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وَعَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ الْقَعْقَاعُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، فَجَعَلَهُ أَمَامَهُ، وَجَعَلَ عَلَى إِحْدَى مُجَنِّبَتَيْهِ قَيْسَ بْنَ هُبَيْرَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ الْمُرَادِيَّ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ شَهِدَ الأَيَّامَ

He placed the vanguard in charge of al-Qa‘qa‘ b. ‘Amr and ordered him to hasten ahead of Hashim, and he appointed Qays b. Hubayrah b. ‘Abd Yaghuth al-Muradi, who had not participated in the previous battles, to command one of the wings

وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ هَاشِمَ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ

Abu ‘Ubaydah ap-pointed Hashim b. TJtbah b. Abi Waqqas to be their commander

وَسَرَّحَ الْجَيْشَ، وَهُمْ سِتَّةُ آلافٍ، خَمْسَةُ آلافٍ مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ وَمُضَرَ وَأَلْفٌ مِنْ أَفْنَاءِ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ

He then dispatched the army, which consisted of six thousand men" Five thousand were from Rabi‘ah and Mudar and one thousand from various southern tribes of Hijaz

فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ كِتَابُ عُمَرَ بِصَرْفِ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ أَصْحَابِ خَالِدٍ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ خَالِدًا ضَنَّ بِخَالِدٍ فَحَبَسَهُ

When Abu ‘Ubaydah received ‘Umar's letter ordering him to divert the Iraqis under Khalid (b. al-Walid)'s command "to Iraq" without mentioning Khalid himself, he kept Khalid with him and did not let him go

وَكَانَ فَتْحُ دِمَشْقَ قَبْلَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ بِشَهْرٍ

Damascus had been conquered one month before the battle of al-Qadisiyyah

فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَلَّتْ بِهِمُ الإِبِلُ وَتَوَجَّهَتْ بِهِمْ نَحْوَ الْعُذَيْبِ طَلَعَتْ نَوَاصِي الْخَيْلِ مِنَ الشَّامِ

When the camels rose to carry them in the direction of aldhayb, the manes of the horses from Syria appeared

وَالنَّاسُ يَنْتَظِرُونَ بِالْقِتَالِ حَمْلَ الرَّثِيثِ وَالأَمْوَاتِ

The Muslims put off the "resumption of" fighting until the wounded and the dead were carried away

الدُّنْيَا مِنْهُمَا إِلَى الْعُذَيْبِ وَالْقُصْوَى مِنْهُمَا مِنَ الْعُذَيْبِ

Its near side extends to al-'Udhayb and its far side beyond it

وَهُوَ وَادٍ بَيْنَ الْعُذَيْبِ وَبَيْنَ عَيْنِ الشَّمْسِ فِي عَدْوَتَيْهِ جَمِيعًا

(Musharriq is a valley between al-'Udhayb and 'Ayn Shams

وَأَمَّا الشُّهَدَاءُ فَدَفَنُوهُمْ هُنَالِكَ عَلَى مُشَرِّقٍ

As for the martyrs, they buried them on both sides of the Musharriq valley" the one that was near al-'Udhayb and the one that was distant from it

فَأَمَّا الرَّثِيثُ فَأُسْلِمَ إِلَى النِّسَاءِ يَقُمْنَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَى قَضَاءِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْهِمْ

The wounded were turned over to the women, to be cared for until God should decide their fate

وَقَدْ وَكَّلَ سَعْدٌ رِجَالا بِنَقْلِ الشُّهَدَاءِ إِلَى الْعُذَيْبِ وَنَقْلِ الرَّثِيثِ

Sa'd put a group of men in charge of carrying the "corpses of the" martyrs and the wounded to al-‘Udhayb

وَلَمَّا اصبح القوم من الغد أصبحوا على تعبئة

On the next morning, the troops were arranged in battle order

وَكَانَ غَيْرَ جَبَانٍ وَلا مَلُومٍ

Yet he was not a coward, nor was he worthy of blame

فَتَعَلَّقَهَا النَّاسُ، فَلَمَّا ظَهَرَ النَّاسُ لَمْ يَبْقَ شَاعِرٌ إِلا اعْتَدَّ بِهَا عَلَيْهِ

The Muslims remembered it, and when they became victorious there was no poet who did not hold it against Sa'd

وَالنَّاسُ أَحَقُّ أَلا يَعْذِرُونِي

The troops have a better reason "than you have" not to accept my excuse

قَالَ" وَاللَّهِ لا يَعْذِرُنِي الْيَوْمَ أَحَدٌ إِذَا أَنْتِ لَمْ تَعْذِرِينِي وَأَنْتِ تَرَيْنَ مَا بِي

Sa'd said" "By God, nobody will today accept my excuse if you do not accept it while seeing my condition

يَعْنِي أَسَدًا وعَاصِمًا وَخَيْلَهُ

He meant the Asad and 'A§im with his horsemen

وَقَالَ" أَيْنَ الْمُثَنَّى مِنْ هَذِهِ الْكَتِيبَةِ الَّتِي تَدُورُ عَلَيْهَا الرَّحَى

He slapped her face and said" "How far is al-Muthanna from the unit around which the fiercest fight is going on

وَهِيَ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ قَدْ أَضْجَرَهُ مَا يَرَى مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَفِي نَفْسِهِ فَلَطَمَ وَجْهَهَا

She said it in the presence of a man (i.e. Sa'd) who was distressed by the actions of his companions and by his own condition

وَلا مُثَنَّى لِلْخَيْلِ الْيَوْمَ

The horsemen have no "one like" Muthanna today

فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ مَا يَصْنَعُ أَهْلُ فارس، قالت" وا مثنياه

When Salma saw what the Persians were doing, she said" "Alas for Muthanna

جَعَلَ سَعْدٌ يَتَمَلْمَلُ وَيَحُولُ جَزَعًا فَوْقَ الْقَصْرِ

Sa'd became restless and began to wander impatiently on the roof of the castle

فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ أَرْمَاثَ، وَجَالَ النَّاسُ، وَكَانَ لا يُطِيقُ جِلْسَةً إِلا مُسْتَوْفِزًا أَوْ عَلَى بَطْنِهِ

When the Muslim soldiers were wheeling around on the Day of Armath, he could sit only in an upright, uncomfortable posture or "had to lie" on his belly

فَنَزَلَ بِهَا الْقَادِسِيَّةَ

He brought her to al-Qadisiyyah

وكان سَعْدٌ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَ سَلْمَى بِنْتَ خَصَفَةَ، امْرَأَةَ الْمُثَنَّى بْنَ حَارِثَةَ قبله بِشَرَافَ

Sa'd married in Sharaf Salma bint Khasafah, who had been the wife of al-Muthanna b. Harithah

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ، عن سيف، عن محمد وطلحة، قالا

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Muhammad and Talhah

يوم أغواث

The Day of Aghwath

جلبنا الخيل من أكناف نيق ... إلى كسرى فوافقها رعالا تركن لهم على الأقسام شجوا ... وبالحقوين أياما طوالا وداعية بفارس قد تركنا ... تبكي كلما رأت الهلالا قتلنا رستما وبنيه قسرا ... تثير الخيل فوقهم الهيالا تركنا منهم حيث التقينا ... فئاما ما يريدون ارتحالا وفر البيرزان ولم يحامي ... وكان على كتيبته وبالا ونجى الهرمزان حذار نفس ... وركض الخيل موصله عجالا

We brought to Kisra horsemen from the sides of a high mountain, and he confronted them with horsemen "of his own". The horses left them in distress in al-Aqsam and in al-Haqwan, for days on end. We left in Persia many a woman praying and weeping whenever she sees the new moon. We killed Rustam and his sons violently, and the horses raised sand over them. At the place of our encounter we left "dead" men who have no intention of moving again. Al-Bayruzan fled without protecting (his men"; he brought calamity upon his troops. Al-Hurmuzan was saved by the prudence of his soul and by the swift running of the horses

فقال عمرو بْن شأس الأسدي

‘Amr b. Shas al-Asadi recited

جالت المجنبات ودارت على أسد يوم أرماث فقتل تلك العشية منهم خمسمائة رجل

The wings "of the Muslim army" wheeled around on the Day of Armath and the tribe of Asad was engaged in the fiercest fight, so that five hundred of them were killed on that evening

كتب إلي السري، عن شعيب، عن سيف، عن الغصن، عن الْقَاسِم، عن رجل من بني كنانة، قَالَ

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Ghusn b. al-Qasitn—a man from Kinanah

وَهَذَا يَوْمُهَا الأَوَّلُ وَهُوَ يَوْمُ أَرْمَاثَ

This was the first day of the battle of al-Qadisiyyah, and it is called the Day of Armath

وَأُصِيبَ مِنْ أَسَدٍ تِلْكَ الْعَشِيَّةَ خمسمائة، وَكَانُوا رِدْءًا لِلنَّاسِ، وَكَانَ عَاصِمٌ عَادِيَةَ النَّاسِ وَحَامِيَتَهُمْ

Five hundred Asadis were killed on that evening, having been the mainstay of the Muslims and ‘Asim having been their leader in war and their protector

فَاقْتَتَلُوا حَتَّى غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ ثُمَّ حَتَّى ذَهَبَتْ هَدْأَةٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ هَؤُلاءِ وَهَؤُلاءِ

They fought until sunset, and during a part of the night, and then both sides withdrew

وَرَدُّوا فَارِسَ عَنْهُمْ إِلَى مَوَاقِفِهِمْ

The Muslims repelled the Persians to their po-sitions

فَمَا بَقِيَ لَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ فِيلٌ إِلا أُعْرِيَ، وَقُتِلَ أَصْحَابُهَا، وَتَقَابَلَ النَّاسُ وَنُفِّسَ عَنْ أَسَدٍ

On that day, no Persian elephant remained without "his back" being exposed; the elephant drivers were killed, the Muslims faced each other, and the Asad were relieved

وَارْتَفَعَ عَوَاؤُهُمْ

The elephants' trumpeting was intense

وَأَقْبَلَ أَصْحَابُ عَاصِمٍ عَلَى الْفِيَلَةِ، فَأَخَذُوا بِأَذْنَابِهَا وَذَبَاذِبِ تَوَابِيتِهَا، فَقَطَّعُوا وُضُنَهَا

'Asim's men drew near the elephants, seizedtheir tails and the ornaments hanging from their litters, and cut their girths

وَقَدْ جَالَتِ الْمَيْمَنَةُ وَالْمَيْسَرَةُ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ

The right and left wings wheeled around not far away

وَخَرَجَ يَحْمِيهِمْ وَالرَّحَى تَدُورُ عَلَى أَسَدٍ

He himself set out to defend the Asadis, around whom the fiercest battle was being fought

ثُمَّ نَادَى فِي رِجَالٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ رُمَاةٍ وَآخَرِينَ لَهُمْ ثَقَافَةٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ" يَا مَعْشَرَ الرُّمَاةِ ذُبُّوا رُكْبَانَ الْفِيَلَةِ عَنْهُمْ بِالنَّبْلِ، وَقَالَ" يَا مَعْشَرَ أَهْلِ الثَّقَافَةِ اسْتَدْبِرُوا الْفِيَلَةَ فَقَطِّعُوا وضنها

'Asim then summoned some archers from his tribe, as well as men skilled in the use of the sword, and said to them" "O archers, drive the elephant riders away from the Muslim horsemen with arrows!" and he went on to say, "O swordsmen, get near the elephants from behind, and cut their girths

قَالُوا" بَلَى وَاللَّهِ

They said" "We certainly have, by God

فَأَرْسَلَ سَعْدٌ إِلَى عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَقَالَ" يَا مَعْشَرَ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، أَلَسْتُمْ أَصْحَابُ الإِبِلِ وَالْخَيْلِ! أَمَا عِنْدَكُمْ لِهَذِهِ الْفِيَلَةِ مِنْ حِيلَةٍ

Sa'd sent a message to 'Asim b. ‘Amr, saying" "O people of Tamim, you are owners of camels and horses" Do you not have in store a trick against these elephants

وَتَلِحُّ فِرْسَانُهُمْ عَلَى الرَّجْلِ يَشْمِسُونَ بِالْخَيْلِ

The Muslim horsemen insistently asked the infantrymen to urge the horses on

وَحَمَلَتِ الْفُيُولُ عَلَى الْمَيْمَنَةِ وَالْمَيْسَرَةِ عَلَى الْخُيُولِ، فَكَانَتِ الْخُيُولُ تُحْجِمُ عَنْهَا وَتَحِيدُ

The elephants attacked the horses on the two wings "of the Muslim army", and the horses were recoiling and swerving aside

فَزَحَفَ اليهم الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَرَحَى الْحَرْبِ تَدُورُ عَلَى أَسَدٍ

The Muslims then moved "to assist" the Asadis, around whom the fiercest battle was being fought

وَقَدْ ثَبَتُوا لَهُمْ، وَقَدْ كَبَّرَ سَعْدٌ الرَّابِعَةَ

The Asadis stood their ground. Sa'd proclaimed "God is most great" for the fourth time

فَاجْتَمَعَتْ حَلَبَةُ فَارِسَ عَلَى أَسَدٍ وَمَعَهُمْ تِلْكَ الْفِيَلَةُ

The Persian cavalry, accompanied by the elephants, gathered against Asad

وَبَدَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الشِّدَّةُ عَلَيْهِمْ ذُو الْحَاجِبِ وَالْجَالِنُوسُ، وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَنْتَظِرُونَ التَّكْبِيرَةَ الرَّابِعَةَ مِنْ سَعْدٍ

Commanded by Dhu al-Hajib and al-Jalnus, they attacked the Muslims, who were expecting Sa'd to proclaim "God is most great" for the fourth time

فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَهْلُ فَارِسَ مَا تَلْقَى الْفِيَلَةُ مِنْ كَتِيبَةِ أَسَدٍ رَمَوْهُمْ بِحَدِّهِمْ

When the Persians saw what the elephants were suffering at the hands of the Asadi unit, they struck the Muslims with their weapons

فَأَزَالُوا الَّذِينَ بِإِزَائِهِمْ

The men of Kindah dashed with him and drove away the Persians who were opposite them

فَنَهَدَ وَنَهَدُوا

Al-Ash‘ath b. Qays made a dash at the enemy

فَهَا نَحْنُ مَعَكَ

Here we are with you

وَأَسَأْنَا أُسْوَتَهُمْ

Where have we not lived up to their example

فَمِنْ أَيْنَ خَذَلْنَا قَوْمَنَا الْعَرَبَ

And where have we let down our people, the Arabs

إِنَّكَ لتُؤبِّسُنا جَاهِدًا، وَنَحْنُ أَحْسَنُ النَّاسِ مَوْقِفًا

You are trying hard to humiliate us, yet we are the most firm in holding our ground

فَوَثَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَدَدٌ مِنْهُمْ عشرة، فَقَالُوا" عَثَّرَ اللَّهُ جَدَّكَ

But at that, ten of them jumped to him and said" "May God vitiate your fortune

وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيُقْتَلُونَ وَيُقَاتِلُونَ، وَأَنْتُمْ جُثَاةٌ عَلَى الرُّكَبِ تَنْظُرُونَ

They are being killed and are fighting, while you look on, squatting on your knees

أَشْهَدُ مَا أَحْسَنْتُمْ أُسْوَةَ قَوْمِكُمُ الْعَرَبِ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمَ

I bear witness that today you have not followed well the example of your people, the Arabs

أَغْنَى كُلُّ قَوْمٍ مَا يَلِيهِمْ، وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْتَظِرُونَ مَنْ يَكْفِيكُمُ الْبَأْسَ

Every tribe takes care of "defending" the area next to them, but you await someone who will save you the trouble

وَأَيُّ هَذٍّ يَهُذُّونَ عَنْ مَوْقِفِهِمْ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمَ

How quickly do they use today the sword in defense of their positions

أَيُّ فِرًى يَفْرُونَ

What a feat are they going to accomplish

لِلَّهِ دَرُّ بَنِي أَسَدٍ

How excellent is "the tribe of" Asad

وَقَامَ الأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ فَقَالَ" يَا مَعْشَرَ كِنْدَةَ

Al-Ash'ath b. Qays stood up and said" "O people of Kindah

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سَيْفٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَطَلْحَةَ وَزِيَادٍ، قَالُوا

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Muhammad, Talhah, and Ziyad

وخرج إلى طليحة عظيم منهم فبارزه، فما لبثه طليحة أن قتله

A Persian chieftain came out against Tulayhah, but the latter fought him and killed him in no time

فأخرت

The elephants retreated

فقال المعرور بْن سويد وشقيق" فشدوا والله عليهم فما زالوا يطعنونهم ويضربونهم حتى حبسنا الفيلة عنهم

Al-Ma'rur b. Suwayd and Shaqiq said" By God, they fell upon the Persians, stabbed them, and hit them until we were able to keep the elephants back from Bajilah

شدوا عليهم باسم اللَّه

Attack them in the name of God

أعانكم اللَّه

May God help you

فأغنوا عن مواقفكم

Take care of your positions

هل يوصل إلى مواقفهم

Are their positions going to be accessible

وأي قرن يغنون

And of what an adversary are they going to take care

أي فري يفرون

What a feat are they going to accomplish

لله در ربيعة

How excellent is "the tribe of" Rabi'ah

وكروا ولا تفروا

Attack and do not run away

شدوا ولا تصدوا

Charge and do not turn back

فإنما سميتم أسدا لتفعلوا فعله

You were called Asad ("lion"" only in order that you should act like one

وأقدموا عليهم إقدام الليوث الحربة

Attack them like ferocious lions

ابتدءوهم الشدة

Attack them first and forcefully

وإن هذا لو علم أن أحدا أحق بإغاثة هؤلاء منكم استغاثهم

If Sa'd knew that some other tribe was more suitable than you to help Bajilah, he would have asked for their help

أن طليحة قام في قومه حين استصرخهم سعد، فقال" يا عشيرتاه، إن المنوه باسمه، الموثوق به

When Sa'd called "upon the tribe of Asad" to come to the rescue "of Bajilah", Tulayhah stood up to address his people and said" O my tribe, the one whose name is mentioned is the trusted one

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سيف، عن محمد بن قيس، عن موسى بْن طريف

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Muhammad b. Qays— Musa b. Tarif

وَإِنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ فِيلٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلا

Every elephant was ridden by twenty men

فَبَاشَرُوا الْفِيَلَةَ حَتَّى عَدَلَهَا رُكْبَانُهَا

They confronted the elephants so that the drivers turned them "in another direction

فَخَرَجَ طُلَيْحَةُ بْنُ خُوَيْلِدٍ وَحَمَّالُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ وَغَالِبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَالرَّبِيلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فِي كَتَائِبِهِمْ

So Tulayhah b. Khuwaylid, Hammal b. Malik, Ghalib b. ‘Abdallah, and al-Ribbil b. ‘Amr set out with their fighting units

فَأَرْسَلَ سَعْدٌ إِلَى بَنِي أَسَدٍ" ذَبِّبُوا عَنْ بَجِيلَةَ وَمَنْ لافَّهَا مِنَ النَّاسِ

Sa'd sent a message to the tribe of Asad, saying" "Defend Bajilah and the men who are attached to them

فَرَّتْ عَنْهَا خَيْلُهَا نِفَارًا، وَعَمَّنْ كَانَ مَعَهُمْ فِي مَوَاقِفِهِمْ، وَبَقِيَتِ الرَّجَّالَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَوَاقِفِ

Their horses and the horses of those who were with them in their positions fled in terror, and only the infantrymen stationed there remained

فَكَادَتْ بَجِيلَةَ أَنْ تُؤْكَلَ

Bajilah was on the verge of being annihilated

فَابْذَعَرَّتِ الْخَيْلُ

The horses panicked

لَمَّا تَكَتَّبَتِ الْكَتَائِبُ بَعْدَ الطِّرَادِ حَمَلَ أَصْحَابُ الْفِيَلَةِ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَفَرَّقَتْ بَيْنَ الْكَتَائِبِ

When the fighting units came into formation after the "initial" attack, the elephant drivers attacked the Muslims and drove a wedge between their units

فأحالهم على بجيلة، فصرفوا إليهم ستة عشر فيلا

He directed them toward Bajilah, and they sent in the direction of Bajilah sixteen elephants

فقال له أهل فارس" أحلنا

They said to him" "Direct us

وكان قد خرج من الناس إليهم

A "Muslim" man went out to the Persians

كانت يعني وقعة القادسية في المحرم سنة أربع عشرة في أوله

The battle of al-Qadisiyyah took place at the beginning of Muharram of the year 14

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ، عن سيف، عن إسماعيل بن أبي خالد، قال

According to al-Sari — Shu'ayb — Sayf — Isma'il b. Abi Khalid

أن الأعاجم وجهت إلى الوجه الذي فيه بجيلة ثلاثة عشر فيلا

The Persians sent in the direction of the tribe of Bajilah thirteen elephants

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سَيْفٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ،عن قيس بْن أبي حازم

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Isma'il b. Abi Khalid— Qays b. Abi Hazim

وقال بعضهم غير إسماعيل" وأخذ سواريه ومنطقته ويلمق ديباج عَلَيْهِ

According to some transmitters "of the last tradition", except Isma'il" ‘Amr b. Ma'dlkarib took from the Persian his two bracelets, his belt, and a brocaded coat that he wore