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76847491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Dawg | My Dawg | My Dawg may refer to:
My Dawg (Lil Baby song), 2017
My Dawg (21 Savage and Metro Boomin song), 2020
My Dawg, a song by Nav, from the album Demons Protected by Angels |
76847496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next%20Belizean%20general%20election | Next Belizean general election | General elections are scheduled to be held in Belize no later than 2025 to elect the 31 members of the House of Representatives. The current prime minister, Johnny Briceño has confirmed that elections will not be held in 2024.
Contesting parties
Belize Justice Movement
The Belize Justice Movement has confirmed that it will be contesting the elections. The party launched in late 2023, and runs a campaign on social justice.
Belize Progressive Party
The Belize Progressive Party has confirmed their intent to contest the elections. They are pushing for completed redistricting before the elections take place.
References
Belize
General elections in Belize |
76847501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda%20%28DDT%20song%29 | Svoboda (DDT song) | Svoboda () is a song by the Russian rock band DDT. It was written by Yuri Shevchuk in 1997 for the album “”.
The song was written by Yuri Shevchuk while writing songs for the new program “World Number Zero” in 1997. It was originally called “Swamp”, and the first version of the song was included in the so-called “Village Album” a demo recording of the album “World Number Zero” made by Shevchuk and Konstantin Shumailov.
Rough studio recordings of “Svoboda” began in the summer of 1998 during the recording of the album “World Number Zero”, but due to the rigid concept of the album, it was included with modifications in the more lyrical album “”, released in February 2000.
The song was highly appreciated by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. He said he had never heard the word sung like that or spoken at all.
In 2024, after the death of Russian oppositionist Alexei Navalny, Yuri Shevchuk dedicated a song to his memory.
Participated
Yuri Shevchuk — vocals, author, bells
Vadim Kurylev — guitars, backing vocals
Igor Dotsenko — timpani, cymbals, bells, backing vocals
Konstantin Shumailov — keyboards, samplers, backing vocals
Pavel Borisov — bass guitar, backing vocals
References
External links
, .Либеральный лексикон
2000 songs
Russian rock music
Songs in Russian
Rock songs
Russian songs
DDT (band) songs |
76847553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj%20Woewodin | Taj Woewodin | Taj Woewodin (born 26 March 2003) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). A medium defender, he is tall and weighs . Woewodin is the son of 2000 Brownlow Medallist Shane Woewodin. He made his debut in the 21-point win against at the Docklands Stadium in Round 17 of the 2023 season.
Statistics
Updated to the end of round 8, 2024.
|-
| 2022 || || 40
| 0 || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| 2023 || || 40
| 4 || 2 || 1 || 18 || 19 || 37 || 8 || 7 || 0.5 || 0.3 || 4.5 || 4.75 || 9.25 || 2.0 || 1.75
|-
| 2024 || || 40
| 6 || 0 || 1 || 27 || 14 || 41 || 14 || 12 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 4.5 || 2.3 || 6.8 || 2.3 || 2.0
|- class=sortbottom
! colspan=3 | Career
! 10 !! 2 !! 2 !! 45 !! 33 !! 78 !! 22 !! 19 !! 0.2 !! 0.2 !! 4.5 !! 3.3 !! 7.8 !! 2.2 !! 1.9
|}
Notes
References
External links
2003 births
Living people
Australian people of Ukrainian descent
Melbourne Football Club players
East Fremantle Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Australian rules footballers from Perth, Western Australia
Sportsmen from Western Australia
People educated at Aquinas College, Perth
Casey Demons players |
76847653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Kuznetsov%20%28archaeologist%29 | Vladimir Kuznetsov (archaeologist) | Vladimir Alexandrovich Kuznetsov (; 25 July 1927 – 5 May 2024) was a Russian archaeologist and historian. He specialized in the history of the North Caucasus.
Biography
Born in Pyatigorsk on 25 July 1927, Kuznetsov studied at , during which he took a trip to the . He went on to work for the Kabardino-Balkarian Institute for Humanitarian Research.
Kuznetsov died in Mineralnye Vody on 5 May 2024, at the age of 96.
Publications
Rekom, Nuzal i Tsarazonta (1990)
Ocherki istorii alan (1992)
Nizhnii Arkhyz v X-XII vekakh: K istorii srednevekovykh gorodov severnogo Kavkaza (1993)
Les chrétiens disparus du Caucase: Histoire et archéologie du christianisme au Caucase du Nord et en Crimée (1999)
Les Alains : Cavaliers des steppes, seigneurs du Caucase, Ier - XVe siècles apr. J.-C. (2005)
Istoriia V Zerkale Paranauki : Kritika Sovremennoi etnotsentristskoi Istoriografii Severnogo Kavkaza (2006)
References
1927 births
2024 deaths
Soviet archaeologists
Soviet historians
Russian archaeologists
Russian historians
People from Pyatigorsk |
76847655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas%20Sabres | Dallas Sabres | The Dallas Sabres were an American minor professional ice hockey team located in Fort Worth, Texas. The franchise existed for one season in the Gulf Coast Hockey League before folding when the league dissolved.
History
Dallas was one of four teams arranged for the inaugural season of the Gulf Coast Hockey League in 2001. The roster was put together by team owner Pete Griffith and he an appointed Rob Lewis as the player/coach for the first season. After one of the teams failed to materialize, Dallas found itself as the middle child of the group and the squad was able to play most of its scheduled games. In late February, the league approved the sale of the franchise to a new group headed by Jane Goss, who took over as general manager. Dallas finished the year in second place and met Houston in the semifinals. The Sabres won the right to face the Texarkana Bandits for the championship but were routed 1–8 in their final game.
Though the league initially planned to return for a second season, the GCHL disbanded without much fanfare over the summer and all three existing teams permanently suspended operations.
Season-by-season record
References
External links
The Internet Hockey Database
Archived official website
Gulf Coast Hockey League teams
Defunct ice hockey teams in Texas
Ice hockey clubs established in 2001
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 2002
2001 establishments in Texas
2002 disestablishments in Texas |
76847661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Nargund | Siege of Nargund | Siege of Nargund may refer to:
Siege of Nargund (1778)
Siege of Nargund (1785) |
76847734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo%20de%20las%20Am%C3%A9ricas | Museo de las Américas | Museo de las Américas is a contemporary art museum museum in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Its mission is to offer a synoptic view of the history and culture of the Americas from ancient to contemporary, emphasizing in Puerto Rico, through exhibition programs and cultural activities.
Founded in 1992 by Ricardo Enrique Alegría Gallardo, a professor at the Universidad de Puerto Rico and founder of the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, the museum is dedicated to its role in preserving and perpetuating Puerto Rican arts and culture, both within the territory and abroad. Among its temporary exhibitions, the museum has four permanent exhibitions: The Popular Arts in the Americas, The African Heritage, The Indigenous of America and Conquest and Colonization: Birth and Evolution of the Puerto Rican Nation. Museo de Las Americas is a multidisciplinary, multicultural and multidimensional learning museum, responding to a diverse community, which allows it to consolidate itself as a cutting-edge institution in Puerto Rico.
It is currently housed in the former Ballajá Barracks, built between 1854 and 1864 as one of the last major architectural projects of the Spanish colonial rule over the island before it was annexed by the United States in 1898. Initially, when Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States, the federal government paid the Catholic Church for this property, among others in the area. Ownership of the property, claimed by the Catholic Church, was not a straightforward matter and had to be resolved by the Supreme Court.
The Government of Puerto Rico acquired the building in 1976 through a transfer from the Government of the United States with the commitment of restoring it and using it for cultural, educative, and touristic purposes. In 1986, a reform plan for the San Juan Historic Zone was sketched and the building was restored from 1990 to 1993.
References
Museums in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Contemporary art galleries in the United States
Museums established in 1992
1992 establishments in Puerto Rico |
76847737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston%20Blast | Houston Blast | The Houston Blast were an American minor professional ice hockey team located in Houston, Texas. The franchise existed for one season in the Gulf Coast Hockey League before folding when the league dissolved.
History
Houston was one of the founding teams of the Gulf Coast Hockey League and played in the inaugural match on October 19, 2001. However, not much went right for the franchise afterwards. Houston proceeded to win just 2 games all season, finishing last in the 3-team league. Despite this, Houston did make the postseason, but a 0–10 loss proved just how far behind they were.
Though the league initially planned to return for a second season, the GCHL disbanded without much fanfare over the summer and all three existing teams permanently suspended operations.
Season-by-season record
References
External links
The Internet Hockey Database
Gulf Coast Hockey League teams
Defunct ice hockey teams in Texas
Ice hockey clubs established in 2001
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 2002
2001 establishments in Texas
2002 disestablishments in Texas |
76847754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibsen%3A%20%22%E2%80%A6%20den%20m%C3%A6rkelige%20mand%22 | Ibsen: "… den mærkelige mand" | Ibsen: "... den mærkelige mand" is a biography of Henrik Ibsen, written by Sverre Mørkhagen and published by Gyldendal Norsk Forlag in 2019. The book sparked intense debate among Ibsen scholars and the public in 2019. Shortly after its publication, it received a very positive review in Dagbladet and was awarded a prize that called the book the "ultimate Ibsen biography." However, later in the fall of 2019, it was heavily criticized by leading Ibsen scholars who argued that the book presented an outdated and inaccurate portrayal of Ibsen, ignored recent Ibsen scholarship, and contained unsustainable conjecture and factual errors. Jørgen Haave and other Ibsen researchers described the book as a setback for the academic study of Henrik Ibsen's life and work, due to its recycling of myths and misunderstandings.
Content and reception
The book is a comprehensive biography that aims to present Ibsen's entire life and work. Each chapter is named after a chapter in Ibsen's play Peer Gynt.
The book was the subject of significant debate among academics in 2019. After its release, it received positive reviews from non-specialists, including a very favorable review by Marius Wulfsberg in Dagbladet, where the book was described as "a masterpiece." That same fall, Mørkhagen received the Riksmål Society's Literature Prize for the book, and the jury described it as "the ultimate Ibsen biography." However, later in the fall, the criticism from academic circles studying Henrik Ibsen's life and work grew stronger.
Ibsen researcher and director of the Henrik Ibsen Museum in Skien, Jørgen Haave, was critical of the book and argued that it presented a highly misleading image of Ibsen, recycled old myths that had been debunked, contained many errors and misunderstandings, and did not incorporate Ibsen research from the last decade before publication, including the book Familien Ibsen (2017). Haave called the book "a speculative and sloppy story" that "is a depressing setback for Ibsen research," giving "a completely wrong impression of Henrik Ibsen's life and work." According to Haave, the book undermines efforts to document and communicate Ibsen's biography due to its careless use of sources, providing an "uncritical and imprecise" recounting that the author "remembers reading and 'enriches' stories with a good dose of his own invention."
A group of genealogists investigated the book's claim that Ibsen fathered a daughter with a thirteen-year-old and demonstrated that the claim was false.
Ibsen scholar and director of the Ibsen Museum in Oslo, Erik Henning Edvardsen, wrote that "Mørkhagen's attempt to write an Ibsen biography has so far sparked debate around the peculiar idea of opening the possibility that Henrik Ibsen as a 15-year-old could have impregnated a 13-year-old girl. [...] Mørkhagen retrieves all the missteps found in the secondary literature. [...] Small and large blunders follow each other quickly throughout the work. [...] It's incomprehensible that Gyldendal alone trusted the author's judgment and released the work without any quality control from an Ibsen scholar." Edvardsen wrote that Mørkhagen "exclusively revitalizes outdated errors and has no idea what has happened in Ibsen research since 1977."
History professor and Ibsen researcher Narve Fulsås wrote that "Sverre Mørkhagen does not let research or new sources stand in the way of his good story about a suffering Henrik Ibsen. [...] [The book is] primarily a disappointing testimony to the failure of humanistic Ibsen scholarship. Here, everything seems to have bounced off the narrative that Mørkhagen has already decided on."
The Aftenposten reviewer, literature professor Henning Howlid Wærp, was critical of the book and argued that it lacked a clear purpose: "[Mørkhagen justifies] the biography with the assertion that Ibsen's authorship must not 'end up in the shadow of oblivion.' That is hardly a risk."
Mørkhagen rejected the criticism, stating, "I don't fully agree with the fact dogmatism that characterizes parts of the Ibsen community." In an interview, he said the Ibsen scholars "have decided to bark and snap at me with astonishing rage." Later, Mørkhagen stated that he and Ivo de Figueiredo represented "a bolder Ibsen tradition." Ibsen researcher Ivo de Figueiredo distanced himself from this, stating that "unless you miss more Trump rhetoric in historical writing, it is difficult to see Sverre Mørkhagen's confrontation with Ibsen research's 'fact-based dogmatism' as progress." He agreed with Haave's points but felt the criticism of Mørkhagen's book was so aggressive "you'd think the Brekkeparken Museum was under siege." Figueiredo also noted that Wulfsberg's review of the book "makes you wonder what kind of research standards are upheld at the National Library."
References
Henrik Ibsen |
76847760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%27s%20World%20Tour | X's World Tour | The X's World Tour is an upcoming concert tour by American dream pop band Cigarettes After Sex, in support of their third studio album, X's (2024). The tour will begin on August 31, 2024, in Montreal, Canada, and is currently set to conclude on March 19, 2025, in Auckland, New Zealand, after visiting every inhabited continent.
Background
On February 28, 2024, Cigarettes After Sex announced their third studio album, X's, and released its lead single "Tejano Blue".
On February 28, 2024, the band announced their first arena tour, the X's World Tour, in support of the album. The first set of tour dates were released that day, with the band confirming Middle East and South America legs to be announced at a later date, along with more shows in Asia.
The tour will be preceded by a headlining set at Bonnaroo Music Festival on June 15, 2024.
Tour dates
References
Upcoming concert tours
2024 concert tours
2025 concert tours
Concert tours of North America
Concert tours of Europe
Concert tours of Asia
Concert tours of Africa
Concert tours of Oceania
Concert tours of South America
Concert tours of Canada
Concert tours of the United States
Concert tours of Mexico
Concert tours of Greece
Concert tours of the Netherlands
Concert tours of Belgium
Concert tours of Italy
Concert tours of Austria
Concert tours of Poland
Concert tours of Germany
Concert tours of Switzerland
Concert tours of the United Kingdom
Concert tours of France
Concert tours of Spain
Concert tours of Portugal
Concert tours of Hong Kong
Concert tours of Malaysia
Concert tours of the Philippines
Concert tours of Indonesia
Concert tours of Thailand
Concert tours of South Africa
Concert tours of Australia
Concert tours of New Zealand |
76847761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure%20Soul | Pure Soul | Pure Soul may refer to:
Pure Soul (group), an American R&B girl group
Pure Soul (album), a 1998 album by Glay
See also
"Pure Souls", a song by Kanye West |
76847796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koltyn%20Tholstrup | Koltyn Tholstrup | Koltyn Tholstrup (born 28 June 2005) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). A medium forward, he is tall. He made his debut in the twenty-two point loss to at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in round 6 of the 2024 season.
Statistics
Updated to the end of round 8, 2024.
|-
| 2024 || || 39
| 1 || 0 || 1 || 2 || 5 || 7 || 1 || 4 || 0.0 || 1.0 || 2.0 || 5.0 || 7.0 || 1.0 || 4.0
|- class=sortbottom
! colspan=3 | Career
! 1 !! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 5 !! 7 !! 1 !! 4 !! 0.0 !! 1.0 !! 2.0 !! 5.0 !! 7.0 !! 1.0 !! 4.0
|}
Notes
References
External links
2005 births
Living people
Casey Demons players
People from Esperance, Western Australia
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Australian rules footballers from Perth, Western Australia
Sportsmen from Western Australia
Subiaco Football Club players
Melbourne Football Club players |
76847797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merv%20%28film%29 | Merv (film) | Merv is an upcoming American romantic comedy film directed by Jessica Swale and written by Linsey Stewart and Dane Clark. It stars Charlie Cox and Zooey Deschanel.
Cast
Charlie Cox
Zooey Deschanel
Chris Redd
Patricia Heaton
David Hunt
Ellyn Jameson
Wynn Everett
Jasmine Mathews
Joey Slotnick
Production
In March 2024, it was reported that a romantic comedy film titled Merv was in development, with Jessica Swale directing, Linsey Stewart and Dane Clark writing the screenplay and Zooey Deschanel starring.
In May, Charlie Cox, Chris Redd, Patricia Heaton, David Hunt, Ellyn Jameson, Wynn Everett, Jasmine Mathews, and Joey Slotnick joined the cast of the film.
Filming
Principal photography began on May 7, 2024.
References
External links
Upcoming films
2020s romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
Films set in Florida
Amazon MGM Studios films |
76847803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punto%20de%20Vista | Punto de Vista | Punto de Vista may refer to:
Punto de Vista (journal), Argentine literary journal founded in 1978
Punto de Vista (album), a 1990 album by Gilberto Santa Rosa
See also
Punto de Vista International Documentary Film Festival, Spanish film festival |
76847859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torry%20Island%20Swing%20Bridge | Torry Island Swing Bridge | The Torry Island Swing Bridge (also known as the Point Chosen Swing Bridge) is a historic swing bridge located just west of Belle Glade, Florida. The bridge was built in 1935, making it the oldest swing drawbridge in Florida and the only one in the state that is still operated manually via a crank. The bridge connects County Road 717 (West Canal Street) on the east side of Lake Okeechobee to Torry Island, a historic site and the lake's only inhabited island.
The Torry Island Swing Bridge crosses Lake Okeechobee's rim canal and is only one lane wide with traffic lights on both sides of the bridge controlling the direction of travel on the single lane (as well as stopping traffic when the swing span is open). The Torry Island Swing Bridge notably provides access to the Torry Island Campground and is opened for vessel traffic on demand by operations at Slims Fish Camp.
History
Built in 1935, the bridge was needed after the construction of the Herbert Hoover Dike around Lake Okeechobee. The dike's construction led to the creation of the rim canal, which needed to be bridged to access what is now Torry Island. The bridge's steel swing span was a recycled span that had been used previously on the original Roosevelt Bridge in Stuart from 1916 to 1934.
The bridge's first tender was Slim Corbin. Corbin was a worker on the Hervert Hoover Dike after moving to the area from Alabama looking for work during the Great Depression. Corbin created Slim's Fish Camp on Torry Island, which is still operated today by the Corbin family and still houses the swing bridge's operation.
References
Landmarks in Florida
Road bridges in Florida
Bridges completed in 1935
Swing bridges in the United States |
76847872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texarkana%20Bandits%20%28GCHL%29 | Texarkana Bandits (GCHL) | The Texarkana Bandits were an American minor professional ice hockey team located in Texarkana, Arkansas. The franchise existed for one season in the Gulf Coast Hockey League before folding a year after the league dissolved.
History
In the brief history of the GCHL, Texarkana was the class of the league. In its lone season of existence, the Bandits won 28 of 30 games ( %) and won the league championship by over 30 points. Texarkana's lone playoff game was in line with the earlier scores and they defeated the Dallas Sabres 8–1.
Though the league initially planned to return for a second season, the GCHL disbanded without much fanfare over the summer. The Bandits played one more season as an independent team, before folding themselves.
Season-by-season record
References
External links
The Internet Hockey Database
Archived official website
Gulf Coast Hockey League teams
Defunct ice hockey teams in Arkansas
Ice hockey clubs established in 2001
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 2002
2001 establishments in Arkansas
2002 disestablishments in Arkansas |
76848059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pursuit%20of%20Honor | Pursuit of Honor | Pursuit of Honor may refer to:
Pursuit of Honor (novel), a 2009 novel by Vince Flynn
Pursuit of Honor (album), a 2011 album by Battlecross
See also
In Pursuit of Honor, a 1995 American Western film |
76848081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin%20American%20Federation%20of%20Journalists | Latin American Federation of Journalists | The Latin American Federation of Journalists (, FELAP), founded on June 7, 1976, is an association that represents journalism organizations—federations, unions, circles, and schools—in Latin America and the Caribbean, representing more than 80,000 journalists in the region as of 2012.
Background
Its founding president was , of Venezuela, and its founding general secretary was , of Peru.
FELAP also serves as an umbrella for more than 50 associated institutions that are involved in the study and practice of communication and journalism, such as research centers, journalism schools, specialized libraries, news agencies, and publications. At the request of FELAP and the International Federation of Journalists, in 1991 the was founded as a regional body working to ensure the safety of FELAP members.
In addition to its official website, FELAP has published articles on the website of the Voltaire Network. It is associated with UNESCO as a nongovernmental organization. It has worked in collaboration with many organizations, including the Argentine Media Observatory, the Union of Journalists of Buenos Aires, the Puerto Rico Journalists Association, the , the Brazilian , the Federation of Associations of Mexican Journalists, and Democracy Now. Representatives from FELAP have served on the jury for the Miguel de Cervantes Prize.
External links
Official website
FELAP on Twitter
References
International journalism organizations
Freedom of expression organizations
Organizations established in 1976 |
76848087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th%20North%20Carolina%20Infantry%20Regiment | 6th North Carolina Infantry Regiment | The 6th North Carolina Infantry Regiment was organized on June 16, 1861, at Camp Alamance with the officers being installed the following day. It was mustered in Raleigh and ended a handful of months later on the 14th of November, 1861, being later re-organized as the 16th NC. The men were from Jackson County, Madison County, Yancey County, Buncombe County, Rutherford County, Burke County, Macon County, Henderson County, Polk County, Haywood County, and Gaston County.
Organization and Companies
As previously said, the 6th North Carolina was organized on June 16, 1861, at Camp Alamance. The officers, of which will be listed shortly, were installed the following day. From Adjutants to Colonel the officers include:
Stephen Lee, Colonel.
Robert G.A. Love, Lt. Colonel.
Benjamin F. Briggs, Major.
Woodbury Wheeler Jr. and John J. Spann, both Adjutants.
Following them are the companies.
Company A - Jackson County, Capt. Andrew W. Coleman.
Company B - Madison County, Capt. John Peek.
Company C - Yancey County and Buncombe County, Capt. John S. McElroy.
Company D - Rutherford County, Capt. Herbert D. Lee.
Company E - Burke County, Burke Tigers, Capt. Elijah J. Kirksey.
Company F - Buncombe County, Capt. Patrick H. Thrash
Company G - Rutherford County, Capt. Champion T.N. Davis
Company H - Macon County, Capt. Thomas M. Angel.
Company I - Henderson County, Capt. William M. Shipp.
Company K - Polk County, Capt. John C. Camp
Company L - Haywood County, Capt. Robert G.A. Love, Capt. Elisha G. Johnson
Company M - Gaston County, Capt. Benjamin F. Briggs, Capt. William A. Stowe
See also
List of North Carolina Confederate Civil War units
References
Register of North Carolina Troops, 1861, by John Spelman page 13.
"The respective command" of the 6th (as stated on the title of the book), page 786–808 in the "History of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina in the Great War-'65-Volume 1" edited by Walter Clark and published by the state.
External links
https://civilwarintheeast.com/confederate-regiments/north-carolina/6th-north-carolina-infantry-regiment/
https://www.carolana.com/NC/Civil_War/6th_nc_volunteers_regiment.html
https://www.carolana.com/NC/Civil_War/Register_of_North_Carolina_Troops_1861.pdf
https://www.carolana.com/NC/Civil_War/Histories_of_the_Several_Regiments_and_Battalions_from_NC_in_the_Great_War_Volume_I_Walter_Clark_1901.pdf
1861 establishments in North Carolina
1865 disestablishments in North Carolina |
76848143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20A.%20Gill | Herbert A. Gill | Herbert Abraham Gill (October 12, 1856 – November 27, 1936) was an American civil servant, auditor, stenographer, and businessman. Gill served as the acting commissioner of the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries from 1895 to 1896. He was also the founder and president of H.A. Gill & Son Inc., a real estate development company in the Washington, D.C. area.
Early life and family
Gill was born on October 12, 1856, in New York City. He was married to Monita Wederstrandt Smith and they had four children.
Career
United States Fish Commission
In the late 1870s, Gill began working for the Smithsonian Institution as a stenographer, and began working for the United States Fish Commission in May 1876 as a disbursing agent and auditing officer. In the 1880s, Gill was appointed as chief clerk of the commission. In 1880, Gill helped to plan the U.S. government's involvement in the Berlin Fishery Expedition. In 1890, Gill testified to the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Fisheries during their investigation of the commission.
Following the death of Commissioner Marshall McDonald in 1895, Gill assumed the role of Acting Commissioner. Gill served in the post until the appointment of John J. Brice the following year. While in the post, Gill helped to establish the commission's Division of Propagation and Distribution of Food Fishes. He also worked with the U.S. Congress to regulate Alaskan salmon fishing with closed seasons, spawning escapement requirements, and net restrictions.
Business career
Gill was an active member of the Cosmos Club from 1879 to 1884. In 1888, Gill began buying and selling land in Brookland, a new suburban development in Washington, D.C. During that period, he acquired over forty land deeds and began developing properties. In 1892, he sold his land in Rosemount Park to the U.S. government for $1 to help establish Rock Creek Park.
In 1908, he formally established H.A. Gill & Son Inc. with his son Theodore. In 1917, Gill was a founding board member of the Washington Real Estate Board to institute standard real estate fees and a code of ethics. Gill was also the auditor of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for several years.
Death
Gill died in 1936 aged 80. He is interred at Oak Hill Cemetery.
References
1856 births
1936 deaths
People from New York City
People from Washington, D.C.
Smithsonian Institution people
United States Fish Commission personnel |
76848330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discop%C5%99%C3%ADb%C4%9Bh | Discopříběh | Discopříběh () is a 1987 Czechoslovak musical film written and directed by Jaroslav Soukup. It starred Rudolf Hrušínský III, the grandson of actor Rudolf Hrušínský. The songs in the film were performed by Michal David.
Plot
Chimney sweep apprentice Jirka Horáček lives with his widowed father on a housing estate in Plzeň. He spends his free time with his friend Roman at discotheques. During one night out, he meets an attractive blonde, Eva, and a quiet hairdresser, Jitka. Jirka falls in love with Eva, though Eva already has a boyfriend, the slightly older Cáfa. In an effort to win Eva over and prove that he is better than Cáfa, Jirka does silly things such as running around the town square naked, kissing Eva in front of a security camera, and inviting Cáfa to a luxury restaurant and sneaking out with Eva before payment.
Jirka eventually loses Eva after she discovers he was lying to her about being an airplane mechanic. Distraught, Jirka gets his head shaved by Jitka. Cáfa also beats up Jirka after Jirka did not pay back the restaurant bill. Afterwards, Jirka has an argument with his father and runs away from home. Jirka lives as a vagrant, secretly entering his house to get food, but he is eventually discovered by his father and the two reconcile. Jirka also realizes that Jitka, not Eva, really likes him.
Cast
Rudolf Hrušínský III as Jirka
Ladislav Potměšil as Jirka's father
Mariana Slováková as Eva
Jaroslava Stránská as Jitka
Roman Pikl as Roman
Andrej Kraus as Cáfa
Jana Krausová as Jirka's mother
Sequel
A sequel, Discopříběh 2, was released in 1991.
References
External links
1987 films
1980s Czech-language films
Czech musical films |
76848345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael%20Almeida | Rafael Almeida | Rafael Almeida may refer to:
Rafael Almeida (baseball)
Rafael Almeida (actor) |
76848401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20Boogie | Radio Boogie | Radio Boogie may refer to:
"Radio Boogie" (song), a 1952 bluegrass song by L. C. Smith and Ralph Mayo
Radio Boogie (album), a 1981 album by Hot Rize |
76848423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wretman | Wretman | Wretman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Gustaf Wretman (1888–1949), Swedish swimmer
Tore Wretman (1916–2003), Swedish chef and restaurateur |
76848427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunath%20Singh | Raghunath Singh | Raghunath Singh may refer to:
Raghunath Singh (politician) (1911–1992), Indian politician
Raghunath Singh (diwan), diwan of the Gond king of Deogarh
See also |
76848478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maesa%20%28disambiguation%29 | Maesa (disambiguation) | Maesa is a genus of flowering plants.
Maesa could also refer to:
Iolaus maesa, a species of butterfly found in West and Central Africa
Julia Maesa (died c. 224 AD), a Roman historical figure
Maesa Stadium, a stadium located in Tondano, Indonesia
Djenar Maesa Ayu (born 1973), an Indonesian novelist, actress, and filmmaker |
76848491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagr%20%28film%29 | Dagr (film) | Dagr is a 2024 British found footage horror film directed and co-written by Matthew Butler-Hart.
Plot
Listed by Empire Magazine as one of their 'Best Films to watch in 2024', Dagr is a British found footage folk horror set in Wales gently inspired by the likes of The Blair Witch Project and Ghostwatch, but blending different timelines so that it becomes a 'found footage within a found footage within a found footage' film. Two 'Robin-Hood' YouTubers, Thea and Louise, decide to pose as caterers on a 'arty' commercial so that they can steal equipment and give it to the needy, all whilst filming themselves doing it of course. When they arrive at the Welsh mansion, however, they find the place deserted and only from the behind the scenes footage shot by the film crew as proof they were there - but is the horrific footage they find real or fake? Have they stepped into a prank, or the worst day of their life!
Cast
Riz Moritz as Louise
Ellie Duckles as Thea
Matt Barber as Matt
Tori Butler-Hart as Tori
Emma King as Emma
Graham Butler as Gray
Hattie Chapman as Hattie
Luca Thompson as Ash Blake
Release
The film was released in cinemas on 9 February 2024 and released on digital platforms on 2 April 2024.
Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 60% based on 5 reviews, with an average rating of 6.80/10. Jack Bottomley of Starburst Magazine called it as a "tense, slow-burning, slice of British folk horror".
References
External links
2024 films
2020s English-language films
2020s British films
2024 independent films
British independent films |
76848531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Swieten | Van Swieten | Van Swieten is a surname found in the Netherlands. Notable people with this surname include:
Bartholda van Swieten (1566 – 1647), a Dutch noble and diplomat
Cornelis Bicker van Swieten (1592 – 1654), a Dutch historical figure
Gerard van Swieten (1700 – 1772), a Dutch physician
Gerard Bicker (I) van Swieten (1632 – 1716), a Dutch aristocrat
Gottfried van Swieten (1733 – 1803), a Dutch-Austrian diplomat, librarian, and music patron
Jan van Swieten (1807 – 1888), a Dutch general and politician |
76848578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rainbow%20People | The Rainbow People | (The) Rainbow People may refer to:
The Rainbow People (book), a 1984 book by Richard Collier
The Rainbow People (album), a 2002 album by Dexter Gordon and Benny Bailey
Rainbow People (album), a 2008 album by Steve Turre |
76848608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Winnsboro | Lake Winnsboro | Lake Winnsboro is a lake located south-west of Winnsboro, Texas, and north-east of Quitman.
The lake is located within the Sabine River basin.
References
Lakes of Texas
Bodies of water of Wood County, Texas |
76848619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Trial%20of%20Dedan%20Kimathi | The Trial of Dedan Kimathi | The Trial of Dedan Kimathi is a 1976 play written by Kenyan playwrights Ngugi wa Thiong’o and Mugo. The story centers on the trials of Dedan Kimathi, a Kenyan national hero who resisted colonialism in Kenya, and the pressure put on him to disclose his allies to the colonial authorities.
Plot
Kimathi is captured and the colonial authorities say they will put him on trial. In his first trial, Kimathi meets with Shaw Henderson. During the meeting, Kimathi is told he will be released if he pleas for his life, but he rejects the offer. In his second trial, Kimathi meets with a delegation. A banker in the delegation argues that Kenya's economy grew under the colonial government, which Kimathi refutes. In his third trial, Kimathi meets with a priest, a businessman and a politician, who all tempt him to surrender. Kimathi is briefly swayed, but rejects their offer. In the four trial, Kimathi meets with Shaw Henderson again. Henderson tortures Kimathi in an attempt to get him to reveal the identities of his fellow revolutionist, but Kimathi refuses and eventually dies.
References
1976 plays
Kenyan plays |
76848716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmigadoon%21%20%28musical%29 | Schmigadoon! (musical) | Schmigadoon! is an upcoming stage musical with book, music and lyrics by Cinco Paul, based on the Apple TV+ musical comedy series of the same name created by Paul and Ken Daurio.
Production
World premiere: Washington D.C. (2025)
The musical will have its world premiere at the Eisenhower Theater at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. as part of the Broadway Center Stage series from January 31 running until February 9, 2025. The production will be directed and choreographed by Christopher Gattelli.
References
2020s musicals
Musicals based on television series
American musicals |
76848743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921%E2%80%9322%20Amherst%20Lord%20Jeffs%20men%27s%20ice%20hockey%20season | 1921–22 Amherst Lord Jeffs men's ice hockey season | The 1921–22 Amherst Lord Jeffs men's ice hockey season was the 9th season of play for the program. The Lord Jeffs were coached by Leon Plumer in his first season.
Season
With a new moniker for the college's team (unofficial as it may be), Amherst wasted no time in preparing for the season. Seeking to banish the memory of a winless season, the team used an uncommon tactic of employing an undergrad as the team's coach. To make things interesting, Leon Plumer was not a member of the team, though he had been two years earlier. Plumer ran the Jeffs through drills whenever possible on the temporary rink but there was little chance to prepare for the inaugural match right after they returned from the winter break. Among other things, Amherst officially adopted the new 6-on-6 format and abandoned the rover position.
In the first match, Dartmouth was once again one of the best teams in the country and the purple did well just by keeping the score close. A week later the team took a jaunt through upstate New York and came away with two more defeats. The match with Hamilton showed some improvement with the team, however, the second game was a bit of a clunker and the Jeff lost 0–4.
At the time the weather was being kind and allowed the ice on Pratt Field to solidify into a fast sheet. The team got as much practice in as they could ahead of the next game and everything seemed to come together when they hosted YMCA College. Worcester was moved to center for the game which helped spur the best game for Amherst since the war. The Purple trounced the Maroons 5–0 and ended their 10-game losing streak in the process. A week later the team was widely outplayed by Massachusetts Agricultural, however, Plimpton was the star of the game and stopped 50 shots in 42 minutes of action. Unfortunately, their goaltender's heroics went for naught as the Jeffmen were beaten, 0–1.
Amherst's home stand concluded with a pair of wins over Bates and YMCA and set up a two-game series with Williams. The Ephs welcomed Amherst with one of the longest games in program history, playing three 20-minute periods rather than the then-customary 15-minute frames. The extra time didn't help the Lord Jeffs as Amherst was unable to scor in the game, though Plimpton did post another remarkable effort in the loss. The rematch saw the Purple offense show its teeth and two goals from captain Worcester led Amherst to the win.
The final game of the season was a rematch with the Mass. Aggies and was a near carbon-copy of the first. Plimpton was once more singled out for his stellar play, credited with remarkable stickwork, though not called upon nearly as much as he had been. Unfortunately, the offense was just as inept in the final game and Amherst could not get a single puck into the MAC cage. The final score was eerily similar as well with the Purples losing 0–1 to end the season. While the end wasn't what they had hoped for, the Jeffmen had done a far sight better than they had in '21 and posted their best season in over a decade.
Russell F. Neale served as team manager with William F. Whitla as his assistant.
Roster
Standings
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=12 style=";" | Regular Season
References
Amherst Mammoths men's ice hockey seasons
Amherst
Amherst
Amherst
Amherst |
76848754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw%20and%20Rare | Raw and Rare | Raw and Rare may refer to:
Raw and Rare (The Von Bondies album), 2003
Raw and Rare (Harem Scarem album), 2008 |
76848756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324%20Pac-12%20Conference%20women%27s%20basketball%20season | 2023–24 Pac-12 Conference women's basketball season | The 2023–24 Pac-12 Conference women's basketball season began with practices in October followed by the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season, which started on November 6, 2023. Conference play began on December 10, 2023. This is the twelfth season under the Pac–12 Conference name and the 38th since the conference first sponsored women's sports, including basketball, in the 1986–87 school year.
It was the final season of Pac-12 competition in its current form, with UCLA, USC, Oregon & Washington moving to the Big Ten Conference; Colorado returning to its previous home of the Big 12 Conference, with Utah, Arizona & Arizona State following suit; California and Stanford moving to the Atlantic Coast Conference, and Oregon State and Washington State moving to the West Coast Conference after the 2023–24 academic year.
The Pac-12 tournament took place on March 6−10, 2024 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena on the Las Vegas Strip, just outside the city limits of Las Vegas.
Pre-season
Regular season
Early season tournaments
Conference schedule
This table summarizes the head-to-head results between teams in conference play.
Head coaches
Note: Stats shown are before the beginning of the season. Pac-12 records are from time at current school.
Post season
Awards and honors
2023–24 Season statistic leaders
2024 WNBA draft
Home game attendance
See also
2023–24 Pac-12 Conference men's basketball season
References |
76848775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20Girl | Real Girl | Real Girl may refer to:
Real Girl (album), a 2007 album by Mutya Buena
"Real Girl" (song)
Real Girl (manga), a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Nanami Mao
Real Girl (film), a 2018 Japanese film adaptation of the manga series |
76848812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready%20for%20the%20Night | Ready for the Night | Ready for the Night may refer to:
"Ready for the Night" (song), a 2010 song by Laurent Wéry
Ready for the Night (album), a 2010 album by Laurent Wéry |
76849030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane%20Stefanski | Christiane Stefanski | Christiane Stefanski (28 December 1949 – 6 May 2024) was a Belgian francophone singer.
Biography
Born in Saint-Nicolas on 28 December 1949, Stefanski's family was of Polish origin. During her youth, she was part of several folk groups until she began singing in the 1970s. In 1980, she produced her first LP, which featured songs she covered by Anne Sylvestre, , and Gilles Servat. Her second album, titled Le pays petit, included songs by and Irène Kaufer. Later that year, she won a prize at the Festival de Spa. In 1984, she released her third album. That year, she was part of the documentary La chanson rebelle, directed by Richard Olivier.
In 1985, Stefanski participated in a youth festival in Moscow and took part in a series of tours in France and Switzerland. In 1987, she founded the band Lush Life with Jacques Stotzem, Thierry Crommen, and André Klenes. In 1994, she released her first CD, titled Carnet de doutes. In January 2007, she recorded the album Belle saison pour les volcans with Stéphane Martini, John Valcke, and Frank Wuyts. The album included her covers of songs by Anne Sylvestre, Léo Ferré, Claude Nougaro, Michèle Bernard, and .
Stefanski died in Liège on 6 May 2024, at the age of 74.
Discography
Autour des usines (1975)
Jacques Gueux (1976)
Survivre à Couvin (1978)
Contr'Eurovision (1979)
Anti-fascisme et résistance (1979)
Christiane Stefanski (1980)
Le pays petit (1982)
La ville (1983)
Paroles d'enfants (1985)
Sud (1985)
Salasa d'intérieur (1986)
Carnet de doutes (1994)
Sawoura (1997)
Belle saison pour les volcans (2007)
Droit & Dignité (2008)
References
External Links
1949 births
2024 deaths
Belgian singers
People from Saint-Nicolas, Liège |
76849106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebels%20Without%20a%20Clue | Rebels Without a Clue | Rebels Without a Clue may refer to:
Rebels Without a Clue (song), a 1988 song by The Bellamy Brothers
Rebels Without a Clue (album), a 1988 album by The Bellamy Brothers
See also
Rebel Without a Clue, a song by Bonnie Tyler |
76849343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia%20Prewett | Virginia Prewett | Virginia Prewett (1919 – April 7, 1988) was a U.S. journalist whose writing focused on Latin American affairs.
Biography
Virginia Prewett was born in Gordonsville, Tennessee, in 1919. She spent her teenage years living in Spain, then studied at Cumberland University, the University of Toulouse, and New York University.
In the 1940s, after beginning her career as a reporter at the Nashville Tennessean and Lebanon Banner, she became a foreign correspondent in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico for the Chicago Sun and Sun-Times, with her writing widely syndicated through the publication's news service. She also worked briefly on Latin American issues for the International Rescue Committee in the late '40s.
Prewett went on to cover Latin America on a freelance basis for a variety of publications, including the Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, Atlantic, New Republic, Herald Tribune, Reader's Digest, Saturday Evening Post, and Washington Times. From 1959 into the 1960s, she wrote a syndicated North American Newspaper Alliance column. Then, in the '60s and '70s, she wrote a column for the Washington Daily News. After moving to Washington, D.C., in 1966, she spent 18 years producing "The Hemisphere Hotline," a newsletter focusing on inter-American affairs.
She was the author of three books, beginning with Reportage on Mexico (1941). This was followed by The Americas and Tomorrow in 1944. In the early 1950s, Prewett temporarily left journalism and attempted to establish a farm in the forests of Brazil. This experience resulted in her 1953 memoir Beyond the Great Forest.
For her coverage of Latin America, she received a Maria Moors Cabot Prize in 1964.
Prewett, described by some as a conservative journalist, was a co-founder of the Citizens Committee for a Free Cuba. She was honored for her work by the Brazilian and Guatemalan governments, for her opposition to Juan Perón and Fidel Castro, respectively.
In 1949, she married William R. Mizelle, becoming Virginia Prewett Mizelle, but she continued to write under her maiden name.
She died in 1988 at age 69.
References
1919 births
1988 deaths
American women journalists
People from Smith County, Tennessee |
76849407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasini | Dasini | Dasini or Dasiniyya, Tasini is a Kurdish yazidi tribe and Ethnonym of Yazidis. The tribe resided near Mosul, Duhok, Sheikhan, Sinjar and all the way to the west bank of Greater Zab river.
name
The Yazidis call themselves Dāsin, Dasnī, Dasenī, plurally as Dawāsīn, duāsin, dawāšim, the origin of the name probably comes from an old Nestorian diocese.
References
Kurdish tribes
Yazidi culture
Yazidi
Yazidi history
Indigenous peoples of West Asia |
76849475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabari%20%282024%20film%29 | Sabari (2024 film) | Sabari is a 2024 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film written and directed by Anilkatz in his directorial debut and produced by Mahendra Nath Kondla. The film stars Varalaxmi Sarathkumar in the titular role alongside Mime Gopi, Ganesh Venkatraman, and Shashank. The film score was composed by Gopi Sundar, while the cinematography was done by Rahul Shrivatsav and Nani Chamidishetty, and editing was handled by Dharmendra Kakarala, respectively.
Sabari was theatrically released on 3 May 2024.
Cast
Varalaxmi Sarathkumar
Shashank
Ganesh Venkatraman
Mime Gopi
Madhunandan
Sunaina Badam
Keshav Deepak
Rajashri Nair
Ashritha Vemuganti
Archana Ananth
Krishnateja
Viva Raghava
Harshini Kodur
Reception
Critical response
Sabari received mixed reviews from critics, while audience responded more favourably.
References
External links
Indian action thriller films
Films set in Hyderabad, India
2024 action thriller films
2020s Telugu-language films |
76849565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel%20Lenhart | Hotel Lenhart | The Hotel Lenhart located in Sacramento, California is a historic hotel designed in the Italian Renaissance Revival style by architect Seadler & Hoen. Originally two separate buildings, they were conjoined in 1933 and it became one of Sacramento's leading hotels. It operated as the Capitol Park Hotel from 1966 until 2024, when it reopened for permanent homeless housing, known as the Saint Clare at Capitol Park.
References
Buildings and structures in Sacramento, California
Italian Renaissance Revival architecture in the United States
Hotels in California |
76849609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Door | Red Door | (The) Red Door may refer to:
Red Door (venue), an event and music space in Chelsea, New York City
The Red Door (restaurant), a restaurant in Seattle
Insidious: The Red Door, a 2023 American supernatural horror film
La porta rossa, lit. The Red Door, an Italian noir television series
The Red Door (The IT Crowd), an episode of the TV series The IT Crowd
Red Door, original name and signature fragrance of Elizabeth Arden, Inc.
See also
Red Doors, a 2005 American independent comedy drama film |
76849693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xabi%20Huarte | Xabi Huarte | Xabier "Xabi" Huarte Armendáriz (born 25 February 2001) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for CA Osasuna B.
Career
Born in Pamplona, Navarre, Huarte joined CA Osasuna's youth setup in 2014, aged 13. After finishing his formation, he made his senior debut with farm team CD Subiza on 25 October 2020, starting in a 1–1 Tercera División away draw against UCD Burladés.
Huarte started to feature with the reserves in February 2021, and scored his first senior goal late in the month, netting Subiza's second in a 3–3 away draw against CD River Ega. On 30 December 2022, after establishing himself as a regular starter for the B's, he renewed his contract until 2025.
In August 2023, Huarte suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury, being sidelined until February 2024. He made his first team – and La Liga – debut on 5 May, coming on as a late substitute for fellow youth graduate Iker Muñoz in a 2–0 home loss to Real Betis.
References
External links
2001 births
Living people
Footballers from Pamplona
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
La Liga players
Primera Federación players
Segunda División B players
Segunda Federación players
Tercera División players
CA Osasuna B players
CA Osasuna players |
76849784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonios%20Papadopoulos | Antonios Papadopoulos | Antonios Papadopoulos may refer to:
Antonios Papadopoulos (painter) (1439-1481), Greek painter
Antonios Papadopoulos (wrestler) (born 1964), Greek wrestler
Antonios Papadopoulos (footballer) (born 1999), German footballer
See also
Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium, football stadium in Larnaca, Cyprus |
76849788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijovi%C4%87 | Mijović | Mijović is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Carley Mijović, a.k.a. Carley Ernst (born 1994), Australian basketball player
Igor Mijović (born 1985), Serbian footballer
Luna Mijović (born 1991), Bosnian actress
Marko Mijović (born 1987), Montenegrin basketball player
Milivoje Mijović (born 1991), Serbian basketball player
Petar Mijović (born 1982), Montenegrin basketball coach
Rajko Mijović (born 1959), Serbian politician |
76849843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineapple%20mania | Pineapple mania | Pineapple mania, also known as pineapple fever, was approximately a 150-year period from the early 18th century to the mid to late 19th century when European royalty and horticulturists were obsessed with cultivating pineapple due to its novel introduction from the New World and its legendary status as a symbol of the perfect fruit. The difficulty of growing pineapples in a cold climate contributed to its scarcity and its inordinate expense, making it an elite, luxury fruit and an acknowledged symbol of great wealth, power, and status. Unlike most fruits known at the time that had a large body of knowledge and literature stretching back to antiquity, the unknown nature of the pineapple gave rise to imaginative flights of fantasy that quickly took root in popular culture. This new perception would later influence cuisine, the decorative arts, architecture, philosophy, and technology throughout Europe and the newly formed United States.
Background
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a species in the bromeliad family native to tropical America, thought to have long been cultivated by the indigenous Tupi and Guaraní people in the area of what is now known as Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela, with the plant cultivated and distributed from South America to Central America and the Caribbean islands long before the arrival of Europeans. On his second transatlantic voyage to the New World from 1493–1496, Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) arrived in the Caribbean islands in November 1493. He explored the island of Guadeloupe for six days, finding pineapple for the first time in a village inhabited by the Kalina people (Caribs). Impressed by its taste and smell, the expedition stocked up on copious amounts of the fruit to bring back to the King of Spain, but only one survived the journey. Columbus called the fruit piña de Indes ("pine of the Indians").
Columbus returned to Spain from his second voyage on June 11, 1496. He presented a single, surviving specimen of pineapple, along with other unique species he discovered, to Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. Italian historian Peter Martyr d'Anghiera (1457–1526) recorded the event in his work De Orbe Novo (1516), famously noting that the King "prefers" the pineapple "to all others", giving it the official approval of the monarchy and launching the centuries-long obsession with the fruit.
It is unknown when the first pineapple appeared in England, but it has been claimed that Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) received one as a gift in 1657. It is believed with certainty that the court of Charles II of England (1630–1685) first served and ate a pineapple during a dinner reception for the French ambassador in 1668, and this was attested to in some detail by diarist and gardener John Evelyn (1620–1706).
Horticultural technology
The technology, methods, and techniques needed for tropical pineapple cultivation in a cold climate like Europe depended on separate innovations in what over time later contributed to the development of the modern conservatory: improvements in glass pane production to capture more light, temperature regulation with the use of early alcohol thermometers, the development of pineapple pits (also known as pineries), hothouses with stoves, and the use of tanner's bark to heat the bottom of the plants. Many of these developments are attributed to various people, although Dutch cloth merchant Pieter de la Court van der Voort (1664-1739), was one of the first to experiment with them in whole or in part in his garden at Allmansgeest (later renamed Berbice) in South Holland. His father, Pieter de la Court, was credited with growing one of the first pineapples in 1658, but this is dismissed by some experts as a legend. The younger De la Court's methods and techniques did not develop in a vacuum. Dutch botanist and physician Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738) was a friend and neighbor of De la Court, and it is thought that their shared interest in experimental glasshouses, stove design and temperature control directly influenced each other. Although De la Court widely shared his ideas with visitors and those in his close network, they would remain private until he finally published them in Bijzondere aenmerkingen, or Special Remarks (1737), two years before his death.
Unheated greenhouses, like those used in an orangery, first emerged in Italian Renaissance gardens in the late 15th century, leading to its culmination in the largest of its kind at the time at the Versailles Orangerie in France. The system was designed to allow the fruit trees to be moved around in boxes, surviving in shelters during the winter with nearby fires for heat. By the mid-17th century, such systems used iron stoves fueled by coal and charcoal, but the fumes could be deadly to the plants. English gardener and founding Fellow of the Royal Society John Evelyn (1620–1706) helped contribute to the development of greenhouse heating technology with a unique design in 1664. The first stable hothouse was eventually built in 1682 for the Hortus Medicus in Amsterdam, using glass and heated by peat. It was followed by the Hortus Botanicus of Leiden in 1685 with some private estate gardens following the trend. This technology would later allow pineapple growers to maintain consistent greenhouse temperatures, but the details of how to control the temperature of the soil remained to be worked out until the early 18th century when the seldom known techniques of using tanners' bark and consistent temperature regulation with the use of thermometers became more widely known and shared.
Amateur Dutch horticulturalist Agneta Block (1629–1704) established an experimental garden at Vijverhof, her country estate in Loenen, after becoming a widow at the age of 40. Between 1685 and 1687, she made a scientific breakthrough in cultivating and fruiting the first pineapple in Europe, a fleeting and difficult endeavor that had been tried for years by professionals without success. Her technique involved the use of viable cuttings, new hothouse technology known as a pineapple pit, and the planting of pineapple slips, shoots taken from the bottom of the plant. It is believed that Block's pineapple was originally derived from cuttings from the Hortus Botanicus in Leiden, which in turn had come from the Dutch colony of Surinam in 1680. Block's status as an amateur and private individual gave her an advantage, writes food historian Garritt van Dyk, as "royal gardeners and professional botanists were unable to achieve" her breakthrough. According to van Dyk, Block's success in propagating and fruiting the pineapple for the first time was due to "the lack of institutional hierarchy and procedure" at her home at Vijverhof. This advantage, writes van Dyk, "allowed for greater freedom in methodology and experimentation outside the boundaries of accepted academic protocols and the exigencies of commercial viability".
Around 1714, Henry Telende, a Dutch gardener employed by Matthew Decker, a Dutch-born English merchant, economist, and politician, made a breakthrough in English efforts to cultivate the pineapple. Telende relied on the techniques of Pieter de la Court, building a large hothouse system that could produce more pineapples than ever before. Telende's system was fairly robust and reliable, dependent on planting slips or fruit crowns in containers in a hotbed with equal parts manure and tanner's bark to keep the bottom of the plant consistently warm. The plants would sit under a glass, lean-to greenhouse that provided the maximum amount of light until the winter, when they were then moved to a hothouse, then back again to a hotbed after the end of the winter season. Telende also made use of alcohol thermometers which helped to carefully control the climatic conditions for the very first time. Writer Richard Bradley, who had spent time in Amsterdam, would popularize Telende's technique to the horticultural community in A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening (1721), leading to what became known as pineapple mania, an explosion in pineapple cultivation in Britain.
Culture
The pineapple's association with the social class of nobility led to its widespread adoption as an architectural motif. In colonial America, pineapple architectural motifs are found as early as the 1730s, but may have become even more popular with the rise of Colonial Revival architecture in New England more than a century later in the 1870s.
By the mid-18th century, the popularity of decorative pineapple tableware had reached the American colonies, some of which were imported from Britain and Ireland. Just before the American revolution, between 1750 and 1775, silver coffeepots and teapots in the colonies displayed the British fashion for lids topped by pineapples.
By the late 18th century, both George Washington (1732–1799) and Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) were known to enjoy pineapple in the elite, English country home tradition. Washington ordered large quantities of pineapples from the West Indies, while Jefferson was known to prefer pineapple pudding at desert.
Furniture design in the newly formed United States began to branch off from its European progenitors in the 1820s, but continued to incorporate carved pineapple ornamental motifs in the neoclassical style. Needlework in 19th century America began to make use of pineapple crochet and lace designs, becoming one of the most popular motifs of the time in the textile arts.
References
Bibliography
History of the pineapple
18th-century fads and trends
19th-century fads and trends |
76849860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuoyi | Zhuoyi | Zhuoyi () is a Chinese given name. Notable people with the name include:
Chinese given names |
76849870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsie%20Etheart | Elsie Etheart | Elsie Etheart (born ) is a Haitian journalist known for founding the newspaper Haïti en Marche.
Etheart was born in Haiti in the early 1940s. She had initially planned to become a doctor but instead studied journalism in Germany. While there, she worked for Voice of Germany in Cologne.
She then returned to Haiti, where the news environment was opening slightly after the death of dictator François Duvalier She spent ten years reporting for Radio Métropole in Port-au-Prince.
In 1980, Etheart was detained and then expelled by the government of Jean-Claude Duvalier along with many of her journalist colleagues. She settled in Miami and continued her work as a journalist there. Beginning in 1982, she and her longtime collaborator Marcus Garcia broadcast the news show "Chita Tande" in Haitian Creole on WLRN-FM. Also with Garcia, in 1986, she co-founded the newspaper Haïti en Marche, which became a trusted source for members of the Haitian diaspora. Etheart served as co-editor of the publication. Due to this work, she was described as one of the "most trusted Haitian journalists in the diaspora." In 1990, she was awarded a Maria Moors Cabot Prize.
In the late 1990s, Etheart was able to return to Haiti and work as a journalist in Port-au-Prince. While there, she helped establish the station Radio Mélodie.
Until his death in 2024, she was married to the sociologist Emmanuel Bernard Etheart, with whom she had two children.
References
Living people
Haitian women journalists
Women radio journalists
Haitian exiles |
76849895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Little%20%28racing%20driver%29 | Ivan Little (racing driver) | Donald "Ivan" Little (February 23, 1938 – October 25, 2023) was a Canadian dirt modified racing driver from St. Catherines, Ontario. He competed in the Niagara Falls regions of both the United States and Canada.
Racing career
Ivan Little began racing cutdown roadsters on asphalt in the mid-1950s, but by 1965 had focused on running stock cars on the Ontario dirt ovals of Merrittville Speedway in Thorold and Speedway Park in Hamilton. He claimed the 1966 and 1983 track championships at Merrittville as well as the 1970 divisional champion at Humberstone Speedway ON, and the 1971 Modified champion at Ransomville Speedway NY. Little would also compete on the Syracuse Mile, and won the inaugural Southern Tier Open at Five Mile Point Speedway in Kirkwood NY.
Ivan Little retired from racing in 1986 with over 200 feature wins to his credit. He was inducted into the Northeast Dirt Modified Hall of Fame in 1996 and entered the St. Catharines Sports Hall of Fame in 1999.
References
External links
Merittville Memories – Ivan Little
1938 births
2023 deaths
Canadian racing drivers |
76849914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenglong | Shenglong | Zhuoyi () is a Chinese given name. Notable people with the name include:
Chinese given names |
76849973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20Eurocard%20Open%20%28February%29%20%E2%80%93%20Singles | 1995 Eurocard Open (February) – Singles | The 1995 Eurocard Open (February) – Singles was an event of the 1995 Eurocard Open (February) men's tennis tournament which was held from 20 February until 26 February 1995, at the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle in Stuttgart, Germany. The tournament was part of Championship Series of the 1995 ATP Tour. The singles draw consisted of 48 players and eight of them were seeded.
Stefan Edberg was the defending champion but did not compete in this edition.
Unseeded Richard Krajicek defeated fifth-seeded Michael Stich in the final, 7–6(7–4), 6–3, 6–7(6–8), 1–6, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
External links
ATP Singles draw
ITF tournament edition details
Singles |
76849996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20Merry%20del%20Val | Alfonso Merry del Val | Alfonso Merry del Val y Zulueta, 1st Marquess of Merry del Val GCVO CvNSC (20 April 1864 – 27 May 1943) was a Spanish diplomat.
Early life
Merry del Val was born on 20 April 1864 at 59 Queen Anne Street in Marylebone, London. He was the eldest of four sons born to Sofía Josefa de Zulueta (1839–1925) and Rafael Carlos Merry del Val. Among his younger siblings, all of whom were born in London, was Rafael Merry del Val, who became Cardinal Secretary of State to Pope Pius X. His father was a career diplomat who served as Spanish Ambassador to Belgium and to the Holy See and Minister at the Imperial Court of Vienna, and Gentlemen of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth II and Kings Alfonso XII and Alfonso XII.
His father's family were descendants of a noble Irish family, originally from County Waterford, that settled in Seville in the 18th century. His maternal grandparents were Pedro José de Zulueta, 2nd Count of Torre Díaz, and the former Sophie Anne Willcox (daughter of Brodie McGhie Willcox, MP for Southampton). Through his maternal uncle, Brodie Manuel de Zulueta, 3rd Conde de Torre Díaz, he was a first cousin of Alfonso Maria de Zulueta, 4th Count of Torre Díaz. Through another uncle, Pedro Juan de Zulueta, he was a first cousin of Francisco Maria José de Zulueta, the Regius Professor of Civil Law at the University of Oxford.
Merry del Val studied at various Jesuit colleges, first in Bournemouth, then at Beaumont College, until his family moved to Namur and Brussels in Belgium. In 1880 he entered the Catholic University of Louvain, graduating in 1884.
Career
In 1882 he entered the diplomatic career during the Restoration, and his first assignment was in Brussels as an attaché to the embassy of which his father was head. In the early part of the 20th century, he taught English to the young King Alfonso XIII, then became his personal assistant. From then on, and throughout his life, he was closely affiliated with the King.
In 1908, he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary in Tangier with the difficult task of resolving the conflicts caused by the activities of the Spanish Rif Mines Company and the claims of independence of Sultan Mulay Hafid. The failure of his mission and the subsequent outbreak of the Melilla War in 1909 brought instability to Spanish politics. After the events of the Tragic Week in Barcelona, the government of Prime Minister Antonio Maura fell, and Merry del Val was replaced by Luis Valera, the Marquess of Villasinda.
He was assigned again to Brussels, where he remained until April 1913 when he was appointed Ambassador to the United Kingdom, replacing the Marquess of Villa-Urrutia. His Anglophile tendencies and his familiarity with the British language, culture and high society greatly facilitated his mission at the Court of George V, marked by good relations between both monarchies. Following Irish independence in 1922, he negotiated the establishment of diplomatic relations between Spain and the new Irish Free State. He remained in London until he resigned in 1931, following the proclamation of the Second Republic after the deposition of King Alfonso XIII. He was replaced by the writer Ramón Pérez de Ayala, who was in favor with the new regime. He retired to Biarritz.
In 1936, at the outbreak of the Civil War, he left Spain and returned to London. In 1938, he negotiated with the British authorities the recognition of the Government at Burgos, acting alongside the Duke of Alba as unofficial representative of Gen. Francisco Franco. The Second Republic was eventually dissolved in 1939 after surrendering in the Spanish Civil War to the Nationalists led by Franco.
Honours
On 16 March 1913, he was invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order. In 1925, King Alfonso XIII elevated him to the Peerage of Spain as the Marquess of Merry del Val. He was also made a Knight of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa by King Manuel II of Portugal, corresponding academician of the Royal Academy of History and was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
Personal life
In 1901, Merry del Val married María de Alzola y González de Castejón (1879–1959) in Bilbao. She was a daughter of Don Pablo de Alzola y Minondo, a chamberlain to the King who was a member of the Senate of Spain, and María de las Mercedes González de Castejón y Torre. While in England, Maria was a friend of diarist Henry Channon. Together, they were the parents of two children:
Alfonso Merry del Val y Alzola, 2nd Marquess of Merry del Val (1903–1975), who was also a diplomat serving as the Spanish Ambassador to the United States and Japan; he married his cousin, María del Carmen de Gurtubay y Alzola, Marchioness of Yurreta y Gamboa. They divorced and he married Mercedes de Ocio y Ureta.
Pablo Merry del Val y Alzola, the Chief Liaison Officer for the foreign press under Franco; he married María Melgarejo y Heredia.
The Marquess died on 27 May 1943 in San Sebastián.
References
External links
Alfonso Merry del Val y Zulueta (1864-1943), Spanish ambassador to England at the National Portrait Gallery, London
1864 births
1943 deaths
People educated at Beaumont College
Marquesses of Spain
Ambassadors of Spain to Morocco
Ambassadors of Spain to Belgium
Ambassadors of Spain to Austria
Ambassadors of Spain to the United Kingdom
Spanish diplomats
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa |
76850099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alipe%20Reylof | Alipe Reylof | Alipe Reylof (1612–1682) was a theologian from the Habsburg Netherlands.
Life
Born in 1612, Reylof joined the Augustinian Hermits and made his profession in 1632. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1636. He taught philosophy at his order's house in Ghent for six years, and later theology in Bruges and Leuven. In 1652 he was appointed prior in Ypres, and in 1655 in Ghent. On 15 October 1671 the general of his order awarded him a doctorate of theology. Towards the end of his life he resigned from teaching and scholarship to focus on preaching and providing spiritual direction. He died in Ghent on 30 December 1682.
Writings
Libri de anima ad mentem Sancti Augustini (Ghent: Maximiliaan Graet, 1664); dedicated to Gerelinus Borluut.
References
1612 births
1682 deaths
Augustinian friars
Roman Catholic theologians from the Spanish Netherlands |
76850124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Smeulders | Paul Smeulders | Paul Smeulders (; born 15 July 1987) is a Dutch politician of GroenLinks.
Education and career
Born in Helmond, Smeulders studied public administration successively at the Avans University of Applied Sciences and Tilburg University between 2004 and 2010. He worked as a public affairs adviser at Vereniging Natuurmonumenten, and he became a member of the Provincial Council of North Brabant in 2011, serving as GroenLinks's parliamentary leader. Smeulders left the council in 2014 to become alderman for finances, sustainability, and land in Helmond.
He did not secure a seat in the House of Representatives in the 2017 general election, but he was appointed to the body in June 2018 to succeed Linda Voortman. Smeulders lost his bid for re-election in 2021, bringing his membership of the House to an end on 30 March. He was appointed alderman for finances, housing, and refugees in Arnhem the following year after having formed the municipality's executive as (in)formateur. He announced in 2024 that Arnhem would house 1,700 asylum seekers for the next 30 years – 980 more than required by the national government – and he signaled that refugees were welcome.
References
Living people
1987 births
21st-century Dutch politicians
Avans University of Applied Sciences alumni
Tilburg University alumni
Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)
Aldermen in North Brabant
Aldermen in Gelderland
Members of the Provincial Council of North Brabant
GroenLinks politicians |
76850140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Road%20to%20Le%20Mans | 2024 Road to Le Mans | The 9th Road to Le Mans Cup was a sports car race held on 14 and 15 June 2024 at the Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans, France. The race featured LMP3 and GT3 category cars competing in their respective classes.
Entry list
Reserve entries
In addition to the sixty-two entries given invitations for the race, seven entries are put on a reserve list to potentially replace any invitations that were not accepted or withdrawn. Reserve entries are ordered with the first reserve replacing the first withdrawal from the race, regardless of the class of either entry.
Free Practice
Qualifying
Provisional pole positions in each class are denoted in bold.
Race 1
Race 2
Races
Race 1 Result
Race 2 Result
References
Notes
External links
Road to Le Mans
Road to Le Mans |
76850228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSGB | NSGB | NSGB may refer to:
Dutch Painters' Assistants' Union, a Dutch trade union representing workers in the painting and decorating trades
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, a United States military base in Cuba |
76850235 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safinia | Safinia | Safinia may refer to:
Farhad Safinia (born 1975), Iranian-American screenwriter, producer and director
Safinia gens, a plebeian family in ancient Rome |
76850261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangyang | Kangyang | Kangyang may refer to:
Kangyang, Qinghai, a town in Qinghai, China
Kangyang station, a railway station in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea
Zhang Kangyang (born 1991), Chinese businessman |
76850311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delotto | Delotto | Delotto or DeLotto is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Bert Delotto (1919–1991), American politician
Mike DeLotto (1912–1983), American football coach |
76850354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Naze%20%28James%20Ross%20Island%29 | The Naze (James Ross Island) | The Naze () is a peninsula in north James Ross Island, marking the southeast entrance to Herbert Sound and extending about northeast from Terrapin Hill toward the south-central shore of Vega Island.
Location
The Naze is to the east of Croft Bay extending north into Herbert Sound towards Vega Island.
It is east of Ulu Peninsula, which forms the west side of Croft Bay, and north of Mount Haddington.
Discovery and name
The Naze was discovered and named "Nasudden" by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition (SwedAE), 1901-04, under Otto Nordenskjöld.
The recommended form is the English version used by Nordenskjold.
Features
Terrapin Hill
.
Rounded, reddish-colored hill, high high, standing at the south end of The Naze.
This area was first explored by the SwedAE, 1901-04, under Otto Nordenskjöld.
Terrapin Hill was first charted by the FIDS, 1945, who in 1948 applied this name which is descriptive of its shape.
Fortress Hill
.
A hill, high, which stands north of Terrapin Hill in northern James Ross Island.
Charted in 1946 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), who gave this descriptive name.
Hurst Bay
.
A small bay on the east side of The Naze.
Following hydrographic work in the area from HMS Endurance, 1981-82, named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) after Commander William E. Hurst, RN, the ship's navigating officer.
Dagger Peak
.
Rock peak rising steeply from sea level to about high at the west end of Comb Ridge, located near the extremity of The Naze.
This area was first explored in 1902 by the SwedAE under Otto Nordenskjöld.
The peak was charted and given this descriptive name by the FIDS in 1945.
Comb Ridge
.
A ridge which rises to high and forms the east and major part of the hill at the extremity of The Naze.
Probably first sighted in 1902 by the SwedAE under Otto Nordenskjöld.
It was charted and given this descriptive name by the FIDS in 1946.
References
Sources
James Ross Island |
76850376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%27Shaun | Tre'Shaun | Tre'Shaun or Tre'shaun is an English-language masculine given name, a combination of the popular element tre and the name Shaun, which means "God is gracious". It is often found among African Americans. Notable people with the given name include:
Tre'Shaun Fletcher (born 1994), American basketball player
Tre'Shaun Harrison (born 2000), American football player
Tre Mann (born 2001), American basketball player
Masculine given names
African-American masculine given names
English-language masculine given names |
76850411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20American%20Samoan%20general%20election | 1996 American Samoan general election | General elections were held in American Samoa on 5 November 1996, to elect a new governor and lieutenant governor, twenty members of the American Samoa House of Representatives and the Delegate to United States House of Representatives.
Results
Governor
House of Representatives
Delegate
References
Elections in American Samoa
American Samoa gubernatorial elections
American Samoa
1996
American Samoa |
76850447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prathamesh | Prathamesh | Prathamesh is an Indian masculine given name. Notable people with the given name include:
Prathamesh Dake (born 1991), Indian cricketer
Prathamesh Gawas (born 1994), Indian cricketer
Prathamesh Jawkar ( 2022–present), Indian archer
Prathamesh Laghate ( 2010–present), Indian singer
Prathamesh Maulingkar (born 1991), Indian model and footballer
Prathamesh Mokal (born 1983), Indian chess player
Prathamesh Parab (born 1993), Indian actor
Masculine given names
Indian masculine given names |
76850726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliwa%20Abbey | Oliwa Abbey | The Oliwa Abbey was the Cistercian monastic community in Oliwa (now a district of Gdańsk), the oldest monastic establishment in Gdańsk Pomerania, which existed continuously from 1188 to 1831, and from 1466 to 1772 consistently sided with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in its ongoing disputes with Gdańsk. The monastery buildings were repeatedly destroyed by pagan Prussians, Brandenburgers, Teutonic Knights, Hussites, Swedes, Russians, and the people of Gdańsk itself. In the twilight years of its existence, the abbey became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 following the First Partition of Poland. Due to Prussian dissolution policies, the Cistercian order was abolished in 1831.
Establishment
From the mid-12th century, numerous Cistercian monasteries were established in the Polish lands, especially in Greater Poland, Pomerania, western Lesser Poland, and Silesia: Łekno (1153), Lubiąż (1163), Kołbacz (1173), Ląd (1173), Sulejów (1176), Wąchock (1179), Koprzywnica (1185), Mogiła (1222), Henryków (1227), and others. Somewhat later, a few Cistercian convents were established: Trzebnica (1203), Ołobok (1211), and Owińska (1250).
The composition of the convents was overwhelmingly foreign. The Cistercians of Lesser Poland originated from Morimond in Burgundy (now in Champagne), and until the late Middle Ages, French and Italians predominated here. In the convents in other regions, there were mostly Germans – only the citizens of Cologne were admitted to the Greater Polish Łekno, Ląd, or Obra (1240) (a filial of the Cistercian abbey in Altenberg near Cologne). In Kołbacz and its subsequent filials, Danes dominated.
Without the orders – both in terms of secular and ecclesiastical authorities – the process of civilization and Christianization of the Polish territories would undoubtedly have proceeded much more slowly. The monks brought with them a broad knowledge of literature, architecture, agriculture, various crafts, and, above all, management. Their activities laid the foundation for the structure of the Piast states during the period of territorial fragmentation.
The idea of bringing the Cistercians to Pomerania is attributed in the chronicles of the Oliwa Abbey to the Gdańsk duke Sobieslaw I. In reality, the founder was the son of Sobieslaw, Duke Sambor I, who in 1186 brought them from Kołbacz: The Pomeranian Duke Sambor settled the Cistercian order in a place called Oliwa. The group of monks was led by the Dane Bernard Dithard, who became the first abbot. The Kołbacz Abbey was a filial of the Danish Esrum Abbey, so the monks who came to Oliwa were probably mostly from Denmark.
On 18 March 1188, the foundation act was ceremonially signed in Gdańsk. The monastery received valuable privileges enabling it to derive income from fishing and mills on the Oliwa Stream. It also received several villages, including the one that the monks named: Olyva, ubi coenobium constructum est (English: Oliwa, where the community is being built). Among linguists, there has long been a dispute over the origin of this name, with most agreeing that the etymology should be sought in the Slavic name of the river Oława, mistakenly associated by the monks who did not know the old Kashubian language with an olive, and consequently with the Mount of Olives.
The original monastery consisted of only twelve monks. Therefore, they limited themselves to building a Romanesque oratory and wooden residential buildings. Only in the first half of the 13th century was the oratory adapted into a chancel, elongated chapels were added on both sides, characteristic of the Cistercian church in Fontenay, on the plans of which many Cistercian temples were modeled. At that time, the transept and the main body of the church were built, with a length of four bays of the current nave, as well as the first brick monastery buildings. Around 1300, the Church of St. James was also built, intended – as a parish church – for the local population.
Under the rule of the dukes of Pomerania
Around 1195, the monks from the Oliwa Abbey were removed, and new ones were sent from Kołbacz; presumably, it was due to disciplinary issues. However, the abbey flourished, and the generous donations of the dukes meant that by the end of the 13th century, the Oliwa Abbey owned 50 villages, a fishing station on the now practically nonexistent Zaspa Lake with a fleet of 40 boats, as well as exclusive rights to use the Strzyża stream and have mills on it, not to mention tithes from tariffs and Gdańsk taverns: decimam etiam de omnibus tabernis.
In 1226, the monastery was plundered and burned by pagan Prussians, and the monks were massacred in front of the inhabitants. Soon after, new monks arrived from Kołbacz and began rebuilding, but in 1236, the Prussians returned, burning the buildings and killing six monks and thirty-four servants. The first of these attacks led Pope Honorius III to exempt the Cistercians of Oliwa from tithes. The abbey also experienced several raids by the Teutonic Knights; in 1246, the knights burnt down the monastery, and in 1247 and 1252, they plundered it. These were retaliatory strikes on the lands of Świętopełk II, whom the Teutonic Knights suspected of inciting the Prussians to revolt.
In 1294, another guardian of the abbey, Duke Mestwin II, died. In 1274, he had prohibited outsiders from logging in the forests belonging to the Oliwa Abbey. He was buried in the monastery church, like other Pomeranian rulers.
For Mestwin's funeral, Przemysł II – the Duke of Greater Poland, who, under an earlier agreement, inherited power in Pomerania – came to Oliwa. The unification of both regions opened the way for his coronation. However, he did not reign for long; he was murdered in 1296. For the next dozen or so years, Pomerania changed hands. First, its ruler was Duke Władysław I Łokietek, but in 1300, Wenceslaus II, ruling in Bohemia, became the king of Poland. In 1305, he was succeeded by Wenceslaus III, but before he could settle on the throne, he was assassinated in 1306. At that time, Pomerania was again taken over by Władysław Łokietek, who was gathering Polish lands, but soon he lost it. In 1308, nearby Gdańsk was occupied by the Brandenburgers, who inflicted significant damage on the abbey, which in 1310 was compensated by Margrave Waldemar, later mentioned among the benefactors of the abbey.
During the Teutonic era
After the Gdańsk massacre in 1308, Oliwa, along with the entire Pomerania, came under the Teutonic Order's rule. Abbot Rüdiger had to acknowledge the status quo. Despite this, and the confirmation in 1312 of the monastery's possessions by the Grand Master Karl von Trier, there were initially numerous disputes over property and territory between the Cistercian monastery and the Order. Therefore, at the request of the abbot of Oliwa, Pope John XXII confirmed the monastery's possessions in 1320. The bishops of Warmia and Pomesania also confirmed the monastery's property undividedness in 1323.
The abbots of Oliwa recognized the Teutonic Knights' authority. They even took their side during disputes with Poland before the pope. This did not prevent them, in 1325, despite the explicit prohibition of the Teutonic Knights, from paying Peter's Pence to the Polish bishops. Eventually, Oliwa's disputes with the Teutonic Order ceased in 1342, when Grand Master Ludolf König von Wattzau recognized all the Cistercians' claims.
On 25 March 1350, fire completely consumed the church and monastery; the fire likely broke out during the cleaning of the kitchen chimney. The church was rebuilt within five years, adopting a Gothic style. The chancel was extended eastward, and an ambulatory and an abbey chapel of the Holy Cross were built in place of the abolished chapels. The main nave was extended by four bays, giving the temple its current dimensions. During this time, a large refectory and a lavabo were also built in the monastery. Money for the reconstruction came, among other sources, from the treasury of Grand Master Heinrich Dusemer.
At the beginning of the 15th century, there was a clear relaxation of discipline, partly due to the monastery's financial situation. The Teutonic Knights imposed high taxes on the monastery's estates from 1401 to 1403 due to the escalating conflict with King Władysław II Jagiełło. This was compounded by epidemics in 1416 and 1427, followed by an invasion of Hussite Taborites allied with Poland. In 1433, Hussites led by Jan Čapek of Sány caused serious damage to the abbey and its estates, including burning down Sopot, but they did not capture Gdańsk, where the monks from Oliwa took refuge.
In 1454, the Thirteen Years' War broke out. King Casimir IV Jagiellon, at the request of the Prussian cities, declared the incorporation of Prussia. Visiting the cities of Pomerania, he visited Oliwa in 1457. The abbey supported the Prussian Confederation, providing financial support and siding with the king. The Teutonic Knights tried to regain the lost territories, so the royal troops defending Gdańsk occupied the Oliwa Abbey. 600 soldiers under Gotard of Radlin surrounded Oliwa with a ring of fortifications.
Ultimately, after 1466, as a result of the Second Peace of Thorn, Gdańsk Pomerania passed into Polish hands as Royal Prussia.
During the Reformation era
In the second half of the 15th century, attempts were made to annex the monasteries in Oliwa and Pelplin to the Polish provincial convents, but in 1487, the general chapter of the Cistercian Order in Cîteaux, Burgundy, issued a decree stating that both convents belonged to the Baltic province. Oliwa was visited by abbots from Kołbacz, which probably contributed to the removal of Abbot Piotr Smitzingius.
From 1474 to 1488, Abbot Mikołaj Muskendorf carried out renovation and construction work in the abbey and its estates. In 1516, the Oliwa Abbey provided hospitality to Albert of Prussia, which was viewed as hostile to the Crown, as during the war of 1519–1521, mercenary units from Brandenburg passed through Oliwa. The monks explained that Albert was the Grand Master of the Order, and the abbey provided him with lodging as a dignitary of the Church.
The 16th century saw increasing influences of the Reformation in Gdańsk and Pomerania. After 1525, the Pomeranian nobility, leaning towards the Reformation, began demanding that the Cistercians join the mendicant orders and leave the monastery, living on alms. King Sigismund I the Old intervened on behalf of the Oliwa Cistercians, entrusting the protection of the abbey to Voivode Jerzy Bażyński. In 1540, the Gdańsk City Council decreed that the Oliwa monastery should support education, but the abbots cited low income as a reason not to comply. In the same year, an attempt was made to transfer the estates of the Oliwa and Pelplin monasteries to the diocesan bishop, but the Pelplin abbot personally sought confirmation of his possessions from King Sigismund II Augustus. In the entire Pomeranian province, only Oliwa and Pelplin remained, as other abbeys ceased to exist.
The influences of the Reformation were also felt in Oliwa. In 1549, Lambert Schlieff, favoring Protestantism, was appointed abbot. The choice was made under pressure from the Loitz family, which had significant influence on the king. Schlieff was supported by the Bishop of Warmia. In 1555, King Sigismund Augustus granted Schlieff indygenat. The Oliwa Chronicle called Schlieff uneducated, disobedient, and wasteful of the abbey's wealth, which led to his removal from office in 1557. This was initiated by Kasper Geschkau, who accused Schlieff of various crimes. Initially, the king stopped supporting Schlieff, but under the influence of his powerful backers, he reinstated him as abbot. In 1559, on his way to the abbey, Schlieff died, but he managed to appoint his successor, Mikołaj Locka.
Mikołaj Locka obtained confirmation of his position from the king, but in Oliwa, Kasper Geschkau held office. He was removed (by royal order) only through the use of force. Mikołaj Locka assumed the office of abbot, but Geschkau sought support with all his might. In 1567, he regained royal favor, and in 1568, he reached an agreement with Mikołaj Locka, whereby he became the bishop coadjutor of the Oliwa abbey, a position that ensured succession after the death of the incumbent abbot. In 1569, Geschkau obtained the nomination and took office in Oliwa. Soon, Geschkau, along with Bishop Stanisław Karnkowski of Kuyavia and Castellan Jan Kostka of Gdańsk, stood at the head of the royal Maritime Commission and acted several times as the king's spokesmen in disputes with Gdańsk (over the church occupied by Protestants, over the Livonian War, over the fleet of privateers and over repayment of loans).
When Gdańsk rebelled against King Stephen Báthory's rule, Abbot Geschkau was already known as a supporter of the Commonwealth and had repeatedly angered the city. In February 1577, an attack by Protestant Gdańsk citizens occurred. Geschkau managed to escape, but the abbey was looted and completely burned down. Two monks were killed, and several were wounded. The surviving walls of the monastery were to be demolished by the Gdańsk citizens, but relief arrived in the form of royal troops led by starosta Ernest Wejher. A year later, Gdańsk finally recognized Báthory's authority and was forced to pay 20,000 guilders in compensation. Thanks to this, as well as the generous donations of the king and magnates, the reconstruction of the monastery could begin immediately. All monastery buildings and the church were rebuilt in their former shape and style. Only a baptismal chapel was added, along with Baroque decorations. The church began functioning again in 1583. Until then, the Cistercians had lived in the Carthusian monastery taken over by Geschkau. Kasper Geschkau died in 1584. Just before his death, the reconstruction of the old abbey palace, which, according to the Annales Monasterii Olivensis, had once been the duke's residence, was completed: ubi consuerunt habitare fundatores huius monasterii (English: where the founders of this abbey used to live).
During the reign of the House of Vasa
Jan Kostka, became the next abbot, holding this dignity from 1584 until his death in 1588. In 1587 – while he was still alive – King Sigismund III Vasa visited Oliwa and swore the pacta conventa. That year it was also agreed that the election of Oliwa abbots would be at the discretion of the bishops of Włocławek. In 1588, Dawid Konarski became abbot. During his reign, the landed estates and properties seized ten years earlier by Kasper Geschkau were returned to the Carthusian Order.
In 1594, the renovation of the church was completed. In the same year, King Sigismund, accompanied by his wife Anna, visited Oliwa. The Catholic monarch had a fondness for Oliwa – in the summer of 1598, he spent over a month in the monastery, and in the autumn, he visited Oliwa again. In 1603, he obtained from Pope Clement VIII the right for the Oliwa abbots to wear the mitre and carry the crozier. In 1623, when King Sigismund was in Gdańsk, his second wife, Constance of Austria, visited Oliwa. In 1596, the priorate was expanded. In 1603, the first pipe organ was built, followed by a pulpit in 1605. In 1604, the reconstructed Church of St. James was consecrated. In 1605 and 1608, the monastery walls were rebuilt, reflecting the real threat from the Swedes. The threat must have been significant, as it prompted the Cistercians to deposit their archives and treasury in Gdańsk. In 1616, Dawid Konarski passed away, and Adam Trebnic succeeded him as abbot.
In 1626, the monastery was plundered by Swedish forces under the command of Admiral Carl Gyllenhielm. It was during this time that the Renaissance pulpit and pipe organs were taken to the Swedish Skokloster Castle. The Oliwa convent survived the war with the Swedes in Gdańsk, returning to Oliwa in 1628. Earlier, in 1627, a battle took place between the Polish and Swedish fleets in the Gdańsk Bay. The war ended in 1629, and in 1630, Abbot Adam Trebnic passed away. Considering that the monastery had lost a significant part of its furnishings, successive abbots (Jan Grabiński, Aleksander Grabiński, Michał Konarski, and Aleksander Kęsowski) funded a new, this time Baroque, interior for the church.
In 1635, King Władysław IV, papal nuncio Honoriusz Visconti, and French envoy d'Avaux visited Oliwa. In 1646, the official welcome of the royal fiancée – Duchess Marie Louise Gonzaga of Mantua – took place in Oliwa. The duchess was greeted by a procession of diplomats and state dignitaries on behalf of King Władysław and the Commonwealth. Five years later, Marie Louise, now alongside her second husband, King John II Casimir, visited Oliwa once again.
The years from 1655 to 1660 marked another war with the Swedes, known in Poland as the "Swedish Deluge". Many monks left Oliwa during this time. The treasury and library of the monastery were moved to Gdańsk, which the Swedes failed to capture. However, the Oliwa Abbey was plundered by Swedish soldiers under Gustaf Otto Stenbock in 1656. The monks sought help from the garrison of Gdańsk, who indeed drove out the Swedes from the abbey but then themselves began to loot and demolish the monastery. The war with the Swedes concluded with negotiations in Oliwa; held in the abbey, they resulted in the signing of the peace treaty on 3 May 1660. During the negotiations, the royal court resided in Gdańsk, the Swedes were stationed in Sopot, and the French mediators resided in the monastery.
Times of "peace"
In 1665, a new building for the monastery hospital was erected, and in 1676, a printing press was established. In 1677 and 1678, King John III Sobieski visited the abbey, residing there for several months while resolving disputes between the council and the guilds. When Karol Łoknicki passed away in 1683, King Sobieski appointed Michał Antoni Hacki as the abbot of Oliwa. Hacki, who had previously served as prior since 1660, also ventured into diplomacy and clandestine services. John Sobieski appointed him as his secretary and utilized him for diplomatic missions. Hacki was an agent of the royal counterintelligence, successfully deciphering diplomatic letters from foreign powers. Upon moving to Oliwa, Hacki contributed to the development of the monastery. He funded much of the Baroque furnishings for the church, particularly the main altar completed in 1688. In 1697, when François Louis, a French candidate for the Polish crown, arrived in Oliwa, Abbot Hacki sided with his Saxon competitor, Augustus II the Strong, enabling the Polish-Saxon forces to disperse the French. In the spring of 1698, King Augustus II, hosted by Abbot Hacki, visited Oliwa to inspect the site of the battle.
During the reign of Abbot Hacki, the monumental Baroque main altar, which occupies the entire wall space and the vault of the eastern closure of the chancel, was erected in 1688. The altar is probably the work of the Gdańsk architect and sculptor Andreas Schlüter, and the painting depicting Hacki and the monks praying to the Holy Trinity, the Virgin Mary, and St. Bernard was created in the workshop of Andrzej Stech. The old monastery treasury was also rebuilt to house the pharmacy, the abbey court, the priests' and church servants' apartments, and a printing press operating from 1673 to 1744.
In 1702, during the Great Northern War, Saxon troops wintered in Oliwa, which suffered from contributions and requisitions. Kazimierz Dąbrowski succeeded the deceased Abbot Hacki in 1703. During his tenure, the tower of the Church of St. James was rebuilt in 1709 – the year of a major plague that claimed the lives of hundreds of Oliwa residents. This was one of many epidemics in Pomerania, but the Oliwa monastery felt its effects particularly strongly. Nine Cistercian pastoral ministers died consecutively in the Gate House (known since then as the "House of Pestilence"). In the following year, the General Assembly of Prussia met in Oliwa, attended by King Augustus II. The king also visited Oliwa in 1716. In 1722, Abbot Kazimierz Dąbrowski passed away, and Franciszek Mikołaj Zaleski succeeded him. In the same year, the Oliwa Shooting Brotherhood was established, responsible for assisting in the Corpus Christi processions.
In 1733, after the death of King Augustus II, the War of the Polish Succession broke out, with fighting for the throne between Augustus III and Stanisław Leszczyński. Gdańsk sided with Leszczyński, while Oliwa remained with the Wettins. Although the abbot occasionally visited Leszczyński, who resided in Gdańsk, he also sought the protection of the Russian commanders supporting Augustus. During the siege of Gdańsk in 1734, the abbey palace housed the Russian Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph von Münnich, sparing Oliwa from destruction, although other monastery properties suffered from the military actions. After the conclusion of the 145-day siege of Gdańsk, King Augustus III stayed in Oliwa, where he received the homage of the Gdańsk citizens and then held a reception in the monastery gardens in honor of his supporters, especially his patron – Empress Anna of Russia.
In 1736, King August III agreed to abide by the principle of free choice of the abbot of Oliwa. However, this was to apply only to one candidate, Jacek Rybiński, as during his lifetime, the First Partition of Poland took place, and the Prussian occupier had no intention of respecting agreements made by Polish rulers. As a token of gratitude for the preservation of the abbey, the cult of St. Oliwa was established, initiated by Hacki. In 1738, the abbot, along with prior Iwo Roweder (the abbot was one of the authors of the Oliwa Chronicle), traveled to the Cistercian authorities in Cîteaux to seek approval for the new cult on Pomeranian land. The Oliwa Shooting Brotherhood was reactivated for this purpose, to enhance the festivities associated with the introduction of the cult of St. Oliwa. The ceremonies took place from 5 to 6 June 1739, and the highlight was the transfer of the saint's relics from the Church of St. James to the monastery church. In 1739, thanks to Abbot Iwo Roweder, a philosophical-theological academy was established, which operated until 1783.
At the initiative of Abbot Rybiński, the Church of St. James was renovated in 1736 (a new dome was added), as well as the no longer existing St. Lazarus Hospice. From 1754 to 1756, a new rococo abbey palace and a new pulpit were built. Rybiński's most significant undertaking was the commissioning of new pipe organs. Initially, the abbot ordered small organs from Father Johann Wulff (in the transept of the church), then sent him at his own expense to study under the best European masters. Upon his return, Rybiński commissioned him to build the large organs in the main nave.
From Partitions to closure
The splendor of the abbey came to an end in 1772, with the First Partition of Poland, when Oliwa fell under Prussian rule. The Prussian state seized all the monastery's assets except for those within the territory of Gdańsk (which defended its independence for some time). The abbot was granted an annual pension of 4000 guilders, and the monastery received a monetary compensation. In 1782, Abbot Jacek Rybiński passed away. Bishop Ignacy Krasicki, a frequent guest at the abbey, sought his position, but the Prussian king appointed his cousin, Duke Karol von Hohenzollern, as the commendatory abbot, who also became the abbot of Pelplin.
The suddenly impoverished convent had to start selling off some of the artworks from the church furnishings. Thus, a Baroque pulpit, 8 relief biblical scenes, and 7 scenes of the Passion (probably all from the workshop of Andreas Götcken) were transferred to the parish church in Brzóza, purchased in Oliwa by General Stanisław Ożarowski.
In 1793, Karol Hohenzollern leased the nearby Pachołek Hill ( – named after the abbot) and built a scenic belvedere, later replaced by a stone observation tower. In 1798, King Frederick William II and his wife Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz visited the place. Karol honored his guests by naming one of the hills "Louise's Mountain". After Karol's death in 1803, his successor was Duke Józef Hohenzollern-Hechingen.
In 1807, the pipe organs builder, Father Michał Wulff, passed away. That same year, Gdańsk was captured by Napoleonic and Polish forces. A French lazaretto was set up in Oliwa. When the first Free City of Danzig was established, including Oliwa, the monastery ceased to receive subsidies from the Prussian state and was forced to sell silver items from the church and monastery. In 1813, there was a Russian siege of Gdańsk. After the fall of Gdańsk, Oliwa was definitively annexed to the Prussian state. In 1820, authorities issued a ban on admitting novices, and in 1829, an order for the monastery's liquidation was issued. It took place on 1 October 1831. The monastery and abbatial properties were divided between the city of Gdańsk and the Prussian king. The last abbot, Józef Hohenzollern-Hechingen, passed away in 1836. Parishes were established in place of the abbey: a Catholic one headquartered in the former monastery church and an Evangelical one in the Church of St. James.
Over the centuries, most of the monastery's industrial facilities were destroyed. There were over twenty mills along the Oliwa Stream and its tributaries, powered by water. They were numbered against the current of the stream – from Mill I in Jelitkowo to Mill XXIV in the Krzaczasty Mill Valley. The largest among them was the Water Forge, which still exists today. In the mid-18th century, the forge's tenant was required to pay the monastery 140 florins annually and supply about 485 kg of iron per year. Even in 1830, the facility produced almost 200 tons of various metal products.
The Cistercians returned to Oliwa in 1945, but they did not regain the abbey. They took over the former Evangelical church on Leśna Street (), now dedicated to Our Lady Queen of the Polish Crown, along with the building at 131 Polanki Street, converted into a convent. Their priory is under the Szczyrzyc Abbey. In 1988, a separate parish was established at the church.
See also
Oliwa
Oliwa Cathedral
History of Gdańsk
Notes
References
Bibliography
Gdańsk
Tourist attractions in Gdańsk
Cistercian monasteries in Poland
1185 establishments
Christianity in Gdańsk |
76850785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20P.%20Sinclair | Margaret P. Sinclair | Margaret Patricia Sinclair (1950–2012) was a Canadian mathematics educator whose research publications included works on the use of dynamic geometry software in mathematics education and the use of blended learning, a combination of traditional teaching and educational technology, in professional development for secondary-school teachers.
Life and work
Sinclair was born on 21 February 1950.
After a year of undergraduate study in economics at the University of Toronto, Sinclair left school, married at age 18, and began working. From 1969 to 1974 she graduated from Toronto Teacher's College (now part of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education), took correspondence courses through the University of Toronto, and taught at the elementary school level. By 1975 she left work to raise her children, two at the time and later three more.
Continuing her education by correspondence through the University of Waterloo, Sinclair completed a bachelor's degree in 1988 and returned to work as a secondary school teacher, working within the Toronto Catholic District School Board and eventually becoming a school vice principal. She earned a master's degree in education in 1995, through York University, and a Ph.D. in 2001 from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
Beginning in 2001, she taught mathematics education at York University, initially as an associate professor of education and later as a full professor and co-director of the York/Seneca Institute for Math, Science & Technology Education.
She died of cancer on 21 February 2012.
Recognition
Sinclair was posthumously named a fellow of the Fields Institute, in 2012. The Margaret Sinclair Memorial Award Recognizing Innovation and Excellence in Mathematics Education, an annual Canadian mathematics education award administered by the Fields Institute, is named in her honor.
Selected publications
References
1950 births
2012 deaths
Canadian mathematicians
Canadian women mathematicians
Mathematics educators
University of Waterloo alumni
University of Toronto alumni
York University alumni
Academic staff of York University |
76850847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20stock%20sport%20at%20the%201936%20Winter%20Olympics | Ice stock sport at the 1936 Winter Olympics | Ice stock sport was a demonstration sport at the 1936 Winter Olympics. Events were held on Lake Riessersee.
Results
Three international events were held: men's target shooting, men's distance shooting, and men's team. The top three finishers in each event are shown. Five national events open only to German athletes were also held: men's target shooting, men's distance shooting, men's team, women's target shooting, and women's team.
Men's target shooting
Men's distance shooting
Men's team
References
1936 Winter Olympics events
Ice stock sport competitions |
76850855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Bromberg | Paul Bromberg | Paul Bromberg Zilberstein (born May 20, 1952) is a Colombian physicist and politician. From 1997 to 1998 he served as Acting Mayor of Bogotá, after the resignation of his predecessor Antanas Mockus, who had resigned months earlier to begin his presidential campaign in 1997.
Notes
References
1952 births
National University of Colombia alumni
Living people
Mayors of Bogotá |
76850871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Anna | Mary Anna | Mary Anna may refer to:
Mary Anna Custis Lee (1807–1873), American wife of Robert E. Lee, slave owner, and socialite
Mary Anna Day (1852–1924), American botanist and librarian
Mary Anna Draper (1839–1914), American astronomical photographer and researcher
Mary Anna Henry (1834–1903), American diarist
Mary Anna Jackson (1831–1915), American second wife, and subsequently widow, of Stonewall Jackson
Mary Anna Marten (1929–2010), English aristocrat and landowner
Mary Anna Needell (1830–1922), English novelist
Mary Anna Wyall (1922–2017), American aviator |
76850955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20stock%20sport%20at%20the%201964%20Winter%20Olympics | Ice stock sport at the 1964 Winter Olympics | Ice stock sport was a demonstration sport at the 1964 Winter Olympics, with events held on February 8 and 9. After attempts to find a natural ice venue failed, competitions were held on training rinks for figure skating.
Results
The top three finishers in each event are shown.
Men's target shooting
Men's distance shooting
Men's distance shooting (senior)
Men's team
References
1964 Winter Olympics events
Ice stock sport competitions |
76851015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenni%20Burke | Jenni Burke | Jenni Burke (born 1971 or 1972) is an Australian former swimmer.
Burke competed at the Australian Swimming Championships where she won a gold medal in the 4 × 200m freestyle relay event in 1984, a gold medal in the 200m freestyle event and a bronze medal in the 400m freestyle event in 1985, and a silver medal in the 400m freestyle event in 1986.
She competed at the 1986 Commonwealth Games where she won a gold medal in the 4 × 200m freestyle relay event and bronze medals in the 400m freestyle and 800m freestyle events.
References
1970s births
Living people
Australian female freestyle swimmers
Swimmers at the 1986 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Medallists at the 1986 Commonwealth Games |
76851127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiri%C3%B1a%20CF | Eiriña CF | The Eiriña Club de Fútbol was a Spanish football club located in Pontevedra, Galicia, founded in 1922, and disappeared on 16 October 1941, when it merged with the Alfonso XIII CF to form the Pontevedra CF.
History
Origins
In 1921, the modest Lérez FC, encouraged by the Álvarez Limeses and the son of the Marquis of Riestra, wanted to grow, so it changed location and colors to become Eiriña FC, which became the best club in the prehistory of the Pontevedra football. Some of the members of Lérez FC were Antón Losada, Alexandre Bóveda, and Alfonso Rodríguez Castelao. The first references to Lérez FC date back to 1909, which played its games in A Xunqueira do Cobo.
Golden age
The Eiriña Club de Fútbol was founded in 1922, taking its name from the , and which wore a striped yellow and black jersey with black pants. Together with Alfonso XIII CF and the Pontevedra Athletic Club, Eiriña became one of the three most important clubs in the city in the early 1920s, competing in the until 1926, when Pontevedra AC disappeared following a decline thanks largely to the arrival of professionalism.
The other two, Eiriña FC from Campo de Pasarón and Alfonso XIII FC from Campo de Burgo, managed to survive due to their youth and organization. In April 1931, the Spanish Second Republic was established and the Alfonsista club was forced to change its name, becoming known as Pontevedra Sport Club, continuing to compete until the arrival of the Spanish Civil War; while Eiriña FC became the main club in the city, proclaiming itself Champion of Serie B in 1923 and playing in the first Category since then. The team's greatest achievement was competing in Spain's Tercera División in consecutive seasons (1929–30, 1931–32, and 1932–33). The club then won the Galicia Amateur Championships in the 1932–33 and 1933–34, before being proclaimed Champion of the inaugural Copa Galicia in 1936, beating Deportivo de La Coruña 6–4 on aggregate in the final. With the arrival of the Civil War, all regional competitions were paralyzed and football activity gradually decreased, but not before Eiriña participated in the First Category of the South Championship where they placed fifth. In the 1937–38 season, the club participated in the Galician Championship, called the Galician Army Corps Cup, where it finished fourth and last classified.
Decline and colapse
When the war ended, both Eiriña and Pontevedra SC remained active, but the great sporting and human burden made the development of both in a different panorama almost unfeasible, so the directors decided to meet and study a way out of this situation, resulting in the merger of both into a single entity that was capable of representing the city with the proper support. Thus, on 16 October 1941, the Pontevedra Club de Fútbol was established and its first president was Fernando Ponte Conde.
Notable players
Daniel Díaz de León
Honours
Real Betis
Galician Championship of Serie B:
Champions (1): 1922–23
:
Champions (2): 1932–33 and 1933–34
Copa Galicia:
Champions (1): 1936
References
Football clubs in Galicia (Spain)
Association football clubs established in 1922
Association football clubs established in 1941
1922 establishments in Spain
Football in Galicia (Spain) |
76851129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iluro%20Sport%20Club | Iluro Sport Club | The Iluro Sport Club was a Spanish multi-sport club located in Mataró, Maresme, founded in 1912, considered the predecessor of the current CE Mataró. It contested two finals of the second category Catalan Championship in 1923 and 1924.
In addition to football, the club also created its sections of field hockey in 1928, basketball in 1939, also known as Iluro BC, which won the Catalan basketball Championship in 1934. The club disappeared in 1939.
History
Beginnings of football in Mataró
The first references to football in Mataró can be found in 1901, when members of the Sociedad Colombófila Mensajera Iluro, based in the Sport Mataronés building, began to play inside the local velodrome wearing a red and white striped t-shirt. These two teams, Iluro and Mataróní, played a few matches throughout the 1910s, but football did not begin to be organized in earnest until the following decade, driven by the students of Escolapis and Valldemia schools. That first entity did not come to fruition, football continued to grow and be practiced both in streets and squares as well as in the Colegio de los Hermanos Escolapios de Santa Ana, with the first serious club emerging in early 1911, FC Catalunya de Mataró, which played on an Escolapis lot in the Lepant street, and which played two matches with a team from Vilassar de Mar on 11 February and 25 March 1911, the latter at the , located in the current Central Park. This team was only officially established in April 1911 with Salvador Garriga as its first president.
The Catalonia SC initiative had an immediate effect on another group of young people who played in the municipal park and, in that same month, members of Sport Mataronés founded the Mataró Foot-ball Club, with a board chaired by Joaquim Soler, wearing initially red and white t-shirt. As time went by, both clubs saw the need to unite to increase their social and sporting mass, being merged in December, continuing under the name Mataró FC, registering a few days later in the Catalan Football Federation where it was considered a Second Category club. The growing trend of the infant society increased and on 1 January 1912, the Campo de Fomento (Fomento Mataroní) was inaugurated, property of the aforementioned Sport Mataronés, which had been a national shooting and football field located in the current Ronda d'Alfons X, next to the Paseo de Cabanelles and the Convent of the Capuchinas. On its inauguration day, the field hosted the so-called Copa Mataró organized by "Mataró FC", having as guests FC Barcelona and Catalá SC, both from Catalonia, and according to the local press, the Blaugranas demonstrated "in every game a lot of superiority over the opposing club", beating Mataró 7–0. A few months later, on 30 June, Mataró played a friendly match against RCD Espanyol at the Campo del Fomento Mataroní, and it surprisingly won 3–2, with the chronicles of that match stating that it was "one of the most beautiful played in Mataró", and highlighted the defense made-up of Ximenes and Cuadrada, which "played extraordinarily". In addition to facing clubs around him in the Catalan football championship, Mataró FC, now wearing red and black with black pants and chaired by Josep Soler Moreu, also faced Valldemia FC, another local club born around that time that, together with the Escuelas Pías, served as a quarry for a large number of young people to train.
Iluro SC
At the end of 1912, internal disputes between members of Mataró FC ended up causing some of them to leave to found a new club where they could start again, titled Iluro Sport Club, which played their first match on 29 December, losing 3–0 to FC Vilasar. This result did not discourage the club who, wearing a black shirt with black pants, strengthened the steps to elect its first Board of Directors on 2 March 1913 with Josep Serra as president, Jaume Subirá as vice president, Pelegrí Lluriá as secretary, Joan Escapa as an accountant, and a certain Mr. Parera took care of the treasury.
With the new National Shooting Range located on the Paseo de Rocafonda used by Sport Mataronés, which was just a few hundred meters away from Campo de Fomento, Iluro SC soon gained more and more followers, until having enough to not only hold second and third teams, but also to beat Mataró FC in their intense duels, a power struggle that continued until the summer of 1915 when Mataró FC, poorly managed and with continuous changes of directors, ended up folding and disappearing. In 1914, Iluro SC contested its first regional competitions and in 1915, the club moved to the field of play of the now-defunct FC Mataró.
With hardly any opposition in the town, the club had no activity for a long time, and in 1917, the board of directors of Iluro SC demanded to use Campo de Fomento as it was better conditioned for football practice, an request that was approved and then celebrated on 8 July, inviting FC Barcelona with whom they lost 0–1. In the purely sporting aspect, the club advanced to the Second Category of the Catalan championship, finishing fifth in the 1917–18 season with a total of six participants and first in the 1918–19 and 1919–20 campaigns without being able to advance in category in a few years where changing status was not always feasible.
At the beginning of the 1920s, football fans in Mataró increased with the constitution of new societies such as the Club Deportivo Mataró, which was founded in 1922 by former Mataró FC players in an attempt to revitalize the defunct club, but Iluro SC maintained its hegemony in the Second Category where, after being sixth in the 1920–21 season, it was League champion for three consecutive seasons between 1922 and 1924, and contested two finals of the second category. In 1924, the club was finally able to ascend to Group B of the First Category, which was, de facto, the second regional level. The club debuted in 1924–25 with a magnificent second place after CD Júpiter from Barcelona, thus establishing themselves in this category, being fifth in the 1925–26 edition and seventh in the following year 1926–27 to be fourth in the season 1927–28 in times where professionalism, regularized by the Catalan Federation since 1925, meant the disappearance of CD Mataró, who could not survive such a harsh and demanding economic regime, leaving Iluro as the only banner Mataronense at the federated level.
In the 1930–31 season, with Salvador Cruixent as president, the team was one step away from gaining promotion to Primera A. On Christmas Day of 1935, the club inaugurated its new field, Les Rondes, which they lost 1–4 to CF Badalona. In the 1937–38 season, in the middle of the Spanish Civil War, the Federation organized a Catalan League with First and Second Division clubs, which allowed Iluro to finally play against the greats of Catalan football.
Decline and colapse
On 3 July 1939, due to the consequences of the war, Catalan names were prohibited, so Iluro was renamed as Club Deportivo Mataró.
Presidents
References
Defunct football clubs in Catalonia
Association football clubs established in 1912
Association football clubs established in 1939
1912 establishments in Spain
Football clubs in Barcelona
1939 disestablishments in Spain |
76851494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkiea%20austroqueenslandica | Wilkiea austroqueenslandica | Wilkiea austroqueenslandica, commonly known as smooth wilkiea or furry-flowered wilkiea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spreading shrub or small tree with egg-shaped to elliptic leaves, male and female flowers on separate plants, male flowers with about 30 stamens, female flowers with about 35 carpels, and the fruit is a glossy, olive-black drupe with an orange fruiting receptacle.
Description
Wilkiea austroqueenslandica is a shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of . Its leaves are egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base to elliptic, long and wide on a petiole long, the edges of the leaves irregularly toothed and with a prominent mid-vein. Male and female flowers are borne in leaf axils on separate plants, male flowers in clusters of 7–9, long, the individual flowers in diameter on a pedicel about long, with about 30 stamens. Female flowers are borne in clusters of 7–9, long, the individual flowers in diameter on a pedicel about long, with about 35 carpels. Flowering occurs from July to December and the fruit is a glossy, olive-black drupe, long and wide, with an orange fruiting receptacle in diameter.
Taxonomy
Wilkiea austroqueenslandica was first formally described in 1926 by Karel Domin in Bibliotheca Botanica, from specimens collected on Tamborine Mountain.
Distribution and habitat
This species of Wilkiea grows in rainforest at altitudes up to from the McPherson Range in south-east Queensland to the Richmond and Tweed Rivers in north-eastern New South Wales.
References
Monimiaceae
austroqueenslandica
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Taxa named by Karel Domin
Plants described in 1926 |
76851653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Arrow%20Kempe | John Arrow Kempe | Sir John Arrow Kempe, KCB (5 January 1846 – 4 April 1928) was a British civil servant.
Biography
John Kempe was the son of the Rev. John Edward Kempe and grandson of Alfred John Kempe. A brother was Sir Alfred Kempe; another was Harry Robert Kempe.
Educated at St Paul's School and Trinity College, Cambridge, Kempe joined the Treasury in 1867. He was assistant private secretary to Benjamin Disraeli during his short premiership in 1868 and private secretary to Sir Stafford Northcote from 1874 until 1880. He later served as private secretary to Sir Ralph Lingen and Lord Frederick Cavendish.
He was principal clerk in the Treasury from 1888 to 1894, deputy chairman of the Board of Customs from 1894 to 1904, then briefly Assistant Comptroller, and finally Comptroller and Auditor-General from 1904 until his retirement in 1911.
Family
A daughter was Dorothy Gardiner.
References
1846 births
1928 deaths
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Civil servants in HM Treasury
Civil servants in the Board of Customs
Private secretaries in the British Civil Service |
76851655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia%20Benitez | Sylvia Benitez | Sylvia Benitez (born June 27, 1957) is an American visual artist who contributed to atmospheric painting and sculptural installations. She gained recognition as the founder and president of The Gentileschi Aegis Gallery Association (GAGA).
Early life and education
Benitez was born on June 27, 1957, in Baltimore, Maryland. She pursued her Bachelor of Fine Arts degree at the University of Maryland from 1975 to 1979. Notable mentors during her academic years included David C. Driskell and Martin Puryear.
Career
Benitez's artistic journey started in the early 1980s when she embraced Arte Povera's principles during her residency in the Lower East Side of New York City. Over time, her artistic focus transitioned towards utilizing indigenous plants such as wild grape.
Benitez was amongst the 10 artists selected for the Johns Hopkins University Sculpture Biennial at Evergreen show. Her artwork has been exhibited in various prestigious venues, including Socrates Park, Wave Hill, American Craft Museum, El Museo de Historia, Anthropologia y Arte, Stone Hill Quarry Art Park, and the Whitney Museum.
Benitez has received Pollock-Krasner Foundation awards in 1997 and 2000, an Adolph and Esther Gottlieb Individual Support Grant in 2011, and multiple National Endowment for the Arts Visiting Artist Fellowships.
Exhibitions
Selected Solo/ Exhibitions
Wally Workman Gallery/ solo (2023)
South Texas College, solo/ McAllen, TX (2016)
McNay Two-Day Pop-Up Exhibit (2012)
Taller Boriqua Gallery/ Puerto Rican Workshop, Inc. NY, Patria Mia- Tierra Prometida, Y.Ramirez, curator (2000)
Wave Hill: Generated at Wave Hill commission, Beneath the Bark, Under Leaf and Log, Jennifer McGregor, curator (1999)
Group Exhibitions
Guadalupe Cultural Center, San Antonio TX, This River Here, curated Patty Ortiz (2012)
Sculpture 2000 International: New London CT, Alvin Sher, curator (2000)
Whitney Museum of American Art at Campion, Interlacings, Berta Sichel, curator (1998)
Fellowships
Following is the list of her fellowships.
2003 Vermont Studio Center, Artist Fellowship Award
2000 Virginia Center for the Creative Arts, Fellowship, Sweetbriar VA
1999 Stone Hill Quarry Art Park, Cazenovia NY
1998 Sculpture Space Fellowship, Utica NY
1996 Connemara Conservancy, Dallas TX
1992 Ucross Foundation Fellowship, Wyoming
1991 Manhattan Graphics Center Fellowship, NY
1985 MacDowell Colony Fellowship, Peterborough, New Hampshire
1984 Yaddo Fellowship, Saratoga Springs, NY
1984 MacDowell Colony Fellowship, Peterborough, NH
References
1957 births
American artists
People from Baltimore
Living people
University System of Maryland alumni |
76851858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Martin%20Winterbotham | Henry Martin Winterbotham | Sir Henry Martin Winterbotham, KCSI, JP (13 January 1847 – 6 October 1932) was a British administrator in India. A member of the Indian Civil Service, he spent his career in southern India, rising to become a member of the Madras Board of Revenue as Commissioner of Revenue Settlement, Director of Agriculture, as well as a member of the Madras Legislative Council.
References
1847 births
1932 deaths
Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India
English justices of the peace
Members of the Madras Legislative Council |
76851865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adidas%20All-Canadian%20High%20School%20Basketball%20Game | Adidas All-Canadian High School Basketball Game | The Adidas All-Canadian Basketball Game was an annual all-star game sponsored by Adidas that featured the top Canadian high school basketball prospects. The first annual event was held in May 2004 at the Hershey Centre in Missisauga.
The top 50 Canadian senior-level high school basketball players were nominated for the event. The initial list was gathered by the Canadian Sports and Media Group and experts from across the country, including college, university and high school coaches, media members, provincial sports organizations and general high school basketball experts. In addition, every major basketball publication in Canada was reviewed. The top 20 players were selected as finalists to play in the national high school all-star basketball game. The selection committee also determined the game's final lineups after they narrowed the top 50 list to twenty names.
History
1st Annual Adidas All-Canadian
The first Adidas All-Canadian game was played on May 8, 2004, at the Hershey Centre in Missisauga. The game aired live on cable sports channel The Score and it was the first-ever nationally televised game featuring the top rising high school talent across Canada. Players had the opportunity to compete in front of approximately 5,000 fans, along with scouts from top Canadian and American universities. The event featured a three-point shootout, a slam dunk competition, and an all-star game.
Oakville's Ivan Chiriaev was named the game's most valuable player as the leading scorer with a game-high of 17 points.
2nd Annual Adidas All-Canadian
The second annual Adidas-sponsored event was televised on TSN in April 2005 and took place at the Hershey Centre in Mississauga.
3rd Annual Adidas All-Canadian
The organizers of the third annual Adidas All-Canadian event selected East and West teams from a list of the top 100 high school players across Canada. In March 2006, the Adidas All-Canadian Game East Vs. West took place at the Cathedral High School in Hamilton. Over 2,100 basketball fans packed the venue to witness the East beat the 10-player West squad 96–83.
References
Basketball all-star games
Basketball competitions in Canada
High school basketball in Canada
Recurring sporting events established in 2014 |
76851895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odontella | Odontella | Odontella is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to:
Odontella (diatom), a genus of diatoms in the family Triceratiaceae
Odontella (springtail), a genus of insects in the family Odontellidae |
76852033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20New%20York%20Equal%20Protection%20of%20Law%20amendment%20referendum | 2024 New York Equal Protection of Law amendment referendum | Equal Protection of Law is a proposed amendment to the New York Constitution that could subject to a referendum on November 5, 2024.
Content
The amendment would ensure that no one in New York can be denied rights based on "ethnicity, national origin, age, and disability" or "sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy".
History
In January 2017, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo called for the right to abortion to be enshrined into the New York Constitution.
On July 1, 2022, shortly after the overturning of Roe v. Wade, the New York Senate passed the resolution in favor of the amendment by a vote of 49–14, then the New York Assembly also adopted it by a vote of 98–43.
On January 24, 2023, the New York Senate passed it by a vote of 43-20 and the New York Assembly passed it by a vote of 97–46, therefore allowed the referendum to take place.
Legal challenges
On May 7, 2024, Livingston County Supreme Court justice Daniel J. Doyle ruled that the referendum cannot take place since the New York Attorney General issued an opinion of the proposed amendment after lawmakers voted on it, rather than before.
New York Governor Kathy Hochul stated that referendum will still take place in November 2024.
References
External links
New Yorkers for Equal Rights - the coalition supporting the amendment
Abortion referendums |
76852045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent%20Party%20of%20Louisiana | Independent Party of Louisiana | The Independent Party of Louisiana is a third party in the U.S. state of Louisiana which became ballot-qualified in December 2016. It is the third largest political party in Louisiana, behind the Democratic and Republican parties, with more than 130,000 registrants as of 2023. In 2014, the legislature repealed a law preventing political parties with the word "Independent" in the name from becoming ballot-qualified. It is not affiliated with any other third or independent party in the United States.
Best results in state and federal elections
Source (From Secretary of State web site)
See also
Political party strength in Louisiana
References
Democratic Party
Regional and state political parties in the United States
Centrist political parties in the United States
Political parties in the United States |
76852135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Lowry | Nicholas Lowry | Nicholas Lowry is an auctioneer and appraiser. He is the president and principal auctioneer at Swann Galleries, and is known for appraising posters on the PBS program Antiques Roadshow.
Career
Lowry graduated from Cornell University with a bachelor's degree in history.
Lowry is the president and principal auctioneer at Swann Galleries, a New York City auction house that specializes in antique and rare works on paper. He is also the director of Swann's vintage posters department.
Lowry appears regularly on the PBS program Antiques Roadshow to appraise posters. He is known for his tartan three-piece suits and distinctive mustache.
Lowry sits on the advisory board of the Poster House museum, and is the chair of the Fine Arts Committee of the National Arts Club.
Personal life
Lowry lives in New York City. He has a Boston Terrier named Tilda.
References
Cornell University alumni
1967 births
Living people |
76852200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bozek%20%28surname%29 | Bozek (surname) | Bozek (Polish: Bożek; Czech: Božek, feminine: Božková) is a surname. Notable people include:
Edward Bozek (1950–2022), American épée fencer
Edward Bożek (born 1937), Polish sprinter
Henryk Bożek (1924–1994), Polish footballer
Josef Božek (1782–1835), Silesian engineer
Megan Bozek (born 1991), American ice hockey player
Steve Bozek (born 1960), Canadian ice hockey player
See also
Czech-language surnames
Polish-language surnames |
76852210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Akurangi | John Akurangi | John Francis Akurangi (born 24 April 1970) is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player.
Akurangi was born in Hastings and is an old boy of St Peter's College, Auckland.
A NZ Maori representative front-rower, Akurangi was in the Auckland Blues squad the won the inaugural Super 12 competition in 1996, before stints with the Crusaders and Chiefs. He played professional rugby overseas at Stade Français and SU Agen during the 1990s, then had a season with the Leicester Tigers in 1999–00.
Akurangi received a fine in 2002 for cultivating and possessing cannabis, a conviction that cost him a $1 million contract to coach a Japanese club. He then lived in Sydney for several years and during this period had an acting cameo as a bouncer on Underbelly: The Golden Mile. After moving to Italy in 2010 to coach rugby, Akurangi suffered a heart attack and had a stent inserted, which caused further issues five years later when it tore an aorta near his heart. He underwent seven hour surgery in Milan and has subsequently recovered.
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
New Zealand rugby union players
Rugby union props
Rugby union hookers
Rugby union players from Hastings, New Zealand
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players in France
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players in England
Stade Français Paris players
SU Agen Lot-et-Garonne players
Leicester Tigers players
Crusaders (rugby union) players
Chiefs (rugby union) players
Auckland rugby union players
Counties Manukau rugby union players
People educated at St Peter's College, Auckland
Māori All Blacks players |
76852220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olakunle%20Oluomo | Olakunle Oluomo | Olakunle Taiwo Oluwabukunmi Oluomo (born 11 October 1963) is a Nigerian politician currently serving as a member of the Ogun State House of Assembly. He served as the speaker of the 9th Ogun State House of Assembly from 2019 to 2023 and was re-elected speaker of the 10th assembly in June 2023 serving until January 2024 when he was impeached on allegations of financial embezzlement.
Political career
He was first elected to the 7th Ogun State assembly in 2011 on the ticket of Action Congress of Nigeria (CAN) party to represent Ifo 1 State Constituency. He served as chairman, House Committee on Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs and vice chairman House Committee on Justice, Ethics and Public Petitions. He was re-elected to the 8th assembly in 2015 on the ticket of All Progressives Congress (APC) following the merger of ACN and several other opposition parties that formed the APC. He was elected to the 9th assembly in 2019 and served as speaker of the assembly throughout the session (2015 -2023). Following his re-election in 2023, he was again elected speaker of the 10th assembly and served until January 2024 when he was removed from the position on the allegation of financial misappropriation.
References
Living people
1963 births
Nigerian politicians
Action Congress of Nigeria politicians
All Progressives Congress politicians
Legislative speakers in Nigeria |
76852353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toadman%20%28disambiguation%29 | Toadman (disambiguation) | A toadman an element in the folklore of the Fens.
Toadman, toad man or toad men may also refer to:
Enad Global 7, a video game company known formerly as Toadman Interactive
Toadman Studios, a subsidiary of Enad Global 7
Toad Man, a Mega Man character
The Tribbitites, an alien race in Marvel Comics commonly called Toad Men
See also
Toad (disambiguation)
Frogman (disambiguation) |
76852388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Lindsay | Lady Lindsay | Lady Lindsay may refer to:
Joan Lindsay (1896–1984), Australian novelist, playwright, essayist, and visual artist.
Loelia Lindsay (1902–1993), British socialite, needlewoman and magazine editor. |
76852402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidek%20Ali | Sidek Ali | Dato Paduka Haji Sidek bin Ali is a Bruneian diplomat who formerly held the position of ambassador to Laos from 2006 to 2008, high commissioner to India from 2008 to 2020, and Singapore since 2020.
Diplomatic career
In 1979, Sidek started working for the Ministry of Education as an education officer in the Brunei Civil Service. When Brunei gained independence in 1984, the Diplomatic Service Department, which he had joined in 1981, changed its name to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1997 to 1999, he was stationed in the Bruneian Embassy in Indonesia. Between 2006 and 2008, he served as Brunei's ambassador to Laos. In March 2006, he welcomed Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah and Princess Sarah during their state visit to Laos.
India
From 2008 until 2020, he served as Bruneian high commissioner to India. During his tenure in India, he served as both the non-resident ambassador of Brunei to Nepal and the non-resident high commissioner of Brunei to Sri Lanka. When Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and his delegation arrived at Palam Air Force Station on 20 December 2012, he welcomed them. He escorted Datin Romaizah to the 2018 ASIAN Summit on Education & Skills (ASES) in New Delhi. On 28 February 2019, Brunei's representative, Dato Sidek, signed the Agreement for the Exchange of Information and Assistance in Collection with regard to Taxes (TIEA) between India and Brunei. He also participated in the 2019 India ASEAN Expo and Summit on behalf of Brunei.
Singapore
As the newly appointed high commissioner to Singapore, Dato Sidek had a meeting with Al-Muhtadee Billah on 9 December 2020. On 29 September, he gave President Halimah Yacob his letter of credence during a ceremony held at the Istana. On 24 to 25 August 2022, he hosted Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and Queen Saleha during their state visit to Singapore. On 18 July 2023, the Supreme Courts of Singapore and Brunei Darussalam signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to improve cooperation, communication, and coordination on matters pertaining to the avoidance and settlement of disputes.
Personal life
Datin Mariaratnah binti Haji Mohd Apong and Sidek are married, and together they have five children.
Honours
Sidek has earned the following honours;
National
Order of Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei Second Class (DPMB; 15 July 2010) – Dato Paduka; Third Class (SMB)
Excellent Service Medal (PIKB)
Long Service Medal (PKL)
Foreign
:
Friendship Medal Award
References
1951 births
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Bruneian Muslims
Bruneian diplomats
High Commissioners of Brunei to Singapore
High Commissioners of Brunei to India
Ambassadors of Brunei to Laos |
76852414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosper%20of%20Reggio%20Emilia%20%28theologian%29 | Prosper of Reggio Emilia (theologian) | Prosper of Reggio Emilia (died 1332/1333) was an Augustinian hermit and scholar.
Prosper was born in the 1270s. He was sent by his order to study theology at the University of Paris. He served the order as a lector at Milan before returning to Paris to complete his studies. He became a Master of Theology in March 1316. In 1318, he was appointed examiner of the Augustinian schools in Italy. By 1321, he was the regent of the Augustinian studium generale in Bologna, where he taught until his death in 1332 or 1333.
Prosper's notebook survives in the Vatican Library, where it has been bound together with his extensive but incomplete commentary on the Sentences as Vat. lat. 1086. Marginal notes were added later in the 14th century. A citation of his commentary is also found in Thomas of Strasbourg's commentary. His notebook contains reports () of various quodlibeta, including his own.
Like Durand of Saint-Pourçain, Prosper attacked the then reigning theory of cognitive habits. Rather than see such habits as entities in the intellect, he views them as products of the "imaginative" or "ostensive" power of the soul to "show" things to the intellect.
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Vat. lat. 1086
1270s births
1330s deaths
People from Reggio Emilia
Augustinian friars
University of Paris alumni
14th-century Christian theologians |
76852429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonestus%20pygmaeus | Tonestus pygmaeus | Tonestus pygmaeus, the pygmy serpentweed or pygmy goldenweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to the western United States, where it is found in New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana. The occurrence of pygmy serpentweed in Montana is based solely upon historical specimens.
References
Astereae |
76852449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uche%20Ugwu | Uche Ugwu | Uche Calistus Ugwu is a Nigerian politician currently serving as the speaker of the 8th Enugu State House of Assembly since June 2023. A member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP) representing Udi North State Constituency, he was elected speaker in the Labour Party majority assembly with 14 members while the PDP has 10 members in the house. The house standing order states that only a ranking member who has served a four-year term in a state house of assembly shall be elected speaker and deputy speaker of the state assembly. All 14 LP legislators are first term members of the house. Ugwu was nominated by Iloabuchi Aniagu representing Nkanu West State Constituency and the motion was seconded by Chukwudi Nwankwos representing Awgu South. He was elected the speaker unchallenged on 13 June 2023.
Ugwu previously served as deputy speaker of the 7th assembly.
References
Nigerian politicians
Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria) politicians
Legislative speakers in Nigeria
Enugu State politicians |
76852632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Haselby | Sam Haselby | Sam Haselby is a historian and editor of Aeon Magazine.
Works
References
Historians of the United States |
76852760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outram%20Prison | Outram Prison | Outram Prison, also known as Pearl's Hill Prison or Civil Jail, was a prison at Pearl's Hill, Outram, Singapore. Originally occupied by the Civil Jail, Outram Prison was opened in 1882 and served as the main prison complex before the construction of Changi Prison in 1936.
It was demolished in 1963 and replaced by Housing and Development Board (HDB) blocks and a shopping complex.
History
Civil Jail
In 1847, Charles Edward Faber built the Civil Jail, also known as Her Majesty's Gaol, at the present site at Pearl's Hill, Outram. Two time capsules were buried at the base of the foundation, containing parchment with revenue figures and different types of currency.
In 1872, a Commission of Inquiry into the prison system suggested that current prison regimes had 'lost sight of the punitive aspect of prison life'. After the riot at Bras Basah Jail, a plan to build an extension that would be more secure was considered at either Bras Basah Jail or the Civil Jail; they later decided to build the extension at Civil Jail.
Outram Prison
When Outram Prison was built between 1879 and 1882 at the Civil Jail site by J. F. A. McNair, they adopted a more cellular concept that included stricter control of the prison perimeter. Outram Prison was also built using convict labour from Bras Basah Jail.
After the 1915 Singapore Mutiny, 47 sepoys were publicly executed by firing squad at Outram Prison while others were sentenced to imprisonment for up to 20 years. The executions were witnessed by an estimated 15,000 people.
In the 1930s, Outram Prison suffered from overcrowding and was considered a hazard. The prison was designed to hold up to 1,080 prisoners but, in the 1920s, gained an average daily number of convicts of 1,043 and had reached up to 1,311 by 1931. This led to plans for a new prison to be built at Changi.
After the construction of Changi Prison, Outram Prison was used to hold convicts serving short sentences whilst Changi Prison was used for longer sentences.
During the Japanese occupation of Singapore, Outram Prison was known as Outram Road Gaol and was controlled by the Japanese and used to hold prisoners of war. 1,470 prisoners died of starvation, torture, and diseases while only 400 survived by 1945. As a result, 44 Japanese officers were convicted of war crimes committed at Outram Prison with 3 generals executed. The prison was handed back to the British following the end of the occupation.
In 1952, a new block for female convicts was made, replacing the block for European convicts. In 1954, a new block for remanding convicts was made. In 1956, a centre for reforming youths was opened at Outram Prison, replacing the remanding block.
Demolition
In 1963, then-Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew announced plans to demolish Outram Prison and replace it with a Housing and Development Board (HDB) estate. Convicts from Outram Prison were transferred to Changi Prison and Bedok Reformation Centre.
Outram Prison was replaced by Queenstown Remand Prison in 1966, which cost to build. In 1966, works began to build 1,000 housing units and 400 shops. In 1970, public housing and a shopping complex called Outram Park Complex were built.
See also
Changi Prison
References
1882 establishments in Southeast Asia
Capital punishment in Singapore
Japanese prisoner of war and internment camps
Military of Singapore under British rule
Prisons in Singapore
British colonial prisons in Asia
World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Singapore
Execution sites
1963 disestablishments in Singapore
Outram, Singapore |
76852838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroplaca%20thisbe | Austroplaca thisbe | Austroplaca thisbe is a twig-growing species of lichen native to southern Patagonia. This species belongs to the family Teloschistaceae, which was critically studied in the 2010s. A. thisbe is a small (0.2–0.5 mm) vivid yellow flat disc-shaped lichen with a constricted base. Twig lichen, and the Teloschistaceae family in particular, suffer greatly from poor air quality, therefore the clean air of Patagonia, and specifically Tierra del Fuego of the Falkland Islands have become a haven for many species of lichen not normally seen in more polluted environments.
References
Teloschistales
Lichens described in 2023
Lichens of Argentina
Lichen species
Taxa named by Ulf Arup
Taxa named by Ulrik Søchting |
76852865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20J.%20Boyle | Andrew J. Boyle | Andrew J. Boyle (December 11, 1911 – March 1, 2001) was a career officer in the United States Army. A veteran of World War II and the 1966 Korean DMZ Conflict, Boyle attained the rank of lieutenant general. His commands included Military Assistance Advisory Group–Laos, the 25th Infantry Division, the U.S. Army Armor Center, I Corps, and V Corps. Boyle's U.S. awards included the Army Distinguished Service Medal and Legion of Merit. His foreign decorations included the Belgian Croix de Guerre and Order of Leopold, the War Cross of Norway, and South Korea's Order of Service Merit (Second Class).
A native of Braddock, Pennsylvania, Boyle was raised and educated in Baltimore, and served in the National Guard while still in high school. In 1935, he graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point and began a career in the Cavalry. Initially assigned to the 7th Cavalry Regiment, during World War II he graduated from the British Staff College, Camberley, then served on the staff of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), where he was responsible for T-Force activities throughout Europe. After the war, Boyle was an instructor at the United States Army Armor School and completed the Armor Officer Advanced Course, and he graduated from the Armed Forces Staff College in 1949. He served with the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment at Fort Meade, Maryland, and on the faculty at the Command and General Staff College, followed by attendance at the United States Army Airborne School.
In 1954, Boyle graduated from the United States Army War College, then was assigned to West Germany as commander of the 2nd Armored Division's Combat Command B, followed by assignment as the division chief of staff. His later assignments included commander of Military Assistance Advisory Group–Laos, the 25th Infantry Division, and the U.S. Army Armor Center. As a lieutenant general, Boyle commanded U.S. I Corps during the Korean DMZ Conflict, followed by command of U.S. V Corps. His last posting before his 1970 retirement was U.S. permanent military deputy to the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO).
In retirement, Boyle operated a beef cattle farm in Mitchells, Virginia and was involved in several Culpeper County charitable and civic causes. He died in Culpeper on March 1, 2001. Boyle was buried at Little Fork Burying Ground in Rixeyville, Virginia.
Early life
Andrew Jackson Boyle was born in Braddock, Pennsylvania on December 11, 1911, a son of Elmer Newton Boyle and Monica (Shaffer) Boyle. He was raised and educated in Baltimore, and graduated from Forest Park High School in 1931, where he was a member of the track and field and football teams.
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Boyle served as a private in the Maryland National Guard's 113th Ambulance Company, a unit of the 104th Medical Regiment. In 1930, he competed for an appointment to the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point available to members of the National Guard. He was the top finisher from Maryland on the examination, and went on to secure a place in the class of 1935. He completed a six-week preparatory course in the summer of 1931 and began studies at West Point that fall.
Boyle graduated from USMA in 1935 ranked 216th of 277 and received his commission as a second lieutenant of Cavalry. He was assigned to the 7th Cavalry Regiment and posted to Fort Bliss, Texas. In September 1936, Boyle married Elaine White in El Paso, Texas. They were married until his death and were the parents of a son, Andrew J. Boyle Jr.
Start of career
Boyle commanded a platoon, then a troop in the 7th Cavalry until June 1939, and he was promoted to first lieutenant in June 1938. He was a student in the Fort Riley, Kansas Cavalry Officers' Course from September 1939 to September 1940 and he was promoted to temporary captain on September 9, 1940. After graduation, he was assigned to the 3rd Cavalry Regiment at Fort Myer, Virginia, where he commanded Headquarters and Service Troop, then a squadron, and assisted in moving the regiment to Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia.
Following U.S. entry into World War II, in June 1942 he was assigned to Fort Rucker, Alabama, where he assisted in organizing the first air base security training group, which instructed specialized battalions in tactics against parachute troops. From late 1943 to January 1944, Boyle attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He then served on the staff of a Canadian armored unit in southern France until March, when he became a student at Staff College, Camberley. After graduating, he joined the staff of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), where he was responsible for T-Force activities in the European theatre. After the war, Boyle remained in Europe as deputy chief of Field Information Agency, Technical.
Continued career
After returning to the United States in 1947, Boyle spent three years as an instructor at the United States Army Armor School and completed the Armor Officer Advanced Course, which was followed by attendance at the Armed Forces Staff College, from which he graduated in 1949. He then joined the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment at Fort Meade, Maryland, first as commander of 3rd Battalion, then as the regimental executive officer. He then served for three years on the faculty at the Command and General Staff College, followed by attendance at the United States Army Airborne School.
After becoming qualified as a paratrooper, Boyle was attended the United States Army War College, from which he graduated in 1954. He was then assigned to West Germany as commander of the 2nd Armored Division's Combat Command B in Mainz, followed by assignment as the division's chief of staff in Bad Kreuznach. He was subsequently posted to Frankfurt as operations officer (G-3), on the staff of U.S. V Corps.
Boyle returned to the United States in 1957 and was assigned as deputy chief of staff for the Continental Army Command. In 1959, he was appointed president of the U.S. Army Armor Board at Fort Knox, which tested tanks and other armored vehicles and made recommendations for fielding and procurement. In 1960, Boyle was promoted to brigadier general and posted to the Kingdom of Laos as commander of the Programs Evaluation Office, a military advisory mission to the Royal Lao Armed Forces that he carried out clandestinely in order to comply with the Geneva Accords of 1954. In April 1961, he was appointed to command Military Assistance Advisory Group–Laos.
Later career
After his service in Laos, Boyle was assigned to Fort Shafter, Hawaii as operations officer (G-3) of United States Army Pacific and promoted to major general. In 1963, he was assigned as commander of the 25th Infantry Division at Schofield Barracks. In 1964, Boyle returned to Fort Knox, this time as commander of the U.S. Army Armor Center.
In 1965, Boyle was promoted to lieutenant general and assigned to command of U.S. I Corps in South Korea. During this posting, Boyle took part in the Korean DMZ Conflict. In 1967, he was assigned as commander of U.S. V Corps in West Germany. His final assignment was U.S. permanent military deputy to the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO).
Retirement and death
After Boyle's retirement, he resided on a farm, Allaway, in Mitchells, Virginia, where he raised beef cattle. He served as the first chairman of the Culpeper Planning Commission. He also served as president of the Mitchells' Ruritan Club and on the board of directors for the Culpeper Regional Hospital and the Piedmont Environmental Council. In addition, he led the effort to restore the Little Fork Church in Rixeyville and establish its cemetery, and later served as chairman of the church's building and grounds committee.
Boyle later sold his farm and moved to a home in Culpeper. He died in Culpeper on March 15, 2001. He was buried at Little Fork Burying Ground in Rixeyville.
Awards
Boyle's U.S. awards included the Army Distinguished Service Medal and the Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters. His foreign awards included the Croix de Guerre from Belgium, the Order of Leopold from Belgium, the War Cross from Norway, and South Korea's Order of Service Merit (Second Class).
References
1911 births
2001 deaths
People from Braddock, Pennsylvania
Military personnel from Baltimore
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College faculty
Joint Forces Staff College alumni
United States Army War College alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium)
Burials in Virginia |
76852927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Alfeld | Steve Alfeld | Steven Kenneth Alfeld (born 2 February 1986) is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player.
Rugby career
A half-back, Alfeld represented New Zealand at the 2005 Under 19 Rugby World Championship.
Alfeld was part of the Crusaders wider training group in 2008 when an injury to Andy Ellis saw him called into the full squad, before making his debut in round nine against the Lions in Christchurch.
Most of Alfeld's provincial rugby was played with Tasman.
In 2016/17, Alfeld had a stint in Spanish rugby, playing with Quesos .
Personal life
Alfeld was the boxing opponent of 37-year old project manager Kain Parsons who died in hospital after being knocked out in a Christchurch charity bout in 2018.
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
New Zealand rugby union players
Rugby union scrum-halves
Canterbury rugby union players
Tasman rugby union players
Crusaders (rugby union) players
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in Spain |
76852952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses%20Odunwa | Moses Odunwa | Moses Odunwa (born 1966) is a Nigerian politician currently serving as the speaker of the 7th Ebonyi State House of Assembly. A member of the All Progressives Congress (APC) representing Ikwo South, he was nominated for the speakership position by Nkemka Onuma representing Edda West State constituency and was seconded by Abiri Godwin Abiri, representing Izzi West constituency. He was elected speaker of the house unchallenged.
Odunwa was first elected to the state assembly in 2019.
References
Living people
1966 births
Nigerian politicians
All Progressives Congress politicians
Legislative speakers in Nigeria |
76853062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Blanchard%20Elder | Susan Blanchard Elder | Susan Blanchard Elder (April 19, 1835 – November 3, 1923) was an American writer known for her contributions to literature, particularly focusing on themes of family, religion, and the American South. She was born in Fort Jessup, Sabine Parish, Louisiana, to Albert Gallatin Blanchard, a military officer, and Susan Thompson. Despite her father's military obligations, which often took him away from home, Susan spent her formative years in both the North and South.
Biography
Early life and education
Elder was born on April 19, 1835, in Fort Jessup, Sabine Parish, Louisiana, to Albert Gallatin Blanchard, a military officer in both the U.S. and Confederate armies, and Susan Thompson. Following her mother's death during her childhood and her father's military duties, she spent several of her formative years living with relatives in the North. She later returned to Louisiana as a teenager and received education at the Girls' High School of New Orleans and St. Michael's Convent of the Sacred Heart in St. James Parish.
Marriage and career
During her adolescence, using the pen name "Hermine," Elder began publishing poems, essays, and stories in local newspapers. Notable examples from this period include the poems "Babies" and "First Ride." In 1855, she converted to Catholicism and married Charles D. Elder, brother of William H. Elder, the Archbishop of Cincinnati. The couple relocated to Selma, Alabama, during the Civil War, where they established their home as a Confederate hospital. After the war, they returned to New Orleans, where Elder pursued a career in education, teaching math and natural science at various institutions.
Literary contributions
Elder's literary career flourished post-war, with her writings published in several Roman Catholic periodicals. She served on the editorial staff of the Morning Star from 1882 to 1890, contributing extensively to Catholic publications. Her works encompassed a range of genres, with a particular emphasis on historical novels. Notable publications include James the Second (1874) and The Leos of the Papacy (1879).
Legacy and later years
Susan Blanchard Elder's notable literary contributions include The Life of Abbé Adrien Rouquette (1913), a biographical study of the poet-priest and missionary to the Louisiana Choctaw Native Americans. Her novel Ellen Fitzgerald (1876) and patriotic work A Mosaic of Blue and Gray (1914) reflect her interest in Southern themes.
In her later years, Elder resided in Cincinnati with her daughter until her death on November 3, 1923.
References
Bibliography
External links
1835 births
1923 deaths
American writers
19th-century American women writers |