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11422143

RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority from prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-033636, filed on Feb. 27, 2018, entitled “Sample Measuring Apparatus and Sample Measuring Method”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sample measuring apparatus and a sample measuring method for measuring a sample such as blood and the like. 2. Description of the Related Art A sample measuring apparatus includes a working unit for suctioning a liquid via a nozzle from a container containing a liquid such as a sample or a reagent (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-180605). In the sample measuring apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-180605, in order to suction a liquid such as a sample or a reagent, the switching height of the descending speed is set to be above the liquid surface height T1of the liquid in the container500, as shown inFIG. 19. The nozzle501descends at a high speed to the set switching height T2of the descending speed, and the nozzle501then descends at a low speed from the switching height T2of the descending speed and the nozzle501intrudes into the liquid. When the nozzle descends to the liquid surface height T1, the sensor502detects the contact of the nozzle501with the liquid surface, and the liquid surface height T1is obtained. Since the suction amount of the liquid and the shape of the container are known, the nozzle501enters the liquid by a depth corresponding to the suction amount of the liquid from the liquid surface height T1and stops, and suction of the liquid is performed at that position. In the sample measuring apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-180605, the descending speed of the nozzle is set to a low speed from the switching height of the descending speed, such that the nozzle enters the liquid surface at a low speed and the liquid surface can be detected with high accuracy. On the other hand, it takes time to suction the liquid, which hinders the high speed measurement of the sample since the descending speed of the nozzle is switched to a low speed. Specifically, since suction of various kinds of liquid is performed in the sample measuring apparatus, it is difficult to measure at a high speed when suction is performed by switching the descending speed of the nozzle to a low speed for any liquid as in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-80605. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first aspect of the present invention relates to a sample measuring apparatus. According to this aspect, a sample measuring apparatus (100) includes a suction unit that includes a nozzle (31) and a drive unit (37) that raises and lowers the nozzle (31), and suctions a first liquid and a second liquid that is different from the first liquid, a liquid surface detecting unit (35) that detects the liquid surface of the first liquid and the second liquid, a control unit (61a) that controls the suction unit, and a measurement unit (51) measures a measurement sample prepared from the suctioned first liquid, wherein the control unit (61a) controls the suction unit to suction the first liquid and the second liquid based on the respective liquid surface detection result of the first liquid and the second liquid detected while lowering the nozzle (31), and a second speed at which the nozzle (31) descends when detecting the liquid surface of the second liquid is faster than a first speed at which the nozzle (31) descends when detecting the liquid surface of the first liquid. In the sample measuring apparatus, the nozzle is lowered to suction the first liquid and the second liquid. The applicant has found that some of the liquids to be suctioned in the sample measuring apparatus have little influence on the measurement result of the measurement sample even if the liquid surface detection accuracy is not precise. Therefore, in the present aspect, the speed at which the nozzle is lowered is different with respect to a first liquid having a high influence on the measurement accuracy of the liquid surface detection and a second liquid having less influence on the measurement accuracy of the liquid surface detection than the first liquid. When the tip of the nozzle comes into contact with the liquid surface of the first liquid, the fluctuation of the liquid surface is slight and the tip of the nozzle is unlikely to vibrate due to the impact of the contact since the nozzle is lowered at the first speed that is slower than the second speed with respect to the second liquid. Therefore, the liquid surface of the first liquid can be accurately detected as compared with the second liquid, and since a precise amount of the first liquid is suctioned, the measurement of the measurement sample prepared by the first liquid is performed accurately. On the other hand, since the influence of the second liquid on the measurement of the measurement sample is slight, it is unnecessary to suction an accurate amount of the second liquid as compared with the first liquid and precise detection of the liquid surface is unnecessary. Therefore, it is possible to lower the nozzle at a high speed with respect to the second liquid. As described above, with respect to the first liquid having a high influence on the measurement accuracy of the liquid surface detection and the second liquid having a lesser influence on the measurement accuracy of the liquid surface detection smaller than the first liquid, it becomes possible to increase the speed of measurement by lowering the nozzle at a second speed that is faster than the first speed for the second liquid. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, the second liquid may be a cleaning liquid for cleaning the nozzle (31). Since the cleaning liquid is only required to wash the nozzle and has little influence on the measurement of the measurement sample, it is unnecessary to suction such a precise amount as compared to suctioning the first liquid. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect the control unit (61a) lowers the nozzle (31) in the acceleration/deceleration drive mode including a period of acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration with respect to the second liquid, and the liquid surface detecting unit (35) is caused to detect the liquid surface of the second liquid during the deceleration period of the acceleration/deceleration drive mode. Although precise detection of the liquid surface of the second liquid has less influence on the measurement of the measurement sample, it is desirable to detect the liquid surface as accurately as possible. Therefore, liquid surface detection is performed during the deceleration period of descent of the nozzle. The sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect includes a liquid storage unit (41,42,43,44) for storing a fixed amount of the second liquid and a memory for storing a liquid surface height (hC2) of the second liquid in the liquid storage unit (41,42,43,44), whereby that the control unit (61a) controls the liquid storage unit (41,42,43,44) such that the nozzle (31) also may be lowered to the height (hC2) below the liquid surface of the fixed amount of the second liquid stored in the liquid storage unit (41,42,42,44). The second height is determined in advance by adding a predetermined margin value to the suction amount of the second liquid and stored in the storage unit; it is possible to reliably suction the second liquid by a predetermined amount by lowering the nozzle to the second height. The sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect may further include a storage unit that stores the second height (hC2), and the control unit (61a) may lower the nozzle (31) to the second height (hC2) of the second liquid by the acceleration/deceleration drive mode that includes each period of acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration. By lowering the nozzle to the second height by the acceleration/deceleration drive mode, it is possible to reach the second height at high speed. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, the first liquid may be a sample or a reagent. If the amounts of sample or reagent to be suctioned are different, the amount to be dispensed changes, and the reaction between the sample and the reagent necessary for measurement is affected. Therefore, the influence on the measurement result is large due to the difference between the suction amounts of the sample and the reagent, and suction an accurate suction amount is required. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, the first liquid may be plasma separated by centrifuging whole blood contained in a sample container (10). If the sample is blood plasma and the measurement is coagulation measurement, it is preferable to descend more cautiously. The reasons will be explained below. When the whole blood is centrifuged, a layer of platelets and white blood cells called buffy coat is formed between the plasma region and the erythrocyte region in the sample container. Incorporation of the buffy coat into the sample affects measurements related to blood coagulation tests and may cause false positives in analyses based on the measurements related to blood coagulation tests. When performing a blood coagulation test, the nozzle may descend too much when the nozzle is lowered at a high speed, that is, an overrun may occur, and however, nozzle overrun in the descent may be prevented by lowering the nozzle at a low speed and detecting the liquid surface. As a result, contamination by buffy coat relative to the sample used for coagulation measurement can be suppressed. Hence, measurement related to the blood coagulation test can be performed appropriately. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, after the control unit (61a) controls the suction unit to lower the nozzle (31) by the acceleration/deceleration drive mode including acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration to the first liquid, the nozzle (31) then may be lowered at a fixed constant speed by the constant speed drive mode so that the liquid surface detecting unit (35) then detects the liquid surface of the first liquid during the lowering of the nozzle (31) by the constant speed drive mode. It is possible to lower the nozzle quickly and accurately detect the liquid surface by lowering the nozzle at high speed by the acceleration/deceleration drive mode and thereafter lowering the nozzle by the low speed constant speed drive mode to detect the liquid surface. The sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect further includes a memory for storing the first heights (hS1, hR1, hR1-1), and the control unit (61a) controls the suction unit to lower the nozzle (31) to the first height (hS1, hR1, hR1-1) by the acceleration/deceleration drive mode including acceleration, constant speed, then lowers the nozzle (31) from the first height (hS1, hR1, hR1-1) at constant speed by the constant speed drive mode. The nozzle can be lowered at high speed by the acceleration/deceleration drive mode, and thereafter the nozzle can be lowered at low speed by the constant speed drive mode if the first height is set to be a position sufficiently apart from any level of the liquid surface of the first liquid and thereafter lower the nozzle (31) from the first height by switching the acceleration/deceleration drive mode to the constant speed drive mode, whereby the nozzle can be lowered quickly and the liquid surface can be detected accurately. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, when the liquid surface detection result of the first liquid and the second liquid is within the predetermined range, the control unit (61a) may control the suction unit so as to suction the first liquid and the second liquid, respectively. The predetermined amount can be reliably suctioned by performing suction only when the liquid surface height is within the predetermined range with respect to each of the first liquid and the second liquid. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, the control unit (61a) also may output information indicating abnormality and/or stop the measurement by the measurement unit (51) when the liquid surface detection result of the first liquid or the second liquid is not within the predetermined range. The operator can know of the abnormality of the liquid surface detection result. When the liquid surface detection result is not within the predetermined range, the nozzle cannot suction each liquid by a predetermined amount, and accurate measurement cannot be performed even when measurement is performed using the liquid suctioned by the nozzle. It is possible to prevent incorrect measurement from being performed by having the control unit stop the measurement. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, a liquid storing unit (41,42,43,44) for storing a fixed amount of a second liquid, a second liquid supply unit (41c) for supplying a fixed amount of second liquid to the liquid storage unit (41,42,43,44), and a liquid discharge unit (41c) for discharging the second liquid stored in the liquid storage unit (41,42,43,44) are provided, such that the control unit (61a) outputs information indicating a supply anomaly as abnormality information when the liquid surface detection result exceeds the lower limit of the predetermined range, and outputs information indicating a discharge abnormality of the second liquid as information indicating the abnormality when the liquid surface detection result of the second liquid exceeds the upper limit of the predetermined range. The second liquid is stored in the liquid storage unit from the liquid supply unit at the time of cleaning the nozzle, and is discharged from the liquid discharge unit after the nozzle is cleaned. The control unit can detect a supply abnormality and a discharge abnormality of the second liquid by determining an appropriate predetermined range of the liquid surface of the second liquid. The sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect is provided with a liquid storage unit (41,42,43,44) for storing a fixed amount of cleaning liquid, and the control unit (61a) controls the suction unit so as to discharge the suctioned cleaning liquid into a liquid storage unit (41,42,43,44). It is possible to clean the flow path inside the nozzle by discharging after the nozzle suctions the cleaning liquid. The sample measuring apparatus of this aspect also includes a liquid discharge unit (41c) for discharging the cleaning liquid stored in the liquid storage unit (41,42,43,44) after the cleaning liquid is suctioned. When the residual cleaning liquid from the liquid storage unit is not discharged after suctioning the cleaning liquid and the suctioned cleaning liquid is discharged from the nozzle, the cleaning liquid that contains contaminants of the flow path of the nozzle is returned to the inside of the liquid storage unit and the outer circumferential surface of the nozzle is contaminated. However, in the present aspect, after suctioning the cleaning liquid, the cleaning liquid is discharged from the liquid storage unit and thereafter the cleaning liquid suctioned from the nozzle is discharged, so that the discharged cleaning liquid is discharged from the bottom part of the liquid storage unit and does not contaminate the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, the drive unit (37) is a stepping motor, and the control unit (61a) uses the number of pulses of the pulse signals supplied to the stepping motor when the liquid surface is detected as the liquid surface detection result. By driving the nozzle using the stepping motor, the number of pulses of the pulse signals supplied to the stepping motor can be used as a value corresponding to the liquid surface height. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, the liquid surface detecting unit (35) detects the contact between the nozzle (31) and each of the first liquid and the second liquid, thereby detecting the liquid surface of each of the first liquid and the second liquid. By detecting the contact between the tip of the nozzle and each of the first liquid and the second liquid, it is possible to reliably detect the liquid surface. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, it is preferable that the liquid surface detecting unit (35) is an electrostatic capacitance sensor. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, the first liquid is a sample or a reagent, the second liquid is a cleaning liquid for cleaning the nozzle (31); and, for the second liquid, the control unit (61a) controls the suction unit to lower the nozzle (31) by the acceleration/deceleration drive mode including each period of acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration and the liquid surface detecting unit detect the liquid surface of the second liquid during the deceleration period of the acceleration/deceleration drive mode, then after lowering the nozzle (31) by the acceleration/deceleration drive mode including acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration with respect to the first liquid, the nozzle (31) also may be lowered at a constant speed by the constant speed drive mode to detect the liquid surface of the first liquid during descending by the constant speed drive mode. The speed at which the nozzle is lowered is different for the reagent or sample due to the large influence on the measurement accuracy of the liquid surface detection of the reagent or the sample, whereas the influence of the speed of descent of the nozzle on liquid surface detection relative to the cleaning liquid is less than that of the reagent or the sample. The liquid surface of the cleaning liquid is detected when the descent of the nozzle is by the deceleration period of the acceleration/deceleration drive mode, and the liquid surface of the sample or reagent is detected when the nozzle is lowered by the constant speed drive mode. As compared with a reagent or a sample, it is not necessary for the cleaning liquid to be suctioned an accurate amount, and the accuracy of detecting the liquid surface need not be high. Therefore, the second speed at which the nozzle descends at the time of detecting the liquid surface of the cleaning liquid can be faster than the first speed at which the nozzle descends when the liquid surface of the reagent or sample is detected. The sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect includes a liquid storage unit (41,42,43,44) for storing a fixed amount of the second liquid, the first liquid is a sample or a reagent, and the second liquid is a cleaning liquid for cleaning the nozzle (31), and the control unit (61a) may control the suction unit to lower the nozzle (31) to a second height (hC2) below the liquid surface of the fixed amount of the second liquid stored in the liquid storage unit (41,42,43,44). The cleaning liquid can be reliably suctioned by lowering the nozzle to the second height. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, the liquid storage unit (41) may be a cleaning tank. In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, the liquid supply unit (41c) may be a pipe connected to the liquid storage unit (41). In the sample measuring apparatus according to this aspect, the liquid discharge unit (41c) may be a pipe connected to the liquid storage unit (41). A second aspect of the present invention relates to a sample measuring method. The sample measuring method according to this aspect includes step of suctioning a first liquid based on the liquid surface detection result of the first liquid detected while the nozzle (31) descends at a first speed, a step of suctioning a second liquid based on a liquid surface detection result of the second liquid detected while the nozzle (31) descends at a second speed that is faster than the first speed, and a step of measuring a measurement sample prepared with the suctioned first liquid. According to the sample measuring method of this aspect, the nozzle is lowered at different speeds with respect to each of the first liquid for which measurement accuracy of liquid surface detection is highly influenced by the nozzle descent speed and the second liquid for which measurement accuracy of the liquid surface detection is less influenced than the first liquid, that is, it is possible to perform accurate measurement while speeding up the measurement of the second liquid by lowering the nozzle at a second speed faster than the first speed. In the sample measuring method according to this aspect, it is preferable that the first liquid is a sample contained in a sample container. In the sample measuring method according to this aspect, it is preferable that the first liquid is a reagent contained in a reagent container. If the amounts of sample or reagent to be suctioned are different, the amount to be dispensed changes, and the reaction between the sample and the reagent necessary for measurement is affected. Therefore, the influence on the measurement result is large due to the difference in the suction amount of the sample and the reagent, hence, it is necessary to suction an accurate suction amount and accurate liquid surface detection is required. In the sample measuring method according to this aspect, it is preferable that the second liquid is a cleaning liquid contained in a cleaning tank and used for cleaning the nozzle. Since the cleaning liquid is only required to wash the nozzle and has little influence on the measurement of the measurement sample, it is unnecessary to suction such a precise amount as compared to suctioning the first liquid. According to the present invention, it is possible to perform accurate measurement while speeding up the measurement.

11429267

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The invention is generally related to the area of multimedia technologies in consumer electronics industry. In particular, the invention is related to techniques for managing a playlist for playback, wherein the playlist is structured based on metadata to accommodate as many items as desired in a limited memory space without compromising the manageability of the playlist. The Background of Related Art The desire of enjoying multimedia productions such as music audio or video has been growing along with the advance of technologies in the consumer electronics industry. With the proliferation of the digital multimedia, a user can easily possess a large collection of audio or video files. One of the preferable ways to listen to or view these files is to play the files in accordance with a playlist. The playlist is an ordered list of a group of multimedia items. A player can play all items in the playlist, one after another in a certain order. In general, a user would create a playlist suited for his/her personal preference. Using a playlist, a person can choose only the audios or videos he/she likes and skip over others. For example, a person likes only to listen to a couple of tracks in an album including many tracks, or a particular album or few audio tracks from a selected artist. A playlist can be helpful and used to organize the selected items and skip over those unselected without further interventions from a user. Traditionally, the playlist employs a linear data structure to store information of each item in the memory. The information contains an address identifier (e.g., Uniform Resource Locator or URL) that points to a playable media source and a name identifier for identifying the playable source (e.g., a name of a track, or a string including a name of the track plus an artist name, a name of an album and/or a type of music). Using a playlist for audios as an example, a user can add tracks to the playlist by browsing a music library first and then selecting either one track or a group of tracks in the music library. As the number of favorable tracks in a playlist increases, it would be difficult or tedious to manage the playlist. For example, it is assumed that a person has a collection of music library with 5000 song tracks in several albums as shown inFIG. 6. If a playlist600was to be created to include personal favorable tracks that take up only 25% of the entire collection, the playlist600will have 1250 tracks. Deleting, adding or swapping the positions of tracks is a matter of managing the playlist600of 1250 tracks. However, if the collection further increases, the playlist600would grow into a lengthy list (e.g., greater than 10,000 tracks) that would eventually defeat the purpose of having a playlist, because the structure of such playlist is not meant for managing so many tracks. For example, when a new album or a group of tracks is added into a playlist, depending on the location the new album is added in the playlist, many items originally in the playlist will be sequentially shifted to accommodate the individual items in the album or the group. The added individual items do not preserve the group information as to the origin of the source (e.g., which album these tracks are from or information regarding an operation of how they are added). After some manipulations on the playlist (e.g., random play, adding new tracks, or re-ordering of tracks), when an album is to be deleted from the playlist, such operation could be difficult because no exact information is available as to which items belong to the album. Often, a user has to go through the entire playlist to manually select those that are believed belong to the album for deletion from the playlist. There is, therefore, a need for managing a playlist with intelligent and flexible manipulation. To accommodate a growing playlist, there is another need for solutions that manage the playlist with as many items as desired, in a given memory space, without sacrificing the manageability of the playlist. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of the present invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions in this section as well as in the abstract or the title of this description may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and the title. Such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In general, the present invention pertains to managing a playlist in a multimedia system. One exemplary multimedia system is a multi-zone audio system with terminal players in respective zones. According to one aspect of the present invention, a playlist is managed through a controlling device that may include, but not be limited to, a remote controller, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a hand-held computing device, a laptop computer, or a desk top computer. From the perspective of a user, a playlist contemplated in the present invention appears to contain an “unlimited” number of items without compromising the manageability of such playlist. In one embodiment, each of the items is associated with metadata that includes information related to, for example, artist, album, genre, composer, and track number thereof, or information regarding an operation of how the item is added. The metadata for each item may be parsed, updated or logically operated to facilitate the management of the playlist. In another embodiment, each of the items is either a single item or a group item. As used hereinafter, a single item is an item pertaining to a track that, once executed or played, can be reproduced in sound or video while a group item, also referred to herein as a container, contains at least one item that may be a single item or a group item. In other words, a group item may be structured as nested directories, each containing a predefined category of single items. A single item contains metadata of a corresponding source. A group item contains metadata of accessing other items that again may be a single item or a group item. Depending on implementation, the metadata may be a set of expressions or logic operations to indicate, for example, where sources are ultimately located, how tracks are related to a type (e.g., artist, album or genre) or how items are added into a playlist. In one embodiment, instead of storing in the memory the metadata of all items in all group items in a playlist, only the metadata of a predefined number of the group items or at a top level is physically stored in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. This is significant improvement in terms of memory usage, because there could be hundreds or even thousands of single items within a group item. As a result, the playlist can accommodate as many items as desired in a limited memory space without compromising the manageability of the playlist. According to another aspect of the present invention, a configurable module is implemented in the controlling device that provides interactive user interface for managing the playlist, and causes corresponding sources to be downloaded or streamed into a player or a group of players for playback. Various logic expressions may be entered via the graphic user interface to manipulate a playlist. The present invention may be implemented in many forms including software, hardware or a combination of both. According to one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method for managing a playlist. The method comprises: receiving the playlist structured to include at least one item, the playlist including metadata associated with the item; and determining whether the item is a single item or a group item. When the item is activated for playback, playing the item if the item is a single item, or traversing the item to obtain some of group items therein for playback if the item is a group item. According to another embodiment, the present invention is another method for managing a playlist, the method comprises: displaying the playlist on a display screen, the playlist including a plurality of items, each of the items associating with a set of metadata, wherein the metadata includes a plurality of tags, each identifying one aspect of the item. The method further comprises accepting a logic expression provided by a user, performing an operation on the playlist in accordance with the logic expression; and displaying an updated playlist. According to still another embodiment, the present invention is an apparatus for managing a playlist, the apparatus may include, but not be limited to, a remote controller, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a hand-held computing device, a laptop computer, or a desk top computer. The apparatus comprises: a display screen; a screen driver coupled to the display screen; a memory for storing instructions for an application module; a network interface to communicate with a data network to control one or more players; a processor coupled to the screen driver, and the memory, the processor executing the instructions to cause the apparatus to perform operations of: receiving the playlist structured to include a plurality of items, each of the items associated with a set of metadata that collects whatever information is available from a track or an album and in return pinpoints how each of the items is related to the track or the album; searching the metadata in accordance with an entry from a user, wherein the searching is performed in the metadata; and updating the metadata after an action pertaining to the entry is executed to the playlist. One of the objects, features, and advantages of the present invention is to provide a mechanism that manages a playlist including as many items as desired without sacrificing the manageability of the playlist. Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon examining the following detailed description of an embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the attached drawings.

11525492

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to a vibration-proof mount which is interposed between a vibration device including vibration sources (for example, an engine including cylinders) and elastic members (for example, metallic springs) disposed on a foundation surface. BACKGROUND Conventionally, in an engine mounted with respect to a foundation surface (fixed engine), a vibration-proof mount is interposed between the engine and metallic springs disposed on the foundation surface so as to prevent a vibration generated in the engine from being transmitted to the foundation surface. As the vibration-proof mount of this type, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of making an upper frame supporting an engine and a lower frame arranged below the upper frame from a plurality of mold steels. CITATION LIST Patent Literature Patent Document 1: JP2008-196640A SUMMARY Technical Problem Meanwhile, from viewpoints of a manufacturing cost and a transportation cost of a vibration-proof mount, the vibration-proof mount desirably has a light weight. However, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 does not consider reducing the weight of the vibration-proof mount at all. At least some embodiments of the present invention was made under the above background, and an object of the at least some embodiments of the present invention is to provide a vibration-proof mount which has a lighter weight than a conventional vibration-proof mount. Solution to Problem (1) A vibration-proof mount according to at least one embodiment of the present invention is a vibration-proof mount which is interposed between a vibration device including a vibration source and an elastic member disposed on a foundation surface, the vibration-proof mount including an upper base plate including a first mounting portion where the vibration device is mounted, a lower base pate arranged below the upper base plate and supporting the upper base plate, and a plurality of connecting members connecting the upper base plate and the lower base plate, the plurality of connecting members including at least two or more first connecting members disposed between the first mounting portion and the lower base plate at intervals from one another. The first mounting portion is configured to have higher rigidity than the lower base plate. With the above configuration (1), a load from the vibration device is applied to the first mounting portion where the vibration device is mounted. Then, the load applied to the first mounting portion is applied to the lower base plate by the plurality of connecting members which include at least the two or more first connecting members disposed between the first mounting portion and the lower base plate at intervals from one another. Then, the first mounting portion is configured to have higher rigidity than the lower base plate. Thus, since deformation in the first mounting portion owing to the load applied from the vibration device is reduced as compared with a case in which the first mounting portion has lower rigidity than the lower base plate, it is possible to more dispersedly apply, to the lower base plate, the load from the vibration device applied to the first mounting portion. Thus, since the load from the vibration device is more dispersedly applied to the lower base plate, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the lower base plate, and thus to reduce the weight of the entire vibration-proof mount than ever before. In particular, in a case in which the vibration device includes a plurality of vibration sources, for example, if the plurality of vibration sources respectively have different vibration timings, the magnitude, the direction, the position, or the like of the load applied to the first mounting portion may periodically change. With the above configuration (1), even if the magnitude, the direction, the position, or the like of the load applied to the first mounting portion periodically changes, it is possible to widely and dispersedly apply, to the lower base plate, the load from the vibration device applied to the first mounting portion in each cycle. (2) In some embodiments, in the above configuration (1), the upper base plate further includes a second mounting portion where a connected device is mounted, the connected device being connected to the vibration device via a connecting portion, and the second mounting portion is configured to be thinner than the first mounting portion. In many cases, the load of the connected device (for example, a generator) applied to the second mounting portion is smaller than the load of the vibration device (for example, an engine) applied to the first mounting portion. Thus, the second mounting portion is deformed less than the first mounting portion. That is, the load applied to the second mounting portion is applied to the lower base plate more widely and dispersedly than the load applied to the first mounting portion. Accordingly, with the above configuration (2), since the second mounting portion is configured to be thinner than the first mounting portion, it is possible to further reduce the weight of the entire vibration-proof mount. (3) In some embodiments, in the above configuration (2), the connecting portion is configured to restrain a vibration generated from the vibration device from being transmitted to the connected device, and the upper base plate includes a separating portion separating the first mounting portion from the second mounting portion. The second mounting portion has, as loads applied thereto, the load from the connected device mounted on the second mounting portion and a load owing to the vibration of the vibration device transmitted to the second mounting portion. With the above configuration (3), with the connecting portion and the separating portion, it is possible to reduce the load applied to the second mounting portion due to the vibration generated from the vibration device. Thus, it is possible to further reduce the thickness of the second mounting portion. The separating portion can further prevent the vibration generated from the vibration device from being transmitted to the second mounting portion as compared with the following configuration (4). (4) In some embodiments, in the above configuration (2), the connecting portion is configured to restrain a vibration generated from the vibration device from being transmitted to the connected device, and the upper base plate includes a linking portion linking the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion, the linking portion being made of a member which is softer than the first mounting portion. With the above configuration (4), with the connecting portion and the linking portion, it is possible to reduce the load applied to the second mounting portion due to the vibration generated from the vibration device. Thus, it is possible to further reduce the thickness of the second mounting portion. In addition, since the linking portion links the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion, for example, it is possible to dispersedly apply, to the lower base plate, the load from the vibration device applied to the first mounting portion, via the second connecting member to be described below. That is, it is possible to apply, to the lower base plate, the load applied to the first mounting portion and the loads applied to the second mounting portion more dispersedly than the above configuration (3). (5) In some embodiments, in any one of the above configurations (2) to (4), the plurality of connecting members include a second connecting member disposed between the second mounting portion and the lower base plate, and the first connecting members are configured to have higher rigidity than the second connecting member. With the above configuration (5), it is possible to reduce the deformation in the first connecting members as compared with a case in which the first connecting members have rigidity similar to the second connecting member. (6) In some embodiments, in any one of the above configurations (2) to (5), the vibration device is constituted by an engine, and the connected device is constituted by a generator driven by the engine. With the above configuration (6), it is possible to apply the vibration-proof mount to a generating device including the engine and the generator. (7) In some embodiments, in the above configuration (6), the first connecting members each have a plate-like shape, a housing space portion defined by the first connecting members and the lower base plate is formed between the first mounting portion and the lower base plate, and at least a part of an oil pan of the engine is housed in the housing space portion while being spaced apart from the lower base plate. With the above configuration (7), since at least the part of the oil pan of the engine is housed in the housing space portion defined between the first mounting portion and the lower base plate, it is possible to lower the engine mounted on the first mounting portion. In addition, since the at least the part of the oil pan of the engine is housed in the housing space portion while being spaced apart from the lower base plate, it is possible to prevent the vibration generated in the engine from being transmitted to the lower base plate without intervening the plurality of connecting members. Advantageous Effects According to at least an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a vibration-proof mount which has a lighter weight than a conventional vibration-proof mount.

11327026

TECHNICAL FIELD The described embodiments relate generally to faceted structure analysis and grading. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Faceted structures are often mounted in jewelry and other accessories. Rings, bracelets, necklaces, glasses, and watches are commonly adorned with faceted structures that provide visual appeal to these items. The visual appeal results in part from the illumination properties of the faceted structure. As light enters the faceted structure, some of the entering light is internally reflected within the structure and redirected to the eye of an observer. This effect makes the faceted structure appear illuminated. One popular type of faceted structure is a diamond gemstone. Quality of diamond gemstones is typically assessed by carat weight, color grade, clarity grade, and cut grade. Carat weight has units of metric carats. One carat is equal to 0.2 grams. The weight of a diamond gemstone is determined by first measuring a volume of the diamond gemstone. When the diamond gemstone is mounted in a setting, not all dimensions of the gemstone are readily available for measurement. Highly skilled gemologists are able to estimate the volume using calipers despite the gemstone being mounted in the setting. However, reliability is an issue. For example, one gemologist might have different estimates of volume than another gemologist. While variation in volume might appear slight, any variation in volume might have significant cost implications due to the extraordinary value of some diamonds. In addition, it is highly desirable to maintain the reputation of a gemologist and variations in weight estimation places the reputation of the gemologist in jeopardy. Another way to ascertain the dimensions of the mounted gemstone is to remove the gemstone from the setting. After removal, the gemstone is weighed using a scale and the gemstone is re-mounted in the setting. Although this provides a precise estimate of gemstone volume and weight, this technique risks damage to the setting. Moreover, some items with mounted settings have significant emotional value as in the case of family heirlooms. Additionally, removal of the gemstone from the setting exposes the gemologists to risk of real or perceived loss of the gemstone. Gemstone dimensions are often useful in other aspects of the gemstone industry. Gemstone dimensions are commonly used in identifying and tracking particular gemstones. For example, an entity that distributes gemstones might sell an item with a mounted gemstone to a customer. At some later time, the customer may return the item with the mounted gemstone for repair, trade-in, or consignment. It is usually desirable to validate that the item with the mounted gemstone is the same as the original item that was provided to the customer initially at the earlier date. However, due to the physical qualities of many settings, it is difficult to reliably and consistently obtain some of the critical dimensions of the mounted gemstone. A solution that overcomes these challenges is desirable. SUMMARY A faceted structure analysis system comprises a faceted structure imaging assembly and a faceted structure image analyzer. The faceted structure analysis system is operable to obtain dimensions used to determine volume and to obtain signature information of the faceted structure. The faceted structure analysis system operates while the faceted structure is in a mounted setting and does not require all aspects of the faceted structure to be visible to obtain either the dimensions or the signature information. Typical mounted settings hide the culet from view which is useful in ascertaining a depth of the faceted structure. The depth in turn is used to determine the volume and carat weight of the faceted structure. The faceted structure analysis system estimates the depth and other various dimensions of the faceted structure while in the mounted setting and while various aspects of the faceted structure are not readily accessible. The faceted structure imaging assembly includes an image sensor, a faceted structure holder, a cylinder having an aperture and a plurality of color features along an inner surface of the cylinder, and a light source. The faceted structure holder holds and retains a faceted structure. The faceted structure holder is disposed above the light source and below the image sensor. The image sensor is in a downward facing orientation configured to capture and sense image information along an upper surface of faceted structure retained by the faceted structure holder. In one example, the faceted structure holder is an amount of foam having an opening that receives the faceted structure in the mounted setting, and a telecentric lens is used by the image sensor to generate images of the faceted structure. The faceted structure imaging assembly is operable in a first mode and in a second mode. In the first mode, the faceted structure imaging assembly obtains an image of a top surface of the faceted structure. The faceted structure imaging assembly does not employ the cylinder or the light source when configured in the first mode. In the second mode, the cylinder is placed above the light source such that the cylinder surrounds the faceted structure holder and the light source is activated. Colored light is reflected from the color features disposed along the inner surface of the cylinder and onto the faceted structure. The faceted structure, in turn, redirects some of the reflected color light through the aperture of the cylinder. The image sensor captures the redirected colored light. The redirected colored light indicates angular spectrum information of the faceted structure. The angular spectrum information of the faceted structure is used to compare to other angular spectrum information to obtain critical dimensions useful in assessing the volume of the faceted structure and is also used to validate a source of the faceted structure. In one embodiment, the faceted structure analysis system is configured to determine carat weight of a gemstone while in a mounted setting. In a first mode, the imaging assembly obtains a first image of a top surface of the gemstone. The faceted structure image analyzer uses the first image to obtain at least one dimension of the gemstone. For example, the faceted structure image analyzer uses the first image to obtain a table length and a diameter of the gemstone. In a second mode, the imaging assembly obtains a second image of the top gemstone surface while a colored light pattern is reflected onto the gemstone. The image analyzer uses the second image to obtain at least one other gemstone dimension by comparing the second image to reference images. The reference images have known dimensions, such as crown angles and pavilion angles. In one example, the reference images are generated digitally. As a result of the comparing, dimensions of the faceted structure are obtained. The image analyzer uses the dimensions obtained from the first and second images to determine weight information of the gemstone. The faceted structure analysis system is used to quickly determine gemstone weight reliably and consistently without skilled gemologists and without needing to remove the gemstone from the setting. In another embodiment, signature information of a gemstone is obtained using a faceted structure analysis system. The signature information is compared to stored signature information. The signature information includes angular spectrum information generated by the imaging assembly while a colored light pattern is reflected onto the gemstone. For example, the angular spectrum information is obtained while the faceted structure imaging system is operating in the second mode. The signature information uniquely identifies the gemstone and indicates whether an entity was the source of the gemstone. The signature information comparison involves comparing an angular spectrum image obtained by the imaging assembly to stored angular spectrum images. In one example, the faceted structure analysis system compares the obtained signature information to stored signature information to validate a source of the gemstone. In another example, the faceted structure analysis system obtains signature information of the gemstone and forwards the signature information to a remote validation system. The remote validation system compares the signature information to stored signature information. The remote validation system forwards a validation result to the faceted structure analysis system. The validation result received from the remote validation system is used to validate a source of the gemstone. Further details and embodiments and methods are described in the detailed description below. This summary does not purport to define the invention. The invention is defined by the claims.

11440830

BACKGROUND It is known to fusion draw molten material off a root of a forming wedge into a glass ribbon. It is also known to provide the forming wedge with edge directors to minimize attenuation of the width of the glass ribbon. However, excess cooling of the molten material contacting the surface of the edge directors may undesirably result in devitrification of the molten material into glass deposits on the surfaces of the edge directors. If allowed to form, such glass deposits may periodically break off and form imperfections in the glass ribbon. Furthermore, such glass deposits may reduce the wettability of the surfaces of the edge directors in contact with the molten material, thereby causing the molten material to prematurely pull away from the edge directors. Premature pulling away of the molten material from the edge directors can reduce fusion quality of the outer edge of the glass ribbon and result in undesired variation the width of the glass ribbon. SUMMARY The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure to provide a basic understanding of some exemplary embodiments described in the detailed description. Unless otherwise noted, any of the example embodiments discussed below may optionally be used in combination with any one or more of the other embodiments discussed below. The present disclosure relates generally to edge directors and, more particularly, to edge directors that include a heating device positioned within an interior cavity. In accordance with some embodiments, an apparatus can include a wedge including a pair of inclined surface portions converging along a downstream direction to form a root of the wedge. The apparatus can further include an edge director intersecting with at least one of the pair of inclined surface portions. The edge director can include an interior cavity. The apparatus can also include a heating device positioned within the interior cavity. The heating device may include a plurality of heating segments at least partially encapsulated within a monolithic block. In another embodiment, the heating segments can include a plurality of coils of wire. In another embodiment, each of the plurality of coils of wire may include windings that are wound about a corresponding linear coil axis. In another embodiment, a bracket can retain the heating device within the interior cavity. In some embodiments, a method of fabricating the apparatus of any of the embodiments above can include arranging the plurality of heating segments at an orientation relative to one another. The method can further include moving material around the heating segments to at least partially encapsulate the heating segments within a common body of the material. The method can further include converting the common body of the material into the monolithic block containing all of the heating segments of the heating device. In another embodiment, the method can include the plurality of heating segments being arranged within the interior cavity of the edge director and the material can be moved around the heating segments within the interior cavity of the edge director such that the common body of the material may be contained within the interior cavity of the edge director. The method can further include converting the common body of the material into the monolithic block while being positioned within the interior cavity of the edge director. In another embodiment, the method can include positioning the heating device within the interior cavity after converting the common body of the material into the monolithic block. In another embodiment, the method can include arranging the plurality of heating segments at the orientation relative to one another within a forming cavity of a mold. The method can further include moving the material around the heating segments within the forming cavity of the mold to at least partially encapsulate the heating segments within the common body of the material. The method can further include converting the common body of the material into the monolithic block while the plurality of heating segments are positioned within the forming cavity of the mold. In another embodiment, the method can include removing the mold from the monolithic block prior to positioning the heating device within the interior cavity. In another embodiment, the method can provide that the material may be moved around the heating segments includes cement. In another embodiment, at least one alignment pin can interact with at least one heating segment of the plurality of heating segments to arrange the plurality of heating segments at the orientation relative to one another. In another embodiment, an apparatus can include a wedge including a pair of inclined surface portions converging along a downstream direction to form a root of the wedge. The apparatus can further include an edge director intersecting with at least one of the pair of inclined surface portions. The edge director can include an interior cavity. The apparatus can also include a plurality of coils of wire positioned within the interior cavity. Each of the plurality of coils of wire can include windings that are wound about a corresponding linear coil axis extending in the downstream direction. In another embodiment, the wire of each of the plurality of coils of wire is solid. In another embodiment, each linear coil axis can extend along a common direction. In another embodiment, the plurality of coils of wire can include at least a first set of coils of wire aligned along a first row, and a second set of coils of wire aligned along a second row offset from the first row. In another embodiment, the second set of coils of wire can be staggered relative to the first set of coils of wire. In another embodiment, at least one coil of wire can include windings that are wound about an alignment pin having an alignment axis extending in the downstream direction. In another embodiment, the plurality of coils of wire may each be at least partially encapsulated within a monolithic block positioned within the interior cavity. In another embodiment, the monolithic block may include cement. In another embodiment, a bracket can retain the monolithic block within the interior cavity. In another embodiment, a method of fabricating the apparatus of any of the embodiments above can include arranging the plurality of coils of wire. The method can further include moving material around the plurality of coils of wire to at least partially encapsulate each of the plurality of coils of wire within a common body of the material. The method can further include converting the common body of the material into a monolithic block containing each of the plurality of coils of wire. In another embodiment, each of the plurality of coils of wire can be arranged within the interior cavity of the edge director. The material can be moved around each of the plurality of coils of wire within the interior cavity of the edge director such that the common body of the material may be contained within the interior cavity of the edge director. The common body of the material may be converted into the monolithic block while being positioned within the interior cavity of the edge director. In another embodiment, wherein the each of the plurality of coils of wire may be positioned within the interior cavity after converting the common body of the material into the monolithic block. In another embodiment, the method can include arranging each of the plurality of coils of wire within a forming cavity of a mold. The method can further include moving the material around each of the plurality of coils of wire to at least partially encapsulate each of the plurality of coils of wire within the common body of the material. The method can further include converting the common body of the material into the monolithic block while each of the plurality of coils of wire is positioned within the forming cavity of the mold. In another embodiment, the method can include removing the mold from the monolithic block prior to positioning each of the plurality of coils of wire within the interior cavity. In another embodiment, the method can further include inserting at least one alignment pin through a central axial path of at least one of the plurality of coils of wire and mounting the alignment pin to the mold to align the plurality of coils of wire at a predetermined orientation within the forming cavity of the mold. In another embodiment, the material that is moved around each of the plurality of coils of wire can include cement. In another embodiment, the monolithic block can include alumina. In another embodiment, the alumina can include from 95% to 98% of the monolithic block. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description present embodiments of the present disclosure, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the embodiments as they are described and claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations thereof.

11532433

BACKGROUND Because of the advantages offered by electroplating, such as cost efficiency, ease of fabrication and scalability, shape controllability, and the ability to integrate with other micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) processes, the electrodeposition of cobalt-platinum (CoPt) permanent magnets has been widely studied as an attractive and practical fabrication technique for various MEMS applications. Because most MEMS are built on substrates, it is also desirable to have a process to integrate CoPt permanent magnets onto substrates. Generally, however, a silicon substrate, for example, is not electrically conductive enough to use electroplating to form CoPt permanent magnets on the Si substrate, or there may be dielectric layers on the Si substrate which prevent the use of electroplating processes. Therefore, it is necessary and customary to use an electrically conductive seed layer (e.g., a copper (Cu) seed layer) onto which electroplated CoPt films can be deposited. Once formed, CoPt layers require a high-temperature (e.g., between about 500-750° C.) heat treatment, such as an annealing treatment or step, to induce a phase transition for desirable magnetic properties. Unfortunately, this high temperature step creates a variety of challenges for the integration of CoPt permanent magnets on substrates.

11523469

This application is a U.S. National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/EP2018/067176 filed Jun. 27, 2018, which was published in English on Jan. 3, 2019 as International Publication No. WO 2019/002330 A1. International Application No. PCT/EP2018/067176 claims priority to European Application No. 17178380.6 filed Jun. 28, 2017. The present invention relates to an electrical heating assembly of an aerosol-generating device for resistively heating an aerosol-forming substrate. The invention further relates to an aerosol-generating device comprising such a heating assembly as well as to a method for resistively heating an aerosol-forming substrate. Generating aerosols by resistively heating an aerosol-forming substrate is generally known from prior art. For this, an aerosol-forming substrate which is capable of forming an inhalable aerosol upon heating is brought in thermal proximity of or even direct physical contact with a resistive heating element. The heating element comprises an electrically conductive material which heats up due to the Joule effect when passing a DC (direct current) driving current therethrough. The heating element may be, for example, a ceramic blade having an electrically conductive metal track formed thereon which heats up when passing a DC driving current through the track. However, due the fragile nature of the ceramic material such heating blades have an increased risk of breakage, in particular when being brought in and out of contact with the aerosol-forming substrate. Alternatively, the heating blade may be made of metal. However, metals have a very low DC resistance which results in low heating efficiencies, adverse power losses and unreproducible heating results. Apart from that, resistive heating typically requires some kind of temperature control in order to avoid an undesired overheating of the aerosol-forming substrate. Therefore, it would be desirable to have an electrical heating assembly, an aerosol-generating device and a method for resistively heating an aerosol-forming substrate with the advantages of prior art solutions but without their limitations. In particular, it would be desirable to have a heating assembly, an aerosol-generating device and a heating method providing a robust, efficient a possibility for resistively heating an aerosol-forming substrate without the risk of undesired overheating. According to the invention there is provided an electrical heating assembly of an aerosol-generating device for resistively heating an aerosol-forming substrate. The heating assembly comprises a control circuit configured to provide an AC (alternating current) driving current. The heating assembly further comprises an electrically resistive heating element comprising an electrically conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material for heating the aerosol-forming substrate. The heating element is operatively coupled with the control circuit and configured to heat up due to Joule heating when passing an AC driving current—provided by the control circuit—through the heating element. As such, it is the electrically conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material of the heating element which the AC driving current passes through. According to the invention, it has been recognized that the effective resistance and, thus, the heating efficiency of an electrically conductive heating element can be significantly increased by passing an AC driving current, instead of a DC driving current, through the heating element. Unlike DC currents, AC currents mainly flow at the ‘skin’ of an electrical conductor between an outer surface of the conductor and a level called the skin depth. The AC current density is largest near the surface of the conductor, and decreases with greater depths in the conductor. With increasing frequency of the AC driving current, the skin depth decreases which causes the effective cross-section of the conductor to decrease and thus the effective resistance of the conductor to increase. This phenomenon is known as skin effect which basically is due to opposing eddy currents induced by the changing magnetic field resulting from the AC driving current. Operating the heating element using an AC driving current furthermore allows the heating element to be substantially made or to substantially consist of an electrically conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, in particular solid material while still providing sufficiently high resistance for heat generation. In particular, the heating element may substantially consist of or may be substantially made of a metal, at least for the most part or even entirely. As compared to the above described ceramic heating elements, a heating element which substantially consists or is made of metal significantly increases the mechanical stability and robustness of the heating element and, thus, reduces the risk of any deformation or breakage of the heating element. Moreover, operating the resistive heating element using an AC driving current also diminishes the influence of undesired capacitive behavior occurring at material transitions within the conductive system of the electrical heating assembly, for example, at welding or soldering points. According to the invention it has been further recognized that a heating element having an electrically conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material for passing the AC driving current therethrough facilities a temperature control and preferably also a self-limitation of the resistive heating process. This is due to the fact that the magnetic properties of the electrically conductive material change with increasing temperature. In particular, when reaching the Curie temperature, the magnetic properties change from ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, respectively, to paramagnetic. That is, the magnetic permeability of the electrically conductive material continuously decreases with increasing temperature. A decreasing magnetic permeability in turn causes the skin depth to increase and thus the effective AC resistance of the electrically conductive material to decrease. When reaching the Curie temperature, the relative magnetic permeability drops to about unity, causing the effective AC electrical resistance to reach a minimum. Thus, monitoring a corresponding change of the AC driving current passing through the heating element can be used as temperature marker indicating when the conductive magnetic material of the heating element has reached its Curie temperature. Preferably, the conductive magnetic material of the heating element is chosen such as to have a Curie temperature corresponding to a predefined heating temperature of the aerosol-forming substrate. Even more, due to the decreasing AC resistance during the ongoing heating process the effective heating rate continuously decreases with increasing temperature. When reaching the Curie temperature, the effective heating rate may be reduced to such an extent that the temperature of the heating element does not increase any longer, though still continuing passing a driving current through the heating element. The temperature of the heating element may even slightly decrease upon reaching the Curie temperature of the conductive magnetic material of the heating element, depending on the heat release to the aerosol-forming substrate. Advantageously, this effect provides a self-limitation of the heating process, thus preventing an undesired overheating of the aerosol-forming substrate. Accordingly, the conductive magnetic material of the heating element may be chosen such as to have a Curie temperature corresponding to a predefined maximum heating temperature of the aerosol-forming substrate. The AC driving current may be a bi-polar AC driving current and/or an AC driving without DC component or without DC offset or with a DC component equal to zero. Advantageously, the Curie temperature of the conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material of the heating element is in a range between 150° C. (degree Celsius) and 500° C. (degree Celsius), in particular between 250° C. (degree Celsius) and 400° C. (degree Celsius), preferably between 270° C. (degree Celsius) and 380° C. (degree Celsius). The skin depth depends not only on the magnetic permeability but also on the resistivity of the conductive heating element as well as on the frequency of the AC driving current. Thus, the skin depth can be reduced by at least one of decreasing the resistivity of the conductive heating element, increasing the magnetic permeability of the conductive heating element or increasing the frequency of the AC driving current. Accordingly, the (initial) effective resistance and, thus, the heating efficiency of the heating element can be significantly increased by a proper choice of the material properties of the heating element, in particular by having a heating element which comprises an electrically conductive material having at least one of a low resistivity or a high magnetic permeability. Preferably, the heating element comprises a conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material having an absolute magnetic permeability of at least 10 μH/m (microhenry per meter), in particular at least 100 μH/m, preferably of at least 1 mH/m (millihenry per meter), most preferably at least 10 mH/m or even at least 25 mH/m. Likewise, the conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material may have a relative magnetic permeability of at least 10, in particular at least 100, preferably at least 1000, most preferably at least 5000 or even at least 10000. For example, at least a portion of the heating element may comprise or may be substantially made of at least one of: a nickel-cobalt ferrous alloy (such as for example, Kovar or Fernico 1), a mu-metal, permalloy (such as for example, permalloy C), or ferritic stainless steel or a martensitic stainless steel. As used herein, the term “electrical heating assembly of an aerosol-generating device” refers to an electrical heating assembly as sub-unit of an aerosol-generating device. As such, the electrical heating assembly is at least suitable for being used in an aerosol-generating device. Having the heating element comprising an electrically conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material does not exclude that at least a portion of the heating element may also comprise or substantially be made of an electrically conductive paramagnetic material, for example tungsten, aluminum, or austenitic stainless steel. The effective resistance and, thus, the heating efficiency of the heating element can be significantly increased when passing a high frequency AC driving current therethrough. Advantageously, the AC driving current has a frequency in a range between 500 kHz (kilohertz) and 30 MHz (megahertz), in particular between 1 MHz and 10 MHz, preferably between 5 MHz and 7 MHz. Accordingly, the control circuit preferably is configured to provide an AC driving current having a frequency in a range between 500 kHz and 30 MHz, in particular between 1 MHz and 10 MHz, preferably between 5 MHz and 7 MHz. According to a preferred aspect of the invention, an AC resistance of the heating element is in a range between 10 mΩ (milliohm) and 1500 mΩ (milliohm), in particular between 20 mΩ and 1500 mΩ, preferably between 100 mΩ and 1500 mΩ, with regard to an AC driving current passing through the heating element having a frequency in a range between 500 kHz and 30 MHz, in particular between 1 MHz and 10 MHz, preferably between 5 MHz and 7 MHz. An AC resistance in this range advantageously provides a sufficiently high heating efficiency. The aforementioned ranges preferably relate to a temperature range of the heating element between room temperature and the Curie temperature of the conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material. The electrically operated aerosol-generating device which the heating assembly according to the invention is to be used with may be preferably operated by a DC power supply, for example by a battery. Therefore, the control circuit preferably comprises at least one DC/AC inverter for providing the AC driving current. According to a preferred aspect of the invention, the DC/AC inverter comprises a switching power amplifier, for example a Class-E amplifier or a Class-D amplifier. Class-D and Class-E amplifiers are known for minimum power dissipation in the switching transistor during the switching transitions. Class-E power amplifiers are particularly advantageous as regards operation at high frequencies while at the same time having a simple circuit structure. Preferably, the class-E power amplifier is a single-ended first order class-E power amplifier having a single transistor switch only. The switching power amplifier, in particular in case of a Class-E amplifier, may comprise a transistor switch, a transistor switch driver circuit, and a LC load network, wherein the LC load network comprises a series connection of a capacitor and an inductor. In addition, the LC load network may comprise a shunt capacitor in parallel to the series connection of the capacitor and the inductor and in parallel to the transistor switch. The small number of these components allows for keeping the volume of the switching power amplifier extremely small, thus allowing to keep the overall volume of the heating assembly very small, too. The transistor switch of the switching power amplifier can be any type of transistor and may be embodied as a bipolar-junction transistor (BJT). More preferably, however, the transistor switch is embodied as a field effect transistor (FET) such as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) or a metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET). In the afore-mentioned configuration, the control circuit may additionally comprise at least one bypass capacitor connected in parallel to the heating element, in particular in parallel to a resistive conductor path though the heating element. For this, it is to be noted that the heating element not only constitutes a resistance, but also a (small) inductance. Accordingly, in an equivalent circuit diagram, the heating element can be represented by a series connection of a resistance and an inductor. By a suitable selection of a capacity of the bypass capacitor, the inductor/inductance of the heating element and the bypass capacitor form a LC resonator through which a major portion of the AC driving current passes through, whereas only a minor portion of the AC driving current passes through the transistor switch via the inductor and the capacitor of the LC network. Due to this, the bypass capacitor advantageously causes a reduction of heat transfer from the heating element towards the control circuit. Advantageously, a capacity of the bypass capacitor is larger, in particular at least two times, preferably at least five times larger, most preferably at least ten times larger than a capacity of the capacitor of the LC network. Moreover, the bypass capacitor and preferably also the inductor of the LC network may be arranged closer to the heating element than to the rest of the control circuit, in particular as close as possible to the heating element. For example, the inductor of the LC network and the bypass capacitor may be embodied as separate electronic components remotely arranged from the remaining components which in turn may be arranged on a PCB (printed circuit board). The bypass capacitor may be directly connected to the heating element. For powering the control circuit and the heating element the heating assembly may further comprise a power supply, preferably a DC power supply, which is operatively connected with the control circuit, and thus with the heating element via the control circuit. The DC power source generally may comprise any suitable DC power source, for example one or more single-use batteries, one or more rechargeable batteries, or any other suitable DC power source capable of providing the required DC supply voltage and the required DC supply amperage. The DC supply voltage of the DC power source may be in a range of about 2.5 V (Volts) to about 4.5 V (Volts) and the DC supply amperage is in a range of about 1 to about 10 Amperes (corresponding to a DC supply power in a range of about 2.5 W (Watts) and about 45 W (Watts). As a general rule, whenever the term “about” is used in connection with a particular value throughout this application this is to be understood such that the value following the term “about” does not have to be exactly the particular value due to technical considerations. However, the term “about” used in connection with a particular value is always to be understood to include and also to explicitly disclose the particular value following the term “about”. Depending on the conditions of the aerosol-forming substrate to be heated, the heating element may have different geometrical configurations. For example, the heating element may be of a blade configuration or a rod configuration or pin configuration. That is, the heating element may be or may comprise one or more blades, rods or pins which include or substantially are made of an electrically conductive material. These configurations are particularly suitable for use with solid or paste-like aerosol-forming substrates. In particular, these configurations readily allow for penetrating into an aerosol-forming substrate when the heating element is to be brought into contact with the aerosol-forming substrate to be heated. At a proximal end, the blade-shaped or rod-shaped heating element may comprise a tapered tip portion allowing to readily penetrate into an aerosol-forming substrate. Preferably, the heating element comprises a least one blade which includes or substantially is made of an electrically conductive material, in particular an electrically conductive solid material. The blade may comprise a tapered tip portion facilitating the blade to penetrate into the aerosol-forming substrate to be heated. The blade may have a length in a range between 5 mm (millimeter) and 20 mm (millimeter), in particular between 10 mm and 15 mm; a width in arrange between 2 mm and 8 mm, in particular between 4 mm and 6 mm; and a thickness in a range between 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm, in particular between 0.25 mm and 0.75 mm. Alternatively, the heating element may be of a wick configuration or a mesh configuration. That is, the heating element may be or may comprise one or more meshes or wicks which include or substantially are made of an electrically conductive material. The latter configurations are particularly suitable for use with liquid aerosol-forming substrates. An outer surface of the heating element may be surface treated or coated. That is, the heating element may comprise a surface treatment or coating. The surface treatment or coating may be configured to at least one of: to avoid aerosol-forming substrate sticking to the surface of the heating element, to avoid material diffusion, for example metal diffusion, from the heating element into the aerosol-forming substrate, to improve the mechanical stiffness of the heating element. Preferably, the surface treatment or coating is electrically non-conductive. In general, the heating element may comprise at least one resistive conductor path for passing the AC driving current therethrough. As used herein, the term ‘conductor path’ refers to a predefined current path for the AC driving current to pass through the heating element. This path is basically given by the geometric configuration of the electrical conductive material of the heating element. The heating element may comprise a single resistive conductor path. Alternatively, the heating element may comprise a plurality of resistive conductor paths in parallel with each other for passing the AC driving current therethrough. In the latter configuration, the plurality of resistive conductor paths may merge within a common section of the heating element. Advantageously, this provides a compact design of the heating element. In this configuration, a switching power amplifier of the control circuit may comprise at least one LC network as described for each one of the plurality of parallel resistive conductor paths. Likewise, a switching power amplifier of the control circuit may comprise at least one bypass capacitor—as described above—for each one of the plurality of parallel resistive conductor paths in order to reduce the heat transfer from the heating element to the control circuit. The at least one resistive conductor path or at least one of the plurality of resistive conductor paths may comprises two feeding points to supply the respective heating path with the AC driving current. Preferably, the two feeding points are arranged at one side of the heating element. This arrangement provides a compact design of the heating element and also facilitates to operatively couple the heating element with the control circuit. The at least one resistive conductor path or at least one of the plurality of resistive conductor paths may comprises two feeding points to supply the respective heating path with the AC driving current. Preferably, the two feeding points are arranged at one side of the heating element. This arrangement allows for a compact design of the heating element and also facilitates to operatively couple the heating element with the control circuit. The heat dissipation along the conductor path and thus the heating efficiency of the heating element increases with increasing length of the conductor path. Therefore, the geometric configuration of the resistive conductor path preferably is such as to have a path length as long as possible. The at least one resistive conductor path or at least one of the plurality of resistive conductor paths may be formed by at least one section-wise slitting of the heating element. As a result, the at least one resistive conductor path or at least one of the plurality of resistive conductor paths may be formed by at least one slit, wherein the heating element is fully disrupted by the slit along a depth extension of the slit and only partially disrupted by the slit along a length extension of the slit. For example, a blade-shaped or rod-shaped heating element, made of a solid conductive material, may comprise one slit starting at one edge of the heating element but only partially extending along a length portion of the heating element such as to provide a U-shaped conductor path. Likewise, the heating element may comprise two parallel slits which start at the same edge of the heating element but which only partially extend along a length portion of the heating element such as to provide two parallel U-shaped conductor paths having one central branch in common. In case of a plurality of resistive conductor paths, the control circuit may comprise a respective bypass capacitor for each resistive conductor path connected in parallel thereto. According to preferred aspect of the invention, the heating element may be a multi-layer heating element comprising a plurality of layers, in particular at least two layers. Advantageously, a multi-layer setup of the heating element allows for combining different functionalities and effects, wherein each layer preferably provides at least one specific function or effect. For this, the different layers may comprise different materials and/or may have different geometrical configurations, in particular different layer thicknesses. A multi-layer setup may prove advantageous in particular with regard to the heating element according to the present invention which comprises an electrically conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material. Ferrimagnetic or ferromagnetic materials, in particular those having a high magnetic permeability, may be rather ductile. Therefore, the heating element advantageously is a multi-layer heating element comprising at least one support layer and at least one heating layer. At least the heating layer comprises an electrically conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material for heating the aerosol-forming substrate. In contrast, the support layer advantageously comprises a material which is less ductile as compared to the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material of the heating layer. In particular, a bending and/or a rotational stiffness of the support layer is larger than a bending and/or a rotational stiffness of the heating layer. Such a configuration advantageously combines both, high mechanical stiffness due to the support layer, and high AC resistance and thus high heating efficiency due to the at least one ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic heating layer. According to a preferred embodiment, the multi-layer heating element comprises at least one support layer and at least two heating layers sandwiching the support layer, wherein at least one of, preferably both heating layers comprises an electrically conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material. Even more preferably, both heating layers comprise or are made of the same electrically conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material and have the same thickness. The symmetric setup of the latter configuration proves particularly beneficial as being compensated for tensile or compressive stress states due to possible differences in the thermal expansion behavior of the various layers. The heating layers may also have different compositions, that is, the heating layers may comprise different materials with different Curie temperatures. Advantageously, this may provide additional information on the heating temperature, for example, for calibration or temperature control purposes. Preferably, the at least one heating layer or the two heating layers sandwiching the support layer are edge layers of the multi-layer heating element. This facilitates a direct heat transfer from the heating element to the aerosol-forming substrate. To ensure sufficient mechanical stiffness, at least one layer of the multi-layer heating assembly, preferably at least the support layer is made of a solid material. More preferably, all layers are made of a respective solid material. Furthermore, a layer thickness of the at least one support layer may be larger than a layer thickness of the at least one or two heating layers. This also facilitates to provide sufficient mechanical stiffness. The at least one support layer may be made of an electrically non-conductive material. Accordingly, the support layer separates the two sandwiching heating layers from each other such as to operate the two heating layers in parallel. Alternatively, the two sandwiching heating layers may be operated in series while still being separated by the electrically non-conductive support layer arranged in between. For this, the heating layers may be electrically connected at one end, in particular at a proximal end of the heating element. In this configuration, the electrically non-conductive support layer is not only used for stiffening the heating element, but also to form a single conductor path through the heating element which consists of the series connection of the two heating layers. The at least one support layer may also comprise an electrically conductive material. In this case, an AC resistance of the support layer preferably is different from, preferably lower than an AC resistance of the at least one heating layer. In particular in case the at least one heating layer is an edge layer, the AC driving current is expected to flow at least partially or even mostly within the heating layer, though the AC resistance of the support layer could be lower than the AC resistance of the heating layer. As a consequence, heat dissipation mainly occurs within the heating layer. Moreover, as compared to the layer with the lowest AC resistance taken alone, the overall AC resistance of the multi-layer heating element having layers with different AC resistances may be significantly increased. Accordingly, a resistivity of the electrically conductive material of the at least one heating layer may be larger than a resistivity of the electrically conductive material of the at least one support layer. Alternatively or additionally, a relative magnetic permeability of the electrically conductive material of the at least one or two heating layers is larger than a relative magnetic permeability of the electrically conductive material of the at least one support layer. Preferably, the electrically conductive material of the at least one support layer is paramagnetic, for example tungsten, aluminum, or austenitic stainless steel. Each of the layers may be plated, deposited, coated, cladded or welded onto a respective adjacent layer. In particular, any layer may be applied onto a respective adjacent layer by spraying, dip coating, roll coating, electroplating, cladding or resistance welding. The multi-layer heating element may be of a rod configuration or a pin configuration or a blade configuration. In the latter case, each layer itself may be of a blade configuration. In case of a rod or pin configuration, the multi-layer heating element may comprises an inner core as support layer which is surrounded or encapsulated or coated by an outer jacket as heating layer. The rod-shaped heating element may comprise a central longitudinal slit extending only along a length portion of the heating element from its distal end towards its proximal end such as to provide a U-shaped conductor path therethrough. Alternatively, a rod-shaped multi-layer heating element may comprise an inner core as first heating layer and an outer jacket as second heating layer. Between the inner core and the outer jacket, the heating element may further comprise as support layer an intermediate sleeve made of an electrically non-conductive material such as to separate the first and second heating layers. However, the inner core and the outer jacket may be electrically connect at one end, preferably at the proximal end of the rod-shaped heating element such as to provide a conductor path between the first and second heating layer. In order to reduce the heat transfer from the heating element towards the control circuit, the heating assembly may further comprise an electrically conductive connector operatively coupling the control circuit with the heating element. An AC resistance of the connector is lower than the AC resistance of the heating element. Due to the lower AC resistance, heat generation caused by Joule heating is significantly reduced in the conductive connector as compared to the heating element. Advantageously, the electrically conductive connector has an AC resistance of 25 mΩ at the most, in particular of 15 mΩ at the most, preferably of 10 mΩ at the most, most preferably of 10 mΩ at the most, with regard to an AC driving current passing through the heating element having a frequency in a range between 500 kHz and 30 MHz, in particular between 1 MHz and 10 MHz, preferably between 5 MHz and 7 MHz. The AC resistance of the conductive connector may be reduced or minimized by increasing the skin depth. The skin depth in turn increases with at least one of decreasing resistivity or decreasing magnetic permeability of the conductive connector. Accordingly, the material properties of the conductive connector are preferably chosen such as to have at least one of a low resistivity or a low magnetic permeability. In particular, a relative magnetic permeability of an electrically conductive material of the connector preferably is lower than a relative magnetic permeability of an electrically conductive material of the heating element. Advantageously, the electrically conductive material of the connector is paramagnetic. For example, the heating element may be made of permalloy C, whereas the connector may be made of tungsten. In addition or alternatively, the heating assembly may further comprise a heat absorber thermally coupled to at least one of the control circuit or the connector in order to absorb any excess heat and thus to reduce any adverse heat effects on the control circuit. The heat absorber may, for example, comprise a heat sink or a heat reservoir or a heat exchanger. In the latter case, the heat exchanger may in particular comprise at least one thermoelectric generator. A thermoelectric generator is an energy converting device for converting heat into electrical power based on the Seebeck principle. Preferably, the at least one thermoelectric generator is operatively connected to a power supply of the heating assembly or directly to the control circuit. As an example, the thermoelectric generator may be operatively connected to a battery in order to feed in converted electrical power for recharging purposes. In case the heat absorber is a heat reservoir, the heat absorber comprises a phase change material (PCM). A phase change material is a substance with a high heat of fusion capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy when the material changes its phase from solid to liquid, solid to gas, or liquid to gas and vice versa. The PCM may be inorganic, for example, a salt hydrates. Alternatively, the PCM may be organic, for example, paraffin or a carbohydrate. As heat sink, the heat absorber may comprise cooling fins or cooling rips in thermal contact with least one of the control circuit or the connector. When the heating assembly is installed in an aerosol-generating device, the cooling fins or cooling rips may be arranged within an airflow passage of the aerosol-generating device such as to allow heat to be dissipated dissipation into the airflow passage. As mentioned above, the heating element may be configured to act as temperature sensor, in particular for controlling the temperature of the aerosol-forming substrate, preferably for adjusting the actual temperature. This possibility relies on the temperature dependent resistance characteristic of the resistive material used to build up the resistive heating element. The heating assembly may further comprise a readout device for measuring the resistance of the heating element. The readout device may be part of the control circuit. The measured temperature directly corresponds to the actual temperature of the heating element. The measured temperature may also be indicative for the actual temperature of the aerosol-forming substrate, depending on the positioning of the heating element relative to the aerosol-forming substrate to be heated and the given characteristics of the heat supply from the heating element to the aerosol-forming substrate. The heating assembly, in particular the control circuit may further comprise a temperature controller for controlling the temperature of the heating element. For this, the temperature controller preferably is configured for controlling the AC driving current passing through the heating element In particular, the temperature controller may be operatively coupled to the aforementioned readout device for measuring the resistance and thus the temperature of the heating element. According to the invention there is also provided an aerosol-generating device for use with an aerosol-forming substrate, wherein the aerosol-generating device comprises a heating assembly according to the invention and as described herein. As used herein, the term ‘aerosol-generating device’ is used to describe an electrically operated device that is capable of interacting with at least one aerosol-forming substrate to generate an aerosol by heating the substrate. Preferably, the aerosol-generating device is a puffing device for generating an aerosol that is directly inhalable by a user thorough the user's mouth. In particular, the aerosol-generating device is a hand-held aerosol-generating device. As used herein, the term ‘aerosol-forming substrate’ refers to substrate that is capable of releasing volatile compounds that can form an aerosol. The aerosol-forming substrate may be a solid or a liquid aerosol-forming substrate. In both conditions, the aerosol-forming substrate may comprise at least one of solid or liquid components. In particular, the aerosol-forming substrate may comprise a tobacco-containing material including volatile tobacco flavour compounds, which are released from the substrate upon heating. Thus, the aerosol-forming substrate may be a tobacco-containing aerosol-forming substrate. The tobacco-containing material may comprise loosed filled or packed tobacco, or sheets of tobacco which have been gathered or crimped. Alternatively or additionally, the aerosol-forming substrate may comprise a non-tobacco material. The aerosol-forming substrate may further comprise an aerosol former. Examples of suitable aerosol formers are glycerine and propylene glycol. The aerosol-forming substrate may also comprise other additives and ingredients, such as nicotine or flavourants, in particular tobacco flavourants. The aerosol-forming substrate may also be a paste-like material, a sachet of porous material comprising aerosol-forming substrate, or, for example, loose tobacco mixed with a gelling agent or sticky agent, which could include a common aerosol former such as glycerine, and which is compressed or molded into a plug. The aerosol-forming substrate may be part of an aerosol-generating article, preferably a consumable, to interact with the aerosol-generating device for generating an aerosol. For example, the article may be rod-shaped aerosol-generating article resembling the shape of a conventional cigarette which comprises a solid, preferably tobacco-containing aerosol-forming substrate. Alternatively, the article may be a cartridge comprising a liquid, preferably tobacco-containing aerosol-forming substrate. The aerosol-generating device may comprise a receiving chamber for receiving the aerosol-forming substrate or the aerosol-generating article comprising the aerosol-forming substrate to be heated. Preferably, the receiving chamber is arranged at a proximal end of the aerosol-generating device. The receiving chamber may comprise a receiving opening for inserting the aerosol-forming substrate into the receiving chamber. As an example, the aerosol-generating device may include a cavity for receiving an aerosol-generating article comprising a solid aerosol-forming substrate, or a cartridge comprising a liquid aerosol-forming substrate as described above. Alternatively the aerosol-generating device may comprise a reservoir for directly receiving a liquid aerosol-forming substrate therein. The heating element of the heating assembly may be arranged at least partially within the receiving chamber of the aerosol-generating device. The control circuit and—if present—the power of the supply heating assembly may be arranged within a device housing of the aerosol-generating device. Preferably, the heating assembly is powered from a global power supply of the aerosol-generating device. The aerosol-generating device may further comprise an airflow passage extending through the receiving chamber. The device may further comprise at least one air inlet in fluid communication with the airflow passage. Further features and advantages of aerosol-generating device according to the invention have been described with regard to the heating assembly and will not be repeated. According to the invention there is also provided a method for resistively heating an aerosol-forming substrate to generate an aerosol. The method comprises the following steps:providing aerosol-forming substrate to be heated;providing an electrically resistive heating element comprising an electrically conductive ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material for heating the aerosol-forming substrate, the heating element being configured to heat up due to Joule heating when passing an AC driving current therethrough;arranging the aerosol-forming substrate in close proximity to or contact with the aerosol-forming substrate;providing an AC driving current; andpassing the AC driving current through the heating element. Preferably, the method is performed using a heating assembly or an aerosol-generating device according to the invention and as described herein. Vice versa, the heating assembly or the aerosol-generating device according to the invention and as described herein may be operated using the method according to the invention and as described herein. As described above with regard to the heating assembly, the step of providing an AC driving current advantageously comprises providing an AC driving current having a frequency in a range between 500 kHz and 30 MHz, in particular between 1 MHz and 10 MHz, preferably between 5 MHz and 7 MHz. As further described above with regard to the heating assembly, the AC driving current may be provided by using a switching power amplifier. Furthermore, the step of providing an AC driving current using a switching power amplifier may include operating the switching power amplifier with a duty cycle in a range between 20% (percent) and 99% (percent), in particular between 30% and 95%, preferably between 50% and 90%, most preferably between 60% and 90%. Operating the switching power amplifier with a duty cycle in this range advantageously causes the temperature of the control circuit to remain reasonable low without the risk of thermal damages of the control circuit while still allowing the heating element to reach temperatures sufficiently high for aerosol generation. Further features and advantages of the method according to the invention have been described with regard to heating assembly and the aerosol-generating device and will not be repeated.

11373052

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a 371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2018/121541, filed Dec. 17, 2018, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201810442983.2, filed on May 10, 2018 and entitled “Data Interaction Method and Device, Storage Medium, and Mobile Terminal”, the disclosures of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the field of data interaction, in particular to a data interaction method and device, a storage medium, and a mobile terminal. BACKGROUND In recent years, mobile data interaction applications have become more and more popular. Taking mobile payment APP as an example, most merchants can provide a QR code for users to scan and pay. The merchants generally provide the QR codes on different payment platforms for users to scan and pay, for example, the QR codes of Alipay and WeChat are provided side by side, so that customers can choose any one of them to scan and pay. However, when using the QR code of any payment platform for payment, the users have to open the corresponding client (APP) installed on the mobile terminal (such as a mobile phone) for scanning, which is very inconvenient and time-consuming, and is bad in user experience. SUMMARY Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data interaction method used for a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal including dual cameras. The method may include the following operations. One of two interactive identification codes appearing in the current photography range of the dual cameras is scanned separately by means of two cameras included in the dual cameras, the two interactive identification code respectively corresponding to different data interaction platforms. A data interaction page obtaining request is simultaneously sent to different data interaction platforms corresponding to the two interactive identification codes according to the two interactive identification codes separately scanned by the two cameras. Data interaction pages, which are returned by the different data interaction platforms corresponding to the two interactive identification codes according to the data interaction page obtaining request, are received. A first data interaction page firstly received in the returned data interaction pages is displayed so that a user performs corresponding data interaction on the first data interaction page. Optionally, the operation that the data interaction pages, which are returned by the different data interaction platforms corresponding to the two interactive identification codes according to the data interaction page obtaining request, are received may include that: after the first data interaction page returned by any one of the different data interaction platforms corresponding to the two interactive identification codes is received, a second data interaction page returned by another of the different data interaction platforms corresponding to the two interactive identification codes is no longer received. Optionally, the operation that the first data interaction page firstly received in the returned data interaction pages is displayed may include that: after the first data interaction page firstly received in the returned data interaction pages is displayed, the second data interaction page received later in the returned data interaction pages is no longer displayed. Optionally, the operation that one of the two interactive identification codes appearing in the current photography range of the dual cameras is separately scanned by means of the two cameras included in the dual cameras may include that: the two cameras are made to scan an image in the current photography range from different directions, so that the two cameras can scan different interactive identification codes in the two interactive identification codes. Optionally, the operation that one of the two interactive identification codes appearing in the current photography range of the dual cameras is separately scanned by means of the two cameras included in the dual cameras may include that: scanning boxes corresponding to the two cameras are separately displayed on a touch screen of the mobile terminal; a touch and drag operation performed on the touch screen by a user to the scanning box corresponding to at least one of the two cameras is received; and after the touch and drag operation stops, the interactive identification code appearing in the scanning box is scanned through the corresponding camera. Optionally, the method may further include that: an interaction success voucher indicating that the user has completed the corresponding data interaction, which is returned by the data interaction platform the first data interaction page belongs to, is received and the interaction success voucher is displayed. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data interaction device used for a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal including the dual cameras. The device includes: a scanning unit, configured to separately scan one of the two interactive identification codes appearing in the current photography range of the dual cameras by means of the two cameras included in the dual cameras, the two interactive identification code respectively corresponding to different data interaction platforms; a sending unit, configured to send the data interaction page obtaining request to the different data interaction platforms corresponding to the two interactive identification codes according to the two interactive identification codes separately scanned by the two cameras; a receiving unit, configured to receive the data interaction pages, which are returned by the different data interaction platforms corresponding to the two interactive identification codes according to the data interaction page obtaining request; and a displaying unit, configured to display the first data interaction page firstly received in the returned data interaction pages, so that the user performs the corresponding data interaction on the first data interaction page. Optionally, the operation that the receiving unit receives the data interaction pages, which are returned by the different data interaction platforms corresponding to the two interactive identification codes according to the data interaction page obtaining request, may include that: after the first data interaction page returned by any one of the different data interaction platforms corresponding to the two interactive identification codes is received, the second data interaction page returned by another of the different data interaction platforms corresponding to the two interactive identification codes is no longer received. Optionally, the operation that the displaying unit displays the first data interaction page firstly received in the returned data interaction pages may include that: after the first data interaction page firstly received in the returned data interaction pages is displayed, the second data interaction page received later in the returned data interaction pages is no longer displayed. Optionally, the operation that the scanning unit separately scans one of the two interactive identification codes appearing in the current photography range of the dual cameras by means of the two cameras included in the dual cameras may include that: the two cameras are made to scan the image in the current photography range from different directions, so that the two cameras can scan different interactive identification codes in the two interactive identification codes. Optionally, the operation that the scanning unit separately scans one of the two interactive identification codes appearing in the current photography range of the dual cameras by means of the two cameras included in the dual cameras may include that: the scanning boxes corresponding to the two cameras are separately displayed on the touch screen of the mobile terminal; the touch and drag operation performed on the touch screen by the user to the scanning box corresponding to at least one of the two cameras is received; and after the touch and drag operation stops, the interactive identification code appearing in the scanning box is scanned through the corresponding camera. Optionally, the device may further include: a voucher receiving unit, configured to receive the interaction success voucher indicating that the user has completed the corresponding data interaction, which is returned by the data interaction platform the first data interaction page belongs to; and a displaying unit, configured to display the interaction success voucher received by the voucher receiving unit. Yet embodiments of the present disclosure provide a storage medium, storing a computer program thereon. When executed by a processor, the program implements steps of any above method. Yet embodiments of the present disclosure provide a mobile terminal, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor. When executing the program, the processor implements steps of any above method. Yet embodiments of the present disclosure provide a mobile terminal, which includes any above data interaction device.

11367491

BACKGROUND The present technology relates to the operation of memory devices. Semiconductor memory devices have become more popular for use in various electronic devices. For example, non-volatile semiconductor memory is used in cellular telephones, digital cameras, personal digital assistants, mobile computing devices, non-mobile computing devices and other devices. A charge-storing material such as a floating gate or a charge-trapping material can be used in such memory devices to store a charge which represents a data state. A charge-trapping material can be arranged vertically in a three-dimensional (3D) stacked memory structure, or horizontally in a two-dimensional (2D) memory structure. One example of a 3D memory structure is the Bit Cost Scalable (BiCS) architecture which comprises a stack of alternating conductive and dielectric layers. A memory device includes memory cells which may be arranged in series, in NAND strings, for instance, where select gate transistors are provided at the ends of a NAND string to selectively connect a channel of the NAND string to a source line or bit line. However, various challenges are presented in operating such memory devices.

11481489

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY The present disclosure relates to antivirus technologies, and more specifically to systems and methods for generating a representation of a web resource to detect malicious modifications of web resources. BACKGROUND Personal computers, notebooks, tablets, smartphones, and the like have gained widespread use within recent decades. This widespread use has become a powerful incentive to the use of such devices in various areas of activity and to solve a varied number of problems (from Internet surfing to bank transfers and managing electronic documentation). In parallel with the growth in the number of computing devices and software running on these devices, the number of malicious programs has grown proportionally. At present, there are an innumerable amount of malicious programs being spread across various networks and other malicious programs being developed. Some of these malicious programs steal personal and confidential information from the devices of users (such as logins and passwords, banking information, electronic documents). Others turn the devices of users into so-called botnets for attacks such as distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks, or to sort through passwords by the brute force method on other computers or computer networks. Still others propose paid content to users through intrusive advertising, paid subscriptions, sending of SMS to toll numbers, and so on. The methods of embedding malicious programs into the computers of users also vary. Some are downloaded and installed on servers or clients (the computers of users) covertly (such as by using vulnerabilities of the software) or openly (for example, using social engineering technologies by the efforts of the users themselves). Others embed themselves into data being transmitted between servers and clients that is intercepted by a third party. Web resources (bank sites, results of queries to servers, and so forth) are some of the popular objects of attack of malicious programs, the target of the attack being confidential user data (logins and passwords, account numbers, etc.), computing resources (used for attacks on other computers, such as participating in DDOS attacks, unauthorized computations, such as mining crypto currencies, and so on), and so forth. The activity of the described attacks starts with the substitution of data being transmitted between servers and clients (for example, the substitution of the content of a personal bank account by a fake personal account, the embedding of malicious scripts, and so on). The primary element in the fight against the described forms of attack is the determination of a modification of the data of web resources that is being transmitted, for which various technologies are used, including:signature analysis, by which one tries to determine modifications of web resources on the basis of a comparison with predetermined templates of web resources;heuristic analysis, by which one tries to determine modifications of web resources on the basis of checking for the fulfillment of previously specified rules of formation of web resources;black and white lists, by which one tries to determine insertions of links and addresses into web resources. The present disclosure describes systems and methods which, in one aspect, may detect unknown modifications of web sites. Often, in known analysis technologies, personal user data may be sent from clients to servers (which may be contained in elements of the web sites). Such a data transfer is potentially vulnerable and might be considered unlawful by the legislation of some countries. The present disclosure describes systems and methods for detecting modification of a web resource. SUMMARY The present disclosure describes methods and systems for providing information security. According to one aspect of the disclosure, a technical result achieved in determining that a web resource was modified by analyzing a generated image of the web resource. An exemplary method includes selecting one or more objects of the web resource based on one or more object attributes; identifying a plurality of tokens for each selected object based on contents of the selected object; calculating a hash signature for each selected object of the web resource using the identified plurality of tokens; identifying potentially malicious calls within the identified plurality of tokens; generating an image of the web resource based on the plurality of hash signatures and based on the identified potentially malicious calls, wherein the image of the web resource comprises a vector representation of the contents of the web resource; and detecting whether the web resource is modified based on the image of the web resource. In yet another aspect, calculating the hash signature further includes: converting the generated plurality of tokens into a plurality of n-grams; and applying a hash function to each of the plurality of n-grams to generate the hash signature, wherein the hash signature includes an array of numbers of a predefined length. In another aspect, each of the plurality of n-grams has a predefined length and a predefined overlap. In yet another aspect, the plurality of tokens are identified using one or more token separators. In another aspect, the hash function comprises at least one of fuzzy hash or locality-sensitive hash (LSH). In yet another aspect, one or more objects are selected based on analysis of the web resource and wherein the analysis of the web resource is performed during an online session, during which the web resource is executed. In another aspect, the analysis of the web resource includes analysis of HTML code describing a structure and content of the web resource. In another aspect, the web resource includes an embedded script for verifying the integrity of the web resource. In another aspect, a system is disclosed for generating an image of a web resource to detect a modification of the web resource, comprising a hardware processor configured to: select one or more objects of the web resource based on one or more object attributes; identify a plurality of tokens for each selected object based on contents of the selected object; calculate a hash signature for each selected object of the web resource using the identified plurality of tokens; identify potentially malicious calls within the identified plurality of tokens; generate an image of the web resource based on the plurality of hash signatures and based on the identified potentially malicious calls, wherein the image of the web resource comprises a vector representation of the contents of the web resource; and detect whether the web resource is modified based on the image of the web resource. In another aspect, disclosed a non-transitory computer-readable medium, storing instructions thereon for generating an image of a web resource to detect a modification of the web resource according to the aspects of systems and methods disclosed herein. The above simplified summary of example aspects serves to provide a basic understanding of the present disclosure. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the present disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description of the disclosure that follows. To the accomplishment of the foregoing, the one or more aspects of the present disclosure include the features described and exemplarily pointed out in the claims.

11296178

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to a display device, and more particularly, to a display device including an emission layer. DISCUSSION OF THE RELATED ART A display device for displaying an image includes a plurality of pixels. Where the display device is an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device, each of these pixels may include an organic light emitting diode having a cathode, an anode, and an organic emission layer disposed between the cathode and anode. Each organic light emitting diode may further include a plurality of transistors and at least one capacitor for driving the organic light emitting diode. In the organic light emitting diode, electrons injected from the cathode and holes injected from the anode are combined in the organic emission layer to form an exciton, thereby emitting light as the exciton relaxes. The plurality of transistors includes at least one switching transistor and a driving transistor. At least one switching element may receive a data signal under the control of a scan signal and may transmit a voltage to the driving transistor. The driving transistor is directly or indirectly connected to the organic light emitting diode to control a level of a current transmitted to the organic light emitting diode, thereby each pixel emits light of a desired luminance. The capacitor is connected to a driving gate electrode of the driving transistor, thereby maintaining a voltage of the driving gate electrode. Since the data line transmits a data signal that is changed with respect to time, if a parasitic capacitance is formed between a conductor disposed near the data line and the data line, the change of the data voltage may affect the voltage of the conductor. Particularly, if the voltage of a driving gate node, such as the driving gate electrode of the driving transistor affecting the luminance of the pixel, is changed as a result of the change of the data signal transmitted by the adjacent data line, the luminance of the pixel is changed, thereby causing a display quality defect such as crosstalk. SUMMARY A display device includes a scan line extending in a first direction. A plurality of data lines cross the scan line. A driving voltage line crosses the scan line. An active pattern includes a plurality of channel regions and a plurality of conductive regions. A control line is connected to the plurality of data lines and the driving voltage line. The active pattern includes a shielding part overlapping at least one data line of the plurality of data lines. The control line includes a plurality of main line parts each extending in the first direction, and a detour part connecting two adjacent main line parts of the plurality of main line parts to each other. The detour part extends along a periphery of the active pattern and crosses the at least one data line of the plurality of data lines. A display device includes a plurality of pixels. Each pixel includes a light emitting diode. A sixth transistor is connected to the light emitting diode. A control line includes a gate electrode of the sixth transistor. A data line crosses the control line. A shielding part overlaps the data line and receives a driving voltage. The control line further includes a main line pan that does not cross the data line. The control line further includes a detour part connected to the main line part and bent along a periphery of the shielding part. An organic light emitting diode display device includes a first pixel having a data line connected thereto with a first plurality of transistors having an active pattern. A second pixel has a second plurality of transistors and a control line configured to supply a control signal to the second plurality of transistors. The control line of the second pixel overlaps the data line of the first pixel and does not overlap the active pattern of the first pixel.

11370079

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to a carrier head for chemical mechanical polishing. BACKGROUND Integrated circuits are typically formed on substrates, particularly silicon wafers, by the sequential deposition of conductive, semiconductive or insulative layers. One fabrication step involves depositing a filler layer over a non-planar surface and planarizing the filler layer. For certain applications, the filler layer is planarized until the top surface of a patterned layer is exposed. A conductive filler layer, for example, can be deposited on a patterned insulative layer to fill the trenches or holes in the insulative layer. After planarization, the portions of the conductive layer remaining between the raised pattern of the insulative layer form vias, plugs, and lines that provide conductive paths between thin film circuits on the substrate. For other applications, such as oxide polishing, the filler layer is planarized until a predetermined thickness is left over the non-planar surface. In addition, planarization of the substrate surface is usually required for photolithography. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is one accepted method of planarization. This planarization method typically requires that the substrate be mounted on a carrier head. The exposed surface of the substrate is typically placed against a rotating polishing pad. The carrier head provides a controllable load on the substrate to push it against the polishing pad. A polishing liquid, such as a slurry with abrasive particles, is typically supplied to the surface of the polishing pad. For polishing of a metal layer on a substrate, e.g., a copper layer, the slurry can be acidic. SUMMARY The technology node for 150 mm (also termed “6 inch”) diameter substrates continues to improve. This generates a need to improve CMP process capability to comply with the ever more stringent requirements for within wafer and wafer-to-wafer uniformity. Although multi-zone carrier heads have been used for larger substrates, e.g., 200 mm and 300 mm diameter substrates, the smaller size of the carrier head for the 150 mm diameter substrate can pose form factor difficulties. In one aspect, a flexible membrane for a carrier head of a chemical mechanical polisher includes a main portion, an annular outer portion, and exactly three annular flaps to divide a volume above the main portion into a plurality of chambers when the flexible membrane is secured to a carrier head. The main portion has a lower surface to provide a substrate-mounting surface, and the substrate mounting surface has a radius R. The annular outer portion extends upwardly from an outer edge of the main portion and has a lower edge connected to the main portion and an upper edge. The three annular flaps include a first annular flap joined to an inner surface of the main portion at a radial position between 75% and 95% of R, a second annular flap joined to the annular outer portion at a position between the lower edge and the upper edge, the second annular flap extending inwardly from the outer annular portion, and a third annular flap joined to the upper edge of the annular outer portion, the third annular flap extending inwardly from the outer annular portion. In another aspect, a chemical mechanical polishing head includes a base assembly, a retaining ring secured to the base assembly, and a flexible membrane as described above secured to the base assembly. Implementations of any of the aspects may include one or more of the following features. The substrate mounting surface may have a radius of about 75 mm. The first annular flap may be joined to the main portion about 10 mm from the outer edge of the main portion. The first annular flap may be joined to the main portion at a radial position between 85% and 90% of R. The first annular flap may include a horizontally extending section and a vertically extending section connecting the laterally extending section to the main portion. A notch may be formed at a junction between the horizontally extending section and the vertically extending section. The horizontally extending section may have a smaller thickness than the vertically extending section. Each of the flaps may have a thickness smaller than a thickness of the main portion. The annular outer portion may include a body having a thickness greater than a thickness of the main portion. A notch may be formed in an interior surface of the body of the annular outer portion at a junction of the body and the main portion. An outer surface of the body may have a recess between a lower edge and an upper edge of the body. The outer surface of the body between the recess and the lower edge may be a single vertical surface. The outer surface of the body between the recess and the upper edge may be a single vertical surface. The outer surface of the body between the recess and the lower edge may be laterally aligned with the outer surface of the body between the recess and the upper edge. Implementations can include one or more of the following advantages. Within wafer and wafer-to-wafer uniformity can be improved, and the improvement can be extended to 150 mm diameter substrates. The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other aspects, features, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

11334961

BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Disclosure The present disclosure relates to a circuit for processing images and more specifically to fusion of different images. 2. Description of the Related Arts Image data captured by an image sensor or received from other data sources is often processed in an image processing pipeline before further processing or consumption. For example, raw image data may be corrected, filtered, or otherwise modified before being provided to subsequent components such as a video encoder. To perform corrections or enhancements for captured image data, various components, unit stages or modules may be employed. Such an image processing pipeline may be structured so that corrections or enhancements to the captured image data can be performed in an expedient way without consuming other system resources. Although many image processing algorithms may be performed by executing software programs on central processing unit (CPU), execution of such programs on the CPU would consume significant bandwidth of the CPU and other peripheral resources as well as increase power consumption. Hence, image processing pipelines are often implemented as a hardware component separate from the CPU and dedicated to perform one or more image processing algorithms. SUMMARY Embodiments relate to circuitry for warping image pyramids for use in temporal processing and/or image fusion. An image fusion circuit receives captured images, and generates image pyramids corresponding to the received images that are stored in memory. A fusion module receives a first image pyramid and a second image pyramid from the memory for image fusion. To use the image pyramids, a warping circuit warps the second image pyramid based upon one or more warping parameters determined based upon registration of a first image associated with the first image pyramid to a second image associated with the second image pyramid, to generate a warped image pyramid that better aligns with the first image pyramid than to the original second image pyramid. The warping circuit is a multi-scale warping circuit configured to warp each level of the second image pyramid, using a first warping engine that warps a base level of the image pyramid, and at least one additional warping engine that warps a plurality of scaled levels of the image pyramid in parallel with the first warping engine. By utilizing multiple warping engines that warp different levels of the image pyramid in parallel, the warping circuit is able to warp the second image pyramid having multiple levels within the amount of time needed to warp the base level of the image pyramid, improving process speed of the image fusion circuit.

11387591

BACKGROUND Technical Field The disclosure relates to a plug connector module for an industrial plug connector and a method for fitting a holding frame with one or more plug connector modules. Description of the Related Art Plug connector modules are required as a constituent part of a plug connector modular system in order to be able to match a plug connector, in particular a heavy-duty industrial plug connector, to specific requirements in respect of signal and power transmission, for example between two electrical devices, in a flexible manner. To this end, plug connector modules are usually inserted into appropriate holding frames, which are also referred to as articulated frames, module frames or modular frames, amongst others. Therefore, the holding frames serve to receive a plurality of plug connector modules which are similar to one another and/or also different and to securely fasten said plug connector modules to a surface and/or a device wall and/or in a plug connector housing or the like. In general, the plug connector modules each have a substantially cuboidal insulating body or a cuboidal housing. These insulating bodies or housings can serve, for example, as contact carriers and receive and fix contacts of very different kinds. The functioning of a plug connector formed in this way is therefore highly flexible. For example, pneumatic modules, optical modules, modules for transmitting electrical energy and/or electrical analog and/or digital signals can be received in the respective insulating body or housing and therefore used in the plug connector modular system. Plug connector modules increasingly perform measurement- and data-related tasks too. Holding frames which are formed from two frame halves which are connected to one another in an articulated manner are optimally used. The plug connector modules are provided with approximately rectangular holder means or devices which project from the narrow sides. Recesses or openings which are designed as openings that are closed on all sides and which the holder means or devices enter when the plug connector modules are inserted into the holding frame are provided in the side parts of the frame halves. So-called articulated frames are used most frequently. For the purpose of inserting the plug connector modules, the holding frame1is folded open, i.e., opened, wherein the frame halves are folded open about the articulations only to such an extent that the plug connector modules can be inserted. The frame halves are then folded together, i.e., the holding frame is closed, wherein the holder means or devices enter the recesses and create secure, interlocking holding of the plug connector modules in the holding frame. The above-described modular industrial plug connectors provide a high degree of flexibility and can be configured for a very wide variety of fields of use by way of plug connector modules with different functions being installed together in a common holding frame. However, the number of plug connector module spaces in a holding frame is limited. As a result, the flexibility of an industrial plug connector of this kind is limited. The German Patent and Trade Mark Office has searched the following prior art in the priority application relating to the present application: DE 10 2017 123 331 B3, DE 10 2014 108 847 A1 and DE 202 14 132 U1. BRIEF SUMMARY According to embodiments of the invention, a plug connector module is provided which expands the spectrum of use of an industrial plug connector. The plug connector module according to embodiments of the invention is intended for use in a modular industrial plug connector. In this case, a plurality of similar and/or different plug connector modules are generally installed in a so-called holding frame. The holding frame is then subsequently installed in a plug connector housing or a device wall. The plug connector module according to embodiments of the invention is formed from at least two independent functional units. A functional unit forms an independent component. This means that the functional unit can function independently, that is to say without a further functional unit connected to it. A functional unit is not rendered technically usable just by joining together two or more functional units to form a plug connector module. A functional unit advantageously has at least one contact element and/or one sensor and/or one edge computer. The edge computer can collect, store, process and transmit data for example. The contact element may be, for example, an electrical contact element for power or signal transmission. The contact element may also be an optical contact element to which, for example, an optical waveguide is connected. A functional unit can have a plurality of contact elements, in particular also a plurality of different contact elements. For example, electrical and optical contact elements can be mixed with one another. The sensor may be, for example, a current sensor which monitors an adjacent contact element, for example arranged in an adjacent functional unit. However, temperature sensors, optical sensors, in particular scattered light sensors or other sensors, can also be provided. A functional unit can also contain a plurality of sensors, in particular also different sensors. A functional unit can also contain a sensor or a plurality of sensors and at the same time a contact element or a plurality of contact elements. The functional units of a plug connector module can operate entirely independently of one another. However, the functional units may also experience a synergy effect due to the joining, in particular when sensors of one functional unit are combined with contact elements of another functional unit. In an advantageous development of the invention, the plug connector module comprises or consists of a first functional unit and at least one second functional unit, wherein the first functional unit has another type of contact elements and/or a different number of contact elements and/or contact elements with a different cable connection technique to the second functional unit. For example, solid contact elements for transmitting power, for example for an electric motor, can be provided in a first functional unit. More delicate contact elements for signal transmission, for example for controlling said electric motor, can be present in the second functional unit which is connected to the first functional unit. The contact elements of the first functional unit can be electrically connectable to a conductor of a connected cable, for example using the so-called crimping technique. The contact elements of the second functional unit can be equipped, for example, with a so-called screw connection. In this way, different cable connection techniques can be realized within one plug connector module. The individual functional units can be welded or adhesively bonded to one another to form a plug connector module for example. However, it is advantageous when a fastening means or device is integrally formed on the side wall of the functional unit, by way of which fastening means or device a first functional unit and a second functional unit can be reversibly fixed to one another. As a result, the functional units can be combined with one another in a simple manner and possibly also reused. Advantageously, a first fastening means or device is integrally formed on a side wall of the first functional unit and a second fastening means or device is integrally formed on a side wall of the second functional unit, wherein the first and the second fastening means or devices are configured in a complementary manner to one another. As a result, reliable and primarily tool-free assembly of the plug connector module can be ensured. The contours of the fastening mean(s) or devices can be designed differently, so that only specific functional units can be combined with one another. For example, it makes no sense to combine an optical sensor of a first functional unit with an electrical contact element of a second functional unit. As a result, faulty assembly of a plug connector module can be pre-emptively prevented. The functional unit may include a holder means or device on a side wall thereof for fixing the plug connector module in a holding frame. The holding frame which is completely fitted with plug connector modules can be installed in an industrial plug connector. In general, a first functional unit has a first holder means or device on a side wall and a second functional unit has a second holder means or device on a side wall. The holder means or devices then engage in corresponding openings of a holding frame, for fixing the plug connector module in the holding frame, as already described above. The fastening means or devices and the holder means or devices are arranged on opposite side walls of the functional unit. The first and the second holder means or devices may have a different geometry. The openings in the holding frame are matched to the respective geometry. As a result, the orientation of the plug connector module, the so-called polarization, is defined. This measure facilitates the assembly of an industrial plug connector comprising the plug connector modules according to embodiments of the invention. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the plug connector module has a shielding element, wherein the shielding element, for electromagnetic shielding, is arranged between two adjacent functional units. The shielding element is formed from a metal material, in particular a sheet metal. If, for example, signal contact elements are arranged in the functional units, so-called crosstalk of the signal contact elements is prevented by the shielding. As a result, the plug connector module provides good signal integrity. The plug connector module may also include a strain-relief element. The strain-relief element prevents excessively high transverse forces acting on the plug connector module, as a result of which the functional units could otherwise be torn apart. The strain-relief element can be arranged between two adjacent functional units and can form a functional unit with the shielding element for example. The way in which a holding frame is fitted with a plug connector module according to embodiments of the invention is described below: First, a first functional unit is combined with at least one second functional unit to form a plug connector module. The plug connector modules produced in this way can then be inserted into a holding frame. If the holding frame is a so-called articulated frame, the frame halves of the holding frame are folded open and the combined plug connector module is then inserted between the frame halves. This process can be repeated until the capacity of the holding frame for receiving plug connector modules is exhausted. However, insertion spaces can also remain free in a holding frame in order to be able to possibly retrofit yet further plug connector modules later if, for example, a machine is technically upgraded. Plug connector modules which are constructed from functional units can be used when fitting the holding frame. However, commercially available plug connector modules which do not consist of functional units of this kind can also be used. Depending on the proportion of holding frames which comprise plug connector modules consisting of functional units, the first method step “combining” has to be carried out n times. The method step “inserting” takes place m times analogously to the total number of plug connector modules. The numbers n and m originate from the set of natural numbers, wherein n is less than or equal to m. Openings are respectively provided in the respective frame halves, the holder means or devices of the plug connector module(s) entering said openings during insertion. When the frame halves are folded together, the holder means or devices enter the openings completely, as a result of which interlocking holding of the plug connector module or of the plug connector modules in the holding frame is produced. Conductors of a generally multi-core cable are respectively connected to the individual plug connector modules. After the holding frame has been fitted with a desired number of plug connector modules, said holding frame is installed in a plug connector housing of an industrial plug connector.

11387173

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to a lead frame and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device including the lead frame. BACKGROUND Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which after a lead frame is encapsulated in resin, unnecessary resin is pushed with a break pin to be removed. PRIOR ART Patent Literature Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-128930 SUMMARY Technical Problem A runner which is part of unnecessary resin is pushed with a runner pushing pin to flick away the runner. The flicking away of the runner is preferably performed in a state in which part of a tie bar is held with a holding jig. For fixing a tie bar in place with a holding jig, a large tie bar width is desirable. Meanwhile, a tie bar is a portion which is cut before product completion. Accordingly, for easily cutting a tie bar, a small tie bar width is desirable. Thus, there has been a problem that reducing a tie bar width makes it difficult to fix the tie bar in place with a holding jig and increasing a tie bar width makes it impossible to easily cut the tie bar. The present invention has been accomplished to solve the above-described problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lead frame including a tie bar which can easily be held with a holding jig and cut and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using the lead frame. Means for Solving the Problems A lead frame according to the invention of the present application includes a first lead terminal, a second lead terminal provided parallel to the first lead terminal, and a tie bar connecting the first lead terminal and the second lead terminal, wherein the tie bar includes a first narrow-width section touching the first lead terminal, a second narrow-width section touching the second lead terminal, a wide-width section having a larger width than the first narrow-width section and the second narrow-width section and connecting the first narrow-width section and the second narrow-width section, and the wide-width section has a through-hole formed between the first narrow-width section and the second narrow-width section. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the invention of the present application includes the steps of fixing a semiconductor device to a lead frame includes a first lead terminal, a second lead terminal, and a tie bar connecting the first lead terminal and the second lead terminal, the tie bar includes a first narrow-width section touching the first lead terminal, a second narrow-width section touching the second lead terminal, and a wide-width section having a larger width than the first narrow-width section and the second narrow-width section and connecting the first narrow-width section and the second narrow-width section, performing transfer molding to form resin covering the semiconductor device using a runner channel provided along the tie bar, performing removal by fixing any one of an upper end portion and a lower end portion of the wide-width section of the tie bar with a holding jig and inserting a runner pushing pin into a through-hole provided between the first narrow-width section and the second narrow-width section in the wide-width section to flick away a runner adhering to the tie bar, and cutting the first narrow-width section and the second narrow-width section. Other features of the present invention will be revealed below. Advantageous Effects of Invention In this invention, a tie bar has a large width portion and a small width portion. Accordingly, the tie bar can easily be held with a holding jig, and the tie bar can easily be cut.

11532792

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is the U.S. National Phase under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/KR2018/007876 filed on Jul. 11, 2018, which in turn claims the benefit of Korean Application No. 10-2017-0087728, filed on Jul. 11, 2017, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference into the present application. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure pertains to an organic light-emitting diode having high efficiency and, more particularly, to an organic light-emitting diode exhibiting high efficiency, in which a material having a specific structure is used for a hole injecting layer or a hole transport layer in a light-emitting layer. BACKGROUND ART Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), based on self-luminescence, are used to create digital displays with the advantage of having a wide viewing angle and being able to be made thinner and lighter than liquid crystal displays. In addition, an OLED display exhibits a very fast response time. Accordingly, OLEDs find applications in the full color display field or the illumination field. In general, the term “organic light-emitting phenomenon” refers to a phenomenon in which electrical energy is converted to light energy by means of an organic material. An organic light-emitting diode using the organic light-emitting phenomenon has a structure usually including an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer interposed therebetween. In this regard, the organic layer may have, for the most part, a multilayer structure consisting of different materials, for example, a hole injecting layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injecting layer in order to enhance the efficiency and stability of the organic light-emitting diode. In the organic light-emitting diode having such a structure, application of a voltage between the two electrodes injects a hole from the anode and an electron from the cathode to the organic layer. In the luminescent zone, the hole and the electron recombine to produce an exciton. When the exciton returns to the ground state from the excited state, the molecule of the organic layer emits light. Such an organic light-emitting diode is known to have characteristics such as self-luminescence, high luminance, high efficiency, low driving voltage, a wide viewing angle, high contrast, and high-speed response. Materials used as organic layers in OLEDs may be divided into luminescent materials and charge transport materials, for example, a hole injecting material, a hole transport material, an electron injection material, and an electron transport material according to the functions thereof and, as needed, further into an electron-blocking material or a hole-blocking material. With regard to related arts pertaining to hole transport layers, reference may be made to Korean Patent No. 10-1074193 (issued Oct. 14, 2011), which describes an organic light-emitting diode using as a hole transport layer a compound having a core structure in which a carbazole structure is fused with at least one benzene ring, and Korean Patent No. 10-1455156 (issued Oct. 27, 2014), which describes an organic light-emitting diode in which the HOMO energy level of an auxiliary light-emitting layer is set between those of a hole transport layer and a light-emitting layer. In spite of enormous effort for fabricating organic light-emitting diodes as in conventional technologies including the cited documents, however, there is still continued need to develop novel organic light-emitting diodes having more improved emission efficacy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem Therefore, the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a novel organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with high efficiency, wherein a hole injecting layer or hole transport layer material having a specific structure is employed. Technical Solution The present disclosure provides an organic light-emitting diode, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a hole injecting layer or a hole transport layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a light-emitting layer, wherein the hole injecting layer or the hole transport layer comprises at least one of the amine compounds represented by the following Chemical Formula A or B: wherein, A1, A2, E, and F, which may be the same or different, are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring of 6 to 50 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring of 2 to 40 carbon atoms; wherein two adjacent carbon atoms within the aromatic ring of A1and two adjacent carbon atoms within the aromatic ring of A2form a 5-membered ring with a carbon atom connected to both substituents R1and R2, thus establishing a fused ring structure; linkers L1to L6, which may be the same or different, are each independently selected from among a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene of 1 to 60 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene of 2 to 60 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynylene of 2 to 60 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene of 3 to 60 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene of 2 to 60 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene of 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene of 2 to 60 carbon atoms; M is selected from among N—R3, CR4R5, SiR6R7, GeR8R9, O, S, and Se; R1to R9and Ar1to Ar4, which may be the same or different, are each independently selected from among a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl of 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl of 5 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl of 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylthioxy of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylthioxy of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylamine of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylamine of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylsilyl of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl germanium of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl germanium of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a cyano, a nitro, and a halogen, wherein R1and R2may be connected to each other to form a mono- or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring which may bear at least one heteroatom selected from among N, O, P, Si, S, Ge, Se, and Te as a ring member; p1 and p2, r1 and r2, and s1 and s2 are each independently an integer of 1 to 3, under which when any of them is 2 or greater, the corresponding linkers L1to L6may be the same or different, Ar1and Ar2may be connected to each other to form a ring and Ar3and Ar4may be connected to each other to form a ring; two adjacent carbon atoms within the A2ring in Chemical Formula A are linked to respective * of structure formula Q1to form a fused ring; and two adjacent carbon atoms within the A1ring in Chemical Formula B are linked to respective * of structure formula Q2to form a fused ring and two adjacent carbon atoms within the A2ring in Chemical Formula B are linked to respective * of structure formula Q1to form a fused ring. Advantageous Effect The organic light-emitting diode according to the present disclosure can exhibit more improved emission efficacy than conventional organic light-emitting diodes.

11294392

CROSS-REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATION This application claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0100318 filed on Aug. 27, 2018 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirely by reference. BACKGROUND 1. Field Apparatuses and methods consistent with exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept relate to determining a road line in a drivable road area. 2. Description of the Related Art Visual information augmentation technologies are provided to assist steering of a vehicle and other transportation means. In such technology, various methods are used to extract a lane marking or road information from a driving image. For example, when pixel information on a long-distance image is insufficient, when a lane marking is obscured by various objects in a road environment, when a road line is not well detected due to shadows during driving on a shoulder of the road, when a road line is worn out, or when a road line is indefinitely merged or split, it is difficult to accurately detect a road line from an image. When accurate lane detection is not performed, difficulties may arise in providing accurate information for driving of the vehicle such as vehicle control, route determination, and the like. SUMMARY The inventive concept provides various exemplary methods and apparatuses for determining a road line for an undetected road line of a road considering a drivable road area when a vehicle is being driven along the road. According to exemplary embodiments, there is provided a method of determining a road line of a road for a vehicle to drive along. The method may include: performing detection of two road lines of a lane in which the vehicle is driving from a driving image; determining whether at least one road line of the two road lines is not detected; if it is determined that the at least one road line is not detected, determining at least one road line for the at least one undetected road line based on first information about a drivable road area comprising the road; and controlling driving of the vehicle based on the at least one determined road line. According to exemplary embodiments, there is provided an apparatus for determining a road line of a road for a vehicle to drive along. The apparatus may include: a sensor configured to acquire a driving image; and a processor configured to perform detection of two road lines of a lane in which the vehicle is driving from the driving image, determine whether at least one road line of the two road lines is not detected, determine, if it is determined that the at least one road line is not detected, at least one road line for the at least one undetected road line based on first information about a drivable road area, and control driving of the vehicle based on the at least one determined road line. According to exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method of controlling driving of a vehicle which may include: determining whether at least one road line is not detected while the vehicle is being driven; if it is determined that the at least one road line is not detected while the vehicle is being driven, predicting at least one road line for at least one undetected road line using at least one of information about the road obtained from the driving image and prestored information about the road, and correcting the at least one predicted road line to be included in a drivable road area; determining the at least one corrected road line as the at least one undetected road line; and controlling the driving of the vehicle based on the at least one determined road line, wherein the drivable road area is determined based on pixel values of a driving image captured by a sensor installed in the vehicle.

11527271

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims the benefit of European Patent Application No. 20194694.4 filed Sep. 4, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. FIELD The present invention relates to a self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device. BACKGROUND Electronic systems that are used in environments in which the electronic circuits are exposed to radiation require integrated correction mechanisms. The publication N. D. Hindman, L. T. Clark, D. W. Patterson, and K. E. Holbert, “Fully automated testable design of fine-grained triple mode redundant logic,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 3046-3052, October 2011, hereinafter referred to as Hindman et al., discloses a voting feedback circuit for triple modular redundant (TMR) self-correcting flip-flops comprising three flip-flops. Each of the flip-flops comprises a master latch and a slave latch, wherein the feedback loop of the slave latch of each of the flop-flops comprises a majority gate driven by the other redundant copies of the flop-flip. SUMMARY A self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device in accordance with the present invention is defined in claim1. Accordingly, a self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device is described, which comprises an odd number of at least three bistable-memory elements and a majority voter. The bistable-memory elements receive each a respective binary data signal, a respective binary clock signal, and a respective binary feedback-signal. Each of the bistable-memory elements is configured toin response to the binary clock signal assuming a first clock-signal value, provide a binary output signal with an output-signal value correlated to a data-signal value of the data signal, andin response to the binary clock signal assuming a second clock-signal value, provide the output signal with the output-signal value indicative of a current feedback-signal value of the feed-back signal. Furthermore, the majority voter receives the output signal of each of the bistable-memory elements and is configured to provide the feedback signal with the feedback-signal value indicative of that output-signal value taken on by a majority of the currently received output signals. The self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device of the present invention is based on the recognition that redundancy of bistable-memory elements in combination with a majority voter in the feedback path of the bistable-memory elements increases a robustness of stored information against radiation. The redundancy of the memory elements is particularly advantageous against Single Event Upsets (SEUs), wherein a value stored in one of the memory elements is changed due to a direct particle strike. The self-correction is particularly advantageous for those electronic circuits in which data is left unchanged for an extended amount of time, e.g. in electronic circuits that use a gated clock. In those electronic circuits, multiple SEUs occurring over the extended period of time can affect a majority of the redundant memory elements such that redundancy itself is not sufficient to protect the memory elements against SEUs. The self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device achieves a simplification and reduction in size in comparison with known devices by having a single majority voter in the feedback path of all bistable-memory elements, wherein the feedback signal of the majority voter is fed back to each of the bistable-memory elements to close the feedback path. The binary data signal, the binary clock signal, and the binary feedback signal each holds one of two possible values at any moment in time. Hereinafter, those values are referred to as HIGH or “1” and LOW or “0”. Moreover, the first clock-signal value is either defined as HIGH or as LOW, wherein the second clock-signal value is defined as the opposite value. In the following, preferred embodiments of the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device will be described. In one embodiment of the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device, each bistable-memory element additionally receives a SET-signal. Moreover, the bistable-memory element is configured to, if indicated by a SET-signal value of the SET-signal, provide the binary output signal with the output-signal value set to HIGH independently of the data-signal value of the data signal and the clock-signal value of the clock signal. In another embodiment of the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device, the bistable-memory element additionally or alternatively receives a RESET-signal and the bistable-memory element is configured to, if indicated by the RESET-signal, provide the output signal with the output-signal value set to LOW independently of the data-signal value of the data signal and the clock-signal value of the clock signal. In yet another embodiment of the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device, the bistable-memory elements receive the binary data signal or the binary clock signal in parallel. In an alternative embodiment, the bistable-memory elements each receive a different binary data signal or binary clock signal, wherein the different binary data signals or binary clock signals are indicative of a common binary data signal and a binary clock signal, respectively. In a preferred embodiment, the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device further comprises a feedback-SET-filter unit that receives, as a filter-input signal, the feedback signal. The single-event-transient filter unit is configured to provide, as a filter-output signal, to at least one of the bistable-memory elements a filtered feedback signal, which corresponds to the received feedback signal from which at least a part of signal disturbances caused by single-event transients is removed. This embodiment is particularly advantageous, for removing glitches causes by single-event transients from the feedback signal. The word remove in this regard also comprises a delay of the feedback signal, such that a glitch caused by a single-event transient lies outside of a time window where it affects the at least one bistable-memory element. In yet another preferred embodiment, the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device further comprises a data-SET-filter unit that receives, as a filter-input signal, one data signal and is configured to provide, as a filter-output signal, to at least one of the bistable-memory elements a filtered data signal, which corresponds to the received data signal from which at least a part of signal disturbances caused by single-event transients is removed. This embodiment is particularly advantageous, for removing glitches caused by single-event transients from the data signal. The word remove in this regard also comprises a delay of the data signal, such that a glitch caused by a single-event transient lies outside of a time window where it affects the at least one bistable-memory element. In another preferred embodiment, the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device further comprises a clock-SET-filter unit that receives, as a filter-input signal, the clock signal and is configured to provide, as a filter-output signal, to at least one of the bistable-memory elements a filtered clock signal, which corresponds to the received clock signal from which at least a part of signal disturbances caused by single-event transients is removed. This embodiment is particularly advantageous, for removing glitches caused by single-event transients from the clock signal. The word remove in this regard also comprises a delay of the clock signal, such that a glitch caused by a single-event transient lies outside of a time window where it affects the at least one bistable-memory element. In variants of embodiments comprising the feedback-SET-filter unit or the data-SET-filter unit or the clock-SET-filter unit compriseat least one delay unit which receives the filter-input signal and is configured to provide, as the filtered-output signal, the filter-input signal delayed by a predetermined time-span, orat least one guard gate that receives the filter-input signal and a filter-input signal delayed by a predetermined time span and is configured to provide, as the filter-output signal, a signal that is correlated to the filter-input signal and the delayed filter-input signal. The use of delay units is particularly advantageous to shift the filter-input signal in time such that any glitches caused by single-event transients are shifted outside of a time window where they do not affect the bistable-memory elements. The use of the guard gate receiving a signal and a time-delayed copy of the signal is particularly advantageous for removing from the signal glitches of short duration, such as those caused by single-event transients. The delay unit and the guard gate can be present at the same time. In a further embodiment, each of the bistable-memory elements comprised within the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device is configured to, in response to the binary clock signal assuming the first clock-signal value, provide the binary output signal with the output-signal value indicative of that data-signal value assumed by the data signal during a last preceding transition of the clock-signal value from the second clock-signal value to the first clock-signal value. This embodiment is particularly advantageous, because functioning of each of the bistable-memory elements corresponds to that of a self-correcting flip-flop. In a variant of this embodiment, each of the bistable-memory elements comprises a latch and an open-latch. The latch receives the data signal and the clock signal and is configured toin response to the binary clock signal assuming the second clock-signal value, provide an intermediate-output signal with an intermediate-output-signal value indicative of the current data-signal value of the data signal, andin response to the binary clock signal assuming the first clock-signal value, provide the intermediate-output signal with the intermediate-output-signal value indicative of that data-signal value assumed by the data signal when the clock signal last assumed the second clock-signal value. Moreover, the open-latch receives the intermediate-output signal, the feedback signal, and the clock signal and is configured toin response to the binary clock signal assuming the first clock-signal value, provide the output signal with the output-signal value indicative of the current intermediate-output-signal value of the intermediate-output signal, andin response to the binary clock signal assuming the second clock-signal value, provide the output signal with the output-signal value indicative of the current feedback-signal value of the feed-back signal. In this embodiment, the latch corresponds to a regular latch known from the prior art. The open-latch, on the other hand, corresponds to a latch whose feedback path is opened to include the majority voter into the feedback path. This embodiment is particularly advantageous, because the bistable-memory elements function as self-correcting flip-flops. Moreover, by including the majority voter into the feedback path of the open-latch, a reduction in size and complexity of the integrated circuit is enabled. In another embodiment of the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device, each of the bistable-memory elements is configured to, in response to the binary clock signal assuming a first clock-signal value, provide a binary output signal with an output-signal value indicative of a current data-signal value of the data signal. This embodiment is particularly advantageous, because the functioning of each of the bistable-memory elements corresponds to that of a self-correcting latch. In a variant of this embodiment, each of the bistable-memory elements comprises an open-latch. The open-latch receives the data signal, the clock signal, and the feedback signal. Furthermore, the open-latch is configured toin response to the binary clock signal assuming the first clock-signal value, provide the output signal with the output-signal value indicative of the current data-signal value of the data signal, andin response to the binary clock signal assuming the second clock-signal value, provide the output signal with the output-signal value indicative of the current feedback-signal value of the feedback signal. This embodiment is particularly advantageous, because the functioning of each of the open-latches corresponds to that of a self-correcting flip-flop. In a variant of those embodiments of the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device that comprise open-latches, each of the open-latches comprises a data-forwarding circuit. The data-forwarding circuit receives the clock signal and either, in the case that the bistable-memory element only comprises an open-latch, the data signal or, in the case that the bistable-memory element comprises a latch and an open-latch, the intermediate-output signal, both hereinafter identically referred to as logic signal. Moreover, the data-forwarding circuit is configured to, in response to the binary clock signal assuming the first clock-signal value, provide the output signal with the output-signal value indicative of a current logic-signal value of the logic signal to the majority voter. Furthermore, the data-forwarding circuit is configured, in response to the binary clock signal assuming the second clock-signal value, prevent the provision of the output signal by the data-forwarding circuit. This embodiment is particularly advantageous, because the data-forwarding circuit provides an efficient realization of a part of the functionality of the open-latch. In yet another variant of those embodiments of the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device that comprise open-latches, each of the open-latches comprises a feedback-forwarding circuit. The feedback-forwarding circuit receives the feedback signal and the clock signal. Moreover, the feedback-forwarding circuit is configured to, in response to the binary clock signal assuming the second clock-signal value, provide the output signal with the output-signal value indicative of the current feedback-signal value of the feedback signal to the majority voter. Furthermore, the feedback-forwarding circuit is configured to, in response to the binary clock signal assuming the first clock-signal value, prevent the provision of the output signal by the feedback-forwarding circuit. This embodiment is particularly advantageous, because the feedback-forwarding circuit provides an efficient realization of a part of the functionality of the open-latch. In variants of the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device that comprise a feedback-relay device or a data-relay device, the data-forwarding circuit or the feedback-forwarding circuit comprise a tristate inverter or a combination of a transmission gate and a C-element. The embodiment is particularly advantageous, because tristate inverters or a combination of a transmission gate and a C-element allow an efficient realization of a feedback-forwarding circuit and a data-forwarding circuit. In yet another embodiment of the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device, the number of bistable-memory elements is three. This embodiment is particularly advantageous, because three bistable-memory elements form the minimal amount of redundant data storage elements that allow a majority voting. Therefore, this embodiment is particularly cost and space efficient. In a further embodiment, the self-correcting modular-redundancy-memory device comprises an output interface for externally providing the feedback signal. The feedback signal corresponds to the data stored in the redundant bistable-memory elements corrected by the majority voter. Therefore, this embodiment is particularly advantageous, because it provides the means to provide the corrected output of the bistable-memory elements for further external processing. In another embodiment, each of the bistable-memory elements is configured to receive a same clock signal. In an alternative embodiment, each of the bistable-memory elements is configured to receive a respective clock-signal that is phase-shifted with respect to the other clock signals received by the remaining bistable-memory elements. It shall be understood that a preferred embodiment of the present invention can also be any combination of the dependent claims or above embodiments with the respective independent claim. These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.

11480518

TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to investigating or analyzing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using infra-red, visible or ultra-violet light. In particular, this disclosure is related to infrared spectroscopy and imaging with spatial resolution down to the sub-micron scale using an optical photothermal detection technique. BACKGROUND Optical photothermal techniques have been described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,091,594 and 9,841,324, for example. These references often refer to the technique by different names and acronyms. For the purposes of this application, these techniques collectively will be referred to as Optical Photothermal Infrared (OPTIR). Several research groups have worked in this general field of OPTIR, including researchers at Naval Research Laboratory, Purdue University, Notre Dame University, Boston University, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Instruments developed in these labs use visible light beams to probe the photothermal response of samples in response to absorption of infrared radiation. Potentially relevant background publications and patents include: (1) R. Furstenberg, C. A. Kendziora, M. R. Papantonakis, V. Nguyen and R. A. McGill, “Chemical Imaging using Infrared Photo-thermal Microspectroscopy” Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8374, 837411 (2012); (2) R. Furstenberg, C. Kendziora, N. D. Bassim, R. A. McGill, and V. K. Nguyen, U.S. Pat. No. 9,091,594 B2 (2015); (3) C. Li, D. Zhang, M. N. Slipchenko, and J.-X. Cheng, Anal. Chem., 89, 9, 4863-4867 (2017); (4) D. Zhang, C. Li, C. Zhang, M. N. Slipchenko, G. Eakins, and J.-X. Cheng, Science Advances, 2, 9, e1600521 (2016). (5) Z. Li, K. Aleshire, M. Kuno, and G. V. Hartland, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 121, 37, 8838-8846 (2017); (6) Z. Li, M. Kuno, and G. Hartland, “Super-resolution imaging with mid-IR photothermal microscopy on the single particle level”, in SPIE Nanoscience+ Engineering (International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2015), p. 954912-954912-954918; (7) Z. Li, M. Kuno, and G. Hartland, “Super-resolution Mid-infrared Imaging using Photothermal Microscopy”, in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Optical Society of America, San Jose, Calif., 2016), p. ATu3J.7.; (8) A. Mërtiri, A. Totachawattana, H. Liu, M. K. Hong, T. Gardner, M. Y. Sander, and S. Erramilli, “Label free mid-IR photothermal imaging of bird brain with quantum cascade laser”, in CLEO: Applications and Technology (Optical Society of America, 2014), p. AF1B. 4; (9) M. Y. Sander, “Mid-infrared photothermal imaging”, in Laser Science (Optical Society of America, 2015), p. LM1I. 2; (9) U.S. Pat. No. 9,091,594 B2, entitled “Chemical mapping using thermal microscopy at the micro and nano scales,” assigned to the U.S. Secretary of Navy. There are also devices that have been constructed using off axis illumination and camera sensors to detect photothermal modulation of laser speckle, as discussed, for example, in A. M. Stolyarov, R. M. Sullenberger, D. R. Crompton, T. H. Jeys, B. G. Saar, and W. D. Herzog, Opt. Lett., 40, 24, 5786-5789 (2015), as well as variations in light scattering, as discussed, for example, in R. M. Sullenberger, S. M. Redmond, D. Crompton, A. M. Stolyarov, and W. D. Herzog, Opt. Lett., 42, 2, 203-206 (2017). These approaches, however, are not suitable for microscopy applications for sub-micron dimensions because of focal length/numerical aperture limitations placed on sample imaging optics. A key limitation in the prior art of photothermal imaging and spectroscopy is that the photothermal effect due to IR absorption can be quite small. For example, the total intensity modulation in collected probe light due to absorption of IR radiation by the sample can be three to six orders of magnitude less than the average intensity of the total collected probe light. Because of this, it can be a challenge to detect small absorptions of IR radiation, either from weakly absorbing samples, samples with weak photothermal responses, microscopically small amounts of sample material, or combinations of these factors. Increasing the measurement time to accomplish orders of magnitude increases in precision is often not practicable. Measurement precision increases proportional to the square root of the sampling time, however, and so increasing the precision of an OPTIR detector by increasing sampling time is limited as a practical matter. For example, one order of magnitude improvement in precision requires sampling times to be increased by a factor of 100. SUMMARY According to embodiments described herein, microscopic analysis of a sample uses asymmetric interferometry techniques to improve characterization of infrared absorption characteristics of the sample. According to one embodiment, an apparatus for microscopic analysis of a sample improves characterization of infrared absorption of the sample. The apparatus includes a source of infrared radiation configured to illuminate the sample with a beam of infrared radiation and a source of probe radiation configured to emit a beam of probe radiation. The apparatus further includes an asymmetric interferometer including a beam splitter configured to divide the beam of probe radiation onto at least two paths. A first path is directed towards the sample such that the beam of probe radiation on the first path at least partially overlaps the beam of infrared radiation, and a second path is directed towards a reference reflector. A beam combiner is configured to create an interference of probe radiation reflected from the sample along the first path with probe radiation reflected from the reference reflector along the second path, wherein a power of the probe radiation reflected along the second path is greater than a power of the probe radiation reflected along the first path. A detector is configured to detect the interference of probe radiation for use in producing a signal indicative of infrared absorption of the sample. In embodiments, a phase feedback loop is configured to measure and adjust a relative phase of the probe radiation along the first path versus the second path. The phase feedback loop can include an amplifier, a demodulator, and a processor configured to adjust the length of the second path to maintain constructive interference between the probe radiation reflected from the sample along the second path and the probe radiation reflected from the reference reflector along the first path. The apparatus can further include a quadrature interferometer configured to measure and adjust a relative phase of the probe radiation along the first path versus the second path. In embodiments, the beam splitter and the beam combiner can both comprise a common beam splitting optical component. The beam splitting optical component reflects about 50% of incident light and transmits about 50% of incident light. The detector can include a plurality of detectors with a difference in optical phase between at least two of the detectors for use in reconstructing the signal at any phase. According to another embodiment, a method for microscopic analysis of a sample to provide improved characterization of infrared absorption of the sample includes illuminating the sample with a beam of infrared radiation to create an infrared illuminated spot on the sample, producing a beam of probe radiation, and dividing the beam of probe radiation at a beam splitter onto at least two paths. The two paths include a first path that is directed towards the sample such that the beam of probe radiation on the first path at least partially overlaps the beam of infrared radiation, and a second path that is directed towards a reference reflector. The method further includes recombining the probe radiation reflected from the sample along the first path and the probe radiation reflected off the reference reflector along the second path to create an interference of probe radiation, wherein a power of the probe radiation reflected along the second path is greater than a power of the probe radiation reflected along the first path, and detecting the interference of probe radiation for use in producing a signal indicative of infrared absorption of the sample. In embodiments, the method further includes measuring and adjusting a relative phase of the probe radiation along the first path versus the second path. In embodiments, the phase feedback loop comprises an amplifier, a demodulator, and a processor, and wherein the method further comprises actively adjusting a length of the second path to maintain constructive interference between the probe radiation reflected from the sample along the first path and the probe radiation reflected from the reference reflector along the second path. The method can include measuring and adjusting a relative phase of the probe radiation along the first path versus the second path with a quadrature interferometer. Dividing and recombining may both be accomplished with a common beam splitting optical component. The beam splitting optical component reflects about 50% of incident light and transmits about 50% of incident light, in embodiments. Recombining may include using a plurality of detectors with a difference in optical phase between at least two of the plurality of detectors for use in reconstructing the signal at any phase. The above summary is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the subject matter hereof. The figures and the detailed description that follow more particularly exemplify various embodiments.

11505294

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to subsea baskets or garages for unmanned underwater vehicles or UUVs, especially autonomous underwater vehicles or AUVs. An AUV is an example of a UUV, another example being a remotely operated vehicle or ROV. UUVs are used widely in the subsea oil and gas industry to perform subsea inspections and interventions. They may be used wherever it is inappropriate or impossible to use divers. Conventionally, a UUV is handled from a surface support vessel. The support vessel manages launch and recovery of the UUV, typically using a launch and recovery system (LARS). A LARS may, for example, comprise a cursor that slides into and out of the water along vertical rails fixed to the vessel. Where the UUV is an ROV, a pilot flies the ROV during its subsea mission. Typically the pilot is based aboard the surface support vessel, to which the ROV remains tethered throughout. Where the UUV is an AUV, the AUV flies itself automatically during its subsea mission in accordance with a predetermined program or in response to events that arise during the mission. Typically the AUV is untethered but flies itself back to a subsea garage or docking station periodically for battery charging and data transfer. This saves the complexity and delay of recovering the AUV to the surface on each occasion. More generally, there is a trend toward permanent or indefinite subsea installation of UUVs to provide a resident capability at a subsea site. The UUV will typically have access to a subsea docking station that is connected to nearby subsea infrastructure for power and communications. For ROVs, a tether management system (TMS) may be used as a simple subsea docking station or as a garage. For example, in WO 2001/53149, an ROV is docked to the TMS when required. In WO 2015/020529, an ROV enters a frame between missions. However as ROVs remain physically connected to the surface support vessel, there is no need for a more sophisticated garage of the kind required by AUVs. For AUVs, the most common subsea docking solutions involve a simple docking station for battery charging as in WO 2001/21476 and US 2015/376851. Another common approach, especially when an AUV is torpedo-shaped, is a lateral-entry garage—an example of which is disclosed in WO 2000/71415. Some suspended lateral-entry AUV garages or bases are known, for example as disclosed in WO 2014/173976. However, suspended structures are not practical for use as a permanent garage on the seabed because the entrance opening would then be at the level of the mudline, which would hinder AUV entry. In WO 2013/050411, for example, an AUV garage is mounted on a wellhead template and so has its entrance opening above the mudline. In the Applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 8,109,223, the launch and recovery function for an AUV is realised by a top-entry basket that is lowered to the seabed containing the AUV. The basket is left on the seabed to provide a subsea garage or docking station to which the AUV returns when battery charging and/or data transfer is required. Noting that AUVs operate on the principle of autonomy, a displaceable or relocatable garage like the basket of U.S. Pat. No. 8,109,223 allows more autonomy. The basket design even allows the garage to be separated from a support vessel to create a permanent garage on the seabed. However it remains possible eventually to recover the basket to the surface, either with or without an AUV inside. In WO 2012/156425, an AUV garage is embedded in a static structure. This is not as practical or flexible as the basket solution in U.S. Pat. No. 8,109,223 because the garage cannot be moved, which makes it impractical to recover the garage with or without the AUV. However, an advantage of embedding an AUV garage into a static structure is that it mitigates the risk of damage to the garage. Specifically, the structure provides solid frames that protect the roof of the garage against dropped objects and against fishing activity such as over-trawling, whether or not an AUV is housed inside. It is straightforward to reinforce the roof of a lateral-entry AUV garage for protection against dropped objects and over-trawling. However, it is not straightforward to confer such protection on a top-entry AUV garage like the basket of U.S. Pat. No. 8,109,223. In this respect, automation of recognition and docking of an AUV is more efficient with than with a lateral-entry garage because the AUV can arrive from any direction and exit in any direction. Thus, a rigid upstanding structure comprising posts like that of U.S. Pat. No. 8,109,223 is used as an identifying feature by an AUV's vision systems. However, the posts are a potential snagging point for trawl fishing nets. Also, an open-topped basket tends to be vulnerable to dropped objects. In principle, these problems could be solved by fitting a large protection structure over an entire subsea docking station or garage. However, such a solution would be complex to install, would hamper access required to raise or move the garage and would require a UUV to adapt its docking routine to suit the protection structure. EP 2196622 describes a module for performing interventions on a subsea wellhead, the module having a supporting structure and attachment means to enable docking with a wellhead structure. Once docked, the module performs tasks on the welhead using tools stored on the module. An apparatus for sampling and analysing fluid from a subsea well is described in GB 2460668. The apparatus includes a fluid processing device contained within a housing which can be positioned in close proximity to the wellhead for use. CN 1132710 describes an underwater recovery and control system for an autonomous underwater robot, the system including a rescue vessel for recovery of the robot to a base ship. In NZ 554981, an ROV is lowered to a worksite in a lateral-entry cage which remains suspended above the worksite while the ROV carries out tasks. WO 2012/156425 describes an AUV for monitoring a subsea environment, and an underwater station in which an AUV garage is embedded to house the AUV when not in use. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Against this background, the present invention provides a subsea garage for a UUV such as an AUV, the garage comprising: a body having a receptacle for the UUV, an open top providing a transit path for the UUV into and out of the receptacle and a base opposed to the open top, the base being arranged to lie on the seabed; and at least one post that is movable, subsea, relative to the body into a deployed position extending upwardly from the body above the open top. The or each post is preferably movable, subsea, relative to the body into a retracted position substantially beneath the open top. The or each post may be accommodated within the body or outside the body when in the retracted position, and may translate or rotate when moving relative to the body into the deployed position. Advantageously, the or each post may have a lifting formation for attachment to a lifting line to lift the subsea garage. Also, a crossbar structure may be attached to the or each post, in which case the crossbar structure may have a lifting formation for attachment to a lifting line to lift the subsea garage. The subsea garage preferably further comprises a lid that is movable, subsea, relative to the body between a closed position that closes the open top and an open position that allows the UUV to move along the transit path through the open top. Elegantly, the or each post may be linked to the lid to move the lid into the open position on deployment of the post. In another approach, the or each post may be linked to the lid to be deployed in response to movement of the lid into the open position. Alternatively, the or each post may be movable relative to the body for deployment after opening movement of the lid. The lid may also have a lifting formation for attachment to a lifting line to lift the subsea garage. Advantageously, the lid may be arranged to lift from the closed position to the open position while remaining over the open top of the body. The lid may be arranged to translate or to rotate from the closed position to the open position. For example, the lid may be arranged to rotate about a substantially horizontal axis or a substantially vertical axis offset to a side of the body. The lid may be in one piece or in sections that are arranged to move apart from each other as the lid moves from the closed position into the open position. Advantageously, sections of the lid may be arranged to move downwardly as they move apart. The subsea garage of the invention is preferably responsive to a command from, or presence of, the UUV to move the or each post and any lid into their deployed or open positions. The inventive concept also embraces a subsea garage for a UUV, the garage comprising: a body having a receptacle for the UUV, an open top providing a transit path for the UUV into and out of the receptacle and a base opposed to the open top, the base being arranged to lie on the seabed; at least one post extending upwardly from the body above the open top; and a lid that is movable subsea relative to the body between a closed position that closes the open top and an open position that allows the UUV to move along the transit path through the open top; wherein the lid encloses the post when in the closed position and exposes the post when in the open position. In this arrangement, the lid may comprise a top plate that lies over the post and a skirt depending from the top plate, which skirt lies beside the post when the lid is in the closed position. Preferably, the skirt of the lid extends from the top plate to the open top of the body when the lid is in the closed position. The lid is suitably arranged to lift from the closed position to the open position while remaining over the open top of the body. The inventive concept extends to a method of guiding a UUV into or out of a subsea garage that has an open-topped body. The method comprises: moving at least one post relative to the body, subsea, from a retracted position into a deployed position extending upwardly above the open top of the body; and with reference to the or each post, navigating the UUV along a transit path through the open top into or out of a receptacle within the body. The or each post may be moved in response to a command from, or presence of, the UUV. The method of the invention may be preceded or followed by lifting the subsea garage while bearing its weight through at least one post when the or each post is in the deployed position. A lid may be moved relative to the body, subsea, between a closed position that closes or blocks the open top and an open position that allows the UUV to move along the transit path through the open top. In that case, the or each post may be moved into the deployed position with the lid as the lid moves into the open position. Alternatively, the or each post may be moved into the deployed position after moving the lid into the open position. Where a lid is present, the method of the invention may be preceded or followed by lifting the subsea garage while bearing its weight through the lid when in the closed position. In the method of the invention, the or each post is preferably in the deployed position during any of the following phases, namely: entry of the UUV into the subsea garage; exit of the UUV from the subsea garage; and docking or undocking of the UUV in or from the subsea garage. Conversely, the or each post is preferably in the retracted position whenever: the UUV is not entering or exiting the subsea garage; and the subsea garage is not being lifted. The inventive concept also embraces a method of guiding a UUV into or out of a subsea garage having an open-topped body, that method comprising: exposing, subsea, at least one previously-enclosed post that extends upwardly above the open top of the body; and with reference to the or each post, navigating the UUV along a transit path through the open top into or out of a receptacle within the body. The or each post may be exposed by moving a lid relative to the body, subsea, between a closed position that closes the open top and an open position that allows the UUV to move along the transit path through the open top. Again, the lid is conveniently moved automatically in response to a command from, or presence of, the UUV. In preferred embodiments, the invention improves prior art solutions by creating a conical or frusto-conical skirt around the base of an AUV basket and implementing a telescopic post structure with a top lid that allows the basket to be enclosed completely when the AUV is in the basket or is out on-mission. When the AUV returns to the basket, it commands the lid to open, thus exposing the post feature that guides the AUV into the basket before the lid closes again. When closed with an AUV in the basket, the lid also acts as a restraint on the AUV during launch and recovery operations. The invention combines the advantages of hard-top garages, especially against trawling, with the accessibility and flexibility of top-entry baskets. One or more posts support a lid, cover or roof that generally protects the top of the basket. When an AUV approaches the basket or needs to exit the basket, the roof opens in such a way that the or each post is the only potential obstacle to lateral motion of the AUV. It is preferred that the roof lifts vertically by telescoping or extending two posts. Whether or not there is a roof, another function and advantage of an extensible post arrangement is to simplify connection of a basket lifting line for recovery because the or each post protrudes above the basket structure. In summary, preferred embodiments of the invention provide a basket for hosting at least one AUV, that basket being arranged to be laid on the seabed. The basket comprises: a basket-shape receptacle comprising at least one inner cavity; and at least one movable post. The movable post is extended during the phase of entry of the AUV into the basket, exit of the AUV from the basket and docking/undocking of the AUV in the basket. One or more movable posts may also be extended to facilitate lifting the basket. Conversely, the or each movable post may be retracted whenever an AUV is not entering or exiting the basket and whenever the basket is not being lifted. Extension or retraction of a movable post is preferably automated, more preferably in response to movement or planned movement of the AUV. The or each movable post preferably protrudes upwardly when extended. The movable post may be retractable, telescopic or swinging. The or each movable post preferably carries at least one lid element that can close the basket and that is capable of diverting incoming trawls. Preferably the lid element is substantially flat. It is also possible for the lid element to comprise at least one retractable means for connection to a lifting line. Similarly, the or each movable post preferably comprises means such as a shackle or padeye for connection to a lifting line.

11422251

The present invention relates to an angle-resolving radar sensor for motor vehicles, including an antenna array that includes multiple antennas configured for receiving, which are situated in different positions in a direction in which the radar sensor is angle-resolving, and including a control and evaluation unit, which is designed for an operating mode in which at least one antenna of the radar sensor that is configured for transmitting transmits a signal, which is received by multiple of the antennas of the radar sensor configured for receiving, and the angle of a radar target is estimated based on amplitude and/or phase relationships between signals of respective evaluation channels, which correspond to different configurations of transmitting and receiving antennas. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Radar sensors are used in motor vehicles, for example, for measuring distances, relative velocities and azimuth angles of vehicles or other radar targets located ahead of the host vehicle. Multiple antennas are then situated, for example, at a distance to one another on a horizontal, so that different azimuth angles of the located radar targets result in differences in the run lengths which the radar signals must travel from the radar target to the respective antenna. These differences in run lengths result in corresponding differences in the amplitude and phase of the signals received by the antennas and evaluated in the associated evaluation channels. The angle estimation makes use of the fact that the amplitude relationships and phase relationships of the signals received by the various receiving antennas are characteristically a function of the angle of the radar target. By comparing the (complex) amplitudes received in the various channels with corresponding amplitudes in an antenna diagram, it is then possible to determine the incidence angle of the radar signal and thus the azimuth angle of the radar target. Similarly, it is possible to also estimate the elevation angle of a radar target with antennas situated vertically above one another. For a single target, the comparison between the received amplitudes and the amplitudes in the antenna diagram may take place by calculating for each angle in the antenna diagram a correlation between the vector of the measured amplitudes (with k evaluation channels, this is a vector having k complex components) and the corresponding vector in the antenna diagram. This correlation may be expressed by a so-called DML function (Deterministic Maximum Likelihood Function) which, when a particular vector of measured amplitudes is given, specifies for each angle the likelihood that the radar target is located at this angle. The angle estimation then involves seeking the maximum of this DML function. In addition to maximum likelihood methods, other conventional methods for angle estimation are possible, such as MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) or ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques). SUMMARY As part of a further increase in the efficiency of the radar sensors, d,v estimations will be able to take place with enhanced resolution. An increase of the usable sensor size, i.e., the size or aperture of the antenna array, will also enable an increase in the accuracy of the angle estimation and an improved angular separation. In an FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) measuring method with linear frequency ramps and an evaluation of the received signals with the aid of discrete Fourier transform, in particular, FFT (Fast Fourier transform), the width of a distance bin of the Fourier transform corresponds to a difference in distance Δr where Δr=c/(2F), c being the speed of light and f being the frequency deviation of a linear frequency ramp of the FMCW transmit signal. This difference in distance is also referred to here as distance resolution. Thus, the distance resolution is understood to be the smallest difference in distance, in which (at the same relative velocity) two measured values of the distance from the radar sensor in the given operating mode of the radar sensor may still be mapped to separate bins. When carrying out an FFT, the distance resolution corresponds to the spacing of two distance bins during the FFT, i.e., to the width of one distance bin. Here and in the following, the terms distance resolution and width of the distance bin are used synonymously. In contrast, the distance separability is understood to mean double the width of the distance bin. If the bandwidth of a radar sensor is increased, a distance resolution of Δr=7.5 cm is possible, for example, in the case of a frequency deviation of the transmit signal of F=2 GHz. If the aperture or, in the case of a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) radar sensor, the virtual aperture is also increased to values of a similar magnitude, then, depending on the angle of a radar target, the differences in run length between received signals of individual antennas or evaluation channels may be detected already as different distances from radar targets. In the case of larger angles, the vector of the measured amplitudes is then no longer completely included in the Fourier spectra of the evaluation channels at a frequency position determined by the d,v estimation of a detected radar target. It is possible to counter this by artificially reducing the utilized aperture of the antenna array for the detection of larger angles. Alternatively, it is possible for the vector of the measured amplitudes to be fully obtained via a selection of a smaller bandwidth and the accompanying widening of the frequency bins of the Fourier spectra. However, both have the disadvantage that it is not possible to achieve the full distance resolution and the full angle separability simultaneously. The above described differences in run length at a large bandwidth and with a large aperture have multiple ramifications, in particular, in the case of Fourier spectra obtained by FFT. On the one hand, the signal corresponding to a peak may be mapped in the respective evaluation channels in different frequency bins of the FFT if the differences in run length between received signals are detected as different distances from radar targets. On the other hand, a phase shift occurs in this case, which amounts to Pi per shift by one bin. This phase shift occurs if the supporting point (frequency position) of an FFT does not correspond exactly to the frequency position that corresponds to the real, individual distance of the respective antenna configuration. The phase shift may be taken into account in the antenna calibration by using an antenna diagram determined for identical frequency deviations for the angle estimation. Furthermore, an amplitude error occurs as a result of the window function used for forming the FFT. This amplitude error may not be readily taken into account when calibrating the antennas. An object of the present invention is to provide a radar sensor that permits a simple and exact angle estimation, even in the case of large antenna arrays and signals having a high bandwidth. This object may be achieved according to an example embodiment of the present invention. In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a control and evaluation unit is designed to carry out in the aforementioned operating mode for an individual estimation of an angle of a radar target an evaluation of the signals of the evaluation channels for a respective distance for a respective evaluation channel, different distances being selected for respective evaluation channels as a function of an angle hypothesis or angle range hypothesis at least for one angle hypothesis or angle range hypothesis. Thus, for an individual estimation of an angle of a radar target, each evaluation channel is assigned a respective distance for which the evaluation is carried out. For example, the evaluation of the signals of the evaluation channels may be carried out at a respective frequency position for a respective evaluation channel, different frequency positions for respective evaluation channels being selected as a function of an angle hypothesis or angle range hypothesis at least for one angle hypothesis or angle range hypothesis. Thus, in the case of an FMCW radar sensor, for example, respective frequency positions correspond to respective distances. For example, control and evaluation unit30may be designed to carry out in the aforementioned operating mode for an individual estimation of an angle of a radar target the evaluation of the signals of the evaluation channels for the respective evaluation channel at a respective frequency position that corresponds to the relevant distance. In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, the object is also achieved by a method for a radar sensor for motor vehicles, for estimating the angle of radar targets based on amplitude relationships and/or phase relationships between signals, which are obtained for different configurations of transmitting and receiving antennas of the radar sensor in respective evaluation channels of the radar sensor, in which an evaluation of the signals of the evaluation channels for a respective distance for a respective evaluation channel is carried out for an individual estimation of an angle of a radar target, different distances being selected for respective evaluation channels as a function of an angle hypothesis or angle range hypothesis at least for one angle hypothesis or angle range hypothesis. To estimate the angle, an evaluation of the amplitude and/or of the phase of the relevant signals of the evaluation channels for the respective distance, in particular, takes place, or an evaluation of the amplitude and/or of the phase of the relevant signals at the respective frequency position of the evaluation channels takes place. Thus, for the angle estimation, a vector is used, the components of which correspond to different distances or frequency positions of the signals of the respective evaluation channels; for at least one angle hypothesis, therefore, the distances or frequency positions for at least two evaluation channels differ from one another. The effect that a shift of the frequency position of the peak corresponding to the radar target occurs at a large bandwidth and with a large aperture, depending on the angle of a radar target and depending on the configuration of the transmitting and receiving antennas of an evaluation channel, may be countered as a result. The differences between the distances or frequency positions may also be selected as a function of the distance of the radar target. At long distances, therefore, the angle difference, at which different antennas “see” the radar target, is less than at shorter distances; accordingly, the difference in run length of the signals is also less. The antenna array is preferably a planar array of the antennas, for example, an antenna array having a regular offset between the receiving antennas, or a thinned-out antenna array. Advantageous embodiments and refinements of the present invention are described herein. In one advantageous specific embodiment of the present invention, the control and evaluation unit is designed to take into consideration in the aforementioned operating mode angle-dependent differences in distance corresponding to the configurations of transmitting and receiving antennas of the evaluation channels as differences of the distances or shifts of the frequency position between relevant evaluation channels. This means, the considered shifts of the frequency position correspond to the respective differences in distance. In this case, a distance dependency of the differences in distance may also be considered. A difference in distance may, for example, be indicated as a distance difference relative to an evaluation channel, or as a bin-shift relative to a bin of an FFT. With the increasing difference in run length, increasing differences of the distances or shifts of the frequency position are advantageously taken into consideration. In one advantageous specific embodiment of the present invention, the control and evaluation unit is designed to select in the aforementioned operating mode for at least one evaluation channel distances or frequency positions that differ from one another at least for two angle hypotheses or angle range hypotheses. In one advantageous specific embodiment of the present invention, the control and evaluation unit is designed to decide in the aforementioned operating mode for an individual estimation of an angle of a radar target, whether different distances or frequency positions for respective evaluation channels are selected as a function of a distance resolution of the radar sensor and as a function of the angle hypothesis or angle range hypothesis, and which distances or frequencies for respective evaluation channels are selected. For example, a consideration of a frequency shift may not be necessary for an angle at or around 0°. The decision may also be made as a function of the distance of the radar target. In one advantageous specific embodiment of the present invention, the control and evaluation unit is designed to select in the aforementioned operating mode at least for one angle hypothesis or angle range hypothesis identical distances or frequency positions for the evaluation channels. The distances are used for estimating the angle. This angle (angle range) corresponds preferably to an average angle (angle range) or to a direction of symmetry of the radar sensor. In one specific embodiment in accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, the control and evaluation unit is designed to subject the received signals to a discrete Fourier transform, the control and evaluation unit being designed, in the aforementioned operating mode for the respective evaluation channels, to calculate spectral components for the selected distances or frequency positions during the discrete Fourier transform and to evaluate the estimation of the angle. With a direct calculation of the Fourier transform or of an individual Fourier component of the frequency spectrum at the respective selected frequency position, it is possible to avoid the above mentioned phase errors and amplitude errors of an FFT including a fixed frequency grid. In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the control and evaluation unit is designed to calculate Fourier spectra for the respective evaluation channels from the received signals by discrete Fourier transform, the control and evaluation unit being designed to determine in the aforementioned operating mode the signals to be evaluated for the angle estimation for a respective distance or at a respective frequency position by interpolating spectral components of the relevant Fourier spectrum. This is particularly advantageous, since a calculation of the Fourier spectra of the receiving channels may take place regardless of the angle hypotheses, and then an evaluation of the signals for the angle estimation, in each case by interpolation, may also takes place at intermediate points between the support frequencies of the Fourier spectra, i.e., at frequencies that are adjacent to the respective frequency position. Thus, a high separability both in the distance as well as in the angle may be achieved with a simple and efficient calculation. The features cited for the present invention and for the specific embodiments are particularly advantageous if, in the case of the radar sensor, a maximum difference in distance to a radar target generated by the configurations of transmitting and receiving antennas corresponds to at least 40% of the distance resolution, or corresponds, in particular, to at least 80% of the distance resolution for at least two evaluation channels. A maximum difference in distance to a radar target generated by the configurations of transmitting and receiving antennas preferably corresponds to at least 20%, further preferably to at least 33% or at least 40% or at least 50% or at least 80% or at least 100% of the distance resolution for at least two evaluation channels. At a difference in distance of more than 80% of the distance resolution, the amplitude error resulting in the FFT may, in particular, already become impermissibly large and, for example, exceed 1 dB, the tolerable error being a function of the respective application. The difference in distance maximally generated by the configurations of transmitting and receiving antennas may, for example, correspond at angles in the range of up to 90° to the (virtual) aperture of the antenna array. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in greater detail below with reference to the figures.

11459639

FIELD This present disclosure relates to substantially lead free brass alloy billets and methods of manufacturing relating thereto. BACKGROUND This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art. For several decades, free-machining leaded-brass rods—for example, alloy C36000—have been the dominant alloy bar stock in North America. This material is commonly manufactured by casting a billet that is subsequently hot extruded into a brass rod. The combination of excellent machinability, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and economics have made such leaded-brass alloy bar stocks a material of choice for many design engineers. For example, because lead is insoluble in brass, lead collects at grain boundaries and presents as a discrete constituent. In this fashion, the lead may function as an effective chip breaker during machining, thereby improving the machinability of the leaded-brass rods. Further, lead may serve as a lubricant during machining operations by coating a cutting edge of the machining tool so to lower friction levels and minimize heat generation. Reducing heat emissions may increase the lifespan of the machining tool and improve its surface finish, and also allows for the use of greater machining speeds so to reduce machining cycle times. While the presence of lead may improve the machinability of the brass rods, there is presently a vigorous movement to eliminate or minimize the presence of lead in potable water applications because of the potential risks for water contamination and related health concerns. Current U.S. federal legislation requires that brass components and/or brass assemblies that have a possibility of coming in contact with potable water have an average lead content not exceeding 0.25 wt. %. Currently, free-machining leaded-brass rods—for example, alloy C36000—have an average lead content of about 2.5 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. %, which well exceeds the maximum defined by regulatory standards. Concurrent to the regulatory push to reduce and/or eliminate lead in brass rods is an industry push to further improve corrosion resistance in yellow-brass alloys, in particular, with regard to dezincification and stress corrosion cracking. Yellow-brass alloys having an alpha structure and using an inhibitor—for example, arsenic, antimony, and/or phosphorus—are generally resistant to dezincification. All yellow-brass alloys comprising less than about 35 wt. % of zinc have an alpha structure. However, as the zinc content decreases the necessary copper content increases, which causes the costs of the alloy to increase. Moreover, yellow-brass alloys comprising greater than about 35 wt. % of zinc often require post-hot work thermal treatment to minimize dezincification. This additional processing step increases manufacturing times and, therefore, it also increases the cost of the alloy. Stress corrosion cracking is commonly minimized using a post-cold work stress-relieving annealing process. However, this additional processing step also increases manufacturing times and the cost of the yellow-brass alloy. Accordingly, there is a need for economical brass alloys having lead contents that meet current and future regulatory requirements, and also, a machinability that is comparable to current lead containing alloys and have improved corrosion resistance. SUMMARY This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features. In various aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for producing workable graphite-containing brass alloy billets having less than 0.25 wt. % of lead. The method includes forming a brass powder comprising copper and zinc; mixing the brass powder with graphite and one or more binders; compacting the brass-powder mixture to form an initial billet; heating the initial billet to a first elevated temperature to remove the one or more binders; heating the binder-free billet to a second elevated temperature that is higher than the first elevated temperature to densify the binder-free billet, where heating the binder-free billet to the second elevated temperature includes applying a pressure; and heating the densified billet to a third elevated temperature that is higher than the first elevated temperature to sinter the densified billet and form the workable graphite-containing brass alloy billets. In one aspect, the method further includes, prior to the mixing of the brass powder with the graphite and the one or more binders, heating the brass powder to a reducing temperature greater than or equal to about 650° C. to less than or equal to about 900° C. in a reducing atmosphere. In one aspect, the method further includes, prior to the mixing of the brass powder with the graphite and the one or more binders, deoxidizing the brass powder by mixing the brass powder with an acid solution comprising greater than or equal to about 0.5 wt. % to less than or equal to about 20 wt. % of one or more acids and rinsing the brass powder with water until the pH of the brass powder exceeds 6.5. The one or more acids may be selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid. In one aspect, the brass powder may be formed by water atomization. In one aspect, the initial billet comprises a cylinder having a diameter of greater than or equal to about 127 mm (i.e., about 5 inches) to less than or equal to about 381 mm (i.e., about 15 inches) and a length greater than or equal to about 25.4 mm (i.e., about 1 inch). In one aspect, the initial billet includes greater than or equal to about 55 wt. % to less than or equal to about 65 wt. % copper; greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % graphite; and, a balance of zinc. In one aspect, the initial billet further includes greater than or equal to about 0.02 wt. % to less than or equal to about 0.8 wt. % of one or more inhibitors. The one or more inhibitors may be selected from the group consisting of: arsenic, phosphorus, antimony, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, the one or more binders may be selected from the group consisting of: alkanes (CnH2n+2, where n≥10), squalene, mineral spirits, kerosene, isoparaffinic fluids, and polyethers. In one aspect, compacting comprises one of cold isostatic pressing (“CIP”) and uniaxial pressing. In one aspect, compacting comprises pressing the brass-powder mixture to a minimum density of about 60% of a theoretical density. The theoretical density is the density of a solid-metal billet having no voids and is a function of the percent composition of each element and the respective densities of the alloying components. In one aspect, the first elevated temperature may be greater than or equal to about 200° C. to less than or equal to about 300° C.; the second elevated temperature is greater than or equal to about 480° C. to less than or equal to about 750° C.; and the third elevated temperature may be greater than or equal to about 650° C. to less than or equal to about 900° C. In one aspect, the densified billet has a minimum density of about 93% of a theoretical density. In various other aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for producing a workable graphite-containing brass alloy billet having less than 0.25 wt. % lead. The method includes mixing a brass powder comprising copper and zinc with an acid solution comprising, for example, one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid, and rinsing the brass powder with water until the pH of the solution exceeds 6.5. The method may further include drying the brass powder. The dried brass powder may be mixed with greater than or equal to about 0.05 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of a graphite powder and greater than or equal to about 0.02 wt. % to less than or equal to about 1 wt. % of one or more organic binders to form a brass-powder mixture. The brass-powder mixture may be compacted to form an initial billet. The initial billet may be heated to a first temperature greater than or equal to about 100° C. to less than or equal to about 400° C. to remove the binder. The binder-free billet may be heated to a second temperature greater than or equal to about 480° C. to less than or equal to about 750° C. to densify the binder-free billet. Heating the binder-free billet to the second temperature to densify the binder-free billet may further include applying a pressure, for example, greater than or equal to about 136.79 MPa (i.e., about 10 tons per square inch) to less than or equal to about 820.76 MPa (i.e., about 60 tons per square inch). The densified billet may be heated to a third temperature greater than or equal to about 650° C. to less than or equal to about 900° C. to sinter the densified billet and form the workable graphite-containing brass alloy billet. In one aspect, the brass powder may be produced by water atomization. In one aspect, the workable graphite-containing brass alloy may include greater than or equal to about 55 wt. % to less than or equal to about 65 wt. % copper; greater than or equal to about 0.05 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2 wt. % of graphite; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of tin; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of manganese; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of silicon; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of aluminum; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of iron; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of nickel; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 0.15 wt. % of arsenic; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 0.15 wt. % of antimony; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 0.5 wt. % of phosphorus; less than or equal to about 0.25 wt. % lead; and a balance of zinc. In one aspect, the workable graphite-containing brass alloy may be substantially free of one or more of bismuth, chromium, titanium, iron, and tin. In one aspect, the one or more binders may be selected from hydrocarbons and polyethers. In one aspect, prior to heating the binder-free billet to the second temperature, the binder-free billet is heated to a third temperature greater than or equal to about 700° C. to less than or equal to about 800° C. to remove oxides. In various other aspects, the present disclosure provides a yellow-brass billet alloy comprising greater than or equal to about 55 wt. % to less than or to about 65 wt. % of copper; greater than or equal to about 0.05 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of graphite; greater than or equal to about 37 wt. % to less than or equal to about 40.5 wt. % of zinc; and less than or equal to about 0.25 wt. % lead. In one aspect, the yellow-brass billet alloy may include a beta phase that is substantially surrounded by an alpha phase. In one aspect, the yellow-brass billet alloy may further include greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of tin; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of manganese; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of silicon; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of aluminum; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of iron; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 2.0 wt. % of nickel; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 0.15 wt. % of arsenic; greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 0.15 wt. % of antimony; and greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 0.8 wt. % of phosphorus. Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

11459852

TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to controlling fluid flow in a reservoir, for example, one in which hydrocarbons are entrapped and through which a wellbore is formed to produce the entrapped hydrocarbons. BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE A completion assembly is the physical hardware and equipment used to extract naturally occurring oil and gas deposits from the Earth and move the oil and gas to the surface of the Earth through a wellbore after the wellbore has been drilled in the Earth by a drilling rig. Completing a wellbore is the process of disposing or placing the completion equipment within the wellbore. A wellbore can pass through multiple layers of Earth, and multiple layers may or may not contain oil and gas deposits. A layer of Earth that contains oil and gas deposits is a reservoir. Oil and gas reservoirs and other layers also contain other fluids such as water. In some instances, it is desired to isolate the flow of a fluid within the wellbore between a reservoir and the surface or between from one layer of the Earth to another layer of the Earth. SUMMARY This disclosure describes technologies related to actuating a frangible flapper reservoir isolation valve. Implementations of the present disclosure include a method for wellbore fluid flow control in a wellbore in which a frangible flapper is disposed. The frangible flapper is engaged to a flow tube disposed within the wellbore to keep the frangible flapper in a biased open position within the wellbore to allow fluid flow through the wellbore. The method for wellbore fluid flow control includes moving the flow tube longitudinally in a first direction within the wellbore and relative to the frangible flapper. The method for wellbore fluid flow control includes responsive to moving the flow tube longitudinally in the first direction, disengaging the flow tube from the frangible flapper. The method for wellbore fluid flow control includes responsive to disengaging the flow tube from the frangible flapper, causing the frangible flapper to move from the biased open position to an unbiased shut position within the wellbore. The method for wellbore fluid flow control includes responsive to the frangible flapper moving to the unbiased shut position, stopping fluid flow within the wellbore from a downhole location downhole of the frangible flapper. In some implementations, the flow tube includes a flow tube locking dog. The frangible flapper valve body disposed within the wellbore defines a first notch. The flow tube locking dog is engaged to the first notch to engage the frangible flapper valve body to the flow tube and to maintain the frangible flapper in the biased open position allowing fluid flow. In some implementations, disengaging the flow tube from the frangible flapper responsive to longitudinally moving the flow tube in the first direction includes disengaging the flow tube locking dog from the first notch. In some implementations, the flow tube is moved until the flow tube locking dog engages a second notch defined by the frangible flapper valve body and spaced apart from the first notch on the frangible flapper valve body. The frangible flapper transitions from the biased open position to the unbiased shut position. In some implementations, in the wellbore in which the frangible flapper is disposed, the frangible flapper is disengaged from the flow tube disposed within the wellbore to keep the frangible flapper in the unbiased shut position within the wellbore to prevent fluid flow through the wellbore, the method for wellbore fluid flow control includes moving the flow tube longitudinally in a second direction opposite the first direction within the wellbore and relative to the frangible flapper. The method includes, responsive to moving the flow tube longitudinally in the second direction, engaging the flow tube to the frangible flapper. The method includes, responsive to engaging the flow tube, causing the frangible flapper to move from the unbiased shut position to the biased open position within the wellbore. The method includes, responsive to the frangible flapper moving to the biased open position, allowing fluid flow within the wellbore. In some implementations, the flow tube includes a flow tube locking dog, the frangible flapper valve body defines a second notch, and the flow tube locking dog is engaged to the second notch to engage the frangible flapper valve body to the flow tube to allow the frangible flapper to transition from the biased open opposition to the unbiased shut position preventing fluid flow. In some implementations, engaging the flow tube to the frangible flapper responsive to longitudinally moving the flow tube in the second direction includes disengaging the flow tube locking dog from the second notch. In some implementations, the flow tube is moved until the flow tube locking dog engages a first notch defined by the frangible flapper valve body spaced apart from the second notch on the frangible flapper valve body and to maintain the frangible flapper in the biased open position allowing fluid flow. In some implementations, the flow tube defines a notch. Moving the flow tube longitudinally in the first direction includes coupling a shifting tool to the notch defined by the flow tube to a key and jarring the shifting tool and the flow tube in the first direction to disengage the flow tube locking dog from the first notch of the frangible flapper valve body. In some implementations, where the flow tube defines the notch, moving the flow tube longitudinally in a second direction opposite the first direction within the wellbore and relative to the frangible flapper includes coupling the shifting tool to the notch of the flow tube, where the shifting tool is coupled to the notch of the flow tube with the key and jarring the shifting tool and the flow tube in the second direction to disengage the flow tube locking dog from the second notch of the frangible flapper valve body. In some implementations, the wellbore fluid flow control includes moving the shifting tool within the wellbore using a slickline cable or a coiled tubing. In some implementations, the wellbore fluid flow control method includes destroying the frangible flapper to re-open fluid flow through the wellbore. In some implementations, the wellbore fluid flow control method includes destroying the frangible flapper with a blind box or a completion tubing tailpipe. Further implementations of the present disclosure include a wellbore flow control assembly including a frangible flapper, a flow tube, and a frangible flapper valve body. The frangible flapper is configured to be installed in a wellbore and to transition between an unbiased position in which the frangible flapper is configured to prevent fluid flow through the wellbore in response to a fluid flow from an downhole location downhole of the frangible flapper and a biased position in which the frangible flapper is configured to allow fluid flow through the wellbore. The flow tube is configured to be installed in the wellbore and to be engaged to the frangible flapper to dispose the frangible flapper in the biased position and to disengage from the frangible flapper to dispose the frangible flapper in the unbiased position. The a frangible flapper valve body is configured to be installed in the wellbore and to be engaged to the flow tube to maintain the frangible flapper in either the biased position or the unbiased position and to be disengaged from the flow tube to transition the frangible flapper between the biased position and the unbiased position. In some implementations, the flow tube includes a flow tube locking dog. The frangible flapper valve body defines a first notch and a second notch. The flow tube locking dog is configured to engage the first notch to maintain the frangible flapper in the biased position, to engage the second notch to maintain the frangible flapper in the unbiased position, and to remain disengaged with the first notch and the second notch to transition the frangible flapper between the biased position and the unbiased position. In some implementations, the wellbore flow control assembly includes a shifting tool configured to be lowered into the wellbore and to engage the flow tube to transition the frangible flapper between the biased position and the unbiased position. In some implementations, the shifting tool includes a key. The flow tube defines a notch. The key is configured to engage the notch to transition the flow tube between the biased position and the unbiased position. In some implementations, the wellbore flow control assembly includes a biasing mechanism coupling the frangible flapper to the frangible flapper valve body. The biasing mechanism is configured to transition the frangible flapper between the biased position and the unbiased position. In some implementations, the biasing mechanism comprises a spring. In some implementations, the wellbore flow control assembly includes a blind box on a slickline or a completion tubing tailpipe configured to be lowered into the wellbore to destroy the frangible flapper when the frangible flapper is in the unbiased position. The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.

11423328

BACKGROUND Determining what types of network connectivity are available for a location can involve a number of factors. Many different types of communications services exist, and connectivity may potentially be provided over different types of physical channels, such as coaxial cable, fiber optics, phone lines, satellite networks, or cellular networks. However, not all types of connectivity are available at all locations. In addition, even when one type of communication service is available, the upload and download speeds available may vary from one location to another. Often, different locations may have significantly different connectivity options, e.g., using different physical connections and/or service levels as well as through different service providers. As a result, determining which connectivity options would meet the needs at a location can require coordinating communication among many different systems or organizations, which can result in significant delays in selecting and establishing appropriate network service. SUMMARY In some implementations, a system can train and use several types of machine learning models to predict which communication technologies and service providers are appropriate for different locations. In general, the process of identifying and establishing network connectivity (e.g., using technologies such as cable, fiber optics, digital subscriber line (DSL), satellite, cellular, etc.) can be performed more efficiently with different sets of classification models, each trained to provide a different type of classification decision. This provides a powerful approach to select service providers and network technologies for specific locations without relying on service providers to indicate whether service is available. The results from this approach can be provided to remote devices through an application programming interface (API), so that users can obtain estimates of service availability, service quality levels, and other information through a web page, application, or another interface. Models can be trained using pre-qualification results collected over time for different service providers and network technologies and for different locations. Typically, obtaining pre-qualification data for a specific location involves a request to the service provider and delay while waiting for a response to be received. These delays can be significant, sometimes, hours, days, or a week or more. Further, pre-qualification data is typically desired from multiple service providers, which can extend the delay to receive results. To reduce dependence on the responses of service providers and to avoid these delays, pre-qualification data that is incrementally received for various locations can be stored in a database and used as a training data set to train machine learning models to predict pre-qualification results. For example, by training models based on prequalification results received over the last year, the models can quickly and effectively predict which service providers and communication technologies are available at different locations, and what service levels are available (e.g., different uplink and downlink speeds) without the need to solicit pre-qualification data from service providers. One or more machine learning models can also be used to select a service provider and communication technology from the options that are predicted to be available. As noted above, some models can be trained using preliminary data, such as pre-qualification results. Other models can be trained from actual installations of communication service, showing what different parties decided was actually available and most suitable given the options. For example, prequalification data typically is not entirely accurate, so some locations prequalified for service may not actually be able to receive service as indicated by the pre-qualification results. The data about actual service installation or actual service provided to a location shows which service providers and communication technologies can be conclusively determined to be available since service was actually provided. The decision which provider to choose also indirectly encompasses other types of information. For example, some service providers may not be selected because of technical incompatibility, inflexible contracts, delays in starting service, poor reputation, high pricing, or other factors that are typically not reflected in pre-qualification data but may deter actual use of the service. With information about the set of service providers and communication technologies were predicted to be available and which service providers and communication technologies were subsequently actually chosen and used, machine learning models can predict which of multiple service provider/communication technology combinations is best for different locations. The techniques described in this document provide a number of improvements and advantages. For example, the use of the machine learning models to determine service availability and service level availability can drastically reduce latency in obtaining accurate information compared with traditional approaches that involved obtaining prequalification data for each location and from each service provider. The technique reduces reliance on third-party systems that provide unpredictable delays. Further, the approach can reduce network bandwidth, as the system using the trained models does not need to request and receive data from a variety of service providers for each network service decision. Even if service providers made pre-qualification data available online, obtaining the information for multiple service providers would involve several network round trips and transfers to obtain the information that the models can provide without any network connectivity requirement. In addition, the modeling techniques in the application can provide the ability for robust, accurate predictions with a relatively sparse or imprecise data set. Models for service availability and service level availability can be trained from pre-qualification results and used effectively, even though the pre-qualification results used for training are not fully accurate. The use of a third type of model can ensure greater accuracy by incorporating information learned from actual service installation decisions. As discussed below, the machine learning models do not require exhaustive data sets to provide highly accurate predictions. For example, the models can be configured to provide predictions along a continuous geographical region, even though the training data may include few or no training data examples for certain portions of the region. For example, even though there may no training data for certain zip codes, the models can be trained in a way to still generate appropriately accurate predictions for locations in those zip codes. One of the techniques to achieve this involves training the models using geographical coordinates that remove political or other artificial boundaries. This can allow models to interpret relative distances and better interpolate between training examples. Another technique includes indicating locations to models (during training and prediction phases) in multiple levels of granularity, e.g., zip code, city, county, state, etc. This also can help the models make appropriate inferences, since even if there have not been training examples for a particular zip code or city, for example, the models may learn to use results for the same county or state, or for cities or zip codes nearby to generate a useful prediction. In one general aspect, a system includes: one or more computers; a network interface to receive a request from a client device over a network, the request indicating a location and a communication service level; a plurality of first machine learning models including at least one first machine learning model for each of multiple service providers or communication technologies, wherein each first machine learning model is trained to predict whether communication service is available from the service provider or communication technology at a location in response to receiving input indicating the location; a plurality of second machine learning models including at least one second machine learning model for each of the multiple service providers or communication technologies, wherein each second machine learning model is trained to predict a level of communication service that the service provider or communication technology provides at a location in response to receiving input indicating the location; a third machine learning model to receive an indication of a location and a set of service providers or communication technologies as input and provide output including an indication of relative suitability for the location of the service providers or communication technologies in the set; and one or more computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, cause the system to (i) receive an indication of a location and a level of communication service, and (ii) provide output indicating a service provider or communication technology selected using the first machine learning models, the second machine learning models, and the third machine learning model. Implementations may include one or more of the following features. For example, in some implementations, the first machine learning models include at least one first machine learning model for each of multiple combinations of service providers and communication technologies, wherein the first machine learning model for a combination is trained to predict whether communication service is available from the service provider and communication technology of the combination in response to receiving input indicating the location. The second machine learning models include at least one second machine learning model for each of the multiple combinations of service providers and communication technologies, wherein each second machine learning model is trained to predict a level of communication service that the combination of the service provider and communication technology provides at a location in response to receiving input indicating the location. The third machine learning model includes a third machine learning model to receive an indication of a location and a set of combinations of service providers and communication technologies as input and provide output including an indication of relative suitability for the location of the different combinations of service providers and communication technologies in the set. In some implementations, each of the first machine learning models is trained based on preliminary indications from the corresponding service provider whether communication service is available at different locations. Each of the second machine learning models is trained based on preliminary indications from the corresponding service provider of levels of communication service available at different locations. In some implementations, the third machine learning model is trained based on records that indicate, for each of multiple locations, (i) one or more service providers that were identified as likely providing communication service at the location and (ii) which of the one or more service providers was actually selected to provide communication service at the location after the one or more service providers were identified as likely providing communication service at the location. In some implementations, the communication technologies comprise two or more from the group consisting of cable communication, fiber optics, digital subscriber line (DSL), cellular communication, and satellite communication. In some implementations, each of the first machine learning models, second machine learning models, and third machine learning model includes at least one of a random forest model, an XG boost tree, a logistic regression model, a deep neural network, or a support vector machines (SVM). In some implementations, one or more of the first machine learning models, the second machine learning models, and/or the third machine learning model includes multiple models arranged as a stacked ensemble model. In another general aspect, a method performed by one or more computers includes: receiving, by the one or more computers, a request from a client device over a network, the request indicating a location and a communication service level; identifying, from among different service providers or communication technologies, a first subset predicted to provide service at the location, the subset being identified based on outputs generated by multiple first machine learning models each trained to predict service availability for different service providers or communication technologies; selecting, from the first subset, a second subset of service providers or communication technologies each predicted to provide communication service at the location with at least the communication service level indicated in the request from the client device, the second subset being selected based on outputs generated by multiple second machine learning models trained to predict availability of different communication service levels for different service providers or communication technologies; selecting at least one service provider or communication technology from the second subset based on output generated by a third machine learning model that is trained to indicate relative suitability of service providers or communication technologies for locations in response to receiving input indicating (i) a location and (ii) different service providers or communication technologies predicted to provide service at the location with at least the communication service level indicated by the request; and providing, by the one or more computers and to the client device over the network, a response to the request from the client device indicating the selected service provider or communication technology. Implementations may include one or more of the following features. For example, in some implementations, the identifying the first subset includes identifying, from among different combinations service providers and communication technologies, a first subset of the combinations predicted to provide service at the location, the subset being identified based on outputs generated by multiple first machine learning models each trained to predict service availability for a different one of the combinations of service providers and communication technologies. Selecting the second subset includes selecting, from among the combinations in the first subset, a second subset of combinations each predicted to provide communication service at the location with at least the communication service level indicated in the request from the client device, the second subset being selected based on outputs generated by multiple second machine learning models each trained to predict availability of different communication service levels for a different one of the combinations of service providers and communication technologies. Selecting at least one of the combinations in the second subset includes selecting the at least one of the combinations based on output generated by a third machine learning model that is trained to indicate relative suitability of combinations of service providers and communication technologies for locations in response to receiving input indicating (i) a location and (ii) different combinations of service providers and communication technologies predicted to provide service at the location with an acceptable communication service level. Providing the response includes providing a response indicating the selected at least one combination of service providers and communication technologies. In some implementations, each of the first machine learning models is trained based on preliminary indications from the corresponding service provider whether communication service is available at different locations. Each of the second machine learning models is trained based on preliminary indications from the corresponding service provider of levels of communication service available at different locations. In some implementations, the third machine learning model is trained based on records that indicate, for each of multiple locations, (i) one or more service providers that were identified as likely providing communication service at the location and (ii) which of the one or more service providers was actually selected to provide communication service at the location after the one or more service providers were identified as likely providing communication service at the location. In some implementations, the request is received through an application programming interface, and the response is provided through the application programming interface. In some implementations, identifying the first subset of the combinations includes: obtaining, for each of the multiple first machine learning models, a service availability confidence score indicative of a likelihood that the corresponding combination of service provider and communication technology is provided at the location; and selecting, as the first subset, combinations for which the service availability confidence score satisfies a threshold. Selecting a second subset of combinations includes: obtaining, for each of the multiple second machine learning models corresponding to the combinations in the first subset, a set of service level confidence scores respectively indicative of a likelihood that different communication service levels are provided at the location by the combination of service provider and communication technology corresponding to the second machine learning model; and selecting, as the second subset, combinations for which the sets of service level confidence scores satisfy a threshold for a service level that meets or exceeds the communication service level indicated by the request. In some implementations, receiving the request includes receiving a request indicating a set of multiple locations. The method includes: generating, using the first machine learning models and the second machine learning models, measures of predicted availability of service for the respective service providers or communication technologies across the set of multiple locations; and providing the measures in response to the request. In another general aspect, a method performed by one or more computers includes: generating, by the one or more computers, first machine learning models including at least one first machine learning model for each of multiple service providers or communication technologies, wherein each first machine learning model is trained to predict whether communication service is available from the service provider or communication technology at a location in response to receiving input indicating the location; generating, by the one or more computers, second machine learning models including at least one second machine learning model for each of the multiple service providers or communication technologies, wherein each second machine learning model is trained to predict a level of communication service that the service provider or communication technology provides at a location in response to input indicating the location; generating, by the one or more computers, a third machine learning model configured to (i) receive input including an indication of a location and a set of service providers or communication technologies, and (ii) provide output including an indication of relative suitability for the location of the service providers or communication technologies in the set; and providing, by the one or more computers and over a communication network, an interface configured to (i) receive an indication of a location and a level of communication service, and (ii) provide output indicating a service provider or communication technology selected using the first machine learning models, the second machine learning models, and the third machine learning model. Implementations may include one or more of the following features. For example, in some implementations, generating the first machine learning models includes generating at least one first machine learning model for each of multiple combinations of service providers and communication technologies, wherein the first machine learning model for a combination is trained to predict whether communication service is available from the service provider and communication technology at a location in response to receiving input indicating the location. Generating the second machine learning models includes generating at least one second machine learning model for each of the multiple combinations of service providers and communication technologies, wherein the second machine learning model for a combination is trained to predict a level of communication service that the service provider and communication technology provides at a location in response to input indicating the location. Generating the third machine learning model includes generating a third machine learning model configured to (i) receive input including an indication of a location and a set of combinations of service providers and communication technologies, and (ii) provide output including an indication of relative suitability of the service providers in set of service providers for the location. Providing the interface includes providing, by the one or more computers and over a communication network, an interface configured to (i) receive an indication of a location and a level of communication service, and (ii) provide output indicating one or more combinations each including (i) a service provider and (ii) a communication technology, wherein the combinations are selected using the first machine learning models, the second machine learning models, and the third machine learning model. In some implementations, each of the first models is trained based on preliminary indications from the corresponding service provider whether communication service is available at different locations, and each of the second models is trained based on preliminary indications from the corresponding service provider of levels of communication service available at different locations. In some implementations, the third machine learning model is trained based on records that indicate, for each of multiple locations, (i) one or more service providers that were identified as likely providing communication service at the location and (ii) which of the one or more service providers was actually selected to provide communication service at the location after the one or more service providers were identified as likely providing communication service at the location. In some implementations, the communication technologies comprise two or more from the group consisting of cable communication, fiber optics, digital subscriber line (DSL), cellular communication, and satellite communication. In some implementations, each of the first machine learning models, second machine learning models, and third machine learning model includes at least one of a random forest model, an XG boost tree, a logistic regression model, a deep neural network, or a support vector machines (SVM). In some implementations, one or more of the first machine learning models, second machine learning models, or third machine learning model includes multiple models arranged as a stacked ensemble model. In some implementations, the method comprises: grouping pre-qualification data from a particular service provider related to a particular communication technology by zip code; and determining, for each of the groups of prequalification data: a set of geographical coordinates representing the zip code for the group; and a service availability ratio of (i) a number of prequalification results in the group that indicate available service for the particular service provider and the particular communication technology and (ii) a total number of prequalification results in the group or a number of prequalification results in the group that indicate service is not available using the particular service provider and the particular communication technology. Generating the first machine learning models includes training a particular first machine learning model for the particular service provider and the particular communication technology, wherein the particular first machine learning model is trained using each of the groups as training examples, with the determined set of geographical coordinates for a group indicated as an input to the particular first machine learning model and the determined ratio for the group being used as a target output for the particular first machine learning model. In some implementations, the method comprises: grouping pre-qualification data from a particular service provider related to a particular communication technology by zip code; and determining, for each of the groups of prequalification data: a set of geographical coordinates representing the zip code for the group; and a service level ratio, for each of multiple service levels, of (i) a number of prequalification results in the group that indicate that the particular service provider and the particular communication technology provide communication service at the service level and (ii) a total number of prequalification results in the group or a number of prequalification results in the group that indicate that service level is not available using the particular service provider and the particular communication technology. Generating the second machine learning models includes training a particular second machine learning model for the particular service provider and the particular communication technology, wherein the particular second machine learning model is trained using each of the groups as training examples, with the determined set of geographical coordinates for a group used as an input to the particular second machine learning model and the determined service level ratios for the group being used as target outputs for the particular first machine learning model. Other embodiments include corresponding systems, apparatus, and software programs, configured to perform the actions of the methods, encoded on computer storage devices. A device or system of devices can be so configured by virtue of software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed so that in operation cause the system to perform the actions. One or more software programs can be so configured by virtue of having instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions. The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.

11508478

BACKGROUND Inaccurate patient data such as blood pressure measurement readings may be caused by common environmental or interpersonal interactions between a patient and a healthcare facility and/or a clinician. For example, a patient sitting down in an unfamiliar room with an unknown clinician standing beside taking a blood pressure reading will often skew the result of the reading. Thus, there is a need in the art for reducing the environmental and interpersonal stressors before obtaining a blood pressure measurement for a patient.

11439785

FIELD Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for separating liquid component from a sample, and more particularly, to removing liquid component from a sample exhaled by a subject and/or provided to the subject for inhalation. BACKGROUND During anesthesia or in intensive care, condition of a patient may be monitored by analyzing the composition of gas (such as CO2, O2, N2O, and anesthetic agents) inhaled and exhaled by the patient. For example, the content of the gas may be determined by a gas analyzer. However, the sample may contain liquid components such as water droplets, mucus, and blood. These liquid components need to be removed from the sample before analyzing the gaseous components of the sample. BRIEF DESCRIPTION In one embodiment, a method for removing liquid from a sample comprises flowing a gaseous portion of the sample from a lower chamber to an upper chamber through a membrane, and flowing a liquid portion of the sample from the lower chamber to a container via a channel in a bottom wall of the lower chamber, wherein the liquid portion of the sample flows horizontally outward in the channel by capillary action. It should be understood that the brief description above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.

11375017

BACKGROUND In an adaptive streaming media system, a computing device can process requests for one or more data assets such as a sequence of content fragments. The computing device can reference a fragment index to determine the span of data that constitutes the requested fragment. A user device (e.g., digital media player) can receive and assemble the requested fragments and can render the fragments to a user. An example implementation of the computing device (e.g., fragment server) uses a spinning disk storage device to store the digital media and its associated fragment indexes. The fragment server can receive a fragment request, seek an index file, read the index file, seek the media file, read the requested fragment from the media file, and respond to the requestor (e.g., client) with the requested fragment data. As such, the naive implementation requires a minimum of two seeks per fragment. As the number of requests to the computing device increases, the time it takes to seek on the disk becomes a performance bottleneck. One problem is that fragment servers can receive millions of fragment requests per second and the spinning disks cannot keep up. Replacing spinning disk storage with solid-state devices (SSD) may alleviate the seek time problem. But for the same storage, solid-state disks cost about ten times the cost of a spinning disk. Thus the cost of this solution is prohibitive. This disclosure addresses such and other shortcomings related to control of content delivery. SUMMARY It is to be understood that both the following summary and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive, as claimed. In some aspects, provided are methods and systems for controlling data such as content transmitted to one or more user devices. Provided are methods and systems for, in another aspect, dynamically managing data, such as content presented via one or more user devices. In an aspect, systems and methods can relate to managing data based upon an index such as a manifest file. The index can comprise identifiers associated with one or more content assets such as videos, fragments, data blocks, segments, and the like. In an aspect, the index can comprise information relating to the content assets such as location, bitrate, resolution, cost function and the like. In another aspect, a computing device can cache one or more indexes relating to a data read for one or more content assets, while not caching actual data reads for the one or more content assets. Once a cache is fully populated with the relevant index data, the computing device can process requests for fragment data and minimize resources used in processing index requests. In a further aspect, selective caching can be implemented by toggling-on cache usage for index reads and toggling-off cache usage for the larger and less frequent fragment reads (e.g., content request). As an example, when the underlying implementation is based on a network file system (NFS), the toggling-off of caching of fragment reads can be executed by setting an O_DIRECT flag to true in the read system call. As another example, when implemented in a NoSQL system such as Redis or MongoDB, indexes can be cached in the NoSQL database. As a further example, when implemented in an Enterprise Java system, indexes can be cached in Ehcache. In an aspect, the methods can comprise receiving a first request from a first computing device via a network. An index can be received from a first storage medium in response to the first request. The index can be stored in a second storage medium. The first storage medium can be located in the network upstream from the second storage medium relative to the first computing device. A second request can be received from one or more of the first computing device and a second computing device via the network. The index can be retrieved from the second storage medium in response to the second request. In another aspect, the methods can comprise receiving a request for a data asset and determining if an index associated with the requested data asset is stored in a first medium, e.g., a cache. If the index is stored in the cache, the index can be retrieved from the cache. If the index is not stored in the cache, the index can be retrieved from a second storage medium such as a remote storage device. The retrieved index can then be in the cache for subsequent retrieval. In a further aspect, the methods can comprise accessing and/or reading a cache comprising a plurality of indexes. The cache can be populated from one or more remote storage devices located external to the cache. An index can be provided to a requesting device. The requested index can facilitate a request for a data fragment. Additional advantages will be set forth in part in the description which follows or may be learned by practice. The advantages will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

11371175

BACKGROUND Laundry washing machines are used in many single-family and multi-family residential applications to clean clothes and other fabric items. Due to the wide variety of items that may need to be cleaned by a laundry washing machine, many laundry washing machines provide a wide variety of user-configurable settings to control various aspects of a wash cycle such as water temperatures and/or amounts, agitation, soaking, rinsing, spinning, etc. The settings cycle can have an appreciable effect on washing performance, as well as on energy and/or water consumption, so it is generally desirable for the settings used by a laundry washing machine to appropriately match the needs of each load washed by the machine. Some laundry washing machines also support user selection of load types, typically based on the types of fabrics and/or items in the load. Some laundry washing machines, for example, have load type settings such as colors, whites, delicates, cottons, permanent press, towels, bedding, heavily soiled items, etc. These manually-selectable load types generally represent specific combinations of settings that are optimized for particular load types so that a user is not required to select individual values for each of the controllable settings of a laundry washing machine. While manual load type selection in many cases simplifies a user's interaction with a laundry washing machine, such manual selection still can lead to suboptimal performance due to, for example, user inattentiveness or lack of understanding. Therefore, a significant need continues to exist in the art for a manner of optimizing the performance of a laundry washing machine for different types of loads, as well as reducing the burden on users when interacting with a laundry washing machine. SUMMARY The invention addresses these and other problems associated with the art by providing a laundry washing machine and method that automate the selection of a load type for a laundry washing machine based in part on sensing multiple times during an initial fill phase of a wash cycle and based in part on a fluid level sensed by a fluid level sensor operatively coupled to a wash tub. In some instances, the dynamic selection may be based at least in part on a first time at which the fluid level sensor senses a predetermined fluid level while water is being dispensed into the wash tub and a peak time at which the fluid level sensor senses a stabilization of fluid level after water is not being dispensed into the wash tub. In addition, in some instances, the dynamic selection may be accelerated by skipping the sensing of one or more times in response to determining that an earlier reached time meets a predetermined criterion. Therefore, consistent with one aspect of the invention, a laundry washing machine may include a wash tub disposed within a housing, a water inlet configured to dispense water into the wash tub, a fluid level sensor configured to sense a fluid level in the wash tub, and a controller coupled to the water inlet and the fluid level sensor. The controller may be configured to initiate an initial fill phase of a wash cycle by controlling the water inlet to dispense water into the wash tub and to dynamically select a load type for a load disposed in the wash tub from among a plurality of load types based at least in part on a first time at which the fluid level sensor senses a predetermined fluid level while the controller controls the water inlet to dispense water into the wash tub and a peak time at which the fluid level sensor senses a stabilization of fluid level after the controller controls the water inlet to stop dispensing water into the wash tub. In some embodiments, the predetermined fluid level is a first predetermined fluid level, and the controller is further configured to dynamically select the load type based at least in part on a fill time at which the fluid level sensor senses a second predetermined fluid level while the controller controls the water inlet to dispense water into the wash tub. In addition, in some embodiments, the controller is configured to dynamically select the load type further by selecting a first load type in response to the first time meeting a first load type criterion, selecting the first load type in response to the peak time meeting a second load type criterion even if the first time does not meet the first load type criterion, selecting a second load type in response to the first time meeting a third load type criterion, selecting the second load type in response to the fill time meeting a fourth load type criterion even if the first time does not meet the third load type criterion, and selecting a mixed load type in response to none of the first, second, third and fourth load type criteria being met. In some embodiments, the first time is a sense time, the first predetermined fluid level is a first detected change in fluid level sensed by the fluid level sensor and the second predetermined fluid level is a minimum fill fluid level sensed by the fluid level sensor. Also, in some embodiments, the predetermined fluid level is a first detected change in fluid level sensed by the fluid level sensor. Moreover, in some embodiments, the predetermined fluid level is a minimum fill fluid level sensed by the fluid level sensor. In addition, in some embodiments, the controller is configured to determine the stabilization of fluid level being sensed by the fluid level sensor in part by determining a substantially constant fluid level for a predetermined stabilization duration. Moreover, in some embodiments, the controller is further configured to dynamically select the load type prior to sensing the peak time in response to determining that the first time meets a predetermined criterion. Further, in some embodiments, the controller is configured to dynamically select the load type further by comparing the first time and the peak time against a plurality of load type criteria respectively associated with different load types among the plurality of load types. Some embodiments may also include a weight sensor and the controller may be configured to determine a weight of the load using the weight sensor and to determine the plurality of load type criteria using the determined weight. In addition, in some embodiments, at least a subset of the plurality of load type criteria are determined from linear equations that are functions of load weight. In addition, some embodiments may also include a door providing access to the wash tub and a rotatable basket disposed in the wash tub and configured to support the load, where the weight sensor includes a load cell disposed proximate a corner of the housing, the fluid level sensor includes a pressure sensor in fluid communication with the wash tub, and the controller is configured to determine the weight of the load by determining a tare weight of the wash tub using the weight sensor in response to opening of the door, rotating the rotatable basket and determining a loaded weight of the wash tub using the weight sensor during rotation of the rotatable basket, and determining the weight of the load from a difference between the loaded weight and the tare weight of the wash tub. Moreover, in some embodiments, the predetermined fluid level is a first detected change in fluid level sensed by the fluid level sensor, the plurality of load type criteria includes a polyester sense criterion and a towels sense criterion, and the controller is configured to dynamically select the load type by selecting a polyester load type in response to the first time meeting the polyester sense criterion and selecting a towels load type in response to the first time meeting the towels sense criterion. Also, in some embodiments, the plurality of load type criteria includes a cotton sense criterion, and the controller is further configured to dynamically select the load type by selecting a cotton load type in response to the first time meeting the cotton sense criterion without meeting the towels sense criterion. In some embodiments, the plurality of load type criteria includes a cotton peak criterion and the controller is further configured to dynamically select the load type by selecting the cotton load type in response to the peak time meeting the cotton peak criterion. Also, in some embodiments, the predetermined fluid level is a first predetermined fluid level, the controller is further configured to dynamically select the load type based at least in part on a fill time at which the fluid level sensor senses a second predetermined fluid level while the controller controls the water inlet to dispense water into the wash tub, the plurality of load type criteria includes a polyester fill criterion and the controller is further configured to dynamically select the load type by selecting the polyester load type in response to the fill time meeting the polyester fill criterion. Moreover, in some embodiments, the controller is further configured to dynamically select the load type by selecting a mixed load type in response to a failure to meet any of the plurality of load type criteria. In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control a wash or rinse temperature, a wash or rinse water amount, an agitation duration, an agitation stroke, a soak duration, a spin speed, a spin duration, a cycle time, or a number of phase repeats in response to the selected load type. Consistent with another aspect of the invention, a laundry washing machine may include a wash tub disposed within a housing, a water inlet configured to dispense water into the wash tub, a fluid level sensor configured to sense a fluid level in the wash tub, and a controller coupled to the water inlet and the fluid level sensor. The controller may be configured to initiate an initial fill phase of a wash cycle by controlling the water inlet to dispense water into the wash tub and to dynamically select a load type for a load disposed in the wash tub from among a plurality of load types based at least in part on a plurality of times determined based upon fluid levels sensed by the fluid level sensor. The controller may further be configured to dynamically select the load type prior to sensing at least one of the plurality of times in response to determining that an earlier reached time among the plurality of times meets a predetermined criterion. Consistent with yet another aspect of the invention, a laundry washing machine may include a wash tub disposed within a housing and accessible by a door, a rotatable basket disposed within the wash tub and configured to receive a load of laundry, a water inlet configured to dispense water into the wash tub, the water inlet including one or more oscillating sprayers, a weight sensor operatively coupled to the wash tub to sense a weight associated with the wash tub, the weight sensor including a load cell disposed proximate a corner of the housing, a fluid level sensor configured to sense a fluid level in the wash tub, the fluid level sensor including a pressure sensor, and a controller coupled to the water inlet and the weight and fluid level sensors. The controller may be configured to perform a wash cycle on the load disposed in the rotatable basket, and may further be configured to control one or more wash parameters for the wash cycle based upon a dynamically selected load type for the load. In addition, the controller may be configured to dynamically select the load type from among a plurality of load types that includes a polyester load type, a mixed load type, a cotton load type and a towels load type by determining a tare weight of the wash tub using the weight sensor in response to opening of the door, rotating the rotatable basket and determining a weight of the load using the weight sensor and the determined tare weight and during the rotation, after determining the weight of the load, controlling the water inlet to start dispensing water into the wash tub, determining a sense time at which the fluid level sensor senses a first detected change in fluid level while the controller controls the water inlet to dispense water into the wash tub, determining a fill time at which the fluid level sensor senses a predetermined fill level while the controller controls the water inlet to dispense water into the wash tub, after the predetermined fill level is sensed, controlling the water inlet to stop dispensing water into the wash tub, determining a peak time at which the fluid level sensor senses a stabilization of fluid level after the controller controls the water inlet to stop dispensing water into the wash tub, determining a polyester sense criterion, a cotton sense criterion, a towels sense criterion, a polyester fill criterion, and a cotton peak criterion using the determined dry weight, selecting the polyester load type if the sense time meets the polyester sense criterion or if the fill time meets the polyester fill criterion, selecting the towels load type if the sense time meets the towels sense criterion, selecting the cotton load type if the sense time meets the cotton sense criterion without meeting the towels sense criterion or if the peak time meets the cotton peak criterion, and otherwise selecting the mixed load type. Other embodiments may include various methods of operating a laundry washing machine utilizing the various operations described above. These and other advantages and features, which characterize the invention, are set forth in the claims annexed hereto and forming a further part hereof. However, for a better understanding of the invention, and of the advantages and objectives attained through its use, reference should be made to the Drawings, and to the accompanying descriptive matter, in which there is described example embodiments of the invention. This summary is merely provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description, and is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.

11432850

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to bone fixation devices and related methods of fixation. More particularly, this invention relates to polyaxial bone anchors, such as pedicle screws and hooks, having increased angulation for use in, for example, the posterior fixation of the spine. BACKGROUND Polyaxial bone anchors and methods of use in treating spinal disorders are known. Typical methods involve anchoring at least two screws or hooks into the vertebrae, and fixing the screws or hooks along a spinal rod to position or immobilize the vertebrae with respect to one another. The screws or hooks commonly have anchor heads with U-shaped channels in which the spinal rod is inserted and subsequently clamped by a fastener, such as, for example, a threaded nut, set screw or locking cap. These methods commonly involve multiple screws or hooks and multiple spinal rods. The spinal rod(s) may be shaped to maintain the vertebrae in a desired orientation so as to correct the spinal disorder at hand (e.g., to straighten a spine having abnormal curvature). Additionally or alternatively, the screws or hooks may be spaced along the rods(s) to compress or distract adjacent vertebrae. Surgeons may encounter difficulty with spinal fixation and stabilization methods because of difficulty aligning the spinal rod(s) with the U-shaped channels in the anchor heads of the screws or hooks. For example, the anchor heads are often out of alignment with one another because of the curvature of the spine or the size and shape of each vertebrae. To facilitate easier insertion of the spinal rods into the U-shaped channels, and to provide additional flexibility in the positioning of the spinal rods and the screws and hooks, bone anchors have been developed where the anchor member (e.g., screw or hook) and anchor head can initially pivot or rotate with respect to each other. These bone anchors are sometimes referred to as polyaxial bone anchors and the pivot or rotation of the anchor member is referred to as angulation. A disadvantage of many polyaxial bone anchors is the degree to which the anchor head and member can angulate. Typical polyaxial bone anchors have anchor members that can rotate up to about 30° from a central axis extending down through the anchor head. It may be advantageous to provide polyaxial bone anchors with increased angulation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is directed to polyaxial bone anchors and methods of use for attaching a rod, such as a support or spinal rod, to a bone, such as a vertebra. The bone anchor may include a hollow generally cylindrical housing or head (referred to hereinafter as an anchor head), an optional hollow generally cylindrical internal sleeve, an internal locking element, a pedicle screw for other type of anchor member, such as, for example, a hook or other similar structure), and preferably a locking cap with set screw (alternatively, other types of fasteners and fastening arrangements, such as, for example, a threaded nut or locking sleeve mounted on or over the top portion of the head, are also within the scope of the invention). The anchor head and internal sleeve may have a U-shaped channel for receiving a support/spinal rod (referred to hereinafter as a spinal rod or rod). The locking element preferably is sized and shaped to snap on to the head of the pedicle screw. And the locking cap and set screw may close the top opening of the U-shaped channel after a rod has been placed therein and, in combination with the locking element, lock or clamp the respective positions of the pedicle screw and rod. The anchor head, the internal sleeve, and primarily the locking element have features that allow the locking element to rotate or pivot within the anchor head. This in turn allows the pedicle screw to rotate or pivot around and away from the central axis of the anchor head at large angles. The pedicle screw or hook may be locked with respect to the anchor head at these large angles. The angulation is preferably as much as about 50° in every direction from the central axis. This advantageously provides greater flexibility to the surgeon when aligning spinal rods with the anchor heads of implanted screws and hooks during surgery. In one embodiment of the invention, the locking element, which can be described as a collet or collet-style bushing, has an upper portion with a plurality of resilient tabs to initially receive and hold the head of a pedicle screw. The internal sleeve has a bottom surface with a preferably corresponding inward taper to mate with the tapered shape of the exterior surface of the tabs on the collet to allow rotation and facilitate locking of the collet. The collet has at least one cutout of preferably about 50° on its lower side and the anchor head has a lower portion with a tapered inner surface that together make possible the large angulation of the pedicle screw mounted in the collet. The anchor head preferably also has an internal ledge for receiving a corresponding lip or projection on the collet to seat it within the head and allow it to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the bore of the anchor head so the cutout can be aligned in a desired direction for full angulation of the pedicle screw. The collet may have one or more cutouts and preferably has multiple cutouts. When the bone anchor is ready to be locked, the bottom interior surface of the internal sleeve presses down on the outside of the tabs of the collet so that the collet compresses around the screw head to lock the position of the screw. In another embodiment of the invention, the locking element, which may be described as a spherical bushing, can rotate or swivel within the anchor head prior to locking. The anchor head has a lower portion with a spherically-cut inner surface that facilitates rotation of die spherical bushing about a point within the anchor head. The spherical bushing has a spherical exterior shape, a spherical interior shape, and preferably at least one slot that permits the bushing to compress the head of a pedicle screw or hook inserted into the interior of the spherical bushing. Preferably, the pedicle screw or hook has an arcuate or spherical upper portion (head) whose shape corresponds to the interior shape of the spherical bushing. The internal sleeve has a bottom interior surface with a spherical shape to mate with the exterior spherical shape of the top portion of the spherical bushing. The interior surface of the spherical bushing has a centerpoint that is preferably offset from the centerpoint of the exterior surface of the spherical bushing and hence the pedicle screw mounted within it. This offset provides additional angulation as follows: The pedicle screw angulates a certain amount before its shank engages an edge of die spherical bushing. The spherical bushing can then rotate with the pedicle screw to provide the additional amount of angulation, the sum of which provides the increased angulation. When the bone anchor is ready to be locked, the internal sleeve is pressed down on the spherical bushing's top surface, so that the bushing compresses around the screw head to lock the position of the screw.

11461202

TECHNICAL FIELD Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of storage technologies, and in particular, to a remote data replication method and a system. BACKGROUND Data redundancy, also referred to as a remote data replication technology, is to establish a remote data system, and the system is available replication of local data. When a disaster occurs on the local data and an entire application system, the system stores at least one piece of available mission-critical service data in a remote area. A typical data redundancy system includes a production center and a disaster recovery center. In the production center, a host and a storage array are deployed for normal service operation. In the disaster recovery center, a host and a storage array are deployed, and are used to take over a service of the production center after a disaster occurs in the production center. In some application scenarios, storage arrays of the production center and the disaster recovery center include a file system. After data produced by the service of the production center is written into the production array, the data may be replicated to the disaster recovery center using a redundancy link and may be written into the disaster recovery array. In other approaches, remote data replication is based on block semantics. To be specific, during the replication, all data in a hard disk of the production array may be directly replicated to the disaster recovery array without considering an upper layer file of a data block. The data not only includes service data, but also includes metadata that describes the service data, for example, an attribute of the service data and a physical layout of the service data in the hard disk. This causes heavy load on the redundancy link. SUMMARY Embodiments provide a remote data replication method and a storage system in order to reduce load of a redundancy link between a production array and a disaster recovery array. According to a first aspect, a remote data replication method is provided. In the method, a production array sends a data replication request to a disaster recovery array. The data replication request includes an identifier of a source object and a data block corresponding to the source object, the source object includes a data container used to carry a file or a directory, the data block is stored in physical space of a hard disk of the production array, and an address of the data block stored in the physical space of the production array is a source physical address. The disaster recovery array receives the data replication request, and creates a target object when the disaster recovery array does not include an object having a same identifier as the source object. The target object corresponds to one or more segments of physical space of a hard disk of the disaster recovery array, and an identifier of the target object is the same as the identifier of the source object. The disaster recovery array writes the data block into the physical space, an address of the data block stored in the physical space is a target physical address, and the target physical address is different from the source physical address. Using the remote data replication method provided in the first aspect of this embodiment, the production array sends the identifier of the source object and the data block corresponding to the source object to the disaster recovery array. If the object having the same identifier as the source object is not included, the disaster recovery array creates the target object and writes the data block corresponding to the source object into the target object. The writing the data block into the target object is writing the data block into the physical space corresponding to the target object. Different from the other approaches, in this embodiment, a physical address of the data block stored in the disaster recovery array is different from a physical address of the data block stored in the production array. Therefore, the disaster recovery array is relatively flexible in storing the data block, and the production array does not need to replicate, to the disaster recovery array, data describing the physical address of the data block stored in the production array, and a correspondence between the physical address of the data block in the production array and the identifier of the object, saving bandwidth overheads between the production array and the disaster recovery array. In addition, the first aspect may be further implemented in another manner. For example, the identifier of the target object is different from the identifier of the source object, and after allocating the identifier to the target object, the disaster recovery array stores a correspondence between the identifier of the target object and the identifier of the source object, and then sends the correspondence to the production array. In this manner, the disaster recovery array may create the target object more flexibly, without requiring that the identifier of the target object be the same as the identifier of the source object. In a specific implementation of the first aspect, the data replication request further includes a logical address of the data block, the logical address is a location of the data block in the source object, and a location of the data block stored in the target object is the same as the location of the data block in the source object. In the foregoing specific implementation, the disaster recovery array stores a correspondence between the logical address and the target physical address and a correspondence between the identifier of the target object and the target physical address, where the correspondence between the logical address and the target physical address is different from a correspondence between the logical address and the source physical address, and the correspondence between the identifier of the target object and the target physical address is different from a correspondence between the identifier of the source object and the source physical address. The correspondence between the logical address and the target physical address is different from the correspondence between the logical address and the source physical address, and the correspondence between the identifier of the target object and the target physical address is different from the correspondence between the identifier of the source object and the source physical address. Therefore, the disaster recovery array may relatively flexibly lay out the target object in the hard disk. The production array does not need to send data describing these correspondences to the disaster recovery array, reducing link load. In any one of the foregoing specific implementations, the production array sends an incremental data replication request to the disaster recovery array, where the incremental data replication request includes incremental data and address information of the incremental data, the incremental data is a data block used to update the data block, and the address information of the incremental data includes the identifier of the source object and the logical address. When updating the data block in the source object, the production array needs to send the incremental data used to update the data block to the disaster recovery array such that the disaster recovery array synchronously updates the target object. In the foregoing specific implementation, the disaster recovery array receives the incremental data replication request, determines, based on the identifier of the source object in the address information of the incremental data, that an object corresponding to the incremental data is the target object, determines, based on the logical address in the address information of the incremental data, a location in the target object into which the incremental data is to be written, and writes the incremental data into the logical address of the target object. Therefore, the disaster recovery array updates the target object. In addition, when sending the incremental data to the disaster recovery array, the production array does not need to send, to the disaster recovery array, metadata that describes how to lay out the incremental data on the hard disk. Instead, the disaster recovery array regenerates the layout metadata when writing the incremental data. Therefore, bandwidth overheads between a production array end and a disaster recovery array end are saved. A second aspect of the embodiments further provides a storage system, including a production array and a disaster recovery array, which are separately configured to perform the remote data replication method in the first aspect. A third aspect of the embodiments further provides a storage device, including a controller and a hard disk, and a source file system and a target file system are constructed on the hard disk, where the source file system includes a source object, the source object includes a data container used to carry a file or a directory, a data block corresponding to the source object is stored in physical space corresponding to the source file system, and an address of the data block corresponding to the source object stored in the physical space is a source physical address. When determining that the target file system does not include an object having a same identifier as the source object, the controller is configured to create a target object, and allocate physical space in the physical space corresponding to the target file system to the target object. An identifier of the target object is the same as an identifier of the source object. The controller writes the data block into the physical space allocated to the target object, an address of the data block stored in the physical space allocated to the target object is a target physical address, and the target physical address is different from the source physical address. In addition, the third aspect may be further implemented in another manner. For example, the identifier of the target object is different from the identifier of the source object, and after allocating the identifier to the target object, the controller stores a correspondence between the identifier of the target object and the identifier of the source object. In a specific implementation of the third aspect, the controller is further configured to write, based on a logical address of the data block in the source object, the data block into the physical space allocated to the target object, and a location of the data block stored in the target object is the same as a location of the data block in the source object. A fourth aspect of the embodiments further provides a data backup method, used in the storage device provided in the third aspect.

11494319

BACKGROUND Semiconductor memories are used in many electronic systems to store data that may be retrieved at a later time. Information may be stored on individual memory cells of the memory as a physical signal (e.g., a charge on a capacitive element). The memory cells may be arranged in a memory array of rows (e.g., word lines) and columns (e.g., bit lines). The memory array may be further organized into bank groups, banks, planes, etc. An external device, such as a memory controller, may provide data along with a write command to the semiconductor memory to store data in the memory array. The data may be provided to one or more external data terminals (DQ terminals) serially. The data is deserialized (e.g., parallelized) by the semiconductor memory and provided to the memory array for storage in the memory cells. To retrieve the data, the external device may provide a read command to the semiconductor memory. In response, the semiconductor device may retrieve the data from the memory array in parallel. The semiconductor memory may serialize the data and provide the data via the DQ terminals to the external device. The location of the data in the memory array may be indicated by a memory address, which may indicate the bank and row of the memory cells where the data is stored. Depending on the organization of the memory array, the address may further indicate a sub-portion of the bank or other portion of the memory array. The memory address may be provided by the external device to the semiconductor memory along with the read and write commands. While the memory address may indicate where data is to he stored in the memory array, the data may be provided to or from the location in the memory array from or to the DQ terminals in a predetermined format, referred to as a DQ map. The DQ map may provide a relationship between memory cells of the memory array and the DQ terminals. For example, the DQ map may indicate the data from which memory cells are provided to which DQ terminals and in which order. The DQ map may also indicate the data from which DQ terminals received at different times are provided to which memory cells of the memory array. The DQ map may be based on one or more factors such as the number of DQ terminals, burst length, and organization of the memory array.

11215931

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-044628, filed on Mar. 13, 2020; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. FIELD Embodiments described herein relate generally to a semiconductor device manufacturing system and a semiconductor device manufacturing method. BACKGROUND An exposure device used for manufacturing a semiconductor device transfers a pattern of the semiconductor device onto a substrate by exposing the substrate according to an exposure condition and correction parameters thereof. At this time, it is desired to appropriately adjust the correction parameters.

11460210

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) of a Korean patent application number 10-2019-0165853, filed on Dec. 12, 2019, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. BACKGROUND 1. Field The disclosure relates to an air conditioning device that performs an air conditioning operation based on information on an identified object, and a control method thereof. 2. Description of Related Art With the development of air conditioning technologies and construction of an Internet of Things (IoT) environment connected through a wireless communication network, a current air conditioning device is able to provide a more pleasant indoor environment to a user than an air conditioning device by utilizing information collected through a wireless communication network and a sensor, etc., without intervention of a user. Meanwhile, for providing a pleasant indoor environment, it is necessary to identify information on an indoor environment, and in this case, a process of analyzing an image acquired through a camera provided on an air conditioning device is needed. Meanwhile, in an image acquired through a camera, figures such as a person who lives indoors may be included, for example, and in this regard, there is a problem regarding protection of privacy. The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the disclosure. SUMMARY Aspects of the disclosure are to address at least the above-mentioned problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below. Accordingly, an aspect of the disclosure is to provide an air conditioning device for which the problem of privacy of an indoor image photographed for providing a pleasant indoor environment has been reduced, and a control method thereof. Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments. In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, an air conditioning device for achieving the aforementioned purpose is provided. The air conditioning device includes an image sensor, and a processor configured to identify an object based on edge information included in an image acquired through the image sensor, and control an operation of the air conditioning device based on the type information of the identified object. In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a control method of an air conditioning device is provided. The control method of an air conditioning device includes the steps of identifying an object based on edge information included in an image acquired through an image sensor, and controlling an operation of the air conditioning device based on the type information of the identified object. As described above, according to the various embodiments of the disclosure, the problem of privacy of an indoor image photographed for providing a pleasant indoor environment can be reduced. Also, an air conditioning device can identify indoor environment information correctly from an image for which the problem of privacy has been reduced, and provide a pleasant environment that suits an indoor space and a situation. In addition, as an air conditioning mode, etc., are changed according to the amount of activity and the state of absence of an identified object, power consumption can be reduced. Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses various embodiments of the disclosure.

11251269

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure is related to semiconductor devices, in particular to silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices and manufacturing methods therefor. BACKGROUND Technology development of SiC semiconductor devices including field effect transistor cells aims at reducing an area-specific on-state resistance RDS(on)without adversely affecting a blocking voltage capability VDSbetween source and drain. Although one device characteristic, for example the area-specific on-state resistance RDS(on), may be improved by varying a certain device parameter, for example by increasing a drift zone doping concentration, this may lead to deterioration of another device characteristic, for example the blocking voltage capability VDSbetween source and drain. Thus, device parameters are designed during technology development based on a number of tradeoffs to be met in view of target device specifications. There is a need to improve semiconductor devices based on silicon carbide. SUMMARY An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device that includes a trench gate structure extending from a first surface into a silicon carbide semiconductor body along a vertical direction. The semiconductor device further includes a body region of a first conductivity type adjoining a sidewall of the trench gate structure and including a first body sub-region adjoining the sidewall and a second body sub-region adjoining the sidewall. At least one profile of dopants of the first conductivity type along the vertical direction includes a first doping peak in the first body sub-region and a second doping peak in the second body sub-region. A doping concentration of the first doping peak is larger than a doping concentration of the second doping peak. Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The method comprises forming a trench gate structure extending from a first surface into a silicon carbide semiconductor body along a vertical direction. The method further comprises forming a body region of a first conductivity type adjoining a sidewall of the trench gate structure and including a first body sub-region adjoining the sidewall and a second body sub-region adjoining the sidewall. At least one profile of dopants of the first conductivity type along the vertical direction includes a first doping peak in the first body sub-region and a second doping peak in the second body sub-region. A doping concentration of the first doping peak in the first body sub-region is larger than a doping concentration of the second doping peak in the second body sub-region. Those skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description and on viewing the accompanying drawings.

11346297

FIELD The present description relates generally to systems and methods for improving accuracy of an amount of fuel that is injected to an engine via sensing a fuel rail pressure drop for at least one injector. BACKGROUND/SUMMARY Engines may be configured with direct fuel injectors (DI) for injecting fuel directly into an engine cylinder and/or port fuel injectors (PFI) for injecting fuel into an intake port of the engine cylinder. Fuel injectors may develop piece-to-piece variability over time due to imperfect manufacturing processes and/or injector aging, for example. Injector performance may degrade (e.g., injector becomes clogged) which may further increase piece-to-piece injector variability. Additionally or alternatively, injector to injector flow differences may lead to disparate injector aging between injectors. As a result, the actual amount of fuel injected to each cylinder of an engine may not be the desired amount and the difference between the actual and desired amounts may vary between injectors. Variability in a fuel injection amount between cylinders may result in reduced fuel economy, undesired tailpipe emissions, torque variation that causes a lack of perceived engine smoothness, and an overall decrease in engine efficiency. Engines operating with a dual injector system, such as dual fuel or PFDI systems, may have a higher number of fuel injectors resulting in greater possibility for injector variability. It may be desirable to balance the injectors so that all injectors inject the same, or in other words, have a similar error (e.g., all injectors at 1% under fueling). Various approaches use fuel rail pressure drop across each injector to correct each injector's transfer function. One example approach is shown by Surnilla et al. in U.S. 2020/0116099. Therein, fuel rail pressure samples collected during a noisy zone of injector operation are discarded while samples collected during a quiet zone are averaged to determine an injector pressure. The injector pressure is then used to infer injection volume, injector error, and update an injector transfer function. Another example approach is shown by Surnilla et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 9,593,637. Therein, a fuel injection amount for an injector is determined based on a difference in fuel rail pressure (FRP) measured before injector firing and FRP after injector firing. However, the inventors herein have recognized potential issues with such systems. As one example, average inter-injection pressure is used to estimate the fuel rail pressure drop across each injector even for engines with a higher number of cylinders and corresponding injection events. The inter-injection period may be based on factors such as number of cylinders, engine speed, and injection pulse width. The error learned during these conditions may be applied to future direct injector parameters. Applying a correction based on the error for a direct injector includes some challenges due to a non-linear direct injector fueling error shape. The correction of Surnilla may not provide the desired correction. The inventors herein have recognized the above-mentioned disadvantages and have developed a method for adjusting a pulse-width (PW) signaled to a direct injector of a plurality of direct injectors, the PW signaled is based on a fueling offset of the direct injector learned at a subset of PWs during a pressure-based injector balancing (PBIB) diagnostic. The plurality of direct injectors is only operated at the subset of PWs. In this way, direct injector balancing may be learned more quickly. The above advantages and other advantages, and features of the present description will be readily apparent from the following Detailed Description when taken alone or in connection with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.

11510157

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(a), this application is entitled to and claims the benefit of the filing date of Application No. 202141022794 filed May 21, 2021 in India, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 17/028,932 filed Sep. 22, 2020, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. BACKGROUND The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of specifications define the underlying technology for implementing WiFi. Spatial Reuse (SR) is a feature introduced in the IEEE 802.11ax standard, or simply 802.11ax. Spatial reuse refers to the idea that an 802.11ax access point (AP) and stations (clients) comprising a basic service set (BSS) can transmit on the same channel in parallel (concurrently) as another BSS, allowing for overlapping BSS (OBSS) transmissions on the same channel.

11354954

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to containers and methods for accessing locking mechanisms. More particularly, the present invention relates to a concealed carry weapon container with a secure closure, a panic switch, a ballistic armor plate and a locking mechanism that is particularly centered around biometrics and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) authentication. Further, the present invention includes a system and method for managing the locking mechanism thereof. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Presently, gun safes and similar reinforced storages are generally stationary or elsewise require a dedicated key that can be misplaced or difficult to handle in certain situations. It is therefore the objective of the present invention to provide a protocol and container in connection and synced with a computing device of a user and at least one RFID article, where the container and computing device possess visual acquisition means to authenticate the user in lieu of or alongside at least one RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag. Further the container, possessed of a processor can logically determine by sensor and scanning for nearby entities such as a facial or fingerprint scan and referenced to a registered scan to determine if the specific user is attempting access to the contents of the container sealed behind a fail-secure lock. The contents may typically comprise an article that is licensed or regulated to be in the control of the user or otherwise inaccessible to those lacking the appropriate authorization such as a firearm, similar, or elsewise article extraneous to the apparatus. It will further be appreciated that the system provides a means of identifying when the container is an unacceptable distance from the user if they keep their computing device on their person, ensuring that the restricted article is retained under greater control than a conventional container. Further, through a processor, the protocol can determine whether the container is being tampered with and respond accordingly by alerting the authorized user of tampering. Still further it is appreciable that the container provides a panic switch that is employable within the operable phase to alert security authorities provided at registration to get in contact with, informing of an incident and forwarding any salient video or sound thereto. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus may afford a teacher with a concealed carry article to house the firearm within the container near to their person. When a student should begin to tamper with the apparatus, the protocol monitors the status of the system and relays the tampering thereof to the owner of the container. While inversely if a situation should arise, the user of the apparatus could open the container, provide any number of scans to the visual acquisition means on their computing device or the container, or elsewise an RFID article placed in proximity of a scanning element, and access the contents sealed behind the fail-secure lock and the quick access aperture. Thus, the present invention offers a method and system including an apparatus and protocol that can provide for an accountable, mobile security storage, which allows the user immediate access to the system through registered biometrics and provides alerts of unauthorized access or misplacement of the container and restricted articles such as firearms or elsewise extraneous articles such as money, jewelry, and any other valuable articles. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A concealed carry weapon (CCW) container offers a user with a secure closure, a panic switch, a ballistic armor plate and a locking mechanism to ensure that the CCW pocket inside the container or a CCW bag stays locked at all times even when there is no power. The CCW container enables a user to quickly and automatically unlock when the user utilizes the facial recognition system, a pass code, or the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) portable Tag. Additionally, the present invention allows the user to operate the locking mechanism by other biometric technologies such as finger, eye recognition, voice recognition, or any other locking mechanism means. The CCW container not only employs exterior lighting, but also interior illumination using LED (light emit diode) lights to ensure that the inside of the CCW container is well lit, so that the user can easily see the content of the CCW container in dark environment or if the user with the container is in an area that is not well lit. Additionally, the CCW container of the present invention provides the user with quick access to the CCW container in case that the user needs to draw their weapon from the CCW container which can be completed very quickly because of the quick access pocket which allows the two pocket flaps held together by magnets to be pushed open instantly. Thus, the CCW container with the magnetic closure can work efficiently and effectively even if there is no locking mechanism. Additionally, the CCW container with the magnetic closure may enable the user to overcome the adrenaline effect which is when the blood rushes to the user's core leaving the extremities and making it hard for the user to open the CCW container, for example, to grab zipper pulls to try to retrieve an article or firearm weapon under emergency. But with the magnetic closure, the CCW container of the present invention allows faster drawing of an article or firearm weapon even if the user's adrenaline is pumping. Further, the CCW container can be used as a shield with a ballistic armor plate installed therein in case of an active shooter situation by holding the container over the user's vital body parts and then escaping to safety. The ballistic armor plate that is attached to the container or to a ballistic armor plate pocket mounted to the container can protect the user from the shooter's bullets. Further, the pocket with a ballistic armor plate can be used in a variety of applications including, but not limited to, garments such as suits, coats, jackets, pants, and/or shirts, etc., to protect the user as desired. A method and system of the present invention allows the user to manage a fail-secure locking mechanism using a mobile app on a personal computing (PC) device, or at least one RFID tag, or any other biometric technology. The fail-secure locking mechanism may be fitted on the CCW, or any other suitable objects. The CCW container and PC device provide visual acquisition means to authenticate the user in lieu of or alongside at least one RFID tag. Additionally, the method and system can determine if a specific user is attempting access to the contents of the container sealed behind a fail-secure lock by scanning for nearby entities such as a facial or fingerprint scan and comparing with a pre-registered scan. The method provides a means of identifying when the container is at an unacceptable distance from the user if the user keeps the corresponding PC device on their person, ensuring that the restricted article is retained under greater control than a conventional container. Further, the method can determine whether the fail-secure lock is being tampered with and respond accordingly by alerting the authorized user of tampering. Additionally, the method provides a panic switch that alerts security authorities provided at registration to get in contact with, informing of an incident and forwarding any salient video or sound thereto. In an emergency situation, the method enables the user to quickly open the fail-secure lock by providing any number of scans to the visual acquisition means on their PC device or an RFID tag placed in proximity of a RFID reader, and access the contents sealed behind the fail-secure lock. Thus, the present invention offers a method and system including a fail-secure lock apparatus that can provide for an accountable, mobile security storage, which allows the user immediate access to the system through registered biometrics and provides alerts of unauthorized access or misplacement of the container and restricted articles such as firearms or elsewise extraneous articles such as money, jewelry, and any other valuable articles.

11349108

FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to an array substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display panel. BACKGROUND OF INVENTION Active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) panels have become a new generation display technology due to their high contrast, wide color gamut, low power consumption, and foldability. At present, a flexible AMOLED array substrate process includes ten to twelve processes, which is two to three more processes than a rigid AMOLED array substrate process. Among them, the extra processes mainly used to etch and dig an inorganic film layer which has poor stress on a non-display bending zone and has poor flexibility, and is filled with an organic material with good flexibility to improve bending performance of the non-display bend zone. However, the above array process of the flexible AMOLED has problems of many process steps and high cost. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an array substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display panel to reduce processes of the array substrate and reduce a cost. In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a manufacturing method of an array substrate. The manufacturing method of the array substrate, comprising following steps of: providing a base, wherein the base comprises a display region and a non-display region disposed around the display region; forming an inorganic film set layer on the base; forming an opening on the inorganic film set layer and forming a patterned source-drain layer, wherein the opening is disposed in the non-display region, and the source-drain layer does not cover or fill the opening; and forming an organic planarization layer on the inorganic film set layer, wherein the organic planarization layer covers the source-drain layer and fills and covers the opening. Wherein the step of forming the opening on the inorganic film set layer and forming the patterned source-drain layer comprises: forming the patterned source-drain layer on the inorganic film set layer; and forming the opening in a region of the inorganic film set layer not covered by the source-drain layer, wherein the opening is disposed in the non-display region. Wherein the opening comprises a first hole and a second hole that are stacked and communicated with each other on the base, and the step of forming the opening on the inorganic film set layer comprises: forming the first hole having a first predetermined depth on the inorganic film set layer by exposure and etching; and forming the second hole having a second predetermined depth on the inorganic film set layer in a direction close to the base and through the first hole by exposure and etching, wherein a sum of the second predetermined depth and the first predetermined depth is equal to a thickness of the inorganic film set layer. Wherein the inorganic film set layer comprises a buffer layer, a first gate insulating layer, a second gate insulating layer, and an interlayer dielectric layer sequentially away from the base, and the step of forming the inorganic film set layer on the base comprises: depositing the buffer layer on the base; depositing the first gate insulating layer on the buffer layer; depositing the second gate insulating layer on the first gate insulating layer; and depositing the interlayer dielectric layer on the second gate insulating layer. Wherein further comprises: forming a low temperature polysilicon layer on the buffer layer after the step of depositing the buffer layer on the base, wherein the low temperature polysilicon layer is disposed in the display region, and the first gate insulating layer covers the low temperature polysilicon layer; forming a first metal layer on the first gate insulating layer after the step of depositing the first gate insulating layer on the buffer layer, wherein the first metal layer is disposed in the display region, and the second gate insulating layer covers the first metal layer; and forming a second metal layer on the second gate insulating layer after the step of depositing the second gate insulating layer on the first gate insulating layer, wherein the second metal layer is disposed in the display region, and the interlayer dielectric layer covers the second metal layer. In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an array substrate. The array substrate comprises: a base, wherein the base comprises a display region and a non-display region disposed around the display region; an inorganic film set layer disposed on the base, wherein an opening is provided on the inorganic film set layer, and the opening is disposed in the non-display region; a patterned source-drain layer disposed on the inorganic film set layer, wherein the source-drain layer does not cover or fill the opening; and an organic planarization layer disposed on the inorganic film set layer, wherein the organic planarization layer covers the source-drain layer and fills and covers the opening. Wherein the non-display region comprises a bending zone and a non-bending zone disposed at a side of the bending zone, and the opening is disposed in the bending zone and is plural. Wherein the plurality of openings is arranged in an array on the bending zone. Wherein the opening is a groove or a through hole. Wherein the inorganic film set layer comprises a buffer layer, a first gate insulating layer, a second gate insulating layer, and an interlayer dielectric layer sequentially away from the base. Wherein the opening comprises a first hole and a second hole that are stacked and communicated with each other on the base. Wherein the first hole is disposed on the second hole, and a ratio of a depth of the first hole to a thickness of the inorganic film set layer is in a range from 0.3 to 0.5. In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a display panel. The display panel comprises an array substrate. The array substrate comprises a base, wherein the base comprises a display region and a non-display region disposed around the display region; an inorganic film set layer disposed on the base, wherein an opening is provided on the inorganic film set layer, and the opening is disposed in the non-display region; a patterned source-drain layer disposed on the inorganic film set layer, wherein the source-drain layer does not cover or fill the opening; and an organic planarization layer disposed on the inorganic film set layer, wherein the organic planarization layer covers the source-drain layer and fills and covers the opening. Wherein the non-display region comprises a bending zone and a non-bending zone disposed at a side of the bending zone, and the opening is disposed in the bending zone and is plural. Wherein the plurality of openings is arranged in an array on the bending zone. Wherein the opening is a groove or a through hole. Wherein the inorganic film set layer comprises a buffer layer, a first gate insulating layer, a second gate insulating layer, and an interlayer dielectric layer sequentially away from the base. Wherein the opening comprises a first hole and a second hole that are stacked and communicated with each other on the base. Wherein the first hole is disposed on the second hole, and a ratio of a depth of the first hole to a thickness of the inorganic film set layer is in a range from 0.3 to 0.5. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: different from the prior art, the manufacturing method of the array substrate provided by the present invention, by making the opening on the inorganic film set layer disposed in the non-display region, and filling the opening in the subsequent planarization layer manufacturing process, which can reduce processes of filling the opening with organic material, saves masks of the processes, and helps to reduce costs.

11458123

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/230,354, filed on Aug. 5, 2016; and U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 62/406,888, filed on Oct. 11, 2016; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/686,640, filed on Apr. 14, 2015, published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0291562; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/792,414, filed on Jul. 6, 2015, published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0058872; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/371,956, filed on Jul. 11, 2014, published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0356322; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/074,820, filed on Mar. 18, 2016, published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0272639, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Furthermore, all references cited herein are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Discovery The present description relates to bifunctional compounds, which are useful for modifying intracellular ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target polypeptides and proteins, in particular, Tau protein. Compounds of the present disclosure place target protein/polypeptide in proximity to a ubiquitin ligase to effect the ubiquitination and degradation (and inhibition) of Tau protein. 2. Background Information Most small molecule drugs bind enzymes or receptors in tight and well-defined pockets. On the other hand, protein-protein interactions are notoriously difficult to target using small molecules due to their large contact surfaces and the shallow grooves or flat interfaces involved. E3 ubiquitin ligases (of which hundreds are known in humans) confer substrate specificity for ubiquitination, and therefore, are more attractive therapeutic targets than general proteasome inhibitors due to their specificity for certain protein substrates. The development of ligands of E3 ligases has proven challenging, in part due to the fact that they must disrupt protein-protein interactions. However, recent developments have provided specific ligands which bind to these ligases. For example, since the discovery of nutlins, the first small molecule E3 ligase inhibitors, additional compounds have been reported that target E3 ligases, but the field remains underdeveloped. One E3 ligase with exciting therapeutic potential is the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor, the substrate recognition subunit of the E3 ligase complex VCB, which also consists of elongins B and C, Cul2 and Rbx1. The primary substrate of VHL is Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α), a transcription factor that upregulates genes such as the pro-angiogenic growth factor VEGF and the red blood cell inducing cytokine erythropoietin in response to low oxygen levels. The first small molecule ligands of Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) to the substrate recognition subunit of the E3 ligase were generated, and crystal structures were obtained confirming that the compound mimics the binding mode of the transcription factor HIF-1α, the major substrate of VHL. Cereblon is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRBN gene. CRBN orthologs are highly conserved from plants to humans, which underscores its physiological importance. Cereblon forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1), Cullin-4A (CUL4A), and regulator of cullins 1 (ROC1). This complex ubiquitinates a number of other proteins. Through a mechanism which has not been completely elucidated, cereblon ubquitination of target proteins results in increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10). FGF8 in turn regulates a number of developmental processes, such as limb and auditory vesicle formation. The net result is that this ubiquitin ligase complex is important for limb outgrowth in embryos. In the absence of cereblon, DDB1 forms a complex with DDB2 that functions as a DNA damage-binding protein. The Tau protein is an abundant protein in the central nervous system primarily found in neuronal cells, although Tau is expressed at lower levels in other cells of the central nervous system. In a healthy neuron, Tau binds to microtubules and regulates microtubule stability, which is critical for axonal outgrowth and neuronal plasticity. When pathologically altered, Tau molecules are not able to stabilize microtubules and are prone to form insoluble aggregates. Once the Tau protein forms insoluble aggregates in cells, cellular dysfunction occurs, axonal transport is compromised, and neuronal loss ensues. Accumulation of abnormal Tau aggregates in neurons is an important pathological signature in multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. In certain pathological conditions, Tau aggregation results in paired-helical filaments (PHFs), straight filaments (SFs) and/or neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The accumulation of PHFs and NFTs in neurons directly correlates with microtubule dysfunction and neuronal degeneration. Neurons containing tau PHFs, SFs, and or NFTs activate diverse cellular mechanisms to try and rid the cell of the abnormal protein aggregates. More recent studies suggest that, instead of the large insoluble filaments, soluble Tau oligomers might play a more critical role in the onset and progression of disease prior to the development of PHF- or NFT-induced neurotoxicity. Oligomeric species of Tau may act as seeds for the aggregation of native Tau, thereby promoting neurotoxic Tau aggregation. Accumulating evidence has suggested that Tau aggregates can be transmitted from one cell to another by propagating in a prion-like manner. Tau alteration and dysfunction and extensive neuron loss has long been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases now collectively called tauopathies. The term “tauopathy” or “tauopathies” refers herein to a class of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the pathological aggregation of Tau protein in neurofibrillary or gliofibrillary tangles in the human brain. Examples of tauopathies include but are not limited to AD, Down's syndrome, frontotemporal lobular dementia (FTLD), cotricobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) Due to its pathological significance in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, Tau is an important therapeutic target. Preventing Tau aggregation becomes a potential strategy to treat neurodegenerative disorders associated with Tau. So far, great effort has been made to identify molecular mechanisms of Tau aggregation and find therapeutics to halt the progression of neurodegeneration. Tau aggregation inhibitors which demonstrated promising pre-clinical data have proven ineffective in recent clinical trials for the treatment of various tauopathies. Therefore, a need exists in the art for effective treatments of diseases and conditions that are related to the aggregation of Tau in neurodegenerative disorders such as tauopathies. SUMMARY The present disclosure describes bifunctional compounds, including compositions comprising the same, which function to recruit endogenous proteins to an E3 ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, and methods of using the same. In particular, the present disclosure provides bifunctional or proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC) compounds, which find utility as modulators of targeted ubiquitination and degradation of Tau protein aggregates. In addition, the description provides methods of using an effective amount of the compounds as described herein for the treatment or amelioration of disease conditions due to accumulation or aggregation of Tau proteins such as tauopathies. These diseases or disorders include but are not limited to neurological or neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, in one aspect, the disclosure provides compounds which function to recruit endogenous proteins, e.g., Tau, to E3 Ubiquitin Ligase for ubiquintination and degradation. In any of the embodiments, the compounds have the following general structures PTM-L-ULM In certain embodiments, the compounds have the following general structures (A) PTM-L-VLM  (A) In certain embodiments, the compounds have the following general structures (B) PTM-L-CLM  (B) wherein, PTM represents protein targeting moiety, ULM represents E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting moiety including but not limited to VLM (VHL ligase-binding moiety) and CLM (cereblon ligase-binding moiety) and L represents a linker, e.g., a bond or a chemical linker moiety. As would be understood by the skilled artisan, the bifunctional compounds as described herein can be synthesized such that the number and position of the respective functional moieties can be varied as desired. In certain embodiments, the PTMs in structure (A) are the ligands that bind to Tau as well as VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase. In certain embodiments, the PTMs in structure (B) are the ligands that bind to Tau as well as CLM E3 ubiquitin ligase. In certain embodiments, the compounds as described herein comprise multiple ULMs, multiple PTMs, multiple chemical linkers or a combination thereof. In an additional aspect, the description provides therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The therapeutic compositions modulate protein degradation in a patient or subject, for example, an animal such as a human, and can be used for treating or ameliorating disease states or conditions which are modulated through the degraded protein. In certain embodiments, the therapeutic compositions as described herein may be used to effectuate the degradation of proteins of interest for the treatment or amelioration of a disease, e.g., neuronal disease. In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of ubiquitinating/degrading a target protein in a cell. In certain embodiments, the method comprises administering a bifunctional compound as described herein comprising an ULM and a PTM, which may be linked through a linker moiety, as otherwise described herein, wherein the ULM is coupled to the PTM and wherein the ULM recognizes a ubiquitin pathway protein e.g., an ubiquitin ligase, such as an E3 ubiquitin ligase more preferably VLM and CLM and the PTM recognizes the target protein (TBM) such that degradation of the target protein will occur when the target protein (e.g., Tau) is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase, thus resulting in degradation of the target protein, inhibition of its effects and the control of protein levels. In another aspect, the target protein is Tau. The present disclosure provides treatment of a disease state or condition through control of protein levels, i.e. by lowering the level of that protein (e.g., Tau protein) in the cells of a patient via degradation. In particular, PTM are molecules that bind to Tau protein (TBM), and ULM are molecules that bind to VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase and/or to CLM E3 ubiquitin ligase with the following general structures: TBM-L-VLM/CLM The PTM (protein-targeting moiety) of the PROTACs of current disclosure is represented by the general formulas I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, XI, X, and XI: wherein:A, B, C, D, E, and F are each independently selected from an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl ring, an optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered cycloalkyl or a heterocycloalkyl, where contact between circles indicates ring fusion; andLPTMis selected from a bond, an alkyl, an alkenyl or an alkynyl, optionally interrupted by one or more rings (i.e., cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl), or one or more functional groups which could include —O—, —S—, —NR1PTM— (where R1PTMis selected from H or alkyl), —N═N—, —S(O)—, —SO2—, —C(O)—, —NHC(O)—, —C(O)NH—, —NHSO2—, —NHC(O)NH—, —NHC(O)O—, —OC(O)NH—, wherein the said functional group can be optionally located at either end of the linker (i.e., directly adjacent to the A, B, C, D, E, or F rings). The above mentioned aryl and heteroaryl rings can be optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents each independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino, trifluormethyl, and cyano, wherein the said alkyl and alkenyl groups can be further substituted. In any aspect or embodiment described herein, at least one of A, B, C, F, or a combination thereof is selected from optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl rings. In certain embodiments of the current disclosure, the PTM is represented by Formula I and/or II, where A, B and C are 5- or 6-membered fused aryl or heteroaryl rings, LPTMis selected from a bond or an alkyl, and D is selected from a 6-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, wherein A, B, C and D are optionally substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, trifluoromethyl, or cyano. In other embodiments, the PTM is represented by Formula III and/or IV, wherein A, B and C are 5- or 6-membered fused aryl or heteroaryl rings, LPTMis selected from a bond or an alkyl, and D and E are 5- or 6-membered fused aryl or heteroaryl rings, and wherein A, B, C, D and E are optionally substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, trifluoromethyl, or cyano. In certain other embodiments of the current disclosure, the PTM is represented by Formula I, wherein A is a phenyl or a 6-membered heteroaryl ring, B is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring, C is a phenyl or a 6-membered heteroaryl ring, LPTMis a bond, and D is a 6-membered heteroaryl or a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, wherein each A, B, C and D is optionally independently substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, dialkylamino, trifluoromethyl, or cyano, with the proviso that a nitrogen atom of any of the A, B, C and D rings is not directly connected to a heteroatom or to a carbon atom of the LPTM, to which another heteroatom is directly attached. It will be understood that the general structures are exemplary and the respective moieties can be arranged spatially in any desired order, number or configuration. In further embodiments, the description provides a bifunctional compound having a structure selected from the group consisting of Compounds 1-330 (e.g., a compound selected from Tables 1 and 2), a salt, a polymorph, and a prodrug thereof. In further embodiments, the description provides a bifunctional compound having a structure selected from the Table 1 or Table 2 (e.g., a chemical structure selected from Compounds 1-330), a salt, a polymorph, and a prodrug thereof. In another aspect, the description provides compositions comprising compounds as described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In certain embodiments, the compositions are therapeutic or pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In certain embodiments, the therapeutic or pharmaceutical compositions comprise an additional biologically active agent, e.g., an agent effective for the treatment of neuronal disease. In any of the aspects or embodiments described herein, the therapeutic compositions comprising compounds described herein can be in any suitable dosage form, e.g., solid, or liquid, and configured to be delivered by any suitable route, e.g., oral, parenteral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, etc. In another aspect, the description provides methods of modulating Tau protein, their ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation in a subject, e.g., a cell, a tissue, mammal, or human patient, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound as described herein or a composition comprising an effective amount of the same to a subject, wherein the compound or composition comprising the same is effective in modulating Tau ubquitination and degradation in the subject. In yet another aspect, the description provides methods of treating or ameliorating a symptom of a disease related to TAU activity in a subject, e.g., a cell, a tissue, mammal, or human patient, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound as described herein or a composition comprising an effective amount of the same to a subject in need thereof, wherein the compound or composition comprising the same is effective in treating or ameliorating a symptom of a disease related to TAU activity in the subject. In certain embodiments, the disease to be treated is neurological or neurodegenerative disease, e.g. Alzheimer, Parkinson, Dementia etc. In a preferred embodiment, the subject is a human. In an additional aspect, the description provides methods for identifying the effects of the degradation of proteins of interest in a biological system using compounds according to the present disclosure. Where applicable or not specifically disclaimed, any one of the embodiments described herein are contemplated to be able to combine with any other one or more embodiments, even though the embodiments are described under different aspects of the disclosure. As such, the preceding general areas of utility are given by way of example only and are not intended to be limiting on the scope of the present disclosure and appended claims. Additional objects and advantages associated with the compositions, methods, and processes of the present disclosure will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the instant claims, description, and examples. For example, the various aspects and embodiments of the disclosure may be utilized in numerous combinations, all of which are expressly contemplated by the present description. These additional advantages, objects, and embodiments are expressly included within the scope of the present disclosure. The publications and other materials used herein to illuminate the background of the disclosure, and in particular cases, to provide additional details respecting the practice, are incorporated by reference.

11523862

BACKGROUND The present disclosure relates to surgical instruments and, more particularly, to surgical instruments having replaceable components and/or a reduced number of components to facilitate cleaning, sterilization and replacement of disposable components in preparation for reuse. TECHNICAL FIELD A forceps is a plier-like instrument which relies on mechanical action between its jaws to grasp, clamp and constrict vessels or tissue. Electrosurgical forceps utilize both mechanical clamping action and electrical energy to affect hemostasis by heating tissue and blood vessels to coagulate and/or cauterize tissue. Certain surgical procedures require more than simply cauterizing tissue and rely on the unique combination of clamping pressure, precise electrosurgical energy control and gap distance (i.e., distance between opposing jaw members when closed about tissue) to “seal” tissue, vessels and certain vascular bundles. Typically, once a vessel is sealed, the surgeon has to accurately sever the vessel along the newly formed tissue seal. Accordingly, many vessel sealing instruments have been designed which incorporate a knife or blade member which effectively severs the tissue after forming a tissue seal. Generally, surgical instruments, including forceps, can be classified as single-use instruments, e.g., instruments that are discarded after a single use, partially-reusable instruments, e.g., instruments including both disposable portions and portions that are sterilizable for reuse, and completely reusable instruments, e.g., instruments that are completely sterilizable for repeated use. As can be appreciated, those instruments (or components of instruments) that can be sterilized and reused help reduce the costs associated with the particular surgical procedure for which they are used. However, although reusable surgical instruments are cost-effective, it is important that these instruments be capable of performing the same functions as their disposable counterparts, that any disposable components of these instruments be efficiently removable and replaceable with new components, and that the reusable components be efficiently and satisfactorily sterilizable for reuse. SUMMARY As used herein, the term “distal” refers to the portion that is being described which is further from a user, while the term “proximal” refers to the portion that is being described which is closer to a user. In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a forceps is provided. The forceps includes an end effector assembly having first and second jaw members. One or both of the jaw members is movable relative to the other between a spaced-apart position and an approximated position for grasping tissue therebetween. The forceps also includes a knife assembly having a cutting blade disposed at a distal end thereof. The knife assembly is translatable relative to the end effector assembly between a retracted position and an extended position, wherein the cutting blade extends between the jaw members to cut tissue grasped therebetween. The knife assembly includes a proximal component and a first distal component that includes the cutting blade. The proximal and first distal components are removably coupled to one another to facilitate replacement of the first distal component. In one aspect, the proximal and first distal components are coupled to one another by one or more pin-aperture engagements. In another aspect, one of the proximal and first distal components includes one or more cantilever springs having a tab extending from a free end thereof. The tab(s) is configured to engage a complementary notch defined within the other component to removably couple the proximal and first distal components to one another. In another aspect, a releasable locking mechanism is included. The releasable locking mechanism is movable between a locked position, wherein the proximal and first distal components are secured to one another, and an unlocked position, wherein the proximal and first distal components are removable from one another. In the unlocked position, for example, the first distal component may be replaceable with a second distal component. In still another aspect, the end effector assembly includes a window defined therethrough that is configured to provide access to a connection area between the proximal and distal components. As such, the window permits coupling and decoupling of the proximal and first distal components to one another. In yet another aspect, the proximal and first distal components are formed as a single monolithic piece. In such an aspect, in order to decouple the components, the single piece is broken into proximal and first distal components. The broken proximal component may then be engaged with a second distal component, e.g., via welding. In still yet another aspect, the jaw members are pivotably coupled to one another about a pivot pin and the first distal component includes an elongated slot having an open proximal end. The elongated slot is configured to permit passage of the pivot pin therethrough from the open proximal end thereof to facilitate decoupling of the proximal and first distal components from one another. A second distal component may also be is provided. The second distal component is similar to the first distal component and is configured to replace the first distal component. More specifically, the second distal component includes an elongated slot having an open proximal end that is configured to permit passage of the pivot pin therethrough from the open proximal end thereof to facilitate coupling of the proximal and second distal components to one another. A method of manufacturing a forceps is also provided in accordance with the present disclosure. The method includes providing a forceps including an end effector assembly having first and second jaw members movable between a spaced-apart position and an approximated position for grasping tissue therebetween. The forceps further includes a knife assembly translatable relative to the end effector assembly from a retracted position to an extended position for cutting tissue grasped between the jaw members. The knife assembly has a proximal component and a first distal component including a cutting blade disposed at a distal end thereof. The method further includes coupling the proximal component and the first distal component to one another, decoupling the proximal component and the first distal component from one another, and coupling a second distal component having a cutting blade disposed at a distal end thereof with the proximal component. In some aspects, the proximal and first distal components and/or the proximal and second distal components are coupled to one another according to any of the configurations described above. Additionally or alternatively, the knife assembly further includes a releasable locking mechanism. In such an aspect, the method may further include transitioning the releasable locking mechanism from a locked position, wherein the proximal and first distal components are secured to one another, to an unlocked position for decoupling the proximal and first distal components, replacing the first distal component with a second distal component, and transitioning the releasable locking mechanism from the unlocked position back to the locked position to couple the proximal component and second distal component to one another. In yet another aspect, the end effector assembly further includes a window defined therethrough. In such an aspect, the method may further include decoupling the first distal component from the proximal component through the window, and coupling the second distal component to the proximal component through the window. In still yet another aspect, the proximal and first distal components are decoupled from one another via breaking the knife assembly into proximal and first distal components. Thereafter, the first distal component may be replaced with a second distal component that is coupled to the proximal component, e.g., via welding. Any or all of the aspects described herein, to the extent consistent with one another, may be used in conjunction with any or all of the other aspects of the present disclosure.

11227464

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a gaming machine, a control method for a gaming machine, and a program for a gaming machine. BACKGROUND ART A gaming machine represented by a slot machine is highly popular among casino customers as a device that provides gaming that is easy to enjoy, and recent statistics report that sales from gaming machines account for the majority of casino earnings. Initial slot machines were simple devices, wherein an inserted coin is received, a configured reel rotates and stops mechanically according to a handle operation, and a win or a loss is determined by a combination of symbols stopped on a single pay line. However, recent gaming machines, such as mechanical slot machines driven by a highly accurate physical reel via a computer controlled stepping motor, video slot machines that display a virtual reel on a display connected to a computer, and various gaming machines that apply similar technology to other casino games are quickly advancing. For the manufacturers that develop these gaming machines, an important theme is to provide an attractive game that strongly attracts casino customers as players, and improves the functionality of the gaming machine. SUMMARY OF INVENTION In one aspect of the present invention, a gaming machine is provided. The gaming machine includes an operation unit, a display unit, and a control unit. The operation unit is configured to receive an operation of a player. The display unit operably is coupled to the operation unit and is configured to display a symbol display area. The symbol display area includes a plurality of cells arranged in a grid. The grid has a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. The grid further including a left plurality of columns and a right plurality of columns. Each column in the left plurality of columns is associated with a mirror column in the right plurality of columns. The control unit is operably coupled to the operation unit and the display unit and is configured to initiate a game in response to player operation and to establish an outcome of the game. The control unit, in response to initiation of the game, is configured to:randomly select a plurality of symbols associated with the symbol display area, each symbol in the plurality of symbols being associated with one of the plurality of cells in the grid, the plurality of symbols forming an interim outcome;determine if a trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the left plurality of columns;if the trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the left plurality of columns, copy the symbols in the one of the columns in the left plurality of columns to the mirror column in the right plurality of columns;determine if the trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the right plurality of columns;if the trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the right plurality of columns, copy the symbols in the one of the columns in the right plurality of columns to the associated column in the left plurality of columns, the copied symbols and any remaining symbols in the interim outcome forming the outcome of the game; and,award a payout to the player as a function of the outcome of the game. In another aspect of the invention, a control method for a gaming machine provides a game to a player. The gaming machine includes an operation unit, a display unit, and a control unit. The operation unit is configured to receive an operation of a player. The display unit operably is coupled to the operation unit and is configured to display a symbol display area. The symbol display area includes a plurality of cells arranged in a grid. The grid has a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. The grid further including a left plurality of columns and a right plurality of columns. Each column in the left plurality of columns is associated with a mirror column in the right plurality of columns. The control unit is operably coupled to the operation unit and the display unit and is configured to initiate a game in response to player operation and to establish an outcome of the game. The method including the steps of: randomly selecting a plurality of symbols associated with the symbol display area, each symbol in the plurality of symbols being associated with one of the plurality of cells in the grid, the plurality of symbols forming an interim outcome; determining if a trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the left plurality of columns; if the trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the left plurality of columns, copying the symbols in the one of the columns in the left plurality of columns to the mirror column in the right plurality of columns; determining if the trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the right plurality of columns; if the trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the right plurality of columns, copying the symbols in the one of the columns in the right plurality of columns to the associated column in the left plurality of columns, the copied symbols and any remaining symbols in the interim outcome forming the outcome of the game; and, awarding a payout to the player as a function of the outcome of the game. In still another aspect of the present invention, a program for a gaming machine provides a game to a player. The gaming machine includes an operation unit, a display unit, and a control unit. The operation unit is configured to receive an operation of a player. The display unit operably is coupled to the operation unit and is configured to display a symbol display area. The symbol display area includes a plurality of cells arranged in a grid. The grid has a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. The grid further including a left plurality of columns and a right plurality of columns. Each column in the left plurality of columns is associated with a mirror column in the right plurality of columns. The control unit is operably coupled to the operation unit and the display unit and is configured to initiate a game in response to player operation and to establish an outcome of the game. The program of the gaming machine performing the steps of: randomly selecting a plurality of symbols associated with the symbol display area, each symbol in the plurality of symbols being associated with one of the plurality of cells in the grid, the plurality of symbols forming an interim outcome; determining if a trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the left plurality of columns; if the trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the left plurality of columns, copying the symbols in the one of the columns in the left plurality of columns to the mirror column in the right plurality of columns; determining if the trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the right plurality of columns; if the trigger condition has occurred in one of the columns in the right plurality of columns, copying the symbols in the one of the columns in the right plurality of columns to the associated column in the left plurality of columns, the copied symbols and any remaining symbols in the interim outcome forming the outcome of the game; and, awarding a payout to the player as a function of the outcome of the game.

11321944

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION As the world's population continues to grow, the demand for goods and services continues to increase. Industries grow in lockstep with the increased demand and often require an ever-expanding network of enterprises employing various processes to accommodate the growing demand for goods and services. For example, an increased demand in automobiles can increase the need for robust assembly lines, capable of completing a larger number of processes in each station on the assembly line while minimizing anomalies and reducing completion times associate with each process. The collection of data is an important part of controlling, improving and or automating manufacturing and other similar contexts. A number of measurements are dependent upon detecting cycle start, cycle continue, cycle end and no cycle events of a given task or process. Detecting cycle events from a sensor stream can be difficult. Furthermore, detecting the constituent parts that make up a cycle that are used to detect the cycle events can be very computationally intensive and may not be able to be performed at or faster than the rate of the manufacturing process. In addition, there can be considerable variation in the appearance of a unit within even a single cycle. There can be even bigger variations across cycles. Variations can be caused by pose differences, position differences, occlusion, disocclusion, illumination differences and the like. The pose of the object can be different within and across cycles because, for example, the object is usually pushed in by a human and may be oriented in many different ways when it enters view, especially in factories and/or workstations without a conveyor belt. The object can also change poses as the cycle progresses. The position of the unit can also be different within and across cycles. For instance, in factories and/or workstations without a conveyor belt, the object might appear anywhere in a considerable large area corresponding to the field of view of the video camera sensor. This can cause changes in the size of the object within the image frame owing to the varying distance from the camera. Similarly, workers standing or moving within the field of view or other transient objects may hide part of the unit from the camera in some frames and reveal the object in other frames. Variations in illumination can be caused by lighting that may vary at different points in time. In addition, there can be a lot of variation in the background. For example, variations can be cause by an indeterminate number of workers wearing clothing of various colors standing within the field of view of the cameras. In other examples, changes of furniture or settings in the background can also cause variations. Such variations can make it even more computationally intensive, and or increase the error rate in detecting cycle start, cycle continue, cycle end and no cycle events. Therefore, there is a continuing need for improved cycle detection techniques. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present technology may best be understood by referring to the following description and accompanying drawings that are used to illustrate embodiments of the present technology directed toward cycle detection in manufacturing, health care, warehousing, shipping, retail, restaurant or similar contexts. Typically, a manufacturing station or other similar context sees a small sequence of actions repeated again and again. For a given station, a cycle can be considered to be a sequence of actions that happen one after another and then get repeated. For instance, a computer assembling stations cycle may include bring in the computer case, affixing a motherboard to the computer case, affixing a hard drive to the computer case, connecting cables between the hard drive and the motherboard, affixing a fan to the computer case, affixing a power supply to the computer case, affixing a top cover to the computer case, affixing a label on the top cover, and the like. Detecting cycles and generating cycle data and rich statics therefrom can advantageously be utilized to identify bottleneck stations, under or over performing workers, determine product deliver plans, improve production efficiency, and or the like. In one embodiment, a machine learning cycle detection method can include receiving a sensor stream including constituent objects of a plurality of cycles of a process. Object properties and motion properties in sets of frames of the sensor stream can be determined. One or more of a cycle start event, cycle continued event, cycle end event and or no cycle event can be determined automatically in real time based on the object properties and motion properties. In another embodiment, a cycle detection system can include a set of light weight fully convolved layers, a concatenator, a fully connected neural network layer, a cycle event probability predictor module, a max probability finder and a connected component analyzer. The set of light weight fully convolved layers can be configured to receive a series of image sensor frames from a video and generate corresponding frames of descriptor vectors for successive cuboids in the spatio-temporal volume of the series of image sensor frames. The concatenators can be configured to concatenate the set of descriptor vectors to generate a joint descriptor vector. The fully connected neural network layer can be configured to generate a fully convolved descriptor vector from the joint descriptor vector. The cycle event probability module can be configured to generate probabilities of one or more of a cycle-start event, a cycle-continued event, a cycle-end event and a no-cycle event from the fully convolved vector. The max probability labeler can be configured to label a plurality of corresponding grid points with an associated maximum probability based on the received probabilities of the one or more of the cycle-start, cycle-continued, cycle-end and no-cycle events. The connected component analyzer can be configured to generate final start/continue/end or no cycle decisions based on supporting evidences from neighboring grid points. This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

11403255

BACKGROUND As process nodes continue to decrease in size, chiplets are used to increase yields and decrease costs of manufacturing chips. SUMMARY Implementations for managing discovered chiplets based on a physical topology are provided herein. In particular, a method includes receiving, by a control chiplet, a discovery signal from a first subordinate chiplet, the control chiplet being a portion of a processing unit of a package. The method further includes determining, by the control chiplet, a physical topology of the first subordinate chiplet relative to the control chiplet based on the discovery signal. The method further includes managing, by the control chiplet, operation of the first subordinate chiplet based on the physical topology of the first subordinate chiplet. In one implementation, a method is provided. The method includes receiving, by a control chiplet, a discovery signal from a first subordinate chiplet, the control chiplet being a portion of a processing unit of a package. The method further includes determining, by the control chiplet, a physical topology of the first subordinate chiplet relative to the control chiplet based on the discovery signal. The method further includes managing, by the control chiplet, operation of the first subordinate chiplet based on the physical topology of the first subordinate chiplet. In another implementation, a computer system is provided. The computer system includes a control chiplet being a portion of a processing unit of a package. The control chiplet comprises a processor device to receive a discovery signal from a first subordinate chiplet. The processor device is further to determine a physical topology of the first subordinate chiplet relative to the control chiplet based on the discovery signal. The processor device is further to manage operation of the first subordinate chiplet based on the physical topology of the first subordinate chiplet. In another implementation, a computer program product is stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of a control chiplet. The control chiplet is a portion of a processing unit of a package. The computer program product includes instructions to cause a processor device of a control chiplet to receive a discovery signal from a first subordinate chiplet. The processor device is further to determine a physical topology of the first subordinate chiplet relative to the control chiplet based on the discovery signal. The processor device is further to manage operation of the first subordinate chiplet based on the physical topology of the first subordinate chiplet. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description of the implementations in association with the accompanying drawing figures.

11223643

BACKGROUND Technical Field This application relates generally to application security, and more specifically, to detecting attack patterns in segmented network environment. Description of Related Art A segmentation policy comprises a set of rules that control which workloads may communicate on a network and may place restrictions on how such workloads may communicate. To enforce the segmentation policy, distributed firewalls executing on hosts or network midpoint devices receive management instructions for enforcing respective rules of the segmentation policy. The firewalls can filter traffic based on the respective IP addresses and ports of the source and destination, network protocols, and/or or other data to enforce the rules. When configuring a segmentation policy, it is useful to detect traffic patterns indicative of malicious behavior so that the segmentation policy can be appropriately configured to prevent such attacks. SUMMARY A system, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and method generates a traffic flow graph representing traffic in a segmented network that includes metadata tags indicating traffic flows matching an attack pattern. A policy management server stores a plurality of traffic pattern rules for detecting traffic patterns indicative of malicious behavior. The policy management server receives from a plurality of distributed enforcement modules, traffic flow data associated with a plurality of workloads managed by the plurality of distributed enforcement modules. The traffic flow data includes blocked connection attempts and successful connections. The policy management server processes the traffic flow data to identify a traffic flow between a first workload and a second workload that meets a matching traffic pattern rule of the plurality of traffic pattern rules. The policy management server tags the identified traffic flow as attack traffic. In an embodiment, the policy management server generates a visual representation of the traffic flow graph that includes a visual indicator for the identified traffic flow corresponding to the attack traffic. The traffic flow graph is provided to an administrator client for display, which may be useful for enabling the administrator to generate or update a segmentation policy that controls the permissible communications of the workloads. In other embodiments, the policy management server enables the traffic flow graph and associated tags indicating attack traffic to be accessed by an application used for generating a segmentation policy, either based on automated actions, administrator inputs, or both. For example, the application may issue an alert in response to detecting an attempt to enforce a segmentation that enables traffic flows detected to be attack traffic, thereby enhancing network security.

11427225

BACKGROUND An autonomous vehicle (e.g., a driverless car, a driverless auto, a self-driving car, a robotic car, etc.) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing an environment of the vehicle and traveling (e.g., navigating, moving, etc.) in the environment without human input. An autonomous vehicle uses a variety of techniques to detect the environment of the autonomous vehicle, such as radar, laser light, Global Positioning System (GPS), odometry, and/or computer vision. In some instances, an autonomous vehicle uses a control system to interpret information received from one or more sensors, to identify a route for traveling, to identify an obstacle in a route, and to identify relevant traffic signs associated with a route. SUMMARY Accordingly, disclosed are systems, devices, products, apparatuses, and/or methods for automated prediction of movement of objects in a roadway. The features and characteristics of the present disclosure, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structures and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the disclosure. As used in the specification and the claims, the singular form of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Provided are systems, devices, products, apparatuses, and/or methods for improving prediction of movement of objects external to an autonomous vehicle, improving generation of a driving path for an autonomous vehicle, improving control of travel of an autonomous vehicle, and/or the like. According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a method, comprising: obtaining, with a computing system comprising one or more processors, sensor data associated with one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; determining, with the computing system, one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for the one or more objects in the geographic location based on the sensor data; and generating, with the computing system, a driving path including one or more trajectories for an autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prior probability distributions. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, determining the one or more prior probability distributions further comprises: detecting a plurality of objects in the geographic location based on the sensor data; and identifying the one or more objects that previously moved in the geographic location from the plurality of objects based on the sensor data. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, determining the one or more prior probability distributions further comprises classifying each object of the one or more objects within one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes based on the sensor data. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects the one or more prior probability distributions are determined based on the one or more predetermined object classes of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are determined based on at least one prior probability associated with at least one condition parameter of the following plurality of condition parameters: one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the sensor data, a date associated with the sensor data, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more probability values further include at least one probability associated with at least one of the following: one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes associated with the one or more objects, one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the one or more motion paths, a date associated with the one or more motion paths, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the method further comprises obtaining, with the computing system, map data associated with the map of the geographic location. The method further comprises generating, with the computing system, the driving path including the one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway in the map based on the map data and the one or more prior probability distributions. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the method further comprises obtaining, with the computing system, user input associated with at least one element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location. The method further comprises generating, with the computing system, the driving path including the one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway in the map based on the map data, the one or more prior probability distributions, and the user input. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the user input is associated with a first element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location and a second element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location different than the first element, and wherein the driving path is generated on the roadway in the map between the first element and the second element. According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a computing system comprising: one or more processors programmed and/or configured to: obtain sensor data associated with one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; determine one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for the one or more objects in the geographic location based on the sensor data; and generate a driving path including one or more trajectories for an autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prior probability distributions. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prior probability distributions by detecting a plurality of objects that previously moved in the geographic location based on the sensor data. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more processors are further programmed or configured to identify the one or more objects that previously moved in the geographic location from the plurality of objects based on the sensor data. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prior probability distributions by: classifying each object of the one or more objects within one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes based on the sensor data, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are determined based on the one or more predetermined object classes of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are determined based on at least one prior probability associated with at least one condition parameter of the following plurality of condition parameters: one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the sensor data, a date associated with the sensor data, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location, and wherein the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more probability values further include at least one probability associated with at least one of the following: one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes associated with the one or more objects, one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the one or more motion paths, a date associated with the one or more motion paths, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to: obtain map data associated with the map of the geographic location. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more processors are further programmed or configured to generate a driving path including the one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway in the map based on the map data and the one or more prior probability distributions. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more processors are further programmed or configured to obtain user input associated with at least one element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location. The one or more processors are further programmed or configured to generate the driving path including the one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway in the map based on the map data, the one or more prior probability distributions, and the user input. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the user input is associated with a first element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location and a second element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location different than the first element, and wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to generate the driving path on the roadway between the first element and the second element. According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a computer program product including at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to obtain sensor data associated with one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; determine one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for the one or more objects in the geographic location based on the sensor data; and generate a driving path including one or more trajectories for an autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prior probability distributions. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a method, comprising: obtaining, with a computing system comprising one or more processors, one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; obtaining, with the computing system, sensor data associated with a detected object in an environment surrounding an autonomous vehicle; determining, with the computing system, one or more prediction scores based on the one or more prior probability distributions and the sensor data, wherein the one or more prediction scores include one or more predictions of whether the detected object is moving over at least one motion path of the one or more motion paths; and controlling, with the computer system, travel of the autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prediction scores. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more probability values further include at least one probability associated with at least one of the following: one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes associated with the one or more objects, one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the one or more motion paths, a date associated with the one or more motion paths, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the method further comprises obtaining, with the computing system, a driving path including one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway. The method further comprises controlling, with the computing system, travel of the autonomous vehicle on the roadway based on the one or more trajectories of the driving path and the one or more prediction scores. In some non-limiting embodiments, the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the method of determining the one or more prediction scores further comprises: classifying the detected object within at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the one or more predetermined object classes of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified and the at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the detected object is classified. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions include at least one prior probability associated with at least one condition parameter of the following plurality of condition parameters: one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the sensor data, a date associated with the sensor data, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the method of determining the one or more prediction scores further comprises: determining, for the detected object, at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the at least one prior probability associated with the at least one condition parameter and the at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more traversals of the roadway by one or more vehicles before the travel of the autonomous vehicle on the roadway, and wherein the one or more objects moved external to the one or more vehicles during the one or more traversals of the roadway by the one or more vehicles. According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a computing system comprising: one or more processors programmed and/or configured to: obtain one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; obtain sensor data associated with a detected object in an environment surrounding an autonomous vehicle; determine one or more prediction scores based on the one or more prior probability distributions and the sensor data, wherein the one or more prediction scores include one or more predictions of whether the detected object is moving over at least one motion path of the one or more motion paths; and control travel of the autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prediction scores. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more probability values further include at least one probability associated with at least one of the following: one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes associated with the one or more objects, one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the one or more motion paths, a date associated with the one or more motion paths, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more processors are further programmed or configured to: obtain a driving path including one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more processors are further programmed or configured to control travel of the autonomous vehicle on the roadway based on the one or more trajectories of the driving path and the one or more prediction scores. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified and the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prediction scores by: classifying the detected object within at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the one or more predetermined object classes of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified and the at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the detected object is classified. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions include at least one prior probability associated with at least one condition parameter of the following plurality of condition parameters: one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the sensor data, a date associated with the sensor data, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof, and the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prediction scores by: determining, for the detected object, at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the at least one prior probability associated with the at least one condition parameter and the at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter. According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is an autonomous vehicle comprising: one or more sensors for detecting objects in an environment surrounding the autonomous vehicle; and a vehicle computing system comprising one or more processors, wherein the vehicle computing system is programmed and/or configured to: obtain one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; obtain, from the one or more sensors, sensor data associated with a detected object in the environment surrounding the autonomous vehicle; determine one or more prediction scores based on the one or more prior probability distributions and the sensor data, wherein the one or more prediction scores include one or more predictions of whether the detected object is moving over at least one motion path of the one or more motion paths; and control travel of the autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prediction scores. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location, wherein the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more probability values further include at least one probability associated with at least one of the following: one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes associated with the one or more objects, one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the one or more motion paths, a date associated with the one or more motion paths, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the vehicle computing system is further programmed or configured to obtain a driving path including one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway; and control travel of the autonomous vehicle on the roadway based on the one or more trajectories of the driving path and the one or more prediction scores. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified, and wherein the vehicle computing system is further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prediction scores by: classifying the detected object within at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the one or more predetermined object classes of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified and the at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the detected object is classified. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions include at least one prior probability associated with at least one condition parameter of the following plurality of condition parameters: one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the sensor data, a date associated with the sensor data, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof, and wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prediction scores by: determining, for the detected object, at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the at least one prior probability associated with the at least one condition parameter and the at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more traversals of the roadway by one or more vehicles before the travel of the autonomous vehicle on the roadway, and wherein the one or more objects moved external to the one or more vehicles during the one or more traversals of the roadway by the one or more vehicles. Further non-limiting embodiments or aspects are set forth in the following numbered clauses: Clause 1: A method, comprising: obtaining, with a computing system comprising one or more processors, sensor data associated with one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; determining, with the computing system, one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for the one or more objects in the geographic location based on the sensor data; and generating, with the computing system, a driving path including one or more trajectories for an autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prior probability distributions. Clause 2: The method of clause 1, wherein determining the one or more prior probability distributions further comprises: detecting a plurality of objects in the geographic location based on the sensor data; and identifying the one or more objects that previously moved in the geographic location from the plurality of objects based on the sensor data. Clause 3: The method of any of clauses 1 or 2, wherein determining the one or more prior probability distributions further comprises: classifying each object of the one or more objects within one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes based on the sensor data, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are determined based on the one or more predetermined object classes of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified. Clause 4: The method of any of clauses 1-3, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are determined based on at least one prior probability associated with at least one condition parameter of the following plurality of condition parameters: one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the sensor data, a date associated with the sensor data, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. Clause 5: The method of any of clauses 1-4, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location, and wherein the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. Clause 6: The method of any of clauses 1-5, wherein the one or more probability values further include at least one probability associated with at least one of the following: one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes associated with the one or more objects, one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the one or more motion paths, a date associated with the one or more motion paths, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. Clause 7: The method of any of clauses 1-5, further comprising: obtaining, with the computing system, map data associated with the map of the geographic location; and generating, with the computing system, the driving path including the one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway in the map based on the map data and the one or more prior probability distributions. Clause 8: The method of any of clauses 1-7, further comprising: obtaining, with the computing system, user input associated with at least one element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location; and generating, with the computing system, the driving path including the one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway in the map based on the map data, the one or more prior probability distributions, and the user input. Clause 9: The method of any of clauses 1-8, wherein the user input is associated with a first element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location and a second element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location different than the first element, and wherein the driving path is generated on the roadway in the map between the first element and the second element. Clause 10: A computing system comprising: one or more processors programmed and/or configured to: obtain sensor data associated with one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; determine one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for the one or more objects in the geographic location based on the sensor data; and generate a driving path including one or more trajectories for an autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prior probability distributions. Clause 11: The computing system of clause 10, wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prior probability distributions by: detecting a plurality of objects that previously moved in the geographic location based on the sensor data; and identifying the one or more objects that previously moved in the geographic location from the plurality of objects based on the sensor data. Clause 12: The computing system of any of clauses 10 or 11, wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prior probability distributions by: classifying each object of the one or more objects within one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes based on the sensor data, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are determined based on the one or more predetermined object classes of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified. Clause 13: The computing system of any of clauses 10-12, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are determined based on at least one prior probability associated with at least one condition parameter of the following plurality of condition parameters: one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the sensor data, a date associated with the sensor data, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. Clause 14: The computing system of any of clauses 10-13, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location, and wherein the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. Clause 15: The computing system of any of clauses 10-14, wherein the one or more probability values further include at least one probability associated with at least one of the following: one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes associated with the one or more objects, one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the one or more motion paths, a date associated with the one or more motion paths, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. Clause 16: The computing system of any of clauses 10-15, wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to: obtain map data associated with the map of the geographic location; and generate a driving path including the one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway in the map based on the map data and the one or more prior probability distributions. Clause 17: The computing system of any of clauses 10-16, wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to: obtain user input associated with at least one element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location; and generate the driving path including the one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway in the map based on the map data, the one or more prior probability distributions, and the user input. Clause 18: The computing system of any of clauses 10-17, wherein the user input is associated with a first element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location and a second element of the plurality of elements of the map of the geographic location different than the first element, and wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to generate the driving path on the roadway between the first element and the second element. Clause 19: A computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: obtain sensor data associated with one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; determine one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for the one or more objects in the geographic location based on the sensor data; and generate a driving path including one or more trajectories for an autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prior probability distributions. Clause 20: The computer program product of clause 19, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location, and wherein the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. Clause 21: A computer-implemented method comprising: obtaining, with a computing system comprising one or more processors, one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; obtaining, with the computing system, sensor data associated with a detected object in an environment surrounding an autonomous vehicle; determining, with the computing system, one or more prediction scores based on the one or more prior probability distributions and the sensor data, wherein the one or more prediction scores include one or more predictions of whether the detected object is moving over at least one motion path of the one or more motion paths; and controlling, with the computer system, travel of the autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prediction scores. Clause 22: The method of clause 21, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location, wherein the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. Clause 23: The method of any of clauses 21 or 22, wherein the one or more probability values further include at least one probability associated with at least one of the following: one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes associated with the one or more objects, one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the one or more motion paths, a date associated with the one or more motion paths, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. Clause 24: The method of any of clauses 21-23, further comprising: obtaining, with the computing system, a driving path including one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway; and controlling, with the computing system, travel of the autonomous vehicle on the roadway based on the one or more trajectories of the driving path and the one or more prediction scores. Clause 25: The method of any of clauses 21-24, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified, and wherein determining the one or more prediction scores further comprises: classifying the detected object within at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the one or more predetermined object classes of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified, and the at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the detected object is classified. Clause 26: The method of any of clauses 21-25, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions include at least one prior probability associated with at least one condition parameter of the following plurality of condition parameters: one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the sensor data, a date associated with the sensor data, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof, and wherein determining the one or more prediction scores further comprises: determining, for the detected object, at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the at least one prior probability associated with the at least one condition parameter and the at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter. Clause 27: The method of any of clauses 21-26, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more traversals of the roadway by one or more vehicles before the travel of the autonomous vehicle on the roadway, and wherein the one or more objects moved external to the one or more vehicles during the one or more traversals of the roadway by the one or more vehicles. Clause 28: A computing system comprising: one or more processors programmed and/or configured to: obtain one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; obtain sensor data associated with a detected object in an environment surrounding an autonomous vehicle; determine one or more prediction scores based on the one or more prior probability distributions and the sensor data, wherein the one or more prediction scores include one or more predictions of whether the detected object is moving over at least one motion path of the one or more motion paths; and control travel of the autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prediction scores. Clause 29: The computing system of clause 28, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location, wherein the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. Clause 30: The computing system of any of clauses 28 or 29, wherein the one or more probability values further include at least one probability associated with at least one of the following: one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes associated with the one or more objects, one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the one or more motion paths, a date associated with the one or more motion paths, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. Clause 31: The computing system of any of clauses 28-30, wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to: obtain a driving path including one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway; and control travel of the autonomous vehicle on the roadway based on the one or more trajectories of the driving path and the one or more prediction scores. Clause 32: The computing system of any of clauses 28-31 wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified, and wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prediction scores by: classifying the detected object within at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the one or more predetermined object classes of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified, and the at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the detected object is classified. Clause 33: The computing system of any of clauses 28-32, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions include at least one prior probability associated with at least one condition parameter of the following plurality of condition parameters: one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the sensor data, a date associated with the sensor data, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof, and wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prediction scores by: determining, for the detected object, at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the at least one prior probability associated with the at least one condition parameter and the at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter. Clause 34: An autonomous vehicle comprising: one or more sensors for detecting objects in an environment surrounding the autonomous vehicle; a vehicle computing system comprising one or more processors, wherein the vehicle computing system is programmed and/or configured to: obtain one or more prior probability distributions of one or more motion paths for one or more objects that previously moved in a geographic location; obtain, from the one or more sensors, sensor data associated with a detected object in the environment surrounding the autonomous vehicle; determine one or more prediction scores based on the one or more prior probability distributions and the sensor data, wherein the one or more prediction scores include one or more predictions of whether the detected object is moving over at least one motion path of the one or more motion paths; and control travel of the autonomous vehicle on a roadway based on the one or more prediction scores. Clause 35: The autonomous vehicle of clause 34, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more probability values that correspond to one or more elements of a plurality of elements in a map of the geographic location, wherein the one or more probability values include one or more probabilities of the one or more objects at one or more positions in the geographic location associated with the one or more elements in the map moving over the one or more motion paths. Clause 36: The autonomous vehicle of any of clauses 34 or 35, wherein the one or more probability values further include at least one probability associated with at least one of the following: one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes associated with the one or more objects, one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the one or more motion paths, a date associated with the one or more motion paths, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof. Clause 37: The autonomous vehicle of any of clauses 34-36, wherein the vehicle computing system is further programmed and/or configured to: obtain a driving path including one or more trajectories for the autonomous vehicle on the roadway; and control travel of the autonomous vehicle on the roadway based on the one or more trajectories of the driving path and the one or more prediction scores. Clause 38: The autonomous vehicle of any of clauses 34-37, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more predetermined object classes of a plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified, and wherein the vehicle computing system is further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prediction scores by: classifying the detected object within at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the one or more predetermined object classes of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the one or more objects are classified, and the at least one predetermined object class of the plurality of predetermined object classes in which the detected object is classified. Clause 39: The autonomous vehicle of any of clauses 34-38, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions include at least one prior probability associated with at least one condition parameter of the following plurality of condition parameters: one or more velocities associated with the one or more objects, one or more acceleration and/or deceleration rates associated with the one or more objects, one or more orientations associated with the one or more objects, a time of day associated with the sensor data, a date associated with the sensor data, a geographic region of a plurality of geographic regions including the geographic location, or any combination thereof, and wherein the one or more processors are further programmed and/or configured to determine the one or more prediction scores by: determining, for the detected object, at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter, wherein the one or more prediction scores are determined based on the at least one prior probability associated with the at least one condition parameter and the at least one detected object probability associated with the at least one condition parameter. Clause 40: The autonomous vehicle of any of clauses 34-39, wherein the one or more prior probability distributions are associated with one or more traversals of the roadway by one or more vehicles before the travel of the autonomous vehicle on the roadway, and wherein the one or more objects moved external to the one or more vehicles during the one or more traversals of the roadway by the one or more vehicles.

11276178

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a U.S. National Stage Application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2019/098927, filed Aug. 1, 2019, which claims priority to Chinese patent application with the application No. 201811005060.7, filed on Aug. 30, 2018 in China, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties as part of the present disclosure. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the field of image processing, and more particularly, to a line segment detection method, apparatus, device, and a computer-readable storage medium. BACKGROUND According to the visual computing theory, recognition of an object by the human eye must first obtain its contour, when imitating the human visual to recognize a target in an image, the computer vision system must first obtain a feature map representing an edge contour of the target. A line segment is a straight line connecting two endpoints, a line segment in a digital image is composed of line segment primitives connected to each other, which have simple geometric features and good geometric resolution, thus the line segment is a way to describe the edge features of the target. For many computer vision systems, the accuracy of line segment feature extraction directly affects the success or failure of subsequent image processing steps such as object recognition, stereo matching, and target tracking. SUMMARY According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a line segment detection method, comprising: extracting image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, determining a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a line segment detection apparatus, comprising: an image feature extraction unit configured to extract image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; a seed point determination unit configured to determine a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; the region growth rule determination unit configured to determine, for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and a line segment fitting unit configured to perform line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a line segment detection device, comprising: a memory configured to store computer-readable instructions; and a processor configured to process the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory, wherein the following functions are executed when the processor processes the computer-readable instructions: extracting image features of an image to be processed, the image features including an image gradient angle and an image gradient amplitude; determining a plurality of seed points based on the extracted image features; for each seed point of the plurality of seed points, determining a current connected region of respective seed point according to a region growth rule, wherein the region growth rule needs to satisfy both a gradient amplitude growth rule and a gradient angle growth rule simultaneously; and performing line segment fitting on line segments within the current connected region of respective seed point. In the above aspects of the present disclosure, image feature extraction is performed based on an image gradient fusion method, which can better highlight edge regions, provide good feature input for subsequent algorithms, and thereby achieve the purpose of reducing line segment detection leakage. In addition, most of the seed points filtered by the threshold belong to pixels of a strong edge region, which provides a good starting point for subsequent region growth, can reduce the generation of false line segments to a certain extent, and reduce the calculation amount for growth of the connected region.

11310248

BACKGROUND With computer and Internet use forming an ever greater part of day to day life, security exploits and cyberattacks directed to stealing and destroying computer resources, data, and private information are becoming an increasing problem. Some attacks are carried out using “malware”, or malicious software. “Malware” is a general term used to refer to a variety of forms of hostile or intrusive computer programs that, e.g., disrupt computer operations or access sensitive information stored on a computer (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, rootkits, keyloggers, spyware, adware, or rogue security software). An increasing number of attacks also involve direct interaction between attackers and a target computer system, e.g., login using stolen credentials or malware-introduced backdoors. Moreover, attacks may involve concurrent activity across thousands of computers. Detecting and responding to such attacks can be very time-consuming and resource-intensive.

11388522

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/CN2018/124432, filed on Dec. 27, 2018, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201811368266.6, filed on Nov. 16, 2018, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electro-acoustic conversion device, and more specifically, to a speaker module provided with an external static electricity removal structure. BACKGROUND When an electronic device is in use, its internal components such as circuit boards, speaker housing or other parts, may generate weak current during use, and static electric charge will continue to accumulate. The static electric charge, if not discharged in time, is likely to cause damage to internal circuits or components or some fragile internal electronic parts due to high voltage generated and released when the static electric charge is accumulated to a considerable amount. The approach for removing static electricity in the prior art is essentially to weld a steel sheet outside the speaker housing and discharge the static electricity through the steel sheet, but this approach has the following problems: Firstly, during welding of the steel sheet, the housing is likely to be damaged due to high temperature and thus has an impact on appearance thereof. Secondly, it is not easy to determine welding position of the steel sheet and welding angle for the steel sheet. This may cause poor assembly accuracy and has an impact on product yield. In addition, use of welding would leave welding marks after completion of assembly, and would result in a poor overall appearance. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new technical solution to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY An objective of the present invention is to provide a new technical solution for a speaker module. According to the first aspect of the invention, a speaker module is provided, comprising a module middle housing and a static electricity removal structure; the static electricity removal structure comprises a conductive plastic member, a metal insert connected to the conductive plastic member, a conductive steel sheet and a fixing component; the module middle housing is provided with a protruding part on an outer lateral wall thereof; the metal insert and the fixing component are injection molded on the protruding part; the conductive steel sheet is connected to the metal insert with one end thereof and is connected to a first portion of an external device with the other end thereof; the conductive plastic member is fixed onto the protruding part by means of secondary injection molding; the metal insert is conductively connected to the fixing component by means of the conductive plastic member; the speaker module is disposed at a second portion of the external device by means of the fixing component. Preferably, the speaker module further comprises a module lower housing mounted on the module middle housing; the metal insert is injection molded on a surface of the protruding part close to the module lower housing and is connected to the conductive steel sheet. Preferably, the conductive steel sheet protrudes outward with a part thereof to form a cantilever structure. Preferably, the fixing member is a ring-shaped fixing washer. Preferably, the fixing washer is fixed to the second portion by a bolt. Preferably, the protruding part is of a cuboid structure, and comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged in a thickness direction, and a third surface and a fourth surface which are oppositely arranged on a side part; the metal insert is injection molded on the first surface; the fixing component is injection molded on the fourth surface; the second surface and the third surface are provided with grooves thereon for coupling the metal insert and the fixing component, and the conductive plastic member is injection molded in the grooves. Preferably, the grooves and the conductive plastic member each have a U-shaped structure as a whole. Preferably, the fixing component is located at a part of the fourth surface close to the first surface. Preferably, the protruding part is formed with a cavity inside, and the cavity is in communication with a front acoustic cavity of the speaker module According to another aspect of the invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising a housing and the speaker module according to any one of above solutions, wherein the speaker module is located in the housing and is fixed to a second portion of the housing by the fixing component; the housing is the first portion and is connected to the conductive steel sheet. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: with the conductive plastic parts installed on the protrusion part of the middle housing by secondary injection molding, the static electricity generated in the circuit boards and other parts inside the device is conducted through the fixed part, conductive plastic part, metal insert and conductive steel sheet in turn, and finally conducted to the outside of the device through the contact between the cantilever of the conductive steel sheet and the external device. This solution simplifies structure of the product and can optimize its appearance, thereby achieving the purpose of removing static electricity and improving yield of the product. In the prior art, the use of externally welded steel sheets will affect the accuracy and yield of the product. Therefore, the technical task to be achieved or the technical problem to be solved by the present invention has never been thought of or anticipated by those skilled in the art, so the present invention is a new technical solution. Other features and advantages of the invention will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings.

11270864

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present embodiments relate to a processing apparatus, and more particularly, to apparatus for improved ion extraction from a plasma. BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Known apparatuses used to treat substrates with ions include beamline ion implanters and plasma immersion ion implantation tools. These approaches are useful for implanting ions over a range of energies. In beamline ion implanters, ions are extracted from a source, mass analyzed and then transported to the substrate surface. In plasma immersion ion implantation apparatus, a substrate is located in the same chamber the plasma is generated adjacent to the plasma. The substrate is set at negative potential with respect to the plasma, and ions crossing the plasma sheath in front of the substrate may impinge on the substrate at a perpendicular incidence angle. Many of plasma assisted processing applications require zero or small on-wafer ion beam incidence angles. However, certain complex processes, such as controlled etching of trench sidewalls, hole elongation, photoresist shrinking, and magnetic random memory structures etching, in which ion beams having ion angular distributions (IADs) characterized by non-zero on-wafer mean angle of incidence, provide additional challenges. Some current approaches deliver ion beams with a tunable ion angular distribution to increase the processing throughput the ion beam current is increased by increasing the number of extraction slits. However, there are differences in angular distributions of the ion beamlets originating from different extraction slits. The discrepancy becomes more pronounced as the rf power and, implicitly, the plasma density, is decreased. It is with respect to these and other considerations, the present disclosure is provided. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE In one approach, an ion extraction system may include a plasma chamber operable to generate a plasma, and an ion extraction optics arranged along a side of the plasma chamber. The ion extraction optics may include an extraction plate including a first opening, and a first beam blocker extending over the first opening, wherein the first beam blocker includes a first inner slit defined by a first distance between a first beam blocker first edge and the extraction plate, and a first outer slit defined by a second distance between a first beam blocker second edge and the extraction plate, wherein the first beam blocker is movable to vary at least one of the first distance and the second distance. In another approach, an ion extraction optics may include an extraction plate including a first opening and a second opening, and a first beam blocker extending over the first opening and a second beam blocker extending over the second opening. Each of the first and second beam blockers may include an inner slit defined by a first distance between an inner edge and the extraction plate, and an outer slit defined by a second distance between an outer edge and the extraction plate, wherein the first and second beam blockers are movable to vary at least one of the first distance and the second distance. In yet another approach, a method may include providing an ion extraction optics arranged along a side of a plasma chamber, the ion extraction optics including an extraction plate including a first opening and a second opening, and a first beam blocker extending over the first opening and a second beam blocker extending over the second opening. Each of the first and second beam blockers may include an inner slit defined by a first distance between an inner edge and the extraction plate, and an outer slit defined by a second distance between an outer edge and the extraction plate. The method may further include varying at least one of the first distance and the second distance by moving the first and second beam blockers.

11319747

TECHNICAL FIELD The field of this disclosure relates generally to sill assemblies for doors and windows, and in particular, to such sill assemblies with water management features for diverting water away from the sill assembly in an effort to prevent water intrusion into the interior of the building or dwelling. BACKGROUND Conventional door systems, such as patio doors, typically include a sill assembly located along the lower portion of the door frame, where the sill assembly provides a transition between the exterior environment and the interior region of a building or dwelling. In some designs, sill assemblies help serve as a weather-proofing barrier for the doorway, where the sill assembly diverts water away from the door and interior of the building to avoid mildew, rot, or other water damage. Many conventional sill assembly designs can adequately handle minimal water and wind loads to minimize or restrict water intrusion. Some sill assemblies are designed with various drainage pathways to help resist water ingress from wind-driven rain and high differential pressures of the kind experienced in many coastal areas during tropical storms, typhoons, and hurricanes. However, many such designs are complex and do not provide optimal performance for extreme weather conditions. In addition, other conventional designs fail to provide proper mechanisms to promote efficient water drainage, thereby resulting in water build-up and eventual water intrusion into the house or building. Accordingly, the present inventors have identified a need for a sill assembly design incorporating a water management system to improve drainage and effectively divert water away from the sill assembly and doorway. The present inventors have also identified a need for such a sill assembly designed to restrict or fully eliminate water intrusion during severe storms that tend to bring large volumes of wind-driven rain. In addition, the present inventors have also identified a need for such a sill assembly having a streamlined design to minimize manufacturing costs and simplify installation. Additional aspects and advantages will be apparent from the following detailed description of example embodiments, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.

11274933

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This disclosure relates to approaches for automatically determining routes based on terrain analysis. BACKGROUND Under conventional approaches, information relating to terrain of a location may be presented to a user to determine potential paths within the location. Such path determination may be imprecise and may not account for all possible paths within the location. SUMMARY Various embodiments of the present disclosure may include systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media configured to determine routes within a location. Various embodiments of the present disclosure may include systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media configured to obtain location information for a location. The location information may include terrain information and/or other information for the location. One or more sets of restricted regions within the location may be determined based on the location information and/or other information. One or more sets of paths within the location may be determined based on the set(s) of restricted regions and/or other information. An interface through which information describing the set(s) of paths within the location is accessible may be provided. In some embodiments, the terrain information may define elevations of one or more terrains within the location and the set(s) of restricted regions within the location may be determined based on changes in the elevations of the terrain(s) within the location. In some embodiments, a boundary of a restricted region within the set(s) of restricted regions may trace a line of a given slope within the terrain(s). The given slope may be defined by a single value or a range of values meeting a threshold. The given slope may be determined based on a type of an entity that is expected to traverse one or more paths of the set(s) of paths. In some embodiments, the location information may further include restriction information for the location. The restriction information may define one or more restricted regions within the location. In some embodiments, the set(s) of paths may be determined based on a straight skeleton analysis of the set(s) of restricted regions within the location. In some embodiments, the set(s) of paths may be determined based on distances between one or more boundaries of the set(s) of restricted regions meeting a distance threshold. The distance threshold may be determined based on a type of an entity that is expected to traverse one or more paths of the set(s) of paths. These and other features of the systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media disclosed herein, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structure and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for purposes of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention.

11247806

JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT The subject matter disclosed was developed and the claimed invention was made by, or on behalf of, one or more parties to a joint research agreement between MP Global Products LLC of Norfolk, Nebr. and Pratt Retail Specialties, LLC of Conyers, Ga., that was in effect on or before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, and the claimed invention was made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of the joint research agreement. TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to foldable boxes. More specifically, this disclosure relates to telescoping insulated boxes. BACKGROUND Home delivery of food is becoming more common as the process becomes more efficient and costs go down. Delivery boxes may alternatively need to keep the food hot or cold enough to, for example, prevent bacterial growth, prevent melting or congealing of the food, or simply maintain the edibility, texture, and flavor of the food. Another consideration for the type of box to use is its impact on the environment, as it relates to the reusability and recyclability of the boxes. Polystyrene foam boxes are prevalent in the food-delivery industry because of their low cost, but they are not commonly recycled. Thus, they take up a disproportionate volume of landfill space. SUMMARY It is to be understood that this summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure. This summary is exemplary and not restrictive, and it is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of the disclosure nor delineate the scope thereof. The sole purpose of this summary is to explain and exemplify certain concepts off the disclosure as an introduction to the following complete and extensive detailed description. Disclosed is a telescoping insulated box assembly, comprising: an outer box, the outer box comprising a side wall and a bottom wall, the side wall and the bottom wall of the outer box each defining an insulation cavity; and an inner box, the inner box comprising a side wall and a wall forming a portion of a top side of the box assembly, each wall of the inner box defining an insulation cavity, the inner box sized to fit into the outer box such that the each of the side walls of the inner box faces one of the side walls of the outer box. Also disclosed is A method of assembling a telescoping insulated box assembly, comprising: assembling an outer box by folding an inner side panel into the outer box, the inner side panel joined to a connecting strip by a fold line, the connecting strip joined to an outer side panel by a fold line, the outer side panel, the connecting strip, and the inner side panel forming a side wall and defining an insulation cavity therebetween; assembling an inner box by folding an inner side panel of the inner box into the inner box, the inner side panel joined to a connecting strip by a fold line, the connecting strip joined to an outer side panel by a fold line, the outer side panel, the connecting strip, and the inner side panel forming a side wall and defining an insulation cavity of the inner box therebetween; and inserting the inner box into the outer box, such that an open top of the inner box is proximate a bottom of the outer box, and a bottom of the inner box forms a portion of a top side of the box assembly. Also disclosed is a telescoping insulated box assembly, comprising an outer box comprising a plurality of outer side walls, the plurality of outer side walls comprising a first outer side wall comprising a first outer side panel, a first inner side panel, a first connecting strip, and a tab, the first connecting strip joined to a top of the first outer side panel by a first fold line and a top of the first inner side panel by a second fold line, the first outer side panel, the first inner side panel, and the first connecting strip at least partially defining a first insulation cavity within the first outer side wall, the tab joined to a side of the first inner side panel by a third fold line; and a second outer side wall comprising a second outer side panel, a second inner side panel, and a second connecting strip, the second connecting strip joined to a top of the second outer side panel by a fourth fold line and a top of the second inner side panel by a fifth fold line, the second outer side panel, the second inner side panel, and the second connecting strip at least partially defining a second insulation cavity within the second outer side wall, the tab positioned between the second outer side panel and the second inner side panel; and an inner box, the inner box comprising a plurality of inner side walls and an inner wall forming a portion of a top side of the box assembly, a first inner side wall of the plurality of inner side walls defining a third insulation cavity, the inner wall defining a fourth insulation cavity, the inner box sized to fit into the outer box such that each inner side wall of the plurality of inner side walls faces a different outer side wall of the plurality of outer side walls. Also disclosed is an insulated box assembly, comprising an outer box comprising a plurality of outer side walls defining an insulated box cavity, the plurality of outer side walls comprising a first outer side wall comprising a first outer side panel, a first inner side panel, and a tab, the first outer side panel and the first inner side panel at least partially defining a first insulation cavity within the first outer side wall, the tab joined to a side of the first inner side panel by a third fold line; and a second outer side wall comprising a second outer side panel and a second inner side panel, the second outer side panel and the second inner side panel, at least partially defining a second insulation cavity within the second outer side wall, the tab positioned between the second outer side panel and the second inner side panel; and an inner box positioned within the insulated box cavity. Various implementations described in the present disclosure may include additional systems, methods, features, and advantages, which may not necessarily be expressly disclosed herein but will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. It is intended that all such systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within the present disclosure and protected by the accompanying claims.

11536936

BACKGROUND Technical Field This disclosure relates generally to camera systems, and more specifically to small form factor camera and lens systems. Description of the Related Art The advent of small, mobile multipurpose devices such as smartphones and tablet or pad devices has resulted in a need for high-resolution, small form factor cameras that are lightweight, compact, and capable of capturing high resolution, high quality images at low F-numbers for integration in the devices. However, due to limitations of conventional camera technology, conventional small cameras used in such devices tend to capture images at lower resolutions and/or with lower image quality than can be achieved with larger, higher quality cameras. Achieving higher resolution with small package size cameras generally requires use of a photosensor with small pixel size and a good, compact imaging lens system. Advances in technology have achieved reduction of the pixel size in photosensors. However, as photosensors become more compact and powerful, demand for compact imaging lens systems with improved imaging quality performance has increased. In addition, there are increasing expectations for small form factor cameras to be equipped with higher pixel count and/or larger pixel size image sensors (one or both of which may require larger image sensors) while still maintaining a module height that is compact enough to fit into portable electronic devices. Thus, a challenge from an optical system design point of view is to provide an imaging lens system that is capable of capturing high brightness, high resolution images under the physical constraints imposed by small form factor cameras. SUMMARY OF EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a folded camera that may, for example, be used in small form factor cameras. Embodiments of a folded camera are described that include two light folding elements (e.g., prisms) and an independent lens system located between the two prisms that includes an aperture stop and lens elements with refractive power mounted in a lens barrel. The prisms and lens system may collectively be referred to as an optical system. The prisms provide a “folded” optical axis for the camera, for example to reduce the Z-height of the camera. The lens system includes a lens stack including one or more refractive lens elements mounted in a lens barrel, and an aperture stop located at or in front of a first lens element in the stack. A first prism redirects light from an object field from a first axis (AX1) to the lens system on a second axis (AX2). The lens element(s) in the lens stack receive the light through the aperture stop and refract the light to a second prism that redirects the light onto a third axis (AX3) on which a photosensor of the camera is disposed. The redirected light forms an image plane at or near the surface of the photosensor. The shapes, materials, and arrangements of the refractive lens elements in the lens stack may be selected to capture high resolution, high quality images while providing a sufficiently long back focal length to accommodate the second prism. Parameters and relationships of the lenses in the lens stack, including but not limited to lens shape, thickness, geometry, position, materials, spacing, and the surface shapes of certain lens elements, may be selected at least in part to reduce, compensate, or correct for optical aberrations and lens artifacts and effects across the field of view. In some embodiments, arrangements of power distribution, lens shapes, prism form factors, and lens materials may be selected to ensure that embodiments of the lens system provide low F-number (e.g., <=2.4), 3× optical zoom, and high resolution imaging. The lens system may be configured in the camera to move on one or more axes independently of the prisms. The camera may include an actuator component configured to move the lens system on (parallel to) the second axis (AX2) relative to and independently of the prisms to provide autofocus functionality for the camera. In some embodiments, the actuator may instead or also be configured to move the lens system on one or more axes perpendicular to the second axis (AX2) relative to and independently of the prisms to provide optical image stabilization (OIS) functionality for the camera. In some embodiments, one or both of the prisms may be translated with respect to the second axis (AX2) independently of the lens system and/or tilted with respect to the second axis (AX2) independently of the lens system, for example to provide OIS functionality for the camera or to shift the image formed at an image plane at the photosensor. In some embodiments, the lens system may include a lens stack consisting of four lens elements with refractive power, in order from the object side to the image side of the camera: a first lens element with positive refractive power; a second lens element with positive refractive power; a third lens element with negative refractive power and an aspheric shape to correct chromatic aberration and field curvature; and a fourth lens element with a meniscus shape to correct field curvature and provide a low F-number. In some embodiments, the lens system may include a lens stack consisting of five lens elements with refractive power, in order from the object side to the image side of the camera: a first lens element with positive refractive power; a second lens element with positive refractive power; a third lens element with negative refractive power and an aspheric shape to correct chromatic aberration and field curvature; a fourth aspheric lens element configured as an air-space doublet with the third lens element that assists in the aberration correction provided by the third lens element; and a fifth lens element with a meniscus shape to correct field curvature and provide a low F-number. An aperture stop may be located in the lens system at the first lens element for controlling the brightness of the camera. Note that the power order, shape, or other optical characteristics of the refractive lens elements may be different in some embodiments, and some embodiments may include more or fewer refractive lens elements. In some embodiments, the folded camera may include an infrared (IR) filter to reduce or eliminate interference of environmental noise on the photosensor. The IR filter may, for example, be located between the second prism and the photosensor.

11319418

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to polyester films and to their use in food packaging operations and to the packages obtained therefrom. The invention also relates to a process for the manufacturing of such polyester films. BACKGROUND ART Polyester films are commonly used as lidding films, in particular for ovenable containers. Packaging systems comprising a rigid heat-stable container having a thin flexible thermoplastic film sealed onto it are commonly used for the packaging of so-called “ready-meals”, that is food products which only require heating to be ready for consumption. Heating can be carried out in a microwave or in a conventional oven. Due to the temperatures involved in the heating step only few materials can be used for the container, such as aluminium, polyester-coated cardboard or poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Crystalline PET (CPET) containers are especially suitable for this application. To improve the heat-sealability of these containers with the lidding films often the container comprises a layer of amorphous PET (APET) as the food contact layer. Polyester films are also commonly used as lidding films or bags for moist or respiring products like fruit, vegetables and fresh prepared foods. For example, amorphous PET (APET) containers are lidded with BOPET (biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate) films or bags made with these films. To improve the heat-sealability of the PET lidding film to the container or to itself, a heat-sealable layer of a lower melting material is usually provided on the film. The heat-sealable layer may be coextruded with the PET base layer that is extruded simultaneously through a single die, as described in EP-A-1,529,797 and WO2007/093495. Alternatively, the heat-sealable layer may be solvent- or extrusion-coated over the base layer. Heat-shrinkable polyester films comprising a solvent-based heat-sealable coating are known. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 2,762,720 discloses a PET film having a shrink of at least 10% at 100° C. in at least one direction provided with a heat-sealable coating of a vinylidene chloride copolymer. EP-A- 1,252,008 (corresponding to US2004/033382) discloses films comprising a polymer having at least 80% by weight polyethylene terephthalate and a heat-seal coating applied from a solution on at least one surface of the film selected from ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene terephthalate copolymers and their blends. Said films are heat-shrinkable in the range of 5 to 55%, preferably 10% to 30%, at 100° C. EP-A-2,178,701 discloses a polyester film comprising a polyester base film that has a shrink in each direction of less than 5% at 100° C. and of at least 5% at 150° C. and at least a heat-sealable coating on at least one surface of the polyester base film. Said film is bi-axially oriented, the orientation being carried on sequentially in the two perpendicular directions. U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,615 discloses a coextruded, transparent, biaxially oriented polyester film comprising a base layer (B) and a heat-sealable top layer (A) which is peelable with respect to at least CPET, the heat-sealable and peelable top layer (A) consisting of a) 70-97% by weight of polyester and b) 3-20% by weight of a polyester-incompatible polymer or anti-PET polymer based on the mass of the top layer (A) and c) particles. JPH10315417 describes thermoformable laminated not-oriented materials for containers (moulded articles), such as a laminated polyester sheet containing a core polyester layer and a skin layer. The Applicant has observed that, when sealed at the condition needed to get the required hermeticity, the coated films disclosed in the art do not open cleanly and show tearing when peeled off the trays. On the other end the same coated films, if sealed under milder conditions, provide for packages that are no more airtight even if easily peeled off without tearing. Nowadays thinner and thinner films are requested by the market for economic and sustainability reasons and it is just when thin films are used that their tearing more often occurs. At the same time and for the same reasons, thinning is required for the containers, which are also largely made of recycled polyester, such as rPET. The use of rPET and of thinner containers forces the packaging film manufacturers to carefully tailor the shrink properties of the lidding films. Films with a significant shrink at fairly low temperatures, such as 100° C., tend to be unsuitable in lidding applications: the high shrink at temperatures well below the heat-sealing temperature of polyester films (typically from 140° C. to 200° C.) causes an excessive shrink of the film before sealing to the container is complete, thus requiring a significant excess of film in order to successfully form a seal between the film and the rim of the container. It is therefore advantageous to use lidding polyester heat-shrinkable films that have negligible shrink at temperatures below the polyester heat-sealing temperature. The amount of shrink of the heat-shrinkable film and its shrink tension (maximum and residual values, as explained hereinafter) should in any case be such that the resulting package is not distorted. The need for controlled shrink properties, i.e. shrink and/or shrink tension, is particularly important in the case of films used in the packaging of products which are heat-treated in the package, for instance pasteurized, to avoid distortion or breakage of the package as a consequence of the heat-treatment. Furthermore, it is to be noted that an ideal packaging film should ensure good hermeticity and clean peelability and good antifog performance in order to provide packages with a satisfactory functionality in addition to an appealing appearance and that functionality should be preserved under the most common packaging and storage conditions and over time for the entire package life. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Concerning the problem of openability of packages and in particular the tearing of the lid when peeled off polyester-based trays, the Applicant surprisingly found out that an oriented polyester film having certain tear initiation force values, in particular certain tear ratios values, when coated with a specific seal coating composition is able to provide good hermeticity and peelability when applied to polyester-based or aluminium containers, with no tearing when peeled off said trays. This feature is really appreciated by packers and final consumers. Furthermore, it was found that the film of the present invention starts sealing at a very low sealing temperature. This is another appreciated feature, considering that lighter and lighter and less resistant trays are being introduced in the market. For such trays, lower sealing temperatures minimise distortion after packaging and/or heat treatment step(s). The film of the present invention gives good hermeticity, and clean peelability with no tearing when sealed onto APET, CPET and aluminium containers The films of the present invention are suitable for Ready Meals applications, i.e. when thermal treatments are involved; such films in fact could withstand pasteurization step at 98° C. for 2 h and perform well in both microwave and conventional ovens. After these harsh heat-treatments, a clean peelability is remarkably maintained. A first object of the present invention is therefore a bi-axially oriented coated polyester film comprising a polyester base film and a heat sealable coating wherein said heat sealable coating comprises one or more amorphous copolyester(s) comprising units of terephthalic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and at least a diol, and wherein the heat-sealable coating contains from 20 to 50% by weight of terephthalic acid units and from 5 to 25% by weight of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid units, said bi-axially oriented coated polyester film having a tear ratio, between the tear initiation force measured according to ASTM D-1004 and the coated film total thickness, of at least 37 gf/micron in at least one of longitudinal and transverse direction. A second object of the present invention is a process for the manufacture of a film according to the first object of the present invention. A third object of the present invention is a package comprising a container, a product and a lid made of the bi-axially oriented coated polyester film according to the first object of the present invention sealed onto said container. A fourth object of the present invention is a bag or multi-compartment tray-less package with a rigid frame made of the bi-axially oriented coated polyester film according to the first object of the present invention sealed onto itself. A fifth object of the present invention is the use of the bi-axially oriented coated polyester film according to the first object of the present invention for packaging food, preferably for cooking applications, such as ready meals, or for packaging moist or respiring products. DEFINITIONS The term “polyester” is used herein to refer to both homo-and co-polyesters, wherein homo-polyesters are defined as polymers obtained from the condensation of one dicarboxylic acid with one diol and co-polyesters are defined as polymers obtained from the condensation of one or more dicarboxylic acids with one or more diols. Suitable polyester resins are, for instance, polyesters of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, i.e. poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Preference is given to polyesters that contain ethylene units and include, based on the dicarboxylate units, at least 90 mol %, more preferably at least 95 mol %, of terephthalate units. The remaining monomer units are selected from other dicarboxylic acids or diols. Suitable other aromatic dicarboxylic acids are preferably isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5-, 2,6- or 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. Of the cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids, mention should be made of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids (in particular cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid). Of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, the (C3-C19)alkanedioic acids are particularly suitable, in particular succinic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid or pimelic acid. Suitable diols are, for example aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butane diol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,5-pentane diol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane diol, neopentyl glycol and 1,6-hexane diol, and cycloaliphatic diols such as 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and 1,4-cyclohexane diol, optionally heteroatom-containing diols having one or more rings. Co-polyester resins derived from one or more dicarboxylic acid(s) or their lower alkyl (up to 14 carbon atoms) diesters with one or more glycol(s), particularly an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic glycol may also be used as the polyester resins for the polyester base film. Suitable dicarboxylic acids include aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, or 2,5-, 2,6- or 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid or pimelic acid. Suitable glycol(s) include aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butane diol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,5-pentane diol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane diol, neopentyl glycol and 1,6-hexane diol, and cycloaliphatic diols such as 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and 1,4-cyclohexane diol. Examples of such copolyesters are (i) copolyesters of azelaic acid and terephthalic acid with an aliphatic glycol, preferably ethylene glycol; (ii) copolyesters of adipic acid and terephthalic acid with an aliphatic glycol, preferably ethylene glycol; and (iii) copolyesters of sebacic acid and terephthalic acid with an aliphatic glycol, preferably butylene glycol; (iv) co-polyesters of ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid. Suitable amorphous co-polyesters are those derived from an aliphatic diol and a cycloaliphatic diol with one or more, dicarboxylic acid(s), preferably an aromatic dicarboxylic acid. Typical amorphous co-polyesters include co-polyesters of terephthalic acid with an aliphatic diol and a cycloaliphatic diol, especially ethylene glycol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. The preferred molar ratios of the cycloaliphatic diol to the aliphatic diol are in the range from 10:90 to 60:40, preferably in the range from 20:80 to 40:60, and more preferably from 30:70 to 35:65. The phrase “polyester film” or “polyester base film” as used herein relates to films comprising at least 70%, 80%, 90% by weight of the film of one or more (co)polyesters. The phrase “ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer” as used herein, refers to heterogeneous and to homogeneous polymers such as linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) with a density usually in the range of from about 0.900 g/cm3to about 0.930 g/cm3, linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) with a density usually in the range of from about 0.930 g/cm3to about 0.945 g/cm3, and very low and ultra low density polyethylene (VLDPE and ULDPE) with a density lower than about 0.915 g/cm3, typically in the range 0.868 to 0.915 g/cm3, and such as Maleic Anhydride-Modified Ethylene/Butene Copolymer BYNEL™ resins obtainable from DuPont, metallocene-catalyzed EXACT™ and EXCEED™ homogeneous resins obtainable from Exxon, single-site AFFINITY™ resins obtainable from Dow, and TAFMER™ homogeneous ethylene- alpha-olefin copolymer resins obtainable from Mitsui. All these materials generally include co-polymers of ethylene with one or more co-monomers selected from (C4-C10)- alpha -olefin such as butene-1, hexene-1, octene-1, etc., in which the molecules of the copolymers comprise long chains with relatively few side chain branches or cross-linked structures. As used herein, the phrase “modified polymer”, as well as more specific phrases such as “modified ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer”, and “modified polyolefin” refer to such polymers having an anhydride functionality, as defined immediately above, grafted thereon and/or copolymerized therewith and/or blended therewith. Preferably, such modified polymers have the anhydride functionality grafted on or polymerized therewith, as opposed to merely blended therewith. As used herein, the term “modified” refers to a chemical derivative, e.g. one having any form of anhydride functionality, such as anhydride of maleic acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, etc., whether grafted onto a polymer, copolymerized with a polymer, or blended with one or more polymers, and is also inclusive of derivatives of such functionalities, such as acids, esters, and metal salts derived therefrom. As used herein, the phrase “anhydride-containing polymer” and “anhydride-modified polymer”, refer to one or more of the following: (1) polymers obtained by copolymerizing an anhydride-containing monomer with a second, different monomer, and (2) anhydride grafted copolymers, and (3) a mixture of a polymer and an anhydride-containing compound. As used herein, the phrase “polymers which are incompatible with polyesters (also named anti-PET polymers)”, refers to homo and copolymers based on ethylene (e.g. LLDPE, HDPE), propylene (PP), cycloolefins (CO), amides (PA) or styrene (PS) units. Suitable incompatible polymers (anti-PET) may be copolymers such as copolymers based on ethylene (C2/C3, C2/C3C4copolymers), propylene C2/C3, C2/C3C4copolymers), butylene (C2/C3, C2/C3C4copolymers) or based on cycloolefins (norbornene/ethylene, tetracyclodecene/ethylene copolymers). As used herein the term “peelable seal” refers to a seal which is strong enough to guarantee the hermeticity of the package during its life-cycle but which can be easily opened by hand with separation of the two materials that were joined by the seal, without tearing. As used therein, the term “heat-sealable coating” refers to a heat-sealable layer that has not been coextruded with the layer(s) making up the polyester base film. As used herein, the phrases “corona treatment” and “corona discharge treatment” refer to subjecting the outer surfaces of the film to a corona discharge treatment, i.e., the ionization of a gas such as air in close proximity to a film surface, the ionization initiated by a high voltage passed through a nearby electrode, and causing oxidation and other changes to the film surface, such as surface roughness. Corona treatment of polymeric materials is disclosed in e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 4,120,716. As used herein the term “polyamide” refers to high molecular weight polymers having amide linkages along the molecular chain, and refers more specifically to synthetic polyamides such as nylons. Such term encompasses both homo-polyamides and co-(or ter-) polyamides. It also specifically includes aliphatic polyamides or co-polyamides, aromatic polyamides or co-polyamides, and partially aromatic polyamides or co-polyamides, modifications thereof and blends thereof. The homo-polyamides are derived from the polymerization of a single type of monomer comprising both the chemical functions which are typical of polyamides, i.e. amino and acid groups, such monomers being typically lactams or aminoacids, or from the polycondensation of two types of polyfunctional monomers, i.e. polyamines with polybasic acids. The co-, ter-, and multi-polyamides are derived from the copolymerization of precursor monomers of at least two (three or more) different polyamides. As an example in the preparation of the co-polyamides, two different lactams may be employed, or two types of polyamines and polyacids, or a lactam on one side and a polyamine and a polyacid on the other side. Exemplary polymers are polyamide 6, polyamide 6/9, polyamide 6/10, polyamide 6/12, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 6/12, polyamide 6/66, polyamide 66/6/10, modifications thereof and blends thereof. Said term also includes crystalline or partially crystalline, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides. As used herein, the phrase “amorphous polyamide” refers to polyamides or nylons with an absence of a regular three-dimensional arrangement of molecules or subunits of molecules extending over distances, which are large relative to atomic dimensions. However, regularity of structure exists on a local scale. See, “Amorphous Polymers,” in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2nd Ed., pp. 789-842 (J. Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1985). This document has a Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number of 84-19713. In particular, the term “amorphous polyamide” refers to a material recognized by one skilled in the art of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as having no measurable melting point (less than 0.5 cal/g) or no heat of fusion as measured by DSC using ASTM 3417-83. Such nylons include those amorphous nylons prepared from condensation polymerization reactions of diamines with dicarboxylic acids. For example, an aliphatic diamine is combined with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, or an aromatic diamine is combined with an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid to give suitable amorphous nylons. As used herein, the phrases “longitudinal direction” and “machine direction”, herein abbreviated “LD” or “MD”, refer to a direction “along the length” of the film, i.e., in the direction of the film as the film is formed during coextrusion. As used herein, the phrase “transverse direction” or “crosswise direction”, herein abbreviated “TD”, refers to a direction across the film, perpendicular to the machine or longitudinal direction. As used herein, the term “extrusion” is used with reference to the process of forming continuous shapes by forcing a molten plastic material through a die, followed by cooling or chemical hardening. Immediately prior to extrusion through the die, the relatively high-viscosity polymeric material is fed into a rotating screw of variable pitch, i.e., an extruder, which forces the polymeric material through the die. As used herein, the term “coextrusion” refers to the process of extruding two or more materials through a single die with two or more orifices arranged so that the extrudates merge and weld together into a laminar structure before chilling, i.e., quenching. As used herein, the term “orientation” refers to “solid state orientation” namely to the process of stretching of the cast film carried out at a temperature higher than the Tg (glass transition temperatures) of all the resins making up the layers of the structure and lower than the temperature at which all the layers of the structure are in the molten state. The solid-state orientation may be mono-axial, transverse or, preferably, longitudinal, or, preferably, bi-axial. As used herein, the phrases “orientation ratio” and “stretching ratio” refer to the multiplication product of the extent to which the plastic film material is expanded in the two directions perpendicular to one another, i.e. the machine direction and the transverse direction. Thus, if a film has been oriented to three times its original size in the longitudinal direction (3:1) and three times its original size in the transverse direction (3:1), then the overall film has an orientation ratio of 3×3 or 9:1. As used herein, “a multi-compartment tray-less package with a rigid frame” refers to the package described in EP2765092. In the present context, Tear Initiation force has been evaluated and has the meaning according to ASTM D1004. As used herein, the phrase “respiring product(s)” refer to products such as fruits and vegetables which use up oxygen and produce water vapor, carbon dioxide and ethylene because they continue to respire after harvesting; or such as cheeses that ripen during packaging and use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide.

11451210

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority of the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-011861, filed on Jan. 26, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. FIELD A certain aspect of the present invention relates to an acoustic wave device, a filter, and a multiplexer. BACKGROUND In high frequency communication systems typified by mobile phones, high-frequency filters are used to remove unnecessary signals other than signals in the frequency band used for communication. Acoustic wave devices including surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators are used in the high-frequency filters. The surface acoustic wave resonator is an element in which grating electrodes of an Interdigital Transducer (IDT) are formed on a piezoelectric substrate. It has been known to reduce the loss by making the acoustic velocity of the surface acoustic wave excited by the grating electrodes lower than the acoustic velocity of a bulk wave propagating through the piezoelectric substrate as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-136712. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an acoustic wave device including: a Y-cut X-propagation lithium tantalate substrate having a cut angle of 5° or greater and 18° or less; and a grating electrode that is formed of one or more metal films stacked on the lithium tantalate substrate, a number of the one or more metal films being n (n is a natural number), excites an acoustic wave, and meets a condition: 0.16⁢λ≤∑i=1n⁢⁢(hi×ρ⁢⁢iρ⁢⁢0)≤0.24⁢λ where ρi represents a density of each metal film of the one or more metal films, hi represents a film thickness of the each metal film, ρ0represents a density of Mo, and λ represents a pitch. According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an acoustic wave device including: a Y-cut X-propagation lithium tantalate substrate having a cut angle of 5° or greater and 18° or less, and a grating electrode that is located on the lithium tantalate substrate, and excites an acoustic wave, a primary mode of the acoustic wave being an SH-type oscillation mode, an acoustic velocity of the acoustic wave being lower than an acoustic velocity of Rayleigh mode spurious. According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filter including the above acoustic wave device. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multiplexer including the above filter.

11341442

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure is directed to the technical field of data processing and graphical user interface generation. More particularly, disclosed embodiments are directed to performing predictive statistical analyses and generating predictive graphical user interfaces. BACKGROUND Modern health care facilities have highly skilled personnel, high-tech patient monitoring systems, employee communication systems, and in some instances, patient and equipment location tracking systems. High efficiency, however, still evades many modern facilities, and many hospitals still fail to deliver the best possible health care to their patients, and fail to operate at maximum possible capacity. There are multiple underlying reasons for inefficiencies. In some situations, hospital personnel may know that a patient needs a certain test or treatment, but the personnel may not know when the patient should receive that test or treatment or which areas of the hospital may be able to provide quicker and higher quality care, due to a lack of readily available information. As a result, caregivers and hospital personnel may arrive at inappropriate times or cause bottlenecks in certain departments by bringing too many patients at the same time. Such inefficiencies decrease the quality of care to all admitted patients, as well as preventing the hospital from discharging patients quickly to admit more new patients. While vast amounts of real-time and historical data may be available in some hospitals, existing hospitals lack the ability to display large amounts of information quickly and in a way that is easy-to-read for hospital personnel. In view of the problems facing hospitals and other health care facilities, improved systems and methods for understanding facility utilization are needed. SUMMARY Disclosed embodiments relate to computerized systems and methods for visual presentation of present and future facility utilization information. Consistent with the present embodiments, a system is disclosed. The system may include at least one processor in communication with a communications network and a storage medium. The at least one processor may be configured to execute instructions stored in the storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed, configure the at least one processor to generate a predictive graphical user interface. The at least one processor may be configured to execute the instructions to receive real-time and historical data associated with utilization of a facility; generate, based on the real-time and historical data, instructions to display a user interface depicting a first representation of utilization of the facility at a first time; receive a request to display a second representation of utilization of the facility, the request including a selection of a second time; and generate, based on the real-time and historical data, instructions to display, within the interface, a second representation of utilization of the facility, the second representation reflecting utilization at the second time, wherein the second time is a future time relative to a current time. Consistent with the present embodiments, a method for generating a predictive graphical user interface is disclosed. The method may comprise receiving, by at least one processor in communication with a communications network, real-time and historical data associated with utilization of a facility; generating, based on the real-time and historical data, instructions to display a user interface depicting a first representation of utilization of the facility at a first time; receiving a request to display a second representation of utilization of the facility, the request including a selection of a second time; and generating, based on the real-time and historical data, instructions to display, within the interface, a second representation of utilization of the facility, the second representation reflecting utilization at the second time, wherein the second time is a future time relative to a current time. Consistent with other disclosed embodiments, non-transitory computer-readable storage media may store program instructions, which are executed by one or more processors to perform any of the methods described herein. The foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the claims.

11399623

FIELD The present disclosure relates to sweepers for cleaning surfaces. In particular, gutter brooms for cleaning roads, streets, and other surfaces. BACKGROUND Sweepers can be used to remove debris and particulate matter from various surfaces. In particular, a gutter broom can be used to clean roads, streets, and other surfaces and can be mounted onto a surface cleaning vehicle to move across the surface. The gutter broom can also approach a curb or a side of a building to remove debris. The gutter broom can include a brush mount that receives bristles for sweeping. BRIEF SUMMARY One aspect provides a block segment for a gutter broom. The block segment can include an array having rows and columns of openings to receive bristles. The bristles can include first bristles having a first stiffness and second bristles having a second stiffness greater than the first stiffness. The second bristles can be positioned alternately in openings in a given row and can be radially outward of the first bristles in a given column. The opening can extend through the block segment in a thickness direction from a top surface of the block segment to a bottom surface of the block segment. The block segment can also include a wall extending transversely within the opening. The bristles can be positioned in the opening and surrounding the wall to form a U-shape around the wall such that a first side of the bristles and a second side of the bristles are positioned on opposite sides of the wall. In an aspect, the second bristles can have a second cross-sectional area greater than a first cross-sectional area of the first bristles. In an aspect, the first bristles can have a first cross-sectional area of a first geometry, the second bristles have a second cross-sectional area of a second geometry. In this aspect, the first geometry and the second geometry can be different. In an aspect, the second bristles can have a second diameter greater than a first diameter of the first bristles. In an aspect, the block segment can further include a bristle receptacle attached to the block segment. In this aspect, the bristle receptacle can include the opening in which second bristles are positioned. In an aspect, the bristle receptacle can be integral to the block segment. In an aspect, the first bristles can include a first material having a first elasticity, and the second bristles can include a second material having a second elasticity. In a further aspect, the first elasticity can be greater than the second elasticity. In a further aspect, the first elasticity and the second elasticity can be approximately equal. In an aspect, the second bristles can include at least one of an outer layer, a coating, and a rib. In an aspect, the first bristles and the second bristles can include steel. In an aspect, the opening can extend through the block segment in the thickness direction from the top surface of the block segment to the bottom surface of the block segment at an angle from an axis generally parallel to a central axis of the gutter broom. The bristles can extend outwardly from the bottom surface of the block segment at the angle. In an aspect, the first bristles can be positioned generally adjacent to the second bristles. Another aspect provides a block segment for a gutter broom. The block segment can include an array having a row and a column and bristles positioned in the array. The bristles can include first bristles having a first stiffness and second bristles having a second stiffness greater than the first stiffness. The second bristles can be positioned consecutively in the row and radially outward of the first bristles in a given column. The block segment can also include an opening arranged in the array to receive the bristles. The opening can extend through the block segment in a thickness direction from a top surface of the block segment to a bottom surface of the block segment. The block segment can also include a wall extending transversely within the opening. The bristles can be positioned in the opening and surrounding the wall to form a U-shape around the wall such that a first side of the bristles and a second side of the bristles are positioned on opposite sides of the wall. In an aspect, the block segment can further include approximately 20 to approximately 40 openings, and approximately four to approximately eight second bristles can be positioned in the openings. In a further aspect, the approximately four to approximately eight second bristles can be positioned consecutively in the row. In an aspect, the first bristles can be positioned in the remaining openings. In a further aspect, each of the second bristles can be positioned generally adjacent to at least one first bristles. In another aspect, each of the first bristles can be generally adjacent to at least one other of the first bristles. Another aspect provides a gutter broom. The gutter broom can include one or more block segments. Each block segment can include bristles. The bristles can include at least one of first bristles having a first stiffness and a first cross-sectional geometry and second bristles having a second stiffness different than the first stiffness and a second cross-sectional geometry different than the first cross-sectional geometry. The block segment can include an opening to receive bristles, the opening extending through the block segment in a thickness direction from a top surface of the block segment to a bottom surface of the block segment; and a wall extending transversely within the opening, the bristles positioned in the opening and surrounding the wall to form a U-shape around the wall such that a first side of the bristles and a second side of the bristles are positioned on opposite sides of the wall. In an aspect, the gutter broom can include approximately two to approximately five block segments. In a further aspect, at least two block segments can be different. Another aspect provides a modified block segment. The modified block segment can include a bristle receptacle to receive a bristle segment. The bristle receptacle can be internal to an outer edge of the block segment. The modified block segment can be formed during an injection mold process, for example, by placing an insert in the tooling. The insert can include a cavity to form the bristle receptacle and receive the bristle segment.

11476061

BACKGROUND The present invention relates to a switching apparatus for electric power distribution grids, such as a circuit breaker or another apparatus of similar type. As it is known, low voltage switching apparatuses are used in electric circuits or grids to allow the correct operation of specific circuit or grid sections. For instance, these apparatuses may be used to ensure the availability of a nominal current necessary for several utilities, enable the proper insertion and disconnection of electric loads and protect (especially circuit breakers) the electric grid and installed electric loads against fault events, such as overloads and short circuits. Most traditional switching apparatuses include an electro-mechanical switching unit having one or more electric poles, each comprising a pair of electric contacts adapted to be coupled or uncoupled to allow or interrupt line currents along the electric poles. Although they have proven to be very robust and reliable, second switching apparatuses show a relatively long interruption time in DC applications, mainly at relatively high voltages (between 1-1.5 kV DC). As a consequence, electric arcs, which usually strike between electric contacts under separation, may last for a relatively long time. This may cause severe wear phenomena of the electric contacts and a consequent remarkable reduction of the operating reliability and electrical endurance. In order to overcome these technical issues, they have been designed switching apparatuses (also referred to as “SSCBs”—Solid-State Circuit Breakers) including a switching unit having, for each electric pole, one or more solid-state switches, i.e. semiconductor-based transistors or thyristors adapted to operate in a conduction state or in an interdiction state to allow or interrupt a current flow. The main advantage of SSCBs consists in that they have a potentially unlimited electrical endurance due to the circumstance that breaking operations are carried out without the formation of electric arcs. Further, their interruption time is remarkably shorter in comparison with the interruption time of switching apparatuses of the electro-mechanical type. An important drawback of SSCBs consists in that they cannot generally provide galvanic insulation between the line conductors connected thereto. In fact, when a voltage is applied to the power terminals of solid-state switches (e.g. the collector and emitter terminals of an IGBT), leakage currents typically flow even if said switches are in an interdiction state. Recently, they have been developed switching apparatuses including a SSCB switching unit and an electro-mechanical switching unit electrically connected in series. These switching apparatuses (generally referred to as “hybrid switching apparatuses”) allow exploiting all the advantages provided by SSCBs in terms of reliability and reduction of the interruption time and, at the same time, they allow obtaining galvanic insulation between the line conductors connected thereto. As it is known, many hybrid switching apparatuses are of the “withdrawable” type. In this case, both the SSCB and the second switching units are movable with respect to a fixed section of the switching apparatus. In particular, each switching unit is mounted on a carriage in such a way to be reversibly movable between an insertion position and a withdrawn position with respect to the fixed section of the switching apparatus. Hybrid switching apparatuses of the withdrawable type have further advantages in terms of efficiency of use and safety. In fact, both the above-mentioned switching units may be brought in a withdrawn position for easily carrying out on-the-field tests or maintenance interventions with the switching units completely disconnected from the line conductors. However, also these switching apparatuses have some aspects to improve, particularly for what concerning the coordinated control of the SSCB switching unit and the electro-mechanical switching unit in operation. Currently adopted control strategies do not allow these switching apparatuses to operate in a completely safe way in some circumstances, for example when they cannot receive an external auxiliary power supply to feed their internal low-voltage components, e.g. electronic circuits, actuators or controllers. SUMMARY The main aim of the present invention is providing a hybrid switching apparatus of the withdrawable type, which makes it possible to overcome or mitigate the aforementioned technical issues of the state of the art. Within this aim, an object of the present invention is providing a switching apparatus, which ensures high levels of safety and efficiency in operation. Another object of the present invention is providing a switching apparatus, which can be easily controlled in operation without arranging complex and expensive control resources. Another object of the present invention is providing a switching apparatus relatively easy and cheap to manufacture at industrial level. This aim and these objects, together with other objects that will become evident from the following description and accompanying drawings, are achieved, according to the present invention, by a switching apparatus, according to claim1and the related dependent claims set out below. The switching apparatus, according to the invention, comprises:one or more first and second line terminals intended to be electrically connected to corresponding first and second line conductors of an electric line, respectively;a first switching unit having one or more first electric poles, each first electric pole comprising a first pole contact) intended to be electrically connected to a corresponding first line terminal, a second pole contact) and one or more solid-state switches electrically connected to said first and second pole contacts and adapted to operate in a conduction state or in an interdiction state to allow or interrupt a current flow.Said first switching unit is reversibly switchable between a closed condition, in which said solid-state switches are in a conduction state, and an open condition, in which said solid-state switches are in an interdiction state.Said first switching unit is reversibly movable between an insertion condition, in which said first pole contacts are coupled with said first line terminals, and a withdrawal condition, in which said first pole contacts are uncoupled from said first line terminals;a second switching unit having one or more second electric poles, each second electric pole comprising a third pole contact intended to be electrically connected to a corresponding second pole contact of the first switching unit, a fourth pole contact intended to be electrically connected to a corresponding second line terminal and electric contacts electrically connected to said third and fourth pole contacts and adapted to operate in a coupled state or on an uncoupled state to allow or interrupt a current flow.Said second switching unit is reversibly switchable between a closed condition, in which said electric contacts are in a coupled state, and an open condition, in which said electric contacts are in an uncoupled state. Said second switching unit is reversibly movable between an insertion condition, in which said fourth pole contacts are coupled with said second line terminals, and a withdrawal condition, in which said fourth pole contacts are uncoupled from said second line terminals. According to the invention, the controller of the switching apparatus is configured to control said first and second switching units, so that both said first and second switching units are in an open condition, when said power supply stage is subject to a fault condition. Preferably, said controller is configured to command said first switching unit and said second switching unit to switch to or remain in an open condition, in response to receiving sensing signals indicative of a fault condition of said power supply stage. Preferably, the switching apparatus comprises power supply sensing means adapted to provide sensing signals indicative of the operating conditions of said power supply stage (4) to said controller. According to an aspect of the invention, the controller of the switching apparatus is configured to control the operating conditions of said first and second switching units, so that said first and second switching units operate in combination according to the following operating configurations:a first operating configuration corresponding to a closed state of said switching apparatus, in which both said first and second switching units are in a closed condition; ora second operating configuration corresponding to a stand-by state of said switching apparatus, in which said first switching unit is in an open condition and said second switching unit is in a closed condition; ora third operating configuration corresponding to an open state of said switching apparatus, in which both said first and second switching units are in an open condition. Said controller is configured to control said first and second switching units, so that said first and second switching units are in said third operating configuration, when said power supply stage is subject to a fault condition. Preferably, said controller is configured to command said first switching unit and said second switching unit to switch to or remain in said third operating configuration, in response to receiving sensing signals indicative of a fault condition of said power supply stage. Preferably, when said first and second switching units operate in combination according to said first operating configuration, said controller commands said first and second switching units to switch to said second operating configuration and subsequently to switch to said third operating configuration in response to receiving sensing signals indicative of a fault condition of said power supply stage. Preferably, when said first and second switching units operate in combination according to said second operating configuration, said controller commands said first and second switching units to switch to said third operating configuration in response to receiving sensing signals indicative of a fault condition of said power supply stage. Preferably, when said first and second switching units operate in combination according to said third operating configuration, said controller commands said first and second switching units to remain in said third operating configuration in response to receiving sensing signals indicative of a fault condition of said power supply stage. According to an aspect of the invention, the switching apparatus comprises a first actuating arrangement adapted to actuate said first switching unit at least during a withdrawal manoeuvre of said first switching unit, upon activation by a user. According to an aspect of the invention, the switching apparatus comprises a second actuating arrangement (8) adapted to actuate said second switching unit at least during a withdrawal manoeuvre of said second switching unit, upon activation by a user. According to an aspect of the invention, the controller of the switching apparatus comprises an interface section including one or more input ports adapted to receive input commands indicative of a desired operating state for said switching apparatus. Preferably, the switching apparatus comprises a human-machine interface in communication with said interface section. Said human-interface is adapted to provide said input commands upon an interaction with a user. Preferably, said interface section is capable of receiving said input commands from a remote computerized device. According to an aspect of the invention, the controller of the switching apparatus is included in said first switching unit.

11299000

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of foreign priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-076547, filed on Apr. 12, 2019, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electrically powered suspension system including an electromagnetic actuator. The electromagnetic actuator is disposed between a vehicle body and a wheel and includes an electric motor that generates a driving force used for vibration damping and extension/contraction. BACKGROUND ART A conventionally well-known electrically powered suspension system includes an electromagnetic actuator that is installed between a vehicle body and a wheel, and includes an electric motor generating a driving force used for vibration damping and extension/contraction (for example, see PTL 1). The electromagnetic actuator includes a ball screw mechanism in addition to the electric motor. The electromagnetic actuator operates to generate a driving force for the vibration damping and extension/contraction by converting rotary motion of the electric motor into linear motion of the ball screw mechanism. Here, the driving force used for the vibration damping is called as a damping force. The damping force means a force directed to a different direction from a direction of a stroke speed of the electromagnetic actuator. On the other hand, the driving force used for the extension/contraction is called as an extension/contraction force. The extension/contraction force means a force generated regardless of the direction of the stroke speed. In addition, another technique is known, to protect a motor mounted on the vehicle from damage by constantly monitoring a temperature of the motor and determining the motor current is in an excessive heat generation state and then limiting the motor current if the temperature of the motor exceeds a predetermined temperature (for example, see PTL 2). CITATION LIST Patent Literature PTL 1: Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. 2010-132222 PTL 2: Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication No. 2003-019973 SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem Here, it is assumed that the electrically powered suspension system according to PTL 1 is provided with a motor protection technology according to PTL 2, to perform damping control of an electromagnetic actuator having an electric motor as a driving force source. In such a motor protection technology, the electric motor is assumed to be in an excessive heat generation state. And, a value of a drive current supplied to the electric motor is uniformly limited with a predetermined limitation threshold in order to protect the electric motor from damage. In such a case of the excessive heat generation state, the damping force generated by the electromagnetic actuator becomes weaker than in a normal state. Then, the unsprung vibration becomes not sufficiently suppressed. As a result, the behavior of the vehicle may be disturbed. Similarly, the extension/contraction force of the electromagnetic actuator is weakened in the excessive heat generation state as compared with the normal state. Then, for example, the vehicle may not be kept in a stable posture based on a skyhook control. This result in a possibility that riding comfort of the vehicle may be impaired. The present invention is made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrically powered suspension system capable of performing vibration control of a vehicle without disturbing a behavior of the vehicle and without impairing the riding comfort of the vehicle as much as possible even when the electric motor provided in the electromagnetic actuator is in an excessive heat generation state. Solution to Problem In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an electrically powered suspension system comprising: an electromagnetic actuator disposed between a vehicle body and a wheel and including an electric motor generating a driving force used for vibration damping and for extension/contraction; a damping force calculator calculating a target damping force that is a target value of the vibration damping used for the electromagnetic actuator; an extension/contraction force calculator calculating a target extension/contraction force that is a target value of the extension/contraction of the electromagnetic actuator; a drive controller that performs drive control of the electric motor using a target driving force based on the damping force calculated by the damping force calculator and the target extension/contraction force calculated by the extension/contraction force calculator, wherein the drive controller performs a drive control to limit a drive current for the electric motor so that a current correlation value correlated with the drive current for the electric motor does not exceed a predetermined current limitation threshold; and the current limitation threshold includes a damping current limitation threshold for acquiring a target driving force based on the target damping force and an extension/contraction current limitation threshold for acquiring a target driving force based on the target extension/contraction force; and the damping current limitation threshold and the extension/contraction current limitation threshold may be set separately. Advantageous Effects of Invention The present invention allows an electrically powered suspension system to perform vibration control of a vehicle without disturbing a behavior of the vehicle and without impairing riding comfort of the vehicle as much as possible even when the electric motor provided in the electromagnetic actuator is in an excessive heat generation state.

11346955

This application is a national stage application of PCT application PCT/EP2018/063347 to Gunther et al., filed May 22, 2018, which claims priority to DE application 10-2017-111091.7 filed on May 22, 2017, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND The present patent application claims priority to the German patent application 10 2017 111 091.7 of 22 May 2017, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into the present patent application. The invention relates to a satellite system for navigation and/or geodesy. Current satellite navigation systems transmit signals in the radio frequency range (L band). The frequency of the signals is derived from an atomic clock. The orbit of the satellites and the deposition of the clocks are determined by ground measurements. These systems are also used for geodesy. In addition, some specific mission have been launched for geodesy, such as GRACE, GOCE and LAGEOS. The current satellite navigation systems have some disadvantages. For example, the current navigation systems are quite strongly depending on a complex ground infrastructure. Due to the one-way-measurement in current satellite navigation systems, it is quite hard to separate time, height and troposphere delay. It is particularly difficult to determine the orbital component in flight direction. Even though the known systems are also used for geodesy, they were not configured for this purpose. Plag, H P., Pearlman, M: The Global Geodetic Observing System: Meeting the Requirements of a Global Society on a Changing Planet in 2020, The Reference Document (V0.18), The Global Geodetic Observing System of the International Association of Geodesy IAG/GGOS, GGOS 2020 Web Page, 20 Mar. 2008, http://www.iag-ggos.org/sci/ggos2020/versions/GGOS2020_REF_DOC_V0.18.pdf describes the concept for a Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) (see page 8, left column, paragraph 2). It consists of five observation planes (see page 144, FIG. 70), with plane 1 of the ground station, plane 2 of the LEO satellite, plane 3 of the MEO/GEO satellite, plane 4 of the planets and plane 5 of the quasars. The planes 1 to 3 correspond to the claimed system in claim 1 of the application. For the GGOS concept, it is proposed to use the latest technology, e.g. optical transmission between the satellites and high-precision optical clocks in the satellites (see page 151, left column, paragraph 1). Gill, P., Margolis H. S., et al.: Optical Atomic Clocks for Space. Technical Supporting Document, National Physical Laboratory, UK, November 2008, http://www.npl.co.uk/upload/pdf/atomic_clocks_space.pdf describes technical possibilities for optical clocks for space applications. Here, the usage of optical clocks and the communication between the satellites by means of optical transmission is also proposed (see page 25, page 73, chapter 3.5.1.3, page 74, chapter 3.5.1.4). US-A-2016/0065308 discloses a satellite communication system for optical broadband free-space communication. The system includes an exemplary MEO satellite constellation with eight satellites (see FIG. 1) forming a coherent coverage of a band of the Earth (i.e. common orbit). Each satellite of the MEO satellite constellation is optically connected to the nearest neighbors, both orbiting ahead and behind (see FIG. 1, paragraph 20). The satellites of this MEO constellation are connected to ground stations (see FIG. 1, paragraph 23). Combinations of LEO satellites and MEO satellites are also proposed for this satellite communication system (see paragraph 27). SUMMARY The object of the invention is to provide a satellite navigation system that is improved with regard to various aspects and that is also adapted to be used in geodesy. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a satellite system for navigation and geodesy, wherein the satellite system is provided witha plurality of MEO satellites (in a height of 10,000 km to 30,000 km), each comprising a dedicated clock, which are arranged in a distributed manner on orbital planes and orbit the Earth, wherein a plurality of MEO satellites, particularly eight, are located in each orbital plane, anda plurality of LEO satellites and/or a plurality of ground stations,wherein each MEO satellite comprises two optical terminals for bidirectional transmission of optical free-beam signals by means of lasers with the respectively first and/or second MEO satellite orbiting ahead in the same orbital plane and with the first and/or second MEO satellite orbiting behind, andwherein, by means of the optical free-beam signals, the clocks of the MEO satellites are synchronized with each other for each orbital plane at an orbital plane time applicable to this orbital plane.

11458959

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a parking assist system configured to move a vehicle autonomously and park the vehicle. BACKGROUND ART There is a known vehicle control device that automatically controls a vehicle in accordance with a driver's instruction so as to execute automatic parking assistance to place the vehicle at a target parking position (for example, JP2019-43174A). This vehicle control device suspends the automatic parking assistance when a prescribed suspension condition (for example, an appearance of a new obstacle) that requires suspension of the automatic parking assistance is satisfied. Thereafter, the vehicle control device presents an occupant with an executable next operation, such as the resumption of the automatic parking assistance, to an occupant. In a parking assist system configured to move a vehicle autonomously and park the vehicle, it is preferable that the deceleration of the vehicle during autonomous traveling be limited to a prescribed threshold or less from the viewpoint of comfort. However, if the deceleration of the vehicle is always limited to the threshold or less, the vehicle may not be quickly decelerated when it is not appropriate to continue an autonomous parking operation of the vehicle (for example, when a new obstacle appears). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of such a problem of the prior art, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a parking assist system that is configured to move a vehicle autonomously and park the vehicle and can decelerate the vehicle quickly when it is not appropriate to continue an autonomous parking operation of the vehicle. To achieve such an object, one embodiment of the present invention provides a parking assist system (1), including a control device (15) configured to control an autonomous parking operation to move a vehicle autonomously to a prescribed target parking position; and a vehicle state detecting device (12,13) configured to detect a state of the vehicle, wherein during control of the parking operation, when the control device determines that the state of the vehicle detected by the vehicle state detecting device is a prohibition state in which the parking operation should be prohibited, the control device executes a prohibition deceleration process to decelerate the vehicle so as to stop the vehicle, and the control device is configured to set an upper limit on deceleration of the vehicle in the prohibition deceleration process to be larger than an upper limit on deceleration of the vehicle in a stop operation to stop the vehicle at the target parking position. According to this arrangement, when the vehicle is in the prohibition state in which the autonomous parking operation should be prohibited, the vehicle is decelerated by the prohibition deceleration process. The upper limit on the deceleration of the vehicle at this time is set to be larger than the upper limit on the deceleration of the vehicle in the stop operation to stop the vehicle at the target parking position. Accordingly, when the autonomous parking operation of the vehicle should be prohibited, the vehicle can be decelerated more quickly. Preferably, the control device is configured to set an upper limit on a change rate of the deceleration of the vehicle in the prohibition deceleration process to be larger than an upper limit on a change rate of the deceleration of the vehicle in the stop operation to stop the vehicle at the target parking position. According to this arrangement, the upper limit on the change rate of the deceleration of the vehicle in the prohibition state is set to be larger than the upper limit on the change rate of the deceleration of the vehicle in the stop operation to stop the vehicle at the target parking position (namely, the upper limit set in consideration of comfort). Accordingly, when the autonomous parking operation of the vehicle should be prohibited, the vehicle can be decelerated more quickly. Preferably, the control device is configured to set the upper limit on the deceleration of the vehicle in the prohibition deceleration process to be larger than an upper limit on deceleration of the vehicle in a switching operation for switching a travel direction of the vehicle during the parking operation. According to this arrangement, the upper limit on the deceleration of the vehicle in the prohibition state is set to be larger than the upper limit on the deceleration of the vehicle in the switching operation during the autonomous parking operation (namely, the upper limit set in consideration of comfort). Accordingly, when the autonomous parking operation of the vehicle should be prohibited, the vehicle can be decelerated more quickly. Preferably, the parking assist system further includes an external environment information acquisition device (7) configured to acquire surrounding information of the vehicle, wherein during the control of the parking operation, when the external environment information acquisition device detects an obstacle in a travel direction of the vehicle, the control device executes an urgent deceleration process to stop the vehicle, and the control device is configured to set an upper limit on deceleration of the vehicle in the urgent deceleration process to be larger than the upper limit on the deceleration of the vehicle in the prohibition deceleration process. According to this arrangement, the upper limit on the deceleration of the vehicle when the obstacle is detected in the travel direction during the autonomous parking operation is set to be larger than the upper limit on the deceleration of the vehicle in the prohibition state and the upper limit on the deceleration of the vehicle in the stop operation to stop the vehicle at the target parking position. Accordingly, when the obstacle is detected in the travel direction and there is a possibility of a collision with the obstacle, the vehicle can be decelerated quickly at the deceleration greater than the deceleration in the prohibition deceleration process (namely, the deceleration set in consideration of safety). Preferably, the control device is configured to set an upper limit on a change rate of the deceleration of the vehicle in the urgent deceleration process to be larger than an upper limit on a change rate of the deceleration of the vehicle in the prohibition deceleration process. According to this arrangement, the upper limit on the change rate of the deceleration of the vehicle when the obstacle is detected in the travel direction during the autonomous parking operation is set to be larger than the upper limit on the change rate of the deceleration of the vehicle in the prohibition state and the upper limit on the change rate of the deceleration of the vehicle in the stop operation to stop the vehicle at the target parking position. Accordingly, when the obstacle is detected in the travel direction and there is a possibility of a collision with the obstacle, the vehicle can be decelerated quickly at the deceleration greater than the deceleration in the prohibition deceleration process (namely, the deceleration set in consideration of safety). Preferably, during the control of the parking operation, when the control device determines that the vehicle is in a state where a door is opened or a seat belt is released based on a detection result of the vehicle state detecting device, the control device stops the vehicle by executing the prohibition deceleration process, and thereafter, the control device allows the parking operation to resume when the control device determines that the vehicle is in a state where the door is closed and the seat belt is fastened based on the detection result of the vehicle state detecting device. According to this arrangement, when the occupant releases the seat belt or opens the door, the vehicle is stopped. This enhances safety of the vehicle during the autonomous parking operation. Thereafter, when the seat belt is fastened and the door is closed, the autonomous parking operation is resumed, so that the vehicle can be more convenient. Preferably, during the control of the parking operation, when the control device determines that the vehicle is in a state where a door is opened and a seat belt is released based on a detection result of the vehicle state detecting device, the control device cancels the parking operation. The action to release the seat belt and open the door can be regarded as the occupant's intention to cancel the autonomous parking operation. According to the above arrangement, the autonomous parking operation is canceled when the seat belt is released and the door is opened, so that it is possible to realize the autonomous parking operation which corresponds to the occupant's intention and is more convenient. Preferably, the parking assist system further includes: an input/output device (14) configured to present information to an occupant and to receive an input by the occupant; and a brake input member (24) configured to receive a brake operation of the vehicle by the occupant, wherein after the control device stops the vehicle by executing the prohibition deceleration process, the input/output device receives the input as to whether to resume the parking operation when the brake operation on the brake input member is detected. According to this arrangement, after the vehicle is stopped, when the brake operation on the brake input member is detected, the input/output device receives the input as to whether to resume the autonomous parking operation. That is, on condition that the brake operation on the brake input member is performed, the selection operation to resume the autonomous parking operation becomes possible. Accordingly, the occupant can resume the autonomous parking operation after checking the surroundings and taking a posture to stop the vehicle appropriately. Thus, according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a parking assist system that is configured to move a vehicle autonomously and park the vehicle and can decelerate the vehicle quickly when it is not appropriate to continue an autonomous parking operation of the vehicle.

11378735

BACKGROUND The present application relates to multi-core fibers. Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2008-58662 discloses a single-core fiber (SCF) capable of providing single mode propagation of light having a wavelength of 1100 nm. Furthermore, International Publication Pamphlet No. WO 2008/026737 discloses a technique for forming an optical fiber into a ribbon, for the purpose of space saving storage of the optical fiber in a device, the optical fiber having been decreased in diameter. Various types of optical fibers have been developed to be adapted to the recent increasing volume of communication, and multi-core fibers (MCFs) are receiving a lot of attention among them. SUMMARY According to an embodiment, A multi-core fiber includes: plural cores made of silica-based glass; and a cladding enclosing the plural cores and made of silica-based glass, the cladding having a refractive index lower than a maximum refractive index of the plural cores. Further, the multi-core fiber has a mode field diameter of 5.0 μm or larger at a wavelength of 1100 nm, the multi-core fiber provides single-mode propagation at the wavelength of 1100 nm, the multi-core fiber has a bending loss of 1 dB/turn or less at the wavelength of 1100 nm when the multi-core fiber is bent at a radius of 2 mm, and the multi-core fiber has a crosstalk between cores of −30 dB/km or less.

11527043

BACKGROUND A virtual reality (VR) environment enables a user to experience an immersive virtual world using a VR head-mounted display device (HMDD) that renders high-resolution VR content. The VR environment may be generated by a network computing device and streamed to a user's HMDD, or may be generated by a client computing device of the user based on downloaded VR content. While multiple VR participants may be active within the VR environment at a given time, conventional techniques for allowing a spectator (i.e., a user who is not a VR participant within the VR environment) to view the VR environment may be limited to a viewpoint of a single VR participant, and further may rely on bandwidth-intensive streaming of the VR environment to the spectator. SUMMARY The embodiments disclosed herein provide selectable virtual reality (VR) viewpoints within a VR experience to allow a spectator to select from among multiple VR viewpoints (e.g., VR participant viewpoints and/or predefined non-participant viewpoints, as non-limiting examples), and to generate a VR environment locally using a low-bandwidth pose data stream for the selected viewpoint. In one embodiment, a method for providing selectable VR viewpoints within a VR environment is provided. The method includes providing, by a network computing device, downloadable VR content defining a VR environment comprising a plurality of viewpoints. The method further includes receiving, by the network computing device, a viewpoint selection indication from a client computing device, the viewpoint selection indication corresponding to a selected viewpoint of the plurality of viewpoints. The method also includes transmitting, to the client computing device, a pose data stream comprising pose data corresponding to the selected viewpoint. In another embodiment, a computer system for providing selectable VR viewpoints within a VR environment is provided. The computer system includes a network computing device that comprises a first memory and a first processor device coupled to the first memory. The first processor device is configured to provide downloadable VR content defining a VR environment comprising a plurality of viewpoints. The first processor device is further configured to receive a viewpoint selection indication from a client computing device, the viewpoint selection indication corresponding to a selected viewpoint of the plurality of viewpoints. The first processor device is also configured to transmit, to the client computing device, a pose data stream comprising pose data corresponding to the selected viewpoint. In another embodiment, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product is stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium and includes computer-executable instructions configured to cause a processor device to provide downloadable VR content defining a VR environment comprising a plurality of viewpoints. The computer-executable instructions are further configured to cause the processor device to receive a viewpoint selection indication from a client computing device, the viewpoint selection indication corresponding to a selected viewpoint of the plurality of viewpoints. The computer-executable instructions are also configured to cause the processor device to transmit, to the client computing device, a pose data stream comprising pose data corresponding to the selected viewpoint. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description of the embodiments in association with the accompanying drawing figures.

11421576

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an exhaust-gas system for an internal combustion engine of a single-track vehicle. A device for reducing pollution components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is known from the field of automotive engineering, for example from the German laid-open application DE 3 821 345 A1. The internal combustion engine has, in its exhaust tract, a catalytic converter and two oxygen probes (lambda probes). The first probe is arranged upstream of the catalytic converter, and the second is arranged in the catalytic converter. The arrangement of these two probes permits a high closed-loop control frequency, taking into consideration the catalytic converter state and ruling out hydrogen cross-sensitivity. In the catalytic converter positioned downstream of the second probe, the still incompletely converted exhaust gases detected by said probe are converted completely. For the diagnosis of an exhaust-gas catalytic converter and/or of an exhaust-gas sensor of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine, a method for this is known from the German laid-open application DE 10 2010 050 055 A1. For this, the exhaust-gas system has two oxygen sensors upstream of the catalytic converter and one further oxygen sensor downstream of the catalytic converter, the signals of which oxygen sensors are evaluated by a control unit. With regard to the further technical field, reference is made to the German laid-open application DE 195 41 903 A1. This laid-open application discloses a monitoring system for the purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, wherein two lambda probes are provided, one of which is arranged upstream and the other, heatable one of which is arranged downstream of the catalytic converter. Proceeding from a cold start of the internal combustion engine substantially until the catalytic converter light-off temperature is attained, the downstream probe is not heated but rather is used for determining the exhaust-gas temperature, wherein the attainment of a minimum temperature within a certain time period is checked. These known exhaust-gas purification devices are however provided exclusively for motor vehicles, and cannot be readily transferred to a single-track vehicle such as for example a motorcycle, a moped, a moped with kick starter, or a motor-assisted bicycle. To ensure low-omission operation of a motorcycle with an internal combustion engine, it is necessary for the exhaust gas that is produced by the internal combustion engine to be purified by way of an exhaust-gas purification system, such as for example a catalytic converter. To make this efficient, particular values of the exhaust gas are therefore measured, upstream of the catalytic converter, by use of a so-called lambda probe (oxygen probe). Here, however, no validation of the quality of the exhaust-gas purification is performed. Furthermore, this prior art which is known for single-track vehicles falls far short of being sufficient for future exhaust-gas standards, such as for example the EU 5 standard for single-track vehicles. It has disadvantageously been the case until now that no validation of the quality of the exhaust-gas purification for single-track vehicles has been known or possible. These therefore also do not satisfy future exhaust-gas standards such as for example the EU 5 standard. It is an object of the present invention to provide a measure for avoiding the above-stated disadvantages for single-track vehicles. This and other objects are achieved by an exhaust-gas system for an internal combustion engine of a single-track vehicle, wherein the exhaust-gas system is arrangeable at an exhaust-gas outlet of a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, and wherein a first lambda probe situated close to the cylinder head is provided in the exhaust-gas system. The first lambda probe is arranged upstream of an exhaust-gas purification system in relation to a flow direction of an exhaust gas. A second lambda probe is provided in the exhaust-gas system downstream of the exhaust gas purification system in relation to the flow direction of the exhaust gas. The second lambda probe is arranged in the exhaust-gas system so as to be at a distance from the exhaust gas purification system of at most four times the diameter of the exhaust-gas purification system. It is an aim of the invention to further reduce the harmful emissions of internal combustion engines for single-track vehicles, such as for example motorcycles. Here, according to the invention, the quality of the exhaust gas purification is checked during operation. This is realized by an ideal positioning of two lambda probes in the exhaust-gas stream of the internal combustion engine. The flow patterns of the exhaust gas that emerges directly from the internal combustion engine are, inter alia owing to the geometry of the exhaust-gas system, relatively complex, and exhibit greater inhomogeneity with increasing flow length. Here, it is advantageous for the first lambda probe to be positioned as close as possible to the outlet of the internal combustion engine (close to the cylinder head). This spacing should correspond at most to ten times the diameter of the outlet opening in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine. According to the invention, for the checking of the quality of the exhaust-gas purification, the second lambda probe, also referred to as a monitor probe, is positioned downstream of the catalytic converter, which second lambda probe measures the purified exhaust gas stream. Here, according to the invention, the spacing between the second lambda probe and the catalytic converter should correspond at most to four times the catalytic converter diameter. This permits considerably improved structural space utilization within the non-visible region of the single-track vehicle. In particular, it is the intention for the system to be used even in exhaust-gas which uses a muffler, in particular a premuffler. Here, the premuffler may be positioned between the internal combustion engine and its swinging fork. This applies in particular to downpipes and exhaust-gas system components that are flowed through vertically, such as for example catalytic converters and mufflers between the rear wheel and swinging fork of the single-track vehicle. The embodiment according to the invention leads to an improved exhaust-gas measurement and therefore to more environmentally compatible operation of the single-track vehicle. Furthermore, it is advantageously the case that future exhaust-gas standards are satisfied, with simultaneous utilization of existing structural space in the non-visible region of the single-track vehicle. This leads to considerably improved packaging compatibility. Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of one or more preferred embodiments when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.

11238331

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The subject matter disclosed herein relates to the field of neural networks and more particularly relates to a system and method for augmenting an existing artificial neural network (ANN) with an additional layer incorporating a supplemental ANN. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. Such systems learn, i.e. progressively improve performance, to do tasks by considering examples, generally without task-specific programming. For example, in image recognition, they might learn to identify images that contain cats by analyzing example images that have been manually labeled as “cat” or “not cat” and using the analytic results to identify cats in other images. They have found most use in applications difficult to express in a traditional computer algorithm using rule-based programming. An ANN is based on a collection of connected units called artificial neurons, analogous to axons in a biological brain. Each connection or synapse between neurons can transmit a signal to another neuron. The receiving or postsynaptic neuron can process the signals and then signal downstream neurons connected to it. Neurons may have a state, generally represented by real numbers, typically between 0 and 1. Neurons and synapses may also have a weight that varies as learning proceeds, which can increase or decrease the strength of the signal that it sends downstream. Further, they may have a threshold such that only if the aggregate signal is below or above that level is the downstream signal sent. Typically, neurons are organized in layers. Different layers may perform different kinds of transformations on their inputs. Signals travel from the first, i.e. input, to the last, i.e. output, layer, possibly after traversing the layers multiple times. The original goal of the neural network approach was to solve problems in the same way that a human brain would. Over time, attention focused on matching specific mental abilities, leading to deviations from biology such as backpropagation, or passing information in the reverse direction and adjusting the network to reflect that information. The components of an artificial neural network include (1) neurons having an activation threshold; (2) connections and weights for transferring the output of a neuron; (3) a propagation function to compute the input to a neuron from the output of predecessor neurons; and (4) a learning rule which is an algorithm that modifies the parameters of the neural network in order for a given input to produce a desired outcome which typically amounts to modifying the weights and thresholds. Given a specific task to solve, and a class of functions F, learning entails using a set of observations to find the function that which solves the task in some optimal sense. A cost function C is defined such that, for the optimal solution no other solution has a cost less than the cost of the optimal solution). The cost function C is a measure of how far away a particular solution is from an optimal solution to the problem to be solved. Learning algorithms search through the solution space to find a function that has the smallest possible cost. A neural network can be trained using backpropagation which is a method to calculate the gradient of the loss function with respect to the weights in an ANN. The weight updates of backpropagation can be done via well-known stochastic gradient descent techniques. Note that the choice of the cost function depends on factors such as the learning type (e.g., supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement) and the activation function. There are three major learning paradigms and each corresponds to a particular learning task: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Supervised learning uses a set of example pairs and the goal is to find a function in the allowed class of functions that matches the examples. A commonly used cost is the mean-squared error, which tries to minimize the average squared error between the network's output and the target value over all example pairs. Minimizing this cost using gradient descent for the class of neural networks called multilayer perceptrons (MLP), produces the backpropagation algorithm for training neural networks. Examples of supervised learning include pattern recognition, i.e. classification, and regression, i.e. function approximation. In unsupervised learning, some data is given and the cost function to be minimized can be any function of the data and the network's output. The cost function is dependent on the task (i.e. the model domain) and any a priori assumptions (i.e. the implicit properties of the model, its parameters, and the observed variables). Tasks that fall within the paradigm of unsupervised learning are in general estimation problems; the applications include clustering, the estimation of statistical distributions, compression, and filtering. In reinforcement learning, data is usually not provided, but generated by an agent's interactions with the environment. At each point in time, the agent performs an action and the environment generates an observation and an instantaneous cost according to some typically unknown dynamics. The aim is to discover a policy for selecting actions that minimizes some measure of a long-term cost, e.g., the expected cumulative cost. The environment's dynamics and the long-term cost for each policy are usually unknown, but can be estimated. Today, a common application for neural networks is in the analysis of video streams, i.e. machine vision. Examples include industrial factories where machine vision is used on the assembly line in the manufacture of goods, autonomous vehicles where machine vision is used to detect objects in the path of and surrounding the vehicle, etc. A typical video stream, however, carries a great deal of entropy (i.e. information redundancy) owing to the inherent dependency across consecutive frames and the massive amount of redundant information. This characteristic of video data is well exploited by a variety of well-known algorithms, especially data compression algorithms such as H.264 compression in the MPEG-4 standard. In addition, existing ANNs typically operate on static images, e.g., frame by frame in the context of a video feed, in a manner that is inexpensive in both computation hardware and memory requirements. These systems, however, do not take history into account in computing the current output of the network. Thus, redundant data in consecutive frames is not exploited. There is thus a need for an ANN that exploits the historical information naturally present in the input data, e.g., video stream. In addition, there is a need for a mechanism that can augment an existing ANN to take advantage of the historical information in the input feed without requiring any changes to the existing ANN or it's training set. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a system and method of augmenting an existing artificial neural network (ANN) with an additional layer incorporating a supplemental (ANN). The supplemental ANN is configured to take advantage of the redundant information present in many types of input data. For example, consecutive video frames in an input video stream do not change that much from one frame to the next. The supplemental ANN takes advantage of this fact to analyze current data generated by the existing ANN as well as historical data generated by the supplemental ANN in computing an output for the system as a whole. The invention leverages the information that lies in a video by accounting for the overall context and the time-domain information, using artificial neural networks while avoiding the need for training a frame-by-frame model. This is achieved by adding a first-in first-out (FIFO) stack that holds the history of insights retrieved from a properly trained ANN that operates frame-by-frame and by applying an identity mapping ANN whose inputs are the information history records. Both causal as well as lookahead embodiments are provided. The causal embodiment uses previous output of the supplemental ANN thus establishing a causal system. The lookahead embodiment uses both ‘future’ output of the existing ANN as well as past output of the supplemental ANN in making a decision for the current input. ‘Future’ output of the existing ANN is generated by storing past output values of the existing ANN. This lookahead feature intentionally introduces latency into the final output of the system but for systems that are not sensitive to latency, this provides a more robust output than causal systems. This, additional, and/or other aspects and/or advantages of the embodiments of the present invention are set forth in the detailed description which follows; possibly inferable from the detailed description; and/or learnable by practice of the embodiments of the present invention. There is thus provided in accordance with the invention, an apparatus for augmenting an existing artificial neural network (ANN), comprising a supplemental artificial neural network coupled to a first output of the existing ANN, the supplemental ANN operative to generate a second output therefrom, a plurality of shift registers operative to receive the second output from the supplemental ANN and to generate a plurality of historical values of the second output therefrom, and wherein the supplemental ANN is configured to receive as input the first output of the existing ANN and the plurality of historical values of the second output. There is also provided in accordance with the invention, a method of augmenting an existing artificial neural network (ANN), comprising providing a supplemental artificial neural network coupled to a first output of the existing ANN, generating a second output from the supplemental ANN, generating a plurality of historical values of the second output of the supplemental ANN, and wherein the supplemental ANN is configured to receive as input the first output of the existing ANN and the plurality of historical values of the second output. There is further provided in accordance with the invention, an apparatus for augmenting an existing artificial neural network (ANN), comprising a supplemental artificial neural network coupled to a first output of the existing ANN, the supplemental ANN operative to generate a second output therefrom, a first plurality of shift registers operative to receive a first output of the existing ANN and to generate a first plurality of historical values thereof, a second plurality of shift registers operative to receive the second output from the supplemental ANN and to generate a second plurality of historical values of the second output therefrom, and wherein the supplemental ANN is configured to receive as input the first output of the existing ANN, the first plurality of historical values of the first output, and the second plurality of historical values of the second output. There is also provided in accordance with the invention, a method of augmenting an existing artificial neural network (ANN), comprising providing a supplemental artificial neural network coupled to a first output of the existing ANN, generating a second output from the supplemental ANN, generating a first plurality of historical values of the first output of the existing ANN, generating a second plurality of historical values of the second output of the supplemental ANN, and wherein the supplemental ANN is configured to receive as input the first output of the existing ANN, the first plurality of historical values of the first output, and the second plurality of historical values of the second output. There is further provided in accordance with the invention, a method for use with an existing artificial neural network (ANN), comprising augmenting the existing ANN with an additional layer that includes a supplemental ANN, generating a plurality of historical values of an output of the supplemental ANN, and utilizing the historical values along with an output of the existing ANN to generate the supplemental ANN output. There is also provided in accordance with the invention, a method for use with an existing artificial neural network (ANN), comprising augmenting the existing ANN with an additional layer that includes a supplemental ANN, generating a first set of historical values of an output of the existing ANN to provide a delayed version of the output of the existing ANN thereby creating future values of the output of the existing ANN, generating a second set of historical values of an output of the supplemental ANN thereby creating past values of the output of the supplemental ANN, and utilizing the past values of the output of the supplemental ANN and the future values of the output of the existing ANN to generate the supplemental ANN output.

11367131

NOTICE OF MATERIAL SUBJECT TO COPYRIGHT PROTECTION Portions of the material in this patent document are subject to copyright protection under the copyright laws of the United States and of other countries. The owner of the copyright rights has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office publicly available file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. The copyright owner does not hereby waive any of its rights to have this patent document maintained in secrecy, including without limitation its rights pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 1.14. BACKGROUND Technical Field Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to integrating computer systems and, more particularly, to systems and processes of integrating websites. Discussion The internet provides a platform for a wide variety of organizations to interact with individuals around the globe. For example, Internet Retailers (IRs) provide online shopping websites allowing consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet. The IR websites can include product listings, including product descriptions and price and may further include other functions such as shopping cart functions and checkout functions. Shopping cart functions allow the consumer to temporarily save one or more products and to adjust quantities for purchase. Checkout functions provide methods of collecting payment and delivery information from the consumer. Some organizations maintain websites that provide general informational about the organization to members of the public. Corporate websites may include a summary of company operations, history, and mission statement, as well as a “news” or “press” section containing press releases and news articles about the company. Investor pages may also be included with the annual report, business plan, current stock price, financial statements, overview of the company structure, SEC filing or other regulatory filings. The corporate website may also include a list of the company's products and services. An employment section may also be included listing open positions and describing procedures for applying to jobs. Contact information may be provided allowing visitors to submit questions and messages. Websites such as those described above may include hyperlinks to other websites. These hyperlinks enable a browser interested in the content of the other website to quickly and conveniently navigate to it. Local webpages within these websites may also embed remote webpages from other websites to display content from the other websites in conjunction with content provided by the local webpages. However, even with these tools in hand, integrating these websites with one another is not a simple task. SUMMARY Some aspects disclosed herein provide systems and methods of providing integration services into existing websites without modifying the structure of the website. The integration services may integrate content, including both executable and non-executable content, and work seamlessly with the content presented by website providers to adapt the content provided on the websites to various users. In one implementation, the website provider includes an IR. The integration system monitors the IR's website and converts the IR's content to specific needs of the consumer. In one example, if the user is an international consumer shopping on a website standardized for a domestic consumer, the integration system converts the domestic website into a website matched to the needs of the international consumer. For example, the integration system converts product listings including domestic pricing into product listings having localized pricing. The integration system is further configured to convert domestic shipping calculation and fulfillment into international shipping calculation and fulfillment. The integration system and method can vastly improve the online international consumer's buying experience. The incorporation of the integration services into the functions and content of the website provider is seamless, with the integration functions and content appearing to the end user as to be part of the services provided by the website provider. In an example implementation, the entire purchasing transaction is “owned” by the IR, without noticeably directing the consumer to third party websites or services and disrupting the consumer's shopping experience. In some embodiments, the integration system and method is cloud-based and allows the website operator to present its value proposition to international shoppers and create a superior customer shopping experience without the expense and nuisance of building or implementing a custom platform. The integration system and method decreases the cost of integration and is easily integrated into the IR's website without significant overhead. According to one aspect, a computer system comprising a memory, a display, and at least one processor coupled to the memory and the display is disclosed. In one example, the system comprises a monitoring component executed by the at least one processor and configured to analyze web content generated by a website provider and detect one or more identified elements within the web content. The system may also comprise a converting component executed by the at least one processor and configured to, responsive to detection of the one or more identified elements by the monitoring component, convert at least one portion of the web content into converted content, wherein the at least one processor is configured to display, in the display, the converted content and at least one other portion of the web content. In various examples, the at least one portion of web content includes a representation of a first currency and the converted content includes a representation of a second currency different from the first currency. In the system, the web content can include a representation of a first parcel delivery service and the converted content includes a representation of a second parcel delivery service different from the first parcel delivery service. In addition, the monitoring component can be further configured to detect geocoded indicators of a geolocation of the display. In one example, the converting component is further configured to convert the at least one portion of the web content into content configured for the geolocation. In some examples, the content configured for the geolocation includes an identifier of a parcel delivery service that services the geolocation. The content configured for the geolocation can include a representation of currency tenderable at the geolocation. In one example, the content configured for the geolocation includes a representation of a welcome mat. The representation of the welcome mat can include at least one of an identifier of a language, an identifier of a currency, and an indicator of shipping preferences. In some examples, the indicator of shipping preferences includes an indicator of a preferred destination. The indicator of the preferred destination can include an indicator of at least one of an occupiable structure, a kiosk, and a locker. In some examples, the one or more identified elements include text formatted as a first currency. In addition, the converted content can include text formatted as a second currency different from the first currency. In other examples, the converting component is further configured to convert the at least one portion of the web content to match a format and style of the web content of the website provider. In at least one example, the monitoring component is further configured to detect executable content in the web content of the website provider and the converting component is further configured to reconfigure the at least one portion of the web content to execute at least one process in place of the executable content. The executable content can be configured to execute a transaction in a first currency and the process is configured to execute the transaction in a second currency different from the first currency. In some examples, the converting component is configured to remove part of the at least one portion of the web content and replace the part with the converted content. The part can include an identifier of a first parcel delivery service and the converted content includes an identifier of a second parcel delivery service different from the first parcel delivery service. In other examples, the monitoring component is further configured to detect at least one action to change the geolocation associated with the display and the converting component is configured to convert the at least one portion of the web content into the converted content responsive to detection of the at least one action. According to another aspect, a method of integrating content into content of a website provider using a computer system including a display is disclosed. In one example, the method comprises analyzing, by the computer system, web content generated by a website provider, detecting one or more identified elements within the web content, converting at least one portion of the web content into converted content, and displaying the converted content and at least one other portion of the web content in the display. In some examples, the at least one portion of web content includes a representation of a first currency and converting the at least one portion of web content includes converting the representation of the first currency into a representation of a second currency different from the first currency. In other examples, the web content includes a representation of a first parcel delivery service and converting the at least one portion of web content includes generating a representation of a second parcel delivery service different from the first parcel delivery service. In at least one example, the method further comprising detecting geocoded indicators of a geolocation of the display. In one example, the method further comprises converting the at least one portion of the web content into content configured for the geolocation. In the method, converting the at least one portion of web content can include identifying an identifier of a parcel delivery service that services to the geolocation. In one example, converting the at least one portion of web content includes generating a representation of currency tenderable at the geolocation. In another example, the method further comprises converting the at least one portion of the web content to match a format and style of the web content of the website provider. In other examples, detecting the one or more identified elements includes detecting text formatted as a first currency. In the method, converting at least one portion of the web content includes converting the text formatted as a first currency into text formatted as a second currency different from the first currency. According to another aspect, a computer readable medium storing instructions for integrating websites is disclosed. In one example, the instructions are executable by at least one processor of a computer system, the instructions instruct the computer system to analyze web content generated by a website provider, detect one or more identified elements within the web content, convert at least a portion of the web content into converted content, and display the converted content and at least one other portion of the web content in a display. Still other aspects, embodiments and advantages of these exemplary aspects and embodiments, are discussed in detail below. Moreover, it is to be understood that both the foregoing information and the following detailed description are merely illustrative examples of various aspects and embodiments, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claimed aspects and embodiments. Any embodiment disclosed herein may be combined with any other embodiment. References to “an embodiment,” “an example,” “some embodiments,” “some examples,” “an alternate embodiment,” “various embodiments,” “one embodiment,” “at least one embodiment,” “this and other embodiments” or the like are not necessarily mutually exclusive and are intended to indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of such terms herein are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

11215153

FIELD OF INVENTION The invention relates generally to securing a pump to a liquid holding tank. More particularly, the relates to securing a fuel pump to a vehicle fuel tank. Most particularly, the invention related to repairing the attachment of a pump to a vehicle fuel tank where the original manufacturer's assembly rusted or broke. BACKGROUND In most modern vehicles, the fuel tank is a plastic molded tank that configure to fit the vehicle body. The fuel pump is assembled to the tank with a metallic ring that has an inner diameter that fits around the pump and a plurality of upstanding flanges that are defined on an outer diameter and dimensioned to engage with a plurality of tabs that extend around the outer perimeter of a retaining ring that fits over the fuel pump and a collar on the pump to secure it against the tank. Various methods of sealing against fuel leaks are generally formulated according to the specifics of the tank and fuel pump. A problem arises when the OEM assembly experiences rust or damage that requires a repair for securing the pump to the tank. Various attempts have been made to address the repair by essentially duplicating the OEM assembly technique; however, they have been found to be difficult to accomplish and less than satisfactory. SUMMARY The applicant discovered that a satisfactory repair could be made by providing a retaining ring that does not engage the upstanding flanges generally associated with an original manufacturer's tank structure and is secured directly to the tank. The disclosed retaining ring has an inner diameter that fits over the top of the pump to engage the pump's collar and a plurality of apertures that are positioned and sized to fit over the plurality of upstanding flanges on the OEM metallic ring without engaging them. The retaining ring is secured to the tank with fasteners, such as self-taping screws or bolts and nuts.

11353004

BACKGROUND Technical Field The present invention relates to a wind turbine having a gearless generator and a generator filter coupled thereto. The present invention also relates to such a generator filter and the present invention relates to a method for controlling a gearless wind turbine. Description of the Related Art Wind turbines are known, and many modern wind turbines have a gearless generator. In this case, the generator has a generator rotor which is directly driven by an aerodynamic rotor. The generator rotor then rotates relative to a stator of the gearless generator, as a result of which current is generated in the stator. This current generated in the stator is then accordingly converted for further use, in particular specifically for feeding into an electrical supply network. In the case of such a gearless configuration, the generator rotor rotates relatively slowly, for example at less than 20 rpm, while conventional generators or electrical machines often have nominal speeds of 1500 or 3000 rpm. In this case, such a slowly rotating generator can also result in vibrations or vibration excitations in the nacelle of the wind turbine. In principle, there are specific properties in any type of generator which can produce excitations in the region of the nacelle. Depending on the form, these may result in problems with sound emissions, in which case such problems with sound emissions also depend on the installation location and the rules which are applicable there. Noise effects can occur in the frequency ranges of 10 Hz to 120 Hz, for example. In order to counteract such noise emissions, sound insulation may be provided, for example, or vibration decoupling between the nacelle housing and the machine carrier comes into consideration. The published patent application DE 10 2014 206 703 A1 shows a decoupling means for attachment between a carrying module or a nacelle casing and a machine carrier in order to establish an elastically damped connection to the machine carrier thereby. There are also solution approaches which make the generator quieter overall. Such a solution is proposed in the published patent application DE 10 2014 200 947 A1. There, a stator is proposed for the generator, which stator is divided into stator segments in the circumferential direction, and wherein at least two stator segments are offset or crossed with respect to one another in the circumferential direction. However, such a solution presupposes a corresponding structural change to the generator, which, in this respect, more likely appears to be efficient for the design of a new generator. The German Patent and Trademark Office carried out a search in respect of the following prior art in the priority application for the present application: DE 100 11 750 A1; DE 101 30 339 A1; De 10 2014 200 947 A1; DE 10 2014 206 703 A1; DE 10 2015 205 348 A1 and EP 2 869 458 A1. BRIEF SUMMARY Provided herein are techniques for reducing a sound of a wind turbine, caused by the generator, enabling at least a comparatively quietly running generator or contributing to quiet running. A wind turbine is provided. This wind turbine comprises a gearless generator which is in the form of a synchronous generator. This synchronous generator has a stator and a generator rotor. The generator rotor denotes the rotating part of the generator and the term “generator rotor” is used here, in particular, in order to avoid any confusion with the aerodynamic rotor of the wind turbine. In this respect, the use of the term “generator rotor” should not be understood as being restrictive to a specific type of generator. In this respect, a gearless generator should be understood as meaning the fact that there is no gear mechanism between the generator and the aerodynamic rotor. In this respect, reference can also be made to a gearless wind turbine. Such a gearless generator runs slowly because it rotates at the same speed as the aerodynamic rotor of the wind turbine. Its speed is below 20 rpm, in particular below 15 rpm, particularly preferably below 10 rpm. This slow speed also affects any vibrations to be expected or reduced. Generators with a gear mechanism typically run at speeds of 3000 rpm or 1500 rpm. The synchronous generator is preferably in the form of a ring generator in which the magnetically active elements both of the stator and of the generator rotor are arranged in an annular manner around the axis of rotation of the generator in such a manner that no magnetically active elements of the generator are arranged in an inner region of the generator of at least 0 to 50 percent of the air gap diameter. The generator rotor and the stator, apart from carrying structures, are therefore arranged in a substantially annular manner in the region of the air gap. A generator filter is coupled to the stator in order to filter a stator current. In particular, a partial filter is provided for each three-phase stator current, wherein all partial filters together substantially form the generator filter. In this case, all partial filters are controlled partial filters and can be controlled together via the filter controller or can each be controlled via a partial filter controller. All partial filter controllers can together substantially form the filter controller. Any properties which are described for the generator filter should also analogously apply to each partial filter. Each partial filter can therefore also be considered to be an independent controllable generator filter which filters a stator current. It is proposed that this generator filter has modifiable filter properties. A filter controller for controlling the generator filter is also provided. The generator filter can therefore be controlled via the filter controller and can thereby change its filter properties. As a result, the stator current can be influenced, in particular with regard to harmonics. It has been recognized that such harmonics can result in corresponding noises in the generator. It has also been recognized that, depending on the type, in particular depending on the frequency and amplitude of such noise, this can also be amplified by elements of the wind turbine. This may result in such noises being able to be amplified and, in particular, being able to be emitted by a nacelle casing, including the spinner, and/or rotor blades. Controlling the generator filter and therefore controlling or changing current harmonics makes it possible to change the latter in such a manner that the resulting noise development also changes. Sometimes, a reduction in a harmonic of one order may suffice here, or harmonics of a plurality of orders are reduced or changed. In particular in the case of a variable-speed wind turbine which is proposed here, in particular, such current harmonics can change depending on the operating state of the wind turbine. It is possible to dynamically react to these by controllably changing the generator filter. The solution is therefore also particularly flexible and adaptable. It has also been recognized that noise development may also be an indicator of a non-optimum stator current or a generator operating in a non-optimum manner in another way. The operating behavior of the generator can therefore also be improved using measures for reducing the noises by changing the generator current. One embodiment proposes that the generator filter has a filter section having controllable capacitive properties or has capacitive properties which are controllable in another manner for changing its filter property. Therefore, it is proposed that the controllability of the generator filter is at least partially achieved by virtue of the fact that capacitive properties are controlled. This may mean that a capacitor or a capacitor bank is changed by connecting or disconnecting capacitors or parts of the latter. However, such a change of capacitors is mentioned here for illustration, in particular. Rather, capacitances or capacitive properties can be influenced by controlling semiconductor components. It also comes into consideration, in particular, that the generator filter behaves like such capacitances. For this purpose, the generator filter actively controls the stator current, for example, specifically as if the generator filter had capacitive properties. The capacitive property can also be controlled thereby by changing the controller. One embodiment proposes that the generator filter actively influences the stator current, in particular in such a manner that a current signal is impressed on the stator current by the active generator filter. The stator current can be deliberately influenced by such active or direct influencing of the stator current and such influencing can at least partially develop an effect, such as that which results from a passive filter with capacitances or capacitive properties. A change in this impression of the current signal on the stator current then has an effect as if the property of an equivalently passive filter changes. This also thus makes it possible to change or set a capacitive property of the generator filter. One embodiment proposes that the generator filter is in the form of a converter or an inverter or comprises a converter or an inverter. If the generator filter operates as a converter, it can convert the stator current or part of the latter into another alternating current or can generate a current which can be superimposed on the stator current. In this case, only a small part of the stator current or of the stator voltage is intended to be converted, namely the harmonic components. The converter then operates in such a manner that, on the basis of the available stator current and the desired stator current, it generates a corresponding current signal provided with corresponding harmonics and superimposes it on the stator current, which is also referred to as impression here. As a result, the stator current can be influenced in the desired manner. Instead of a converter, it is also possible to use an inverter which, unlike the converter, proceeding from a DC voltage on the input side. The DC voltage can be obtained by rectifying the stator current. For this purpose, it comes into consideration, in particular, that the stator current is rectified anyway for further processing in order to feed a DC voltage intermediate circuit. Such an inverter for influencing the stator current can also be supplied with DC voltage from this DC voltage intermediate circuit. Such an inverter or converter can also be controlled in such a manner that it behaves in an equivalent way to an equivalent passive filter and can be controlled in such a manner that it changes the type of current impression such that this corresponds to a change caused by an equivalent passive filter. The wind turbine is preferably characterized in that the generator filter is arranged between the stator and a rectifier for rectifying the stator current, and optionally the generator filter has capacitances connected in series, with the result that the stator current from the stator flows through the capacitances to a downstream rectifier, or in that the generator filter is configured to emulate such capacitances connected in series. A structure in which a rectifier is provided, and wherein the generator filter is provided between the stator and the rectifier, is generally proposed. The stator current can therefore be rectified and the resulting direct current or the resulting DC voltage can be provided at a common DC voltage intermediate circuit and can then be processed further. In particular, a downstream inverter can then generate an alternating current for feeding in. The direct current and the DC voltage can also be improved by means of the generator filter. It has been recognized that undesirable compensation currents, as can arise in filters with capacitances, that is to say capacitors, connected in parallel, are avoided in this case by means of a series circuit of capacitors. However, very large and powerful capacitors are required for such a series circuit. The implementation may be complicated, in particular if said capacitors are variable. It is nevertheless possible and is proposed as a variant. The series circuit of the capacitors should be understood here as meaning that at least one capacitor is provided in each stator current winding phase. If there is therefore a three-phase stator current, there are three stator current winding phases, namely one for each phase. Each stator current winding phase leads from the stator to the rectifier. Therefore, there are then three current winding phases and a capacitor is present in each current winding phase, with the result that the stator current flows along the stator current winding phase through the capacitor, which is naturally possible only for alternating current. However, it is preferably proposed to emulate such a series circuit of capacitors by means of the generator filter. For this purpose, the generator filter may be in the form of a converter or an inverter or may comprise and use a converter or an inverter for this purpose. Each partial filter is preferably formed by a converter or an inverter or has at least one converter or inverter. It is therefore proposed that the generator filter actively controls the stator current and imposes on it a behavior corresponding to a connection in which a described series circuit of capacitors is present. This possibly makes it possible to dispense with those capacitors which would be required for an arrangement in the series circuit. At the same time, controllability, namely of the emulated capacitors, is more easily possible. One embodiment proposes that the generator filter is controlled in such a manner that the stator current is changed in such a manner that it results in a higher output power in the generator, which can be achieved, in particular, by means of capacitive properties of the generator filter. The generator is fundamentally excited by means of a direct current in the generator rotor. This is at least one preferred embodiment of the gearless generator used. A stator current is generated as a result and by the rotation of the generator. In particular if the stator current has a capacitive reactive current component, this can reduce a voltage in the generator, namely, in particular, at an inductance in the stator of the generator. As a result, a higher output voltage can be achieved for the same stator active current, namely at the output terminals of the stator, in particular. The result of this is that a higher power can be output, that is to say that the output power of the generator, namely, in particular, the output power at the stator, that is to say at stator terminals, is increased. This can be achieved, in particular, by means of capacitive filter properties which can generate a capacitive reactive current component. Another configuration proposes that the generator filter is designed or operated to filter the stator current in such a manner that mechanical vibration excitations of the generator are reduced. Vibration frequencies of a generator are frequently known and, as a result, it is known what type of mechanical vibration excitations of the generator can be expected. It is proposed to accordingly filter the stator current such that such mechanical vibration excitations are reduced. In particular, the generator filter can be designed for a frequency range or operated in order to filter the stator current in such a manner that the mechanical vibration excitations of the generator are reduced. An appropriate choice of the frequency range is therefore made. If the generator filter operates in a passive manner, it should be designed for this frequency range. The same applies if it is active, in particular if it is formed or supported by a converter or an inverter. In this case, the inverter or converter can be operated accordingly, namely for this frequency range. A corresponding design is nevertheless also advantageous for the inverter or converter. In particular, components such as output inductances can be designed accordingly. The generator is preferably designed for a sixth harmonic and additionally or alternatively for a twelfth harmonic of an expected or captured mechanical vibration. The sixth and/or twelfth harmonic with respect to a mechanical fundamental vibration is/are therefore reduced. In this respect, it was recognized that such harmonics, in particular, that is to say harmonics from this frequency range, can excite or amplify mechanical vibrations. It is preferably proposed that an emission feedback unit for feeding back an emission signal to the filter controller is provided. Such an emission signal is representative of an emission output by the generator. A noise emission or an electrical and/or mechanical vibration come(s) into consideration here, in particular. Such a vibration is therefore recorded and is fed back as an emission signal. In this case, precisely that vibration which is ultimately also intended to be reduced can be recorded and fed back as an emission signal. However, it also comes into consideration to measure other emissions which are representative of the vibrations to be reduced. For example, a vibration at a machine carrier can therefore be recorded, whereas a vibration of the nacelle casing actually causes a high noise emission. In this example, the vibration amplitude at the machine carrier can be considerably lower, but this is possibly a better measuring location in order to arrange a measuring sensor. Arranging a measuring sensor on a strongly vibrating element, such as the nacelle casing in this example, can also be particularly problematic for fastening the sensor. However, it also comes into consideration to capture and evaluate the stator current, for example, and to infer the actual emission on the basis of the evaluation, for example using known properties of the wind turbine, to name just one further example. For this purpose, it is then proposed to control the generator filter on the basis of the emission signal which has been fed back, in order to reduce the emission output by the generator. The filter controller is configured to do this, which means that it has a corresponding signal input for feeding back the emission signal. An emission is therefore captured directly or indirectly and the generator filter is then controlled or operated accordingly via the filter controller. It is therefore possible to easily react here to different operating situations. The generator filter needs to be only generally designed for the action area to be generally expected, and the control can then be easily carried out on the basis of the emission signal which was captured. As a result, it can become unnecessary to specifically adapt or capture the instantaneous operating state of the wind turbine. Otherwise, the wind turbine can also be operated substantially as before. Only the filter controller operates in such a manner that it changes the filter properties of the generator filter and adapts them to the respective emission. As a result, it is also particularly easily possible to retrofit this proposed solution in a wind turbine. Substantially only the generator filter, including the filter controller, and a corresponding measuring sensor for capturing the emission signal are required. Another embodiment proposes that the generator has a plurality of partial generator systems. In particular, provision is made of two three-phase partial stators which each generate a three-phase current, and the generator therefore overall generates a six-phase stator current. A current capture device (i.e., ammeter) is provided for this purpose and is configured to capture the stator current of each partial generator system and to transmit in each case at least one current signal to the filter controller for controlling the generator filter. Such a current signal is respectively representative of the captured stator current. For example, a measurement signal of each stator current can be transmitted. However, it also comes into consideration that the captured stator current has already been evaluated and is transferred to a transformed representation, for example by means of decomposition according to the method of symmetrical components, with the result that at least one vector or phasor for a positive phase-sequence system and for a negative phase-sequence system of each three-phase stator current is transmitted. A current probe or a measuring resistor, for example, can be provided for each phase for the purpose of capturing the stator current. It is now proposed that the filter controller is configured to control the generator filter on the basis of the current signal. One variant proposes that this is carried out in such a manner that differences between the stator currents are minimized. The stator currents of each partial generator system are therefore compared and the generator filter is then controlled in such a manner that these stator currents conform to one another at least in some properties. The stator currents of each partial generator system are preferably phase-shifted with respect to one another and this phase shift is naturally not intended to be adjusted. However, the amplitude and, in particular, also the harmonic content of each stator current can be adjusted by appropriately controlling the generator filter. For this purpose, the filter controller can specify corresponding compensating harmonic components which can then be changed or generated by the generator filter. If a converter or an inverter is used as the generator filter in particular, it is possible here to specify a corresponding compensation component for the relevant harmonic component(s). It also comes into consideration that, in order to adjust the two partial generator systems, the powers output by the partial generator systems are considered and are adjusted by means of the generator filter. It is therefore possible to carry out balancing between the partial generator systems. Owing to the system, such partial generator systems fundamentally generate very similar output signals, in particular stator currents, because they are implemented in the same synchronous generator. Minor differences which occur in this respect can be adjusted by means of the filter controller which controls the generator filter. It also comes into consideration that the stator currents of the plurality of generator systems, in particular two generator systems, are not directly considered, but rather only their harmonics, and, on the basis of this, these harmonics are adjusted by appropriately controlling the generator filter. The consideration that different harmonic contents of the respective stator current can also have an effect on a different power output of the two partial generator systems also plays a role here. In this case too, the differences should be minor, but may nevertheless be present and become noticeable, for example, in noises or the running behavior of the generator. Additionally or alternatively, it is proposed that the filter controller is configured to control the generator filter on the basis of the respective current signal in such a manner that differences in the current coverage inside the respective partial generator system are reduced. According to this embodiment, it is therefore proposed that, in particular, the three phases of a stator current of a partial generator system should be considered and, in the event of unbalances which occur between these three phases, the generator filter should be accordingly controlled in such a manner that these unbalances are at least reduced. This balancing inside the partial generator system can also be carried out at the same time as or in combination with the described balancing between the individual partial generator systems. The configuration of the filter controller also has the appearance here, in particular, that corresponding compensation components are impressed on or added to the stator current in order to obtain the desired balancing. This can be carried out, in particular, by using a converter or an inverter as the generator filter and by virtue of this converter or inverter generating and impressing the corresponding current components. Therefore, balancing can be respectively carried out in one of the partial generator systems. Deviations between the partial generator systems can also be reduced. The wind turbine is preferably characterized in that a common DC voltage intermediate circuit for providing an intermediate circuit voltage is provided, a rectifier is provided for the or each stator current in order to rectify the stator current and supply it to the common DC voltage intermediate circuit, the controlled generator filter or a controlled partial filter of the controlled generator filter is arranged between the stator and each rectifier in order to filter the respective stator current, at least one inverter is provided and is connected, on the input side, to the common DC voltage intermediate circuit in order to invert the intermediate circuit voltage into a three-phase current and voltage signal, and wherein the inverter is coupled to an electrical supply network or is configured to feed the three-phase current and voltage signal into the electrical supply network. A common DC voltage intermediate circuit is therefore proposed, for which the entire stator current is rectified, even when a plurality of partial systems or a plurality of partial stators are provided. The downstream inverter then accesses this common DC voltage intermediate circuit. A controlled partial filter is provided for each stator current. Another embodiment proposes that a plurality of control characteristic curves are available for controlling the generator. For this purpose, it is proposed that the filter controller is configured to choose between a plurality of control characteristic curves. Each control characteristic curve is in the form of a current characteristic curve in this case and each current characteristic curve indicates a filter setting, in particular a reactive power value, on the basis of the stator current. Depending on the requirements, the corresponding control characteristic curve can therefore be selectively assessed and this then results in a corresponding filter setting being made on the basis of a stator current, in particular in a reactive power value being fed in on the basis of a stator current. This makes it possible to easily choose between differently dynamic regulators or regulator properties, for example. The control characteristic curves can be chosen, for example, on the basis of an unbalance between individual phases or on the basis of an unbalance between a plurality of partial generator systems. In addition, they can then control the stator-current-dependent reactive power on the basis of an amplitude of the stator current, for example its root mean square value, in particular. However, it also comes into consideration that the control characteristic curve is chosen on the basis of a recorded emission signal. For example, a steeper stator-current-dependent reactive power characteristic curve can be accordingly chosen in the case of a higher emission. In this respect, the filter controller is configured, in particular, to have a storage (i.e., memory) in which these current characteristic curves are stored. In addition, a processor may be provided for selecting the current characteristic curve stored in this manner, on which processor a corresponding selection criterion is processed. In particular, different operating points can be set by means of the control characteristic curves. It is preferably also proposed that different control characteristic curves are provided for different applications. In particular, it is proposed to store, as control characteristic curves, a normal control characteristic curve, a noise control characteristic curve, a homogenization characteristic curve and an inertial characteristic curve, or at least some of these characteristic curves. In this case, a normal control characteristic curve is a characteristic curve which is provided for the purpose of controlling the generator filter in such a manner that the stator current has as few current harmonics as possible. Such control can be referred to as normal control and the associated characteristic curve can therefore be referred to as a normal control characteristic curve. A noise control characteristic curve is a characteristic curve which is provided for the purpose of controlling the generator in such a manner that a mechanical vibration or a noise emission of the generator is reduced. The control characteristic curve therefore relates, in particular, to such vibration problems. For this purpose, the noise control characteristic curve may be provided such that it comprises, in particular, a control rule which results in the generator filter being controlled in such a manner that the noises are reduced, in particular. For this purpose, this control characteristic curve can be configured in such a manner that noise-relevant components of the stator current are in the foreground, in particular. This noise control characteristic curve can therefore be specifically designed, for example, in such a manner that harmonics in the region of the sixth or twelfth harmonic with respect to a mechanical fundamental vibration are compensated for or specifically such harmonic components are generated for reduction by the generator filter. A homogenization characteristic curve is a control characteristic curve which controls the generator filter in such a manner that partial generator systems have a power difference which is as small as possible. Such a homogenization characteristic curve can be provided, in particular, for use for each phase or for each partial generator system and can have a dynamic response or gradient which results in the partial generator systems or the individual phases together finding a stable operating point. In particular, the control characteristic curve can be set in such a manner that the systems do not push one another up in the attempt at balancing. The generator systems have at least a dynamic response, and a control characteristic curve can then form a gain factor or act as a gain actor if, in the simplest case, it is a straight line with a gradient. A more or less vibrating system then results depending on the choice of the gain factor. In addition to known control designs, the practice of testing different control characteristic curves in a simulation also comes into consideration here. Instead of or in addition to examining a power difference, the homogenization characteristic curve can also be provided for any current differences in the stator current, that is to say is designed in such a manner that the current difference, whether between the partial generator systems or between the phases of one partial generator system in each case, is as small as possible or can be reduced. An inertial characteristic curve, which can also be synonymously referred to as a characteristic curve for providing an instantaneous reserve, is a characteristic curve which results in or is used for control of the generator filter in such a manner that the generator can achieve a power increase which is as fast as possible. Such an instantaneous reserve situation may be present when a sudden frequency dip requires a short-term higher feed power. This then results in this higher feed power also having to be output by the generator. The generator must then output more power, as a result of which it is decelerated. This power which must be suddenly additionally output by the generator is therefore likewise output via the stator current, and this stator current should accordingly be controlled in such a manner that it is increased, for example by 10%, very quickly, for example within 10 to 50 ms. Such a fast power increase can also affect the current quality, in particular the harmonics. In addition, it should be noted that the higher power output is associated with deceleration of the generator, which in turn reduces the frequency of the stator current. The inertial characteristic curve is provided for such a situation. Such an inertial characteristic curve is preferably particularly flat, with the result that it intervenes in the control to a rather lesser extent than the other characteristic curves. This is based, in particular, on the knowledge that, in such a situation in which an instantaneous reserve must be provided, this provision of the instantaneous reserve is in the foreground. In addition, such a situation of feeding in the instantaneous reserve is comparatively short, for example in the region of 10 seconds, with the result that resonance cannot be expected in this time in which the frequency of the stator current also changes because a steady-state situation required for this is not present. Therefore, noise problems cannot be expected and, should noise problems nevertheless occur, they would be tolerable for the short period of the inertial situation. However, the inertial characteristic curve can also be designed such that a particularly high reactive current is fed in in order to thereby increase an excitation in the generator and therefore to additionally also support the increase in the output power. Such an increase in the output power as a result of an accordingly changed stator current can accelerate the power increase in this instantaneous reserve situation. It has also been recognized for these characteristic curves which have been explained that they can set different operating points. In particular, it is proposed that the filter controller is configured to change an operating point of the generator. In particular, the filter controller is configured to control the generator filter to change an excitation of the generator. In this respect, measures which already been described above proposed here. It should be noted that such measures, that is to say, in particular, deliberate selection of an operating point, can also be implemented differently than using one of the proposed control characteristic curves. Very generally, it is proposed that an operating point can be set by means of the adjustable generator filter by setting reactive power, that is to say by adding reactive current to the stator current. This can be carried out, in particular, by using an active generator filter, in particular by using a converter or an inverter as the generator filter. A method for controlling a stator current of a generator of a wind turbine is provided. In this case too, the generator is in the form of a gearless synchronous generator with a stator and a generator rotor. The method at least comprises the steps of filtering at least one stator current of the generator by means of a generator filter connected to the stator of the generator, wherein the generator filter has modifiable filter properties, and controlling the generator filter by means of a filter controller in order to set the filter properties. In this case and also in the other embodiments, the practice of setting the filter properties can also mean that filter properties are emulated. The embodiment, which has already been described and according to which a current is generated by the generator filter and is impressed on the stator current which behaves as if passive filter is connected, is an example of an emulation of filter properties. In particular, the method uses a wind turbine according to at least one embodiment described above. The embodiments of a wind turbine which are described above also comprise descriptions of method steps or method properties, for which it has been explained, in particular, that the generator filter and the filter controller are each provided or configured for this. It is proposed that the method can comprise such method steps or method properties according to embodiments. Provided is a generator filter of a wind turbine for filtering a generator current of a gearless synchronous generator of the wind turbine. Such a generator filter comprises a filter connection for connecting the generator filter to a stator current output of the gearless generator, and the generator filter comprises a filter controller for controlling the generator filter, wherein the generator filter has modifiable filter properties. A generator filter which is configured to be controlled in the manner described according to at least one above-described embodiment of a wind turbine is therefore proposed, in particular. Overall, a solution which fundamentally helps to improve the operating behavior of a gearless synchronous generator of a wind turbine is proposed as a wind turbine, a generator filter or a method for controlling a stator current. Achieving or assisting with a noise reduction thereby is one of the aspects. In principle, however, it is also possible to improve the controllability of the generator because the proposed solutions additionally intervene in the control of the generator, namely in addition to directly controlling an excitation current in the generator rotor of the generator. The generation of power can therefore also be improved via this additional control intervention, for example. It is also possible to consider different partial generator systems in a differentiated manner and compensation can be provided in the event of unbalances. The operating point of the generator can also actually be set better overall as a result of the additional intervention. The so-called inertial situation or instantaneous reserve situation in which an instantaneous reserve is provided from rotational energy can also be specifically addressed, in particular, by the proposed solutions. In particular, the generator power required for this purpose can be quickly provided. Such a power increase can be controlled by increasing the excitation power by directly controlling the excitation power in the generator rotor. In this case, however, the time constants of the generator rotor, in particular, should be heeded for controlling the excitation and such time constants may be, for example, in the range of 1 to 2 seconds, in particular 1 to 1.5 seconds. Such a time can be shortened by means of proposed control of an active generator filter. The power increase caused by controlling the excitation current is intended to be supplemented in this case, in particular. This power can be increased even more quickly, in particular, in which case this increased output power can then be well maintained, however, by increasing the excitation current. As a result, the solution described above makes it possible, in particular, to achieve a sound reduction, in particular also for a synchronous generator having two three-phase systems. In this case, the balancing of the two partial systems also plays a role, in particular. In addition, the efficiency can be increased. Finally, an output power, in particular, can also be controlled more quickly.

11530889

BACKGROUND The basic mechanical structure of AR-15, M-16, HK 416, HK 417, HK MR556, FN SCAR, and SIG 516, among other similar firearms, is known in the art.FIG.1shows an exploded view of a standard AR-15, which serves as an example of a firearm to which the inventive improvements disclosed herein may be applied. As shown inFIG.1, the AR-15 firearm10includes, among other elements, a buttstock12, a lower receiver14with an upper or top edge75, a handle16, a magazine well18, a magazine20, a trigger22, a barrel24, a bolt carrier26, a bolt28, a firing pin30, a charging handle32, an upper receiver34, a gas tube36, a bolt catch38, a sight40, gas rings42, a magazine catch44, and a magazine release button46. Standard operation of the AR-15 firearm is well known in the art. There remains a need in the art for firearms of the direct impingement and piston type that allow for faster reload, more controllable firing rate, a reduced failure rate, and easier operation, as compared to current semi-automatic or automatic type firearms. SUMMARY This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the DETAILED DESCRIPTION. This summary is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. In one aspect of the disclosure, a firearm is disclosed. The firearm includes a lower receiver with a top edge and a bolt carrier assembly. The bolt carrier assembly includes a bolt carrier configured to slideably engage with a bolt along a first axis, wherein the bolt is configured to engage and disengage from lugs of a barrel extension of the firearm and a firing pin configured to slideably engage with the bolt carrier assembly along the first axis. The firearm further includes a trigger assembly including a trigger pivotally connected to the firearm and a disconnector configured to engage with the trigger. A hammer is configured to engage with the trigger and having a firing pin contact portion configured to rotate upward to a vertical most position and contact a firing pin, wherein the hammer further comprises an extended surface that is configured to contact a portion of the bolt carrier when the bolt carrier travels in a rearward direction after firing of the firearm. In one aspect, the extended surface mentioned above extends from about 0.952 inches to about 1.80 inches above the top edge of the lower receiver when the hammer is rotated upward to the vertical most position. The extended surface may extend less than 1.50 inches above the top edge of the lower receiver when the hammer is rotated upward to the vertical most position. In one aspect, the aforementioned hammer may have a width between about 0.300 inches and about 0.315 inches. In one aspect the hammer may have a width between about 0.150 inches and 0.299 inches, and wherein the extended surface extends greater than about 0.800 inches above the top edge of the lower receiver when the hammer is rotated upward to the vertical most position. In one aspect, the extended surface may extend less than 1.5 inches above the top edge of the lower receiver when the hammer is rotated upward to the vertical most position. In one aspect of the disclosure a hammer usable with a firearm is disclosed. The firearm may a bolt carrier that is configured to travel forward and rearward within the firearm during a firing operation of the firearm. The hammer includes a mounting portion configured to rotatably constrain the hammer within the firearm and a firing pin contact portion configured to rotate upward to a vertical most position and contact a firing pin. The hammer further includes a sear notch configured to contact a trigger, and an extended surface that is configured to contact a bottom portion of the bolt carrier when the bolt carrier travels in a rearward direction after firing of the firearm. The extended surface allows for additional travel of a bolt carrier group of the firearm. In one aspect, a trigger assembly usable with a firearm is disclosed. The firearm may include a bolt carrier that is configured to travel forward and rearward within the firearm during a firing operation of the firearm. The trigger assembly may include a trigger pivotally connected to the firearm and a disconnector configured to engage with the trigger. The assembly may include a hammer configured to engage with the trigger and having a firing pin contact portion configured to rotate upward to a vertical most position and contact a firing pin, wherein the hammer further comprises an extended surface that is configured to contact a portion of the bolt carrier when the bolt carrier travels in a rearward direction after firing of the firearm. Additional advantages and novel features of these aspects will be set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will become more apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or upon learning by practice of the disclosure.

11402446

BACKGROUND In Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), very small signals are created via excitation of hydrogen protons in the bore of an MRI machine. These signals are picked up on receiver coils adjacent to the patient inside the machine and processed to yield an image. The higher the signal-to-noise (SNR) the receiver coils can produce, the faster the scan time can be and the higher the quality of images that can be produced. MRI receiver coil arrays provide a better signal-to-noise-ratio and field of view over standard single coil receivers. However, this gain is lost when the surface coil array is at an improper distance from the patient. Currently, most coils today have a rigid or semi-rigid structure and are one-size-fits-all, whereas patients come in a variety of sizes and shapes. There is therefore a need for MRI receiver coil devices that provide increased SNR, and which provide improved patient conformity. There is also a need for cost-effective fabrication processes for forming such receiver coil devices as well as other devices that have at least a partially symmetric nature. SUMMARY The present disclosure provides MRI receiver coil devices, including MRI receiver coils arrays and method for manufacturing the same. According to an embodiment, a method of forming a flexible magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receive coil device having at least one receive coil with at least one capacitor is provided. The method typically includes providing a flexible substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, forming a first conductor pattern on the first surface by printing a first layer of conductive material on the first surface using a printing mask having a pattern, and forming a second conductor pattern on the second surface by printing a second layer of conductive material on the second surface using said printing mask, wherein a portion of the first conductor pattern on the first surface overlaps with a portion of the second conductor pattern on the second surface with the flexible substrate therebetween to form the at least one capacitor. In certain aspects, printing includes screen printing and the mask includes a screen printing mask. According to another embodiment, a method of forming a flexible magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receive coil device having at least one receive coil with at least one capacitor is provided. The method typically includes providing a flexible substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, providing a screen printing mask having a mask pattern, screen printing a first layer of conductive material on the first surface using the screen printing mask to form a first conductor pattern on the first surface, and screen printing a second layer of conductive material on the second surface using the screen printing mask to form a second conductor pattern on the second surface, wherein the mask pattern is arranged such that a portion of the first conductor pattern overlaps with a portion of the second conductor pattern with the flexible substrate therebetween to form the at least one capacitor. According to yet another embodiment, a flexible magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receive coil device is provided, which is formed according to any of the methods herein. In certain aspects, the flexible substrate comprises a dielectric plastic material selected from the group consisting of a polyimide (PI) film, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film, a polyetherimide (PEI) film, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, a polyaryletherketone (PAEK) material film and a poly ether ketone (PEEK) film. In certain aspects, the receive coil device includes two or more capacitors, and wherein separated portions of the first conductor pattern on the first surface overlap with separated portions of the second conductor pattern on the second surface with the flexible substrate therebetween to form the two or more capacitors. In certain aspects, the receive coil device includes four capacitors. In certain aspects, the method further includes iteratively repeating steps one or more times to form a flexible MRI receiver coil device having an array of two or more receive coils, wherein for each iteration, a position of the printing mask is adjusted relative to the flexible substrate so that each subsequent receive coil formed is offset relative to a previous receive coil formed. In certain aspects, the conductive material comprises a conductive ink. In certain aspects, the conductive ink includes a metal material selected from the group consisting of gold, copper and silver. In certain aspects, the metal material comprises metallic flakes. In certain aspects, a method further includes annealing the flexible substrate after each conductor pattern has been formed on the flexible substrate. Reference to the remaining portions of the specification, including the drawings and claims, will realize other features and advantages of the present invention. Further features and advantages of the present invention, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the present invention, are described in detail below with respect to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements.

11415185

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of PCT/JP2020/047175 filed Dec. 17, 2020, having a priority claim to Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-230081 filed Dec. 20, 2019. The contents of these prior patent documents are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a reverse-input blocking clutch that transmits rotational torque that is inputted to an input member to an output member; however, completely blocks rotational torque that is reversely inputted to the output member and does not transmit the reversely inputted torque to the input member, or transmits only a part of the reversely inputted torque and blocks the remaining part. BACKGROUND ART The reverse-input blocking clutch includes an input member that is connected to an input-side mechanism such as a drive source or the like, and an output member that is connected to an output-side mechanism such as a speed-reducing mechanism or the like, and has a function of transmitting rotational torque that is inputted to the input member to the output member, while completely blocking rotational torque that is reversely inputted to the output member and not transmitting the reversely inputted torque to the input member, or transmitting only a part of the reversely inputted torque and blocking the remaining part. FIG. 23toFIG. 29illustrate an example of conventional construction of a reverse-input blocking clutch such as described in WO 2019/026794. A reverse-input blocking clutch101includes an input member102, an output member103, a pressed member104, and a pair of engaging elements105. The input member102is connected to an input-side mechanism such as an electric motor or the like, and rotational torque is inputted to the input member102. The input member102, as illustrated inFIG. 25, has an input-shaft portion106, and a pair of input-side engaging portions107. The base-end portion of the input-shaft portion106is connected to the input-side mechanism. The pair of input-side engaging portions107are configured by convex portions that extend in the axial direction from two locations on the tip-end surface of the input-shaft portion106on opposites sides in the radial direction. The output member103is connected to an output-side mechanism such as a speed-reducing mechanism or the like, and outputs rotational torque. The output member103is coaxially arranged with the input member102, and as illustrated inFIG. 26, has an output-shaft portion108and an output-side engaging portion109. The base-end portion of the output-shaft portion108is connected to the input portion of the output-side mechanism. The output-side engaging portion109has an elliptical columnar shape that extends in the axial direction from the central portion of the tip-end surface of the output-shaft portion108. The output-side engaging portion109is arranged in a portion between the pair of input-side engaging portions107. The pressed member104, as illustrated inFIG. 24, has an annular shape, and by being fastened to another member (not illustrated) such as a housing or the like, the rotation of the pressed member104is restricted. The pressed member104is coaxially arranged with the input member102and the output member103, and is arranged on the outer side in the radial direction of the pair of input-side engaging portions107and the output-side engaging portion109. The pressed member104has a pressed surface110, which is an annular concave surface, formed around the inner peripheral surface thereof. Each engaging element105of the pair of engaging elements105is configured into a semi-circular plate shape, and is arranged on the inner side in the radial direction of the pressed member104. The engaging elements105respectively have a partial cylindrical convex pressing surface111formed around the outer-side surface in the radial direction facing the pressed surface110, and have a bottom surface112on the inner-side surface in the radial direction, the inner-side surfaces of the pair of the engaging elements105facing each other. The bottom surface112is configured by a flat surface except a part where an output-side engaged portion114(described later) is formed. The radius of curvature of the pressing surface111is equal to or less than the radius of curvature of the pressed surface110. Note that the radial direction of the engaging element105refers to a direction orthogonal to the bottom surface112as indicated by an arrow A inFIG. 23, and the direction parallel to the bottom surface112indicated by an arrow B inFIG. 23refers to the width direction of the engaging element105. In a state in which the pair of engaging elements105is arranged on the inner side in the radial direction of the pressed member104, the inner-diameter dimension of the pressed member104and the dimension in the radial direction of the engaging elements105are regulated so that there is a gap in at least one of the portion between the pressed surface110and the pressing surface111, and the portion between the bottom surfaces112. The engaging element105has an input-side engaged portion113and an output-side engaged portion114. The input-side engaged portion113is configured by a hole that penetrates in the axial direction through a central portion in the radial direction of the engaging element105. The input-side engaged portion113has a size such that the input-side engaging portion107may be loosely inserted therein. Therefore, the input-side engaging portion107is able to displace in the direction of rotation of the input member102with respect to the input-side engaged portion113of the engaging element105, and the input-side engaged portion113of the engaging element105is able to displace in the radial direction of the engaging element105with respect to the input-side engaging portion107. The output-side engaged portion114is configured by a rectangular concave portion that is recessed outward in the radial direction from a central portion in the width direction of the bottom surface112of the engaging element105. The output-side engaged portion114has a size such that a front-half portion in the minor axis direction of the output-side engaging portion109can be arranged on the inner side thereof. In the assembled state of the reverse-input blocking clutch101, the pair of input-side engaging portions107of the input member102that is arranged on the one side in the axial direction is inserted in the axial direction into the input-side engaged portions113of the pair of engaging elements105, and the output-side engaging portion109of the output member103that is arranged on the other side in the axial direction is inserted in the axial direction between the pair of output-side engaged portions114. In other words, the pair of engaging elements105is arranged so that the output-side engaged portions114sandwich the output-side engaging portion109from the outer sides in the radial direction. As illustrated inFIG. 27, when a rotational torque is inputted to the input member102from the input-side mechanism, the input-side engaging portions107rotate on the inner side of the input-side engaged portions113in the direction of rotation of the input member102(clockwise direction in the example inFIG. 27). When this occurs, the inner side surfaces in the radial direction of the input-side engaging portions107press the inner surfaces of the input-side engaged portions113inward in the radial direction, which causes the pair of engaging elements105to move in directions away from the pressed surface110. As a result, the pair of output-side engaged portions114sandwiches the output-side engaging portion109of the output member103from both sides in the radial direction, and the output-side engaging portion109and the pair of output-side engaged portions114engage with no looseness. As a result, rotational torque that is inputted to the input member102is transmitted to the output member103through the pair of engaging elements105and outputted from the output member103. On the other hand, as illustrated inFIG. 28, when rotational torque is reversely inputted to the output member103from an output-side mechanism, the output-side engaging portion109rotates on the inner side of the pair of output-side engaged portions114in the direction of rotation of the output member103(clockwise direction in the example inFIG. 28). When this occurs, corner portions of the output-side engaging portion109press the bottom surfaces of the output-side engaged portions114outward in the radial direction, which causes each of the pair of engaging elements105to move toward the pressed surface110. As a result, the pressing surfaces111of the pair of engaging elements105are pressed against the pressed surface110of the pressed member104. As a result, rotational torque that is reversely inputted to the output member103is transmitted to the pressed member104that is fixed to another member (not illustrated) and completely blocked and not transmitted to the input member102, or only a part of the rotational torque reversely inputted to the output member103is transmitted to the input member102and the remaining part is blocked. In order that rotational torque that is reversely inputted to the output member103is completely blocked so as not to be transmitted to the input member102, the output member103is locked by wedging the pair of engaging elements105between the output-side engaging portion109and the pressed member104so that the pressing surfaces111do not slide with respect to (rotate relative to) the pressed surface110. On the other hand, in order that only a part of rotational torque that is reversely inputted to the output member103is transmitted to the input member102and the remaining portion is blocked, the output member103is semi-locked by wedging the pair of engaging elements105between the output-side engaging portion109and the pressed member104so that the pressing surfaces111slide with respect to the pressed surface110. In a state in which the output member103is semi-locked and rotational torque is further reversely inputted to the output member103, the pair of engaging elements105, due to the engagement between the output-side engaging portion109and the output-side engaged portions114, rotate around the center of rotation of the output member103while allowing the pressing surfaces111to slide with respect to the pressed surface110. When the pair of engaging elements105rotate, the inner surfaces of the input-side engaged portion113press the inner side surfaces in the radial direction of the input-side engaging portions107in the circumferential direction (direction of rotation), and part of the rotational torque is transmitted to the input member102. CITATION LIST Patent Literature Patent Literature 1: WO 2019/026794 SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem In the case of the conventional reverse-input blocking clutch101described above, there is room for improvement from the aspect of smoothly switching from a locked or semi-locked state as illustrated inFIG. 28to an unlocked state as illustrated inFIG. 27as rotational torque is inputted to the input member102. In the conventional construction, as illustrated inFIG. 29, when rotational torque T is inputted to the input member102from the locked state or semi-locked state illustrated inFIG. 28, the input-side engaging portions107of the input member102come in contact with the input-side engaged portions113of the engaging elements105, and translational loads Ft due to the rotational torque T (T=Ft*R) (R is the distance from the center of rotation O of the input member102to the area of contact X) act on the areas of contact X between the input-side engaging portions107and the input-side engaged portions113. The directions of the translational loads Ft, or in other words, the directions of the loads acting on the engaging elements105from the input member102are largely inclined with respect to the radial direction of the engaging elements105(directions the engaging elements105move when going toward or away from the pressed surface110), which are directions in which the engaging elements105move when switching from the locked state or semi-locked state to the unlocked state. From the aspect of smoothly performing switching from the locked state or semi-locked state to the unlocked state, it is preferable that the directions of the loads acting on the engaging elements105from the input member102are mostly parallel with the radial direction of the engaging elements105. Moreover, a reverse-input blocking clutch may be used by being installed in various kinds of mechanical devices; however, in a case of being installed in a position adjustment device of a machining table or the like, an input-side mechanism such as an electric motor as a rotational drive source is connected to the input member. In such a case, by controlling the input-side mechanism (for example, controlling rotation or controlling torque), operation of the device in which the reverse-input blocking clutch is installed may be controlled. Therefore, depending on the use of the device in which the reverse-input blocking clutch is installed, a reverse-input blocking clutch is desired that will prevent the control of the input-side mechanism from becoming complicated, and will not allow a decline in the controllability of the input-side mechanism. In order to solve the problems described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a reverse-input blocking clutch that will not allow a decline in the controllability of an input-side mechanism that rotates and drives an input member, and that will make it possible to smoothly switch from a locked state or semi-locked state to an unlocked state when rotational torque is inputted to the input member. Solution to Problem The reverse-input blocking clutch according to one aspect of the present invention includes: a pressed member, an input member, an output member, an engaging element, and an elastic body. The pressed member has a pressed surface around an inner peripheral surface thereof. The input member is coaxially arranged with the pressed surface and has an input-side engaging portion arranged on an inner side in a radial direction of the pressed surface. The output member is coaxially arranged with the pressed surface and has an output-side engaging portion on the inner side in the radial direction of the pressed surface arranged further on the inner side in the radial direction than the input-side engaging portion. The engaging element has a main engaging element body and a link member, and is arranged on the inner side in the radial direction of the pressed surface so as to be able to move in a first direction as a direction away from or toward the pressed surface. The elastic body is arranged between the main engaging element body and the link member, and applies an elastic force to the link member in a direction toward the pressed surface in the first direction. The main engaging element body has a pressing surface that faces the pressed surface, a pivot-supporting portion located on a side nearer to the pressed surface than the input-side engaging portion in the first direction, and an output-side engaged portion that engages with the output-side engaging portion. The link member has a first end portion that is pivotally linked to the pivot-supporting portion, and a second end portion that is pivotally linked to the input-side engaging portion. The second end portion has an input-side engaged portion into which the input-side engaging portion can be loosely inserted, and in a neutral state in which rotational torque is not inputted to either the input member or the output member, an inner surface of the input-side engaged portion is pressed against an outer surface of the input-side engaging portion by elastic force of the elastic body. The engaging element, by the pivot-supporting portion being pulled by the input-side engaging portion through the link member when a rotational torque is inputted to the input member, displaces so as to move away from the pressed surface, and by causing the output-side engaged portion to engage with the output-side engaging portion, transmits the rotational torque inputted to the input member to the output member; and when rotational torque is reversely inputted to the output member, by pressing the pressing surface against the pressed surface due to engagement between the output-side engaging portion and the output-side engaged portion, causes the pressing surface to frictionally engage with the pressed surface. According to one aspect of the present invention, elastic force of the elastic body is able to press a portion of the inner surface of the input-side engaged portion located on the far side from the pressed surface in the first direction against the outer surface of the input-side engaging portion located on the far side from the pressed surface in the first direction. According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to not fasten the elastic body to either the link member or the main engaging element body, and to elastically hold the elastic body between the link member and the main engaging element body. Alternatively, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to fasten the elastic body to at least one of the link member and the main engaging element body. According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible for at least one of the link member and the main engaging element body to have a seating surface for stabilizing the contact position of the elastic body in a portion that comes in contact with the elastic body. According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible for the elastic body to include a pair of elastic bodies. In this case, the pair of elastic bodies can be arranged on both sides of the link member in a second direction orthogonal to both the first direction and the axial direction of the pressed surface. Note that the engaging element may include a pair of engaging elements or may include three or more engaging elements; and, in these cases, it is possible for the elastic body to include a pair of elastic bodies for each engaging element. According to one aspect of the present invention, the elastic force applied to the link member from each elastic body of the pair of elastic bodies may have a component in a direction toward the pressed surface in the first direction, and may have a component in a direction toward the input-side engaging portion in the second direction. In this case, of the elastic force applied to the link member from each elastic body of the pair of elastic bodies, the components in directions toward the input-side engaging portion in the second direction may cancel each other out. According to one aspect of the present invention, the main engaging element body may include: a pair of main body plates that are coupled together and arranged so as to overlap in the axial direction of the pressed surface; and a pivot-support shaft, with both side portions in the axial direction of the pivot-support shaft being supported by the pair of main body plates. In this case, the pair of main body plates may have the pressing surface and the output-side engaged portion, the pivot-supporting portion may be configured by the pivot-support shaft, the link member may be arranged between the pair of main body plates, and in the first end portion, may have a support hole into which the pivot-support shaft can be loosely inserted. In a neutral state in which rotational torque is not inputted to either the input member or the output member, there may be a gap around the entire circumference between the inner surface of the support hole and the pivot-support shaft. According to one aspect of the present invention, the main engaging element body may further have a pair of intermediate plates held between the pair of main body plates. The pair of intermediate plates may be arranged in a portion between the pair of main body plates on both side portions in the second direction orthogonal to both the first direction and the axial direction of the pressed surface. The pivot-support shaft may be supported in an intermediate portion of the pair of main body plates in the second direction, and the link member may be pivotally arranged in an intermediate portion in the second direction of a portion between the pair of main body plates. According to one aspect of the present invention, the input-side engaging portion may include a pair of input-side engaging portions, and the engaging element may include a pair of engaging elements, wherein the pair of input-side engaging portions and the pair of engaging elements may be arranged so as to sandwich the output-side engaging portion from both sides in the radial direction. In this case, a biasing member may be further provided so as to be arranged in a location separated from the output-side engaging portion in the second direction orthogonal to both the first direction and the axial direction of the pressed surface, and may elastically span between the pair of engaging elements. According to one aspect of the present invention, the elastic body may include a coil spring, a leaf spring, a disc spring or the like. Alternatively, according to one aspect of the present invention, the elastic body may be formed of rubber (for example, silicone rubber). Advantageous Effects of Invention With the reverse-input blocking clutch according to an aspect of the present invention, it is possible to smoothly switch from a locked state or semi-locked state to an unlocked state when rotational torque is inputted to the input member, and without a reduction in controllability of the input-side mechanism for driving the input member.

11320719

BACKGROUND There are several techniques that couple quantum photonics and quantum microwave systems. This includes atomic interface techniques, opto-mechanical techniques, and electro-optic (EO) techniques. For example, EO techniques provide for wide operation bandwidths which are tunable and scalable. This allows the EO technique to modulate an optical input pump by a driving microwave signal which also generates an upper and lower sideband. The lower sideband creates noise upon the conversion process as the conversion of a pump photon into a lower side band photon may generate a microwave photon. To minimize noise, a single sideband (SSB) scheme is implemented. However, in such EO techniques, large microwave voltages (e.g., millivolts) are required to conduct the microwave-to-optical conversion. While, high Q-factor resonators may be used to enhance the EO techniques, such resonators limit the tenability of the conversion process. Currently, there is no effective technique that uses voltages less than millivolts which also reduces noise to conduct optimal microwave-to-optical conversion. Furthermore, there is no effective technique that allows for microwave squeezing over a wide bandwidth at moderate cryogenic temperatures.

11377907

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for containing animals, and in particular to a collapsible wire crate for containing animals. BACKGROUND The use of animal cages is well known in the prior art. Many conventional cages have been developed over the years for housing animals of different sizes, and through the development of these cages flexibility and portability have become points of emphasis. Some conventional cages, for example, have been designed to collapse to a compact position for portability. Others have been designed of light weight and from durable materials. Conventional cages have been designed for ease of transporting an animal. Most conventional cages include at least one door for providing access to the interior of the cage. An animal can enter or exit the cage through the opening when the door is opened, and the animal can be safely contained in the cage when the door is closed. Many conventional cages include a door that is attached to the cage via a hinge. This allows the door to be swung open and closed. A spring activated latch or the like have been incorporated into the design of the door to allow a user to open or securely lock the door. Many of these conventional designs have limitations, however. For instance, the door that is hingedly attached to the cage can be swung open or closed too quickly and scratch or damage another object such as a wall or furniture. Hinged doors also require placement in a location with enough space to allow the door to swing open. This limits where the cage may be placed or stored. In addition, due to the hinged connection, the door may not be able to remain partially opened, i.e., the door is either in an open position or closed position. Therefore, a need exists for an improved animal crate that can be collapsible, portable, and overcomes some of the above-mentioned limitations in the prior art. SUMMARY In a first embodiment of the present disclosure, a door assembly for an animal enclosure is provided. The door assembly includes a door frame having a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires that define an opening for an animal to pass therethrough and enter or exit the interior of the enclosure; a door configured to move between an open position and a closed position relative to the door frame, the door having a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires and being slidably coupled to the door frame to allow egress and ingress through the opening; a latch pivotably coupled to the door, wherein the latch includes a latching mechanism removably coupled to one of the plurality of horizontal wires of the door frame; a first vertical wire and a second vertical wire of the door, the first vertical wire and the second vertical wire being spaced from one another such that the first vertical wire is at a first end of the door and the second vertical wire is at a second end of the door; and a first guide wire and a second guide wire coupled to the door frame; wherein, the first vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the first guide wire between the open and closed positions, and the second vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the second guide wire between the open and closed positions. In one example, the door assembly includes a catch member coupled to the frame, the catch member configured to engage the door in the closed position. In a second example, a first wire of the plurality of horizontal wires of the door has a first end and a second end, the first end being removably engaged to the catch member in the closed position. In a third example, the latch is pivotably coupled about the first wire of the door. In a fourth example, the door frame comprises a first support wire and a second support wire, the first support wire being vertically spaced from the second support wire; and the catch member being coupled to the first support wire and the second support wire. In a fifth example, the latch is formed by a single wire having a first end and a second end, the first end forming a curled end and pivotably coupled to a horizontal wire of the door and the second end being bent and pivotably coupled to the horizontal wire; and the latching mechanism is formed by a bend in the second end of the single wire; further wherein, the latching mechanism is releasably coupleable to any location along the length of the one of the plurality of horizontal wires of the door frame to position the door in the open position, the closed position, and any position therebetween. In a sixth example, the first guide wire and the second guide wire are bent to form guide openings. In a seventh example, the size of each guide opening is substantially the same and each defines the length or distance of travel of the door. In a seventh example, the first vertical wire comprises a curled first end coupled to the first guide wire and a substantially straight second end; and the second vertical wire comprises a curled first end coupled to the second guide wire and a substantially straight second end. In an eighth example, the door assembly includes a third guide wire coupled to the door frame; and a fourth guide wire coupled to the door frame; wherein, the substantially straight second end of the first vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the third guide wire, and the substantially straight second end of second vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the fourth guide wire. In a ninth example, the first guide wire and the second guide wire are coupled near the top of the door frame, and the third guide wire and the fourth guide wire are coupled near the bottom of the door frame. In a tenth example, the third guide wire and the fourth guide wire are bent to form guide openings through which the first and second vertical wires, respectively, move through between the open and closed positions. In another embodiment of this disclosure, an animal crate includes a door frame having a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires that define an opening for an animal to pass therethrough and enter or exit the interior of the animal crate; a door configured to move laterally between an open position and a closed position relative to the door frame, the door having a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires; and at least two mechanisms releasably coupling the door to the door frame in the closed position, where one of the two mechanisms is pivotably coupled to the door and the second of the two mechanisms is affixed to the door frame; wherein, the first of the two mechanisms is releasably coupleable to any location along a length of one of the plurality of horizontal wires of the door frame such that the door is disposable relative to the door frame in the open position, the closed position, or any position therebetween. In one example, the first of the two mechanisms comprises a latch pivotably coupled to the door, wherein the latch is pivotable between a first position in which the latch is engaged with the one horizontal wire of the door frame and a second position in which the latch is disengaged from the one horizontal wire of the door frame. In a second example, the second of the two mechanisms comprises a catch member coupled to the frame, the catch member configured to engage the door only in the closed position. In a third example, the animal crate includes a first vertical wire and a second vertical wire of the door, the first vertical wire and the second vertical wire being spaced from one another such that the first vertical wire is at a first end of the door and the second vertical wire is at a second end of the door; and a first guide wire and a second guide wire coupled to the door frame; wherein, the first vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the first guide wire between the open and closed positions, and the second vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the second guide wire between the open and closed positions. In a fourth example, the animal crate includes a first wire of the plurality of horizontal wires of the door having a first end and a second end, the first end being elastically bent outwards away from interior of the animal crate; wherein, the first end engages the second of the two mechanisms in the closed position and maintains the door in the closed position until the first end is disengaged from the second of the two mechanisms. In a different embodiment, an animal enclosure includes a top member, a bottom member, and a plurality of side members, wherein the top member, bottom member, and the plurality of side members define an interior of the enclosure; a door frame defined by at least one of the side members, the door frame having a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires that define an opening for an animal to pass therethrough and enter or exit the interior of the enclosure; a door formed by a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires, the door being movable laterally between an open position and a closed position relative to the door frame, wherein the opening is accessible in the open position and inaccessible in the closed position; a first vertical wire and a second vertical wire of the plurality of vertical wires of the door, the first vertical wire and the second vertical wire being spaced from one another such that the first vertical wire is at a first end of the door and the second vertical wire is at a second end of the door; a first guide wire and a second guide wire coupled near a top end of the door frame and a third guide wire and a fourth guide wire coupled near a bottom end of the door frame; and a plurality of mechanisms releasably coupling the door to the door frame in the closed position, where one of the plurality of mechanisms is pivotably coupled to the door and a second of the plurality of mechanisms is affixed to the door frame; wherein, a first end of the first vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the first guide wire between the open and closed positions, and a second end of the first vertical wire is in contact with the third guide wire in the open and closed positions; further wherein, a first end of the second vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the second guide wire between the open and closed positions, and a second end of the second vertical wire is in contact with the fourth guide wire in the open and closed positions. In one example, the one of the plurality of mechanisms comprises a latch pivotably coupled to the door, the latch including a latching mechanism that is releasably coupleable to one of the plurality of horizontal wires of the door frame in the closed position; wherein, the latching mechanism is releasably coupleable to the one horizontal wire of the door frame at any location along its length such that the door is disposable relative to the door frame in the open position, the closed position, or any position therebetween. In a second example, the second of the plurality of mechanisms comprises a catch member coupled to the frame, the catch member defining an opening for receiving an end of one of the plurality of horizontal wires of the door in the closed position. In a further embodiment of the present disclosure, a door assembly for an animal enclosure includes a door frame having a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires that define an opening for an animal to pass therethrough and enter or exit the interior of the enclosure; a door configured to move between an open position and a closed position relative to the door frame, the door having a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires and being slidably coupled to the door frame to allow egress and ingress through the opening; a catch member coupled to the door frame, the catch member formed by a substantially U-shaped wire; a latch comprising a base member, a bolt, and a lever portion, where the bolt is slidably coupled to the base member; a first vertical wire and a second vertical wire of the door, the first vertical wire and the second vertical wire being spaced from one another such that the first vertical wire is at a first end of the door and the second vertical wire is at a second end of the door; and a first guide wire and a second guide wire coupled to the door frame; wherein, the first vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the first guide wire between the open and closed positions, and the second vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the second guide wire between the open and closed positions; further wherein, in the closed position, the bolt is coupled to the first vertical wire. In one example of this embodiment, the bolt includes a single wire forming a substantially straight portion and a bent portion, the bent portion coupling to the first vertical wire in the closed position. In a second example, the bolt is rotatably disposed within at least one bolt opening defined by the base member. In a third example, the bolt is rotatably between a latched position and an unlatch position, the bolt being coupled to the first vertical wire in the latched position; and the bent portion is oriented in a direction away from the door opening in the latched position, and oriented in an upward direction in the unlatched position. In a fourth example, the catch member includes a first end and a second end, the first end and second end spaced from one another and coupled to an outer vertical wire of the door frame. In a fifth example, the catch member is coupled to another vertical wire of the door frame at locations which are spaced horizontally from the first and second ends. In a sixth example, the catch member is partially disposed within a first plane and a second plane, the first plane and second plane being substantially perpendicular to one another. In a seventh example, the first vertical wire includes a substantially U-shaped bend between its two ends, the substantially U-shaped bend forming a recessed area in which the catch member is received in the closed position. In a further example of this embodiment, the door assembly may include a third guide wire coupled to the door frame; and a fourth guide wire coupled to the door frame; wherein, the first vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the third guide wire, and the second vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the fourth guide wire. In yet a further embodiment of the present disclosure, a door assembly for an animal enclosure includes a door frame having a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires that define an opening for an animal to pass therethrough and enter or exit the interior of the enclosure; a door configured to move between an open position and a closed position relative to the door frame, the door having a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires and being slidably coupled to the door frame to allow egress and ingress through the opening; a catch member coupled to the door frame, the catch member having a first end and a second end; a latch comprising a base member, a bolt, and a lever portion, where the bolt is slidably coupled to the base member; a first vertical wire and a second vertical wire of the door, the first vertical wire and the second vertical wire being spaced from one another such that the first vertical wire is at a first end of the door and the second vertical wire is at a second end of the door; and a first guide wire and a second guide wire coupled to the door frame; wherein, the first vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the first guide wire between the open and closed positions, and the second vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the second guide wire between the open and closed positions; further wherein, in the closed position, the bolt is coupled to the first vertical wire. In one example of this embodiment, the first end and second end of the catch member are spaced from one another and coupled to an outer vertical wire of the door frame. In a second example, the first end and second of the catch member are integrally coupled to one another such that the catch member is formed by a single, continuous wire. In a third example, the catch member includes a substantially closed loop design. In a fourth example, the catch member is coupled to another vertical wire of the door frame at locations which are spaced horizontally from the first and second ends. In a fifth example, the bolt includes a single wire forming a substantially straight portion and a bent portion, the bent portion coupling to the first vertical wire in the closed position; and the bolt is rotatably disposed within at least one bolt opening defined by the base member. In a sixth example, the bolt is rotatably between a latched position and an unlatch position, the bolt being coupled to the first vertical wire in the latched position; and the bent portion is oriented in a direction away from the door opening in the latched position, and oriented in an upward direction in the unlatched position. In a seventh example, the catch member is partially disposed within a first plane and a second plane, the first plane and second plane being substantially perpendicular to one another. In an eighth example, the first vertical wire comprises a substantially U-shaped bend between its two ends, the substantially U-shaped bend forming a recessed area in which the catch member is received in the closed position. In another example, the door assembly includes a third guide wire coupled to the door frame; and a fourth guide wire coupled to the door frame; wherein, the first vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the third guide wire, and the second vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the fourth guide wire. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, an animal crate includes a plurality of members including a top member, a bottom member, and a side member, wherein the top member, bottom member and the side member are coupled to one another to define an interior, where each member is formed by a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires; a door frame formed in the side member and include a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires that define an opening for an animal to pass therethrough and enter or exit the interior of the enclosure; a door configured to move between an open position and a closed position relative to the door frame, the door having a plurality of interconnected horizontal and vertical wires and being slidably coupled to the door frame to allow egress and ingress through the opening; a catch member coupled to the door frame, the catch member having a first end and a second end; a latch comprising a base member, a bolt, and a lever portion, where the bolt is slidably coupled to the base member; a first vertical wire and a second vertical wire of the door, the first vertical wire and the second vertical wire being spaced from one another such that the first vertical wire is at a first end of the door and the second vertical wire is at a second end of the door; and a first guide wire and a second guide wire coupled to the door frame; wherein, the first vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the first guide wire between the open and closed positions, and the second vertical wire is coupled to and moves along the second guide wire between the open and closed positions; further wherein, in the closed position, the bolt is coupled to the first vertical wire.

11540269

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) This application is a 371 application of International Application No. PCT/CN2017/091861, filed on Jul. 5, 2017, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the field of communications, and more particularly, to a wireless communication method and device. BACKGROUND In a wireless communication system, a terminal device may send a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) through an SRS resource. A network device may perform, for example, measurement for Channel State Information (CSI) and beam management based on an SRS sent by a terminal. In a future wireless communication system, communication scenarios are various. How to realize reasonable SRS sending to improve communication performance is an urgent problem to be solved. SUMMARY Implementations of the present disclosure provide a wireless communication method and device, which can realize that a terminal device flexibly selects a resource utilization scheme used for transmitting an SRS on a time domain resource unit. In a first aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, including: determining, by a terminal device, at least one time domain resource unit occupied for performing SRS transmission on an SRS resource; determining, by the terminal device, a resource utilization scheme used for transmitting an SRS on the at least one time domain resource unit; and performing, by the terminal device, the SRS transmission on the at least one time domain resource unit according to the determined resource utilization scheme. In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation of the first aspect, the resource utilization scheme is a scheme by which the terminal device utilizes a frequency domain resource, a transmit antenna and/or a transmit beam in case of performing the SRS transmission on the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, the mode of utilizing the frequency domain resource, the antenna and/or the transmit beam includes a switching mode of at least one of the frequency domain resource, the sending antenna or the transmit beam in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, the mode of utilizing the frequency domain resource, the antenna and/or the transmit beam indicates whether at least one of the frequency domain resource, the sending antenna or the transmit beam is switched on the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, the resource utilization scheme includes: performing resource hopping on frequency domain resources in the at least one time domain resource unit; or, switching a sending antenna in the at least one time domain resource unit; or, switching a transmit beam in the at least one time domain resource unit; or, adopting a same beam and a same frequency domain resource for transmission in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, switching the sending antenna in the at least one time domain resource unit includes: switching the sending antenna within a same antenna panel in the at least one time domain resource unit; or performing switching between different antenna panels in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, determining, by the terminal device, the resource utilization scheme used for transmitting the SRS in the at least one time domain resource unit, includes: determining, by the terminal device, the resource utilization scheme according to a parameter configuration of the SRS resource. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, the parameter configuration of the SRS resource includes a configuration of the resource utilization scheme by the network device for transmitting the SRS on the at least one time domain resource unit; and determining, by the terminal device, the resource utilization scheme according to the parameter configuration of the SRS resource, includes: determining, by the terminal device, the resource utilization scheme according to the configuration of the resource utilization scheme by the network device for transmitting the SRS on the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, determining, by the terminal device, the resource utilization scheme according to the parameter configuration of the SRS resource, includes: determining, by the terminal device, the resource utilization scheme according to a configuration of at least one of the following: a transmission bandwidth of the SRS resource; a quantity of antenna ports for performing the SRS transmission on the SRS resource; a quantity of the at least one time domain resource unit occupied by the SRS resource; a persistent scheme of transmitting the SRS on the SRS resource; an SRS resource hopping configuration of the SRS resource; an interval of subcarriers occupied for transmitting the SRS on the SRS resource; an SRS type of the SRS resource. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, the persistent scheme of transmitting the SRS on the SRS resource includes a periodic transmission scheme, a semi-persistent transmission scheme, or an aperiodic transmission scheme. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, the SRS type of the SRS resource is: an SRS for Channel State Information (CSI) measurement; or an SRS for beam management. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, in case that the quantity of antenna ports for performing the SRS transmission on the SRS resource is less than a first predetermined value, the determined resource utilization scheme is switching a sending antenna in the at least one time domain resource unit; or in case that the quantity of antenna ports for performing the SRS transmission on the SRS resource is greater than or equal to a second predetermined value, the determined resource utilization scheme is not switching a sending antenna in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, in case that a value of the SRS resource hopping configuration of the SRS resource is a first value, the determined resource utilization scheme is performing resource hopping on frequency domain resources in the at least one time domain resource unit; or in case that a value of the SRS resource hopping configuration of the SRS resource is not the first value, the determined resource utilization scheme is: switching a sending antenna in the at least one time domain resource unit; or, switching a transmit beam in the at least one time domain resource unit; or, adopting a same beam and a same frequency domain resource for transmission in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the first aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, after performing, by the terminal device, the SRS transmission on the at least one time domain resource unit, the method further includes: receiving, by the terminal device, a target time domain resource unit in the at least one time domain resource unit indicated by the network device. In combination with the first aspect or any of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the first aspect, the time domain resource unit is a OFDM symbol, a time slot, a mini time slot or a subframe. In a second aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, including:determining, by a network device, at least one time domain resource unit for performing Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) reception on an SRS resource; determining, by the network device, a resource utilization scheme used by the terminal device to transmit an SRS in the at least one time domain resource unit; receiving, by the network device, the SRS transmitted by the terminal device on the at least one time domain resource unit according to the determined resource utilization scheme. In combination with the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the resource utilization scheme is a scheme by which the terminal device utilizes a frequency domain resource, a transmit antenna and/or a transmit beam in case of performing SRS transmission on the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, the mode of utilizing the frequency domain resource, the antenna and/or the transmit beam includes: a switching mode of at least one of the frequency domain resource, the sending antenna or the transmit beam in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, the mode of utilizing the frequency domain resource, the antenna and/or the transmit beam indicates: whether at least one of the frequency domain resource, the sending antenna or the transmit beam is switched in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the second aspect or any above possible implementation thereof, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, the resource utilization scheme includes: performing resource hopping on frequency domain resources in the at least one time domain resource unit; or, switching a sending antenna in the at least one time domain resource unit; or, switching a transmit beam in the at least one time domain resource unit; or, adopting a same beam and a same frequency domain resource for transmission in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, switching the sending antenna in the at least one time domain resource unit, includes: switching the sending antenna within a same antenna panel in the at least one time domain resource unit; or performing switching between different antenna panels in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, determining, by the network device, the resource utilization scheme used by the terminal device to transmit the SRS in the at least one time domain resource unit, includes: determining, by the network device, the resource utilization scheme according to a parameter configuration of the SRS resource. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, the parameter configuration of the SRS resource includes a configuration of the resource utilization scheme by the network device for transmitting the SRS on the at least one time domain resource unit; determining, by the network device, the resource utilization scheme according to the parameter configuration of the SRS resource, includes: determining, by the network device, the resource utilization scheme, according to the configuration of the resource utilization scheme by the network device for transmitting the SRS on the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, determining, by the network device, the resource utilization scheme according to the parameter configuration of the SRS resource, includes: determining, by the network device, the resource utilization scheme according to a configuration of at least one of the following: a transmission bandwidth of the SRS resource; a quantity of antenna ports for performing the SRS transmission on the SRS resource; a quantity of the at least one time domain resource unit occupied by the SRS resource; a persistent scheme of transmitting the SRS on the SRS resource; an SRS resource hopping configuration of the SRS resource; an interval of subcarriers occupied for transmitting the SRS on the SRS resource; an SRS type of the SRS resource. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, the persistent scheme of transmitting the SRS on the SRS resource includes: a periodic transmission scheme, a semi-persistent transmission scheme or an aperiodic transmission scheme. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, the SRS type of the SRS resource is: an SRS for Channel State Information (CSI) measurement; or an SRS for beam management. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, in case that the quantity of antenna ports for performing the SRS transmission on the SRS resource is less than a first predetermined value, the determined resource utilization scheme is switching a sending antenna in the at least one time domain resource unit; or in case that the quantity of antenna ports for performing the SRS transmission on the SRS resource is greater than or equal to a second predetermined value, the determined resource utilization scheme is not switching a sending antenna in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, in case that a value of the SRS resource hopping configuration of the SRS resource is a first value, the determined resource utilization scheme is performing resource hopping on frequency domain resources in the at least one time domain resource unit; or in case that a value of the SRS resource hopping configuration of the SRS resource is not the first value, the determined resource utilization scheme is: switching a sending antenna in the at least one time domain resource unit; or, switching a transmit beam in the at least one time domain resource unit; or, adopting a same beam and a same frequency domain resource for transmission in the at least one time domain resource unit. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, after receiving, by the network device, the SRS transmitted by the terminal device on the at least one time domain resource unit, the method further includes: indicating, by the network device, a target time domain resource unit in the at least one time domain resource unit to the terminal device, according to a reception result of the SRS. In combination with the second aspect or any one of the above-mentioned possible implementations, in another possible implementation of the second aspect, the time domain resource unit is a OFDM symbol, a time slot, a mini time slot or a subframe. In a third aspect, a terminal device is provided, which is used for performing the method in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. The terminal device includes functional modules used for executing the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect described above. In a fourth aspect, a network device is provided, which is used for performing the method in the above second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect. The network device includes functional modules for executing the method in the second aspect or in any possible implementation of the second aspect described above. In a fifth aspect, a terminal device is provided, which includes a processor, a memory, and a transceiver. The processor, the memory, and the transceiver communicate with each other through internal connection paths to transfer control and/or data signals, so that the terminal device implements the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect described above. In a sixth aspect, a network device is provided, which includes a processor, a memory, and a transceiver. The processor, the memory, and the transceiver communicate with each other through internal connection paths to transfer control and/or data signals, so that the network device implements the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect described above. In a seventh aspect, a computer readable medium for storing a computer program is provided. The computer program includes instructions for executing any method or any possible implementation of the method described above. In an eighth aspect, a computer program product containing instructions is provided. In case of running on a computer, the computer program product causes the computer to execute any method or the method in any possible implementation described above.

11527311

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to manage services for supporting and managing the emerging digital home, and more particularly, to a gateway appliance for providing managed services to the home. BACKGROUND The digital home is now becoming more complex with the myriad of new and emerging digital devices intended to address many user and consumer needs such as communication, entertainment, privacy, and security, etc. However, given the complexity of the emerging digital home and digital environments generally, users who are technologically challenged may find it a daunting and intimidating task to manage their home networks and interconnected digital devices. Moreover, new paradigms are emerging oriented to delivering media content to and the consuming of media content at the home. The protection of received Internet-sourced media content in additional to user-generated media content is additionally an important aspect that may be inadequately addressed by the technologically challenged user. Furthermore, with respect to Internet based data while most of the content delivery solutions are provided to the digital home networks through availability of the “two-foot” interface (i.e., the PC), it is relatively cumbersome to bring this content to the “ten-foot” interface (e.g., the television). In addition to hardware limitations, there is a lack of meaningful direction and “coaching” leveraging new information technology that are now becoming available for use in the home or small enterprise, thereby limiting the ability of the user to improve their lives, make the “right” decisions, or meet domain-specific objectives such as smarter nutrition, meeting exercise targets, medication regimen conformance, disciplined financial actions, etc., with the explosion of connected devices, personal and home sensors, and access to user and family data provides improved self-visibility of behavior and performance to the user. Existing solutions and services (home automation, energy management, media services, exercise, e-health solutions, financial management program, presence programs, etc.) are “siloed”, not integrated, with other aspects of the user's life, don't fully leverage the influence of social media friends, don't enable users to develop personalized objectives, and don't provide expert-level coaching. At the same time, users are exposed to advertising and offers/incentives that may or may not be relevant to the moment, and may not be complementary to the users' overarching objectives, and may compromise a users' private and confidential information. What is needed are solutions for providing managed services for supporting and managing the emerging digital home including providing a gateway appliance that can offer managed services to its users to include incorporation of a causation and correlation engine abilities that enable broader services for users. SUMMARY In accordance with features of the present invention, solutions are provided for providing managed services for supporting and managing the emerging digital home including providing a gateway appliance that can offer managed services to its users to include incorporation of a causation and correlation engine abilities that enable broader services for users. Examples of areas where useful objectives may be established include: Financial Objectives, Health/Medical Objectives, Exercise Objectives, Nutrition Objectives, Advertising Objectives, Home Security Objectives, Purchasing Objectives, Energy Conservation Objectives, etc. In accordance with features of the present invention, a media manager residing at a user can include a video retrieval module operable to retrieve and capture video activity of at least one media display device as a video activity stream, and a media management module coupled to the video retrieval module and the at least one media display device is operable to receive the video activity stream. The media management module can be further operable to receive a user command to view the video activity stream at a selected other media display device coupled to the media management module, and direct the video activity stream to the selected other media display device. In accordance with features of the present invention, a gateway device residing at a user premises can include an application service module having at least one application, the application service module residing on a user premises side of a network service provider demarcation, a user module having a user interface that can be associated with the at least one application, wherein the user module enables bi-directional communications with at least one media player device, a network module having the connection that enables bi-directional communications with a remote service manager, a video retrieval module operable to retrieve and capture video activity of at least one media display device as a video activity stream, and a media management module coupled to the video retrieval module and the at least one media display device, and being operable to receive the video activity stream. The media management module can be further operable to receive a user command to view the video activity stream at a selected other media display device coupled to the media management module, and direct the video activity stream to the selected other media display device. The gateway device may have router functionality integrated within the gateway or the router functionality may be provided by a separate physical device within the premise. In accordance with features of the present invention, a media manager can include a tuner coupled to at least one media source operable to selectively receive at least one media stream of at least one type of media content, a media processor coupled to the tuner and operable to receive the at least one media stream and convert the media stream to a predetermined data format, the at least one media stream comprising metadata, a media management module coupled to the media processor and operable to receive the at least one media stream in the predetermined data format, and direct the media stream to a first predetermined media player device coupled to the media processor. The media management module is operable to receive a selection of a media content by a first user from a first predetermined media player device to determine whether the metadata of the selected media content comprises user control parameters associated therewith, to send a notification to a second predetermined media player device to obtain permission, and to stream the selected media content to the first predetermined media player device only in response to receiving permission from a second user with authority over the user control parameters. In accordance with features of the present invention, a method of monitoring activity on a first media display device at a user premises can include receiving, at a gateway device, a stream of media content in response to a first user's request input at a first media display device, the media content comprising metadata, sending to a second media display device a notification with predetermined elements of the metadata seeking authorization to stream the media content to the first media display device, and streaming the requested media content to the first media display device only in response to an authorization notification being received by the gateway device. The gateway device comprises a LAN connection by which the gateway can be coupled to media display devices and a media storage device, and an application service module enabling the gateway device to receive and stream media to selected media display devices associated with the gateway device and to send and receive digital notification to and from the media display devices. In accordance with features of the present invention, a gateway device for operation at a user premise can have at least one endpoint device associated with the gateway device, the gateway device being in communication with a remote service manager, the gateway device can include an application service module having at least one application, the application service module being remotely managed by a remote service manager via a connection, a user module having a user interface that can be associated with the at least one application, wherein the user module enables bi-directional communications with the at least one endpoint device, a network module having the connection that enables bi-directional communications with the remote service manager, and a processor coupled to the user module, application service module, and network module, wherein the processor comprises an accessibility testing module operable to verify network signaling accessibility to the gateway device by at least one remote endpoint device. In accordance with features of the present invention, a method of verifying network signaling accessibility to a first gateway device by at least one remote device can be provided, where the method can include sending a message regarding access details to the at least one remote device coupled via a WAN to the first gateway device, testing accessibility using a publicly available communication protocol, sending the results of the accessibility test information to the first gateway device, and if the test is successful, updating data on a storage device coupled to the first gateway device. In accordance with features of the present invention, a system having at least one remote service manager coupled to a network can be provided. The system can further have at least one gateway device disposed at a user premises and in communication with the at least one remote service manager through a network module coupled to the network. The at least one gateway device having at least one application performing traditional central office functions for voice services and logically positioned on the user premises side of the network service provider demarcation. The system can also have at least one endpoint device disposed at the user premises and in communication through a user module with the at least one gateway device. The at least one endpoint device can be operable to generate, through the at least one gateway device, a message by executing the at least one application performing traditional central office functions for voice services. Furthermore, the system has a voice service manager disposed at the at least one remote service manager, the voice manager being configured to deliver the message from the network to a second network. The at least one gateway device can be operable to enable, under the control of the at least one remote service manager, the at least one endpoint device to generate, maintain, and terminate the message. In accordance with features of the present invention, a method can be provided for enabling an endpoint device to communicate through at least one gateway device to conduct a telephone call wherein traditional central office based functions for voice services associated with the telephone call have been moved to the user premises. The method can involve configuring the at least one gateway device at a user premises by a remote service manager through a network module connected to a network with at least one application supporting traditional central office based functions for voice services. Furthermore, the method can include enabling the at least one gateway device to execute the at least one application supporting traditional central office based functions for voice services and disposed on the user premises side of a network service provider demarcation. Also, the method can include detecting and configuring a first endpoint device associated with the at least one gateway device capable of supporting voice services by the at least one gateway device, the first endpoint device executing the at least one application supporting traditional central office based functions for voice services. Additionally, the method can involve communicating through a user module by the first endpoint device with the at least one gateway device to access the at least one application supporting traditional central office based functions for voice services. The method can also include managing voice services through the remote service manager to enable the first endpoint device to communicate with a second endpoint device.

11357788

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates in general to the field of gene knockdown of in reduction of neurodegeneration. Particularly, the present invention relates to the development of methods for treating and/or preventing a neurodegenerative disorder by knocking down Nuclear Paraspeckle Assembly Transcript 1 (NEAT1) and methods for screening candidate of reducing neurodegeneration and/or TDP43 associated aggregation and/or treating and/or preventing a neurodegenerative disorder. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by progressive loss of motor neurons (MNs) in the brain, brain stem and spinal cord. The pathological mechanisms proposed for ALS are still unknown, but alteration of microenvironment of motor neurons is caused by protein aggregation, RNA processing, metal imbalance, oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondria dysfunction, glial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and fragmental Golgi apparatus. For the past decades, the devastating motor neuron disease ALS has been intensively studied for discovering causes and developing cures. Transgenic rodent models have been generated for studying disease pathogenesis and developing therapeutic drugs. Although there are several drugs available, the effects are still limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to unravel this complexity for potential therapeutic strategies. Current ALS modeling systems for drug development are not sufficient for drug development. Lack of access to patient motor neurons has held back drug development for ALS. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been used for benefit in human development as well as disease modeling. Thus, human inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will overcome the drawback and provides a remarkable potential in medicine and offer added the knowledge in ALS. Several issues of in vitro cell induction have hampered ALS disease modeling. There are some technological challenges in reprogramming. The capabilities of recapitulated ALS-disease phenotypes are inconsistent between research groups and cellular batches due to variable cell population. To eliminate variability, lineage-specific reporters provide real-time observation for cell-lineage tracing and downstream analysis. Conventional reporters have been extensively exploited for monitoring transcriptional regulation; however, a lack of chromatin complex and regulatory elements has constrained the studies of transcriptional machinery. Genome editing provides a tool for targeting specific gene locus in vivo through double strand breaks followed by homologous recombination. Precise targeting has improved by using paired guide RNAs and double nicking mediated by CRISPR-Cas9. Genetic correction of disease mutations have been established and rescued disease phenotypes in β-haemoglobinopathy, Parkinson's diseases and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In ALS modeling systems, the genetic mutations of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) have been corrected to identify novel disease pathogenesis for immense therapeutic potential. The common pathological hallmark of ALS is TDP-43 proteinopathy, and cytoplasmic TDP43 inclusions are coupled to striking loss of nuclear TDP43. This proteinopathy was also found in other neurodegenerative disease including TDP-43 positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Lagier-Tourenne, C. and D. W. Cleveland,Rethinking ALS: the FUS about TDP-43. Cell,2009. 136(6): p. 1001-4). TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43; MIM*605078; 43 kDa; chromosome 1 p36.2) is a nuclear RNA binding protein shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm involving in transcription, RNA metabolism and processing. The pathological role of TDP-43 is still unknown; however, cytoplasmic TDP43 accumulation and aggregation has been proposed to be the underlying mechanism of cellular dysfunction and death in this group of disorders (Paez-Colasante, X., et al.,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutics in the epigenomic era. Nat Rev Neurol,2015. 11(5): p. 266-79). In consideration of understanding the pathogenesis of TDP43, the pathways involved in TDP43 nucleocytoplasmic transport have been explored and disrupted in ALS patient brain tissues with C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeats expansion (GGGGCC) due to physical interaction of RanGAP1. Moreover, the oligomers of TDP-43 have been detected in ALS and FTLD-TDP post-mortem sections. Therefore, understanding TDP-43 associated pathogenesis would be beneficial for early detection and drug developments (Shimonaka, S., et al.,Templated Aggregation of TAR DNA-binding Protein of43kDa(TDP-43)by Seeding with TDP-43Peptide Fibrils. J Biol Chem,2016. 291(17): p. 8896-907). Untangling TDP43 aggregation has become one of the major focuses for developing ALS therapeutic treatment. Recently, several cell-free systems have been established for exploring aggregation of RNA binding proteins with low complexity domains including TDP43, FUS and so on (Ryan, V. H., et al.,Mechanistic View of hnRNPA2Low-Complexity Domain Structure, Interactions, and Phase Separation Altered by Mutation and Arginine Methylation. Mol Cell,2018. 69(3): p. 465-479 e7). So far, TDP43 self-seeding has been well-established and confirmed in cell systems. Both detergent resistant aggregates and cleaved TDP43 can promote TDP43 aggregation/inclusion, fibrillation and promote further cell death (Shimonaka, S., et al.,Templated Aggregation of TAR DNA-binding Protein of43kDa(TDP-43)by Seeding with TDP-43Peptide Fibrils. J Biol Chem,2016. 291(17): p. 8896-907). However, there is still no effective target for preventing TDP43 aggregation or mislocalization. Advances in next generation sequencing, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered play a role in various biological functions and may be useful for disease treatments. In fact, many microRNAs and noncoding RNA have been shown associated with human diseases. Several lncRNAs have shown the potential for neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy (Lourenco, G. F., et al.,Long noncoding RNAs in TDP-43and FUS/TLS-related frontotemporal lobar degeneration(FTLD).Neurobiol Dis,2015. 82: p. 445-54). Both ALS/FTLD-related TDP43 and FTLD-related FUS have shown interaction and regulation with lncRNAs and micro RNAs. FUS, another RNP involved in ALS, has been studied as a regulator of circRNA biogenesis (Errichelli, L., et al.,FUS affects circular RNA expression in murine embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons. Nat Commun,2017. 8: p. 14741). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure provides a method of reducing neurodegeneration and/or TDP43 associated aggregation, comprising knocking down the expression of Nuclear Paraspeckle Assembly Transcript 1 (NEAT1) or LncRNA NEAT1. The present disclosure also provides a method of selecting a gene of interest associated with neurodegeneration and/or TDP43 associated aggregation, comprising providing iPSCs from a subject having TDP43-M337V mutation, differentiating the iPSCs to motor neuron cells, knocking out the gene of interest in the motor neuron cells, and determining the TDP43 associated aggregation in the motor neuron cells, wherein the elevated level of TDP43 associated aggregation indicates the likelihood that the gene of interest involves in neurodegeneration. In one embodiment, gene of interest can be knocked out by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated proteins (Cas) system, in which at least two vectors are used to respectively transport a Cas enzyme and RNAs that hybridize with the target sequences in genomic loci of the nucleic acid, into the cell. The present disclosure provides a method for screening a candidate agent that reduces neurodegeneration and/or TDP43 associated aggregation in a cell, the method comprising: (a) contacting a cell with a candidate drug, and (b) assessing expression level of NEAT1 or LncRNA NEAT1 in the cell, wherein if the expression level of NEAT1 or LncRNA NEAT1 in the cell is lower than that in an untreated cell, then the candidate agent reduces neurodegeneration and/or TDP43 associated aggregation. The candidate agent has potential to treat or prevent a neurodegenerative disorder, delay or prevent the onset of a neurodegenerative disorder or reduce a risk for developing a neurodegenerative disorder. The present disclosure also provides a method of treating or preventing a neurodegenerative disorder, delaying or preventing the onset of a neurodegenerative disorder or reducing a risk for developing a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an agent that knocks down, downregulates or inhibit NEAT1 expression; or an agent inhibiting, silencing or downregulating LncRNA NEAT1. The present disclosure also provides a method for determining whether a subject is suffering from, or at a risk of developing a neurodegenerative disorder, comprising measuring the presence of cytoplasmic NEAT1 in a biological sample, wherein the presence is indicative of the risk of developing a neurodegenerative disorder. One certain embodiment of the agent is a short nucleic acid molecule.

11434808

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-079558 filed on Apr. 28, 2020, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field The present disclosure relates to a controller of a fan coupling device. 2. Description of Related Art A fan coupling device executes feedback control of deviation between actual rotation speed and target rotation speed of a fan so as to regulate the amount of working fluid in a labyrinth chamber provided in some part of a working chamber of the fan coupling device. For example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2019-007429 (JP 2019-007429 A), integral control in feedback control is stopped when the deviation is equal to or greater than a threshold. SUMMARY In the technology of JP 2019-007429 A, even when the deviation is small, the integral control is not stopped if the amount of the working fluid in the labyrinth chamber is large. In this case, there are possibilities that the responsiveness of the fan may deteriorate, and hunting, steep fall, or the like, of the rotation speed of the fan may occur. Accordingly, an object of the present embodiment is to provide a controller of a fan coupling device in which deterioration of responsiveness is restrained. The above object can be accomplished by a controller of a fan coupling device. The fan coupling device includes a drive shaft, a rotor, a housing, a fan, a labyrinth chamber, and a regulation mechanism. The drive shaft is rotationally driven. The rotor is coupled to the drive shaft. The housing is configured to house the rotor, the housing being supported so as to be rotatable relative to the rotor. The fan is fixed to the housing. The labyrinth chamber is formed between the housing and the rotor in the housing and configured to transmit rotational motive power of the rotor to the housing through working fluid. The regulation mechanism is configured to regulate the amount of the working fluid in the labyrinth chamber. The controller includes: an acquisition unit; and a control unit. The acquisition unit is configured to acquire a deviation between an estimated amount and a target amount of the working fluid in the labyrinth chamber, and a fluid amount parameter corresponding to the estimated amount. The control unit is configured to execute feedback control including at least integral control of the deviation so as to control the regulation mechanism. When the fluid amount parameter is equal to or greater than a threshold, the control unit executes the feedback control in a state where the integral control is sopped. The object can also be accomplished by a controller of a fan coupling device. The fan coupling device includes a drive shaft, a rotor, a housing, a fan, a labyrinth chamber, and a regulation mechanism. The drive shaft is rotationally driven. The rotor is coupled to the drive shaft. The housing is configured to house the rotor, the housing being supported so as to be rotatable relative to the rotor. The fan is fixed to the housing. The labyrinth chamber is formed between the housing and the rotor in the housing and configured to transmit rotational motive power of the rotor to the housing through working fluid. The regulation mechanism is configured to regulate the amount of the working fluid in the labyrinth chamber. The controller includes: an acquisition unit; and a control unit. The acquisition unit is configured to acquire a deviation parameter corresponding to a deviation between an actual rotation speed and a target rotation speed of the fan, and a fluid amount parameter corresponding to the estimated amount of the working fluid in the labyrinth chamber. The control unit is configured to execute feedback control including integral control of the deviation parameter so as to control the regulation mechanism. When the fluid amount parameter is equal to or greater than a threshold, the control unit executes the feedback control in a state where the integral control is stopped. The control unit may set such that the threshold increases as the rotation speed of the drive shaft increases in a range where the rotation speed of the drive shaft is equal to or less than a prescribed value. The control unit may set such that the threshold lowers as the rotation speed of the drive shaft increases in a range where the rotation speed of the drive shaft is larger than the prescribed value. The acquisition unit may acquire the estimated amount by calculating the estimated amount based on the rotation speed of the drive shaft and the rotation speed of the fan in consideration of the moment of inertia of the fan and the housing. The acquisition unit may acquire the estimated amount by calculating the estimated amount based on an engagement ratio obtained by dividing the rotation speed of the fan by the rotation speed of the drive shaft. The fluid amount parameter may be the estimated amount. The fluid amount parameter may be an engagement ratio obtained by dividing the rotation speed of the fan by the rotation speed of the drive shaft. The present embodiment can provide a controller of a fan coupling device in which deterioration of responsiveness is restrained.

11325603

TECHNICAL FIELD The subject matter described herein generally relates to vehicles and, more particularly, to systems and methods for estimating lane geometry. BACKGROUND In vehicular navigation, situations sometimes arise in which map data is unavailable, outdated, or otherwise in error. In such situations, a vehicle can generate its own map of the environment in the vicinity of the vehicle based on sensor data. Part of generating a map on the fly is estimating the geometry of the lanes of a roadway. This can include estimating roadway centerlines, roadway boundaries, lane midlines, lane boundary lines, and lane curvature. SUMMARY An example of a system for estimating lane geometry is presented herein. The system comprises one or more sensors, one or more processors, and a memory communicably coupled to the one or more processors. The memory stores a detection module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to receive sensor data from the one or more sensors. The detection module also includes instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to detect a road agent based on the sensor data. The detection module also includes instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to detect, based on the sensor data, that the road agent has performed a lane shift from a first lane of a roadway to a second lane of the roadway. The memory also stores an estimation module including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to estimate a boundary line between the first lane of the roadway and the second lane of the roadway based, at least in part, on the detected lane shift. Another embodiment is a non-transitory computer-readable medium for estimating lane geometry and storing instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to receive sensor data from one or more sensors. The instructions also cause the one or more processors to detect a road agent based on the sensor data. The instructions also cause the one or more processors to detect, based on the sensor data, that the road agent has performed a lane shift from a first lane of a roadway to a second lane of the roadway. The instructions also cause the one or more processors to estimate a boundary line between the first lane of the roadway and the second lane of the roadway based, at least in part, on the detected lane shift. In another embodiment, a method of estimating lane geometry is disclosed. The method comprises receiving sensor data from one or more sensors. The method also includes detecting a road agent based on the sensor data. The method also includes detecting, based on the sensor data, that the road agent has performed a lane shift from a first lane of a roadway to a second lane of the roadway. The method also includes estimating a boundary line between the first lane of the roadway and the second lane of the roadway based, at least in part, on the detected lane shift.

11256213

RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/222,990, entitled “Holographic In-Field Illuminator” filed Dec. 17, 2018, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/222,993, entitled “Wide-Field Holographic Pattern Generation for Head-Mounted Display (HMD) Eye Tracking” filed Dec. 17, 2018, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/222,997, entitled “Holographic Pattern Generation for Head-Mounted Display (HMD) Eye Tracking Using a Lens Array” filed Dec. 17, 2018, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/223,023, entitled “Holographic Pattern Generation for Head-Mounted Display (HMD) Eye Tracking Using a Prism Array” filed Dec. 17, 2018, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/223,030, entitled “Holographic Pattern Generation for Head-Mounted Display (HMD) Eye Tracking Using a Diffractive Optical Element” filed Dec. 17, 2018, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/223,033, entitled “Holographic Pattern Generation for Head-Mounted Display (HMD) Eye Tracking Using a Fiber Exposure” filed Dec. 17, 2018. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. TECHNICAL FIELD This relates generally to display devices, and more specifically to head-mounted display devices. BACKGROUND Head-mounted display devices (also called herein head-mounted displays or headsets) are gaining popularity as means for providing visual information to a user. For example, the head-mounted display devices are used for virtual reality and augmented reality operations. However, the size and weight of conventional head-mounted displays have limited applications of head-mounted displays. SUMMARY Accordingly, there is a need for head-mounted displays that are compact and light, thereby enhancing the user's virtual-reality and/or augmented reality experience. In particular, conventional head-mounted display devices (e.g., conventional head-mounted display devices configured for augmented reality operations) project images over a large area around an eye of a user in order to provide a wide field of view in all gaze-directions (e.g., in order to deal with pupil steering). However, projecting images over a large area leads to reduced brightness of the projected images. Compensating for the reduced brightness typically requires a high intensity light source, which is typically large and heavy, and has high power consumption. There is a need for eye-tracking systems for determining a position of a pupil of an eye in order to project images over a reduced area toward the pupil of the eye. Such system, in turn, allows compact, light, and low power-consumption head-mounted displays. In addition, in some cases, the content displayed by the head-mounted displays needs to be updated based on a gaze direction of a user, which also requires eye-tracking systems for determining the position of the pupil of the eye. One approach to track movements of an eye is to illuminate a surface of the eye, and detect reflections of the illuminated patterns off the surface of the eye (e.g., glints). In order to avoid occluding a field-of-view of a user, the light source for illuminating the surface of the eye is typically positioned away from the field-of view. However, eye tracking with such illumination has challenges, such as having to take into account a variety of eye reliefs, eye lid occlusions, iris sizes and inter pupillary distances of different users. Therefore, there is a need for eye-tracking systems with in-field (e.g., in-field-of-view) illumination without occluding the field-of-view. The above deficiencies and other problems associated with conventional eye-tracking systems are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed systems with in-field illumination of the eye. In accordance with some embodiments, an eye-tracking system includes a holographic illuminator that includes a light source configured to provide light and a holographic medium optically coupled with the light source. The holographic medium is configured to receive the light provided from the light source and project a plurality of separate light patterns concurrently toward an eye. The eye-tracking system also includes a detector configured to detect a reflection of at least a subset of the plurality of separate light patterns, reflected off the eye, for determining a location of a pupil of the eye. In accordance with some embodiments, a head-mounted display device includes one or more optical elements, one or more displays configured to project light through or off of the one or more optical elements, and the eye-tracking system described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a method for determining a location of a pupil of an eye includes providing light with a light source; receiving, with a holographic medium optically coupled with the light source, the light provided by the light source; and projecting, with the holographic medium, a plurality of separate light patterns concurrently toward an eye. The method also includes detecting, with a detector, a reflection of at least a subset of the plurality of separate light patterns reflected off the eye of the wearer. The method further includes determining, based on the reflection of at least the subset of the plurality of separate light patterns reflected off the eye, a location of a pupil of the eye. In accordance with some embodiments, a method includes providing light from a light source and separating the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The method also includes transmitting the first portion of the light through a first set of optical elements to provide a first wide-field beam, transmitting the second portion of the light through a second set of optical elements to provide a second wide-field beam that is spatially separated from the first wide-field beam, and transmitting the second wide-field beam through a third set of optical elements to provide a plurality of separate light patterns. The method further includes concurrently projecting the first wide-field beam and the plurality of separate light patterns onto an optically recordable medium to form a holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a system for making a holographic medium includes a light source configured to provide light and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam, a second set of optical elements configured to transmit the second portion of the light for providing a second wide-field beam, and a third set of optical elements optically coupled with the second set of optical elements and configured to transmit the second wide-field beam for providing a plurality of separate light patterns onto an optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a system for making a holographic medium includes a light source configured to provide light and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium, a second set of optical elements configured to transmit the second portion of the light through for providing a second wide-field beam, and a plurality of lenses optically coupled with the second set of optical elements configured to receive the second wide-field beam and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a method for making a holographic medium includes providing light from a light source and separating the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The method also includes transmitting the first portion of the light through a first set of optical elements to provide a first wide-field beam, transmitting the second portion of the light through a second set of optical elements to provide a second wide-field beam that is spatially separated from the first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium, and transmitting the second wide-field beam through a plurality of lenses to provide a plurality of separate light patterns. The method further includes concurrently projecting the first wide-field beam and the plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium to form the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a system for making a holographic medium includes a light source configured to provide light, and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium, a second set of optical elements configured to transmit the second portion of the light for providing a second wide-field beam, and a plurality of prisms optically coupled with the second set of optical elements and configured to receive the second wide-field beam and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a method for making a holographic medium includes providing light from a light source, and separating the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The method also includes transmitting the first portion of the light through a first set of optical elements to provide a first wide-field beam, transmitting the second portion of the light through a second set of optical elements to provide a second wide-field beam that is spatially separated from the first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium, and transmitting the second wide-field beam through a plurality of prisms to provide a plurality of separate light patterns. The method further includes concurrently projecting the first wide-field beam and the plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium to form the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a system for making a holographic medium includes a light source configured to provide light and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium, a second set of optical elements configured to transmit the second portion of the light for providing a second wide-field beam, and a plurality of parabolic reflectors optically coupled with the second set of optical elements and configured to receive the second wide-field beam and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a method for making a holographic medium includes providing light from a light source, and separating the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The method also includes transmitting the first portion of the light through a first set of optical elements to provide a first wide-field beam, transmitting the second portion of the light through a second set of optical elements to provide a second wide-field beam that is spatially separated from the first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium, and reflecting the second wide-field beam with a plurality of parabolic reflectors to provide a plurality of separate light patterns. The method further includes concurrently projecting the first wide-field beam and reflecting the plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium to form the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a system for making a holographic medium includes a light source configured to provide light and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium and one or more diffractive optical elements configured to receive the second portion of the light and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a method for making a holographic medium includes providing light from a light source and separating the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The method also includes transmitting the first portion of the light through a first set of optical elements to provide a first wide-field beam, transmitting the second portion of the light through one or more diffractive optical elements to provide a plurality of separate light patterns, and concurrently projecting the first wide-field beam and the plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium to form the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a system for making a holographic medium includes a light source configured to provide light and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium and a plurality of optical fibers configured to receive the second portion of the light and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a method for making a holographic medium includes providing light from a light source and separating the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The method also includes transmitting the first portion of the light through a first set of optical elements to provide a first wide-field beam, transmitting the second portion of the light through a plurality of optical fibers to provide a plurality of separate light patterns, and concurrently projecting the first wide-field beam and the plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium to form the holographic medium. In accordance with some embodiments, a holographic medium is made by any of the methods described herein. Thus, the disclosed embodiments provide eye-tracking systems and eye-tracking methods based on holographic media, and devices and methods for making holographic media.

11307706

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field The present application relates to connectors, and in particular, to an FPC connector, a touch-sensitive screen and a display device. 2. Description of Related Art At present, devices such as touch-sensitive screens, LCD displays and OLED displays have been developed toward the trend of thinning, multi-functionality and high performance. Welded-type flexible printed circuits (FPCs) are employed in the traditional LCD screens and touch-sensitive screens. Such FPC has a PIN distance of more than 0.8 mm due to technical limitations, such that no more PINs can be accommodated within a unit width (usually 37 PINs). In this way, it's impossible for multiple interfaces to coexist, and the interfaces are easily subjected to damage during welding the FPC to a mainboard, resulting non-reusability, large waste and also inconvenience in maintenance. Obviously, it cannot meet the needs for development of the above-mentioned devices (e.g., touch-sensitive screens, LCD displays). SUMMARY One object of the present application is to provide an FPC connector, a touch-sensitive screen and a display device, for solving the problems that it's impossible for multiple interfaces to coexist, and that the interfaces are easily subjected to damage during welding the FPC to a mainboard, resulting in non-reusability, large waste and also inconvenience in maintenance. In one embodiment, an FPC connector (referred to as “first FPC connector”) is provided. The FPC connector includes a first insulating layer, a first circuit layer, a second insulating layer, a third insulating layer, and a second circuit layer. The first circuit layer is arranged between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. The first circuit layer includes a number of conductive strips. The third insulating layer is arranged between the first insulating layer and the first circuit layer. The second circuit layer includes a number of conductive strips that are provided on an upper side face of the third insulating layer. Ends of the conductive strips of the second circuit layer pass through the third insulating layer and are correspondingly connected to the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer. The first circuit layer and the second insulating layer each has a forepart extending beyond a front end of each of the first insulating layer, the third insulating layer, and the second circuit layer. The exemplary FPC above has the following advantages. The first insulating layer and the second insulating layer insulate and protect the first circuit layer. High routing density, lightweight, slimness, and flexibility of the first insulating layer, the first circuit layer and the second insulating layer can be achieved to meet the requirement of miniaturization, thinning, and flexibility in space allocation for electronic products. Coexistence of multiple interfaces can be achieved. The PFC is connected to the main board in an inserting manner, which is easier than welding, without damaging the interfaces, and leading to convenience in use, time saving and reusability. The present application can also be improved as follows based on the above technical solution. In one embodiment, the third insulating layer defines a plurality of vias, and the ends of the plurality of conductive strips of the second circuit layer pass through the plurality of vias and are correspondingly connected to the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer. The present application has a further advantage that the vias facilitate the connection of the first circuit layer to the second circuit layer, such that high routing density can be achieved. In one embodiment, foreparts of the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer are arranged in parallel at equal pitches. In one embodiment, a reinforcing plate is provided at an underside of the second insulating layer, a metal layer is disposed on an upper side surface of foreparts of the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer to constitute metal fingers, and the reinforcing plate is positioned right below the metal fingers. The present application has a further advantage that strength of the FPC connector can be enhanced by the reinforcing plate. In one embodiment, the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer and the reinforcing plate are sequentially bonded to one another by thermosetting adhesive and hot pressing. The present application has a further advantage that connections between the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer and the reinforcing plate can be enhanced by the thermosetting adhesive and the hot pressing. In one embodiment, the forepart of the first circuit layer, the forepart of the second insulating layer and the reinforcing plate extend beyond a front end of each of the first insulating layer, the third insulating layer, and the second circuit layer, and are equal in length and width and completely overlap one another. In an alternative embodiment, an FPC connector (referred to as “second FPC connector”) includes a first insulating layer, a first circuit layer, a second insulating layer, a third insulating layer, a second circuit layer, and a reinforcing plate. The first circuit layer is arranged between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. The first circuit layer includes a number of conductive strips. The third insulating layer is arranged between the first insulating layer and the first circuit layer. The second circuit layer includes a number of conductive strips that are provided on an upper side face of the third insulating layer. Ends of the conductive strips of the second circuit layer pass through the third insulating layer and are correspondingly connected to the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer. The first circuit layer, the third insulating layer, and the first insulating layer each has a forepart extending beyond a front end of the second insulating layer. The reinforcing plate is arranged on an upper side face of the first insulating layer. A metal layer is disposed on an under side surface of foreparts of the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer to constitute metal fingers, and the reinforcing plate is positioned right above the metal fingers. In one embodiment, the third insulating layer defines a plurality of vias, and the ends of the plurality of conductive strips of the second circuit layer pass through the plurality of vias and are correspondingly connected to the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer. The present application has a further advantage that the vias facilitate the connection of the first circuit layer to the second circuit layer, such that high routing density can be achieved. In one embodiment, foreparts of the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer are arranged in parallel at equal pitches. In one embodiment, the reinforcing plate, the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer are sequentially bonded to one another by thermosetting adhesive and hot pressing. The present application has a further advantage that connections between the reinforcing plate, the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer can be enhanced by the thermosetting adhesive and the hot pressing. In one embodiment, the forepart of the first circuit layer, the forepart of the third insulating layer, the forepart of the first insulating layer, and the reinforcing plate extend beyond a front end of the second insulating layer, and are equal in length and width and completely overlap one another. In one embodiment, a touch-sensitive screen includes the first FPC connector. In one embodiment, the third insulating layer defines a plurality of vias, and the ends of the plurality of conductive strips of the second circuit layer pass through the plurality of vias and are correspondingly connected to the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer. The present application has a further advantage that the vias facilitate the connection of the first circuit layer to the second circuit layer, such that high routing density can be achieved. In one embodiment, foreparts of the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer are arranged in parallel at equal pitches. In one embodiment, a reinforcing plate is provided at an underside of the second insulating layer, a metal layer is disposed on an upper side surface of foreparts of the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer to constitute metal fingers, and the reinforcing plate is positioned right below the metal fingers. The present application has a further advantage that strength of the FPC connector can be enhanced by the reinforcing plate. In one embodiment, the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer and the reinforcing plate are sequentially bonded to one another by thermosetting adhesive and hot pressing. The present application has a further advantage that connections between the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer and the reinforcing plate can be enhanced by the thermosetting adhesive and the hot pressing. In one embodiment, the forepart of the first circuit layer, the forepart of the second insulating layer and the reinforcing plate extend beyond a front end of each of the first insulating layer, the third insulating layer, and the second circuit layer, and are equal in length and width and completely overlap one another. In an alternative embodiment, a touch-sensitive screen includes the second FPC connector. In one embodiment, the third insulating layer defines a plurality of vias, and the ends of the plurality of conductive strips of the second circuit layer pass through the plurality of vias and are correspondingly connected to the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer. The present application has a further advantage that the vias facilitate the connection of the first circuit layer to the second circuit layer, such that high routing density can be achieved. In one embodiment, foreparts of the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer are arranged in parallel at equal pitches. In one embodiment, the reinforcing plate, the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer are sequentially bonded to one another by thermosetting adhesive and hot pressing. The present application has a further advantage that connections between the reinforcing plate, the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer can be enhanced by the thermosetting adhesive and the hot pressing. In one embodiment, the forepart of the first circuit layer, the forepart of the third insulating layer, the forepart of the first insulating layer, and the reinforcing plate extend beyond a front end of the second insulating layer, and are equal in length and width and completely overlap one another. In one embodiment, a display device includes the first FPC connector. In one embodiment, the third insulating layer defines a plurality of vias, and the ends of the plurality of conductive strips of the second circuit layer pass through the plurality of vias and are correspondingly connected to the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer. The present application has a further advantage that the vias facilitate the connection of the first circuit layer to the second circuit layer, such that high routing density can be achieved. In one embodiment, foreparts of the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer are arranged in parallel at equal pitches. In one embodiment, a reinforcing plate is provided at an underside of the second insulating layer, a metal layer is disposed on an upper side surface of foreparts of the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer to constitute metal fingers, and the reinforcing plate is positioned right below the metal fingers. The present application has a further advantage that strength of the FPC connector can be enhanced by the reinforcing plate. In one embodiment, the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer and the reinforcing plate are sequentially bonded to one another by thermosetting adhesive and hot pressing. The present application has a further advantage that connections between the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer and the reinforcing plate can be enhanced by the thermosetting adhesive and the hot pressing. In one embodiment, the forepart of the first circuit layer, the forepart of the second insulating layer and the reinforcing plate extend beyond a front end of each of the first insulating layer, the third insulating layer, and the second circuit layer, and are equal in length and width and completely overlap one another. In an alternative embodiment, a display device includes the second FPC connector. In one embodiment, the third insulating layer defines a plurality of vias, and the ends of the plurality of conductive strips of the second circuit layer pass through the plurality of vias and are correspondingly connected to the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer. The present application has a further advantage that the vias facilitate the connection of the first circuit layer to the second circuit layer, such that high routing density can be achieved. In one embodiment, foreparts of the plurality of conductive strips of the first circuit layer are arranged in parallel at equal pitches. In one embodiment, the reinforcing plate, the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer are sequentially bonded to one another by thermosetting adhesive and hot pressing. The present application has a further advantage that connections between the reinforcing plate, the first insulating layer, the second circuit layer, the third insulating layer, the first circuit layer, the second insulating layer can be enhanced by the thermosetting adhesive and the hot pressing. In one embodiment, the forepart of the first circuit layer, the forepart of the third insulating layer, the forepart of the first insulating layer, and the reinforcing plate extend beyond a front end of the second insulating layer, and are equal in length and width and completely overlap one another.

11290736

BACKGROUND The present disclosure relates generally to video coding, and more particularly, to video encoding and decoding based on an intra-prediction mode. SUMMARY The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. In one aspect, a method for processing video data is provided. The method includes constructing, during a conversion between a current video block of a video and a bitstream of the video, at least one template set for the current video block from a plurality of sub-templates, deriving multiple intra-prediction modes (IPMs) based on cost calculations, determining, based on the multiple IPMs, a final predictor of the current video block, and performing the conversion based on the final predictor, wherein the plurality of sub-templates includes a left sub-template, an above sub-template, an above right sub-template, a left below sub-template, and a left above sub-template. In another aspect, an apparatus for processing video data comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon are provided. The instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to construct, during a conversion between a current video block of a video and a bitstream of the video, at least one template set for the current video block from a plurality of sub-templates, derive multiple IPMs based on cost calculations, determine, based on the multiple IPMs, a final predictor of the current video block, and perform the conversion based on the final predictor, wherein the plurality of sub-templates includes a left sub-template, an above sub-template, an above right sub-template, a left below sub-template, and a left above sub-template. In another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a video which is generated by a method performed by a video processing apparatus is provided where the method includes constructing, during a conversion between a current video block of a video and a bitstream of the video, at least one template set for the current video block from a plurality of sub-templates, deriving multiple IPMs based on cost calculations, determining, based on the multiple IPMs, a final predictor of the current video block, and generating the bitstream from the current block based on the final predictor, wherein the plurality of sub-templates includes a left sub-template, an above sub-template, an above right sub-template, a left below sub-template, and a left above sub-template. In another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions is provided where the instructions cause a processor to construct, during a conversion between a current video block of a video and a bitstream of the video, at least one template set for the current video block from a plurality of sub-templates, derive multiple IPMs based on cost calculations, determine, based on the multiple IPMs, a final predictor of the current video block, and perform the conversion based on the final predictor, wherein the plurality of sub-templates includes a left sub-template, an above sub-template, an above right sub-template, a left below sub-template, and a left above sub-template To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects include the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

11356108

BACKGROUND As known by those skilled in the art, a conventional analog PLL may be susceptible to errors (or even error propagation) since said analog PLL uses analog operations and analog elements. Therefore, digital phase-locked loops (DPLL), which utilize a counter with a variable divisor on the feedback path, are proposed for relieving the errors with the partial aid of digital operations and digital elements, and moreover, an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) may significantly help in area reduction and process migration. For example, a digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) may be used to replace the conventionally used voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), which is an analog element. A phase detector may also be replaced with a time-to-digital converter. Therefore, ADPLL is gaining popularity and becoming a trend in radio communications.

11521590

FIELD This disclosure relates generally to ultrasound emitters, and more particularly, to high-power ultrasound emitter design. BACKGROUND Ultrasound is used for a variety of purposes, such as for cleaning, defoaming, and non-destructive inspection. Vibration of an ultrasound emitter, driven by an ultrasonic transducer, may displace a medium such as air, another gas, or a liquid to produce ultrasound waves in the medium. However, fatigue failure may occur rapidly in high-power ultrasound emitters, due to rapid cycling at frequencies of tens of kilohertz or higher. At high power or sound pressure levels, fatigue failure becomes increasingly likely. SUMMARY The subject matter of the present application has been developed in response to the present state of the art, and in particular, in response to the shortcomings of previous ultrasound emitter designs that have not yet been fully solved by the currently available techniques. Accordingly, the subject matter of the present application has been developed to provide an ultrasound emitter and associated design method and computer program product that overcome at least some of the above-discussed shortcomings of previous techniques. More specifically, in some examples, the ultrasound emitter of the present disclosure can provide greater power output and/or durability compared to previous ultrasound emitter designs. Disclosed herein is a method of producing an ultrasound emitter that includes defining a set of criteria for an ultrasound emitter comprising a plate. The set of criteria includes a power output criterion, a frequency criterion and number of nodes for a resonance mode of the plate, a focus criterion, and a durability criterion. The method includes determining an outline and a thickness range for the plate, based on the set of criteria. The method includes using topology optimization to determine internodal zone dimensions for the plate, based on the set of criteria, the outline, and the thickness range. The method includes manufacturing the plate according to the internodal zone dimensions. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 1 of the present disclosure. The method includes determining plate dimensions based on the internodal zone dimensions and a fillet radius for interior corners. The method includes performing frequency response analysis based on the plate dimensions to determine whether the plate dimensions meet the frequency criterion and the durability criterion, prior to manufacturing the plate. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 2 of the present disclosure, wherein example 2 also includes the subject matter according to example 1, above. The method includes performing air-coupled analysis based on the plate dimensions to determine whether the plate dimensions meet the power output criterion and the focus criterion, prior to manufacturing the plate. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 3 of the present disclosure, wherein example 3 also includes the subject matter according to example 2, above. Manufacturing the plate is in response to determining that the plate dimensions meet the criteria. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 4 of the present disclosure, wherein example 4 also includes the subject matter according to example 3, above. In response to determining that at least one of the criteria is unmet, the method includes iteratively using topology optimization to modify internodal zone dimensions, performing frequency response analysis, and performing air-coupled analysis until the plate dimensions meet the criteria. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 5 of the present disclosure, wherein example 5 also includes the subject matter according to example 3, above. The plate includes a titanium alloy and the durability criterion is based on a yield strength for the titanium alloy. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 6 of the present disclosure, wherein example 6 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-5, above. Using topology optimization to determine the internodal zone dimensions includes reducing a mass for the plate and increasing a displacement for at least one internodal zone, compared to a flat-plate model. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 7 of the present disclosure, wherein example 7 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-6, above. The power output criterion includes a sound pressure level of at least 173 decibels at a focal point. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 8 of the present disclosure, wherein example 8 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-7, above. The frequency criterion includes a resonant frequency in a range from 19.8 kHz to 20.2 kHz, inclusive. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 9 of the present disclosure, wherein example 9 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-8, above. The frequency criterion includes a resonant frequency in a range from 200 kHz to 400 kHz, inclusive. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 10 of the present disclosure, wherein example 10 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-8, above. The internodal zone dimensions include internodal zone heights defining steps. at internodal zone boundaries. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 11 of the present disclosure, wherein example 11 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-10, above. Also disclosed herein is a computer program product for producing an ultrasound emitter. The computer program product includes a computer readable storage medium having program code embodied therein. The program code is readable/executable by a processor. The program code is configured for defining a set of criteria for an ultrasound emitter shaped as a plate. The set of criteria includes a power output criterion, a frequency criterion and number of nodes for a resonance mode of the plate, a focus criterion, and a durability criterion. The program code is configured for determining an outline and a thickness range for the plate, based on the criteria. The program code is configured for using topology optimization to determine internodal zone dimensions for the plate, based on the criteria, the outline, and the thickness range. The program code is configured for manufacturing the plate according to the internodal zone dimensions. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 12 of the present disclosure. The program code is configured for determining plate dimensions based on the internodal zone dimensions and a fillet radius for interior corners. The program code is configured for performing frequency response analysis based on the plate dimensions to determine whether the plate dimensions meet the frequency criterion and the durability criterion, prior to manufacturing the plate. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 13 of the present disclosure, wherein example 13 also includes the subject matter according to example 12, above. The program code is configured for performing air-coupled analysis based on the plate dimensions to determine whether the plate dimensions meet the power output criterion and the focus criterion, prior to manufacturing the plate. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 14 of the present disclosure, wherein example 14 also includes the subject matter according to example 13, above. The program code is configured for manufacturing the plate in response to determining that the plate dimensions meet the criteria. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 15 of the present disclosure, wherein example 15 also includes the subject matter according to example 14, above. The program code is configured, in response to determining that at least one of the criteria is unmet, for iteratively using topology optimization to modify internodal zone dimensions, performing frequency response analysis, and performing air-coupled analysis until the plate dimensions meet the criteria. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 16 of the present disclosure, wherein example 16 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 14-15, above. The plate includes a titanium alloy and the durability criterion is based on a yield strength for the titanium alloy. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 17 of the present disclosure, wherein example 17 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 12-16, above. Using topology optimization to determine the internodal zone dimensions includes reducing a mass for the plate and increasing a displacement for at least one internodal zone, compared to a flat-plate model. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 18 of the present disclosure, wherein example 18 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 12-17, above. Also disclosed herein is an apparatus for ultrasound emission. The apparatus includes a plate produced by a method, where the method included defining a set of criteria for an ultrasound emitter comprising a plate. The set of criteria includes a power output criterion, a frequency criterion and number of nodes for a resonance mode of the plate, a focus criterion, and a durability criterion. The method includes determining an outline and a thickness range for the plate, based on the set of criteria. The method includes using topology optimization to determine internodal zone dimensions for the plate, based on the set of criteria, the outline, and the thickness range. The method includes manufacturing the plate according to the internodal zone dimensions. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 19 of the present disclosure. The power output criterion includes a sound pressure level of at least 173 decibels at a focal point. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 20 of the present disclosure, wherein example 20 also includes the subject matter according to example 19, above. The described features, structures, advantages, and/or characteristics of the subject matter of the present disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more examples and/or implementations. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to impart a thorough understanding of examples of the subject matter of the present disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the subject matter of the present disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features, details, components, materials, and/or methods of a particular example or implementation. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain examples and/or implementations that may not be present in all examples or implementations. Further, in some instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the subject matter of the present disclosure. The features and advantages of the subject matter of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the subject matter as set forth hereinafter.

11528052

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION The application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202110066505.8, filed on Jan. 19, 2021, entitled “DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD, FIRST CHIP, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND STORAGE MEDIUM,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a data transmission method, a first chip, an electronic device and a storage medium. BACKGROUND The current Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) works in a frequency band of 2400 Mhz-2480 Mhz, specified by the standard Bluetooth protocol. Taking 2 Mhz as a step, the entire working frequency band is divided into 40 channels, among which data is transmitted by frequency hopping, which cannot meet requirements for data transmission in different scenarios. SUMMARY Some embodiments of the present disclosure aim to provide a data transmission method, a first chip, an electronic device, and a storage medium, which can meet requirements for data transmission in different scenarios while being compatible with the existing standard Bluetooth protocol. Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data transmission method applicable to a first chip. Data transmission of the first chip with a second chip is performed in one of a standard working mode and a non-standard working mode. The standard working mode is a working mode in which data is transmitted between the first chip and the second chip by frequency hopping among standard channels based on a standard Bluetooth protocol. The non-standard working mode includes at least one of: a first working mode in which data is transmitted between the first chip and the second chip in a designated first fixed channel, the first fixed channel being one of the standard channels; a second working mode in which data is transmitted between the first chip and the second chip by frequency hopping among extended extension channels; a third working mode in which data is transmitted between the first chip and the second chip in a designated second fixed channel, the second fixed channel being one of the extended extension channels; and a fourth working mode in which data is transmitted between the first chip and the second chip by frequency hopping among the standard channels based on the standard Bluetooth protocol and the extended extension channels. Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a first chip which is disposed within an electronic device and connected to a memory within the electronic device. The memory stores instructions executable by the first chip. The instructions, when executed by the first chip, causes the first chip to implement the aforementioned data transmission method. Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an electronic device, including: the aforementioned first chip and a memory connected to the first chip. Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causing the processor to implement the aforementioned data transmission method. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, data transmission of the first chip and the second chip is performed in the standard working mode and the non-standard working mode, that is, the first chip and the second chip may support different working modes, which meets requirements for data transmission in different scenarios. Since the standard working mode is a working mode in which data is transmitted between the first chip and the second chip by frequency hopping among standard channels based on the standard Bluetooth protocol, that is, the first chip and the second chip are compatible with the existing standard Bluetooth protocol while supporting other non-standard working mode, it is advantageous for widening the scope of application of the first chip and the second chip while meeting requirements for data transmission in different scenarios, so that the first chip and the second chip are widely applicable. The first working mode in which data is transmitted between the first chip and the second chip in a designated first fixed channel is advantageous for meeting a requirement for data transmission in a scenario where a certain channel needs to be customized for data transmission among the standard channels, and also advantageous for improving efficiency of data transmission. The second working mode in which data is transmitted between the first chip and the second chip by frequency hopping among the extended extension channels is advantageous for meeting a requirement for data transmission in a scenario where frequency hopping among the extension channels is required, and also advantageous for avoiding interference of a ISM frequency band that that is not needed to be authorized and is open to the three main institutions of Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) by the International Telecommunications Union-Radio Communication Bureau, so as to improve stability of data transmission. The third working mode in which data is transmitted between the first chip and the second chip in a designated second fixed channel is advantageous for meeting a requirement for data transmission in a scenario where a certain channel needs to be customized for data transmission among the extension channels, and also advantageous for improving efficiency of data transmission while avoiding interference of the ISM frequency band to improve stability of data transmission. The fourth working mode in which data is transmitted between the first chip and the second chip by frequency hopping among the standard channels based on the standard Bluetooth protocol and the extended extension channel makes it possible to perform data transmission by frequency hopping among more channels (over forty), such that the range for frequency hopping is widened, and the load of data transmission on the standard channels may be shared by both the standard channels and the extension channels, thereby reducing the load of data transmission on each channel and improving efficiency of data transmission. With the amount of channels for data transmission increased, data transmission of more devices is allowed, and it is advantageous for meeting requirements for data transmission in a scenario that is covered with a high density of Bluetooth low energy networks. In an embodiment, when the first chip is a chip sending a switching instruction, the method includes: sending the switching instruction to the second chip when a preset trigger condition is met, where the switching instruction carries the time point of switching and the target working mode, and the switching instruction is used to instruct the second chip to switch the current working mode of the second chip to the target working mode at the time point of switching; switching the current working mode of the first chip to the target working mode at the time point of switching. The current working mode and the target working mode are different from each other, and each is one of the standard working mode and the non-standard working mode. By sending the switching instruction, the first chip and the second chip are switched to the same working mode at the same time point, which is advantageous for meeting requirements for data transmission in different scenarios while enable accurate data transmission between the first chip and the second chip after the working mode is switched. For example, the non-standard working mode includes the second working mode and/or the third working mode. The trigger condition includes: it is determined that the first chip is in a state where a Bluetooth connection has been established with the second chip and Bluetooth pairing has not been performed. The target working mode is the second working mode or the third working mode. During a process of Bluetooth pairing, the pairing parties exchange secret keys. Since the standard Bluetooth protocol is supported in most of current third-party listening devices, it is easy for them to monitor the standard frequency band specified by the standard Bluetooth protocol and thus steal the secret keys during the process of Bluetooth pairing. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, before the Bluetooth pairing, the pairing parties switch the working mode, so that during the Bluetooth pairing, the pairing parties may communicate with each other in a frequency out of the standard frequency band based on the standard Bluetooth protocol. Either working in the second working mode or the third working mode, the first chip and the second chip does not use the standard frequency band based the standard Bluetooth protocol, which may avoid being monitored by the third-party listening devices, so as to prevent the secret keys from being stolen during the process of Bluetooth pairing and improve security during the process of pairing. In an embodiment, the previous working mode before switching is the standard working mode or the first working mode. The extension frequency band is not an ISM frequency band that is not needed to be authorized and is opened to the three main institutions of industry, science, and medicine by the International Telecommunications Union-Radio Communication Bureau, and long-term occupation of the extension frequency band may cause waste of resources. Therefore, after the pairing is completed, restoring to the standard working mode or the first working mode that does not occupy the extended frequency band may improve safety of the pairing and reduce the waste of resources. In an embodiment, the non-standard working mode includes at least one of: the second working mode, the third working mode, and the fourth working mode. The standard channels are obtained by dividing a standard frequency band, and the extension channels are obtained by dividing an extended extension frequency band. The standard frequency band has an upper limit frequency and a lower limit frequency, and the extended frequency band includes a first frequency band and a second frequency band. Frequencies in the first frequency band are all less than the lower limit frequency, and frequencies in the second frequency band are all greater than the upper limit frequency. With the upper limit frequency as a baseline, the communication quality may get worse as the frequency becomes larger. With the lower limit frequency as the baseline, the communication quality may get worse as the frequency becomes smaller. Therefore, in order to extend the same number of channels, compared with the scheme extending only one frequency band, the scheme of expanding the first frequency band and the second frequency band is advantageous for increasing the number of expanded channels while maintaining the communication quality in a relatively balanced level. In an embodiment, the standard channels are numbered with continuous channel numbers including an initial number and an end number. Channel numbers of channels obtained by dividing the first frequency band are sequentially decreased based on the initial number as frequency decreases. Channel numbers of channels obtained by dividing the second frequency band are sequentially increased based on the end number as frequency increases. Considering that the standard channels in the related art already have consecutive channel numbers, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the channel number of the standard channels and the extension channels may be made consecutive without renumbering the standard channels, which is convenient to adapting to the existing standard for channel numbering and improves operation efficiency and speed, that is, the channels after frequency hopping may be determined more quickly, thereby increasing the speed of data transmission between chips. Moreover, since the existing adaptive frequency hopping algorithm is performed under the condition of continuous numbering, the continuous numbering of the extension channels and the standard channels in the present disclosure is adaptable to the existing adaptive frequency hopping algorithm.

11405793

TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly, to scanning and using both dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and non-DFS channels designated within the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. BACKGROUND Audio production can involve the use of many components, including microphones, wireless audio transmitters, wireless audio receivers, recorders, and/or mixers for capturing, recording, and presenting the sound of productions, such as television programs, newscasts, movies, live events, and other types of productions. The microphones typically capture the sound of the production, which is wirelessly transmitted from the microphones and/or the wireless audio transmitters to the wireless audio receivers. The wireless audio receivers can be connected to a recorder and/or a mixer for recording and/or mixing the sound by a crew member, such as a production sound mixer. Electronic devices, such as computers and smartphones, may be connected to the recorder and/or mixer to allow the crew member to monitor audio levels and timecodes. Wireless audio transmitters, wireless audio receivers, wireless microphones, and other portable wireless communication devices include antennas for transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals which contain digital or analog signals, such as modulated audio signals, data signals, and/or control signals. Users of portable wireless communication devices include stage performers, singers, actors, news reporters, and the like. A wireless audio transmitter may transmit an RF signal that includes an audio signal to a wireless audio receiver. The wireless audio transmitter may be included in a wireless handheld microphone, for example, that is held by the user and includes an integrated transmitter and antenna. When the RF signal is received at the wireless audio receiver, the RF signal may be degraded due to multipath fading caused by constructive interference and/or by other types of interference. This degradation may cause the RF signal to have a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which can result in bit errors that can cause audio artifacts and muting of the resulting output audio. However, muting the output audio is undesirable in many situations and environments, such as during professional stage productions and concerts. The effects of such multipath fading and interference are most prevalent in harsh RF environments where physical and electrical factors influence the transmission and reception of RF signals, e.g., movement of the microphone within the environment, other RF signals, operation in large venues, etc. To alleviate issues with multipath fading of RF signals, and for various other reasons, wireless audio components may utilize frequency diversity and/or antenna diversity techniques. Accordingly, there is an opportunity for a wireless audio receiver system that addresses these concerns. More particularly, there is an opportunity for a wireless audio receiver system that makes us of both DFS and non-DFS channels. SUMMARY Systems and methods for concurrent usage and scanning of wireless channels are provided. According to a particular and non-limiting aspect, an example method for wireless communication may include setting a current operating channel of a primary radio to a DFS channel. The method may also include scanning a plurality of available channels using a secondary radio, and determining a channel score for each of the available channels. The method may further include determining a non-DFS backup channel for the primary radio based on the channel scores, determining a candidate DFS backup channel for the primary radio based on the channel scores, and setting a primary radio backup channel to the non-DFS backup channel. The method may still further include, while operating the primary radio on the DFS channel, vetting the candidate DFS backup channel using the secondary radio, detecting a primary radio event on the current operating channel of the primary radio, and responsive to both vetting the candidate DFS channel and detecting the primary radio event, switching the current operating channel of the primary radio from the DFS channel to the candidate DFS backup channel. An example wireless communication device of the present disclosure may include a primary radio, a secondary radio, and a processor. The processor may be configured to set a current operating channel of the primary radio to a DFS channel, scan a plurality of available channels using the secondary radio, and determine a channel score for each of the available channels. The processor may further be configured to determine a non-DFS backup channel for the primary radio based on the channel scores, determine a candidate DFS backup channel for the primary radio based on the channel scores, and set a primary radio backup channel to the non-DFS backup channel. The processor may still further be configured to, while operating the primary radio on the DFS channel, vet the candidate DFS backup channel using the secondary radio, detect a primary radio event on the current operating channel of the primary radio, and responsive to both vetting the candidate DFS channel and detecting the primary radio event, switch the current operating channel of the primary radio from the DFS channel to the candidate DFS backup channel. In a third example, a non-transitory, computer readable medium may have instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the performance of a set of actions. The set of action may include setting a current operating channel of a primary radio to a DFS channel, scanning a plurality of available channels using a secondary radio, and determining a channel score for each of the available channels. The set of actions further includes determining a non-DFS backup channel for the primary radio based on the channel scores, determining a candidate DFS backup channel for the primary radio based on the channel scores, and setting a primary radio backup channel to the non-DFS backup channel. The set of actions still further includes, while operating the primary radio on the DFS channel, vetting the candidate DFS backup channel using the secondary radio, detecting a primary radio event on the current operating channel of the primary radio, and responsive to both vetting the candidate DFS channel and detecting the primary radio event, switching the current operating channel of the primary radio from the DFS channel to the candidate DFS backup channel. These and other embodiments, and various permutations and aspects, will become apparent and be more fully understood from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, which set forth illustrative embodiments that are indicative of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed.

11253339

BACKGROUND Field of the Invention A method for removing a dental bracket, appliance, or prosthetic bound to a tooth or teeth with a dental adhesive or cement by contacting the dental adhesive or cement with an eugenol emulgel or eugenol in gel form. This method may be used to remove dental orthodontic brackets, fixed orthodontic appliances, fixed prosthetic elements, such as cemented laminates, veneers, fixed dental crowns, and fixed dental bridges bound to a tooth or to teeth. Description of Related Art The “background” description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventor(s), to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description which may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly or impliedly admitted as prior art against the present invention. Orthodontic fixed appliance treatment is a comprehensive procedure that starts with bonding brackets onto enamel surfaces of teeth and that ends with debonding of the brackets and removal of the brackets and residual bonding material from the enamel surfaces. Removal of the brackets is not difficult, but care must be taken during treatment with brackets to avoid breakage of the dental appliance containing the brackets and damage to tooth enamel. Brackets bonded directly to the teeth are removed by slightly deforming the base of the bracket. When the base of the bracket is squeezed, the bond releases and the bracket will come off. Usually, the separation occurs at the bracket-glue junction, leaving adhesive on the tooth surface. The orthodontist must then go back and remove the adhesive from each tooth. The process of removing brackets and the bonding cement or adhesive is relatively painless. After the braces have been removed, adhesive remaining on the teeth must be removed. This is usually done with a slow or high-speed dental hand piece that is the same type of instrument used by general dentists when they repair a cavity. During debonding a dental practitioner will aim to limit this removal to the adhesive only leaving the enamel in its normal condition. However, conventional debonding procedures are risky as they can crack, flake, or fracture the enamel surface of a tooth as described by Pont H B, Ozcan M, Bagis B, Ren Y. “Loss of surface enamel after bracket debonding: an in-vivo and ex-vivo evaluation”. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:387 e1-389; and by Dumbryte I, Linkeviciene L, Malinauskas M, Linkevicius T, Peciuliene V, Tikuisis K. “Evaluation of enamel micro-cracks characteristics after removal of metal brackets in adult patients”. Eur J Orthod 2011;35:317-322, each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Another significant risk is a ceramic bracket fracture when conventional debonding procedures are used to debond ceramic brackets as described by Theodorakopoulou L P, Sadowsky P L, Jacobson A, Lacefield W. “Evaluation of the debonding characteristics of 2 ceramic brackets: an in vitro study”. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125:329-336; and by Fernandes T M F, Janson G, Somensi J, Pinzan A, Francisconi P A S, Sathler R, “Effects of modifying the bonding protocol on the shear bond strength of metallic and ceramic orthodontic brackets”. Gen Dent 2012;6 0:51-55, each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Many prior attempts have been made to solve these problems by reducing debonding forces to safely remove a dental appliance intact and to prevent damage to tooth enamel. However, while some of these attempts proved to be effective in reducing the debonding force, they resulted in further complications including pulpal damage caused by electrothermal devices or increases in adhesive remnants after treatment with laser devices as described by Jost-Brinkmann P-G, Radlanski R J, Ãrtun J, Loidl H. “Risk of pulp damage due to temperature increase during thermodebonding of ceramic brackets”. Eur J Orthod 1997;19:623-628; Iijima M, Yasuda Y, Muguruma T, Mizoguchi I. “Effects of CO2laser debonding of a ceramic bracket on the mechanical properties of enamel”. Angle Orthod 2010;80:1029-1035; and by Ahrari F, Heravi F, Fekrazad R, Farzanegan F, Nakhaei S. “Does ultra-pulse CO2laser reduce the risk of enamel damage during debonding of ceramic brackets?” Lasers Med Sci 2012;27:567-574, each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Orthodontic practitioners face a dilemma of using bonding procedures that produce strong and durable bonds that withstand forces applied during orthodontic treatment but which are difficult or unsafe to remove; and using less effective bonding procedures that are more easily debonded. Resolving this dilemma presents many challenges. Composite resins are used in dentistry and orthodontia as bonding materials suitable for bonding to dental substrates, such as dentin, enamel, metal, ceramic, porcelain, and zirconia. They are used to bond orthodontic brackets to surfaces of teeth as well as to bond dental restorative materials such as glass ceramics, metal, composite resin, and zirconium oxide to teeth or other dental surfaces. A dental composite resin may be a material that is light-cured, self-cured, and dual-cured. Generally a composite resin will contain a polymerizable monomer, a filler, and a polymerization initiator (e.g., a chemical catalyst or light). Composite resins are most widely used today as restorative materials for repairing fractures of teeth and dental caries or for orthodontic bonding. A cured composite resin is obtained after polymerization or curing of its ingredients and generally will have sufficient mechanical strength and hardness to serve as a substitute for natural teeth, provide wear resistance against occlusion of teeth in an oral cavity, have a surface smoothness and gloss, provide color matching with natural teeth, and provide translucency or transparency. As a composite resin forming paste which has not yet been polymerized and cured, the composite resin should provide for ease of handling by dental or orthodontic clinicians and technicians, for example, it should exhibit proper fluidity and forming properties, adhere to surfaces to be bonded, but have substantially no adhesion to instruments used to apply it. The micro-hardness and surface roughness of composite resins have been reported to be significantly affected by some chemical agents including topical fluoride agents (e.g., by Second Taste Gel which contains sodium fluoride), by coffee, and by low pH beverages as described by Yeh S-T, Wang H-T, Liao H-Y, Su S-L, Chang C-C, Kao H-C, et al., “The roughness, microhardness, and surface analysis of nanocomposites after application of topical fluoride gels”. Dent Mater 2011;27:187-196; by Silva Jr J, Resin C, Microscope A F. “Analysis of Roughness and Surface Hardness of a Dental Composite using Atomic Force Microscopy and Microhardness Testing. Microsc Microanal”, 2011;17:446-451; and by Hamouda I. M., “Effects of various beverages on hardness, roughness, and solubility of esthetic restorative materials”. J Esthet Restor Dent 2011;23:315-322, each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Limited studies have investigated the use of chemicals as debonding agents in orthodontic therapy. Larmour et al., in (1998), studied the effect of a marketed debonding agent that was based on peppermint oil (P-de-A®, Oradent, U.K.) on the debonding behavior of ceramic brackets and compared it to two well recognized softening agents; acetone and ethanol as described by Larmour C J, McCabe J F, Gordon P H. “An ex vivo investigation into the effects of chemical solvents on the debond behavior of ceramic orthodontic brackets”. Br J Orthod 1998;25:35-40, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. After application of peppermint oil for an hour, a decrease in the debonding strength and in the amount of adhesive remaining after debonding was reported. However, peppermint oil was not sufficient to significantly reduce the risk of ceramic bracket fracture. In contrast to peppermint oil, eugenol is a phenylpropene, an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol and a member of the phenylpropanoids class of chemical compounds. It is a colorless to pale yellow, aromatic oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaf. It is present in concentrations of 80-90% in clove bud oil and at 82-88% in clove leaf oil. The chemical structure of eugenol is shown below: Eugenol is a phenol derivative that is used in combination with zinc oxide (ZnO) as a pulp capping agent, temporary cement and root canal filling cement. Eugenol-containing materials have several advantages as bases for restorations and eugenol is claimed to have sedative, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects on dental tissues as described by Hashimoto S, Maeda M, Yamakita J, Nakamura Y. “Effects of zinc oxide-eugenol on leucocyte number and lipoxygenase products in artificially inflamed rat dental pulp”. Arch Oral Biol 1990;35:87-93; by Lee Y-Y, Hung S-L, Pai S-F, Lee Y-H, Yang S-F. “Eugenol suppressed the expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory mediators in human macrophages”. J Endod 2007;33:698-702; by Li H Y, Lee B K, Kim J S, Jung S J, Oh S B. “Eugenol inhibits ATP-induced P2X currents in trigeminal ganglion neurons”. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2008;12:315-321; and by Boeckh C, Schumacher E, Podbielski A, Haller B. “Antibacterial activity of restorative dental biomaterials in vitro”. Caries Res 2001;36:101-107, each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Eugenol has been reported to stimulate the remineralization of carious dentin. Zinc oxide eugenol (“ZOE”, which are often used as temporary fillings, is considered a better thermal insulator than most other lining materials as described by Little P A G, Wood D J, Bubb N L, Maskill S A, Mair L H, Youngson C C. “Thermal conductivity through various restorative lining materials”. J Dent 2005;33:585-591, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Eugenol is a chemical agent found in multiple dental materials including dental cements, filling materials, impression materials, endodontic sealers, periodontal dressing materials, dry socket dressings, an analgesics. Potnis, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 9,463,159 describes an oral gel containing eugenol, cooling agents, and camphor for relief of tooth pain. Prior compositions containing eugenol were used for pulp relief, usually applied after drilling a tooth cavity, and used as a temporary filling that set when it came into contact with saliva. Sometimes such compositions were used as temporary fillings for caries prior to removal of the caries. The contemporary use of eugenol for such purposes is now extremely rare because doctors commonly prescribe oral analgesics to relief pulpal pain and inflammation and because contemporary capping materials can be directly contacted with pulp to induce healing and reparative action in pulp cells. Thus, eugenol is not commonly used in modern dentistry. The concentration of eugenol used in such materials is considered biologically inert, as there are only rare cases with adverse effects reported in the literature from its intra-oral application as described by Deshpande A, Verma S, Macwan C. “Allergic Reaction Associated with the use of Eugenol Containing Dental Cement in a Young Child”. Austin J Dent 2014;1:1007, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Studies of the effects of eugenol on the bond strength of resin bonding have produced contradictory findings. Although it has been claimed that eugenol-containing temporary cements compromise the resin-dentin bond strength of the permanent resin based cements, the overall effects were controversial and technique sensitive as described by Carvalho C N, Loguercio A D, Reis A. “Effect of ZOE Temporary Restoration on Resin-Dentin Bond Strength Using Different Adhesive Strategies”. J Esthet Restor Dent 2007;19:144-152, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Eugenol has shown to have an effect on composite resins and previous studies showed that the bond strength of both types of composite adhesives (etch-and-rinse or self-etch) was significantly affected after 24 h of contact with ZOE as described by Pinto K T, Stanislawczuk R, Loguercio A D, Grande R H M, Bauer J. “Effect of exposure time of zinc oxide eugenol restoration on microtensile bond strength of adhesives to dentin”. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac 2014;55:83-88; and Nasreen F, Guptha A B S, Srinivasan R, Chandrappa M M, Bhandary S, Junjanna P. “An in vitro evaluation of effect of eugenol exposure time on the shear bond strength of two-step and one-step self-etching adhesives to dentin”. J Consery Dent 2014;17:280-284, each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. However, bond strength was re-established and became similar to their control groups after 7 days. These latter studies clarified that eugenol effects on composite restorations were temporary and limited to small areas. Some attempts have been reported in the literature assessing the effect of eugenol and other solvents on the debonding behavior of orthodontic brackets. He, et al. reported that eugenol in IRM (Intermediate Restorative Materials) reduced the mechanical properties of composite resin within a limited range that does not affect the functionality of the restoration as described by He L-H, Purton D G, Swain M V. “A suitable base material for composite resin restorations: Zinc oxide eugenol”. J Dent 2010;38:290-295, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. However, the effects of eugenol on functional properties and debonding of composite resins is still under debate. In view of the dilemma faced by orthodontic practitioners of providing a bonding resin or cement that is strong and durable, but which can be easily removed without substantial damage to enamel surfaces of teeth, the inventors investigated use of eugenol as a safe debonding agent. As shown herein, the inventors prepared eugenol in a gel form or as an “emulgel” that exhibited a surprising ability to reduce microhardness of orthodontic adhesive bonding resins and that facilitated the safe removal of orthodontic metal brackets as well as the removal of residual bonding resin for enamel surfaces of teeth. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is directed to a safe, non-toxic composition (e.g., emulgel) comprising eugenol or a derivative of eugenol in a gel or other viscous form suitable for application and adhesion to cured or hardened dental cement or bonding resins in the mouth. Once applied to a dental cement or resin, the composition reduces microhardness and permits its removal without substantial damage to the enamel surfaces of teeth or to the dental apparatus that is removed.

11435963

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Japanese patent application No. 2020-001725, filed on Jan. 8, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a printing apparatus configured to perform printing on a printing medium, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that is executed a computer of an electronic device. BACKGROUND ART Known is an MDM (Mobile Device Management) system where a management server on the Internet performs communication with a mobile device to manage the mobile device. In related-art technology, an external mediation apparatus (Device Conductor) is communicatively connected to the management server configured to manage printers, via the Internet. An internal mediation apparatus is communicatively connected to the external mediation apparatus, and a printer that is the mobile device is configured to perform communication with the internal mediation apparatus via a local network. In recent years, instead of the configuration of the related-art technology where the internal mediation apparatus is used for information transfer between the printing apparatus, which is an electronic device, and the external mediation apparatus, proposed is a configuration where the printing apparatus is directly connected to the external mediation apparatus. In this case, the printing apparatus performs communication with the external mediation apparatus in an encrypted mutual recognition wireless communication manner. In order to perform the communication, it is necessary to verify mutual electronic certificates. Usually, since a period of validity is set for the electronic certificate, it is necessary for the printing apparatus to acquire time information in advance so as to verify the electronic certificates. However, the printing apparatus that is used for the MDM system may not have therein a function (for example, so-called real time clock) of generating time information, from a standpoint of emphasizing portability. In this case, the electronic certificates are verified without the time information until the time information is acquired in any manner, so that a collation error is continuously caused. This leads to an increase in communication traffic between the printing apparatus and the external mediation apparatus and an increase in consumption of a battery in the printing apparatus. SUMMARY Aspects of the present disclosure provide a printing apparatus and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which are capable of avoiding an increase in communication traffic between the printing apparatus and an external mediation apparatus and an increase in consumption of a battery in the printing apparatus. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a printing apparatus including: a printing unit configured to perform printing on a printing medium; and a controller, wherein the printing apparatus is configured to perform communication with an external mediation apparatus configured to perform communication with a management server via the Internet, and wherein the controller is configured to: try to acquire time information necessary for encrypted mutual recognition communication; determine whether the time information has been successfully acquired; and not executing information transmission and reception with respect to the external mediation apparatus by the mutual recognition communication in a case where the determining does not determine that the time information has been successfully acquired, and execute the information transmission and reception with respect to the external mediation apparatus by the mutual recognition communication in a case where the determining determines that the time information has been successfully acquired. The printing apparatus of the present disclosure is used in a so-called MDM (Mobile Device Management) system. That is, the external mediation apparatus (so-called Device Conductor) is communicatively connected to the management server configured to manage the printing apparatus, via the Internet, and the printing apparatus is communicatively connected to the external mediation apparatus. At this time, the printing apparatus performs communication with the external mediation apparatus in an encrypted mutual recognition wireless communication manner. In order to perform the communication, it is necessary to verify mutual electronic certificates. Usually, since a period of validity is set for the electronic certificate, it is necessary for the printing apparatus to acquire time information in advance so as to verify the electronic certificates. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program readable by a computer of an electronic device configured to perform communication with an external mediation apparatus configured to perform communication with a management server via the Internet, the computer program, when executed by the computer, causing the electronic device to perform: trying to acquire time information necessary for encrypted mutual recognition communication; determining whether the time information has been successfully acquired; and not executing information transmission and reception with respect to the external mediation apparatus by the mutual recognition communication in a case where the determining does not determine that the time information has been successfully acquired, and executing the information transmission and reception with respect to the external mediation apparatus by the mutual recognition communication in a case where the determining determines that the time information has been successfully acquired.

11451280

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION The present application is the U.S. national phase of PCT Application No. PCT/CN2019/073401 filed on Jan. 28, 2019, which claims a priority to the Chinese patent application No. 201810152163.X filed in China on Feb. 14, 2018, a disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a method of transmitting and receiving a channel state information (CSI) report and a device of transmitting and receiving a CSI report. BACKGROUND With the development of mobile communication technologies, 5thgeneration (5G) mobile communication systems are on the horizon. To support greater system throughput and user equipment (UE) throughput, 5G systems support frequency domain division, so that UE may transmit and receive signals on different frequency domain transmission resources. For example, 5G systems support a maximum system bandwidth of 400 MHz, which is far greater than the maximum system bandwidth of 20 MHz in LTE, thereby supporting greater system throughput and UE throughput. Meanwhile, 5G systems also support flexible dynamic bandwidth allocation, wherein system bandwidth may be divided into multiple bandwidth parts (Band Width Part, BWPs), to support narrow-band UE or UE in a power saving mode to operate only on a portion of the system bandwidth. For another example, 5G systems may employ carrier aggregation (Carrier Aggregation, CA), wherein two or more component carriers (Component Carrier, CCs) may be aggregated together to support greater transmission bandwidth (up to 100 MHz). Each CC corresponds to an independent cell. A cell operating on the primary band is called primary cell (PCell), while a cell operating on the secondary band is called secondary cell (SCell). During wireless communication, various SCells may be activated (or enabled) as needed, to provide additional radio resources to meet communication requirements. In a communication system provided with a plurality of frequency domain transmission resources, wireless communication may be performed by activating different frequency domain transmission resources based on requirements. Therefore, a method of transmitting and receiving a CSI report is needed, so that transmission and reception of a periodic/semi-persistent CSI report may be kept uninterrupted when the frequency domain transmission resource changes. SUMMARY An embodiment of the present disclosure is to provide a method and a device of transmitting and receiving a CSI report, so that reception and transmission of a CSI report may be kept uninterrupted when a variation in frequency domain transmission resource occurs. In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of transmitting a CSI report. The method is applied to a UE and includes: receiving a first indication on a second downlink (DL) frequency domain transmission resource, wherein the first indication is used to activate a first DL frequency domain transmission resource; transmitting a CSI report on a first uplink (UL) frequency domain transmission resource according to a first CSI report configuration corresponding to the first DL frequency domain transmission resource when it is determined that there is the first CSI report configuration and it is determined that a CSI-reference signal (RS) corresponding to the first CSI report configuration is received on the first DL frequency domain transmission resource, wherein the first CSI report configuration includes a periodicity characteristic of the CSI report. In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of receiving a CSI report. The method is applied to a network device and includes: transmitting a first indication on a second downlink (DL) frequency domain transmission resource, wherein the first indication is used to activate a first DL frequency domain transmission resource; receiving a CSI report on a first uplink (UL) frequency domain transmission resource according to a first CSI report configuration corresponding to the first DL frequency domain transmission resource when it is determined that there is the first CSI report configuration and it is determined that a CSI-reference signal (RS) corresponding to the first CSI report configuration is transmitted on the first DL frequency domain transmission resource, wherein the first CSI report configuration includes a periodicity characteristic of the CSI report. In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a UE, including: an operation indication reception module, configured to receive a first indication on a second downlink (DL) frequency domain transmission resource, wherein the first indication is used to activate a first DL frequency domain transmission resource; a report transmission module, configured to transmit a CSI report on a first uplink (UL) frequency domain transmission resource according to a first CSI report configuration corresponding to the first DL frequency domain transmission resource when it is determined that there is the first CSI report configuration and it is determined that a CSI-reference signal (RS) corresponding to the first CSI report configuration is received on the first DL frequency domain transmission resource, wherein the first CSI report configuration includes a periodicity characteristic of the CSI report. In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a network device, including: an operation indication transmission module, configured to transmit a first indication on a second downlink (DL) frequency domain transmission resource, wherein the first indication is used to activate a first DL frequency domain transmission resource; a report reception module, configured to receive a CSI report on a first uplink (UL) frequency domain transmission resource according to a first CSI report configuration corresponding to the first DL frequency domain transmission resource when it is determined that there is the first CSI report configuration and it is determined that a CSI-reference signal (RS) corresponding to the first CSI report configuration is transmitted on the first DL frequency domain transmission resource, wherein the first CSI report configuration includes a periodicity characteristic of the CSI report. In a fifth aspect, the present disclosure provides a UE, including: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer program, to implement steps of the method described in the first aspect. In a sixth aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer readable storage medium storing therein a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to be executed by a processor, to implement steps of the method described in the first aspect. In a seventh aspect, the present disclosure provides a network device, including: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the storage and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer program, to implement steps of the method described in the second aspect. In an eighth aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer readable storage medium storing therein a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to be executed by a processor, to implement steps of the method described in the second aspect. In embodiments of the present disclosure, when a new frequency domain transmission resource is activated, the signal transmission and reception may be performed according to configuration information corresponding to the new frequency domain transmission resource, thereby enabling uninterrupted wireless communication. For example, when UE is transmitting a CSI report, if a new UL frequency domain transmission resource is activated, such as in the case that the network device indicates a switch to a new BWP or a new secondary cell is enabled, the transmission and reception of the CSI report may be performed in an uninterrupted manner by using the method of transmitting and receiving a CSI report according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, thereby meeting communication requirements of the wireless communication system.

11395157

TECHNICAL FIELD The technology disclosed herein relates generally to wireless communication networks, and more particularly relates to techniques for reducing unnecessary handovers from one radio access technology to another. BACKGROUND Wireless phones and other user equipment supporting a fourth-generation (4G) wireless technology such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology, formally known as Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), typically also support a 3G technology, such as the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) technology often referred to as Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). These same devices might also be compatible with 2G networks, such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN). These networks may be connected to one another and, in some circumstances, may permit a user equipment (UE) to be handed over from one to another. As shown inFIG. 1, the LTE and GERAN/UTRAN architectures are combined by means of interfaces between the core network nodes of each respective technology. See “General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) access,” 3GPP TS 23.401, ver. 13.0.0 (September 2014), available at www.3gpp.org. These core nodes include, for example, the Mobility Management Entity (MME), the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), the Serving Gateway (SGW), and the Home Subscriber Server (HSS), all of whose functions are well known to those generally familiar with the family of network standards developed by members of the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). One of the ways for the LTE and GERAN/UTRAN technologies to communicate with each other is via the RAN Information Management (RIM) protocol, which allows transferring of information from LTE to GERAN/UTRAN and vice-versa in a pre-configured manner. The RIM protocol is specified in “3rdGeneration Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Base Station System (BSS)—Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN); BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP) (Release 12),” 3GPP TS 48.018, v. 12.3.0 (September 2014), also available at www.3gpp.org. In the current specifications, a specific type of RIM interaction is defined for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary handovers from LTE to GERAN/UTRAN networks. This interaction is known as “Unnecessary IRAT Handover detection.” FIG. 2shows a message sequence chart for the Unnecessary Inter Radio Access Technology (IRAT) Handover detection procedure, as per the current standards, where the target RAT is GERAN. A similar message sequence is also valid when the target RAT is UTRAN. The operations illustrated inFIG. 2are described in detail in 3GPP TS 48.018 (cited above), 3GPP TS 36.413 (Release 12), 3GPP TS 25.413 (Release 12), and 3GPP TS 48.008 (Release 12), all of which can be found at www.3gpp.org. The illustrated procedure allows the LTE radio access network (RAN) to configure specific measurement criteria and thresholds for a UE that is handed over from LTE to GERAN/UTRAN. More generally, similar procedures may be used when a UE is handed over from a first RAN204, operating according to a first RAT, to a second RAN202, operating according to a second RAT. Referring again toFIG. 2, the measurement configuration sent from the source RAN/RAT (an LTE network, in this case) to the target RAN/RAT (a GERAN/UTRAN network), is captured in the information elements that make up the IRAT Measurement Configuration IE. Details of the IRAT Measurement Configuration IE can be found in 3GPP TS 48.018, 3GPP TS 25.413, and 3GPP TS 48.008; some of those details are illustrated below, inFIGS. 3 and 4.FIG. 3shows an IRAT Measurement Configuration Information Element (IE).FIG. 4a structure of an IRAT Measurement Configuration IE as used for handover from LTE to UTRAN. The configuration ofFIG. 4may be sent by LTE to UTRAN/GERAN via the Source BSS to Target BSS Transparent Container IE or Old BSS to New BSS information IE (in case of handover to GERAN; see 3GPP TS 48.018 and 3GPP TS 48.008) or via the Source RNC to Target RNC Transparent Container IE (in case of handover to UTRAN, see 3GPP TS 25.413) within the handover signalling, i.e. as part of the HANDOVER REQUIRED and HANDOVER REQUEST messages generated in LTE (as shown in step1and step2ofFIG. 2). Upon reception of such configuration, the UTRAN/GERAN will need to configure the UE (handed over from LTE) to perform measurements for a time duration equal to the Measurement Duration IE and over the E-UTRAN frequencies indicated in the E-UTRA Absolute Radio-Frequency Channel Number (E-ARFCN) IE. The LTE cells for which measurements are taken will be recorded by the target UTRAN/GERAN base station if the measurement results are above preconfigured thresholds specified in the REPORTING_THRESHOLD IE or Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) IE or Reference Signal Receive Quality (RSRQ) IE. The measurements performed by the UE as a result of the Unnecessary IRAT Handover procedure will trigger the delivery of an HO Report IE from GERAN/UTRAN to E-UTRAN as part of a RIM message (see step5ofFIG. 2) if the following is satisfied (excerpt from 3GPP TS 25.413 showing the conditions in UTRAN):HO Report should be sent if there is either a single source RAT cell whose measurement results exceed the threshold for the whole measurement duration, or a group of source RAT cells together provide such coverage. The cells that exceed the threshold in the first UE measurement report are included in the HO Report. If both thresholds are present, the received radio measurements must exceed both the RSRP and the RSRQ thresholds in order to satisfy the indicated radio conditions.When the HO Report is sent from RNC at the end of the configured measurement duration, it shall set the HO Report Type IE to “Unnecessary HO to another RAT”. If the measurement period expires due to an inter-RAT handover towards LTE executed within the configured measurement duration, the RNC shall set the HO Report Type IE in the HO Report to “Early IRAT Handover”.No HO Report shall be sent in case no E-UTRAN cell could be included, or if the indicated period of time is interrupted by an inter-RAT handover to a RAT different than LTE or by an intra-UMTS handover with SRNC relocation. As can be seen from the quote above, the HO Report IE will be generated only if there are detected cells that satisfy the measurement configuration criteria. Cells can be included in the HO Report only if reported UE measurements for each of the cells detected satisfy the configured thresholds for the whole duration of the configured measurement window or for part of such duration, in the event that the measurement window time is interrupted by an inter-RAT handover towards LTE. In case all the conditions are satisfied, the HO Report IE sent from UTRAN/GERAN to LTE via RIM is constructed as shown inFIG. 5(see 3GPP TS 36.413). In the HO Report IE, the cells reported in the Candidate Cell List IE are those LTE cells providing good enough coverage, namely fulfilling the criteria specified in the IRAT Measurement Configuration IE (seeFIGS. 3 and 4). Such cells are represented by a list of E-UTRAN Cell Global Identities (E-CGIs). The latter can be seen from the specifications of the Candidate Cell ID IE, which is detailed as shown inFIGS. 6 and 7(see 3GPP TS 36.413). The discussion presented herein generally assumes a management system having an arrangement like that shown inFIG. 8. In this arrangement, node elements (NE), also referred to as eNodeBs, are managed by a domain manager (DM), also referred to as the operation and support system (OSS). A DM may further be managed by a network manager (NM). The system composed by the DM and NM may be referred as the Operation and Maintenance System (OAM). Two NEs are interfaced by X2, whereas the interface between two DMs is referred to as Itf-P2P. It is further assumed, in the discussion that follows, that a function that automatically optimizes NE parameters can, in principle, execute in the NE, DM, or NM. SUMMARY To unambiguously identify measured cells, the network node in a target RAT providing a Handover Report to the source RAT according to the techniques discussed above can use a global cell identifier (such as the E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier or ECGI) that could identify each cell. However, this would require that each potential target node (e.g., each base station) be provided in advance with information sufficient to identify the cell from the non-global information that is typically available from monitoring the cell itself, such as the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). This pre-configuration of all target nodes with this information is undesirable. Embodiments of the presently disclosed techniques and apparatus address this and other problems. In some embodiments, in the case that the target Inter RAT node is not configured with the mapping between PCI and frequency and the cell's ECGI, given that a UE both in UTRAN and in GERAN reports a PCI and a frequency indication for a detected LTE cell, then both the PCI and the detected cell's frequency should be included in an opportune list in the HO Report IE, to assist the target eNB in unequivocally identifying the cell that was detected and reported by the UE. The embodiments described below provide for adding PCI and frequency information for cells fulfilling the Unnecessary IRAT Handover Detection criteria to the existing HO Report IE. To further specify the measurements expected from the Unnecessary IRAT Handover Detection procedure, and by that potentially limit the number of measurements performed by the UE while served in GERAN, some extra information related to each individual E-UTRAN frequency in the IRAT Measurement Configuration IE could be supplied by the source eNB. This extra information could, for, example consist of an indicator for each individual E-UTRAN frequency, informing the BSS whether the UE (handed over from LTE) shall be configured for measurements of (1) E-UTRAN macro neighbor cells only, or (2) E-UTRAN CSG cells only, or (3) possibly both cell types for the indicated E-UTRAN frequency. As an alternative to a frequency-specific indicator, a common indicator valid for all E-UTRAN frequencies included in the IRAT Measurement Configuration IE could be supplied by the source eNB. An example method according to some embodiments is suitable for implementation in a network node operating in a first RAN according to a first RAT. In this case, the network node is the target of an IRAT handover. The method includes receiving a handover request for a user equipment from a cell in a second RAN operating according to a second RAT and, after handover of the user equipment to a cell in the first RAN is completed, configuring the user equipment to measure one or more frequencies corresponding to the second RAN. Based on measurements reported by the user equipment for the one or more frequencies, the network node identifies one or more detected cells exceeding a measurement threshold, and sends a handover report towards the second RAN. The handover report includes, for at least one detected cell exceeding the measurement threshold, a physical cell identifier for the detected cell and a frequency identifier for the detected cell. In some embodiments, the network node receives information identifying the one or more frequencies corresponding to the second RAN in a message associated with the handover request. In some of these embodiments, the information identifying the one or more frequencies comprises an E-UTRA Absolute Radio-Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN). In some embodiments, the network node also receives, in a message associated with the handover request, measurement information indicating, for at least one of the one or more frequencies, whether or not the user equipment should measure closed-subscriber-group (CSG) cells corresponding to the at least one of the one or more frequencies. In these embodiments, configuring the user equipment to measure one or more frequencies corresponding to the second RAN comprises configuring the user equipment to measure CSG cells or not to measure CSG cells, according to the received measurement information. The measurement indicator in some of these embodiments may be a single indicator indicating whether or not the user equipment should measure CSG cells for all of the one or more frequencies. In others of these embodiments, a separate indicator is provided for each of the one or more frequencies. In some embodiments, the handover report includes, for at least one of the detected cells exceeding the measurement threshold, a global cell identifier. In some embodiments, a physical cell identifier and frequency identifier is included only for those detected cells for which a global cell identifier is not known or could not be derived from the measurements reported by the user equipment. As shown by the embodiments, the first and second RATs may be different RATs. Another example method according to the present techniques is carried out in a network node operating in a first RAN according to a first RAT. In this case, the network node is the source node of an IRAT handover. The example method includes initiating a handover of a user equipment from a cell in the first RAN to a cell in a second RAN, operating according to a second RAT, by sending a handover-required indication towards the second RAN. The example method includes, after handover of the user equipment to the cell in the second RAN is completed, receiving a handover report from the second RAN. The handover report comprises, for at least one cell detected by the user equipment, a physical cell identifier for the detected cell and a frequency identifier for the detected cell. The network node then identifies a global cell identifier for the at least one cell, based on the physical cell identifier and frequency identifier, and adjusts one or more mobility settings with respect to the at least one cell, in response to receiving the handover report. In some embodiments, the method further comprises sending, towards the second RAN, information identifying one or more frequencies to be measured by the user equipment, in a message associated with the handover request. The information identifying the one or more frequencies may comprise an EARFCN, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the network node still further sends, in a message associated with the handover request, measurement information indicating, for at least one of the one or more frequencies, whether or not the user equipment should measure CSG cells corresponding to the at least one of the one or more frequencies. This measurement information may include a single indicator indicating whether or not the user equipment should measure CSG cells for all of the one or more frequencies, in some embodiments. In others, the measurement information comprises a separate indicator for each of the one or more frequencies. In some embodiments, the network node sends information identifying a measurement threshold in a message associated with the handover request. In some embodiments, the received handover report includes, for at least one cell detected by the user equipment, a global cell identifier. The techniques summarized above and detailed below allow a drastic reduction of the configuration effort needed to store details about potential LTE neighbor cells on GERAN BSSs and UTRAN Radio Network Controllers (RNCs). The techniques also allow a reduction of IRAT System Information Broadcast (SIB) reading measurements for UEs in UTRAN, during the procedures of Unnecessary IRAT Handover Detection. The methods outlined herein allow a GERAN BSS or an UTRAN RNC to discover new LTE neighboring cells that are reliable handover candidates and to trigger configuration/retrieval of information for such cells, so that procedures towards these cells (e.g., handovers) can be started when needed. Some of the methods detailed herein can also potentially limit the number of measurements performed by a UE in GERAN. In the detailed description that follows, the several embodiments summarized above are described in detail, and descriptions of corresponding apparatus for carrying out the methods summarized above are described. It should be appreciated however, that these embodiments are intended to be illustrative, and not exhaustive.

11521021

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an object recognition system and an object recognition method. 2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as globalization has progressed, people from various countries have come and gone. However, there is an increasing demand for security due to concerns of diminished security. However, in some countries including Japan, since the working population has been decreased, there is a need for mechanical solutions using computers. One of these technologies is a video analysis technology using a neural network. The neural network is a data-driven method for learning an effective feature extraction method from a given learning data set. As the learning data set has more data of an evaluation environment, recognition accuracy of the neural network becomes higher. When the learning data set is large and is diverse, the recognition accuracy is increased in a general-purpose environment. The learning data set includes an image and a label of a target task to be solved. The image can be mechanically collected by capturing with a camera. However, since most of the creation of the label needs to be manually performed, there is a problem that high human costs are required in creating the learning data set. Since a multi-task neural network that performs a plurality of estimations outputs estimation results in consideration of the relevance thereof, higher accuracy can be realized than that in a single-task neural network. In order to realize the higher accuracy, it is necessary to give labels to multiple tasks. As the number of tasks becomes larger, the amount of work is larger than that of the single task. A data loss occurs due to a human error or an influence of a data storage and a communication environment, and thus, a part of the label may be lost. JP 6392478 B proposes a method of generating a training label indicating a degree of association in order to prevent the data loss. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, in JP 6392478 B, since a construction work of a prerequisite data set has a large amount of labeling, there is a practical problem. An object of the present invention is to suppress the amount of labeling in a construction work of a prerequisite data set in an object recognition system. An object recognition system according to an aspect of the present invention is an object recognition system that includes a storage unit and a learning control unit. The storage unit includes an image unit that stores an image of an object, a label unit that stores a label which is information related on a task which is an attribute of the object, and an estimator that estimates the task of the object, and outputs an estimation result. The estimator includes an object feature extraction unit that extracts an object feature value from the image, a plurality of task-specific identification units that identifies the information of the task, and a connection switch that stores connection information between the object feature extraction unit and the plurality of task-specific identification units. The learning control unit changes a connection relationship between the object feature extraction unit and the plurality of task-specific identification units based on the connection information stored in the connection switch according to a type of the task. An object recognition method according to another aspect of the present invention is an object recognition method using an object recognition system that includes a storage unit and a learning control unit. The method includes storing, by the storage unit, an image of an object and a label which is information related to a task which is an attribute of the object, extracting, by an object feature extraction unit, an object feature value from the image of the object, identifying, by a plurality of task-specific identification units, the information of the task, and changing, by the learning control unit, a connection relationship between the object feature extraction unit and the plurality of task-specific identification units according to a type of the task, estimating the task of the object, and outputting an estimation result. According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to suppress the amount of labeling in a construction work of a prerequisite data set in the object recognition system.

11506134

TECHNICAL FIELD The technique disclosed herein relates to a control apparatus for an electric vehicle. BACKGROUND ART Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-272364 discloses a reciprocating engine. This reciprocating engine includes a variable valve timing mechanism which changes a closing timing of an intake valve. The variable valve timing mechanism changes the closing timing of the intake valve in accordance with a driving state of the engine. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2020-84933 discloses a rotary engine. Intake ports of the rotary engine open in a side housing. The rotary engine has two intake ports which are a first intake port and a second intake port. The first intake port and the second intake port are disposed to neighbor each other in a revolution direction of a rotor. The first intake port closes at a relatively early timing, and the second intake port closes at a relatively late timing. SUMMARY An electric vehicle has been known in which an engine for charging a battery is installed. When a state of charge (SOC) of the battery lowers, the engine is driven for electricity generation. In accordance with the SOC of the battery, a requested electricity generation amount changes. A driving revolution speed of the engine changes in accordance with the requested electricity generation amount. In accordance with the driving revolution speed of the engine, a closing timing of an intake port at which intake air charging efficiency becomes a maximum changes. A variable valve timing mechanism can in general change the closing timing of the intake port such that the intake air charging efficiency becomes the maximum. However, depending on a layout of the engine or a type of the engine, there may be a case where the closing timing of the intake port cannot be changed by using the variable valve timing mechanism. As one example, the variable valve timing mechanism cannot be mounted on a rotary engine due to its structure. It is difficult to change the closing timing of the intake port in a rotary engine. The technique disclosed herein changes the closing timing of the intake port without using a variable valve timing mechanism. The technique disclosed herein relates to a control apparatus for an electric vehicle. The control apparatus for an electric vehicle includes: an engine which is for electricity generation and in which a closing timing of an intake port is set such that intake air charging efficiency becomes a maximum in a specific revolution speed region; a sensor which outputs an electric signal related to a revolution speed of the engine; a controller which drives the engine at a revolution speed based on the electric signal of the sensor, a requested electricity generation amount being satisfied at the revolution speed; and a motor which applies a positive torque or a negative torque to the engine, and when the engine is driven in a revolution speed region other than the specific revolution speed region, the controller uses the motor to apply a positive torque or a negative torque to the engine in an intake stroke such that the closing timing of the intake port is changed in a direction in which the intake air charging efficiency becomes high. With this configuration, when the engine is driven in a revolution speed region other than the specific revolution speed region, the controller applies a positive torque or a negative torque to the engine in the intake stroke. Accordingly, a revolution rate of the engine is temporarily changed. Because the rate is changed temporarily, the revolution speed of the engine is substantially constant, and an intake air flow speed is maintained to be constant. Meanwhile, the intake stroke becomes shorter or longer. When the intake stroke becomes shorter or longer, the intake air charging efficiency is changed. This engine can change the intake air charging efficiency by changing the closing timing of the intake port without using a variable valve timing mechanism. The controller uses the motor to apply a positive torque or a negative torque to the engine such that the closing timing of the intake port is changed in the direction in which the intake air charging efficiency becomes high. The intake air charging efficiency of the engine becomes high through a wide revolution speed region. This configuration is advantageous in an improvement in fuel efficiency performance of the engine. Note that because the engine is an engine for electricity generation and does not produce motive power for traveling of the vehicle, a change in the revolution rate of the engine in the intake stroke is permitted. The motor may be an assist motor which is connected with a shaft of the engine, and the controller may use the assist motor to apply a positive torque or a negative torque to the engine in the intake stroke. Because the assist motor applies a torque to the engine, driving of an electrical generator driven by the engine is not influenced by torque application. The electrical generator can efficiently perform electricity generation driving. The motor may be a generator motor which is mechanically connected with the engine and is driven by the engine, and the controller may cause the generator motor to perform electricity generation driving such that a torque lower than an electricity generation torque corresponding to the requested electricity generation amount is applied to the engine in the intake stroke. In this configuration, a temporary negative torque can be applied to the engine by using the generator motor. Because the generator motor is used, this configuration does not need an additional device. The closing timing of the intake port may be a timing at which the intake air charging efficiency becomes a maximum at a highest use revolution speed of the engine. With this configuration, in a case where the revolution speed of the engine is lower than the highest use revolution speed, the motor performs power and thereby applies a temporary positive torque to the engine. Accordingly, the closing timing of the intake port becomes earlier, and the intake air charging efficiency of the engine can be made higher in accordance with the revolution speed of the engine. The closing timing of the intake port may be a timing at which the intake air charging efficiency becomes a maximum in a revolution speed region in which a use frequency of the engine is highest. With this configuration, when the revolution speed of the engine is lower than the revolution speed region in which the use frequency of the engine is highest, the motor applies a temporary negative torque to the engine. When the revolution speed of the engine is higher than the revolution speed region in which the use frequency of the engine is highest, the motor applies a temporary positive torque to the engine. In this configuration, because torque application to the engine is not performed in a case where the revolution speed of the engine is in the revolution speed region in which the use frequency is highest, a frequency of application of a positive torque or a negative torque by the motor becomes low. As described above, a control apparatus for an electric vehicle can change a closing timing of an intake port without using a variable valve timing mechanism.

11328251

CROSS-REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATIONS Priority is claimed to European Patent Application No. 18 000 719.7, filed on Sep. 6, 2018, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. FIELD The present invention relates to a vending device with integrated inventory monitoring. BACKGROUND DE 100 45 516 A1 shows a sales counter for ice cream, wherein access to a specific ice cream container is determined by means of light barriers, and the number of sold ice cream scoops per type is deduced therefrom. Weight sensors which determine the total mass of the ice-cream container are also provided for each ice cream container. SUMMARY An embodiment of the present invention provides a vending device that has at least one display area and an evaluator. The display area is formed by a rigid body, and has at least two, spatially-separated product areas, the rigid body of the display area being held by force transmission areas of at least two weighing cells. The evaluator is configured to, at periodic intervals or when a total weight detected by the at least two weighing cells changes: determine new coordinates of a center of gravity from data of the weighing cells, and transmit the new coordinates to a controller. The controller is configured to: determine a product area within the display area based upon changes in the coordinates of the center of gravity, determine, from the change in a total weight, the weight of goods removed from or added to the determined product area, and update an inventory, stored in a memory, for the product.

11294073

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a 371 of international application of PCT application serial no. PCT/CN2018/085572, filed on May 4, 2018, which claims the priority benefit of China application no. 201810217695.7, filed on Mar. 16, 2018. The entirety of each of the above mentioned patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification. BACKGROUND Technical Field The present invention relates to a multi-system combined navigation positioning technology, and more particularly, to a GPS/BDS tight combined carrier differential positioning method, which belongs to the field of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning and navigation technologies. Description of Related Art In relative positioning, two models are usually used when observations are combined by different satellite systems: one is that each system selects a loosely combined model of a reference satellite thereof, i.e., an intra-system difference model; and the other is that different systems select a tight combined model of a common reference satellite, i.e., an inter-system difference model. For a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system, a satellite can eliminate carrier and pseudorange hardware delays at a receiver when performing intra-system difference. However, when performing inter-system difference, it is usually difficult to eliminate the hardware delay due to different signal modulation modes used by each system, and it is necessary to extract a difference inter-system bias as prior information for tight combined positioning. Researches on tightly combined positioning mainly focus on the same frequencies of different systems at current, and are mainly applied to a single-frequency positioning model. In the process of combining multi-GNSS observations, different frequencies will be encountered more often, for example, GPS/BDS-2 dual systems do not have a shared frequency. Therefore, a differential positioning algorithm which only studies the same frequency between systems is not conducive to give full play to the advantages of multi-GNSS combined positioning. The present research results show that the carrier difference inter-system bias between different systems with different frequencies presents time domain stability, which provides a technical basis for carrier difference tight combined positioning. SUMMARY In order to make up for the deficiency of the existing research and better exert the advantages of multi-GNSS tight combined positioning, the present invention provides a GPS/BDS tight combined carrier differential positioning method, which uses a GPS/BDS observation to construct an inter-system double-difference model, introduces a BDS reference satellite to perform parameter decorrelation, ensures a continuous estimability of a carrier difference inter-system bias through reference conversion, and finally, uses a fixed ambiguity to form an ionosphere-free combination and perform tight combined positioning based on the estimated carrier difference inter-system bias. The following technical solutions are employed in the present invention to solve the technical problems above. The present invention provides a GPS/BDS tight combined carrier differential positioning method, which comprises the following steps of: step 1: selecting a GPS reference satellite to construct a GPS intra-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination model, a GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination model and a GPS/BDS intra-system double-difference wide-lane ambiguity calculation model; step 2: realizing decorrelation of an inter-system bias parameter with single-difference and double-difference ambiguities in ionosphere-free combinations; step 3: performing reference conversion to realize a continuous estimability of an ionosphere-free combination difference inter-system bias; step 4: separating a base carrier ambiguity by using an ionosphere-free combination and a fixed wide-lane ambiguity; and step 5: forming the ionosphere-free combination by using base carrier observations to perform high-precision positioning. As a further technical solution of the present invention, the step 1 specifically comprises: step 11: constructing an inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination model: ΔϕIF,Gs=⁢ΔρGs+⁢Δ⁢⁢dt+⁢λNL,G(⁢Δ⁢⁢δIF,G+⁢Δ⁢⁢NIF,Gs)+Δ⁢⁢TGs+ΔɛIF,Gs(1)Δ⁢⁢PIF,Gs=ΔρGs+Δ⁢⁢dt+Δ⁢⁢dIF,G+Δ⁢⁢TGs+Δ⁢⁢eGs(2)ΔϕIF,Cq=ΔρCq+Δ⁢⁢dt+λNL,C⁡(ΔδIF,C+Δ⁢⁢NIF,Cq)+Δ⁢⁢TCq+ΔɛIF,Cq(3)Δ⁢⁢PIF,Cq=ΔρCq+Δ⁢⁢dt+Δ⁢⁢dIF,C+Δ⁢⁢TCq+Δ⁢⁢eIF,Cq(4)ΔϕIF,Gs=f1,G2⁢Δϕ1,Gsf1,G2-f2,G2-f2,G2⁢Δϕ2,Gsf1,G2-f2,G2Δ⁢⁢NIF,Gs=f1,G2⁢Δ⁢⁢N1,Gsf1,G2-f2,G2-f2,G2⁢Δ⁢⁢N2,Gsf1,G2-f2,G2(5)ΔϕIF,Cq=f1,C2⁢Δϕ1,Cqf1,C2-f2,C2-f2,G2⁢Δϕ2,Cqf1,G2-f2,C2Δ⁢⁢NIF,Cq=f1,C2⁢Δ⁢⁢N1,Cqf1,C2-f2,C2-f2,C2⁢Δ⁢⁢N2,Cqf1,C2-f2,C2(6)Δ⁢⁢PIF,Gs=f1,G2⁢Δ⁢⁢P1,Gsf1,G2-f2,G2-f2,G2⁢Δ⁢⁢P2,Gsf1,G2-f2,G2Δ⁢⁢PIF,Cq=f1,C2⁢Δ⁢⁢P1,Cqf1,C2-f2,C2-f2,G2⁢Δ⁢⁢P2,Cqf1,G2-f2,C2(7) wherein equations (1) and (2) respectively represent a carrier observation equation and a pseudorange observation equation of a GPS inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination, equations (3) and (4) respectively represent a subcarrier observation equation and a pseudorange observation equation of a BDS inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination, equation (5) represents a GPS inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free carrier observation and a GPS inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free ambiguity, equation (6) represents a BDS inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free carrier observation value and a BDS inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free ambiguity, and equation (7) represents a GPS inter-station single-difference pseudorange ionosphere-free combination and a BDS inter-station single-difference pseudorange ionosphere-free combination; wherein, s=1G, 2G, . . . , mG, mGrepresents a number of GPS satellites, ΔϕIF,Gsrepresents a carrier observation of an inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of GPS satellite s, ΔρGsrepresents a single-difference distance between a station and the GPS satellite, ΔρGsrepresents an inter-station single-difference receiver clock bias, λNL,Grepresents a GPS narrow-lane wavelength, ΔδIF,Grepresents a carrier hardware delay of an inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of a GPS satellite receiver, ΔNIF,Gsrepresents an ambiguity of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of the GPS satellite s, ΔTGsrepresents an inter-station single-difference troposphere delay of the GPS satellite, ΔεIF,Gsrepresents the measurement noise of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of the GPS satellite, ΔPIF,Gsrepresents a pseudorange observation of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of the GPS satellite s, ΔdIF,Grepresents a pseudorange hardware delay of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of the GPS satellite receiver end, and ΔeIF,Gsrepresents a pseudorange measured noise of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of the GPS satellite s; q=1C, 2C, . . . , nC, nCrepresents a number of BDS satellites, ΔϕIF,Cqrepresents a carrier observation value of an inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of BDS satellite q, ΔρCqrepresents an inter-station single-difference station satellite distance of BDS satellite q, λNL,Crepresents a BDS narrow-lane wavelength, ΔδIF,Crepresents a carrier hardware delay of an inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of the BDS receiver, ΔNIF,Cqrepresents the ambiguity of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of BDS satellite q, ΔTCqrepresents an inter-station single-difference troposphere delay of BDS satellite q, ΔεIF,Cqrepresents a measurement noise of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of BDS satellite q, ΔPIF,Cqrepresents a pseudorange observation of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of BDS satellite q, ΔdIF,Crepresents a pseudorange hardware delay of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of the BDS satellite receiver, and ΔeIF,Cqrepresents a pseudorange measurement noise of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of BDS satellite q; Δϕ1,Gsrepresents an inter-station single-difference carrier observation on L frequency of GPS satellite s, Δϕ2,Gsrepresents an inter-station single-difference carrier observation on L2 frequency of GPS satellite s, ΔN1,Gsrepresents an inter-station single-difference ambiguity on L1 frequency of GPS satellite s, ΔN2,Gsrepresents an inter-station single-difference ambiguity on L2 frequency of GPS satellite s, ΔP1,Gs, represents an inter-station single-difference pseudorange observation on L1 frequency of GPS satellites s, ΔP2,Gsrepresents an inter-station single-difference pseudorange observation on L2 frequency of GPS satellites s, f1,Grepresents a GPS L frequency, and f2,Grepresents a GPS L2 frequency; and Δ1,Cqrepresents an inter-station single-difference carrier observation on B1 frequency of BDS satellite q, Δϕ2,Cqrepresents an inter-station single-difference carrier observation on B2 frequency of BDS satellite q, ΔN1,Cqrepresents the inter-station single-difference ambiguity on B1 frequency of the BDS satellite q, ΔN2,Cqrepresents the inter-station single-difference ambiguity on B2 frequency of the BDS satellite q, ΔP1,Cqrepresents the inter-station single-difference pseudorange observation on B1 frequency of BDS satellite q, ΔP2,Cqrepresents the inter-station single-difference pseudorange observation on B2 frequency of the BDS satellite q, f1,Crepresents a B1 frequency of BDS, and f2,Crepresents a B2 frequency of BDS; step 12: selecting a GPS reference satellite to construct the GPS intra-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination model and the GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination model according to the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination model constructed in the step 11: when a GPS satellite 1Gis used as a reference satellite, equations (8) and (9) representing GPS intra-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination models, and equations (10) and (11) representing GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination models: ∇ΔϕIF,G1G,s=∇ΔρG1G,s+λNL,G⁢Δ⁢⁢NIF,G1G,s+∇Δ⁢⁢TG1G,s+∇ΔɛIF,G1G,s(8)∇Δ⁢⁢PIF,G1G,s=∇ΔρG1G,s+∇Δ⁢⁢TG1G,s+∇Δ⁢⁢eIF,G1G,s(9)∇ΔϕIF,GC1G,q=ΔϕIF,Cq-ΔϕIF,G1G=∇ΔρGC1G,q+λNL,C⁢∇Δ⁢⁢NIF,GC1G,q+(λNL,C-λNL,G)⁢Δ⁢⁢NIF,G1G+λNL,C⁢∇ΔδIF,GC+∇Δ⁢⁢TGC1G,q+∇ΔɛIF,GC1G,q(10)∇Δ⁢⁢PIF,GC1G,q=Δ⁢⁢PIF,Cq-Δ⁢⁢PIF,G1G=∇ΔρGC1G,q+∇Δ⁢⁢dIF,GC+∇Δ⁢⁢TGC1G,q+∇Δ⁢⁢eIF,GC1G,q(11) wherein, ∇ΔϕIF,G1G,srepresents a carrier observation of the GPS intra-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination, ∇ΔρG1G,srepresents a GPS intra-system double-difference distance between stations and satellites, ΔNIF,G1G,srepresents a double-difference ambiguity of the GPS intra-system ionosphere-free combination, ∇ΔTG1G,srepresents a GPS intra-system double-difference troposphere delay, ∇ΔεIF,G1G,srepresents a carrier observation of the GPS intra-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination, ∇ΔPIF,G1G,srepresents a pseudorange observation of the GPS intra-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination, and ∇ΔeIF,G1G,srepresents a carrier measurement noise of the GPS intra-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination; and ∇ΔϕIF,GC1G,qrepresents a carrier observation of the GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination, ∇ΔρGC1G,qrepresents a GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference distance between satellites and stations, ∇ΔNIF,GC1G,qrepresents an ambiguity of the GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination, ΔNIF,G1Grepresents an ambiguity of the inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of the GPS reference satellite, ∇ΔδIF,GC=ΔδIF,C-λNL,GλNL,C⁢ΔδIF,G represents a carrier difference inter-system bias of the GPS/BDS ionosphere-free combination, ∇ΔGC1G,qrepresents a GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference troposphere delay, ∇ΔεIF,GC1G,qrepresents a carrier observation of the GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination, ∇ΔPIF,GC1G,qrepresents a pseudorange observation of the GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination, ∇ΔdIF,GC=ΔdIF,C−ΔdIF,Grepresents a GPS/BDS pseudorange differential inter-system bias of the ionosphere-free combination, and ∇ΔeIF,GC1G,qrepresents a pseudorange observation of the GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination; and step 13: selecting a BDS reference satellite to construct intra-system double-difference wide-lane ambiguity calculation models of GPS and BDS: when a BDS satellite 1Cis used as a BDS reference satellite, then the respective intra-system double-difference wide-lane ambiguity calculation models of the GPS and the BDS being: ∇Δ⁢⁢NWL,G1G,s=∇ΔφWL,G1G,s-f1,G⁢∇Δ⁢⁢P1,G1G,s+f2,G⁢∇Δ⁢⁢P2,G1G,sλWL,G⁡(f1,G+f2,G)(12)∇Δ⁢⁢NWL,C1C,q=∇ΔφWL,C1C,q-f1,C⁢∇Δ⁢⁢P1,C1C,q+f2,C⁢∇Δ⁢⁢P2,C1C,qλWL,C⁡(f1,C+f2,C)(13) wherein, ∇ΔNWL,G1G,srepresents a GPS double-difference wide-lane ambiguity, ∇ΔφWL,G1G,srepresents a GPS double-difference wide-lane carrier observation, ∇ΔP1,G1G,srepresents a GPS L1 double-difference pseudorange observation, ∇ΔP2,G1G,srepresents a GPS L2 double-difference pseudorange observation, and λWL,Grepresents a GPS wide-lane wavelength; and ∇ΔNWL,C1C,qrepresents a BDS double-difference wide-lane ambiguity, ∇ΔϕWL,C1C,qrepresents a BDS double-difference wide-lane carrier observation, ∇ΔPC1C,qrepresents a BDS B1 double-difference pseudorange observation, ∇ΔP2,C1C,qrepresents a BDS B2 double-difference pseudorange observation, and λWL,Crepresents a BDS wide-lane wavelength; and performing multi-epoch smooth rounding on equations (12) and (13) to obtain a double-difference wide-lane whole-cycle ambiguity: ∇Δ⋒⁢⁢N_WL,G1G,s=round⁢⁢(1k⁢∑i=1k⁢∇Δ⁢⋒⁢NWL,G1G,s)∇Δ⋒⁢⁢N_WL,C1C,q=round⁢⁢(1k⁢∑i=1k⁢∇Δ⁢⋒⁢NWL,C1C,q)k∈N+⁢(14) wherein, ∇{circumflex over (Δ)}NWL,G1G,sand ∇{circumflex over (Δ)}NWL,C1C,qare respectively the double-difference wide-lane whole-cycle ambiguities of the GPS and the BDS obtained by multi-epoch smooth rounding, round represents a rounding operator, and k represents an epoch number. As a further technical solution of the present invention, the step 2 specifically comprises: step 21: reparameterizing the ambiguity of the GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination according to the BDS reference satellite selected in the step 13: according to the step 12, the ambiguity of the GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination being represented as: ∇ΔNIF,GC1G,q=(ΔNIF,Cq−ΔNIF,C1C)+(ΔNIF,C1C−ΔNIF,G1G)=∇ΔNIF,C1C,q+∇ΔNIF,GC1G1C(15) wherein, ΔNIF,C1Crepresents an ambiguity of an inter-station single-difference ionosphere-free combination of a BDS reference satellite, ∇ΔNIF,C1C,qrepresents an ambiguity of a BDS intra-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination, and ∇ΔNIF,GC1G1Crepresents ambiguities of the GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combinations of the BDS reference satellite and the GPS reference satellite; according to equation (15), equation (10) being represented as: ∇ΔϕIF,GC1G,q=∇ΔρGC1G,q+λNL,C∇ΔNIF,C1C,q+λNL,C∇ΔNIF,GC1G1C+(λIF,C−λIF,G)ΔNIF,G1G+λNL,C∇ΔδIF,GC+∇ΔTGC1G,q+∇ΔεIF,GC1G,q(16) wherein, in equation (10), ∇ΔNIF,GC1G1C, ΔNIF,G1Gand ∇ΔδIF,GCare parameters shared by all BDS satellites and are linearly correlated; and step 22: combining the shared parameters and reparametrizing the ionosphere-free combination carrier difference inter-system bias to realize parameter decorrelation: according to equation (16), an observation equation of the GPS/BDS inter-system double-difference ionosphere-free combination after the shared parameters are combined being represented as: ∇ΔϕIFGC1G,q=∇ΔρGC1G,q+λNL,C∇ΔNNL,C1C,q+λNL,C∇ΔδIF,GC+∇ΔTGC1G,q+∇ΔεIF,GC1G,q(17) wherein, ∇ΔδIF,GCrepresents an ionosphere-free combination carrier difference inter-system bias after reparameterization, and ∇Δ⁢δ_IF,GC=∇Δ⁢⁢NIF,GC1G⁢1C+∇ΔδIF,GC+(1-λNL,CλNL,G)⁢Δ⁢⁢NIF,G1G. As a further technical solution of the present invention, the step 3 specifically comprises: step 31: performing GPS reference conversion: assuming that the GPS reference satellite is converted from 1Ginto iGat a tthepoch, a corresponding ionosphere-free combination carrier difference inter-system bias ∇ΔδIF,GC(t) of the tthepoch being: ∇Δ⁢δ_IF,GC⁡(t)=∇Δ⁢δ_IF,GC⁡(t-1)-λNL,GλNL,C⁢∇Δ⁢⁢NIF,G1G,iG=∇ΔδIF,GC+∇Δ⁢⁢NIF,GCiG,1C+(1-λNL,GλNL,C)⁢Δ⁢⁢NIF,GiG(18) wherein, ∇ΔδIF,GC(t−1) is an ionosphere-free combination carrier difference inter-system bias of a (t−1)thepoch; and step 32: performing BDS reference conversion: assuming that the BDS reference satellite is converted from 1Cinto iCat a jthepoch, while the GPS reference satellite at the moment being iGin the step 31, then a corresponding ionosphere-free combination carrier difference inter-system bias ∇ΔδIF,GC(j) of the jthepoch being: ∇Δ⁢δ_IF,GC⁡(j)=∇Δ⁢δ_IF,GC⁡(j-1)+∇Δ⁢⁢NIF,GC1C,iC=∇ΔδIF,GC+∇Δ⁢⁢NIF,GCiG,iC+(1-λNL,GλNL,C)⁢Δ⁢⁢NIF,GiG(19) wherein, ∇ΔδIF,GC(j−1) is an ionosphere-free combination difference carrier inter-system bias of a (j−1)thepoch; so far, the continuous estimability of the ionosphere-free combination carrier difference inter-system bias is realized. As a further technical solution of the present invention, the step 4 specifically comprises: step 41: separating the ambiguity of the GPS L1 and the ambiguity of BDS B1 according to the wide-lane ambiguity obtained in the step 13 by combining the ionosphere-free combination with a wide-lane combination: ∇Δ⁢⁢N1,G1G,s=∇Δ⁢⁢NIF,G1G,s-f2,Gf1,G-f2,G⁢∇Δ⁢⁢N_WL,G1G,s(20)∇Δ⁢⁢N1,C1C,q=∇Δ⁢⁢NIF,C1C,q-f2,Cf1,C-f2,C⁢∇Δ⁢⁢N_WL,C1C,q(21) wherein, ∇ΔN1,G1G,sis a separated ambiguity float solution of the GPS L1, ∇ΔN1,C1C,qis a separated ambiguity float solution of the BDS B1, ∇ΔN1,G1G,sis an integer-ambiguity solution of the GPS L1, and ∇ΔN1,C1C,qis an integer-ambiguity solution of the BDS B1; and step 42: according to the wide-lane ambiguity obtained in the step 13 and the ambiguity of the GPS L1 and the ambiguity of the BDS B1 obtained in the step 41, calculating an integer-ambiguity solution of the GPS L2 and an integer-ambiguity solution of the BDS L2: ∇ΔN2,G1G,s=∇ΔN1,G1G,s−∇ΔNWL,G1G,s,∇ΔN2,C1C,q=∇ΔN1,C1C,q−∇ΔNWL,C1C,q(22) wherein, ∇ΔN2,G1G,sand ∇ΔN1,C1C,qare respectively the integer-ambiguity solutions of the GPS L2 and the BDS B2. As a further technical solution of the present invention, the integer-ambiguity solutions ∇ΔN1,G1G,sand ∇ΔN1,C1C,qof the GPS L1 and the BDS B1 are searched by a least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) method. As a further technical solution of the present invention, the step 5 specifically comprises: forming the double-difference ionosphere-free combination according to the step 21 based on the integer-ambiguity solutions and the carrier observations obtained in the step 41 and the step 42, and substituting the formed ionosphere-free combination and the ionosphere-free combination carrier difference inter-system bias obtained in the step 2 into the equations (5) and (7) for positioning. Compared with the prior art, the present invention employing the above technical solutions has the following technical effects: (1) the present invention uses GNSS inter-system observations of different frequencies to perform the carrier difference tight combined positioning, thus overcoming the defect that the inter-system observations must have the same frequency in the present researches; and (2) the present invention can reduce parameters to be estimated, which is conductive to enhance the stability of an observation model in an shielded environment, and improves the positioning accuracy and reliability. To make the aforementioned more comprehensible, several embodiments accompanied with drawings are described in detail as follows.

11308883

BACKGROUND Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are often used as individually controlled light elements in display assemblies. OLEDs sub-pixels are controlled to provide differing values across a display assembly to reproduce a visual image.

11400900

FIELD The present disclosure relates to optimizing brake wear, and more specifically to selective allocation of friction brake activation for aircraft brakes during taxi. BACKGROUND Vehicles, such as aircraft, often include one or more wheels that include respective friction brakes. The multiple friction brakes on a vehicle may experience undesirable simultaneous wear-out and/or accelerated wear and damage during their lifetime. For example, if certain friction brakes are utilized more or less frequently than others or experience comparatively higher or lower temperatures than other friction brakes on the vehicle, such brakes will be more susceptible to failure and/or may warrant replacement at shorter intervals than others or at the same interval as others. If friction brake temperature reaches excessive levels, cockpit alerts may occur, brakes or associated components may fail, fuse plugs may melt, brake fading may occur, brake seizure/welding may ensue, and/or special cooling procedures may be warranted for the next departure. In other words, if certain friction brakes are utilized more or less frequently than others or experience comparatively higher or lower temperatures than other friction brakes on the vehicle, increased operational, maintenance, and materials costs may adversely affects the operational efficiency and availability of the vehicle. SUMMARY In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides an aircraft comprising a landing gear having a plurality of wheels and a plurality of friction brakes respectively coupled to the plurality of wheels. Each friction brake of the plurality of friction brakes may have a brake material coupled to a respective wheel of the plurality of wheels. The aircraft may further include a controller, and the controller may be configured to communicate with a tangible, non-transitory memory, the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the controller, cause the controller to perform various operations. The various operations may include receiving, by the controller, a braking demand. Still further, the various operations may include selectively allocating, by the controller, which friction brakes of the plurality of friction brakes are utilized in response to the braking demand. In various embodiments, wherein selectively allocating, by the controller, comprises selective activation of a first set of friction brakes of the plurality of friction brakes in response to the braking demand, wherein the first set of friction brakes comprises less than all friction brakes of the plurality of friction brakes such that a second set of friction brakes, which may include a single friction brake, is not utilized in response to the braking demand. In various embodiments, selectively allocating, by the controller, comprises dynamically switching which friction brakes of the plurality of friction brakes are active in response to respective measured brake parameters of the plurality of friction brakes. In various embodiments, the aircraft further comprises a plurality of temperature sensors respectively coupled to the plurality of friction brakes, wherein each temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors is configured to measure a temperature of a respective friction brake of the plurality of friction brakes. The respective measured brake parameters may comprise the temperatures of the plurality of friction brakes from the plurality of temperature sensors. In various embodiments, selectively allocating, by the controller, comprises switching which friction brakes of the plurality of friction brakes are active to achieve and maintain the temperature of the plurality (or a subset of the plurality) of friction brakes within a range. The range may include a minimum temperature and a maximum temperature, wherein the minimum temperature is about 100° F. and the maximum temperature is about 2,000° F. In various embodiments, the range comprises a minimum temperature and a maximum temperature, wherein the minimum temperature is about 200° F. and the maximum temperature is about 1,500° F. In various embodiments, the range comprises a minimum temperature and a maximum temperature, wherein the minimum temperature is about 200° F. and the maximum temperature is about 1,000° F. The aircraft may include a plurality of brake-wear sensors respectively coupled to the plurality of friction brakes, wherein each brake-wear sensor of the plurality of brake-wear sensors is configured to measure an extent-of-wear of a respective friction brake of the plurality of friction brakes. The respective measured brake parameters comprise the extent-of-wear of the plurality of friction brakes from the plurality of brake-wear sensors, according to various embodiments. In such embodiments, wherein selectively allocating, by the controller, comprises dynamically switching which friction brakes of the plurality of friction brakes are active in response to the extent-of-wear of the plurality of friction brakes to distribute and stagger wear to the plurality of friction brakes. In various embodiments, the aircraft further comprises an aircraft sensor configured to measure an aircraft parameter of the aircraft, wherein the operations comprise receiving, by the controller, the aircraft parameter such that selectively allocating, by the controller, is in response to the aircraft parameter. The aircraft parameter may be at least one of a ground speed, an aircraft direction, a vehicle weight, a thrust reverser position, a spoiler position, a gas turbine engine power/speed setting, an auto-brake setting, and a braking configuration. The operations may further include receiving, by the controller, an external parameter such that selectively allocating, by the controller, is in response to the external parameter. The external parameter may be at least one of an outside static air temperature, an outside humidity, a vehicle altitude/pressure, an outside wind speed/direction, an arrival/departure airport/runway/gate, and a target brake wear % for each individual brake. In various embodiments, the various operations performed by the controller include generating respective calculated brake conditions of the plurality of friction brakes in response to the braking demand and the respective measured brake parameters, wherein selectively allocating, by the controller, comprises dynamically switching which friction brakes of the plurality of friction brakes are active in response to the respective calculated brake conditions of the plurality of friction brakes. Also disclosed herein, according to various embodiments, is a method that includes receiving, by a controller, a braking demand and selectively allocating, by the controller, which friction brakes of a plurality of friction brakes are utilized in response to the braking demand. The method may further include receiving, by the controller, measured respective brake parameters of the plurality of friction brakes, wherein selectively allocating, by the controller, comprises dynamically switching which friction brakes of the plurality of friction brakes are active in response to the respective measured brake parameters of the plurality of friction brakes. Still further, the method may include generating respective calculated brake conditions of the plurality of friction brakes in response to the braking demand and the respective measured brake parameters, wherein selectively allocating, by the controller, comprises dynamically switching which friction brakes of the plurality of friction brakes are active in response to the respective calculated brake conditions of the plurality of friction brakes. Also, the method may include receiving, by the controller, at least one of an aircraft parameter and an external parameter, wherein selectively allocating, by the controller, comprises dynamically switching which friction brakes of the plurality of friction brakes are active in response to the aircraft parameter and the external parameter. Also disclosed herein, according to various embodiments, is an article of manufacture including a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by a processor, cause the processor to perform the aforementioned method. The forgoing features and elements may be combined in various combinations without exclusivity, unless expressly indicated herein otherwise. These features and elements as well as the operation of the disclosed embodiments will become more apparent in light of the following description and accompanying drawings.

11337934

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Field of the Invention This disclosure is generally directed to compositions including a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid and methods of treatment using the compositions. In preferred embodiments, the methods of treatment may include treating inflammation. In preferred embodiments, the cannabinoid may include Cannabidiol (CBD). Description of the Related Art Cannabinoids are a class of compounds found in cannabis. Phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a cannabinoid and is regarded as a primary psychoactive compound in cannabis. Cannabidiol (CBD) is another major cannabinoid. There are known to be at least 144 different cannabinoids. Synthetic cannabinoids are also known. They encompass a variety of chemical groups including those structurally related to THC, as well as cannabimimetics including aminoalkylindoles, 1,5-diarylpyrazoles, quinolines, and acylsulfonamides, as well as eicosanoids which are related to endocannabinoids. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid. It can account for up to 40% of a cannabis plant's extract. Cannabidiol (CBD) as a therapeutic can be administered to a mammal in a variety of ways, including inhalation, by oral delivery, transdermal, as well as through an aerosol. It may be supplied as CBD oil, or hemp oil (extract), or in capsules, dried cannabis, and is also available as a prescription liquid solution. CBD is not known to have the same psycho-activity as THC. In the United States, the cannabidiol drug Epidiolex™ was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of epilepsy disorders. The effects of CBD on receptors in the immune system may help reduce overall inflammation in the body. CBD oil may offer benefits for acne management. CBD oil may prevent activity in sebaceous glands. CBD may also prevent cancer cell growth. CBD may also have benefit for neurogenerative disorders. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is known as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. PCA has been variously reported in the literature as having a variety of health benefits. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid is provided. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation comprising administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid to a patient in need thereof. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation including administering a composition including protocatechuic acid and a composition including a cannabinoid to a patient in need thereof. In embodiments, the composition including protocatechuic acid and the composition including a cannabinoid may be administered simultaneously within about 60 minutes of each other. In embodiments, the cannabinoid includes cannabidiol (CBD). The cannabinoid may include a cannabigerol-type compound, cannabichromene-type compound, cannabidiol-type compound, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol-type compound, cannabielsoin-type compound, iso-tetrahydrocannabinol-type compound, cannabicyclol-type compound, and/or a cannabicitran-type compound. The cannabinoid may include tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabiorcol (THCC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), tetrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromevarin CBCV, cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabielsoin (CBE), and/or cannabicitran (CBT). In preferred embodiments, the cannabinoid includes cannabidiol (CBD). In preferred embodiments, the cannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD). PCA is a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammation reagent. Inflammation is fundamental to all disease. CBD can be used as an adjunct to PCA while providing medicinal properties not known to PCA. The pharmacology of CBD in not completely known. Side effects are minimal as reported, but still under investigation. The pharmacology of PCA is well established and PCA has no known adverse side effects; no allergy, no mutagenic, no toxicity. In embodiments, the combination of PCA and CBD allows the dose of CBD to be low or well within the known range, yet still achieving health benefits. Other features and aspects will be apparent from the following detailed description and the claims.

11230159

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a National Stage application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/KR2018/001399, filed on Feb. 1, 2018, which claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0014464, filed on Feb. 1, 2017. The disclosures of the prior applications are incorporated by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cooling and heating cabinet, and particularly, to a cooling and heating cabinet having a heat insulation cavity. BACKGROUND ART A cooling and heating cabinet is provided with a storage space for storing food therein, so that a temperature of the storage space may be maintained at a low or high temperature according to a user selection. In particular, a cooling and heating cabinet for a vehicle is installed in the interior of a vehicle to temporarily keep drinks and small amounts of food. Since capacity of the cooling and heating cabinet for a vehicle is relatively small, a cooling method using a thermoelectric element, rather than using a cooling method using circulation of a refrigerant is generally used. The thermoelectric element is an electronically cooled substrate utilizing the Peltier effect. The Peltier effect refers to a phenomenon in which an electrical current passing through a junction between two types of metal absorbs heat at one terminal and generates heat at the other terminal depending on a direction of the current. According to this cooling method, heat inside the cooling and heating cabinet for a vehicle is absorbed by a heat absorption terminal, and thus, a temperature inside the cooling and heating cabinet may be maintained at a constant temperature or lower. In addition, if the direction of the current flowing through the thermoelectric element is reversed, heat emitted from a heat generation terminal may be transferred to the inside of the cooling and heating cabinet for the vehicle, so that the temperature inside the cooling and heating cabinet may be maintained at a predetermined temperature or higher. Meanwhile, a cooling part such as a heat dissipation plate or a cooling fan may be provided in the cooling and heating cabinet for a vehicle to cool high temperature heat generated from the heat generation terminal. However, the cooling and heating cabinet according to the related art has a problem in that time taken for the inside of a refrigerating chamber to reach a target temperature using only the thermoelectric element is long. In addition, cold air falls and warm air rises inside the refrigerating chamber, resulting in that the temperature of the refrigerating chamber is not uniform. DISCLOSURE Technical Problem It is an object of the present invention to provide a cooling and heating cabinet capable of keeping a temperature of a storage space constant. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cooling and heating cabinet capable of making a temperature of a storage space to be distributed uniformly. Technical Solution To solve the technical problem as described above, there is provided a cooling and heating cabinet including: an inner case having a storage space therein; an outer case disposed to surround the inner case, a heat insulation cavity being provided between the outer case and the inner case; a thermoelectric element module disposed in the heat insulation cavity; a separation panel disposed inside the inner case and having a plurality of through holes; an agitating part disposed between a bottom surface of the inner case and the separation panel and having a magnet and a stirring fan rotating together with the magnet; and a magnetic field generating part disposed outside the outer case and generating a magnetic field to cause the magnet to be rotated. The bottom surface of the inner case may include: a planar portion on which the agitating part is disposed; and a sloped portion connected to an edge of the planar portion and upwardly sloped in a direction away from the planar portion. A width of the planar portion may be larger than a width of the agitating part. An outer edge of the sloped portion may be positioned above the stirring fan. The separation panel may be supported by the sloped portion and disposed horizontally. The agitating part may include: a shaft connected to the stirring fan; and a rotor disposed to surround at least a portion of the shaft on a lower side of the stirring fan and having the magnet to rotate the shaft. The magnetic field generating part may include: a stator core disposed to be spaced apart from an outer circumference of the rotor; and a coil provided on the stator core and generating a magnetic field by an alternating current applied thereto. At least a portion of the planar portion may be depressed downward to form an inner depressed portion, the outer case may have an outer depressed portion corresponding to the inner depressed portion, the heat insulation cavity being provided between the inner depressed portion and the outer depressed portion, the rotor may be disposed in the inner depressed portion, and the magnetic field generating part may be provided on an outer circumference of the outer depressed portion. The magnet may have a bar shape or a circular shape, and the magnetic field generating part may include: a motor; and an external magnet rotated by the motor to generate a magnetic field. The cooling and heating cabinet may further include: a rotary shaft penetrating through the agitating part and disposed to be perpendicular to the agitating part. The cooling and heating cabinet may further include: a lower support portion supporting a lower side of the agitating part; and an upper support portion supporting an upper side of the agitating part, wherein the lower support portion and the upper support portion may have a conical shape having a diameter reduced toward the agitating part. The cooling and heating cabinet may further include: a guide portion disposed to be perpendicular between the bottom surface of the inner case and the separation panel, wherein the guide portion may have a plurality of auxiliary through holes. The plurality of through holes may include: an intake hole overlapping the agitating part and allowing air to be intaken from an upper side of the separation panel to a lower side of the separation panel; and a discharge hole facing the sloped portion and allowing air to be discharged from the lower side of the separation panel to the upper side of the separation panel. The separation panel may have an intake hole group having a plurality of intake holes and a discharge hole group having a plurality of discharge holes, and a pair of discharge hole groups may be spaced apart from each other with the intake hole group interposed therebetween. The separation panel may have a lattice structure. Advantageous Effect According to the present invention, since the storage space is insulated from the outside by the insulating cavity structure of the case, a temperature of the storage space may be maintained constant. In addition, since the agitating part is rotated by a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating part, the agitating part may be rotated, while maintaining the heat insulating cavity structure, and the temperature of the storage space may be evenly distributed by stirring air by the agitating part.

11289530

BACKGROUND Wafer-level manufacturing using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has enabled the incorporation of camera modules in many applications including automotive, security and mobile devices. For example,FIG. 1depicts a camera190imaging a scene. Camera190includes an image-sensor100, which includes a pixel array154. In an embodiment, pixel array154is an array of individual pixels formed in a semiconductor wafer substrate such as silicon. Similar cameras used in automotive applications include, for example, a back-up camera, as well as front and side cameras. There is a continuous demand for greater resolution in image sensors, preferably achieved by increasing the number of pixels on a wafer while maintaining the overall image sensor at the same dimension or even smaller. The more pixels in the image sensor, the greater the resolution of an image captured by the image sensor. This can be accomplished both by reducing pixel size so that more pixels may be placed on the wafer or by reducing the space between pixels. Each pixel in an image sensor includes several devices including, for example, a photodiode and a plurality of transistors. For effective functioning, devices in an image sensor must be electrically isolated from each other. However, as pixel size becomes smaller, device isolation becomes more difficult, particularly with respect to current leakage between devices. Shallow trench isolation (STI) is a semiconductor processing technique of etching trenches in the wafer substrate to isolate pixels and individual devices within pixels, however, this technique often leads to trap-assisted-tunneling and increased dark current, especially when used in high temperature environments such as those frequently found in automotive applications. FIGS. 2A and 2Bshow an image sensor formed in a semiconductor substrate in a plan view. A photodiode202, transfer transistors204and a floating diffusion node206are formed in a photodiode region200of the substrate having a first conductive type, e.g. N-type. Reset transistor208, source-follower transistor210and row select transistor212are formed in a pixel transistor region214of the substrate having a second conductive type opposite to the first conductive type, e.g. P-type. Photodiode202in photodiode region200and transistors in pixel transistor region214must be electrically isolated from each other. FIG. 2Adepicts a pixel with a shallow trench isolation structure216between photodiode region200and pixel transistor region214. Shallow trench isolation (STI) is a semiconductor processing technique of etching trenches in a wafer substrate and filling them with a dielectric to isolate pixels and individual devices within pixels. Silicon dangling bonds on the walls and bottom of STI structure216resulting from etching can contribute to increased dark current. Dangling bonds or broken bonds formed along the trench sidewall or between a silicon dioxide and silicon interface form trap sites. These trap sites may trap electrons or holes during operation, thus generating current inside or near the photodiode region of individual pixels and contributing to dark current or electrical current generated in photodiode region in absence of incident light. One method used to address this problem is a surface treatment process of thermal annealing and liner oxidation that grows a thin oxide layer on STI structure sidewalls, however this method still leaves enough Si dangling bonds to cause dark current. Another method is boron implantation to passivate the STI-Si-interface, however, boron diffuses into the silicon surrounding the trench and thus impacts the full well capacity of photodiode by reducing photodiode area. Thus, these processes do not completely resolve silicon dangling bonds. The problem of dangling bonds may be avoided by using a boron implant area to isolate devices.FIG. 2Bdepicts the pixel ofFIG. 2Awith a boron implant area218separating photodiode region200from pixel transistor region214instead of an STI structure. However, using boron ion-implantation to isolate devices in a pixel also creates issues. These include high lateral diffusion of boron atoms into areas of the substrate adjacent to the boron ion-implantation. This lowers the full well capacity (FWC), or dynamic range, in photodiode areas. It also degrades the isolation resolution and causes high junction leakage by an abrupt Boron to N+ junction. SUMMARY OF THE EMBODIMENTS In a first aspect, a CMOS image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate having a photodiode region and a pixel transistor region separated by a shallow trench isolation (STI) structure, the substrate having a front-side surface forming a trench extending into the semiconductor substrate and having a trench depth D relative to a planar region of the front-side surface and a trench width W at the front-side surface of the substrate. The STI structure of the CMOS image sensor includes a first layer of un-doped semiconductor material epitaxially grown in the trench and a second layer of doped semiconductor material epitaxially grown on the first layer, the second layer filling the trench and forming a protrusion above the front-side of the semiconductor substrate and a gate oxide layer and a gate electrode of the pixel transistor formed on the front-side surface second layer. In a second aspect, a method of forming a target shallow trench isolation (STI) structure in a semiconductor substrate of an image sensor includes patterning and etching a trench having a bottom and sidewalls in the semiconductor substrate, said trench having a depth (D) deeper than a target depth (TD) of the target STI structure relative to a planar region of a front-side surface of the semiconductor surface and a width (W) wider than a critical dimension (CD) of the target STI structure at the front-side surface; growing a first epitaxial layer of un-doped semiconductor material in the trench until the depth equals the target depth TD and the width equals the critical dimension CD; and growing a second epitaxial layer of doped semiconductor material until the trench is filled and the second layer forms a protrusion above a front-side surface of the substrate.

11420329

BACKGROUND The invention generally relates to sortation systems, and relates in particular to robotic and other sortation systems that are intended to be used in dynamic environments requiring the sortation system to accommodate processing a variety of objects in both homogeneous and heterogeneous arrangements. Many order fulfillment operations achieve high efficiency by employing a process in which orders are picked from warehouse shelves and placed into bins that are sorted downstream. At the sorting stage individual articles are identified, and multi-article orders are consolidated into a single bin or shelf location so that they may be packed and then shipped to customers. The process of sorting these articles has been done by hand. A human sorter picks an article from an incoming bin, finds the barcode on the object, scans the barcode with a handheld or fixed-mount barcode scanner, determines from the scanned barcode the appropriate bin or shelf location for the article, and then places the article in the so-determined bin or shelf location where all articles for that order go. There remains a need, therefore, for an object identification, sortation, grasp selection, and motion planning system for a robotic system that is able to accommodate the automated identification and processing of a variety of objects in a variety of orientations. SUMMARY In accordance with an embodiment, the invention provides a sortation system for providing processing of homogenous and non-homogenous objects in both structured and cluttered environments. The sortation system includes a programmable motion device including an end effector, a perception system for recognizing any of the identity, location, or orientation of an object presented in a plurality of objects, a grasp selection system for selecting a grasp location on the object, the grasp location being chosen to provide a secure grasp of the object by the end effector to permit the object to be moved from the plurality of objects to one of a plurality of destination locations, and a motion planning system for providing a motion path for the transport of the object when grasped by the end effector from the plurality of objects to the one of the plurality of destination locations, wherein the motion path is chosen to provide a path from the plurality of objects to the one of the plurality of destination locations. In accordance with another embodiment, the invention provides a sortation system including a programmable motion device for use in an environment that includes an input area containing objects to be processed, and destination locations at which processed objects are to be placed. The sortation system includes a perception system for providing data representative of an image of at least a portion of the input area containing objects to be processed, an end effector for engaging objects in the input area, a grasp location selection system for determining a grasp location for grasping an object in the input area containing objects to be processed, and a grasp direction selection system for determining a grasp direction from which to grasp the object in the input area containing objects to be processed. In accordance with a further embodiment, the invention provides a sortation method of processing objects received at an input area into destination locations. The method includes the steps of providing data representative of an image of at least a portion of the input area, determining a grasp location for grasping an object in the input area, determining a grasp direction from which to grasp the object in the input area, and engaging the object in the input area using an end effector.

11281448

TECHNICAL FIELD Embodiments presented herein relate to a method, a node manager, a computer program, and a computer program product for online firmware upgrade of a node in a process control system. BACKGROUND Process control systems of today have a controller centric architecture, i.e. each controller executes a set of control logic applications using input/output (I/O) interfaces and devices connected to the controller, or via fieldbuses connected to the controller. I/O interfaces and devices are configured and scanned by the controller, which makes the controller dependent on knowledge about the hardware topology as well as I/O interface, device and fieldbus specific implementations. Access of I/O interfaces and device data from upper system levels is routed through the controller, and sometimes requires modifications of the control logic. Process control systems of today require redundant controller hardware, redundant gateway hardware, redundant device hardware etc., to support online firmware upgrade. This has a cost in terms of extra hardware, and sometimes also extra engineering. During an online firmware upgrade there might be a small unneglectable risk that the new firmware version has an unforeseen and undesirable impact on the control system runtime behavior and dynamics, which in worst case can result in production losses. Hence, there is still a need for an improved firmware upgrade of process control systems. SUMMARY An object of embodiments herein is to provide efficient firmware upgrade of a process control system. According to a first aspect there is presented a method for online firmware upgrade of a node in a process control system. The node comprises components. Each component is a separate executable running in a separate operating system process as provided by a real time operating system of the node. The method is performed by a node manager of the node to be upgraded. The method comprises creating a new component for each of the at least one of the components to be upgraded such that each new component is implementing a part of the firmware upgrade corresponding to its component to be upgraded, and where each new component is a separate executable running in a separate operating system process. The method comprises synchronizing runtime data in each new component with runtime data of its corresponding component to be upgraded. The method comprises replacing the at least one component to be upgraded with its new component and thereby upgrading the node. According to a second aspect there is presented a node manager for online firmware upgrade of a node in a process control system. The node manager comprises processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to cause the node manager to perform a method according to the first aspect. According to a third aspect there is presented a process control system comprising at least one node and node manager according to the second aspect. According to a fourth aspect there is presented a computer program for online firmware upgrade of a node in a process control system, the computer program comprising computer program code which, when run on a node manager, causes the node manager to perform a method according to the first aspect. According to a fifth aspect there is presented a computer program product comprising a computer program according to the fourth aspect and a computer readable storage medium on which the computer program is stored. The computer readable storage medium could be a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. Advantageously this provides efficient firmware upgrade of the node in the process control system. Advantageously this enables online upgrade of the firmware of a singular component or a set of components in non-redundant controllers, gateways, and devices as well as redundant controllers, gateways, and devices. Advantageously this can be combined with performance evaluation of the new components. Advantageously, such evaluation of the control system behavior can be used to avoid unforeseen, and undesirable, impacts on the control system runtime behavior and dynamics. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following detailed disclosure, from the attached dependent claims as well as from the drawings. Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to “a/an/the element, apparatus, component, means, module, process block, etc.” are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, module, process block, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The process blocks of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated.