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ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืคืฆ'ื™ื ื™ (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Pacinian corpuscle), ืื• ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ื”ืœื•ื—ื™ืชื™ (TH: corpusculum lamellosum), ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ื—ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืจ, ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืจื˜ื˜.
ื–ื”ื• ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ื—ื™ืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื’ื•ืคื™ืคื™ ื—ื™ืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ื, ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžื™ื™ืกื ืจ ื•ืจืคื™ื ื™. ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื›ืž"ืž ืื—ื“, ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ื“ืจืžื™ืก ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืžืขื˜ืคื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืœ, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืžื•. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื˜ืคืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ื‘ื“. ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื•ื’ื“ืœ, ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ื–ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ืื‘ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืคืกื™ืช.
ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืคืฆ'ื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืงืฆื” ืขืฆื‘ ืชื—ื•ืฉืชื™ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืื™ ืฉื•ื•ืืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืชืืžื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื ื•ื–ืœ (ืื•ืœื˜ืจื-ืคื™ืœื˜ืจื˜). ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ, ื ื•ืฆืจ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ืžืžื‘ืจื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ, ืฆื•ืจืชืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื”, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื“ื”-ืคื•ืœืจื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื‘ ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉืชื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช.
ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ืกื˜ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ืคื™ืœื™ืคื• ืคืฆ'ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1831 ื•ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•.
ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืžื™ื™ืกื ืจ
ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืžื™ื™ืกื ืจ (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Meissner's corpuscle) ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ื—ื™ืฉื” ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื•ืจ, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืคืฆ'ื™ื ื™ ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืจืคื™ื ื™. ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ืข, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื“ืจืžื™ืก ื”ืคืคื™ืœืจื™ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจ ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื.
ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจ ื”ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืชืื™ ืฉื•ื•ืืŸ, ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื“ื ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ืขืฆื‘ ืกื ืกื•ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ืกืคื™ืจืœื™ืช.
ืœื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ื—ื™ืฉื” ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื“ืจื™ื 10-50 ื”ืจืฅ.
ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืจืคื™ื ื™
ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืจืคื™ื ื™ (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Ruffini's corpuscle) ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ื—ื™ืฉื” ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื’ื•ืคื™ืคื™ ื—ื™ืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืคืฆ'ื™ื ื™ ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืžื™ื™ืกื ืจ.
ื–ื”ื• ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืžื™ืงืจื•ืžื˜ืจ ืื—ื“) ื‘ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืฆืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื™ืช, ืืœื™ื• ื ื›ื ืก ืขืฆื‘ ืกื ืกื•ืจื™.
ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื™ืฃ ืจืคื™ื ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ื“ืจืžื™ืก ืกื™ื‘ ื”ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื–ื–, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืžืžื‘ืจื ื” ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ื” ืคื•ืœืจื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช.
ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ (ืคื™ืค"ื)
ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืค"ื (ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช: FIFA Ballon d'Or) ื”ื™ื” ืคืจืก ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื ืชื™ ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ืช ืฉื—ืœืคื”. ื”ืคืจืก ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืžื˜ืขื ืคื™ืค"ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2010โ€“2015, ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืก ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ "ืคืจืื ืก ืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ" ื”ื—ืœ ืž-1959 ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืก ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืค"ื ืžืฉื ืช 1991. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016 ื”ืคืจืก ืคื•ืฆืœ ืฉื•ื‘, "ืคืจืื ืก ืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ" ื—ื–ืจ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ื•ืคื™ืค"ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืชืช ืืช ืคืจืก The Best.
ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ืœื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื”ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืจืกื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ 208 ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืค"ื, ื›ืฉืžื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืืžืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืงืคื˜ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช.
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ืขื ืงื• ืคืจืกื™ื ื’ื ืœืžืืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื”, ืžืืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืคืจืก ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืคืจื ืฅ ืคื•ืฉืงืฉ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ื‘ื—ืจื• 11 ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื˜ืงืก ื”ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ืช 2010 ื ืขืจืš ื‘-10 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2011 ื‘ืฆื™ืจื™ืš ืฉื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ.
ืœื™ื•ื ืœ ืžืกื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืก ื–ื”, ืขื ืืจื‘ืข ื–ื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืก ื–ื”.
ื ืขืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ (ืคื™ืค"ื)
ืืงื ืชื•ื–ื™ืก
ืืงื ืชื•ื–ื™ืก (ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื•ืขื–ื™: Acanthosis) ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืคืจืคืœื–ื™ื” (ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืื™ื) ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”- stratum spinosum ืฉื‘ืืคื™ื“ืจืžื™ืก, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ื˜ื™ื.
ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืชืขื‘ื” ื”ืืคื™ื“ืจืžื™ืก.
ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืืงื ืชื•ื–ื™ืก ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื pseudoephitheliomatous hyperplasia ืื• pseudo cancerous hyperplasia.
ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืžื™ืก.
ืืงื ืชื•ื–ื™ืก ื ื™ื’ืจื™ืงื ืก ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ, ื‘ืžืคืฉืขื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืฉื—ื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื (ืฉืคื™ืจื™ื ืื• ืžืžืื™ืจื™ื) ื”ื ืจืื™ื ื›ื™ื‘ืœื•ืช. ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืืงื ืชื•ื–ื™ืก ื ื™ื’ืจื™ืงื ืก ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžืกื•ื›ืจืช ื•ืืฆืœ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ืงื•ืจื™ื™ืจ
ืงื•ืจื™ื™ืจ (ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืจื•ืกื™: ะšัƒั€ัŒะตั€) ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืคืฅ ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ 1991โ€“1998 ื•ืžืื– ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
"ืงื•ืจื™ื™ืจ" ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื’ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื. ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื‘-10 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1997, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ.
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืžื ื” "ืงื•ืจื™ื™ืจ" 16 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืจื—ื‘. ืขื•ืจื›ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืกื™ื ืจื–ื ื™ืง, ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืื™ืœื™ื” ืจื–ื ื™ืง, ื•ื”ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื ื” ืงื ื•ืคื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื›ืœืœ ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ื–ืžืจืช ืืœื” ืคื•ื’ืฆ'ื‘ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจืš.
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 1998 ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืคืก ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ "ืงื•ืจื™ื™ืจ". ื›ืชื‘ืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ.
ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื•ื–ื™ืก
ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื•ื–ื™ืก (ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื•ืขื–ื™: Dyskeratosis; ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช: ื”ึดืชึฐืงึธืจึฐื ื•ึผืช ืœื-ืชึฐืงึดื™ื ึธื”) ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืจื ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ื ื‘ืืคื™ื“ืจืžื™ืก.
ื”ืงืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืชืื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืืคื™ื“ืจืžื™ืก (ื›-90% ืžืชืื™ ื”ืืคื™ื“ืจืžื™ืก). ืžืงื•ืจ ืชืื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื–ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื ืžืชืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืชืื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืงืจื˜ื™ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืจ ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืงืจื˜ื™ืŸ.
ื”ืงืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืงืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืคื•ืคื™ืœืžื ื˜ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื ื•ืคื™ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ื.
ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื•ื–ื™ืก, ืชืื™ื ืืœื• ืžื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืจ ืžื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™. ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืฉืจืช ืขืœ ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื โ€“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืชืื™ื ืขื ืฆื™ื˜ื•ืคืœื–ืžื” ืืื•ื–ื™ื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืฉืœ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืชื. ืชืื™ื ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื•ื–ื™ืก ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Erythema multiforme, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Lichen planus.
ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ื›ืกื™ืช