PDBEurope/protein_structure_NER_model_v1.4

Overview

This data was used to train model: https://huggingface.co/PDBEurope/BiomedNLP-PubMedBERT-ProteinStructure-NER-v1.4

There are 19 different entity types in this dataset: "chemical", "complex_assembly", "evidence", "experimental_method", "gene", "mutant", "oligomeric_state", "protein", "protein_state", "protein_type", "ptm", "residue_name", "residue_name_number","residue_number", "residue_range", "site", "species", "structure_element", "taxonomy_domain"

The data prepared as IOB formated input has been used during training, develiopment and testing. Additional data formats such as JSON and XML as well as CSV files are also available and are described below.

Annotation was carried out with the free annotation tool TeamTat (https://www.teamtat.org/) and documents were downloaded as BioC XML before converting them to IOB, annotation only JSON and CSV format.

The number of annotations and sentences in each file is given below:

document ID	number of annotations in BioC XML	number of annotations in IOB/JSON/CSV	number of sentences
PMC4850273	1121	1121	204
PMC4784909	865	865	204
PMC4850288	716	708	146
PMC4887326	933	933	152
PMC4833862	1044	1044	192
PMC4832331	739	718	134
PMC4852598	1229	1218	250
PMC4786784	1549	1549	232
PMC4848090	987	985	191
PMC4792962	1268	1268	256
PMC4841544	1434	1433	273
PMC4772114	825	825	166
PMC4872110	1276	1276	253
PMC4848761	887	883	252
PMC4919469	1628	1616	336
PMC4880283	771	771	166
PMC4937829	625	625	181
PMC4968113	1238	1238	292
PMC4854314	481	471	139
PMC4871749	383	383	76
total	19999	19930	4095

Documents and annotations are easiest viewed by using the BioC XML files and opening them in free annotation tool TeamTat. More about the BioC format can be found here: https://bioc.sourceforge.net/

Raw BioC XML files

These are the raw, un-annotated XML files for the publications in the dataset in BioC format. The files are found in the directory: "raw_BioC_XML". There is one file for each document and they follow standard naming "unique PubMedCentral ID"_raw.xml.

Annotations in IOB format

The IOB formated files can be found in the directory: "annotation_IOB" The four files are as follows:

• all.tsv --> all sentences and annotations used to create model "PDBEurope/BiomedNLP-PubMedBERT-ProteinStructure-NER-v1.4"; 4095 sentences
• train.tsv --> training subset of the data; 2866 sentences
• dev.tsv --> development subset of the data; 614 sentences
• test.tsv --> testing subset of the data; 615 sentences

The total number of annotations is: 19930

Annotations in BioC JSON

The BioC formated JSON files of the publications have been downloaded from the annotation tool TeamTat. The files are found in the directory: "annotated_BioC_JSON" There is one file for each document and they follow standard naming "unique PubMedCentral ID"_ann.json

Each document JSON contains the following relevant keys:

• "sourceid" --> giving the numerical part of the unique PubMedCentral ID
• "text" --> containing the complete raw text of the publication as a string
• "denotations" --> containing a list of all the annotations for the text

Each annotation is a dictionary with the following keys:

• "span" --> gives the start and end of the annotatiom span defined by sub keys:
  • "begin" --> character start position of annotation
  • "end" --> character end position of annotation
• "obj" --> a string containing a number of terms that can be separated by ","; the order of the terms gives the following: entity type, reference to ontology, annotator, time stamp
• "id" --> unique annotation ID

Here an example:

[{"sourceid":"4784909",
  "sourcedb":"",
  "project":"",
  "target":"",
  "text":"",
  "denotations":[{"span":{"begin":24,
                          "end":34},
                  "obj":"chemical,CHEBI:,[email protected],2023-03-21T15:19:42Z",
                  "id":"4500"},
                 {"span":{"begin":50,
                          "end":59},
                  "obj":"taxonomy_domain,DUMMY:,[email protected],2023-03-21T15:15:03Z",
                  "id":"1281"}]
  }
]

Annotations in BioC XML

The BioC formated XML files of the publications have been downloaded from the annotation tool TeamTat. The files are found in the directory: "annotated_BioC_XML" There is one file for each document and they follow standard naming "unique PubMedCentral ID_ann.xml

The key XML tags to be able to visualise the annotations in TeamTat as well as extracting them to create the training data are "passage" and "offset". The "passage" tag encloses a text passage or paragraph to which the annotations are linked. "Offset" gives the passage/ paragraph offset and allows to determine the character starting and ending postions of the annotations. The tag "text" encloses the raw text of the passage.

Each annotation in the XML file is tagged as below:

• "annotation id=" --> giving the unique ID of the annotation
• "infon key="type"" --> giving the entity type of the annotation
• "infon key="identifier"" --> giving a reference to an ontology for the annotation
• "infon key="annotator"" --> giving the annotator
• "infon key="updated_at"" --> providing a time stamp for annotation creation/update
• "location" --> start and end character positions for the annotated text span
  • "offset" --> start character position as defined by offset value
  • "length" --> length of the annotation span; sum of "offset" and "length" creates the end character position

Here is a basic example of what the BioC XML looks like. Additional tags for document management are not given. Please refer to the documenttation to find out more.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE collection SYSTEM "BioC.dtd">
<collection>
  <source>PMC</source>
  <date>20140719</date>
  <key>pmc.key</key>
  <document>
    <id>4784909</id>
    <passage>
      <offset>0</offset>
      <text>The Structural Basis of Coenzyme A Recycling in a Bacterial Organelle</text>
      <annotation id="4500">
        <infon key="type">chemical</infon>
        <infon key="identifier">CHEBI:</infon>
        <infon key="annotator">[email protected]</infon>
        <infon key="updated_at">2023-03-21T15:19:42Z</infon>
        <location offset="24" length="10"/>
        <text>Coenzyme A</text>
      </annotation>
    </passage>
  </document>
</collection>

Annotations in CSV

The annotations and the relevant sentences they have been found in have also been made available as tab-separated CSV files, one for each publication in the dataset. The files can be found in directory "annotation_CSV". Each file is named as "unique PubMedCentral ID".csv.

The column labels in the CSV files are as follows:

• "anno_start" --> character start position of the annotation
• "anno_end" --> character end position of the annotation
• "anno_text" --> text covered by the annotation
• "entity_type" --> entity type of the annotation
• "sentence" --> sentence text in which the annotation was found
• "section" --> publication section in which the annotation was found

Annotations in JSON

A combined JSON file was created only containing the relevant sentences and associated annotations for each publication in the dataset. The file can be found in directory "annotation_JSON" under the name "annotations.json".

The following keys are used:

• "PMC4850273" --> unique PubMedCentral of the publication
• "annotations" --> list of dictionaries for the relevant, annotated sentences of the document; each dictionary has the following sub keys
  • "sid" --> unique sentence ID
  • "sent" --> sentence text as string
  • "section" --> publication section the sentence is in
  • "ner" --> nested list of annotations; each sublist contains the following items: start character position, end character position, annotation text, entity type

Here is an example of a sentence and its annotations:

{"PMC4850273": {"annotations":
                [{"sid": 0,
                  "sent": "Molecular Dissection of Xyloglucan Recognition in a Prominent Human Gut Symbiont",
                  "section": "TITLE",
                  "ner": [
                    [24,34,"Xyloglucan","chemical"],
                    [62,67,"Human","species"],]
                 },]
}}