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"Crocodylus" affinis [SEP] Phylogenetic relationships and divergence timing of Crocodylus based on morphology and the fossil record". Copeia. 2000 (3): 657–673. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0657:pradto]2.0.co;2. Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018). " Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 285 (1881). doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071. PMC 6030529. PMID 30051855.

"Crocodylus" affinis [SEP] Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27). " Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 505. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0. ISSN 2399-3642.

"Crocodylus" affinis [SEP] PMC 8079395. PMID 33907305.

"Dragons" armchair [SEP] The chair is a wooden upholstered armchair featuring two stylized lacquered dragons. It measures 61 by 91 cm. The chair was described by auctioneers Christie's as being: "In the form of unfurling petals, upholstered in brown leather, the frame in sculpted wood, lacquered brownish orange and silver and modelled as the serpentine, intertwined bodies of two dragons, their eyes in black lacquer on a white ground, their bodies decorated in low relief with stylised clouds."

"Dragons" armchair [SEP] Christie's additionally felt that the chair "...distills all that was so personal and so magical in the first, intimately expressive phase of Miss Gray's career — surprising, imaginative, subtly sculpted and crafted, it is a masterpiece of invention and execution." Jennifer Goff, the curator of the National Museum of Ireland's permanent exhibition of Gray's work, felt that the chair was the "perfect example of the designer who created it – completely unique [and] rather eccentric".

"Dragons" armchair [SEP] The dragon imagery and clouds depicted on the chair have been likened to those found in the iconography of traditional Chinese art, and the flowing nature of the ornately carved armrests have been compared to a "sea monster" and given the chair its "Dragons" moniker. Gray worked on the chair between 1917 and 1919, lacquering the piece by hand and letting the lacquer set in her humid bathroom before spending days polishing the piece. The chair's first owner was Gray's patron, Suzanne Talbot.

"Dragons" armchair [SEP] It was acquired by Parisian art dealer Cheska Vallois in 1971 for $2,700 and then sold by Vallois to the French fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent in 1973. The chair was put up for sale as part of the Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Bergé collection in February 2009 at Christie's auction house in Paris. It sold for €21,905,000 against a pre-sale estimate of €2-3 million, establishing a new record for a piece of 20th century decorative art.

"Dragons" armchair [SEP] The price beat the previous record by $22 million. The 2009 buyer of the chair was once again Cheska Vallois who later said that the cost of acquiring it was "the price of desire". The chair was bought by Vallois for an unknown third party erroneously reported to be Henry and Marie-Josée Kravis in March 2009. " Fauteuil Aux Dragons, Vers 1917-1919". Christie's. Retrieved 12 April 2016. Ray Edgar (25 September 2015). " Are you sitting down?

"Dragons" armchair [SEP] How a $43m chair brought to light a forgotten designer". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 April 2016. Anthony Flint (2014). Modern Man: The Life of Le Corbusier, Architect of Tomorrow. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-544-26222-5. "Small brown armchair sells for £19 million". The Daily Telegraph. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2016. Mark Van De Walle (5 May 2011). "

"Dragons" armchair [SEP] Eileen Gray's Modern Masterpieces". Departures. Retrieved 12 April 2016. "YSL's seat sells for £19million". Metro.co.uk. 25 February 2009. Sterjova, Milica (2017-09-27). " The "Dragons" armchair by Eileen Gray is the most expensive chair ever sold at auction". Walls with Stories. Archived from the original on 2021-03-21. Retrieved 2022-04-06. Mackenzie, James (25 February 2009). "

"Dragons" armchair [SEP] Record-breaking YSL auction shrugs off crisis". Reuters. Retrieved 25 February 2009. "Correction: Yves Saint Laurent". The Economist. 12 March 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2016.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] As a precedent between August 7, 2002 and August 6, 2004, more than six thousand people were released from liberty, violating agreements and norms established within human rights. Many of the cases lacked due process. Thus, for this period there were arrests without substantiated evidence, mass arrests that ignored international law amid military operations and arrests used as a mechanism for political persecution. The scandal broke in 2008, when 22 men from Soacha who had been recruited for work were found dead several hundred miles away.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] A recruiter later testified that he had received $500 from the Colombian military for each man he recruited and delivered to them. In June 2012, six members of the army were sentenced to long prison sentences in that case. After the 2008 Soacha discoveries, defense minister Juan Manuel Santos denied knowledge of the scheme, fired 27 officers including three generals and changed the army's body count system. General Mario Montoya, commander of the Colombian Army, resigned on November 4, 2008.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] President Alvaro Uribe ordered the cases to be handled by civilian courts to ensure impartiality. According to reports in 2009, both Defense Minister Santos and President Uribe have claimed that there were cases of false denunciations where legitimate killings were presented as "false positives" in order to stain the name of the military and undermine military morale. Accusations of similar cases had occurred much earlier.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] A recently declassified 1990 cable by U.S. Ambassador Thomas McNamara reported on a case involving nine men who were killed by the military, dressed in military fatigues and presented as guerrilleros. Similar extrajudicial executions have been reported throughout the 1990s. In June 2009, UN special rapporteur Philip Alston carried out an investigation of extrajudicial executions in Colombia. He reported: The victim is lured under false pretenses by a "recruiter" to a remote location. There, the individual is killed soon after arrival by members of the military.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] The scene is then manipulated to make it appear as if the individual was legitimately killed in combat. The victim is commonly photographed wearing a guerrilla uniform, and holding a gun or grenade. Victims are often buried anonymously in communal graves, and the killers are rewarded for the results they have achieved in the fight against the guerillas. [...]

"False positives" scandal [SEP] I interviewed witnesses and survivors who described very similar killings in the departments of Antioquia, Arauca, Valle del Cauca, Casanare, Cesar, Cordoba, Huila, Meta, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander, Sucre, and Vichada. A significant number of military units were thus involved. [...]

"False positives" scandal [SEP] Evidence showing victims dressed in camouflage outfits which are neatly pressed, or wearing clean jungle boots which are four sizes too big for them, or lefthanders holding guns in their right hand, or men with a single shot through the back of their necks, further undermines the suggestion that these were guerillas killed in combat. [...]

"False positives" scandal [SEP] I have found no evidence to suggest that these killings were carried out as a matter of official Government policy, or that they were directed by, or carried out with the knowledge of, the President or successive Defence Ministers. On the other hand, the explanation favoured by many in Government – that the killings were carried out on a small scale by a few bad apples – is equally unsustainable.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] In 2011, a colonel of the Colombian army received a sentence of 21 years in prison for his admitted involvement in the killing of two peasants who were then presented as guerrilleros. He also admitted that his unit had carried out 57 similar murders. He claimed that he learned of previous "false positive" killings when he first arrived at his unit, and was warned by Defence Minister Santos to obtain measurable results or lose his position. He later testified at other "false positive" trials.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] In 2013 a Colombian radio station played a tape on which the colonel is overheard extorting other army members with offers not to testify against them. The International Federation for Human Rights produced a report on the scandal in May 2012, alleging over 3,000 civilian victims between 2002 and 2008. The group asked the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court prosecutor to open an investigation, as "those who bear the greatest responsibility for these crimes are not being investigated or prosecuted in Colombia."

"False positives" scandal [SEP] Former defense minister Santos was elected President of Colombia in 2010; in 2012 he backed legislation that has been criticized by human rights groups because they fear it could potentially revert the "false positive" cases to military courts. The text of a 2013 law which regulated and implemented the previous 2012 reform includes extrajudicial executions among a list of crimes which will continue to remain under civilian court jurisdiction and will not be submitted to military courts.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] Critics have expressed concern that the defense lawyers of military personnel accused in false positive cases may argue that their crimes are not extrajudicial executions (which were previously not defined as a crime in the Colombian penal code) but homicides, as a way to avoid the jurisdiction of civilian courts and request a transfer to military courts. Legislators who supported the bill have argued that another paragraph in the law expressly states that cases of false positives currently in civilian justice cannot be transferred to the military justice system.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] According to the report of the working group on the arbitrary detention of the United Nations, arbitrary deprivation of liberty has been used in other countries as one of the most common practices to imprison political opponents, religious dissidents or to restrict the freedom of expression, it has been found that these imprisonments are also based on the fight against terrorism. In June 2015, Human Rights Watch presented a report on the scandal. At that point, about 800 people, mostly ordinary soldiers, had been convicted in related cases.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] The report criticized that the majority of cases had been handled by military courts, in contradiction to a Supreme Court ruling. Military judges had suppressed evidence and manipulated crime scenes. Whistleblowers were punished. According to the report, both commander of the armed forces General Juan Pablo Rodríguez and top army chief General Jaime Lasprilla had formerly headed units that committed extrajudicial killings. In July 2016, President Santos rejected the report's claims that high military commanders had escaped punishment for extrajudicial killings.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] At the same time, he dismissed General Jaime Alfonso Lasprilla, marine commander Admiral Hernando Wills, and air force commander General Guillermo León. Massacre of El Amparo, a 1988 event where Venezuelan military and police falsely claimed they were attacked by guerillas and killed 14 fishermen 2021 Apure clashes "In Colombia, 6 sentenced in 'false positives' death scheme". Los Angeles Times. June 14, 2012.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] "La JEP hace pública la estrategia de priorización dentro del Caso 03, conocido como el de falsos positivos". JEP (in Spanish). 2021-02-18. Retrieved 2022-07-13. Daniels, Joe Parkin (2018-05-08). " Colombian army killed thousands more civilians than reported, study claims". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-08-09. "Libertad: Rehén de la seguridad democrática - Mi sitio SPIP". 22 September 2014.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] Archived from the original on 22 September 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2019. "Colombian soldiers paid $500 for victims to boost kill counts: Testimony". Colombia Reports. 5 December 2011. "Colombian army commander resigns". BBC News. 4 November 2008. "Toxic fallout of Colombian scandal". BBC News. 7 May 2009. "Colombia's "False Positives" Scandal, Declassified". National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 266. January 7, 2009.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] "Statement by Professor Philip Alston, UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial executions - Mission to Colombia 8-18 June 2009". "Colombian colonel jailed for killings of civilians made to look like rebels". The Telegraph. 15 July 2011. "El nuevo lío del coronel que confesó 57 'falsos positivos'". Semana. 2013-01-22. "FIDH and the Coordinación Colombia Europa Estados Unidos call upon the ICC Prosecutor to open an investigation into crimes against humanity committed in Colombia".

"False positives" scandal [SEP] FIDH. 21 June 2012. "For Colombia's military, a new era of reduced civilian human rights prosecutions". Just the Facts. 16 June 2013. Archived from the original on 7 November 2013. "Colombia: Top Brass Linked to Extrajudicial Executions". Human Rights Watch. 2015-06-24. Retrieved 2018-08-09. Brodzinsky, Sibylla (2015-06-24). " Colombia acts on massacres – punishing whistleblower and promoting officers". the Guardian.

"False positives" scandal [SEP] Retrieved 2018-08-09. Sherwell, Philip (2015-07-07). " Colombian president replaces military chiefs days after scathing report into extra-judicial killings". The Telegraph. Philip Alston final report, 31 March 2010 Colombia. The war is measured in litres of bood., FIDH report, May 2012 Colombia: Top Brass Linked to Extrajudicial Executions, Human Rights Watch report, June 2015

"Five stars rise in the East" arm protector [SEP] The pieces were unearthed in October 1995 at the Niya ruins in Xinjiang. It was found near the elbow/waist area of a corpse in a rich tomb. The phrase "Five stars rising in the east benefit China" (五星出東方利中國) resembles a similar phrase found in the Records of the Grand Historian's scroll 27 (五星分天之中，積於東方，中國利).

"Five stars rise in the East" arm protector [SEP] In the ancient times the five stars were represented as Chenxing (辰星), Taibai (太白), Yinghuo (熒惑), Suixing (歲星) and Zhenxing (鎭星). In modern times these are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, respectively. These are also represented by "Five Elements" with water, metal, earth, fire, wood.

"Five stars rise in the East" arm protector [SEP] Researchers from the Japanese observatory said the next alignment of the five stars to the east will not be until March 21, 2022. The phrase "put down South Qiang" (討南羌) refers to the area that was first mentioned in a sentence in the Western Han Essentials's (西漢會要) scroll 46 in relation to the four ancient commandery. The four are located in today's Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Zhangye and Wuwei, in the northwestern province of Gansu, respectively.

"Five stars rise in the East" arm protector [SEP] When the two pieces are combined, it forms the phrase "Five stars rising east benefit China put down South Qiang" (五星出東方利中國討南羌), though the meaning is up for debate. Sina.com. " Sina.com." 五星出東方利中國. Retrieved on 2010-06-04. Big5.china.com.cn. " Big5.china.com.cn." 尼雅“五星出東方利中國”錦是蜀錦. Retrieved on 2010-06-01. Wenbao.net. " Chinese cultural heritage protection official web list." 五星出东方. Retrieved on 2010-06-01.

"Good day, fellow!" "Axe handle!" [SEP] A deaf or hard of hearing ferryman has a wife, two sons and a daughter. They fritter away all their money, and leave him to pay the bill when their credit runs out. He sees the bailiff coming in the distance and decides to be clever and prepare his answers ahead of time. He reasons that the first thing the man will ask will be about what he is carving. He will say that it is an axe handle.

"Good day, fellow!" "Axe handle!" [SEP] He thinks that the other questions will be about the length of the axe handle, his ferry, his mare and the way to the cowshed. However, the first thing the bailiff says is "Good day, fellow!" He replies "Axe handle!", thinking himself clever. Next the bailiff asks how far it is to the inn. " Up to this knot!" he replies, pointing to the axe handle. The bailiff shakes his head and stares at him.

"Good day, fellow!" "Axe handle!" [SEP] "Where is your wife, man?" he says. "I'm going to tar her," says the ferryman. " She's lying on the beach, cracked at both ends." "Where is your daughter?" "Oh, she's in the stable, big with foal," he says, still thinking himself clever. The bailiff finally gets angry with him and shouts, "Go to the devil, fool that you are!"

"Good day, fellow!" "Axe handle!" [SEP] "Oh, it's not far away, when you're over the hill, you're almost there," says the man. The phrase "Goddag mann, økseskaft!" ( Good day fellow axe handle) has become a common idiom for a non sequitur, not just in Norway but also the rest of Scandinavia ("Goddag, yxskaft!" in Swedish, "Goddag mand, økseskaft!" in Danish and "Hyvää päivää, kirvesvartta!" in Finnish).

"Good day, fellow!" "Axe handle!" [SEP] The folktale was later published in the widely used Swedish elementary school book Sörgården by Anna Maria Roos in 1912. A similar tale appears in a 1985 collection of folktales given an erotic twist, by Erik Høvring. Høvring, Erik; Kristensen, Evald Tang (1985). Den bortfløjne mødom, samt andre skæmtsomme og erotiske folkeeventyr (in Danish). illustrated by Erik Hjorth Nielsen. København: Nyt nordisk forlag. ISBN 8717053625.

"Good day, fellow!" "Axe handle!" [SEP] Økse-skaft The Danish Dictionary (in Danish) Kjell Nedrelid (12 November 1994). " God dag, mann! -- Økseskaft". Project Runeberg (in Norwegian).

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] While small test programs have existed since the development of programmable computers, the tradition of using the phrase "Hello, World!" as a test message was influenced by an example program in the 1978 book The C Programming Language, but there is no evidence that it originated there, and it is very likely it was used in BCPL beforehand (as below).

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] The example program in that book prints "hello, world", and was inherited from a 1974 Bell Laboratories internal memorandum by Brian Kernighan, Programming in C: A Tutorial: main( ) { printf("hello, world");} In the above example, the main( ) function defines where the program should start executing. The function body consists of a single statement, a call to the printf function, which stands for "print formatted".

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] This function will cause the program to output whatever is passed to it as the parameter, in this case the string hello, world.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] The C language version was preceded by Kernighan's own 1972 A Tutorial Introduction to the Language B, where the first known version of the program is found in an example used to illustrate external variables: main( ) { extern a, b, c; putchar(a); putchar(b); putchar(c); putchar('!*n');} a 'hell';b 'o, w';c 'orld'; The program prints hello, world! on the terminal, including a newline character.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] The phrase is divided into multiple variables because in B a character constant is limited to four ASCII characters. The previous example in the tutorial printed hi! on the terminal, and the phrase hello, world! was introduced as a slightly longer greeting that required several character constants for its expression. The Jargon File claims that "hello, world" originated instead with BCPL (1967). This claim is supposedly supported by the archived notes of the inventors of CPL, Christopher Strachey and BCPL, Martin Richards at Cambridge.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] The phrase predated by over a decade its usage in computing; as early as the 1950s, it was the catchphrase of New York radio disc jockey William B. Williams. " Hello, World!" programs vary in complexity between different languages. In some languages, particularly scripting languages, the "Hello, World!" program can be written as a single statement, while in others (particularly many low-level languages) there can be many more statements required.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] For example, in Python, to print the string Hello, World! followed by a newline, one only needs to write print("Hello, World!"). In contrast, the equivalent code in C++ requires the import of the input/output software library, the manual declaration of an entry point, and the explicit instruction that the output string should be sent to the standard output stream. Generally, programming languages that give the programmer more control over the machine will result in more complex "Hello, World!"

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] programs. The phrase "Hello, World!" has seen various deviations in casing and punctuation, such as the capitalization of the leading H and W, and the presence of the comma and/or exclamation mark. Some devices limit the format to specific variations, such as all-capitalized versions on systems that support only capital letters, while some esoteric programming languages may have to print a slightly modified string.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] For example, the first non-trivial Malbolge program printed "Hello world", this having been determined to be good enough. Other human languages have been used as the output; for example, a tutorial for the Go programming language outputted both English and Chinese or Japanese characters, demonstrating the programming language's built-in Unicode support. Some languages change the functionality of the "Hello, World!" program while maintaining the spirit of demonstrating a simple example.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] Functional programming languages, such as Lisp, ML, and Haskell, tend to substitute a factorial program for "Hello, World!", as functional programming emphasizes recursive techniques, whereas the original examples emphasize I/O, which violates the spirit of pure functional programming by producing side effects. Languages otherwise capable of printing "Hello, World!" (

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] Assembly, C, VHDL) may also be used in embedded systems, where text output is either difficult (requiring additional components or communication with another computer) or nonexistent. For devices such as microcontrollers, field-programmable gate arrays, and CPLDs, "Hello, World!" may thus be substituted with a blinking LED, which demonstrates timing and interaction between components. The Debian and Ubuntu Linux distributions provide the "Hello, World!"

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] program through their software package manager systems, which can be invoked with the command hello. It serves as a sanity check and a simple example of installing a software package. For developers, it provides an example of creating a .deb package, either traditionally or using debhelper, and the version of hello used, GNU Hello, serves as an example of writing a GNU program. Variations of the "Hello, World!" program that produce a graphical output (as opposed to text output) have also been shown.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] Sun demonstrated a "Hello, World!" program in Java based on scalable vector graphics, and the XL programming language features a spinning Earth "Hello, World!" using 3D computer graphics. Mark Guzdial and Elliot Soloway have suggested that the "hello, world" test message may be outdated now that graphics and sound can be manipulated as easily as text. " Time to hello world" (TTHW) is the time it takes to author a "Hello, World!" program in a given programming language.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] This is one measure of a programming language's ease-of-use; since the program is meant as an introduction for people unfamiliar with the language, a more complex "Hello, World!" program may indicate that the programming language is less approachable. The concept has been extended beyond programming languages to APIs, as a measure of how simple it is for a new developer to get a basic example working; a shorter time indicates an easier API for developers to adopt.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] write: 'Hello, World!'. with Ada. Text_IO;use Ada. Text_IO;procedure Hello isbegin Put_Line ("Hello, world!");end Hello; BEGIN DISPLAY("HELLO WORLD!") END. begin printf(($gl$,"Hello, world!")) end AppleScript is unusual in that one main mode of output is by audio message using a synthesised voice: say "Hello, world!" Alternatively, an alert window with an "OK" button can be displayed: display alert "Hello, world!"

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] 10 PRINT "Hello, World!" @echo off echo Hello, World! echo "Hello, World!" # include <stdio.h>int main(){ printf("Hello, World!\n");} #include <iostream>int main(){ std::cout << "Hello, World!\n"; return 0;} Console. WriteLine("Hello, World!"); ( println "Hello, World!") IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.PROGRAM-ID. HELLO-WORLD.PROCEDURE DIVISION.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] DISPLAY 'Hello, World!'. STOP RUN. import std.stdio;void main() { writeln("Hello, World!");} void main() { print('Hello, World!');} IO.puts("Hello, World!") பதிப்பி "உலகே வணக்கம்"பதிப்பி "Hello, World!"exit() printfn "Hello world!" ." Hello, World!" CR program Hello print *, "Hello, World!"end program Hello package mainimport "fmt"func main() { fmt.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] Println("Hello, World!")} println "Hello, World!" main :: IO ()main = putStrLn "Hello, World!" public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, World!"); }} For browser console: console.log("Hello, World!"); For HTML document: document.write("Hello, World!"); or alert("Hello, World\n"); println("Hello, World!")

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] fun main() { println("Hello, World!") } (print "Hello, World!") print [Hello, World!] HAI 1.2 CAN HAS STDIO? VISIBLE "Hello World!" KTHXBYE print("Hello, World!") #

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] import <stdio.h>int main() { printf("Hello, world!\n");} or, using NeXTSTEP frameworks, #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { NSLog(@"Hello, World!"); } return 0;} print_endline "Hello, World!" program Hello;begin writeln ('Hello, World!');end. print "Hello, World!\n"; Hello, World! or <?

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] phpecho 'Hello, World!'; ' Hello, World!' main() :- write("Hello, World!"), nl. print("Hello, World!") print("Hello, World!") # lang racket(displayln "Hello, World!") puts "Hello, World!" fn main() { println!("Hello, World!");} Begin OutText ("Hello, World!"); Outimage; End; Transcript show: 'Hello, world!'.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] print "Hello, World!\n" print("Hello, World!") puts "Hello, world!" : Disp "HELLO, WORLD!" WScript. Echo "Hello, World!" (

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] module (import "console" "log" (func $log (param i32) (param i32))) (import "js" "mem" (memory 1)) (data (i32.const 0) "Hello World") ;; string written to global memory (func (export "helloWorld") i32.const 0 i32.const 11 call $log )) SECTION .dataMsg: db "Hello world!",

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] 10Len: equ $-Msgglobal _start_start: mov eax,4 mov ebx,1 mov ecx,Msg mov edx,Len int 80H mov eax,1 mov ebx,0 int 80H "99 Bottles of Beer" as used in computer science Bad Apple!! §  Use as a graphical and audio test (graphic equivalent to "Hello, World!"

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] for old hardware) C (programming language) § "Hello, world" example Foobar Java Pet Store Just another Perl hacker List of basic computer science topics Trabb Pardo-Knuth algorithm James A Langbridge (3 December 2013). Professional Embedded ARM Development. ISBN 9781118887820. Kernighan, Brian W.; Ritchie, Dennis M. (1978). The C Programming Language (1st ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] ISBN 0-13-110163-3. Kernighan, Brian (1974). " Programming in C: A Tutorial" (PDF). Bell Labs. Retrieved 9 January 2019. "The Programming Language B". Bell Labs. "BCPL". Jargon File. "William B. Williams, Radio Personality, Dies". The New York Times. 4 August 1986. "C++ Programming/Examples/Hello world". Wikibooks. Retrieved 16 March 2022.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] O'Dwyer, Arthur (September 2017). Mastering the C++17 STL: Make full use of the standard library components in C++17. Packt Publishing Ltd. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-78728-823-2. Retrieved 4 December 2019. "Malbolge". Esolang. esolangs-wiki. Retrieved 28 October 2016. A Tutorial for the Go Programming Language. Archived 26 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine The Go Programming Language. Retrieved 26 July 2011.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] Silva, Mike (11 September 2013). " Introduction to Microcontrollers - Hello World". EmbeddedRelated.com. Retrieved 19 May 2015. George, Ligo (8 May 2013). " Blinking LED using Atmega32 Microcontroller and Atmel Studio". electroSome. Retrieved 19 May 2015. PT, Ranjeeth. " 2. AVR Microcontrollers in Linux HOWTO". The Linux Documentation Project. Retrieved 19 May 2015. Andersson, Sven-Åke (2 April 2012). " 3.2 The first Altera FPGA design".

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015. Fabio, Adam (6 April 2014). " CPLD Tutorial: Learn programmable logic the easy way". Hackaday. Retrieved 19 May 2015. "Hello - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation". gnu.org. GNU Project. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2017. Jolif, Christophe (January 2003). " Bringing SVG Power to Java Applications". Sun Developer Network.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] de Dinechin, Christophe (24 July 2010). " Hello world!". Grenouille Bouillie. "Teaching the Nintendo Generation to Program" (PDF). bfoit.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2015. Wiegers, Harold (28 June 2018). " The importance of "Time to First Hello, World!" an efficient API program". Jin, Brenda; Sahni, Saurabh; Shevat, Amir (29 August 2018).

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] Designing Web APIs: Building APIs That Developers Love. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 9781492026877. Retrieved 19 February 2020. Rösler, Wolfram. " Hello World Collection". helloworldcollection.de. "Hello world/Text". Rosetta Code. "GitHub - leachim6/hello-world: Hello world in every computer language. Thanks to everyone who contributes to this, make sure to see CONTRIBUTING.md for contribution instructions!". GitHub. 30 October 2021.

"Hello, World!" program [SEP] "Unsung Heroes of IT / Part One: Brian Kernighan". TheUnsungHeroesOfIT.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2014.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] After completing his work co-producing Iggy Pop's Lust for Life (1977) and various promotional events, David Bowie spent a few weeks devising ideas and concepts with multi-instrumentalist Brian Eno for his next studio album. One idea was using the same G–D chord sequence he had used for Pop's "Success". Eno wanted to call it "Heroes", as the sequence "sounded grand and heroic", and "I had that very word – heroes – in my mind."

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] According to biographer Chris O'Leary, the word also paid reference to German krautrock band Neu! 's "Hero" (1975). Recording for the album took place entirely in West Berlin between July and August 1977 at Hansa Studio 2, a former concert hall converted into a recording studio that had been used by Gestapo officers during World War II as a ballroom and was located about 500 yards from the Berlin Wall. The song was co-produced by Bowie and Tony Visconti, with contributions from Eno.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] The backing track began with Bowie on piano and, returning from Station to Station (1976), the core band of Carlos Alomar on rhythm guitar, George Murray on bass and Dennis Davis on drums. The band used the initial chord progression, creating a groove that built into a crescendo, lasting eight minutes. Alomar devised the underlying riff while Murray and Davis provided the "hypnotic pulse".

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Although he had fed Davis's drums through his Eventide H910 Harmonizer on Low (1977), Visconti used it sparingly on "Heroes", only during the mixing stage, and as such, the drum sound is mostly atmospheric to the room. He did, however, run Murray's bass through a flanger. According to Visconti, the recording sat for a week before overdubs commenced.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Eno brought in his EMS Synthi AKS, a synthesiser built in a briefcase, using its joystick, oscillator knobs and noise filter to create a "shuddering, chattering effect [that] slowly builds up and gets more and more obvious towards the end". Bowie also added Chamberlin and high-pitched lines on his ARP Solina synthesiser. The final addition was former King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who was recruited at Eno's suggestion. Receiving little guidance from Bowie, he cut three takes all based on feedback loops.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] For each take, Fripp marked different spots on the studio floor with tape and played a different note in each spot, such as A at four feet from his amp and G at three feet, all while his guitar was fed through Eno's EMS Synthi. When mixing the backing track, Visconti merged Fripp's takes onto one track, creating what he called "a dreamy, wailing quality".

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] He buried Davis's kick drum, finding it "seemed to plod" the track and becoming "more energetic without it", and elevated Murray's bassline, which Alomar augmented on guitar in a higher register. An intended horn section was replaced with a synthesised brass line by the Chamberlin, while the bassline replaced the originally planned string section. With percussion, Visconti added tambourine and struck an empty tape canister with a drumstick as a placement for a cowbell.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Similar to Low, Bowie neglected to write lyrics until all but he and Visconti had departed. As such, the backing track for "'Heroes'" sat untouched for many weeks and for a time was rumoured it would remain an instrumental. On one day, Bowie requested Visconti leave him alone in the studio to focus on writing lyrics. As he stared outside the studio window, he witnessed Visconti and singer Antonia Maass kiss in close proximity to the Berlin Wall, which he used as the basis for the lyric.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Bowie initially claimed that the lyric was based on an anonymous young couple, but Visconti, who was married to Mary Hopkin at the time, contended that Bowie was protecting him and his affair with Maass. Bowie later confirmed the story in 2003, over two decades after Visconti and Hopkin's eventual divorce: "Tony was married at the time, and I could never say who it was.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] I think possibly the marriage was in the last few months, and it was very touching because I could see that Tony was very much in love with this girl, and it was that relationship which sort of motivated the song." Additionally, he improvised lyrics while standing at the microphone after witnessing Pop use the same method during the making of The Idiot (1977) and Lust for Life.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] To record the lead vocal, Visconti devised a "multi-latch" system that would utilise the ambience of Hansa to full effect. Three Neumann microphones were used to capture the vocal: the first, a valve U47, was set up nine inches from Bowie; the second, a U87, was set up 20 feet away; and the third, another U87, about 50 feet away.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] The two farther mics were routed through a noise gate, a volume controlling device that would turn them on as Bowie's voice reached them. Visconti explained: "If he sang a little louder, the next microphone would open up with the gate, and that would make sort of this big splash of reverb, and then if he really sang loud, the back microphone would open up, and it would just open up this enormous sound."

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Bowie recorded three takes, the last of which mostly appears in the final song, and was completed in about two hours. Bowie and Visconti immediately recorded the backing vocals afterwards, harmonising in thirds and fifths below the lead vocal. The final mix was done at Mountain Studios in Montreux, Switzerland, a studio that would become one of Bowie's mainstays. An engineer at Mountain, David Richards, would also become one of his regulars.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] "'Heroes'" was based on a G–D chord progression and contains five verses, some longer than others, and an outro. Primarily in D major, the verses move from D to G major, along with C major on "nothing will keep us together" and a foray into A minor and E minor on "beat them" and "forever".

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] The song is mainly in the D mixolydian mode, wherein the A major dominant chord is replaced with A minor, likewise swapping from the parallel minor D minor back to the tonic D major. Richard Buskin of Sound on Sound described the song as a "highly experimental piece of art rock". Biographer David Buckley likens it to a Wall of Sound production, a forceful and noisy arrangement of guitars, percussion and synthesisers.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Meanwhile, author James E. Perone finds the song a "great example of contemporary pop music", balancing early-1970s progressive rock on the sysnthesisers to the "avant-garde tone color manipulations" from Eno. According to Bowie, the track was "a combination of Brian's piano technique and [mine] which are both dastardly", turning into a reworking of the Velvet Underground's "I'm Waiting for the Man" (1967), a song long admired by the artist. (

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] 1967) "'Heroes'" tells the story of two lovers, one from East Berlin and one from West Berlin. Under constant risk of death, they dream of freedom, swimming with dolphins. Like fellow album tracks "Beauty and the Beast" and "Joe the Lion", the song, at its core, represents two opposing forces: the couple's love for each other, and a sense that the Berlin Wall will separate them.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Blurt magazine's Robert Dean Lurie analyses it as a "clear nod" to the divided city of Berlin Bowie lived in at the time. The first verse is from the point of view of the man who stresses unity, while the second describes the couple's explicit love and affection for each other. Perone contends that the instrumental passages separating the third verse, wherein the narrator wishes his lover could "swim like the dolphins", represents a transition in the story.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] The fourth verse is a reiteration of the first, albeit Bowie sings an octave higher and in a near-scream. In the fifth and final verse, the narrator recalls standing and kissing by the Wall while guards fired bullets above their heads.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Perone states that this moment captures the sense the narrator's love can "overcome anything" and, as dolphins can freely swim as they wish, the proclamation that "we can be heroes" "gets well beyond anything the listener might have anticipated at the start of the piece". Nicholas Pegg and Thomas Jerome Seabrook argue that "'Heroes'" is not the "feelgood anthem" it is often interpreted as.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] According to Bowie, the quotation marks in the title were intended to express "a dimension of irony" on the otherwise romantic or triumphant words and music. Describing the song, he stated it is about "facing reality and standing up to it", about achieving "a sense of compassion" and "deriving some joy from the very simple pleasure of being alive".

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Likewise, Pegg contests the song contains underlying dark themes that juxtapose its uplifting chord sequence and delirious vocal, such as "you can be mean, and I'll drink all the time", which is "hardly the most promisingly heroic statement", while the repeated announcement of "nothing will keep us together" asserts that time is short.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Additionally, the pronouncement that the narrator wants the relationship to last "just for one day" harkens back to the dark lyrics of "The Bewlay Brothers" (1971) and represents a shift from the Nietzschean "supermen" themes of Bowie's earlier works into the realm of heroism.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Regarding the themes, Lurie stated: "'Heroes'" is more akin to alchemy: We may be average and regular in the present moment, but we have the potential, at any time, for heroic thought and action – even if only for one day. The transformation can be brought about by an external event or through an internal change in perspective.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] Although Bowie confirmed that the kiss between Visconti and Maass directly inspired the lyric, another source of inspiration included Otto Mueller's 1916 painting Lovers Between Garden Walls, which Bowie and Pop saw at Berlin's Brücke Museum.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] The painting depicts an embracing couple between two walls representing the brutality of World War I. Bowie also revealed in the foreword of his wife Iman's 2001 book I Am Iman that Alberto Denti di Pirajno's 1956 short story A Grave for a Dolphin, which concerns a doomed love affair between an Italian soldier and a Somalian girl during World War II, provided inspiration.

"Heroes" (David Bowie song) [SEP] According to Pegg, the destiny of the story's female protagonist is linked with that of a dolphin she swims with, and when she dies, so does the dolphin. Bowie further explained: "I thought it a magical and beautiful love story and in part it had inspired my song 'Heroes'."