This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental
[{'content': 'Diagnosis based on given radiograph: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Abfraction, B. Irreversible pulpitis, C. Vertical root fracture, D. Infraction', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: VERTICAL ROOT FRACTURE\nEtiology\xa0\n\nRoot anatomy,\xa0amount of remaining sound\xa0tooth structure,\xa0loss of moisture in dentin, amount of bony support,\xa0pre-existing cracks\xa0and biochemical properties of root dentin are predisposing etiological factors.\xa0\nTraumatic occlusion.\xa0\nExcessive load on an endodontically treated tooth.\xa0\nBruxism.\n\nClinical Features\xa0\n\nDull spontaneous pain, mastication pain, tooth mobility, periodontal-type abscesses and bony radiolucencies.\nDeep osseous defects: The typical bone loss pattern in teeth with vertical root fracture is the loss of alveolar bone, specifically in relation to the fracture area.\nSinus tract located near the cervical area.\n\nRadiographic Features\xa0\n\nSeparation of root segments associated with a radiolucency surrounding the bone between the roots.\nHairline fracture – like radiolucency.\nHalo appearance – a combined periapical and periradicular radiolucency on one or both sides of the involved root.\n\nClinical Notes\n\nVertical root fracture (VRF) are seen most commonly in endodontically treated teeth.\nThe condition presents with a challenging diagnosis; however, exploratory surgery aids in a defective diagnosis.\nAdditional imaging techniques such as CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) to detect and visualize VRFs have been introduced.', 'role': 'assistant'}]