This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Which of the following acute-phase reactants is responsible for the anemia associated with chronic inflammation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fibrinogen, B. Serum amyloid (SAA), C. C-reactive protein (CRP), D. Hepcidin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Acute-phase proteins are plasma proteins, mostly synthesized in the liver, whose plasma concentrations may increase\xa0 several\xa0 hundred-fold\xa0 as\xa0 part\xa0 of\xa0 the\xa0 response to\xa0 inflammatory\xa0 stimuli.\nThree\xa0 of\xa0 the\xa0 best-known\xa0 of these proteins are:\n\nC-reactive protein (CRP).\nFibrinogen.\xa0\nSerum amyloid A (SAA) protein.\xa0\n\nAcute-phase proteins have beneficial effects during acute inflammation, but prolonged production of these proteins (especially SAA) in states of chronic inflammation can, in some cases, cause secondary amyloidosis.\nChronically elevated plasma concentrations of hepcidin reduce the availability of iron and are responsible for the anemia associated with chronic inflammation.\nSystemic effects of inflammation:\n\nFever: Cytokines (TNF, IL-I) stimulate production of PGs in hypothalamus.\nProduction of acute-phase proteins: C-reactive protein, others; synthesis stimulated by cytokines (IL-6, others) acting on liver cells.\nLeukocytosis: Cytokines (CSFs) stimulate production of leukocytes from precursors in the bone marrow.\nIn some severe infections, septic shock: Fall in blood pressure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, metabolic abnormalities; induced by high levels of TBF and other cytokines.\n\nReference-Robbins BASIC PATHOLOGY 10th edition pg-87', 'role': 'assistant'}]