This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': "NADA's criteria are used for – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Assessment of child for degree of dehydration, B. Assessment of child for degree of malnutrition, C. Assessment of child for presence of heart disease, D. Assessment of child for degree of mental retardation", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: The assessment of a child for the absence or presence of Heart disease can be done with the help of some guidelines suggested by NADA and are called NADA's criteria.\n\nNADA's Criteria\n\nEither one major or two minor criteria are necessary for indicating the presence of heart disease.\n\nA) Major Criteria\n1) Systolic murmur of grade III or more.\n\n\nThe systolic murmur is classified into : -\n\n\nEjection systolic murmur\nPansystolic murmur\n\n\nPansystolic murmur is always abnormal no matter what is its intesity.\nOnly three lesions produce pansystolic murmur\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\n\ni) VSD\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\nii) MR\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\niii) TR\n\nEjection systolic murmur, on the other hand, may be organic or functional. \xa0an If ejection systolic murmur is associated with thrill, it is always organic.\nIf ejection systolic murmur is more than grade III intensity → It is organic.\nGrade III or less ejection systolic murmur of a functional type may be heard in anemia or high fever in otherwise normal children.\n\n2) Diastolic murmur\n\nPresence of diastolic murmur always indicates the presence of organic heart disease.\nThere are two exceptions.\n\n\nSevere hypertension → Reduction of BP may cause an AR murmur to disappear.\nAnemia → May result in delayed diastolic murmur across the tricuspid and mitral area.\n\n3) Cyanosis\n\nCentral cyanosis indicates the presence of heart disease if lung disease has been excluded.\n\n4) CHF\n\nPresence of CHF indicates the presence of heart disease except in neonates and infants who get CHF from causes such as hypoglycemia and anemia.\n\nB) Minor criteria\n\nSystolic murmur less than grade III in intensity.\nAbnormal second heart sound\n\n\nAbnormal S2 always indicates the presence of heart disease.\nIt has been included as a minor criterion only because auscultation is an individual and subjective finding\n\n3) Abnormal ECG\n\nThe main value of ECG lies in determining the : -\n\n\nMean QRS axis\nRight or left atrial hypertrophy\nRight or left ventricular hypertrophy\n\n4) Abnormal X-ray\n\n\xa0If there is cardiomegaly in a good inspiratory film, it is highly suggestive for the presence of heart disease.\n\n5) Abnormal BP", 'role': 'assistant'}]