This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Miscellaneous, Subject name: Medicine
[{'content': 'A patient presented with Tongue deviation on right side with ipsilateral atrophy. Which cranial nerve is damaged? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ipsilateral XII, B. Contralateral XII, C. Ipsilateral X, D. Ipsilateral XI', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: (A) Ipsilateral XII # CN XII Hypoglossal Nerve:> Origin: Medulla> Innervation: Muscles of the tongue except Palatoglossus> Function: Movement of the tongue> Dysfunction: Unilateral lesions can cause paresis, atrophy, furrowing, fibrillation and fasciculation on the affected half.> On protrusion tongue deviates towards the affected side due to unopposed action of the Contralateral Genioglossus> Flaccid Paralysis: Dysphagia Dysarthria Dyspnea Difficulty chewing food# XII Cranial nerve controls all tongue movements.> Nuclear or intranuclear lesions produce paralysis, atrophy, and fasciculations of the tongue on involved side.> Supranuclear lesions produce mild to moderate contralateral weakness that may be transient.> Bilateral supranuclear lesions, seen in pseudobulbar palsy, produce moderate to severe inability of the tongue to function> The transient nature is usually the clue> Nuclear lesions produce atrophy, weakness, or paralysis and fasciculations. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and polio are two causes.> Syringobulbia, infarction, and intraspinal tumors are other etiologies.> Nuclear lesions are often bilateral because of the closeness of the two nuclei in the medulla.> Hypoglossal nerve involvement after the individual fibers exit from the medulla is seen with many of the lesions that affect the spinal accessory nerve.> Tumors can compress the nerve in the hypoglossal canal and in the jugular foramen.> Basilar meningitis, due to granulomatous infection or carcinoma, can produce hypoglossal lesions.> Unilateral twelfth nerve palsy has been reported as one of the more common cranial mononeuropathies due to metastases', 'role': 'assistant'}]