This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: All India exam, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Which is activated for nuclear fragmentation in apoptosis - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Caspases, B. Apaf - 1, C. Oxygen free radicals, D. All', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Caspases and endonuclease cause chromatin fragmentation in apoptosis. They are inactive, so first they should be activated. Cytochrome &;c&; binds with Apaf-1 and this complex activates caspases. Caspases cause fragmentation of chromatin and also activate endonuclease. About option &;b&; Though Apaf-1 helps in activation of caspases, it has no role in chromatin framentation and It does not have two seprate forms active or inactive. It just forms complex with cytochrome &;C&; to activate caspases. REF: ROBBINS pathology 10th edition', 'role': 'assistant'}]