This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Glomerular Diseases, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'RBC cast is seen in? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Minimal change disease, B. Renal vein thrombosis, C. Bladder schistomiasis, D. Rapidly progressive Glomerulo-nephritis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. (d) Rapidly progressive Glomerulo-nephritisRef: Robbiris pathology 9th ed. /912-915* RBC casts are a feature of glomerular damage. Normally < 3 RBC/HPF are going to leak. But in case of glomerular damage the number of RBC in urine will exceed the limit mentioned above and these RBC get impinged on tamm- horsfall protein. The resultant RBC casts can be seen under microscopic examination of urine.* Bladder schistomiasis will cause hematuria and eosinophiluria.* Renal vein thrombosis is a complication of severe dehydration and causes a painful enlarged kidney with hematuria.* Minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephritic syndrome and causes proteinuria.Also knowDifferent Renal Casts and conditions where they are seen:* Hyaline cast: MC type; seen in normal individuals in dehydration or vigorous exercise * Muddy brown cast: seen in acute tubular necrosis* Waxy casts: nephritic syndrome* Fatty casts: pathognomonic for high urinary protein nephrotic syndrome.* White blood cell casts: pyelonephritis', 'role': 'assistant'}]