This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
[{'content': 'Which of the following is true about pituitary adenomaa) Accounts for 10% of brain tumorsb) Erodes the sellar and extends into surrounding areac) Prolactinoma is least commond) It is differentiated by reticulin stain \nSelect and explain. \nA. acd, B. abd, C. abc, D. ab', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Pituitary adenomas constitute approximate 10% of all primary intracranial neoplasms and about 1/3 to 1/2 of all suprasellar/juxtasellar masses\n\nPituitary adenomas are classified on the basis of hormone(s) produced by the neoplastic cells detected by immunohistochemical stains.\nMost common pituitary adenomas are prolactinomas.\nPituitary adenomas can be differentiated from hyperplasia by reticulin stain (Absence of reticulin network is seen in adenoma)\nPituitary adenomas are sellar lesions but larger adenomas can extend through the diaphragm sella into the suprasellar region and compress the optic chiasm (causing visual field abnormalities) and other cranial nerves. Large adenomas can also erode the sellar turcica and extend into surrounding region (k/a invasive adenomas)\n\nMore about Pituitary adenomas \n\nIt is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism.\nPituitary adenomas can be\n\n- functional (i.e. associated with hormone excess and their clinical manifestations) or\n- silent (i.e. without clinical symptoms of hormone excess. May or may not produce hormone)\n\nProlactinomas are the most common adenomas\nSome pituitary adenomas can secrete two hormones - Growth hormone and prolactin being the most common combination\nRarely adenomas are plurihormonal\nAge : usually found in adults\nGender\n\nProlactinomas have 4-5 : 1 female/male ratio\nGH secreting adenomas have 2:1 male predominance.\n\nClinical signs & symptoms - occur due to hormone excess or mass effect (visual field disturbances, elevated intracranial pressure or occasionally hypopitutarism - d/t silent adenomas compressing normal pituitary)\nAcute hemorrhage into an adenoma causes rapid enlargement of mass and sudden clinical deterioration k/a pituitary apoplexy.\nProlactinomas have a propensity to undergo dystrophic calcification, ranging from isolated psammoma bodies to extensive calcification of entire tumor mass (k/a pituitary stone)', 'role': 'assistant'}]