This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'The most common cuase of renal scarring in a 3 year old child is - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Trauma, B. Tuberculosis, C. Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis, D. Interstitial nephritis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vesicouretrial reflux induced pyelonephritis The small scarred kidney in childhood;. Risdon RA] `Reflux nephropathy is now a generally accepted term to describe small scarred kidneys discovered during childhood; it recognises the close association between this renal lesion and vesicoureteric reflux (VUR)'. Renal scarring is most commonly a result of chronic pyogenic injection of the kidney or chronic pyelonephritis. Chronic pyelonephritis occurs only in patients with major anatomic abnormalities, such as obstructive uropathy, struvite calculi or, most commonly, VUR (in 30 to 45% of young children with symptomatic UTI).", 'role': 'assistant'}]