This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Anti Microbial, Subject name: Pharmacology
[{'content': 'Resistance to ciprofloxacin is due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Transduction, B. Transformation, C. Conjugation, D. Mutation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ref: Goodman & Gillman's 13th ed. P 1016* Ciprofloxacin is one of the fluoroquinolones along with norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, spartloxacin, etc.* MOA of quinolones: The quinolone antibiotics target bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.* The quinolones inhibit gyrase-mediated DNA supercoiling at concentrations that correlate well with those required to inhibit bacterial growth.* Mutations of the gene that encodes the A subunit of the gyrase can confer resistance to these drugs.", 'role': 'assistant'}]