This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Genetic and genetic disorders, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'Alpha -1 antitrypsin deficiency presents as ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Emphysema, B. Bronchitectasis, C. Empyema, D. Bronchogenic carcinoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated lung disease is characterized by progressive degenerative and destructive changes in the lungs (emphysema, commonly of the panacinar type). Emphysema is a chronic, usually slowly progressive illness, which most commonly causes shoness of breath. Other symptoms may include chronic cough, phlegm production, and wheezing. Emphysema is caused due to alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition', 'role': 'assistant'}]