This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics
[{'content': 'Indication of amnioinfusion is:a) Oligohydramniosb) Suspected renal anomaliesc) To facilitate labourd) In case of fetal distress \nSelect and explain. \nA. acd, B. bcd, C. abc, D. abd', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Amnioinfusion is the technique to increase the intrauterine fluid volume with normal saline (500 ml).\nIndications are: \nWilliams Obs. 22/e, p 462, 23/e, p 433\n\nTreatment of variable or prolonged deceleration (i.e., fetal distress).\nProphylaxis for cases of known oligohydramnios as with prolonged rupture of membrane.\nIn an attempt to dilute or wash out thick meconium.\n\nBesides the above mentioned therapeutic indications it can be used for diagnosis of:\n\nRenal agenesis\nPROM (Premature rupture of membrane)\n\nFernando Arias 3/e, p 94\n“Amnioinfusion in patients with oligohydramnios is not a simple procedure. The needle should be advanced slowly with continuous ultrasound visualization and when its tip has reached the interface between the fetus and the membranes warmed saline solution should be infused.\nIn majority of cases, 250-350 ml of saline solution will be necessary to achieve optimal ultrasound transmission and perform a careful level II examination. A normal fetus will swallow the infused fluid, and its bladder will be easily seen with ultrasound after 20 minutes. The bladder will not be seen in fetuses with renal agenesis.\nBefore ending the amnioinfusion, 1 ml of indigo carmine is injected inside the amniotic sac. The patient is instructed to wear a tampon for a few hours following the procedure and observe for evidence of blue discoloration. This finding will confirm the presence of PROM.”\nFernando Arias 3/e, p 94', 'role': 'assistant'}]