This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Metabolism of lipid, Subject name: Biochemistry
[{'content': 'Type II hypercholesterolemia is due to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Defect in scavaging function of HDL, B. Defect in LDL receptor, C. Defect in ABCA protein, D. Defect in all above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: 2. Type II: Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FHC): A common disorder which has been extensively investigated.The disease is characterised by:Hyper b-lipoproteinemia (LDL |)Associated with increased total cholesterol |VLDL may be raised, hence total TG may be high. But plasma usually remains clear.Inheritance: Autosomal dominant; Frequency--0.2 percentEnzyme deficiency (metabolic defect): There is no enzyme deficiency. Metabolic defects are:An increased synthesis of apo-B |Defective catabolism of LDL. Deficiency of LDL receptors in fibroblasts demonstrated.Clinical features: (a) Xanthomas of tendinous and tuberous type have been described, (b) Corneal arcus, (c) Occasionally xanthelasma. Clinically most impoant is the increased incidence of atherosclerosis and premature cardiovascular diseases.Note: Type-II Pattern can develop as a result of hypothyroidism (secondary hyper or lipoproteinemia).Ref: M.N. Chatterjea - Textbook of Biochemistry, 8th edition, page no: 451', 'role': 'assistant'}]