This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'A child with nephrotic syndrome developed anasarca. The main cause of edema in nephrotic syndrome is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Na and water retention, B. Increased venous pressure, C. Decreased plasma proteins, D. Hyperlipidemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Nephrotic syndrome: Nephrotic syndrome consists of the following: Urine protein excretion > 3 g per 24 hours Hypoalbuminemia (albumin < 3 g/dL) Peripheral edema Hyperlipidemia Oval fat bodies in the urine Peripheral edema is a hallmark of the nephrotic syndrome, occurring when the serum albumin concentration is < 3 g/dL (30 g/L). Edema is most likely due to sodium retention and, at albumin levels < 2 g/dL (20 g/L), aerial underfilling from low plasma oncotic pressure. Ref: Watnick S., Dirkx T. (2013). Chapter 22. Kidney Disease. In M.A. Papadakis, S.J. McPhee, M.W. Rabow (Eds), CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2013.', 'role': 'assistant'}]