This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anaesthesia
[{'content': 'Which of the following surgical incisions is associated with the highest risk of postoperative pulmonary complications ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vertical laparotomy, B. Horizontal laparotomy, C. Lateral thoracotomy, D. Median sternotomy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Incidence of pulmonary complications (in decreasing order) :- Upper abdominal incision (maximum) > Lateral thoracotomy = Subcostal incision > Median sternotomies > Lower abdominal incision.\nVertical incision has more pulmonary complications than horizontal incision.\nSo, high abdominal laprotomy with vertical incision will have maximum pulmonary complications.', 'role': 'assistant'}]