This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Fluid & Electrolyte, Subject name: Medicine
[{'content': 'Anion gap increased in all except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Salicylate toxicity, B. Renal failure, C. Lactic acidosis, D. Diarrhoea', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. d (Diarrhoea). (Refer to Q.No.4 of the same section of same paper)Anion gap: (represent unmeasured anions in plasmaXCauses of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis# Ketoacidosis (DM, starvation, acidosis)# Lactic acidosis# Methanol, ethylene glycol, Salicylate toxicity# Renal failureAG = (Na+ + K+) - (Cl + HCO3); Normal AG = 10-12 mmol/L. (AI'2005)# The unmeasured anions include anionic proteins, phosphates, sulphates and organic anions.# An increased anion gap is often due to increase in unmeasured cations (Ca^, Mg+, K+)", 'role': 'assistant'}]