This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'The mechanism by which smoking accelerates vascular injury is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Retention of sodium, B. Increased aldosterone production, C. Promoting endothelial dysfunction, D. Increasing plasma catecholamines', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Smoking impacts on and potentiates the mechanisms at three separate stages of the development of vascular disease (atherosclerosis):1) Endothelial dysfunction2) Monocyte recruitment and development of the plaque3) Thrombosis at the damaged vessel wallRef: The Nature Of Disease: Pathology For The Health Professions, By Thomas H. McConnell, Page 279', 'role': 'assistant'}]