This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': "Goodpasture's syndrome is characterized by - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Necrotising hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis, B. Alveolitis, C. Patchy consolidation, D. Pulmonary edema", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Goodpasture syndrome\n\nGoodpasture syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the rapid destruction of the kidney and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage.\nIt is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeted against basement membrane of lung and kidney.\nThese antibodies are directed against the noncollagenous domain of the α -3 chains of type IV collagen (collagen of basement membrane).\nThe antibodies initiate an inflammatory destruction of the basement membrane in kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli.\nIn Goodpasture syndrome, the immune reaction is type II hypersensitivity.\n\nMorphological changes\nI. Lung\n\nThe lungs are heavy, with areas of red-brown consolidation.\nThere is focal necrosis of alveolar walls associated with intraalveolar hemorrhages.\nAlveoli contain hemosiderin-laden macrophages.\nLinear deposits of immunoglobulins along the basement membranes of the septal walls.\n\nII. Kidney\n\nDiffuse proliferative rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.\nFocal necrotizing lesion and crescents in >50% of glomeruli.\nLinear deposits of immunoglobulins and complement along the glomerular basement membrane.\n\nClinical manifestations\n\nOccur typically in young males.\nMost cases begin clinically with respiratory symptoms, principally hemoptysis.\nSoon, manifestations of glomerulonephritis appear and typically present as nephritic syndrome →\xa0hematuria, nephritic urinary sediment, subnephrotic proteinuria, rapidly progressive renal failure.\nThe common cause of death is renal failure.', 'role': 'assistant'}]