This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: New Born Infants, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'Primary cause of hyaline membrane disease is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prematurity, B. Oxygen toxicity, C. Alveolar inflammation, D. Surfactant deficiency', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. d (Surfactant deficiency). (Ref. Nelson, Textbook of Paediatrics, 18th/731)HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE# Common in premature, IDM and infants delivered by caesarean section.# Clinically manifests shortly after birth (dyspnoea and cyanotic attacks).# X-ray chest shows "ground glass" mottling.# As HMD progresses, influx of plasma renders the lungs more radio-opaque, reticulogranular shadowing becomes more confluent & ground glass haziness is seen with loss of clarity of diaphragm & heart.# Mortality 33%# Hyaline membrane is a homogenous eosinophilic membrane plastering the alveolar ducts and terminal bronchiole in HMD.# Rx .-Timely steroids, exogenous surfactant therapy and oxygen (not 100 %) are useful in treatment.', 'role': 'assistant'}]