This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Virology, Subject name: Microbiology
[{'content': 'A 48 year old male who has HIV presents with lab repos showing: Low albumin, massive proteinuria, renal ultrasound showing large, echogenic kidneys. Blood pressure is normal. Which of the following is the most likely cause? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Minimal change disease, B. IgA nephropathy, C. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, D. Membranoproliferavtive glomerulonephritis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: This patient with HIV presents with massive protienuria and hypoalbuminemia, suggestive of HIV-1-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) - A form of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Proteinuria is the hallmark of this disorder. Edema and hypeension are rare. A definitive diagnosis is obtained through renal biopsy. Histologically, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is present in 80%, and mesangial proliferation in 10-15% of cases. Reference: Ananthanarayan and Paniker&;s Textbook of Microbiology Tenth edition', 'role': 'assistant'}]