This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Which of the following gene mutations can lead to idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome? \nSelect and explain. \nA. NPHS1, B. NPHS2, C. WT1, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: A number of proteins have been identified that are components of the cell membrane or actin cytoskeleton of the podocyte. These include nephrin (NPHS1), a-actinin-4, podocin (NPHS2), CD2AP, Wilms tumor suppressor (WT1), and TRPC6. Mutations in the genes for these proteins, occurring in autosomal dominant and recessive patterns, have been associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and biopsy-proven FSGS. Ref: Gipson D.S., Trachtman H (2009). Chapter 25. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. In Lerma E.V., Berns J.S., Nissenson A.R. (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Nephrology & Hypeension.', 'role': 'assistant'}]