This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Endothelium activation refers to ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Aberration of anatomy of vessel wall, B. Irreversible changes in functional state of vessel wall, C. Smooth muscle proliferation, D. Increased expression of adhesion molecules for leukocyte recruitment', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. is 'd' i.e., Increased expression of adhesion molecules for leukocyte recruitmentVascular endothelium in its normal, unactivated state does not bind circulating cells or impede their passage.In acute inflammation, the endothelium is activated and can bind leukocytes as a prelude to their exit from the blood vessels.Inflammatory mediators like thrombin, IL - 1, Platelet Activating Factor, Histamine And TNFactivate endothelial cells by increasing expression of adhesion molecules which can bind leukocytes for leukocyte recruitment.", 'role': 'assistant'}]