This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'Short stature is seen in –a) Maternal deprivation syndromeb) Hypothyroidismc) Bulimiad) Paternal smokinge) IUGR \nSelect and explain. \nA. abc, B. bcd, C. cde, D. abe', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: If the height of the child is below the 3rd percentile or less than 2 S.D. from the mean, he or she is considered to be short stature.\nCauses of short stature\n\nA) Proportionate short stature\nNormal variant \xa0 \xa0 \xa0- 1) Familial\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 2) Constitutional delay in growth\xa0\nPrenatal causes \xa0 - \xa01) Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 2) Intrauterine infections\nPosnatal causes \xa0- \xa01) Nutritional dwarfism (due to malnutrition)\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 2) Chronic visceral disease\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 3) Endocrine disorders (hypopituitrism, Juvenile DM)\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 4) Psychosocial (emotional deprivation, maternal deprivation)\nB) Disproportionate short stature\n\nWith short limbs - Achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, chondroectodermal dysplasia, deformities due to rickets and osteogenesis imperfecta, hypothyroidism.\nWith short trunk: Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia, mucopolysaccharidosis, mucolipidosis, caries spine, hemivertebrae.', 'role': 'assistant'}]