This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'In a patient who has diarrhoea and vomiting with inadequate water intake is suffering from- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intracellular dehydration with hypernatremia, B. Intracellular dehydration with hyponatremia, C. Extracellular dehydration with hyponatremia, D. Extracellular dehydration with hypernatremia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. is 'c' i.e., Extracellular dehydration with hyponatremia o Extracellular fluid consists of Interstitial (intercellular fluid) Circulating blood Intestinal fluids and secretions o Intracellular fluid consists of fluid present within the cells. o Loss of fluid in diarrhoea and vomiting comes from extracellular fluid. Therefore there is shrinkage or reduction in the volume of extracellular fluid. o Diarrhoea and vomiting both cause loss of Na+ rich fluid therefore there is decline in the serum sodium level (hyponatremia). o This causes fall in osmolality of ECF leading to shifting of fluid from ECF to ICF causing fuher decrease in ECF volume.", 'role': 'assistant'}]