This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': "Medial calcification is seen in - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Atherosclerosis, B. Arteriolosclerosis, C. Monckeberg's sclerosis, D. Dissecting aneurysm", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: First, see types of arteries\nBased on their size and structural features, arteries are divided into three types.\n\n1. Large or Elastic arteries\n\nAorta\nIts large branches, eg. - Innominate, Subclavian, common carotid, iliac.\nPulmonary arteries.\n\n2. Medium sized or muscular arteries\n\nSmall branches of aorta → Coronary, Renal\n\n3. Small arteries and arterioles\n\nWithin substance of the tissue\n\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0Now see their affection -\nArteriosclerosis\n\nDon’t get confused with atherosclerosis.\nArteriosclerosis means hardening of arteries by thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial wall.\nThere are three patterns of arteriosclerosis.\n\n1. Atherosclerosis\n\nCharacterized by intimal lesions, i.e. atheromas, which project into a vascular lumen and may obstruct it.\nThis is the most common pattern of arteriosclerosis.\nIt involves elastic arteries and large & medium size muscular arteries.\n\n2. Arteriolosclerosis\n\nSeen in arterioles of patients with hypertension and diabetes.\nTwo anatomic variants are common hyaline and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis.\n\n3. Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis\n\nIt is seen in small and medium-sized muscular arteries.\nIt is a degenerative and apparently non-inflammatory disease.\nMedia of these arteries becomes calcified.\nIt occurs in patients older than 50 years.', 'role': 'assistant'}]