This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Oesophagus, Subject name: Surgery
[{'content': "Newborn baby with regurgitation of feeds and continuous drooling of saliva is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Esophageal atresia, B. GERD, C. Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), D. Zenker's diverticulum", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. Esophageal atresiaESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA (EA) AND TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA (TEF)Three basic types:Isolated EAIsolated (H-type) TEFEA and distal TEFMost common anatomy is upper esophagus ends in blind pouch and TEF connected to distal esophagusH-type--presents chronically and diagnosed later in life with chronic respiratory problemsHalf with associated anomalies--VACTERL associationVACTERL AssociationNonrandom association of birth defects:Vertebra! anomaliesAna! atresiaCardiac defectTracheoEsophageal fistulaRenal anamoliesLimb abnormalitiesClinical presentation in neonate (EA or EA+TEF)Bubbling, Frothing, cyanosis, cough, and respiratory distressWith feedings - immediate regurgitation and aspirationClinical presentation with just TEF--feeding problems and recurrent aspirationDiagnosisInability to pass nasogastric/orogastric tubeIsolated TEF: Esophagram with contrast media (or bronchoscopy or endoscopy with methylene blue)Esophageal atresia: X-ray shows coiled nasogastric tube in blind pouch with no distal gas (gasless abdomen)Esophageal atresia and distal fistula: Coiled nasogastric tube in blind pouch the large amount of air in stomach and intestinesTreatment--surgical ligation of TEF and resection with end-to-end anastomosis of esophageal atresia', 'role': 'assistant'}]