This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: All India exam, Subject name: Anatomy
[{'content': 'The most likely precursor to bronchiectasis is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tuberculosis, B. Carcinoma, C. Bronchial adenoma, D. Bronchopneumonia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: BronchiectasisAbnormal and permanent dilatation of bronchi.The bronchial dilatation of bronchiectasis of is associated with destructive and inflammatory changes in the walls of medium-sized airways, often at the level of segmental or subsegmental bronchi.Types of bronchiectasisCylindrical bronchiectasis Varicose bronchiectasis Saccular (cystic) bronchiectasis Aetiology & pathogenesisBronchiectasis is a consequence of inflammation and destruction of the structural components of the bronchial wall. Infection is the usual cause of inflammation.Adenovirus and influenza virusImpaired host defence mechanisms Carcinoid tumours or foreign body aspirationPrimary ciliary dyskinesia, Kaagener&;s syndrome and cystic fibrosis are also associated with bronchiectasis.Exposure to toxic substances like inhalation of toxic gases such as ammonia or aspiration of acidic gastric contentsClinical Manifestations:Radiographic findingsPersistent or a recurrent cough and purulent sputum productionHemoptysis due to bleeding from friable, inflamed airway mucosa.Massive bleeding from hyperophied bronchial aeries.Physical examination include crackles, rhonchi, and wheeze may be heard, all of which reflect the damaged airway containing significant secretions HRCT is an investigation of choice When seen longitudinally, the airways appears as"tram tracks"; when seen in cross-section, they produce&;ring shadows" Bronchiectasis of relatively proximal airways suggests ABPA, whereas the presence of multiple small nodules (nodular bronchiectasis) suggest infection with M. avium complex(Refer: Harrison\'s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18thedition, pg no: 2143-2144)', 'role': 'assistant'}]