This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'True about Nephrotic syndrome in a child – a) Minimal change disease is commonest causeb) Proteinuria of 4 gm/m2 hr is characteristicc) Cyclosporine & Azathioprine is mainstay of therapyd) Pretreatment biopsy is done in all casese) Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is associated with it \nSelect and explain. \nA. a, B. ae, C. ab, D. ad', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Nephrotic syndrome in children\n\nMost children (90%) with nephrotic syndrome have a form of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.\nCauses of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome are -\n\ni) Minimal change disease (85%)\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\nii) Mesangial proliferative GN\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\n\xa0iii) FSGS\n\nInfections are a common complication of minimal change disease (Nephrotic syndrome)\nCommonly seen infections are - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (most common), UTI, Sepsis, pneumonia and cellulitis.\nThere is increased susceptibility to infections in minimal change disease because of -\nUrinary losses of immunoglobulin’s & properdin factor B\xa0\xa0\nMalnutrition\xa0 \xa0 \xa0\nDefective cell-mediated immunity\xa0\nOedema/ascites\nImmunosuppressive therapy\nThe bacteria most commonly implicated in these cases are Streptococcus pneumoniae (most common) and E. coll.', 'role': 'assistant'}]