This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Dystrophic calcification means- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Calcification in destroyed tissue with normal calcium level in blood, B. t level of Ca++ deposits, C. Calcification in normal tissue seen in hyperparathyroidism, D. Calcification in destroyed tissues with hyper calcemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Amyloidosis is the extracellular deposition of insoluble protein fibrils.\nAL- Primary systemic amyloidosis\nAA- Secondary amyloidosis\nAF- Familial\nAβ2M- In ESRD\nDiagnosed by abdominal fat pad aspiration showing apple green birefringence by polarized light\xa0microscopy with Congo red stain\nHigh ESR, High ALP\nSerum Immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE), UIFE-sensitive to detect light chains (Lamda more\xa0common)\nKidneys- most common involved. Nephrotic range proteinuria, azotemia seen\nHeart- second common organ; restrictive cardiomyopathy, low voltage complexes in ECG, sparkly\xa0appearance on ECHO heart\nPeripheral sensory neuropathy,carpal tunnel syndrome\nLarge tongue, raccoon-eye sign-Factor X deficiency^ bleeding)\nTreatment- AL- Melphalan. dexamethasone, lenalidomide & bortezomib;\nHDM/SCT- Autologous stem cell transplantation after high-dose melphalan\nHigh BNP. pro-BNP, troponin T & I in cardiac involvement, used for prognosis too.\nAA Amyloidosis: secondary to chronic infections - tuberculosis, SABE or inflammatory conditions\xa0like RA, IBD, Castleman's disease\nTreat the primary disease, TNF & IL -1 antagonist.\nThe new drug - Eprodisate for renal AA\nAF Amyloidosis: AD, mutant TTR (transthyretin/prealbumin)\n\n° Peripheral & autonomic neuropathy\n° Cardiac conduction defects\n\nAβ2M/ Amyloidosis: associated with ESRD. on hemodialysis\nCarpal tunnel syndrome, joint effusions, cystic bone lesions\nDecreases with stopping dialysis", 'role': 'assistant'}]