This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': '2 year old child presented with sudden onset of altered sensorium on examination P was 200/100 – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Renal artery stenosis, B. Coarctation of Aorta, C. Glomerulonephritis, D. Essential hypertension', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: This child is suffering from hypertensive crisis.\nHypertensive crisis \n\nIn hypertensive crisis, BP is rapidly rising or a high BP level is associated with neurological manifestations, heart failure or pulmonary edema.\nHypertensive crisis may be divided : -\n\n\nHypertensive emergencies ---> Situations in which immediate reduction of BP is needed (within minutes), usually with parentral therapy.\nHypertensive urgencies\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 Situations in which reduction of BP is needed within hours, usually with oral agents.\nAccelerated malignant hypertension ----> Situations in which papilledema, hemorrhage, and exudate are associated with markedly elevated BP. The diastolic pressure is usually greater than 140 mm. Hg.\nHypertensive encephalopathy --> Situations in which markedly elevated BP is associated with severe headache and various alteration in consciousness.\n\n\nSo, the child in question having hypertensive encephalopathy i.e., markedly elevated BP with impaired sensorium.\nHypertensive encephalopathy may develop in any cause of secondary hypertension if BP is markedly elevated.\nMost common cause of secondary hypertension in a child is chronic glomerulonephritis.', 'role': 'assistant'}]