This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: All India exam, Subject name: Medicine
[{'content': 'hyperventilation may lead to ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. tetany, B. respiratory alkalosis, C. metabolic acidosis, D. metabolic alkalosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Hyperventilation syndrome * Hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) represents a relatively common emergency depament (ED) presentation that is readily recognized by most clinicians. * The underlying patho-physiology has not been clearly elucidated. * HVS is a condition in which minute ventilation exceeds metabolic demands, resulting in hemodynamic and chemical changes that produce characteristic dysphoric symptoms * Inducing a drop in PaCO, through voluntary hyperventilation reproduces these symptoms. * Many patients with HVS do not manifest low PaCO, during attacks. Pharmacologic Therapy * Benzodiazepines are useful in the treatment of hyperventilation resulting from anxiety and panic attacks. * By binding to specific receptor sites, these agents appear to potentiate the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and to facilitate inhibitory GABA neurotransmission and the actions of other inhibitory transmitters. * Alprazolam (xanax) is indicated for treatment of anxiety and management of panic attacks. * Lorazepam (ativan) is a sedative-hypnotic of the benzodiazepine class that has a sho time to onset of effect and a relatively long half-life. ref : harrisons 21st ed', 'role': 'assistant'}]