This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Which is not the action of TGF - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anti -inflammatory, B. Proliferation of fibrous tissue, C. Anaphylaxis, D. Inhibition of metalloproteinases', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Transforming Growth factor beta:\n\nTransforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) is the most important cytokine for the synthesis and deposition\xa0of\xa0connective tissue\xa0proteins.\nIt is produced by most of the cells in granulation tissue, including alternatively activated\xa0macrophages.\nThe levels of TGF-β in tissues\xa0are primarily regulated not by the transcription\xa0of the gene but by the\xa0post-transcriptional activation\xa0of latent TGF-β, the rate of secretion of the active\xa0molecule, and factors in\xa0the ECM, notably integrins, that enhance or diminish TGF-β activity.\nTGF-β stimulates fibroblast migration and proliferation, increased synthesis of collagen and fibronectin, and decreased degradation\xa0of ECM due to inhibition\xa0of metalloproteinases.\nTGF-β is involved not only in scar formation\xa0after injury' but also in the development of fibrosis in lung, liver, and kidneys that follows chronic inflammation.\nTGF-β is also an anti-inflammatory\xa0cytokine that serves to limit and terminate inflammatory responses. It\xa0does this by inhibiting\xa0lymphocyte proliferation\xa0and the activity\xa0of other leukocytes.", 'role': 'assistant'}]