This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'Kwashiorkor is diagnosed in growth-retarded children along with – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Edema and mental changes, B. Hypopigmentation and anemia, C. Edema and hypopigmentation, D. hepatomegaly and anemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a spectrum of conditions ranging from mild undernutrition of extreme forms of malnutrition, i.e. Marasmus and Kwashiorkor.\nMost of the child suffer from mild to moderate nutritional deficit and extreme forms (marasmus and kwashiorkor) account only for a small proportion of cases of malnutrition.\n\nMild to moderate malnutrition\n\nIf the dietary intake is deficient for a short period, the body adapts its metabolism to compensate for the deficit to some extent.\n\xa0Moderately malnourished children appear slower and less energetic.\nGrowth lag is more pronounced in weight than the length.\nHead circumference is not reduced significantly.\n\nMarasmus\n\nMarasmus is characterized by gross wasting of muscles and subcutaneous tissues resulting in emaciation, marked stunting and no oedema.\n\nKwashiorkor\n\nThe classical triad of kwashiorkor is markedly retarded growth, psychomotor (mental) changes and oedema.', 'role': 'assistant'}]