This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Which of the following is the most likely inheritance pattern in the pedigree given below- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Autosomal dominant, B. Mitochondrial, C. Autosomal recessive, D. X-linked dominant', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: It is an X-linked dominant pattern of inheritance.\nThe features which suggest the X-linked dominant pattern of inheritance are-\nA single abnormal X chromosome is sufficient to express the disease.\nAll of the female offspring’s of a diseased male XY will receive the abnormal X chromosome and express the disease, whereas none of the male offspring to the diseased father will have the disease (as sons don't receive X chromosome from their father).\nA diseased mother can transmit the abnormal X chromosome to both daughter and sons equally.\n\nImportant facts \n\nIf a female is transmitting the disease to all offspring’s (both males and females) and a male is not transmitting the disease to any child, it is mitochondrial\xa0inheritance.\nIf a male is transmitting the disease only to daughters (all daughters) and not to the sons whereas female transmit the disease to half daughters and half of the sons, it is X-linked dominant.\nIf only males are affected in a pedigree, it is likely to be an X-linked recessive disease (females act as carriers; only transmit the disease and themselves remain unaffected).\nIf there is no sex-predilection and affected individuals transmit the disease to half of the offspring’s, it is an autosomal dominant disorder.\nIf there is no sex-predilection and affected individuals transmit the disease to one-fourth of the offspring’s, it is likely to be an autosomal recessive disorder.", 'role': 'assistant'}]