This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Fluid & Electrolyte, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'Proximal muscle weakness atrophy in a child with PEM due to which electrolyte disturbance: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypokalemia, B. Hypomagnesemia, C. Hypophosphatemia, D. Hypocalcemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: C i.e. HypophosphatemiaRef: Nelson, Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th edition, page 833Explanation:Hypokalemia:* Heart and skeletal muscle (muscle weakness and cramps) are especially vulnerable to hypokalemia* Paralysis is a possible complication, generally only at levels <2.5 mEq/L (starts with the legs, followed by the arms)* Slows gastrointestinal motility (constipation levels <2.5 mEq/L)* Impairs bladder function, potentially leading to urinary retention* Causes polyuria and polydipsiaHypocalcemia:* Muscular pain and cramps are early manifestations; they progress to numbness, stiffness, and tingling of the hands and feet positive Chvostek or Trousseau sign or laryngeal and carpopedal spasms.* Convulsions with or without loss of consciousness teeth erupt late and irregularly. Enamel formation is irregular, and the teeth may be unusually soft.Hypophosphatemia:* Hypophosphatemia is a serum phosphate concentration < 2.5 mg/dL (0.81 mmol/L)* Hemolysis and dysfunction of white blood cells.* Proximal muscle weakness and atrophy* Rhabdomyolysis* Cardiac dysfunction* Neurologic symptoms, such as tremor, paresthesia, ataxia, seizures, delirium and comaHypomagnesaemia:* Magnesium levels <0.7 mg/dL* Causes secondary hypocalcemia by impairing the release of PTH by the parathyroid gland and through blunting the tissue response to PTH* Dominant manifestations of Hypomagnesaemia are due to hypocalcemia: tetany, positive Chvostek and Trousseau signs and seizures', 'role': 'assistant'}]