This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'A female patient presented with a firm mass of 2 x 2 ems in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. She gives a family history of ovarian carcinoma. The investigation that needs to be done to assess for mutation is - \nSelect and explain. \nA. p53, B. BRCA-2, C. Her 2/Neu gene, D. C-myc gene', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: " In women with hereditary breast - ovarian cancer, two susceptibility loci have been identified:\n\nBRCA -1\xa0→ located on chromosome 17 and\nBRCA - 2\xa0\xa0→ located on chromosome 13\n\n"About 25% of familial cancers (or around 3% of all breast cancer) can be attributed to two highly penetrant\xa0autosomal dominant genes BRCA1 and BRCA2" \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0\nComing to the question\n\nThis woman is suffering from familial breast carcinoma as (family history positive for ovarian cancer)\nThe most common gene associated with familial breast cancer is BRCA-1 (52%) followed by BRCA-2 (32% of all familial cancers).\nBRAC-1 and BRAC-2 are associated with ovarian cancer, so a family history of ovarian carcinoma may be positive.\xa0\n\nRemember\n\nThe most common gene involved in famiilial breast cancer → BRCA-1\nThe most common gene involved in sporadic breast cancer\xa0→ p53\nMost common gene involved overall (Hereditary plus sporadic) → p53\nThe maximum increase in susceptibility to breast cancer is seen with → p53 mutation (>90%) whether it is sporadic or Hereditary.', 'role': 'assistant'}]