This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'In atherosclerosis, increased LDL in monocyte macrophage due to- \nSelect and explain. \nA. LDL receptors on macrophage, B. LDL receptors on endothelium, C. Lipids in LDL get oxidized, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lipids in LDL gets oxidized o Oxidized LDL are paicularly impoant relation to atherosclerosis. o Macrophages and endothelial cells generate oxygen free radicals that induce chemical change in LDL to yield oxidized (modified) LDL. Oxidized LDL has following effects ? Ingested by macrophages through the scavenger receptor, distinct from LDL receptors, thus forming foam cells. Increases monocyte accumulation in lesions. Stimulates release of growth factors and cytokines. Is cytotoxic to smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. o Remember - Foam cells are lipid-laden cells that derive predominantly from macrophages, but smooth muscle cells can also imbibe lipid to become foam cells.", 'role': 'assistant'}]