This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
[{'content': 'Which of the following statements is true regarding kidney tumors -a) Mutated VHL gene is associated with clear cell carcinomab) Extreme hyperdiploidy occursc) Extreme hypodiploidy occursd) Renal papillary carcinoma has defect in chromosome 8e) Oncocytoma has defect in chromosome 11 \nSelect and explain. \nA. ac, B. bc, C. ad, D. b', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Cvtogenetics of various subtypes of Renal Cell Ca \nClear cell carcinoma\n\nis the most common type (70-80%)\nThese tumors can be\nfamilial\nassociated with VHL disease or\nsporadic (95%\nAlmost all (~98%) of clear cell carcinomas are associated with loss of sequences on short arm of chromosome 3. The lost sequences include the VHL gene.\nThe VHL gene acts as a tumor-suppressor gene the loss of which is associated with clear cell Ca.\n\n\nPapillary carcinoma\n\nAlso occurs in both familial and sporadic forms.\nThe cytogenetic abnormalities associated with papillary Ca are\ntrisomies 7, 16 and 17 and loss of Y in male patients for sporadic form\ntrisomy 7 in the familial form\nFamilial form is associated with MET protooncogene.\n\nChromophobe carcinoma\n-\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 On cytogenetic examinations, these tumors exhibit multiple chromosome losses and extreme hypoploidy.\nCytogenetics of Oncocytoma\n\nassociated with loss of chromosome 1 and Y.\nAlso know\nRenal medullary Ca is a relatively new histologic subtype of RCC that occurs almost exclusively in association with the sickle cell trait.', 'role': 'assistant'}]