This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Orthopaedics
[{'content': 'Major indication (s) for arthroplasty -a) Osteoarthritis of hipb) Ankylosis of elbowc) Ununited tibial fractured) Ununited femoral neck fracturee) TB spine \nSelect and explain. \nA. abd, B. bcd, C. abc, D. ab', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Arthroplasty, also known as\xa0joint replacement,\xa0is the operative procedure for construction of a new movable joint.\nIt is a surgical procedure to restore the integrity and function of the joint.\nCommon arthroplasties are of following types :\n\n1)\xa0Hip arthroplasty\n\nFollowing type of hip arthroplasties are there :\n\n\nTotal hip replacement :\xa0Both parts of joint, i.e. femoral head and acetabulum, are replaced by prosthesis.\nHemi-arthroplasty (hemi-replacement) :\xa0Only one part of the joint, i.e. femoral head, is replaced without putting acetabular component. Examples are Bipolar hemiarthroplasty and unipolar herniartroplasty (AMR).\nSurface replacement (resurfacing procedure) :\xa0Only diseased surface of femoral head is resected and is replaced by metal surface.\n\n'Important indications for TKR\n\nArthritis :\xa0Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis\xa0(primary or secondary)\nAvascular necrosis of femoral head due to alcoholism,\xa0non-union femoral neck\xa0fracture and cortisone\nBone tumor involving proximal femur or acetabulum.\nFailed hemiarthroplasty\nOld healed infection (TB or pyogenic)\n\n2)\xa0Knee arthroplasty\n\nKnee arthroplasties may be of following types :\n\n\nTotal knee replacement :\xa0Complete joint, i.e. both condyles of femur, both tipial plateau and patella are resected and replaced by prosthesis.\nUnicondylar replacement :\xa0Only one condyle (medial or lateral) of femur is replaced.\nPatellar resurfacing :\xa0Diseased part of patella is resected and resurfaced.\n\nImportant indications of TKR\n\nArthritis :\xa0RA, OA,\xa0Postraumatic arthritis, inflammatory arthritis\xa0(gout\nHemophilia\nTumors\n\n\n3)\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0Elbow arthroplasty\n\nThe elbow joint (heumero-ulnar joint) is replaced by an artificial hinged elbow prosthesis.\n\nImportant indications for elbow replacement\n\nPain & instability\nAnkylosis in non-functional position\xa0(e.g. in RA)", 'role': 'assistant'}]