This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine
[{'content': 'Inclusions in oligodendrogliocytes is a feature of - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, B. CIDP, C. HSV, D. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: -\n\nProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a progressive disorder cause by J.C. virus\xa0\nThe main cells affected in the disease are oligodendrocytes.\nSince oligodendrocytes are concerned with myelination, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is\xa0characterized by multifocal areas of demyelination\xa0of varying size distributed throughout the brain but sparing\xa0the spinal cord and optic nerves.\n\nPathology\n\nBesides demyelination there are characterises cytological alterations in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes: -\n\nAstrocytes\xa0\n\nEnlarged and contain, hyperchromatic, deformed and bizarre nuclei and frequent mitotic figures.\n\nOligodendrocytes\n\nThese have enlarged densely staining nuclei that contains virus inclusions formed by crystalline arrays.\n\nSymptoms of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: -\n\nVisual defects (45%) → Homonymous hemianopia, Conjugate gaze abnormalities\nMental impairment (38%) → Dementia, confusion, personality changes\nWeakness → Hemi or monoparesis and ataxia\nSeizures (20%) → Speech defect aphasia, hemiparesis, ataxia\nFocal neurological signs\nProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is predominantly seen in patients with immunosuppressive\xa0disorders\nMost commonly associated conditions are: -\nAIDS (80%)Q\nHematological malignancies (13%)\nTransplant recipients (5%)\nChronic inflammatory disease (2%)\nPrognosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy\nIn most cases, death occurs in 3-6 months from onset of neurological symptoms and even more rapidly in\xa0patients with AIDS unless aggressive interetruvial treatment is undertaken.\n\nDiagnosis\n\nMRI is used for the diagnosis of PML.\nMRI is better than CT scan in the diagnosis of PML and is frequently used for the diagnosis of PML.\nOn MRI the lesion appears as multifocal asymmetric coalescing white matter located periventricular.\nThese lesions have increased signals on T2 and FLAIR images and decrease signal on T-weighted images.\nPML lesions are classically nonenhancingQ.\nAnother important diagnostic tool in PML is the PCR ampli', 'role': 'assistant'}]