This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'Infant with cystic fibrosis (CF) are likely to develop – a) Meconitun ileusb)  Loose motionsc)  Vomitingd)  Constipation \nSelect and explain. \nA. b, B. c, C. ac, D. ad', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Cystic fibrosis \n\nCystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) is a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine (mucus) glands of the lungs, liver, pancreas and intestines, causing progressive disability due to multisystem failure.\nIt has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.\n\nPathogenesis\nThe basic defect in CF is a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene that regulates chloride conductance channel in the outer membrane of exocrine glands.\nMutation in the CFTR gene\xa0\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 ↓\nDysfunction of chloride conductance channel of exocrine glands\xa0\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0↓\nLack of chloride conduction\xa0\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0↓\nSecretion of glands becomes more viscous and thick\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0↓\nBlockade of respiratory tract and ducts of exocrine\nglands by thick viscid mucus\n\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0↓\nManifestations of CF\nClinical manifestations\n1) Lungs and sinus disease\n\nSinusitis\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\nBronchiectasis\xa0\xa0\nLower respiratory tract infection\nNasal polyps\xa0\xa0\nChronic lung disease\xa0\xa0\nPulmonary hypertension\xa0→\xa0can cause heart failure\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0\nAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis\xa0 \xa0 \xa0\xa0\xa0 \xa0 \xa0\n\n2)\xa0\xa0\xa0 GIT, Liver and pancreas\n\nMeconium ileus\nRectal prolapse\nMalabsorption\nPancreatitis\xa0\xa0\xa0 \xa0\nConstipation\xa0 \xa0\nIntussusception\xa0 \xa0\nMeconium peritonitis \xa0\nBile duct obstruction and biliary cirrhosis \xa0\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0\n\n3) Endocrine and growth\n\nDiabetes\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\nOsteoporosis\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\nPoor growth\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0\n\n4) Infertility\n\nIn men due to the absence of vas deference\xa0\xa0\nIn women due to thick cervical mucus.', 'role': 'assistant'}]