This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics
[{'content': 'A pregnant woman is found to have excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid. Such polyhydramnios is likely to be associated with all of the following conditions except : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Twinning, B. Microencephaly, C. Oesophageal atresia, D. Bilateral renal agenesis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. is d i.e. Bilateral renal agenesis This is quite an easy one - As we all know that Renal agenesis leads to oligohydramnios and not polyhydramnios But that does not mean, we should not know more about polyhydramnios. Polyhydramnios at a Glance. It is a condition where liquor amnii is in excessive amount i.e., > 2 litresdeg. But since quantitative assessment of liquor amnii is impractical. Most common used definition is by ultrasound assessment i.e., when amniotic fluid index (AFI) is > 25 cmdeg or finding of a pocket of fluid measuring 8 cmsdeg or more in veical diameter. Grades of Polyhydramniosdeg Mild defined as pockets measuring 8 - 11 cm in veical dimension (seen in 80% cases). Moderate defined as pocket measuring 12 - 15 cms in veical dimension (seen in 15% cases). Severe defined as free floating fetus found in pockets of fluid of 16 cms or more (seen in 5% cases).', 'role': 'assistant'}]