This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Cytogenetic Disorders, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Comment on the diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Down syndrome, B. Turner syndrome, C. Prader-Willi syndrome, D. Patau syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. (a) Down syndrome.Notice the hypotonia with facial grimace and a wide gap between the first and second toe of the foot. The karyotype confirms it to be trisomy 21.Mnemonic for DOWN Syndrome is "CHILD HAS PROBLEM"* Cataracts/heart disease (Endocardial cushion defect)* Hypotonia/hyperthyroidism* Incur 5th finger/Increased gap between 1st and 2nd toes* Leukemia (risk x 2)/Lung problems* Duodenal atresia/Delayed development* Hirschsprung\'s disease/Hearing loss* Alzheimer\'s disease/Atlantoaxial instability* Short neck/Squint* Protruding tongue/Palmar crease* Round face/Rolling eye (nystagmus)* Oblique eye fissure/Occiput flat* Behavioral difficulties* Low nasal bridge/Language problem* Epicanthic fold/Ear folded* Mental retardation/MyoclonusImage source- style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">', 'role': 'assistant'}]