This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'Neural tube defects are prevented by – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pyridoxin, B. Folic acid, C. Thiamine, D. Iron', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Neural tube defect\n\nNeural tube defects account for most congenital anamalies of the CNS.\nIt results from failure of neural tube to close spontaneously between the 3rd and 4th week of in utero development.\nLumbo-sacrol region is the most common site Etiology\nNTDs have multiple etiological factors -\n\n\nMaternal diabetes\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\nZinc and folate deficiency\nMaternal exposure to alcohol, radiation, valproate, carbamazepine\nTrisomy 13 and 15\n\n\nMaternal malnutrition is an important risk factor for development of NTD. There is decreased maternal folate levels in NTD affected pregnancies --> Periconceptional folic acid supplementation decreases the occurrence of NTD\n\nPathogenesis\n\nThe human nervous system develops from neuroectoderm.\nDuring development, behind neuroectoderm lies the mesoderm that encloses the notochord which is derived from endoderm.\nVertebral bodies develop from the mesoderm around the notochord.\nNeuroectoderm forms invagination ---> Neural groove.\nThis neural groove separates from overlying surface ectoderm and becomes neural tube.\nFrom developing vertebral bodies, two dorsal projection extends, which grow around the neural tube and form vertebral arch (pedicle and lamina).\nFailure of these vertebral arches to fuse give rise to Neural tube defect.', 'role': 'assistant'}]