This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Sub-epithelial humps are characteristic of - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Minimal change glomerulonephritis, B. Membranous glomerulonephritis, C. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, D. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Post streptococcal (Acute proliferative) glomerulonephritis\n\nPost-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is an acute proliferative glomerulonephritis which is characterized by diffuse proliferation of glomerular cells, associated with an influx of leukocytes.\nPSGN is characterized by -\n\n(i) Enlarged, hypercellular glomeruli that are caused by\n\nInfiltration of leukocytes, both neutrophils and monocytes.\nProliferation of endothelial cells and mesangial cells.\nProliferation and leukocyte infiltration is diffuse, i.e. involving all lobules of all glomeruli.\n\n\nIn severe form → Crescent formation.\nBy immunofluorescence microscopy, there are granular deposits of IgG, IgM and C3 in the mesangium and along the basement membrane.\nThe characteristic electron microscopic findings are discrete, amorphous, electron-dense deposits on the epithelial side of the membrane, often having the appearance of humps → Subepithelial humps.\nSubendothelial, intramembranous (within GBM) and mesangial deposits may be present.\n\nAlso, know\nIn its severe form acute diffuse proliferative GN may show rapid deterioration of renal function with the formation of the crescent in the glomeruli → it is referred as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.', 'role': 'assistant'}]