This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy
[{'content': 'Klumpke’s paralysis affect- \nSelect and explain. \nA. C3C6, B. C 6 C7, C. C 8T1, D. C4C5', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: ERB’S PARALYSIS\n\n\xa0One region of upper trunk (C# CfQ of the brachial plexus is called Erb's point where six nerves meet,\n\xa0Injury at this point results in Erb’s paralysis.\n\xa0The injury is due to undue separation of the head from the shoulder; which may be seen in : -\n\ni. Birth injury\nii. Fall on the shoulder\niii. During Anesthesia\n\xa0\nClinical features of Erb’s palsv\nA. Muscles paralysed: Mainly biceps brachii, deltoid, branchialis and brachioradialis. Partly\xa0supraspinatus, infraspinatus\xa0and supinator.\nB. Deformity (position of the limb)\ni. Arm : Hanges by the side; it is adducted and medially rotated\nii. Forearm : Extended and pronated\nThe deformity is known as “policeman's tip hand’ or ‘porter’s tip hand’.\nC. Disability : The following movements are lost.\n\n\xa0Abduction\xa0and lateral rotation of the arm (shoulder),\n\xa0Flexion and supination of the forearm,\n\xa0Biceps and supinator jerks are lost.\n\xa0Sensations are lost over a small area over the lower part of the deltoid.\n\nKLUMPKE’S PARALYSIS\n\n\xa0Site of injury : Lower trunk of the brachial plexus\n\xa0Cause of injury: Undue abduction of the arm, as in clutching something with the hands after a fall from a\xa0height, or sometimes in birth injury,\n\xa0Nerve roots involved : - Mainly T1 and partly C8.\n\xa0Muscles paralysed\n\ni. Intrinsic muscles of the hand (T1).\nii. Ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers (C8)\niii. Deformity (position of the hand). Claw hand due to the unopposed action of the long flexors and\xa0extensors of the fingers. In a claw hand there is hyperextension at the metacarpophalangeal joints\xa0and flexion at the interphalangeal joints.\n\n\xa0Disability\n\ni. Claw hand\nii. Cutaneous anaesthesia and analgesia in a narrow' zone along the ulnar border of the forearm and\xa0hand.\niii. Homer’s syndrome if T1 is injured proximal to white ramus communicans to first thoracic\xa0sympathetic ganglion. There is ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, enophthalmos, and loss of ciliospinal\nreflex-may be associated. (This is because of injury to sympathetic fibres to the head and neck\xa0that leave the spinal cord through nerve T1).\niv. Vasomotor changes : The skin area with sensory loss is warmer due to arteriolar dilation. It is\xa0also drier due to the absence of sweating as there is loss of sympathetic activity.\nv. Trophic changes : Long standing case of paralysis leads to dry and scaly skin. The nails crack\xa0easily with atrophy of the pulp of fingers.", 'role': 'assistant'}]