This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Polycystic Kidney Disease, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Which gene is most commonly mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)? \nSelect and explain. \nA. PKD1, B. PKD2, C. NHPS1, D. HEF', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: PKD1 gene codes for polycystin-1 and is located on chromosome 16p13.3. Polycystin-1 is expressed in tubular epithelial cells, paicularly those of the distal nephron. It contains domains that are usually involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Mutations in PKD1 account for about 85% of cases. Numerous small cysts in the coex and medulla give the kidney a spongelike appearance. Cysts have a uniform lining of cuboidal cells. Multiple epithelium-lined liver cysts are also seen.', 'role': 'assistant'}]