This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics
[{'content': 'The following changes occur in urinary system in pregnancy except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increased GFR, B. Increased RBF, C. Hypertrophy of bladder musculature, D. Increased activity of ureters', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: As discussed previously, during pregnancy – Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow increases i.e. option a and b are correct. Amongst option c and d; option d i.e. increased activity of ureters cannot be correct as the main hormone during pregnancy is progesterone which leads to relaxation of the smooth muscles of ureter. Therefore activity of ureters\ndecreases and leads to urinary stasis.\nAnatomical changes in renal system during pregnancy.\n\nBoth kidneys enlarge in pregnancy 1 cm.\nHydroureter and hydronephrosis occurs due to relaxant effect progesterone (These changes are M/c on right side).\nCongestion of bladder leading to decreased bladder capacity.\nTo compensate bladder pressure increases and intraurethral pressure increases.', 'role': 'assistant'}]