This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Respiratory system, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Alpha -1 antitrypsin deficiency occurs in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Emphysema, B. Bronchiectasis, C. Empyema, D. Brochogenic carcinoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Emphysema:*Irreversible enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles accompanied by destruction of their walls.*Types: Centriacinar (Common), panacinar, paraseptal and irregular.*Panacinar emphysema is associated with a1-antitrypsin deficiency, which is an inhibitor of proteases secreted by neutrophils during inflammation. *In a1-antitrypsin deficiency individuals, any stimulus (like smoking) that increases neutrophils in the lung causes an uninhibited destruction of lungs by proteases causing emphysema.Ref: Robbins 8/e p684', 'role': 'assistant'}]