This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Shock, Subject name: Surgery
[{'content': 'Which of the following is the best parameter for monitoring septic shock? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Central venous pressure (CVP), B. Vasopressor requirement, C. Urine output, D. Serum lactate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Definitions of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock Sepsis category Sepsis-3 2001 Sepsis CMS Sep-1 Sepsis SOFA score> 2 + suspected infection 2 of 4 SIRS criteria + suspected infection 2 of 4 SIRS criteria + suspected infection Severe Sepsis Not applicable Sepsis + organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion or hypotension Sepsis + sepsis - induced organ dysfunction Septic Shock Vasopressor requirement to maintain MAP> 65 mm Hg + Serum lactate level > 2 mmol/L in the absence of hypovolemia Sepsis induced hypotension persisting after adequate IV fluid resuscitation + presence of perfusion abnormalities or organ dysfunction Lactate > 4 mmol/L SBP <90 mm Hg. not responsive to IV fluids MAP <70 mm Hg not responsive to IV fluids', 'role': 'assistant'}]