This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
[{'content': 'Normal portal vein pressure is \nSelect and explain. \nA. < 3 mm Hg, B. 3-5 mm Hg, C. 5-10 mm Hg, D. 10 to 1 2mm of Hg', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: • Normal portal vein pressure: 5-10 mm Hg\xa0\n• Variceal formation occurs when portal pressure is >10 mm Hg.\n• Variceal bleeding occurs when portal pressure is >12 mm Hg.\n\xa0• Normal portal vein pressure: 10-15 cm saline\n• Definition: Portal pressure >10 mm Hg\n• MC cause of portal hypertension in United States: Cirrhosis.\n• Consequence of both increased portal vascular resistance and increased portal flow.\n• Portal hypertension results in splenomegaly with enlarged, tortuous, and even aneurysmal splenic vessels.\n• Cruveilhier-Baumgarten murmur: Audible venous hum in caput medusa\n• Hyperdynamic portal venous circulation seems to be related to the severity of the liver failure.\n• Upper G.I. bleeding is caused by the portal hypertension in about 90% of instances.\n• Most bleeding episodes occur during the first 1 to 2 years after identification of varices.\n• Colour Doppler is the investigation of choice for evaluation of PHT.\n• About one third of deaths in patients with known esophageal varices are due to upper GI bleed\n• A larger proportion dies as a result of liver failure.\n• MC causes of death in cirrhosis patients: Hepatic failure\n• 2nd MC causes of death in cirrhosis patients: variceal hemorrhage', 'role': 'assistant'}]