This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'The decrease in plasma osmotic pressure is the cause of edema in? \nSelect and explain. \nA. CHF, B. DVT, C. Nephrotic syndrome, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: • Following conditions can cause edema :-\n1) The increased hydrostatic pressure of capillaries : It causes an increase in outward driving force. It may be due to impaired venous return e.g. in CHF or DVT.\n2) Decreased plasma osmotic pressure of capillaries: It causes decreases in inward driving force. It results from Hypoproteinemia.\nWhen total plasma protein is below 5 gm/dl (normal 6-8gm/dl) or albumin is below 2.5 gm/dl (normal 3.5-5 gm/dl) edema takes place.\nConditions causing hypoproteinemia are a nephrotic syndrome, liver cirrhosis, protein-losing enteropathy, and PEM.\n3) Defective removal of interstitial fluid by lymphatics: It is due to lymphatic obstruction, which may be inflammatory, neoplastic, post-surgical and post-irradiation.\xa0\n4) Increased vascular permeability: It occurs in acute and chronic inflammation, and during angiogenesis (new vessels are leaky).\n5) Sodium (salt) and water retention: It causes expansion of plasma volume (hydrostatic pressure) and dilution of plasma proteins (↓ osmotic pressure).\nThe conditions responsible for this type of edema are ARF, acute glomerulonephritis, renal hypoperfusion, and increase renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) activity.', 'role': 'assistant'}]