This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics
[{'content': 'Complications of diabetes in pregnancy Includes all except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Macrosomia, B. Shoulder dystocia, C. Hyperglycemia in newborn, D. lUGR', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: FETAL AND NEONATAL HAZARDS Fetal Macrosomia (40-50%) due to Maternal Hyperglycemia and Elevation of maternal free fatry acids. Congenital malformation(6-10%) Bih injuries are associated with prolonged labour and shoulder dystocia due to macrosomic baby. Growth Restriction is less commonly observed and is associated with maternal vasculopathy. Fetal Death has got multifactorial pathogenesis but the final event being hypoxia and lactic acedemia. Neonatal complications- a) Hypoglycemia (<35mg/dL) is due to Hyperinsulinemia b) Respiratory Distress syndrome due to excess level of fetal insulin that blocks the action of coisol. c) Hyperbilirubinemia d) Polycythemia e) Hypocalcemia(<7mg/dL) f) Hypomagnesemia (<7mg/dL) g) Cardiomyopathy Long term effects- childhood obesity, metabolic syndrome, Neuropsychological effects and diabetes. PERINATAL MOALITY: Overall perinatal moality is increased 2-3times. Reference: DC.Duttas textbook of OBG, 9th edition, page 265 266', 'role': 'assistant'}]