This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'In a patient who has diarrhoea and vomiting with inadequate water, intake is suffering from – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intracellular dehydration with hypernatremia, B. Intracellular dehydration with hyponatremia, C. Extracellular dehydration with hyponatremia, D. Extracellular dehydration with hypernatremia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Extracellular fluid consists of\n\nInterstitial (intercellular fluid)\nCirculating blood\nIntestinal fluids and secretions\nIntracellular fluid consists of fluid present within the cells.\nLoss of fluid in diarrhoea and vomiting comes from the extracellular fluid. Therefore there is shrinkage or reduction in the volume of extracellular fluid.\nDiarrhoea and vomiting both cause loss of Na+ rich fluid, therefore, there is a decline in the serum sodium level (hyponatremia).\nThese causes fall in osmolality of ECF leading to shifting of fluid from ECF to ICF causing a further decrease in ECF volume.', 'role': 'assistant'}]