This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: Misc., Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Brain edema is associated with \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase in ECF volume, B. Increase brain water content, C. Increase volume in interstitial space, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: (A) Increase in ECF volume # Vasogenic edema occurs when the integrity of the normal blood-brain barrier is disrupted. With increased vascular permeability, fluid shifts from the vascular compartment into intercellular spaces of the brain (ECF compartment). Vasogenic edema can be either localized-because of abnormal permeability of vessels adjacent to inflammation or tumors-or generalized.> Cytotoxic edema implies an increase in intracellular fluid secondary to neuronal, glial, or endothelial cell membrane injury, as might be encountered in an individual with a generalized hypoxic/ischemic insult or with exposure to some toxins.', 'role': 'assistant'}]