This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'All are seen in malignant hypertension except - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fibrinoid necrosis, B. Hyaline arteriolosclerosis, C. Necrotizing glomerulonephritis, D. Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Malignant hypertension, defined as blood pressure usually\ngreater than 200/120 mm Hg, is far less common in the\nUnited States than so-called “benign” hypertension and\noccurs in only about 5% of persons with elevated blood\npressure. It may arise de novo (i.e., without preexisting\nhypertension), or it may appear suddenly in a person who\nhad mild hypertension.\nPathogenesis\nThe basis for this turn for the worse in hypertensive subjects\nis unclear, but the following sequence is suggested: The initial\nevent seems to be some form of vascular damage to the\nkidneys. This most commonly results from long-standing\nhypertension, with eventual injury to the arteriolar walls. The\nresult is increased permeability of the small vessels to fibrinogen\nand other plasma proteins, endothelial injury, and platelet\ndeposition. This leads to the appearance of\xa0fibrinoid\nnecrosis\xa0of arterioles and small arteries and intravascular\nthrombosis. Mitogenic factors from platelets (e.g., plateletderived\ngrowth factor) and plasma cause intimal hyperplasia\nof vessels, resulting in the\xa0hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis\ntypical of organizing injury of malignant hypertension and of\nmorphologically similar thrombotic microangiopathies (see\nlater) and further narrowing of the lumina. The kidneys\nbecome markedly ischemic.', 'role': 'assistant'}]