This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
[{'content': 'Regarding pectus excavatum all are true except - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gross CVS dysfunction, B. Decrease in lung capacity, C. Cosmetic deformity, D. Depression in chest', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Pectus Excavatum\n\nAlso called funnel chest' is the most common chest wall deformity.\nMales are affected more than females (4:1).\nPectus excavatum arises from imbalanced or excessive growth of the lower costal cartilages.\nTypically the defect is diagnosed within the first yr of life and worsens over time.\nDepression may range from mildly depressed sternum to sternal depression abutting' the vertebral column with displacements of mediastinal structures.\nOther conditions associated with Pectus Excavatum:\nScoliosis\nMarfan's syndrome\nMitral valve prolapse\nCongenital heart diseases\nAsthma\nMajority of patients are asymptomatic. Some subjects report a decrease in respiratory reserve and pain along the coastal cartilages with exercise.\nPulmonary function testing may show a restrictive pattern of pulmonary abnormality.\nCVS dysfunction is very rare and mild if ever seen.\nThe main indication for t/t is cosmetic.\nThe surgical correction of a pectus excavatum is not done before the age of 5 years because a severe, postoperative restrictive chest wall deformity may result.\n\nAlso, Remember\n\nPectus carinatum (also k/a pigeon chest) is a chest defect characterized by an anterior protrusion deformity of the sternum & costal cartilages.", 'role': 'assistant'}]