This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery
[{'content': 'Which is not an indication of thoracotomy - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Massive pneumothorax, B. Pulmonary contusion, C. Bleeding more than 200m1/hr. in thoracotomy tube, D. Oesophageal rupture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Indications of thoracotomy after chest trauma \n\nCardiac arrest (resuscitative thoracotomy)\nMassive hemothorax (drainage of more than 1500 ml of blood when a chest tube is first inserted or continuous haemorrhage of more than 200 ml/hr for more than 3 consecutive hours).\nBrisk bleeding (> 100 ml/15 min)\nPenetrating injuries of the anterior chest with cardiac tamponade.\nLarge open wounds of the thoracic cage.\nRupture of the bronchus, aorta, esophagus or diaphragm.\n\nA non-emergent indication of thoracotomy \n\nEmpyema not resolved with tube thoracostomy\nClotted hemothorax\nLung abcess\nThoracic duct injuries\nTracheoesophageal fistulas\nChronic sequelae of vascular injuries (pseudo aneurysms & AV fistulas)\n\n\nSuch an exhaustive list is prepared by mixing all the three books. (Shwartz, Sabiston, Bailey)', 'role': 'assistant'}]