This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT
[{'content': 'Reflux laryngitis produces -a) Sub- glottic stenosis b) Ca larynxc) Cord fixationd) Acute supra- glottitise) Laryngitis \nSelect and explain. \nA. abe, B. bcd, C. cde, D. acd', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: There are lots of controversies regarding the reflux laryngitis secondary to reflux gastrointestinal disease. But now some studies document that there is a clear relation between the two.\nReflux laryngitis may have the following sequlae:\n\n– Bronchospasm\n– Chemical pneumonitis\n– Refractory subglottic stenosis \n– Refractory contact ulcer\n– Peptic laryngeal granuloma\n– Acid laryngitis (Heart burn, burning pharyngeal discomfort, nocturnal chocking due to interarytenoid pachydermia)\n– Laryngeal Carcinoma (According to recent reports laryngeal reflux is the cause of laryngeal carcinoma in patients who are life time non-smokers).\nLaryngopharyngeal Reflux\nHere classical GERD symptoms are absent. Patients have more of daytime/upright reflux without the nocturnal/supine reflux of GERD. In laryngopharyngeal reflux esophageal motility and lower esophageal sphincter is normal, while upper esophageal sphincter is abnormal. The traditional diagnostic tests for GERD are not useful in LPR.\nSymptom Chronic or Intermittent dysphonia, vocal strain, foreign body sensation, excessive throat mucus, Postnasal discharge and cough. Laryngeal findings: Interarytenoid bunching, Posterior laryngitis and subglottic edema (Pseudosulcus)\nSequelae of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux \n\nSubglottic stenosis\nCarcinoma larynx\nContact ulcer/granuloma\nCricoarytenoid joint fixity\nVocal nodule/polyp\nSudden infant deaths\nLaryngomalacia (Association)\n\nTreatment is in similar lines as GERD, but we need to give proton pump inhibitors at a higher dose and for a longer duration (at least 6–8 months).', 'role': 'assistant'}]