This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Most sensitive cell to hypoxic injury are \nSelect and explain. \nA. Neurons, B. Myocardial cells, C. Skeletal muscles, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: This explanation comprises of most likely questions to be asked on cell injury\nCELL INJURY\n\nHypoxia is the most common cause of cell injury.\nNeurons are the most sensitive cell to hypoxic injury in the brain.\nCoagulative necrosis is associated with "tombstone appearance". It is seen with ischemic injury to all tissues, except central nervous system.\nBest example of coexistence of hypertrophy and hyperplasia is uterus during pregnancy (gravid uterus).\nMost common metaplasia is squamous metaplasia in the lungs of smokers.\nCD 95 plays a role in apoptosis.\nMitochondria plays a pivotal role on apoptosis.\nMarker for apoptosis (programmed cell death) is annexin V.\nMost important stimulatory gene for apoptosis is p53 gene and most important inhibitory gene for apoptosis is bel family (bcl-2) of genes.\nKey words associated with apoptosis: caspases, cytochrome C and embryogenesis.\n\'Chromatin condensation’ is the hallmark feature of apoptosis.\n"Step ladder pattern" on gel electrophoresis is a feature of apoptosis. Stepladder fever is seen in typhoid/enteric fever.\nLipofuscin is also known by several other names like \'lipochrome’, \'wear and tear\' pigment, pigment of aging and "indicator of free radical injury". It gets deposited mostly in heart and liver.\nThe endogenous brown-black pigments include melanin (present in skin) and homogentisic acid (the black pigment in patients with alkaptonuria).\nDystrophic calcification: normal serum calcium levels and in dead tissues (areas of necrosis).\nMetastatic calcification: increased serum calcium levels and in living tissues.\n“Lungs" are the commonest site for metastatic calcification. Other sites include stomach, pulmonary vein, systemic artery and kidneys.\nPsammoma bodies: meningioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, prolactinoma, glucagonoma and serous cystadenoma of the ovary.\nOncocytes are formed with modified mitochondria.\nGerm cells have the capacity for self renewal because of telomerase activation.\nCancer cells have the phenomenon of \'telomerase reactivation\'.\nGerm cells have the maximum telomerase activity amongst all the cells of the body\nCell cannibalization required for self survival is called autophagy.\nGandy Gamma body is seen in congestive splenomegaly. It contains hemosiderin and calcium.\nNecroptosis is a caspase independent process which resembles necrosis morphologically and apoptosis mechanistically as a form of programmed cell death.\nPyroptosis is a programmed cell death is accompanied by the release of fever inducing cytokine IL-1. It also involves caspases 1 and 11.\nCommonest fixative used for light microscopic examination: 10% buffered neutral formalin.\nCommonest fixative used for electron microscopic examination: glutaraldehyde.', 'role': 'assistant'}]