This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology
[{'content': 'Nuclear and cytoplasmic changes in the apoptotic cells are due to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Oxygen free radicals, B. Caspases, C. Complement fixation, D. ATP ases', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Activation and Function of Caspases\n• The mitochondrial and death receptor pathway leads to the activation of the initiator caspases,\xa0caspase 9 and - 8, respectively. Active forms of these enzymes are produced and this cleave and thereby\xa0activate another series of caspases that are called the executioner caspases.\nThese activated caspases\xa0cleave numerous targets culminating in activation of nucleases that degrade DNA and nucleoproteins.\xa0Caspases also degrade components of nuclear matrix and cytoskeleton, leading to fragmentation of cells.', 'role': 'assistant'}]