This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics
[{'content': 'Baby born at 30 weeks for 18-year-old prior gravida of weight 2 kg which died after 48 hours. Apgar scores were 5 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes. On autopsy bilateral enlarged kidney with multiple radially arranged cysts. Which of the following finding is expected to be associated with? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Imperforate anus, B. Hepatic cyst and fibrosis, C. Absence of ureter, D. Holoprosencephaly', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The clinical findings suggest autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.\nThe diagnosis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is strongly suggested by bilateral palpable flank masses in an infant with pulmonary hypoplasia, oligohydramnios and hypertension and the absence of renal cysts in the parents.\nOn imaging and biopsy the kidney shows innumerable cysts radiating from medulla to the cortex.\nAutosomal recessive kidney disease is associated with liver disease in about 45% cases.\nBoth kidneys are markedly enlarged and grossly show innumerable cysts throughout the cortex and medulla.\nMicroscopic studies demonstrate micro cysts radiating from medulla to the cortex located primarily within the collecting tubules and the ducts.\nDevelopment of progressive interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy during advanced stages of disease eventually leads to renal failure.\nLiver involvement is characterized by bile duct proliferation and ectasia as well as by hepatic fibrosis', 'role': 'assistant'}]