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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | e7f023ea-2147-47d3-9f2a-61fb60a900be | [{'content': 'Which of these drugs is an antidote for fibrinolytic therapy? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Epsilon aminocaproic acid, B. Protamine, C. Heparin, D. Streptokinase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Epsilon aminocaproic acidEpsilon aminocaproic acid is an antidote for fibrinolytic therapy. Epsilon-aminocaproic qcid is a synthetic inhibitor of theplasmin-plasminogen system. It is the only potent antifibrinolylic agent, which is commercially available."Aminocaproic acid is a lysine analog that competes for lysine binding sites on plasminogen and plasmin, blocking theinteraction of plasmin with fibrin.Fibrinolytic overdose - Epsilon Amino Caproic Acid (EACA)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 8c2a3258-e79f-4872-9de3-a0abc701f711 | [{'content': 'Which facial bone is most prone to fracture? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandible, B. Nasal, C. Zygoma, D. Frontal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 17d49a43-a8cf-43c9-9c9e-70a42e741af1 | [{'content': 'To check objective pain response, which is best used method \nSelect and explain. \nA. Facial pain scale, B. Knee jerk reflex, C. H - Reflex, D. R III Reflex', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b63d8163-5256-417b-8736-bc123eea66b1 | [{'content': 'A one year old child, who is earlier normal, is suffering from copious nasal discharge, coarse facial features, large tongue, bulging head and flattened nose. He is also having enlarged spleen and liver. What may be the cause? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypothyroidism, B. Beckwith widman syndrome, C. Proteus syndrome, D. Hurler syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | efa0e92a-b11b-4c1c-a97d-8b4409430caa | [{'content': 'The resolution of IOPA is about: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 10 Lp/mm, B. 16 Lp/mm, C. 28 Lp/mm, D. 30 Lp/mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The resolution of IOPA is 16 lines pair/millimeter.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | d7a840fd-00b4-4980-a01a-4de04a73d18f | [{'content': 'A patient diagnosed with carcinoma of lung presented with a serum calcium level of 16.4 mmol/L. What will be the first step in management? \nSelect and explain. \nA. IV fluids and furosemide, B. Immediate hemodialysis, C. Bisphosphonates, D. Chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. IV fluids and furosemide(Ref Harrison 19/e p314; 18/e p361)Hypercalcemia - Initial therapy:Begins with volume expansion to prevent dehydration.4-6 L of intravenous saline required over 1st 24 hr.Use of loop diuretics:Enhances sodium & calcium excretion.Treats underlying co-morbidities (e.g., congestive hea failure).Used only when volume is stable & normal.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 099ab3bb-253b-41e1-8250-c41d92781148 | [{'content': 'The following test may be abnormal in disseminated intravascular coagulation except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prothrombin, B. Activated partial thromboplastin time, C. D-timer levels, D. Clot solubility.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Laboratory findings in case of DIC are:\n\nThe platelet count is low.\nBlood film shows the features of microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia. There is presence of schistocytes and fragmented red cells (helmet shaped) due to damage caused by trapping and passage through the fibrin thrombi.\nProthrombin time, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, are all prolonged.\nPlasma fibrinogen levels are reduced due to consumption in microvascular coagulation.\nFibrin degradation products (FDPs) are raised due to secondary fibrinolysis.\nD-dimer levels are raised in DIC.\n\nClot observation test (Weiner)—It is an useful bed side test. It can be repeated at 2–4 hours intervals. 5 ml of venous blood is placed in a 15 ml dry test tube and kept at 37°C. Usually, blood clot forms within 6-12 minutes. This test provides a rough idea of blood fibrinogen level. If the clotting time is less than 6 minutes, fibrinogen level is more than 150 mg percent. If no clot forms within 30 minutes, the fibrinogen level is probably less than 100 mg percent.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | ba705377-5543-4350-8483-bf984e4ccf15 | [{'content': 'In Xerostomia the salivary pH is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Unaffected, B. Low, C. High, D. increased in morning & decreases in day', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 18796d06-7762-4185-b0ca-c1b527502073 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not true about stamp cusp? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maintain vertical height of face, B. Facial incline might contact in MI, C. Sharp cusps and prominent ridges are present, D. Not recalled', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 29e07bd0-f864-4738-bdbc-491f1205287f | [{'content': 'Sugar restricted to diet was beneficial in presence of unfavorable hygiene was from which study? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hopewood, B. Experimental, C. Vipeholm, D. Turku', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: HOPEWOOD HOUSE STUDY\xa0\n(Sullivan and Harris- 1958, Harris- 1963 )\xa0\nThe dental status Of children between 7 to 14\xa0years of age residing at Hopewood House,\xa0Bowral New South Wales, was studied\xa0longitudinally for 10 years. Almost all these\xa0children had lived from early infancy at\xa0Hopewood House.\xa0\nAll lived on a strictly natural diet, that, with the\xa0exception of on occasional serving of egg\xa0yolk, was entirely vegetable in nature and\xa0largely raw. The absence of meat and\xa0restriction of refined carbohydrate were the\xa0principal features of the Hopewood\xa0House diet.\xa0\nThe meals were supplemented by vitamin\xa0concentrates and an occasional serving of\xa0nuts and a sweetening agent such as honey.\xa0The fluoride content of water and food was\xa0insignificant and no tea was consumed.\xa0\nTURKU SUGAR STUDY\xa0\n(Scheinin and Makinen in 975)\xa0\nThe study was carried outin Turku, Finland.\xa0\nAim Of the study\xa0\nTo\xa0compare\xa0the cariogenicity of sucrose, fructose and Xylitol.\xa0\nBasis of the study\xa0\nXylitoI is a sweet substance not\xa0metabolized by plaque micro organisms.\nKey Concept:\nIn Hopewood house study : the children's oral hygiene was poor, calculus is uncommon,\xa0 but\xa0 gingivitis\xa0 was\xa0 prevalent\xa0 in 75%\xa0 of\xa0 children. This work\xa0 showed\xa0 that,\xa0 in institutionalized\xa0 children\xa0 at\xa0 least,\xa0 dental caries\xa0 can\xa0 be\xa0 reduced\xa0 by\xa0 a\xa0 spartan\xa0 diet, without the beneficial effects of fluoride\xa0 and in the presence of unfavorable oral hygiene.\nRef: Soben Peter , 4th ed page no 96", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8798d2af-fc67-4463-9098-f105b3f4b458 | [{'content': 'Alginate at 20 degrees, the gel is formed in \nSelect and explain. \nA. 3-4 mins., B. 6-8 mins., C. 15-16 mins., D. 1-2 min.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | cc0d09f8-564d-4fe5-8b22-4b7d3e4ed586 | [{'content': 'Most common tumor of lacrimal gland: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture, B. Scaphoid fracture, C. Distal radius fracture, D. Hamate fracture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. d. Hamate fractureMost common tumor of lacrimal gland is Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (37%)> Pleomorphic adenoma (25%). Most commonmalignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland is adenoid cystic carcinoma.Lacrimal Gland TumorMC tumor of lacrimal glandNon-Hodgkin's lymphomadegMC epithelial tumor of lacrimal glandPleomorphic adenomadegMC malignant epithelial tumor of lacrimal glandAdenoid cystic carcinomadeg", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 57d48689-dcbd-4e81-9ea9-d56b7f7eed2d | [{'content': 'Percentage of carbon in carbon steel hand instruments is \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1-1.2%, B. 10-12%, C. 0.6 to 0.8%, D. 6 to 8%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: MATERIALS USED FOR MANUFACTURING\xa0CUTTING INSTRUMENTS\xa0\nCarbon Steel\n\nCarbon steel alloy contains 0.5 to 1.5 percent carbon in\xa0iron.\nInstruments made from carbon steel are known for their\xa0hardness and sharpness.\nDisadvantages with these instruments are their susceptibility\xa0to corrosion and fracture. They are of two types:\n\n1. Soft steel: It contains <0.5% carbon\n2. Hard steel: It contains 0.5 to 1.5% carbon\nNisha Garg, Amit Garg. Textbook of Operative Dentistry.\xa0 Edition 3. Page: 80', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | aadafd4c-cb37-460b-8e6f-28f42d01dd60 | [{'content': "Topical administration of I% Pilocarpine failed to produce pupillary constriction in a patient who had a large, dilated pupil What should be the most probable reason? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Adie's tonic pupil, B. Diabetic III nerve palsy, C. Pharmacological blockade, D. Uncal herniation", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. c. Pharmacological blockade (Ref-YANNOFF 3/E PG,1052-1055)Pilocarpine I% is a sufficient miotic dose for any eye, but a sphincter with all its cholinergic receptor blockade by atropine or tropicamide (i.e. eye with pharmacological blockade) does not constrict with pilocarpine 1%.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4a3f261b-cfd0-40f2-bac2-1337f2937591 | [{'content': 'Pregnancy gingivitis is caused by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bacteriodes melaninogenicus, B. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, C. Streptococcus sanguis, D. Fusobacterium', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 0d96ee7c-7133-4d5a-becf-f9ad47582e54 | [{'content': 'Artery palpable at the anterior border of the masseter is : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Superficial temporal artery, B. Facial artery, C. Lingual artery, D. Maxillary artery', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Facial artery enters the face by winding around the base of the mandible, and by piercing the deep cervical fascia, at the anteroinferior angle of the masseter muscle. It can be palpated here and is called ‘anaesthetist’s artery’.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | c87fcef2-1b7d-44e2-85c0-618b956f675e | [{'content': 'In DIC following are seen except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fibrinogen decreased, B. Thrombocytopenia, C. Normal APTT, D. PT elevation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | e881fcb0-a4f2-45ed-97cf-c53045f98e30 | [{'content': 'Absorption of which of the following drugs is increased after a fatty meal? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Amphotericin B, B. Griseofulvin, C. Ampicillin, D. Aspirin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Griseofulvin (Ref: Goodman Gilman I2/e p1585; Katzung 13/e p632, 12/e p855,. KUT 7/e p790, 6/e p760)The oral administration of a 0.5 g dose of griseofulvin produces peak plasma concentrations of 1ug/mL in 4 hours.Improved drug absorption along with a fatty meal.Drug Absorption Reduced/Delayed by FoodDrug Absorption increased by foodAmpicillindegAspirindegAtenololdegAzithromycindegCaptoprildegCefaclorCephalexinCiprofloxacinDidanosineIndinavirdegIsoniazidaLoratidineNaficillinPenicillin G or VdegPhenobarbitaldegPhenytoindegRifampindegSucralfatedegTetracyclinedegDoxycyclinedegAtovaquonedegCarbamazepinedegChlohiazidedegCefuroximedegClofaziminedegDiazepamdegErythromycin GanciclovirdegHydrochlorothiazidedegItraconazoleaLithiumdegLovastatinMethylphenidateMetoprololdegNelfinavirNitrofurantoinPropranololdegPropoxypheneRitonavirdegSaquinavirdegSpironolactonedeg*Hydralazinedeg', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8254c1c7-9f97-4dae-96f6-d44661ff36cf | [{'content': 'What is the basis of behavior shaping: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Stimulus response theory, B. Social learning principle., C. Hierarchy of needs, D. None of the above.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5988b3d1-c438-4d16-a887-979dac8bbd10 | [{'content': 'Shortest root of maxillary 1st molar \nSelect and explain. \nA. Distobuccal, B. Mesiobuccal, C. Palatal, D. All are equal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Distobuccal < Mesiobuccal <Palatal', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Microbiology | 818e92da-69f5-41d8-a15a-f22c851140fb | [{'content': 'Malaria relapse common with which type plasmodium species? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Plasmodium malariae and vivax, B. Plasmodium falciparum and vivax, C. Plasmodium vivax and ovale, D. Plasmodium ovale and malariae', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Relapse :- The resting forms are called hypnozoites. It is feature seen in P.vivax and P.ovale. From time to time, some are activated to become schizonts and release merozoites, which go on infecting RBCs producing clinical relapse. Recrudescence:- In Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae, initial tissue phase disappears completely, and no hypnozoites are found. However ,small numbers of erythrocytic parasites persist in the blood stream and in due course of time, they multiply to reach significant numbers resulting in clinical disease.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b12749bc-ed37-4f12-9d45-029e1a0916b0 | [{'content': 'Which of the following constituents is common in occlusal sealants, bonding agents, composite resins? \nSelect and explain. \nA. BIS GMA, B. Polymethyl methacrylate, C. Benzoin methyl ether, D. Silica filter', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | dd210467-68c5-4566-9cad-34e5ffa22bc9 | [{'content': 'Which primary tooth resemble premolar \nSelect and explain. \nA. Upper 1st molar, B. Lower 1st molar, C. Upper 2nd molar, D. Lower 2nd molar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: upper 1st molar resembles upper 1st premolar', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 0c240f5f-b2d4-4229-8a70-5c2bd42f2144 | [{'content': 'According to Transplantation of Human Organs Act, which of the following doctors is/are not authorized to declare brainstem death? \nSelect and explain. \nA. RMP incharge of the hospital, B. Treating physician, C. Neurosurgeon, D. Surgeon doing liver transplant', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Surgeon doing liver transplant(Ref: Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissue Rules)In the case of brain-stem death of the donor, a ceificate has been signed by all the members of the Board of medical expes; Where a neurologist or a neurosurgeon is not available, an anesthetist or intensivist nominated by the Registered Medical Practitioner and who is not member of the transplantation team for the recipient concerned, may ceify the brain stein death as a member of the Board.Because of vested interest, surgeon doing liver transplant cannot declare a person brain dead.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 6167ceda-f896-4511-a570-ae19f725e1e7 | [{'content': 'Which of the following types of lipase is controlled by glucagon? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lipoprotein lipase, B. Hormone-sensitive lipase, C. Gastric lipase, D. Pancreatic lipase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Hormone-sensitive lipase Ref: Harper 30/e p262)Hormone sensitive lipase is controlled by glucagon."Hormone-sensitive lipase is activated by ACTH, TSH, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin and inhibited by insulin, prostaglandin E1, and nicotinic acid.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | fa39f24e-b6bf-43e6-8c00-8b1b5caf8c90 | [{'content': 'In dentistry which sedatives are generally used: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Benzodiazepines, B. Morphine, C. NSAID, D. Pethidine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | dd09ae12-8526-4766-bb41-af82b17c706f | [{'content': 'In case of Fracture of mandible; alveolar border experiences which force \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tension, B. Compression, C. Torsion, D. Rotation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 27c3f1c6-a7e4-44fc-9e48-085254585c08 | [{'content': 'The hormone having the maximum effect on granulation wound healing is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thyroxine, B. Cortisone, C. Parathormone, D. Epinephrine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 539291d5-becc-4ccc-8862-9d9ff4fcc121 | [{'content': 'The clot formed is not stable unless extensive cross-linking occurs. This extensive cross-linking of blood clot is done by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Plasmin, B. Thrombin, C. HMWK, D. Factor XIII', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Factor XIIIConversion of fibrinogen into cross-linked fibrin:Thrombin directly conves soluble fibrinogen into fibrin monomers.Fibrin monomers polymerize into an insoluble clot & also amplifies coagulation process - By activating factor XI, factors V & VIII.Also stabilizes secondary hemostatic plug - By activating factor XIII.Factor XIII - Covalently cross-links fibrin.Ref: Robbing 9/e 11 9', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 631db9fb-f930-40f3-a867-273597e5c7f9 | [{'content': 'Pre-carve burnishing is useful for all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bring further excess mercury to surface, B. Increase surface hardness, C. Decrease number and size of voids, D. Marginal adaptation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Objectives of Precarve Burnishing\n\nImproves the marginal integrity of restoration.\nShapes the restoration according to contours and curvatures of the tooth.\nHelps in reducing the mercuric content of amalgam.\n\nNisha Garg, Amit Garg. Textbook of Operative Dentistry.\xa0 Edition 3. Page: 341', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 4932022f-bc9d-4d90-a610-f6c87cd0008d | [{'content': 'A neonate is being investigated for jaundice. A liver biopsy shows features of a "Giant Cell/Neonatal hepatitis". Which one of the following conditions usually results in this case – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Congenital hepatic fibrosis, B. Hemochromatosis, C. Alpha–1–antitrypsin deficiency, D. Glycogen storage disease Type 1', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Other conditions which also presents with similar clinical and histological features (i.e., with giant cells)\na)\xa0\xa0 ai antitrypsin deficiency \nb) Alagille syndrome\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 \nc) Niemann - Pick type C disease (NPC).\nd)\xa0\xa0 Viral infections\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 \ne) Byler disease\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 \nf) Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 3ea8bac5-2e0f-4f6f-8f5e-c9c1ef405a76 | [{'content': 'Ammonia from brain is removed as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Urea, B. Alanine, C. Glutamate, D. Glutamine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Glutamine(Ref. Harper 30/e p292).Ammonia from brain is removed as glutamine.Ammonia disposal:Ammonia from all over body reaches liver, detoxified to urea by liver cells & excreted through kidney.Ammonia formed in most tissues including brain is trapped by glutamate to form glutamine (primary ammonia trapping).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | da27e783-4c0b-4621-bc3d-938a109d8425 | [{'content': 'Use of lithium during pregnancy increases the risk of development of which of the following malformations in the baby? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Facial defects, B. Cardiac defects, C. Neural tube defects, D. Urogenital defects', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Lithium causes Ebstein's anomaly (malformation in tricuspid valve of hea) if given in pregnancy. Other side effects of lithium includes: Leucocytosis I Tremors (most common adverse effect) Hypothyroidism Increase Urine (polyuria) Mothers (avoided in pregnancy).", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Surgery | ed111e74-8d76-4f2f-ac59-56e7ddc2be88 | [{'content': 'Most common presentation of abdominal desmoids tumor is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Abdominal pain, B. Abdominal mass, C. Fever, D. Urinary retention', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Desmoid tumors: "Clinically, the most common areas of origin include the extremity, intraperitoneal, abdominal wall, and chest wall. Affected patients may present with a painful versus asymptomatic firm mass, bowel obstruction, or bowel ischemia." -Sabiston 20/e p765 "Patients with a desmoid tumor present with an asymptomatic mass or with symptoms related to mass effect from the tumor." -Sabiston 20/e p1073', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | 671eebea-f741-4ed8-bf68-36e36c8de1eb | [{'content': 'Noise induced hearing toss inosto affects: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Inner hair cell, B. Outer hair cell, C. Macula, D. Cupula', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. Outer hair cell Noise induced hearing loss mostly affects outer hair cell."Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) causes damage to hair cells, staing in the basal turn of cochlea. Outer hair cells are affected before the inner hair cells.""Noise-induced hearing loss damages hair cells, which begin at the basal turn of cochlea. Outer hair cells are affected earlier than the inner hair cells."', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 7e567a6e-46f6-4f48-bd14-21e53726f1ff | [{'content': 'Replacing amino acid will not change its functions \nSelect and explain. \nA. Glutamine to Asparagine, B. Aspaate and Glutamate, C. Alanine to tryptophan, D. None of these', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Glutamine to Asparagine* Glutamine and Asparagine are Amide group containing amino acids.* These belongs to same category (hydrophilic /Homophilic) so no alteration in function', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | f213cf1e-b5d6-4a25-8027-f1e39514ff20 | [{'content': 'A 75 year old chronic smoker who is diabetic and edentulous for the last 30 years has a bilateral body fracture, best treatment modality is \nSelect and explain. \nA. ORIF with reconstruction plate, B. Gunning splints, C. Two mini plates, D. Wire osteosynthesis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Non surgical management is the best approach in patients who are at increased risk of non/delayed healing. Medical history of the patient indicates risk factors which can interfere with recovery so Gunning splint is the best approach.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 59f75254-2953-45a6-9c9a-61dd9a4dc537 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is used as, surface hardener in Impression material? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2% potassium sulfate, B. 0.2% potassium sulfate, C. 2% sodium sulfate, D. 4% potassium sulfate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8dd6630c-194f-4a21-a6a3-1a41f97dcd66 | [{'content': 'A 59-year-old female presents with gingival condition punched out crater-like depression covered with membrane which can be pulled off painlessly? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Diphtheritic lesion, B. Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis, C. ANUG, D. Syphilitic lesion', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 58d24187-ca26-4e5b-a3d9-c57ce0ff543b | [{'content': 'Visual cortex is present in the: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Occipital lobe, B. Temporal lobe, C. Frontal lobe, D. Parietal lobe', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: The lateral geniculate body receives retinal fibres of both the eyes (from temporal half of the retina of the same side and nasal half of the retina of the opposite side) through optic tract and gives rise to fibres of the optic radiation which convey visual impulses to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe.\nPrimary visual area is situated mainly on the medial surface of the occipital lobe in the walls and floor of the posterior part of the calcarine sulcus (postcalcarine\xa0 sulcus) and extends around the occipital pole onto the lateral surface of the occipital lobe as far as the lunate sulcus.\nReference: TEXTBOOK OF ANATOMY HEAD, NECK AND Brain, Volume III, second edition page no\xa0 384, 393', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 723bd8c7-6da8-4897-8a1b-dd87891f24a7 | [{'content': 'Bartholins duct is the name of : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Parotid duct, B. Submandibular gland, C. Sublingual duct, D. Lacrimal duct', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Microbiology | 35fb00cb-9acc-4177-8873-c3915a142c99 | [{'content': 'Which of the following exists as yeast at 37deg and hyphae at 25deg? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Histoplasma capsulatum, B. Sporothrix globosa, C. Candida albicans, D. Cryptococcus neoformans', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Dimorphic fungi: They exist as molds (hyphal form) in the environment at ambient temperature (25deg C) and as yeasts in human tissues at body temperature (37deg C). Some medically impoant dimorphic fungi are: Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Penicillium marneffei Sporothrix schenckii', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 14e05154-05a2-4472-a63e-261d765893ae | [{'content': 'Pulsatile varicose veins in lower limbs is seen in – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Klippel trenaunay syndrome, B. TR, C. RV failure, D. Carcinoid stenosis of tricuspid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Klippel - Trenaunay syndrome (KT syndrome)\xa0\n\nThe triad of KT syndrome is:-\n\n\nCutaneous vascular malformation —> Most commonly capillary malformation.\nBony capillary malformation and soft tissue hypertrophy.\nVenous abnormalities —> Deep venous system may be absent or hypoplastic.\n\n\nThe anomaly present at birth and usually involves lower limb.\nWhen there is associated Arterio - venous malformation, it is known as Klippel - Trenaunay - Weber syndrome.\nThick walled venous varicocities typically become apparent ipsilateral to the vascular malformation —> May be pulsatile because ofAV malformation.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 70097b1a-1f7a-4c04-ba9e-2f1489f0fb11 | [{'content': 'The number of dental caries cases reported during last 10 years are given below 250, 320, 190, 300, 5000, 100, 260, 350, 320 and 160. The epidemiologist wants to find out average number of caries cases reported in that town for last 10 yrs. The most appropriate average per this data will be \nSelect and explain. \nA. Arithmetic mean, B. Mode, C. Median, D. Geometric mean', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | a5d204a1-2ae9-428a-bf12-1419fa344668 | [{'content': 'The most common bone cancer is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Osteosarcoma, B. Metastatic bone cancer, C. Multiple myelonia, D. Squamous cell carcinoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | b5a8425a-1ddf-41e1-9ffa-c2088ce2897e | [{'content': 'Which is the ligand for receptors present in liver for uptake of LDL? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Apo B-100, B. Apo B-48, C. Apo E and Apo B-100, D. Apo A-I', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b9546516-2a4a-4179-a956-60d0387bf11f | [{'content': 'Amyloid protein in Hemodialysis associated with amyloidosis is- \nSelect and explain. \nA. AA, B. A b, C. b- 2 microglobulin, D. Transthyretin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer-C. b- 2 microglobulinHemodialysis-associated amyloidosis-Associated disease is Chronic renal failureMajor fibril protein is A', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 76ba3417-012e-4bf8-840c-13bb7bc60dcc | [{'content': 'Teeth that erupt in 30 days of birth \nSelect and explain. \nA. Neonatal teeth, B. Natal teeth, C. Premature teeth, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | f6829756-2e11-47cb-85a8-3ba40ecb3332 | [{'content': 'Arrange the following in the sequence of closure : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Umbilical Aery, B. Umbilical Vein, C. Ductus venosus and Foramen ovale, D. All', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. All', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 2dd59aba-38c0-4aff-a000-1bcb640254ff | [{'content': 'Drug adveisement letter is a necessary component of each drug formulation and contains various information about the drug like drug dosing, frequency and half-life. Which of the following information need not be given in the drug adveisement letter? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Research papers and other aicles proving efficacy of the drug, B. Date of expiry of the drug, C. Rare, but serious life threatening adverse-effects, D. Common, not so serious adverse-effects', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Date of expiry of the drug(Ref Goodman Gilman 12/e p1883; Manual of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology/p 345).Date of drug expiry need not to be given in drug adveisement letter.Regulated according to The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.Amended (Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997).Permits use of print & television adveising for prescription drugs.Drug adveisements:Contain summary information relating to side effects, contraindications & effectiveness.Current adveising regulations:Specify that this information disclosure needs to include all risk information in a product's approved labeling or must direct consumers to healthcare professionals to obtain this information.Print adveisements:Include reprinting of risk-related sections of product's approved labeling (package inse).Television adveising:Not includes reprinting of risk-related.Note:Adveisements cannot be false or misleading or omit material facts.Must present fair balance between effectiveness & risk information.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 9603526f-8c7d-4618-963d-be8a05c28a94 | [{'content': 'In a patient with fresh blow out fracture of the orbit, best immediate management is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Wait & watch, B. Antral pack, C. Titanium Mesh, D. Glass bead mesh', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 58ffad4a-5613-4d26-88b2-a4bb2ce2b9e6 | [{'content': 'Which of the following drugs can be stopped abruptly without any withdrawal symptoms? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Esctilaopram, B. Fluoxetine, C. Fluvoxamine, D. Seraline', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. FluoxetineFluoxetine has the lowest incidence of discontinuation syndrome among several antidepressants including paroxetin and venlafaxine. The longer half life of fluoxetine will avoid any withdrawal symptoms because this medication effectively tapers itself from the patient's system over a few days.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | 845fbff7-6332-49ce-8ecb-d62616e2ae9a | [{'content': 'Keyhole-shaped visual field defect is seen in lesion involving which of the following regions? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Optic disk, B. Optic chiasma, C. Lateral geniculate body, D. Occipital lobe', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Lateral geniculate body(Ref Walsh and Hoyt; Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology 6/e p122)Key-hole shaped visual field defects are typically seen in the lesions involving lateral geniculate body but keyhole shaped defect (not visual field defect) is seen in the coloboma of Iris.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f4e1dbce-eb9d-441c-9e1a-6f81ae207faf | [{'content': 'The soft tissue tooth interface that forms after flap surgery in a previously denuded area is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Long junctional epithelium, B. Collagen adhesion, C. Scar tissue attachment, D. Connective tissue attachment', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ec25740a-5cbb-4b80-9d07-332c2734f5a7 | [{'content': 'The test done for a statistically significant change in cholesterol values in a group of patients following an interventional programme is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chi square test, B. Paired "t" test, C. Unpaired "t" test, D. Fisher test', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Microbiology | 87311a9e-97ac-43de-8964-55eb7ced00a9 | [{'content': 'Mw vaccine is prepared from: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mycobacterium bovis, B. Mycobacterium indicus pranii, C. Mycobacterium welchii, D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Mw vaccine is a killed leprosy vaccine developed in India in 2018 using Mycobacterium indicus pranii.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d282f15c-2838-42fd-8841-a94bd92981d9 | [{'content': 'Guiding planes are: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Located adjacent to the edentulous area, B. Located far anterior to the edentulous area, C. Helps in the stability of the denture, D. Provides a different path of insertion and removal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9823097b-b309-4de3-9a14-d93ff757fd5f | [{'content': 'Reflex which never disappear: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Walking and stepping reflex, B. Limb placement reflex, C. Parachute reflex, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 3e4d2174-1e88-4652-9aed-78e71215ffe8 | [{'content': 'Vitamin D toxicity is treated with \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chloroquine, B. Hydroxycholoquine, C. Dexamethasone, D. Ketoconazole', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. C. Dexamethasone* Dexamethasone is used in the treatment of hypercalcemia due to vitamin D toxicity. Glucocoicoid (Dexamethasone, prednisolone etc) therapy will decrease plasma calcium levels by blocking the action of vitamin D(1,25 D) which results in reduced intestinal calcium absorption and increased urinary excretion of calcium. * Other drugs like chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are less effective in treating hypercalcemia due to vitamin D toxicity.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Surgery | e28c04ac-2003-4fa1-8b5c-7f36776cfa8a | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not the component of qSOFA? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Respiratory rate >22/min, B. Systolic BP<100 mmHg, C. Altered mental status, D. Unequally dilated pupils', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: qSOFA: Quick - SOFA Sequential 0rgan Failure Assessment Score. QRS - MS Score*Mn: Q- Quick SofaR- RR > 22/min - 1S- SBP < 100 mmHg -1MS= Altered Mental Status. - 1 Score Moality0 - < 1%1 - 2-3%2 - > 10%', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 45f40e28-6c0a-4685-a936-8b993f3d8220 | [{'content': 'How much hone can be stretched at a time before it fractures: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1%, B. 2%, C. 6%, D. 8%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 8ba2ca7c-9ae4-4771-9e9c-0e44250ca6b5 | [{'content': 'Tonsils developed from: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ventral part of 3rd pouch., B. Ventral part of 2nd pouch., C. Dorsal part of 2nd pouch., D. Ventral part of 3rd pouch.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8105a0cd-88aa-4c17-9535-7a864b445264 | [{'content': 'Gutta Percha can effectively be sterilized by? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hot salt sterilizer, B. Chemical solutions, C. Autoclaving, D. Dry heat', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 2639d0ba-ef15-4ba4-92fe-ee27b5758fbf | [{'content': 'Which of these conditions does not require SABE prophylaxis \nSelect and explain. \nA. MR, B. ASD, C. MS, D. CABG', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | d3349274-203b-4673-989c-ec86e66bcbab | [{'content': 'Motor supply of infrahyoid muscle is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Branches of cervical plexus, B. Vagus nerve, C. Glossopharyngeal nerve, D. Mandibular nerve', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 58d38c9d-0440-4077-a581-e86b63ec4ecd | [{'content': 'This direction of force can cause: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Reduce overbite, B. Worsen open bite, C. Both, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: A labially directed force against a maxillary incisor (from a removable or fixed appliance) will tip the tooth and cause an apparent intrusion of the crown, which reduces the overbite (or makes anterior open bite worse).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 82f0f5d7-996b-49cc-8c8c-b9ff7cb35ecc | [{'content': 'Cystinuria is characterised by – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Generalised aminoaciduria, B. Systemic acidosis, C. Deposition of cystine crystals in Renal tubular cells, D. Recurrent urinary caliculi', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Cystinuria\n\nIt is an autosomal recessive disorder.\nThe disease is caused by a defective high affinity transporter for L-cystine and diabasic amioacids present in the proximal tubules.\nIt is characterize by recurrent kidney stone formation.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 19567e6c-e0f7-4201-816d-23b58786f586 | [{'content': 'Patient with PPF transfusion complaint of breathing difficulty, tachycardic, tachypnia, Had Batwing sign present in X-ray. What will be the possible reason? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Transfusion related lung injury, B. Due to overload of PPF, C. Acute renal tubular acidosis, D. Hemoglobinuria', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. Due to overload of PPFTransfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO) is an established, but grossly under diagnosed and underrepoed complication of blood transfusion.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 97028381-fe2a-4c81-9f67-b3125061d7ae | [{'content': 'Which of these is not a theory of TMJ ankylosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Calcification in the soft tissues around the joint space, B. Synovial fluid attracting calcium ions, C. Lateral displacement of fracture condyle with fusion with zygomatic bone, D. Condylar burst', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 006fea5f-8d1c-489b-9ea6-1028a64484ab | [{'content': 'Fingerprinting (FINDER) involves recording prints of 8 fingers. Which finger pair is excluded? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ring finger, B. Thumb, C. Little finger, D. Middle finger', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Little finger(Ref: Reddy 34Ie p84, 33Ie p87; Parikh 6Ie p2.15).Fingerprint reader (FINDER):Computerized automatic fingerprint reading system which can record each fingerprint data in half second. Prints of eight fingers are recorded excluding little fingers.The light reflected from a fingerprint can be measured and conveed to digital data which is classified, codified and stored in the computer.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e8f48ed7-e417-422a-acde-9f7cb2c25416 | [{'content': 'Impression compound is characterized by all the following except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Warps at room temperature, B. Is a thermoset material, C. Shows increased flow when kneaded with water, D. Low coefficient of thermal conductivity', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Impression compound is not a thermoset material.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 3592f545-8b31-4f41-9ccc-89eb67bc818a | [{'content': 'In Galactorrhoea--amenorrhea syndromes, which is the investigation you should advise (apa from serum prolactin)? \nSelect and explain. \nA. TSH, B. LH, C. hCG, D. Urinary ketosteroids', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. TSH(Ref Harrison I9/e p2 p2267)Galactorrhea - amenorrhea syndromes:Serum prolactin &TSH advised.Laboratory diagnosis:Measure basal, fasting morning PRL levels - To assess hypersecretion.Normal PRL levels <20 ,ug/L.Markedly elevated PRL levels (>1000 ,ug/L) -Falsely lowered.Due to assay aifacts & aggregated circulating PRL forms.Sample dilution required for accurate measurement.Usually biologically inactive (macroprolactinemia).Measuring TSH and T4 levels - To exclude hypothyroidism.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | db9a6989-4a10-421f-9808-ca852c6f64e6 | [{'content': 'What is common in class I cavity preparation for amalgam and gold inlay? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Buccolingually divergent walls, B. Mesiodistally divergent walls, C. Maximum depth is needed in both cases to provide sufficient thickness, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 153cdf4a-8f6c-4478-8af5-2ef9d7a111b2 | [{'content': 'Periodontal surgery is best performed \nSelect and explain. \nA. 4 weeks after completion of the hygienic phase, B. 8 weeks after the completion of the restorative phase, C. 4 weeks before completion of occlusal adjustments, D. Immediately after the completion of the hygienic phase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 6920ce2b-f9c9-49aa-9e6e-c94aeb13e709 | [{'content': 'Endocrine glands that are not influenced by the pituitary gland include the: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thyroid gland, testes, and adrenal medulla, B. Adrenal medulla, parathyroids, and the islets of langerhans, C. Adrenal cortex, parathyroids and ovaries, D. Pancreas, adrenal medulla and thyroid gland', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8c968c9b-35b1-4394-959a-fe3c80e283e5 | [{'content': 'Rooting reflex also known as search reflex disappears: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2 month, B. 3 month, C. 4 month, D. 5 month', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Rooting reflex disappears in 3-4 months but if both are in option then go for 4 months.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | be168ef1-fee0-4f80-9c60-6259e78b56b9 | [{'content': 'Migratory motor complexes in the gut reappear after intervals of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 60 minutes, B. 90 minutes, C. 120 minutes, D. 150 minutes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. 90 minutes(Ref Ganong 25/e p496, 24/e p498)Migrating motor complexes in the gut reappear after intervals of 90 minutes.MMCs:Initiated by motilin.Circulating motilin increases at intervals of 100 min in interdigestive state.Coordinated with contractile phases of MMC.Contractions migrate aborally at a rate of about 5 cm/ min.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 8b3e9e1d-8571-49ef-a5ef-806c18ad079e | [{'content': 'IV ultrashort acting barbiturate: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Meprobamate, B. Pentobarbitone, C. Thiopentone, D. Phenobarbitone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 9c1caee2-628f-4a80-b55e-8480760cb634 | [{'content': 'The component that sensitizes bacteria and virus to UV irradiation \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lipids, B. Carbohydrates, C. Inorganic salts, D. Nucleic acids', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 58194611-8ffd-4405-83b2-f8e5798b095d | [{'content': 'All these are Included In active tissue engineering, except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Antigens fibroblasts, B. Bilayered cell therapy, C. Enamel matrix derivative, D. Acellular dermal matrix', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Microbiology | 1bb2cc45-79b6-45f8-add8-e6832e5090f0 | [{'content': 'For which of the following is PPV-23 is most beneficial: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cystic fibrosis patient, B. Sickle cell anemia patient, C. Patient with recurrent rhinitis and sinusitis, D. Child less than 2 years', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Repeated microinfarction can destroy tissues having micro vascular beds prone to sickling. Thus splenic function is frequently lost within 18-36 months of life causing susceptibility to infection paicularly by pneumococci. So ( PPV-23) polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine is beneficial in sickle cell anemia.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 5a49f825-bf30-48d5-a10d-5bf1a3f5dd1c | [{'content': 'Characteristic histopathological feature of basal cell car cinoma is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nuclear palisading, B. Keratin pearls, C. Psammoma bodies, D. Foam cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Surgery | 2674faba-e6d7-4790-b13e-97c597408919 | [{'content': 'Most common mediastinal tumor: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Neurogenic tumor, B. Thymoma, C. Lymphoma, D. Bronchogenic cyst', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: M/C Mediastinal tumor - Neurogenic tumor M/C anterior mediastinal tumor - Thymoma Mediastinal Tumors in Adults Tumor Type Percentage of Total Location Neurogenic tumors 21 Posterior Cysts 20 All Thymomas 19 Anterior Tumor Type Percentage of Total Location Lymphomas 13 Anterior/middle Germ cell tumors 11 Anterior Mesenchymal tumors 7 All Endocrine tumors 6 Anterior/middle Mediastinal Tumors in Children Tumor Type Percentage of Total Location Neurogenic tumors 400 Posterior Lymphomas 180 Anterior/middle Cysts 18 All Germ cell tumors 11 Anterior Mesenchymal tumors 9 All Thymomas Rare Anterior MEDIASTINAL MASSES (MM) MC anterior MM: Thymoma Q MC middle MM: Cyst (Pericardial cyst is MC) MC posterior MM: Neurogenic tumors MC MM (overall): Neurogenic tumors MM seen in all three compaments of mediastinum: Lymphoma, bronchogenic cyst & mesenchymal tumors IOC for diagnosis of MM (except neurogenic tumors): CT IOC for diagnosis of neurogenic tumors: MRI', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: ENT | da2078b0-6ce5-4ba3-82f2-7b145665be2b | [{'content': 'All are the branches of ECA that supply nasal septum except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anterior ethmoidal aery, B. Sphenopalatine aery, C. Facial aery, D. Superior labial aery', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Internal Carotid System 1. Anterior ethmoidal aery 2. Posterior ethmoidal aery Branches of ophthalmic aery External Carotid System Sphenopalatine Aery Branches of Internal maxillary Aery Greater palatine Aery Superior labial Aery Branch of Facial Aery', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | b771df48-ce3a-4e58-9dc8-54a42ee0e025 | [{'content': 'All of these are continuous variables except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Height in cms, B. Weight in kg, C. Blood groups A. B. ABO, D. Age in years and months', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Blood groups A. B. ABORef High Yield Statistics/p13).Blood groups (A, B, ABO) is a discrete variable.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b0851fb1-a52d-49f5-bfd3-ae48a58c060a | [{'content': 'Which of the following type of tongue thrusting has the worst prognosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Simple, B. Complex, C. Retained infantile swallow, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Tongue thrusting has been variously described as a deviate swallow, visceral\xa0swallow,\xa0retained\xa0infantile\xa0swallow\xa0or\xa0reverse\xa0swallow.\nPrognosis\n\nSimple tongue thrusting - Excellent\nComplex tongue thrusting - Good\nRetained infantile swallow - Poor\n\nPediatric Dentistry, Principles and Practice / M.S. Muthu, N. Sivakumar - 2nd Ed', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 6bce210a-7174-4c76-b1f0-9bc3f5c835fc | [{'content': 'CYP50 inhibition is least by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pantoprazole, B. Rabeprazole, C. Lansoprazole, D. Omeprazole', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Rabeprazole(Ref: Goodman Gilman 12/e p1990; Katzung131e p1060, 12/e p1089; KDT 7/e p653).Rabeprazole:Exclusively metabolized by CYP2C19 and does not cause any inhibition of CYP450.Highest efficacy.Lansoprazole - Most potent.Rabeprazole & pantoprazole have no significant drug interactions.The FDA has issued a warning about a potentially impoant adverse interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors.Proton pump inhibitors should be prescribed to patients taking clopidogrel only if they have an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or require them for chronic gastro-esophageal reflux or peptic ulcer disease, in which case agents with minimal CYP2C19 inhibition (pantoprazole or rabeprazole) are preferred', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | e6ba5355-f5fe-4095-9b21-1bf140122c8f | [{'content': 'Which of the following is a component of Pentalogy of Fallot – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Atrial septal Defect (ASD), B. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), C. Coarctation of Aorta (COA), D. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Peutalogy of fallot consists : -\n\nTetralogy of Faint --> VSD, Pulmonic stenosis, Overriding of aorta,Right ventricular hypertrophy\nAtrial septal defect', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | c4bcd30a-daa7-4da1-9316-83c2cbb64532 | [{'content': 'The contractile element in a skeletal muscle is present in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sarcolemma, B. Sarcoplasm, C. Myofibril, D. Endomysium', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | 673a0bbe-b4d8-46bb-83b0-e01658f9f22f | [{'content': 'Cherry red spot and Hollenhorst plaque are seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. CRAO, B. CRVO, C. Branch RAO, D. Branch RVO', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. CRAO(licr Parson's 22/e p320-32l, 21 /e p313,314: Kanski 7/e p559-562: Yanoff and Duker 4/e p522)Cherry red spot & Hollenhorst plaque:Seen in both Central Retinal Aery Occlusion (CRAO) & BRAG.CRAO incidence is more common than BRAG.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3419bb2a-2a24-4ddc-b217-ee00b981afeb | [{'content': 'Optimal location for intra osseous anesthesia for mandibular second molars is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Distal to the molar, B. Mesial to the molar, C. In the furcation area, D. Apical perforation and injection', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | b0c6997a-bf16-4f7c-8c44-7a3504e0131b | [{'content': 'Which statements is true regarding VENTOUSE : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Minor scalp abrasions and subgaleal hematomas in new born are more frequent than forceps, B. Can be applied when foetal head is above the level of ischial spine, C. Maternal trauma is more frequent than forceps, D. Can not be used when fetal head is not fully rotated', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 11efa366-1d2d-48a8-a247-a362a0447140 | [{'content': 'After cleaning and pumicing the tooth surface, plaque formation takes place within \nSelect and explain. \nA. A few minutes, B. 1/2 to 1 hour, C. 2 to 4 hour, D. After 1 hour', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 4df0486d-1aba-4df0-9a1f-fd86bb8acc9a | [{'content': 'Which of the following structure is not present on floor of third ventricle? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Optic stalk, B. Third nerve, C. Infundibulum, D. Mammillary body', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B (Third nerve)The third nerve (Oculomotor) does not form the floor of the third ventricle although it lies in close relation to the floor.The anterior wall of the third ventricle is formed by Lamina terminalis, Anterior commissure, Anterior columns of the fornixThe posterior wall is formed by the Pineal body, Posterior commissure, Cerebral aqueduct.The roof is formed by Body of fornix and the ependyma lining the undersurface of the tela choroidea of the third ventricle.The floor of the third ventricle is formed by Optic chiasma, Tuber cinereum, Infundibulum, the Mammillary bodies, Posterior perforated substance, and Tegmentum of the midbrain. The lateral wall is formed by the Medial surface of the thalamus, Hypothalamus, and the Hypothalamic sulcus.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 25357342-dfb9-4828-a49e-20f3701eb211 | [{'content': 'Speech problems in cleft palate patients are due to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lisping of tongue, B. Inability of soft palate to stop air to go into nasopharynx, C. Inability of learning process, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | 38810794-2735-4239-b36f-d9a509a2997f | [{'content': 'According to the WHO definition of hearing loss, what is the value to classify as profound hearing loss? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 61-71 dB, B. >81 dB, C. >91 dB, D. >101 dB', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. >81 dB(Ref: http://wwwwlio.intipbaideulne.ssilieuring_impairment_gracies/en/)According to the WHO (2008) definition of hearing loss, hearing threshold in better ear >81 dB is classified as profound hearing loss.WHO (2008) Classification of Degree of Hearing LossHearing threshold in better ear (average of 500, 1000, Grade of Impairment0-25No impairment26-40Milddeg impairment41-60Moderatedeg impairment61-80SevereQ impairment>81Profound impairment including', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c5b472d1-468e-437e-97fc-9b1c2411af53 | [{'content': 'What we will define it "ratio of no. of death under 1 year of age to total live birth per 1000 live births per year"? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Infant mortality rate, B. Child mortality rate, C. Child morbidity rate, D. Life expectancy rate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e4610f09-b587-47c8-99ff-c8967f481322 | [{'content': 'The necrotising pressure areas, undergoing bone resorption and endosteal bone formation \nSelect and explain. \nA. Juvenile periodontitis, B. Occlusal trauma, C. Chronic suppurative periodontitis, D. ANUG', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 3bd3eaf4-a529-4b2a-8d98-79249b580503 | [{'content': 'CLED is better medium than MacConkey medium for processing of urine samples \nSelect and explain. \nA. It differentiate LF from NLF Bacteria, B. Prevents swarming of proteus, C. Identifies pseudomonas, D. Allows staphylococcus,Streptococcus and candida to grow', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Allows staphylococcus,Streptococcus and candida to grow* CLED agar (cystine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar or medium) is a valuable non-inhibitorygrowth medium used in the isolation and differentiation ofurinary microbes* It suppos the growth of urinary pathogens and contaminants but prevents undue swarming of Proteus species due to its lack of electrolytes.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e1eb342e-fe1e-49b1-a9d7-f8400b419aa6 | [{'content': 'Pre-maturity in edge to edge position is relieved by reducing: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular incisal edge., B. Maxillary lingual fossa., C. Both AB, D. Either AB', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |