Another question I asked about Power Supply Noise pushed me to ask this question. 

The background is as follows: I have a design with PD (Photodetector) and Opamp at medium frequency (couple hundred KHz). I am trying to test my design when it come back. I am looking at power supply noise, opamp supply noise and opamp output noise. I realized, there is more to it than just touching the probe. People talk about power loops, having special cables etc. 

I will spin another board in two weeks and I wanted to ask, if you are designing your board now, what type of test points or elements you place on your board so that you can measure the noise accurately. We are talking about <20mV type signals.

Bonus question: The output of the opamp is connected to an ADC of the processor. Could I simply run the ADC and plot that to gain a deeper understanding of the noise compared to connecting my cheap scope?
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Noise is difficult to measure, and the **amplitude** you see on your your **scope is only a first indication** of the level.  

Do you want to measure absolute noise levels, or just comparative? In the latter case the scope could be a good instrument, but at the given levels the average $500 scope will have so much noise itself that any measurement becomes in fact meaningless. You need a high quality scope + ditto probes to do this. 

The difficulty with measuring noise is that it has a wide bandwidth continuous energy spectrum (the continuous spectrum makes it hard to separate noise from signal, notch filters may work). Ideally you measure the **noise energy** through **RMS-to-DC conversion**. This is not for the faint-of-heart, as your RMS-to-DC converter has to be very sensitive due to the low levels, and wideband. And of course be low-noise itself! Liquid nitrogen helps :-).  

In any case, absolute signal-to-noise ratio is not as easy as reading amplitudes.
Stevenvh is correct that noise can be very hard to measure, but I would like to point out a different point of view.

The only time that noise really matters to you is when it affects your readings. This means that you can just take an ADC of your input, pass it off to a computer, and then do some math on it. I am not entirely up to speed on your project, but I assume that you "know" what your signal is that you are receiving.

You can come up with an SNR figure by calculating the average power of your signal and then to get your noise, just subtract the known signal from your ADC signal, find the power of the resulting noise, and then divide the two. Most systems tend to convert this to a dB scale.
This won’t tell you anything about what part of the system the noise is coming from, but it will allow you to have an idea as to how well your system will function overall.