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A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum "King of the Germans" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.

question: What period in history do we see the emergence of German culture?, answer: High Middle Ages | question: The kingdom of Germany formed within what outer established empires?, answer: East Francia | question: When was the Title King of the Germans first used?, answer: late 11th century | question: Who coined the phrase "king of the Germans", answer: chancery of Pope Gregory VII, | question: Who was given the prilavage of being called the first King of the Germans?, answer: Henry IV | question: When did a German ethnicity emerge?, answer: the Middle Ages | question: When is the title of rex teutonicum first used?, answer: the late 11th century | question: Who first used rex teutonicum?, answer: Pope Gregory VII | question: When is ein diutscher first used?, answer: 12th century | question: What does ein diutscher mean?, answer: a German

A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea.

question: What company ran the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century?, answer: the Jaluit Gesellschaft | question: When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end?, answer: 1905 | question: What document was signed in 1899?, answer: the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899 | question: Along with the Marianas and Palau, what islands were acquired from Spain in 1899?, answer: the Carolines | question: What official administered Germany's Micronesian possessions?, answer: the governor of German New Guinea

A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel. The new mode's logo features a "Superspeed+" caption (stylized as SUPERSPEED+). The USB 3.1 standard increases the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode, double that of USB 3.0 (referred to as USB 3.1 Gen1) and reduces line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b. The first USB 3.1 implementation demonstrated transfer speeds of 7.2 Gbit/s.

question: When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed?, answer: January 2013 | question: What actually happened whenever USB 3.0 was updated?, answer: The group ended up creating a new USB version | question: When was USB 3.1 released?, answer: 31 July 2013 | question: What does the USB 3.1 standard increase?, answer: the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode

A Japanese force was sent north to attack the Aleutian Islands. The next stage of the plan called for the capture of Midway, which would give him an opportunity to destroy Nimitz's remaining carriers. In May, Allied codebreakers discovered his intentions. Nagumo was again in tactical command but was focused on the invasion of Midway; Yamamoto's complex plan had no provision for intervention by Nimitz before the Japanese expected him. Planned surveillance of the U.S. fleet by long range seaplane did not happen (as a result of an abortive identical operation in March), so Fletcher's carriers were able to proceed to a flanking position without being detected. Nagumo had 272 planes operating from his four carriers, the U.S. 348 (115 land-based).

question: In Yamamoto's plan, what northern islands were to be attacked?, answer: Aleutian Islands | question: What was the second stage objective of Yamaoto's plan?, answer: capture of Midway | question: How many planes did Nagumo have for the Midway invasion?, answer: 272 | question: How many planes did the United States have in the Battle of Midway?, answer: 348 | question: How many U.S. planes were land-based?, answer: 115

A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, regarded as the first novel in English. Philosophus Autodidactus, continuing the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle from earlier ages, inspired Robert Boyle to write his own philosophical novel set on an island, The Aspiring Naturalist.

question: Which year did a translation of Philosophus Autodidactus in Latin come to be?, answer: 1671 | question: Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?, answer: Daniel Defoe | question: Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin?, answer: Edward Pococke the Younger | question: Simon Ockley translated Philosophus Autodidactus into English, in what year did he do that?, answer: 1708 | question: What book is Robert Boyle believe to have written after being inspired by Philosophus Autodidactus?, answer: The Aspiring Naturalist

A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove away. His semi-naked, lifeless body was then placed into an ambulance and taken to Misrata; upon arrival, he was found to be dead. Official NTC accounts claimed that Gaddafi was caught in a cross-fire and died from his bullet wounds. Other eye-witness accounts claimed that rebels had fatally shot Gaddafi in the stomach; a rebel identifying himself as Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi later claimed responsibility. Gaddafi's son Mutassim, who had also been among the convoy, was also captured, and found dead several hours later, most probably from an extrajudicial execution. Around 140 Gaddafi loyalists were rounded up from the convoy; tied up and abused, the corpses of 66 were found at the nearby Mahari Hotel, victims of extrajudicial execution. Libya's chief forensic pathologist, Dr. Othman al-Zintani, carried out the autopsies of Gaddafi, his son and Jabr in the days following their deaths; although the pathologist initially told the press that Gaddafi had died from a gunshot wound to the head, the autopsy report was not made public.

question: Who claimed to have murdered Gaddafi?, answer: Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi | question: What son of Gaddafi, present in the convoy, was found dead shortly after being captured?, answer: Mutassim | question: Where did an ambulance take Gaddafi after he was murdered?, answer: Misrata | question: Who was the chief forensic pathologist of Libya?, answer: Dr. Othman al-Zintani | question: How many bodies of Gaddafi supporters were found at the Mahari Hotel?, answer: 66

A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence, which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conductor under the influence of an electric field. The charge carriers recombine in a forward-biased P-N junction as the electrons cross from the N-region and recombine with the holes existing in the P-region. Free electrons are in the conduction band of energy levels, while holes are in the valence energy band. Thus the energy level of the holes will be lesser than the energy levels of the electrons. Some portion of the energy must be dissipated in order to recombine the electrons and the holes. This energy is emitted in the form of heat and light.

question: What converts absorbed light energy into an electric current?, answer: P-N junction | question: What is the phenomenon where a P-N junction emits light when an electrical current is applied to it?, answer: electroluminescence | question: Where are the free electrons located in the production of electroluminescence?, answer: the conduction band | question: Whose energy levels are lower than the electrons in the electroluminescence process?, answer: holes existing in the P-region | question: Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and light?, answer: to recombine the electrons and the holes

A PM motor does not have a field winding on the stator frame, instead relying on PMs to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor field interacts to produce torque. Compensating windings in series with the armature may be used on large motors to improve commutation under load. Because this field is fixed, it cannot be adjusted for speed control. PM fields (stators) are convenient in miniature motors to eliminate the power consumption of the field winding. Most larger DC motors are of the "dynamo" type, which have stator windings. Historically, PMs could not be made to retain high flux if they were disassembled; field windings were more practical to obtain the needed amount of flux. However, large PMs are costly, as well as dangerous and difficult to assemble; this favors wound fields for large machines.

question: What can a PM motor not be adjusted for?, answer: speed control | question: What is another name for PM fields?, answer: stators | question: What design feature does a PM motor lack?, answer: field winding | question: What do field windings provide?, answer: flux

A Protestant baptism is held to be valid by the Catholic Church if given with the trinitarian formula and with the intent to baptize. However, as the ordination of Protestant ministers is not recognized due to the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church, all other sacraments (except marriage) performed by Protestant denominations and ministers are not recognized as valid. Therefore, Protestants desiring full communion with the Catholic Church are not re-baptized (although they are confirmed) and Protestant ministers who become Catholics may be ordained to the priesthood after a period of study.

question: If done properly, what Protestant practice does the Catholic Church recognize?, answer: baptism | question: What is the only other sacrament of the Protestants that the Catholic Church recognizes?, answer: marriage | question: Who can become ordained to the Catholic priesthood after a period of study?, answer: Protestant ministers who become Catholics | question: Protestants who want full communion with the Catholic Church do not have to be what?, answer: re-baptized | question: Why does the Catholic Church not recognize the ordination of Protestant ministers?, answer: the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church

A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton. Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964.

question: What document declared the upgrade of University College at Highfield?, answer: Royal Charter | question: What is the new name of University College at Highfield?, answer: University of Southampton | question: When did Southampton officially become a city?, answer: 1964 | question: In what year did the Royal Charter give the University of Southampton its name?, answer: 1952

A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals "guanches", "guanchos" or "canarios". There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.

question: Who organized the Spanish expedition?, answer: Bruno Mauricio de Zabala | question: What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location?, answer: 22 January 1724 | question: Who was one significant early italian resident?, answer: Jorge Burgues

A TiVo service update in July 2008 allowed the system to search and play YouTube videos. In January 2009, YouTube launched "YouTube for TV", a version of the website tailored for set-top boxes and other TV-based media devices with web browsers, initially allowing its videos to be viewed on the PlayStation 3 and Wii video game consoles. In June 2009, YouTube XL was introduced, which has a simplified interface designed for viewing on a standard television screen. YouTube is also available as an app on Xbox Live. On November 15, 2012, Google launched an official app for the Wii, allowing users to watch YouTube videos from the Wii channel. An app is also available for Wii U and Nintendo 3DS, and videos can be viewed on the Wii U Internet Browser using HTML5. Google made YouTube available on the Roku player on December 17, 2013 and in October 2014, the Sony PlayStation 4.

question: What service was able to search and play youtube videos as of 2008?, answer: TiVo | question: What did youtube launch in Jan of 2009?, answer: YouTube for TV | question: later in 2009 what service replaced youtube for TV, answer: YouTube XL | question: Google made youtube streamable on what gaming console in DEC. of 2013?, answer: the Roku player | question: When did youtube finally become available on the Playstation 4?, answer: October 2014

A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi. The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had killed and plundered for three days and nights. He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids, scholars, and the "other Muslims" (artists); 100,000 war prisoners were put to death in one day. The Sultanate suffered significantly from the sacking of Delhi revived briefly under the Lodi Dynasty, but it was a shadow of the former.

question: What Turko-Mongol attacked and defeated the Sultan of Tughlaq dynasty?, answer: Timur | question: On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan?, answer: 17 December 1398 | question: In what shape did Timur leave the city of Delhi?, answer: in ruins | question: How many prisoners of war were executed in the sack of Delhi?, answer: 100,000 | question: What were exempted from death by Timur when ordering Delhi sacked?, answer: sayyids

A UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into their daily lives. This study examined 17 subjects, (average age 53) with normal memory performance. Eight subjects were asked to follow a "brain healthy" diet, relaxation, physical, and mental exercise (brain teasers and verbal memory training techniques). After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance. No long term follow up was conducted, it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.

question: Can one increase their brain efficency?, answer: people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency | question: What can a person do to increase their brain efficiency?, answer: simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction | question: In a study performed with 17 subjects, what relationship did healthy changes and brain efficiency have?, answer: After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance. | question: Do lifestyle changes definitely have an affect on long term memory?, answer: it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.

A USB packet's end, called EOP (end-of-packet), is indicated by the transmitter driving 2 bit times of SE0 (D+ and D− both below max.) and 1 bit time of J state. After this, the transmitter ceases to drive the D+/D− lines and the aforementioned pull up resistors hold it in the J (idle) state. Sometimes skew due to hubs can add as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet. This extra bit can also result in a "bit stuff violation" if the six bits before it in the CRC are 1s. This bit should be ignored by receiver.

question: What is a USB packet's end called?, answer: EOP (end-of-packet) | question: What can skew due to hubs add?, answer: as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet | question: What can this extra bit result in?, answer: "bit stuff violation

A Vestal's dress represented her status outside the usual categories that defined Roman women, with elements of both virgin bride and daughter, and Roman matron and wife. Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastity that was strictly enforced: a Vestal polluted by the loss of her chastity while in office was buried alive. Thus the exceptional honor accorded a Vestal was religious rather than personal or social; her privileges required her to be fully devoted to the performance of her duties, which were considered essential to the security of Rome.

question: What vow was required of Vestals?, answer: chastity | question: How were the Vestals' devotion to Rome's security viewed to be ?, answer: essential | question: What was the punishment for the loss of a Vestal's chastity?, answer: buried alive | question: What was a Vestal expected to be to her duties?, answer: devoted | question: What was the honor granted a Vestal ?, answer: religious

A Yagi-Uda array uses passive elements to greatly increase gain. It is built along a support boom that is pointed toward the signal, and thus sees no induced signal and does not contribute to the antenna's operation. The end closer to the source is referred to as the front. Near the rear is a single active element, typically a half-wave dipole or folded dipole. Passive elements are arranged in front (directors) and behind (reflectors) the active element along the boom. The Yagi has the inherent quality that it becomes increasingly directional, and thus has higher gain, as the number of elements increases. However, this also makes it increasingly sensitive to changes in frequency; if the signal frequency changes, not only does the active element receive less energy directly, but all of the passive elements adding to that signal also decrease their output as well and their signals no longer reach the active element in-phase.

question: What can take advantage of these elements to add more gain?, answer: Yagi-Uda array | question: Does this device improve the operation of the antenna?, answer: does not contribute | question: What is the name for passive elements nearer to the source of the signal?, answer: directors | question: Adding more elements to a Yagi-Uda would have what effect?, answer: increasingly directional

A ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36, would have changed the way in which the state apportions its electoral votes. Rather than assigning all 9 of the state's electors to the candidate with a plurality of popular votes, under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system (Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district). Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College, and the amendment ultimately failed, receiving only 34% of the vote.

question: What action suggested by a state, would have affecting the outcome of the electoral votes?, answer: ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36 | question: What unique change to the electoral voting process did Colorado suggest should happen?, answer: under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system | question: Which two states designated their assigned votes based on their districts?, answer: Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district) | question: Did everyone agree that Amendment 36 was a good idea?, answer: Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College | question: Did Amendment 36 get passed?, answer: the amendment ultimately failed

A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart. The name derives from the town of Bantam in Java where European sailors bought the local small chickens for their shipboard supplies. Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs. They are kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.

question: What breed of chicken is named after a town in Java ?, answer: A bantam | question: How are bantams different from other chickens?, answer: A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart | question: Do bantams lay regular sized eggs ?, answer: Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs | question: Where are bantams kept?, answer: kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.

A bare proton, H+, cannot exist in solution or in ionic crystals, because of its unstoppable attraction to other atoms or molecules with electrons. Except at the high temperatures associated with plasmas, such protons cannot be removed from the electron clouds of atoms and molecules, and will remain attached to them. However, the term 'proton' is sometimes used loosely and metaphorically to refer to positively charged or cationic hydrogen attached to other species in this fashion, and as such is denoted "H+" without any implication that any single protons exist freely as a species.

question: What is another term for a bare proton?, answer: H+

A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstett, Fort Bismarck (now Fort Kléber) in Wolfisheim, Fort Kronprinz (now Fort Foch) in Niederhausbergen, Fort Kronprinz von Sachsen (now Fort Joffre) in Holtzheim and Fort Großherzog von Baden (now Fort Frère) in Oberhausbergen.

question: What was established around the city?, answer: fortifications | question: Where is Fort Podbielski located?, answer: Mundolsheim | question: Where is Fort Bismark located?, answer: Wolfisheim | question: Where is for Kronprinz von Sachsen located?, answer: Holtzheim | question: Where is Fort Roon Located?, answer: Mundolsheim

A boy who is late for any division or other appointment may be required to sign "Tardy Book", a register kept in the School Office, between 7.35am and 7.45am, every morning for the duration of his sentence (typically three days). Tardy Book may also be issued for late work. For more serious misdeeds, a boy is summoned from his lessons to the Head Master, or Lower Master if the boy is in the lower two years, to talk personally about his misdeeds. This is known as the "Bill". The most serious misdeeds may result in expulsion, or rustication (suspension). Conversely, should a master be more than 15 minutes late for a class, traditionally the pupils might claim it as a "run" and absent themselves for the rest of its duration.

question: What term is used if a master is more than 15 minutes late to a class?, answer: a "run" | question: Where is the "Tardy Book" kept?, answer: School Office | question: How long is the typical punishment for being tardy?, answer: typically three days | question: When a boy is summoned to the Head Master, what is the experience called?, answer: the "Bill" | question: What is another term for rustication?, answer: suspension

A brash boosterism that had typified Melbourne during this time ended in the early 1890s with a severe depression of the city's economy, sending the local finance and property industries into a period of chaos during which 16 small "land banks" and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies went into liquidation. The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor in the Australian economic depression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893. The effects of the depression on the city were profound, with virtually no new construction until the late 1890s.

question: When did severe depression hit Melbourne's city?, answer: 1890s | question: What went into liquidation in Melbourne around the 1890's?, answer: 16 small "land banks" and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies | question: When did new construction start in Melbourne?, answer: late 1890s | question: When did Australia have a banking crisis?, answer: 1893. | question: During what decade did Melbourne suffer a sever economic depression?, answer: early 1890s | question: How many limited companies went into liquidation during the 1890s depression in Melbourne?, answer: 133 | question: How many "land banks" and building societies collapsed during the 1890s depression in Melbourne?, answer: 16 | question: The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor to what banking crisis in 1893?, answer: Australian | question: When did new construction start to reimerge after the early 1890s depression in Melbourne?, answer: late 1890s

A brewery tap is the nearest outlet for a brewery's beers. This is usually a room or bar in the brewery itself, though the name may be applied to the nearest pub. The term is not applied to a brewpub which brews and sells its beer on the same premises.

question: What is the closest outlet for a brewery's beers called?, answer: A brewery tap | question: If the brewery tap is not located in the brewery, where is it usually located?, answer: the nearest pub | question: What is the term for a pub that brews and sells its own beer?, answer: brewpub

A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products. This definition categorizes genes by their functional products (proteins or RNA) rather than their specific DNA loci, with regulatory elements classified as gene-associated regions.

question: What sort of definition can be used to conveniently encompass the complexity of diverse phenomena?, answer: A broad operational definition | question: What is the broad operational definition of a gene?, answer: a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products | question: What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by?, answer: their specific DNA loci | question: What does the broad operational definition of gene categorize genes by?, answer: their functional products (proteins or RNA) | question: What does the broad operational definition of a gene classify as gene-associated regions?, answer: regulatory elements

A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this transition varies drastically by culture. In some countries, such as the United States, adolescence can last nearly a decade, but in others, the transition—often in the form of a ceremony—can last for only a few days.

question: The transition from child-to-adulthood can be broadly defined as what?, answer: adolescence | question: How long does the United States believe adolescence lasts?, answer: nearly a decade | question: Does the time frame of adolescence vary from culture to culture or remain universally agreed upon?, answer: varies drastically by culture | question: Leaving school, starting a full-time job, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time are markers in what stage of one's development, according to Hogan & Astone?, answer: adolescence

A browser extension is a computer program that extends the functionality of a web browser. Every major web browser supports the development of browser extensions.

question: A computer program that continues the functionality of a browser is called what?, answer: browser extension

A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG. The Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art. The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and objects from the orient can be visited in the Oriental Carpet Museum. The Blind Man Museum is a rarity in Germany, another one is only in Berlin. The Museum of veterinary medicine is unique in Germany. The Museum for Energy History describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy. The Home Museum Ahlem shows the history of the district of Ahlem. The Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ahlem describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte shows modern art. Modern art is also the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust, the Nord/LB Art Gellery and of the Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik.

question: What is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG?, answer: A cabinet of coins | question: What is the name of the largest police museum in Germany?, answer: Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen | question: Where can you find carpets and objects from the orient?, answer: Oriental Carpet Museum | question: Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum?, answer: Berlin | question: What is the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust?, answer: Modern art

A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized). The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

question: What was a capacitor originally known as?, answer: a condenser | question: How many electrical conductors, or plates, do all capacitors contain at a minimum?, answer: two electrical conductors | question: What is the name of the insulator in all capacitors that can store energy by becoming polarized?, answer: a dielectric | question: In what form does a capacitor store energy?, answer: the form of an electrostatic field | question: Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located?, answer: between its plates

A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by a non-conductive region. The non-conductive region is called the dielectric. In simpler terms, the dielectric is just an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric media are glass, air, paper, vacuum, and even a semiconductor depletion region chemically identical to the conductors. A capacitor is assumed to be self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field. The conductors thus hold equal and opposite charges on their facing surfaces, and the dielectric develops an electric field. In SI units, a capacitance of one farad means that one coulomb of charge on each conductor causes a voltage of one volt across the device.

question: What type of area is between the two conductors in a capacitor?, answer: a non-conductive region | question: What is the name given to the area between two conductors in a capacitor?, answer: the dielectric | question: What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have?, answer: no net electric charge | question: What type of charges do conductors hold on their facing surfaces?, answer: equal and opposite charges | question: What region within a capacitor develops an electric field?, answer: the dielectric

A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.

question: What does A cappella mean in the Italian language?, answer: in the manner of the chapel | question: What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella?, answer: alla breve | question: At what point did Renaissance polyphony become popular again?, answer: 19th century | question: How is A cappella currently defined?, answer: group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment | question: A cappella was originally used to tell the difference between which two styles?, answer: Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato

A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of musical theater that have had commercial runs Off-Broadway (theaters in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times. The first was Avenue X which opened on 28 January 1994 and ran for 77 performances. It was produced by Playwrights Horizons with book by John Jiler, music and lyrics by Ray Leslee. The musical style of the show's score was primarily Doo-Wop as the plot revolved around Doo-Wop group singers of the 1960s.

question: How many works of a cappella in musical theater have been successful in Off-Broadway productions?, answer: four | question: What was the name of the a cappella musical that first opened 28 January 1994?, answer: Avenue X | question: What time period was Avenue X set in?, answer: the 1960s | question: What was the final number of performances in Avenue X's original run?, answer: 77 | question: Who was responsible for the lyrics of Avenue X?, answer: Ray Leslee

A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was Penn Masala, founded in 1996 at the University of Pennsylvania. Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity. The first co-ed south Asian a cappella was Anokha, from the University of Maryland, formed in 2001. Also, Dil se, another co-ed a cappella from UC Berkeley, hosts the "Anahat" competition at the University of California, Berkeley annually. Maize Mirchi, the co-ed a cappella group from the University of Michigan hosts "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella", an annual South Asian a cappella invitational with various groups from the Midwest.

question: Whas is the name of the ethnic a capella group founded at the University of Pennsylvania in 1996?, answer: Penn Masala | question: Among which group is a capella becoming more prominent?, answer: South Asians | question: What is the name of the first South Asian a capella group to accept both men and women?, answer: Anokha | question: What a capella competition is hosted at UC Berkeley?, answer: Anahat | question: What group hosts the a capella competition "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella"?, answer: Maize Mirchi

A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.

question: What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years?, answer: religious music | question: What was considered part of A cappella until the Baroque period?, answer: The madrigal | question: The madrigal became what type of form that prevented it from being accompanied with A cappella?, answer: instrumentally-accompanied | question: In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella?, answer: Renaissance

A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap of 12,000 km (7,456 mi). Large animals such as some cetaceans and birds make the round trip annually. More surprising are small forms of life such as mudworms, sea cucumbers and free-swimming snails found in both polar oceans. Various factors may aid in their distribution – fairly uniform temperatures of the deep ocean at the poles and the equator which differ by no more than 5 °C, and the major current systems or marine conveyor belt which transport eggs and larval stages.

question: Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life?, answer: Census of Marine Life | question: When was the census of sea life carried out in Antarctica?, answer: International Polar Year | question: How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions?, answer: 235 | question: Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other?, answer: cetaceans | question: What is the amount of difference in temperature in the deep ocean?, answer: 5 °C

A central teaching of Jehovah's Witnesses is that the current world era, or "system of things", entered the "last days" in 1914 and faces imminent destruction through intervention by God and Jesus Christ, leading to deliverance for those who worship God acceptably. They consider all other present-day religions to be false, identifying them with "Babylon the Great", or the "harlot", of Revelation 17, and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations, which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17. This development will mark the beginning of the "great tribulation". Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah's Witnesses, an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon, during which all forms of government and all people not counted as Christ's "sheep", or true followers, will be destroyed. After Armageddon, God will extend his heavenly kingdom to include earth, which will be transformed into a paradise similar to the Garden of Eden. After Armageddon, most of those who had died before God's intervention will gradually be resurrected during "judgment day" lasting for one thousand years. This judgment will be based on their actions after resurrection rather than past deeds. At the end of the thousand years, Christ will hand all authority back to God. Then a final test will take place when Satan is released to mislead perfect mankind. Those who fail will be destroyed, along with Satan and his demons. The end result will be a fully tested, glorified human race.

question: One of Jehovah Witnesses' central teachings is that the world entered into its last days at what year?, answer: 1914 | question: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider all other present day religions to be?, answer: false | question: Who do Jehovah Witnesses think is out to destroy them?, answer: the United Nations | question: Who needs to attack Jehovah Witnesses for God to begin the war of Armageddon?, answer: Satan | question: What will be the end result of God's kingdom?, answer: a fully tested, glorified human race

A charity is a nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances. For example, a charity is generally not allowed to pay its Trustees. In England and Wales, charities may be registered with the Charity Commission. In Scotland, the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator serves the same function. Other organizations which are classified as nonprofit organizations elsewhere, such as trade unions, are subject to separate regulations, and are not regarded as "charities" in the technical sense.

question: What is the definition of a charity?, answer: nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances | question: Where are charity organizations registered in England and Wales?, answer: Charity Commission | question: Where would an NPO or charity organization register in Scotland?, answer: Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator | question: What is one of the contraints of an NPO with regards to assets?, answer: generally not allowed to pay its Trustees | question: Is a trade union governed by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator?, answer: not regarded as "charities" in the technical sense

A climbing elevator is a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion. The propulsion can be done by an electric or a combustion engine. Climbing elevators are used in guyed masts or towers, in order to make easy access to parts of these constructions, such as flight safety lamps for maintenance. An example would be the Moonlight towers in Austin, Texas, where the elevator holds only one person and equipment for maintenance. The Glasgow Tower — an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland — also makes use of two climbing elevators.

question: What defines a climbing elevator?, answer: a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion | question: What settings are climbing elevators used in?, answer: guyed masts or towers | question: What is the Glasgow Tower?, answer: an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland | question: How is the propulsion powered in a climbing elevator?, answer: by an electric or a combustion engine

A collector of film memorabilia, Spielberg purchased a balsa Rosebud sled from Citizen Kane (1941) in 1982. He bought Orson Welles's own directorial copy of the script for the radio broadcast The War of the Worlds (1938) in 1994. Spielberg has purchased Academy Award statuettes being sold on the open market and donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation. His donations include the Oscars that Bette Davis received for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938), and Clark Gable's Oscar for It Happened One Night (1934).

question: When was Citizen Kane released?, answer: 1941 | question: When was 'The War of the Worlds' radio broadcast?, answer: 1938 | question: When did Spielberg buy a sled from Citizen Kane?, answer: 1982 | question: When did Spielberg buy Orson Welles' personal script copy from 'The War of the Worlds'?, answer: 1994 | question: What does Spielberg do with Academy Awards he buys?, answer: donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation

A combination of urban and suburban development, the West Side is generally defined as the area west of I-10. Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, located in the wealthy enclave known as Starr Pass. Moving past the Tucson Mountains, travelers find themselves in the area commonly referred to as "west of" Tucson or "Old West Tucson". A large undulating plain extending south into the Altar Valley, rural residential development predominates, but here you will also find major attractions including Saguaro National Park West, the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, and the Old Tucson Studios movie set/theme park.

question: What interstate is the West side west of?, answer: I-10 | question: What is the name of the movie set in Old West Tuscon?, answer: Old Tucson Studios | question: What is the name of the national park in Old West Tuscon?, answer: Saguaro National Park West | question: What is the museum in Old West Tuscon?, answer: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | question: The Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa is located where?, answer: Starr Pass | question: What part of Tucson is considered the West Side?, answer: the area west of I-10 | question: What museum is in Western Tucson?, answer: International Wildlife Museum | question: What resort is in Western Tucson?, answer: Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa | question: What neighborhood is the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa in?, answer: Starr Pass | question: What theme park is in Old West Tucson?, answer: Old Tucson Studios

A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set and the elections process began in earnest. After the return of SWAPO exiles (over 46,000 exiles), Namibia's first one-person one-vote elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. The official election slogan was "Free and Fair Elections". This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition. The elections were peaceful and declared free and fair.

question: What does UNTAG stand for?, answer: United Nations Transition Assistance Group | question: Who was the diplomat for UNTAG?, answer: Martti Ahtisaari | question: When was the diplomat for UNTAG deployed to supervise withdrawals from Namibia?, answer: April 1989 to March 1990 | question: What nationality was the diplomat in UNTAG?, answer: Finnish | question: What was the official election slogan in the first Namibia election?, answer: Free and Fair Elections

A commandery consisted of a group of counties, and was headed by an Administrator. He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system first established by Emperor Wu. The head of a large county of about 10,000 households was called a Prefect, while the heads of smaller counties were called Chiefs, and both could be referred to as Magistrates. A Magistrate maintained law and order in his county, registered the populace for taxation, mobilized commoners for annual corvée duties, repaired schools and supervised public works.

question: What individual was typically in charge of a commandery?, answer: an Administrator | question: Around how many households was a Prefect responsible for?, answer: 10,000 | question: What individual was responsible for law and maintaining order in the county?, answer: A Magistrate | question: What Emperor initially created the quota system?, answer: Emperor Wu | question: Who was in charge of counties that had fewer than 10,000 people in them?, answer: Chiefs

A common application of a torque motor would be the supply- and take-up reel motors in a tape drive. In this application, driven from a low voltage, the characteristics of these motors allow a relatively constant light tension to be applied to the tape whether or not the capstan is feeding tape past the tape heads. Driven from a higher voltage, (and so delivering a higher torque), the torque motors can also achieve fast-forward and rewind operation without requiring any additional mechanics such as gears or clutches. In the computer gaming world, torque motors are used in force feedback steering wheels.

question: How are torque motors used in computer gaming?, answer: feedback steering wheels | question: A torque motor at low voltage provides what?, answer: constant light tension | question: A torque motor at high voltage provides what?, answer: higher torque | question: In a tape drive, what is not needed if a torque motor is used?, answer: gears or clutches

A common cause of software failure (real or perceived) is a lack of its compatibility with other application software, operating systems (or operating system versions, old or new), or target environments that differ greatly from the original (such as a terminal or GUI application intended to be run on the desktop now being required to become a web application, which must render in a web browser). For example, in the case of a lack of backward compatibility, this can occur because the programmers develop and test software only on the latest version of the target environment, which not all users may be running. This results in the unintended consequence that the latest work may not function on earlier versions of the target environment, or on older hardware that earlier versions of the target environment was capable of using. Sometimes such issues can be fixed by proactively abstracting operating system functionality into a separate program module or library.

question: What is the most common reason for software failure?, answer: compatibility with other application software | question: What do developers commonly do when creating software that can lead to failures?, answer: lack of backward compatibility | question: What is the most common cause for software failure?, answer: lack of its compatibility with other application software | question: What often lacks in software developed when its released that can eventually lead to errors?, answer: a lack of backward compatibility | question: What does backwards compatibility always seem to be the cause of errors and bugs after a release?, answer: test software only on the latest version of the target environment

A common way in which emotions are conceptualized in sociology is in terms of the multidimensional characteristics including cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, pride, fear, happiness), physiological changes (e.g., increased perspiration, changes in pulse rate), expressive facial and body movements (e.g., smiling, frowning, baring teeth), and appraisals of situational cues. One comprehensive theory of emotional arousal in humans has been developed by Jonathan Turner (2007: 2009). Two of the key eliciting factors for the arousal of emotions within this theory are expectations states and sanctions. When people enter a situation or encounter with certain expectations for how the encounter should unfold, they will experience different emotions depending on the extent to which expectations for Self, other and situation are met or not met. People can also provide positive or negative sanctions directed at Self or other which also trigger different emotional experiences in individuals. Turner analyzed a wide range of emotion theories across different fields of research including sociology, psychology, evolutionary science, and neuroscience. Based on this analysis, he identified four emotions that all researchers consider being founded on human neurology including assertive-anger, aversion-fear, satisfaction-happiness, and disappointment-sadness. These four categories are called primary emotions and there is some agreement amongst researchers that these primary emotions become combined to produce more elaborate and complex emotional experiences. These more elaborate emotions are called first-order elaborations in Turner's theory and they include sentiments such as pride, triumph, and awe. Emotions can also be experienced at different levels of intensity so that feelings of concern are a low-intensity variation of the primary emotion aversion-fear whereas depression is a higher intensity variant.

question: Along with anger, pride and happiness, what is an example of an emotional label?, answer: fear | question: Aside from increased perspiration, what is a physiological change related to emotions?, answer: changes in pulse rate | question: Along with smiling and frowning, what is an example of a facial or body movement caused by emotion?, answer: baring teeth | question: Who developed a comprehensive theory related to human emotional arousal?, answer: Jonathan Turner | question: How many emotional categories did Turner recognize as being founded on human neurology?, answer: four

A commonly seen example is the double happiness symbol 囍, formed as a ligature of 喜喜 and referred to by its disyllabic name (simplified Chinese: 双喜; traditional Chinese: 雙喜; pinyin: shuāngxǐ). In handwriting, numbers are very frequently squeezed into one space or combined – common ligatures include 廿 niàn, "twenty", normally read as 二十 èrshí, 卅 sà, "thirty", normally read as 三十 sānshí, and 卌 xì "forty", normally read as 四十 "sìshí". In some cases counters are also merged into one character, such as 七十人 qīshí rén "seventy people". Another common abbreviation is 门 with a "T" written inside it, for 問題, 问题, wèntí ("question; problem"), where the "T" is from pinyin for the second syllable tí 题. Since polysyllabic characters are often non-standard, they are often excluded incharcter dictionaries.

question: What characters are often non-standard?, answer: polysyllabic | question: What is a commonly seen example?, answer: double happiness symbol | question: What is formed as a ligature?, answer: double happiness symbol

A commutated DC motor has a set of rotating windings wound on an armature mounted on a rotating shaft. The shaft also carries the commutator, a long-lasting rotary electrical switch that periodically reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings as the shaft rotates. Thus, every brushed DC motor has AC flowing through its rotating windings. Current flows through one or more pairs of brushes that bear on the commutator; the brushes connect an external source of electric power to the rotating armature.

question: What does the communicator do?, answer: reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings | question: What type of current is featured in brushed DC motors?, answer: AC | question: Where do brushes get their power?, answer: external | question: What is the main feature of the shaft in a commutated DC motor?, answer: rotating

A commutator is a mechanism used to switch the input of most DC machines and certain AC machines consisting of slip ring segments insulated from each other and from the electric motor's shaft. The motor's armature current is supplied through the stationary brushes in contact with the revolving commutator, which causes required current reversal and applies power to the machine in an optimal manner as the rotor rotates from pole to pole. In absence of such current reversal, the motor would brake to a stop. In light of significant advances in the past few decades due to improved technologies in electronic controller, sensorless control, induction motor, and permanent magnet motor fields, electromechanically commutated motors are increasingly being displaced by externally commutated induction and permanent-magnet motors.

question: What would a rotor do without current reversal?, answer: brake to a stop | question: What switches the input of most DC motors?, answer: commutator | question: From where is current to the motor supplied?, answer: stationary brushes | question: What two motor types are ascendant today?, answer: externally commutated induction and permanent-magnet

A computer does not need to be electronic, nor even have a processor, nor RAM, nor even a hard disk. While popular usage of the word "computer" is synonymous with a personal electronic computer, the modern definition of a computer is literally: "A device that computes, especially a programmable [usually] electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information." Any device which processes information qualifies as a computer, especially if the processing is purposeful.[citation needed]

question: All devices that can process information can qualify being called what?, answer: a computer

A computer will solve problems in exactly the way it is programmed to, without regard to efficiency, alternative solutions, possible shortcuts, or possible errors in the code. Computer programs that learn and adapt are part of the emerging field of artificial intelligence and machine learning.

question: Computer programs that can learn are studied in what field?, answer: artificial intelligence

A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered "address" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to "put the number 123 into the cell numbered 1357" or to "add the number that is in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595." The information stored in memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. Since the CPU does not differentiate between different types of information, it is the software's responsibility to give significance to what the memory sees as nothing but a series of numbers.

question: How many numbers can a cell of a computer's memory hold?, answer: a single number | question: What is the responsibility of giving significance to what the memory sees as nothing but numbers?, answer: the software's

A considerable amount of new knowledge about plant function comes from studies of the molecular genetics of model plants such as the Thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy species in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The genome or hereditary information contained in the genes of this species is encoded by about 135 million base pairs of DNA, forming one of the smallest genomes among flowering plants. Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, in 2000. The sequencing of some other relatively small genomes, of rice (Oryza sativa) and Brachypodium distachyon, has made them important model species for understanding the genetics, cellular and molecular biology of cereals, grasses and monocots generally.

question: What was the first plant to have its genome sequenced?, answer: Thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana | question: In what year was this genome sequenced?, answer: 2000 | question: Why was this plant chosen for sequencing?, answer: one of the smallest genomes | question: Why is sequencing done on plants?, answer: understanding the genetics | question: What results from sequencing of DNA pairs?, answer: new knowledge about plant function

A converse popular image arose of British people in the Second World War: a collection of people locked in national solidarity. This image entered the historiography of the Second World War in the 1980s and 1990s, especially after the publication of Angus Calder's book The Myth of the Blitz (1991). It was evoked by both the right and left political factions in Britain during the Falklands War when it was embedded in a nostalgic narrative in which the Second World War represented aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy. This imagery of people in the Blitz was and is powerfully portrayed in film, radio, newspapers and magazines. At the time it was a useful propaganda tool for home and foreign consumption. Historians' critical response to this construction focused on what were seen as over-emphasised claims of righteous nationalism and national unity. In the Myth of the Blitz, Calder exposed some of the counter-evidence of anti-social and divisive behaviours. What he saw as the myth—serene national unity—became "historical truth". In particular, class division was most evident.

question: What view became popular of the British people in WWII?, answer: people locked in national solidarity. | question: When did this popular view come to be?, answer: in the 1980s and 1990s, especially after the publication of Angus Calder's book The Myth of the Blitz (1991). | question: Political factions in Britain supported what view of Britains in WWII?, answer: aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy. | question: What was the Historians' critical response to this view?, answer: over-emphasised claims of righteous nationalism and national unity. | question: What did Calder try to expose in his book?, answer: some of the counter-evidence of anti-social and divisive behaviours

A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.

question: In their pursuit of more money and power, corrupt dictators often ignore what?, answer: economic and social problems

A count may be started at any time that a wrestler's shoulders are down (both shoulders touching the mat), back-first and any part of the opponent's body is lying over the wrestler. This often results in pins that can easily be kicked out of, if the defensive wrestler is even slightly conscious. For example, an attacking wrestler who is half-conscious may simply drape an arm over an opponent, or a cocky wrestler may place their foot gently on the opponent's body, prompting a three-count from the referee.

question: At what point can a count be started?, answer: any time that a wrestler's shoulders are down (both shoulders touching the mat), back-first and any part of the opponent's body is lying over the wrestler. | question: What can happen to an arrogant wrestler?, answer: a cocky wrestler may place their foot gently on the opponent's body, prompting a three-count from the referee. | question: What might a partially conscious wrestler do?, answer: wrestler who is half-conscious may simply drape an arm over an opponent

A countout (alternatively "count-out" or "count out") happens when a wrestler is out of the ring long enough for the referee to count to ten (twenty in some promotions) and thus disqualified. The count is broken and restarted when a wrestler in the ring exits the ring. Playing into this, some wrestlers will "milk" the count by sliding in the ring, and immediately sliding back out. As they were technically inside the ring for a split second before exiting again, it is sufficient to restart the count. This is often referred to by commentators as "breaking the count." Heels often use this tactic in order to buy themselves more time to catch their breath, or to attempt to frustrate their babyface opponents.

question: What are a couple other ways to write countout?, answer: "count-out" or "count out" | question: What happens during a countout?, answer: when a wrestler is out of the ring long enough for the referee to count to ten | question: What will some wrestlers do to take advantage of the countout?, answer: sliding in the ring, and immediately sliding back out | question: What is the trick of sliding in and then back out of the ring called?, answer: breaking the count.

A culinary staple of North Carolina is pork barbecue. There are strong regional differences and rivalries over the sauces and methods used in making the barbecue. The common trend across Western North Carolina is the use of premium grade Boston butt. Western North Carolina pork barbecue uses a tomato-based sauce, and only the pork shoulder (dark meat) is used. Western North Carolina barbecue is commonly referred to as Lexington barbecue after the Piedmont Triad town of Lexington, home of the Lexington Barbecue Festival, which attracts over 100,000 visitors each October. Eastern North Carolina pork barbecue uses a vinegar-and-red-pepper-based sauce and the "whole hog" is cooked, thus integrating both white and dark meat.

question: What is a culinary staple of North Carolina?, answer: pork barbecue | question: What cut of pork do those in western North carolina prefer for BBQ?, answer: Boston butt | question: What is another name for Western North Carolina Barbecue?, answer: Lexington barbecue | question: What cut of pork do those in Western North Carolina prefer for BBQ?, answer: pork shoulder | question: How many people visit the lexington Barbecue festival each year?, answer: over 100,000

A database built with one DBMS is not portable to another DBMS (i.e., the other DBMS cannot run it). However, in some situations it is desirable to move, migrate a database from one DBMS to another. The reasons are primarily economical (different DBMSs may have different total costs of ownership or TCOs), functional, and operational (different DBMSs may have different capabilities). The migration involves the database's transformation from one DBMS type to another. The transformation should maintain (if possible) the database related application (i.e., all related application programs) intact. Thus, the database's conceptual and external architectural levels should be maintained in the transformation. It may be desired that also some aspects of the architecture internal level are maintained. A complex or large database migration may be a complicated and costly (one-time) project by itself, which should be factored into the decision to migrate. This in spite of the fact that tools may exist to help migration between specific DBMSs. Typically a DBMS vendor provides tools to help importing databases from other popular DBMSs.

question: Why would someone attempt to unite two different databases?, answer: primarily economical | question: In order to merge, what must the database maintain?, answer: database related application | question: What are the important parts of the database related application that should be moved?, answer: conceptual and external architectural levels | question: How can a DBMS database migration be made easier?, answer: vendor provides tools | question: Can a DBMS be transfered to a different DBMS?, answer: ano

A database management system (DBMS) is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases. Well-known DBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, SAP HANA, and IBM DB2. A database is not generally portable across different DBMSs, but different DBMS can interoperate by using standards such as SQL and ODBC or JDBC to allow a single application to work with more than one DBMS. Database management systems are often classified according to the database model that they support; the most popular database systems since the 1980s have all supported the relational model as represented by the SQL language.[disputed – discuss] Sometimes a DBMS is loosely referred to as a 'database'.

question: What does DBMS stand for?, answer: database management system | question: What is the purpose of a DBMS?, answer: to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases | question: What is the most popular DBMS?, answer: SQL language | question: How are DBMSs classified?, answer: according to the database model that they support

A day after announcing the attempt on his life, Nasser established a new provisional constitution proclaiming a 600-member National Assembly (400 from Egypt and 200 from Syria) and the dissolution of all political parties. Nasser gave each of the provinces two vice-presidents: Boghdadi and Amer in Egypt, and Sabri al-Asali and Akram al-Hawrani in Syria. Nasser then left for Moscow to meet with Nikita Khrushchev. At the meeting, Khrushchev pressed Nasser to lift the ban on the Communist Party, but Nasser refused, stating it was an internal matter which was not a subject of discussion with outside powers. Khrushchev was reportedly taken aback and denied he had meant to interfere in the UAR's affairs. The matter was settled as both leaders sought to prevent a rift between their two countries.

question: How many members were in the National Assembly?, answer: 600 | question: How many members of the National Assembly were from Egypt?, answer: 400 | question: What Soviet leader did Nasser spar with?, answer: Khrushchev | question: What did Khrushchev want Nasser to remove the ban on?, answer: Communist Party | question: Who were the two National Assembly vice-presidents in Egypt?, answer: Boghdadi and Amer

A dearth of field observations limit our knowledge, but intraspecific conflicts are known to sometimes result in injury or death. The screamers (Anhimidae), some jacanas (Jacana, Hydrophasianus), the spur-winged goose (Plectropterus), the torrent duck (Merganetta) and nine species of lapwing (Vanellus) use a sharp spur on the wing as a weapon. The steamer ducks (Tachyeres), geese and swans (Anserinae), the solitaire (Pezophaps), sheathbills (Chionis), some guans (Crax) and stone curlews (Burhinus) use a bony knob on the alular metacarpal to punch and hammer opponents. The jacanas Actophilornis and Irediparra have an expanded, blade-like radius. The extinct Xenicibis was unique in having an elongate forelimb and massive hand which likely functioned in combat or defence as a jointed club or flail. Swans, for instance, may strike with the bony spurs and bite when defending eggs or young.

question: What is known to sometimes result in injury or death?, answer: intraspecific conflicts | question: What is another name for steamer ducks?, answer: Tachyeres | question: What is another name for Anhimidae?, answer: screamers | question: What do stone curlews use to punch and hammer opponents?, answer: bony knob on the alular metacarpal

A decade into co-education, rampant student assault and harassment by faculty became the impetus for the trailblazing lawsuit Alexander v. Yale. While unsuccessful in the courts, the legal reasoning behind the case changed the landscape of sex discrimination law and resulted in the establishment of Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center. In March 2011 a Title IX complaint was filed against Yale by students and recent graduates, including editors of Yale's feminist magazine Broad Recognition, alleging that the university had a hostile sexual climate. In response, the university formed a Title IX steering committee to address complaints of sexual misconduct.

question: What led to Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center?, answer: Alexander v. Yale | question: When was a Title IX complaint filed against Yale?, answer: March 2011 | question: What was the name of the magazine of which multiple editors were involved in the Title IX complaint?, answer: Broad Recognition | question: What was the complaint of the editors of Broad Recognition?, answer: the university had a hostile sexual climate | question: What did Yale do about the Title IX complaint?, answer: formed a Title IX steering committee to address complaints of sexual misconduct

A defect in the human homologue of the Drosophila "period" gene was identified as a cause of the sleep disorder FASPS (Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome), underscoring the conserved nature of the molecular circadian clock through evolution. Many more genetic components of the biological clock are now known. Their interactions result in an interlocked feedback loop of gene products resulting in periodic fluctuations that the cells of the body interpret as a specific time of the day.[citation needed]

question: What is the Drosophila gene the cause of?, answer: sleep disorder FASPS | question: What is the Drosophila gene also known as?, answer: period | question: What is Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome?, answer: FASPS | question: What kind of clock have genetic functions?, answer: biological clock | question: What does the body interpret from the gene feedback loop?, answer: time of the day

A dense wave of smog began in the Central and Eastern part of China on 2 December 2013 across a distance of around 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of smog over the region. The heavy smog heavily polluted central and southern Jiangsu Province, especially in and around Nanjing, with its AQI pollution Index at "severely polluted" for five straight days and "heavily polluted" for nine. On 3 December 2013, levels of PM2.5 particulate matter average over 943 micrograms per cubic metre, falling to over 338 micrograms per cubic metre on 4 December 2013. Between 3:00 pm, 3 December and 2:00pm, 4 December local time, several expressways from Nanjing to other Jiangsu cities were closed, stranding dozens of passenger buses in Zhongyangmen bus station. From 5 to 6 December, Nanjing issued a red alert for air pollution and closed down all kindergarten through middle schools. Children's Hospital outpatient services increased by 33 percent; general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections significantly increased. The smog dissipated 12 December. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in North China region. Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO2) towards China's east coast.

question: When did a thick wave of smog first appear in Central and Eastern China?, answer: 2 December 2013 | question: How long was Nanjing ranked as "severely polluted" during this wave?, answer: five straight days | question: On what days did Nanjing have to issue a Red Alert because of the severe air pollution?, answer: From 5 to 6 December

A desire to be closer to the urban scene has also attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as Grosse Pointe and Royal Oak, Detroit. Detroit's proximity to Windsor, Ontario, provides for views and nightlife, along with Ontario's minimum drinking age of 19. A 2011 study by Walk Score recognized Detroit for its above average walkability among large U.S. cities. About two-thirds of suburban residents occasionally dine and attend cultural events or take in professional games in the city of Detroit.

question: Which city has a lower than usual drinking age?, answer: Windsor, Ontario | question: How many suburban residents take in Detroit's entertainment options?, answer: two-thirds | question: Who conducted a study about Detroit's walk-ability?, answer: Walk Score

A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.

question: What features describe Estonia as a developed nation?, answer: high-income economy and high living standards | question: What standard of living does Estonia rank well in?, answer: the Human Development Index | question: What country performs well in evaluation of economic freedom, civil liberties, and education?, answer: Estonia | question: What year did Estonia rank third in press freedom?, answer: 2012 | question: What financial institution is associated with Estonia?, answer: the Nordic Investment Bank

A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are characterized by differences in lexicon (vocabulary); slang; patois; pidgins; and argots.

question: Along with grammar and pronunciation, what distinguishes a dialect?, answer: vocabulary | question: If only the pronunciation differs from the standard language, what term is sometimes used?, answer: accent | question: What term is sometimes used for dialects that only differ in vocabulary?, answer: jargons | question: Along with slangs, patois and pidgins, what is another type of smiilar speech variety?, answer: argots

A different format, CD-4 (not to be confused with compact disc), by RCA, encoded the front-rear difference information on an ultrasonic carrier, which required a special wideband cartridge to capture it on carefully calibrated pickup arm/turntable combinations. CD-4 was even less successful than the two matrixed formats. (A further problem was that no cutting heads were available that could handle the HF information. That was remedied by cutting at half the speed. Later, the special half-speed cutting heads and equalization techniques were employed to get a wider frequency response in stereo with reduced distortion and greater headroom.)

question: What was a major issue with CD-4 technology?, answer: no cutting heads were available that could handle the HF information | question: How widespread was the success of CD-4 format?, answer: even less successful than the two matrixed formats | question: What format was less successful than quadraphonic?, answer: CD-4 | question: What were potential benefits of the CD-4 format?, answer: reduced distortion and greater headroom | question: Who created the CD-4 format?, answer: RCA

A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, "Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity", the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out. It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time. The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today.

question: Why did the Grand Orient de France conclude that Freemasonry shouldn't require religious belief?, answer: Freemasonry was not a religion | question: What was removed from the Freemasonry constitution?, answer: existence of God and the immortality of the soul | question: Who withdrew recognition from the Grand Orient de France?, answer: United Grand Lodge of England | question: What was a possible condition that made the United Grand Lodge of England withdraw it's recognition of the Grand Orient de France?, answer: political tension between France and Britain | question: How was the belief of the existance of God and the immortal soul replaced in the constitution?, answer: Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity | question: What year was it ruled that Freemasonry was not a religion?, answer: 1875 | question: What Grand Lodge had a withdrawal of recognition by the United Grand Lodge of England?, answer: Grand Orient of France | question: What was a motivation of the Grand Lodge of England's objection?, answer: political tension between France and Britain | question: Who disputed the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils?, answer: Grand Orient de France

A distinct Greek political identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, so that when the empire was revived in 1261, it became in many ways a Greek national state. That new notion of nationhood engendered a deep interest in the classical past culminating in the ideas of the Neoplatonist philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity. However, it was the combination of Orthodox Christianity with a specifically Greek identity that shaped the Greeks' notion of themselves in the empire's twilight years. The interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity, which was reinforced in the late Medieval and Ottoman Greeks' links with their fellow Orthodox Christians in the Russian Empire. These were further strengthened following the fall of the Empire of Trebizond in 1461, after which and until the second Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29 hundreds of thousands of Pontic Greeks fled or migrated from the Pontic Alps and Armenian Highlands to southern Russia and the Russian South Caucasus (see also Greeks in Russia, Greeks in Armenia, Greeks in Georgia, and Caucasian Greeks).

question: What caused the resurface of the Grecian monotony in politics ?, answer: the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 | question: When did the nation reestablish itself ?, answer: empire was revived in 1261 | question: What was the specialty of great Pietho and what is famous for ?, answer: philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity. | question: What was bolstered by the the final downward spiral of the Empire of Trebizond ?, answer: interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity | question: Which factoring war was on gong in 1828 and shares the of a previous scuttle ? ?, answer: second Russo-Turkish War

A distinction can be made between emotional episodes and emotional dispositions. Emotional dispositions are also comparable to character traits, where someone may be said to be generally disposed to experience certain emotions. For example, an irritable person is generally disposed to feel irritation more easily or quickly than others do. Finally, some theorists place emotions within a more general category of "affective states" where affective states can also include emotion-related phenomena such as pleasure and pain, motivational states (for example, hunger or curiosity), moods, dispositions and traits.

question: What are emotional episodes defined in contrast to?, answer: emotional dispositions | question: What other traits are emotional dispositions similar to?, answer: character traits | question: What category is defined to contain pleasure, pain, motivation, moods and dispositions?, answer: affective states

A distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric. Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim as per their accession or state-hood deals. Also one more aspect of Indian federalism is system of President's Rule in which the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months when no party can form a government in the state or there is violent disturbance in the state.

question: What is a distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism?, answer: asymmetric | question: What does Article 370 say?, answer: special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession | question: What does Article 371 say?, answer: special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim | question: What happens with President's Rule?, answer: the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months

A district of Himachal Pradesh is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service and other Himachal state services. Each district is subdivided into Sub-Divisions, governed by a sub-divisional magistrate, and again into Blocks. Blocks consists of panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities. A Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials.

question: Who heads the Himachal Pradesh?, answer: Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate | question: Who maintains law and order?, answer: Superintendent of Police | question: Who assists the Superintendent of Police?, answer: the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials.

A diverse range of indigenous cultures exist in Myanmar, the majority culture is primarily Buddhist and Bamar. Bamar culture has been influenced by the cultures of neighbouring countries. This is manifested in its language, cuisine, music, dance and theatre. The arts, particularly literature, have historically been influenced by the local form of Theravada Buddhism. Considered the national epic of Myanmar, the Yama Zatdaw, an adaptation of India's Ramayana, has been influenced greatly by Thai, Mon, and Indian versions of the play. Buddhism is practised along with nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to propitiate one from a pantheon of 37 nats.

question: What are the pervasive culture that is sanctioned in Burma ?, answer: the majority culture is primarily Buddhist and Bamar. | question: Have these cultures developed on there own over time ?, answer: Bamar culture has been influenced by the cultures of neighbouring countries | question: What type of effect did Theravada Buddhism.have on Bamar?, answer: The arts, particularly literature, have historically been influenced by the local form of Theravada Buddhism | question: What is the connection between an insect that has devotional following and Buddhism ?, answer: Buddhism is practised along with nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to propitiate one from a pantheon of 37 nats.

A dramatic example of the effect of food processing on a population's health is the history of epidemics of beri-beri in people subsisting on polished rice. Removing the outer layer of rice by polishing it removes with it the essential vitamin thiamine, causing beri-beri. Another example is the development of scurvy among infants in the late 19th century in the United States. It turned out that the vast majority of sufferers were being fed milk that had been heat-treated (as suggested by Pasteur) to control bacterial disease. Pasteurisation was effective against bacteria, but it destroyed the vitamin C.

question: What did people who became ill with beri-beri have as their main food source?, answer: polished rice | question: What vitamin is removed during the polishing of rice?, answer: thiamine | question: Which disease became prevalent among infants in the United States as an effect of processed foods?, answer: scurvy | question: What treatment did the milk that was fed to infants undergo to control bacterial disease?, answer: Pasteurisation | question: What was destroyed during the pasteurisation of the milk?, answer: vitamin C

A elevator of this kind uses a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft" to move the cab upwards and closes the valve in order to keep the cab at the same level. a diaphragm or a piston is used as a "brake" if there's a sudden increase in pressure avove the cab. however, to go down, it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft", allowing the cab to go down by its own weight. this also means that in case of a power failure, the cab will automatically go down. the "shaft" is made of acrilic, is always round, due to the shape of the vacuum pump turbine. in order to keep the air inside of the cab, rubber seals are used. due to technical limitations, these elevators have a low capacity. they usually allow 1-3 passengers and up to 525 lbs.

question: What does this type of elevator use to propel the cage?, answer: a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft" | question: For sudden surges in pressure above the cab, what is used as a "brake"?, answer: a diaphragm or a piston | question: How does it enable the cab to go down by it's own weight?, answer: it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft" | question: What is the shaft made of?, answer: acrilic | question: How much weight is permitted on a low capacity elevator?, answer: up to 525 lbs

A famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran, is a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history. Amir Arsalan was also a popular mythical Persian story, which has influenced some modern works of fantasy fiction, such as The Heroic Legend of Arslan.

question: Layla and Majnun is an example of what kind of poetry?, answer: Arabic poetry and Persian poetry | question: Which era is Layla and Majnun from?, answer: Umayyad era | question: In what century does Layla and Majnun originate?, answer: 7th century | question: What kind of story is told in Shahnameh?, answer: a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history | question: Who wrote Shahnameh?, answer: Ferdowsi

A famous example of Spielberg working with the same professionals is his long-time collaboration with John Williams and the use of his musical scores in all of his films since The Sugarland Express (except Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie). One of Spielberg's trademarks is his use of music by Williams to add to the visual impact of his scenes and to try and create a lasting picture and sound of the film in the memories of the film audience. These visual scenes often uses images of the sun (e.g. Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, the final scene of Jurassic Park, and the end credits of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (where they ride into the sunset)), of which the last two feature a Williams score at that end scene. Spielberg is a contemporary of filmmakers George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma, collectively known as the "Movie Brats". Aside from his principal role as a director, Spielberg has acted as a producer for a considerable number of films, including early hits for Joe Dante and Robert Zemeckis. Spielberg has often never worked with the same screenwriter in his films, beside Tony Kushner and David Koepp, who have written a few of his films more than once.

question: What are the only Spielberg films since Sugarland Express to not have music by John Williams?, answer: Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie | question: What happens at the end of 'Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'?, answer: they ride into the sunset | question: Who are the 'Movie Brats', besides Spielberg?, answer: George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma | question: Who are the only screenwriters Spielberg has worked with on more than one film?, answer: Tony Kushner and David Koepp

A fervent follower of the absolutist cause, Elío had played an important role in the repression of the supporters of the Constitution of 1812. For this, he was arrested in 1820 and executed in 1822 by garroting. Conflict between absolutists and liberals continued, and in the period of conservative rule called the Ominous Decade (1823–1833), which followed the Trienio Liberal, there was ruthless repression by government forces and the Catholic Inquisition. The last victim of the Inquisition was Gaietà Ripoli, a teacher accused of being a deist and a Mason who was hanged in Valencia in 1824.

question: Who helped repress the supporters of the Constitution and was later executed for it?, answer: Elío | question: When was Elio killed?, answer: 1822 | question: How was Elio executed?, answer: by garroting | question: What are the years from 1823-1833 called?, answer: Ominous Decade | question: Who was the last person killed by the Inquisition?, answer: Gaietà Ripoli

A few centuries later, coinciding with the first waves of the invading Germanic peoples (Suevi, Vandals and Alans, and later the Visigoths) and the power vacuum left by the demise of the Roman imperial administration, the church assumed the reins of power in the city and replaced the old Roman temples with religious buildings. With the Byzantine invasion of the southwestern Iberian peninsula in 554 the city acquired strategic importance. After the expulsion of the Byzantines in 625, Visigothic military contingents were posted there and the ancient Roman amphitheatre was fortified. Little is known of its history for nearly a hundred years; although this period is only scarcely documented by archeology, excavations suggest that there was little development of the city. During Visigothic times Valencia was an episcopal See of the Catholic Church, albeit a suffragan diocese subordinate to the archdiocese of Toledo, comprising the ancient Roman province of Carthaginensis in Hispania.

question: When did the Byzantines invade the Iberian peninsula?, answer: 554 | question: When were the Byzantines expelled?, answer: 625 | question: What archdiocese was Valencia under during the time of the Visigoths?, answer: Toledo | question: Who took power in Valencia after the Roman administration was gone?, answer: the church | question: After the Byzantines left, who was stationed in Valencia?, answer: Visigothic military contingents

A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by Wang Jingwei was established in Nanjing as a rival to Chiang Kai-shek's government in Chongqing. In 1946, after the Surrender of Japan, the KMT relocated its central government back to Nanjing.

question: When was the National Government of China moved to Chungking?, answer: A few days before the fall of the city | question: When was the Nanjing Regime established?, answer: 1940 | question: Who was the leader of the Nanjing Regime?, answer: Wang Jingwei | question: When did the KMT move back to Nanjing?, answer: 1946 | question: What was another name for the Nanjing Regime?, answer: "Reorganized National Government of China"

A few glaciers have periods of very rapid advancement called surges. These glaciers exhibit normal movement until suddenly they accelerate, then return to their previous state. During these surges, the glacier may reach velocities far greater than normal speed. These surges may be caused by failure of the underlying bedrock, the pooling of meltwater at the base of the glacier — perhaps delivered from a supraglacial lake — or the simple accumulation of mass beyond a critical "tipping point". Temporary rates up to 90 m (300 ft) per day have occurred when increased temperature or overlying pressure caused bottom ice to melt and water to accumulate beneath a glacier.

question: What is a glacial surge?, answer: periods of very rapid advancement | question: What failure causes surges?, answer: failure of the underlying bedrock | question: At what rate have glaciers travelled during surges?, answer: 90 m (300 ft) per day

A few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Bon Jovi were still able to achieve a commercial hit with "It's My Life" from their double platinum-certified album Crush (2000). and AC/DC released the platinum-certified Stiff Upper Lip (2000) Aerosmith released a number two platinum album, Just Push Play (2001), which saw the band foray further into pop with the Top 10 hit "Jaded", and a blues cover album, Honkin' on Bobo, which reached number five in 2004. Heart achieved their first Top 10 album since the early 90s with Red Velvet Car in 2010, becoming the first female-led hard rock band to earn Top 10 albums spanning five decades. There were reunions and subsequent tours from Van Halen (with Hagar in 2004 and then Roth in 2007), The Who (delayed in 2002 by the death of bassist John Entwistle until 2006) and Black Sabbath (with Osbourne 1997–2006 and Dio 2006–2010) and even a one off performance by Led Zeppelin (2007), renewing the interest in previous eras. Additionally, hard rock supergroups, such as Audioslave (with former members of Rage Against the Machine and Soundgarden) and Velvet Revolver (with former members of Guns N' Roses, punk band Wasted Youth and Stone Temple Pilots singer Scott Weiland), emerged and experienced some success. However, these bands were short-lived, ending in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The long awaited Guns N' Roses album Chinese Democracy was finally released in 2008, but only went platinum and failed to come close to the success of the band's late 1980s and early 1990s material. More successfully, AC/DC released the double platinum-certified Black Ice (2008). Bon Jovi continued to enjoy success, branching into country music with "Who Says You Can't Go Home", which reached number one on the Hot Country Singles chart in 2006, and the rock/country album Lost Highway, which reached number one in 2007. In 2009, Bon Jovi released another number one album, The Circle, which marked a return to their hard rock sound.

question: What hard rock supergroup contained members of Soundgarden and Rage Against the Machine?, answer: Audioslave | question: What was the title of Bon Jovi's 2000 hit single?, answer: "It's My Life" | question: What band released an album called Stiff Upper Lip in 2000?, answer: AC/DC | question: Who was the lead singer of Stone Temple Pilots?, answer: Scott Weiland | question: What was Guns N Roses long delayed 2008 album called?, answer: Chinese Democracy

A few insects, such as members of the families Poduridae and Onychiuridae (Collembola), Mycetophilidae (Diptera) and the beetle families Lampyridae, Phengodidae, Elateridae and Staphylinidae are bioluminescent. The most familiar group are the fireflies, beetles of the family Lampyridae. Some species are able to control this light generation to produce flashes. The function varies with some species using them to attract mates, while others use them to lure prey. Cave dwelling larvae of Arachnocampa (Mycetophilidae, Fungus gnats) glow to lure small flying insects into sticky strands of silk. Some fireflies of the genus Photuris mimic the flashing of female Photinus species to attract males of that species, which are then captured and devoured. The colors of emitted light vary from dull blue (Orfelia fultoni, Mycetophilidae) to the familiar greens and the rare reds (Phrixothrix tiemanni, Phengodidae).

question: What is another name for Colleobola?, answer: Onychiuridae | question: Mycetophilldae is another name for what?, answer: Diptera | question: Phengodidae is party of what insect family?, answer: beetle | question: Elateridae and Staphylinidae are what kind of luminescent?, answer: bioluminescent | question: What kind of fly mimics the flashing of female Photinus to attract males?, answer: fireflies

A few lines of the Paris Métro in France operate on a four-rail power scheme because they run on rubber tyres which run on a pair of narrow roadways made of steel and, in some places, concrete. Since the tyres do not conduct the return current, the two guide rails provided outside the running 'roadways' double up as conductor rails, so at least electrically it is a four-rail scheme. One of the guide rails is bonded to the return conventional running rails situated inside the roadway so a single polarity supply is required. The trains are designed to operate from either polarity of supply, because some lines use reversing loops at one end, causing the train to be reversed during every complete journey. The loop was originally provided to save the original steam locomotives having to 'run around' the rest of the train saving much time. Today, the driver does not have to change ends at termini provided with such a loop, but the time saving is not so significant as it takes almost as long to drive round the loop as it does to change ends. Many of the original loops have been lost as lines were extended.

question: Why some lines of Paris Metro have to operate on a four-rail system?, answer: rubber tyres | question: What was the solution for the return current problem in Paris Metro?, answer: two guide rails | question: What is required in order for the guide rails to operate properly?, answer: a single polarity supply | question: How train is able to turn around after each completed journey?, answer: reversing loops | question: Why was the reversing loop created?, answer: having to 'run around' the rest of the train

A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed]

question: Along with cabaret, striptease, bands and drama, what is a type of stage performance that can be found in pubs?, answer: stand-up comedy | question: Along with karaoke, what type of prerecorded music is often found in pubs?, answer: juke boxes

A few special additions enhance the language-learning experience. For example, BYU's International Cinema, featuring films in several languages, is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the country. As already noted, BYU also offers an intensive foreign language living experience, the Foreign Language Student Residence. This is an on-campus apartment complex where students commit to speak only their chosen foreign language while in their apartments. Each apartment has at least one native speaker to ensure correct language usage.

question: What is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the U.S.?, answer: BYU's International Cinema | question: What is the name of BYU's foreign language living experience?, answer: Foreign Language Student Residence | question: As part of the Foreign Language Student Residence program, what do students commit to speak while in their apartments?, answer: only their chosen foreign language | question: How many native speakers are in each apartment building in the Foreign Language Student Residence program?, answer: at least one | question: Which BYU building features films in several languages?, answer: International Cinema

A few years after its foundation, Montevideo became the main city of the region north of the Río de la Plata and east of the Uruguay River, competing with Buenos Aires for dominance in maritime commerce. The importance of Montevideo as the main port of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata brought it in confrontations with the city of Buenos Aires in various occasions, including several times when it was taken over to be used as a base to defend the eastern province of the Viceroyalty from Portuguese incursions.

question: What became the main city of the region north of the Rio de la Plata?, answer: Montevideo | question: What were Buenos Aires and Montevideo fighting for dominance over?, answer: maritime commerce | question: The importance of Montevideo as the main port of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata brought confrontations with what city?, answer: Buenos Aires

A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most were built from mercantile hulls or, in the case of merchant aircraft carriers, were bulk cargo ships with a flight deck added on top. Light aircraft carriers were carriers that were fast enough to operate with the fleet but of smaller size with reduced aircraft capacity. Soviet aircraft carriers now in use by Russia are actually called heavy aviation cruisers, these ships while sized in the range of large fleet carriers were designed to deploy alone or with escorts and provide both strong defensive weaponry and heavy offensive missiles equivalent to a guided missile cruiser in addition to supporting fighters and helicopters.

question: What type of carrier is the largest?, answer: fleet carrier | question: What capability does a fleet carrier offer?, answer: offensive | question: What purpose were excort carriers developed for?, answer: to provide defense for convoys of ships | question: What were most escort carriers built from?, answer: mercantile hulls | question: What are the soviet aircraft carriers used by Russia actually called?, answer: heavy aviation cruisers

A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.

question: What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams?, answer: quiet storm | question: What is the name of the radio format that is a mixture of urban and soft adult contemporary?, answer: quiet storm | question: At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?, answer: the evening | question: What is the typical ethnicity of artists played on quiet storm stations?, answer: Black and Latino | question: Along with Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Teena Marie, Lalah Hathaway, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue, what artist is popular on quiet storm stations?, answer: Vanessa L. Williams

A framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility.

question: Who developed the abstand and ausbau languages framework?, answer: Heinz Kloss | question: In what year was the abstand and ausbau framework developed?, answer: 1967 | question: What sort of unification in speech communities did the abstand and ausbau framework discuss?, answer: politically and/or culturally

A freight elevator, or goods lift, is an elevator designed to carry goods, rather than passengers. Freight elevators are generally required to display a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited (though not necessarily illegal), though certain freight elevators allow dual use through the use of an inconspicuous riser. In order for an elevator to be legal to carry passengers in some jurisdictions it must have a solid inner door. Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator, generally from 2,300 to 4,500 kg. Freight elevators may have manually operated doors, and often have rugged interior finishes to prevent damage while loading and unloading. Although hydraulic freight elevators exist, electric elevators are more energy efficient for the work of freight lifting.[citation needed]

question: What is another name for a freight elevator?, answer: goods lift | question: What type of notice is required to be visible in most freight elevators?, answer: a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited | question: Some freight elevators allow transport of both freight and passengers by using what?, answer: an inconspicuous riser | question: How do freight elevators differ from passenger elevators?, answer: Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator | question: What type of elevator is better suited for carrying freight?, answer: electric elevators

A fundamental part of Gaddafi's ideology was anti-Zionism. He believed that the state of Israel should not exist, and that any Arab compromise with the Israeli government was a betrayal of the Arab people. In large part due to their support of Israel, Gaddafi despised the United States, considering the country to be imperialist and lambasting it as "the embodiment of evil." Rallying against Jews in many of his speeches, his anti-Semitism has been described as "almost Hitlerian" by Blundy and Lycett. From the late 1990s onward, his view seemed to become more moderate. In 2007, he advocated the Isratin single-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, stating that "the [Israel-Palestine] solution is to establish a democratic state for the Jews and the Palestinians... This is the fundamental solution, or else the Jews will be annihilated in the future, because the Palestinians have [strategic] depth." Two years later he argued that a single-state solution would "move beyond old conflicts and look to a unified future based on shared culture and respect."

question: What country did Gaddafi refer to as "the embodiment of evil"?, answer: United States | question: How did Gaddafi believe the Israel-Palestine conflict should be resolved?, answer: Isratin single-state solution | question: Who compared Gaddafi to Hitler?, answer: Blundy and Lycett | question: What was a major factor in Gaddafi's hatred of the United States?, answer: support of Israel

A fundamental problem with software testing is that testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible, even with a simple product.:17-18 This means that the number of defects in a software product can be very large and defects that occur infrequently are difficult to find in testing. More significantly, non-functional dimensions of quality (how it is supposed to be versus what it is supposed to do)—usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability—can be highly subjective; something that constitutes sufficient value to one person may be intolerable to another.

question: What is the primary issue with running software testing?, answer: testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible | question: What types of software bugs are difficult to find during testing?, answer: defects that occur infrequently | question: What other non-functional dimensions can cause software to underperform and cause other problems?, answer: usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability

A funicular railway leads from the Marzili district to the Bundeshaus. The Marzilibahn funicular is, with a length of 106 m (348 ft), the second shortest public railway in Europe after the Zagreb funicular.

question: What connects Marzili to Bundeshaus?, answer: A funicular railway | question: How long is the Marzilibah funicular?, answer: 106 m | question: What is the second shortest public railway in Europe?, answer: Marzilibahn | question: What is the shortest public railway in Europe?, answer: Zagreb funicular

A further complication is that the measurement of γ′p involves the measurement of an electric current: this is invariably measured in conventional amperes rather than in SI amperes, so a conversion factor is required. The symbol Γ′p-90 is used for the measured gyromagnetic ratio using conventional electrical units. In addition, there are two methods of measuring the value, a "low-field" method and a "high-field" method, and the conversion factors are different in the two cases. Only the high-field value Γ′p-90(hi) is of interest in determining the Planck constant.

question: How many methods of measuring the gyromagnetic ratio are there?, answer: there are two methods of measuring the value | question: How do conversion factors compare in "low-field" and "high-field" methods of measuring the gyromagnetic ratio?, answer: the conversion factors are different in the two cases | question: Which method is of interest in determining the Planck constant?, answer: Only the high-field value Γ′p-90(hi) is of interest in determining the Planck constant | question: Why is the measurement of electric current an issue in the estimate of the gyromagnetic ratio?, answer: electric current: this is invariably measured in conventional amperes rather than in SI amperes

A further limitation of the gramophone record is that fidelity steadily declines as playback progresses; there is more vinyl per second available for fine reproduction of high frequencies at the large-diameter beginning of the groove than exist at the smaller-diameters close to the end of the side. At the start of a groove on an LP there are 510 mm of vinyl per second traveling past the stylus while the ending of the groove gives 200–210 mm of vinyl per second — less than half the linear resolution. Distortion towards the end of the side is likely to become more apparent as record wear increases.*

question: When is distortion most common on a gramophone record?, answer: Distortion towards the end of the side | question: What happens as a record wears?, answer: Distortion | question: What is a drawback of using gramophones?, answer: fidelity steadily declines as playback progresses | question: How much vinyl can be found at the start of an LP?, answer: 510 mm | question: Where can you find only 200-210mm of vinyl?, answer: ending of the groove

A further line in the directive stressed the need to inflict the heaviest losses possible, but also to intensify the air war in order to create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941. However, meteorological conditions over Britain were not favourable for flying and prevented an escalation in air operations. Airfields became water-logged and the 18 Kampfgruppen (bomber groups) of the Luftwaffe's Kampfgeschwadern (bomber wings) were relocated to Germany for rest and re-equipment.

question: What was inflicting heavy losses and increasing the air war designed to do?, answer: create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941 | question: What was preventing escalation of air operations?, answer: meteorological conditions over Britain | question: What happened to airfields?, answer: Airfields became water-logged | question: How many bomber groups were relocated to Germany?, answer: 18

A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs.

question: What two words is 'gastropub' a portanteau of?, answer: pub and gastronomy | question: In what year was the term gastropub invented?, answer: 1991 | question: Along with David Eyre, who took over the Eagle pub?, answer: Mike Belben | question: In what city is the Eagle pub located?, answer: London | question: In what area of London is the Eagle pub located?, answer: Clerkenwell

A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.

question: What is a gene?, answer: a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product | question: What is the basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits?, answer: The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring | question: What influence are most biological traits under?, answer: polygenes (many different genes) | question: What is one instantly visible genetic trait?, answer: eye colour or number of limbs | question: What is one invisible genetic trait?, answer: blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life