Svngoku/luvila-kikongo-grammar · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Mu nkia kuma kendele? Why did he go ?
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I
kuma kiki kasumbidi kio :
That is why he bought it.
I kezidi :
That is why he came.
The Particles mentioned.
Sa kenda:
He will soon go.
Sanga kavutula wo :
He will soon return it.
Ordinary Adverb preceding, and therefore in abnormal position.
Malembe kekwendanga:
He goes gently.
Malu-malu kele :
He is gone on foot.
Mbatu kekwiza:
He will come presently.
Fuku kele omu nkonda :
At night he went stalking game.
7. It is noted in this Appendix, in the Syntax, under the " Attributes of the Subject The Article," in Rule 38, that the following Adverbs of time, when preceding their Verb, and especially emphatic, take the Article; in that case they take the Prefix in O instead of that in k. The Adverbs in question are : o fuku, o mbanu, o nganu, o mbatu, o ngatu, o masika, o mbazi, o unu,e elelo.
O mbazi okwiza :
To-morrow he will come.
O fuku wele kuna evata diandi : He went by night to his town.
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He sold it to-day.
8. When an Adverbial Clause precedes its Verb for emphasis, the Prefix in k is applied, but where there is no emphasis at all, the Prefix in o is used.
He went often.
Kuna nzo kele :
He went to the house.
Vana etadi kafongele :
He sat on the stone.
Muna diambu dieto kavangidi dio:
For our sake he did it.
Muna nlungu kele vwanda :
He went and sat in the canoe.
Kuna tuyikidi kele :
He is gone to the place which we spoke of.
Kwa yeto kavene kio :
He gave it to us.
Ke lumbu kiantete ko, o Kalemba, kekungikanga vo i
makangu mandi:
It is not the first day that Kalemba is calling me his friend.
Ngika zingi kangikidi wo:
Many times he has so spoken of me.
I ndunganisa yiyi, o Nzambi, kalunganisi owu kavovele: This is the way in which God has fulfilled what He said.
No emphasis.
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Kansi muna diambu dieto ovangidi dio : But for our sake he did it.
Muna maka mambu otondele:
He was thankful for some things.
Ezaka ntangwa okwizanga :
Sometimes he comes.
Kiau kolo eki olele :
During this time he slept.
9- The Verb in a Relative Clause takes the Prefix in k.
O mfumu ozolele o kutuvana o nlele katusongele: The chief wishes to give us the cloth which he showed us.
Bakatwidi e kiandu kina kafongele o nkento: They took away the chair on which the woman sat.
I nsadisa kansadisi, o Mpukuta: This is the way in which Mpukuta helped me.
Obongele konso eki kazolele :
He took whatever he liked.
Bamvene e ntaku zina kayikidi : They gave me the brass rods which he directed.
Zina kanete ke zifwene ko :
Those which he took were insufficient.
10. After yambula, let, or its abbreviated form, mbula, the Prefix in k is employed.
Nunyambula kenda:
Let him go.
Mbula kakota:
Let him enter.
Yambula kateka dia:
Let him eat first.
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11. The following Conjunctions induce the Prefix in k:
Kasi owu: but now...!
Kimana, kinumana: so that, in order that.
Kufwila owu 0r wau...ko: although, even if.
Mpasi, mpasi owu (but not mpasi ovo): so long as, but only.
Mpasi yavana: nevertheless, all the same, even then, still, yet.
Musungula, ngâtu: nor, neither (i.e. after a negative clause).
Nanga, nangi, nangu: unless, if not, except.
O nlongo = mpasi.
Una : since, when, as, while, as or so soon as, after.
Una...una: as... so.
Vava, Ova (but not OVO) : when, after, as or so soon as.
Wau : now that, since, when, as, while, as or so soon as.
Wau kadi : now that, because.
Ovo wau : if so, in that case.
Ovo wau : if so, in that case.
WOWO...WQWO : as... so.
Yavana : until, before, so that.
The other Conjunctions (so far as they have been at present obtained) are followed by the Prefix in O.
Kufwila wau kele ko : Although he has gone.
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Mpasi kenda kaka :
So long as he goes.
So that he may come.
Kimana keza:
Una kavovele wo : When he said that.
Ova kesumba kio :

Mu nkia kuma kendele? Why did he go ?

21

I

kuma kiki kasumbidi kio :

That is why he bought it.

I kezidi :

That is why he came.

The Particles mentioned.

Sa kenda:

He will soon go.

Sanga kavutula wo :

He will soon return it.

Ordinary Adverb preceding, and therefore in abnormal position.

Malembe kekwendanga:

He goes gently.

Malu-malu kele :

He is gone on foot.

Mbatu kekwiza:

He will come presently.

Fuku kele omu nkonda :

At night he went stalking game.

7. It is noted in this Appendix, in the Syntax, under the " Attributes of the Subject The Article," in Rule 38, that the following Adverbs of time, when preceding their Verb, and especially emphatic, take the Article; in that case they take the Prefix in O instead of that in k. The Adverbs in question are : o fuku, o mbanu, o nganu, o mbatu, o ngatu, o masika, o mbazi, o unu,e elelo.

O mbazi okwiza :

To-morrow he will come.

O fuku wele kuna evata diandi : He went by night to his town.

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He sold it to-day.

8. When an Adverbial Clause precedes its Verb for emphasis, the Prefix in k is applied, but where there is no emphasis at all, the Prefix in o is used.

He went often.

Kuna nzo kele :

He went to the house.

Vana etadi kafongele :

He sat on the stone.

Muna diambu dieto kavangidi dio:

For our sake he did it.

Muna nlungu kele vwanda :

He went and sat in the canoe.

Kuna tuyikidi kele :

He is gone to the place which we spoke of.

Kwa yeto kavene kio :

He gave it to us.

Ke lumbu kiantete ko, o Kalemba, kekungikanga vo i

makangu mandi:

It is not the first day that Kalemba is calling me his friend.

Ngika zingi kangikidi wo:

Many times he has so spoken of me.

I ndunganisa yiyi, o Nzambi, kalunganisi owu kavovele: This is the way in which God has fulfilled what He said.

No emphasis.

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Kansi muna diambu dieto ovangidi dio : But for our sake he did it.

Muna maka mambu otondele:

He was thankful for some things.

Ezaka ntangwa okwizanga :

Sometimes he comes.

Kiau kolo eki olele :

During this time he slept.

9- The Verb in a Relative Clause takes the Prefix in k.

O mfumu ozolele o kutuvana o nlele katusongele: The chief wishes to give us the cloth which he showed us.

Bakatwidi e kiandu kina kafongele o nkento: They took away the chair on which the woman sat.

I nsadisa kansadisi, o Mpukuta: This is the way in which Mpukuta helped me.

Obongele konso eki kazolele :

He took whatever he liked.

Bamvene e ntaku zina kayikidi : They gave me the brass rods which he directed.

Zina kanete ke zifwene ko :

Those which he took were insufficient.

10. After yambula, let, or its abbreviated form, mbula, the Prefix in k is employed.

Nunyambula kenda:

Let him go.

Mbula kakota:

Let him enter.

Yambula kateka dia:

Let him eat first.

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11. The following Conjunctions induce the Prefix in k:

Kasi owu: but now...!

Kimana, kinumana: so that, in order that.

Kufwila owu 0r wau...ko: although, even if.

Mpasi, mpasi owu (but not mpasi ovo): so long as, but only.

Mpasi yavana: nevertheless, all the same, even then, still, yet.

Musungula, ngâtu: nor, neither (i.e. after a negative clause).

Nanga, nangi, nangu: unless, if not, except.

O nlongo = mpasi.

Una : since, when, as, while, as or so soon as, after.

Una...una: as... so.

Vava, Ova (but not OVO) : when, after, as or so soon as.

Wau : now that, since, when, as, while, as or so soon as.

Wau kadi : now that, because.

Ovo wau : if so, in that case.

WOWO...WQWO : as... so.

Yavana : until, before, so that.

The other Conjunctions (so far as they have been at present obtained) are followed by the Prefix in O.

Kufwila wau kele ko : Although he has gone.

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Mpasi kenda kaka :

So long as he goes.

So that he may come.

Kimana keza:

Una kavovele wo : When he said that.

Ova kesumba kio :