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1AC

Method

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

1

Deliberation: Governmentality should be used as a heuristic, not as a description. We can effectively advocate for policy reforms without identifying with the existing state. Arguing that the state is a bad actor in all circumstances overgeneralizes and stifles political agency. Instead of totalizing rejection, we should assess the practical effects of particular policies in specific contexts.

Laura Zanotti 13, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World”, originally published online 30 December, Sage

Zanotti 13

1AC – Impaired Driving

1AC

Method

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

Advantage 1 is global health

We aren't the state but political simulation is pedagogically valuable–any alternative inverts the error.

Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14

Valley Doubles Aff

1AC

Method

The state as a heuristic provides valuable education which avoids oversimplification and bolsters resistance.

Zanotti ’14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ’14

Government-as-heuristic is not an abstraction, but rather provides a means of understanding the state and breaking it down.

Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14

1

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist – it’s key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

1AC

Method

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

Method

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

1AC – Campaign Finance

1AC

Method

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

Quarters Aff—Niko

1AC

Part 3: Method

The state as a heuristic provides valuable resistance strategies and doesn’t collapse into oversimplification.

Zanotti ’14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ’14

Case

1NC Alt Worse

Debating and researching government policy does not entrench a universal subject, but refusal on those grounds ironically does

Zanotti, 13 [Laura, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World”, originally published online 30 December 2013, DOI: 10.1177/0304375413512098, P. Sage Publications]

Zanotti, 13

1AC

1AC – Lex R6

Method

The state as a heuristic provides valuable education which avoids oversimplification and bolsters resistance.

Zanotti 14 [Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database]

Zanotti 14

1AC

Method

We use the state as a heuristic means we learn about it without being it. Our framework teaches contingent, but engaged, middle grounds and opens a space for critique and constructive engagement.

Zanotti ‘14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech.  Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013 )

Zanotti ‘14

Method

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

Underview

Our heuristic means we learn about the State without being it. It won’t inculcate dominant norms or invert the error. Our framework teaches contingent, but engaged, middle grounds. No State pessimism bias or optimism bias for extreme Alts.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech.  Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

JF20 – AC – Cyber Terror

Method Underview

[4] Working within the state functions to expose hidden oppression and to fully understand the state – we’re a prerequisite to the kritik.

Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of PoliSci, Virginia Tech. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World.” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 38, p. 288-304. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – the stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013.

Zanotti 14

1AC

Method

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

1AC

Deportations AC

Method

The state as a heuristic provides valuable education which avoids oversimplification and bolsters resistance.

Zanotti 14 [Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database]

Zanotti 14

1ar

Hope can be a valuable individual strategy, but using it as a totalizing political strategy is worse

Laura Zanotti, Ph.D., Virginia Tech, ’13

Zanotti ’13

Valley Octas Aff

1AC

Method

The state as a heuristic provides valuable education which avoids oversimplification and bolsters resistance.

Zanotti ’14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ’14

Underview

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

1AC

Method

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

1AC

K

AT: Pan K

The aff’s use of legal solutions as a heuristic recodes hegemonic conceptions of agency and articulates power as a contingently created system that can be infiltrated and changed - the negative fails to capture any of the dialogic benefits of our methodology

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

1ac Round 2 Coast vs Wake HV

1AC – Cal Round 2

1AC – Framing

Using governmentality as a heuristic helps create new spaces for political agency – that’s critical to effective resistance against the state

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304)

Zanotti 14

1AC – Contention

[3] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

Rawls 1AC

Contention one: Protection for Workers

The unconditional right to strike protects both a worker’s ownership of their own labor and protects the worker’s freedom from forced labour. PhD professor Richard Croucher et al. explains in 2012: Croucher, Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-734X, Kelly, Mark G. E. and Miles, Lilian ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7224-757X (2012) A Rawlsian basis for core labour rights. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 33 (2) . pp. 297-320. ISSN 1095-6654

The unconditional right to strike protects both a worker’s ownership of their own labor and protects the worker’s freedom from forced labour. PhD professor Richard Croucher et al. explains in 2012:

Strake RR R4

AC

Underview

We need to embrace the state as a heuristic—our argument is not that the state is good but that learning the levers of power is key to confronting it.

Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14

1AC - Rodriguez

Part 1 is the Framing

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

AC – UH R3 – A2

Miscalculation ADV :

Underview

[1] Working within the state functions to expose hidden oppression and to fully understand the state – we’re a prerequisite to the kritik.

Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of PoliSci, Virginia Tech. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World.” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 38, p. 288-304. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – the stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013.

Zanotti 14

Contention

1] Intuitively working is a choice – no right to strike would hinder that intuition through slavery.

Croucher et al., 12 (Richard Croucher, Mark G. E. Kelly, and Lilian Miles, *Professor of Comparative Employment Relations and Director of Research at Middlesex University Business School, **Associate Professor and ARC Future Fellow in the School of Humanities and Communication Arts at Western Sydney University in Australia, ***Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy at University of Westminster, January 2012, accessed on 10-11-2021, Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236873894_A_Rawlsian_basis_for_core_labor_rights) //D.Ying

Croucher et al., 12

1AC – Contention

[3] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

1AC

1AC Round 2

1AC – Solvency

Using governmentality as a heuristic helps create new spaces for political agency – that’s critical to effective resistance against the state

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304)

Zanotti 14

1AC (UV at Bottom)

Offense

[2] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

1ac

Framing

We aren’t the state but using the state as a heuristic tool is beneficial – anything else inverts the error and abandons governmental and policy research which is worse

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database)

Zanotti 14

1ac Cal Round 4 vs Emory DP

1AC – Framing

Using governmentality as a heuristic helps create new spaces for political agency – that’s critical to effective resistance against the state

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304)

Zanotti 14

1AC – Drunk Drivers

1AC

Underview

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

Rawls AFF

Contention one: Protection for Workers

My first contention is that the unconditional right to strike protects both a worker’s ownership of their own labor and protects the worker’s freedom from forced labour. PhD professor Richard Croucher et al. explains in 2012: Croucher, Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-734X, Kelly, Mark G. E. and Miles, Lilian ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7224-757X (2012) A Rawlsian basis for core labour rights. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 33 (2) . pp. 297-320. ISSN 1095-6654

My first contention is that the unconditional right to strike protects both a worker’s ownership of their own labor and protects the worker’s freedom from forced labour. PhD professor Richard Croucher et al. explains in 2012:

1ac Cal Round 6 vs Wake EF

1AC – Framing

Using governmentality as a heuristic helps create new spaces for political agency – that’s critical to effective resistance against the state

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304)

Zanotti 14

[3] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

Offense

[2] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

1AC – TFA R3

Method

The state as a heuristic provides valuable education which avoids oversimplification and bolsters resistance.

Zanotti 14 [Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database]

Zanotti 14

Underview

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

1AC

Framing

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

Framing

Government-as-heuristic is not an abstraction, but rather provides a means of understanding the state and breaking it down – also functions as a net benefit to perms.

Zanotti 14: Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14:

1ac

Framing

We aren’t the state but using the state as a heuristic tool is beneficial – anything else inverts the error and abandons governmental and policy research which is worse

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database)

Zanotti 14

1AC – Contention

[3] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

1ac

Solvency

Our heuristic means we learn about the State without being it. It won’t inculcate dominant norms or invert the error. Our framework teaches contingent, but engaged, middle grounds. No State pessimism bias or optimism bias for extreme Alts.

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

1AC (UV at Bottom)

Offense

[2] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

Newman Semis

1AC

Method

The state as a heuristic provides valuable education which avoids oversimplification and bolsters resistance.

Zanotti ’14 [Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database]

Zanotti ’14

1AC - Rodriguez

Part 1 is the Framing

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

2AC

K

We aren’t the state but using the state as a heuristic tool is beneficial – anything else inverts the error and abandons governmental and policy research which is worse

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database)

Zanotti 14

2AC

K

Solvency

We aren’t the state but using the state as a heuristic tool is beneficial – anything else inverts the error and abandons governmental and policy research which is worse

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database)

Zanotti 14

1AC

Underview

Our heuristic means we learn about the State without being it. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

Individuals are either egoistic, or altruistic. Only legislating for the worst off accounts for both these possibilities a. either they want to protect their own asses from being screwed in the event they are the worst off b. they altruistically want to help those who are the worst off even if they’re not in that position. Prefer this because it solves back the only relevant variables whereas their interp assumes one of these to be correct and the other wrong.

Now affirm.

Aff doc Round 3 Rutgers Rochester PM

2AC

AT: Roleplaying bad on case

Our framework is to use the state as a heuristic—that allows for solution-oriented concrete action and spills over to create political engagement without reifying oppression

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database)

Zanotti 14

1AC – Contention

[2] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

Offense

[2] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

1AC r2

Offense

[4] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

1AC – TFA R1

Method

The state as a heuristic provides valuable education which avoids oversimplification and bolsters resistance.

Zanotti 14 [Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database]

Animal-Centeredness

Part 4: Method

The aff uses the state as a heuristic – even if it’s bad we need to learn to fight it.

Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech.  Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4): p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14

Underview 2

Advantage 3

The aff uses state as a heuristic which doesn’t affirm its legitimacy but allows enhanced governmental resistance.

Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti (Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech) “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database

Zanotti 14

Rawls AFF

Contention one: Protection for Workers

My first contention is that the unconditional right to strike protects both a worker’s ownership of their own labor and protects the worker’s freedom from forced labour. PhD professor Richard Croucher et al. explains in 2012: Croucher, Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-734X, Kelly, Mark G. E. and Miles, Lilian ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7224-757X (2012) A Rawlsian basis for core labour rights. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 33 (2) . pp. 297-320. ISSN 1095-6654

My first contention is that the unconditional right to strike protects both a worker’s ownership of their own labor and protects the worker’s freedom from forced labour. PhD professor Richard Croucher et al. explains in 2012:

1AC

Underview

We need to embrace the state as a heuristic—our argument is not that the state is good but that learning the levers of power is key to confronting it.

Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14

1ac

framing

Our heuristic means we learn about the State without being it. It won’t entrench dominant norms BUT WE ALSO don’t’ invert the error and NEVER learn about them. Our framework teaches contingent, but engaged, middle grounds

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

1AC – Contention

[3] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

AFF

Contention one: Protection for Workers

The unconditional right to strike protects both a worker’s ownership of their own labor and protects the worker’s freedom from forced labour. PhD professor Richard Croucher et al. explains in 2012: Croucher, Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-734X, Kelly, Mark G. E. and Miles, Lilian ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7224-757X (2012) A Rawlsian basis for core labour rights. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 33 (2) . pp. 297-320. ISSN 1095-6654

The unconditional right to strike protects both a worker’s ownership of their own labor and protects the worker’s freedom from forced labour. PhD professor Richard Croucher et al. explains in 2012:

1NC

T

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

Underview

Solvency

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

1ac

Solvency

Our heuristic means we learn about the State without being it. It won’t entrench dominant norms BUT WE ALSO don’t’ invert the error and NEVER learn about them. Our framework teaches contingent, but engaged, middle grounds

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

1AC (K Version)

Framing

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

Contention

1] Intuitively working is a choice – no right to strike would hinder that intuition through slavery.

Croucher et al., 12 (Richard Croucher, Mark G. E. Kelly, and Lilian Miles, *Professor of Comparative Employment Relations and Director of Research at Middlesex University Business School, **Associate Professor and ARC Future Fellow in the School of Humanities and Communication Arts at Western Sydney University in Australia, ***Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy at University of Westminster, January 2012, accessed on 10-11-2021, Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236873894_A_Rawlsian_basis_for_core_labor_rights) //D.Ying

Croucher et al., 12

Case

Simulation is good – state heuristic is valuable

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

1AC – Contention

[3] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

Underview

Solvency

Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.

Case

Their avoidance of the state, or coming up with a cohesive politics for a free state, neglects the heuristical model of governmentality which is essential for activism

Zanotti '14 [Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance."Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World" – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated "Version of Record" is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti '14

1NC – tfa state – round five

case

1NC – case

Our methodology is to utilize the state as a heuristic – only that pedagogy allows us to understand the analytical tools of government

Zanotti ’14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database. )

Zanotti ’14

1ac

Framing

We aren’t the state but using the state as a heuristic tool is beneficial – anything else inverts the error and abandons governmental and policy research which is worse

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database)

Zanotti 14

1AC – Advantage

Advantage 2 – Work Conditions

The right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – without it, it would force workers to work against their will.

Croucher 11 Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

Croucher 11

1AC – Contention

[2] Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:

Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks

Case

Simulation is good – state heuristic is valuable

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

General:

Framework:

Only actions have intrinsic value and demonstrate motivations – meaning is produced internally and externally through our will. Denying our responsibility is a product of inauthenticity which inevitably results in bad faith.

Crowell ‘04, Steven, 8-23-2004, "Existentialism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/existentialism//AHS PB

Crowell ‘04,

Case

Their avoidance of the state, or coming up with a cohesive politics for a free state, neglects the heuristical model of governmentality which is essential for activism

Zanotti '14 [Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance."Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World" – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated "Version of Record" is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti '14

Case

Simulation is good – state heuristic is valuable

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

Case

Their avoidance of the state, or coming up with a cohesive politics for a free state, neglects the heuristical model of governmentality which is essential for activism

Zanotti '14 [Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance."Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World" – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated "Version of Record" is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti '14

R2 AC

Framework

Our existence is existential—meaning is created internally and externally produced through our will.

Crowell ‘04, Steven, 8-23-2004, "Existentialism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/existentialism/

Crowell ‘04

Case

Simulation is good – state heuristic is valuable

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

1NR

Case

2NC—NB

resistance within governmentality is not only possible but creates agency via reflexivity

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304)

Zanotti 14 (Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304)

Plan

Contention 3: Framing

Second, our heuristic means we learn about the State without being it. It won’t entrench dominant norms BUT WE ALSO don’t’ invert the error and NEVER learn about them.

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

R5 Dowling

2AC

K

The aff’s use of legal solutions as a heuristic recodes hegemonic conceptions of agency and articulates power as a contingently created system that can be infiltrated and changed - the negative fails to capture any of the dialogic benefits of our methodology

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

solvency

Advocating contingent action within the government is valuable

Zanotti ’14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ’14

NC

NC

Existence precedes ethics so our roles are individually defined—that justifies existentialism.

Crowell ‘04, Steven, 8-23-2004, "Existentialism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," No Publication, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/existentialism/ // AHS RG

Crowell ‘04

2AC

Politics DA

2AC DA – BBB

6 – Winners win

Mascaro 21 [Lisa, Congressional correspondent for the Associated Press, with Kevin Freking, 4/29. “Water bill may open spigot for Biden infrastructure plan.” https://apnews.com/article/business-bills-government-and-politics-dc3d654f1502085300684435af03e90f]

Mascaro 21

1AC

Framing

Debating about government policies is a valuable heuristic — we can learn about the state without being it. Their radical framework eliminates the potential for political agency and oversimplifies complex, contingent relationships. Instead of rejecting government policies in general, we should analyze particular policies.

Zanotti 13 — Laura Zanotti, Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech, holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from Florida International University, 2013 (“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World,” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 299-300) Conclusion In this article, I have argued that, notwithstanding their critical stance, scholars who use governmentality as a descriptive tool remain rooted in substantialist ontologies that see power and subjects as standing in a relation of externality. They also downplay processes of coconstitution and the importance of indeterminacy and ambiguity as the very space where political agency can thrive. In this [end page 299] way, they drastically limit the possibility for imagining political agency outside the liberal straightjacket. They represent international liberal biopolitical and governmental power as a homogenous and totalizing formation whose scripts effectively oppress ‘‘subjects,’’ that are in turn imagined as free ‘‘by nature.’’ Transformations of power modalities through multifarious tactics of hybridization and redescriptions are not considered as options. The complexity of politics is reduced to homogenizing and/or romanticizing narratives and political engagements are reduced to total heroic rejections or to revolutionary moments. By questioning substantialist representations of power and subjects, inquiries on the possibilities of political agency are reframed in a way that focuses on power and subjects’ relational character and the contingent processes of their (trans)formation in the context of agonic relations. Options for resistance to governmental scripts a

Zanotti 13 , Volume 38, Issue 4, November, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via SAGE Publications Online, p. 299-300)

2NC

Relations

Relations

NPT collapse inevitable---modernization

ICAN 18 “New research: 35 states are sabotaging the NPT” The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) is a coalition of non-governmental organizations in one hundred countries promoting adherence to and implementation of the United Nations nuclear weapon ban treaty, April 23, 2018, http://www.icanw.org/campaign-news/new-research-35-states-are-sabotaging-the-npt/

ICAN 18

UGA FB

2NC War on Drugs

2NC Opium

Drug trade is high now and opium causes instability

CSM 14 [By Anna Mulrine, Staff writer JANUARY 20, 2014; “Resurgent Afghanistan drug trade threatening US goals, Pentagon warns”; http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Military/2014/0120/Resurgent-Afghanistan-drug-trade-threatening-US-goals-Pentagon-warns]

CSM 14

1AC

Advantage

The plan is a heuristic for understanding how legal solutions can unravel hegemonic conceptions of agency and allow contingent remaking of practices

Laura Zanotti 13, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World”, originally published online 30 December, Sage

Zanotti 13

1NC

Case

you should prefer a methodology which utilizes the state as a heuristic – only that pedagogy allows us to understand the analytical tools of government – this is distinct from hoping for something that the government will never do.

Zanotti ‘14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti ‘14

AC – Glenbrooks – Octas

AC

Method

The state as a heuristic provides valuable education which avoids oversimplification and bolsters resistance.

Zanotti ’14 [Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance. “Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database]

Zanotti ’14

1AC

Method

[1] Using the state as a heuristic means we defend the state without being statist. It won’t inculcate dominant norms and is key to their movement working.

Zanotti 14. Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.

Zanotti 14.