<jupyter_start><jupyter_text>Hello, World!Following an old tradition among programmers, we're going to start our Python adventure with a ["Hello, world!"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Hello,_World!%22_program) program. Similar to other programming languages (e.g. [R](https://www.r-project.org/)), Python comes with a `print()` function that helps us achieve this task.<jupyter_code>print("Hello, world!")<jupyter_output>Hello, world!<jupyter_text>As seen from the above example, `print()` takes a textual value (or any other Python object) as input and prints its contents (or information about the object) to a so-called output stream. In our case, this stream is directed to the console window right below the "Hello, World!" code chunk.Alright, first step taken! Of course, `print()` also comes with a set of optional arguments to provide finer control of the created output. A list of, as well as details about, these optional parameters can be retrieved from the corresponding help pages, which also provide further information about the function itself, through putting a question mark (`?`) right in front of the function's name.<jupyter_code>?print<jupyter_output><empty_output><jupyter_text>The most relevant optional keyword arguments supported by `print()` are (default values in brackets)* `sep`: string inserted between the single input values (`' '`)* `end`: string appended after the last value (`'\n'`)* `file`: a file-like object aka stream (`sys.stdout`)For example, suppose we have two parts of a sentence that we would like to put together to form a complete sentence but, at the same time, separate them by `[...]`, which is a rather common notation in scientific literature. Taking into account the list of optional parameters, this could then be easily achieved:<jupyter_code>print("This is", "some text.", sep = " [...] ")<jupyter_output>This is [...] some text.
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