<jupyter_start><jupyter_text>framework: https://zh.mxnet.io/blog/learn-mxnet-for-pytorch-users torch.autograd.Variable(x, requires_grad=True)：https://www.codetd.com/article/6409254 y.backward(torch.ones(y.size()))：https://www.cnblogs.com/wanghui-garcia/p/10629227.html autograd_api: https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/autograd.html<jupyter_code>u = x.detach()
u = torch.autograd.Variable(u, requires_grad=True)
v = u * u
v.backward(torch.ones(v.size()))
x.grad == u.grad
x.grad is u.grad
u = x.clone()

# replace :u = torch.autograd.Variable(u, requires_grad=True)

# make tensor autograd works

u.requires_grad()
v = u * u
v.backward(torch.ones(v.size()))
x.grad == u.grad
x.grad is u.grad
u = x.copy()
# 设为requires_grad=False，clone()后的梯度设为.requires_grad_()，clone()后的tensor参与计算图的运算<jupyter_output><empty_output>
{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.17552533992583436, 'fraction_numerical': 0.018541409147095178, 'mean_word_length': 5.75, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 5, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 5, 'https://': 4, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 2, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
{'chain_length': '1', 'dir': 'jupyter-structured-clean-dedup', 'id': '556951', 'license': 'MIT', 'n_tokens_mistral': 357, 'n_tokens_neox': 351, 'n_words': 43, 'path': 'Ch02_Preliminaries/2-5-2-2.ipynb', 'repo_name': 'StevenJokess/d2l-en-read', 'size': '809'}