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          <h1 id="ud-for-dutch-">UD for Dutch <span class="flagspan"><img class="flag" src="../../flags/svg/NL.svg" /></span></h1>

<h2 id="tokenization-and-word-segmentation">Tokenization and Word Segmentation</h2>

<ul>
  <li>Words are delimited by whitespace or punctuation</li>
  <li>Words do not contain spaces</li>
  <li>Words (e.g. abbreviations, names, URLs etc.) may contain arbitrary punctuation signs</li>
  <li>No multiword tokens occur</li>
</ul>

<hr />
<p><strong>Instruction</strong>: Describe the general rules for delimiting words (for example, based on whitespace and punctuation) and exceptions to these rules. Specify whether words with spaces and/or multiword tokens occur. Include links to further language-specific documentation if available.</p>

<hr />

<h2 id="morphology">Morphology</h2>

<h3 id="tags">Tags</h3>

<ul>
  <li>All tags are used except PART.</li>
  <li>AUX is used for
    <ul>
      <li>perfect tense auxiliaries <em>hebben</em> and <em>zijn</em></li>
      <li>the passive tense auxiliary <em>worden</em></li>
      <li>the modal verbs <em>kunnen, zullen, moeten, mogen, blijken, hoeven</em> (The treebank annotation on which the conversion to UD is based does not distinguish between auxiliaries and main verbs. Here we take a conservative approach in labeling modals as auxiliaries. )</li>
      <li>the copula verbs <em>zijn, worden, blijven, heten, blijken and lijken</em> (These are the Dutch copula verbs according to Dutch grammar, excluding cases where the copula takes an additional (non-subject, non-predicative) argument)</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>

<hr />
<p><strong>Instruction</strong>: Specify any unused tags. Explain what words are tagged as PART. Describe how the AUX-VERB and DET-PRON distinctions are drawn, and specify whether there are (de)verbal forms tagged as ADJ, ADV or NOUN. Include links to language-specific tag definitions if any.</p>

<hr />

<h3 id="features">Features</h3>

<p>*</p>

<hr />
<p><strong>Instruction</strong>: Describe inherent and inflectional features for major word classes (at least NOUN and VERB). Describe other noteworthy features. Include links to language-specific feature definitions if any.</p>

<hr />

<h2 id="syntax">Syntax</h2>

<p>*</p>

<hr />
<p><strong>Instruction</strong>: Give criteria for identifying core arguments (subjects and objects), and describe the range of copula constructions in nonverbal clauses. List all subtype relations used. Include links to language-specific relations definitions if any.</p>

<hr />

<h2 id="treebanks">Treebanks</h2>

<p>There are <a href="../treebanks/LCODE-comparison.html">N</a> LANGUAGE UD treebanks:</p>

<ul>
  <li><a href="../treebanks/LCODE_a/index.html">LANGUAGE-A</a></li>
  <li><a href="../treebanks/LCODE_b/index.html">LANGUAGE-B</a></li>
</ul>

<hr />
<p><strong>Instruction</strong>: Treebank-specific pages are generated automatically from the README file in the treebank repository and
from the data in the latest release. Link to the respective <code class="highlighter-rouge">*-index.html</code> page in the <code class="highlighter-rouge">treebanks</code> folder, using the language code
and the treebank code in the file name.</p>

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  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
    <title>Dutch UD</title>
    <link rel="root" href=""/> <!-- for JS -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/jquery-ui-redmond.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/style.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/style-vis.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/hint.css"/>
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    <div id="main" class="center">

      <div id="hp-header">
        <table width="100%"><tr><td width="50%">
          <span class="header-text"><a href="http://universaldependencies.org/#language-nl">home</a></span>
          <span class="header-text"><a href="http://universaldependencies.org/nl/nl">nl/nl</a></span>
          <span class="header-text"><a href="https://github.com/universaldependencies/docs/edit/pages-source/_nl/template-index.md" target="#">edit page</a></span>
          <span class="header-text"><a href="https://github.com/universaldependencies/docs/issues">issue tracker</a></span>
        </td><td>
          <gcse:search></gcse:search>
        </td></tr></table>
      </div>

      <hr/>

      
      <div class="v2complete">
	This page pertains to UD version 2.
      </div>
      

      <div id="content">
	<noscript>
	  <div id="noscript">
	    It appears that you have Javascript disabled.
	    Please consider enabling Javascript for this page to see the visualizations.
	  </div>
	</noscript>

          <h1 id="ud-for-dutch-">UD for Dutch <span class="flagspan"><img class="flag" src="../../flags/svg/NL.svg" /></span></h1>

<h2 id="tokenization-and-word-segmentation">Tokenization and Word Segmentation</h2>

<ul>
  <li>Words are delimited by whitespace or punctuation</li>
  <li>Words do not contain spaces</li>
  <li>Words (e.g. abbreviations, names, URLs etc.) may contain arbitrary punctuation signs</li>
  <li>No multiword tokens occur</li>
</ul>

<hr />
<p><strong>Instruction</strong>: Describe the general rules for delimiting words (for example, based on whitespace and punctuation) and exceptions to these rules. Specify whether words with spaces and/or multiword tokens occur. Include links to further language-specific documentation if available.</p>

<hr />

<h2 id="morphology">Morphology</h2>

<h3 id="tags">Tags</h3>

<ul>
  <li>All tags are used except PART.</li>
  <li>AUX is used for
    <ul>
      <li>perfect tense auxiliaries <em>hebben</em> and <em>zijn</em></li>
      <li>the passive tense auxiliary <em>worden</em></li>
      <li>the modal verbs <em>kunnen, zullen, moeten, mogen, blijken, hoeven</em> (The treebank annotation on which the conversion to UD is based does not distinguish between auxiliaries and main verbs. Here we take a conservative approach in labeling modals as auxiliaries. )</li>
      <li>the copula verbs <em>zijn, worden, blijven, heten, blijken and lijken</em> (These are the Dutch copula verbs according to Dutch grammar, excluding cases where the copula takes an additional (non-subject, non-predicative) argument)</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>DET is used for words that are part of a noun phrase and function as determiner. They are:
    <ul>
      <li>words that have pt=lid in the original data. These are words traditionally seen as determiners in Dutch</li>
      <li>words that have pt=vnw and rel=det and not vwtype=bez in the original data. These are pronominal forms functioning as determiner, with the exception of possessive pronouns (which are labeled PRON)</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>PRON is used for non-adverbial pronominal elements. They are:
    <ul>
      <li>words with pt=vnw in the original annotation that do not function as determiner and that are not of pdtype=adv-pron.</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>VERB is used for words labeled pt=ww in the original data and that are not AUX. Note that according to this method, in nominalizations, the head is a VERB.</li>
  <li>ADJ is used for words labeled pt=adj in the original data.</li>
  <li>NOUN is used for words labeled pt=n in the original data that do not have ntype=deeleigen. (The latter are part of a proper name and are labeled PROPN)</li>
</ul>

<p>Detailed documentation of the decisions w.r.t. POS-tags in the original data can be found in the <a href="https://www.let.rug.nl/vannoord/Lassy/POS_manual.pdf">D-COI POS-tagging and lemmatization manual</a></p>

<hr />
<p><strong>Instruction</strong>: Specify any unused tags. Explain what words are tagged as PART. Describe how the AUX-VERB and DET-PRON distinctions are drawn, and specify whether there are (de)verbal forms tagged as ADJ, ADV or NOUN. Include links to language-specific tag definitions if any.</p>

<hr />

<h3 id="features">Features</h3>

<p>*</p>

<hr />
<p><strong>Instruction</strong>: Describe inherent and inflectional features for major word classes (at least NOUN and VERB). Describe other noteworthy features. Include links to language-specific feature definitions if any.</p>

<hr />

<h2 id="syntax">Syntax</h2>

<p>*</p>

<hr />
<p><strong>Instruction</strong>: Give criteria for identifying core arguments (subjects and objects), and describe the range of copula constructions in nonverbal clauses. List all subtype relations used. Include links to language-specific relations definitions if any.</p>

<hr />

<h2 id="treebanks">Treebanks</h2>

<p>There are <a href="../treebanks/nl-comparison.html">2</a> Dutch UD treebanks:</p>

<ul>
  <li><a href="../treebanks/nl_alpino/index.html">UD_Dutch-Alpino</a></li>
  <li><a href="../treebanks/nl_lassysmall/index.html">UD_Dutch-LassySmall</a></li>
</ul>

<hr />
<p><strong>Instruction</strong>: Treebank-specific pages are generated automatically from the README file in the treebank repository and
from the data in the latest release. Link to the respective <code class="highlighter-rouge">*-index.html</code> page in the <code class="highlighter-rouge">treebanks</code> folder, using the language code and the treebank code in the file name.</p>

<hr />
{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.15692446043165467, 'fraction_numerical': 0.012664868105515587, 'mean_word_length': 3.809009009009009, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 367, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 367, 'https://': 14, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 5, 'xml': 4}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
{'dir': 'git-commits-cleaned', 'id': '1422246', 'n_tokens_mistral': 4483, 'n_tokens_neox': 4256, 'n_words': 1215}