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		<title>Advanced Networking - Module 1 Chapter 8 - Subnetting IP Networks</title>

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				<section>
					<h1>Advanced Networking</h1>
					<h2>Routing & Switching:<h2>
					<h2>Introduction to Networks</h2>
					<h3>Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks</h3>
					<p>
						<small><a href="http://hlcs.it">Hacklab Cosenza</a> / Centro di Ricerca su Tecnologia e Innovazione</small>
					</p>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Why Subnetting?</h2>
					<p><strong>Subnetting</strong> is the deepening of the network/host hierarcy into a network/<em>subnet(s)</em>/host one.</p>
					<p><small>The terms <em>network</em> and <em>subnet</em> both identify computer networks. <em>Subnet</em> is just used to imply that we are talking about <strong>a part of some larger address space</strong>.</small></p>
					<p>There are many reason for subnetting some address block:</p>
					<ul>
						<li><strong>Optimizing address space usage</strong> by wasting less addresses.</li>
						<li>With a minimized definition of "local", we can <strong>reduce broadcast</strong> traffic.</li>
						<li>A <strong>better packet delivery</strong> can be achieved by providing more network targets to meet our routing requirements. This is called <em>network segmentation</em>.</li>
						<li>Creating more targets to define our policies against  can also <strong>improve security</strong>.</li>
					</ul>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Subnetting and Routing</h2>
					<p>Subnetting means taking a <strong>single network address</strong> and partitioning it into <strong>multiple logical networks</strong>.</p>
					<p>Subnets <strong>are</strong> networks, so as with any multiple networks <strong>you need routing</strong> to exchange traffic between subnets.</p>
					<p>Like in every network, for every subnet you need to configure:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>every host with <strong>network address, subnet mask and default gateway</strong> appropriate to the subnet they belong to.</li>
						<li>the router interface that is part of the subnet with <strong>an IPv4 address that belongs to the subnet</strong> range.</li>
					</ul>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Planning Subnetting</h2>
					<p>What we'll learn about <strong>subnetting would apply to both public and private IPv4 address space</strong>. Subnetting public addresses is an ISP concern, we'll focus on subnetting private blocks.</p>
					<p>So we start with private IP address ranges:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>10.0.0.0/8 (subnet mask 255.0.0.0)</li>
						<li>172.16.0.0/12 (subnet mask 255.240.0.0)</li>
						<li>192.168.0.0/16 (subnet mask 25192.168.3.11)</li>
					</ul>
					<p>and then we ask ourselves these questions:</p>
					<p><em>How many subnets? What belongs to each subnet? How many hosts for each? What will I need in the future?</em></p>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Subnetting = Borrowing Bits</h2>
					<p>Network address = Network part + host part, distinguished thanks to the subnet mask (or prefix).</p>
					<p>Subnets are created by <strong>taking one or more bits of the host part</strong> and making them "network bits".</p>
					<p>The <strong>subnet mask is expanded to account for the bits <em>borrowed</em></strong> from the host portion (previously 0s in the mask) that are now part of the network portion (becoming 1s).</p>
					<p><strong>The more bits are borrowed the more subnets are created</strong>, but with each additional subnet the addresses available decrease. Each borrowed bit <strong>doubles the subnets and halves the addresses</strong>.</p>
					<p>That is, an <strong>inverse relationship</strong> between the number of subnets and the number of hosts.</p>
				</section>

				<section>
					<section>
						<h2>Subnetting 192.168.1.0/24</h2>
						<h3>2 Subnets</h3>
						<pre><code class="no-highlight">                                          1 bit borrowed<commit_msg>[mod1-08] network address is network part + all-0s host part<commit_after><!doctype html>
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		<title>Advanced Networking - Module 1 Chapter 8 - Subnetting IP Networks</title>

		<meta name="description" content="Abilitante alle certificazioni Cisco CCENT e CCNA">
		<meta name="author" content="<NAME>">

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	</head>

	<body>

		<div class="reveal">

			<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
			<div class="slides">
				<section>
					<h1>Advanced Networking</h1>
					<h2>Routing & Switching:<h2>
					<h2>Introduction to Networks</h2>
					<h3>Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks</h3>
					<p>
						<small><a href="http://hlcs.it">Hacklab Cosenza</a> / Centro di Ricerca su Tecnologia e Innovazione</small>
					</p>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Why Subnetting?</h2>
					<p><strong>Subnetting</strong> is the deepening of the network/host hierarcy into a network/<em>subnet(s)</em>/host one.</p>
					<p><small>The terms <em>network</em> and <em>subnet</em> both identify computer networks. <em>Subnet</em> is just used to imply that we are talking about <strong>a part of some larger address space</strong>.</small></p>
					<ul>
						<li><strong>Optimizing address space usage</strong> by wasting less.</li>
						<li>By minimizing the definition of "local", we can <strong>reduce broadcast</strong> traffic.</li>
						<li>A <strong>better packet delivery</strong> can be achieved by providing more network targets to meet our routing requirements. This is called <em>network segmentation</em>.</li>
						<li>Creating more targets against which to define our policies can also <strong>improve security</strong>.</li>
					</ul>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Subnetting and Routing</h2>
					<p>Subnetting means taking a <strong>single network address</strong> and partitioning it into <strong>multiple logical networks</strong>.</p>
					<p>Subnets <strong>are</strong> networks, so as with any multiple networks <strong>you need routing</strong> to exchange traffic between subnets.</p>
					<p>As in every network, for every subnet you need to configure:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>every host with <strong>network address, subnet mask and default gateway</strong> appropriate to the subnet they belong to.</li>
						<li>the router interface that is part of the subnet with <strong>an IPv4 address that belongs to the subnet</strong> range.</li>
					</ul>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Planning Subnetting</h2>
					<p>What we'll learn about <strong>subnetting would apply to both public and private IPv4 address space</strong>. Subnetting public addresses is an ISP concern, we'll focus on subnetting private blocks.</p>
					<p>So we start with private IP address ranges:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>10.0.0.0/8 (subnet mask 255.0.0.0)</li>
						<li>172.16.0.0/12 (subnet mask 255.240.0.0)</li>
						<li>192.168.0.0/16 (subnet mask 255.255.0.0)</li>
					</ul>
					<p>and then we ask ourselves these questions:</p>
					<p><em>How many subnets? What belongs to each subnet? How many hosts for each? What will I need in the future?</em></p>
				</section>

				<section>
					<h2>Subnetting = Borrowing Bits</h2>
					<p>Network address = Network part + all-0s host part, distinguished thanks to the subnet mask (or prefix).</p>
					<p><u>Subnets are created by <strong>taking one or more bits of the host part</strong> and making them "network bits"</u>.</p>
					<p>The <strong>subnet mask is expanded to account for the bits <em>borrowed</em></strong> from the host portion (previously 0s in the mask) that are now part of the network portion (becoming 1s).</p>
					<p><strong>The more bits are borrowed the more subnets are created</strong>, but with each additional subnet the addresses available decrease. Each borrowed bit <strong>doubles the subnets and halves the addresses</strong>.</p>
					<p>That is, an <strong>inverse relationship</strong> between the number of subnets and the number of hosts.</p>
				</section>

				<section>
					<section>
						<h2>Subnetting 192.168.1.0/24</h2>
						<h3>2 Subnets</h3>
						<pre><code class="no-highlight">                                          1 bit borrowed
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