<commit_before>\" Copyright (c) 1993 <NAME>
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
.\" code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
.\" following conditions are retained.
.\"
.\" This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
.\" of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
.\" to anyone/anything when using this software.
.\"
.\"     @(#)rand48.3 V1.0 MB 8 Oct 1993
.\"
.Dd October 8, 1993
.Dt RAND48 3
.Os FreeBSD
.Sh NAME
.Nm drand48 ,
.Nm erand48 ,
.Nm lrand48 ,
.Nm nrand48 ,
.Nm mrand48 ,
.Nm jrand48 ,
.Nm srand48 ,
.Nm seed48 ,
.Nm lcong48
.Nd pseudo random number generators and initialization routines
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
.Ft double 
.Fn drand48 void
.Ft double
.Fn erand48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
.Ft long
.Fn lrand48 void
.Ft long
.Fn nrand48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
.Ft long
.Fn mrand48 void
.Ft long
.Fn jrand48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
.Ft void
.Fn srand48 "long seed"
.Ft "unsigned short *"
.Fn seed48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
.Ft void
.Fn lcong48 "unsigned short p[7]"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn rand48
family of functions generates pseudo-random numbers using a linear
congruential algorithm working on integers 48 bits in size. The
particular formula employed is
r(n+1) = (a * r(n) + c) mod m
where the default values are
for the multiplicand a = 0xfdeece66d = 25214903917 and
the addend c = 0xb = 11. The modul is always fixed at m = 2 ** 48.
r(n) is called the seed of the random number generator.
.Pp
For all the six generator routines described next, the first
computational step is to perform a single iteration of the algorithm.
.Pp
.Fn drand48
and
.Fn erand48
return values of type double. The full 48 bits of r(n+1) are
loaded into the mantissa of the returned value, with the exponent set
such that the values produced lie in the interval [0.0, 1.0).
.Pp
.Fn lrand48
and
.Fn nrand48
return values of type long in the range
[-2**31, 2**31-1]. The high-order (32) bits of
r(n+1) are loaded into the returned value.
.Pp
.Fn mrand48
and
.Fn jrand48
return values of type long in the range
[0, 2**31-1]. The high-order (31) bits of
r(n+1) are loaded into the lower bits of the returned value, with
the topmost (sign) bit set to zero.
.Pp
.Fn drand48 ,
.Fn lrand48 ,
and
.Fn mrand48
use an internal buffer to store r(n). For these functions
the initial value of r(0) = 0x1234abcd330e = 20017429951246.
.Pp
On the other hand,
.Fn erand48 ,
.Fn nrand48 ,<commit_msg>Fix the bug reported by <NAME> <<EMAIL>>:<commit_after>\" Copyright (c) 1993 <NAME>
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
.\" code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
.\" following conditions are retained.
.\"
.\" This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
.\" of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
.\" to anyone/anything when using this software.
.\"
.\"     @(#)rand48.3 V1.0 MB 8 Oct 1993
.\"
.Dd October 8, 1993
.Dt RAND48 3
.Os FreeBSD
.Sh NAME
.Nm drand48 ,
.Nm erand48 ,
.Nm lrand48 ,
.Nm nrand48 ,
.Nm mrand48 ,
.Nm jrand48 ,
.Nm srand48 ,
.Nm seed48 ,
.Nm lcong48
.Nd pseudo random number generators and initialization routines
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
.Ft double 
.Fn drand48 void
.Ft double
.Fn erand48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
.Ft long
.Fn lrand48 void
.Ft long
.Fn nrand48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
.Ft long
.Fn mrand48 void
.Ft long
.Fn jrand48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
.Ft void
.Fn srand48 "long seed"
.Ft "unsigned short *"
.Fn seed48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
.Ft void
.Fn lcong48 "unsigned short p[7]"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn rand48
family of functions generates pseudo-random numbers using a linear
congruential algorithm working on integers 48 bits in size. The
particular formula employed is
r(n+1) = (a * r(n) + c) mod m
where the default values are
for the multiplicand a = 0xfdeece66d = 25214903917 and
the addend c = 0xb = 11. The modul is always fixed at m = 2 ** 48.
r(n) is called the seed of the random number generator.
.Pp
For all the six generator routines described next, the first
computational step is to perform a single iteration of the algorithm.
.Pp
.Fn drand48
and
.Fn erand48
return values of type double. The full 48 bits of r(n+1) are
loaded into the mantissa of the returned value, with the exponent set
such that the values produced lie in the interval [0.0, 1.0).
.Pp
.Fn lrand48
and
.Fn nrand48
return values of type long in the range
[0, 2**31-1]. The high-order (31) bits of
r(n+1) are loaded into the lower bits of the returned value, with
the topmost (sign) bit set to zero.
.Pp
.Fn mrand48
and
.Fn jrand48
return values of type long in the range
[-2**31, 2**31-1]. The high-order (32) bits of
r(n+1) are loaded into the returned value.
.Pp
.Fn drand48 ,
.Fn lrand48 ,
and
.Fn mrand48
use an internal buffer to store r(n). For these functions
the initial value of r(0) = 0x1234abcd330e = 20017429951246.
.Pp
On the other hand,
.Fn erand48 ,
.Fn nrand48 ,
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