<commit_before>.\" Copyright (c) 2005-2009 <NAME> <<EMAIL>>
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd July 31, 2009
.Dt FUSER 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm fuser
.Nd list IDs of all processes that have one or more files open 
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl cfkmu
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Op Fl s Ar signal
.Op Ar
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility writes to stdout the PIDs of processes that have one or
more named files open.
For block and character special devices, all processes using files
on that device are listed.
A file is considered open by a process if it was explicitly opened,
is the working directory, root directory, jail root directory,
active executable text, kernel trace file or the controlling terminal
of the process.
If
.Fl m
option is specified, the
.Nm
utility will also look through mmapped files.
.Pp
The following options are available:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl c
Treat files as mount point and report on any files open in the file system.
.It Fl f
The report must be only for named files.
.It Fl k
Send signal to reported processes
.Pq SIGKILL by default .
.It Fl m
Search through mmapped files too.
.It Fl u
Write the user name associated with each process to stdout.
.It Fl M
Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
instead of the default
.Pa /dev/kmem .
.It Fl N
Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
.It Fl s
Use given signal name instead of default SIGKILL.
.El
.Pp
The following symbols, written to stderr will indicate how files is used:
.Bl -tag -width MOUNT
.It Cm r
The file is the root directory of the process.
.It Cm c
The file is the current workdir directory of the process.
.It Cm j
The file is the jail-root of the process.
.It Cm t
The file is the kernel tracing file for the process.
.It Cm x
The file is executable text of the process.
.It Cm y
The process use this file as its controlling tty.
.It Cm m
The file is mmapped.
.It Cm w
The file is open for writing.
.It Cm a
The file is open as append only
.Pq O_APPEND was specified .
.It Cm d
The process bypasses fs cache while writing to this file
.Pq O_DIRECT was specified .
.It Cm s
Shared lock is hold.
.It Cm e
Exclusive lock is hold.
.El
.Sh EXIT STATUS
The
.Nm
utility returns 0 on successful completion and >0 otherwise.
.Sh EXAMPLES
The command:
.Dq Li "fuser -fu ."
writes to standart output the process IDs of processes that are using the
current directory and writes to stderr an indication of how those processes are
using the direcory and user names associated with the processes that are using
this directory.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr fstat 1 ,
.Xr ps 1 ,
.Xr systat 1 ,
.Xr iostat 8 ,
.Xr pstat 8 ,
.Xr vmstat 8
.Sh STANDARTS
The
.Nm
utility is expected to conform to
.St -p1003.1-2004 .
.Sh BUGS
Since
.Nm
takes a snapshot of the system, it is only correct for a very short period
of time.
When working via
.Xr kvm 3
interface the report will be limited to filesystems the
.Nm
utility knows about (currently only cd9660, devfs, nfs, ntfs, nwfs, udf,
ufs and zfs).
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
utility and this manual page was written by
.An <NAME> Aq <EMAIL> .<commit_msg>- Fix several typos [1] - fuser(1) writes usernames to stderr, not stdout [1] - Add history section.<commit_after>.\" Copyright (c) 2005-2011 <NAME> <<EMAIL>>
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd May 13, 2011
.Dt FUSER 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm fuser
.Nd list IDs of all processes that have one or more files open 
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl cfkmu
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Op Fl s Ar signal
.Op Ar
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility writes to stdout the PIDs of processes that have one or
more named files open.
For block and character special devices, all processes using files
on that device are listed.
A file is considered open by a process if it was explicitly opened,
is the working directory, root directory, jail root directory,
active executable text, kernel trace file or the controlling terminal
of the process.
If
.Fl m
option is specified, the
.Nm
utility will also look through mmapped files.
.Pp
The following options are available:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl c
Treat files as mount point and report on any files open in the file system.
.It Fl f
The report must be only for named files.
.It Fl k
Send signal to reported processes
.Pq SIGKILL by default .
.It Fl m
Search through mmapped files too.
.It Fl u
Write the user name associated with each process to stderr.
.It Fl M
Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
instead of the default
.Pa /dev/kmem .
.It Fl N
Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
.It Fl s
Use given signal name instead of default SIGKILL.
.El
.Pp
The following symbols, written to stderr will indicate how files is used:
.Bl -tag -width MOUNT
.It Cm r
The file is the root directory of the process.
.It Cm c
The file is the current workdir directory of the process.
.It Cm j
The file is the jail-root of the process.
.It Cm t
The file is the kernel tracing file for the process.
.It Cm x
The file is executable text of the process.
.It Cm y
The process use this file as its controlling tty.
.It Cm m
The file is mmapped.
.It Cm w
The file is open for writing.
.It Cm a
The file is open as append only
.Pq O_APPEND was specified .
.It Cm d
The process bypasses fs cache while writing to this file
.Pq O_DIRECT was specified .
.It Cm s
Shared lock is hold.
.It Cm e
Exclusive lock is hold.
.El
.Sh EXIT STATUS
The
.Nm
utility returns 0 on successful completion and >0 otherwise.
.Sh EXAMPLES
The command:
.Dq Li "fuser -fu ."
writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using the
current directory and writes to stderr an indication of how those processes are
using the directory and user names associated with the processes that are using
this directory.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr fstat 1 ,
.Xr ps 1 ,
.Xr systat 1 ,
.Xr iostat 8 ,
.Xr pstat 8 ,
.Xr vmstat 8
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm
utility is expected to conform to
.St -p1003.1-2004 .
.Sh BUGS
Since
.Nm
takes a snapshot of the system, it is only correct for a very short period
of time.
When working via
.Xr kvm 3
interface the report will be limited to filesystems the
.Nm
utility knows about (currently only cd9660, devfs, nfs, ntfs, nwfs, udf,
ufs and zfs).
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility appeared in
.Fx 9.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
utility and this manual page was written by
.An <NAME>q <EMAIL>.org .
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