<commit_before># THE LANGUAGE : FIRST DERIVATIVE

The first level of evolution and abstraction from the initial PROTO-LANGUAGE. The first derivative helps to normalize the phonology of THE LANGUAGE and give it a unique character. The following general shifts and changes are recorded:

## phonological changes

1.  When a long vowel is followed by a consonant, an <i>e</i> is added to the end (<i>bau:zh</i> > <i>báu:zhe</i>)

2.  When a long vowel is followed by stop onset, the length of the stop is doubled and the vowel is shortened (<i>arbí:tu</i> > <i>arbíttu</i>)

3.  Other long diphthongs are palatalized (<i>au:</i> > <i>aw</i>, <i>ai:</i> > <i>aj</i>, <i>ua:</i> > <i>wa</i>, <i>oi:</i> > <i>oj</i>)

4.  When a syllable coda contains a <i>w</i> or <i>j</i> followed by another consonant, the second consonant is moved into the onset of a new syllable with vowel <i>e</i>

5.  <i>j</i> becomes <i>je</i> when followed by a nasal

6.  All double consonants are devoiced

7.  The following changes occur to word-final consonants:

    * <i>q</i> is dropped when not preceded by <i>g</i>
    * {<i>gq</i>, <i>n</i>} becomes <i>q</i>
    * <i>d</i> becomes <i>t</i>

8.  <i>r</i> is dropped when preceded by (palato-)alveolar consonants

9.  <i>zh</i> becomes <i>z</i> (<i>/ʑ/</i>) and <i>sh</i> becomes <i>s</i> (<i>/ɕ/</i>)

10. Several chain shifts occur:

    * <i>gj</i> > <i>g</i> > <i>k</i> > <i>h</i>
    * <i>n</i> > <i>d</i> > <i>r</i> > <i>t</i>
    * <i>m</i> > <i>b</i> > <i>p</i> > <i>f</i>

11. All stops in syllable codas are unvoiced

12. Onsets <i>g</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>b</i> become <i>q</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>m</i> when preceded by an stressed syllable

13. Onsets <i>k</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>p</i> become <i>g</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>b</i> when preceded by an unstressed syllable

14. Word-final <i>r</i> becomes <i>n</i>

15. Unaccented <i>e</i> becomes <i>a</i>; accented <i>e</i> becomes <i>/e/</i>

16. Syllable stress is shifted to the first syllable of all roots

## grammatical/morphological changes

1.  <i>-e:qg</i> becomes a marker for the habitual aspect

2.  <i>-ug</i> now carries the meaning "become"
<commit_msg>MORE GREAT D1 PHONOCHANGE<commit_after># THE LANGUAGE : FIRST DERIVATIVE

The first level of evolution and abstraction from the initial PROTO-LANGUAGE. The first derivative helps to normalize the phonology of THE LANGUAGE and give it a unique character. The following general shifts and changes are recorded:

## phonological changes

1.  When a long vowel is followed by a consonant, an <i>e</i> is added to the end (<i>bau:zh</i> > <i>báu:zhe</i>)

2.  When a long vowel is followed by stop onset, the length of the stop is doubled and the vowel is shortened (<i>arbí:tu</i> > <i>arbíttu</i>)

3.  Other long diphthongs are palatalized (<i>au:</i> > <i>aw</i>, <i>ai:</i> > <i>aj</i>, <i>ua:</i> > <i>wa</i>, <i>oi:</i> > <i>oj</i>)

4.  When a syllable coda contains a <i>w</i> or <i>j</i> followed by another consonant, the second consonant is moved into the onset of a new syllable with nucleus <i>e</i>

5.  <i>j</i> becomes <i>je</i> when followed by a nasal

6.  All double consonants are devoiced

7.  The following changes occur to word-final consonants:

    * <i>q</i> is dropped when not preceded by <i>g</i>
    * {<i>gq</i>, <i>n</i>} becomes <i>q</i>
    * <i>d</i> becomes <i>t</i>

8.  <i>r</i> is dropped when preceded by (palato-)alveolar consonants

9.  <i>zh</i> becomes <i>z</i> (<i>/ʑ/</i>) and <i>sh</i> becomes <i>s</i> (<i>/ɕ/</i>)

10. Several chain shifts occur:

    * <i>gj</i> > <i>g</i> > <i>k</i> > <i>h</i>
    * <i>n</i> > <i>d</i> > <i>r</i> > <i>t</i>
    * <i>m</i> > <i>b</i> > <i>p</i> > <i>f</i>

11. A few more shifts occur:

    1. Onsets <i>g</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>b</i> become <i>q</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>m</i> when preceded by an stressed syllable
    2. Onsets <i>k</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>p</i> become <i>g</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>b</i> when preceded by an unstressed syllable
    3. Codas <i>k</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>p</i> become <i>g</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>b</i> when preceded by a complex (long or diphthong) nucleus

12. The following codas are split off into new syllables with the given nuclei:

    * {<i>g</i>, <i>k</i>, <i>h</i>} : <i>a</i>
    * {<i>d</i>, <i>t</i>} : <i>i</i>
    * {<i>b</i>, <i>p</i>, <i>f</i>} : <i>e</i>
    * {<i>l</i>, <i>r</i>} : <i>u</i>

13. <i>l</i> becomes <i>n</i>

14. Unaccented <i>e</i> becomes <i>a</i>; accented <i>e</i> becomes <i>/e/</i>

15. Syllable stress is shifted to the first syllable of all roots

## grammatical/morphological changes

1.  <i>-e:qg</i> becomes a marker for the habitual aspect

2.  <i>-ug</i> now carries the meaning "become"

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