<commit_before>= Sourcify

ParseTree[http://github.com/seattlerb/parsetree] is great, it accesses the runtime AST
(abstract syntax tree) and makes it possible to convert any object to ruby code &
S-expression, BUT ParseTree doesn't work for 1.9.* & JRuby.

RubyParser[http://github.com/seattlerb/ruby_parser] is great, and it works for any rubies
(of course, not 100% compatible for 1.8.7 & 1.9.* syntax yet), BUT it works only with
static code.

I truely enjoy using the above tools, but with my other projects, the absence of ParseTree
on the different rubies is forcing me to hand-baked my own solution each time to extract
the proc code i need at runtime. This is frustrating, the solution for each of them is
never perfect, and i'm reinventing the wheel each time just to address a particular
pattern of usage (using regexp kungfu).

Enough is enough, and now we have Sourcify, a unified solution to extract proc code.
When ParseTree is available, it simply works as a thin wrapper round it, otherwise, it
uses a home-baked ragel-generated scanner to extract the proc code. Further processing
with RubyParser & Ruby2Ruby to ensure 100% with ParseTree (yup, there is no denying that
i really like ParseTree).


== Installing It

The religiously standard way:

  $ gem install ParseTree sourcify

Or on 1.9.* or JRuby:

  $ gem install ruby_parser file-tail sourcify


== Sourcify adds 4 methods to Proc

=== 1. Proc#to_source

Returns the code representation of the proc:

  require 'sourcify'

  lambda { x + y }.to_source
  # >> "proc { (x + y) }"

  proc { x + y }.to_source
  # >> "proc { (x + y) }"

Like it or not, a lambda is represented as a proc when converted to source (exactly the
same way as ParseTree). It is possible to only extract the body of the proc by passing
in {:strip_enclosure => true}:

  lambda { x + y }.to_source(:strip_enclosure => true)
  # >> "(x + y)"

  lambda {|i| i + 2 }.to_source(:strip_enclosure => true)
  # >> "(i + 2)"

=== 2. Proc#to_sexp

Returns the S-expression of the proc:

  require 'sourcify'

  x = 1
  lambda { x + y }.to_sexp
  # >> s(:iter,
  # >>  s(:call, nil, :proc, s(:arglist)),
  # >>   nil,
  # >>    s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+, s(:arglist, s(:call, nil, :y, s(:arglist)))))

To extract only the body of the proc:

  lambda { x + y }.to_sexp(:strip_enclosure => true)
  # >> s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+, s(:arglist, s(:call, nil, :y, s(:arglist)))))

=== 3. Proc#to_raw_source

Unlike Proc#to_source, which returns code that retains only functional aspects,
fetching of raw source returns the raw code enclosed within the proc, including
fluff like comments:

  lambda do |i|
    i+1 # (blah)
  end.to_source
  # >> "proc do |i|
  # >>   i+1 # (blah)
  # >> end"

NOTE: This is extracting of raw code, it relies on static code scanning (even when
running in ParseTree mode), the gotchas for static code scanning always apply.

=== 4. Proc#source_location

By default, this is only available on 1.9.*, it is added (as a bonus) to provide
consistency under 1.8.*:

  # /tmp/test.rb
  require 'sourcify'

  lambda { x + y }.source_location
  # >> ["/tmp/test.rb", 5]


== Sourcify adds 3 methods to Method

*IMPORTANT*: These only work for MRI-1.9.2, as currently, only it supports
(1) discovering of the original source location with Method#source_location,
and (2) reliably determinig a method's parameters with Method#parameters.

*NOTE*: The following works for methods defined using both def .. end &
Module#define_method. However, when a method is defined using the later
approach, sourcify uses Proc#to_source to handle the processing, thus, the
usual gotchas related to proc source extraction apply.

=== 1. Method#to_source

Returns the code representation of the method:

  require 'sourcify'

  class MyMath
    def self.sum(x, y)
      x + y # (blah)
    end
  end

  MyMath.method(:sum).to_source
  # >> "def sum(x, y)
  # >>   (x + y)
  # >> end"

Just like the Proc#to_source equivalent, u can set :strip_enclosure => true
to extract only the body within.

=== 2. Method#to_sexp

Returns the S-expression of the method:

  require 'sourcify'

  class MyMath
    def self.sum(x, y)
      x + y # (blah)
    end
  end

  MyMath.method(:sum).to_sexp
  >> s(:defn,
  >>  :sum,
  >>  s(:args, :x, :y),
  >>  s(:scope, s(:block, s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+, s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :y))))))

Just like the Proc#to_sexp equivalent, u can set :strip_enclosure => true
to extract only the body within.

=== 3. Method#to_raw_source

Unlike Method#to_source, which returns code that retains only functional aspects,
fetching of raw source returns the method's raw code, including fluff like comments:

  require 'sourcify'

  class MyMath
    def self.sum(x, y)
      x + y # (blah)
    end
  end

  MyMath.method(:sum).to_source
  # >> "def sum(x, y)
  # >>   x + y # (blah)
  # >> end"

Just like the Proc#to_raw_source equivalent, u can set :strip_enclosure => true
to extract only the body within.


== Performance

Performance is embarassing for now, benchmarking results for processing 500 procs
(in the ObjectSpace of an average rails project) yiels the following:

  ruby                               user       system    total      real
  ruby-1.8.7-p299  (w ParseTree)     10.270000  0.010000  10.280000  ( 10.311430)
  ruby-1.8.7-p299  (static scanner)  14.120000  0.080000  14.200000  ( 14.283817)
  ruby-1.9.1-p376  (static scanner)  17.380000  0.050000  17.430000  ( 17.405966)
  jruby-1.5.2      (static scanner)  21.318000  0.000000  21.318000  ( 21.318000)

Since i'm still pretty new to ragel[http://www.complang.org/ragel], the code scanner will
probably become better & faster as my knowlegde & skills with ragel improve. Also,
instead of generating a pure ruby scanner, we can generate native code (eg. C or java, or
whatever) instead. As i'm a C & java noob, this will probably take some time to realize.


== Gotchas

Nothing beats ParseTree's ability to access the runtime AST, it is a very powerful feature.
The scanner-based (static) implementation suffer the following gotchas:

=== 1. The source code is everything

Since static code analysis is involved, the subject code needs to physically exist within a
file, meaning Proc#source_location must return the expected *[file, lineno]*, the following
will not work:

  def test
    eval('lambda { x + y }')
  end

  test.source_location
  # >> ["(eval)", 1]

  test.to_source
  # >> Sourcify::CannotParseEvalCodeError

The same applies to *Blah#to_proc* & *&:blah*:

  klass = Class.new do
    def aa(&block); block ; end
    def bb; 1+2; end
  end

  klass.new.method(:bb).to_proc.to_source
  # >> Sourcify::CannotHandleCreatedOnTheFlyProcError

  klass.new.aa(&:bb).to_source
  # >> Sourcify::CannotHandleCreatedOnTheFlyProcError

=== 2. Multiple matching procs per line error

Sometimes, we may have multiple procs on a line, Sourcify can handle this as long as the
subject proc has arity that is unique from others:

  # Yup, this works as expected :)
  b1 = lambda {|a| a+1 }; b2 = lambda { 1+2 }
  b2.to_source
  # >> proc { (1 + 2) }

  # Nope, this won't work :(
  b1 = lambda { 1+2 }; b2 = lambda { 2+3 }
  b2.to_source
  # >> raises Sourcify::MultipleMatchingProcsPerLineError

As observed, the above does not work when there are multiple procs having the same arity,
on the same line. Furthermore, this bug[http://redmine.ruby-lang.org/issues/show/574]
under 1.8.* affects the accuracy of this approach.

To better narrow down the scanning, try:

* passing in the {:attached_to => ...} option

    x = lambda { proc { :blah } }

    x.to_source
    # >> Sourcify::MultipleMatchingProcsPerLineError

    x.to_source(:attached_to => :lambda)
    # >> "proc { proc { :blah } }"

* passing in the {:ignore_nested => ...} option

    x = lambda { lambda { :blah } }

    x.to_source
    # >> Sourcify::MultipleMatchingProcsPerLineError

    x.to_source(:ignore_nested => true)
    # >> "proc { lambda { :blah } }"

* attaching a body matcher proc

    x, y = lambda { def secret; 1; end }, lambda { :blah }

    x.to_source
    # >> Sourcify::MultipleMatchingProcsPerLineError

    x.to_source{|body| body =~ /^(.*\W|)def\W/ }
    # >> 'proc { def secret; 1; end }'

Pls refer to the rdoc for more details.

=== 3. Occasional Racc::ParseError

Under the hood, sourcify relies on RubyParser to yield s-expression, and since RubyParser
does not yet fully handle 1.8.7 & 1.9.* syntax, you will get a nasty Racc::ParseError when
you have any code that is not compatible with 1.8.6.


== Is it really working ??

Sourcify spec suite currently passes in the following rubies:
* MRI-1.8.*, REE-1.8.7 (both ParseTree & static scanner modes)
* JRuby-1.6.*, MRI-1.9.* (static scanner ONLY)

Besides its own spec suite, sourcify has also been tested to handle:

  ObjectSpace.each_object(Proc) {|o| puts o.to_source }

For projects:
* Spree[http://github.com/railsdog/spree]
* Redmine[http://github.com/edavis10/redmine]

(TODO: the more the merrier)


== Projects using it

Projects using sourcify include:
* wrong[http://github.com/sconover/wrong]
* ruote[http://ruote.rubyforge.org/]
* dm-ambition[https://github.com/dkubb/dm-ambition]


== Additional Resources

Sourcify is heavily inspired by many ideas gathered from the ruby community:
* http://www.justskins.com/forums/breaking-ruby-code-into-117453.html
* http://rubyquiz.com/quiz38.html (Florian Groß's solution)
* http://svenfuchs.com/2009/07/05/using-ruby-1-9-ripper.html

The sad fact that Proc#to_source wouldn't be available in the near future:
* http://redmine.ruby-lang.org/issues/show/2080


== Note on Patches/Pull Requests

* Fork the project.
* Make your feature addition or bug fix.
* Add tests for it. This is important so I don't break it in a
  future version unintentionally.
* Commit, do not mess with rakefile, version, or history.
  (if you want to have your own version, that is fine but bump version in a commit by itself I can ignore when I pull)
* Send me a pull request. Bonus points for topic branches.


== Copyright

Copyright (c) 2010 NgTzeYang. See LICENSE for details.
<commit_msg>Inform reader abt Sourcify::PlatformNotSupportedError on rubies that doesnt support Method#to_source (& friends).<commit_after>= Sourcify

ParseTree[http://github.com/seattlerb/parsetree] is great, it accesses the runtime AST
(abstract syntax tree) and makes it possible to convert any object to ruby code &
S-expression, BUT ParseTree doesn't work for 1.9.* & JRuby.

RubyParser[http://github.com/seattlerb/ruby_parser] is great, and it works for any rubies
(of course, not 100% compatible for 1.8.7 & 1.9.* syntax yet), BUT it works only with
static code.

I truely enjoy using the above tools, but with my other projects, the absence of ParseTree
on the different rubies is forcing me to hand-baked my own solution each time to extract
the proc code i need at runtime. This is frustrating, the solution for each of them is
never perfect, and i'm reinventing the wheel each time just to address a particular
pattern of usage (using regexp kungfu).

Enough is enough, and now we have Sourcify, a unified solution to extract proc code.
When ParseTree is available, it simply works as a thin wrapper round it, otherwise, it
uses a home-baked ragel-generated scanner to extract the proc code. Further processing
with RubyParser & Ruby2Ruby to ensure 100% with ParseTree (yup, there is no denying that
i really like ParseTree).


== Installing It

The religiously standard way:

  $ gem install ParseTree sourcify

Or on 1.9.* or JRuby:

  $ gem install ruby_parser file-tail sourcify


== Sourcify adds 4 methods to Proc

=== 1. Proc#to_source

Returns the code representation of the proc:

  require 'sourcify'

  lambda { x + y }.to_source
  # >> "proc { (x + y) }"

  proc { x + y }.to_source
  # >> "proc { (x + y) }"

Like it or not, a lambda is represented as a proc when converted to source (exactly the
same way as ParseTree). It is possible to only extract the body of the proc by passing
in {:strip_enclosure => true}:

  lambda { x + y }.to_source(:strip_enclosure => true)
  # >> "(x + y)"

  lambda {|i| i + 2 }.to_source(:strip_enclosure => true)
  # >> "(i + 2)"

=== 2. Proc#to_sexp

Returns the S-expression of the proc:

  require 'sourcify'

  x = 1
  lambda { x + y }.to_sexp
  # >> s(:iter,
  # >>  s(:call, nil, :proc, s(:arglist)),
  # >>   nil,
  # >>    s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+, s(:arglist, s(:call, nil, :y, s(:arglist)))))

To extract only the body of the proc:

  lambda { x + y }.to_sexp(:strip_enclosure => true)
  # >> s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+, s(:arglist, s(:call, nil, :y, s(:arglist)))))

=== 3. Proc#to_raw_source

Unlike Proc#to_source, which returns code that retains only functional aspects,
fetching of raw source returns the raw code enclosed within the proc, including
fluff like comments:

  lambda do |i|
    i+1 # (blah)
  end.to_source
  # >> "proc do |i|
  # >>   i+1 # (blah)
  # >> end"

NOTE: This is extracting of raw code, it relies on static code scanning (even when
running in ParseTree mode), the gotchas for static code scanning always apply.

=== 4. Proc#source_location

By default, this is only available on 1.9.*, it is added (as a bonus) to provide
consistency under 1.8.*:

  # /tmp/test.rb
  require 'sourcify'

  lambda { x + y }.source_location
  # >> ["/tmp/test.rb", 5]


== Sourcify adds 3 methods to Method

*IMPORTANT*: These only work for MRI-1.9.2, as currently, only it supports
(1) discovering of the original source location with Method#source_location,
and (2) reliably determinig a method's parameters with Method#parameters.
Attempting to use these methods on other rubies will raise
Sourcify::PlatformNotSupportedError.

*NOTE*: The following works for methods defined using both def .. end &
Module#define_method. However, when a method is defined using the later
approach, sourcify uses Proc#to_source to handle the processing, thus, the
usual gotchas related to proc source extraction apply.

=== 1. Method#to_source

Returns the code representation of the method:

  require 'sourcify'

  class MyMath
    def self.sum(x, y)
      x + y # (blah)
    end
  end

  MyMath.method(:sum).to_source
  # >> "def sum(x, y)
  # >>   (x + y)
  # >> end"

Just like the Proc#to_source equivalent, u can set :strip_enclosure => true
to extract only the body within.

=== 2. Method#to_sexp

Returns the S-expression of the method:

  require 'sourcify'

  class MyMath
    def self.sum(x, y)
      x + y # (blah)
    end
  end

  MyMath.method(:sum).to_sexp
  >> s(:defn,
  >>  :sum,
  >>  s(:args, :x, :y),
  >>  s(:scope, s(:block, s(:call, s(:lvar, :x), :+, s(:arglist, s(:lvar, :y))))))

Just like the Proc#to_sexp equivalent, u can set :strip_enclosure => true
to extract only the body within.

=== 3. Method#to_raw_source

Unlike Method#to_source, which returns code that retains only functional aspects,
fetching of raw source returns the method's raw code, including fluff like comments:

  require 'sourcify'

  class MyMath
    def self.sum(x, y)
      x + y # (blah)
    end
  end

  MyMath.method(:sum).to_source
  # >> "def sum(x, y)
  # >>   x + y # (blah)
  # >> end"

Just like the Proc#to_raw_source equivalent, u can set :strip_enclosure => true
to extract only the body within.


== Performance

Performance is embarassing for now, benchmarking results for processing 500 procs
(in the ObjectSpace of an average rails project) yiels the following:

  ruby                               user       system    total      real
  ruby-1.8.7-p299  (w ParseTree)     10.270000  0.010000  10.280000  ( 10.311430)
  ruby-1.8.7-p299  (static scanner)  14.120000  0.080000  14.200000  ( 14.283817)
  ruby-1.9.1-p376  (static scanner)  17.380000  0.050000  17.430000  ( 17.405966)
  jruby-1.5.2      (static scanner)  21.318000  0.000000  21.318000  ( 21.318000)

Since i'm still pretty new to ragel[http://www.complang.org/ragel], the code scanner will
probably become better & faster as my knowlegde & skills with ragel improve. Also,
instead of generating a pure ruby scanner, we can generate native code (eg. C or java, or
whatever) instead. As i'm a C & java noob, this will probably take some time to realize.


== Gotchas

Nothing beats ParseTree's ability to access the runtime AST, it is a very powerful feature.
The scanner-based (static) implementation suffer the following gotchas:

=== 1. The source code is everything

Since static code analysis is involved, the subject code needs to physically exist within a
file, meaning Proc#source_location must return the expected *[file, lineno]*, the following
will not work:

  def test
    eval('lambda { x + y }')
  end

  test.source_location
  # >> ["(eval)", 1]

  test.to_source
  # >> Sourcify::CannotParseEvalCodeError

The same applies to *Blah#to_proc* & *&:blah*:

  klass = Class.new do
    def aa(&block); block ; end
    def bb; 1+2; end
  end

  klass.new.method(:bb).to_proc.to_source
  # >> Sourcify::CannotHandleCreatedOnTheFlyProcError

  klass.new.aa(&:bb).to_source
  # >> Sourcify::CannotHandleCreatedOnTheFlyProcError

=== 2. Multiple matching procs per line error

Sometimes, we may have multiple procs on a line, Sourcify can handle this as long as the
subject proc has arity that is unique from others:

  # Yup, this works as expected :)
  b1 = lambda {|a| a+1 }; b2 = lambda { 1+2 }
  b2.to_source
  # >> proc { (1 + 2) }

  # Nope, this won't work :(
  b1 = lambda { 1+2 }; b2 = lambda { 2+3 }
  b2.to_source
  # >> raises Sourcify::MultipleMatchingProcsPerLineError

As observed, the above does not work when there are multiple procs having the same arity,
on the same line. Furthermore, this bug[http://redmine.ruby-lang.org/issues/show/574]
under 1.8.* affects the accuracy of this approach.

To better narrow down the scanning, try:

* passing in the {:attached_to => ...} option

    x = lambda { proc { :blah } }

    x.to_source
    # >> Sourcify::MultipleMatchingProcsPerLineError

    x.to_source(:attached_to => :lambda)
    # >> "proc { proc { :blah } }"

* passing in the {:ignore_nested => ...} option

    x = lambda { lambda { :blah } }

    x.to_source
    # >> Sourcify::MultipleMatchingProcsPerLineError

    x.to_source(:ignore_nested => true)
    # >> "proc { lambda { :blah } }"

* attaching a body matcher proc

    x, y = lambda { def secret; 1; end }, lambda { :blah }

    x.to_source
    # >> Sourcify::MultipleMatchingProcsPerLineError

    x.to_source{|body| body =~ /^(.*\W|)def\W/ }
    # >> 'proc { def secret; 1; end }'

Pls refer to the rdoc for more details.

=== 3. Occasional Racc::ParseError

Under the hood, sourcify relies on RubyParser to yield s-expression, and since RubyParser
does not yet fully handle 1.8.7 & 1.9.* syntax, you will get a nasty Racc::ParseError when
you have any code that is not compatible with 1.8.6.


== Is it really working ??

Sourcify spec suite currently passes in the following rubies:
* MRI-1.8.*, REE-1.8.7 (both ParseTree & static scanner modes)
* JRuby-1.6.*, MRI-1.9.* (static scanner ONLY)

Besides its own spec suite, sourcify has also been tested to handle:

  ObjectSpace.each_object(Proc) {|o| puts o.to_source }

For projects:
* Spree[http://github.com/railsdog/spree]
* Redmine[http://github.com/edavis10/redmine]

(TODO: the more the merrier)


== Projects using it

Projects using sourcify include:
* wrong[http://github.com/sconover/wrong]
* ruote[http://ruote.rubyforge.org/]
* dm-ambition[https://github.com/dkubb/dm-ambition]


== Additional Resources

Sourcify is heavily inspired by many ideas gathered from the ruby community:
* http://www.justskins.com/forums/breaking-ruby-code-into-117453.html
* http://rubyquiz.com/quiz38.html (Florian Groß's solution)
* http://svenfuchs.com/2009/07/05/using-ruby-1-9-ripper.html

The sad fact that Proc#to_source wouldn't be available in the near future:
* http://redmine.ruby-lang.org/issues/show/2080


== Note on Patches/Pull Requests

* Fork the project.
* Make your feature addition or bug fix.
* Add tests for it. This is important so I don't break it in a
  future version unintentionally.
* Commit, do not mess with rakefile, version, or history.
  (if you want to have your own version, that is fine but bump version in a commit by itself I can ignore when I pull)
* Send me a pull request. Bonus points for topic branches.


== Copyright

Copyright (c) 2010 NgTzeYang. See LICENSE for details.

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