<commit_before># Copyright 2016 ITEA 12004 SEAS Project.
# 
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
# 
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
# 
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
@prefix voaf: <http://purl.org/vocommons/voaf#> .
@prefix vs: <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#> .
@prefix cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix saref: <http://ontology.tno.nl/saref#>. #SAREF smart building appliances ontology
@prefix qudt: <http://data.qudt.org/qudt/owl/1.0.0/qudt.owl#> .
@prefix qudt-unit: <http://data.qudt.org/qudt/owl/1.0.0/unit.owl#> . #QUDT units
@prefix ssn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/>.
@prefix pep: <https://w3id.org/pep/>.

@prefix seas: <https://w3id.org/seas/>.
@base <https://w3id.org/seas/>.

voaf:Vocabulary a owl:Class .
dc:title a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dc:description a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dc:issued a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dc:modified a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dc:creator a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dc:contributor a owl:AnnotationProperty .
cc:license a owl:AnnotationProperty .
vann:preferredNamespacePrefix a owl:AnnotationProperty .
vann:preferredNamespaceUri a owl:AnnotationProperty .
vs:term_status a owl:AnnotationProperty .
foaf:Person a owl:Class .
foaf:name a owl:DatatypeProperty .



seas:SystemOntology rdf:type voaf:Vocabulary , owl:Ontology ;
  dc:title "The SEAS System ontology"@en ;
  dc:description """The System Ontology defines Systems, Connections between systems, and Connection Points at which systems may be connected. This ontology is then specialized for multiple domains. For example:

- In electric energy: 
    - power systems consume, produce, store, and exchange electricity;
    - power connections are where electricity flows between systems;
    - power connection points are plugs, sockets, or power busses.
- In the electricity market:
    - players and markets are systems;
    - connections are contracts or transactions between two players, or between a player and a market;
    - connection points include offers and bids.

Figure below provides an overwiew of the concepts in this ontology:

[![Overview of the System ontology](https://w3id.org/seas/system.png)](https://w3id.org/seas/system.png)

"""@en ;
  dc:issued "2016-06-06"^^xsd:date ;
  dc:modified "2016-09-21"^^xsd:date ;
  dc:creator <http://www.maxime-lefrancois.info/me#> ;
  cc:license <https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> ;
  vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "seas" ;
  vann:preferredNamespaceUri <https://w3id.org/seas/> ; 
  owl:imports seas:FeatureOfInterestOntology , seas:EvaluationOntology , pep: ;
  owl:versionIRI <https://w3id.org/seas/SystemOntology-1.0> ;
  owl:versionInfo "v1.0" .

# systems

seas:System a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:label "System"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """The class of systems, i.e., systems virtually isolated from the environment, whose behaviour and interactions with the environment are modeled.

  Systems can be connected to other systems. Connected systems interact in some ways. For example:

```
<electric_vehicle> seas:connectedTo <electric_vehicle_service_equipment> .
```

  Systems can also have subsystems. Properties of subsystems somehow contribute to the properties of the supersystem. For example:

```
<battery> seas:subSystemOf <electric_vehicle> .
```
"""@en ;
  rdfs:subClassOf seas:FeatureOfInterest ;
  vs:term_status "stable" ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy seas:SystemOntology .

pep:ProcessExecutor rdfs:subClassOf seas:System .

seas:connectedTo a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:SymmetricProperty ;
  rdfs:label "connected to"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """Links a system to a system it is connected to.

Connected systems interact in some way. The exact meaning of _interact_ is defined by sub properties of `seas:connectedTo`.

For example, for the electricity to directly flow between an electric vehicle service equipment and an electric vehicle, then they must be linked by property `seas:exchangesElectricityWith`: 

```
seas:exchangesElectricityWith rdfs:subPropertyOf seas:connectedTo .

<electric_vehicle> seas:exchangesElectricityWith <electric_vehicle_service_equipment> .
```

Property `seas:connectedTo` is symmetric:

```
if x seas:connectedTo y, then it is true that y seas:connectedTo x.
```

This property can be qualified using class `seas:Connection`, which connects the two systems.

If there is a connection between several systems, then one may infer these systems are pairwise connected."""@en ;
  rdfs:domain seas:System ;
  rdfs:range seas:System ;
  vs:term_status "stable" ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy seas:SystemOntology .

seas:subSystemOf a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ;
# seas:subSystemOf a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; # not allowed by OWL 2 DL
  rdfs:label "sub system of"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """Links a system to its super system.

Properties of subsystems somehow contribute to the properties of the super system. The exact meaning of _contribute_ is defined by sub properties of `seas:subSystemOf`.

For example, if a fridge is a subsystem of a kitchen, then its consumption power contributes to the consumption power of the kitchen. 

Property `seas:subSystemOf` is functional, and should be asymmetric:

```
if x seas:subSystemOf y1 and x seas:subSystemOf y2, then y1 and y2 refer to the same resource.
if x seas:subSystemOf y, then it can't be the case that y seas:subSystemOf x.
```

The asymmetric aspect of property `seas:subSystemOf` would prevents a system from being its own sub-system. Unfortunately, OWL 2 DL disallow a non-simple property (e.g., a functional property) from being asymmetric, see OWL 2 Syntax section 11.

If it was possible that both the fridge and the kitchen be sub systems of a common super system, say, the house, then the consumption power of the fridge would contribute twice to the consumption power of the house. The functional aspect of property `seas:subSystemOf` prevents this undesired effect. 

Due to the open world assumption of RDF, it is not possible to model the closed set of sub systems of a system using property `seas:subSystemOf`.
"""@en ;
  rdfs:domain seas:System ;
  rdfs:range seas:System ;
  vs:term_status "stable" ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy seas:SystemOntology .

# connections

seas:Connection a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:label "Connection"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """The class of connections between systems.

This class qualifies property `seas:connectedTo`. 

A connection describes potential interactions between systems. 

For example, a power connection between power systems describes the fact that these systems may exchange electricity.

```
<connection> seas:connectsSystem <electric_vehicle> , <electric_vehicle_service_equipment> .
<electric_vehicle> seas:connectedThrough <connection> .<commit_msg>Add the hasSubSystem Object Property.<commit_after># Copyright 2016 ITEA 12004 SEAS Project.
# 
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
# 
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
# 
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
@prefix voaf: <http://purl.org/vocommons/voaf#> .
@prefix vs: <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#> .
@prefix cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#>.
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix saref: <http://ontology.tno.nl/saref#>. #SAREF smart building appliances ontology
@prefix qudt: <http://data.qudt.org/qudt/owl/1.0.0/qudt.owl#> .
@prefix qudt-unit: <http://data.qudt.org/qudt/owl/1.0.0/unit.owl#> . #QUDT units
@prefix ssn: <http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/>.
@prefix pep: <https://w3id.org/pep/>.

@prefix seas: <https://w3id.org/seas/>.
@base <https://w3id.org/seas/>.

voaf:Vocabulary a owl:Class .
dc:title a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dc:description a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dc:issued a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dc:modified a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dc:creator a owl:AnnotationProperty .
dc:contributor a owl:AnnotationProperty .
cc:license a owl:AnnotationProperty .
vann:preferredNamespacePrefix a owl:AnnotationProperty .
vann:preferredNamespaceUri a owl:AnnotationProperty .
vs:term_status a owl:AnnotationProperty .
foaf:Person a owl:Class .
foaf:name a owl:DatatypeProperty .



seas:SystemOntology rdf:type voaf:Vocabulary , owl:Ontology ;
  dc:title "The SEAS System ontology"@en ;
  dc:description """The System Ontology defines Systems, Connections between systems, and Connection Points at which systems may be connected. This ontology is then specialized for multiple domains. For example:

- In electric energy: 
    - power systems consume, produce, store, and exchange electricity;
    - power connections are where electricity flows between systems;
    - power connection points are plugs, sockets, or power busses.
- In the electricity market:
    - players and markets are systems;
    - connections are contracts or transactions between two players, or between a player and a market;
    - connection points include offers and bids.

Figure below provides an overwiew of the concepts in this ontology:

[![Overview of the System ontology](https://w3id.org/seas/system.png)](https://w3id.org/seas/system.png)

"""@en ;
  dc:issued "2016-06-06"^^xsd:date ;
  dc:modified "2016-09-21"^^xsd:date ;
  dc:creator <http://www.maxime-lefrancois.info/me#> ;
  cc:license <https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> ;
  vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "seas" ;
  vann:preferredNamespaceUri <https://w3id.org/seas/> ; 
  owl:imports seas:FeatureOfInterestOntology , seas:EvaluationOntology , pep: ;
  owl:versionIRI <https://w3id.org/seas/SystemOntology-1.0> ;
  owl:versionInfo "v1.0" .

# systems

seas:System a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:label "System"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """The class of systems, i.e., systems virtually isolated from the environment, whose behaviour and interactions with the environment are modeled.

  Systems can be connected to other systems. Connected systems interact in some ways. For example:

```
<electric_vehicle> seas:connectedTo <electric_vehicle_service_equipment> .
```

  Systems can also have subsystems. Properties of subsystems somehow contribute to the properties of the supersystem. For example:

```
<battery> seas:subSystemOf <electric_vehicle> .
```
"""@en ;
  rdfs:subClassOf seas:FeatureOfInterest ;
  vs:term_status "stable" ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy seas:SystemOntology .

pep:ProcessExecutor rdfs:subClassOf seas:System .

seas:connectedTo a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:SymmetricProperty ;
  rdfs:label "connected to"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """Links a system to a system it is connected to.

Connected systems interact in some way. The exact meaning of _interact_ is defined by sub properties of `seas:connectedTo`.

For example, for the electricity to directly flow between an electric vehicle service equipment and an electric vehicle, then they must be linked by property `seas:exchangesElectricityWith`: 

```
seas:exchangesElectricityWith rdfs:subPropertyOf seas:connectedTo .

<electric_vehicle> seas:exchangesElectricityWith <electric_vehicle_service_equipment> .
```

Property `seas:connectedTo` is symmetric:

```
if x seas:connectedTo y, then it is true that y seas:connectedTo x.
```

This property can be qualified using class `seas:Connection`, which connects the two systems.

If there is a connection between several systems, then one may infer these systems are pairwise connected."""@en ;
  rdfs:domain seas:System ;
  rdfs:range seas:System ;
  vs:term_status "stable" ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy seas:SystemOntology .

seas:subSystemOf a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ;
# seas:subSystemOf a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; # not allowed by OWL 2 DL
  rdfs:label "sub system of"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """Links a system to its super system.

Properties of subsystems somehow contribute to the properties of the super system. The exact meaning of _contribute_ is defined by sub properties of `seas:subSystemOf`.

For example, if a fridge is a subsystem of a kitchen, then its consumption power contributes to the consumption power of the kitchen. 

Property `seas:subSystemOf` is functional, and should be asymmetric:

```
if x seas:subSystemOf y1 and x seas:subSystemOf y2, then y1 and y2 refer to the same resource.
if x seas:subSystemOf y, then it can't be the case that y seas:subSystemOf x.
```

The asymmetric aspect of property `seas:subSystemOf` would prevents a system from being its own sub-system. Unfortunately, OWL 2 DL disallow a non-simple property (e.g., a functional property) from being asymmetric, see OWL 2 Syntax section 11.

If it was possible that both the fridge and the kitchen be sub systems of a common super system, say, the house, then the consumption power of the fridge would contribute twice to the consumption power of the house. The functional aspect of property `seas:subSystemOf` prevents this undesired effect. 

Due to the open world assumption of RDF, it is not possible to model the closed set of sub systems of a system using property `seas:subSystemOf`.
"""@en ;
  rdfs:domain seas:System ;
  rdfs:range seas:System ;
  owl:inverseOf seas:hasSubSystem ;
  vs:term_status "stable" ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy seas:SystemOntology .


seas:hasSubSystem a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:InverseFunctionalProperty ;
  rdfs:label "has sub system"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """Links a system to its sub system."""@en ;
  rdfs:domain seas:System ;
  rdfs:range seas:System ;
  owl:inverseOf seas:subSystemOf ;
  vs:term_status "stable" ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy seas:SystemOntology .


# connections

seas:Connection a owl:Class ;
  rdfs:label "Connection"@en ;
  rdfs:comment """The class of connections between systems.

This class qualifies property `seas:connectedTo`. 

A connection describes potential interactions between systems. 

For example, a power connection between power systems describes the fact that these systems may exchange electricity.

```
<connection> seas:connectsSystem <electric_vehicle> , <electric_vehicle_service_equipment> .
<electric_vehicle> seas:connectedThrough <connection> .
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