File size: 27,164 Bytes
9b50984
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1
00:00:21,620 --> 00:00:27,320
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…

2
00:00:27,320 --> 00:00:32,160
ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 12 ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 12 ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

3
00:00:32,160 --> 00:00:40,800
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 12 ุฃูˆู„ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

4
00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:46,200
ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู† ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ

5
00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:52,920
ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูˆุฌูŠู†Carbon Steel ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ู‚ุตุฏู‡

6
00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:59,140
ุจู€ Carbon SteelุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุฌูˆุฑู†ุงู„

7
00:00:59,140 --> 00:01:02,800
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ

8
00:01:02,800 --> 00:01:02,940
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ

9
00:01:02,940 --> 00:01:03,320
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ

10
00:01:03,320 --> 00:01:03,720
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ

11
00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:06,240
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ

12
00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:12,460
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ

13
00:01:14,300 --> 00:01:18,540
ูˆุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุณุชูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ

14
00:01:18,540 --> 00:01:23,160
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง technically though this well-known alloy

15
00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:27,560
of iron and carbon is not as simple as one might

16
00:01:27,560 --> 00:01:32,600
think ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู‡ุง steel

17
00:01:32,600 --> 00:01:38,700
comes in a huge range of different grades ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน

18
00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:43,850
ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉeach with different

19
00:01:43,850 --> 00:01:49,110
characteristics ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ for the

20
00:01:49,110 --> 00:01:53,870
inexperienced it can be difficult to know where to

21
00:01:53,870 --> 00:01:58,510
begin ู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุด ุฎุจุฑุฉ ุตุนุจ ู†ุนุฑู ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ

22
00:02:00,010 --> 00:02:05,810
Carbon steel ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฌูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุน

23
00:02:05,810 --> 00:02:08,950
ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

24
00:02:08,950 --> 00:02:10,750
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

25
00:02:10,750 --> 00:02:11,610
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

26
00:02:11,610 --> 00:02:12,290
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

27
00:02:12,290 --> 00:02:12,670
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

28
00:02:12,670 --> 00:02:12,830
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

29
00:02:12,830 --> 00:02:13,490
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

30
00:02:13,490 --> 00:02:13,990
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

31
00:02:13,990 --> 00:02:14,150
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

32
00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:17,190
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ

33
00:02:17,190 --> 00:02:24,480
ุงู„ุตู†ุงุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ

34
00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:29,140
ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุณุชูŠู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุนู‹ุง

35
00:02:29,140 --> 00:02:34,660
ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุงุช ุฎุงู†ุงุช ู„ู€ carbon

36
00:02:34,660 --> 00:02:39,040
steel ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ู‡ุงุŸ mild steel the most widely used

37
00:02:39,040 --> 00:02:42,820
grade is a low carbon steel which contains up to

38
00:02:42,820 --> 00:02:47,300
approximately point three percent of carbon ูŠุนู†ูŠ

39
00:02:47,300 --> 00:02:51,890
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ mild ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุจุญุชูˆู‰ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู†

40
00:02:51,890 --> 00:02:57,090
ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠุฑู† ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡

41
00:02:57,090 --> 00:03:01,570
ุงูŠุดุŸ mild steel medium carbon steel contain

42
00:03:01,570 --> 00:03:07,500
between approximately point three percentto point

43
00:03:07,500 --> 00:03:12,540
six percent carbon ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† point ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ point ูƒุงู…

44
00:03:12,540 --> 00:03:16,300
ุณุชุฉ carbon high carbon steel contain between

45
00:03:16,300 --> 00:03:20,300
approximately point six and one point four percent

46
00:03:20,300 --> 00:03:24,920
carbon ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน

47
00:03:24,920 --> 00:03:29,060
one point four percent carbon ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง

48
00:03:29,060 --> 00:03:31,940
ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง mild

49
00:03:34,300 --> 00:03:39,000
medium carbon steel ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงูŠุด high carbon steel

50
00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:42,980
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูˆุง ุงูŠุด carbons and

51
00:03:42,980 --> 00:03:46,400
steel ูˆ ุงู„ carbon ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง very low

52
00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:51,400
quantities ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ

53
00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:58,080
ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

54
00:03:58,080 --> 00:04:05,020
gramู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุฃู„ู ูƒู„

55
00:04:05,020 --> 00:04:12,180
ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 14 gram ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎููŠูุฉ

56
00:04:12,180 --> 00:04:17,620
ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡

57
00:04:17,620 --> 00:04:22,890
alloy steels ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญู† ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ steel ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุนู‡it's

58
00:04:22,890 --> 00:04:26,930
an alloy ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ alloy

59
00:04:26,930 --> 00:04:30,570
steel ุงุช ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุด alloy ู„ุฃ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ุจุณ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ

60
00:04:30,570 --> 00:04:34,610
ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง

61
00:04:34,610 --> 00:04:40,660
othermetals ุจู†ุญุทู‡ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุนู‡ุง the

62
00:04:40,660 --> 00:04:44,080
second main category of steel is alloy steels

63
00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:48,540
which consists of iron carbon and one or more

64
00:04:48,540 --> 00:04:53,500
alloying material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุด ุจู†ุถูŠู ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงูƒุชุฑ

65
00:04:53,500 --> 00:04:57,980
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ material ุงู„ alloying

66
00:04:57,980 --> 00:05:02,800
material ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ specific grade of the alloying

67
00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:03,800
steel include

68
00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:20,940
ู…ุด ุตุบูŠุฑ ุทูŠุจ

69
00:05:20,940 --> 00:05:24,280
ุงู„ include ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ

70
00:05:24,280 --> 00:05:29,780
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… low alloy steel which

71
00:05:29,780 --> 00:05:38,060
contains 90%ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ูˆุญุชู‰ 10% ู…ู†

72
00:05:38,060 --> 00:05:45,360
ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงูˆูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠุง ู†ูƒูˆ ู…ุงู†ุฌุงู†ูŠุฒ

73
00:05:45,360 --> 00:05:47,680
ู…ูˆู„ูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง

74
00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:53,780
Vanadium ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ู… ููŠู‡ู…

75
00:05:53,780 --> 00:05:57,380
ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ low alloying steel ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ

76
00:05:57,380 --> 00:06:04,380
ุชุณุนูŠู† ูุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ iron ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ alloying materials high

77
00:06:04,380 --> 00:06:10,720
strength low alloying steel which contains smaller

78
00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:15,430
quantity of the above metalsit's typically less

79
00:06:15,430 --> 00:06:19,250
than two percent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ high

80
00:06:19,250 --> 00:06:23,730
strength low alloying material ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน

81
00:06:23,730 --> 00:06:26,890
ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ stainless steel ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชูƒู…

82
00:06:26,890 --> 00:06:32,630
ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ which contain chromium as well

83
00:06:32,630 --> 00:06:36,850
as other metals such as nickel and which do not

84
00:06:36,850 --> 00:06:40,130
rust ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ stainless steel ุฅูŠุด ู…ุญุตู„ู‡ุŸ

85
00:06:41,070 --> 00:06:48,430
ุจุตุฏูŠุด ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ rust ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุฏู‚ tools steals

86
00:06:48,430 --> 00:06:52,650
ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูˆุง ุณูƒุงูƒูŠู† ุงูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช

87
00:06:52,650 --> 00:06:59,250
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุทุน ููŠู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุญุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑุฏ ุงูˆ ูƒู„

88
00:06:59,250 --> 00:07:03,210
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุงุชู ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง tools steal they contain

89
00:07:03,210 --> 00:07:07,110
tungestin and cobalt ุงู„ tungestin ูˆ ุงู„ cobalt

90
00:07:07,110 --> 00:07:12,360
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ tough material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุฏุฉOkay a widely used

91
00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:17,340
grade of tools steel is high-speed steel which is

92
00:07:17,340 --> 00:07:20,180
used in cutting tools that operate at a high

93
00:07:20,180 --> 00:07:23,740
temperature such as drill bits ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ drill

94
00:07:23,740 --> 00:07:31,340
bitsุŸ ู„ุฃ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุฑูŠุด ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุญุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง

95
00:07:31,340 --> 00:07:35,950
ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ drillbits ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ู…ุด ุงูƒุชุฑ ุฎุจุฑุชูƒู…

96
00:07:35,950 --> 00:07:41,270
ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ุง

97
00:07:41,270 --> 00:07:44,690
ูุงู„ุงู†

98
00:07:44,690 --> 00:07:48,210
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ูุนู†ุง ูƒุงู… ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน

99
00:07:48,210 --> 00:07:57,570
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ alloy steel ุงุฑุจุน ู†ูˆุน ุงูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง low alloy

100
00:08:02,120 --> 00:08:07,880
Stainless Steel ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ Tools Steel ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

101
00:08:07,880 --> 00:08:11,760
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ Corrosion ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ CorrosionุŸ ู‡ูŠ

102
00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:20,020
ุงู„ Oxidization ุฃูˆ ุงู„ Oxide ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Rust ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ

103
00:08:20,020 --> 00:08:26,180
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ

104
00:08:26,180 --> 00:08:34,220
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุขูƒู„ ู‡ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุฉูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูู‡ู†ุง one

105
00:08:34,220 --> 00:08:39,060
weakness of mild steel is that it corrodes its

106
00:08:39,060 --> 00:08:43,320
surface progressively deteriorates due to a

107
00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:48,520
chemical reaction ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ deterioratesุŸ

108
00:08:48,520 --> 00:08:54,520
ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ corrodes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุฃูƒู„ุงู„ุงู† due to

109
00:08:54,520 --> 00:08:58,660
rates ุชุดูˆููˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูุณ

110
00:08:58,660 --> 00:09:03,680
ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ due to rates ู„ู…ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุดูˆูŠุฉ

111
00:09:03,680 --> 00:09:08,740
ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุชุดูˆู‡ ุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุชุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ุจุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ

112
00:09:08,740 --> 00:09:13,880
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง due to rate ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ

113
00:09:13,880 --> 00:09:16,960
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุดูŠ ุชุฑุงุฌุน ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง due to rates

114
00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:24,420
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ

115
00:09:24,420 --> 00:09:31,240
ูˆุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุนุตูŠุฏ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ

116
00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:33,020
ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ

117
00:09:33,020 --> 00:09:33,060
ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ

118
00:09:33,060 --> 00:09:38,640
ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ

119
00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:38,660
ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ

120
00:09:38,660 --> 00:09:42,480
ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุน

121
00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:51,460
ูˆ ุงู„ oxidized ูˆ ุงู„ what ูˆ ุงู„ corrodes ู‡ู… ููŠ

122
00:09:51,460 --> 00:09:56,420
ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุตุฏู‚ุฉ

123
00:10:00,110 --> 00:10:04,650
ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูŠุซุงู„ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ

124
00:10:04,650 --> 00:10:09,410
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุซุงู„

125
00:10:09,410 --> 00:10:15,870
ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุตุนุจุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฅุชุตุงู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ

126
00:10:15,870 --> 00:10:22,490
ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฅูŠุด ุจุญุตู„ุŸ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุตุฏุฃ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุตุฏุฃ ููŠ

127
00:10:22,490 --> 00:10:27,590
ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุงูƒู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุฌุนุงู„ุฃู„ู…ูˆู†ุฉ

128
00:10:27,590 --> 00:10:31,170
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุจุชุถุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ hard ูุงู„ hardness ู‡ุฐู‡

129
00:10:31,170 --> 00:10:36,790
ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุตุถูŠ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุตุถูŠุฉ

130
00:10:36,790 --> 00:10:40,890
ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู† ุจุชู…ุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุขูƒู„

131
00:10:40,890 --> 00:10:46,510
however when mild steel goes rusty the rust on the

132
00:10:46,510 --> 00:10:51,370
surface comes off .. comes off ุงูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

133
00:10:51,370 --> 00:10:58,190
ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุจุชุฌุดุฑุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณู‚ุท ูŠุชุณุงู‚ุท ูŠุชุณุงู‚ุท ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒุดูŠุฑ

134
00:10:58,190 --> 00:11:02,950
continuously and a new rusty layer forms

135
00:11:02,950 --> 00:11:09,030
progressively eating into the metal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุฃูƒู„

136
00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:12,870
ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุชุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ููŠ

137
00:11:12,870 --> 00:11:17,230
ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุฌูˆ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ rust ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

138
00:11:17,230 --> 00:11:21,590
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูŠุฌุนุจ

139
00:11:21,590 --> 00:11:29,770
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸุจุชุงูƒู„ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† decide whether

140
00:11:29,770 --> 00:11:34,030
the sentences below are true or false and correct

141
00:11:34,030 --> 00:11:38,570
the false sentences steel is an alloy of iron and

142
00:11:38,570 --> 00:11:42,930
carbon true

143
00:11:42,930 --> 00:11:47,790
ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุงู„ steel ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน

144
00:11:47,790 --> 00:11:53,770
ู‡ูˆ alloyู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

145
00:11:53,770 --> 00:11:57,250
ู‡ูˆ

146
00:11:57,250 --> 00:11:57,510
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

147
00:11:57,510 --> 00:11:57,690
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

148
00:11:57,690 --> 00:11:57,710
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

149
00:11:57,710 --> 00:11:58,050
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

150
00:11:58,050 --> 00:11:58,510
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

151
00:11:58,510 --> 00:11:59,610
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

152
00:11:59,610 --> 00:12:01,330
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

153
00:12:01,330 --> 00:12:01,730
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

154
00:12:01,730 --> 00:12:03,090
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ

155
00:12:03,090 --> 00:12:12,330
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆู‡ูˆู‡ูˆู‡ูˆู‡

156
00:12:15,660 --> 00:12:20,340
chromium and nickel are used as alloying metal in

157
00:12:20,340 --> 00:12:26,220
steel ู…ุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ูƒุจุดุฉ alloying

158
00:12:26,220 --> 00:12:30,840
materialุŒ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ low alloy

159
00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:36,200
steel contain more chromium than ironุŒ false ููŠ

160
00:12:36,200 --> 00:12:40,560
ุฃุตู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ steel ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ iron

161
00:12:42,360 --> 00:12:47,820
ุงู„ู€ stainless steel is an alloy steel true ุงุญู†ุง

162
00:12:47,820 --> 00:12:52,040
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุชุจุนู†ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ alloy

163
00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:57,240
alloying steel ุฃูˆ alloy steels tungsten is added

164
00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:03,580
to steel to make it softer false ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ harder

165
00:13:03,580 --> 00:13:09,120
ู…ุด softerhigh speed steel is suitable for making

166
00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:16,720
cutting tools that get very hot ุงุญู†ุง

167
00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:22,320
ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ true ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูˆ tools ู†ูุณ

168
00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:27,720
ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงูŠุด cutting tools get very hot ูุจุฏูƒ ุงูŠุด ุงูุถู„

169
00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:31,240
ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ high speed steel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰

170
00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:40,590
ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ tools steelู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ

171
00:13:40,590 --> 00:13:44,430
ุงู„ุงู† complete ุงู„ table ุงู„ table ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุจู†ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„ู‡

172
00:13:44,430 --> 00:13:49,250
ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ corroded ุงู„ adjective ุงู„ noun ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ?

173
00:13:51,810 --> 00:14:00,670
corrosion ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ verb? corrode ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทูŠุจ ุงู„

174
00:14:00,670 --> 00:14:02,310
oxidized

175
00:14:04,730 --> 00:14:10,890
oxide ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ noun oxide ุตุญ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง

176
00:14:10,890 --> 00:14:18,670
carbon oxide ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ noun oxide ุทูŠุจ ุงู„

177
00:14:18,670 --> 00:14:26,410
verb oxidize ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง go rusty ุงูŠุด ุงู„ verb ู…ู…ูƒู†

178
00:14:26,410 --> 00:14:36,110
ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ุงู† rust ุงู„ nounrust ุงู„ adjective rusty ุทุจ

179
00:14:36,110 --> 00:14:40,170
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ู†ุนุจูŠู‡ู… when steel is exposed to

180
00:14:40,170 --> 00:14:45,450
air and water it oxidize

181
00:14:45,450 --> 00:14:52,070
ุงูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ rust ุงูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ corrodes ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุฌูˆุฒุฉ

182
00:14:52,070 --> 00:14:57,470
ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ

183
00:14:57,470 --> 00:15:03,810
ุชุญุทูŠู‡ ES ุงูˆ SุทูŠุจ a brown red material on the

184
00:15:03,810 --> 00:15:10,110
surface of steel is called corrosion ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ rust

185
00:15:10,110 --> 00:15:15,190
and oxide ุทูŠุจ the strength of steel is reduced if

186
00:15:15,190 --> 00:15:20,210
it is ู†ุญุท ุงู„ adjective ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ adjectiveุŸ

187
00:15:20,210 --> 00:15:28,550
ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† oxidized ุฃูˆ rusty ุฃูˆ corroded

188
00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:35,920
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุจุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง complete the article about

189
00:15:35,920 --> 00:15:40,160
a special type of steel the perennial problem with

190
00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:44,440
mild .. ุฅูŠุด

191
00:15:44,440 --> 00:15:50,480
ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ perennial problemุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŸ

192
00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:57,060
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฒุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ with mildsteel

193
00:15:57,060 --> 00:16:02,580
ู…ุธุจูˆุท is ุฅุชู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด when exposed air and water ุฅูŠุด

194
00:16:02,580 --> 00:16:12,020
ุจุชุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง it rusts or it corrodes or it oxidize ุทูŠุจ

195
00:16:12,020 --> 00:16:15,920
generally the only solution is either to apply a

196
00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:21,660
protective coating to use or to use another edge

197
00:16:21,660 --> 00:16:26,920
of the steelุฃูŠูˆุฉ another grades ุงู„ grades ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ

198
00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:30,400
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ type ุฃูˆ variations

199
00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:35,300
ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡

200
00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:41,600
ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุณุงูƒู†ูŠู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู„ู„ุจุญุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุฅูŠุด

201
00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:45,120
ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒูˆุง ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ

202
00:16:46,690 --> 00:16:51,310
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูู„ุงุฒู… ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู„ู‡ ูŠุง ุฃู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฏู‡ู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„

203
00:16:51,310 --> 00:16:57,090
ุฏุงุฆู… ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠุจูŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู‚ู„ุจุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ุจุฉ ุงูŠุด

204
00:16:57,090 --> 00:17:05,430
ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุญุท ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ stainless steel ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ

205
00:17:05,430 --> 00:17:11,830
ู‡ู†ุง used ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง another grade of steel that is

206
00:17:11,830 --> 00:17:19,660
resistant toto the rusting process ุงูˆ to corrosion

207
00:17:19,660 --> 00:17:25,820
process ุงูˆ to oxidize process the most well-known

208
00:17:25,820 --> 00:17:30,880
being ุงูŠุด steelุŸ stainless steel ู…ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง

209
00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:34,100
ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง stainless steel which contains

210
00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:38,220
significant quantity of ุงูŠุดุŸ and often nickel

211
00:17:38,220 --> 00:17:45,590
chromium ู…ุธุจูˆุทุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ alloy ุชุจุน ูƒุฑูˆู…

212
00:17:45,590 --> 00:17:49,690
ูˆ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู†ูŠูƒู„ there is however an alternative

213
00:17:49,690 --> 00:17:56,610
solution so-called weathering needs weathering

214
00:17:56,610 --> 00:18:00,570
steel ุงู„ weathering steel ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ steel

215
00:18:00,570 --> 00:18:04,970
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุงูˆุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุชุฃู‚ู„ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌูˆ

216
00:18:04,970 --> 00:18:07,210
ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ

217
00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:11,920
is a special alloy suitable for outdoor use but

218
00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:14,720
rather than being completely protected from

219
00:18:14,720 --> 00:18:18,540
corrosion the surface of the steel is allowed to

220
00:18:18,540 --> 00:18:26,320
go to go ุงูŠุด rusty rusty ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡

221
00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:31,400
ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ rust ุจุณ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„

222
00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:37,700
rust ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ hard ุชุณู…ุญุด ู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช

223
00:18:37,700 --> 00:18:43,100
ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุณูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุณุฏู‡ุง ุชุงู†ูŠ once a layer of ุฅูŠุด

224
00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:49,680
has formed on the surface a layer of ุฅูŠุดุŸ of rust

225
00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:58,280
ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ูƒุฑูˆุฌู„ okay it stabilizes

226
00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:02,580
and forms a hard protective layer ุฅูŠุด

227
00:19:02,580 --> 00:19:04,300
stabilizableุŸ

228
00:19:07,650 --> 00:19:15,630
ุงูŠุด stable ุจุชุณุชู‚ุฑ .. ู‡ุฏ ุจุชุณุชู‚ุฑ ูˆ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ hard

229
00:19:15,630 --> 00:19:22,470
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุตู„ุจุฉ this layer differs from ordinary

230
00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:28,050
iron oxide as it does not continue to eat into the

231
00:19:28,050 --> 00:19:35,170
metal ู‡ุฏ ุจุชุจุทู„ู‡ุงุด ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุชุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ metal ุตูˆุช ุตูˆุช

232
00:19:35,170 --> 00:19:42,860
ุตูˆุชwhile not everyone may like the rusty look,

233
00:19:43,420 --> 00:19:46,420
weathering steel has been widely used in

234
00:19:46,420 --> 00:19:50,940
architectures, applications and outdoor sculptures

235
00:19:50,940 --> 00:19:57,120
ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ sculptureุŸ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู…ุŸ

236
00:19:57,120 --> 00:20:04,760
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุน ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸู…ุฌุณู…ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู‡ ..

237
00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:11,020
ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ outdoor sculptures ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุณู…ุงุช

238
00:20:11,020 --> 00:20:14,000
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง

239
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:17,700
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ ุจุณ ุจุจู„ุงุฏ

240
00:20:17,700 --> 00:20:24,220
ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ูˆ ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ ุญุชู‰

241
00:20:24,220 --> 00:20:26,780
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุถูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ

242
00:20:31,460 --> 00:20:38,000
ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง chapter twelve ุงู„ุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ู†

243
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,260
ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ steel ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

244
00:20:42,260 --> 00:20:47,800
ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ ุตุญ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงูŠุด carbon steels ูˆ ุงูŠุด

245
00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:52,080
alloying steels ุงู„ carbon steel ุนู†ุฏู†ุง three grades

246
00:20:52,080 --> 00:21:00,890
ููŠู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง mild ูˆ mediumูˆู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„

247
00:21:00,890 --> 00:21:05,610
carbon ููŠู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ู…ู† point three percent ู„ุญุฏ

248
00:21:05,610 --> 00:21:11,110
ุฏูŠุช one point four ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ ุงูŠุด iron ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ

249
00:21:11,110 --> 00:21:17,490
any other alloying materials ุจุณ carbon and iron ุงู„

250
00:21:17,490 --> 00:21:22,270
alloying steels ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน

251
00:21:22,270 --> 00:21:25,770
ุงูŠุด ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูˆู‡ุงุฏ

252
00:21:25,770 --> 00:21:34,550
ุงูŠุด ู…ู…ูŠุฒุชู‡ุงู†ูŠู†ูŠ ุจุฑุณู†ุช ุงูŠุฑู† ูˆ ุชูŠู† ุจุฑุณู†ุช ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูˆ

253
00:21:34,550 --> 00:21:40,630
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ alloy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุถูŠูู‡ู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน

254
00:21:40,630 --> 00:21:46,730
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ high string

255
00:21:46,730 --> 00:21:51,570
ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ alloy ู‚ุฏุงุดุฑุŸ less than two

256
00:21:51,570 --> 00:21:57,270
percentุงู„ุงู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stainless steel

257
00:21:57,270 --> 00:22:01,890
ุงู„ stainless steel ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงู„

258
00:22:01,890 --> 00:22:06,030
chromium ูˆ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงูŠุดุŸ

259
00:22:06,030 --> 00:22:11,290
nickels okay ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ tools ุงูˆ ุงู„ high

260
00:22:11,290 --> 00:22:17,150
speed ุงูŠุดุŸ steel ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ ุงู„

261
00:22:17,150 --> 00:22:21,810
cobalt ูˆ ุงู„ ุงูŠุดุŸูˆุงู„ tungsten ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ hard

262
00:22:21,810 --> 00:22:25,210
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง very hard ูˆ very tough ูุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู…

263
00:22:25,210 --> 00:22:30,530
ู„ู„ cutting tools ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ

264
00:22:30,530 --> 00:22:34,430
ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ

265
00:22:34,430 --> 00:22:34,910
ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ