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1
+ 1
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+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,860
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+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ
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+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:03,860 --> 00:00:07,520
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+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ life span development
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+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,520 --> 00:00:13,840
11
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู„ู„ู€ life span development ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
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+
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+ 4
14
+ 00:00:13,840 --> 00:00:18,040
15
+ ุงู„ู€ field of the study that examine the pattern of
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+
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+ 5
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+ 00:00:18,040 --> 00:00:22,700
19
+ growth, change and stability in behavior that occur
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+
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+ 6
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+ 00:00:22,700 --> 00:00:27,320
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+ throughout the entire human life span ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณ
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+
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+ 7
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+ 00:00:27,320 --> 00:00:32,220
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+ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุซุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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+
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+ 8
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+ 00:00:32,220 --> 00:00:37,060
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+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง entire
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+
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+ 9
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+ 00:00:37,060 --> 00:00:42,780
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+ human life span Life span development theory
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+
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+ 10
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+ 00:00:42,780 --> 00:00:47,200
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+ provides a framework for understanding human aging
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+
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+ 11
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+ 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:51,220
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+ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ human aging ูˆุงู„ู€ development
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+
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+ 12
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+ 00:00:51,220 --> 00:00:57,540
47
+ for human aging ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ life span
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+
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+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,540 --> 00:01:05,480
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+ development ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ุชู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
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+
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+ 14
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+ 00:01:05,480 --> 00:01:10,980
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+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆุง ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ูˆุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ
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+
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+ 15
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+ 00:01:10,980 --> 00:01:18,720
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+ ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู…ู…ุซู„ ูŠุนูŠุด ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุฉ
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+
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+ 16
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+ 00:01:18,720 --> 00:01:25,740
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+ ู…ู…ุซู„ุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู
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+
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+ 17
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+ 00:01:25,740 --> 00:01:31,140
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+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
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+
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+ 18
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+ 00:01:31,140 --> 00:01:35,220
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+ ูˆุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
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+
73
+ 19
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+ 00:01:35,220 --> 00:01:37,780
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+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
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+
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+ 20
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+ 00:01:37,780 --> 00:01:39,580
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+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:39,580 --> 00:01:40,900
83
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
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+
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+ 22
86
+ 00:01:40,900 --> 00:01:40,920
87
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:44,270
91
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏ importance
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+
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+ 24
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+ 00:01:44,270 --> 00:01:48,530
95
+ of studying lifespan development ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุดูˆ
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+
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+ 25
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+ 00:01:48,530 --> 00:01:50,970
99
+ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู€ life span development
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+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:50,970 --> 00:01:56,810
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+ responsibility for children is or will be a part
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+
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+ 27
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+ 00:01:56,810 --> 00:02:04,150
107
+ of our everyday lives ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:04,150 --> 00:02:08,570
111
+ ูˆุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠุชู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
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+
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+ 29
114
+ 00:02:08,570 --> 00:02:13,570
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+ ู…ู‡ุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจุดุฑ ูˆูƒุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ูˆ ูƒู€ physiotherapist
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+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:13,570 --> 00:02:19,110
119
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ the more we were
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+
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+ 31
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+ 00:02:19,110 --> 00:02:23,950
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+ learn about children the more we can better deal
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+
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+ 32
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+ 00:02:23,950 --> 00:02:27,670
127
+ with them and assist them in becoming competent
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+
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+ 33
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+ 00:02:27,670 --> 00:02:33,970
131
+ human being ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆุนู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„
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+
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+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,970 --> 00:02:39,590
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+ ู†ู…ูˆู‡ู… ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุชุนุงู…ู„ู†ุง ู…ุนู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูุถู„ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
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+
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+ 35
138
+ 00:02:39,590 --> 00:02:45,290
139
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏู…ู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูุถู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
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+
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+ 36
142
+ 00:02:47,130 --> 00:02:51,150
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+ Lifespan development give us insight about our
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+
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+ 37
146
+ 00:02:51,150 --> 00:02:57,770
147
+ development as adult as well ูƒู…ุงู† ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู€ life
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,770 --> 00:03:03,630
151
+ span development ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ development ูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:03,630 --> 00:03:07,090
155
+ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ development ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง as a human
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:07,090 --> 00:03:10,870
159
+ being ูˆ adult human beingุŒ not the geneุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:10,870 --> 00:03:15,940
163
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ to examine the
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:15,940 --> 00:03:21,240
167
+ point in the time when life begin until time when
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:21,240 --> 00:03:26,680
171
+ it ends at least life as we know it ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:34,180
175
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:34,180 --> 00:03:38,560
179
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุธุงู‡ุฑ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู…
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:38,560 --> 00:03:43,200
183
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ in thinking about the importance
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:48,820
187
+ of studying lifespan development consider the
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:48,820 --> 00:03:53,120
191
+ following research findings ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู„ู„ู€ life
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:53,120 --> 00:03:59,400
195
+ span development ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ูˆู†ุชุงุฆุฌ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:06,680
199
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ููŠ 2001 ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:06,680 --> 00:04:10,840
203
+ ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ massage therapy Facilitate the growth
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:10,840 --> 00:04:15,300
207
+ and improve the immune system functioning of
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:15,300 --> 00:04:21,680
211
+ preterm infants ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:31,230
215
+ ู†ุดุชุบู„ ู…ุณุงุฌ ู„ุทูู„ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ุฌุงุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุนุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:31,230 --> 00:04:36,710
219
+ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุณุจุน ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุซู…ุงู† ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:36,710 --> 00:04:42,830
223
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจุชุญุณู† ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:42,830 --> 00:04:49,630
227
+ ูˆุจุชุณุฑุน ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐูˆู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:49,630 --> 00:04:56,040
231
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ Secure attachment to parents in adolescence
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:56,040 --> 00:04:59,620
235
+ is linked with a host of positive outcome for
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:59,620 --> 00:05:03,500
239
+ adolescents such as positive peer relation and
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:03,500 --> 00:05:08,250
243
+ emotional well-being ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:08,250 --> 00:05:12,690
247
+ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:12,690 --> 00:05:17,070
251
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุจูˆูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:17,070 --> 00:05:21,990
255
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงู†ุจ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:21,990 --> 00:05:28,090
259
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ emotional ูˆุงู„ู€ being ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:28,090 --> 00:05:28,690
263
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:42,460 --> 00:05:47,400
267
+ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:47,400 --> 00:05:52,080
271
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:56,880
275
+ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:56,880 --> 00:06:02,810
279
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงุชุญุณู†ุช ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉุŒ ุงุชุฒูˆุฏ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:02,810 --> 00:06:06,570
283
+ ู…ู† ูุชุฑุฉ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† The historical perspective,
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:06,730 --> 00:06:10,990
287
+ traditional and lifespan approach it ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:10,990 --> 00:06:13,050
291
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:13,050 --> 00:06:13,370
295
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:13,370 --> 00:06:15,890
299
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:15,890 --> 00:06:19,550
303
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:19,550 --> 00:06:25,530
307
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:25,530 --> 00:06:28,330
311
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:28,330 --> 00:06:29,150
315
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:29,150 --> 00:06:34,930
319
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:34,930 --> 00:06:41,390
323
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:41,390 --> 00:06:46,390
327
+ development ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ูˆุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:46,390 --> 00:06:51,130
331
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ blue ูˆุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:51,130 --> 00:06:56,270
335
+ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ adult hood ุงู„ู€ blue ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุงุด ุฃูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:56,270 --> 00:07:01,590
339
+ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนู…ุฑ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:01,590 --> 00:07:05,720
343
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ traditional
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:10,140
347
+ approach ุจุชุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:10,140 --> 00:07:14,660
351
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:14,660 --> 00:07:19,880
355
+ ูŠุตู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชู‚ู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:19,880 --> 00:07:23,460
359
+ ุจุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:23,460 --> 00:07:28,840
363
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุบ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุชุนุชุจุฑ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:28,840 --> 00:07:34,760
367
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:34,760 --> 00:07:40,140
371
+ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:40,140 --> 00:07:44,860
375
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ in contrast,
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:45,220 --> 00:07:49,220
379
+ the lifespan approach emphasizes developmental
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:49,220 --> 00:07:53,220
383
+ changes during adulthood as well as its childhood
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:54,300 --> 00:07:59,300
387
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ life span approach ุจุฑูƒุฒ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:59,300 --> 00:08:04,200
391
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู€ stability ูˆุงู„ุซุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:04,200 --> 00:08:09,280
395
+ during developmental change ุฃูˆ during development
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:16,920
399
+ from adulthood as well as childhood ู‡ูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:23,490
403
+ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:23,490 --> 00:08:29,630
407
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ Characteristics of
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:29,630 --> 00:08:34,350
411
+ Lifespan Perspective Baldist View ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:34,350 --> 00:08:39,950
415
+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ู†
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:39,950 --> 00:08:45,690
419
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ life span
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:45,690 --> 00:08:50,060
423
+ development ูˆุญู†ุฌู„ู‡ุง ู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ ุจุงู„ุชุณ if you
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:50,060 --> 00:08:56,140
427
+ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุชุณ the lifespan perspective involves that
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:56,140 --> 00:09:00,600
431
+ ุฃูˆ involve these basic contents development is
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:05,880
435
+ lifelong multidimensional multidirectional plastic
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:05,880 --> 00:09:11,020
439
+ contextual multidisciplinary and involve a growth
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:11,020 --> 00:09:17,400
443
+ maintenance and regulation ุฅุฐุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู„ู€
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:22,320
447
+ characteristics of lifespan development ู…ู† ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:27,360
451
+ ุจุงู„ุชุณ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ู€ development ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:31,680
455
+ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:31,680 --> 00:09:36,380
459
+ lifelong ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ multidimensional ูˆ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:36,380 --> 00:09:42,350
463
+ multidirectional ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ูˆู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ุญุงุจ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:42,350 --> 00:09:48,030
467
+ ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ development ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ plasticุŒ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:48,030 --> 00:09:51,470
471
+ changeุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ contextualุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:51,470 --> 00:09:56,410
475
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ multidisciplinaryุŒ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตุงุชุŒ ูˆ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:56,410 --> 00:10:01,190
479
+ involves growth, maintenance and regulationุŒ ุชุดู…ู„
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:01,190 --> 00:10:06,450
483
+ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ maintenanceุŒ ุงู„ุซุจุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุกุŒ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:06,450 --> 00:10:12,530
487
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู… Some contemporary concerns
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:12,530 --> 00:10:17,470
491
+ development and wellbeing of children and adults
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:27,970 --> 00:10:33,710
495
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ูŠู…ูƒู‘ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:33,710 --> 00:10:41,290
499
+ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:41,290 --> 00:10:47,290
503
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจุงู„ development ูˆ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:47,290 --> 00:10:53,210
507
+ ุงู„ู€ well-being ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆ ู„ู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:53,210 --> 00:10:59,330
511
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ scientists ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:59,330 --> 00:11:05,370
515
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตุงู†ุนูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:05,370 --> 00:11:10,720
519
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุŒ among the important contemporary
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:10,720 --> 00:11:16,560
523
+ concerns are
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:16,560 --> 00:11:22,360
527
+ family issues, parenting, education, socio-cultural
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:30,280
531
+ context and social policy ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:30,280 --> 00:11:37,130
535
+ life span development ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:37,130 --> 00:11:43,450
539
+ family issuesุŒ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:43,450 --> 00:11:48,190
543
+ ุฅุฒุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ parenting ุงู„ุฃุจูˆุฉ ูˆ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:48,190 --> 00:11:52,510
547
+ developmentุŒ ุงู„ู€ education ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:52,510 --> 00:11:56,510
551
+ developmentุŒ ุงู„ู€ social cultural context ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:56,510 --> 00:12:02,210
555
+ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงููŠ and social policy ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:02,210 --> 00:12:06,350
559
+ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ three important socio
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:06,350 --> 00:12:11,210
563
+ -cultural contexts are culture, ethnicity and
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:11,210 --> 00:12:17,290
567
+ genderุŒ ุชู„ุช ุดุบู„ุงุช ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ูˆ ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:17,290 --> 00:12:18,830
571
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ
PL9fwy3NUQKwYNsXbJilO-1J-jzYLneHBY/AXg5j9SsgvI_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,860
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:03,860 --> 00:00:07,520
7
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ life span development
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,520 --> 00:00:13,840
11
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู„ู„ life span development ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:13,840 --> 00:00:18,040
15
+ ุงู„ field of the study that examine the pattern of
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:18,040 --> 00:00:22,700
19
+ growth, change and stabilityin behavior that occur
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:22,700 --> 00:00:27,320
23
+ throughout the entire human life span ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:27,320 --> 00:00:32,220
27
+ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ุซุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:32,220 --> 00:00:37,060
31
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง entire
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:37,060 --> 00:00:42,780
35
+ human life spanLife span development theory
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:42,780 --> 00:00:47,200
39
+ provides a framework for understanding human aging
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:51,220
43
+ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ human aging ูˆ ุงู„ development
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:51,220 --> 00:00:57,540
47
+ for human aging ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ life span
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,540 --> 00:01:05,480
51
+ developmentุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ุชู‡ูŠุฃุฉ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,480 --> 00:01:10,980
55
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆุง ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ูˆ ุชุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:10,980 --> 00:01:18,720
59
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู…ู…ุซู„ ูŠุนูŠุด ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:18,720 --> 00:01:25,740
63
+ ู…ู…ุซู„ุฉุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:25,740 --> 00:01:31,140
67
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:31,140 --> 00:01:35,220
71
+ ูˆุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:35,220 --> 00:01:37,780
75
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:37,780 --> 00:01:39,580
79
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:39,580 --> 00:01:40,900
83
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:40,900 --> 00:01:40,920
87
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:44,270
91
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏimportance
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:44,270 --> 00:01:48,530
95
+ of studying lifespan development ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุดูˆ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:48,530 --> 00:01:50,970
99
+ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ life span development
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:50,970 --> 00:01:56,810
103
+ responsibility for children is or will be a part
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:56,810 --> 00:02:04,150
107
+ of our everyday livesุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:04,150 --> 00:02:08,570
111
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠุชู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:08,570 --> 00:02:13,570
115
+ ู…ู‡ุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจุดุฑ ูˆ ูƒุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ูˆ ูƒphysiotherapist
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:13,570 --> 00:02:19,110
119
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„the more we were
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:19,110 --> 00:02:23,950
123
+ learn about children the more we can better deal
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:23,950 --> 00:02:27,670
127
+ with them and assist them in becoming competent
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:27,670 --> 00:02:33,970
131
+ human being ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆ ุนู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,970 --> 00:02:39,590
135
+ ู†ู…ูˆู‡ู… ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุชุนุงู…ู„ู†ุง ู…ุนู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูุถู„ ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:39,590 --> 00:02:45,290
139
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏู…ู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูุถู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:47,130 --> 00:02:51,150
143
+ Lifespan development give us insight about our
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:51,150 --> 00:02:57,770
147
+ development as adult as well ูƒู…ุงู† ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ life
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,770 --> 00:03:03,630
151
+ span development ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ development ูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:03,630 --> 00:03:07,090
155
+ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ development ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง as a human
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:07,090 --> 00:03:10,870
159
+ being ูˆ adult human beingุŒ not the geneุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:10,870 --> 00:03:15,940
163
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑto examine the
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:15,940 --> 00:03:21,240
167
+ point in the time when life begin until time when
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:21,240 --> 00:03:26,680
171
+ it ends at least life as we know it ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:34,180
175
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:34,180 --> 00:03:38,560
179
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุธุงู‡ุฑ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู…
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:38,560 --> 00:03:43,200
183
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉin thinking about the importance
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:48,820
187
+ of studying lifespan development consider the
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:48,820 --> 00:03:53,120
191
+ following research findings ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู„ู„ life
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:53,120 --> 00:03:59,400
195
+ span development ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ูˆู†ุชุงุฆุฌ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:06,680
199
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ููŠ 2001 ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:06,680 --> 00:04:10,840
203
+ ุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ massage therapyFacilitate the growth
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:10,840 --> 00:04:15,300
207
+ and improve the immune system functioning of
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:15,300 --> 00:04:21,680
211
+ preterm infants ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:31,230
215
+ ู†ุดุชุบู„ ู…ุณุงุฌ ู„ุทูู„ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ุฌุงุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุนุฏู…ู…ูƒู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:31,230 --> 00:04:36,710
219
+ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุณุจุน ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู† ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:36,710 --> 00:04:42,830
223
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจุชุญุณู† ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:42,830 --> 00:04:49,630
227
+ ูˆุจุชุณุฑู‚ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐูˆู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:49,630 --> 00:04:56,040
231
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„Secure attachment to parents in adolescence
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:56,040 --> 00:04:59,620
235
+ is linked with a host of positive outcome for
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:59,620 --> 00:05:03,500
239
+ adolescents such as positive peer relation and
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:03,500 --> 00:05:08,250
243
+ emotional well-being ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:08,250 --> 00:05:12,690
247
+ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:12,690 --> 00:05:17,070
251
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุจูˆูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:17,070 --> 00:05:21,990
255
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ุทุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงู†ุจ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:21,990 --> 00:05:28,090
259
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ emotional ูˆ ุงู„ being ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:28,090 --> 00:05:28,690
263
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:42,460 --> 00:05:47,400
267
+ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:47,400 --> 00:05:52,080
271
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:56,880
275
+ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:56,880 --> 00:06:02,810
279
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงุชุญุณู† ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉุŒ ุงุชุฒูˆุฏ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:02,810 --> 00:06:06,570
283
+ ู…ู† ูุชุฑุฉ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† The historical perspective,
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:06,730 --> 00:06:10,990
287
+ traditional and lifespan approach itุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:10,990 --> 00:06:13,050
291
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:13,050 --> 00:06:13,370
295
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:13,370 --> 00:06:15,890
299
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:15,890 --> 00:06:19,550
303
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:19,550 --> 00:06:25,530
307
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:25,530 --> 00:06:28,330
311
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:28,330 --> 00:06:28,330
315
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:28,330 --> 00:06:29,150
319
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:29,150 --> 00:06:34,930
323
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:34,930 --> 00:06:41,390
327
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:41,390 --> 00:06:46,390
331
+ development ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ูˆุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:46,390 --> 00:06:51,130
335
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ blue ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:51,130 --> 00:06:56,270
339
+ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ adult hood ุงู„ blue ุฃูˆ ู…ุงุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุงุด ุงูŠ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:56,270 --> 00:07:01,590
343
+ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุจู‚ู„ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนู…ุฑ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:01,590 --> 00:07:05,720
347
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ traditional
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:10,140
351
+ approach ุจุชุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:10,140 --> 00:07:14,660
355
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:14,660 --> 00:07:19,880
359
+ ูŠูˆุตู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชู‚ู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:19,880 --> 00:07:23,460
363
+ ุจุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:23,460 --> 00:07:28,840
367
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุบ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎูˆุฎุฉุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุชุนุชุจุฑ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:28,840 --> 00:07:34,760
371
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:34,760 --> 00:07:40,140
375
+ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:40,140 --> 00:07:44,860
379
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ in contrast,
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:45,220 --> 00:07:49,220
383
+ the lifespan approach emphasizes developmental
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:49,220 --> 00:07:53,220
387
+ changes during adulthood as well as its childhood
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:54,300 --> 00:07:59,300
391
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ life span approach ุจุฑูƒุฒ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:59,300 --> 00:08:04,200
395
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ stability ูˆุงู„ุซุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:04,200 --> 00:08:09,280
399
+ during developmental change ุงูˆ during development
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:16,920
403
+ from adulthood as well as childhood ู‡ูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:23,490
407
+ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:23,490 --> 00:08:29,630
411
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ Characteristics of
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:29,630 --> 00:08:34,350
415
+ Lifespan Perspective Baldist View ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:34,350 --> 00:08:39,950
419
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ู†
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:39,950 --> 00:08:45,690
423
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ life span
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:45,690 --> 00:08:50,060
427
+ developmentูˆุญู†ุฌู„ู‡ุง ุดุฎุต ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ ุจุงู„ุชุณ if you
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:50,060 --> 00:08:56,140
431
+ ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุชุณ the lifespan perspective involves that
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:56,140 --> 00:09:00,600
435
+ ุงูˆ involve these basic contents development is
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:05,880
439
+ lifelong multidimensional multidirectional plastic
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:05,880 --> 00:09:11,020
443
+ contextual multidisciplinary and involve a growth
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:11,020 --> 00:09:17,400
447
+ maintenance and regulationุฅุฐุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู„ู€
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:22,320
451
+ characteristics of lifespan development ู…ู† ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:27,360
455
+ ุจุงู„ุชุณ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ development ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:31,680
459
+ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:31,680 --> 00:09:36,380
463
+ lifelong ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ multidimensional ูˆ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:36,380 --> 00:09:42,350
467
+ multidirectional ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ูˆ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุชุญุงุจ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:42,350 --> 00:09:48,030
471
+ ู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ development ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ plasticุŒ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:48,030 --> 00:09:51,470
475
+ changeุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ contextualุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:51,470 --> 00:09:56,410
479
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ multidisciplinaryุŒ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตุงุชุŒ ูˆ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:56,410 --> 00:10:01,190
483
+ involves growth, maintenance and regulationุŒ ุชุดู…ู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:01,190 --> 00:10:06,450
487
+ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ maintenanceุŒ ุงู„ุซุจุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุกุŒ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:06,450 --> 00:10:12,530
491
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู…Some contemporary concerns
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:12,530 --> 00:10:17,470
495
+ development and wellbeing of children and adults
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:27,970 --> 00:10:33,710
499
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ูŠู…ูƒู‘ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู†
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:33,710 --> 00:10:41,290
503
+ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:41,290 --> 00:10:47,290
507
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑูˆ ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจุงู„ development ูˆ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:47,290 --> 00:10:53,210
511
+ ุงู„ will being ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆ ู„ู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:53,210 --> 00:10:59,330
515
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„ scientist ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:59,330 --> 00:11:05,370
519
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตุงู†ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุงูˆ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:05,370 --> 00:11:10,720
523
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏamong the important contemporary
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:10,720 --> 00:11:16,560
527
+ concerns are
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:16,560 --> 00:11:22,360
531
+ family issues parenting education socio cultural
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:30,280
535
+ context and social policy ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:30,280 --> 00:11:37,130
539
+ life span developmentู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:37,130 --> 00:11:43,450
543
+ family issues ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:43,450 --> 00:11:48,190
547
+ ุฅุฒุงูŠ ุงู„ parenting ุงู„ุฃุจูˆู‡ ูˆ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:48,190 --> 00:11:52,510
551
+ development ุงู„ education ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:52,510 --> 00:11:56,510
555
+ development ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ social cultural context ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:56,510 --> 00:12:02,210
559
+ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุซู‚ุงููŠand social policy ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:02,210 --> 00:12:06,350
563
+ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ three important socio
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:06,350 --> 00:12:11,210
567
+ -cultural contexts are culture, ethnicity and
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:11,210 --> 00:12:17,290
571
+ gender ุชู„ุช ุดุบู„ุงุช ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ูˆู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:17,290 --> 00:12:18,830
575
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ
576
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYNsXbJilO-1J-jzYLneHBY/VqGaLfbVVZ8.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1603 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,100
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:04,100 --> 00:00:08,500
7
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุฃูˆ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ fetal
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:08,500 --> 00:00:13,820
11
+ development ูู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ placenta ูˆู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:13,820 --> 00:00:18,420
15
+ fetal circulation ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ placenta
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:18,420 --> 00:00:24,010
19
+ ูƒุญุฌู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 15 cm ุงู„ู€ diameter ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ thickness
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,010 --> 00:00:28,450
23
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณ centimeterุŒ ุงู„ู€ weight ุชุจุนู‡ุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:28,450 --> 00:00:33,450
27
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ gram ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุตู ูƒูŠู„ูˆุŒ the placenta is
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:33,450 --> 00:00:41,150
31
+ essentially a vascular organุŒ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ placenta ุนุถูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:41,150 --> 00:00:46,390
35
+ ุบู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู€ blood supply ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ุญุฑู ุงู„ู€ A
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:46,390 --> 00:00:51,970
39
+ ู…ู†ูุตู„ ุนู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ vascular ูˆุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูุฑุฏุŒ ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:51,970 --> 00:00:56,870
43
+ vascular ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง rich of blood supplyุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:56,870 --> 00:01:03,030
47
+ ุญุฑู ุงู„ู€ A ู…ู„ุชุตู‚ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุจูƒู„ู…ุฉ vascular ูู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,030 --> 00:01:07,790
51
+ ุงู„ุนุถูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ุฏู…ูˆูŠ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ุบู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉุŒ a
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:07,790 --> 00:01:13,070
55
+ vascular organ. It's connected to the fetus by the
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:13,070 --> 00:01:16,110
59
+ umbilical cord which transmit to umbilical
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,110 --> 00:01:20,870
63
+ arteries from fetus to placenta and one umbilical
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:20,870 --> 00:01:25,650
67
+ vein from placenta to fetusุŒ ุญู„ุงุฌุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠู…ุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:25,650 --> 00:01:30,950
71
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ umbilical cordุŒ ุงู„ู€
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:30,950 --> 00:01:35,270
75
+ umbilical cord ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ one umbilical vein
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,650 --> 00:01:39,850
79
+ ูˆุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ two umbilical arteriesุŒ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ two
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:39,850 --> 00:01:44,290
83
+ umbilical arteries ูˆ one umbilical veinุŒ ุงู„ู€
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:44,290 --> 00:01:47,490
87
+ function ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ umbilical arteries ูˆ ุงู„ู€ umbilical
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:47,490 --> 00:01:52,130
91
+ vein ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ normal function of arteries and
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:52,130 --> 00:01:55,610
95
+ veins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุงุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ vein
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:55,610 --> 00:02:00,670
99
+ ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุคูƒุณุฌ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:00,670 --> 00:02:08,670
103
+ ุฃูƒุณุฌุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ arteries
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:08,670 --> 00:02:13,690
107
+ ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุณุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ูˆ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:13,690 --> 00:02:20,170
111
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:20,170 --> 00:02:27,860
115
+ ู„ุจู„ุงุณู†ุชุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠุŒ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:27,860 --> 00:02:34,120
119
+ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู†ูŠู†ุŒ it is work as a lung and
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:40,300
123
+ as a digestive system for the fetusุŒ ุงู„ู€ placenta ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:40,300 --> 00:02:47,260
127
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ูˆู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุŒ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ placenta
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:47,260 --> 00:02:52,350
131
+ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ chronic villiุŒ ุงู„ู€ chronic villi ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:52,350 --> 00:03:00,130
135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุงุฏู„ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:00,130 --> 00:03:07,210
139
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽู‡ุง ุชุนุทูŠ ู„ู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ู€
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:07,210 --> 00:03:11,410
143
+ waste products ูˆ ุงู„ู€ non-oxygenated blood ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ุงู†ูŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:11,410 --> 00:03:15,800
147
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆุจุชุงุฎุฏ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:15,800 --> 00:03:19,440
151
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ oxygen ูˆุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ nutrients ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:25,000
155
+ ู„ู„ุฌู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:26,520
159
+ chronic villi.
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:30,060 --> 00:03:35,580
163
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุงุฏู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:35,580 --> 00:03:39,580
167
+ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุชุŒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุงุฑูŠุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:39,580 --> 00:03:47,400
171
+ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุกู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:47,400 --> 00:03:55,160
175
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:55,160 --> 00:04:00,280
179
+ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุŒ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ placenta ููŠ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:00,280 --> 00:04:04,360
183
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ umbilical cordุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:04,360 --> 00:04:08,240
187
+ two umbilical arteries ูˆ one umbilical veinุŒ ููŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:08,240 --> 00:04:13,700
191
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ ductus venosus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:13,700 --> 00:04:20,810
195
+ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู„ู€ liverุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:20,810 --> 00:04:25,150
199
+ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ inferior vena cavaุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ heart
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:25,150 --> 00:04:32,360
203
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ aortaุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:32,360 --> 00:04:37,180
207
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุฑุฆูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู†
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:37,180 --> 00:04:43,260
211
+ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:43,260 --> 00:04:46,980
215
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:46,980 --> 00:04:51,860
219
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† rich blood supplyุŒ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:51,860 --> 00:04:57,700
223
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุทุจุนุง low oxygen supplyุŒ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ high
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:57,700 --> 00:05:02,460
227
+ ุฃูˆ rich oxygen supplyุŒ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ low oxygen
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:02,460 --> 00:05:06,920
231
+ supplyุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุจู†ูุณุฌูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ mixed blood
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:13,820
235
+ ู…ุญู„ุงุฌ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูุฑุฌ ูˆู†ุดูˆู
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:13,820 --> 00:05:19,820
239
+ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‘ูŽู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฃูˆ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:19,820 --> 00:05:24,210
243
+ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ fetal
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:24,210 --> 00:05:29,450
247
+ circulation ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู†
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:29,450 --> 00:05:37,950
251
+ ุงู„ู€ placentaุŒ ุงู„ู€ umbilical veinุŒ ุงู„ู€ ductus venosus
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:37,950 --> 00:05:45,310
255
+ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ inferior
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:45,310 --> 00:05:46,650
259
+ vena cava.
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:51,020 --> 00:05:55,240
263
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ ductus arteriosus ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:55,240 --> 00:06:01,400
267
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ pulmonary artery ูˆ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:01,400 --> 00:06:06,940
271
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุทุฉุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ foramen ovale ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:06,940 --> 00:06:10,900
275
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ septum ุงู„ู€ wall ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:10,900 --> 00:06:16,040
279
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ right side of the
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:16,040 --> 00:06:20,420
283
+ heart to the left side of the heartุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:20,420 --> 00:06:32,080
287
+ umbilical arteriesุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:39,700
291
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุณุฌ ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ placenta
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:45,270 --> 00:06:51,990
295
+ ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ placenta ูˆุจูŠู…ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:51,990 --> 00:06:58,170
299
+ ductus venosusุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ ductus venosus ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:58,170 --> 00:07:09,410
303
+ ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ู€ heartุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠุนุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ heart ู…ู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:09,410 --> 00:07:14,030
307
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ inferior vena cavaุŒ ุงู„ู€ inferior vena cava
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:14,030 --> 00:07:14,690
311
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:17,280 --> 00:07:21,600
315
+ ุงู„ู€ right atrium ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง fillingุŒ ุงู„ู€ right
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:27,860
319
+ ventricle ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง fillingุŒ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุณุฌ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:27,860 --> 00:07:32,080
323
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ right
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:32,080 --> 00:07:38,120
327
+ ventricleุŒ ูˆุฌุฒุก ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ foramen
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:38,120 --> 00:07:44,100
331
+ ovale ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู€ left
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:44,100 --> 00:07:50,220
335
+ atriumุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ left ventricleุŒ ุงู„ู€ left
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:50,220 --> 00:07:59,660
339
+ ventricle ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุถุฎ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุณุฌ ู…ู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:59,660 --> 00:08:05,860
343
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุทุฉุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆุจูŠุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:05,860 --> 00:08:12,160
347
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ right
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:12,160 --> 00:08:17,480
351
+ ventricleุŒ ุงู„ู€ right ventricle ุจูŠุถุฎ ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:17,480 --> 00:08:26,300
355
+ pulmonary arteryุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูˆูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:26,300 --> 00:08:32,340
359
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lungsุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ lungs ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:32,340 --> 00:08:40,660
363
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† unfunctional lungsุŒ ู…ุงุจุชุดุชุบู„ุด ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ุฉ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:40,660 --> 00:08:48,540
367
+ ูุจูŠุถุทุฑ ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุบุฐูŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:48,540 --> 00:08:53,580
371
+ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ุจูŠุบุฐูŠ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ุงุณู ุจูŠุบุฐูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:53,580 --> 00:09:00,880
375
+ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:00,880 --> 00:09:10,120
379
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุถุฎู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ pulmonary artery ุฒูŠ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:10,120 --> 00:09:13,780
383
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุณุจุฉ 8%
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:13,780 --> 00:09:29,680
387
+ ุจุชุบุฐูŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ left ventricle ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุทุฉ ุฒูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:29,680 --> 00:09:34,500
391
+ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู€ alveolus ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ alveoli ุญูˆุงุตู„ุงุช
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:34,500 --> 00:09:39,440
395
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ุฉ not activated in the lungs
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:39,440 --> 00:09:47,400
399
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุฏู… ูู‚ุท ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู†
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:47,400 --> 00:09:54,400
403
+ ูˆุจูŠุฑุฌุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุญุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ ductus
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:54,400 --> 00:10:01,120
407
+ arteriosusุŒ ุงู„ู€ ductus arteriosus ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:01,120 --> 00:10:05,880
411
+ pulmonary artery ู„ู„ุฃูˆุฑุทุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ pulmonary artery
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:11,220
415
+ ู„ู„ุฃูˆุฑุทุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุทุฉ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุจุฏุฎ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ูƒู„ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู…
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:26,150 --> 00:10:32,330
419
+ 8% ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ pulmonary artery
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:32,330 --> 00:10:37,370
423
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ lungs
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:40,570 --> 00:10:45,890
427
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฃูˆุฑุทุฉุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:45,890 --> 00:10:52,950
431
+ ู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฏู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุคูƒุณุฌ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:52,950 --> 00:10:58,770
435
+ ุงู„ู€ pulmonary arteries ูˆุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ placenta ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชู…
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:58,770 --> 00:11:04,030
439
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุงุฏู„ุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุชู… ุฌุณ ุงู„ู€ umbilical
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:04,030 --> 00:11:10,870
443
+ cordุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:10,870 --> 00:11:16,710
447
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ุŒ ุงู„ู€ ductus arteriosus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุชุณูƒุฑ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:16,710 --> 00:11:22,850
451
+ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุชุตู„ ู„ู„ู€ alveoli ูˆุชุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุงุฏู„
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:22,850 --> 00:11:29,510
455
+ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุŒ ุงู„ู€ ductus venosus ู‡ูŠุชู… ุชูˆู‚ูู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:29,510 --> 00:11:36,170
459
+ ductus venosus ู‡ุชุชูˆู‚ู ูˆู‡ุชุณูƒุฑ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠุธู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:36,170 --> 00:11:40,990
463
+ inferior vena cava ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ non-oxygenated blood
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:40,990 --> 00:11:45,770
467
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุทูู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:45,770 --> 00:11:51,130
471
+ ุจุนุฏ ูˆู„ุงุฏุชู‡ุŒ ุฏู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุคูƒุณุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:51,130 --> 00:11:54,730
475
+ ุงู„ู€ superior vena cava ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู†
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:54,730 --> 00:11:59,430
479
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ูˆุจุชู… ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:59,430 --> 00:12:04,520
483
+ right ventricle ุจุฏุฎ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:04,520 --> 00:12:10,000
487
+ oxygen ูˆุชุจุงุฏู„ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุชุŒ ุงู„ู€ left ventricle ุจุฏุฎ ุงู„ุฏู…
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:16,440
491
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุทุฉ ูˆุจูŠุฏุฎ ู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:16,440 --> 00:12:21,940
495
+ ุดูู†ุง ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ fetus ููŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:21,940 --> 00:12:30,440
499
+ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฑุญู…
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:30,440 --> 00:12:35,600
503
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ from nine weeks after conception to
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:35,600 --> 00:12:42,000
507
+ birth ูˆุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ period of fetus
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:52,540
511
+ conception to birth ู…ู† ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุตุงุจ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:52,540 --> 00:12:57,420
515
+ increase in size and systems begin to function
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:58,710 --> 00:13:04,710
519
+ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุนู†ุฏู‡
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:13:04,710 --> 00:13:13,570
523
+ ุชุดุชุบู„ age of viability 22 ู„ 28 ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:13:13,570 --> 00:13:19,350
527
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุชุจุงุช ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:13:19,350 --> 00:13:24,130
531
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุญูŠ ูƒุงุฆู† ุญูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ุฑ 22 ุฅู„ู‰ 30
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:27,520 --> 00:13:33,680
535
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ุฑ 22 ุฅู„ู‰ 28 ุฃุณุจูˆุน ููŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:33,680 --> 00:13:38,000
539
+ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† by the end of the
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:43,380
543
+ first month the embryo is about one ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:43,380 --> 00:13:48,960
547
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ of an inch ุนุดุฑ ุงู†ุด ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ููŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:48,960 --> 00:13:54,520
551
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ู…ุด ู…ุจูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ูุตู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู†ู‡
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:54,520 --> 00:13:59,660
555
+ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ the heart which is no
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:59,660 --> 00:14:06,120
559
+ larger than an obesity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฏ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:16,420
563
+ ู„ุจ ู…ู† ู„ุจ ุงู„ุจุฐุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ Clementina ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ูˆููŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:16,420 --> 00:14:19,820
567
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูŠู†ุจุถ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:29,440
571
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:14:29,440 --> 00:14:35,700
575
+ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒูŠูุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูƒุจุฑุฉ ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุชุŒ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:35,700 --> 00:14:42,320
579
+ ู…ูƒุจุฑุฉ ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ the embryo is
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:14:42,320 --> 00:14:48,720
583
+ about one inch length ุทูˆู„ู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู†ุด has a
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:14:48,720 --> 00:14:54,520
587
+ distinct slightly webbed fingers ุชุจุฏุฃ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:54,520 --> 00:14:59,500
591
+ ุงู„ุฃูŠุฏูŠู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ veins are clearly
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:14:59,500 --> 00:15:07,420
595
+ visible ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุฏุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูˆู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ the heart has divided
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:07,420 --> 00:15:12,840
599
+ into right and left chambers ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:12,840 --> 00:15:17,860
603
+ ู…ู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูŠู…ู† ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูŠุณุฑ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:20,120 --> 00:15:28,600
607
+ ู‡ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนู…ุฑ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:34,000
611
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุทูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุด
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:37,540 --> 00:15:43,500
615
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุนู…ุฑ three months ุชู„ุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ by now the fetus is
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:15:43,500 --> 00:15:47,760
619
+ two and a half to three inches length ุทูˆู„ู‡ ู…ู†
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:15:47,760 --> 00:15:52,360
623
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู†ุด ุฃูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู†ุด ููŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:15:52,360 --> 00:15:59,080
627
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ ุณู… ูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:15:59,080 --> 00:16:05,770
631
+ ู†ุต ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ ุณู… ูˆ ู†ุต ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุทูˆู„ู‡ and is
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:16:05,770 --> 00:16:11,470
635
+ fully formed ูƒู„ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ูˆุงู„
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:11,470 --> 00:16:16,010
639
+ upper ูˆ lower extremities ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ู…ูƒุชู…ู„ุฉ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:16,010 --> 00:16:19,830
643
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุนุŒ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ upper limbsุŒ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:19,830 --> 00:16:20,930
647
+ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ lower limbs
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:24,150 --> 00:16:28,410
651
+ he has begun swallowing and kicking ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:28,410 --> 00:16:34,410
655
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุน ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุจู„ุน ู„ู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:16:34,410 --> 00:16:40,090
659
+ ุงู„ุฑูุณ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฑูุณ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:16:40,090 --> 00:16:46,050
663
+ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:16:46,050 --> 00:16:51,830
667
+ ู…ุญุณูˆุณุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุญุณ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:16:51,830 --> 00:16:57,190
671
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† All organs and muscles have formed and
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:16:57,190 --> 00:17:03,690
675
+ are beginning to function ูƒู„ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒู„ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:17:03,690 --> 00:17:10,210
679
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุฒูŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:17:10,210 --> 00:17:13,770
683
+ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ digestive system ูˆ ุงู„ respiratory
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:17:13,770 --> 00:17:18,910
687
+ system ุนู†ุฏ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:17:18,910 --> 00:17:20,990
691
+ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ fourth month
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:17:28,990 --> 00:17:35,070
695
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠุบุทู‰ ุจุทุจู‚ุฉ ูƒุซูŠูุฉ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:17:35,070 --> 00:17:40,530
699
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ุจุทู† ุฃูˆ ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ุญู…ู„
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:17:44,650 --> 00:17:49,890
703
+ Clearly ู†ุจุถุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุตุงุฑุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญุง The mother may
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:17:49,890 --> 00:17:55,050
707
+ feel baby's first kick ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุญุณ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:17:55,050 --> 00:18:00,590
711
+ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:18:00,590 --> 00:18:02,290
715
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:18:05,500 --> 00:18:11,680
719
+ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุนู‡ ุตุงุฑ ูˆูƒูŠู ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ูƒู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:18:11,680 --> 00:18:23,020
723
+ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ุชูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ู†ู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู… five
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:18:23,020 --> 00:18:28,000
727
+ months ุนู†ุฏ ุฎู…ุณ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ a protective coating called
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:28,720
731
+ vernix
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:18:31,080 --> 00:18:35,700
735
+ ุงู„ูุฑู†ูŠูƒุณ ุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:18:35,700 --> 00:18:40,600
739
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ูุฑู†ูŠูƒุณ ุชุชูƒูˆู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:18:40,600 --> 00:18:48,020
743
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ by the end of this month the baby
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:18:48,020 --> 00:18:53,520
747
+ will be nearly eight inch long and weight almost a
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:18:53,520 --> 00:18:59,140
751
+ pound ุจู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทูˆู„ู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:59,140 --> 00:19:09,860
755
+ ุงู†ุด ูˆูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ one pound ุทุจู‚ุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:19:09,860 --> 00:19:15,800
759
+ ุงู„ vernix ุงู„ูุฑู†ูŠูƒุณ ู‡ูŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:19:15,800 --> 00:19:23,800
763
+ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆุจูŠุฎู„ูˆู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:19:23,800 --> 00:19:30,060
767
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุจุชุฒูˆุฏ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:19:30,060 --> 00:19:37,060
771
+ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† at six months ุนู†ุฏ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:19:44,190 --> 00:19:50,750
775
+ ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุด ูˆุงู„ุญูˆุงุฌุจ ุฃุตุจุญุช ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญุง ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุด
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:19:50,750 --> 00:19:51,310
779
+ ุฃุตุจุญุช ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญุง ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุด ูˆุงู„ุญูˆุงุฌุจ ุฃุตุจุญุช
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:19:51,310 --> 00:19:55,950
783
+ ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญุง ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุด ูˆุงู„ุญูˆุงุฌุจ ุฃุตุจุญุช ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:19:55,950 --> 00:19:56,370
787
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญุง ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุด ูˆุงู„ุญูˆุงุฌุจ ุฃุตุจุญุช ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:19:56,370 --> 00:20:01,230
791
+ ูˆุถูˆุญุง ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุด ูˆุงู„ุญูˆุงุฌุจ ุฃุตุจุญุช ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:20:01,230 --> 00:20:08,450
795
+ ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุด ูˆุงู„ุญูˆุงุฌุจ ุฃุตุจุญุช ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุถูˆุญุง ู…ุง ููŠุด ุงู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:20:08,450 --> 00:20:13,030
799
+ function of breathing ู…ุง ููŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ู‡ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:20:13,030 --> 00:20:21,550
803
+ ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ exercises ูˆุชู…ุงุฑูŠู† ู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ the
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:20:21,550 --> 00:20:27,270
807
+ fetus start to hear sounds ุนู† ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:20:27,270 --> 00:20:32,030
811
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูŠุณู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุง ุจูŠุณู…ุน ู†ุจุถุงุช ู‚ู„ุจ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:20:32,030 --> 00:20:36,150
815
+ ุงู„ุฃู… ุจูŠุณู…ุน ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุนูˆุฏ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:20:36,150 --> 00:20:41,440
819
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:46,740
823
+ ุงุชุนูˆุฏูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู„ูˆ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:20:46,740 --> 00:20:52,020
827
+ ุณู…ุนูˆู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุทูู„ ุจูŠุจูƒูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณูƒุช
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:20:52,020 --> 00:20:56,120
831
+ ูˆูŠู‡ุฏุฃ ู„ูˆ ุณู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุนูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:56,120 --> 00:21:01,760
835
+ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฃู… ุชุนูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุชุณู…ุน ู‚ุฑุขู† ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:21:01,760 --> 00:21:06,300
839
+ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠุจุฏุฃ .. ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:21:06,300 --> 00:21:12,480
843
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุจูƒูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทุช ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุณูƒุช
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:17,820
847
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูˆูŠู†ุชุจู‡ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตูˆุช ู…ุชุนูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุฃู† ุฃู…ู‡ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:21:17,820 --> 00:21:22,480
851
+ ู…ู†ู‡ ุทุจู‚ุฉ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:21:22,480 --> 00:21:28,720
855
+ ุงู„ vernix ุงู„ูุฑู†ูŠูƒุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ skin ู‡ูŠ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:36,990
859
+ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจูŠุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุฑุงุก ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:21:36,990 --> 00:21:43,850
863
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† seven months by the end of
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:21:43,850 --> 00:21:47,750
867
+ the seven month the baby weight about three and a
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:47,750 --> 00:21:52,670
871
+ half pounds ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต pound and it is
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:52,670 --> 00:21:59,270
875
+ about twelve inch long ูˆุทูˆู„ู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฅุซู†ู‰ ุนุดุฑ ุงู†ุด his
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:59,270 --> 00:22:04,890
879
+ body is well formed ูƒู„ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ูˆูƒู„
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:04,890 --> 00:22:10,690
883
+ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช fingernails cover his
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:10,690 --> 00:22:16,650
887
+ fingertips ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุธุงูุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ูˆุจุฏุช ุชุบุทูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:16,650 --> 00:22:24,950
891
+ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน ูˆ ุฑุคูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:24,950 --> 00:22:31,900
895
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:22:31,900 --> 00:22:38,740
899
+ ู…ูƒุชู…ู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุนู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุน
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:38,740 --> 00:22:42,960
903
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู†
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:49,340
907
+ ุจูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชุณุงุฑุน ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง eight
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:49,340 --> 00:22:53,380
911
+ months ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู† the baby is gaining about
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:53,380 --> 00:22:59,380
915
+ half a pound per week ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุต ุจุงูˆู†ุฏ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:59,380 --> 00:23:05,180
919
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† pound and
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:23:05,180 --> 00:23:09,040
923
+ layers of fat are building ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูƒูˆู† ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ู†
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:09,040 --> 00:23:14,000
927
+ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ he has probably turned head down
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:20,330
931
+ in preparation for birth ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠู„ู ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆ ูŠุฏูŠุฑ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:20,330 --> 00:23:26,610
935
+ ุฑุฃุณู‡ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ูˆ ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ he
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:26,610 --> 00:23:30,250
939
+ weights between four to six pounds ูˆูˆุฒู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:30,250 --> 00:23:36,900
943
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุชุฉ pound ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงุณุน the
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:36,900 --> 00:23:43,200
947
+ baby is hefty six to seven pounds ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:43,200 --> 00:23:46,900
951
+ ุณุชุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ pound measures between ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุฅุซู†ู‰ ุนุดุฑ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:46,900 --> 00:23:54,740
955
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงู†ุด as he becomes more crowded the
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:54,740 --> 00:24:00,520
959
+ mother feel him move around less ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:24:00,520 --> 00:24:05,480
963
+ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุถูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:10,160
967
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุชู‡ ุจุชู‚ู„ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุนุถ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:10,160 --> 00:24:14,720
971
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู‚ู„ุช
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:18,300
975
+ ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุด ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:18,300 --> 00:24:23,530
979
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู‚ูˆู„ุชุฎุงู ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:23,530 --> 00:24:29,310
983
+ ุงู„ุชุงุณุน ู‡ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุตุงุฑ ุถูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:29,310 --> 00:24:35,390
987
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏ ู…ู† ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุงู„ุขู†
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:35,390 --> 00:24:41,330
991
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุจุจ ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ..
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:41,330 --> 00:24:46,560
995
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุจุจ ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ููŠ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:46,560 --> 00:24:49,960
999
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง general risk factors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ู„ู€
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:49,960 --> 00:24:53,840
1003
+ nutrition ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง adequate amount of
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:58,540
1007
+ food ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒู„ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:58,540 --> 00:25:05,130
1011
+ vitamins ูˆ minerals ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ูˆ stress ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ู†ูุณูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:25:05,130 --> 00:25:08,410
1015
+ ูƒู…ุงู† decrease oxygen to the fetus and weakness
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:25:08,410 --> 00:25:15,610
1019
+ mother's immune system ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ oxygen ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู†
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:25:15,610 --> 00:25:21,110
1023
+ ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… the mother's
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:25:21,110 --> 00:25:28,010
1027
+ age ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… neither too young nor too old ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:25:28,010 --> 00:25:32,450
1031
+ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:32,450 --> 00:25:37,510
1035
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:25:37,510 --> 00:25:45,150
1039
+ ุงู„ุฃู… ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง Teratogens ุทุจุนุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:25:45,150 --> 00:25:51,350
1043
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:51,350 --> 00:25:55,950
1047
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุฒู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:55,950 --> 00:25:59,970
1051
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุชูˆุฌูŠู†ุฒ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† environmental influences
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:25:59,970 --> 00:26:04,390
1055
+ or agents that can damage the developing organism
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:26:04,390 --> 00:26:11,910
1059
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุซุฑ ูˆ ุชุถุฑ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:26:11,910 --> 00:26:16,070
1063
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุฒู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:26:16,070 --> 00:26:22,290
1067
+ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุนุฉ ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุชุงุฎุฏ ุจุนุถ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:26:22,290 --> 00:26:27,110
1071
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ chemicals ูˆ ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:26:27,110 --> 00:26:34,430
1075
+ ุชุนุชุจุฑ teratogens ูˆุชุณุจุจ ุถุฑุฑ ู„ู„ุญู…ู„ many diseases
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:26:34,430 --> 00:26:38,890
1079
+ pass through the placenta directly and attack the
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:26:38,890 --> 00:26:43,090
1083
+ fetus ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:26:43,090 --> 00:26:49,130
1087
+ ู„ู„ุฌู†ูŠู† potentially dangerous drugs not limited to
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:26:49,130 --> 00:26:54,070
1091
+ cocaine include alcohol and caffeine ุทุจุนุง ู‡๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุง
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:54,070 --> 00:27:00,350
1095
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏู…ู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุงูˆู„
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:27:00,350 --> 00:27:07,630
1099
+ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุชุคุซุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู„ุจูŠ ูˆ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:27:07,630 --> 00:27:14,790
1103
+ ู„ู„ developing organism ุฃูˆ ุงู„ developing fetus ุงู„ู€
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:27:14,790 --> 00:27:19,470
1107
+ Environmental hazards are treacherous because we
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:27:19,470 --> 00:27:25,410
1111
+ are often unaware of their presence ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:27:25,410 --> 00:27:29,890
1115
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠ ู…ุซู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:27:29,890 --> 00:27:35,210
1119
+ ุงู„ุงุณุจุณุชูˆุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุจุณุช ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุจุณุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:27:35,210 --> 00:27:42,150
1123
+ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ู…ุง ุจู†ู†ุชุจู‡ุด ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฏู…ุงุฑ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:27:42,150 --> 00:27:51,270
1127
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:27:51,270 --> 00:27:58,490
1131
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ูƒู… ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:27:58,490 --> 00:28:02,910
1135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุงุชุนุฑุถุช ุงู„ุฃู… ู„ู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:28:02,910 --> 00:28:06,930
1139
+ Teratogen ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:14,540
1143
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ embryo ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุทุจุนุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:28:14,540 --> 00:28:21,160
1147
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆ ุงุชุนุฑุถุช ุงู„ุฃู… ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฃูŠุงู…
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:28:21,160 --> 00:28:26,420
1151
+ Lateral genes ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ูˆุซ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:28:26,420 --> 00:28:31,960
1155
+ ุฃูŠ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ู€ zygote ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:35,340
1159
+ ุงู„ู€ zygote ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌู‡ุงุถ ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:28:35,340 --> 00:28:40,960
1163
+ prenatal death ุงู„ death ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ fetus ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุฃูˆ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:53,000
1167
+ ุงู„ู…ุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† 3,4,5,6,7,8,9
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:28:53,000 --> 00:29:03,520
1171
+ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุดูƒู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:08,060
1175
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุฃูˆ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ first trimester ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุชู„ุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:08,060 --> 00:29:15,200
1179
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฎุงุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:29:15,200 --> 00:29:19,420
1183
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:29:19,420 --> 00:29:24,620
1187
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ูˆ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู„ูˆ ุงุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ููŠ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:29:24,620 --> 00:29:29,800
1191
+ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:29:29,800 --> 00:29:36,110
1195
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทุฑุงู ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุน
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:29:36,110 --> 00:29:39,630
1199
+ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ููŠ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:29:39,630 --> 00:29:44,710
1203
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ุชุดูˆู‡ุงุช
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:29:44,710 --> 00:29:50,350
1207
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:29:50,350 --> 00:29:55,110
1211
+ ุชุนุฑุถุช ุงู„ุฃู… ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:29:55,110 --> 00:30:01,010
1215
+ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ุชุดูˆู‡ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:30:03,580 --> 00:30:08,600
1219
+ ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏ ุชุณุน ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุชุณุน ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฃูˆ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุทุจุนุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:30:08,600 --> 00:30:13,340
1223
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู‚ู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏ ุชุณุน ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:30:13,340 --> 00:30:17,460
1227
+ brain ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ damage ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ุฎุตูˆุตุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:30:17,460 --> 00:30:22,240
1231
+ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุจุณ ูู‚ุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:30:22,240 --> 00:30:26,620
1235
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุฃ ุทูˆู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃู… ุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:30:26,620 --> 00:30:34,110
1239
+ ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:30:34,110 --> 00:30:38,730
1243
+ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅุนุงู‚ุงุช ุฅุฐุง ุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:30:38,730 --> 00:30:44,510
1247
+ teratogens ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:30:44,510 --> 00:30:49,870
1251
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ู„ู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุขู†
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:30:49,870 --> 00:30:59,310
1255
+ ุชู…ุช ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆุจุฏุฃ ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:31:02,310 --> 00:31:07,650
1259
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู† ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฑุญู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:31:07,650 --> 00:31:14,810
1263
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู† ุนุถู„ุงุช
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:31:14,810 --> 00:31:21,550
1267
+ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ู‚ุจุถ ู„ู…ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ู‚ุจุถ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฌุฏุงุฑ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:31:21,550 --> 00:31:27,550
1271
+ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:31:27,550 --> 00:31:35,730
1275
+ ุงู„ุทู„ู‚ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:31:35,730 --> 00:31:44,130
1279
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุจุงุถุงุช ููŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชูˆุณุน ููŠ ุนู†ู‚ ุงู„ุฑุญู…
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:31:44,130 --> 00:31:48,730
1283
+ the cervix is taken into the body of the uterus so
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:31:48,730 --> 00:31:55,290
1287
+ that the birth canal is wide ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุณุน ูˆุชุชูˆุณุน
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:31:55,290 --> 00:32:02,320
1291
+ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ cervical dilatation begins and
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:32:02,320 --> 00:32:06,360
1295
+ especially after the fetal head enters the birth
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:14,140
1299
+ canal ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠููˆุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:32:14,140 --> 00:32:21,190
1303
+ cervix ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุนู†ู‚ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุทุจุนุง ุนู†ู‚ ุงู„ุฑุญู…
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:32:21,190 --> 00:32:26,410
1307
+ ูŠุชูˆุณุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง the receptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:32:26,410 --> 00:32:31,530
1311
+ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ู‚ ุงู„ุฑุญู… are stimulated ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ู…
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:32:31,530 --> 00:32:37,510
1315
+ ุชู†ุจูŠู‡ which reflexively causes secretion of
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:32:37,510 --> 00:32:43,690
1319
+ oxytocin ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ stretch ููŠ ุนู†ู‚
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:32:43,690 --> 00:32:50,000
1323
+ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุชุจุฏุฃ ูŠูุฑุฒ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ oxytocin ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ posterior
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:55,880
1327
+ pituitary gland ุงู„ู€ oxytocin ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:32:55,880 --> 00:33:00,160
1331
+ ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถุงุช ุงู„ muscles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู…
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:06,880
1335
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชูˆุณุน ู„ุนู†ู‚ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุงุฐุง ุจูŠูˆุณุน ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:33:06,880 --> 00:33:14,560
1339
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถุงุช ุงู„ุฑุญู… ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุฃูˆ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:33:14,560 --> 00:33:19,780
1343
+ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ stage one ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:33:19,780 --> 00:33:26,200
1347
+ ุจุชุดู…ู„ dilatation of the cervix ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:33:26,200 --> 00:33:33,800
1351
+ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ stretching ู„ู„ุฑุญู… ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:33:33,800 --> 00:33:38,670
1355
+ ุชุชูˆุณุน ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ Contractions are greatest and
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:33:38,670 --> 00:33:43,270
1359
+ the cervix opens completely ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุจุงุถุงุช
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:33:43,270 --> 00:33:53,170
1363
+ ู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุชุชูˆุณุน ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ูˆ ุจุชูุชุญ ูƒุงู…ู„ุง ุญูŠุซ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:33:53,170 --> 00:34:00,310
1367
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุณู…ุญ ุจู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:34:00,310 --> 00:34:07,120
1371
+ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:34:07,120 --> 00:34:15,100
1375
+ ุจูŠูƒุชู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:34:15,100 --> 00:34:22,320
1379
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุทุฑุฏ ุฃูˆ ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ placenta ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠู…ุฉ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:34:22,320 --> 00:34:29,280
1383
+ ูˆ ุจุชุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Contractions ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:34:29,280 --> 00:34:35,560
1387
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุณุญุจู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุฒูŠู ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ู„ุชุณู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:34:35,560 --> 00:34:42,060
1391
+ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ OM ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู†ุฒุนู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:34:42,060 --> 00:34:46,640
1395
+ ุฑุจุดุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ู„ู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:34:46,640 --> 00:34:51,360
1399
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุตุจุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุฒูŠู
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:34:55,030 --> 00:35:01,590
1403
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:35:01,590 --> 00:35:07,760
1407
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฑุญู…
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:35:07,760 --> 00:35:12,940
1411
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆุณุน ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:35:12,940 --> 00:35:20,560
1415
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชูˆุณุน ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุจุนุฏ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:35:20,560 --> 00:35:25,940
1419
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุจุนุฏ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:35:25,940 --> 00:35:30,080
1423
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:35:30,080 --> 00:35:33,960
1427
+ placenta ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ placenta ุจุนุฏ ุงูƒุชู…ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:35:33,960 --> 00:35:40,390
1431
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ูˆ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:35:40,390 --> 00:35:46,470
1435
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุดุฑุญ ู„ู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:35:46,470 --> 00:35:54,450
1439
+ ุนู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุฏู†ุง
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:35:54,450 --> 00:36:00,450
1443
+ ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุนุถ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:36:00,450 --> 00:36:07,060
1447
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุทุจุนุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ test ููŠู‡ immediate
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:36:07,060 --> 00:36:12,840
1451
+ assessment ูุญุต ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:36:12,840 --> 00:36:17,600
1455
+ evaluation ู„ู„ respiratory and cardiac function ูุญุต
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:23,380
1459
+ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ูˆ ูุญุต ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ test ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:36:23,380 --> 00:36:30,180
1463
+ Apgar test ุงู„ู€ Apgar test ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฏุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:36:30,180 --> 00:36:36,770
1467
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† one minute ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุฅุฐุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:36:36,770 --> 00:36:43,930
1471
+ ุฒุงุฏุช ุนู† ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุนู…ู„ ุนุดุงู†ู‡
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:36:43,930 --> 00:36:52,810
1475
+ ูˆ ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ูƒูุญุต ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠููŠุฏู†ุง ุจูŠูุญุต ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ heart
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:36:52,810 --> 00:36:58,220
1479
+ rate ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุทุจุนุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุฎู…ุณ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:36:58,220 --> 00:37:03,760
1483
+ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ absent ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุจู†ุนุทูŠู„ู‡ zero less than one
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:37:03,760 --> 00:37:07,780
1487
+ hundred ุจู†ุนุทูŠู„ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ over one hundred ุจู†ุนุทูŠู„ู‡
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:37:07,780 --> 00:37:12,840
1491
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† respiratory effort ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ุชู†ูุณุด ุงู„ุทูู„
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:37:12,840 --> 00:37:18,080
1495
+ ูŠุนุทูˆู„ู‡ absent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู„ู‡ zero slow and irregular
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:37:18,080 --> 00:37:24,200
1499
+ ุจุทูŠุก ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ุจูŠุนุทูˆู„ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ crying ุจูŠุนุทูˆู„ู‡ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:32,570
1503
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠุจุตุฑุฎ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุจูƒูŠุŒ muscle tone ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:37:32,570 --> 00:37:38,610
1507
+ flaccid ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ zeroุŒ some affliction of extremity
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:37:38,610 --> 00:37:43,090
1511
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ active movement ุจูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:37:43,090 --> 00:37:49,010
1515
+ ุงู„ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ reflex irritability ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:37:49,010 --> 00:37:54,870
1519
+ ู…ุงููŠ ุฃูŠ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ูุนู„ ุฃูˆ reflexes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ูุญุต
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:37:54,870 --> 00:38:01,950
1523
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ zeroุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† weak cry ุจูŠุจูƒูŠ ู„ูƒู†
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:38:01,950 --> 00:38:07,950
1527
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุถุนูŠู ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ vigorous cry ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:38:07,950 --> 00:38:16,570
1531
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุนู„ cry ุจุงู„ุจูƒุงุก ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:38:16,570 --> 00:38:21,770
1535
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ vigorous cry ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ the color ุงู„ู„ูˆู†
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:38:21,770 --> 00:38:28,120
1539
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ skin ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† blue or paleุŒ absent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:38:28,120 --> 00:38:33,480
1543
+ zeroุŒ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุงุญุจุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† pink body
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:38:33,480 --> 00:38:38,940
1547
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ entire body is pink ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:38:38,940 --> 00:38:46,040
1551
+ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ูˆุฑุฏูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:38:46,040 --> 00:38:51,820
1555
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุฌู…ุนุช ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:38:51,820 --> 00:38:56,820
1559
+ ุงู„ score ุชุจุน ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูู„
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:38:56,820 --> 00:39:02,240
1563
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ score ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุชุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู†ู‡
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:39:02,240 --> 00:39:07,140
1567
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ some assistant ูˆ special assistant
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:39:07,140 --> 00:39:12,540
1571
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠููˆุช ุงู„ุญุถุงู†ุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุถุงู†ุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:39:12,540 --> 00:39:18,900
1575
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ score ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ู…ูƒุซูุฉ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:39:18,900 --> 00:39:24,000
1579
+ ูˆุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:28,340
1583
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ the development of the fetus
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:39:28,340 --> 00:39:34,420
1587
+ ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:39:34,420 --> 00:39:39,040
1591
+ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ .. ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:39:39,040 --> 00:39:44,060
1595
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ุทู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:39:44,500 --> 00:39:46,880
1599
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:39:46,880 --> 00:39:49,820
1603
+ the Reflexes of the child
PL9fwy3NUQKwYNsXbJilO-1J-jzYLneHBY/VqGaLfbVVZ8_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwYNsXbJilO-1J-jzYLneHBY/e0Je6309y2A_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2132 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,220
3
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:03,220 --> 00:00:07,280
7
+ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ reflexes ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ reflexes
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,280 --> 00:00:13,360
11
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุงุช ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:13,360 --> 00:00:17,440
15
+ definitions of reflexes ุดูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุงู„reflexesุŸ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:20,100 --> 00:00:24,060
19
+ ูƒุชุนุฑูŠู reflexes are involuntary movements or
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,060 --> 00:00:28,240
23
+ actions some movements are spontaneous occurring
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:32,920
27
+ as a part of the baby usual activity others are
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:32,920 --> 00:00:37,920
31
+ responses to certain action generally reflexes
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:37,920 --> 00:00:41,860
35
+ will be integrated or suppressed by the age of
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:41,860 --> 00:00:49,180
39
+ nine to twelve months reflexes ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญุฑูƒุงุชู„ุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:49,180 --> 00:00:55,610
43
+ ุฅูŠุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ involuntary movementsุฃูˆ actions ุฃูˆ ุชุตุฑูุงุช
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:55,610 --> 00:01:00,670
47
+ ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† movement some movements are
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:00,670 --> 00:01:05,810
51
+ spontaneous ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠุฉ occurring as a
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,810 --> 00:01:10,010
55
+ part of the baby's usual activity ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:10,010 --> 00:01:13,770
59
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ุทูู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ normal activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:13,770 --> 00:01:19,470
63
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ others are responses to certain actionsูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:19,470 --> 00:01:25,490
67
+ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชู… ู„ุงุฒู… ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ stimulus
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:25,490 --> 00:01:30,770
71
+ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:30,770 --> 00:01:37,390
75
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ุฃุฎู…ุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:37,390 --> 00:01:46,700
79
+ scratching ู„ soul of the foot ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุชู†ุจูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:46,700 --> 00:01:52,840
83
+ ุงุณุชุซุงุฑู‡ ู„ุฃุฎู…ุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ู„ู„ุทูู„ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฑุฏุฉ ูุนู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:52,840 --> 00:01:58,960
87
+ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจ stimulus ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:58,960 --> 00:02:03,580
91
+ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ูˆุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุตุงุฑ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:03,580 --> 00:02:10,180
95
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฑุฏุฉ ูุนู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูู„ generally reflexes will
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:10,180 --> 00:02:14,160
99
+ be integrated or suppressed by the age of 9 to 12
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:14,160 --> 00:02:14,600
103
+ months
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:17,410 --> 00:02:23,610
107
+ ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ reflexes ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงุณุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:23,610 --> 00:02:29,820
111
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงุฎุชูุช ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุญู„ู… ุญู„ู‡ุง
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:29,820 --> 00:02:34,560
115
+ Reflexes ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงุชุทูˆุฑุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Reflexes ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:37,420
119
+ Reflexes ู‚ุนุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุฎู„ุงู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:37,420 --> 00:02:42,900
123
+ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู†ุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:42,900 --> 00:02:49,160
127
+ Reflexes ูˆู…ุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุธู‡ุฑ ูˆู…ุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุชููŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุนุถ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:55,980
131
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:55,980 --> 00:03:03,660
135
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ reflex ุงุชู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู„ anatomy
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:03,660 --> 00:03:05,260
139
+ ู„ู€
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:07,110 --> 00:03:11,330
143
+ ุงู„ู€ spinal cord ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ spinal reflex ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู‡ุฐุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:11,330 --> 00:03:16,170
147
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุทุงุน ุนุฑุถูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ spinal
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:16,170 --> 00:03:20,490
151
+ cord segment ู…ู† ุงู„ spinal cord ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:20,490 --> 00:03:28,390
155
+ spinal cord ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† 31 segment ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:28,390 --> 00:03:29,970
159
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:44,040
163
+ 8 ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุนู†ู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆ 12 ูู‚ุฑุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุตุฏุฑูŠุฉ 5 ู‚ุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ 5
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:44,040 --> 00:03:52,300
167
+ sacral ูˆ 1 coccyx ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ segments ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:52,300 --> 00:03:57,160
171
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:57,160 --> 00:04:03,200
175
+ ุทุจู‚ุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุญุฑู ุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:08,500
179
+ H ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ูˆุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:08,500 --> 00:04:13,480
183
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฃูุชุญ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:17,500
187
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุบุงู…ู‚ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:17,500 --> 00:04:23,480
191
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฃูุชุญ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:23,480 --> 00:04:26,100
195
+ ุบุงู…ู‚ ุชุณู…ู‰ gray matter
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:28,670 --> 00:04:36,550
199
+ ูˆุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณู…ู‰ white matter gray matter
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:36,550 --> 00:04:43,690
203
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชุฌู…ุน ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:43,690 --> 00:04:48,630
207
+ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:48,630 --> 00:04:55,470
211
+ ูุชุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุงูƒู† ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:55,470 --> 00:05:02,710
215
+ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ white matterู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ axons
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:02,710 --> 00:05:07,610
219
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ axons ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู€ myelin sheet ุบู„ุงู
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:07,610 --> 00:05:17,350
223
+ ู„ู„ู€ axons ูุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃูุชุญ ููŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:17,350 --> 00:05:24,440
227
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ุงู„ู€ Grameter ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:29,400
231
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ anterior horn cell ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:33,480
235
+ anterior horn cell ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ posterior
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:33,480 --> 00:05:38,940
239
+ horn cell posterior horn cell ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ anterior
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:38,940 --> 00:05:43,820
243
+ horn cell ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:43,820 --> 00:05:50,200
247
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฃูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุงู„ู€ motor action
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:56,320
251
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ motor neuron ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:56,320 --> 00:06:01,940
255
+ ุงู„ุนุตุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุงู„ effector organ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:01,940 --> 00:06:07,480
259
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ููŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:07,480 --> 00:06:13,740
263
+ ุญูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจูŠุชุตู„
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:15,250 --> 00:06:19,770
267
+ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง sensory neuron ูˆุงู„ู€ sensory neuron
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:19,770 --> 00:06:26,070
271
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:26,070 --> 00:06:31,890
275
+ receptors ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ reflex ุงู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:31,890 --> 00:06:36,790
279
+ reflex ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ reflex ุจู†ุนู…ู„ stimulus ุจู†ุนู…ู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:36,790 --> 00:06:42,070
283
+ scratch ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ูˆุฎุฒ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู„ุจ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:42,070 --> 00:06:49,030
287
+ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Sensory Neuron ููŠ ุงู„ู€
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:49,030 --> 00:06:52,850
291
+ Sensory Neuron ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ Sensory
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:52,850 --> 00:06:57,510
295
+ Cell Body ุงูˆ Dorsal Root Ganglion ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:57,510 --> 00:07:04,670
299
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุงุชูˆู…ูŠ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:04,670 --> 00:07:09,330
303
+ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ stimulus ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:09,330 --> 00:07:15,350
307
+ Sensory Neuron ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Dorsal Rootุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Sensory
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:15,350 --> 00:07:22,430
311
+ Afferent ูˆุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู€ Posterior Horse Cell ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:22,430 --> 00:07:26,770
315
+ Posterior Horse Cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Anterior Horse Cell ููŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:26,770 --> 00:07:32,950
319
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆุตู„ุฉ Association Neuron ุฃูˆ Interneuron
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:33,310 --> 00:07:39,390
323
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ุฉ ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุชู†ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:39,390 --> 00:07:43,650
327
+ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู„ู€ brain ู„ู„ู€ high center
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:43,650 --> 00:07:49,250
331
+ ูˆุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ motor neuron ุฃูˆ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:49,250 --> 00:07:54,280
335
+ ุงู„ motor cellsูˆุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ motor neuron
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:54,280 --> 00:08:00,180
339
+ ูˆุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ effector organ ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:00,180 --> 00:08:04,700
343
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูุฑุถู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงู„
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:04,700 --> 00:08:10,900
347
+ stimulus ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูˆุฎุฒุฉ ุฏุจูˆุณ ูˆูˆุฎุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฏุจูˆุณ ู‡ุงุฏ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:10,900 --> 00:08:16,720
351
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ู„ ุงู„ posterior heart cellุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Posterior
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:16,720 --> 00:08:20,520
355
+ Horsel ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฑุงุญ ู„ู„ู€
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:20,520 --> 00:08:24,840
359
+ Brain ู„ู„ู€ High Center ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ูˆุฌุฒุก
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:24,840 --> 00:08:29,740
363
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฑุงุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Anterior Horsel ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Effector
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:29,740 --> 00:08:35,540
367
+ Organ ูˆุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุจุงุถุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุญุจ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:35,540 --> 00:08:40,980
371
+ ุณุญุจ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุนู† ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุงุฎุฐุฉ ุงู„ุฏุจูˆุณ ุฃูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ุฏุจูˆุณ ู‡ุฐู‡
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:40,980 --> 00:08:48,410
375
+ ุจุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ Reflex Arcู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† reflex arc ู…ุด
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:48,410 --> 00:08:52,510
379
+ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ anatomy ูˆ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:52,510 --> 00:08:57,470
383
+ ุงู„ neuro anatomy ูู‚ุท ููƒุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ reflex
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:57,470 --> 00:09:04,370
387
+ arc ูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ reflexes ูˆ ุดูˆ ุจู„ุฒู… ู„ู„ reflexes
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:04,370 --> 00:09:12,220
391
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุญูุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ reflexesbenefits of infant
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:12,220 --> 00:09:17,480
395
+ reflexes primative reflexes ุดูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ูˆุดูˆ ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:17,480 --> 00:09:22,760
399
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชููŠุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ primitive reflexes
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:22,760 --> 00:09:28,020
403
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ infant reflexes
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:30,420 --> 00:09:34,260
407
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ Reflexes ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:34,260 --> 00:09:41,640
411
+ ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ู„ู„ุทูู„ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:41,640 --> 00:09:48,900
415
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูˆู„ุงุฏุชู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุชุจุนู†ุง ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:49,610 --> 00:09:54,450
419
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:54,450 --> 00:09:58,690
423
+ knowledge of normal and abnormal reflexes response
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:58,690 --> 00:10:03,130
427
+ and their effect upon motor development which is
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:03,130 --> 00:10:07,430
431
+ needed to identify normal brain and nerve activity
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:07,430 --> 00:10:13,790
435
+ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ reflexesุจุชุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:13,790 --> 00:10:19,630
439
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ู‡ู„ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ brain ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:19,630 --> 00:10:24,690
443
+ nervous system ูˆ ู‡ู„ ุณูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู…ู† motor
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:24,690 --> 00:10:29,230
447
+ development problems ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:29,230 --> 00:10:35,090
451
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ provide a basis for evaluation in
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:35,090 --> 00:10:40,120
455
+ the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral palsyุฅุฐู†
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:43,800
459
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู† cerebral palsy
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:43,800 --> 00:10:48,500
463
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:48,500 --> 00:10:54,800
467
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:54,800 --> 00:10:58,930
471
+ cerebrum ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ cerebellumุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:58,930 --> 00:11:04,170
475
+ brain ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:04,170 --> 00:11:08,890
479
+ reflexes ุจุชุญุฏุฏู„ูŠ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุณู‡ู„
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:08,890 --> 00:11:13,350
483
+ ุนู„ูŠ ูˆ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:13,350 --> 00:11:18,430
487
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู… ููŠู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ essential and
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:18,430 --> 00:11:22,580
491
+ normal development responses to these reflexesIt
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:22,580 --> 00:11:25,800
495
+ prepares the child for progressive development
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:30,560
499
+ such as rolling over, sitting,
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:30,940 --> 00:11:35,700
503
+ crawling and standing ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Reflexes ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:35,700 --> 00:11:42,220
507
+ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:42,220 --> 00:11:47,480
511
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูุญู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:52,020
515
+ activities ูˆ ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุทุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:52,020 --> 00:11:56,500
519
+ ุนู† ุฑุฏุงุช ูุนู„ ุฃูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† reflexes ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู…
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:56,500 --> 00:12:01,580
523
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุงุฑุช ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ functional activities
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:01,580 --> 00:12:07,520
527
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ rolling ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ู… ู„ู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู„ู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:07,520 --> 00:12:12,540
531
+ sitting ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุงู„ crawling ุงู„ standing ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:12,540 --> 00:12:18,600
535
+ ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ reflexesู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:23,540
539
+ Reflexes ููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ู‡ุฐู‡
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:23,540 --> 00:12:29,680
543
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ูˆุงู„ุฒุญู ูˆุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:29,680 --> 00:12:34,440
547
+ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ gaining control over the body of
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:40,240
551
+ the child ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:40,240 --> 00:12:45,680
555
+ ููŠ ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ activitiesAt birth
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:45,680 --> 00:12:50,180
559
+ approximately 30 primitive reflexes these
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:50,180 --> 00:12:54,580
563
+ primitive reflexes better must disappear and
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:54,580 --> 00:12:59,680
567
+ equilibrium reactions must appear ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:59,680 --> 00:13:04,450
571
+ reflexes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:04,450 --> 00:13:08,910
575
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† reflex ุฃูˆ reflex ุงู„ู„ูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:08,910 --> 00:13:15,070
579
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† reflex ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฎุชููŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:15,070 --> 00:13:23,690
583
+ ุฃูˆ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุฎุชููŠ ุฃูˆ ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ reflex ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชุฎุชููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:23,690 --> 00:13:30,390
587
+ ุงู„ reflex ูˆ ุชุธู‡ุฑ reflex ุฃุฎุฑู‰ infant vs lifespan
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:30,390 --> 00:13:36,150
591
+ reflex ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุนุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ infant reflexes ุงู„ู„ูŠ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:36,150 --> 00:13:40,250
595
+ ุจูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ reflexes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:40,250 --> 00:13:46,090
599
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุจ reflexes ูˆ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:46,090 --> 00:13:49,990
603
+ ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ reflexes ุจุชุฎุชููŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:49,990 --> 00:13:57,720
607
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ infant
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:57,720 --> 00:14:04,160
611
+ reflexes ู…ุง ุจุชุทูˆู„ุด ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุณู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุญู„ูˆู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:04,160 --> 00:14:08,480
615
+ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ reflexes ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:08,480 --> 00:14:12,420
619
+ ุจุชุฎุชููŠ infant reflexes may not completely
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:12,420 --> 00:14:16,760
623
+ disappear ุจุนุถ ุงู„ reflexes ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุชุฎุชููŠุด
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:16,760 --> 00:14:21,430
627
+ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„may be inhabited by maturing central
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:21,430 --> 00:14:26,230
631
+ nervous system ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุชุซุจูŠุช ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:26,230 --> 00:14:29,570
635
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ nervous system ูˆ ุงู„ central nervous
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:29,570 --> 00:14:33,930
639
+ system may be integrated into new movements ู…ู…ูƒู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:33,930 --> 00:14:42,580
643
+ ูŠุชู… ุชุทูˆุฑู‡ุง ู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉreflexes that endure
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:42,580 --> 00:14:48,580
647
+ are called life span reflexes ุงู„ reflexes ุงู„ู„ูŠ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:48,580 --> 00:14:54,960
651
+ ู‡ุชุธู„ู‡ุง ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง life
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:59,820
655
+ span reflexes ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ life span
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:59,820 --> 00:15:03,980
659
+ reflexes ุงู„ breathing reflex swallowing reflex
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:05,330 --> 00:15:12,090
663
+ ู…ู†ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ูˆู…ู†ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุจู„ู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ูƒุงู…ุซู„ุฉ ู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:12,090 --> 00:15:17,330
667
+ reflexes ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุธู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ role of
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:17,330 --> 00:15:19,850
671
+ reflexes in developing future movement
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:29,280
675
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ reflexes ูˆุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:33,840
679
+ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ reflexes
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:43,060
683
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูƒุญุฑูƒุงุช ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ุง ูˆุธูŠููŠุฉู„ูƒู†
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:43,060 --> 00:15:50,820
687
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูˆ ุชุทูˆุฑู‡ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:50,820 --> 00:16:00,020
691
+ reflexes ููŠ ุชุทูˆุฑ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:00,020 --> 00:16:06,160
695
+ ุงู„ู€ crawling reflex ุงู„ุฒุญู .. ู…ู†ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุฒุญู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:06,160 --> 00:16:13,180
699
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ infantsู‡ูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:13,180 --> 00:16:18,060
703
+ ุจู€ Crawling Reflex ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:18,060 --> 00:16:23,460
707
+ ูŠุฒุญู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Crawling
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:23,460 --> 00:16:28,360
711
+ Reflex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ Labyrinthine
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:28,360 --> 00:16:34,520
715
+ Reflexู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ Reflexes ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:39,620
719
+ ุงู„ู€ upright posture ู‡ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:39,620 --> 00:16:46,860
723
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุนุชุฏู„ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุนุชุฏู„ ุงู„ upright
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:46,860 --> 00:16:54,000
727
+ posture Balmary grasp ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู†ูˆุน .. ูƒreflex ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:59,510
731
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑูˆุจุฃุนู…ู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:59,510 --> 00:17:04,290
735
+ scratching ู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ุงู„ูŠุฏ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:04,290 --> 00:17:10,830
739
+ grasping ูƒุฑุฏู‘ุฉ ูุนู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู…ุณูƒ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:10,830 --> 00:17:15,670
743
+ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ grasping ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:15,670 --> 00:17:20,930
747
+ ุงู„ palmar grasping reflex ุงู„ stepping reflex
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:20,930 --> 00:17:29,140
751
+ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ walkingู„ูˆ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:29,140 --> 00:17:33,820
755
+ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ CrawlingุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุจุฑู†ุซูŠู†ุŒ ููŠ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:33,820 --> 00:17:37,880
759
+ ุงู„ู€balmarุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€steppingุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:37,880 --> 00:17:41,780
763
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:41,780 --> 00:17:50,360
767
+ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทูู„ ููŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู€assessment ุชุจุนุชู‡ ููŠ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:50,360 --> 00:17:53,840
771
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุซู„ุงุซ ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€stepping
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:53,840 --> 00:17:59,240
775
+ reflexูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:59,240 --> 00:18:04,440
779
+ ุชุทูˆุฑู‡ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ walking ููŠ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:04,440 --> 00:18:09,860
783
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ rule of the reflexes in the survival ุงู„ุงู†
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:09,860 --> 00:18:16,520
787
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ reflexes ูˆ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:16,520 --> 00:18:23,880
791
+ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:23,880 --> 00:18:27,700
795
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง life ุงุณู…ู‡ุง reflexes ูˆ protective
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:18:27,700 --> 00:18:32,480
799
+ reflexes ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† human infant
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:32,480 --> 00:18:41,380
803
+ essentially helpless ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:18:41,380 --> 00:18:51,630
807
+ ุนู…ุฑ ูŠูˆู… ู„ุญุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณู†ุฉู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:51,630 --> 00:18:57,330
811
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุจ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:18:57,330 --> 00:19:04,070
815
+ ุงู„ reflexes ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุณุงุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:04,070 --> 00:19:09,390
819
+ ูŠุญู…ูŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:09,390 --> 00:19:14,850
823
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง human infantreflexes ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูู„
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:14,850 --> 00:19:20,190
827
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ูƒู„ูŠุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดุฆ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:19:20,190 --> 00:19:24,830
831
+ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ primitive reflexes occur during gestation
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:19:24,830 --> 00:19:30,990
835
+ or at birth and most are repressed by six months
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:19:30,990 --> 00:19:35,380
839
+ of ageููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ primitive reflexes ูˆ ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:19:35,380 --> 00:19:39,960
843
+ primitive reflexes ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุจุฏุฃุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:19:39,960 --> 00:19:45,800
847
+ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ูˆ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ูˆุฌุฏ ุนู†ุฏ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:19:45,800 --> 00:19:50,180
851
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ุฃุบู„ุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ reflexes ุงู„ primitive
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:19:50,180 --> 00:19:56,740
855
+ reflexes repressed by age of six months ู‡ุชุฎุชููŠ ุนู†ุฏ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:19:56,740 --> 00:20:02,690
859
+ ุนู…ุฑ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑprimitive reflexes are important for
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:20:02,690 --> 00:20:07,710
863
+ protection, nutrition and survival ุญู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู† ุงู„
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:20:07,710 --> 00:20:12,650
867
+ primitive reflexes ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูˆ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:20:12,650 --> 00:20:17,450
871
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู„ู„ุชุฎุฏูŠุน a protective
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:20:17,450 --> 00:20:22,210
875
+ reflex ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุญุท ุงุฏูŠู†ุง
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:20:22,210 --> 00:20:28,600
879
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุดุฎุต ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงุบู…ุงุถ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูˆ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:20:28,600 --> 00:20:33,780
883
+ ุงุบู„ุงู‚ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุบู„ุงู‚ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฏุฉ ูุนู„ ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:20:33,780 --> 00:20:38,480
887
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ protective reflex ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ nutrition ู„ู…ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:20:38,480 --> 00:20:42,920
891
+ ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐุง nutrition
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:20:42,920 --> 00:20:51,070
895
+ reflex ุงู„ survival reflex ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณู„ูˆ ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:20:51,070 --> 00:20:57,330
899
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุกุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:20:57,330 --> 00:21:05,650
903
+ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ reflexes ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:21:05,650 --> 00:21:08,730
907
+ role of reflexes in developing future movement
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:21:08,730 --> 00:21:15,030
911
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุดูˆ ุฏูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ reflexes ููŠ ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:21:15,030 --> 00:21:20,900
915
+ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŸุงู„ู€ postural
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:21:20,900 --> 00:21:24,220
919
+ reflexes are related to the development of later
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:21:24,220 --> 00:21:28,780
923
+ voluntary movement ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ reflexes ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:21:28,780 --> 00:21:31,680
927
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง primitive reflexes ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง survival
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:35,820
931
+ reflexes ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง postural
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:21:35,820 --> 00:21:40,040
935
+ reflexes ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ postural ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:21:40,040 --> 00:21:46,410
939
+ trunk ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ reflexesููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชุทูˆุฑ ูˆ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:21:46,410 --> 00:21:50,910
943
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ voluntary movement ูˆุชุทูˆุฑ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:21:50,910 --> 00:21:57,490
947
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุฅูŠุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†reflexes
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:21:57,490 --> 00:22:01,770
951
+ integrated modified and incorporated into more
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:22:01,770 --> 00:22:06,190
955
+ complex pattern to form voluntary movement ุจุนุถ ุงู„
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:22:06,190 --> 00:22:13,150
959
+ reflexes ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏู…ุฌ ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ reflexes ุฃุฎุฑ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:22:13,150 --> 00:22:17,170
963
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง modification ูŠุชุนุฏู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflex ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:22:17,170 --> 00:22:22,370
967
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฏู…ุฌ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflex ู…ุน
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:22:22,370 --> 00:22:30,410
971
+ reflex ุฃุฎุฑ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆุนุดุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุชุทูˆุฑ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:22:30,410 --> 00:22:37,170
975
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† automatic movements is
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:22:37,170 --> 00:22:43,190
979
+ practice for future voluntary movement ูˆู‡ุฏูŠ ุทุจุนุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:22:43,190 --> 00:22:47,830
983
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุจุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุชู„ุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:22:47,830 --> 00:22:55,010
987
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:22:55,010 --> 00:23:01,030
991
+ ุฑู‚ุจู†ุงู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงุฏูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฑูƒ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:23:01,030 --> 00:23:06,510
995
+ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ ุญุฑูƒุงุช ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง automatic movement
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:23:06,510 --> 00:23:11,650
999
+ ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงูˆุชูˆู…ุงุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:23:11,650 --> 00:23:18,870
1003
+ ุชู…ุฑูŠู†ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆูŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:23:18,870 --> 00:23:23,070
1007
+ ุงู„ upper ูˆ ุงู„ lower limbs ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:23:23,070 --> 00:23:29,230
1011
+ ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฌุงู‡ุฒุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:23:29,230 --> 00:23:35,410
1015
+ ุตู†ุงุนุชูŠ ุฃุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:23:35,410 --> 00:23:40,990
1019
+ ุฅุญูŠุง ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ูˆ ุฏู†ูŠุชูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:23:44,210 --> 00:23:47,070
1023
+ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Reflexes ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ุจู€
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:23:47,070 --> 00:23:51,910
1027
+ Future Movement Development ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:23:51,910 --> 00:23:56,850
1031
+ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุจูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Reflexes ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฃูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:23:56,850 --> 00:24:02,650
1035
+ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Motor Development ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุซุจุช ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:24:02,650 --> 00:24:09,130
1039
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุจูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆุง ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ู‡
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:24:09,130 --> 00:24:13,370
1043
+ ุจูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ reflexes ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:24:13,370 --> 00:24:19,390
1047
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠ types
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:24:19,390 --> 00:24:23,530
1051
+ of reflexes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง reflexes can be
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:24:23,530 --> 00:24:29,400
1055
+ divided as survival reflexูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ reflexes
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:24:29,400 --> 00:24:34,600
1059
+ survival reflexes aid survival by helping an
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:40,760
1063
+ infant deal with threats to the body ู‡ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:24:40,760 --> 00:24:46,020
1067
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ูˆ ูŠุญู…ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:24:46,020 --> 00:24:52,460
1071
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูู‰
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:24:52,460 --> 00:24:56,000
1075
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ breathing reflex ู…ู† ุงู„ protective reflex
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:24:56,000 --> 00:25:01,500
1079
+ ูˆ ุงู„ survival reflex ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ eye blank reflex
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:25:01,500 --> 00:25:05,700
1083
+ ุงู„ protective eye reflex ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ sucking reflex
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:25:05,700 --> 00:25:09,760
1087
+ ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ swallowing reflex ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:25:09,760 --> 00:25:12,040
1091
+ survival reflexes
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:25:15,710 --> 00:25:18,550
1095
+ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Primitive Reflexes ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู€
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:25:18,550 --> 00:25:26,790
1099
+ Primitive Reflexes ุงู† ุบุงู„ุจูŠุชู‡ุง ุจุชุชู… ุงุฎุชูุงุก ุนู†ุฏ ุนู…ุฑ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:25:26,790 --> 00:25:37,130
1103
+ 9 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู„ุญุฏ 12 ุดู‡ุฑ ุจุญุฏ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุงุจู‚ู‰
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:25:37,130 --> 00:25:41,770
1107
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ Reflexes ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:25:41,770 --> 00:25:42,410
1111
+ Reflexes
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:25:44,790 --> 00:25:50,410
1115
+ ูˆูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:25:50,410 --> 00:25:55,650
1119
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ breathing reflex ุงู„ breathing reflex ุงูŠุด
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:25:55,650 --> 00:25:58,230
1123
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ breathing reflex ู„ูˆ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:25:58,230 --> 00:26:01,550
1127
+ ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ repetitive inhalation and
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:26:01,550 --> 00:26:05,950
1131
+ exhalation ุงูˆ expiration ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุดู‡ูŠู‚ ูˆ ุฒููŠุฑ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:26:05,950 --> 00:26:10,410
1135
+ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุฉุงู„ู€ duration ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง permanent
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:26:10,410 --> 00:26:16,750
1139
+ reflex ุจูŠุธู„ู‡ long life ุฃูˆ lifespan reflex provide
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:26:16,750 --> 00:26:23,810
1143
+ oxygen and expel carbon dioxide ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:26:23,810 --> 00:26:28,790
1147
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูˆุดูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ูˆุดูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:26:28,790 --> 00:26:37,010
1151
+ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง ู…ุนุฏู„
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:26:37,010 --> 00:26:44,150
1155
+ ู…ุนูŠู† ู„ุงู„ู€ oxygen ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆููŠ ู…ุนุฏู„ ู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:26:44,150 --> 00:26:50,370
1159
+ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:26:50,370 --> 00:26:59,350
1163
+ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุญูุธ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุงุฎุฏ inspiration ูŠุงุฎุฏ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:26:59,350 --> 00:27:06,720
1167
+ ุฒู‡ู‚ ุดู‡ูŠู‚ ูˆู„ู…ู‘ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุชุจุนูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:12,700
1171
+ ุงู„ุฒููŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:27:12,700 --> 00:27:15,920
1175
+ waste products ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:27:15,920 --> 00:27:23,080
1179
+ ุงู„ eye blink reflex closing or blinking of the eye
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:27:24,250 --> 00:27:29,990
1183
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Eye Blink Reflex ู†ูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ู‡
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:27:29,990 --> 00:27:36,150
1187
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠู†
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:27:36,150 --> 00:27:41,270
1191
+ protect the eye from a bright light or foreign
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:27:41,270 --> 00:27:47,170
1195
+ object ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนูŠู†
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:27:47,170 --> 00:27:54,200
1199
+ ู…ู†ุงู„ู€ foreign body ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุฌุฑุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจู€
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:59,020
1203
+ foreign body ุฅูŠุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฌู„ู… ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุŒ ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:27:59,020 --> 00:28:04,900
1207
+ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆ ุณู„ุทุช ุถูˆุก ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:28:04,900 --> 00:28:11,340
1211
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ blinking ุฃูˆ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:28:11,340 --> 00:28:18,810
1215
+ ุงู„ closing ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุงุจูŠู„ุงุฑูŠ reflexูˆุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:28:18,810 --> 00:28:26,850
1219
+ ุงู„ุดุนุงุฑุงุช ู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุถูˆุก ูˆุถูˆุก ู„ุธู„ู…ุฉูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflex
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:28:26,850 --> 00:28:34,430
1223
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุณู„ุทุช ุถูˆุก ููŠ ุจุคุจู‚
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:28:34,430 --> 00:28:40,350
1227
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ู‚ุจุถ ุจุคุจู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:28:40,350 --> 00:28:45,330
1231
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:28:45,330 --> 00:28:51,110
1235
+ ุงู„ุธู„ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุธู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุจู‚ุจู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุชูˆุณุน ู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:28:51,110 --> 00:28:55,410
1239
+ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠุณู…ุญ ุจู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ู†
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:28:55,410 --> 00:29:00,850
1243
+ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† mainly protective eye reflexes
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:29:00,850 --> 00:29:05,550
1247
+ ุงู„ routing reflex ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ routing
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:29:05,550 --> 00:29:10,590
1251
+ reflex turning the head toward the tactile touch
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:29:10,590 --> 00:29:17,350
1255
+ or stimulus to the cheek ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ู„ู…ุณุช ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:29:17,350 --> 00:29:26,780
1259
+ ูˆุนู…ู„ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุชูƒุชุงู„ ุชุชุด ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ุดูˆ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:29:26,780 --> 00:29:33,800
1263
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุฏูŠุฑ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุงุฎุฏ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:29:33,800 --> 00:29:38,260
1267
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ stimulation
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:29:38,260 --> 00:29:45,580
1271
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†ุชู†ุจูŠู‡ ู„ู„ุทูู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:29:45,580 --> 00:29:51,400
1275
+ ุฃูƒู„ ุฌุงูŠ ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุง ุจุงู„ู„ุงุญุธ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:29:51,400 --> 00:29:57,620
1279
+ ุชุฑุฏุน ุงุจู†ู‡ุง ุจุณ ุจุชุนู…ู„ touch ู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุฏ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฎุฏู‡
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:29:57,620 --> 00:30:02,580
1283
+ ูุจู†ุฏูŠุฑ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุงุฎุฏ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:30:02,580 --> 00:30:05,180
1287
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุตุฉ ุฃูˆ ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฑุถุนุฉ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:30:08,610 --> 00:30:13,370
1291
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflex ุจูŠุธู„ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ few weeks after
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:30:13,370 --> 00:30:21,230
1295
+ delivery ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ voluntary
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:30:21,230 --> 00:30:27,450
1299
+ head down ุงู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ .. ุงู„ู‰
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:30:27,450 --> 00:30:34,710
1303
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุฒุงุญุฉ ุงูˆ ู„ู ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ sucking
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:30:34,710 --> 00:30:41,060
1307
+ reflex suckingAny object placed into the mouth
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:30:41,060 --> 00:30:46,960
1311
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุญุทูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุซู…
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:53,380
1315
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ sucking ู„ู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ุต ู„ู‡
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:30:53,380 --> 00:30:59,850
1319
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠgradually modified by experience past
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:30:59,850 --> 00:31:05,150
1323
+ few weeks after delivery ูˆุจุชู… ุชุทูˆุฑู‡ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:31:05,150 --> 00:31:08,610
1327
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจูŠุนุฌุจู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:31:08,610 --> 00:31:09,370
1331
+ ุจูŠุนุฌุจู‡
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:31:11,620 --> 00:31:16,620
1335
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจูŠุนุฌุจู‡ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ sucking ู…ุงุจูŠุนุฌุจู‡ ุจูŠุชูˆู‚ู
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:31:16,620 --> 00:31:23,060
1339
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ูƒุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุจู†ุญุทู‡ ููŠ ูู…
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:31:23,060 --> 00:31:27,320
1343
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ sucking allows the child to
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:31:27,320 --> 00:31:31,440
1347
+ take in a nutrient ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflex ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ุญ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:31:31,440 --> 00:31:37,520
1351
+ ู„ู„ุทูู„ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ูˆุจุณุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:31:37,520 --> 00:31:44,150
1355
+ swallowing reflexุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ permanent reflex
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:31:44,150 --> 00:31:49,890
1359
+ ู„ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุน ุจุชุธู„ ุดุบุงู„ุฉ ู„ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ which allow
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:31:49,890 --> 00:31:54,470
1363
+ the child to take in nutrients ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู‡ ุนู†
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:31:54,470 --> 00:31:59,630
1367
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ sucking ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุจู„ุนู‡ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ reflex ุนู†
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:31:59,630 --> 00:32:08,530
1371
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ swallowing reflex ุงู„
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:32:08,530 --> 00:32:12,730
1375
+ primitive reflexes are involuntaryPredictable
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:32:12,730 --> 00:32:17,350
1379
+ Changes in Muscle Tone in Response to Sensory
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:32:17,350 --> 00:32:21,790
1383
+ Input ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€Brightened Reflexes ุญู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:32:21,790 --> 00:32:26,110
1387
+ ุตุงุฑ ุจุญุชุงุฌ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Sensory Stimuli
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:32:26,110 --> 00:32:30,470
1391
+ Sensory Input ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุนู…ู„ stimulation ุนุดุงู† ููŠ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:32:30,470 --> 00:32:34,410
1395
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฃุดูˆู ุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุนู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆุดูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:32:34,410 --> 00:32:39,990
1399
+ contraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุฃูˆู„ reflex
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:32:39,990 --> 00:32:46,950
1403
+ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุจุงุจู†ุณูƒูŠ reflex ููŠ ุงู„ุจุงุจู†ุณูƒูŠ reflex ู„ูˆ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:32:46,950 --> 00:32:53,770
1407
+ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ response ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:32:53,770 --> 00:33:00,530
1411
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ fanning ูŠูุฑุฏ ุฃุตุงุจุน ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆ curling of
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:33:00,530 --> 00:33:06,030
1415
+ the toes when the bottom of the foot is struck ู„ูˆ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:33:06,030 --> 00:33:14,440
1419
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ุงุนู…ู„ุช ุจู…ูุชุงุญุงุณุชู…ูŠู„ุงุด ู„ุฃุฎู…ุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:33:14,440 --> 00:33:22,540
1423
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูุฑุฏ ุฃุตุงุจุน ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุซู†ุนู‡ู… ู„ุชุญุช ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:33:22,540 --> 00:33:28,850
1427
+ stimulus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ุงู†ุงู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Reflex ุจูŠุฎุชููŠ ุนู†ุฏ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:33:28,850 --> 00:33:34,210
1431
+ 8 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู†ุฉ presence and later disappearance of
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:33:34,210 --> 00:33:38,690
1435
+ this response is normal ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Reflex ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:33:38,690 --> 00:33:47,230
1439
+ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ุณู†ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูˆ ูŠุฎุชููŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:33:47,230 --> 00:33:55,170
1443
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงุฎุชูุงุฆู‡ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ reflex ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ plantar
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:33:55,170 --> 00:33:59,650
1447
+ reflex ุงู„
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:33:59,650 --> 00:34:04,390
1451
+ reflex ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ Palmer grasping
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:34:04,390 --> 00:34:16,450
1455
+ reflexุจุงุฑู…ุงู„ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุฑุงุณุจูŠู† ุฑูู„ูŠูƒุณ ุจุงุฑู…ุงู„
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:34:16,450 --> 00:34:20,470
1459
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:34:20,470 --> 00:34:28,250
1463
+ ุฑุงุณุจูŠู† ุฑูู„ูŠูƒุณ ุจุงุฑู…ุงู„
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:34:28,250 --> 00:34:34,370
1467
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุฑุงุณุจูŠู† ุฑูู„ูŠูƒุณ ุจุงุฑู…ุงู„ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุฑุงุณุจูŠู† ุฑูู„ูŠูƒุณ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:34:34,370 --> 00:34:34,570
1471
+ ุจุงุฑู…ุงู„ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:34:34,570 --> 00:34:34,610
1475
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:34:34,610 --> 00:34:34,610
1479
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:34:34,610 --> 00:34:34,610
1483
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:34:34,610 --> 00:34:34,610
1487
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:34:34,610 --> 00:34:34,610
1491
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:34:34,610 --> 00:34:35,230
1495
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:35,230 --> 00:34:38,300
1499
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฑุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ููŠ ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ููŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:38,300 --> 00:34:43,640
1503
+ ุฃุตุงุจุนู‡ ูŠุชู†ูŠ ุฃุตุงุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู…ุณูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ object
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:43,640 --> 00:34:49,920
1507
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ stimulation ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflex ุจูŠุฎุชููŠ ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:49,920 --> 00:34:56,360
1511
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูˆุจุชู… ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ู‚ุจุถุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณูƒุฉ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:56,360 --> 00:35:02,070
1515
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจู‚ุฑุงุชู‡ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:35:02,070 --> 00:35:07,170
1519
+ scratching ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู„ุฃ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ุงุญุท ุงู„ุฌู„ู… ููŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:35:07,170 --> 00:35:13,950
1523
+ ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ grasping ู„ู‡ ูˆูŠู…ุณูƒู‡ presence
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:13,950 --> 00:35:16,950
1527
+ and later disappearance is a sign of normal
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:16,950 --> 00:35:21,630
1531
+ development ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ูˆุงุฎุชูุงุฆู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู‡ูŠ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:21,630 --> 00:35:25,030
1535
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ normal development ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:25,030 --> 00:35:28,830
1539
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ moral reflex
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:31,870 --> 00:35:36,130
1543
+ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ postural reflex ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:36,130 --> 00:35:41,710
1547
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ moral reflex sudden
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:41,710 --> 00:35:45,610
1551
+ change in the head position will cause the child
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:45,610 --> 00:35:50,850
1555
+ to throw his arms outward and arch the back and
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:50,850 --> 00:35:56,150
1559
+ then bring his hands toward each other ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:35:56,150 --> 00:36:02,530
1563
+ ุนู…ู„ุช support ู…ุณูƒุช ุงู„ุทูู„ูˆ ุฌุงุนุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠุฏูŠ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:36:02,530 --> 00:36:05,450
1567
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:36:05,450 --> 00:36:11,550
1571
+ ุจุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflexes ูˆ ุชุฑูƒุช ุงู„ุทูู„ ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู‡
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:36:11,550 --> 00:36:16,480
1575
+ sub part ู„ู„ head ุชุจุนู‡ูˆูุฌุฃุฉ ุฑุฎูŠุช ุงู„ support ุนู† ุงู„
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:16,480 --> 00:36:22,360
1579
+ head ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ุงุณูƒ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ูุฑุถ ุงูŠุฏูŠู‡ his
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:22,360 --> 00:36:28,860
1583
+ arms outward ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฌุฏุงู…ู‡ู… ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:28,860 --> 00:36:32,440
1587
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflex ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ moral reflex
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:32,440 --> 00:36:38,120
1591
+ ุจูŠุฎุชููŠ ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุน ุดู‡ูˆุฑูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ู‡
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:38,120 --> 00:36:43,880
1595
+ ุจุดูŠุก ูŠุณู…ู‰ startle reflex ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ ุงู„ reflex ุจุงู„
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:43,880 --> 00:36:49,220
1599
+ startle reflex presence of the reflex after four
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:36:49,220 --> 00:36:52,260
1603
+ months of age is an indication of abnormal
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:36:52,260 --> 00:36:58,300
1607
+ development ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflex ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:36:58,300 --> 00:37:02,920
1611
+ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ development ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:37:07,180 --> 00:37:14,780
1615
+ ุงู„ู€ swimming reflex an infant if immersed in water
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:37:14,780 --> 00:37:19,600
1619
+ will display active movement of the arms and legs
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:37:19,600 --> 00:37:25,040
1623
+ and will hold his or her breath ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:37:25,040 --> 00:37:28,820
1627
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุฃูŠุงู…
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:37:31,020 --> 00:37:35,960
1631
+ ู„ุญุฏ ุงุฑุจุน ุงู„ู‰ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุทูู„ ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุนู…ุฑ ุงุฑุจุน
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:37:35,960 --> 00:37:39,880
1635
+ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู„ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงู†ุง ุฑู…ูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุบู…ุฑุชู‡ ููŠ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:37:39,880 --> 00:37:47,380
1639
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฑุฏุช ูุนู„ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒุชู… ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:37:47,380 --> 00:37:54,300
1643
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุงุช ููŠ ุงุฏูŠู‡ ูˆ ููŠ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุจุงุญุฉ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:37:54,300 --> 00:37:59,290
1647
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ swimming reflexู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ reflex ุจูŠุฎุชููŠ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:37:59,290 --> 00:38:03,990
1651
+ ุนู†ุฏ 4 ุฅู„ู‰ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ presence and later disappearance
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:38:03,990 --> 00:38:08,190
1655
+ is a sign of normal development ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:38:08,190 --> 00:38:12,250
1659
+ reflex ูˆุงุฎุชูุงุกู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:38:17,610 --> 00:38:21,930
1663
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† infant held upright with feet
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:38:21,930 --> 00:38:26,430
1667
+ touching the surface will step as walking ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:38:26,430 --> 00:38:33,250
1671
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณูƒุช ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ู‚ุจุทุงุชู‡ ูˆุฎู„ุช ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู…ุดุช ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:38:33,250 --> 00:38:38,110
1675
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ stimulation ู„ู„ desk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงูˆ ู„ู„ุตุฑูŠุฑ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:38:38,110 --> 00:38:43,970
1679
+ ูˆุณุจุชู‡ ูˆุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู‡ support ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:38:43,970 --> 00:38:50,120
1683
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฐุง ุงู„ reflex ุจูŠุฎุชููŠ ุนู†ุฏ 8 ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:38:50,120 --> 00:38:56,440
1687
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ู‚ุจู„ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุจูŠุฎุชููŠ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:38:56,440 --> 00:39:04,050
1691
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflex ูˆุงุฎุชูุงุฆู‡ ุดูŠุก ุทุจูŠุนูŠุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:39:04,050 --> 00:39:07,330
1695
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุฒุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒุฉ ู…ุน ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:39:07,330 --> 00:39:11,090
1699
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ูƒุงู† ูŠุตู„ุจ ุน ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฎุทูˆุงุช
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:39:11,090 --> 00:39:16,250
1703
+ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุจุทู„ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุฆ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู†ู‡
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:39:16,250 --> 00:39:21,630
1707
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ reflexes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒู…ุงู†
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:39:21,630 --> 00:39:24,830
1711
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุงู„ primitive reflexes
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:31,980
1715
+ asymmetrical tonic neck reflex ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ postural
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:39:31,980 --> 00:39:37,500
1719
+ reflex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ asymmetrical
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:39:37,500 --> 00:39:43,360
1723
+ tonic neck reflex when the head of the infant is
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:39:43,360 --> 00:39:48,220
1727
+ turned to one side, the hand at the side extends
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:39:48,220 --> 00:39:52,980
1731
+ and the opposite leg flicks ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุทู„ุนู†ุง ููŠ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:39:52,980 --> 00:40:01,240
1735
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ turning ู„ู„ู€ head ู„ุฌู‡ุฉ one side
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:40:01,240 --> 00:40:09,600
1739
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู‡ุชูุฑุฏ ููŠ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:40:09,600 --> 00:40:15,540
1743
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงูŠุฏู‡ ุงูˆ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง reflection
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:40:15,540 --> 00:40:22,310
1747
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reflexุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:40:22,310 --> 00:40:29,250
1751
+ ูˆุจูŠุฎุชููŠ ู„ุญุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃูˆ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุฎุชููŠ ูˆู…ุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:40:29,250 --> 00:40:34,350
1755
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ูˆุงุฎุชูุงุฆู‡ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู€normal
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:40:34,350 --> 00:40:40,370
1759
+ development ููŠ reflex ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ symmetrical tonic
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:40:40,370 --> 00:40:46,410
1763
+ neck reflex ุงู„ุทูู„ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ brown
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:40:46,410 --> 00:40:54,530
1767
+ position ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ู†ุงูŠู…ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ therapist ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุงุทุฉ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:40:54,530 --> 00:41:01,330
1771
+ arms flex and legs as well as ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:41:01,330 --> 00:41:06,890
1775
+ ูˆุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุชู†ูˆุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ูˆุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ positive
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:41:06,890 --> 00:41:12,590
1779
+ reaction normal up to four to six weeks ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุญูƒู‰
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:41:12,590 --> 00:41:17,650
1783
+ ุนู† tonic labyrinthine reflex ู„ูƒู† ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:41:17,650 --> 00:41:22,720
1787
+ parachute reactionุจุชุตูˆุฑ ุฅู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:41:22,720 --> 00:41:25,120
1791
+ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุฒู„ู‡ู…
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:41:25,120 --> 00:41:28,760
1795
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฑูˆุงุจุท ู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:41:28,760 --> 00:41:34,400
1799
+ reflexes ุจุชุดุฑุญู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูุถู„ primitive reflexes and
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:41:34,400 --> 00:41:39,820
1803
+ how they affect performance
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:41:39,820 --> 00:41:44,260
1807
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ primitive reflexes ูˆูƒูŠู
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:41:44,260 --> 00:41:47,880
1811
+ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ performance ุชุจุน ุงู„ุดุฎุต evidence
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:41:47,880 --> 00:41:52,320
1815
+ suggestthat when a cluster of primitive reflexes
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:41:52,320 --> 00:41:55,860
1819
+ is still present beyond the normal age of
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:41:55,860 --> 00:41:59,120
1823
+ inhibition they may interfere with academic
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:41:59,120 --> 00:42:03,480
1827
+ performance and prevent a child from reaching his
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:42:03,480 --> 00:42:07,860
1831
+ or her potential in the education ุญู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:42:07,860 --> 00:42:09,580
1835
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ reflexes
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:42:12,650 --> 00:42:15,630
1839
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุŒ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:42:15,630 --> 00:42:20,030
1843
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€reflex ุงุฎุชูู‰ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุทุงู„ุนุฉ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:42:20,030 --> 00:42:25,950
1847
+ ุญู„ุฌูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุญุตูŠู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:42:25,950 --> 00:42:31,450
1851
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ samples of
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:42:35,030 --> 00:42:38,210
1855
+ reflexes are associated with specific learning
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:42:38,210 --> 00:42:42,950
1859
+ problems ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ asymmetrical tonic
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:42:42,950 --> 00:42:49,310
1863
+ neck reflex ูˆูƒูŠู ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:42:49,310 --> 00:42:55,570
1867
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทูู„ ุงู„ asymmetrical tonic neck reflex ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:42:55,570 --> 00:43:00,990
1871
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:43:00,990 --> 00:43:05,730
1875
+ ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุฎุชูู‰ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูู„
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:43:05,730 --> 00:43:10,340
1879
+ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉchildren manifest in the following
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:43:10,340 --> 00:43:16,200
1883
+ ways ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุนุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุจู‚ุงุก
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:43:16,200 --> 00:43:19,520
1887
+ ุงู„ asymmetrical tonic neck reflex ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:43:19,520 --> 00:43:23,100
1891
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:43:23,100 --> 00:43:29,180
1895
+ handwriting ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุฌู„ู… ูˆ ูŠูƒุชุจ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:43:29,180 --> 00:43:34,080
1899
+ written ideas not reflecting intelligenceุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:43:34,080 --> 00:43:40,460
1903
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุชุจู‡ุง ู…ุงุจุชุนูƒุณุด ู…ุฏู‰ ุฐูƒุงุคู‡ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท poor hand
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:43:40,460 --> 00:43:47,440
1907
+ and eye coordination ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:43:47,440 --> 00:43:52,100
1911
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุณุฎ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุนูŠู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:43:52,100 --> 00:43:57,520
1915
+ ุจูŠูƒุชุจ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุณุทุฑ ุฃูˆู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุณุทุฑ ูˆ ุขุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:43:57,520 --> 00:43:59,400
1919
+ ู†ุฒู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:44:02,040 --> 00:44:06,260
1923
+ Dislike of sport or classlessness at ball games
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:44:06,260 --> 00:44:10,720
1927
+ ุจูŠุญุจุด ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุจูŠุญุจ ุญุตุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ Difficulty
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:44:10,720 --> 00:44:15,160
1931
+ distinguishing left from right ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:44:15,160 --> 00:44:19,940
1935
+ ูŠูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู…ู† ุฌุณู…ู‡ Losing
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:44:19,940 --> 00:44:24,320
1939
+ their place on the page when reading ุจุชูˆู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:44:24,320 --> 00:44:30,500
1943
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู„ุฎุจุท ูˆูŠุถูŠุน
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:44:30,500 --> 00:44:37,300
1947
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ูŠุชุจุน ุจุงู„ุงุตุจุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:44:37,300 --> 00:44:44,880
1951
+ difficulty distinguishing left from right ุญู„ุงุฌุฉ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:44:44,880 --> 00:44:48,880
1955
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ูŠู‚ุฑุง ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠุฃุดุฑ ุจุนูŠู†ุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:44:48,880 --> 00:44:52,980
1959
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุชุจุน ุจุนูŠู†ุงู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุง ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชูˆู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:44:52,980 --> 00:44:54,160
1963
+ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠู‚ุฑุง ููŠู‡
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:44:58,580 --> 00:45:03,300
1967
+ if tonic-labyrinthine reflex is persist ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:45:03,300 --> 00:45:09,940
1971
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ asymmetrical tonic neck reflex ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:45:09,940 --> 00:45:13,900
1975
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุดูˆ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ tonic
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:45:13,900 --> 00:45:17,810
1979
+ -labyrinthine reflex ุดูˆ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ุŸchild tend to
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:45:17,810 --> 00:45:22,850
1983
+ reverse letters or numbers ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:45:22,850 --> 00:45:27,110
1987
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุจูŠูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:45:27,110 --> 00:45:31,350
1991
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุชุจ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:45:31,350 --> 00:45:37,710
1995
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุชุญุช ุจูŠูƒุชุจ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:45:37,710 --> 00:45:42,250
1999
+ ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ skipping
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:45:42,250 --> 00:45:46,500
2003
+ over words or skipping a line while readingุจูุท
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:45:46,500 --> 00:45:52,020
2007
+ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆ ุจูุท ุฃุณุทุฑ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:45:52,020 --> 00:45:55,960
2011
+ orientation and spatial difficulties with direct
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:45:55,960 --> 00:46:00,280
2015
+ impact on his or her concept of time understanding
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:46:00,280 --> 00:46:04,680
2019
+ and giving direction or math ability ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:46:04,680 --> 00:46:09,820
2023
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูˆุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:46:09,820 --> 00:46:17,140
2027
+ ูˆุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชูˆู‡ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุนูŠู†Travel sickness ุฏู‡
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:46:17,140 --> 00:46:22,080
2031
+ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุจูŠุญุจุด ุงู„ุณูุฑ
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:46:22,080 --> 00:46:29,230
2035
+ ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุฑุถ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุงูุฑ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ bus ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุงู„ู€
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:46:29,230 --> 00:46:32,990
2039
+ symmetrical tonic neck reflex still persists ุฅุฐุง
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:46:32,990 --> 00:46:35,650
2043
+ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ symmetrical tonic neck reflex ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:46:35,650 --> 00:46:40,330
2047
+ ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠุฌูŠ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:46:40,330 --> 00:46:44,190
2051
+ ูŠูƒุชุจ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ lean down over the page ูˆ ุงู„ writing
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:46:44,190 --> 00:46:50,270
2055
+ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ ู†ุงู… ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฏูุชุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ have
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:46:50,270 --> 00:46:54,290
2059
+ difficulty copying from blackboard ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠุฌูŠ ูŠู†ุณุฎ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:46:54,290 --> 00:47:00,110
2063
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูˆุญ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:47:00,110 --> 00:47:03,790
2067
+ ุงู„ู†ุณุฎ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูˆุญ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ู…ุณุญ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:47:03,790 --> 00:47:12,570
2071
+ ู…ุง ู…ุด ู…ุฎู„ุต ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ููˆุถู‰
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:47:12,570 --> 00:47:16,470
2075
+ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุฅุฐุง
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:47:16,470 --> 00:47:22,770
2079
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุณูŠ eating or spillage ููˆุถูˆูŠ ููŠ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:47:22,770 --> 00:47:28,290
2083
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุจุดุฑูˆุท ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ spend a long time
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:47:28,290 --> 00:47:32,030
2087
+ doing homework ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆุงุฌุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ุนุฏ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:47:32,030 --> 00:47:36,390
2091
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑ ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒุชุจ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุฌุจ have poor
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:47:36,390 --> 00:47:41,850
2095
+ concentration and poor attention to task ุจูŠุฑูƒุฒุด ููŠ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:47:41,850 --> 00:47:47,430
2099
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุฌุจุงุชุŒ ุจูŠุฑูƒุฒุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡avoid
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:47:47,430 --> 00:47:52,670
2103
+ sport ูˆ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู†
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:47:52,670 --> 00:47:59,070
2107
+ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงุชุจุนูˆุง
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:47:59,070 --> 00:48:02,670
2111
+ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุงุฑูู‚ู‡ุง ู„ู„
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:48:02,670 --> 00:48:08,120
2115
+ reflex ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ูƒู„ reflex ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏ ุชูˆู‚ูู†ุต
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:48:08,120 --> 00:48:13,120
2119
+ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุชุชุจุนูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:48:13,120 --> 00:48:17,460
2123
+ reflexes ุนุดุงู† ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู‡ุง ูˆ ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ูุนู„ ุจุดูƒู„
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:48:17,460 --> 00:48:22,140
2127
+ ุงูุถู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงูŠ ุงุณุชูุณุงุฑ ูŠุญุถุฑู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:48:22,140 --> 00:48:24,960
2131
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ู‚ุงุก ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡
2132
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYNsXbJilO-1J-jzYLneHBY/m26vrl8oTz4_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1004 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,720
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุนู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:04,720 --> 00:00:09,460
7
+ human growth and development ูˆุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,460 --> 00:00:15,560
11
+ ุตู†ุงุน ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุฃูˆู„ูˆ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:15,560 --> 00:00:19,520
15
+ growth and development ู…ู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ time of
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:19,520 --> 00:00:24,980
19
+ conception ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ time of death ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,980 --> 00:00:30,050
23
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ from womb to tombู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,050 --> 00:00:36,430
27
+ ุงู„ life span cycle ูˆ life span cycle ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:36,430 --> 00:00:42,270
31
+ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฌุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,270 --> 00:00:48,490
35
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนthey are typically
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:48,490 --> 00:00:53,670
39
+ divided into the following categories prenatal
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:53,670 --> 00:00:58,390
43
+ period which start from conception to the time of
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:58,390 --> 00:01:03,830
47
+ birth the infancy period which start from time of
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,830 --> 00:01:08,690
51
+ birth until one year and some resources some
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:08,690 --> 00:01:13,130
55
+ references said until two years ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:13,130 --> 00:01:18,220
59
+ ู„ุญุฏ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉู‡ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูุชุฑุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:18,220 --> 00:01:25,400
63
+ infancy period ุงู„ early childhood ู…ู† ุญุฏ ุณู† ุณู†ุฉ ุงูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:31,920
67
+ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุจุนู‡ ู„ุญุฏ ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:36,600
71
+ ุทุจุนุง ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ early childhood ุชู†ุฌุณู… ูƒู…ุงู† pre
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:41,660
75
+ kindergarten stage ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:41,660 --> 00:01:46,150
79
+ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณุงู„ late
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:46,150 --> 00:01:51,570
83
+ childhood ู…ู† ุณู† ู…ู† ุณู† ุณุชุฉ ู„ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:51,570 --> 00:01:56,270
87
+ adolescence period ู…ู† ุงุชู†ุงุด ู„ุญุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:56,270 --> 00:02:01,670
91
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุญูƒูŠ ู„ุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด early adulthood ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู…ู† ุญุฏ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:01,670 --> 00:02:08,410
95
+ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุณู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉู…ุฏ ุงู„ adulthood ู…ู† 40 ู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:08,410 --> 00:02:16,470
99
+ 65 ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ late adulthood ู…ู† 65 ู„ุญุฏ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงูˆ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:16,470 --> 00:02:20,550
103
+ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ prenatal
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:20,550 --> 00:02:23,050
107
+ development ุงู„ prenatal development ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:23,050 --> 00:02:29,390
111
+ ุจุชุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ germinal stage ุงู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:29,390 --> 00:02:36,640
115
+ embryonic stage ุงู„ููŠุชู„ stageูˆ ุงู„ู€ prenatal period
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:36,640 --> 00:02:43,140
119
+ start from conception and end with birth until the
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:43,140 --> 00:02:48,140
123
+ time of birth ุฃูˆ until birth ุฅุฐู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:48,140 --> 00:02:55,130
127
+ prenatal developmentู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:55,130 --> 00:03:01,630
131
+ ู…ู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุตุงุจ ู„ู„ุจูˆูŠุถุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุชู‚ุณู…
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:01,630 --> 00:03:08,170
135
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ germinal stage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:08,170 --> 00:03:12,330
139
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ time of conception ู„ุญุฏ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:12,330 --> 00:03:17,950
143
+ ูŠูˆู… ุฃูˆ ู„ุญุฏ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู†emperionic stage ู…ู† ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู„ุญุฏ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:17,950 --> 00:03:24,210
147
+ ุชู…ุงู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุงู„ fetal stage ู…ู† ุชู…ุงู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ู„ุญุฏ ูˆู‚ุช
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:24,210 --> 00:03:31,670
151
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ as individuals pass through these life
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:31,670 --> 00:03:32,290
155
+ stages
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:35,460 --> 00:03:39,020
159
+ type of growth and development occur ููŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:39,020 --> 00:03:44,280
163
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ growth and development ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุนุฏุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:44,280 --> 00:03:50,320
167
+ ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ physical ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:50,320 --> 00:03:56,320
171
+ ุงู„ mental ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ emotional ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:56,320 --> 00:04:01,700
175
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ social ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ู†ู‚ุงุท ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:01,700 --> 00:04:08,100
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุงุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ change ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:08,100 --> 00:04:13,540
183
+ ุงู„ู€ growth and development ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ human
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:13,540 --> 00:04:18,720
187
+ being ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ dimension ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:24,710
191
+ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ physical ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุชู†ุงูˆู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ู€
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:24,710 --> 00:04:28,870
195
+ biological change ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:28,870 --> 00:04:35,190
199
+ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† examples of physical
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:35,190 --> 00:04:44,240
203
+ developmentูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ู…ู…ูƒู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:49,900
207
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุฌุฏุงุด ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆ ุฌุฏุงุด ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:49,900 --> 00:04:55,700
211
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€mental ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ cognitive development ุงู„ู„ูŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:55,700 --> 00:05:00,540
215
+ ุจุชุดู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ learning ุจุชุดู…ู„ solving problems
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:00,540 --> 00:05:07,160
219
+ ุจุชุดู…ู„ ุงู„ุฅุตุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุงู„ุฃุญูƒุงู… ุจุญู‚ูƒุฃุดูŠุงุก
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:07,160 --> 00:05:12,600
223
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุจุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ูˆู…ุน ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ูˆู…ุน
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:18,650
227
+ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุชุณุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†emotional
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:18,650 --> 00:05:22,870
231
+ which refer to feelings and include dealing with
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:22,870 --> 00:05:27,310
235
+ love, hate, joy, fear, excitement and other
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:27,310 --> 00:05:31,450
239
+ similar feelings ุฅุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ emotional ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:31,450 --> 00:05:38,370
243
+ ูŠุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ development ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:38,370 --> 00:05:44,350
247
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญุจ ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฎูˆู ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู†
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:44,350 --> 00:05:49,840
251
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:49,840 --> 00:05:53,320
255
+ social
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:54,890 --> 00:06:01,330
259
+ development of social relationship ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:01,330 --> 00:06:05,590
263
+ ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ friendship ุงู„ุตุฏุงู‚ุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:05,590 --> 00:06:09,130
267
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุฉ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:09,130 --> 00:06:14,210
271
+ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุถู…ู† ุงู„ social development ุฃูˆ ุงู„ social
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:14,210 --> 00:06:18,190
275
+ change ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชุทู„ุนู„ู‡ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:18,190 --> 00:06:23,650
279
+ developmentู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุทูู„ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:23,650 --> 00:06:31,870
283
+ ู…ุน ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุน ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุทูู„. ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:31,870 --> 00:06:38,810
287
+ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุตูŠุตู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุชุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:38,810 --> 00:06:39,370
291
+ ูŠุชุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต.
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:41,910 --> 00:06:45,950
295
+ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ development
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:45,950 --> 00:06:51,090
299
+ ู„ู€ social relationship ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:51,090 --> 00:06:56,370
303
+ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ููŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:56,370 --> 00:07:01,410
307
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุฆู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:01,410 --> 00:07:06,030
311
+ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:06,030 --> 00:07:11,890
315
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุฆู‡ ุจูŠุชุตุฑู ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุชุตุฑูู‡
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:17,160
319
+ ู…ุงุจูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ู„ุงู† ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ prenatal
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:21,020
323
+ development ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชุทู„ุน ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ ุงู„ prenatal
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:21,020 --> 00:07:25,800
327
+ development ุจุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุงู„ prenatal
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:25,800 --> 00:07:29,340
331
+ development ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:29,340 --> 00:07:36,540
335
+ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุตุงุจ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:36,540 --> 00:07:41,380
339
+ ุงู„ู€ time of conception ู„ุญุฏ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูŠูˆู…
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:41,380 --> 00:07:46,640
343
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ germinal stage ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:46,640 --> 00:07:52,160
347
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ embryonic stage ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู†ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ูŠูˆู…
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:52,160 --> 00:07:57,560
351
+ ุงูˆ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู„ุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู† ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:04,700
355
+ ุชุณู…ู‰ fetal stage from eight weeks to birth ู…ู† ุญุฏ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:04,700 --> 00:08:11,680
359
+ ุชู…ุงู† ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุชุณู…ู‰ fetal
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:11,680 --> 00:08:15,800
363
+ stage from
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:15,800 --> 00:08:21,840
367
+ conception to birthููŠ ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู†
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:29,260
371
+ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุตุงุจ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:29,260 --> 00:08:36,890
375
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€zygote ูˆู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ embryo ูˆู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ fetusู„ูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:36,890 --> 00:08:43,910
379
+ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุณู‚ุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:43,910 --> 00:08:47,630
383
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Zygote ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:47,630 --> 00:08:52,570
387
+ ุงู„ู€ germinal stage ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ time of
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:52,570 --> 00:08:58,690
391
+ conception ู„ุญุฏ 14 ูŠูˆู… ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ embryo ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:58,690 --> 00:09:05,890
395
+ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู„ุญุฏ 8 ุฃุณุงุจูŠุนู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ fetus ุงูˆ ุงู„
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:05,890 --> 00:09:11,510
399
+ fetal stage ู‡ู†ุฌูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุชู…ุงู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ู„ุญุฏ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:11,510 --> 00:09:16,710
403
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ zygote ุงูˆ ุงู„
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:16,710 --> 00:09:21,010
407
+ germinal stage ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ time of
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:21,010 --> 00:09:30,980
411
+ conceptionูˆุฌุฏุช ุงู„ุฅุฎุตุงุจ ู„ุญุฏ 10 days ุฃูˆ 14 days ู„ุญุฏ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:30,980 --> 00:09:35,360
415
+ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุฃูŠุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:40,020
419
+ ูŠูˆู… period of rapid cell divisionูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:40,020 --> 00:09:46,200
423
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุฌูˆุช ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง two weeks
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:46,200 --> 00:09:50,940
427
+ later when the zygote is implanted in the wall of
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:50,940 --> 00:09:58,760
431
+ the uterus ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุบู…ุฑ ุงูˆ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:58,760 --> 00:10:04,700
435
+ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุฌูˆุช ุงูˆ ุงู†ุบู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ุฒูŠุฌูˆุช ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:04,700 --> 00:10:12,570
439
+ blastocyste ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุฌูˆุชุจูŠู…ุฑ ุจุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฒู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:12,570 --> 00:10:18,850
443
+ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงูˆ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู†
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:18,850 --> 00:10:23,450
447
+ ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ blastocyst ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงูˆ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:23,450 --> 00:10:28,050
451
+ ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ู‰ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:28,050 --> 00:10:33,440
455
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Plastocyst
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:33,440 --> 00:10:38,240
459
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Embryonic Disc ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:38,240 --> 00:10:46,780
463
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ organism ุฃูˆ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ outer ring ุงู„ู„ูŠ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:46,780 --> 00:10:52,540
467
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ umbilical cord ุงู„ุจู„ุณู†ุชุงimplantation
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:52,540 --> 00:11:01,920
471
+ between days 7 and 9 days ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงูˆ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:01,920 --> 00:11:05,840
475
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณุช ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุจุน
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:05,840 --> 00:11:13,660
479
+ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุดุฑ ุงุฐุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง period
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:13,660 --> 00:11:17,500
483
+ of zygote ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณุช ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:17,500 --> 00:11:19,000
487
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณุช
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:21,110 --> 00:11:26,570
491
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Empirionic Disc ูˆ ุงู„ outer ring
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:26,570 --> 00:11:30,470
495
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:30,470 --> 00:11:36,230
499
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุจุฏุฃุช ุณูŠุฑุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:39,010 --> 00:11:44,950
503
+ ุงู„ ุงู…ุจุฑูŠูˆู†ูƒ ุฏูŠุณูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ outer ring ูˆู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:44,950 --> 00:11:52,290
507
+ ุงู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:52,290 --> 00:11:59,090
511
+ implementation ููŠ ุงู„ wall of the uterus ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:59,090 --> 00:12:04,930
515
+ ุฒุฑุงุนุชู‡ ุชุญุช ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงูˆ ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:07,460 --> 00:12:12,760
519
+ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:12,760 --> 00:12:17,540
523
+ time of conception ุงูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:17,540 --> 00:12:23,540
527
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅุฒุงูŠ ุฌูˆุช ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฌูŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ time
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:23,540 --> 00:12:29,060
531
+ of conception ูˆ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุณุจู‚ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ ovulation
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:29,060 --> 00:12:35,400
535
+ ูˆ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ valopian tube ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:35,400 --> 00:12:42,260
539
+ fertilizationููŠ ุงู„ู€ valvian cube ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:42,260 --> 00:12:48,940
543
+ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุตุงุฑ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:48,940 --> 00:12:57,940
547
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุณุช ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ16 ูˆ ู‡ู„ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:57,940 --> 00:13:03,140
551
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง 60 ุฅู„ู‰ 70 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:03,140 --> 00:13:08,180
555
+ ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง 60 ุฅู„ู‰ 70 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:10,860 --> 00:13:14,700
559
+ ุงู„ู€ blastocyst ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ embryonic disk
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:14,700 --> 00:13:19,240
563
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ organism ูˆ ุงู„ outer
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:27,480
567
+ ring ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:31,040
571
+ umbilical cord ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:34,570 --> 00:13:39,630
575
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณูŠุณุช ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุฅุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู…ุชุฑูŠุงู…
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:39,630 --> 00:13:46,250
579
+ ูˆู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุตุจุญ ุนูŠูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:46,250 --> 00:13:49,350
583
+ ุนูŠูˆู† ุชุฏุนู… ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู…ุชุฑูŠุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุนูŠูˆู† ุชุฏุนู… ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู…ุชุฑูŠุงู…
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:49,350 --> 00:13:54,130
587
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนูŠูˆู† ุชุฏุนู… ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู…ุชุฑูŠุงู… ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† 12 ุฅู„ู‰
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:54,130 --> 00:13:57,930
591
+ 14 ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:14:01,150 --> 00:14:05,150
595
+ emperionic disk ุงูˆ ุฒูŠุฌูˆุช in the wall of the uterus
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:14:05,150 --> 00:14:12,010
599
+ ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ differentiation ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:14:12,010 --> 00:14:18,190
603
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ outer ring ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:18,190 --> 00:14:24,830
607
+ ู‡ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ embolical cord ุงู„ุจู„ุณู†ุชุง ูˆุงู„ inner
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:24,830 --> 00:14:27,730
611
+ disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌุณู…ูŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:30,230 --> 00:14:34,930
615
+ ุงู„ู€ fetus ุฃูˆ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูˆุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:34,930 --> 00:14:41,610
619
+ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุชุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุถุญ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:41,610 --> 00:14:46,610
623
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠ ู…ู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:46,610 --> 00:14:50,670
627
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠ ู…ู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:50,670 --> 00:14:54,590
631
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:54,590 --> 00:15:02,630
635
+ ู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠุงู„ุงู† ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ the
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:15:02,630 --> 00:15:06,630
639
+ blastocyst having implanted itself deep within the
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:15:06,630 --> 00:15:14,330
643
+ endometrium ู‡ุชู†ุบุฑุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฒูŠุฌูˆุช ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู…
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:15:17,100 --> 00:15:20,840
647
+ proceed to grow rapidly while its cells become
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:24,300
651
+ differentiated into embryonic and supporting cells
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:24,300 --> 00:15:28,680
655
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ embryonic cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:28,680 --> 00:15:33,320
659
+ ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุดุบู„ุงุช ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุฌุณู…
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:33,320 --> 00:15:37,260
663
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ embolical cord ูˆุฒูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:37,260 --> 00:15:41,800
667
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณู†ุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูŠู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุตุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:54,840
671
+ ุงู„ู€ embryonic disk ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุทุจู‚ุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:54,840 --> 00:16:02,160
675
+ ุงู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฏุงู†ูˆ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒูˆุฏุงู†ูˆ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆุฏุงู†ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:07,100
679
+ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ blastocyst ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:16:07,100 --> 00:16:12,260
683
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆูƒูŠู ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ outer ring ูŠุชุดูƒู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:16:16,100 --> 00:16:23,680
687
+ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ embryonic disk
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:16:23,680 --> 00:16:29,120
691
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ embryonic disk ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:34,520
695
+ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุจุฑุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจู‚ุฉ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:41,920
699
+ ุงู„ectodermุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ mesoderm
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:41,920 --> 00:16:47,760
703
+ ูˆุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ endoderm
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:47,760 --> 00:16:54,100
707
+ ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:54,100 --> 00:17:04,090
711
+ ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:17:04,090 --> 00:17:08,770
715
+ ุงู„ู€ectoderm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:17:08,770 --> 00:17:18,770
719
+ ุนู† ุชูƒูˆูŠู† nervous system and skin ุงู„ู€fast
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:17:18,770 --> 00:17:24,610
723
+ development of nervous system and skin ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:17:26,030 --> 00:17:31,190
727
+ ู…ูŠุฒูˆุฏุงู† ุญู„ุฌูŠุฉ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† development of skeletonุŒ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:17:31,190 --> 00:17:35,590
731
+ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:17:35,590 --> 00:17:43,960
735
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„circulation ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุฃู…ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:43,960 --> 00:17:48,840
739
+ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ endoderm ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุญุดุงุก
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:48,840 --> 00:17:53,780
743
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:53,780 --> 00:17:57,320
747
+ ุงู„ digestive system ุฒูŠ ุงู„ respiratory system ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:57,320 --> 00:18:03,920
751
+ lungs ุงู„ urinary tract ุงูˆ tract ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:07,090 --> 00:18:13,650
755
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุจ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠูˆู†ูŠูƒูŠ ุฃุตุจุญ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู‹ุง ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ู†
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:13,650 --> 00:18:21,000
759
+ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุชู‚ุฏู…
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:26,440
763
+ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ Zygote ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฎุตูŠุต
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:26,440 --> 00:18:30,080
767
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:33,800
771
+ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุถุงูุฑุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตุจุญ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:41,760
775
+ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุนุฑุŒู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:47,340
779
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุชุฎุตุต ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ูƒู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:47,340 --> 00:18:52,900
783
+ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:52,900 --> 00:18:59,440
787
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ููŠ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒุชู…ู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:59,440 --> 00:19:04,640
791
+ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงูˆ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:04,640 --> 00:19:07,360
795
+ period of empire
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:12,610 --> 00:19:21,070
799
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:19:23,880 --> 00:19:30,360
803
+ ุฃุฒุงูŠุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุดูˆ ุฃู‡ู… ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ุงุŸ body
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:30,360 --> 00:19:35,120
807
+ parts are formed during this period ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:35,120 --> 00:19:41,860
811
+ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุถูˆุฌ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ for
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:19:41,860 --> 00:19:45,320
815
+ the first eight weeks a process of differentiation
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:52,870
819
+ occur ุฅุฐุง ุจุงูƒุชู…ุงู„ุงู„ุชุงู…ู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู†
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:52,870 --> 00:19:59,150
823
+ ุทุจุนุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ differentiation ุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงูƒุชู…ู„ุช
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:59,150 --> 00:20:05,490
827
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุง this is the embryonicperiod when the cells
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:20:05,490 --> 00:20:09,490
831
+ of the blastocyst which are very similar divide
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:09,490 --> 00:20:14,990
835
+ rapidly over and over again to produce not only
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:20:14,990 --> 00:20:19,750
839
+ bigger embryo but also multiplicity of cell type
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:20:23,620 --> 00:20:31,400
843
+ ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:20:31,400 --> 00:20:36,440
847
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:42,600
851
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ Embryical cord ูŠุจุฏุฃ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:48,200
855
+ ุชุดูƒู„ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฑุจุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ embryo ูˆ ุงู„ placenta ุจุฑุจุท
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:54,600
859
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ุดูŠู…ุฉemperio rest in the ammonium filled
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:20:54,600 --> 00:21:00,780
863
+ with amniotic fluid ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ emperio ููŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:21:00,780 --> 00:21:08,960
867
+ ูƒูŠุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ sack which the sack consist of two
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:08,960 --> 00:21:17,760
871
+ layersุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู…ู†ูŠูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุงูƒ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:17,760 --> 00:21:24,040
875
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:24,040 --> 00:21:31,160
879
+ ุนู† ูƒูŠุณ ุณุนุช ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠ ู„ุชุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:36,420
883
+ ู„ุชุฑ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู…ู†ูŠูˆุชูƒ ูู„ูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:21:36,420 --> 00:21:42,080
887
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุญ ููŠู‡ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงูƒุชู…ุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:49,380
891
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงุณุน ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:21:49,380 --> 00:21:54,500
895
+ amniotic fluid ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 700 ู…ู„ูŠ ู„ุชุฑู…ู…ูƒู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:21:54,500 --> 00:21:59,060
899
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู‚ู„ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุญุฌู… this is a valuable protection
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:21:59,060 --> 00:22:02,900
903
+ for the fetus both during its development and
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:02,900 --> 00:22:07,160
907
+ during the early stage of labor ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ amniotic
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:11,420
911
+ fluid ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:11,420 --> 00:22:16,700
915
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:16,700 --> 00:22:23,810
919
+ developmentุฃูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ูˆ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:22:23,810 --> 00:22:31,810
923
+ ุงู†ุฐุงุฑ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ protectionุฃูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:22:31,810 --> 00:22:35,670
927
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ูƒ protection ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:22:35,670 --> 00:22:42,070
931
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆ during the fetal stage ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฃูˆ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:22:42,070 --> 00:22:47,230
935
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุงุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุฃูŠ ุถุฑุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃู… ุงุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ุฃูŠ ุถุฑุจ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:22:47,230 --> 00:22:54,090
939
+ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุจูŠู…ุชุตู‡ุง ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠูˆู…ุง ู‚ุจู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:22:54,090 --> 00:22:59,430
943
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌุฉ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ leakage ุงูˆ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:22:59,430 --> 00:23:10,230
947
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ู„ ุงู„ ammoniumุณุงูƒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูƒูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุจูŠุทู„ุน
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:10,230 --> 00:23:15,830
951
+ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฌู‰ ู…ูˆุนุฏ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:15,830 --> 00:23:20,690
955
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:20,690 --> 00:23:25,570
959
+ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุชุฃุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุฏ ุฅู„ู‰
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:25,570 --> 00:23:33,210
963
+ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ุงู„ outer layer of ุงู„ุณุงูƒ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠูˆู†
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:34,410 --> 00:23:47,510
967
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูŠูˆู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูŠูˆู†
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:23:47,510 --> 00:23:57,170
971
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:23:57,170 --> 00:24:00,470
975
+ ุจุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู…
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:04,760 --> 00:24:11,840
979
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูŠูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:17,720
983
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู€ placenta of the fetus ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:23,200
987
+ machine ุงูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ machine ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุญู„ู‚ุฉ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:27,930
991
+ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ motherุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:27,930 --> 00:24:29,890
995
+ ุฌุงู‰ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุงู‰ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:29,890 --> 00:24:33,970
999
+ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ placenta ูˆุนู† ุงู„
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:33,970 --> 00:24:37,330
1003
+ circulation of blood inside the placenta
1004
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYNsXbJilO-1J-jzYLneHBY/m26vrl8oTz4_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1004 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,720
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุนู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:04,720 --> 00:00:09,460
7
+ human growth and development ูˆุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,460 --> 00:00:15,560
11
+ ุตู†ุงุน ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุฃูˆู„ูˆ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:15,560 --> 00:00:19,520
15
+ growth and development ู…ู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ time of
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:19,520 --> 00:00:24,980
19
+ conception ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ time of death ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,980 --> 00:00:30,050
23
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ from womb to tombู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,050 --> 00:00:36,430
27
+ ุงู„ life span cycle ูˆ life span cycle ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:36,430 --> 00:00:42,270
31
+ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฌุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,270 --> 00:00:48,490
35
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนthey are typically
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:48,490 --> 00:00:53,670
39
+ divided into the following categories prenatal
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:53,670 --> 00:00:58,390
43
+ period which start from conception to the time of
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:58,390 --> 00:01:03,830
47
+ birth the infancy period which start from time of
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,830 --> 00:01:08,690
51
+ birth until one year and some resources some
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:08,690 --> 00:01:13,130
55
+ references said until two years ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:13,130 --> 00:01:18,220
59
+ ู„ุญุฏ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉู‡ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูุชุฑุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:18,220 --> 00:01:25,400
63
+ infancy period ุงู„ early childhood ู…ู† ุญุฏ ุณู† ุณู†ุฉ ุงูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:31,920
67
+ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุจุนู‡ ู„ุญุฏ ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:36,600
71
+ ุทุจุนุง ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ early childhood ุชู†ุฌุณู… ูƒู…ุงู† pre
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:41,660
75
+ kindergarten stage ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:41,660 --> 00:01:46,150
79
+ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณุงู„ late
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:46,150 --> 00:01:51,570
83
+ childhood ู…ู† ุณู† ู…ู† ุณู† ุณุชุฉ ู„ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:51,570 --> 00:01:56,270
87
+ adolescence period ู…ู† ุงุชู†ุงุด ู„ุญุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:56,270 --> 00:02:01,670
91
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุญูƒูŠ ู„ุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด early adulthood ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู…ู† ุญุฏ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:01,670 --> 00:02:08,410
95
+ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุณู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉู…ุฏ ุงู„ adulthood ู…ู† 40 ู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:08,410 --> 00:02:16,470
99
+ 65 ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ late adulthood ู…ู† 65 ู„ุญุฏ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงูˆ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:16,470 --> 00:02:20,550
103
+ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ prenatal
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:20,550 --> 00:02:23,050
107
+ development ุงู„ prenatal development ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:23,050 --> 00:02:29,390
111
+ ุจุชุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ germinal stage ุงู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:29,390 --> 00:02:36,640
115
+ embryonic stage ุงู„ููŠุชู„ stageูˆ ุงู„ู€ prenatal period
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:36,640 --> 00:02:43,140
119
+ start from conception and end with birth until the
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:43,140 --> 00:02:48,140
123
+ time of birth ุฃูˆ until birth ุฅุฐู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:48,140 --> 00:02:55,130
127
+ prenatal developmentู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:55,130 --> 00:03:01,630
131
+ ู…ู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุตุงุจ ู„ู„ุจูˆูŠุถุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุชู‚ุณู…
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:01,630 --> 00:03:08,170
135
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ germinal stage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:08,170 --> 00:03:12,330
139
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ time of conception ู„ุญุฏ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:12,330 --> 00:03:17,950
143
+ ูŠูˆู… ุฃูˆ ู„ุญุฏ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู†emperionic stage ู…ู† ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู„ุญุฏ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:17,950 --> 00:03:24,210
147
+ ุชู…ุงู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุงู„ fetal stage ู…ู† ุชู…ุงู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ู„ุญุฏ ูˆู‚ุช
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:24,210 --> 00:03:31,670
151
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ as individuals pass through these life
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:31,670 --> 00:03:32,290
155
+ stages
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:35,460 --> 00:03:39,020
159
+ type of growth and development occur ููŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:39,020 --> 00:03:44,280
163
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ growth and development ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุนุฏุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:44,280 --> 00:03:50,320
167
+ ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ physical ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:50,320 --> 00:03:56,320
171
+ ุงู„ mental ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ emotional ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:56,320 --> 00:04:01,700
175
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุตุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ social ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ู†ู‚ุงุท ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:01,700 --> 00:04:08,100
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุงุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ change ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:08,100 --> 00:04:13,540
183
+ ุงู„ู€ growth and development ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ human
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:13,540 --> 00:04:18,720
187
+ being ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ dimension ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:24,710
191
+ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ physical ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุชู†ุงูˆู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ู€
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:24,710 --> 00:04:28,870
195
+ biological change ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:28,870 --> 00:04:35,190
199
+ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† examples of physical
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:35,190 --> 00:04:44,240
203
+ developmentูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ู…ู…ูƒู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:49,900
207
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุฌุฏุงุด ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆ ุฌุฏุงุด ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:49,900 --> 00:04:55,700
211
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€mental ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ cognitive development ุงู„ู„ูŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:55,700 --> 00:05:00,540
215
+ ุจุชุดู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ learning ุจุชุดู…ู„ solving problems
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:00,540 --> 00:05:07,160
219
+ ุจุชุดู…ู„ ุงู„ุฅุตุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ุงู„ุฃุญูƒุงู… ุจุญู‚ูƒุฃุดูŠุงุก
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:07,160 --> 00:05:12,600
223
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุจุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ูˆู…ุน ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ูˆู…ุน
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:18,650
227
+ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุชุณุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†emotional
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:18,650 --> 00:05:22,870
231
+ which refer to feelings and include dealing with
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:22,870 --> 00:05:27,310
235
+ love, hate, joy, fear, excitement and other
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:27,310 --> 00:05:31,450
239
+ similar feelings ุฅุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ emotional ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:31,450 --> 00:05:38,370
243
+ ูŠุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ development ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:38,370 --> 00:05:44,350
247
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญุจ ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฎูˆู ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู†
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:44,350 --> 00:05:49,840
251
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:49,840 --> 00:05:53,320
255
+ social
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:54,890 --> 00:06:01,330
259
+ development of social relationship ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:01,330 --> 00:06:05,590
263
+ ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ friendship ุงู„ุตุฏุงู‚ุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:05,590 --> 00:06:09,130
267
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุฉ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:09,130 --> 00:06:14,210
271
+ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุถู…ู† ุงู„ social development ุฃูˆ ุงู„ social
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:14,210 --> 00:06:18,190
275
+ change ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชุทู„ุนู„ู‡ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:18,190 --> 00:06:23,650
279
+ developmentู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุทูู„ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:23,650 --> 00:06:31,870
283
+ ู…ุน ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุน ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุทูู„. ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:31,870 --> 00:06:38,810
287
+ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุตูŠุตู‡ุง ูˆู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุชุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:38,810 --> 00:06:39,370
291
+ ูŠุชุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต.
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:41,910 --> 00:06:45,950
295
+ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ development
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:45,950 --> 00:06:51,090
299
+ ู„ู€ social relationship ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:51,090 --> 00:06:56,370
303
+ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ููŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:56,370 --> 00:07:01,410
307
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุฆู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:01,410 --> 00:07:06,030
311
+ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:06,030 --> 00:07:11,890
315
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุฆู‡ ุจูŠุชุตุฑู ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุชุตุฑูู‡
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:17,160
319
+ ู…ุงุจูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฏู‡ ู„ุงู† ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ prenatal
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:21,020
323
+ development ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชุทู„ุน ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ ุงู„ prenatal
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:21,020 --> 00:07:25,800
327
+ development ุจุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุงู„ prenatal
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:25,800 --> 00:07:29,340
331
+ development ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:29,340 --> 00:07:36,540
335
+ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุตุงุจ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:36,540 --> 00:07:41,380
339
+ ุงู„ู€ time of conception ู„ุญุฏ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูŠูˆู…
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:41,380 --> 00:07:46,640
343
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ germinal stage ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:46,640 --> 00:07:52,160
347
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ embryonic stage ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู†ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ูŠูˆู…
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:52,160 --> 00:07:57,560
351
+ ุงูˆ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู„ุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู† ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:04,700
355
+ ุชุณู…ู‰ fetal stage from eight weeks to birth ู…ู† ุญุฏ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:04,700 --> 00:08:11,680
359
+ ุชู…ุงู† ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุชุณู…ู‰ fetal
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:11,680 --> 00:08:15,800
363
+ stage from
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:15,800 --> 00:08:21,840
367
+ conception to birthููŠ ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู†
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:29,260
371
+ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุตุงุจ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:29,260 --> 00:08:36,890
375
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€zygote ูˆู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ embryo ูˆู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ fetusู„ูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:36,890 --> 00:08:43,910
379
+ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุณู‚ุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:43,910 --> 00:08:47,630
383
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Zygote ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:47,630 --> 00:08:52,570
387
+ ุงู„ู€ germinal stage ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ time of
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:52,570 --> 00:08:58,690
391
+ conception ู„ุญุฏ 14 ูŠูˆู… ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ embryo ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:58,690 --> 00:09:05,890
395
+ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู„ุญุฏ 8 ุฃุณุงุจูŠุนู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ fetus ุงูˆ ุงู„
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:05,890 --> 00:09:11,510
399
+ fetal stage ู‡ู†ุฌูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุชู…ุงู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ู„ุญุฏ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:11,510 --> 00:09:16,710
403
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ zygote ุงูˆ ุงู„
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:16,710 --> 00:09:21,010
407
+ germinal stage ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ time of
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:21,010 --> 00:09:30,980
411
+ conceptionูˆุฌุฏุช ุงู„ุฅุฎุตุงุจ ู„ุญุฏ 10 days ุฃูˆ 14 days ู„ุญุฏ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:30,980 --> 00:09:35,360
415
+ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุฃูŠุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:40,020
419
+ ูŠูˆู… period of rapid cell divisionูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:40,020 --> 00:09:46,200
423
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุฌูˆุช ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง two weeks
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:46,200 --> 00:09:50,940
427
+ later when the zygote is implanted in the wall of
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:50,940 --> 00:09:58,760
431
+ the uterus ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุบู…ุฑ ุงูˆ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:58,760 --> 00:10:04,700
435
+ ู„ู„ุฒูŠุฌูˆุช ุงูˆ ุงู†ุบู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ุฒูŠุฌูˆุช ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:04,700 --> 00:10:12,570
439
+ blastocyste ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุฌูˆุชุจูŠู…ุฑ ุจุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฒู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:12,570 --> 00:10:18,850
443
+ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงูˆ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู†
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:18,850 --> 00:10:23,450
447
+ ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ blastocyst ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงูˆ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:23,450 --> 00:10:28,050
451
+ ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ู‰ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:28,050 --> 00:10:33,440
455
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Plastocyst
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:33,440 --> 00:10:38,240
459
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Embryonic Disc ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:38,240 --> 00:10:46,780
463
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ organism ุฃูˆ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ outer ring ุงู„ู„ูŠ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:46,780 --> 00:10:52,540
467
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ umbilical cord ุงู„ุจู„ุณู†ุชุงimplantation
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:52,540 --> 00:11:01,920
471
+ between days 7 and 9 days ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงูˆ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:01,920 --> 00:11:05,840
475
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณุช ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุจุน
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:05,840 --> 00:11:13,660
479
+ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุดุฑ ุงุฐุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง period
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:13,660 --> 00:11:17,500
483
+ of zygote ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณุช ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:17,500 --> 00:11:19,000
487
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณุช
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:21,110 --> 00:11:26,570
491
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Empirionic Disc ูˆ ุงู„ outer ring
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:26,570 --> 00:11:30,470
495
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:30,470 --> 00:11:36,230
499
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุจุฏุฃุช ุณูŠุฑุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:39,010 --> 00:11:44,950
503
+ ุงู„ ุงู…ุจุฑูŠูˆู†ูƒ ุฏูŠุณูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ outer ring ูˆู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:44,950 --> 00:11:52,290
507
+ ุงู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:52,290 --> 00:11:59,090
511
+ implementation ููŠ ุงู„ wall of the uterus ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:59,090 --> 00:12:04,930
515
+ ุฒุฑุงุนุชู‡ ุชุญุช ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงูˆ ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:07,460 --> 00:12:12,760
519
+ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:12,760 --> 00:12:17,540
523
+ time of conception ุงูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:17,540 --> 00:12:23,540
527
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅุฒุงูŠ ุฌูˆุช ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฌูŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ time
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:23,540 --> 00:12:29,060
531
+ of conception ูˆ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุณุจู‚ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ ovulation
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:29,060 --> 00:12:35,400
535
+ ูˆ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ valopian tube ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:35,400 --> 00:12:42,260
539
+ fertilizationููŠ ุงู„ู€ valvian cube ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:42,260 --> 00:12:48,940
543
+ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุตุงุฑ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:48,940 --> 00:12:57,940
547
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุณุช ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ16 ูˆ ู‡ู„ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:57,940 --> 00:13:03,140
551
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง 60 ุฅู„ู‰ 70 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:03,140 --> 00:13:08,180
555
+ ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง 60 ุฅู„ู‰ 70 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:10,860 --> 00:13:14,700
559
+ ุงู„ู€ blastocyst ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ embryonic disk
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:14,700 --> 00:13:19,240
563
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ organism ูˆ ุงู„ outer
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:27,480
567
+ ring ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:31,040
571
+ umbilical cord ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:34,570 --> 00:13:39,630
575
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณูŠุณุช ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุฅุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู…ุชุฑูŠุงู…
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:39,630 --> 00:13:46,250
579
+ ูˆู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุตุจุญ ุนูŠูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:46,250 --> 00:13:49,350
583
+ ุนูŠูˆู† ุชุฏุนู… ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู…ุชุฑูŠุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุนูŠูˆู† ุชุฏุนู… ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู…ุชุฑูŠุงู…
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:49,350 --> 00:13:54,130
587
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนูŠูˆู† ุชุฏุนู… ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู…ุชุฑูŠุงู… ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† 12 ุฅู„ู‰
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:54,130 --> 00:13:57,930
591
+ 14 ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:14:01,150 --> 00:14:05,150
595
+ emperionic disk ุงูˆ ุฒูŠุฌูˆุช in the wall of the uterus
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:14:05,150 --> 00:14:12,010
599
+ ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ differentiation ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:14:12,010 --> 00:14:18,190
603
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ outer ring ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:18,190 --> 00:14:24,830
607
+ ู‡ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ embolical cord ุงู„ุจู„ุณู†ุชุง ูˆุงู„ inner
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:24,830 --> 00:14:27,730
611
+ disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌุณู…ูŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:30,230 --> 00:14:34,930
615
+ ุงู„ู€ fetus ุฃูˆ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูˆุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:34,930 --> 00:14:41,610
619
+ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุชุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุถุญ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:41,610 --> 00:14:46,610
623
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠ ู…ู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:46,610 --> 00:14:50,670
627
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠ ู…ู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:50,670 --> 00:14:54,590
631
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:54,590 --> 00:15:02,630
635
+ ู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠุงู„ุงู† ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ the
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:15:02,630 --> 00:15:06,630
639
+ blastocyst having implanted itself deep within the
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:15:06,630 --> 00:15:14,330
643
+ endometrium ู‡ุชู†ุบุฑุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฒูŠุฌูˆุช ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู…
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:15:17,100 --> 00:15:20,840
647
+ proceed to grow rapidly while its cells become
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:24,300
651
+ differentiated into embryonic and supporting cells
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:24,300 --> 00:15:28,680
655
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ embryonic cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:28,680 --> 00:15:33,320
659
+ ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุดุบู„ุงุช ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุฌุณู…
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:33,320 --> 00:15:37,260
663
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ embolical cord ูˆุฒูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:37,260 --> 00:15:41,800
667
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณู†ุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูŠู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุตุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:54,840
671
+ ุงู„ู€ embryonic disk ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุทุจู‚ุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:54,840 --> 00:16:02,160
675
+ ุงู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฏุงู†ูˆ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒูˆุฏุงู†ูˆ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆุฏุงู†ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:07,100
679
+ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ blastocyst ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:16:07,100 --> 00:16:12,260
683
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆูƒูŠู ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ outer ring ูŠุชุดูƒู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:16:16,100 --> 00:16:23,680
687
+ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ embryonic disk
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:16:23,680 --> 00:16:29,120
691
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ embryonic disk ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:34,520
695
+ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุจุฑุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจู‚ุฉ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:41,920
699
+ ุงู„ectodermุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ mesoderm
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:41,920 --> 00:16:47,760
703
+ ูˆุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ endoderm
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:47,760 --> 00:16:54,100
707
+ ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:54,100 --> 00:17:04,090
711
+ ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:17:04,090 --> 00:17:08,770
715
+ ุงู„ู€ectoderm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:17:08,770 --> 00:17:18,770
719
+ ุนู† ุชูƒูˆูŠู† nervous system and skin ุงู„ู€fast
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:17:18,770 --> 00:17:24,610
723
+ development of nervous system and skin ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:17:26,030 --> 00:17:31,190
727
+ ู…ูŠุฒูˆุฏุงู† ุญู„ุฌูŠุฉ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† development of skeletonุŒ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:17:31,190 --> 00:17:35,590
731
+ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:17:35,590 --> 00:17:43,960
735
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„circulation ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุฃู…ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:43,960 --> 00:17:48,840
739
+ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ endoderm ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุญุดุงุก
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:48,840 --> 00:17:53,780
743
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:53,780 --> 00:17:57,320
747
+ ุงู„ digestive system ุฒูŠ ุงู„ respiratory system ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:57,320 --> 00:18:03,920
751
+ lungs ุงู„ urinary tract ุงูˆ tract ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:07,090 --> 00:18:13,650
755
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุจ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠูˆู†ูŠูƒูŠ ุฃุตุจุญ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู‹ุง ู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ู†
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:13,650 --> 00:18:21,000
759
+ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุชู‚ุฏู…
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:26,440
763
+ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ Zygote ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฎุตูŠุต
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:26,440 --> 00:18:30,080
767
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:33,800
771
+ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุถุงูุฑุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตุจุญ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:41,760
775
+ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุนุฑุŒู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:47,340
779
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุชุฎุตุต ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ูƒู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:47,340 --> 00:18:52,900
783
+ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:52,900 --> 00:18:59,440
787
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ููŠ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒุชู…ู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:59,440 --> 00:19:04,640
791
+ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงูˆ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:04,640 --> 00:19:07,360
795
+ period of empire
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:12,610 --> 00:19:21,070
799
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:19:23,880 --> 00:19:30,360
803
+ ุฃุฒุงูŠุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุดูˆ ุฃู‡ู… ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ุงุŸ body
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:30,360 --> 00:19:35,120
807
+ parts are formed during this period ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:35,120 --> 00:19:41,860
811
+ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุถูˆุฌ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ for
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:19:41,860 --> 00:19:45,320
815
+ the first eight weeks a process of differentiation
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:52,870
819
+ occur ุฅุฐุง ุจุงูƒุชู…ุงู„ุงู„ุชุงู…ู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู†
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:52,870 --> 00:19:59,150
823
+ ุทุจุนุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ differentiation ุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงูƒุชู…ู„ุช
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:59,150 --> 00:20:05,490
827
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุง this is the embryonicperiod when the cells
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:20:05,490 --> 00:20:09,490
831
+ of the blastocyst which are very similar divide
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:09,490 --> 00:20:14,990
835
+ rapidly over and over again to produce not only
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:20:14,990 --> 00:20:19,750
839
+ bigger embryo but also multiplicity of cell type
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:20:23,620 --> 00:20:31,400
843
+ ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:20:31,400 --> 00:20:36,440
847
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:42,600
851
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ Embryical cord ูŠุจุฏุฃ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:48,200
855
+ ุชุดูƒู„ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฑุจุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ embryo ูˆ ุงู„ placenta ุจุฑุจุท
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:54,600
859
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ุดูŠู…ุฉemperio rest in the ammonium filled
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:20:54,600 --> 00:21:00,780
863
+ with amniotic fluid ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ emperio ููŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:21:00,780 --> 00:21:08,960
867
+ ูƒูŠุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ sack which the sack consist of two
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:08,960 --> 00:21:17,760
871
+ layersุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู…ู†ูŠูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุงูƒ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:17,760 --> 00:21:24,040
875
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:24,040 --> 00:21:31,160
879
+ ุนู† ูƒูŠุณ ุณุนุช ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠ ู„ุชุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:36,420
883
+ ู„ุชุฑ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู…ู†ูŠูˆุชูƒ ูู„ูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:21:36,420 --> 00:21:42,080
887
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุญ ููŠู‡ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงูƒุชู…ุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:49,380
891
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงุณุน ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:21:49,380 --> 00:21:54,500
895
+ amniotic fluid ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 700 ู…ู„ูŠ ู„ุชุฑู…ู…ูƒู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:21:54,500 --> 00:21:59,060
899
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู‚ู„ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุญุฌู… this is a valuable protection
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:21:59,060 --> 00:22:02,900
903
+ for the fetus both during its development and
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:02,900 --> 00:22:07,160
907
+ during the early stage of labor ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ amniotic
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:07,160 --> 00:22:11,420
911
+ fluid ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:11,420 --> 00:22:16,700
915
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:16,700 --> 00:22:23,810
919
+ developmentุฃูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ูˆ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:22:23,810 --> 00:22:31,810
923
+ ุงู†ุฐุงุฑ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ protectionุฃูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:22:31,810 --> 00:22:35,670
927
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ูƒ protection ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:22:35,670 --> 00:22:42,070
931
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆ during the fetal stage ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฃูˆ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:22:42,070 --> 00:22:47,230
935
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุงุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุฃูŠ ุถุฑุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃู… ุงุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ุฃูŠ ุถุฑุจ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:22:47,230 --> 00:22:54,090
939
+ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุจูŠู…ุชุตู‡ุง ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠูˆู…ุง ู‚ุจู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:22:54,090 --> 00:22:59,430
943
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌุฉ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ leakage ุงูˆ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:22:59,430 --> 00:23:10,230
947
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ู„ ุงู„ ammoniumุณุงูƒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูƒูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุจูŠุทู„ุน
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:10,230 --> 00:23:15,830
951
+ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฌู‰ ู…ูˆุนุฏ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:15,830 --> 00:23:20,690
955
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:20,690 --> 00:23:25,570
959
+ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุชุฃุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุฏ ุฅู„ู‰
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:25,570 --> 00:23:33,210
963
+ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ุงู„ outer layer of ุงู„ุณุงูƒ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠูˆู†
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:34,410 --> 00:23:47,510
967
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูŠูˆู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูŠูˆู†
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:23:47,510 --> 00:23:57,170
971
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:23:57,170 --> 00:24:00,470
975
+ ุจุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑุญู…
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:04,760 --> 00:24:11,840
979
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูŠูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:11,840 --> 00:24:17,720
983
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู€ placenta of the fetus ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:23,200
987
+ machine ุงูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ machine ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุญู„ู‚ุฉ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:27,930
991
+ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ motherุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:27,930 --> 00:24:29,890
995
+ ุฌุงู‰ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุงู‰ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:29,890 --> 00:24:33,970
999
+ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ placenta ูˆุนู† ุงู„
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:33,970 --> 00:24:37,330
1003
+ circulation of blood inside the placenta
1004
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYNsXbJilO-1J-jzYLneHBY/xhPLNbIwUqM.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1814 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,440 --> 00:00:05,140
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:05,140 --> 00:00:09,680
7
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน the human growth and
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,680 --> 00:00:15,720
11
+ development ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† special aspects of
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:15,720 --> 00:00:22,340
15
+ development ุฎู„ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:22,340 --> 00:00:27,430
19
+ ุญุฏูŠุซู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ special aspects of development ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:27,430 --> 00:00:31,690
23
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† the development of the teeth ูˆ ูƒูŠู
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:31,690 --> 00:00:36,350
27
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุจุดูƒู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:36,350 --> 00:00:42,770
31
+ ุณุฑูŠุน the human has 20 primary and 32 permanent
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,770 --> 00:00:47,470
35
+ teeth developed from the interaction of the oral
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:47,470 --> 00:00:51,810
39
+ epithelial cells ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:51,810 --> 00:00:57,560
43
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:57,560 --> 00:01:03,020
47
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู† primary teeth ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,020 --> 00:01:08,340
51
+ ุงู„ู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† permanent teeth
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:08,340 --> 00:01:12,740
55
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ the development of the
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:12,740 --> 00:01:16,700
59
+ teeth ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ the stages of the teeth ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,700 --> 00:01:21,180
63
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ three main stages of development ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ three
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:21,180 --> 00:01:29,840
67
+ main stages ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:30,020
71
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:36,510 --> 00:01:45,930
75
+ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:45,930 --> 00:01:56,630
79
+ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:56,630 --> 00:02:05,510
83
+ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:14,380 --> 00:02:19,480
87
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ differentiation ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูˆุถุญ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:19,480 --> 00:02:24,620
91
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ bell stage ูˆุดูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:24,620 --> 00:02:28,660
95
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ bell stage ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุงู„ุขู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:28,660 --> 00:02:36,450
99
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ูˆูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณู† ุญู„ุงุฌุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:36,450 --> 00:02:40,710
103
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ root formation and cementogenesis continue
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:40,710 --> 00:02:44,690
107
+ until a functional tooth and its supporting
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:44,690 --> 00:02:47,890
111
+ structures are fully developed as the crown are
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:47,890 --> 00:02:51,830
115
+ formed and mineralized the root of the teeth begin
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:51,830 --> 00:03:00,790
119
+ to form ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุชุงุฌ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:00,790 --> 00:03:02,070
123
+ ุงู„ู€ mineralization
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:10,030 --> 00:03:15,510
127
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุณู† ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:15,510 --> 00:03:19,430
131
+ Mineralization ููŠู‡ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€ roots of the teeth
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:19,430 --> 00:03:25,470
135
+ begin to form ุฌุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:25,470 --> 00:03:29,560
139
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ roots classified ุŒ ุงู„ุณุจุงุฑุฉ ุชู†ุชุดุฑ of the
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:33,340
143
+ teeth ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุฎุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ the cementum
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:33,340 --> 00:03:41,040
147
+ and periodontal ligament ูˆุงู„ุบ ู„ุฑุจูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:41,040 --> 00:03:44,400
151
+ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:46,380
155
+ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:46,380 --> 00:03:49,060
159
+ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:49,060 --> 00:03:50,440
163
+ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู†
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:50,440 --> 00:04:01,740
167
+ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:03,520 --> 00:04:11,900
171
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:11,900 --> 00:04:15,400
175
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุจูŠุซูŠู„ูŠุงู…
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:23,160
179
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ู†ูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:27,900
183
+ differentiation of the teeth ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:27,900 --> 00:04:32,080
187
+ dental mesenchyme as the crown are formed and
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:35,460
191
+ mineralized the root of the teeth begin to form
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:35,460 --> 00:04:42,700
195
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุณู† ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชูƒู„ุณ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:42,700 --> 00:05:05,900
199
+ ุงุจุชุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฌุฐูˆุฑ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุณู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชูƒูˆู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:05,900 --> 00:05:12,460
203
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุนู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุณู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุทู… ุงู„ู€ periodontal
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:12,460 --> 00:05:23,640
207
+ ligament ุงู„ุงู„ููˆู„ุงุฑ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:29,980
211
+ ูŠูƒุชู…ู„ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุณู† ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุดู‚ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ุซุฉ ูˆ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:29,980 --> 00:05:36,100
215
+ ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุงู„ูู… root formation ูˆ cementogenesis
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:36,100 --> 00:05:42,020
219
+ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุชู… ุชูƒูˆูŠู† tooth ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:42,020 --> 00:05:47,700
223
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:48,330 --> 00:05:52,770
227
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠ functional
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:52,770 --> 00:05:59,750
231
+ tooth ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุดู…ู„ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ supporting
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:59,750 --> 00:06:03,830
235
+ structures ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ teeth ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:03,830 --> 00:06:09,830
239
+ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ tooth ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:09,830 --> 00:06:16,210
243
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ initiation ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ epithelium
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:16,210 --> 00:06:20,310
247
+ ุงู„ุญู„ุงุฌูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ dental mesenchymal cells ู‡ุฐู‡
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:20,310 --> 00:06:24,850
251
+ ุจุฏุช ุชุชุดูƒู„ ูˆุตูŠุฑ differentiation ู„ู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุงุฑ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:24,850 --> 00:06:31,570
255
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ dental placode ุตุงุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณู† ุจุฏู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:31,570 --> 00:06:38,710
259
+ ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ dental mesenchymal ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:38,710 --> 00:06:46,200
263
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ development ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:53,460
267
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ bud stage ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ cap
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:53,460 --> 00:07:02,640
271
+ stage ุชุจุฏุฃ ุทุจุนุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุณู† ูŠุชุบุทู‰ ูˆ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:02,640 --> 00:07:06,260
275
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ bell stage ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฑุณ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:09,430 --> 00:07:15,490
279
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ุชุชู‚ูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ูŠุชู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฐูˆุฑ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู„ุซุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:15,490 --> 00:07:20,650
283
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู€ root ุงู„ู€
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:20,650 --> 00:07:25,390
287
+ surrounding tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุณู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:25,390 --> 00:07:29,310
291
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ eruption ูˆ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ eruption
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:29,310 --> 00:07:34,470
295
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ the development of the root ุงุณุชู…ุฑุช ุงู„ู€
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:34,470 --> 00:07:38,680
299
+ development of the surrounding structures ุงุณุชู…ุฑุช ู„ุญุฏ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:42,900
303
+ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ functional tooth ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:42,900 --> 00:07:48,660
307
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ functional tooth ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู€ bud stage ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:48,660 --> 00:07:53,800
311
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ cap
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:53,800 --> 00:07:59,220
315
+ stage ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุดูƒู„ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุณู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ bell stage ู‡ุฐู‡
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:59,220 --> 00:08:06,300
319
+ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู€ eruption of the tooth ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:06,300 --> 00:08:11,280
323
+ ุจุฒูˆุบ ุงู„ุณู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ุฑ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ eruption ูˆู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:16,940
327
+ ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ the development of the bone
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:16,940 --> 00:08:20,900
331
+ this is also subject to a wide range of variation
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:20,900 --> 00:08:24,780
335
+ teething in the lower jaw mandibular usually
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:24,780 --> 00:08:29,680
339
+ precedes that in the upper jaw maxillary by one to
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:36,420
343
+ two months ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุณู†ูŠู† ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:36,420 --> 00:08:40,540
347
+ mandibular jaw ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lower part of the jaw ููŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:40,540 --> 00:08:45,520
351
+ ุงู„ูุชู‚ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูุชู‚
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:45,520 --> 00:08:50,500
355
+ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ูุงุตู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุดู‡ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:50,500 --> 00:08:57,640
359
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:57,640 --> 00:09:01,600
363
+ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฐ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:22,800 --> 00:09:28,920
367
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mandibular jaw ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุทุน ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุธู‡ุฑูˆู†
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:28,920 --> 00:09:35,880
371
+ ู…ู† 7 ุฅู„ู‰ 9 ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ maxillary jaw ุงู„ููƒ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:35,880 --> 00:09:41,920
375
+ ู…ู† 8 ุฅู„ู‰ 11 ุดู‡ุฑ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:47,080
379
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ู€ central incisors ูˆ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:47,080 --> 00:09:53,760
383
+ ุงู„ู€ lateral incisors ุงู„ู€ permanent teeth ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:57,500
387
+ secondary teeth ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ central ููŠ ุงู„ู€
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:57,500 --> 00:10:01,540
391
+ permanent teeth ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ central incisors
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:01,540 --> 00:10:07,500
395
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:07,500 --> 00:10:13,560
399
+ ุงู„ู€ primary ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ upper jaw ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ maxillary
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:13,560 --> 00:10:21,440
403
+ jaw ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุณุงู‚ุท ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:28,460
407
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุจุฏู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ upper jaw ู…ู† 6 ุฅู„ู‰ 7 ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ lower jaw
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:28,460 --> 00:10:35,260
411
+ ู…ู† 7 ุฅู„ู‰ 8 ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู€ lateral incisors ู…ู† 7 ุฅู„ู‰ 8 ููŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:35,260 --> 00:10:42,080
415
+ ุงู„ู€ upper jaw 8 ุฅู„ู‰ 9 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lower jaw ุงู„ู€ canines
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:47,740
419
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠุงุจ ู…ู† 9 ุฅู„ู‰ 11 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ upper ู…ู† 11 ุฅู„ู‰ 12 ููŠ ุงู„ู€
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:47,740 --> 00:10:55,070
423
+ lower jaw ู…ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ upper
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:55,070 --> 00:10:59,750
427
+ jaw ุชุจุฏุฃ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู€ lower jaw ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:59,750 --> 00:11:05,430
431
+ ู„ูƒู† ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lower jaw ุชุจุฏุฃ ู‚ุจู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:05,430 --> 00:11:09,570
435
+ ุงู„ู€ upper jaw ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:09,570 --> 00:11:11,370
439
+ the development of the teeth
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:14,100 --> 00:11:17,760
443
+ ุงู„ู€ maturity ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ maturity of the bone ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:17,760 --> 00:11:22,380
447
+ bone age ุญู„ุงุฌุฉ ุฃู† skeletal maturity ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ bone
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:22,380 --> 00:11:26,700
451
+ age is a maturation process which occurs in bones
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:26,700 --> 00:11:30,880
455
+ in the form of appearance, progression in size and
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:30,880 --> 00:11:34,920
459
+ eventual fusion of epiphyseal centers with the
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:34,920 --> 00:11:39,200
463
+ metaphyses of bone ูููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ development of
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:45,360
467
+ the bone ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:52,080
471
+ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:56,300
475
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฒุงุช ุงู„ุนุธู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:56,300 --> 00:12:00,460
479
+ normally bone age corresponds to the age of the
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:00,460 --> 00:12:06,560
483
+ child ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:06,560 --> 00:12:26,790
487
+ ุงู„ุนุธู…ูŠ the bone age ู‡ูˆ ูŠู†ุงุณุจ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:26,790 --> 00:12:32,370
491
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ูˆุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:32,370 --> 00:12:37,320
495
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนุธู…ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:37,320 --> 00:12:42,180
499
+ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ุทูู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุดุงูƒู„
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:42,180 --> 00:12:46,540
503
+ ุงู„ุบุฏุฏ ุงู„ุตู…ุงุก ุฒูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ hypothyroidism
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:46,540 --> 00:12:51,760
507
+ evaluation of bone age ูƒูŠู ู†ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู€ bone age if the
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:56,580
511
+ newborn and infancy in the newborn and in the
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:56,580 --> 00:13:00,880
515
+ infancy the ossified centers around the knee joint
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:13:00,880 --> 00:13:06,710
519
+ are well developed. Absence of these centers means a
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:13:06,710 --> 00:13:11,090
523
+ delay in the bone age. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ุดูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:13:11,090 --> 00:13:16,090
527
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชููŠุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ bone age ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:13:16,090 --> 00:13:21,930
531
+ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู€ newborn ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ossified centers
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:21,930 --> 00:13:27,070
535
+ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุจุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุชูƒูˆู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:27,070 --> 00:13:33,170
539
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ. ู„ูƒู† ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Newborn ูˆ ุงู„ู€
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:33,170 --> 00:13:40,930
543
+ Infancy ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุนุธู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุทูู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:41,960 --> 00:13:47,200
547
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุดุนุฉ ู„ุทูู„ ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:52,760
551
+ ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:52,760 --> 00:13:54,160
555
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:54,160 --> 00:13:56,100
559
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:56,100 --> 00:13:59,500
563
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:59,500 --> 00:13:59,520
567
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:59,520 --> 00:13:59,640
571
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:59,640 --> 00:14:09,740
575
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:09,740 --> 00:14:17,410
579
+ ุฑูˆู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… of the hand and wrist ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:14:17,410 --> 00:14:26,330
583
+ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชู‚ูŠู… ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุงู„ุชุนุธู… ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุงู„ุนุธู… ููŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:14:26,330 --> 00:14:31,530
587
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุตูˆุฑ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:31,530 --> 00:14:36,880
591
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ. ุฑูˆู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… for the hand and wrist ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจูŠู†
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:42,840
595
+ ุนุงู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุงู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุงู…ูŠู†. ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูƒุฑุจู„ ุจูˆู† ุจูŠุฑุฌุฑ ุจูŠู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:14:42,840 --> 00:14:48,440
599
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช. ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ุณ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:14:48,440 --> 00:14:52,880
603
+ ุนุธู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุนุถู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑุจู„ ุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ. ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:52,880 --> 00:14:58,260
607
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ two rows of carpal bone. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตููŠู†
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:58,260 --> 00:15:04,270
611
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Carpal bone. ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุตููŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธู… ู‡ู…
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:04,270 --> 00:15:07,910
615
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุญุฏุฏูˆุง in adolescence and late childhood.
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:15:07,910 --> 00:15:12,630
619
+ evaluation of bone age is more complicated. ููŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:15:12,630 --> 00:15:17,970
623
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ late childhood. ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:15:17,970 --> 00:15:23,390
627
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ู„ู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนุธู…ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:15:23,390 --> 00:15:28,890
631
+ ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏู‹ุง. ูˆููŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:15:28,890 --> 00:15:37,770
635
+ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุก ูˆุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ cartilage
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:15:37,770 --> 00:15:39,950
639
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุจูŠูุณูŠุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ joints.
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:15:47,860 --> 00:15:55,880
643
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุฏุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนุธู… ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:15:55,880 --> 00:16:01,500
647
+ ูˆุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุฉ ูˆู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ adolescence ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:02,380 --> 00:16:07,140
651
+ Atlas. ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Greulich & Pyle atlas ุฃูˆ Tanner atlas.
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:07,140 --> 00:16:11,600
655
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู….
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:14,780
659
+ Respiratory rate, heart rate and blood pressure.
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:16:14,780 --> 00:16:18,440
663
+ The following table shows the average heart rate,
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:16:19,220 --> 00:16:22,780
667
+ respiratory rate and blood pressure at different
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:16:22,780 --> 00:16:27,250
671
+ periods of a child. ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูŠูˆุถุญ ุจุนุถ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:16:27,250 --> 00:16:33,850
675
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุงุช ู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ูˆู…ุนุฏู„ ุถุฑุจุงุช
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:16:33,850 --> 00:16:41,490
679
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ. ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู„ู€
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:16:41,490 --> 00:16:46,570
683
+ newborn. ุงู„ู€ heart rate 130, blood pressure 80 ู„ู€ 60.
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:16:46,570 --> 00:16:52,610
687
+ ุงู„ู€ respiratory rate 55. ุนู†ุฏ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ. ุงู„ู€ heart rate
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:16:52,610 --> 00:16:57,000
691
+ 120. ุงู„ู€ blood pressure 80 ู„ู€ 60. ุงู„ู€ respiratory
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:57,000 --> 00:17:04,200
695
+ rate 40. ุนู†ุฏ one year. ุงู„ู€ heart rate 110.
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:17:04,200 --> 00:17:07,960
699
+ blood pressure 80 ู„ู€ 60. ุงู„ู€ respiratory rate
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:17:07,960 --> 00:17:14,060
703
+ 35. ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช. 100 ุนู„ู‰ 60.
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:17:14,060 --> 00:17:21,340
707
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช. 90 heart rate, 100 ุนู„ู‰ 65 blood
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:17:21,340 --> 00:17:25,440
711
+ pressure. 20 respiratory rate. ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ puberty
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:17:25,440 --> 00:17:32,660
715
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ 110 ุนู„ู‰ 70. ุงู„ู€ heart rate
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:17:32,660 --> 00:17:40,040
719
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง 85. ูˆุงู„ู€ respiratory rate ูŠูƒูˆู† 20. ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:17:40,040 --> 00:17:46,760
723
+ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:17:46,760 --> 00:17:51,900
727
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:17:51,900 --> 00:17:59,490
731
+ more rounded and horizontal. ุงู„ุณู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจูƒุณูŠุฉ ููŠ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:17:59,490 --> 00:18:05,870
735
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ุถู„ุน ุงู„ุฃูŠุณุฑ.
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:18:05,870 --> 00:18:13,490
739
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุงู„ู€ cardiac ุจูŠุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ apex ุจูŠุช ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุท
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:18:13,490 --> 00:18:21,870
743
+ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุถู„ุน ู„ุจุฑุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ.
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:18:23,790 --> 00:18:27,930
747
+ ุฑุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠู‹ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ cardiographic ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ cardiothoracic
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:18:27,930 --> 00:18:36,650
751
+ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 0.6 ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ 0.5 ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:36,650 --> 00:18:44,790
755
+ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุฃูˆ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… 0.6.
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:44,790 --> 00:18:54,460
759
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ cardiothoracic ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุตุฏุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:54,460 --> 00:19:01,280
763
+ thoracic space 0.6 ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ 0.5. ู„ุฃู†
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:03,820
767
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„.
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:19:11,630 --> 00:19:18,710
771
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุณู†ุฌุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ scoliosis. ู‡ูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:19:18,710 --> 00:19:24,010
775
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุญู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ู„ู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ.
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:19:27,530 --> 00:19:31,570
779
+ A curvature of the spine that can occur in
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:19:31,570 --> 00:19:36,110
783
+ adolescents and young children. It is a lateral
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:19:36,110 --> 00:19:41,630
787
+ curvature of the spine.
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:51,520
791
+ Early diagnosis and appropriate management of care.
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:58,540
795
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุŒ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ู…ุจูƒุฑ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:58,540 --> 00:20:04,340
799
+ ุฃูˆ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ. ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุฃู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:20:04,340 --> 00:20:08,880
803
+ ู†ู‚ุฏู… appropriate management ูˆ prevent the need of
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:13,380
807
+ surgery. ูˆูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู„ุฌูˆุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ.
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:26,360
811
+ ุจุดูƒู„ู ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ scoliosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:20:26,360 --> 00:20:30,560
815
+ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ู. ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุญู†ุงุก
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:20:30,560 --> 00:20:36,020
819
+ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุŒ lateral curvature of the spine. ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:20:36,020 --> 00:20:42,680
823
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ thoracic area. ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:49,180
827
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„. ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Spina Bifida.
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:20:49,180 --> 00:20:56,360
831
+ ูุชู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ูˆุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠ. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:56,360 --> 00:21:02,580
835
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ development. ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:21:02,580 --> 00:21:06,630
839
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:21:06,630 --> 00:21:11,270
843
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง spinal cord ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:11,270 --> 00:21:15,750
847
+ spinal canal. ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ spinal cord ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:21:15,750 --> 00:21:23,190
851
+ meningesุŒ ุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ pia mater ูˆุงู„ู€ dura mater ูˆุงู„ู€
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:21:23,190 --> 00:21:29,490
855
+ arachnoid mater. ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:21:29,490 --> 00:21:34,350
859
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Spina BifidaุŒ ูุชู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:21:34,350 --> 00:21:39,770
863
+ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุญุฏ ุซู„ุงุซ ุญุงู„ุงุช. ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† Spina
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:21:39,770 --> 00:21:47,230
867
+ Bifida OccultaุŒ ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† Spina Bifida ManifestaุŒ ูˆ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:47,230 --> 00:21:51,650
871
+ Spina Bifida Manifesta ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ Meningocele ุฃูˆ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:51,650 --> 00:21:56,670
875
+ Myelomeningocele. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Spina
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:56,670 --> 00:22:00,910
879
+ Bifida OccultaุŒ ุดูˆ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ OccultaุŸ Occulta
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:00,910 --> 00:22:07,150
883
+ ู…ุฎููŠุฉ. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุจูŠู† ููŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:07,150 --> 00:22:13,240
887
+ ุงู„ู€ skin ุฃูŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ูˆู…ุด ู…ุจูŠู† ุฃูŠ ุจุฑูˆุฒุงุช. ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:13,240 --> 00:22:20,040
891
+ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ูุฑุงุบ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:20,040 --> 00:22:24,460
895
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ููŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:22:24,460 --> 00:22:29,980
899
+ ุงู„ู€ vertebral column. ูˆู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:29,980 --> 00:22:36,080
903
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ู„ู„ุฃุณูู„.
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:39,090 --> 00:22:42,910
907
+ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:42,910 --> 00:22:48,150
911
+ ุจุชู†ุจุช ุดุนุฑ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง hair follicle. ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุนุฑ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:48,150 --> 00:22:53,070
915
+ ู…ู† ุจุตูŠู„ุงุช ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:53,070 --> 00:22:57,050
919
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Spina Bifida Occulta. ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:22:57,050 --> 00:23:01,610
923
+ ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง ุณู‡ู„ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุงููŠ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุฎุงุฑุฌู‡ุง.
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:04,240 --> 00:23:09,860
927
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ vertebral column ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ spine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:09,860 --> 00:23:15,700
931
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:15,700 --> 00:23:20,480
935
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ. ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุจุชุชู… ุชุดุฎูŠุต
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:25,060
939
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุŒ ูˆุจุชุชู… ุนู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:25,060 --> 00:23:30,400
943
+ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ูˆุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ vertebra
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:31,370 --> 00:23:35,430
947
+ and/or the spinal cord of the fetus does not
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:35,430 --> 00:23:39,210
951
+ develop properly. It is one of the most common
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:39,210 --> 00:23:46,200
955
+ birth defects. ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุน
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:51,520
959
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„. Occurring in two out of one thousand babies.
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:51,520 --> 00:23:56,600
963
+ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฃู„ู ุทูู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:56,600 --> 00:24:00,280
967
+ diagnosis ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ. While the condition is
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:03,320
971
+ permanent, early treatment is urged to avoid
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:03,320 --> 00:24:07,740
975
+ further spinal and neurological damage. ูˆูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃู†
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:07,740 --> 00:24:15,600
979
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ู‡ุฐุง Permanent. ูŠูุถู„ ุฃู† ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:21,880
983
+ ู…ุจูƒุฑู‹ุง ูˆู…ู†ุน ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุณูŠุก ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง. ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:26,560
987
+ Spina Bifida ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู†. Spina Bifida
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:31,700
991
+ Occulta ูˆ Spina Bifida Manifesta. ุนุฑูู†ุง ุดูˆ ู‡ูŠ Spina
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:31,700 --> 00:24:36,680
995
+ Bifida Occulta. ุฃู† ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู€ Spina Bifida Manifesta.
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:37,400 --> 00:24:41,440
999
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ Manifesta ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†.
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:41,440 --> 00:24:46,120
1003
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ spinal bifida manifesta ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:46,120 --> 00:24:48,920
1007
+ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง meningocel ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:48,920 --> 00:24:55,980
1011
+ meningomyelocele ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† meningocel ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:55,980 --> 00:25:03,680
1015
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ spinal cord ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ุนุถู…ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:25:04,420 --> 00:25:11,580
1019
+ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจู‡ ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุตุงุฑ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:25:11,580 --> 00:25:16,360
1023
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุจุนุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ูƒูŠุณ ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:25:16,360 --> 00:25:22,620
1027
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู†ู†ุฌูˆุณูŠู„ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:25:22,620 --> 00:25:29,500
1031
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ู†ู†ุฌูˆู…ุงูŠู„ูˆุณูŠู„ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:29,500 --> 00:25:37,520
1035
+ ู…ู†ู†ุฌูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ spinal cord ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:25:37,520 --> 00:25:42,540
1039
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง meningomyelocele ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:25:42,540 --> 00:25:50,260
1043
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชู… ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ูˆุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:50,260 --> 00:25:56,580
1047
+ ูˆุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:56,580 --> 00:26:00,320
1051
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ congenital
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:01,600
1055
+ developmental disorders
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:26:05,310 --> 00:26:10,990
1059
+ ุฃูˆ developmental hip dislocation ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ุงุณู… ู‚ุฏูŠู…
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:26:10,990 --> 00:26:15,250
1063
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ congenital hip dislocation CDH ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุณู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:26:15,250 --> 00:26:17,730
1067
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ developmental dislocation
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:26:17,730 --> 00:26:25,950
1071
+ developmental dislocation of the hip DDH ูƒู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:26:25,950 --> 00:26:32,870
1075
+ ุจู†ุนุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ู€ anatomy of the pelvis ุงู„ู€ pelvis ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:26:33,990 --> 00:26:40,990
1079
+ ู…ู† two halves one half to the right one half to
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:26:40,990 --> 00:26:47,090
1083
+ the left ุฌุฒุก ุฃูŠู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุตู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:26:47,090 --> 00:26:53,380
1087
+ coxy bone ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุตู ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ coxy ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุน
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:26:53,380 --> 00:26:58,600
1091
+ ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุงูˆุณ ูƒูˆูƒุณูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฌุงู†ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:58,600 --> 00:27:05,560
1095
+ ุงู„ู€ coxy bone ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ coxy ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุนุธุงู…
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:27:05,560 --> 00:27:11,240
1099
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ ilium ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:17,700
1103
+ ุงู„ู€ ischium ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ pubic area ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ pubic bone
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:27:17,700 --> 00:27:24,480
1107
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุนุธุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจุชู„ุชุญู… ูˆ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:31,600
1111
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ acetabulum ุงู„ุญู‚ ุงู„ู€ acetabulum
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:36,240
1115
+ ุงู„ู€ acetabulum ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ articulation ู…ุน
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:44,840
1119
+ ุงู„ู€ head of femur ู…ุน ุฑุฃุณ ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ูุฎุฏ ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:27:44,840 --> 00:27:49,700
1123
+ ุงู„ู€ hip joint ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ hip joint ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ acetabulum
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:27:49,700 --> 00:27:56,320
1127
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ head of femur ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:27:56,320 --> 00:28:02,840
1131
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:28:02,840 --> 00:28:10,190
1135
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ dislocation ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ head of the hip ู…ู†
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:28:10,190 --> 00:28:13,930
1139
+ ุงู„ู€ Acetabulum ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:28:13,930 --> 00:28:21,010
1143
+ ุงู„ู€ head of femur ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Acetabulum ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:28:21,010 --> 00:28:25,390
1147
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:28:25,390 --> 00:28:31,110
1151
+ developmental dislocation of the hip DDH ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:28:31,110 --> 00:28:34,890
1155
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ dislocation ุชุตูŠุฑ before
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:28:36,490 --> 00:28:42,030
1159
+ birth ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† during birth ุฃูˆ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:28:42,030 --> 00:28:50,730
1163
+ shortly after birth ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจู…ุฏุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:28:50,730 --> 00:28:53,950
1167
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:28:53,950 --> 00:28:58,650
1171
+ congenital coxa vara congenital coxa vara ุดูˆ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:28:58,650 --> 00:29:04,970
1175
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจู€ congenital coxa vara ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:04,970 --> 00:29:11,310
1179
+ ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ hip ุฃูˆ ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ูุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ femur ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:29:11,310 --> 00:29:16,590
1183
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ head of femur ุงู„ู€ neck of femur
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:29:16,590 --> 00:29:19,630
1187
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ greater trochanter ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lesser
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:29:19,630 --> 00:29:24,810
1191
+ trochanter ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ shaft of the femur ูˆ ุชุญุชู‡
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:29:24,810 --> 00:29:28,990
1195
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ articulation ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ knee ุงู„ุขู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:29:28,990 --> 00:29:33,470
1199
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู€ neck of femur ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ shaft of femur ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:29:33,470 --> 00:29:43,970
1203
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠูุชุฑุถ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:29:43,970 --> 00:29:52,230
1207
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุทุจุนุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ male ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู€
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:29:52,230 --> 00:29:58,230
1211
+ female any condition in which the neck shaft angle
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:29:58,230 --> 00:30:03,070
1215
+ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:30:03,070 --> 00:30:10,120
1219
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ less than normal which is about one hundred
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:15,020
1223
+ twenty five degrees ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:30:15,020 --> 00:30:22,600
1227
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ูƒูˆูƒุณุง ูุงุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:27,340
1231
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:30:27,340 --> 00:30:30,240
1235
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู†
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:30,720
1239
+
1240
+ 311
1241
+ 00:30:33,320 --> 00:30:38,620
1242
+ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1243
+
1244
+ 312
1245
+ 00:30:38,620 --> 00:30:44,820
1246
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1247
+
1248
+ 313
1249
+ 00:30:44,820 --> 00:30:50,340
1250
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุทุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ
1251
+
1252
+ 314
1253
+ 00:30:50,340 --> 00:30:57,400
1254
+ ุงู„ุจุทุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
1255
+
1256
+ 315
1257
+ 00:30:57,400 --> 00:31:00,160
1258
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1259
+
1260
+ 316
1261
+ 00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:01,560
1262
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูุงุฑุฉ
1263
+
1264
+ 317
1265
+ 00:31:04,430 --> 00:31:13,430
1266
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุฑุถ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1267
+
1268
+ 318
1269
+ 00:31:13,430 --> 00:31:20,330
1270
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Leg Calve
1271
+
1272
+ 319
1273
+ 00:31:20,330 --> 00:31:27,050
1274
+ Perthes disease it is an osteo or it is
1275
+
1276
+ 320
1277
+ 00:31:27,050 --> 00:31:31,190
1278
+ osteochondritis of the epiphysis of the femoral
1279
+
1280
+ 321
1281
+ 00:31:31,190 --> 00:31:37,500
1282
+ head ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Leg Calve Perthes ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ femoral
1283
+
1284
+ 322
1285
+ 00:31:37,500 --> 00:31:44,180
1286
+ head ูˆู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ epiphysis ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1287
+
1288
+ 323
1289
+ 00:31:44,180 --> 00:31:51,320
1290
+ inflammation ุฃูˆุณุชูŠูˆูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุชุณ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ osteochondritis
1291
+
1292
+ 324
1293
+ 00:31:51,320 --> 00:31:56,320
1294
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ weight bearing ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1295
+
1296
+ 325
1297
+ 00:31:56,320 --> 00:32:04,350
1298
+ destruction ู„ู„ู€ growth center ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ
1299
+
1300
+ 326
1301
+ 00:32:04,350 --> 00:32:09,370
1302
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑู ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุณูŠุตุจุญ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
1303
+
1304
+ 327
1305
+ 00:32:09,370 --> 00:32:14,290
1306
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูƒุจุฑ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑู
1307
+
1308
+ 328
1309
+ 00:32:14,290 --> 00:32:22,230
1310
+ ุงู„ุญู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูŠุฎู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุทู๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ูŠุฑูƒุจ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ูŠู…ู†ุน
1311
+
1312
+ 329
1313
+ 00:32:22,230 --> 00:32:28,050
1314
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ููŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูŠ
1315
+
1316
+ 330
1317
+ 00:32:28,050 --> 00:32:34,000
1318
+ ูˆูŠูุถู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุชุนุงู„ุฌ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€
1319
+
1320
+ 331
1321
+ 00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:38,740
1322
+ Osteochondritis slipped capital femoral epiphysis
1323
+
1324
+ 332
1325
+ 00:32:38,740 --> 00:32:44,420
1326
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1327
+
1328
+ 333
1329
+ 00:32:44,420 --> 00:32:47,960
1330
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ normal head of femur
1331
+
1332
+ 334
1333
+ 00:32:47,960 --> 00:32:56,280
1334
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ normal place ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ slipping
1335
+
1336
+ 335
1337
+ 00:32:56,280 --> 00:33:04,610
1338
+ ุตุงุฑ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ู„ู„ู€ head of femur ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1339
+
1340
+ 336
1341
+ 00:33:04,610 --> 00:33:08,690
1342
+ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† developmental hip abnormalities
1343
+
1344
+ 337
1345
+ 00:33:08,690 --> 00:33:12,390
1346
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง fractures ุฃูˆ bosses traumatic
1347
+
1348
+ 338
1349
+ 00:33:12,390 --> 00:33:17,630
1350
+ abnormalities ุงู„ู€ adolescent hip pain ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1351
+
1352
+ 339
1353
+ 00:33:17,630 --> 00:33:24,970
1354
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ู…ู† ุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ุง
1355
+
1356
+ 340
1357
+ 00:33:24,970 --> 00:33:30,440
1358
+ ู„ู„ู€ tumors ุงู„ู€ Malignancies ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1359
+
1360
+ 341
1361
+ 00:33:30,440 --> 00:33:37,220
1362
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ syndromes
1363
+
1364
+ 342
1365
+ 00:33:37,220 --> 00:33:40,220
1366
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1367
+
1368
+ 343
1369
+ 00:33:40,220 --> 00:33:44,840
1370
+ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ development neuromuscular
1371
+
1372
+ 344
1373
+ 00:33:44,840 --> 00:33:50,500
1374
+ diseases ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ cerebral palsy ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบูŠ
1375
+
1376
+ 345
1377
+ 00:33:50,500 --> 00:33:54,480
1378
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ cerebral palsy it's a term used
1379
+
1380
+ 346
1381
+ 00:33:59,510 --> 00:34:03,850
1382
+ body movement and muscle coordination ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1383
+
1384
+ 347
1385
+ 00:34:03,850 --> 00:34:11,990
1386
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุชูˆุตูŠู ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1387
+
1388
+ 348
1389
+ 00:34:11,990 --> 00:34:17,390
1390
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ coordination ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ movement ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1391
+
1392
+ 349
1393
+ 00:34:17,390 --> 00:34:23,970
1394
+ upper ูˆ lower limbs ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Cognitive
1395
+
1396
+ 350
1397
+ 00:34:23,970 --> 00:34:28,750
1398
+ Function ูƒู…ุงู† It is caused by damage to one or
1399
+
1400
+ 351
1401
+ 00:34:28,750 --> 00:34:33,590
1402
+ more specific areas of the brain ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ
1403
+
1404
+ 352
1405
+ 00:34:33,590 --> 00:34:38,850
1406
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ brain usually
1407
+
1408
+ 353
1409
+ 00:34:38,850 --> 00:34:43,110
1410
+ occurring during fetal development or infancy ููŠ
1411
+
1412
+ 354
1413
+ 00:34:43,110 --> 00:34:50,680
1414
+ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃู… ู„ุนุฏุฉ
1415
+
1416
+ 355
1417
+ 00:34:50,680 --> 00:34:56,500
1418
+ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ููŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ development of the
1419
+
1420
+ 356
1421
+ 00:34:56,500 --> 00:35:04,160
1422
+ fetus ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุดูˆู‡ุงุช ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
1423
+
1424
+ 357
1425
+ 00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:10,420
1426
+ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ normal development of the brain of the
1427
+
1428
+ 358
1429
+ 00:35:10,420 --> 00:35:17,340
1430
+ child it also can occur before during or shortly
1431
+
1432
+ 359
1433
+ 00:35:17,340 --> 00:35:18,740
1434
+ following birth
1435
+
1436
+ 360
1437
+ 00:35:22,520 --> 00:35:28,580
1438
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู… ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู€ teratogens ุชุชุนุฑุถ
1439
+
1440
+ 361
1441
+ 00:35:28,580 --> 00:35:33,780
1442
+ ู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ูˆุซุงุช
1443
+
1444
+ 362
1445
+ 00:35:33,780 --> 00:35:38,140
1446
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู… ุชุชุนุฑุถ
1447
+
1448
+ 363
1449
+ 00:35:38,140 --> 00:35:43,980
1450
+ ู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ู…ู† ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู€
1451
+
1452
+ 364
1453
+ 00:35:43,980 --> 00:35:49,060
1454
+ cerebral palsy ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ during birth
1455
+
1456
+ 365
1457
+ 00:35:49,060 --> 00:35:50,220
1458
+ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ
1459
+
1460
+ 366
1461
+ 00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:59,360
1462
+ ุฃูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ forceps delivery ุตุงุฑ
1463
+
1464
+ 367
1465
+ 00:35:59,360 --> 00:36:04,480
1466
+ ููŠู‡ damage ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุฃูŠ
1467
+
1468
+ 368
1469
+ 00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:09,680
1470
+ traumatic brain injury ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูŠุดุฎุต
1471
+
1472
+ 369
1473
+ 00:36:09,680 --> 00:36:15,840
1474
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ cerebral palsy cerebral palsy is
1475
+
1476
+ 370
1477
+ 00:36:15,840 --> 00:36:18,460
1478
+ neither progressive nor communicable
1479
+
1480
+ 371
1481
+ 00:36:24,130 --> 00:36:30,690
1482
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุนุฏ ูˆู…ุด ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุชุทูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡
1483
+
1484
+ 372
1485
+ 00:36:30,690 --> 00:36:37,270
1486
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1487
+
1488
+ 373
1489
+ 00:36:37,270 --> 00:36:41,310
1490
+ ุชุจุนูŠุงุช ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1491
+
1492
+ 374
1493
+ 00:36:41,310 --> 00:36:46,010
1494
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุถุงุนู ุฃูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
1495
+
1496
+ 375
1497
+ 00:36:46,010 --> 00:36:51,800
1498
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุจูŠุธู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ it's important
1499
+
1500
+ 376
1501
+ 00:36:51,800 --> 00:36:54,980
1502
+ to know that cerebral palsy is not a disease, it
1503
+
1504
+ 377
1505
+ 00:36:54,980 --> 00:36:59,720
1506
+ is not contagious and does not get worse, ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด
1507
+
1508
+ 378
1509
+ 00:36:59,720 --> 00:37:06,500
1510
+ ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุนุฏูŠุŒ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ brainุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1511
+
1512
+ 379
1513
+ 00:37:06,500 --> 00:37:11,120
1514
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฏู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ brainุŒ ู„ุฃ ุจุชุธู„
1515
+
1516
+ 380
1517
+ 00:37:11,120 --> 00:37:21,860
1518
+ ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆู„ุฏูˆุง ุจู€ Cerebral Palsy ู‡ูŠุฏู„ูˆุง
1519
+
1520
+ 381
1521
+ 00:37:21,860 --> 00:37:27,980
1522
+ ุทูˆู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุน Cerebral Palsy. Cerebral Palsy ู‡ูˆ ุดุฎุต
1523
+
1524
+ 382
1525
+ 00:37:27,980 --> 00:37:29,900
1526
+ ู…ูุตุงุจ ู…ู† ุบู„ุทุฉ
1527
+
1528
+ 383
1529
+ 00:37:32,140 --> 00:37:37,140
1530
+ control motor function particularly muscle control
1531
+
1532
+ 384
1533
+ 00:37:37,140 --> 00:37:41,420
1534
+ and coordination. ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุจุฑุง
1535
+
1536
+ 385
1537
+ 00:37:41,420 --> 00:37:45,960
1538
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุณูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉ motor ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1539
+
1540
+ 386
1541
+ 00:37:45,960 --> 00:37:50,460
1542
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… functional problems ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
1543
+
1544
+ 387
1545
+ 00:37:50,460 --> 00:37:53,740
1546
+ disturbance ููŠ ุงู„ gate ููŠ ุงู„ mobility ููŠ ุงู„
1547
+
1548
+ 388
1549
+ 00:37:53,740 --> 00:37:58,230
1550
+ balance. ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… involuntary movement ุทุจุนุง
1551
+
1552
+ 389
1553
+ 00:37:58,230 --> 00:38:00,950
1554
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุณู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ ุจุงู„ุณูŠ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†
1555
+
1556
+ 390
1557
+ 00:38:00,950 --> 00:38:05,490
1558
+ ู‡ุชุฏุฑุณูˆู‡ ุจุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุน
1559
+
1560
+ 391
1561
+ 00:38:05,490 --> 00:38:09,690
1562
+ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ foot
1563
+
1564
+ 392
1565
+ 00:38:09,690 --> 00:38:14,490
1566
+ ankle disorders ูˆู‡ุง ุช ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
1567
+
1568
+ 393
1569
+ 00:38:14,490 --> 00:38:18,910
1570
+ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง club
1571
+
1572
+ 394
1573
+ 00:38:18,910 --> 00:38:25,570
1574
+ foot ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุงู„ club food ุงู„ club
1575
+
1576
+ 395
1577
+ 00:38:25,570 --> 00:38:32,950
1578
+ food ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชู„ุจุณ equinovarus ุงู„ุชุดูˆู‡
1579
+
1580
+ 396
1581
+ 00:38:32,950 --> 00:38:40,030
1582
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ club food ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1583
+
1584
+ 397
1585
+ 00:38:40,030 --> 00:38:46,410
1586
+ ุชู„ุจุณ calcaneovalgus ุตุงุฑุช ุทู„ุนุช ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ูƒูุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู…
1587
+
1588
+ 398
1589
+ 00:38:46,410 --> 00:38:49,470
1590
+ ุฏุงุฎู„
1591
+
1592
+ 399
1593
+ 00:38:49,470 --> 00:38:55,200
1594
+ ู„ุฌูˆุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุนุฉ ู„ุจุฑุง ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุณ ูƒุงู„ูƒูŠู†ูŠูˆ ูุงู„ุฌุงุณ
1595
+
1596
+ 400
1597
+ 00:38:55,200 --> 00:39:00,120
1598
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ foot ูˆ calcaneus
1599
+
1600
+ 401
1601
+ 00:39:00,120 --> 00:39:06,250
1602
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ bones of the foot ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง
1603
+
1604
+ 402
1605
+ 00:39:06,250 --> 00:39:11,110
1606
+ ุจูŠุณุจู„ุงู†ุณ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ flat foot ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1607
+
1608
+ 403
1609
+ 00:39:11,110 --> 00:39:17,530
1610
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู† ู‚ูˆุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชู‚ูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
1611
+
1612
+ 404
1613
+ 00:39:17,530 --> 00:39:22,210
1614
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจูŠุณุจู„ุงู†ุณ ุฃูˆ
1615
+
1616
+ 405
1617
+ 00:39:22,210 --> 00:39:28,010
1618
+ flat foot ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
1619
+
1620
+ 406
1621
+ 00:39:28,010 --> 00:39:31,930
1622
+ down syndrome ุงู„ down syndrome ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1623
+
1624
+ 407
1625
+ 00:39:31,930 --> 00:39:41,010
1626
+ mental retardation ูˆ degree of various ุงู„ down
1627
+
1628
+ 408
1629
+ 00:39:41,010 --> 00:39:48,050
1630
+ syndrome ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุฌูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช It
1631
+
1632
+ 409
1633
+ 00:39:48,050 --> 00:39:52,410
1634
+ is a chromosomal disorder caused by presence of
1635
+
1636
+ 410
1637
+ 00:39:52,410 --> 00:39:57,770
1638
+ all or part of an extra 21st chromosomeุŒ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1639
+
1640
+ 411
1641
+ 00:39:57,770 --> 00:40:04,830
1642
+ ุงู„ู€ Chromosome ุฑู‚ู… 21. The
1643
+
1644
+ 412
1645
+ 00:40:04,830 --> 00:40:07,970
1646
+ condition is characterized by combination of major
1647
+
1648
+ 413
1649
+ 00:40:07,970 --> 00:40:10,190
1650
+ and minor differences in structure
1651
+
1652
+ 414
1653
+ 00:40:19,430 --> 00:40:25,210
1654
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ู… ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ูˆูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง
1655
+
1656
+ 415
1657
+ 00:40:25,210 --> 00:40:28,370
1658
+ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ
1659
+
1660
+ 416
1661
+ 00:40:28,370 --> 00:40:34,070
1662
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ
1663
+
1664
+ 417
1665
+ 00:40:34,070 --> 00:40:37,050
1666
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1667
+
1668
+ 418
1669
+ 00:40:37,050 --> 00:40:45,430
1670
+ development ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ูˆู†ุชุนุฑู
1671
+
1672
+ 419
1673
+ 00:40:45,430 --> 00:40:53,050
1674
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุญุจ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู†
1675
+
1676
+ 420
1677
+ 00:40:53,050 --> 00:41:00,090
1678
+ ุงู„ fluid amniotic fluid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง
1679
+
1680
+ 421
1681
+ 00:41:00,090 --> 00:41:02,590
1682
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง amniocentesis
1683
+
1684
+ 422
1685
+ 00:41:06,350 --> 00:41:12,410
1686
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต during birth during
1687
+
1688
+ 423
1689
+ 00:41:12,410 --> 00:41:18,570
1690
+ pregnancy ุฃูˆ at birth. ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ down
1691
+
1692
+ 424
1693
+ 00:41:18,570 --> 00:41:24,730
1694
+ syndrome ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ features ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1695
+
1696
+ 425
1697
+ 00:41:24,730 --> 00:41:28,510
1698
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ. Small number have severe to profound
1699
+
1700
+ 426
1701
+ 00:41:28,510 --> 00:41:34,020
1702
+ mental disability. ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ
1703
+
1704
+ 427
1705
+ 00:41:34,020 --> 00:41:37,620
1706
+ ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉ. The incidence of Down syndrome is
1707
+
1708
+ 428
1709
+ 00:41:37,620 --> 00:41:44,500
1710
+ estimated 1 ู„ูƒู„ 800 ุฃูˆ ุฃู„ู ุจูŠุฑุช 1 ู…ู† ูƒู„ 800 ุฅู„ู‰
1711
+
1712
+ 429
1713
+ 00:41:44,500 --> 00:41:56,280
1714
+ 1000 ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ Down syndrome ู…ู†
1715
+
1716
+ 430
1717
+ 00:41:56,280 --> 00:42:01,980
1718
+ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ features
1719
+
1720
+ 431
1721
+ 00:42:01,980 --> 00:42:05,340
1722
+ Down syndrome may also appear in people with a
1723
+
1724
+ 432
1725
+ 00:42:05,340 --> 00:42:09,480
1726
+ standard set of chromosomes including microgenia
1727
+
1728
+ 433
1729
+ 00:42:09,480 --> 00:42:16,480
1730
+ and abnormally small chin and unusually round face
1731
+
1732
+ 434
1733
+ 00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:22,100
1734
+ protruding or oversized tongue and almond shape
1735
+
1736
+ 435
1737
+ 00:42:22,100 --> 00:42:30,520
1738
+ of the eyes. ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุงุฑุฒ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1739
+
1740
+ 436
1741
+ 00:42:30,520 --> 00:42:35,100
1742
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠู†
1743
+
1744
+ 437
1745
+ 00:42:35,100 --> 00:42:45,380
1746
+ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ almond shape ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฒุฉ ูˆููŠ
1747
+
1748
+ 438
1749
+ 00:42:45,380 --> 00:42:50,960
1750
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ epicanthic fold of the eyelid. ุดุฑุท
1751
+
1752
+ 439
1753
+ 00:42:50,960 --> 00:42:57,680
1754
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ุดุฑูˆุทุฉ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ
1755
+
1756
+ 440
1757
+ 00:42:57,680 --> 00:43:02,570
1758
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1759
+
1760
+ 441
1761
+ 00:43:02,570 --> 00:43:06,130
1762
+ ู…ุนู‡ู… ูˆ ูŠุฏูŠุฑูˆุง ุจุงู„ู‡ู… ู…ุน ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุทุจุนุง higher
1763
+
1764
+ 442
1765
+ 00:43:06,130 --> 00:43:10,730
1766
+ risk of congenital heart defects gastroesophageal
1767
+
1768
+ 443
1769
+ 00:43:10,730 --> 00:43:14,650
1770
+ reflux disease recurrent ear infections
1771
+
1772
+ 444
1773
+ 00:43:14,650 --> 00:43:21,890
1774
+ obstructive sleep apnea thyroid dysfunction. ุฃู‡ู…
1775
+
1776
+ 445
1777
+ 00:43:21,890 --> 00:43:26,430
1778
+ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ Oriental eye tongue protrusion
1779
+
1780
+ 446
1781
+ 00:43:27,690 --> 00:43:34,070
1782
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ูƒูŠู ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† short arms and
1783
+
1784
+ 447
1785
+ 00:43:34,070 --> 00:43:40,910
1786
+ legs simian crease ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง fold ูˆุงุญุฏ
1787
+
1788
+ 448
1789
+ 00:43:40,910 --> 00:43:46,250
1790
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ internal organs
1791
+
1792
+ 449
1793
+ 00:43:46,250 --> 00:43:50,190
1794
+ congenital heart defect ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1795
+
1796
+ 450
1797
+ 00:43:50,190 --> 00:43:51,530
1798
+ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ
1799
+
1800
+ 451
1801
+ 00:43:56,180 --> 00:44:01,960
1802
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… stenosis ุฃูˆ narrowing ููŠ blood
1803
+
1804
+ 452
1805
+ 00:44:01,960 --> 00:44:09,060
1806
+ vessels. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1807
+
1808
+ 453
1809
+ 00:44:09,060 --> 00:44:17,960
1810
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ down syndrome. ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ syndromes ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…
1811
+
1812
+ 454
1813
+ 00:44:17,960 --> 00:44:18,700
1814
+ ู„ู†ุง
PL9fwy3NUQKwYNsXbJilO-1J-jzYLneHBY/xhPLNbIwUqM_postprocess.srt ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,440 --> 00:00:05,140
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:05,140 --> 00:00:09,680
7
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงุฎุฑ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน development human growth and
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,680 --> 00:00:15,720
11
+ development ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† special aspects of
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:15,720 --> 00:00:22,340
15
+ development ุฎู„ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:22,340 --> 00:00:27,430
19
+ ุญุฏูŠุซู†ุง ุนู†ุงู„ู€ special aspects of development ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:27,430 --> 00:00:31,690
23
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ development of the teeth ูˆ ูƒูŠู
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:31,690 --> 00:00:36,350
27
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุจุดูƒู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:36,350 --> 00:00:42,770
31
+ ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ human has 20 primary and 32 permanent
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,770 --> 00:00:47,470
35
+ teeth developed from the interaction of the oral
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:47,470 --> 00:00:51,810
39
+ epithelial cells ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:51,810 --> 00:00:57,560
43
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:57,560 --> 00:01:03,020
47
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู† primary teeth ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,020 --> 00:01:08,340
51
+ ุงู„ู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† permanent teeth
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:08,340 --> 00:01:12,740
55
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ development of the
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:12,740 --> 00:01:16,700
59
+ teeth ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stages of the teeth ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,700 --> 00:01:21,180
63
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ three main stages of development ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ three
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:21,180 --> 00:01:29,840
67
+ main stagesุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:30,020
71
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:36,510 --> 00:01:45,930
75
+ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:45,930 --> 00:01:56,630
79
+ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:56,630 --> 00:02:05,510
83
+ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:14,380 --> 00:02:19,480
87
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ differentiation ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูˆุถุญ ู…ุฑุญู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:19,480 --> 00:02:24,620
91
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ bell stage ูˆุดูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:24,620 --> 00:02:28,660
95
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ bell stage ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุจุทู„ุน ุงู„ุขู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:28,660 --> 00:02:36,450
99
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ูˆูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู†ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณู† ุญู„ุงุฌุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:36,450 --> 00:02:40,710
103
+ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ root formation and cementogenesis continue
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:40,710 --> 00:02:44,690
107
+ until a functional tooth and its supporting
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:44,690 --> 00:02:47,890
111
+ structures are fully developed as the crown are
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:47,890 --> 00:02:51,830
115
+ formed and mineralized the root of the teeth begin
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:51,830 --> 00:03:00,790
119
+ to form ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุชุงุฌ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:00,790 --> 00:03:02,070
123
+ ุงู„ mineralization
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:10,030 --> 00:03:15,510
127
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุณู† ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:15,510 --> 00:03:19,430
131
+ Mineralization ููŠู‡ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ roots of the teeth
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:19,430 --> 00:03:25,470
135
+ begin to form ุฌุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุงุฎุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:25,470 --> 00:03:29,560
139
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ roots classified ุŒ ุงู„ุณุจุงุฑุฉ ุชู†ุชุดุฑof the
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:33,340
143
+ teeth ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุฎุงู†ูŠุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ the cementum
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:33,340 --> 00:03:41,040
147
+ bredุจุงุฑูŠูˆ ุฏูŠู†ุชุงู„ ู„ูŠุฌุงู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุบ ู„ุฑุจูˆู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:41,040 --> 00:03:44,400
151
+ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:46,380
155
+ ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:46,380 --> 00:03:49,060
159
+ ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:49,060 --> 00:03:50,440
163
+ ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู†
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:50,440 --> 00:04:01,740
167
+ ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุชุชูƒูˆ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:03,520 --> 00:04:11,900
171
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:11,900 --> 00:04:15,400
175
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุจุซุงู„ูŠู…
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:23,160
179
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ู†ูˆุงุฉ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:27,900
183
+ differentiation of the teethู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:27,900 --> 00:04:32,080
187
+ missing climb as the crown are formed and
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:35,460
191
+ mineralized the root of the teeth begin to fall
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:35,460 --> 00:04:42,700
195
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุณู† ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชูƒู„ุณ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:42,700 --> 00:05:05,900
199
+ ุงุจุชุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฌุฐูˆุฑ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุณู† ุชุชูƒูˆู†ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:05,900 --> 00:05:12,460
203
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุนูŠู… ู„ู„ุณู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุทู… ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏู†ุชุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:12,460 --> 00:05:23,640
207
+ ู„ูŠุฌุงู…ู†ุช ุงู„ุงู„ููˆู„ุงุฑูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆู†ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:29,980
211
+ ูŠูƒุชู…ู„ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุณู† ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุดู‚ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ุซุฉ ูˆ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:29,980 --> 00:05:36,100
215
+ ูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุงู„ูู… ุฑูˆุช ููˆุฑู…ูŠุดู† ูˆ ุณูŠู…ูŠู†ุชูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:36,100 --> 00:05:42,020
219
+ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุชู… ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชูˆุซ ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:42,020 --> 00:05:47,700
223
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:48,330 --> 00:05:52,770
227
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠ functional
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:52,770 --> 00:05:59,750
231
+ tooth ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุดู…ู„ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ supporting
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:59,750 --> 00:06:03,830
235
+ structures ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ teeth ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:03,830 --> 00:06:09,830
239
+ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ tooth ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:09,830 --> 00:06:16,210
243
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ initiationูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุจูŠุซูŠู„ูŠุงู…
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:16,210 --> 00:06:20,310
247
+ ุงู„ุญู„ุงุฌูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ missing chymal cells ู‡ุฐู‡
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:20,310 --> 00:06:24,850
251
+ ุจุฏุช ุชุชุดูƒู„ ูˆุตูŠุฑ differentiation ู„ู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุงุฑ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:24,850 --> 00:06:31,570
255
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ dental placode ุตุงุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณู† ุจุฏู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:31,570 --> 00:06:38,710
259
+ ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ dental missing chymal ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:38,710 --> 00:06:46,200
263
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ development ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:53,460
267
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ bud stage ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ cab
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:53,460 --> 00:07:02,640
271
+ stage ุชุจุฏุฃ ุทุจุนุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุณู† ูŠุชุบุทู‰ ูˆ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:02,640 --> 00:07:06,260
275
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ bell stage ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฑุณ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:09,430 --> 00:07:15,490
279
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ุชุชู‚ูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ูŠุชู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฐูˆุฑ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู„ุซุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:15,490 --> 00:07:20,650
283
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู€ root ุงู„ู€
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:20,650 --> 00:07:25,390
287
+ subparting tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุณู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:25,390 --> 00:07:29,310
291
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ eruption ูˆ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ eruption
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:29,310 --> 00:07:34,470
295
+ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ development of the root ุงุณุชู…ุฑุช ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:34,470 --> 00:07:38,680
299
+ development of the subparting structures ุงุณุชู…ุฑุชู„ุญุฏ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:42,900
303
+ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ functional tooth ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:42,900 --> 00:07:48,660
307
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ functional tooth ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ bud stage ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:48,660 --> 00:07:53,800
311
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ cab
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:53,800 --> 00:07:59,220
315
+ stage ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุดูƒู„ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุณู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ bell stage ู‡ุฐู‡
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:59,220 --> 00:08:06,300
319
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ eruption of the tooth ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:06,300 --> 00:08:11,280
323
+ ุจุฒูˆุบ ุงู„ุณู†ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ุฑ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ eruption ูˆู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:11,280 --> 00:08:16,940
327
+ ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ development of the bone
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:16,940 --> 00:08:20,900
331
+ this is also subject to a side range of variation
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:20,900 --> 00:08:24,780
335
+ teething in the lower jaw mandibular usually
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:24,780 --> 00:08:29,680
339
+ proceed that in the upper jaw maxillary by one to
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:36,420
343
+ two months ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุณู†ูŠู†ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:36,420 --> 00:08:40,540
347
+ mandibular jaw ููŠ ุงู„ lower part of the jaw ููŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:40,540 --> 00:08:45,520
351
+ ุงู„ูุชู‚ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูุชู‚
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:45,520 --> 00:08:50,500
355
+ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ูุงุตู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุดู‡ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:50,500 --> 00:08:57,640
359
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:57,640 --> 00:09:01,600
363
+ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฐู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:22,800 --> 00:09:28,920
367
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mandibular jaw ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุทุน ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุธู‡ุฑูˆู†
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:28,920 --> 00:09:35,880
371
+ ู…ู† 7 ุฅู„ู‰ 9 ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ maxillary jaw ุงู„ููƒ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:35,880 --> 00:09:41,920
375
+ ู…ู† 8 ุฅู„ู‰ 11 ุดู‡ุฑ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:47,080
379
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฅ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ู€ central incisors ูˆ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:47,080 --> 00:09:53,760
383
+ ุงู„ lateral incisors ุงู„ู€ permanent teethุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:57,500
387
+ secondary teeth ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ central ููŠ ุงู„
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:57,500 --> 00:10:01,540
391
+ permanent teeth ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ central incisors
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:01,540 --> 00:10:07,500
395
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:07,500 --> 00:10:13,560
399
+ ุงู„ primary ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ upper jaw ุงูˆ ุงู„ maxillary
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:13,560 --> 00:10:21,440
403
+ jaw ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุนู†ุฏุฃูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุณุงู‚ุท ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:28,460
407
+ ู…ุชุจุฏู„ ููŠ ุงู„ upper jaw ู…ู† 6 ุฅู„ู‰ 7 ูˆููŠ ุงู„ lower jaw
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:28,460 --> 00:10:35,260
411
+ ู…ู† 7 ุฅู„ู‰ 8 ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ lateral incisors ู…ู† 7 ุฅู„ู‰ 8 ููŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:10:35,260 --> 00:10:42,080
415
+ ุงู„ upper jaw 8 ุฅู„ู‰ 9 ููŠ ุงู„ lower jaw ุงู„ canines
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:47,740
419
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠุงุจ ู…ู† 9 ุฅู„ู‰ 11 ููŠ ุงู„ upper ู…ู† 11 ุฅู„ู‰ 12 ููŠ ุงู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:47,740 --> 00:10:55,070
423
+ lower jawู…ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ upper
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:55,070 --> 00:10:59,750
427
+ jaw ุชุจุฏุฃ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ lower jaw ุชุจุฏูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:59,750 --> 00:11:05,430
431
+ ู„ูƒู† ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ู„ุจุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ lower jaw ุชุจุฏุฃ ู‚ุจู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:05,430 --> 00:11:09,570
435
+ ุงู„ upper jaw ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:09,570 --> 00:11:11,370
439
+ development of the teeth
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:11:14,100 --> 00:11:17,760
443
+ ุงู„ู€ maturity ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ maturity of the bone ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:11:17,760 --> 00:11:22,380
447
+ bone age ุญู„ู‘ุฌุฉ ุฅู† ciclical maturity ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ bone
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:11:22,380 --> 00:11:26,700
451
+ age is a maturation process which occurs in bones
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:11:26,700 --> 00:11:30,880
455
+ in the form of appearance, progression in size and
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:30,880 --> 00:11:34,920
459
+ eventual fusion of epiphysis centers with the
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:34,920 --> 00:11:39,200
463
+ metaphysics of bone ูููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ development of
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:45,360
467
+ the boneู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:52,080
471
+ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:56,300
475
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฒุงุช ุงู„ุนุธู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:56,300 --> 00:12:00,460
479
+ normally born age correspond to the age of the
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:00,460 --> 00:12:06,560
483
+ child ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฃู† ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:06,560 --> 00:12:26,790
487
+ ุงู„ุนุธู…ูŠ ุงู„ born ageู‡ูˆ ูŠู†ุงุณุจ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:26,790 --> 00:12:32,370
491
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ูˆุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:32,370 --> 00:12:37,320
495
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนุธู…ู‰ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:37,320 --> 00:12:42,180
499
+ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ุทูู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุดุงูƒู„
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:42,180 --> 00:12:46,540
503
+ ุงู„ุบุฏุฏ ุงู„ุตู…ุงุก ุฒูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ hypothyroidism
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:46,540 --> 00:12:51,760
507
+ evaluation of bone age ูƒูŠู ู†ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ bone age if the
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:56,580
511
+ newborn and infancy in the newborn and in the
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:56,580 --> 00:13:00,880
515
+ infancy the ossified centers around the knee joint
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:13:00,880 --> 00:13:06,710
519
+ are well developedabsence of these centers means a
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:13:06,710 --> 00:13:11,090
523
+ delay in the bond age ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ุดูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:13:11,090 --> 00:13:16,090
527
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชููŠุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ bond age ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:13:16,090 --> 00:13:21,930
531
+ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู€ newborn ู‡ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ ossified centers
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:21,930 --> 00:13:27,070
535
+ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูŠุฌุงู† ุจุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุชูƒูˆู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:27,070 --> 00:13:33,170
539
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุงููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Newborn ูˆ ุงู„ู€
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:33,170 --> 00:13:40,930
543
+ Infancy ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุนุธู…ูŠ ู„ู„ุทูู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:41,960 --> 00:13:47,200
547
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุดุนุฉ ู„ุทูู„ ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:52,760
551
+ ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:52,760 --> 00:13:54,160
555
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:54,160 --> 00:13:56,100
559
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:56,100 --> 00:13:59,500
563
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:59,500 --> 00:13:59,520
567
+ ุญูŠุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:59,520 --> 00:13:59,640
571
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:59,640 --> 00:14:09,740
575
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุญูŠุงุชู‡
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:09,740 --> 00:14:17,410
579
+ ุญุฑูˆู†ุชูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… of the hand and wrist ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:14:17,410 --> 00:14:26,330
583
+ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชู‚ูŠู… ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ู… ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุงู„ุนุธู… ููŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:14:26,330 --> 00:14:31,530
587
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุตูˆุฑ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:31,530 --> 00:14:36,880
591
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฑูˆู†ุชูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… for the hand and wristุนุงู…ุฉ ุจูŠู†
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:42,840
595
+ ุนุงู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุงู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุงู…ูŠู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูƒุฑุจู„ ุจูˆู† ุจูŠุฑุฌุฑ ุจูŠู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:14:42,840 --> 00:14:48,440
599
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู‰ ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ุณ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:14:48,440 --> 00:14:52,880
603
+ ุนุถู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุนุถู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑุจู„ ุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:52,880 --> 00:14:58,260
607
+ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ two rows of karbal bone ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตููŠู†
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:58,260 --> 00:15:04,270
611
+ ู…ู†ุงู„ู€ Carbal bone ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตููŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธู… ู‡ู…
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:04,270 --> 00:15:07,910
615
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุญุฏุฏูˆุง in adolescence and late childhood
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:15:07,910 --> 00:15:12,630
619
+ evaluation of bone age is more complicated ููŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:15:12,630 --> 00:15:17,970
623
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูู‚ุฉ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ late childhood ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:15:17,970 --> 00:15:23,390
627
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ู„ู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนุธู…ู‰ ุงูƒุชุฑ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:15:23,390 --> 00:15:28,890
631
+ ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏุง ูˆููŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:15:28,890 --> 00:15:37,770
635
+ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงู… ูˆุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ cartilage
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:15:37,770 --> 00:15:39,950
639
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุจูŠูุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ู‰ joints
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:15:47,860 --> 00:15:55,880
643
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุฏุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนุถู… ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชููˆู„ุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:15:55,880 --> 00:16:01,500
647
+ ูˆุงู„ุชููˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุฉ ูˆู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ adolescence ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:02,380 --> 00:16:07,140
651
+ Atlas ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ grillage and bile atlas ุฃูˆ tenor
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:07,140 --> 00:16:11,600
655
+ atlas ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู…
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:14,780
659
+ Respiratory rate, heart rate and blood pressure
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:16:14,780 --> 00:16:18,440
663
+ The following table shows the average heart rate,
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:16:19,220 --> 00:16:22,780
667
+ respiratory rate and blood pressure at different
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:16:22,780 --> 00:16:27,250
671
+ periods of a childุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูŠูˆุถุญ ุจุนุถ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:16:27,250 --> 00:16:33,850
675
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุงุช ู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุงู„ุฑุณุจูŠุฑุงุชูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุนุฏู„ ุถุฑุจุงุช
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:16:33,850 --> 00:16:41,490
679
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู€
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:16:41,490 --> 00:16:46,570
683
+ newborn ุงู„ heart rate 130 blood pressure 80 ู„ 60
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:16:46,570 --> 00:16:52,610
687
+ ุงู„ respiratory rate 55 ุนู†ุฏ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ heart rate
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:16:52,610 --> 00:16:57,000
691
+ 120ุงู„ู€ blood pressure ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู„ุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ respiratory
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:57,000 --> 00:17:04,200
695
+ rate ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ one year ุงู„ heart rate ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:17:04,200 --> 00:17:07,960
699
+ blood pressure ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู„ุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ respiratory rate
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:17:07,960 --> 00:17:14,060
703
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู…ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุชูŠู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:17:14,060 --> 00:17:21,340
707
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุชุณุนูŠู†ู‡ุงุฑุฏ ุฑูŠุช 100 ุนู„ู‰ 65 blood
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:17:21,340 --> 00:17:25,440
711
+ pressure 20 respiratory rate ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ bio parity
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:17:25,440 --> 00:17:32,660
715
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ 110 ุนู„ู‰ 70 ุงู„ heart rate
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:17:32,660 --> 00:17:40,040
719
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 85 ูˆุงู„ respiratory rate ูŠูƒูˆู† 20ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:17:40,040 --> 00:17:46,760
723
+ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:17:46,760 --> 00:17:51,900
727
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:17:51,900 --> 00:17:59,490
731
+ more rounded and horizontalุงู„ุณู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุงุจูƒุณูŠุฉ ููŠ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:17:59,490 --> 00:18:05,870
735
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุชุฑู‰ ู„ู„ู†ุจู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:18:05,870 --> 00:18:13,490
739
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฑูŠูƒุงู„ ุจูŠุช ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุจูƒุณ ุจูŠุช ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุท
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:18:13,490 --> 00:18:21,870
743
+ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนูŠุฉ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู†ุจู„ ู„ุจุฑุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:18:23,790 --> 00:18:27,930
747
+ ุฑุฏูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ู€ cardiographic ุงูˆ ุงู„ู€ cardiothoracic
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:18:27,930 --> 00:18:36,650
751
+ ุฑูŠุดูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 0.6 ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ 0.5 ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:36,650 --> 00:18:44,790
755
+ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงูˆ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… 0.6
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:44,790 --> 00:18:54,460
759
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ cardiothoracic ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:54,460 --> 00:19:01,280
763
+ Forensic Space 0.6 ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุถุงู„ 0.5 ู„ุฃู†
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:03,820
767
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:19:11,630 --> 00:19:18,710
771
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุณู†ุฌุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ scoliosis ู‡ูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:19:18,710 --> 00:19:24,010
775
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุญู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ู„ู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:19:27,530 --> 00:19:31,570
779
+ A curvature of the spine that can occur in
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:19:31,570 --> 00:19:36,110
783
+ adolescents and young children it is a lateral
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:19:36,110 --> 00:19:41,630
787
+ curvature of the spine
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:51,520
791
+ Early diagnosis and appropriate management of care
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:58,540
795
+ ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ู…ุจูƒุฑ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:58,540 --> 00:20:04,340
799
+ ุฃูˆ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุฃู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:20:04,340 --> 00:20:08,880
803
+ ู†ู‚ุฏู… appropriate management ูˆ prevent the need of
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:13,380
807
+ surgery ูˆูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู„ุฌูˆุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:26,360
811
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ scoliosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:20:26,360 --> 00:20:30,560
815
+ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ู ุญู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุญู†ุงุก
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:20:30,560 --> 00:20:36,020
819
+ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ lateral curvature of the spine ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:20:36,020 --> 00:20:42,680
823
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ thoracic area ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:49,180
827
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Spina Bifida
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:20:49,180 --> 00:20:56,360
831
+ ูุชู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ูˆ ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:56,360 --> 00:21:02,580
835
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ development ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:21:02,580 --> 00:21:06,630
839
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:21:06,630 --> 00:21:11,270
843
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง spinal cord ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:11,270 --> 00:21:15,750
847
+ spinal canal ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ spinal cord ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:21:15,750 --> 00:21:23,190
851
+ meninges ุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ biomatter ูˆ ุงู„ durameter ูˆ ุงู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:21:23,190 --> 00:21:29,490
855
+ arachnoid matter ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:21:29,490 --> 00:21:34,350
859
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง spinal bifidaูุชู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:21:34,350 --> 00:21:39,770
863
+ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุญุฏ ุซู„ุงุซ ุญุงู„ุงุช ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† Spina
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:21:39,770 --> 00:21:47,230
867
+ Bifida Occulta ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† Spina Bifida Manifesta ูˆ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:47,230 --> 00:21:51,650
871
+ Spina Bifida Manifesta ุชู†ุฌุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ Meningocel ุฃูˆ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:51,650 --> 00:21:56,670
875
+ Meningomyelocelุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Spina
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:56,670 --> 00:22:00,910
879
+ Bifida Occulta ุดูˆ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ OccultaุŸ Occulta
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:00,910 --> 00:22:07,150
883
+ ู…ุฎููŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุจูŠู† ููŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:07,150 --> 00:22:13,240
887
+ ุงู„ skin ุงูŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ูˆู…ุด ู…ุจูŠู† ุงูŠ ุจุฑูˆุฒุงุช ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:13,240 --> 00:22:20,040
891
+ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ูุฑุงุบ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:20,040 --> 00:22:24,460
895
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ููŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:22:24,460 --> 00:22:29,980
899
+ ุงู„ู€vertebral column ูˆู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:29,980 --> 00:22:36,080
903
+ ุงู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ู„ู„ุฃุณูู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:39,090 --> 00:22:42,910
907
+ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:42,910 --> 00:22:48,150
911
+ ุจุชู†ุจุท ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง hair follicle ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุนุฑ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:48,150 --> 00:22:53,070
915
+ ู…ู† ุจูˆุงุตู„ุงุช ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:53,070 --> 00:22:57,050
919
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Spina Bifida Occulta ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:22:57,050 --> 00:23:01,610
923
+ ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง ุณู‡ู„ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุงููŠ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุฎุงุฑุฌู‡ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:04,240 --> 00:23:09,860
927
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ vertebral column ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ spine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:09,860 --> 00:23:15,700
931
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:15,700 --> 00:23:20,480
935
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุจุชุชู… ุชุดูƒูŠุฒ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:25,060
939
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ูˆุจุชู… ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:25,060 --> 00:23:30,400
943
+ ุงู„ุฑุญู… ูˆุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ vertebra
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:31,370 --> 00:23:35,430
947
+ and or the spinal cord of the fetus does not
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:35,430 --> 00:23:39,210
951
+ develop properly it is one of the most common
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:39,210 --> 00:23:46,200
955
+ birth defects ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠูˆุนุง ู…ุน
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:51,520
959
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ occurring in two out of one thousand baby
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:51,520 --> 00:23:56,600
963
+ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู ุทูู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:56,600 --> 00:24:00,280
967
+ diagnosis ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ while the condition is
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:03,320
971
+ permanent early treatment is urged to avoid
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:03,320 --> 00:24:07,740
975
+ further spinal and neurological damage ูˆูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:07,740 --> 00:24:15,600
979
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ู‡ุฐุงPermanent ูŠูุถู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:21,880
983
+ ู…ุจูƒุฑุง ูˆู…ู†ู‰ ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุณูŠุก ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงุฐุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:26,560
987
+ Spina Bifida ููŠ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู† Spina Bifida
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:31,700
991
+ Occulta ูˆ Spina Bifida Manifesta ุนุฑูู†ุง ุดูˆู‡ูŠ Spina
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:31,700 --> 00:24:36,680
995
+ Bifida Occulta ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ Spina Bifida Manifesta
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:37,400 --> 00:24:41,440
999
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ Manifesta ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:41,440 --> 00:24:46,120
1003
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ spinal bifida manifesta ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:46,120 --> 00:24:48,920
1007
+ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง meningocel ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:48,920 --> 00:24:55,980
1011
+ meningomyelocele ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† meningocel ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:55,980 --> 00:25:03,680
1015
+ ุงู† ุงู„ spinal cord ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุน ุงู„ุนุถู…ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:25:04,420 --> 00:25:11,580
1019
+ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุตุงุฑ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:25:11,580 --> 00:25:16,360
1023
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฏุนุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ูƒูŠุณ ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:25:16,360 --> 00:25:22,620
1027
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู†ู†ุฌูˆ ุณูŠู„ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:25:22,620 --> 00:25:29,500
1031
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ู†ู†ุฌูˆ ู…ุงูŠู„ูˆุณูŠู„ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:29,500 --> 00:25:37,520
1035
+ ู…ู†ู†ุฌูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ spinal cord ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:25:37,520 --> 00:25:42,540
1039
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง meningomyelocyte ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:25:42,540 --> 00:25:50,260
1043
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชู… ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ูˆุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:50,260 --> 00:25:56,580
1047
+ ูˆุงู„ููˆู„ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:56,580 --> 00:26:00,320
1051
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ congenital
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:01,600
1055
+ developmental disorders
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:26:05,310 --> 00:26:10,990
1059
+ ุฃูˆ developmental hip dislocation ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ุงุณู… ู‚ุฏูŠู…
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:26:10,990 --> 00:26:15,250
1063
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ congenital hip dislocation CDH ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅุณู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:26:15,250 --> 00:26:17,730
1067
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ developmental dislocation
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:26:17,730 --> 00:26:25,950
1071
+ developmental dislocation of the hip DDH ูƒู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:26:25,950 --> 00:26:32,870
1075
+ ุจู†ุนุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ anatomy of the pelvis ุงู„ pelvis ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:26:33,990 --> 00:26:40,990
1079
+ ู…ู† two halves one half to the right one half to
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:26:40,990 --> 00:26:47,090
1083
+ the left ุฌุฒุก ุฃูŠู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุตู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:26:47,090 --> 00:26:53,380
1087
+ coxy bone ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุตู ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ coxyุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:26:53,380 --> 00:26:58,600
1091
+ ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุงูˆุณ ูƒูˆูƒุณูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฌุงู†ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:58,600 --> 00:27:05,560
1095
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณูŠ ุจูˆู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณูŠ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ุนุถู…ุงุช
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:27:05,560 --> 00:27:11,240
1099
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ูŠุงู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:17,700
1103
+ ุงู„ุงุณูƒูŠุงู…ูˆููŠ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ pubic area ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ pubic bone
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:27:17,700 --> 00:27:24,480
1107
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุนุถู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุนุถู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจุชู„ุชุญู… ูˆ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:31,600
1111
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ acetabulum ุงู„ุญู‚ ุงู„ acetabulum
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:36,240
1115
+ ุงู„ acetabulum ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ articulation ู…ุน
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:44,840
1119
+ ุงู„ head of femur ู…ุน ุฑุฃุณ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ูุฎุฏูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:27:44,840 --> 00:27:49,700
1123
+ ุงู„ู€ hip joint ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ hip joint ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุณุชุงุจู„ูˆู†
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:27:49,700 --> 00:27:56,320
1127
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ head of femur ููŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:27:56,320 --> 00:28:02,840
1131
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:28:02,840 --> 00:28:10,190
1135
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ dislocation ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ head of the hipู…ู†
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:28:10,190 --> 00:28:13,930
1139
+ ุงู„ู€ Acetabulum ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:28:13,930 --> 00:28:21,010
1143
+ ุงู„ู€ head of ููŠู…ุฑ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ Acetabulum ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:28:21,010 --> 00:28:25,390
1147
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:28:25,390 --> 00:28:31,110
1151
+ developmental dislocation of the head DDH ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:28:31,110 --> 00:28:34,890
1155
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ dislocation ุตูŠุฑ before
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:28:36,490 --> 00:28:42,030
1159
+ birth ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† during birth ุงูˆ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:28:42,030 --> 00:28:50,730
1163
+ shortly after birth ุงูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจู…ุฏุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:28:50,730 --> 00:28:53,950
1167
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:28:53,950 --> 00:28:58,650
1171
+ congenital coaxivara congenital coaxivara ุดูˆ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:28:58,650 --> 00:29:04,970
1175
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ congenital coaxivara ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:04,970 --> 00:29:11,310
1179
+ ุนุถู…ุฉุงู„ู€ hip ุฃูˆ ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ูุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ femur ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:29:11,310 --> 00:29:16,590
1183
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ head of femur ุงู„ neck of femur
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:29:16,590 --> 00:29:19,630
1187
+ ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ greater trochanter ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ lesser
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:29:19,630 --> 00:29:24,810
1191
+ trochanter ูˆูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุดุงูุช of the femur ูˆ ุชุญุชู‡
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:29:24,810 --> 00:29:28,990
1195
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ articulation ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ุขู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:29:28,990 --> 00:29:33,470
1199
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ neck of femur ู…ุน ุงู„ุดุงูุช of femur ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:29:33,470 --> 00:29:43,970
1203
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠูุชุฑุถ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:29:43,970 --> 00:29:52,230
1207
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ male ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:29:52,230 --> 00:29:58,230
1211
+ female any condition in which the neck shaft angle
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:29:58,230 --> 00:30:03,070
1215
+ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:30:03,070 --> 00:30:10,120
1219
+ ู‡ุฐู‡less than normal which is about one hundred
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:15,020
1223
+ twenty five degrees ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:30:15,020 --> 00:30:22,600
1227
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ูƒูƒุณุฉ ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ ุงุฐุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:27,340
1231
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:30:27,340 --> 00:30:30,240
1235
+ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:30,720
1239
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:30:33,320 --> 00:30:38,620
1243
+ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:30:38,620 --> 00:30:44,820
1247
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆ ู‡ู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:30:44,820 --> 00:30:50,340
1251
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุทุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:30:50,340 --> 00:30:57,400
1255
+ ุงู„ุจุทุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:30:57,400 --> 00:31:00,160
1259
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:01,560
1263
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูุงุฑุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:31:04,430 --> 00:31:13,430
1267
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุนุฑุถ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:31:13,430 --> 00:31:20,330
1271
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง leg calf
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:31:20,330 --> 00:31:27,050
1275
+ birth disease it is an osteo or it is
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:31:27,050 --> 00:31:31,190
1279
+ osteochondritis of the epiphysis of the femoral
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:31:31,190 --> 00:31:37,500
1283
+ headุณุฃุฌุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Leg Calve Herpes ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ููŠู…ูˆุฑุงู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:31:37,500 --> 00:31:44,180
1287
+ ู‡ูŠุฏ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงุจูŠูุณูŠุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:31:44,180 --> 00:31:51,320
1291
+ inflammation ุฃูˆุณุชูŠูˆูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุชุณ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠูˆูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุชุณ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:31:51,320 --> 00:31:56,320
1295
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ wet bearing ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:31:56,320 --> 00:32:04,350
1299
+ destruction ู„ู„ growth center ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุนุงู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:32:04,350 --> 00:32:09,370
1303
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑู ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุณูŠุตุจุญ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:32:09,370 --> 00:32:14,290
1307
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูƒุจุฑ ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑู
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:32:14,290 --> 00:32:22,230
1311
+ ุงู„ุญู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ู‡ู… ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠุฎู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุฑูƒุจู‡ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ูŠู…ู†ุน
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:32:22,230 --> 00:32:28,050
1315
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ููŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูŠ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:32:28,050 --> 00:32:34,000
1319
+ ูˆูŠูุถู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุฏุงูŠู…ุงุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุชุนุงู„ุฌ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:38,740
1323
+ Osteochondritis slipped capital femoral epiphysis
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:32:38,740 --> 00:32:44,420
1327
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุญู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญู„ุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:32:44,420 --> 00:32:47,960
1331
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ normal head of femur
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:32:47,960 --> 00:32:56,280
1335
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ normal place ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ slipping
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:32:56,280 --> 00:33:04,610
1339
+ ุตุงุฑ ุงุฒุงุญุฉู„ู„ู€ head of femur ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:33:04,610 --> 00:33:08,690
1343
+ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† developmental hip abnormalities
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:33:08,690 --> 00:33:12,390
1347
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง fractures ุฃูˆ bosses traumatic
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:33:12,390 --> 00:33:17,630
1351
+ abnormalities ุงู„ adolescent hip pain ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:33:17,630 --> 00:33:24,970
1355
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ู…ู† ุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:33:24,970 --> 00:33:30,440
1359
+ ู„ู„ tumorsุงู„ู€ Malignancies ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:33:30,440 --> 00:33:37,220
1363
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ syndromes
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:33:37,220 --> 00:33:40,220
1367
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:33:40,220 --> 00:33:44,840
1371
+ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ development Neomuscular
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:33:44,840 --> 00:33:50,500
1375
+ diseases ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ cerebral palsy ุงู„ุดู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงู†ูŠ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:33:50,500 --> 00:33:54,480
1379
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ cerebral palsy it's a term used
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:33:59,510 --> 00:34:03,850
1383
+ body movement and muscle coordination ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:34:03,850 --> 00:34:11,990
1387
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุชูˆุตูŠู ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:34:11,990 --> 00:34:17,390
1391
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ coordination ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ movement ููŠ ุงู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:34:17,390 --> 00:34:23,970
1395
+ upper ูˆ lower limbs ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ู€ Cognitive
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:34:23,970 --> 00:34:28,750
1399
+ Function ูƒู…ุงู† It is caused by damage to one or
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:34:28,750 --> 00:34:33,590
1403
+ more specific areas of the brain ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:34:33,590 --> 00:34:38,850
1407
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ู…ู…ุชู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ brain usually
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:34:38,850 --> 00:34:43,110
1411
+ occurring during fatal development or infancy ููŠ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:34:43,110 --> 00:34:50,680
1415
+ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃู… ู„ู€ุนุฏุฉ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:34:50,680 --> 00:34:56,500
1419
+ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ููŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ development of the
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:34:56,500 --> 00:35:04,160
1423
+ fetus ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุดูˆู‡ุงุช ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:10,420
1427
+ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ normal development of the brain of the
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:35:10,420 --> 00:35:17,340
1431
+ child it also can occur before during or shortly
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:35:17,340 --> 00:35:18,740
1435
+ following birth
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:35:22,520 --> 00:35:28,580
1439
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ุฃู… ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุชุฑุงุชูˆุฌูŠู†ุฒ ุชุชุนุฑุถ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:35:28,580 --> 00:35:33,780
1443
+ ู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ู…ูŠุซุงุช
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:35:33,780 --> 00:35:38,140
1447
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู… ุชุชุนุฑุถ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:35:38,140 --> 00:35:43,980
1451
+ ู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุจุจ ู…ู† ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู€
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:35:43,980 --> 00:35:49,060
1455
+ cerebral palsy ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ during birth
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:35:49,060 --> 00:35:50,220
1459
+ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:59,360
1463
+ ุฃูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ forceps delivery ุตุงุฑ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:35:59,360 --> 00:36:04,480
1467
+ ููŠู‡ damage ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุงูŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:09,680
1471
+ traumatic brain injury ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูŠุดุฎุต
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:36:09,680 --> 00:36:15,840
1475
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ cerebral palsy cerebral palsy is
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:36:15,840 --> 00:36:18,460
1479
+ neither progressive nor communicable
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:36:24,130 --> 00:36:30,690
1483
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุนุฏูŠ ูˆู…ุด ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุชุทูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:36:30,690 --> 00:36:37,270
1487
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:36:37,270 --> 00:36:41,310
1491
+ ุชุจุนูŠุงุช ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:36:41,310 --> 00:36:46,010
1495
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุถุงุนู ุฃูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:36:46,010 --> 00:36:51,800
1499
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุจูŠุธู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆit's important
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:36:51,800 --> 00:36:54,980
1503
+ to know that cerebral palsy is not a diseaseุŒ it
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:36:54,980 --> 00:36:59,720
1507
+ is not contagious and does not get worseุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:36:59,720 --> 00:37:06,500
1511
+ ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุนุฏูŠุŒ ู…ุงุจุตูŠุฑุด ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ brainุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุจุตูŠุฑุด
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:37:06,500 --> 00:37:11,120
1515
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฏู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ brainุŒ ู„ุฃ ุจุชุธู„
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:37:11,120 --> 00:37:21,860
1519
+ ุชุงุจุนุฉุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆู„ุฏ ุจู€ Cerebral Palsy ู‡ูŠุฏู„ูˆุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:37:21,860 --> 00:37:27,980
1523
+ ุทูˆู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุน Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy ู‡ูˆ ุดุฎุต
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:37:27,980 --> 00:37:29,900
1527
+ ู…ุฎุตุต ู…ู† ุบู„ุทุฉ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:37:32,140 --> 00:37:37,140
1531
+ control motor function particularly muscle control
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:37:37,140 --> 00:37:41,420
1535
+ and coordination ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุจุฑุง
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:37:41,420 --> 00:37:45,960
1539
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุณูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉ motor ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:37:45,960 --> 00:37:50,460
1543
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… functional problems ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:37:50,460 --> 00:37:53,740
1547
+ disturbance ููŠ ุงู„ gate ููŠ ุงู„ mobility ููŠ ุงู„
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:37:53,740 --> 00:37:58,230
1551
+ balance ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… involuntary movementุทุจุนุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:37:58,230 --> 00:38:00,950
1555
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุณู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ ุจุงู„ุณูŠ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:38:00,950 --> 00:38:05,490
1559
+ ู‡ุชุฏุฑุณูˆู‡ ุจุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุน
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:38:05,490 --> 00:38:09,690
1563
+ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ foot
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:38:09,690 --> 00:38:14,490
1567
+ ankle disorders ูˆู‡ุงุช ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:38:14,490 --> 00:38:18,910
1571
+ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง club
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:38:18,910 --> 00:38:25,570
1575
+ foot ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ูƒูŠู ุงู„ club food ุงู„ club
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:38:25,570 --> 00:38:32,950
1579
+ food ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชู„ุจุณ equinovirus ุงู„ุชุดูˆู‚
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:38:32,950 --> 00:38:40,030
1583
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ club food ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:38:40,030 --> 00:38:46,410
1587
+ ุชู„ุจุณ calcinevalgas ุตุงุฑ ุทู„ุนุช ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ูƒูุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู…
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:38:46,410 --> 00:38:49,470
1591
+ ุฏุงุฎู„
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:38:49,470 --> 00:38:55,200
1595
+ ู„ุฌูˆุงู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุนุฉ ู„ุจุฑุง ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุณ ูƒุงู„ูƒูŠู†ูŠูˆ ูุงู„ุฌุงุณ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:38:55,200 --> 00:39:00,120
1599
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ foot ูˆ calcaneus
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:39:00,120 --> 00:39:06,250
1603
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ bones of the footู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:39:06,250 --> 00:39:11,110
1607
+ ุจูŠุณุจู„ุงู†ุณ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ flat foot ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:39:11,110 --> 00:39:17,530
1611
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู† ุนุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุฑุด ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชู‚ูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:39:17,530 --> 00:39:22,210
1615
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจูŠุณุจู„ุงู†ุณ ุฃูˆ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:39:22,210 --> 00:39:28,010
1619
+ flat footู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:39:28,010 --> 00:39:31,930
1623
+ down syndrome ุงู„ down syndrome ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:39:31,930 --> 00:39:41,010
1627
+ mental retardation ูˆ degree of various ุงู„ down
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:39:41,010 --> 00:39:48,050
1631
+ syndrome ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุฌูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุชIt
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:39:48,050 --> 00:39:52,410
1635
+ is a chromosomal disorder caused by presence of
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:39:52,410 --> 00:39:57,770
1639
+ all or part of an extra 21st chromosomeุŒ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:39:57,770 --> 00:40:04,830
1643
+ ุงู„ู€Chromosome ุฑู‚ู… 21 The
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:40:04,830 --> 00:40:07,970
1647
+ condition is characterized by combination of major
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:40:07,970 --> 00:40:10,190
1651
+ and minor differences in structure
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:40:19,430 --> 00:40:25,210
1655
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ู… ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ูˆูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:40:25,210 --> 00:40:28,370
1659
+ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:40:28,370 --> 00:40:34,070
1663
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:40:34,070 --> 00:40:37,050
1667
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:40:37,050 --> 00:40:45,430
1671
+ developmentุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ูˆู†ุชุนุฑู
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:40:45,430 --> 00:40:53,050
1675
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุญุจ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู†
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:40:53,050 --> 00:41:00,090
1679
+ ุงู„ fluid amniotic fluid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:41:00,090 --> 00:41:02,590
1683
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง amniocentesis
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:41:06,350 --> 00:41:12,410
1687
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต during birth during
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:41:12,410 --> 00:41:18,570
1691
+ pregnancy ุงูˆ at birth ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ down
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:41:18,570 --> 00:41:24,730
1695
+ syndrome ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ features ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:41:24,730 --> 00:41:28,510
1699
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ small number have severe to profound
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:41:28,510 --> 00:41:34,020
1703
+ mental disabilityุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅุนุงู‚ุฉ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:41:34,020 --> 00:41:37,620
1707
+ ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉ The incidence of Down syndrome is
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:41:37,620 --> 00:41:44,500
1711
+ estimated 1 ู„ูƒู„ 800 ุฃูˆ ุฃู„ู ุจูŠุฑุช 1 ู…ู† ูƒู„ 800 ุฅู„ู‰
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:41:44,500 --> 00:41:56,280
1715
+ 1000 ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ Down syndrome ู…ู†
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:41:56,280 --> 00:42:01,980
1719
+ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุทุจุนุงุงู„ู€ features
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:42:01,980 --> 00:42:05,340
1723
+ Down syndrome may also appear in people with a
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:42:05,340 --> 00:42:09,480
1727
+ standard set of chromosomes including microgenia
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:42:09,480 --> 00:42:16,480
1731
+ and abnormally small chin and unusually round face
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:42:16,480 --> 00:42:22,100
1735
+ protruding or oversized tongue and element shape
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:42:22,100 --> 00:42:30,520
1739
+ of the eyes ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงูˆ ุจุงุฑุฒู…ู…ูƒู†
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:42:30,520 --> 00:42:35,100
1743
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠู†
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:42:35,100 --> 00:42:45,380
1747
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ element shape ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฒุฉ ูˆููŠ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:42:45,380 --> 00:42:50,960
1751
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ epicanthic fold of the eyelid ุดุฑุท
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:42:50,960 --> 00:42:57,680
1755
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ุดุฑูˆุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:42:57,680 --> 00:43:02,570
1759
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:43:02,570 --> 00:43:06,130
1763
+ ู…ุนู‡ู… ูˆ ูŠุฏูŠุฑูˆุง ุจุงู„ู‡ู… ู…ุน ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุทุจุนุง higher
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:43:06,130 --> 00:43:10,730
1767
+ risk of congenital heart defects gastroesophageal
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:43:10,730 --> 00:43:14,650
1771
+ reflux disease recurrent hair infections
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:43:14,650 --> 00:43:21,890
1775
+ obstructive sleep apnea thyroid dysfunction ุฃู‡ู…
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:43:21,890 --> 00:43:26,430
1779
+ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ Oriental eye tongue protrusion
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:43:27,690 --> 00:43:34,070
1783
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ูƒูŠู ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† short arms and
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:43:34,070 --> 00:43:40,910
1787
+ legs simian crease ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง fold ูˆุงุญุฏ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:43:40,910 --> 00:43:46,250
1791
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ internal organs
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:43:46,250 --> 00:43:50,190
1795
+ congenital heart defect ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:43:50,190 --> 00:43:51,530
1799
+ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:43:56,180 --> 00:44:01,960
1803
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… stenosis ุฃูˆ narrowing ููŠ blood
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:44:01,960 --> 00:44:09,060
1807
+ vessels ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:44:09,060 --> 00:44:17,960
1811
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ down syndrome ุจุงู‚ ุงู„ syndromes ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:44:17,960 --> 00:44:18,700
1815
+ ู„ู†ุง
1816
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:26,270
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณูˆู ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ 14 ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‚ุจู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,270 --> 00:00:30,150
7
+ ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ 14 ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน
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+
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+ 3
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+ 00:00:30,150 --> 00:00:38,250
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+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุชุฎุชุงุฑ ู…ู†
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+
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+ 4
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+ 00:00:38,250 --> 00:00:43,110
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+ 22 ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡
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+
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+ 5
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+ 00:00:43,110 --> 00:00:50,850
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+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃูŠุด ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุงุช ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง
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+
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+ 6
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+ 00:00:50,850 --> 00:00:59,110
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+ ูƒู†ุช ู„ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูู‚ุท
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+
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+ 7
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+ 00:00:59,110 --> 00:01:09,690
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+ ุฏุนู†ูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุฎูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฌู…ุน ูุฑูŠู‚ ูุฑูŠู‚
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+
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+ 8
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+ 00:01:09,690 --> 00:01:15,350
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+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† 3 ุฅู„ู‰ 4 ุทู„ุงุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ
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+
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+ 9
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+ 00:01:15,350 --> 00:01:22,010
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+ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุชุจุนูƒู… the presentation should be around ten
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+
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+ 10
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+ 00:01:22,010 --> 00:01:29,130
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+ minutes for the team ten minutes around two and a
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+
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+ 11
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+ 00:01:29,130 --> 00:01:33,770
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+ half minutes for each of you or ูŠุนู†ูŠ three minutes
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+
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+ 12
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+ 00:01:33,770 --> 00:01:39,580
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+ for each ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู„ู„
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+
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+ 13
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+ 00:01:39,580 --> 00:01:43,980
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+ presentation ูุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุจุญุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆ ุชุนุทูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
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+
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+ 14
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+ 00:01:43,980 --> 00:01:47,880
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+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง later ุจุณ ุฃู‚ู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุฏูƒ you
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+
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+ 15
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+ 00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:54,160
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+ need to select a topic by the 18th of this month
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+
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+ 16
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+ 00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:59,940
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+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฑุณ 18 ู…ุงุฑุณ ุจุฏูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชูƒู… already ุงุฎุชุฑุชูˆุง
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+
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+ 17
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+ 00:01:59,940 --> 00:02:04,060
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+ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุชุจุนูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุดุชุบู„ ู…ุนุงูƒู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ู…ูƒู†
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+
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+ 18
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+ 00:02:04,060 --> 00:02:09,670
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+ ุจูƒุฑุง ุจุณ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุชู‰ ุชู‚ุฑุฑูˆุง ุชู‚ุฑุฑูˆุง ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ุงุฑุจุน
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+
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+ 19
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+ 00:02:09,670 --> 00:02:15,570
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+ ุจู†ุงุช ูู‚ุทุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุง ุฅู†ู…ุง ู‚ุฑุฑุชูˆุง ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุชุจุนูƒู… ูˆ
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+
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+ 20
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+ 00:02:15,570 --> 00:02:19,910
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+ ู‚ุฑุฑุชูˆุง ุงู„ topic ุชุจุนุชูˆู„ูŠ email confirming ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†
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+
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+ 21
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+ 00:02:19,910 --> 00:02:26,890
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+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุชุงุฑูˆุง topic out in two ู„ุฃู†
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+
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+ 22
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+ 00:02:26,890 --> 00:02:31,750
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+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูƒู„ group ุจูŠุทู„ุนู„ู‡ุง one
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+
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+ 23
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+ 00:02:31,750 --> 00:02:37,570
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+ topic ูุจุฏูŠ ูƒู„ .. ุจุฏูŠุด ุญุฏ ูŠูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ topic ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
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+
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+ 24
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+ 00:02:37,570 --> 00:02:42,210
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+ ู‡ุญุทู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุงู„ topics ุงู„ู„ูŠ get selected ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง
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+
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+ 25
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+ 00:02:42,210 --> 00:02:46,790
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+ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุฎู„ุงุต ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
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+
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+ 26
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+ 00:02:46,790 --> 00:02:53,050
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+ ู‡ุฐุง topic is out of the question ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
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+
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+ 27
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+ 00:02:53,050 --> 00:02:57,170
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+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
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+
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+ 28
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+ 00:03:02,420 --> 00:03:09,440
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+ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃุฎุฑ ูุตู„ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
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+
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+ 29
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+ 00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:16,260
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+ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุจุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุถุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุฑ
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+
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+ 30
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+ 00:03:16,260 --> 00:03:22,640
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+ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ structure ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡
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+
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+ 31
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+ 00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:27,380
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+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ structure ุชุจุน ุงู„ presentation ุฅูŠุด
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+
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+ 32
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+ 00:03:27,380 --> 00:03:31,740
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+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุญุชูˆูŠุŸ ูƒูŠู ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง presentationุŸ
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+
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+ 33
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+ 00:03:31,740 --> 00:03:36,200
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+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุชุŸ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูƒู… ุชุญูƒูˆุงุŸ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุฌู„ู† ููŠูƒู…
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+
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+ 34
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+ 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:44,420
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+ ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุธุจุทูˆุง ุญุงู„ู‡ู…ุŸ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ .. ููŠ ..
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+
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+ 35
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+ 00:03:44,420 --> 00:03:47,160
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+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ presentation ุจุณ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุช
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+
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+ 36
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+ 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:53,090
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+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠุŸ reservation ู„ู„ topic ุจุชุญุฌุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุชุจุนูƒูˆ
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+
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+ 37
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+ 00:03:53,090 --> 00:03:57,230
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+ ุจุชุญุฏุฏูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุชุจุนูƒ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ
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+
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+ 38
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+ 00:03:57,230 --> 00:04:01,770
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+ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุชุจุนูƒ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงุฑู ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฎู„ุตูˆุง ูˆ
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+
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+ 39
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+ 00:04:01,770 --> 00:04:06,210
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+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ู…ุด ุญุฏ ู‡ุงู†ุชู‡ู… ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณูŠุฑ ุจุญุทู‡ู… ููŠ
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+
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+ 40
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+ 00:04:06,210 --> 00:04:12,450
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+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุชุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุงุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
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+
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+ 41
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+ 00:04:25,210 --> 00:04:29,670
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+ ุทูŠุจ ุทูŠุจ today as we said we gonna talk about
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+
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+ 42
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+ 00:04:29,670 --> 00:04:37,450
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+ polymers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด polymers ุงู„ุขู†
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+
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+ 43
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+ 00:04:37,450 --> 00:04:43,490
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+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ polymers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ plastic
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+
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+ 44
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+ 00:04:43,490 --> 00:04:49,530
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+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุดูˆูƒ ูˆ ุฒูŠ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุฃุณุงู…ูŠ ุนุฏุฉ ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
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+
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+ 45
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+ 00:04:49,530 --> 00:04:54,610
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+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุทูŠูƒูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…
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+
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+ 46
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+ 00:04:54,610 --> 00:04:59,910
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+ polymers ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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+
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+ 47
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+ 00:04:59,910 --> 00:05:05,210
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+ ู‡ูŠ poly ุฃูŠุด ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ Umar ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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+
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+ 48
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+ 00:05:05,210 --> 00:05:09,710
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+ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
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+
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+ 49
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+ 00:05:09,710 --> 00:05:12,750
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+ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฎุฏุชูˆุง ุจุงู„
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+
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+ 50
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+ 00:05:12,750 --> 00:05:19,010
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+ biochemistry ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุฎุฏุชูˆุง ุจู‡ุง .. ุฃุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ุง
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+
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+ 51
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+ 00:05:19,010 --> 00:05:24,390
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+ ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉุŸ ูƒูŠู ูƒุงู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ structure ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช
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+
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+ 52
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+ 00:05:24,390 --> 00:05:29,990
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+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ moleculesุŸ ูƒูŠู ูƒุงู†ุŸ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ
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+
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+ 53
210
+ 00:05:29,990 --> 00:05:35,430
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+ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ุงุชู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ูุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุฏุงุฆู†
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+
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+ 54
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+ 00:05:35,430 --> 00:05:41,810
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+ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
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+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:41,810 --> 00:05:45,470
219
+ what
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:45,470 --> 00:05:49,090
223
+ we gonna talk about today is natural and synthetic
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:49,090 --> 00:05:53,950
227
+ polymers thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:53,950 --> 00:05:58,350
231
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ natural ูˆ ุงู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:58,350 --> 00:06:03,820
235
+ synthetic ุฅูŠุด naturalุŸ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ SyntheticุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุนูƒุณ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:03,820 --> 00:06:11,560
239
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู…ุตู†ุนุŒ Thermoplastic ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ plastic
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:11,560 --> 00:06:15,400
243
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ูˆ Thermosetting plastic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ plastic
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:15,400 --> 00:06:22,880
247
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ plastic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุตู†ุน
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:22,880 --> 00:06:28,860
251
+ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุง natural and synthetic polymers ุงู„ูˆูŠุจ ุจูŠุฌ ุชุญุช
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:28,860 --> 00:06:31,540
255
+ ู…ู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูˆูŠุจ ุตูุญุฉ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:31,540 --> 00:06:34,860
259
+ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:34,860 --> 00:06:35,220
263
+ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:35,220 --> 00:06:35,300
267
+ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:35,300 --> 00:06:36,780
271
+ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:36,780 --> 00:06:38,020
275
+ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:38,020 --> 00:06:38,640
279
+ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:38,640 --> 00:06:43,940
283
+ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:43,940 --> 00:06:47,160
287
+ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:53,060 --> 00:06:57,360
291
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงู…ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุฏูŠุดุŸ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:03,100
295
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููƒุฑุช ุฃู†ู‡ Miss Spelt ู„ุฃู† ุญุฌู…
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:03,100 --> 00:07:07,720
299
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชููƒุฑูŠู‡ุง ู…ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุจุจุนุถ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุบู„ุท it's
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:07,720 --> 00:07:10,940
303
+ not surprising that polymers are usually called by
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:10,940 --> 00:07:14,480
307
+ their more common names ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ plastic ู‡ุฐุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:14,480 --> 00:07:18,780
311
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ูˆุด ุฅู„ุง ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู…ูˆุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:18,780 --> 00:07:20,360
315
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู…ูˆุณ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:22,830 --> 00:07:27,730
319
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ุซู„ู‡ุง poly
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:27,730 --> 00:07:34,810
323
+ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุŒ tetra ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ floraุŒ flora ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ fluorideุŒ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:34,810 --> 00:07:38,730
327
+ ethyleneุŒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ ethyleneุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:38,730 --> 00:07:42,510
331
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:42,510 --> 00:07:46,850
335
+ ู…ุง ุญุฏุด ุจูŠุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุนุฑู ุฃู†ุช ุนู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:46,850 --> 00:07:51,670
339
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠ ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ plastic ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุนุฑูู‡
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:51,670 --> 00:07:57,030
343
+ ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฅูŠุด plastic but what
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:57,030 --> 00:08:02,350
347
+ exactly is a polymer or a plastic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:02,910 --> 00:08:07,410
351
+ Polymers are compounds made up of several elements
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:07,410 --> 00:08:13,310
355
+ that are chemically bound ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:13,310 --> 00:08:19,330
359
+ ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงุชุญุฏูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุง ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ููŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:19,330 --> 00:08:23,150
363
+ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏุงุช ุจุชุญุตู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:23,150 --> 00:08:30,050
367
+ ูˆุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ุขู† most compounds consist of large number
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:30,050 --> 00:08:34,890
371
+ of tiny molecules ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุนุธู…
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:34,890 --> 00:08:43,170
375
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:43,170 --> 00:08:49,550
379
+ tiny ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ tiny ุนู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง tiny toy
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:49,550 --> 00:08:55,100
383
+ ู„ุนุจุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ small small ุตุบูŠุฑ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:55,100 --> 00:09:06,600
387
+ tiny ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุฒูŠ ูƒุฐุง which
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:06,600 --> 00:09:11,140
391
+ it contains just a few atoms ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:11,140 --> 00:09:17,940
395
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐุฑุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุดุงูŠูุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ a few ุจุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ tiny
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:17,940 --> 00:09:25,380
399
+ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู…ุงุก H2O ุชุญุชูˆูŠ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:25,380 --> 00:09:28,740
403
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐุฑุชูŠู† ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:28,740 --> 00:09:31,060
407
+ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:31,060 --> 00:09:35,100
411
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:35,100 --> 00:09:36,780
415
+ ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:36,780 --> 00:09:38,640
419
+ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:39,880
423
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:39,880 --> 00:09:45,620
427
+ ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆ ุชู… ุทูŠุจ but the
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:45,620 --> 00:09:49,260
431
+ molecules of polymers contain a huge number of
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:49,260 --> 00:09:53,180
435
+ atoms joined together in a long chain ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:53,180 --> 00:09:57,240
439
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ water ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุซู„ุงุซ ุฐุฑุงุช
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:57,240 --> 00:10:01,980
443
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ polymers ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ atoms number of
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:01,980 --> 00:10:06,160
447
+ atoms is huge ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:06,160 --> 00:10:12,960
451
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฌุฒุก ุดูˆููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู„ูˆู†
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:12,960 --> 00:10:16,820
455
+ ุจุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุดูƒูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ elements
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:16,820 --> 00:10:22,680
459
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ rubber ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ rubber
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:22,680 --> 00:10:27,540
463
+ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุท
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:27,540 --> 00:10:35,180
467
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒู…ุงู† ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:35,180 --> 00:10:40,350
471
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ููŠ ุดุฌุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:40,350 --> 00:10:45,550
475
+ ุงู„ุตู…ุบ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุทุงุท ู‡ูˆ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:45,550 --> 00:10:50,550
479
+ ุดุฌุฑ ุงู„ุตู…ุบ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูุงู„ุตู…ุบ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจูŠุตู†ุน ู…ู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:50,550 --> 00:10:55,610
483
+ ู…ุง ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ rubber thanks to its many uses from
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:55,610 --> 00:10:59,730
487
+ rubber bands to car tires is one of the best known
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:59,730 --> 00:11:06,280
491
+ polymers ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุท
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:06,280 --> 00:11:08,840
495
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุท ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุฃูˆ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:14,540
499
+ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุทุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ูƒุซูŠุฑ it comes
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:14,540 --> 00:11:20,400
503
+ from latex ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ latex ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:20,400 --> 00:11:29,740
507
+ ุงู„ุตู…ุบ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุฃูŠูˆุฉ latex ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ latex ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงุณู…
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:29,740 --> 00:11:36,040
511
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ู…ูŠ ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ู€ plastic ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ู…ุทุงุท ุญุชู‰
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:36,040 --> 00:11:41,080
515
+ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ gloves ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ุงูŠุด
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:41,080 --> 00:11:48,820
519
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…ุŸ latex ุนุดุงู† .. ุนุดุงู† .. ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:48,820 --> 00:11:52,840
523
+ ูุงู„ุขู† a natural liquid which comes from rubber
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:52,840 --> 00:11:56,680
527
+ trees ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู€ latexุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตู…ุบ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:56,680 --> 00:12:05,530
531
+ natural liquid ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุดุฌุฑ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:05,530 --> 00:12:10,650
535
+ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุท ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ latex ูุฃู†ุช ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ rubber ูˆ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:10,650 --> 00:12:17,030
539
+ latex ูˆ polymer ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ููŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:17,030 --> 00:12:22,090
543
+ ุงู„ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ rubbers
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:22,090 --> 00:12:26,310
547
+ is therefore a natural polymer ุดุงูŠู ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:26,310 --> 00:12:32,240
551
+ ุงู„ู€ rubber ุงู„ู…ุทุงุท ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ polymer ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:32,240 --> 00:12:39,320
555
+ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ polymer ู„ุฏุงุฆู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ however most of
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:43,860
559
+ the polymers used in industry are not natural but
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:43,860 --> 00:12:49,200
563
+ synthetic ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุทุงุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ู…ุตู†ุน ู…ุด
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:49,200 --> 00:12:56,270
567
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู€ petrol The term plastic
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:56,270 --> 00:12:59,470
571
+ is generally used to refer to synthetic polymers
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:59,470 --> 00:13:04,750
575
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุด ุงู„ู€
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:04,750 --> 00:13:09,790
579
+ natural polymer or ุงู„ู€ latex ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:09,790 --> 00:13:12,750
583
+ synthetic polymers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน and other
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:12,750 --> 00:13:17,730
587
+ words those that are man-made ุงู„ู€ man-made ูŠุนู†ูŠ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:17,730 --> 00:13:24,490
591
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ synthetic ูˆ ุงู„ู€ man .. ุงู„ู€ man made
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:24,490 --> 00:13:31,630
595
+ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู‡ู… ู…ุตู†ุน ุฃูˆ ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู„ู‚ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:31,630 --> 00:13:35,430
599
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู‡ู†ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู†ุฃูƒุฏ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:35,430 --> 00:13:41,070
603
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ plastic ูˆ ุงู„ู€ molecules ูˆ ุงู„ู€ atoms ูˆ ุงู„ู€
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:41,070 --> 00:13:46,890
607
+ ุงูŠุด ูˆ ุงู„ู€ chains ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู€ chains ุงู„ุณู„ุงุณู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:46,890 --> 00:13:51,090
611
+ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุฑุฏุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† atoms
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:51,090 --> 00:13:56,650
615
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ plastic ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† polymer ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:56,650 --> 00:14:01,270
619
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„ู€ rubber ูˆ ุงู„ู€ latex ู‡ุฐุง natural
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:01,270 --> 00:14:05,790
623
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ natural polymers ูˆ ุงู„ู€ synthetic polymers
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:05,790 --> 00:14:13,250
627
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ man-made polymers ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุซุงู†ูŠูŠู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:13,250 --> 00:14:17,810
631
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุตุฉ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:17,810 --> 00:14:23,530
635
+ polymers ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ polymers ู†ูˆุนูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:23,530 --> 00:14:27,550
639
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:28,350 --> 00:14:33,950
643
+ ู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง two main category thermoplastic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:33,950 --> 00:14:39,150
647
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ can be melted by heat and formed
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:39,150 --> 00:14:43,570
651
+ in shape containers called molds ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:43,570 --> 00:14:48,650
655
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุณูŠุญ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงูŠุด
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:48,650 --> 00:14:54,390
659
+ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ู„ู†ุดูƒู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:54,390 --> 00:14:58,730
663
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด molds ุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:58,730 --> 00:15:03,950
667
+ ุจู†ุญุท ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ plastic ุงู„ุณุงุฆุญ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:03,950 --> 00:15:10,370
671
+ containers ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู€ molds ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู„ู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:11,970 --> 00:15:16,210
675
+ after the liquid plastic has cooled it sits to
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:16,210 --> 00:15:20,250
679
+ form a solid material ุงู„ุขู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุฑุฏ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:20,250 --> 00:15:24,670
683
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ูŠุจุฑุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠู‡ุง it sits to form ุงูŠุด
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:24,670 --> 00:15:33,410
687
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุดูƒู„ solid material ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุตู„ุจุฉ a thermoplastic
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:33,410 --> 00:15:37,170
691
+ is a type of plastic that can be heated and molded
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:37,170 --> 00:15:41,950
695
+ numerous times ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู€
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:41,950 --> 00:15:47,790
699
+ thermoplastic ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุณูŠุญู‡ I can be heated
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:47,790 --> 00:15:55,450
703
+ and molded ู†ุณูŠุญู‡ ูˆู†ุดูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:55,450 --> 00:16:01,430
707
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ูุน ูŠู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฏูˆูŠุฑ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:01,430 --> 00:16:07,750
711
+ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฏูˆูŠุฑุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู€ thermoplastic Examples of
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:07,750 --> 00:16:11,150
715
+ thermoplastic that are common in engineering
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:11,150 --> 00:16:18,030
719
+ include ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ ABC ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ABC
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:18,030 --> 00:16:27,850
723
+ ุฃูƒุฑูŠู„ูŠูƒ ุฃูƒุฑูŠู„ูŠูƒ ุฃูƒุฑูŠู„ูŠูƒ low low ู†ูŠุชุฑุงู„ ุจูˆุชุงุฏูŠู† ุณุชูŠุฑูŠู†
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:29,620 --> 00:16:36,060
727
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ plastic ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:36,060 --> 00:16:45,860
731
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ABC ABS ABS Stiff and light ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆุชู‡ุŸ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:45,860 --> 00:16:55,730
735
+ Stiff ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุนุจ ุฃู† ุชุชู…ูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ light ุฎููŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:55,730 --> 00:17:01,370
739
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู„ุงุจุฉ ูˆุฎููŠู use in vehicle body work ู‡ุฐุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:01,370 --> 00:17:06,610
743
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:06,610 --> 00:17:10,750
747
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุญุฏูŠุฏ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:10,750 --> 00:17:17,020
751
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ุด ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:17,020 --> 00:17:21,400
755
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ABS ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชุจุน
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:21,400 --> 00:17:27,260
759
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฎููŠูุฉ ูˆู…ุด ุจุชุฃุฐูŠ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:27,260 --> 00:17:30,560
763
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ tuk-tuk ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุชุจู‚ู‰
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:30,560 --> 00:17:35,460
767
+ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ุงู„ุดุญู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุชุจู‚ู‰ .. ุจุณ ุงู„ุนูŠุจ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุซู‚ูŠู„ุฉ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:35,460 --> 00:17:41,080
771
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ุด ู…ูˆูุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูู„ู…ุง ู†ุฎูู ุงู„ูˆุฒู†
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:41,080 --> 00:17:46,480
775
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ูˆูุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฏุงุก ุฃูุถู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:53,760
779
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุชุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ู€
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:53,760 --> 00:17:58,560
783
+ ุจุงู„ูŠ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุช used to make strong transparent
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:58,560 --> 00:18:05,200
787
+ panels and vehicle lights ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:09,740
791
+ ููŠ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุดูุงูุฉ ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ .. ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠ ..
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:09,740 --> 00:18:13,760
795
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุบุทูŠ ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:18:13,760 --> 00:18:19,410
799
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:19,410 --> 00:18:24,130
803
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูุงูุฉ ูุจุชู†ุจุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:18:24,130 --> 00:18:29,850
807
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุดูุงูุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:29,850 --> 00:18:35,290
811
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู†ุจุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ PVC ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:18:35,290 --> 00:18:41,330
815
+ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุงุŸ ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŸ ูƒู„ู‡ุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:18:41,330 --> 00:18:49,310
819
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ูŠูุง ููŠู†ู„ูŠ ูƒู„ูˆุฑุงูŠุฏ a
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:49,310 --> 00:18:53,650
823
+ cheaper plastic used for window frames and pipes
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:57,360 --> 00:19:01,660
827
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ุณูƒู† ูƒู„ู‡ูŠุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ูŠุชู‡ุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:19:01,660 --> 00:19:07,720
831
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุจูƒุชุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง PVC ูุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ ABS ุงู„ู€
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:13,500
835
+ polycarbonate ูˆ ุงู„ู€ PVC ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:19:13,500 --> 00:19:17,340
839
+ ู‡ุฐู‡
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:19:17,340 --> 00:19:22,940
843
+ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ุดูุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:19:22,940 --> 00:19:29,260
847
+ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุณูŠุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:19:29,260 --> 00:19:31,880
851
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:19:31,880 --> 00:19:37,100
855
+ thermoplastic ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ thermosetting plastic
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:19:37,100 --> 00:19:42,560
859
+ ุฃูˆ sometimes they call it thermostat thermostat
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:48,740
863
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุชุจุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูู‡ู… ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:48,740 --> 00:19:51,560
867
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุจุชุญุจ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงูŠุด
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:53,230 --> 00:19:58,610
871
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุด ุจุชุนุฑูู‡ุงุด ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุขู† thermosetting
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:58,610 --> 00:20:01,590
875
+ plastic can be heated and molded like
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:20:01,590 --> 00:20:05,830
879
+ thermoplastic ูุฃู†ุช ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุณุฎู†ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูŠุด ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุง
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:20:05,830 --> 00:20:12,130
883
+ ุฃูˆ ุชุดูƒู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ thermoplastic they may also be mixed
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:20:12,130 --> 00:20:16,710
887
+ from cold ingredients ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุงุฑุฏุฉ ุชุฎู„ุทูŠู‡ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:20:16,710 --> 00:20:20,690
891
+ however during cooling or mixing a chemical
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:20:20,690 --> 00:20:25,110
895
+ reaction occurs causing the thermosets to cure
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:20:25,110 --> 00:20:29,690
899
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:20:29,690 --> 00:20:35,290
903
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฎู„ุทู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ chemical
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:20:35,290 --> 00:20:38,810
907
+ reaction ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ chemical reaction ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:20:38,810 --> 00:20:43,470
911
+ ุงู„ู€ process irreversible ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชุฑุฌุนูŠู‡ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:43,470 --> 00:20:52,190
915
+ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุตุญุŸ ูุงู„ู€ thermosets ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู€ thermoplastic
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:52,190 --> 00:20:57,070
919
+ ูุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง during the cooling a chemical reaction
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:57,070 --> 00:21:02,930
923
+ occur causing the thermosets to cure ุงูŠุด cureุŸ ุทุจ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:21:02,930 --> 00:21:06,530
927
+ ุงูŠุด cure ุจุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉุŸ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:21:06,530 --> 00:21:13,370
931
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ cure .. ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูƒ ูŠุดูู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠุดุŸ a cure
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:21:13,370 --> 00:21:16,370
935
+ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ you take medicine to cure of your home a
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:21:16,370 --> 00:21:23,910
939
+ disease ุจุชุนุงู„ุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:21:23,910 --> 00:21:28,590
943
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ูˆุฎู„ุตู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฃุฎุฐุช
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:21:28,590 --> 00:21:36,230
947
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู†ูุนุด ุชุทู„ุนู‡ุง this mean
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:21:36,230 --> 00:21:40,470
951
+ ู‡ุงูŠ cure they sit permanently ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ู…ุŸ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:21:41,650 --> 00:21:47,350
955
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด .. ุจุชุตู„ ู„ู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:47,350 --> 00:21:52,710
959
+ .. ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู… and cannot be molded
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:52,710 --> 00:21:58,350
963
+ again ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุดูƒูŠู„ู‡ุง ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:58,350 --> 00:22:03,720
967
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู†ุนู…ู„ุช ููŠู‡ุง if a thermoset is heated after
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:22:03,720 --> 00:22:10,060
971
+ curing it will burn ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ..
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:22:10,060 --> 00:22:15,500
975
+ ุฃุณุฎู†ู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุญุฑู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:22:15,500 --> 00:22:20,180
979
+ ุงู„ุดู…ุน ุดูˆู ุงู„ุดู…ุน ู„ู…ุง ุชุณูˆูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:22:20,180 --> 00:22:28,470
983
+ ุชุณูŠุญูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุญุฑู‚ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ examples of
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:22:28,470 --> 00:22:34,890
987
+ thermosets used in engineering are epoxy resins
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:22:34,890 --> 00:22:40,610
991
+ used for strong adhesives ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ strong
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:22:40,610 --> 00:22:46,590
995
+ adhesivesุŸ epoxy ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ epoxy ู…ูŠู† ููŠูƒู…
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:46,590 --> 00:22:50,910
999
+ ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู…ุบ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุฑูˆู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงูŠุด ุตู…ุบ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:50,910 --> 00:22:58,690
1003
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุฑุŸ ุฃู‡ ุฃูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุฅุฒูŠูƒุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุณูˆูŠูู‡ุŸ ุทูŠุจ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:58,690 --> 00:23:05,570
1007
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุณูˆูŠู ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนูŠุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:23:05,570 --> 00:23:12,610
1011
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„thermosets ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„adhesive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:23:12,610 --> 00:23:16,350
1015
+ ุงู„ุตู…ุบ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุตู…ุบ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:23:16,350 --> 00:23:16,550
1019
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:23:16,550 --> 00:23:16,750
1023
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:23:16,750 --> 00:23:17,610
1027
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:23:17,610 --> 00:23:18,150
1031
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:23:18,150 --> 00:23:18,310
1035
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:18,310 --> 00:23:18,350
1039
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:18,350 --> 00:23:18,530
1043
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:22,210 --> 00:23:29,770
1047
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ polyimides
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:29,770 --> 00:23:34,090
1051
+ strong and flexible used as insulators in some
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:34,090 --> 00:23:38,310
1055
+ electrical cables ุงู„ุขู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒูˆุงุจู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:38,310 --> 00:23:44,030
1059
+ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุทู†ุฌุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณุฎู†ุฉ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:44,030 --> 00:23:49,690
1063
+ ู…ุญุทูˆุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตุญุŸ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ plastic ู…ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:49,690 --> 00:23:54,590
1067
+ ุงู„plastic ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุณุงุญุฉ ูˆู…ู„ุฒู‚ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุชูŠ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:54,590 --> 00:24:00,990
1071
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณูŠุญูŠู‡ุง ู…ุง ููŠุด ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ุชุญุฑู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุตุญุŸ ูุจุชุฎุฑุจ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:24:00,990 --> 00:24:08,070
1075
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุดุงุญู† ุชุจุน
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:24:08,070 --> 00:24:12,710
1079
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุชุจุน ุงู„laptop ูˆู„ุง ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:24:12,710 --> 00:24:17,900
1083
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู„ุฒู‚ุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:17,900 --> 00:24:22,160
1087
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชููƒูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:27,300
1091
+ polyimides ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:27,300 --> 00:24:31,040
1095
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ู‡
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:31,040 --> 00:24:37,140
1099
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ insulation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนุฒู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:37,140 --> 00:24:43,900
1103
+ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฅูŠุด
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:43,900 --> 00:24:48,350
1107
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุจุชูˆุง ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:48,350 --> 00:24:52,170
1111
+ ุงู„formula ู„ูƒูŠ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฒู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:52,170 --> 00:24:57,990
1115
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุจ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุงุฆู„ุฉ ู„ุฅู† ููŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:57,990 --> 00:25:02,730
1119
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูˆ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููƒู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุจูŠู‚ุตู‡ ูˆ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:25:02,730 --> 00:25:08,030
1123
+ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:25:08,030 --> 00:25:18,880
1127
+ ุฃู†ุช ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‡ ุฃู‡ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:25,540
1131
+ ุงู„ู‚ู‡ุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ epoxy resins
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:25,540 --> 00:25:29,800
1135
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง polyimides ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:29,800 --> 00:25:35,420
1139
+ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู„ุตู…ุบ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:35,420 --> 00:25:40,940
1143
+ ู„ู„ุนูˆุงุฒู„ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† two more categories for
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:40,940 --> 00:25:47,040
1147
+ polymers are engineering plastics and elastomers
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:47,620 --> 00:25:51,680
1151
+ engineering plastics ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ูˆุน ูˆููŠู‡ elastomers ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:51,680 --> 00:25:56,260
1155
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุงูŠ engineering plastics are mostly
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:56,260 --> 00:26:00,480
1159
+ thermoplastic that are especially strong such as
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:26:00,480 --> 00:26:07,260
1163
+ ABC, ABS and polycarbonate ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:26:07,260 --> 00:26:11,700
1167
+ engineering plastic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุนู‡ thermoplastic
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:26:11,700 --> 00:26:19,920
1171
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ู€ strong ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:26:19,920 --> 00:26:25,380
1175
+ ูˆุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ ABS ูˆ ุงู„ู€ polycarbonate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:26:25,380 --> 00:26:31,600
1179
+ ุทูŠุจ elastomers is very elastic polymers which can
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:34,800
1183
+ be stretched by force to at least twice their
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:41,100
1187
+ original length ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู…ุบูŠุท ู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ุบุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:26:41,100 --> 00:26:48,200
1191
+ elastic Elast Marine ุฃูˆ ู…ุบุท ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:48,200 --> 00:26:52,220
1195
+ plastic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู…ุบุท ู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฅุดูŠ twice its size ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:52,220 --> 00:26:57,120
1199
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ู†ูุณ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:57,120 --> 00:27:02,660
1203
+ ุงู„ู…ุบูŠุทุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชุณุญุจูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุชุฑุฌุน ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุจุทู„
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:27:02,660 --> 00:27:07,650
1207
+ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… it was their original link and then
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:27:07,650 --> 00:27:11,550
1211
+ can return to its original link when the force is
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:27:11,550 --> 00:27:17,890
1215
+ removed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุณุญุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุงุฉ ุชุฑุฌุนูŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:27:17,890 --> 00:27:22,890
1219
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุชุจุนู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ elastomers
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:27:22,890 --> 00:27:26,710
1223
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุบูŠุทุฉ ุงู„plastic ุงู„ู…ุบุทุฉ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:27:33,680 --> 00:27:39,940
1227
+ ู…ุง ุฃุนุฑูุด ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุฌุฑุจุช ุฅู†ุด .. ุดูุชู… ุจุณ ู…ุง ุฌุฑุจุชู… .. ุจุณ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:39,940 --> 00:27:42,780
1231
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ .. ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดุฏ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุญุทูŠ ..
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:42,780 --> 00:27:51,000
1235
+ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู„ exercises ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:54,460
1239
+ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฃูƒุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:54,460 --> 00:28:01,160
1243
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุŸ thermosets ูˆ thermoplastic molds ูˆ molded
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:28:01,160 --> 00:28:05,510
1247
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ moldุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ..
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:28:05,510 --> 00:28:10,830
1251
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ ABS ูˆ ุงู„ polycarbonate ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุฑูุชู‡ู…
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:28:10,830 --> 00:28:15,190
1255
+ ู„ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ ABS ู‡ุฏู‡ plastic used .. synthetic plastic
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:28:15,190 --> 00:28:20,970
1259
+ used for vehicle bodies ู‡ุฏู‡ strong ูˆ light weight
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:28:20,970 --> 00:28:24,650
1263
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ polycarbonate ู‡ุฏู‡ transparent
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:28:24,650 --> 00:28:31,080
1267
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ PVC ู‡ุฏู‡ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู€ ุงู„ pipe ุงู„ู€
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:28:31,080 --> 00:28:35,100
1271
+ thermosets ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:28:35,100 --> 00:28:42,220
1275
+ plastic ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ it get molded once ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุงู‡
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:28:42,220 --> 00:28:47,680
1279
+ ุจุฏูƒ if you want to reheat it it will burn ูŠุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุญุชู‰
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:28:47,680 --> 00:28:53,400
1283
+ ุชู†ุญุฑุฌ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ cure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ she sit permanently
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:53,400 --> 00:28:55,420
1287
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:58,380 --> 00:29:03,080
1291
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:29:03,080 --> 00:29:08,640
1295
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง adhesive ุงู„ polyimides ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:29:08,640 --> 00:29:15,560
1299
+ flexible ูˆุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู„ insulators ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ elastomers
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:19,560
1303
+ ูˆุงู„ engineering plastic ุงู„ engineering plastics
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:26,280
1307
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ thermoplastic
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:32,380
1311
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ elastomers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ูˆุน
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:29:32,380 --> 00:29:38,600
1315
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง it's elastic polymer ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:43,340
1319
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจู†ู‡ุงู†ุฉ circle the correct word to complete the
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:29:43,340 --> 00:29:48,380
1323
+ text a lot of rubber is made from latex ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:29:48,380 --> 00:29:54,050
1327
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ latexุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ man-made ูˆู„ุง naturalุŸ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:29:54,050 --> 00:29:59,910
1331
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ natural polymers which comes from rubber
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:59,910 --> 00:30:03,890
1335
+ trees however not all rubbers come from trees,
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:30:04,070 --> 00:30:09,510
1339
+ synthetic rubber is man-made ูƒู„ู…ุฉ synthetic ู…ุตู†ุนุฉ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:30:09,510 --> 00:30:15,400
1343
+ ูู‡ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุฎุงู†ุฉ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ man-made ุทูŠุจ polymers
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:30:15,400 --> 00:30:20,840
1347
+ with similar property to latex plastic also are
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:30:20,840 --> 00:30:24,840
1351
+ also polymers like rubber they consist of long
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:30:24,840 --> 00:30:30,880
1355
+ chains of ุฅูŠุดุŸ atoms long chain of atoms ุจุชูƒูˆู† ..
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:30:30,880 --> 00:30:36,900
1359
+ which form extremely large molecules ุทูŠุจ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:30:41,700 --> 00:30:45,300
1363
+ read the extract describing a plastic panel
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:30:45,300 --> 00:30:50,620
1367
+ manufacturing process ุจุณ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:30:50,620 --> 00:30:54,280
1371
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู…ุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:30:54,280 --> 00:30:58,500
1375
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง by this stage of the process ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:58,500 --> 00:31:05,280
1379
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน the plastic is solid ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:31:05,280 --> 00:31:13,780
1383
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุตู„ุจ ูˆ ุจุงุฑุฏ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:31:13,780 --> 00:31:18,440
1387
+ ูƒุงู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุญ ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุตู„ุจ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:31:18,440 --> 00:31:24,640
1391
+ ุฅู„ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุฑุฏ selected panels can now undergo
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:31:24,640 --> 00:31:30,040
1395
+ quality control testing ุงู„ุขู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:31:30,040 --> 00:31:33,200
1399
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน quality control ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ quality
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:31:33,200 --> 00:31:34,020
1403
+ controlุŸ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:31:38,360 --> 00:31:43,620
1407
+ ู„ุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุจุท ุงู„ุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุจุท ุงู„ุฌูˆุฏุฉุŸ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:31:43,620 --> 00:31:49,720
1411
+ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ูˆ ุจูŠูุญุตูˆู‡ู…ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุฃู…ูƒ ุชุณูˆูŠ ูƒูŠูƒุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:49,720 --> 00:31:55,460
1415
+ ูˆู„ุง ุชุณูˆูŠ ุฃูƒู„ุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูˆูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:55,460 --> 00:32:00,420
1419
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุฎุฏูˆุง ุฏูˆูƒู…ุŒ ู…ุตุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒู…
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:32:00,420 --> 00:32:08,630
1423
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุฎู„ุงุตุŒ ู…ุด ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ู†ุฑู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฏุฑ ูƒูˆูŠุณ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:08,630 --> 00:32:13,190
1427
+ ูููŠ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ quality control testing ูู‡ุฏ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:13,190 --> 00:32:18,610
1431
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุงุช ูˆ ุจูŠูุญุตูˆู‡ุง ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุดุงู ุตุจุช ุจุทูˆู†ุŸ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:32:18,610 --> 00:32:26,850
1435
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู„ูŠูุญุตูˆุง ุงู„ุจุทูˆู†ุŸ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ูƒุนุจุงุชุŒ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:32:26,850 --> 00:32:30,950
1439
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠูˆุฏูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุฒูŠ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูˆ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:32:30,950 --> 00:32:34,910
1443
+ ุจูŠูุญุตู‡ู… ู„ู„ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„plastic ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุช
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:34,910 --> 00:32:37,830
1447
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุจุณ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุด ููŠ ุงู„plastic ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:32:37,830 --> 00:32:41,610
1451
+ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจูŠูุญุต ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„plastic ู„ุฅู† ููŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:32:41,610 --> 00:32:45,860
1455
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุจุชุตู†ุน plastic ุจุชุตู†ุน ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:32:45,860 --> 00:32:50,100
1459
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุณูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ูƒูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ู… ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ูˆุงู„ุตู…ุฑ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:32:50,100 --> 00:32:54,260
1463
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู .. ูˆ ุจุชุตู†ุน ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:32:54,260 --> 00:32:57,480
1467
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุนุดุงู† ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดุชุฑูŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:32:57,480 --> 00:33:01,580
1471
+ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุจุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจูˆุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:01,580 --> 00:33:04,660
1475
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจูุญุตูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:33:04,660 --> 00:33:09,080
1479
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง ุฑุฃูŠ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:33:09,080 --> 00:33:13,460
1483
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ quality control ุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุตู†ุน ุจุฑุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:33:13,460 --> 00:33:17,800
1487
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ู‡ automatically ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุนุดุงู†
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:33:17,800 --> 00:33:22,380
1491
+ ุจูŠุจูŠุน ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตู†ุน ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตู†ุน ูˆ ุจูŠูุญุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:33:22,380 --> 00:33:26,660
1495
+ ู‡ูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุญุจูŠู‡ุง ู…ุด ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:33:26,660 --> 00:33:31,990
1499
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุญุงุด ุจุฑุฌุนู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนูŠุฏ ุชุฏูˆูŠุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:33:31,990 --> 00:33:36,070
1503
+ ุจู†ู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡ quality control testing to check **if** they
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:33:36,070 --> 00:33:39,410
1507
+ are strong enough to cope with tough conditions
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:33:39,410 --> 00:33:47,870
1511
+ strong enough ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌูˆูŠ ูƒุงููŠ to cope ุฅูŠุด cope
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:33:47,870 --> 00:33:59,500
1515
+ ู„ุง cube ู…ูƒุนุจ cope ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุชุฃู‚ู„ู… with tough
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:33:59,500 --> 00:34:03,660
1519
+ conditions ุงูŠุด tough conditionsุŸ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุตุนุจุฉ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:34:03,660 --> 00:34:08,120
1523
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ can you cope with
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:34:08,120 --> 00:34:12,300
1527
+ this situation ุฃูˆ ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒูŠ ุธุฑูˆู ุตุนุจุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ุง ุณู…ุญ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:34:12,300 --> 00:34:16,460
1531
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆูุงุฉ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถ can they cope with this ..
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:34:16,460 --> 00:34:20,640
1535
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ู…ู†ุญ ุฏุฑุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:34:20,640 --> 00:34:24,750
1539
+ ุจูุญุตูˆู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุจุชู†ุณุฃู„ ุจูŠุฌูŠู‡ุง can ุงู„ candidate
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:34:24,750 --> 00:34:28,190
1543
+ cope with different environment ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:34:28,190 --> 00:34:32,910
1547
+ culture different culture ุทู‚ุงูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:34:32,910 --> 00:34:37,790
1551
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููƒู„ู…ุฉ cope
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:34:37,790 --> 00:34:46,070
1555
+ ูŠุชุฃู‚ู„ู… ูƒูˆูŠุณ they will be exposed that they will be
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:34:46,070 --> 00:34:51,210
1559
+ exposed in news ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุตุนุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุจุชุนุฑุถูˆุง
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:34:51,210 --> 00:34:56,490
1563
+ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… exposed ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ุฅู„ู‰ in use ููŠ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:34:56,490 --> 00:35:01,390
1567
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… tests include tensile testing ุงูŠุด
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:35:01,390 --> 00:35:05,770
1571
+ tensile testing ู‡ุงูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ where narrow length
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:35:05,770 --> 00:35:11,050
1575
+ of panels are subjected to high tension loads to
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:35:11,050 --> 00:35:16,370
1579
+ check if they do not stretch or fracture ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:35:16,370 --> 00:35:21,170
1583
+ tension ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุถุบุท ูู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุถุบุท ุนุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:35:21,170 --> 00:35:30,150
1587
+ ูˆุดูˆููˆุง ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ stretch ุจุชู…ุบุท ุฃูˆ fracture ุงูŠุด ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:35:30,150 --> 00:35:37,510
1591
+ ุงู„ fracture .. ุงู„ fracture ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ูƒุณุงุฑ stretch ุชู…ุบุท
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:35:37,510 --> 00:35:42,910
1595
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุบุท ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:35:42,910 --> 00:35:44,570
1599
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุดูƒุงู„ุฉ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:35:56,020 --> 00:35:59,660
1603
+ more tests are carried out to check the panels
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:35:59,660 --> 00:36:05,760
1607
+ resistance to impact and scratching ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ูุญูˆุตุงุช
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:08,380
1611
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:36:08,380 --> 00:36:14,980
1615
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ูุญุตูˆู‡ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจูุญุตูˆู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุตุฏู… ููŠ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:36:14,980 --> 00:36:18,880
1619
+ ุญูŠุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชุตุฏู… ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ impact
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:36:18,880 --> 00:36:22,820
1623
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ driverุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจูŠุฌูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณูˆุงู‚ุŒ ู‡ู„
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:36:22,820 --> 00:36:26,540
1627
+ ุงู„ุณูˆุงู‚ ุจุชุนุฑุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจ .. ุจุณุฑุนุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:36:26,540 --> 00:36:29,460
1631
+ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุถุฑุจู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุŒ ุจุดูˆููˆุง
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:36:29,460 --> 00:36:34,060
1635
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ..
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:36:34,440 --> 00:36:39,520
1639
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชุชุทุนุดุŒ ุจุชุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง ..ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:45,020
1643
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ูˆ ุจุชุชุทุจู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:36:45,020 --> 00:36:50,160
1647
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทูˆู‡ู… ู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉุŒ for safety reason
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:36:51,050 --> 00:36:55,530
1651
+ ูุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ impact crash
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:36:55,530 --> 00:37:01,190
1655
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ high impact crash ู„ุฃู† ุถุฑุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:37:01,190 --> 00:37:04,970
1659
+ ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ impact ุชุตุงุฏู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ูุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:37:04,970 --> 00:37:08,510
1663
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุถุฑุจู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ impact
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:37:08,510 --> 00:37:12,570
1667
+ resistance to impact ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุถุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:37:12,570 --> 00:37:17,230
1671
+ scratching ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฎุฏุด
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:37:19,070 --> 00:37:24,590
1675
+ ุงู„ุฎุฏุด ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุจุชุดูˆู ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู‡ ุงู‡ ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุถุจุท
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:37:24,590 --> 00:37:28,950
1679
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆู„ุงุช ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุฌุฑุจูˆุง
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:37:28,950 --> 00:37:32,650
1683
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชุดูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชูุฑุฌ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:37:32,650 --> 00:37:36,710
1687
+ ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:37:36,710 --> 00:37:40,070
1691
+ ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ safety ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงูŠุด
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:37:40,070 --> 00:37:43,250
1695
+ ุจุชูุฑุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุณุฌู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู‚ุฏุงุด ุณุฌู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:37:44,970 --> 00:37:48,050
1699
+ ูุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุฃูŠ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:37:48,050 --> 00:37:53,630
1703
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑุฉ ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูƒู„
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:37:53,630 --> 00:37:57,350
1707
+ ุดูŠุก ุจุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู†ุช ุฏุงูุน ูู„ูˆุณูƒ ุฏุงูุน ุจุฏูƒ ุฃูุถู„ ุดูŠุก
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:37:57,350 --> 00:38:03,730
1711
+ ู„ู„ูู„ูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏูุนูŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ and product that fail the
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:38:03,730 --> 00:38:06,210
1715
+ test are returned to the beginning of the
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:38:06,210 --> 00:38:10,510
1719
+ production process ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุดู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:38:10,510 --> 00:38:16,940
1723
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ุจูŠุฑุฌุนูˆู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ melted down
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:38:16,940 --> 00:38:20,780
1727
+ and their material is reused ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:38:20,780 --> 00:38:26,320
1731
+ recycling ุจูŠุณูŠุญูˆู‡ุง ูˆุจูŠุนูŠุฏูˆุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:38:26,320 --> 00:38:32,020
1735
+ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:38:32,020 --> 00:38:36,360
1739
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุตุญ ูˆุงูŠุด ุงู„ุบู„ุท ู‡ู†ุง decide whether the
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:38:36,360 --> 00:38:39,320
1743
+ sentences below are true or false and correct the
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:38:39,320 --> 00:38:43,820
1747
+ false sentences the plastic was heated earlier in
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:38:43,820 --> 00:38:47,040
1751
+ the process ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ plastic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:38:47,040 --> 00:38:52,960
1755
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† solid ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูˆ cooled ูู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงุชุณูŠุญ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:38:52,960 --> 00:38:59,280
1759
+ ู‚ุจู„ the plastic has now set ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:59,280 --> 00:39:05,540
1763
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ู‚ ู true the plastic is now liquid false ุงูŠุด
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:39:05,540 --> 00:39:11,480
1767
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† solid to pass one test the plastic must be
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:39:11,480 --> 00:39:15,840
1771
+ an elastomer
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:39:15,840 --> 00:39:24,860
1775
+ ู„ุฃ false ุตุญ ุงูŠุด elastomerุŸ ุชู…ุฏุฏ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุจุญุซ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:39:24,860 --> 00:39:31,020
1779
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุชู…ุฏุฏุด ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง does
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:39:31,020 --> 00:39:36,030
1783
+ not stretch ู…ุธุจูˆุท does not break and does not
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:39:36,030 --> 00:39:43,190
1787
+ stretch ูู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ ุทูŠุจ the description suggest
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:39:43,190 --> 00:39:47,530
1791
+ the plastic is a type of engineering plastic true
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:39:47,530 --> 00:39:53,750
1795
+ ู‡ูˆ thermoplastic ู„ุฃู† ุงูŠุด ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุดู„ ุงูŠุด ุนู…ู„ู†ุง
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:39:53,750 --> 00:40:00,430
1799
+ ููŠู‡ ุนุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุฏูˆูŠุฑ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง go to reheated and reused
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:40:01,920 --> 00:40:08,200
1803
+ ุทูŠุจ the material is thermosetting plastic ู„ุณู‡
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:40:08,200 --> 00:40:13,680
1807
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุฌุงูˆุจู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ false ู‡ูˆ thermoplastic
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:40:13,680 --> 00:40:22,240
1811
+ the material is thermoplastic ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุฌุงุจูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:40:22,240 --> 00:40:24,800
1815
+ ู…ุงู„ ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:40:41,740 --> 00:40:45,820
1819
+ ุทูŠุจ complete the word ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง puzzle ุทู„ุน
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:40:45,820 --> 00:40:50,020
1823
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ puzzle ู‡ุงูŠูˆ ุฌุงูŠูŠู†ู†ุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:40:50,020 --> 00:40:53,740
1827
+ ู†ุนุจูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณ ุงู„ุงุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ puzzle ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณูˆูŠ ูˆุงู†ุชูˆุง
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:40:53,740 --> 00:40:58,970
1831
+ ูƒู„ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุงุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู„ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:40:58,970 --> 00:41:03,630
1835
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงุตู„ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู…ุนุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชุนุจูŠ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:41:03,630 --> 00:41:07,450
1839
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู‚ุจู„ู‡ ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ู„ุณุงุชู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ beginners
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:41:07,450 --> 00:41:11,730
1843
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุดุงุทุฑูŠู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุจูŠู‡ุง a shorter
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:41:11,730 --> 00:41:20,330
1847
+ name for polyvinyl chloride ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ PVC PVC
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:41:20,330 --> 00:41:22,230
1851
+ PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:41:22,230 --> 00:41:25,980
1855
+ PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC ุจูŠู„ูˆ ู‚ุฏู†ุง ุดุงุดุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:41:25,980 --> 00:41:31,420
1859
+ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุงุฒุงูŠ ุทูŠุจ used for forming melted plastic ุงู„
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:41:31,420 --> 00:41:36,700
1863
+ mold ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุจู†ุดูƒู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ู‡ูŠ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:41:36,700 --> 00:41:40,680
1867
+ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ mold ุจู†ุดูƒู„ ููŠู‡
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:41:40,680 --> 00:41:45,000
1871
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู„ู„ plastic a group of atoms
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:52,580
1875
+ molecules a long chain of atoms polymer ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:41:52,580 --> 00:41:58,560
1879
+ polymer ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† a chain ุฃูˆ a huge chain
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:41:58,560 --> 00:42:03,760
1883
+ of atoms ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ group of atoms ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ molecules
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:42:03,760 --> 00:42:08,380
1887
+ to sit permanently ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุฑ ู…ุด
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:42:08,380 --> 00:42:13,420
1891
+ ุญุงูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต a very elastic
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:42:13,420 --> 00:42:19,780
1895
+ polymer elastomer a plastic that sits permanently
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:42:22,270 --> 00:42:27,410
1899
+ thermosets ู…ุธุจูˆุท thermoset ุฃูˆ thermostat a natural
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:42:27,410 --> 00:42:31,730
1903
+ polymer ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ rubber ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:42:31,730 --> 00:42:40,870
1907
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงูŠุดุŸ rubber ูˆู„ุง latex rubber
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:42:40,870 --> 00:42:47,730
1911
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจ not natural ููŠ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:42:47,730 --> 00:42:50,990
1915
+ ุงู„ synthetic ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ man-made
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:42:53,620 --> 00:42:58,900
1919
+ particles that form molecules .. atoms another
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:42:58,900 --> 00:43:07,140
1923
+ word for not natural .. synthetic ุทูŠุจ material
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:43:07,140 --> 00:43:14,580
1927
+ used to make rubber .. latex ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠูƒ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:43:14,580 --> 00:43:15,080
1931
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒู…
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:43:17,650 --> 00:43:21,510
1935
+ ู…ุง ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŸ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒู…
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:43:21,510 --> 00:43:29,610
1939
+ ุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ plastic ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ู‚ู„ุชูˆุง ุฃูŠ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŸ
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:43:29,610 --> 00:43:30,970
1943
+ ุทูŠุจ ุจู†ุดูˆู ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,750 --> 00:00:27,370
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ุญูˆู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:27,370 --> 00:00:34,710
7
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:34,710 --> 00:00:36,590
11
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:36,590 --> 00:00:42,350
15
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:42,350 --> 00:00:46,030
19
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:46,030 --> 00:00:48,230
23
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:48,230 --> 00:00:48,270
27
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:48,270 --> 00:00:48,290
31
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:48,820 --> 00:00:53,220
35
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ concrete three
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:53,220 --> 00:00:57,780
39
+ elements of concrete ู†ุญู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง cement, sand,
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:58,140 --> 00:01:02,000
43
+ fine aggregate, coarse aggregate ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง gravel
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:06,960
47
+ ุฃูˆ .. or coarse aggregate ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ technical term
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:06,960 --> 00:01:15,300
51
+ coarse aggregate ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ gravel ุงู„ู„ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:15,300 --> 00:01:21,070
55
+ ู‡ูˆ ุญุตู‰ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ fine aggregate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:21,070 --> 00:01:25,610
59
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุตู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุนู…ุŒ ููŠ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:25,610 --> 00:01:30,630
63
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฑู…ู„ุŒ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:30,630 --> 00:01:35,290
67
+ ุงู„ุญุตู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทุญูˆู†ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠ .. ุงู‡ ุจุณ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:35,290 --> 00:01:39,110
71
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฑู…ุงู„ ุฒูŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:39,110 --> 00:01:44,010
75
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูŠุฌูˆุง ูŠุทุญู†ูˆุง ุงู„ุญุตู‰ ุฃูˆ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:44,010 --> 00:01:48,090
79
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุญุตู‰ ุจูŠุถู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุทุญูˆู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑู…ุงู„ ุฒูŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:48,090 --> 00:01:51,910
83
+ ุญุตู‰ ู…ุทุญูˆู† ูู‡ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… fine aggregate
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:51,910 --> 00:02:00,530
87
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุญุตู‰ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ concrete mix design
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:00,530 --> 00:02:04,250
91
+ cement is a key material in construction ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:04,250 --> 00:02:09,090
95
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู‡ ูˆุถุน ุฎุงุต ุจุฏูˆู† cement
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:09,090 --> 00:02:15,310
99
+ ูุด ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ูุด ุญูŠุงุฉ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠุชูˆู‚ู ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุด ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:15,310 --> 00:02:20,310
103
+ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ construction
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:20,310 --> 00:02:27,270
107
+ industrial ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ everyday aspect of life it
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:27,270 --> 00:02:33,410
111
+ consists of very fine powder ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุญูˆู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:33,410 --> 00:02:37,890
115
+ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ู†ุงุนู… when water is added to cement a
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:37,890 --> 00:02:42,230
119
+ chemical reaction occurs and the cement begins to
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:42,230 --> 00:02:46,730
123
+ sets ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุท ุงู„ู…ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cement ุฅูŠุด
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:46,730 --> 00:02:51,790
127
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ cement ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฌู…ุฏ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:52,660 --> 00:02:57,180
131
+ ูŠุฌู…ุฏ set ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง it start to become
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:57,180 --> 00:03:04,960
135
+ solid ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฌู…ุฏ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:04,960 --> 00:03:10,240
139
+ ุญุงุทูŠุชู‡ ู…ูŠู‡ ุน ุณู…ู†ุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฑ ุจุณ ูŠู†ุดู
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:13,340
143
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ reaction ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:13,340 --> 00:03:14,800
147
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠู†ุดู
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:19,740 --> 00:03:26,260
151
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุช ู„ู„ุณู…ู†ุช ู‡ูŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:26,260 --> 00:03:42,600
155
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุณู…ู†ุช ูˆุฑู…ู„ ูˆุญุตู‰
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:42,600 --> 00:03:49,740
159
+ ูˆู…ูŠุงู‡ after concrete has set ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุฌู…ุฏ it
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:49,740 --> 00:03:53,600
163
+ needs time to reach its structural strength ุงู„ู€
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:57,200
167
+ structural ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ strength ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:57,200 --> 00:04:02,420
171
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุดุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:02,420 --> 00:04:06,480
175
+ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู„ุชุตู„ ู„ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุดุงุฆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:12,200
179
+ ุตุจู‘ูŠุชู‡ุง ูˆู†ุดูุช ูˆููƒูŠุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ุชูˆู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:12,200 --> 00:04:17,710
183
+ ุทูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุฅูŠุดุŸุฃูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู€ strength
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:17,710 --> 00:04:21,110
187
+ needed to perform effectively, generally engineers
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:21,110 --> 00:04:25,030
191
+ consider that this strength is reached after 28
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:25,030 --> 00:04:33,190
195
+ days, a point called 28 day strength 28 ุฅู„ู‡ุงู† ุนุงุฏุฉ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:33,190 --> 00:04:39,470
199
+ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุณ ุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:39,470 --> 00:04:44,290
203
+ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ structure ุฎููŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:44,290 --> 00:04:59,590
207
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ุณู‚ู ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ุฏูŠ ูŠู‚ุนุฏ ูŠุง ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:59,590 --> 00:05:05,470
211
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุญุฏ ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ู…ู†
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:05,470 --> 00:05:10,810
215
+ ุนุดุฑ ุฃูŠุงู… ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ุฏู†ูŠุŒ ุจุณ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:10,810 --> 00:05:15,970
219
+ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุจุชุนู„ู… ุฒูŠูƒุŒ ูุฃู†ุช ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ุชูŠู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:15,970 --> 00:05:21,390
223
+ ุชุดู‚ู‚ุงุชุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง heavyุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:22,020 --> 00:05:28,840
227
+ Okay ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฏูˆู„ูŠุงู‹ 28 days ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ู€
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:28,840 --> 00:05:32,920
231
+ typical cement ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ cement ุฃุณุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุดูู‡
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:34,680
235
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:36,820 --> 00:05:40,040
239
+ concrete mix design concrete mix mix design which
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:40,040 --> 00:05:44,280
243
+ is specified by engineers state the proportions of
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:44,280 --> 00:05:47,620
247
+ cement fine aggregate and coarse aggregate to be
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:47,620 --> 00:05:51,360
251
+ used for specific structures ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑู ููŠ ู†ุณุจ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:51,360 --> 00:05:56,660
255
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุจุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุจุทูˆู†
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:56,660 --> 00:06:03,960
259
+ ูุงุทู„ู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ููŠู‡ ู‚ูˆุงุช ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 200
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:10,580
263
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุถุนูŠูุฉ .. ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุตุจุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูŠุจุฏูˆ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:10,580 --> 00:06:16,100
267
+ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุถุนูŠูุฉุŒ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ cement
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:16,100 --> 00:06:23,500
271
+ ููŠู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ุŒ ููŠ 250 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ู„ู„ .. ู…ุด ุงู„ุนู…ุฏุงู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:23,500 --> 00:06:28,100
275
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ู„ุตุจู‘ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:28,100 --> 00:06:32,800
279
+ ู„ู„ุนู…ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ุญุฒุงู…ุงุช ..
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:32,800 --> 00:06:37,320
283
+ ุงู„ุญุฒุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ู… 250 ููŠ 300 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:37,320 --> 00:06:41,680
287
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ุนู…ุฏุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:41,680 --> 00:06:45,700
291
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฒู‘ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ 300 ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู‚ูˆู‰
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:45,700 --> 00:06:51,650
295
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ 300 ู‚ูˆุชู‡ 300 ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุทูŽุจ ุงู„ุขู†
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:51,650 --> 00:06:57,470
299
+ for example one two four mix consists of one part
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:57,470 --> 00:07:01,370
303
+ cement two parts fine aggregate and four parts
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:01,370 --> 00:07:05,650
307
+ coarse aggregate ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:05,650 --> 00:07:12,090
311
+ ุจุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ strength level ู„ุงู„ concrete ูƒูˆูŠุณ for
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:12,090 --> 00:07:15,450
315
+ mixing precise quantity a quantity known as
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:15,450 --> 00:07:19,690
319
+ batching ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ batch ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฎู„ุทุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:21,300 --> 00:07:26,620
323
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุฌูŠู†ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุฒู…ุงู†
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:26,620 --> 00:07:30,620
327
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ุจู„ ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ุจุงุทูˆู† ุฅูŠุด ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุณูˆูˆุงุŸ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:30,620 --> 00:07:35,200
331
+ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุฎู„ุทูˆุง ูŠุฏูˆูŠุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุนุฏูˆุง ูƒุงู…
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:40,380
335
+ ุฌุฏุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุจูŠุนุฏูˆู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:40,380 --> 00:07:47,500
339
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุจู†ุณ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ู…ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:47,500 --> 00:07:51,460
343
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุฌุฑุจ ุจุญุงู„ูƒ ุจุชุนุฏู‘ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุดูˆููˆุง ูƒุฏู‡ุด
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:51,460 --> 00:07:58,320
347
+ ุชุฑูƒุฒ ููŠู‡ุง ู .. ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ batch ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุทุฉ ุฃูˆ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:58,320 --> 00:08:02,060
351
+ ุงู„ุนุฌูŠู†ุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง batching ูˆ proportions
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:02,060 --> 00:08:07,280
355
+ are measured by weight ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ measurement ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:07,280 --> 00:08:13,720
359
+ ุจุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุชุตูˆุฑูŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:13,720 --> 00:08:18,760
363
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุตู†ุน ุจุงุทูˆู† ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุจุงุทูˆู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุฏุฎู„ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:18,760 --> 00:08:24,180
367
+ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุช ุจุฏูŠ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุฑู…ู„ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:24,180 --> 00:08:28,460
371
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฒุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุชุด ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:28,460 --> 00:08:33,630
375
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุท ุณู…ู†ุช ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู„ู…ุตู†ุนุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฎุณุฑ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:33,630 --> 00:08:39,070
379
+ ู…ุตุงุฑูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุงุชุจุชุจุณูƒ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุญุท ุฑู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฒุจูˆู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:39,070 --> 00:08:42,850
383
+ ุจูŠุฒุนู„ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฒุจูˆู† ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฑุถู‰ ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุจุงุทูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฌูŠุงู„ูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:42,850 --> 00:08:48,450
387
+ ุถุนูŠู ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:48,450 --> 00:08:53,890
391
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒูŠู ุจูŠูˆุฒู†ูˆุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนูŠู‘ุฑุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุฏูŠู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:53,890 --> 00:08:58,370
395
+ .. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ cement ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุจุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:58,370 --> 00:08:59,290
399
+ shalow
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:02,350 --> 00:09:05,610
403
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุนุจูˆุง ุงู„ู€ cement ูุงู„ู€ cement ุจูŠุฌูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:05,610 --> 00:09:14,390
407
+ ู„ู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ูƒูŠุณ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุฒูŠ .. ูƒูˆุจ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:14,390 --> 00:09:19,490
411
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ุจูุชุญ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู†ุฏู‡
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:19,490 --> 00:09:25,650
415
+ ุฒูŠ ุดูŠุก ุจูุชุญ ุจูˆุงุจุฉ ุจุชูุชุญ ูˆ ุจุชุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู‡ู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุนุงูŠุฑ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:25,650 --> 00:09:31,610
419
+ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ุฃุชู…ุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนุงูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุชุทู„ุน
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:31,610 --> 00:09:35,970
423
+ ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุญุฌู… ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:35,970 --> 00:09:40,690
427
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุชุจุนู†ุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:40,690 --> 00:09:44,110
431
+ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู‡ู†ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฅูŠุด
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:44,110 --> 00:09:48,130
435
+ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู… ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุนู„ู… ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุฅูŠุด
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:48,130 --> 00:09:52,070
439
+ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุจู†ุธู… ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠุณ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ error
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:52,070 --> 00:09:56,330
443
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ูุชุญุช
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:56,330 --> 00:10:00,970
447
+ ู„ู‡ุงู„ู‚ุฏ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ู‡ุงู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒุงุดูŠ ุชูˆุฒู†
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:00,970 --> 00:10:04,910
451
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… ูˆ ุจุชูƒุงุดูŠ ุชูˆุฒู† ุฃู‚ู„ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูุชุญุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:04,910 --> 00:10:09,850
455
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูุชุญุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุธู… ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุตู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:09,850 --> 00:10:13,680
459
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:13,680 --> 00:10:18,240
463
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุชุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุฃุณู‡ู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:18,240 --> 00:10:24,300
467
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃู†ุฌูŠุฒู‡ุง ุฃุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏู‘ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:24,300 --> 00:10:27,700
471
+ proportion are measured by weight mix also
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:27,700 --> 00:10:32,360
475
+ specified the water cement ratio ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:32,360 --> 00:10:38,950
479
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠุฒูˆู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู„ู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆู„
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:38,950 --> 00:10:43,930
483
+ ุจูŠุญุจ ุงู„ุจุงุทูˆู† ูŠูุฌู‘ุนุดุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุฅูŠุด
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:43,930 --> 00:10:52,800
487
+ ุจูŠุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุจุงุทูˆู† ูŠูุฌู‘ุนุดุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุบู„
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:52,800 --> 00:10:58,760
491
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠุฑุชุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:58,760 --> 00:11:02,280
495
+ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ water cement ratio the amount of
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:06,060
499
+ water added relative to the amount of cement used
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:06,060 --> 00:11:10,560
503
+ excess water reduces the strength of concrete ูŠุนู†ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:10,560 --> 00:11:14,720
507
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจุชุชู†ู‚ู„ so the quantity of water is
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:19,590
511
+ kept to minimum ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุจุชุถู„ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:19,590 --> 00:11:24,250
515
+ ุจุชุถู„ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุดูŠุก ู„ุฅู† ู„ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชุญุทูˆุง ู…ูŠู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:24,250 --> 00:11:27,890
519
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:27,890 --> 00:11:32,290
523
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏุŒ ุจุชุทู„ุนุด ู…ูŠู‡ ุตุงููŠุŒ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุง ุญู‚ู‚ุด ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุช
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:32,290 --> 00:11:36,290
527
+ ูู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุช ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠุถู„ ุฌูˆุง ูˆูŠู† ุตุงุฑ ุทู„ุน ุจุฑุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:37,560 --> 00:11:45,420
531
+ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒุดุฌุฑุฉ ุชุฏุฑุณ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:45,420 --> 00:11:49,840
535
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠุฒุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:56,580 --> 00:12:01,100
539
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชุบู„ุจุŒ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:01,100 --> 00:12:06,120
543
+ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุจุณ ุจุชุชู‚ููˆุด ุงู„ู‡ู†ุชูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:10,960
547
+ ุจุนุดุด ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุชุนุดุด ุงู„ุจุทูˆู†ุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:10,960 --> 00:12:16,960
551
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ูุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุบุทูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ูุงุด
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:16,960 --> 00:12:21,100
555
+ ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจู„ู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุทูˆู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุณู…ู†ุช
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:21,100 --> 00:12:25,160
559
+ ูˆ ุจูŠู„ุฒู‚ ุญูˆุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุชู…ูŠู†ุณ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุตู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:25,160 --> 00:12:30,640
563
+ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑุฌุงุฌ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:30,640 --> 00:12:36,340
567
+ ุนุดุงู† ุจูŠุถู„ุด ูุฑุงุบุงุช ูุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:36,340 --> 00:12:40,100
571
+ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑุด ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฏู‡
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:40,100 --> 00:12:44,480
575
+ ูƒุงู† ุฌุงู…ุฏ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:44,480 --> 00:12:49,200
579
+ ุจุถูŠููˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ plasticizer ุงู„ plasticizer ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:49,200 --> 00:12:55,340
583
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุจุชุนู…ู„ .. ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† softer ุฃูƒุชุฑ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:55,340 --> 00:13:00,680
587
+ ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ูู‡ูˆ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุฏ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:00,680 --> 00:13:04,480
591
+ ู…ุนู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณุชูˆูŠ this helps the concrete to flow
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:04,480 --> 00:13:09,660
595
+ more easily ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ concrete ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:13,610 --> 00:13:21,530
599
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชุถูŠู ุณูŠูˆู„ุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุณ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:21,530 --> 00:13:26,250
603
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ ุดูˆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจุชุถูŠููŠู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:26,250 --> 00:13:31,510
607
+ ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ plasticizer ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:31,510 --> 00:13:36,310
611
+ ุฃูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูˆูŠู† ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:36,310 --> 00:13:40,980
615
+ ูŠู‚ุตุฑูˆุง ุฃูˆ ูŠุจู†ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุตุงุฑูˆุง ุฒู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุญุทูˆุง sheet
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:40,980 --> 00:13:46,620
619
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑูˆุง ูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ุบู„ู† ูˆูŠุญุทูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุณุงุฆู„ ุญุฏ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:46,620 --> 00:13:52,180
623
+ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุดุงูู‡ ุฒูŠ .. ุฒูŠ ุงู„ jelly ุฒูŠ ุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ jelly ุฒูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:52,180 --> 00:13:58,180
627
+ ุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ jelly ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู‡ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ููŠู‡
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:58,180 --> 00:14:03,680
631
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุดูุชูˆู‡ ูˆ ุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุฌู„ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุดุงูู‡
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:03,680 --> 00:14:10,780
635
+ ุจูŠุชููƒุฑ ุชู„ูƒ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุถุทุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุทุฉุŒ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:10,780 --> 00:14:16,740
639
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู† this helps the concrete to flow easily
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:16,740 --> 00:14:19,940
643
+ other adjectives can also be used for example
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:19,940 --> 00:14:27,220
647
+ retarderุŒ retarder ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ retarded peopleุŒ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:27,220 --> 00:14:30,300
651
+ retarder ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ slow
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:38,520
655
+ ููŠู‡ ุจุทู‚ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจุทู‚ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุจู†ุดูู‡
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:38,520 --> 00:14:43,120
659
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุจุชุจุทู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุดูŠู ุงู„ุจุทูˆู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:50,880
663
+ retarder retarder ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† retarded
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:50,880 --> 00:14:55,900
667
+ people ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชููƒูŠุฑู‡ู… ุจุทูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุทูŠู‚ูŠู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:55,900 --> 00:15:02,760
671
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุนุงุจ ููŠุด ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒู… ุฃู†ุง ูˆู„ุง ุชุฎุงููˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:02,760 --> 00:15:06,500
675
+ ุงู„ุจุทุฆูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุนุงุจ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ู…ูˆู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ู‚
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:06,500 --> 00:15:11,480
679
+ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงุณุชูŠุนุงุจ ุจุทูŠุก ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุญุชู‰ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:11,480 --> 00:15:15,780
683
+ ู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุณุชูˆุนุจ ุฃู† ุชุชุนู„ู…ู‡ู…
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:19,040 --> 00:15:23,180
687
+ ุงู„ุจุงุทูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุดูู‡ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุฎู„ูˆู‡ุด ูŠู†ุดูู‡
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:23,180 --> 00:15:26,620
691
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ ุจูŠุถูŠููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ retarder ู‡ุงูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:26,620 --> 00:15:32,640
695
+ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุจุทู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠุฏ ู…ุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:32,640 --> 00:15:37,160
699
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุตููŠ ุณุทุญ ูˆ ุชุณูˆูŠูƒู‡ู… ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:41,080
703
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู…ุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู… ุชุจุงุนู‡ู…
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:41,080 --> 00:15:45,220
707
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูุจุชุฎุงููˆุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:45,220 --> 00:15:48,380
711
+ ูŠู†ุดููˆุง ุจูŠุฎุฑุจ ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุถูŠููˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:48,380 --> 00:15:52,080
715
+ ูŠุณุชูˆุนุจู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† big construction
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:52,080 --> 00:15:55,700
719
+ ุงู„ big construction ุจุฏูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ููŠู‡
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:55,700 --> 00:15:59,980
723
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชู„ุญู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:59,980 --> 00:16:03,700
727
+ ูุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒูŠุด ุชุฎุณุฑู‡ ุฃูˆ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠู‡
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:07,630 --> 00:16:12,630
731
+ ุนุดุงู† ุชุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŸ ุงู‡ ุงูŠู‡ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:12,630 --> 00:16:16,350
735
+ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:16,350 --> 00:16:21,250
739
+ ุนู†ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ููŠ ุจุทูˆู† ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:21,250 --> 00:16:27,630
743
+ ูˆ ููŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:27,630 --> 00:16:30,630
747
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ุฏู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:30,630 --> 00:16:34,910
751
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุดุงู ุงู„ูุงุชูˆุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุช
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:34,910 --> 00:16:35,570
755
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:44,220
759
+ ุจุชุญุฏุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ู„ุฃู†
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:44,220 --> 00:16:51,620
763
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:51,620 --> 00:16:58,060
767
+ ูู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญุทูˆุท ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุตุชู‡ุง ุจุณ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:58,060 --> 00:16:59,080
771
+ ุฎู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุนู†ุง ุจู‚ู‰
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:02,100 --> 00:17:06,160
775
+ ุฃุฑุชุงุฑุฏุฑ may be added to delay sitting which gives
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:09,840
779
+ worker more time to pour or replace the concrete
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:09,840 --> 00:17:14,220
783
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ุฅุถุงููŠ ู„ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:14,220 --> 00:17:18,360
787
+ reinforced concrete ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญุฉ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:19,670 --> 00:17:26,210
791
+ reinforce concrete structures contain steel parts
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:26,210 --> 00:17:30,190
795
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:30,190 --> 00:17:36,570
799
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู… ุฌุจู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:36,570 --> 00:17:43,110
803
+ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุฌุจู„ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ูƒู…ุงุด ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:43,110 --> 00:17:49,650
807
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุธุจุทูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุทูˆุง Steel
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:49,650 --> 00:17:52,690
811
+ reinforcement is needed mainly because concrete is
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:52,690 --> 00:17:57,470
815
+ weak in tension ุชุญุช ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ concrete ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจุชุดุฌุฌ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:57,470 --> 00:18:04,510
819
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅุฐุง ุญุทูŠุชูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฏุนู… ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุตุจู‡ ู„ููˆู‚
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:04,510 --> 00:18:12,150
823
+ ูˆู…ุง ุญุทุด ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุด ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชุดุฌูƒ ูˆ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:12,150 --> 00:18:15,670
827
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุฌุนู„ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:27,470 --> 00:18:31,370
831
+ ุจุชุชูุชุช ูˆุจุชู‚ุน as steel is a strong intention
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:31,370 --> 00:18:35,310
835
+ reinforced power overcome these weaknesses ุจู†ุนุฑู
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:35,310 --> 00:18:42,110
839
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุฏ ูู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุธูŠูู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุนู…
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:42,110 --> 00:18:47,230
843
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ in order to form the different part of
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:47,230 --> 00:18:50,490
847
+ a structure a framework sometimes also called
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:50,490 --> 00:18:55,840
851
+ shattering is used ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู€
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:55,840 --> 00:18:59,160
855
+ Framework ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Shattering ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:03,480
859
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุฑู…ู‡ูˆุด ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุง ุตุญุŸ ุจูŠุฑุจุทูˆู‡
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:03,480 --> 00:19:07,160
863
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุฃุณุงูˆุฑ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงูˆุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:07,160 --> 00:19:11,380
867
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฑูุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงูˆุฑ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุจุทูˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดูƒุงู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:11,380 --> 00:19:17,660
871
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุญุณุจุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:17,660 --> 00:19:22,260
875
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุญู…ู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:22,260 --> 00:19:27,470
879
+ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง this consists of molds
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:27,470 --> 00:19:31,750
883
+ of the required size and shape made from steel or
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:31,750 --> 00:19:34,590
887
+ timber which are used to contain the concrete
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:34,590 --> 00:19:38,910
891
+ until it has cysts ุงู„ุขู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠุด
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:38,910 --> 00:19:42,970
895
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ุŸ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:42,970 --> 00:19:51,130
899
+ ุฃุตุจ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญุทู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ุงุด ุฃุตุจ ุนู„ู‰
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:51,130 --> 00:19:58,410
903
+ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุฅูŠุด ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุŸ ุจุญุท ูŠุง ุฎุดุจ ูŠุง ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุซู„ุง
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:58,410 --> 00:20:02,790
907
+ ุงู„ุดุจุงูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุจุญุทู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฏูŠ ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ูŠุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:20:02,790 --> 00:20:06,970
911
+ ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ู…ู† ุฎุดุจ ูŠุง ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ู…ู† ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:06,970 --> 00:20:11,510
915
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทู„ุน ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุญูุฉ ุดุงูŠูู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุทุท
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:11,510 --> 00:20:15,530
919
+ ุฃู†ุง ุญูุฉ ูุนู…ู„ decor ู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ decor ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:15,530 --> 00:20:20,440
923
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุบุฑูŠุจ ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุชุณุนูู†ูŠุด ุจูŠุญุท ุฅูŠุด
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:20:20,440 --> 00:20:25,480
927
+ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุฎุดุจ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฒูŠู†ูŠุช
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:30,480
931
+ ุณู…ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ูุฃู†ุช ุจุชุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุดูƒู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:30,480 --> 00:20:34,380
935
+ ุจุชุญุทูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุชุญุท ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:34,380 --> 00:20:39,400
939
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุดูุชูˆุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:39,400 --> 00:20:44,980
943
+ ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุฅูŠุด ุญุทูˆุง ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุบ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:44,980 --> 00:20:50,320
947
+ ุญุชู‰ ูู„ูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทูˆู‡ุง ุจุญูŠุซ ุนู…ู„ุช ุชุดูƒูŠู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ู„ู…ุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:50,320 --> 00:20:56,160
951
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุดูŠู„ ูˆุจุฏุนู…ู‡ุง ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:56,160 --> 00:21:00,480
955
+ ุจุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:04,020
959
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุบูŠุฑู†ุง ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:04,020 --> 00:21:09,440
963
+ ู…ุทูˆุฑุฉ ูˆููŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุฑุฌุน ูู‡ุฐู‡ .. ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู†
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:09,440 --> 00:21:13,860
967
+ ุงู„ molds ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:14,790 --> 00:21:22,310
971
+ ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ when wet concrete is cast or
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:22,310 --> 00:21:27,550
975
+ replaced in its final position it is called incito
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:27,550 --> 00:21:32,930
979
+ concrete ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ concrete ุงู„ู„ูŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:32,930 --> 00:21:41,550
983
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ wet ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ wetุŸ is cast
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:41,550 --> 00:21:47,230
987
+ ูˆุถุนุช in its final position is called in-site
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:47,230 --> 00:21:51,890
991
+ concrete ู„ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุชู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆ ุชุตู„ ู„ู„ู…ูˆู‚ู ุชู†ุตุจ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:51,890 --> 00:21:55,190
995
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง in-site concrete ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุณู…
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:55,190 --> 00:22:02,590
999
+ ุฃุญูุธูˆู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ concrete ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ู…ุง
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:02,590 --> 00:22:08,930
1003
+ ู†ูˆุตู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุฒูŠุนInstead of being cast in situ,
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:09,090 --> 00:22:12,830
1007
+ reinforced concrete elements can also be precast
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:12,830 --> 00:22:18,670
1011
+ ุงู„ู€ precast ู‡ุฐูŠ cast at ุงู„ factory ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ precast
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:18,670 --> 00:22:23,650
1015
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:23,650 --> 00:22:27,750
1019
+ precast concrete ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจูŠุชู… ุฎู„ุท ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:27,750 --> 00:22:36,420
1023
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ูุจุตู„ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุฌุงู‡ุฒูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ูุงุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:36,420 --> 00:22:40,800
1027
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:40,800 --> 00:22:45,460
1031
+ in situ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุนุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุนุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:45,460 --> 00:22:48,560
1035
+ ุงู„ู€ precast ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:51,350 --> 00:22:54,210
1039
+ ุทูŠุจ then deliver to the construction site ready
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:54,210 --> 00:22:57,730
1043
+ for assembly ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูˆุตู„ูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุดุงุญู†ุงุช sometimes
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:57,730 --> 00:23:02,990
1047
+ precast concrete is also pre-stressed ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุŸ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:02,990 --> 00:23:08,530
1051
+ pre-stressed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ stress ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ู…ุถุบูˆุทู‡ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:08,530 --> 00:23:12,890
1055
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุบุท ู…ุณุจู‚ุŒ ุจู†ุถุบุท ู…ุณุจู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:12,890 --> 00:23:16,650
1059
+ ู‡ุงุชุŸ with pre-stressing tension is applied to the
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:16,650 --> 00:23:23,320
1063
+ reinforcing bar ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุดุจ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:28,820
1067
+ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ู„ูŠุด
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:28,820 --> 00:23:31,860
1071
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:31,860 --> 00:23:39,520
1075
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุถุบุท ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุฌูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุฑูŠุญุด ูุฃู†ุช
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:39,520 --> 00:23:44,900
1079
+ ุจุชุดุฏูŠู‡ ุจูŠุจุทู„ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:44,900 --> 00:23:52,000
1083
+ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุดุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠู‡ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ู„ุชุฑูŠุญุฉู‡ุฐุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:56,940
1087
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ููŠู‡
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:56,940 --> 00:24:04,050
1091
+ ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‡ุงุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุณูŠุท ุฃุจุณุท ู…ู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:04,050 --> 00:24:07,990
1095
+ ู…ุชุฑูˆูƒ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ุฎุตูˆุตุงู‹ ู„ู…ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:07,990 --> 00:24:11,110
1099
+ ุชุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ุนู† ู…ุณุงูุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:11,110 --> 00:24:15,350
1103
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:15,350 --> 00:24:19,790
1107
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ู„ุบุฉ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:19,790 --> 00:24:24,790
1111
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุจุชุชุฑุงูˆุญ ุจุฅูŠุด ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุช
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:24,790 --> 00:24:30,230
1115
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏุฃูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:30,230 --> 00:24:33,910
1119
+ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑูู‡ุงุด ุจุณ ููŠ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจุนุฑูู‡ุง ุฏู‡
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:33,910 --> 00:24:38,410
1123
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุชู… ุงุนุชุจุงุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:38,410 --> 00:24:45,690
1127
+ ุนู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุณู‚ู ุชุจุนู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ 28 ุตุงู†ุท ุณู‚ูู†ุง ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:45,690 --> 00:24:50,230
1131
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุจุญุจูˆุง ุณู‚ู ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุชุจุนู†ุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:50,230 --> 00:24:55,570
1135
+ ุจุญุณุงุจู‡ ูƒู„ ุตุงู†ุท ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูƒูˆุจ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:55,570 --> 00:24:56,770
1139
+ ูุงู„ุชู‚ู„ุจุฉ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:00,510 --> 00:25:05,170
1143
+ ู…ุน ุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ูŠุชู… ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุฏูุน
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:05,170 --> 00:25:08,030
1147
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:08,030 --> 00:25:11,890
1151
+ ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:11,890 --> 00:25:12,630
1155
+ ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:12,630 --> 00:25:19,110
1159
+ ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน ุฏูุน
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:25:19,110 --> 00:25:24,930
1163
+ ุฏูุน
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:25:27,080 --> 00:25:34,680
1167
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ูŠู†ุตุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุฌุฏุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุทูˆู†
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:38,200
1171
+ ูŠู†ุตุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุฌุฏุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ูŠู†ุตุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:42,520
1175
+ ู…ุฌุฏุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ูŠู†ุตุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุฌุฏุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:42,520 --> 00:25:44,040
1179
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ูŠู†ุตุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุฌุฏุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุทูˆู†
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:44,040 --> 00:25:47,340
1183
+ ูŠู†ุตุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุฌุฏุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ูŠู†ุตุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:47,340 --> 00:25:56,530
1187
+ ู…ุฌุฏุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ bending forcing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:56,530 --> 00:26:05,010
1191
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู†ุญู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:05,010 --> 00:26:09,610
1195
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:09,610 --> 00:26:14,510
1199
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠ ู†ุฑุฌุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:14,510 --> 00:26:21,450
1203
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ cement ูƒู„ูƒู… ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู†
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:26:21,450 --> 00:26:27,070
1207
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ setุŒ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ setุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ูู‡ู†ุง start
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:27,070 --> 00:26:33,010
1211
+ become solid ู…ุตูˆุง ุงู„ cement paste ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:33,010 --> 00:26:36,750
1215
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุชุŒ concrete ู‡ูŠ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงูŠุด ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:36,750 --> 00:26:41,490
1219
+ ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ fine aggregate ูˆ ุงู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:41,490 --> 00:26:45,310
1223
+ coarse aggregate ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ Fine Aggregate
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:45,310 --> 00:26:49,090
1227
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ Sand ูˆุงู„ู€ Coarse Aggregate ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:49,090 --> 00:26:53,950
1231
+ ุงู„ Gravel ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ Structural Strength ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:53,950 --> 00:26:58,230
1235
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ time it takes ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุดุงุฆูŠุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:58,230 --> 00:27:02,310
1239
+ ุงู„ Strength needed to perform effectively ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:02,310 --> 00:27:08,990
1243
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 28 days 28 day strength ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ูˆ ุงูƒุชุดู
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:08,990 --> 00:27:14,730
1247
+ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ุงู„ concrete to its maximum strength ุฃูˆ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:14,730 --> 00:27:20,570
1251
+ normal strength ุงู„ุขู† mix designs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู†ุณุจ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:20,570 --> 00:27:28,030
1255
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… proportional proportions of cement to sand
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:28,030 --> 00:27:32,870
1259
+ to gravel or fine aggregate to coarse aggregate
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:32,870 --> 00:27:36,090
1263
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ batching ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ proportion
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:36,090 --> 00:27:39,970
1267
+ of measurement by weight ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุฌูŠู†ุฉ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:42,100 --> 00:27:47,580
1271
+ Water-cement ratio ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู„ู„ุงุณู…ู†ุช ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:47,580 --> 00:27:54,340
1275
+ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก Additives ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:54,340 --> 00:27:59,020
1279
+ ุงู„ plasticizer is an additive used to make
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:59,020 --> 00:28:07,400
1283
+ concrete soft ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ retarder
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:08,180
1287
+ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:12,710 --> 00:28:20,230
1291
+ slow setting ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ give more time to workers to
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:20,230 --> 00:28:25,370
1295
+ pour the cement ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ retarder ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:25,370 --> 00:28:30,270
1299
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ reinforced concrete ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจุงุฑุฒ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:30,270 --> 00:28:36,750
1303
+ ุขูŠุฑู† ุจุงุฑุฒ with concrete shattering
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:36,750 --> 00:28:43,150
1307
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ framework ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:43,150 --> 00:28:50,150
1311
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ iron bars ููŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:50,150 --> 00:28:54,870
1315
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุฌุฑุจ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:54,870 --> 00:29:00,090
1319
+ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุฃู†ุชู… ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง .. ุฃู†ุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:29:00,090 --> 00:29:06,720
1323
+ ุจูŠุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ .. ู…ุนุธู…ูƒู… ุดุบู„ ููŠ ุจูŠุชูƒู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุฅู„ุง
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:11,280
1327
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูˆู„ุฏุช ุจุดุฌุฉ ูˆู…ุง ุดุงูุชุด ุดูŠุก ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุจุณ ู…ุนุธู… ุจูŠูˆุชู†ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:16,360
1331
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ููŠู‡ุง ุดุบู„ุŒ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุญุฏ ุจูŠุดุบู„ุด ูุนู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:21,000
1335
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุงุช ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ูŠุฑุจุทูˆุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:26,240
1339
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุญุฏ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠ ุงุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุญู…ู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:30,820
1343
+ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุจุชุญู…ู„ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:30,820 --> 00:29:35,480
1347
+ ูุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุงุตู„ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุญุทุŸ ู†ุฎูู ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:35,480 --> 00:29:40,900
1351
+ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:40,900 --> 00:29:46,800
1355
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ูุฃู†ุช ุจุชุฎูู ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ molds
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:46,800 --> 00:29:53,920
1359
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ shape the general shape we try to
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:53,920 --> 00:29:58,380
1363
+ pour the concrete in ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ made of either iron
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:58,380 --> 00:30:07,060
1367
+ or wood cast ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ place in site of concrete
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:30:07,060 --> 00:30:13,120
1371
+ concrete made at the site ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู† precast
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:30:13,120 --> 00:30:18,880
1375
+ concrete made at the factory ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ุทูŠุจ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:21,060 --> 00:30:29,020
1379
+ ุงู„ cast ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตุจุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุงู†ุฎู„ุทุช ุจุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:29,020 --> 00:30:34,340
1383
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ..
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:34,340 --> 00:30:37,360
1387
+ cast
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:37,360 --> 00:30:44,260
1391
+ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูŠู†
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:44,260 --> 00:30:44,960
1395
+ ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:56,740
1399
+ ุงู„ุขู† pre-stressing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู†
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:56,740 --> 00:31:02,240
1403
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดุฏ ุงู„ iron ูŠุนู†ูŠ we stretch the iron bars
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:31:02,240 --> 00:31:04,900
1407
+ before pouring in the concrete
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:31:09,280 --> 00:31:14,260
1411
+ when somebody gets in a place where he does not
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:14,260 --> 00:31:18,300
1415
+ feel comfortable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู†ุญุดุฑ ุจู…ูƒุงู†
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:18,300 --> 00:31:22,080
1419
+ ูˆ ุจุชุญุณุด ุจุฑุงุญุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง you're trapped ุญุชู‰ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:26,800
1423
+ ู…ุด .. ู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† physical ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ูˆ ุญุฏุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:31:26,800 --> 00:31:31,460
1427
+ using ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ you're trapped by your
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:31:31,460 --> 00:31:36,940
1431
+ own words ุฃู†ุช ุตุงุฑ ุงูŠุด ู„ูƒ ุงู† ุญุดุฑุช ุจูƒู„ู…ุชูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:36,940 --> 00:31:44,850
1435
+ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ุง ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† a gravel used in concrete ุงูŠุด
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:44,850 --> 00:31:50,050
1439
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ gravel coarse aggregate sand used in
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:50,050 --> 00:31:54,810
1443
+ concrete fine aggregate ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจู†ุนูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:54,810 --> 00:31:58,710
1447
+ ู†ู‡ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุขู† powder that enables concrete to set
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:58,710 --> 00:32:06,390
1451
+ cement mix in concrete accurately batching ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:32:06,390 --> 00:32:11,210
1455
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุขู† specification of concrete
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:32:11,210 --> 00:32:17,250
1459
+ ingredients mixed design mixed design effective
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:32:17,250 --> 00:32:24,050
1463
+ capability of concrete twenty-eight day strength
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:32:24,050 --> 00:32:28,450
1467
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ effective ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ effect wetness and
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:32:28,450 --> 00:32:32,450
1471
+ strength of concrete ูƒู„ู…ุฉ wet ุทู„ุน ูƒู„ู…ุฉ wetness
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:32:32,450 --> 00:32:40,090
1475
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ ููŠู‡ .. ููŠู‡ ู…ุงุก ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠุดุŸ water cement
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:32:40,090 --> 00:32:45,070
1479
+ ratio different types of chemical put in concrete
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:32:45,070 --> 00:32:50,050
1483
+ additives ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุฅุฐุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:32:50,050 --> 00:32:54,530
1487
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจุชุดุชุฑูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:32:54,530 --> 00:32:58,250
1491
+ additives ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ุŸ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:32:58,880 --> 00:33:04,320
1495
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุญุงูุธุฉ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู… additives ู‡ุฐู‡
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:33:04,320 --> 00:33:09,480
1499
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุญุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญุท ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุญุชู‰ ู„ู…ุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:33:09,480 --> 00:33:12,400
1503
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง .. ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุนู… ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุนู…
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:33:12,400 --> 00:33:17,340
1507
+ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุดุญูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:33:17,340 --> 00:33:21,760
1511
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุง ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุนูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:33:21,760 --> 00:33:24,740
1515
+ ุฒู…ู†ุชู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุทุงุนู… ุชุจุนูŠู†ู†ุง
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:33:24,740 --> 00:33:32,700
1519
+ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุด ุตุญูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุทุนู… ุจุณ ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุฉ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:33:32,700 --> 00:33:38,100
1523
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ adjectives ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:33:38,100 --> 00:33:41,820
1527
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจู†ุญุท ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ concrete ุฅูŠุด
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:33:41,820 --> 00:33:46,160
1531
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุŸ ุจุชุฌู…ุฏ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุดู„ูŠู† ูู†ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:33:46,160 --> 00:33:51,000
1535
+ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ู€ adjectives ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง allowed to stay
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:55,760
1539
+ wet for longer retarded makes drier concrete
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:55,760 --> 00:33:59,490
1543
+ easier to work with. plasticizer
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:34:01,050 --> 00:34:05,710
1547
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุขู† complete the
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:34:05,710 --> 00:34:09,690
1551
+ textbook extract about a type of prestressed
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:34:09,690 --> 00:34:13,750
1555
+ concrete using the words in the box cast framework
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:34:13,750 --> 00:34:18,650
1559
+ pouring presetting structural concrete in situ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:34:18,650 --> 00:34:23,170
1563
+ precast reinforcement prestressing techniques
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:34:23,170 --> 00:34:27,130
1567
+ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุชุจุนู†ุง in the production of reinforced
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:34:27,130 --> 00:34:30,790
1571
+ concrete components the process of ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:34:49,890 --> 00:34:55,830
1575
+ pre-stressing usually involves holding ุฅูŠุด
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:34:55,830 --> 00:34:56,670
1579
+ intentionุŸ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:35:01,410 --> 00:35:04,530
1583
+ reinforcement intention ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจ .. ุฅูŠุด ูŠู‚ูˆู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:35:04,530 --> 00:35:10,290
1587
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ reinforce ุงู„ู€
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:35:10,290 --> 00:35:14,370
1591
+ concrete ูุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุดุฏู‡ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุดุฏ ุงู„ู€ concrete ูˆู„ุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:35:14,370 --> 00:35:20,950
1595
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŸ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุดุฏุด ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุดุฏุด
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:35:20,950 --> 00:35:26,730
1599
+ ูุฃู†ุง ุจุดุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุฏู‡ ู‚ุงู…ุฉ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:35:26,730 --> 00:35:33,850
1603
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏุนู… ุงู„ู€ concrete ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ูุงุณู…
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:35:33,850 --> 00:35:39,450
1607
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุด reinforcement intention while ุฅูŠุด
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:35:39,450 --> 00:35:40,170
1611
+ concrete
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:35:42,770 --> 00:35:45,710
1615
+ while ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุดุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:35:45,710 --> 00:35:52,330
1619
+ concrete ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจู†ุฒู„ู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู†ุฒู„ู‡ุง
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:35:52,330 --> 00:35:57,530
1623
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง pouring placing ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:59,240 --> 00:36:03,840
1627
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ pre-stressing ุชุณู…ู‰ pre-tension pre-
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:36:03,840 --> 00:36:07,260
1631
+ tensioning ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุถุบุท ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุชู…
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:36:07,260 --> 00:36:12,080
1635
+ ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฌูˆุงุจ ุญุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌูˆุงุจ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:36:12,080 --> 00:36:19,920
1639
+ ุญูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:36:19,920 --> 00:36:26,270
1643
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ ู…ุฌุงูˆุจุฉ ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡. ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:36:26,270 --> 00:36:37,110
1647
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุฅุตุฏุงุฑ ู…ุฌุฒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุชูŠ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:36:37,110 --> 00:36:43,930
1651
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุฎู„ู ู…ุญุทุฉ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:36:43,930 --> 00:36:48,070
1655
+ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:36:52,140 --> 00:36:58,660
1659
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง precast ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ a less common
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:58,660 --> 00:37:03,060
1663
+ prestressing technique is post tensioning apply
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:37:03,060 --> 00:37:07,260
1667
+ tension after the concrete has set ู„ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:37:07,260 --> 00:37:11,080
1671
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง post
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:37:12,340 --> 00:37:15,740
1675
+ Post-tensioning ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง pre-tensioning ู„ู…ุง
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:37:15,740 --> 00:37:19,080
1679
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุฏ ูˆ ุจุตุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ post-tensioning ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:37:19,080 --> 00:37:22,860
1683
+ apply tension after the concrete has set ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:37:22,860 --> 00:37:28,560
1687
+ ูŠุฌู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุดุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ post ู‡ุฐุง this is more
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:37:28,560 --> 00:37:31,500
1691
+ suitable for large elements especially long beams
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:37:31,500 --> 00:37:35,100
1695
+ which cannot be transported and therefore need to
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:37:35,100 --> 00:37:43,040
1699
+ be poured ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ุด ูˆูŠู† ุจุฃุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ุง
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:37:43,040 --> 00:37:48,560
1703
+ ุงู„ุตุจุฉุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุนุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุนุŸ in situ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:37:48,560 --> 00:37:53,400
1707
+ can't be transported ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ can't be
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:57,700
1711
+ transported ูˆูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ on the siteุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ููƒู„ู…ุฉ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:37:57,700 --> 00:38:04,080
1715
+ inside ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ in situ ุจุชุฌุงูˆุจ ุนู†ู‡ุง in situ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:38:16,890 --> 00:38:21,170
1719
+ ุงู„ุนู…ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ before the concrete is poured,
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:38:21,350 --> 00:38:24,830
1723
+ ducts usually plastic tubes are placed inside
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:38:26,740 --> 00:38:31,280
1727
+ framework ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:38:31,280 --> 00:38:36,840
1731
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ plastic ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุฌูˆู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:38:36,840 --> 00:38:41,840
1735
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ุดุฏ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุฌูˆู‡
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:38:41,840 --> 00:38:48,860
1739
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ framework ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุฌุณู… ุชุจุนูŠ along the
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:38:48,860 --> 00:38:52,540
1743
+ length of the beam these ducts ุงู„ู€ duct ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ..
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:38:52,540 --> 00:38:59,520
1747
+ contain steel cables ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจู†ุญุท ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ ูƒูˆุงุจู„ ู…ู†
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:38:59,520 --> 00:39:03,740
1751
+ ุงู„ุณุชูŠู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ cable ุนุดุงู† ุฅู†ู‡ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠุดุฏูˆู‡
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:39:03,740 --> 00:39:09,580
1755
+ ูุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุจูŠุธู„ู‡ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง after the
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:39:09,580 --> 00:39:15,300
1759
+ concrete has been ุฅูŠุดุŸ cast ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุตุจ and has
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:39:15,300 --> 00:39:20,210
1763
+ gained sufficient structural strength ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ ู‚ูˆุฉ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:39:20,210 --> 00:39:23,750
1767
+ The cables are put in tension using jacks at
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:39:23,750 --> 00:39:28,050
1771
+ either end of the beam ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุฌุซูˆุฑ ุจุดูƒู„
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:39:28,050 --> 00:39:34,250
1775
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:39:34,250 --> 00:39:39,390
1779
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠูุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุญุทู‡ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:39:39,390 --> 00:39:43,090
1783
+ ุจู†ุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ this is only possible because the
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:39:43,090 --> 00:39:47,590
1787
+ cables are free to move within the duct it is not
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:39:47,590 --> 00:39:51,490
1791
+ possible with pretension reinforcing bar which are
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:39:51,490 --> 00:39:57,190
1795
+ held fast by the hard concrete surrounding them
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:39:57,190 --> 00:40:00,790
1799
+ the end of the cables are then permanently
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:40:00,790 --> 00:40:04,690
1803
+ anchored at either end of the beam ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:40:04,690 --> 00:40:05,470
1807
+ anchoredุŸ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:40:07,720 --> 00:40:13,420
1811
+ ุฑุจุงุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ anchor man ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุดุฏ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุชุจุนู‡
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:40:13,420 --> 00:40:20,820
1815
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:40:20,820 --> 00:40:25,780
1819
+ anchor ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงู„ุขู† ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ ู…ุณุงุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:40:25,780 --> 00:40:33,320
1823
+ ุงู„ุชุชุงุจุน ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณูˆุงุก
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:40:33,320 --> 00:40:38,000
1827
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุจุงุญุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ anchor person
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:42,420
1831
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ set the pace ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:40:42,420 --> 00:40:50,370
1835
+ ูˆุฑุงุฉุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุดุฎุต ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุคุฎุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:40:50,370 --> 00:40:56,370
1839
+ ุตุนุจ ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุญุณู†
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:40:56,370 --> 00:41:00,790
1843
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠู† ุจุชุชุจุนู‡ ูˆุฑุงู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ anchor man
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:41:00,790 --> 00:41:05,490
1847
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุญุจ ุงู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูู€ anchor
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:41:05,490 --> 00:41:11,650
1851
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุดุฏ ุงู„ูƒู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ chapter 16
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:41:11,650 --> 00:41:19,670
1855
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:41:19,670 --> 00:41:25,230
1859
+ ุนู„ู‰ seventeen ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุญุฏ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:41:25,230 --> 00:41:29,030
1863
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตูุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:41:29,030 --> 00:41:34,330
1867
+ presentations ุขุฎุฑ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุงุก ุฃูŠูˆู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:41:34,330 --> 00:41:38,650
1871
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/3BCXCLdWrNY_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1624 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:29,440
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† 15 ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† 15
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:29,440 --> 00:00:36,220
7
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ุนู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ูˆุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู…ูŠูƒุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ูŠู†ุฑุงู„ุฒุŸ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:36,220 --> 00:00:42,180
11
+ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ูŠู†ุฑุงู„ุฒุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:42,180 --> 00:00:48,260
15
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุตุญุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ ู…ูŠู†ุฑุงู„ ูˆ water ุตุญุŸ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:48,260 --> 00:00:55,250
19
+ ูุฅูŠุด ู…ูŠู†ุฑุงู„ุŸุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู…ุนุฏู„ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ ceramics ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:55,250 --> 00:01:03,250
23
+ ceramics ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุทูŠุจ what
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:01:03,250 --> 00:01:06,450
27
+ we gonna talk about two sections in section one
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:06,450 --> 00:01:10,550
31
+ minerals and ceramics engineering material ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:10,550 --> 00:01:15,590
35
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ glass ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:15,590 --> 00:01:22,500
39
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุฃูŠู‡ ุงู„ minerals ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ ceramicsู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:22,500 --> 00:01:27,580
43
+ ุชุญุช ู„ูŠุดุŸ minerals and ceramics engineering
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:27,580 --> 00:01:32,220
47
+ material a mineral is a natural inorganic material
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:32,220 --> 00:01:41,300
51
+ natural ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ inorganic ุบูŠุฑ ุนุถูˆูŠุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:41,300 --> 00:01:43,080
55
+ ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠ organic
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:45,690 --> 00:01:51,430
59
+ one that is not living ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุนุถูˆู‰ which is
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:51,430 --> 00:01:56,310
63
+ found in the ground often within rocks ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:56,310 --> 00:02:01,270
67
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู† ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุฎูˆุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ minerals are
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:01,270 --> 00:02:09,050
71
+ quite pure ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด pureุŸ quite pure ุตุงููŠุฉ ุงูˆ ู†ู‚ูŠุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:09,050 --> 00:02:14,900
75
+ ุฌุฏุงRocks on the other hand can be mixtures of
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:14,900 --> 00:02:20,740
79
+ several minerals ุงู„ุตุฎูˆุฑ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู†
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:20,740 --> 00:02:28,240
83
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ and may
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:28,240 --> 00:02:35,640
87
+ also contain previously organic materials ูˆู…ู…ูƒู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:35,640 --> 00:02:41,140
91
+ ุงู„ุตุฎูˆุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุนุถูˆูŠุฉExamples of minerals
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:41,140 --> 00:02:48,100
95
+ include different types of ore ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ oreุŸ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:48,100 --> 00:02:54,360
99
+ ุทูŠุจ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญูุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฅูŠุด
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:54,360 --> 00:02:59,500
103
+ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŸ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู†ูุทุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุฒูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:59,500 --> 00:03:06,100
107
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ูุงู„ ore ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฎุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:06,100 --> 00:03:16,790
111
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุฉ ูู‡ู…ุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด oreุŸูุงู†ุง ุจุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ form
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:16,790 --> 00:03:21,030
115
+ of which metal can be extracted such as iron or
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:21,030 --> 00:03:25,210
119
+ non-metallic minerals include ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ non-metallic
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:25,210 --> 00:03:30,570
123
+ ุงู„ ore ู…ุชุงู„ูƒ ุตุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:30,570 --> 00:03:34,370
127
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ iron ore ู…ุชุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ non-metallic ุฒูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:34,370 --> 00:03:40,580
131
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ diamond ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ diamondุงู„ู…ุงุณ an extremely
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:40,580 --> 00:03:45,680
135
+ hard form of carbon ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ู…ุงุณ ุงูŠุดุŸ carbon
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:45,680 --> 00:03:53,320
139
+ ุตู„ุจ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ which is used as an abrasive
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:53,320 --> 00:03:56,600
143
+ very hard and rough material in cutting tools ุงูŠุด
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:56,600 --> 00:03:57,920
147
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ abrasivesุŸ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:00,110 --> 00:04:05,250
151
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ ุจุณ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช .. ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ุทุน ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:05,250 --> 00:04:10,690
155
+ ุชุดูˆู ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุงุฌุฒุงุฒ ุจูŠู‚ุทุนูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุดุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉุŒ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:10,690 --> 00:04:15,230
159
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ tools ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ synth ุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:15,230 --> 00:04:21,170
163
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุญูู„ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:21,170 --> 00:04:26,070
167
+ ุงู„ู…ุจุฑุฏ ุฃูˆ ุจุฑุงุฏู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ abrasive
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:26,640 --> 00:04:32,080
171
+ abrasive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญูƒ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:38,540
175
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง abrasive frequently referred
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:38,540 --> 00:04:42,180
179
+ to as industrial diamond when used in engineering
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:42,180 --> 00:04:45,520
183
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ diamond ุงู„ู„ูŠ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:49,680
187
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฃูŠุด ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:49,680 --> 00:04:54,460
191
+ abrasive ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ industrial diamond
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:57,540 --> 00:05:01,680
195
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ clay bricks ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ุด ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:07,800
199
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุตุฑ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ู‡ูˆ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:14,060
203
+ ุญุฌุฑ ู…ุตู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:14,060 --> 00:05:20,100
207
+ Silicon found in sand and silica ุจุชุนุฑููŠุด ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:20,100 --> 00:05:26,720
211
+ siliconุŸู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ SiliconุŸ ุทูŠุจ Silicon
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:31,520
215
+ Dioxide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:31,520 --> 00:05:37,760
219
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุฑู… ุจู‡ุฌุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุนุฌุฒุฉ ุชุนุฑู ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฑู…ู„ ุฃูˆ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:37,760 --> 00:05:43,400
223
+ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุฎู† ู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:43,400 --> 00:05:48,870
227
+ ุนุงู…ุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฃูˆุฑูŠุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ู…ุชุงู„ูŠุฉthat have been
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:48,870 --> 00:05:53,450
231
+ formed by heating are called ceramics ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุทู„ุน
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:53,450 --> 00:05:57,990
235
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง inorganic non-metallic material ู„ู…ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:57,990 --> 00:06:04,830
239
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ceramics ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุฎุงุฑ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:04,830 --> 00:06:09,530
243
+ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ูุฎุงุฑ ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ุงู„ูุฎุงุฑ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:09,530 --> 00:06:14,840
247
+ ุจุงู„ุทูŠู† ุจุงู„ุทูŠู† ุจุณ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ููŠู‡ุจุณุฎู†ูˆู‡ ุจุญุฑู‚ูˆู‡
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:14,840 --> 00:06:22,240
251
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูุจุตูŠุฑ ูุฎู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ ceramics glass
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:25,740
255
+ is therefore a ceramic when materials are heated
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:25,740 --> 00:06:28,760
259
+ to extremely high temperature to form ceramics
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:28,760 --> 00:06:33,400
263
+ that are glass-like ุงู„ ceramics ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‡ุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:38,250
267
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉthat is with a
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:38,250 --> 00:06:41,570
271
+ structure like that of a glass we say they are
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:41,570 --> 00:06:45,150
275
+ vitrified
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:45,150 --> 00:06:49,990
279
+ vitrified ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:49,990 --> 00:06:53,290
283
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู†ูŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:53,290 --> 00:06:59,410
287
+ vitrified ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌูŠุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูˆุด ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:59,410 --> 00:07:04,150
291
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆู† ููŠ ุตูˆุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุชุจุนุช ุงู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:04,150 --> 00:07:10,340
295
+ pyrexุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง? vitrified ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:10,340 --> 00:07:15,200
299
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฅู†ุงุก
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:22,940
303
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ vitrified ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:22,940 --> 00:07:29,330
307
+ ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฒ ุจุณ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุนู†
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:29,330 --> 00:07:32,230
311
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู‚ุฏุฑู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:32,230 --> 00:07:38,060
315
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุณุชุฎุฏ .. ุชุณุชุฎุฏ .. ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉCeramic
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:38,060 --> 00:07:41,720
319
+ materials are used to make construction materials
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:41,720 --> 00:07:45,440
323
+ such as bricks ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ construction ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:45,440 --> 00:07:50,280
327
+ such as bricks ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ they are
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:50,280 --> 00:07:56,380
331
+ made from clay ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง and
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:56,380 --> 00:08:02,240
335
+ are then fired in a client ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ firedุŸ ุจุชู…
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:02,240 --> 00:08:09,070
339
+ ุญุฑู‚ู‡ู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ client ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ูุฑู†ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:09,070 --> 00:08:15,470
343
+ ุงู„ุญุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑู† ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง fired in a clay ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ that
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:15,470 --> 00:08:18,590
347
+ is heated to a high temperature in an industrial
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:18,590 --> 00:08:25,150
351
+ oven clay can also be vitrified for example in ..
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:25,150 --> 00:08:29,670
355
+ to make waterproof pipes ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:29,670 --> 00:08:38,860
359
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ water proofุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠูˆุฉูˆ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:38,860 --> 00:08:46,220
363
+ ุงู„ู€ vibes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ุจูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูุงู„ุขู†
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:46,220 --> 00:08:50,160
367
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุจุณ ู„ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู‡ู… ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:50,160 --> 00:08:54,200
371
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ minerals ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ minerals ู‡ูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:54,200 --> 00:08:59,730
375
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸinorganic materials ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:59,730 --> 00:09:05,750
379
+ inorganic ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† metals ูˆ non-metals ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:05,750 --> 00:09:11,610
383
+ ู‡ุงู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ore ูˆ ุงู„ ore ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:11,610 --> 00:09:16,090
387
+ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฎุงู… ู†ุฎุฑุฌู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุจูŠู†
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:16,090 --> 00:09:19,550
391
+ ุงู„ุตุฎูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุน ุงู„ diamond ูˆ ุงู„
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:19,550 --> 00:09:25,550
395
+ diamond ู‡ูˆ a form of hearthard form of carbon ูˆู‡ุฐุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:25,550 --> 00:09:30,950
399
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ abrasive ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตู„ุจ ุฌุฏุง ููŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุทุน
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:30,950 --> 00:09:37,850
403
+ cutting material and ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:37,850 --> 00:09:39,390
407
+ industrial diamond
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:42,220 --> 00:09:48,040
411
+ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ ceramic ูˆ ุงู„
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:48,040 --> 00:09:51,460
415
+ ceramic ุจู†ุนู…ู„ by applying high temperature ุงู„
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:51,460 --> 00:09:56,760
419
+ temperature ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ heating to
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:56,760 --> 00:09:59,820
423
+ high temperature ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด?
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:00,820 --> 00:10:05,100
427
+ vitrifying ุงูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ vitrified
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:08,460 --> 00:10:12,580
431
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ Klein ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู† .. ุงู„ Klein
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:12,580 --> 00:10:21,580
435
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูุฑู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุญุฑู‚ ุฃูˆ ..
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:21,580 --> 00:10:31,130
439
+ ุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ Clay ู‡ุฐูŠูƒClay .. Clay ุทูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ Klein ู‡ุฐู‡
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:31,130 --> 00:10:37,790
443
+ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ูุฑู† ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู†ูˆู‡ ู„ุญุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:37,790 --> 00:10:44,770
447
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุชุฒ ุฒูŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:44,770 --> 00:10:46,650
451
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:49,500 --> 00:10:55,640
455
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:55,640 --> 00:10:57,000
459
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:01,160
463
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:08,900
467
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:12,260 --> 00:11:16,940
471
+ ุงู„ู€ technical advisor ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ structure
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:16,940 --> 00:11:23,940
475
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุชุนูŠู†ูˆุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:23,940 --> 00:11:29,720
479
+ ููŠู‡ู… ุฎุจุฑุงุก ูุฎุจูŠุฑ ุชู‚ู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ technical advisor ู‡ูˆ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:29,720 --> 00:11:34,700
483
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุดุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ูู‡ูˆ for a glass manufacturer
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:34,700 --> 00:11:40,750
487
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุฃุญุฏู‰ ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌูู‡ูˆ giving a briefing
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:40,750 --> 00:11:47,710
491
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุฒูŠ ู†ุจุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ู…ู„ุฎุต to a group of
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:47,710 --> 00:11:50,990
495
+ engineers at a trade .. trade fair ุงูŠุด ุงู„ trade
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:50,990 --> 00:11:53,530
499
+ fair ุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ููŠู‡ุŸ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:57,930 --> 00:12:02,510
503
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ trade fair ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:02,510 --> 00:12:06,510
507
+ ูุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุจูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆุง
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:06,510 --> 00:12:10,990
511
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงุญู†ุง
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:10,990 --> 00:12:14,690
515
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆ ุณูƒุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:14,690 --> 00:12:21,260
519
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู„ู…ุง ุฃูŠ ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุฅู„ู‡ุงู…ุนุฑุถ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:21,260 --> 00:12:25,460
523
+ ุณู†ูˆูŠ ุฃูˆ ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ุณู†ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:25,460 --> 00:12:29,360
527
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุทู„ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:29,360 --> 00:12:32,620
531
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ boya ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ boya ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุฅูŠุด
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:32,620 --> 00:12:35,960
535
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ููŠ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ boya
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:35,960 --> 00:12:39,380
539
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ boya ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:39,380 --> 00:12:44,630
543
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุชุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ุงุทุจ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ูˆ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:44,630 --> 00:12:47,350
547
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุชุนุฑู ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ู‡ุงุฏ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:47,350 --> 00:12:52,270
551
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ูŠุนุฑููˆุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:52,270 --> 00:12:55,430
555
+ ู…ูŠุฒุงุชู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ูŠุจูŠุนูˆู‡ุง ู„ู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:55,430 --> 00:12:58,710
559
+ ูŠูˆุตูˆู„ู‡ู… ุฅูŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ููŠ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:58,710 --> 00:13:02,190
563
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:02,190 --> 00:13:06,330
567
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ูƒุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุนุฑุถูŠู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:06,330 --> 00:13:12,600
571
+ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู†ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุตุฑ ู„ู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:12,600 --> 00:13:16,180
575
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฏู† ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจุทู„ุน
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:16,180 --> 00:13:20,240
579
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ูŠู† ุจุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:20,240 --> 00:13:24,320
583
+ ูŠุดูˆููˆุง ุฃูŠุด ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆููŠ ุนุงู„ู…
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:24,320 --> 00:13:30,090
587
+ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ููŠ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:30,090 --> 00:13:33,150
591
+ ุงู„ู…ุคุชู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุซู„ุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:33,150 --> 00:13:36,970
595
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ุตุต ุงู„ูู„ุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุนุฑูˆููŠู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:36,970 --> 00:13:41,250
599
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงู„ุงู†
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:41,250 --> 00:13:46,390
603
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ .. ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ูŠู‚ุฏู…ุŒ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุชุฌุงุฑู†ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:46,390 --> 00:13:51,510
607
+ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุน ุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŒ ุน ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุณู…ุน ููŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุจุฑูˆุญูˆุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:51,510 --> 00:13:54,690
611
+ ูŠุดุชุฑูŠูˆุงุŒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุจุฑูˆุญูˆุงุŸ ุจุชูุฑุฌูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:54,690 --> 00:14:01,190
615
+ ุจู†ุนุฑุถุŒ ูุงู„ fairs ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ ..ูŠุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:01,190 --> 00:14:05,970
619
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูู„ู…ุง ุญุฏ ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠุด ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:05,970 --> 00:14:09,950
623
+ ุงู„ briefing ุจุนุฑุถู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:09,950 --> 00:14:14,090
627
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุฒุจุงูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ู…
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:14,090 --> 00:14:18,770
631
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฎุฏ ููƒุฑุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฃูˆ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:18,770 --> 00:14:22,150
635
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฃุฎุฏุช ููƒุฑุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู„ูƒูŠู ุชุดุฑุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:22,150 --> 00:14:27,010
639
+ ู„ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุด ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆุฏู‡ ู„ู‡ู… ุฃูŠุฉ ุณุคุงู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:27,010 --> 00:14:31,490
643
+ ุจูŠุณุฃู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ fairููŠ ุงู„ fair
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:31,490 --> 00:14:36,830
647
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† sheets of glass
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:36,830 --> 00:14:41,790
651
+ which are obviously flat and thin are called float
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:41,790 --> 00:14:47,570
655
+ glass ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงูŠุด ูˆุฑู‚ sheets
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:47,570 --> 00:14:55,310
659
+ ุงูˆ ุดุฑุงุฆุญ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุฆุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ flat
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:55,310 --> 00:15:01,490
663
+ and thin ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด float
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:01,490 --> 00:15:07,230
667
+ glass ูู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ู†ุง ุนู† float glass ู‡ูŠ sheet of glass
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:07,230 --> 00:15:13,110
671
+ that are flat and thin ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:13,110 --> 00:15:19,250
675
+ ุทูŠุจ this refers to the manufacturing technique
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:19,250 --> 00:15:24,370
679
+ where molten glass is floated on molten tin ุงู„ุขู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:24,370 --> 00:15:31,290
683
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณูƒุจ moltenุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŸ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุฃูˆ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:31,290 --> 00:15:37,050
687
+ ุฏุงุฆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ liquid ู…ุตู‡ูˆุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตุญู‰
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:37,050 --> 00:15:41,030
691
+ liquid ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุณุงุฆู„ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ molten glass
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:41,030 --> 00:15:44,610
695
+ floating on molten tin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุชู†ูƒ ูŠุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:44,610 --> 00:15:52,120
699
+ ุฅู…ุง ุฎุฑุตูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุฏุงุฆุจุฉุทูŠุจ to produce
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:52,120 --> 00:15:56,500
703
+ flat sheets usually after float .. float glass has
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:56,500 --> 00:16:01,080
707
+ been formed it's annealed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด annealed ู‡ู†ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:01,080 --> 00:16:06,620
711
+ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง it's left to cool slowly ุงู„ุขู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:06,620 --> 00:16:13,680
715
+ annealing ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุณุงุฆู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:13,680 --> 00:16:19,110
719
+ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุตุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุจุฑุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:19,110 --> 00:16:24,650
723
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง annealing ู„ุณุจุจ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ูƒูˆูŠุณ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:24,650 --> 00:16:28,710
727
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง but if it's left in this
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:28,710 --> 00:16:32,410
731
+ state and the glass later get broken it breaks
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:32,410 --> 00:16:36,670
735
+ into dangerous sharp pieces ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุฒ ู…ู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:36,670 --> 00:16:40,800
739
+ ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุชูƒุณุฑ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู„ุฃุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:45,040
743
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง sharp ุญุงุฏุฉ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู‡ุงุฏ ุฃูŠ ุญุฏ ุจู…ุณูƒ ุฃูŠ ุฅุดูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:45,040 --> 00:16:50,300
747
+ ุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฌุฑุญ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฒ ุจุชูุชูุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฑุฒ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:50,300 --> 00:16:57,000
751
+ ุฃูˆ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฒูŠ .. ู‡ุงุด ุฌุฏุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุจุชูุชูุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:57,000 --> 00:17:00,780
755
+ ุจุนุฑูุด ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒูˆุง ุดุงูู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฒ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:00,780 --> 00:17:06,100
759
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุจุงูƒ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชูุชูุช ุงู„ุดุจุงูƒ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ูƒูŠู ุจุชูุชูุชุŸ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:06,100 --> 00:17:12,630
763
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ุจุชุญุณู‡ูˆุด sharp ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:12,630 --> 00:17:17,010
767
+ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุง ู„ูˆ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุช ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุดุงุฑุญู‡ุงุŸ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:17,010 --> 00:17:21,010
771
+ SharpุŒ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุฎููŠูุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฅุฌุฒุงุฒ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:21,010 --> 00:17:28,810
775
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุดุฌู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:28,810 --> 00:17:32,810
779
+ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุŒ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ูƒุณุฑู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉุŒ ุจุถุฑุจ ุญุฏ ู…ู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:32,810 --> 00:17:38,180
783
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุŸุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุชู„ุช ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงุฌุงุฒุฉ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:38,180 --> 00:17:42,780
787
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ annealed glass ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ glass ุงู„ุงุด
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:42,780 --> 00:17:48,840
791
+ heated and cooled slowly ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุชุจุนู‡ it
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:48,840 --> 00:17:52,440
795
+ broken into sharp ุฏู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:55,820 --> 00:18:00,740
799
+ sharp pieces ูˆู‡ุฐุง dangerous ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ large
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:00,740 --> 00:18:05,720
803
+ sharp pieces ู‡ุฏูˆู„ู‡ุง ุญุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ุงูŠุด a nailed
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:12,620
807
+ glass for most engineering and architecture uses a
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:12,620 --> 00:18:18,560
811
+ nailed glass is unsuitable ู…ุด ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุทุฑ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:24,910
815
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡we need to use what we call
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:18:24,910 --> 00:18:32,590
819
+ safety glass ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุขู…ู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:32,590 --> 00:18:39,020
823
+ ุงู„ุขู…ู† ุจุชุญุจ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูุงุช ูุงุช ู…ุงูŠุนู…ู„ุดุงู„ุชุดูˆู‡ุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู†
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:39,020 --> 00:18:42,720
827
+ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุงุญุธุชูˆู‡ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงูŠุงู… ุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจ ุดุจุงุจูŠูƒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุช
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:42,720 --> 00:18:47,700
831
+ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุชุฃุฐูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณ ุทู„ุนุช ุดุจุงุจูŠูƒ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:47,700 --> 00:18:51,680
835
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ safe ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ู„ู…ุง
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:51,680 --> 00:18:57,960
839
+ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ูˆุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุณุฑูƒูŠุด ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุงุช
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:02,620
843
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉูุจุชู‚ุฏูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุตู…ู…
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:19:02,620 --> 00:19:07,600
847
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุถุฑุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงู…ุงู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุตู…ู…
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:19:07,600 --> 00:19:12,300
851
+ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู†ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุงุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุณ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุช
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:19:12,300 --> 00:19:15,980
855
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุน ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุชุฏุนุณ ุนู„ู‰
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:19:15,980 --> 00:19:19,640
859
+ ุญุฌุฑ ุจุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุจุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช .. ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:19,640 --> 00:19:24,160
863
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุงุฌุฒุงุฒ ุจุณ ุงู„ุงุฌุฒุงุฒ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:24,160 --> 00:19:29,960
867
+ ุจุชูุชูุชุด ุงูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠุด ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุตู†ุน ู…ู† ุงูŠุดุŸ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:29,960 --> 00:19:34,860
871
+ safety glassุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ unnailed glass ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:34,860 --> 00:19:38,340
875
+ safety glass one type of safety glass is toughened
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:38,340 --> 00:19:45,140
879
+ glass ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ toughened glass ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒุฌุงุฌ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:45,140 --> 00:19:52,160
883
+ ู…ู‚ูˆุฉ toughened glass ู‡ู… ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ูˆู†ูˆุน ุงู„ safety glass
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:57,690
887
+ ู„ู‡ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ toughened glass also called
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:57,690 --> 00:20:03,970
891
+ tempered glass ูˆ ุงู„ tempered glass ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:20:03,970 --> 00:20:08,190
895
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุชู‡ as the term suggests the glass is
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:20:08,190 --> 00:20:12,270
899
+ tempered if heated and kept hot for a certain time
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:20:12,270 --> 00:20:18,090
903
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุณุฎู†ู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฑุฏ ุดูˆูŠ ุดูˆูŠ ุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:20:18,090 --> 00:20:24,240
907
+ annealed ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณุฎู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุณุงุฎู† ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉto
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:20:24,240 --> 00:20:27,320
911
+ change its structure ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุณุฎู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:27,320 --> 00:20:35,120
915
+ structure ุชุจุนู‡ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ then if tempered glass is
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:35,120 --> 00:20:40,540
919
+ broken it shatters it shatters ุชุชูุชูุช ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:40,540 --> 00:20:47,170
923
+ shatters it breaks into tiny piecesุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:20:47,170 --> 00:20:51,750
927
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุดุงู ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดุจุงูƒ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:51,750 --> 00:20:55,570
931
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุชูุงุช ูุงุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุดู‚ู
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:55,570 --> 00:20:59,010
935
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุญุชู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชู†ุธููŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชุทู„ุน
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:59,010 --> 00:21:02,910
939
+ ุนูŠู†ูƒ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูˆ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูƒ ุชู†ุธู ู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:21:02,910 --> 00:21:10,230
943
+ .. ุงูˆ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุฏ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:21:10,230 --> 00:21:13,050
947
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุตุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:21:13,050 --> 00:21:23,370
951
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุชุญุทู… ุนุตุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:21:23,370 --> 00:21:30,240
955
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุชุญุทู… ุนุตุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„the disadvantage of toughen glass
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:30,240 --> 00:21:34,460
959
+ is that it cannot withstand impact from small
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:34,460 --> 00:21:38,360
963
+ objects such as flying stone ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌุงู„ู‡ุง ุญุฌุฑ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:38,360 --> 00:21:44,010
967
+ ุทุงูŠุฑ ุชุชุญู…ู„ูˆุด ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุชูุชูุช ุจุณุฑุนุฉูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุงู ุนุงุฑู ู‡ุฐู‡
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:44,010 --> 00:21:47,930
971
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ุฌุฑุจู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ุตุฑ ุนู… ูŠุชู‚ู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:47,930 --> 00:21:52,210
975
+ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุญุฌุฑ ุทุงูŠุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุฃูˆ ูˆู„ุฏ ุจูŠุฎุจุทู„ู‡
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:52,210 --> 00:21:56,250
979
+ ุญุฌุฑ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจูŠุฎุจุทู„ู‡ ุญุฌุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:56,250 --> 00:22:03,740
983
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ูุช ูุช ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญุทูŠุจ so for instance that
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:22:03,740 --> 00:22:09,300
987
+ makes it unsuitable for vehicle windscreen ุงู„ุดุจุงูƒ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:22:09,300 --> 00:22:14,360
991
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ windscreen ุงูˆ windshield ุงูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:22:14,360 --> 00:22:19,240
995
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ windscreen ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ wind
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:23,540 --> 00:22:29,480
999
+ windshield ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุจุงูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:29,480 --> 00:22:34,220
1003
+ ุงู„ windshield ูˆ windscreen ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:34,220 --> 00:22:38,520
1007
+ ู„ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุถุบุท ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ุฅู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:38,520 --> 00:22:45,500
1011
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† body ุชุจุน ุญุตุงุฑ so in
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:45,500 --> 00:22:50,800
1015
+ cases where impact ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ impactุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุชุตุงุฏู… ู„ุฃ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:50,800 --> 00:22:58,980
1019
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ impact ุตุฏู…ุฉุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ impact are a problem
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:58,980 --> 00:23:02,420
1023
+ another type of safety glass ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ laminated
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:23:02,420 --> 00:23:05,660
1027
+ glass ู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ safety glass ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:23:10,760 --> 00:23:18,300
1031
+ Laminated glass is made by
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:23:18,300 --> 00:23:21,660
1035
+ laminating glass with a polymer
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:30,230 --> 00:23:34,850
1039
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชูุชูุชุด ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:34,850 --> 00:23:38,050
1043
+ ุงู„ุดุจุงูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ plastic
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:38,050 --> 00:23:43,470
1047
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ูู‡ูŠ ุจุณุงูˆูŠุฉ sandwich ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุดุฌุฉ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:43,470 --> 00:23:49,560
1051
+ glass ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง glassู…ุน ุงู„ู€
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:49,560 --> 00:23:53,640
1055
+ Polymer ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุชุตู†ุน ุนุฌุฒุฉ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ Polymer ู…ุน
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:53,640 --> 00:23:58,640
1059
+ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ Polymer ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰ ูˆู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุนุฌุฒุฉ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:58,640 --> 00:24:04,020
1063
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุญูŠู† ูุฅู† ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู„ุฒู‚ุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ูู‚ุท
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:24:04,020 --> 00:24:10,500
1067
+ .. ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุนุฌุฒุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Polymer
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:24:10,500 --> 00:24:11,920
1071
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู„ุฒู‚ุฉ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:24:15,330 --> 00:24:18,730
1075
+ they are struck to the polymer, so if the glass
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:24:18,730 --> 00:24:22,670
1079
+ does break, the broken pieces are held together
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:24:22,670 --> 00:24:26,790
1083
+ and don't fly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:26,790 --> 00:24:32,210
1087
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุดุฌุฌ ุงูˆ ุจู†ูƒุณุฑ ุจุณ ุจุชุทูŠุฑุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู†ู‡
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:32,210 --> 00:24:37,990
1091
+ ุจูŠุถู„ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฃุฏูŠุด ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู‡
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:37,990 --> 00:24:42,670
1095
+ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุงู†ุนู…ู„ ุดุจุงุจูŠูƒู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุชุฃูƒู„ ูุนุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:51,400
1099
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ three
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:56,280
1103
+ kinds of glass ุงูŠุด ู‡ู… ุงูˆ type of glass ุงูŠุด .. un
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:56,280 --> 00:25:01,140
1107
+ -nailed glass safety glass ูˆููŠู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ููŠู‡
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:25:01,140 --> 00:25:06,980
1111
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ toughened ุงูˆ tampered glass ูˆ laminated
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:25:06,980 --> 00:25:11,760
1115
+ glass ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ un-nailed ูˆ ุงู„ safety ุงู†
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:16,790
1119
+ ุงู„ un-nailed it get heatedand get cooled down
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:25:16,790 --> 00:25:21,150
1123
+ slowly ุจูŠู†ู…ุง a toughened glass get heated for a
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:25:21,150 --> 00:25:25,850
1127
+ period of time stays heated ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงูŠุด it cooled
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:25:25,850 --> 00:25:29,750
1131
+ down ุงู„ุชุงูู†ุฏ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:29,750 --> 00:25:33,070
1135
+ ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชุงูู†ุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ ุงูŠุด annealed?
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:34,490 --> 00:25:40,280
1139
+ laminated?tempered ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุณู… tempered and
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:40,280 --> 00:25:44,340
1143
+ toughened ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ laminated ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:44,340 --> 00:25:51,460
1147
+ polymer layer in the middle ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูู‡ูŠ bounded ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:51,460 --> 00:25:55,950
1151
+ ุงู„ polymer ูˆ ุงู„ glass boundedto each other ุงู„ุงู†
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:55,950 --> 00:26:01,670
1155
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ poly .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:26:01,670 --> 00:26:05,670
1159
+ laminated glass ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ polymer plus ุงูŠุดุŸ glass
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:26:05,670 --> 00:26:10,250
1163
+ bounded together they form a sandwich sandwich ููŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:26:10,250 --> 00:26:14,230
1167
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ polymer in the middle two layer of glass on
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:26:14,230 --> 00:26:19,330
1171
+ each sideุงู„ุงู† exercise fifteen one decide whether
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:26:19,330 --> 00:26:22,930
1175
+ the sentences below are true or false then change
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:26:22,930 --> 00:26:26,330
1179
+ one word in each of the false sentences to correct
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:26:26,330 --> 00:26:31,510
1183
+ them Minerals are organic, false ุฃูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŸ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:26:31,510 --> 00:26:36,870
1187
+ inorganic Minerals can be found in rocks, true
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:26:36,870 --> 00:26:42,410
1191
+ Silica is a compound containing siliconุตุญูŠุญุฉ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:42,410 --> 00:26:48,790
1195
+ ู…ุตุงุฑุนูŠู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุงู„ูŠูƒ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ู…ุชุงู„ูŠูƒ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:48,790 --> 00:26:56,390
1199
+ ู…ุตุงุฑุน ุฏุงูŠู…ูˆู† ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุตุงุฑุน ู…ุชุงู„ูŠูƒ ู„ุง ู…ุชุงู„ูŠูƒ ู„ุง ู…ุชุงู„ูŠูƒ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:56,390 --> 00:27:04,310
1203
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุทูŠุจ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุตุจุญ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:27:04,310 --> 00:27:10,150
1207
+ ู…ุตุงุฑุน ูƒุฑุงู…ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญูุธุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:27:14,110 --> 00:27:20,190
1211
+ ุงู„ glass ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด glass .. glass-like ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:27:20,190 --> 00:27:26,670
1215
+ glass ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู‡ verified ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุด ุงู„ ceramic ุทูŠุจ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:27:26,670 --> 00:27:33,290
1219
+ ุงู„ clay can be fired to produce material with a
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:27:33,290 --> 00:27:37,770
1223
+ glass-like structure true ุงู„ูุฎุงุฑ ู…ูˆุงุตูุชู‡ ุฒูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:27:37,770 --> 00:27:43,170
1227
+ ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ glass ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:43,170 --> 00:27:48,760
1231
+ ุชุจุนุชู†ุงุทูŠุจ use the words and expressions in the box
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:48,760 --> 00:27:52,180
1235
+ to describe each photo you will need to use some
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:52,180 --> 00:27:58,460
1239
+ words more than once ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:58,460 --> 00:28:06,660
1243
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ exhaust ุชุจุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:28:06,660 --> 00:28:13,490
1247
+ broken ู†ูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด laminated glass ุงูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†Safety
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:28:13,490 --> 00:28:19,410
1251
+ glass ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง windscreen ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:28:19,410 --> 00:28:28,730
1255
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ูุชูุช ูƒูŠู ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุงุช
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:28:28,730 --> 00:28:35,410
1259
+ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ tiny pieces ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ toughened ูˆ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:28:35,410 --> 00:28:39,010
1263
+ tempered ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ safety
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:28:39,010 --> 00:28:44,380
1267
+ glass ู‡ุฐุง ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุดูƒู„ู‡ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ุนุงุฏูŠ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:28:44,380 --> 00:28:51,500
1271
+ ุงูŠูˆุฉ sharp edges ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ annealed glass ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:28:51,500 --> 00:28:56,740
1275
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:28:56,740 --> 00:29:01,000
1279
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:29:01,000 --> 00:29:07,060
1283
+ ุทูŠุจ ุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง water bullet proof glassุŸ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:29:07,060 --> 00:29:16,600
1287
+ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸุงุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ููŠู‡ุŸ ุทูŠุจุŒ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:29:16,600 --> 00:29:20,420
1291
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠ .. ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุงุŸ complete the article about
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:29:20,420 --> 00:29:24,320
1295
+ bulletproof glass for .. from a science and
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:29:24,320 --> 00:29:28,860
1299
+ technology magazine using words from B sometimes
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:29:28,860 --> 00:29:33,340
1303
+ more than one word is possible ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:29:33,340 --> 00:29:37,940
1307
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณ ุทุงู„ุน ุงุณู…ุนูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงูƒูŠู‡ุงbullet proof is
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:29:37,940 --> 00:29:41,420
1311
+ a loosely used word suggesting something is
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:29:41,420 --> 00:29:45,720
1315
+ totally unbreakable
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:49,980
1319
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ุจู‚ูˆู„ bullet proof ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:29:49,980 --> 00:29:56,760
1323
+ loosely used wordุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด looselyุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:29:56,760 --> 00:30:01,990
1327
+ slangูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ bullet proof
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:30:01,990 --> 00:30:08,870
1331
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู… ู„ู„ุฑุตุงุต ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:30:08,870 --> 00:30:14,090
1335
+ ู…ุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุชูˆุณุน ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุญุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:30:14,090 --> 00:30:19,650
1339
+ ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ุจุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ loosely used word ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:30:19,650 --> 00:30:24,930
1343
+ ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ููŠ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:30:24,930 --> 00:30:31,480
1347
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุงู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:30:31,480 --> 00:30:36,180
1351
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู†ุญูƒู… lose the use word ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:30:36,180 --> 00:30:41,460
1355
+ ุฃู†ุช ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:30:41,460 --> 00:30:47,560
1359
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุชุณู„ูŠู… ุงู†ุช ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ but
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:30:47,560 --> 00:30:53,300
1363
+ technicallyspeaking how accurate is the term
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:30:53,300 --> 00:30:58,440
1367
+ bullet proof glass ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฏู‰ ุฏู‚ุฉ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:06,070
1371
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ outside of Hollywood moviesCan glass
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:31:06,070 --> 00:31:10,950
1375
+ really stop bullets ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนูŠุฏุง ุนู† ุฃูู„ุงู… ู‡ูˆู„ูˆูˆูˆุฏ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:31:10,950 --> 00:31:17,910
1379
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฒ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุฑุตุงุตุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุง ุนู†
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:31:17,910 --> 00:31:23,730
1383
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุงู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง The answer is not on
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:31:23,730 --> 00:31:30,910
1387
+ its own but if several .. ุฅูŠุด .. if glass are
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:31:30,910 --> 00:31:37,520
1391
+ sandwich ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุŸLayers ุงูˆ sheets
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:31:37,520 --> 00:31:43,340
1395
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงุทูŠู†ุง ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฌุฒุงุฒ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:31:43,340 --> 00:31:46,740
1399
+ Sandwich
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:31:46,740 --> 00:31:51,140
1403
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุชุฌู…ุนุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ with a high strength
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:31:51,140 --> 00:31:58,460
1407
+ polymer ู…ุนู‡ polymer ุจู‚ูˆุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ to form ุงูŠุดุŸ a
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:31:58,460 --> 00:32:02,980
1411
+ glass to
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:32:02,980 --> 00:32:12,160
1415
+ formlaminated okay laminated glass ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุทูŠุจ ุฃู†ุง
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:32:12,160 --> 00:32:16,380
1419
+ ุนุงุฑู ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆุฏูŠุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุนูˆุฏูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง laminated
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:32:16,380 --> 00:32:18,740
1423
+ glass bullet resistance
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:26,000
1427
+ if not completely bullet proof barrier can be
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:31,400
1431
+ obtained ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุฌู…ุนู†ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ glass
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:36,520
1435
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ูˆููŠู‡ polymer ู‚ูˆูŠ plastic
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:32:36,520 --> 00:32:41,060
1439
+ ู‚ูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:32:41,060 --> 00:32:45,880
1443
+ ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด polymers ุจุณ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:45,880 --> 00:32:51,990
1447
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† glassุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฎููŠูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:32:51,990 --> 00:32:57,550
1451
+ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง .. ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ bullet proof ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ bullet
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:32:57,550 --> 00:32:59,270
1455
+ proof chest
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:33:02,100 --> 00:33:07,280
1459
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ chest jacket ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ bullet
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:07,280 --> 00:33:12,820
1463
+ proof glass ุงู„ glass ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:33:12,820 --> 00:33:16,800
1467
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ toughened ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ laminated
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:33:16,800 --> 00:33:23,120
1471
+ ูˆููŠู‡ ุทุจู‚ุงุช polymer ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ the
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:23,120 --> 00:33:26,520
1475
+ technology of sandwiching polymer and glass is
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:33,970
1479
+ nothing unusualcar windscreen are made by ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:33:33,970 --> 00:33:37,650
1483
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุฑุฑุชู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ bonding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ bonding ู„ู…ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:33:37,650 --> 00:33:43,270
1487
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ูŠุชู„ุฒุฌู‡ู… ุจุนุถ ุฃูˆ ูŠุชุญุฏูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ glass to a
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:33:43,270 --> 00:33:49,370
1491
+ polymer such as BVB ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ plastic
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:33:49,370 --> 00:33:54,910
1495
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠto form a type of safety glass unlike the
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:33:54,910 --> 00:33:58,990
1499
+ other main type of safety glass ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:33:58,990 --> 00:34:02,770
1503
+ toughened ุฃูˆ tempered glass ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:02,770 --> 00:34:08,410
1507
+ laminated glass remains intact on breaking ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:08,410 --> 00:34:14,850
1511
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ glass ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุชุชูุชูุช ู„ู…ุง ุงูŠุด ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:14,850 --> 00:34:19,950
1515
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ scattered ู„ู…ุง ุงูŠุด ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:34:19,950 --> 00:34:24,880
1519
+ breakingู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุถู„ ุงูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู†ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุงุฌุฒุงุฒ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:34:24,880 --> 00:34:31,380
1523
+ ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง together ูŠุนู†ูŠ intact .. intact ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง ูŠุนูŠุด
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:34:31,380 --> 00:34:33,580
1527
+ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:34:36,770 --> 00:34:41,770
1531
+ ุทูŠุจ intact if a stone hits a window screen even
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:34:41,770 --> 00:34:46,230
1535
+ though a small section of the glass on the outside
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:34:46,230 --> 00:34:50,750
1539
+ may crack, the polymer behind it will stop the
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:34:50,750 --> 00:34:54,730
1543
+ stone and also ensure the entire piece of glass
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:34:54,730 --> 00:35:02,660
1547
+ does not shatter ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชูุชุดุชุชูุชูุชุด ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:02,660 --> 00:35:06,520
1551
+ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ุจูŠุธู„ ุงู„ polymer ู…ุงุณูƒู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุถู…ู† ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:06,520 --> 00:35:13,960
1555
+ ู…ุง ูŠู†ูƒุณุฑุดbullet resistance
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:13,960 --> 00:35:18,540
1559
+ glass uses the same principle but must be much
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:35:18,540 --> 00:35:22,540
1563
+ tougher ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง bullet proof
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:35:22,540 --> 00:35:29,960
1567
+ glass a stronger polymer is therefore used often
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:35:29,960 --> 00:35:35,000
1571
+ polycarbonate as well as greater .. ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:35:35,000 --> 00:35:40,110
1575
+ ูุงุชุฉ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† polycarbonateู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:35:40,110 --> 00:35:44,950
1579
+ polymers ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูˆู‰ as well as
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:35:44,950 --> 00:35:52,050
1583
+ greater number of layers ุฃูˆ sheets of glass and
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:35:52,050 --> 00:35:55,890
1587
+ polymers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุจูŠุญุท
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:35:55,890 --> 00:36:00,070
1591
+ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ุด ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ polymers ุงู„ polymers
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:00,070 --> 00:36:04,890
1595
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ ู…ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:04,890 --> 00:36:10,140
1599
+ polymer carbonateู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠ ูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ููŠ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:36:10,140 --> 00:36:15,840
1603
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌุช ู„ู‡ ุฑุตุงุตุฉ ุจุชุญู…ู„ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:36:15,840 --> 00:36:21,740
1607
+ ุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุตุงุตุฉ ุฑุตุงุตุฉ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุฎุฒุบ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุด
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:36:21,740 --> 00:36:28,900
1611
+ ุจุณ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ uranium enriched bullets ู‡ุฐู‡
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:36:28,900 --> 00:36:35,360
1615
+ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ chapter 15
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:36:36,670 --> 00:36:43,750
1619
+ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุตู ุนู†ูƒู… ุฏุงุฎู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:36:43,750 --> 00:36:44,610
1623
+ ุณุชุงุดุฑ ูˆุณุจุนุฉ
1624
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/9QmZQ18Yl5w_postprocess.srt ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,770 --> 00:00:26,470
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ูƒุชุดู ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,470 --> 00:00:31,430
7
+ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,430 --> 00:00:32,250
11
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:32,250 --> 00:00:37,310
15
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:37,310 --> 00:00:41,470
19
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:41,470 --> 00:00:41,690
23
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:41,690 --> 00:00:45,710
27
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:45,710 --> 00:00:49,170
31
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:49,170 --> 00:00:54,080
35
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…design objectives if you look the webpage
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:54,080 --> 00:00:58,600
39
+ below is from a manufacturing company company's
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:58,600 --> 00:01:03,740
43
+ intranet ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ internet ูˆ ุงู„ intranetุŸ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:03,740 --> 00:01:10,680
47
+ ุญุฏ ุจุชุนุฑูุŸ ุงู„ internet ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ุตุญุŸ ุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:14,960
51
+ intranet ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:14,960 --> 00:01:22,060
55
+ intranet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุฉู…ุด ุจู€ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:22,060 --> 00:01:26,900
59
+ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:26,900 --> 00:01:32,220
63
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู€ Intranet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ..
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:32,220 --> 00:01:36,060
67
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Internet ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:36,060 --> 00:01:41,580
71
+ ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ู€ Intranet ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:41,580 --> 00:01:45,620
75
+ ุชุชูุฑุฌุชูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:45,620 --> 00:01:50,640
79
+ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุงุด ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ู€ Intranet ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:54,980
83
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุง ู…ุงูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:54,980 --> 00:01:58,400
87
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู‡ุง sharing fileุŒ objectivesุŒ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏูƒ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:58,400 --> 00:02:04,180
91
+ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ูู„ูŠุด ุงุชุทู„ุน company design
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:04,180 --> 00:02:08,100
95
+ procedureุŒ design brief ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ design
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:08,100 --> 00:02:13,360
99
+ briefุŒ ุตุญุŸุงู„ุฃู† ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ a design brief for the
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:13,360 --> 00:02:17,760
103
+ proposed product should be drawn up by the project
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:21,100
107
+ engineer ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ design brief ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ูุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:21,100 --> 00:02:27,420
111
+ proposed product ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุงู„ product ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠุด
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:27,420 --> 00:02:32,580
115
+ ุงู„ productุŸ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ูˆ ุงู„ proposed ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:32,580 --> 00:02:39,450
119
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ should be drawn up ุฅูŠุด drawn upุŸู„ุฃ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:39,450 --> 00:02:43,450
123
+ ู…ุด ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุงู†
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:43,450 --> 00:02:48,170
127
+ ุทู„ุนุช drawn up by the project engineer ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:48,170 --> 00:02:54,450
131
+ ุจุชุฌู…ุน ุงูˆ ุชุญุฏุฏ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุด ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:54,450 --> 00:02:59,810
135
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ุง okay ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ drawn up ู‡ูŠ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:59,810 --> 00:03:04,090
139
+ ุจุชููƒุฑ .. ุจุชุงุฎุฏ .. ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ูƒูƒู„ุฉ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:04,090 --> 00:03:09,830
143
+ ุจู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู… ุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู… ููŠู‡ุงthis should consist
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:09,830 --> 00:03:13,910
147
+ of a detailed list of technical objectives ุดุงูŠู ุงู„
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:13,910 --> 00:03:21,150
151
+ objective ุจุชุฑุชุณู… ูˆู„ุง ุจุชู… ุชุญุฏูŠุฏู‡ุงุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู drawn up
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:21,150 --> 00:03:23,410
155
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุญุฏุฏ determinant
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:28,020 --> 00:03:30,600
159
+ this should consist of a detailed list of
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:33,600
163
+ technical objectives which the design team must
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:33,600 --> 00:03:39,020
167
+ work to in order to produce a design solution ูŠุนู†ูŠ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:39,020 --> 00:03:43,780
171
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ constraints ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:43,780 --> 00:03:47,700
175
+ constraints ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:47,700 --> 00:03:51,480
179
+ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุชุฌ ุฃูŠ ุฅุดูŠ ุจุฏูŠุด ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุชุฌ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:51,480 --> 00:03:55,440
183
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู„ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู„ูƒู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:55,440 --> 00:04:00,390
187
+ ุฅุดูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉูู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุญุท ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:00,390 --> 00:04:05,050
191
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุญุท constraints
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:05,050 --> 00:04:11,270
195
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ to produce a design solution ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุญู„ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:11,270 --> 00:04:16,050
199
+ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ design objectives ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:16,050 --> 00:04:20,750
203
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ key elements of the design brief ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:20,750 --> 00:04:24,830
207
+ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช design brief function ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ functionุŸ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:26,980 --> 00:04:31,660
211
+ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุบุฑุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ product ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:31,660 --> 00:04:37,400
215
+ product ุงู„ product intended use ู„ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:44,180
219
+ intend ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… use ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… what is
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:44,180 --> 00:04:49,440
223
+ it is designed to do ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุตู…ู…ุฉ ู„ุชุนู…ู„ including
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:53,860
227
+ performance targets ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ performance targets
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:56,050 --> 00:04:59,970
231
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุฃุฏุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:59,970 --> 00:05:05,010
235
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ strength ุงู„ู…ุชุงู†ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑุด
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:05,010 --> 00:05:12,550
239
+ power ู‚ูˆุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ durability ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:12,550 --> 00:05:19,290
243
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ strength ู…ุชุงู†ุฉpower ู‚ูˆุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:19,290 --> 00:05:23,870
247
+ ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ durability ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:23,870 --> 00:05:28,730
251
+ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุบุงุจุฑุฉ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุŒ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:28,730 --> 00:05:32,730
255
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ูŠูˆุฌุนูˆู‡ุงุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุชุญู…ู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:32,730 --> 00:05:38,490
259
+ ุจุชุฎุฑุจุดุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูƒู„ ูƒุดุชุฑูŠุชู‡ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฑุฎูŠุตุฉุŒ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:38,490 --> 00:05:45,120
263
+ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฎุฑุจุงู†ุฉูู‰ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:45,120 --> 00:05:50,200
267
+ ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงุนู„ู‰ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:53,360
271
+ ูˆุฌุนุช ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุฒุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:57,840
275
+ ุงู„ู…ุชูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูุงู„ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:57,840 --> 00:06:02,120
279
+ ู‡ูŠ what it is intended for ุงูˆ what it is designed
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:02,120 --> 00:06:06,380
283
+ to do ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:06,380 --> 00:06:12,820
287
+ constraintsู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ ุญู„ูˆู„ ุชุดุชุบู„ ู„ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุจุชู†ูุน
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:12,820 --> 00:06:16,500
291
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุชุตุจุชุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:16,500 --> 00:06:20,740
295
+ constraints limit on the design for example it
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:20,740 --> 00:06:24,200
299
+ must not exceed a maximum size or weight limit
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:28,120
303
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณูˆูŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ remote ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:28,120 --> 00:06:33,860
307
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุจุทู„ remote ุตุญุŸ ุจุจุทู„ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠู„ู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:35,240 --> 00:06:39,960
311
+ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ูˆูˆุฒู†ู‡ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:44,920
315
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ steel ุชู‚ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ .. ู…ุงุณูƒ ูุชุฑุฉ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:49,620
319
+ ุจุชุชุนุจ ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ูู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠู ูˆุญุฌู…ู‡ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุจูŠู†ู…ุณูƒ ู‡ูŠู‡
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:49,620 --> 00:06:54,900
323
+ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฌู„ู… ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ .. ููƒู„
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:54,900 --> 00:06:59,260
327
+ ุฅุดูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ุง design ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู…ู… ุณุงุนุฉ ุจู†ูุนุด
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:59,260 --> 00:07:03,140
331
+ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฉูˆ ุณุงุนุช ุญู‚ุท ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡ุง ู…ุงุญุฏุด
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:03,140 --> 00:07:07,520
335
+ ููŠูƒูˆุง ู‡ูŠุดูˆูู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุจุฏู‡ ู†ุถูˆุฑ ูู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:07,520 --> 00:07:10,600
339
+ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠู
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:10,600 --> 00:07:15,300
343
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดุชุบู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:15,300 --> 00:07:17,440
347
+ constraints ุงู„ constraints ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:21,460
351
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดุชุฑูŠ ุฃูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุณุฃู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุตุงุฑ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:21,460 --> 00:07:26,710
355
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸู‚ุฏุงุดูŠ ุจุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุตุญุŸ ุตุฑู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:26,710 --> 00:07:30,710
359
+ ูุงู†ุช .. ู‡ุฐุง constraints ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุฃูŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:30,710 --> 00:07:35,530
363
+ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุจุฌูŠุจ ุฃุทู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุดูŠ ุจุชุณุญุจู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:35,530 --> 00:07:39,110
367
+ constraints ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู…ู… ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู…ู… ุจู‡ุฐุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:39,110 --> 00:07:44,050
371
+ comparative target ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ comparative ุงู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:44,050 --> 00:07:49,190
375
+ constraints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุญุฏุฏูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:49,190 --> 00:07:55,870
379
+ ุดุฑูˆุทุงู„ competitive targets ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ูŠุฉุŒ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:55,870 --> 00:07:59,430
383
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุงุฑู† ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:59,430 --> 00:08:03,310
387
+ ุจุงู†ูุนุด ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุญู‚ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู…ุณ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:03,310 --> 00:08:06,630
391
+ ุดูƒู„ุŒ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉ ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ุฃุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู†ู‡ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:06,630 --> 00:08:15,200
395
+ ู‡ุชู…ุดูŠุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุนุฑูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุฑุจู„ู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:19,560
399
+ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุฌูˆุชู‡ ู…ู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง how well the
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:19,560 --> 00:08:22,260
403
+ product should perform compared with existing
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:22,260 --> 00:08:28,380
407
+ models ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุจุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุฏุงุฆู‡ ู…ู‚ุงุฑุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:28,380 --> 00:08:32,780
411
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ existing models
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:32,780 --> 00:08:36,960
415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ competing product already
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:36,960 --> 00:08:40,880
419
+ in the market or the current model that the new
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:46,260
423
+ product will replaceูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:52,420
427
+ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ู‡ูŠ current competing product ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:52,420 --> 00:08:57,240
431
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุงู„ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุฃูˆ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:00,160
435
+ current model ุฃูˆ ุงู„ model ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ุฏุงุช ุงู„ new
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:04,240
439
+ product ูˆ ุงู„ replace ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:04,240 --> 00:09:08,740
443
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ู†ุชุฌ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:08,740 --> 00:09:15,540
447
+ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุจูŠุญู‚ู‚ุด ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฒูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:15,540 --> 00:09:19,380
451
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ Pepsi ูˆ Coca Cola ููŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:19,380 --> 00:09:24,400
455
+ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูƒู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุญุณู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:28,720
459
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:28,720 --> 00:09:33,560
463
+ ู…ุงู‚ุจู„ุชุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูู†ูุณ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:33,560 --> 00:09:37,960
467
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… Windowsู…ุด ูƒู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:37,960 --> 00:09:43,000
471
+ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุฑุชุงุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ุณุฎ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุถู„ูƒ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:46,380
475
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู† ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจุฑูˆูƒ ุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:46,380 --> 00:09:50,540
479
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:50,540 --> 00:09:55,580
483
+ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชุญุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ ..
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:55,580 --> 00:10:00,480
487
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง as ููŠ ุงู„ design brief ุชุจุนุงุช
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:00,480 --> 00:10:01,880
491
+ ุงู„ element ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:05,300 --> 00:10:10,260
495
+ design features ุงูŠุด ุงู„ design features ุงูŠุด
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:10,260 --> 00:10:15,520
499
+ features ุงู„ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:15,520 --> 00:10:18,320
503
+ ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒ specific things that the new design must
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:24,080
507
+ have for example rechargeable battery a led with a
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:24,080 --> 00:10:29,380
511
+ lock ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ lock ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงูˆ ู‚ูู„ ูˆุงู„ led
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:29,380 --> 00:10:33,120
515
+ ุบุทุงูŠุฉ ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุจุฏู‡ ุบุทุงูŠุฉ ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:33,120 --> 00:10:38,400
519
+ ุจุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒูŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ุงุช
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:38,400 --> 00:10:43,900
523
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒู„ ุฌูˆุงู„ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุนู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:43,900 --> 00:10:49,890
527
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุตุญ ุชุฎู„ูŠูƒูŠ ุชุฑู…ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุฌุฏูŠุฏู…ู† ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:49,890 --> 00:10:54,530
531
+ design ู…ู† ุงู„ application ู…ู† ุงู„ operating system ุงู„
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:54,530 --> 00:11:01,290
535
+ bandwidth ุชุจุนู‡ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ู…ุฑูŠ ู…ูŠุฒุงุช
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:01,290 --> 00:11:04,590
539
+ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู‡ุง ู„ activity
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:04,590 --> 00:11:09,410
543
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ููŠู‡ new features ุนุงุฏุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:09,410 --> 00:11:13,090
547
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงุดูŠ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุญุธู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:13,090 --> 00:11:16,870
551
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ุงุชู…ู† ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ features ุฒุงุฏุช
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:16,870 --> 00:11:20,670
555
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:20,670 --> 00:11:27,730
559
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:27,730 --> 00:11:33,790
563
+ communication system ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฌูˆุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:33,790 --> 00:11:40,340
567
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุฎุตู†ุงู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชูƒ ู„ู„ homework ู„ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:40,340 --> 00:11:43,540
571
+ ู‡ูˆ communication and computer center ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:43,540 --> 00:11:47,080
575
+ ุฌูˆุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:47,080 --> 00:11:52,120
579
+ ุฅุดูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ budget ุฅูŠุด
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:56,940
583
+ ุงู„ budgetุŸ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ cost limit
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:56,940 --> 00:12:00,580
587
+ that must not be exceeded in order to make the
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:00,580 --> 00:12:06,300
591
+ designed cost effective ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุชุจุนูŠdo
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:06,300 --> 00:12:13,660
595
+ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ cost effective ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:13,660 --> 00:12:18,600
599
+ ุฌุฏูˆุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฌูŠุด ุงุฌูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:24,200
603
+ ุซู…ู†ู‡ุง ุบุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุฑุฉ ุจุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุงูˆ ู…ู‚ุงุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:24,200 --> 00:12:27,980
607
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุงู‚ุจุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจู‚ู„ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญุตู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:27,980 --> 00:12:31,560
611
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠุจ ุจุฏูŠ ู†ุฒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:31,560 --> 00:12:36,850
615
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุณุนุฑู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุงู„ุฒุจุงูŠู† ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุบู„ุงู„ุŒ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:36,850 --> 00:12:40,550
619
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงูŠุงู‡ ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู„ุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุŒ ุชุจุนูŠู†
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:40,550 --> 00:12:43,770
623
+ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุชุณู†ูŠู† ุดุงูุชุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู„ุง ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:43,770 --> 00:12:48,490
627
+ ู†ุงุณ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุนุŒ ุฃุณูˆูŠุŒ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงุฑู ุฃุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:48,490 --> 00:12:52,630
631
+ ุฅูŠุดุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ mass production ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:52,630 --> 00:12:56,310
635
+ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุดุฆ ู„ู„ูƒู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุง
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:59,340 --> 00:13:03,940
639
+ ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ design objectives ุดูู†ุง ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:03,940 --> 00:13:07,620
643
+ design objectives ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ design brief ู…ุธุจูˆุท
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:07,620 --> 00:13:11,460
647
+ ุดูู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ design
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:11,460 --> 00:13:15,140
651
+ calculation ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุณุจุงุช design
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:15,140 --> 00:13:18,920
655
+ information is shown on a drawing and written in
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:18,920 --> 00:13:22,780
659
+ specifications ุงู„ design information ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:22,780 --> 00:13:29,260
663
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู…ุงุชูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:29,260 --> 00:13:35,560
667
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ specificationุŸ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุชุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:35,560 --> 00:13:41,600
671
+ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุณู†ุฉ ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ุจูƒุฑุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุชุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุฃูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:45,480
675
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงุทู„ุน ุงู„ specification sheet ู„ุชุดูˆููŠ ุฅูŠุด
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:45,480 --> 00:13:49,640
679
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฃูˆ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:53,880
683
+ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทู‡ุงุŒ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:53,880 --> 00:13:57,600
687
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู†ุŒ ุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:57,600 --> 00:14:02,740
691
+ ุดุฑูŠุชูŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุฃูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุŸ ุจูุชุญ ุงู„ specification
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:02,740 --> 00:14:06,600
695
+ sheetุŒ ุชูุชุญุชู‡ุŒ ู…ุด ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนู‡ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ุฏู„ูŠู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:06,600 --> 00:14:11,240
699
+ ุจุชูุชุญูŠู‡ุŒ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชููƒุฑูˆุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุชุจู‡ุŸ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:11,240 --> 00:14:16,230
703
+ ุฃู†ุชู…ุŒ ู…ุด ุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠุงู„ู€ engineers ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ design
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:19,910
707
+ specifications documents which describe the
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:23,950
711
+ materials, sizes and technical requirements of the
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:23,950 --> 00:14:27,450
715
+ components ู„ุฃู† specification ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ design ู…ุด
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:27,450 --> 00:14:30,910
719
+ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ final product ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:30,910 --> 00:14:35,710
723
+ ู„ู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุงุช ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตู…ู…ูˆุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:35,710 --> 00:14:41,900
727
+ ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ material ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฃุญุฌุงู…
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:41,900 --> 00:14:45,920
731
+ and technical requirement of the components ูŠู…ูƒู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:45,920 --> 00:14:51,580
735
+ ุฃุจุณุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุจูŠุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุญุฏุฏ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:51,580 --> 00:14:55,980
739
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุซู…ูƒู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:56,940 --> 00:15:03,080
743
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฃุญุฌุงู… ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฏุงู† ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูˆูŠู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:03,080 --> 00:15:08,320
747
+ ูŠุฑุจุท ุตู„ูˆูƒ ูˆูŠู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃุณุงูˆุฑ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:08,320 --> 00:15:12,860
751
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุทุฉ ู…ูุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ mechanical ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงู„ electrical
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:12,860 --> 00:15:16,520
755
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ components ูˆู‚ุฏุงุด ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:16,520 --> 00:15:21,060
759
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ specification ุนุดุงู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุฃู†ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:21,060 --> 00:15:24,620
763
+ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุตู…ู… ูŠุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:24,620 --> 00:15:30,450
767
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„in order to specify this detailed
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:30,450 --> 00:15:38,550
771
+ information an engineer must evaluate ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:38,550 --> 00:15:44,790
775
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆุตู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ูŠุฉ an engineer must
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:44,790 --> 00:15:51,410
779
+ evaluate ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ evaluateุŸ ูŠู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸุฅูŠุด ูŠู‚ูŠู…
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:51,410 --> 00:15:55,470
783
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ this is identify and calculate ู…ุนู†ู‰
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:55,470 --> 00:16:02,690
787
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชุนุฑู ูˆูŠุญุฏุฏ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:02,690 --> 00:16:08,710
791
+ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ูˆูŠุญุณุจ ู‡ูŠ evaluate ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุฏุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุดูˆ ุงู„ loads ูˆ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:08,710 --> 00:16:12,790
795
+ ุงู„ loads ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด forces ููŠ ุงู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:12,790 --> 00:16:17,410
799
+ mechanical ุงู„ loads ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด forces ููŠ ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:17,410 --> 00:16:21,590
803
+ mechanical engineeringุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ static ูˆ ุงู„ dynamic
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:21,590 --> 00:16:25,610
807
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง .. ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ .. ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุนู…ุงุฑุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:25,610 --> 00:16:29,510
811
+ ู‡ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ .. ู…ุงุฏุชูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ static ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:29,510 --> 00:16:35,390
815
+ dynamics ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ุน ุงู„ forces ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุฑุช
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:35,390 --> 00:16:39,330
819
+ ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ loadsุŸ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:39,330 --> 00:16:44,090
823
+ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุŸ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ุฒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุช .. ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ..
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:44,090 --> 00:16:49,110
827
+ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… .. ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:49,110 --> 00:16:53,570
831
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:53,570 --> 00:16:58,630
835
+ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆ ูŠุญุณุจู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุทูˆุงุช
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:58,630 --> 00:17:02,130
839
+ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ that key components will have to carry ุงู„ุขู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:02,130 --> 00:17:06,810
843
+ ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ุดูŠุก ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุญู…ู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถู…ู† ุฃู†
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:06,810 --> 00:17:09,750
847
+ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ components ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:09,750 --> 00:17:15,140
851
+ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ุตุญุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฏุฑุฌ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:15,140 --> 00:17:20,480
855
+ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุนุดุฑ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:24,560
859
+ ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุนุฏุฏ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:30,720
863
+ ุงู„ุญู…ูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุฌูˆุฒุช ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠุŸ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:35,680
867
+ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุณูˆูŠุฑ ูˆุงู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุชุดุชุบู„ุด ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ safety
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:40,080
871
+ ู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ู†ุญู† ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ูู‡ูˆ .. ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:40,080 --> 00:17:44,660
875
+ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุจุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ู‚ุทุน ูˆ ูŠุฌุนุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:44,660 --> 00:17:50,040
879
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงู…ู„ู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ design ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูู‡ูˆ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:55,220
883
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดูˆููŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ to do this the
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:55,220 --> 00:18:00,360
887
+ engineer needs to determine to determine ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:00,360 --> 00:18:07,900
891
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ identify the different loads then
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:07,900 --> 00:18:14,780
895
+ quantify them ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด quantify themุŸ ููŠู‡ qualify
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:14,780 --> 00:18:21,800
899
+ ูˆ quantify ุงู„ qualitative ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูŠูƒู…ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุญุฏุฏ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:28,540
903
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ quantify ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏcalculate them in
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:28,540 --> 00:18:35,280
907
+ number form ูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ quantified usually each
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:35,280 --> 00:18:39,540
911
+ load is quantified based on a worst case scenario
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:39,540 --> 00:18:45,960
915
+ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ worst case scenarioุŸ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:45,960 --> 00:18:51,740
919
+ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุตู…ู… ุฃูŠ ุงุดูŠ ุจุชุตู…ู…ูŠุด ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู„ูŠู‡ุŸุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:51,740 --> 00:18:58,280
923
+ ุจุชุตู…ู…ุŸ ู„ุฃ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุบู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุงุช ูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:03,040
927
+ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุจู†ุตุทู„ุน ุนูŠุด ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ู…ุด
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:03,040 --> 00:19:07,280
931
+ ุจุณ ุจู†ุณูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู„ูŠุดุŸ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:07,280 --> 00:19:12,080
935
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ safety ุฃู‡ู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:17,060
939
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุนูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฑุณ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุฏุฑุณ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:17,060 --> 00:19:20,680
943
+ ุณู†ูŠู† ุจุชุฎู„ูŠูƒ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุงุชุฑูˆุญ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุนูŠู†ูƒ ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุบู„ุท ูˆ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:20,680 --> 00:19:25,340
947
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฃุฐูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุชุนู…ู„ุด ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:25,340 --> 00:19:30,390
951
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุณูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุชุจุนู†ุงwe breed
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:30,390 --> 00:19:35,570
955
+ safetyุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุจุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ safety ุชุจุนุช
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:35,570 --> 00:19:43,570
959
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุบู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุทูŠุจ usually each load is
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:43,570 --> 00:19:47,390
963
+ quantified based on a worst case scenario in other
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:47,390 --> 00:19:50,750
967
+ words engineer will .. the engineer will allow for
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:50,750 --> 00:19:56,250
971
+ maximum load ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณู…ุญ allow for ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ุฅูŠุด
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:56,250 --> 00:20:03,210
975
+ ุงู„ maximum load ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุญู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู†
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:03,670 --> 00:20:08,310
979
+ such as an aircraft making a very hard landing
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:08,310 --> 00:20:16,730
983
+ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุฅุด ููŠู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:16,730 --> 00:20:21,030
987
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸHard Landing ุฃูˆ Crash
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:21,030 --> 00:20:26,230
991
+ Landing ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูˆุงุณุชุถุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ูƒูŠู
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:26,230 --> 00:20:30,210
995
+ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ุŸ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ approach ุงู„ ground ูˆ ู„ู…ุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:30,210 --> 00:20:32,910
999
+ ุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ ground ุจุชู†ุฒู„ smooth ูˆ ุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:32,910 --> 00:20:38,590
1003
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู„ุญุฏูŠู† ุชุชูˆุทู‰ ู„ุญุฏูŠู† ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:38,590 --> 00:20:42,370
1007
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุทู‰ ุฒูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:42,370 --> 00:20:47,000
1011
+ ูˆ ุชุฑุชุทู… ุงุฑุชุทุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆ ุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุชุฒุญู„ุฌู‡ุฐุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:50,900
1015
+ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง crash landing ุงูˆ hard landing ู‡ุฐุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:50,900 --> 00:20:55,160
1019
+ ุจุชุญุตู„ ูˆู‚ุชูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ.ุงู„ุงู† ุชุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:55,160 --> 00:20:59,620
1023
+ ุงุนู…ู„ุŸ ู…ุฏู‡ุงุด ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชุชู‚ุณู… ุงูˆ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ู„ pieces ูุงู„
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:59,620 --> 00:21:03,540
1027
+ design ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:03,540 --> 00:21:07,720
1031
+ design ุงู† ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชุธู„ one piece ูˆ ุงู„ passenger
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:12,340
1035
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงุณูŠ ูˆ ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ู„ู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:12,340 --> 00:21:18,840
1039
+ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ ..ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุฎููŠู ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:18,840 --> 00:21:25,020
1043
+ ุชุตู…ูŠู…ู†ุง ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุงุช ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ or a
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:25,020 --> 00:21:29,040
1047
+ bridge being hit by extremely high winds ุทู„ุนูˆุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:29,040 --> 00:21:33,600
1051
+ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุตู…ู… ุฌุณุฑุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ุฃุฌุงู„ู‡ ุฑูŠุญุŒ ุฅูŠุด
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:33,600 --> 00:21:40,830
1055
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุณูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ููŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:40,830 --> 00:21:44,090
1059
+ ุนุฏุฉ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:44,090 --> 00:21:48,750
1063
+ suspended bridges ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุณูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:48,750 --> 00:21:53,430
1067
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู† ุฎุดุจ ุงูˆ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ุดุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:53,430 --> 00:21:56,970
1071
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุดูˆูุชูˆุง ุงุฐุง ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒูˆุง ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:56,970 --> 00:22:01,950
1075
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุณุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู† ูƒุจุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:01,950 --> 00:22:06,270
1079
+ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏุงุช ุจุณู„ูˆูƒ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:06,270 --> 00:22:11,670
1083
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฌุจู„ูŠู†
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:11,670 --> 00:22:15,490
1087
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ูƒุจุงุฑ ูˆุนู„ูŠุงุช ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:15,490 --> 00:22:19,030
1091
+ suspended bridge ุงู„ bridge ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุฑุชูุนุช ููŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:19,030 --> 00:22:24,170
1095
+ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุงู„ุงู†
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:24,170 --> 00:22:28,130
1099
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดุฏูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:28,130 --> 00:22:33,910
1103
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฌุณูˆุฑุฉูŠู…ูƒู† ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุงุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠุŒ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:33,910 --> 00:22:37,350
1107
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุดุงุจู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:37,350 --> 00:22:41,650
1111
+ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌุงู„ู†ุง high winds ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:41,650 --> 00:22:46,170
1115
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุณุฑุนุชู‡ุงุŒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุงุดูŠ 40
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:46,170 --> 00:22:52,240
1119
+ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉุŒ ุจุชุตู…ู…ูŠุด ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ 40ุจุฏูŠูƒ ุชุตู…ู…
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:52,240 --> 00:22:55,580
1123
+ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุฃุฌุชู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒุฏุงุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตูŠุฑ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:55,580 --> 00:22:59,240
1127
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชุตู…ูŠู…ูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌุช
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:59,240 --> 00:23:04,280
1131
+ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฑูŠุญ ููŠ ุถุฑู ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงูˆ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ุงูˆ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:04,280 --> 00:23:08,040
1135
+ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ูƒู„ู‡ูŠุชู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:08,040 --> 00:23:13,800
1139
+ ุบุฑู‚ุช ุบุฒุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู… ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ ุจุตุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠูƒ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:18,240
1143
+ ุชุตู…ู…ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู…ู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุตู…ู…ู‡ุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:18,240 --> 00:23:23,380
1147
+ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุงู„ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู…ุด ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:23,380 --> 00:23:27,280
1151
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌุชู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุชุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:31,440
1155
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ allow for maximum load or worst
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:37,880
1159
+ case scenario ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ after
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:41,400
1163
+ maximum load have been quantified an engineer will
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:23:41,400 --> 00:23:46,340
1167
+ apply a factor of safety ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ุญุฏุฏุช ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:23:46,340 --> 00:23:50,570
1171
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุถูŠู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูƒู…ุงู†ูƒู„ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู†ุง ููŠ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:23:50,570 --> 00:23:53,950
1175
+ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุงุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:23:53,950 --> 00:23:58,290
1179
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุชุทู„ุน ู„ู„ุชุณู„ูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:23:58,290 --> 00:24:02,730
1183
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:02,730 --> 00:24:10,190
1187
+ ุจุฏู‰ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุชุจุนู‡
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:10,190 --> 00:24:14,130
1191
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุท ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ู…ู„ูŠุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:14,130 --> 00:24:19,780
1195
+ ุจุชุถูŠู ุชูƒู„ูุฉุจุณ ููŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ safety ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌู‰
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:19,780 --> 00:24:24,000
1199
+ ุฒู„ุฒุงู„ ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฒู„ุฒุงู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:27,960
1203
+ ููŠ ู‚ุตู ูŠุง ุฌู†ุจูƒ ูŠุง ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจูƒ ูุจูŠู‡ุฒ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:33,700
1207
+ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ูุงู†ุช ูุฏูƒ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฒุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:24:33,700 --> 00:24:40,660
1211
+ ุงูŠุด factor safety ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูˆ safety margin ุจู†ุถูŠู
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:24:40,660 --> 00:24:47,180
1215
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู†ู‡ุง this is an extra margin to make
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:24:47,180 --> 00:24:50,600
1219
+ the components strong enough to carry loads that
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:24:50,600 --> 00:24:53,920
1223
+ are higher than the worst case scenario ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:59,200
1227
+ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุชุญู…ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:02,940
1231
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ maximum ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุจุณ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:02,940 --> 00:25:07,900
1235
+ ู„ูˆ ุงุชุนุฏู‰ ุชุญุตู„ุด ุฅุดูŠ ุตุญุŸ ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ุนู„ุจุฉ ู„ุจู† ุฅูŠุด
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:07,900 --> 00:25:13,200
1239
+ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง? expiration date ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:18,640
1243
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุจูŠูˆู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉุŒ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ุชู„ุงุฌุงุช ุดุบุงู„ุฉุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:18,640 --> 00:25:21,660
1247
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ู…ุงุญุตู„ุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฅุดูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:21,660 --> 00:25:25,000
1251
+ ุฎุฏุชูŠู†ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ูƒู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:28,800
1255
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง expiration dateุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:32,540
1259
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุณุช ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:25:32,540 --> 00:25:38,120
1263
+ expiration date ุตุงู„ุญุฉุฃุฏูˆูŠุงุชู†ุง ูŠุงู„ุง ูŠุงู„ุง ุจุชุญุตู„ ..
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:25:38,120 --> 00:25:41,800
1267
+ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฌู„ ุซู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:25:41,800 --> 00:25:46,800
1271
+ ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุถุงูŠู„ู‡ุง ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุดู‡ุฑ ูˆ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:25:46,800 --> 00:25:51,780
1275
+ ุชุฎู„ุต ุตู„ุงุญูŠุชู‡ุง ูุดูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูุงุญู†ุง ุฃูŠุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุณูˆูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:25:51,780 --> 00:25:57,040
1279
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูู„ุฃ ู„ู‚ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:25:57,040 --> 00:26:01,740
1283
+ factor of safety ุฃูˆ safety margins ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญุฉ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:01,740 --> 00:26:07,900
1287
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ูุงูƒุชุฑู‡ 1.5 ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:12,520
1291
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุญู…ู„ 50% ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ูƒุงู†
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:12,520 --> 00:26:16,580
1295
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูุงูƒุชุฑู‡ ููŠู‡ุŒ ูุฅู†ุฌู†ูŠุฑ ุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:16,580 --> 00:26:21,200
1299
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุชุฎูŠู„ ุตู…ูŠู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:28,340
1303
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒุชุฑู‡ ุจุฃู…ุงู†ุŒ ูุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู†ูŠุฑ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุตู…ูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:28,340 --> 00:26:32,380
1307
+ ูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:32,960 --> 00:26:36,080
1311
+ ูุงู†ุช ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ worst case scenario
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:26:36,080 --> 00:26:41,120
1315
+ ุจุถูŠูู„ู‡ ุงูŠุด factor of safety ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:26:41,120 --> 00:26:46,160
1319
+ ุงุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุณูˆุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงูˆ ุซู…ูƒู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:26:46,160 --> 00:26:51,300
1323
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ size engineers ุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:26:51,300 --> 00:26:54,940
1327
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุถูŠู ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:26:54,940 --> 00:27:00,890
1331
+ ู‡ุถูŠูุŸุชูƒู„ูุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง engineers are
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:00,890 --> 00:27:04,870
1335
+ sometimes .. sometimes criticized because they
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:04,870 --> 00:27:11,650
1339
+ over design things over design ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุญุทู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:11,650 --> 00:27:16,710
1343
+ ู…ู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุทู„ุนู‡ ู„ุฃูŠ ุญุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุฆุท
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:16,710 --> 00:27:21,170
1347
+ ุทุจูŠุนุงุช ุจูŠูˆุช ู†ู‡ุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ ุจุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุทู‡
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:21,170 --> 00:27:29,330
1351
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:29,330 --> 00:27:35,110
1355
+ ุฑุฃูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃุฌุช ุจ .. ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ููŠ ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ ..
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:35,110 --> 00:27:40,770
1359
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ efficient
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:27:40,770 --> 00:27:47,450
1363
+ energy buildingsุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุงุŸ ููŠ ุจุชู†ุญุท ููŠู‡ุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:27:47,450 --> 00:27:51,610
1367
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ ู…ุด ุญุฌุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠููŠ ..
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:27:51,610 --> 00:27:55,910
1371
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฒู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฌุฑ ุฃุจูˆ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:27:55,910 --> 00:28:01,030
1375
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจู†ุญุท ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูŠุง ูุงู„ูŠู† ูŠุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฒู„ุฉ ุทุจ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:01,030 --> 00:28:05,070
1379
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุง ุฌูˆุง ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณูˆุงุก
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:05,070 --> 00:28:10,550
1383
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฏุงููŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู ุจุงุฑุฏ ู„ุฅู† ุจุชุนุฒู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:10,550 --> 00:28:15,760
1387
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:15,760 --> 00:28:20,080
1391
+ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠุจู†ูˆู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:23,560
1395
+ ุจูŠุจู†ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠุญุทูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฏ ุงุฏู†ู‰
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:23,560 --> 00:28:27,240
1399
+ ุจูŠุณูŠุจูˆุง ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠุณูŠุจูˆุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุงู†ุชุง ุงูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:32,360
1403
+ ูุฑุงุบ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฌุฑูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุงุฒู„ุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠุญุทูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:32,360 --> 00:28:36,520
1407
+ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ุณู‡ ุฃูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู…ู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:42,040
1411
+ ุจุฑุง ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุนุฒู„ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุณ ููŠ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:42,040 --> 00:28:49,160
1415
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉุฃุญุณู† .. ุฃุญุณู† .. ุจุณ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ููŠ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:28:49,160 --> 00:28:53,040
1419
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณูƒู† ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:58,780
1423
+ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู‚ุตุงุฑุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุญุฌุฑ ู‚ุฏุณูŠุŸ ุงู„ุงู‚ุตุงุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุฎุต ุจุณ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:28:58,780 --> 00:29:04,020
1427
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณูŠ ุฃุญุณู† ุจุนุฒู„ ูƒู„ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠุน ุนู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุจุณ ..
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:04,020 --> 00:29:08,040
1431
+ ูˆูƒู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนุฒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:08,040 --> 00:29:12,400
1435
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุชุงูƒู„ูˆุง ูุนู„ุงู„ู…ุง ุชูƒู„ูุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:16,520
1439
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ูู‡ูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… engineers are sometimes criticized
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:16,520 --> 00:29:19,660
1443
+ because they over design thing and excessive
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:19,660 --> 00:29:25,440
1447
+ factor of safety ุจุถูŠููˆุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:32,220
1451
+ which increases costs ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ู‡ุชุฒูŠุฏ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:32,220 --> 00:29:36,140
1455
+ however according to Murphy's law ุนุฑููˆุง ุฅูŠุด
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:36,140 --> 00:29:42,570
1459
+ Murphy's law ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุญู‚ู‡ู…ูŠุฑูุฒ ู„ุงูˆุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:42,570 --> 00:29:48,730
1463
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุณูŠุฆุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุญุตู„ ุงุชูˆู‚ุนูŠ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:29:48,730 --> 00:29:55,230
1467
+ ู‡ุชุญุตู„ ู‡ุชุญุตู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ูŠุฑูุฒ ู„ุงูˆุด anything can go wrong
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:29:55,230 --> 00:30:00,710
1471
+ will go wrong ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุชุชูˆู‚ุนูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:00,710 --> 00:30:04,870
1475
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุงุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฑูŠุตุฉ ุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:04,870 --> 00:30:09,390
1479
+ homework ุชุจุนูƒุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูƒ ูˆ ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุญุงุทู‡ ุฒูŠ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:09,390 --> 00:30:13,570
1483
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุน ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูˆ ู…ุด ุฌุงูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ุŒ ุงู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:13,570 --> 00:30:17,870
1487
+ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจุงุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:17,870 --> 00:30:21,490
1491
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ุต ุงู„ .. ุงู„ presentation ุชุจุนุชูŠ ูˆ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:21,490 --> 00:30:26,670
1495
+ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ .. ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุถุงูŠู„ู‡ุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ .. ุฅูŠุด .. ุจุณ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:26,670 --> 00:30:30,030
1499
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุทุน .. ุฃุถุฑุจ .. ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ .. ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญุฏ ุชููƒุฑ ุจุฅูŠู‡ ุฏู‡
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:30,030 --> 00:30:34,770
1503
+ ุจุชู‚ุทุน .. ู‡ุงูŠ Murphy's Law .. ุงู†ู‡ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ..
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:30:34,770 --> 00:30:38,070
1507
+ ู‡ุงูŠ .. ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุฅู„ูˆ ููŠุด ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ .. ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:30:38,070 --> 00:30:39,450
1511
+ Murphy's Law .. ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† Murphy
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:30:42,430 --> 00:30:46,530
1515
+ ูู‡ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงุชูˆู‚ุนู‰ ูŠุนู†ู‰
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:30:46,530 --> 00:30:51,170
1519
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุฃุตุนุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ูˆ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:30:51,170 --> 00:30:56,410
1523
+ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุญุชู‰ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ .. ู„ุฃ ุญุชู‰ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุฃู†ุง
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:30:56,410 --> 00:31:00,950
1527
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ู‰ ุจุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ document ูˆ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:00,950 --> 00:31:06,210
1531
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆ ู…ู†ุงุด ูุฑูŠู‚ู‰ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:06,210 --> 00:31:09,150
1535
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุจุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ computer ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู†
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:09,150 --> 00:31:12,390
1539
+ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุŒ ุชุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู† ุงู„ computer .. ู…ุงุชุชูˆู‚ุนุด ุฃู† ุงู„
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:12,390 --> 00:31:14,770
1543
+ computer ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ูุฌุฃุฉ ุจุชุดูˆู ุฃู† ุงู„ computer
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:31:14,770 --> 00:31:19,890
1547
+ ุถุงุฑุจุŒ ู .. ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู…ุง .. ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:31:19,890 --> 00:31:24,010
1551
+ ุงู„ due date ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูƒุฑุงุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณู„ู…ูŠุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ุง .. ุจุฏูƒ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:31:24,010 --> 00:31:29,910
1555
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุฏูˆู† ุนุฌู„ุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ู‡ุทูŠุจุŒ this
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:31:29,910 --> 00:31:33,270
1559
+ suggests that built-in phrases and expressions
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:31:33,270 --> 00:31:37,530
1563
+ often used in engineering based on the safest
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:31:37,530 --> 00:31:41,150
1567
+ method to hold up a trouser is a sensible
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:31:41,150 --> 00:31:44,170
1571
+ approachุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูŠุฑููŠุฒ ู„ูˆู‡ุŒ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:31:44,170 --> 00:31:48,610
1575
+ ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุชุทู„ุนูˆุงุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู…ุง ุชู„ุจุณ ุจู†ุทู„ูˆู† ุนุดุงู† ุชุถู…ู†ูˆุง ู…ุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:31:48,610 --> 00:31:55,050
1579
+ ูŠุณุญู„ุดุŒ ุฃูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸุจุชุญุทูˆุง ูƒุดุงุทุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:31:55,050 --> 00:31:59,150
1583
+ .. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุงุŒ ููŠ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:31:59,150 --> 00:32:02,990
1587
+ ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุงุŒ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ุณุนุจูŠุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู†
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:32:02,990 --> 00:32:07,510
1591
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฑุจุทุงุช ุชุจุนุงุช
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:32:07,510 --> 00:32:11,770
1595
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุทู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุงุชุŒ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุญุทูˆู‡ุง ู„ู„ุตุบุงุฑุŒ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:32:11,770 --> 00:32:16,430
1599
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุจุชุญุท .. ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุงุช ู„ู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุนุดุงู†
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:32:16,430 --> 00:32:21,330
1603
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู…ุง ูŠุณุญู„ุด ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉุŒ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:32:21,330 --> 00:32:25,690
1607
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท built-in
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:32:25,690 --> 00:32:31,510
1611
+ braces ุงูƒุดุงุช ูˆุญู…ู„ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุจู†ุทุงู„ูˆ ู…ุงูŠุณุญู„ุดุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:32:31,510 --> 00:32:35,750
1615
+ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ design ุชุจุนู†ุง ููŠ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:32:35,750 --> 00:32:41,630
1619
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญู„ุงุช ู…ุงูŠุญุตู„ุด ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠู‡ุŒ ูุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุญุงุฌุฉ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:32:41,630 --> 00:32:47,390
1623
+ ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงูƒุดุงุช ูˆุญู…ู„ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ designูƒูˆูŠุณ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:32:47,390 --> 00:32:51,410
1627
+ ุชุตุจุท ู…ุน ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงูŠู„ุญู‚ู†ุงุด ู…ูŠุฑููŠุฒ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูŠุญุตู„ุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:32:51,410 --> 00:32:57,690
1631
+ ูุจู†ุญุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงู†ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ expression often used in
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:32:57,690 --> 00:33:01,730
1635
+ engineering based on the safest method for holding
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:33:01,730 --> 00:33:06,110
1639
+ up a treasure ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู…ุงู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุจู†ุทู„ูˆู†
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:33:06,110 --> 00:33:11,150
1643
+ ู…ุงูŠุณุญู„ุด ุชุญุท ุงู„ุดุงุท ุฌูˆูŠ ูˆ ุญู…ู„ุงุช ุฎู„ุงุต ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุฏ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:33:11,150 --> 00:33:16,310
1647
+ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงู„ูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณุญู„ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุณุญู„ุทูŠุจ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:33:16,310 --> 00:33:23,650
1651
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ is a sensible approach, ุฅูŠุด sensibleุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:33:23,650 --> 00:33:31,300
1655
+ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุŒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:33:31,300 --> 00:33:35,300
1659
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ complete the sentences from technical
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:33:35,300 --> 00:33:39,160
1663
+ conversation using the words in the box ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:33:39,160 --> 00:33:41,940
1667
+ .. ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ words ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ budget,
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:33:42,760 --> 00:33:46,920
1671
+ constraints, cost of effective design exceed
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:51,560
1675
+ existing function feature proposed of course money
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:33:51,560 --> 00:33:57,750
1679
+ is limited ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุงุดูŠ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:33:57,750 --> 00:34:05,550
1683
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‰ bank ู…ูุชูˆุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง cost limitations are
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:34:05,550 --> 00:34:12,580
1687
+ always ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ cost ุงูŠุดุŸ cost limitationุฃูŠูˆุฉ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:34:12,580 --> 00:34:17,600
1691
+ ุงู„ cost limitation ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠ .. is .. is always a
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:34:17,600 --> 00:34:22,320
1695
+ constraint ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุชุนุฏ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:34:22,320 --> 00:34:26,680
1699
+ constraint ููŠ ุฃูŠ design ู„ุฃู† ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฑูˆุญูŠ ุตู…ู…ูŠ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:34:26,680 --> 00:34:32,100
1703
+ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด .. ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:34:32,100 --> 00:34:37,350
1707
+ ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู‡ู„ู‚ุฏ ุตุญุŸ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:34:37,350 --> 00:34:40,870
1711
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃู†ุง ุญุฏูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ู„ู‚ุฏุŒ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุฃู‚ุฏุงุด
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:34:40,870 --> 00:34:44,990
1715
+ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุชูƒ ููƒุชุตู…ูŠู… ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฏูˆุฏ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:34:44,990 --> 00:34:52,530
1719
+ constraints but some finance is available ุฅูŠุด has
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:34:52,530 --> 00:34:58,930
1723
+ been allocated for design phaseุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:34:58,930 --> 00:35:02,290
1727
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู†ุชูŠ ุฅูŠุด
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:35:02,290 --> 00:35:07,460
1731
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠุŸ ุจุชุญุท ุฅูŠุดุŸู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:35:07,460 --> 00:35:11,340
1735
+ budget a budget has been allocated ู…ุง ุญุฏ ู…ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:35:11,340 --> 00:35:16,920
1739
+ allocated ุงู†ู‡ ุชู… ุชุฎุตูŠุตู‡ุง allocated allocated ุชู…
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:35:16,920 --> 00:35:21,320
1743
+ ุชุฎุตูŠุตู‡ุง has been allocated for a preliminary
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:35:21,320 --> 00:35:26,520
1747
+ design phase a total of thirty five thousand
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:35:26,520 --> 00:35:33,840
1751
+ dollar but we must not ish that amountexceed ู…ุด
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:35:33,840 --> 00:35:40,120
1755
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:35:40,120 --> 00:35:46,680
1759
+ budget ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ constraints ุดุฑูˆุท ุงูˆ ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุงู„ a
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:35:46,680 --> 00:35:53,240
1763
+ exceed ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ obviously
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:35:53,910 --> 00:36:00,050
1767
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฏูุน 80 ุจุงูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู…ุตุฏุฑ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:36:00,050 --> 00:36:06,450
1771
+ ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ูŠุชุณู„ู„ ู„ู€ 70 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ูู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุตุฏุฑ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:36:06,450 --> 00:36:11,890
1775
+ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฑูˆุญุช ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดุชุฑูŠ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุชุตู…ูŠู…
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:36:11,890 --> 00:36:16,890
1779
+ ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ .. ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูŠูƒู„ู 80 ุดูŠูƒู„ ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:36:16,890 --> 00:36:22,850
1783
+ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุจู†ุจูŠุนู‡ ุจู€ 70 ุดูŠูƒู„ ุชุตู…ูŠู…ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุฑุŸ is notcost
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:36:22,850 --> 00:36:31,250
1787
+ effective ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุด ููŠู‡ ุฌุฏูˆุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุฑุงู‡ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:36:31,250 --> 00:36:34,650
1791
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ุง product ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:36:34,650 --> 00:36:44,750
1795
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุฑุฎุต ู…ู†ู‡ ุทูŠุจ the age of the detector is to
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:36:44,750 --> 00:36:51,730
1799
+ locate underground cables by giving audio feedback
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:36:53,680 --> 00:37:02,260
1803
+ the function of detector ุงูŠุด ุงู„ detector ู„ุฃ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:37:02,260 --> 00:37:10,360
1807
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ sensor ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌุณ ุงู„ detector
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:37:10,360 --> 00:37:19,260
1811
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุณ ุจุณ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ู…ุนุฏู† detect okay to locate
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:37:19,260 --> 00:37:24,950
1815
+ underground cables ุงู„ underground cables ุงูŠุดุฅูŠุด
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:37:24,950 --> 00:37:28,930
1819
+ undergroundุŸ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุงู„ูƒูˆุงุจู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชุญุช
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:37:28,930 --> 00:37:34,450
1823
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ .. ุจุฏูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:37:34,450 --> 00:37:40,330
1827
+ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฌุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒูˆุงุจู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:37:40,330 --> 00:37:47,390
1831
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ by giving audio feedbackุŒ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุตูˆุชูŠุฉุŒ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:37:47,390 --> 00:37:53,230
1835
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุงุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:37:53,230 --> 00:37:58,910
1839
+ ู†ู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุฏ ูŠุฏุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุฒู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:37:58,910 --> 00:38:02,890
1843
+ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ function ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฅูŠุด
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:38:02,890 --> 00:38:08,490
1847
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ function ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ุนุฏู† ุชุญุช
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:38:08,490 --> 00:38:15,270
1851
+ ูˆูŠุนุทูŠ ุตูˆุช since it is it's to be used in a noisy
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:38:15,270 --> 00:38:23,620
1855
+ environmentairphone is unimportant since it's
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:38:23,620 --> 00:38:31,120
1859
+ designed to be used in a noisy environment ุนุงุฏุฉ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:38:31,120 --> 00:38:36,400
1863
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ุดุงุฑุน ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู†ุช ุจุชุทู„ุนูŠ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:38:36,400 --> 00:38:40,340
1867
+ underground cable underground cable ููŠ ุดุงุฑุน ู…ุด
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:38:40,340 --> 00:38:45,880
1871
+ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ุช ุชู…ุณูƒูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณู…ุนูŠุฒูŠ ุงู† ุงู†ุช ู…ุงุณูƒ ุฌูˆุงู„ูƒ ูˆ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:38:45,880 --> 00:38:49,540
1875
+ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชุณู…ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุฑุงุช
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:38:49,540 --> 00:38:55,360
1879
+ ูุงู„ุณู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ earphones ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู† ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:38:55,360 --> 00:38:59,820
1883
+ earphones ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฏู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฃุฏูŠุงู†
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:38:59,820 --> 00:39:09,880
1887
+ earphones is an important ุงูŠุด feature ุงูŠุด ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:39:09,880 --> 00:39:16,860
1891
+ forare these already on the marketุŸ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:39:16,860 --> 00:39:22,840
1895
+ marketุŸ are they ุฅูŠุด productุŸ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:39:22,840 --> 00:39:26,960
1899
+ existing existing ุจุชูŠุฌูŠุŒ ุงู†ุช ุถุงู„ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒู„ ูƒู„ู…ุงุชูƒุŒ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:30,640
1903
+ ุฅูŠุด ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ุจุดูˆู ุฑุงูƒุจุฉ ูˆู„ุง
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:39:30,640 --> 00:39:34,580
1907
+ ู„ุฃุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุถุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชุดุท ุจู‡ุฏูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:39:34,580 --> 00:39:41,320
1911
+ ุฑุงุญุช ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ู‡ุฏูŠ ุถู„ูƒู‡ุฐู‡
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:39:41,320 --> 00:39:46,680
1915
+ ุฑุงุญุช ู‡ุฐุง ุถู„ุช ุงู„ propose ูˆุงู„ existing ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:50,680
1919
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง are they propose product ูˆู„ุง or
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:39:50,680 --> 00:39:56,260
1923
+ are we talking about propose product are these
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:39:56,260 --> 00:39:59,000
1927
+ already on the market ุจู†ุณุฃู„ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ market
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:39:59,000 --> 00:40:04,640
1931
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ market are they current product
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:40:05,330 --> 00:40:11,170
1935
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู…ุง ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุญุงู„ูŠ or are we talking about
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:40:11,170 --> 00:40:15,430
1939
+ product that we are still that are still under
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:40:15,430 --> 00:40:18,550
1943
+ development still under development ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:40:18,550 --> 00:40:23,790
1947
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูŠ propose ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุญุช ู„ุณุงุชู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:40:23,790 --> 00:40:27,930
1951
+ ูู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ ูู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุจุงุฎุชุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง propose
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:40:27,930 --> 00:40:33,470
1955
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง existing ุงู„ู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:40:33,470 --> 00:40:38,340
1959
+ ู„ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู†ุช ุชุดุชุบู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู„ูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจ .. ุจุนูˆุฏูƒู…
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:40:38,340 --> 00:40:44,000
1963
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู†ูƒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงุชุนูˆุฏูŠ ู…ุงุชุณุชุนุฌู„ูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ุฃ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:47,940
1967
+ ุฎุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุทุจ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูˆ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:40:47,940 --> 00:40:57,840
1971
+ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุจุช grip ุจุชุญุณ ููŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุงุฏ
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:40:57,840 --> 00:41:02,480
1975
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:41:02,480 --> 00:41:02,900
1979
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุงุฏ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:41:06,950 --> 00:41:09,650
1983
+ choose the correct word from the brackets to
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:41:09,650 --> 00:41:12,970
1987
+ complete the sentences ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:41:12,970 --> 00:41:16,930
1991
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† the types of flow that
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:41:16,930 --> 00:41:23,110
1995
+ will be encountered must .. ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ encounteredุŸ
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:41:23,110 --> 00:41:25,410
1999
+ the type of flow that will be encountered
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:41:25,410 --> 00:41:29,790
2003
+ encountered
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:41:29,790 --> 00:41:36,250
2007
+ ุจู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ faced must be designed ูˆู„ุง determined
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:41:38,170 --> 00:41:41,790
2011
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ type of forces we encounter ุจู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:41:41,790 --> 00:41:47,050
2015
+ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุจู†ุตู…ู…ู‡ุง ุจู†ุญุฏุฏู‡ุง determined maximum loads are
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:41:47,050 --> 00:41:51,990
2019
+ based on predicted ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ predicted ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุนุฉ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:41:51,990 --> 00:41:55,770
2023
+ predicted specification ูˆู„ุง worst case scenario
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:41:55,770 --> 00:42:02,340
2027
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุณุฑุชู‡ ุตุงุฑ ุญู‚ ุชู…ุดูŠ ููŠู‡ุงon top of
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:42:02,340 --> 00:42:06,560
2031
+ maximum loads additional safety margins are
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:42:06,560 --> 00:42:12,080
2035
+ factored in ุงูˆ in size ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุญุณุงุจู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ุจู†ุญุฌู…
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:42:12,080 --> 00:42:16,660
2039
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญุฌูŠู… ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงุฎุฑ ุงุดูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ for
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:42:16,660 --> 00:42:20,620
2043
+ cost reasons components shouldn't be over designed
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:42:20,620 --> 00:42:23,960
2047
+ ูˆู„ุง quantified over designed
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:42:25,530 --> 00:42:28,790
2051
+ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู†
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:42:28,790 --> 00:42:34,110
2055
+ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุณู…ู‰ ุจู€ Built and braces factor of safety
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:42:34,110 --> 00:42:39,050
2059
+ approach ุงู„ู€ factor of .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:42:39,050 --> 00:42:44,850
2063
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ุนููˆุฒูŠูƒู… quantifying
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:42:44,850 --> 00:42:48,510
2067
+ ูˆู„ุง sizing components ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุทูŠุท ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุชู‡ู…ุŸ
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:42:48,510 --> 00:42:52,770
2071
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช .. ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุจุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ size
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:42:58,190 --> 00:43:02,950
2075
+ ุทูŠุจ replace the underlying words and expressions
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:43:02,950 --> 00:43:07,310
2079
+ with alternative words and expressions from ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:43:07,310 --> 00:43:13,430
2083
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ A ุฃูˆ B most engineering
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:43:13,430 --> 00:43:17,930
2087
+ designs make provision for excessive or abnormal
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:43:17,930 --> 00:43:22,170
2091
+ operating conditions ุฅูŠุด making provisionsุŸ ุฅูŠุด
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:43:22,170 --> 00:43:23,050
2095
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:43:25,700 --> 00:43:30,320
2099
+ allow for ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ most engineer allow for
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:43:30,320 --> 00:43:34,940
2103
+ excessive or abnormal operating ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด allow for
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:43:34,940 --> 00:43:41,340
2107
+ ุจู†ุณู…ุญ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทูŠุจ ุฐูƒุฑุชูƒ
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:43:41,340 --> 00:43:49,220
2111
+ provision ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู†ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ make provision
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:43:49,220 --> 00:43:59,230
2115
+ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงุญุชูŠุงุทOkay ุชุณู…ุญูŠ for excessive ุชุนู…ู„
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:43:59,230 --> 00:44:02,550
2119
+ ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุงู†ุช ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณู…ุญูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง the critical
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:44:02,550 --> 00:44:07,310
2123
+ question is how much of a two percent of extra
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:44:07,310 --> 00:44:11,390
2127
+ size or capacity ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ percentage of extra size
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:44:11,390 --> 00:44:18,350
2131
+ or capacityุŸ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ factor of safetyุŒ
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:44:18,350 --> 00:44:22,890
2135
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ should be applied without adding too
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:44:22,890 --> 00:44:30,000
2139
+ much of a marginover desire ุทูŠุจ four calculate an
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:34,120
2143
+ amount four ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ quantify ู„ู…ุง ุช
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:44:34,120 --> 00:44:37,840
2147
+ calculate an amount ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:44:37,840 --> 00:44:42,920
2151
+ quantify for this figure it's critical to assess
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:44:42,920 --> 00:44:45,700
2155
+ the consequence of technical of a technical
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:44:45,700 --> 00:44:51,080
2159
+ failure where the stakes ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ stakes are
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:44:51,080 --> 00:44:55,740
2163
+ highู…ุฑุฏ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ steak ู…ุด ุงู„ steak ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:44:55,740 --> 00:45:00,100
2167
+ ุจู†ุงูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:45:00,100 --> 00:45:05,720
2171
+ ุงู„ stakes ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ in applications such as
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:45:05,720 --> 00:45:11,680
2175
+ aviations ุงูŠุด aviations ู„ุฃ ุงู„ aviation ุนุงู„ู…
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:45:11,680 --> 00:45:18,280
2179
+ ุงู„ุทูŠุฑุงู† okay designing for the most extreme
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:45:18,280 --> 00:45:23,240
2183
+ situation ุงูŠุด ุงู„ most extreme worst case scenario
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:45:23,590 --> 00:45:29,390
2187
+ is clearly critical on safety ground on the face
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:45:29,390 --> 00:45:37,010
2191
+ of it the result of this may seem costly ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:45:37,010 --> 00:45:43,770
2195
+ ู†ุญู…ู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ but where the
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:45:43,770 --> 00:45:48,270
2199
+ human implications and expense of failure are
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:45:48,270 --> 00:45:54,750
2203
+ serious ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ human implicationุŸุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:45:54,750 --> 00:45:59,350
2207
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:45:59,350 --> 00:46:06,750
2211
+ expense of failure ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุงู„ูุดู„ are serious ุฎุทุฑุฉ a
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:46:06,750 --> 00:46:10,670
2215
+ high level of expenditure aimed at accident
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:46:10,670 --> 00:46:18,660
2219
+ prevention ุฅูŠุด accident prevention ู…ุงู†ุนุงู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ can
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:46:18,660 --> 00:46:22,840
2223
+ be considered financially viable ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:46:22,840 --> 00:46:30,500
2227
+ financially viable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุงู„ financial ..
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:46:30,500 --> 00:46:36,900
2231
+ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ ุฌุฏูˆุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:46:36,900 --> 00:46:42,440
2235
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ cost effective ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:46:46,630 --> 00:46:50,970
2239
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ chapter ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนุงุฑุจุนุฉ
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:46:50,970 --> 00:46:55,570
2243
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:46:55,570 --> 00:46:55,950
2247
+ ุฅูŠุด
2248
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/EwbY24Yuo2c_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1156 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,650 --> 00:00:27,010
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณูˆู ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ุฃุณุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:27,010 --> 00:00:42,550
7
+ ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:42,550 --> 00:00:42,550
11
+ ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:42,550 --> 00:00:42,630
15
+ ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:42,630 --> 00:00:42,710
19
+ ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:42,710 --> 00:00:42,710
23
+ ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:42,710 --> 00:00:43,250
27
+ ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 32 ุญุฏุซ 33 ุญุฏุซ 33 ุญุฏุซ 33
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:43,250 --> 00:00:43,250
31
+ ุญุฏุซ 33 ุญุฏุซ 34 ุญุฏุซ 34 ุญุฏุซ 34 ุญุฏุซ 35 ุญุฏุซ 35 ุญุฏุซ 35
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:43,250 --> 00:00:48,850
35
+ ุญุฏุซ 35 ุญุฏุซ 35 ุญุฏุซ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:49,540 --> 00:00:59,000
39
+ ู…ูƒุชุจ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:59,000 --> 00:00:59,400
43
+ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:59,400 --> 00:00:59,980
47
+ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:59,980 --> 00:01:00,440
51
+ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:01,420
55
+ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:01,420 --> 00:01:04,920
59
+ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:04,920 --> 00:01:12,400
63
+ ู…ูุถู„ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถู„
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:16,740
67
+ ุงูˆ ู…ูุถ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:17,890 --> 00:01:23,750
71
+ frames and trusses ุงู„ frame ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ูˆ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,750 --> 00:01:26,850
75
+ ุงู„ truss ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:26,850 --> 00:01:31,990
79
+ truss ุงูŠุด ุงู„ truss ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ู…ุดูŠ ุงู†ุช ููŠ ู…ู…ุฑ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:31,990 --> 00:01:39,070
83
+ ุงูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุจู„ูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ truss ุงู„ุงู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:39,070 --> 00:01:46,000
87
+ ุณู‚ู ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ trussุงู„ู„ูŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:50,140
91
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ .. ูƒุดูุฉ ูŠุง ุงู†ุช .. ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:50,140 --> 00:01:56,500
95
+ ุงู„ูƒุดูุฉ .. ู‡ู‡ ุฏู‡ .. ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุงุชุฌู„ุฌูˆุด .. ุงู„ุขู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:56,500 --> 00:01:57,940
99
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ..
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:02,380 --> 00:02:06,860
103
+ Statically determinate structure when a structure
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:06,860 --> 00:02:11,960
107
+ member that is part of the structure is loaded in
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:11,960 --> 00:02:15,760
111
+ certain direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ structure
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:15,760 --> 00:02:23,240
115
+ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ load will cause reaction ูŠุนู†ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:28,100
119
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌุช ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุด ุฑุฏุช ูุนู„ุงู„ุงู† ุฑุฏุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:28,100 --> 00:02:33,020
123
+ ุงู„ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุถุน ุณุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:33,020 --> 00:02:38,800
127
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒุณ ู„ูƒู„ ูุนู„ ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ ู…ุณุงูˆุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:38,800 --> 00:02:43,400
131
+ ู…ุนูƒุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:43,400 --> 00:02:47,540
135
+ reaction will counteract resist the load and stop
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:47,540 --> 00:02:51,320
139
+ the member from moving ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:51,320 --> 00:02:58,300
143
+ ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู…ุด ู‡ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุถูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญุฑูƒwhen the
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:58,300 --> 00:03:02,700
147
+ loads and reactions acting in members are equal
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:02,700 --> 00:03:07,700
151
+ ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ูˆุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุฃูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:07,700 --> 00:03:13,360
155
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:13,360 --> 00:03:17,620
159
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ we say it is in equilibrium ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:17,620 --> 00:03:23,490
163
+ ุงุชุฒูŠุงู†structures that are designed not to move to
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:23,490 --> 00:03:26,510
167
+ stay in equilibrium are called statically
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:26,510 --> 00:03:29,690
171
+ determined structures ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ statically
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:29,690 --> 00:03:32,210
175
+ determined structure ู‡ู… ุงู„ structure in
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:32,210 --> 00:03:36,530
179
+ equilibrium ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒุด ู„ุง ุจุฑูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:36,530 --> 00:03:41,490
183
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:41,490 --> 00:03:46,250
187
+ statically determined structure ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:48,330 --> 00:04:02,030
191
+ resultant forces and the center of gravity ุนุงุฏุฉ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:02,030 --> 00:04:09,030
195
+ ุฃูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุจูŠุญู…ู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:09,030 --> 00:04:16,990
199
+ ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉููŠ ุณูˆุงุก ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ magnitude ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:16,990 --> 00:04:21,130
203
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ to calculate the
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:21,130 --> 00:04:23,830
207
+ results of these different components ูู‡ุฐุง ุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:23,830 --> 00:04:27,770
211
+ ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุง component forces and engineer can
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:27,770 --> 00:04:32,370
215
+ calculate a resultant force or resultants ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:32,370 --> 00:04:36,750
219
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒ .. ุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ุง ุจุงู„ statistics ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:36,750 --> 00:04:42,890
223
+ ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุง ุตุญุŸููŠุฒูŠุง ุงู„ู ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ุงู†ุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ูˆุฉ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:42,890 --> 00:04:47,850
227
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฌุงูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจุงุฌูŠุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:47,850 --> 00:04:52,070
231
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:52,070 --> 00:04:56,250
235
+ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุงุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุชุทู„ุน ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:56,250 --> 00:05:01,230
239
+ ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุจุชุทู„ุงู‚ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:01,230 --> 00:05:04,210
243
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ center of gravity ุฃูˆ ุงู„ center ุงู„ู„ูŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:04,210 --> 00:05:11,050
247
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉone of the main forces exerted in
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:11,050 --> 00:05:14,810
251
+ structure is gravity ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:14,810 --> 00:05:17,470
255
+ ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:21,560 --> 00:05:28,900
259
+ Okay ุงู„ gravity this acts vertically downward ุงู„ู„ูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:28,900 --> 00:05:33,380
263
+ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ gravity ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:33,380 --> 00:05:38,640
267
+ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุญุณุงุจู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ .. ุจุฏูƒ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:38,640 --> 00:05:43,730
271
+ ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ chapter 9ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ุชุชุนุฑุถ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:43,730 --> 00:05:49,970
275
+ ู„ูƒู„ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ู„ุฌุงุฐุจู‡ุง ู„ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุชุชุนุฑุถ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:49,970 --> 00:05:54,410
279
+ ู„ู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ However, to simplify their calculation
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:54,410 --> 00:05:57,410
283
+ engineers assumed that gravity exerted an
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:57,410 --> 00:06:01,510
287
+ imaginary point called the center of gravity ุงู„ุขู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:01,510 --> 00:06:04,470
291
+ ุงู„ center of gravity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฅูŠุด
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:04,470 --> 00:06:10,230
295
+ imaginary pointู‚ู†ุฏู‚ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูุฑุถู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:10,230 --> 00:06:14,850
299
+ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:14,850 --> 00:06:19,130
303
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒูƒู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:19,130 --> 00:06:23,370
307
+ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุงDepending on the shape of
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:23,370 --> 00:06:27,330
311
+ the object, this point may be inside the object, a
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:27,330 --> 00:06:32,750
315
+ cross-sectional area or outside the cross
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:32,750 --> 00:06:35,770
319
+ -sectional area ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:35,770 --> 00:06:39,990
323
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:39,990 --> 00:06:44,470
327
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุถูŠุฉ ู„ู„ object ุฃูˆ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌู‡ุง ูƒูƒู„ ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุฏู‡
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:44,470 --> 00:06:49,230
331
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎุงุฑุฌู‡ุงุŸ ุทุงู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูˆูŠู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:49,230 --> 00:06:55,590
335
+ ุฌุงูŠุฉุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตู‡ู†ุง ุฌูˆุง ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงุดุทู„ุนุช ุจุฑุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:55,590 --> 00:07:02,230
339
+ example ูƒูŠู ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุง ุงู„ุงู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:02,230 --> 00:07:08,890
343
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ frames and traces ุงู„ frame is made
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:08,890 --> 00:07:14,330
347
+ from a number of relative ten members ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:14,330 --> 00:07:19,400
351
+ frame .. ุฎู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุชุงู„ู€ frame ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:19,400 --> 00:07:22,920
355
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุทู„ุน ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุจุงูƒุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:22,920 --> 00:07:29,360
359
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ frame ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุŒ ุดุงุญุท ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุงุญุท
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:29,360 --> 00:07:35,380
363
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ frame ู‡ูˆ ุฅุทุงุฑุŒ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนุชุจุฑูŠู‡ุŒ ุจุณ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:35,380 --> 00:07:43,720
367
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุทุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุชุจุนูŠู†ู‡ุŒ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:49,140
371
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ tinุŒ ุงุฑูุนุฉexample are bicycle
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:49,140 --> 00:07:54,620
375
+ frames ุงู„ุจุณูƒุงู„ูŠุช ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุจุณูƒุงู„ูŠุช steel frame
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:54,620 --> 00:08:00,420
379
+ building ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุงูŠุงุช members of a frame
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:00,420 --> 00:08:04,560
383
+ can form a complex shape often with many triangles
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:04,560 --> 00:08:09,620
387
+ called lattices ุงู„ุขู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ frame ู‚ูˆูŠ ุฅูŠุด
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:09,620 --> 00:08:15,080
391
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุชู„ุชุงุช ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ุนู…ู„ุช frame
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:15,080 --> 00:08:23,790
395
+ ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฃุจู†ุงุก ุชู‚ู„ู‚ูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ุตูˆุช ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:23,790 --> 00:08:27,990
399
+ frame ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุถุบุทุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ frame ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุญุตู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:27,990 --> 00:08:35,470
403
+ ู„ู‡ุŸ ุจุณูˆู‚ุดุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุนุดุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ .. ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:35,470 --> 00:08:41,030
407
+ ุทูˆู„ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ุฃุฏุนู…ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุนู…ู„ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ู…ูˆุชู„ุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:41,030 --> 00:08:49,360
411
+ ุชุงุนุช ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุŸ ุจุชุฌูˆู‰ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:49,360 --> 00:08:53,460
415
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ simple structureุŒ structure
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:53,460 --> 00:08:57,340
419
+ deformed under loadุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ adding cross
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:57,340 --> 00:09:01,520
423
+ members ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณุชูู† ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:01,520 --> 00:09:05,220
427
+ ุงู„ structure ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:09,220 --> 00:09:14,820
431
+ Okay members of the frame can form a complex shape
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:14,820 --> 00:09:18,860
435
+ often with many triangles called lattices ุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠุณ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:18,860 --> 00:09:23,080
439
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ triangular shape the advantage of
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:23,080 --> 00:09:29,380
443
+ triangles is that they are stiff ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ stiff
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:29,380 --> 00:09:36,240
447
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ stiff arm ุจุชู…ุฏูŠ ุงูŠุฏูƒ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆ ุจุช ..
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:36,240 --> 00:09:40,720
451
+ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ .. ุญุฏ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฌุฑุจ ู…ู†ูƒุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง stiff arm
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:40,720 --> 00:09:47,610
455
+ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ aid ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏุฉ stiff armูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:47,610 --> 00:09:50,650
459
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ stiff ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ stiff arm ุชู†ุทุน ุฌูŠุด
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:50,650 --> 00:09:55,770
463
+ ู…ู…ุฏูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุทุนูˆุฌุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุญุทูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ูˆ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:55,770 --> 00:09:59,990
467
+ ุจุชุฒุฌูŠ ุญุฏ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุชู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุฒุฌูŠ ุญุฏ ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ force
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:59,990 --> 00:10:03,910
471
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠุด ุจุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชู†ุชู†ู‰ ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ู…ุงุญุฏุด
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:03,910 --> 00:10:10,190
475
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุตุนุจุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ stiff they strongly
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:10,190 --> 00:10:15,130
479
+ resist deformation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุงู„ุชุดูˆู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:19,330 --> 00:10:25,030
483
+ ุฃู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ุจูŠ .. ุฃู‡
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:25,030 --> 00:10:30,310
487
+ ุงุณุชูู‰ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:30,310 --> 00:10:38,310
491
+ ุจูŠุบูŠุฑุดูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฎ ูˆ ุจูƒู ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:38,310 --> 00:10:42,290
495
+ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ stiff ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฃุดูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:42,290 --> 00:10:46,170
499
+ ุงู„ stiff arm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ู…ุฏูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:46,170 --> 00:10:51,570
503
+ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ูุงู„ stiff ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุด ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:51,570 --> 00:10:55,930
507
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูŠ lean ุจุช lean ุฃูˆ ุจุชุบูŠุฑุด ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:55,930 --> 00:11:01,720
511
+ ..ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ triangular ุงู„ symbols can
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:06,180
515
+ therefore be used to stiffen or brace a structure
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:06,180 --> 00:11:11,440
519
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุชู‚ูˆูŠ ุงู„ structure ุฃูˆ ู„ุชุฏุนู… ุงู„ structure ู‡ุฐุง
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:16,300
523
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ diagram two ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ุงู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:16,300 --> 00:11:19,280
527
+ structure ุฏูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ุง because the joints
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:19,280 --> 00:11:22,760
531
+ between the ten members are weak ุงู„ joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:22,760 --> 00:11:28,130
535
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง jointุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง joints ู‡ุฏูˆู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:28,130 --> 00:11:34,210
539
+ ุงู„ joints ุงู„ุฑูƒุจ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:34,210 --> 00:11:39,950
543
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุชุนุฏ ุงูŠุด ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุก ุงูŠ ุฌุณู… ุงูŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:39,950 --> 00:11:46,470
547
+ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูุตู„ ูุนู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฒูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:46,470 --> 00:11:51,090
551
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฏูŠู†ุง ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:51,090 --> 00:11:58,360
555
+ ุญุฑูƒุฉูˆ ููŠ ู…ูุงุตู„ ู…ุด ู„ูŠู†ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:58,360 --> 00:12:05,840
559
+ solid joints ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง pin joint ุงู„ pin joint
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:09,780
563
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ flexible ููŠ flexibility ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู†ุชูƒู„ู…
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:09,780 --> 00:12:15,850
567
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุณุงุทุฑูŠู†are weak and can flex easily flex
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:15,850 --> 00:12:20,530
571
+ ุฃูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ joints which flex because
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:20,530 --> 00:12:23,370
575
+ they are weak or because they are designed to do
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:23,370 --> 00:12:28,090
579
+ so ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:28,090 --> 00:12:33,610
583
+ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุชูƒูˆู† flexible are called bend joints ูุนุฑูุชูˆุง
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:33,610 --> 00:12:38,110
587
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ bend jointsุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:38,110 --> 00:12:42,830
591
+ ู‡ูŠ lattices which are entirely bent joint and
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:42,830 --> 00:12:45,810
595
+ which therefore need cross members to stiffen them
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:45,810 --> 00:12:50,350
599
+ are called traces ุงู„ traces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ู… ุฏุนู…
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:51,560 --> 00:12:55,760
603
+ ุงู„ู€ trust contain two types of members, members
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:55,760 --> 00:13:00,140
607
+ that resist tension are called ties ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุญุงุฌุงุช
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:00,140 --> 00:13:07,680
611
+ ุจู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ุดุฏ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ties ูˆููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ุงุดุงู„ู€
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:07,680 --> 00:13:10,460
615
+ compression ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ compression which
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:10,460 --> 00:13:14,000
619
+ members that resist compression are called struts
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:18,340
623
+ ุงู„ู€ struts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„ compression ุงู„ ties
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:18,340 --> 00:13:23,060
627
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„ tension ุงู„ุดุฏ a joint which does
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:23,060 --> 00:13:27,520
631
+ not flex is called a rigid joint rigid ุงูˆ solid
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:27,520 --> 00:13:34,140
635
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒุด or moments connectionrigid
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:34,140 --> 00:13:37,780
639
+ joints are often thick and securely joined for
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:37,780 --> 00:13:43,200
643
+ example by weld ุงูŠุด ุงู„ weld ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุŸ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:48,620
647
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:48,620 --> 00:13:53,520
651
+ ุงู„ุญุงู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ weld ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:53,520 --> 00:14:00,060
655
+ ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุณุฌูˆู ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ูŠุฏุŸ ุดูุชูˆู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุญุงู…
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:00,060 --> 00:14:05,600
659
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุจุนู‡ุŸ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุถุบุทุช ู‡ุฐู‡ joint
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:05,600 --> 00:14:09,240
663
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง pin joint ู„ูˆ ุถุบุทุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:16,120
667
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูุฑุฏ ุงูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:20,760
671
+ ุฑุจุทุชู‡ู… ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุญุทูŠุช ุดูƒูุฉ ุฎุดุจ ุงูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:25,960
675
+ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง straw
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:25,960 --> 00:14:32,060
679
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:32,890 --> 00:14:38,970
683
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ trust ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ tie ุทู„ุน
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:38,970 --> 00:14:45,070
687
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุจุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:45,070 --> 00:14:49,830
691
+ raft ุชุจุน ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ raft ุชุจุน ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ุฅูŠุด
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:49,830 --> 00:14:55,910
695
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:55,910 --> 00:15:01,210
699
+ ู„ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุชู†ุทุนุฌุŒ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:01,210 --> 00:15:08,220
703
+ ุจุธุจุทุŸู…ุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุทุนุดุŸ ุงู„ุงู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:08,220 --> 00:15:12,380
707
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุฌุจุช ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุด ุฌุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุทุงูˆู„ุงุช
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:12,380 --> 00:15:15,300
711
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:15,300 --> 00:15:20,480
715
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ good examples ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:20,480 --> 00:15:25,240
719
+ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชู†ุทุนุด ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ ุจุฑุจุทูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:25,240 --> 00:15:31,410
723
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฑุชุจุทุช ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ tie ู„ูŠุดุŸู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุงูˆู…
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:31,410 --> 00:15:36,770
727
+ ู„ู„ุดุฏ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ุŒ ุงูŠูˆุฉุŒ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:36,770 --> 00:15:39,810
731
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€strap ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ู‡ุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:39,810 --> 00:15:43,930
735
+ ูˆุญุทูŠุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุญุชุŒ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุชุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:43,930 --> 00:15:49,510
739
+ ุงู„ู€strap ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€tie ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ frame ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:49,510 --> 00:15:53,790
743
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐุฉ will get compressed ู„ูˆ ุจู‚ู‰
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:53,790 --> 00:15:57,630
747
+ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†ุŒ ู‡ุชู†ุถุบุทุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุง ุฅูŠุด
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:57,630 --> 00:16:05,360
751
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุชู†ุดุฏู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชุตุจุญ tension ู‡ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:05,360 --> 00:16:09,480
755
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ tension ูˆ ู‡ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:09,480 --> 00:16:15,220
759
+ compression ู†ูˆุน
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:15,220 --> 00:16:18,640
763
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุถุบุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:18,640 --> 00:16:30,010
767
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุงู† ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ tie ูˆ ู‡ุงู† ุงูŠุด ูˆ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ strutูƒูƒู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:30,010 --> 00:16:37,690
771
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ trust ุฃูˆ ุงู„ frame ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:37,690 --> 00:16:40,970
775
+ ุทูŠุจ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:40,970 --> 00:16:46,990
779
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† complete the explanation using words and
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:46,990 --> 00:16:50,970
783
+ expression from a ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูู‚ุฑุฉ you will need to
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:50,970 --> 00:16:55,320
787
+ change the form of one wordุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุญุงุทุท ู„ู‡ุง ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:55,320 --> 00:16:59,580
791
+ ู…ุด ุญุงุทุท ู„ู‡ุง ุณูˆุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุญุงุทูŠุช ู„ู‡ุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:59,580 --> 00:17:06,640
795
+ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุฎุชู„ูŠ and it's statically determined
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:06,640 --> 00:17:11,420
799
+ structure each load acting on this structure is
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:11,420 --> 00:17:19,780
803
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ counteracted ุฃุธุจุท counteracted by
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:19,780 --> 00:17:25,650
807
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸa reaction ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ statically determinate
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:25,650 --> 00:17:30,450
811
+ ุงูŠุด ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ statically determinate ู†ุนูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:30,450 --> 00:17:34,570
815
+ ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฌูŠ ูˆ ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ statically determinate
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:34,570 --> 00:17:38,090
819
+ structure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ structure is in equilibrium
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:38,090 --> 00:17:42,710
823
+ and does not move ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ equilibrium ุงูŠุด
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:42,710 --> 00:17:48,540
827
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ load ุงูˆ forces ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ counter forceุฃูˆ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:48,540 --> 00:17:52,800
831
+ load ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆู…ุชุนุงูƒุณูŠู† ููŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:52,800 --> 00:17:57,880
835
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ in opposite direction equally in the
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:57,880 --> 00:18:01,460
839
+ magnitude is equal and the direction is opposite
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:01,460 --> 00:18:06,540
843
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ it's under equilibrium ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:06,540 --> 00:18:11,280
847
+ ุงุชุฒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ this means the structure
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:11,280 --> 00:18:13,460
851
+ always remain in equilibrium
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:16,650 --> 00:18:21,330
855
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ trust
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:21,330 --> 00:18:26,170
859
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ forces ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ู…ุซู„ุง
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:26,170 --> 00:18:30,470
863
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ loads from three supports carrying a
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:30,470 --> 00:18:34,690
867
+ large satellite dish ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ forces ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุช
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:34,690 --> 00:18:39,520
871
+ ุงู…ุงูƒู†ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… satellite dish ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ุฌุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:43,500
875
+ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ result sense
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:43,500 --> 00:18:48,600
879
+ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ุงุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ to analyze
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:48,600 --> 00:18:52,520
883
+ ุฏุฑูˆู structure shown in diagram one and engineer
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:56,220
887
+ draw diagram two ุงู„ุงู† diagram two for analysis
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:56,220 --> 00:19:01,640
891
+ purposes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ to help make some
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:01,640 --> 00:19:06,480
895
+ initial simple calculationIn diagram two, the
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:06,480 --> 00:19:09,440
899
+ engineer uses the following assumption and
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:09,440 --> 00:19:16,880
903
+ information The three component forces from
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:16,880 --> 00:19:20,420
907
+ loads
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:20,420 --> 00:19:26,020
911
+ act as a singleresultants ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ููŠ ุงู„
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:26,020 --> 00:19:30,420
915
+ diagram ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุจุฌูŠุจ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:30,420 --> 00:19:34,220
919
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… resultant force in the top of the
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:34,220 --> 00:19:39,560
923
+ frame all joints in the frame are ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:39,560 --> 00:19:46,780
927
+ ุงู„ joints ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ flexible ูˆู„ุง rigid flexible ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:46,780 --> 00:19:53,620
931
+ ุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง ู…ุธุจูˆุทููŠ ู‡ุฏู ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ pin
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:53,620 --> 00:20:00,260
935
+ joints ุงู„ joints ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ pin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุตู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:00,260 --> 00:20:06,220
939
+ flexible flexible joints can flex so the frame
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:06,220 --> 00:20:13,240
943
+ behaves as ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŸtruss ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:17,380
947
+ trust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ frame with flexible joint
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:17,380 --> 00:20:25,900
951
+ ุฃูˆ pin joint ู…ุด rigid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด of ุฏุฑูˆู
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:25,900 --> 00:20:32,000
955
+ structure ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ูƒู„ู…ุงุช the center of a
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:36,700
959
+ gravity of ุฏุฑูˆู structure shown in redุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:36,700 --> 00:20:39,880
963
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง not including the satellite dish is
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:39,880 --> 00:20:43,880
967
+ exactly halfway between the two supports ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:43,880 --> 00:20:48,500
971
+ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฃุฌุง ู‡ุงูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:48,500 --> 00:20:56,500
975
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุงู† in diagram two which of the members
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:56,500 --> 00:21:02,140
979
+ are ties and which are struts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ a ู‡ุฐูŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:02,140 --> 00:21:10,040
983
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠStraight ู‡ุฏู‰ Straight ู‡ุฏู‰ Tie ู‡ุฏูˆู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:14,700
987
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุจุฏูƒูˆุง ุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฏู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ุฉ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:14,700 --> 00:21:21,080
991
+ ุทูŠุจ choose the correct word from the bracket to
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:21,080 --> 00:21:25,280
995
+ complete the sentences ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญู‰ traces
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:25,280 --> 00:21:32,700
999
+ are frameworks or ties ุงูŠุด ุงู„ trace framework with
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:32,700 --> 00:21:39,810
1003
+ ุงูŠุดู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ุฏูŠ flexible ุฃูˆ joint ุฃูˆ pin jointsุŒ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:39,810 --> 00:21:43,850
1007
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ connection between members which
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:43,850 --> 00:21:50,190
1011
+ flexes is calledุŸ pin joint ู…ุด rigidุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ Struts
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:50,190 --> 00:21:54,510
1015
+ are designed to resist compression ูˆู„ุง tensionุŸ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:54,510 --> 00:22:00,530
1019
+ compression ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ tie ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ tie ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:00,530 --> 00:22:06,010
1023
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ tensionุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ tension
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:06,010 --> 00:22:11,430
1027
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ tie ูˆ ุงู„ compression ุงู„ stress ูˆ ุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:11,430 --> 00:22:16,650
1031
+ trust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ูƒูˆูŠุณ by adding cross
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:16,650 --> 00:22:20,490
1035
+ member frames is embraced ูˆ ู„ุง being joined making
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:20,490 --> 00:22:25,010
1039
+ it stiffer embraced embraced ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:25,010 --> 00:22:33,790
1043
+ embraced ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู„ู†ุงstiffen
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:33,790 --> 00:22:43,050
1047
+ ูˆ brace ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ stiffen ู‡ุงูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:43,050 --> 00:22:47,030
1051
+ ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:47,030 --> 00:22:52,750
1055
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ chapter ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ structural
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:52,750 --> 00:22:59,100
1059
+ mechanicsุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ .. ุฃูˆู„ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ frame
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:59,100 --> 00:23:04,820
1063
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ is statically determinant structure ุฅูŠุด
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:04,820 --> 00:23:10,780
1067
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุงู„ structure is under equilibrium and not
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:10,780 --> 00:23:13,440
1071
+ moving ุทุจ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† under equilibrium ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:13,440 --> 00:23:17,600
1075
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ุนู†ุฏูŠ two different forces ุฃูˆ two different
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:17,600 --> 00:23:23,850
1079
+ loadsof equal magnitude and opposite direction act
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:23,850 --> 00:23:29,390
1083
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ frame ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู„ู‰
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:29,390 --> 00:23:36,090
1087
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:36,090 --> 00:23:39,990
1091
+ gravity ูˆ ุงู„ center of gravity ุงู„ gravity ู‡ูŠ ุงุญุฏู‰
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:39,990 --> 00:23:43,790
1095
+ ุงู„ forces ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูˆ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:43,790 --> 00:23:47,950
1099
+ downward ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุชุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:47,950 --> 00:23:53,030
1103
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ M ููŠ G ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ู…ุฑุช
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:53,030 --> 00:23:58,310
1107
+ ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ G ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ A ุงู„ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:58,310 --> 00:24:04,180
1111
+ ุงู„ gravity ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸุชุณุนุฉ point ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:04,180 --> 00:24:08,160
1115
+ meter squared per second ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงูˆ meter per second
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:08,160 --> 00:24:12,520
1119
+ squared ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:12,520 --> 00:24:18,520
1123
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ structure with
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:18,520 --> 00:24:22,280
1127
+ different joint ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ joints ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† flexible
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:27,780
1131
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง pin joint ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ hard ุงูˆ solid ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:27,780 --> 00:24:33,000
1135
+ ุงูŠุด rigid jointsุงู„ุงู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ structure ุชุจุนู‡
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:33,000 --> 00:24:37,440
1139
+ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ structure ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ with flexible ุงูˆ ุจูŠู†
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:43,680
1143
+ joint ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ traces ุงูˆ trace ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุงู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:43,680 --> 00:24:48,940
1147
+ trace ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠู‡ member ุฏู‡ ุงู„ member members resist
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:48,940 --> 00:24:53,840
1151
+ compression ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ู… ุงูŠุดุŸ stress ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:53,840 --> 00:25:00,670
1155
+ resisting ู„ู„ tension ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ู… ุงูŠุดุŸ tieู‡ูƒุฐุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
1156
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/I-OM6cRV6Nw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1171 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,850 --> 00:00:24,850
3
+ ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,850 --> 00:00:25,510
7
+
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:25,510 --> 00:00:25,730
11
+
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:25,730 --> 00:00:26,330
15
+
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,330 --> 00:00:28,010
19
+
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,010 --> 00:00:30,630
23
+
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,630 --> 00:00:31,150
27
+
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:31,150 --> 00:00:31,710
31
+
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:31,710 --> 00:00:40,270
35
+
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:40,270 --> 00:00:46,660
39
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ the distances between the holes
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:46,660 --> 00:00:50,540
43
+ can be shown as running dimensions or as chain
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:50,540 --> 00:00:56,340
47
+ dimensions ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ุŸ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:56,340 --> 00:00:59,880
51
+ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ููŠูƒู… ุจุดูˆู ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:59,880 --> 00:01:05,980
55
+ American sport ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุฒูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,980 --> 00:01:08,880
59
+ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ meter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:15,030
63
+ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุฑูŠู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,030 --> 00:01:20,350
67
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุณ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:20,350 --> 00:01:23,530
71
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,530 --> 00:01:25,210
75
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:25,210 --> 00:01:26,470
79
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:26,470 --> 00:01:30,050
83
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:30,050 --> 00:01:38,210
87
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:38,210 --> 00:01:41,830
91
+ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:41,830 --> 00:01:49,230
95
+ ุณู„ูƒ ุฃูˆ ุญุจู„ ุจุณ ุงู„ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,230 --> 00:01:55,070
99
+ ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:55,070 --> 00:02:00,250
103
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ chain ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ American
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:00,250 --> 00:02:05,610
107
+ sport ููŠ chain ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุนุดุฑุฉ yardูุจูŠุฌุฑุณูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:05,610 --> 00:02:09,210
111
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุงุฑุฏ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ู…ู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:09,210 --> 00:02:12,970
115
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุงุฑุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุญุจูˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ chain ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:12,970 --> 00:02:17,970
119
+ plastic ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู…ุฏ ุตุญ ุงูˆ ูŠู†ูƒู…ุด ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:17,970 --> 00:02:24,590
123
+ chain ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠู…ุฏุด ุตุญ ูู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ chain
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:27,610
127
+ dimensions or running dimension ุงู„ running
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:27,610 --> 00:02:33,150
131
+ dimension ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ู‡ ุณุงุญุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุทูˆูŠู„ In
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,150 --> 00:02:37,250
135
+ both cases, the center line aligned through the
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:37,250 --> 00:02:41,190
139
+ center of the holes is measured is marked down and
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:41,190 --> 00:02:44,870
143
+ the distances between the center lines are given
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:44,870 --> 00:02:49,150
147
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูŠุณ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ hole ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:51,820 --> 00:02:56,880
151
+ ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:56,880 --> 00:03:01,120
155
+ ู…ุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:05,320
159
+ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุจุฌูŠุณ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ center
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:05,320 --> 00:03:09,320
163
+ of the hole ู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฌูŠุณ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:13,780
167
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุญูุฑุชูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠุณ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:13,780 --> 00:03:17,900
171
+ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญูุฑุชูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุฌูŠุณ ู…ู† ู†ุต ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:17,900 --> 00:03:21,760
175
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ center ู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:21,760 --> 00:03:26,680
179
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ center ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:30,520
183
+ distance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุงุด ุงุญุชู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ center line ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:34,860
187
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ center ุงู„ู„ูŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:34,860 --> 00:03:38,800
191
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ distances between center lines are called
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:45,400
195
+ center to centerThe holes below are at 100mm
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:50,700
199
+ centers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุงู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:50,700 --> 00:03:55,940
203
+ ุงุฎุฏุชุŸ ู‡ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ center ุงู„ center ู‡ุงู† ู‡ู‰ 100 200 300
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:55,940 --> 00:04:00,040
207
+ ู‡ุฏู‰ running dimension ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฎุฏุช ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:03,740
211
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ุงู† ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ุช ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ it's chain dimension ุงูŠุด
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:03,740 --> 00:04:10,560
215
+ ุงุฎุฏุชุŸู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:11,680
219
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:11,680 --> 00:04:13,160
223
+ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:13,200
227
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:13,400
231
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:16,360
235
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:18,220
239
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:18,220 --> 00:04:20,720
243
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:29,300
247
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ note ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:33,540
251
+ written note ุงูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ CC from center to
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:33,540 --> 00:04:42,120
255
+ center ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒุงู…ุŸ one hundred millimeter center
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:47,030
259
+ lines are often used as reference pointsุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:47,030 --> 00:04:51,550
263
+ ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠุฉ these can be measured from in
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:51,550 --> 00:04:55,150
267
+ order to locate that is give the position of
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:55,150 --> 00:05:00,890
271
+ points on components ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุงุนุฑู ู…ูƒุงู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:00,890 --> 00:05:06,730
275
+ locate ุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน give the position the
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:06,730 --> 00:05:10,830
279
+ measurement are offset from the center lines ุงูŠุด
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:10,830 --> 00:05:18,220
283
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ offsetุŸ ู„ุฃุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุงุฒุงุญุฉ ุชู†ุฒุงุญ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:18,220 --> 00:05:23,280
287
+ shifted ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ shifted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:23,280 --> 00:05:27,540
291
+ offset from the center line each is at a certain
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:27,540 --> 00:05:32,090
295
+ distance from it and the offsets are measured at a
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:32,090 --> 00:05:36,570
299
+ right angle to the center lines at 90 degrees to
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:36,570 --> 00:05:39,750
303
+ it ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ right at right angle ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:39,750 --> 00:05:44,050
307
+ right angle ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู… ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:44,050 --> 00:05:49,990
311
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ grades ุงูŠุด
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:49,990 --> 00:05:55,330
315
+ ุงู„ gradesุŸ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุฏูุชุฑ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:55,330 --> 00:06:01,500
319
+ ุงู„ grid page ุตุญุŸู…ู‚ุณู… ู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:01,500 --> 00:06:06,280
323
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† in
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:06,280 --> 00:06:10,400
327
+ large designs notably those of structure grids are
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:15,260
331
+ used for horizontal positioning ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:15,260 --> 00:06:19,600
335
+ grid ู„ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:23,760
339
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ grid lines have numbers and
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:29,130
343
+ lettersุงู„ grid lines ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูŠุด
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:29,130 --> 00:06:36,990
347
+ ุงู„ู‚ูู‚ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ ุงุฑู‚ุงู… grid line 123 ูˆ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:36,990 --> 00:06:44,210
351
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด a,b,c,d ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง alphabetically All
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:44,210 --> 00:06:47,890
355
+ grid lines are parallel with one another that is
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:50,550
359
+ they are straight lines and are at regular
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:50,550 --> 00:06:54,890
363
+ distances apart ูƒู„ ุงู„ grid lines ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุณูˆุงุก
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:54,890 --> 00:06:58,430
367
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:58,430 --> 00:07:04,050
371
+ ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎุทูˆุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุงุช ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:04,050 --> 00:07:10,130
375
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ ุฎุทูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุฎุทูŠู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:10,130 --> 00:07:18,610
379
+ ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุงุชู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ..
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:18,610 --> 00:07:22,470
383
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:22,470 --> 00:07:27,470
387
+ parallel ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุทุจ ุงู„ perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:27,470 --> 00:07:34,510
391
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดุชุบู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:34,510 --> 00:07:38,410
395
+ perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุนูˆุง at
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:38,410 --> 00:07:42,610
399
+ a right angle ุตุญุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† right angle
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:45,170 --> 00:07:49,630
403
+ ุทูŠุจ letter lines are run parallel with one another
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:49,630 --> 00:07:55,130
407
+ and are perpendicular to the numbered lines ูŠุนู†ูŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:55,130 --> 00:08:00,710
411
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆููŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฃูู‚ูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:00,710 --> 00:08:05,750
415
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃูู‚ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ right
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:05,750 --> 00:08:09,470
419
+ angle ูุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… ู…ุชุนุงู…ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ perpendicular
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:09,470 --> 00:08:17,060
423
+ ุงูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ they joined at right angle or right angles
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:17,060 --> 00:08:24,440
427
+ at right angles the plan ุจู„ุบู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู show part
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:30,060
431
+ of the floor of an office building ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุทุน
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:30,060 --> 00:08:39,320
435
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠูุฑุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠ ู„ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:39,320 --> 00:08:43,400
439
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูƒุงุชุจ the perpendicular grid line intersect at
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:44,120 --> 00:08:49,100
443
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ intersect at ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุชู‚ุงุทุน cross at
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:49,100 --> 00:08:53,440
447
+ the centers of the columns ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ column ุฅูŠุด
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:58,860
451
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฒุงู…ุงุช
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:58,860 --> 00:09:04,440
455
+ ูˆ ููŠู†ุง ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ู„ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุจูƒุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุตุตู‡ ุงู„ุจูŠุช
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:04,440 --> 00:09:09,900
459
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฒุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฃุณูŠ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:09,900 --> 00:09:14,710
463
+ ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุงู„ุฅุญุฒุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:14,710 --> 00:09:20,150
467
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุณ ุงู„ุฅุญุฒุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉุŒ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:20,150 --> 00:09:26,330
471
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูู‡ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ columns ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ an opening hole
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:26,330 --> 00:09:30,630
475
+ in the floor is shown using coordinate dimension
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:30,630 --> 00:09:32,470
479
+ ุฃูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ coordinate dimensionุŸ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:36,180 --> 00:09:41,000
483
+ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ technical
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:45,880
487
+ word ูƒูˆูŠุณ these allow the site engineers to sit
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:50,480
491
+ out ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ sit out mark the position of ูŠุนู†ูŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:50,480 --> 00:09:54,960
495
+ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน sit out mark the position of the
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:54,960 --> 00:09:58,520
499
+ opening by squaring of the grid line making the
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:58,520 --> 00:10:02,160
503
+ lines that run at right angles to them ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:08,400
507
+ square off making ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„/ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:12,520
511
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ then measuring along these lines using a
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:12,520 --> 00:10:18,340
515
+ tape measure ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ tape measure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ู…ุชุฑ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:18,340 --> 00:10:24,340
519
+ ุณู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ุŸ ุงู‡ ุงูŠูˆู‡ุŸ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:24,340 --> 00:10:30,440
523
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆุถูˆ ู„ุงูŠุช
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:35,700
527
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆุถูˆ ู„ุงูŠุช is an optical device used for
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:35,700 --> 00:10:40,040
531
+ measuring angles can be used to square off grid
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:40,040 --> 00:10:44,100
535
+ lines accurately ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:44,100 --> 00:10:48,720
539
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด .. ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒูŠู ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:51,200
543
+ .. ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ููŠูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:52,920
547
+ ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆู„ูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:55,630 --> 00:10:59,950
551
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:59,950 --> 00:11:04,430
555
+ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ุชู… ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ููŠุซุงุบูˆุฑุณุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:04,430 --> 00:11:09,430
559
+ ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด usingุŸ Pythagoras
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:10,140 --> 00:11:14,060
563
+ theorem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠุซุงุบูˆุฑุณ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุงุชุŸ ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:14,060 --> 00:11:18,520
567
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ุณุชุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุน ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฑ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:23,720
571
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:28,600
575
+ ุงู„ู€ ุจู†ุงุก ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:33,320
579
+ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:38,940
583
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู†ูุฑุฌุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ุด .. ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุฑุชุŸ ุตุงุฑุช
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:38,940 --> 00:11:44,260
587
+ ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุขู† to double check
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:44,260 --> 00:11:48,620
591
+ the dimension ุฅูŠุด double check ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูŠุณ ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู…
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:48,620 --> 00:11:54,220
595
+ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุณุงุช double check double check
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:54,220 --> 00:11:58,820
599
+ ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ okay dimension that is carry out an extra
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:58,820 --> 00:12:04,160
603
+ check diagonal measurement can be used as in
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:04,160 --> 00:12:09,030
607
+ engineers sketch ุงู„ู€ ุฏุงูŠุงุฌูˆู†ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:09,030 --> 00:12:12,810
611
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ length of the diagonals
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:12,810 --> 00:12:17,770
615
+ can be calculated using Pythagoras theorem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:17,770 --> 00:12:22,390
619
+ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ููŠุซุงุบูˆุฑุณ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:22,390 --> 00:12:27,550
623
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง parallel ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง parallel
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:27,550 --> 00:12:31,550
627
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:37,980
631
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ diagonal ุงู„ู„ูŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:37,980 --> 00:12:42,580
635
+ ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:42,580 --> 00:12:47,020
639
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:47,020 --> 00:12:53,750
643
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ right angle ุงู„ุขู† exercise 5.1 ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:53,750 --> 00:12:57,370
647
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช look at these sentences about the
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:57,370 --> 00:13:03,030
651
+ design of ship replace the underlying words and
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:03,030 --> 00:13:06,250
655
+ expressions with alternative words and expressions
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:06,250 --> 00:13:09,570
659
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏู„ู‡ู… ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:09,570 --> 00:13:15,170
663
+ ุบุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู€ handrail is fixed by 115
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:15,170 --> 00:13:20,750
667
+ brackets ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ handrailุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุจุฒูŠู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:20,750 --> 00:13:25,050
671
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ู„ุนุจ ู„ู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:25,050 --> 00:13:29,890
675
+ ุณูƒุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ hand is fixed by brackets
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:29,890 --> 00:13:33,870
679
+ which are one one seventy five millimeter apart
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:33,870 --> 00:13:38,190
683
+ between their centers ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง at
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:38,190 --> 00:13:43,310
687
+ ู„ุฃ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ at one seventy five millimeter centers
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:43,310 --> 00:13:48,850
691
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู„ุชู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง the
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:48,850 --> 00:13:52,150
695
+ dimensions are measured from the line down the
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:52,150 --> 00:13:55,010
699
+ middle of the ship ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ line down the middleุŸ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:55,010 --> 00:14:01,270
703
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู€ center line how far is the widest
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:01,270 --> 00:14:05,990
707
+ point of the ship located away from the center
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:10,930
711
+ line ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:10,930 --> 00:14:16,250
715
+ ุจุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุฒุญุช ุนู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุŸ offset ู…ุธุจูˆุท
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:17,770 --> 00:14:21,810
719
+ Are the adjacent adjacent linked of the handrail
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:21,810 --> 00:14:26,950
723
+ at 90 degree to each otherุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ adjacentุŸ ุฅูŠุด
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:26,950 --> 00:14:32,830
727
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ adjacentุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด adjacent ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‚ุจู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:32,830 --> 00:14:39,910
731
+ adjacent ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุฃูŠูˆู‡
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:39,910 --> 00:14:43,730
735
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฌู†ุจ ุจุนุถ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง adjacent to each
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:43,730 --> 00:14:47,810
739
+ other ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุช ู…ูŠู† ูˆ who is adjacent to
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:47,810 --> 00:14:53,190
743
+ you ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู†ูƒ ูู‡ู†ุง at
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:53,190 --> 00:14:57,170
747
+ ninety degree at a ninety degree ุฃูˆ at ninety
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:57,170 --> 00:15:01,510
751
+ degrees these dimensions allow you to establish
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:01,510 --> 00:15:03,930
755
+ the position of the whole ุฅูŠุด establish the
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:03,930 --> 00:15:09,030
759
+ position ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง locate ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:09,030 --> 00:15:11,010
763
+ locate establish position
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:14,470 --> 00:15:22,010
767
+ ููŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุจุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู‡ ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ู„ุณุงุชูƒ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:22,010 --> 00:15:26,550
771
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู…ุฎู„ุตุฉ ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:26,550 --> 00:15:32,110
775
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูƒ look at ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ a and b ูˆ replace
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:32,110 --> 00:15:36,190
779
+ these words ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุญุทูŠู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชุงุฑูŠ ุจุณ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:36,190 --> 00:15:41,130
783
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุท ู„ูƒ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ .. ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:46,420 --> 00:15:53,680
787
+ of a handrail at each other ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ hand are
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:53,680 --> 00:16:00,440
791
+ adjacent linked ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ perpendicular to each
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:00,440 --> 00:16:05,200
795
+ other ุจู†ูุน ู‡ูŠ perpendicular ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ at right angle
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:08,220
799
+ ุทูŠุจ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:09,430 --> 00:16:12,690
803
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ five two look at these
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:12,690 --> 00:16:17,950
807
+ extracts from technical discussion on construction
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:17,950 --> 00:16:21,570
811
+ complete these sentences using the words in the
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:21,570 --> 00:16:29,630
815
+ box what they mean by extracts extracts
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:29,630 --> 00:16:35,950
819
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ look at extract from
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:35,950 --> 00:16:38,590
823
+ technical discussion ุงู„ู€ extract
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:41,310 --> 00:16:48,730
827
+ ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุชุŸ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุช ุงู„ู€ extract ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:48,730 --> 00:16:53,770
831
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุชุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุงุฎุฏ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:53,770 --> 00:17:00,150
835
+ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุช according to this
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:00,150 --> 00:17:05,690
839
+ drawing ุฅูŠุดุŸ it runs along the external wall of
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:05,690 --> 00:17:11,320
843
+ this structure ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ According to this
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:11,320 --> 00:17:14,100
847
+ drawing ุจู†ูุน grid lines ูˆู„ุง intersections
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:14,100 --> 00:17:20,020
851
+ parallel perpendicular set out or square upุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:20,020 --> 00:17:24,080
855
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง verbุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฅูŠุด
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:30,800
859
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ ุงู„ู€ grid line according to this drawing
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:30,800 --> 00:17:36,240
863
+ grid line ุทูŠุจ the positions were marked accurately
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:36,240 --> 00:17:39,800
867
+ they were ุฅูŠุดุŸ by our site engineer
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:42,280 --> 00:17:47,740
871
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ set out ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง set out checked
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:47,740 --> 00:17:55,440
875
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ูุญุตุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง the external wall runs
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:55,440 --> 00:18:03,060
879
+ along grid lines one and the internal corridor
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:03,060 --> 00:18:07,520
883
+ wall runs along grid line two so the walls are
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:07,520 --> 00:18:13,510
887
+ with each other ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุฑู‚ูŠู…ุŸ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู€
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:16,690
891
+ grid lines ุฃุฎุฏุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:16,690 --> 00:18:21,130
895
+ parallel ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช one and a ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:21,130 --> 00:18:26,550
899
+ perpendicular ุจุณ one and two ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ู…
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:26,550 --> 00:18:31,830
903
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง parallel ุฎู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุนุงูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู€
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:31,830 --> 00:18:36,350
907
+ grid lines ู…ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ alphabetically ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:36,350 --> 00:18:40,070
911
+ ู…ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง in alphabetical order ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:46,230
915
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ parallel ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ูˆุงุญุฏ numbered ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ alphabetic
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:46,230 --> 00:18:56,030
919
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุงุŸ perpendicular ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุทูŠุจ I've
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:56,030 --> 00:19:00,350
923
+ marked a cross on the concrete floor showing where
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:00,350 --> 00:19:06,830
927
+ the two grid lines ุงู„ู€ cross ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูˆูŠู† where ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:06,830 --> 00:19:10,990
931
+ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ two grid lines ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ intersect ููŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:10,990 --> 00:19:14,890
935
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุญุท x ุจุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุชู‚ุงุทุน
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:14,890 --> 00:19:20,990
939
+ ูƒู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุทูŠุจ we need to show the position of the
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:20,990 --> 00:19:27,550
943
+ corner of the staircase with coordinate dimensions
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:27,550 --> 00:19:34,530
947
+ they should be taken from two grid lines ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:34,530 --> 00:19:43,470
951
+ staircase ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุŸ ุฃูŠูˆู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุฃ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:43,470 --> 00:19:46,150
955
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ we need to show the position of the corner
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:46,150 --> 00:19:51,170
959
+ ุงู„ู€ position ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ corner ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ two
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:51,170 --> 00:19:56,750
963
+ grid lines ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ู…ุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ููŠ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:56,750 --> 00:20:03,330
967
+ hyperpendicular we will use the tidal light to
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:03,330 --> 00:20:08,490
971
+ edge the grid lines and mark a ninety degree
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:08,490 --> 00:20:13,210
975
+ offset ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ optical light ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ optical
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:13,210 --> 00:20:17,750
979
+ light square off ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุทุจุทุจ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:22,040 --> 00:20:26,760
983
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ match .. match the two parts of the
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:26,760 --> 00:20:30,620
987
+ sentences to complete the extract .. extract from
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:30,620 --> 00:20:33,960
991
+ a training manual in civil engineering the follow
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:33,960 --> 00:20:37,440
995
+ .. the following precautions can help to prevent
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:37,440 --> 00:20:42,580
999
+ costly setting out mistakes ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ precautionุŸ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:47,780 --> 00:20:53,380
1003
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุทุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฏูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:53,380 --> 00:20:59,060
1007
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุฌู†ุจูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:59,060 --> 00:21:03,380
1011
+ ู„ุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ prevent costly setting out mistakes
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:03,380 --> 00:21:09,840
1015
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:16,250
1019
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑ always use a steel tape measure
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:16,250 --> 00:21:21,710
1023
+ never a plastic one ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:21,710 --> 00:21:25,910
1027
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุชุฑ plastic to ensure it
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:25,910 --> 00:21:29,090
1031
+ doesn't stretch under tension ุฃูŠูˆุฉ to ensure it
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:29,090 --> 00:21:32,270
1035
+ doesn't stretch under tension ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช plastic
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:32,270 --> 00:21:39,810
1039
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุดุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ stretch ูŠู…ุท ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:39,810 --> 00:21:44,150
1043
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุทุงุฑููŠุด ู„ู„ุฎูŠุงุทูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงูŠุด
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:44,150 --> 00:21:55,550
1047
+ ู…ุชุฑ ุฌู„ุฏูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุด ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:55,550 --> 00:21:59,650
1051
+ ุจุณ ุทูˆูŠู„ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:59,650 --> 00:22:04,620
1055
+ ู‡ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุญุจ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู…ุนู‡ู… ุดูˆ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:04,620 --> 00:22:08,460
1059
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู‚ู‰ุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุตุบูŠุฑ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:08,460 --> 00:22:11,840
1063
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:16,560
1067
+ ู…ุชุฑ ุจุณ ุงู„ car car ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ูุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูŠุณ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:21,580
1071
+ ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณุด ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจูŠุณุญุจ ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูˆ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:21,580 --> 00:22:24,020
1075
+ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุชู‡ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู…
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:24,020 --> 00:22:27,400
1079
+ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณูˆุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุชุฑ ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:30,960
1083
+ car car ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ .. ู…ุชุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:30,960 --> 00:22:36,120
1087
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู‡ check that both diagonals of the
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:39,840
1091
+ rectangular shape are equal ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ุฃู†ุง
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:39,840 --> 00:22:45,040
1095
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงูŠุด
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:49,840
1099
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุถู„ุนูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุจู„ูŠู†
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:53,380
1103
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงูŠุด
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:53,380 --> 00:22:57,720
1107
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:57,720 --> 00:23:02,370
1111
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูุฑุฒ ุฃุฑุถ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:02,370 --> 00:23:07,230
1115
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:07,230 --> 00:23:10,250
1119
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:10,250 --> 00:23:16,350
1123
+ ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ to check
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:16,350 --> 00:23:20,590
1127
+ the corners are at right angles ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุญู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:20,590 --> 00:23:24,390
1131
+ diagonalุŒ diagonal to check the angles measure
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:24,390 --> 00:23:27,990
1135
+ dimensions in two directions from parallel grid
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:27,990 --> 00:23:28,570
1139
+ lines
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:31,880 --> 00:23:37,000
1143
+ to double check measurement ุฅุฐุง ุฌุฆุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฎุทูŠู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:40,540
1147
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆู‚ุณุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:40,540 --> 00:23:48,380
1151
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู…ุถู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุฃุฎุทุงุก add
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:48,380 --> 00:23:54,740
1155
+ up chains dimensions give running dimensionsto
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:54,740 --> 00:23:58,720
1159
+ prevent slight errors being multiplied ุนุดุงู† ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:03,440
1163
+ error ู…ุง ูŠุฒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฏุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ running meter
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:08,980
1167
+ ู„ูŠุคูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุง ู†ู†ูˆูŠ ู†ุญู† ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ู„ู„ quiz
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:08,980 --> 00:24:09,560
1171
+ ุชุจุนูƒู…
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/I-OM6cRV6Nw_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1172 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,850 --> 00:00:24,850
3
+ ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,850 --> 00:00:25,510
7
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:25,510 --> 00:00:25,730
11
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:25,730 --> 00:00:26,330
15
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,330 --> 00:00:28,010
19
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,010 --> 00:00:30,630
23
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,630 --> 00:00:31,150
27
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:31,150 --> 00:00:31,710
31
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:31,710 --> 00:00:40,270
35
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:40,270 --> 00:00:46,660
39
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎthe distances between the holes
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:46,660 --> 00:00:50,540
43
+ can be shown as running dimensions or as chain
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:50,540 --> 00:00:56,340
47
+ dimensions ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ุŸ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:56,340 --> 00:00:59,880
51
+ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ููŠูƒู… ุจุดูˆู ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:59,880 --> 00:01:05,980
55
+ America sport ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุฒูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,980 --> 00:01:08,880
59
+ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ meter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:15,030
63
+ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุฑูŠู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,030 --> 00:01:20,350
67
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุณ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:20,350 --> 00:01:23,530
71
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,530 --> 00:01:25,210
75
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:25,210 --> 00:01:26,470
79
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:26,470 --> 00:01:30,050
83
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:30,050 --> 00:01:38,210
87
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:38,210 --> 00:01:41,830
91
+ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:41,830 --> 00:01:49,230
95
+ ุณู„ูƒ ุฃูˆ ุญุจู„ ุจุณ ุงู„ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,230 --> 00:01:55,070
99
+ ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:55,070 --> 00:02:00,250
103
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ chain ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ American
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:00,250 --> 00:02:05,610
107
+ sport ููŠ chain ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุนุดุฑุฉ yardูุจูŠุฌุฑุณูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:05,610 --> 00:02:09,210
111
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุงุฑุฏ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ู…ู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:09,210 --> 00:02:12,970
115
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุงุฑุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุญุจูˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ chain ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:12,970 --> 00:02:17,970
119
+ plastic ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู…ุฏ ุตุญ ุงูˆ ูŠู†ูƒู…ุด ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:17,970 --> 00:02:24,590
123
+ chain ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠู…ุฏุด ุตุญ ูู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ chain
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:27,610
127
+ dimensions or running dimension ุงู„ running
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:27,610 --> 00:02:33,150
131
+ dimension ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ู‡ ุณุงุญุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุทูˆูŠู„In
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,150 --> 00:02:37,250
135
+ both cases, the center line aligned through the
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:37,250 --> 00:02:41,190
139
+ center of the holes is measured is marked down and
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:41,190 --> 00:02:44,870
143
+ the distances between the center lines are given
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:44,870 --> 00:02:49,150
147
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูŠุณ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ hole ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:51,820 --> 00:02:56,880
151
+ ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:56,880 --> 00:03:01,120
155
+ ู…ุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:05,320
159
+ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุจุฌูŠุณ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ center
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:05,320 --> 00:03:09,320
163
+ of the hole ู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฌูŠุณ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:13,780
167
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุญูุฑุชูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠุณ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:13,780 --> 00:03:17,900
171
+ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญูุฑุชูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุฌูŠุณ ู…ู† ู†ุต ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:17,900 --> 00:03:21,760
175
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ center ู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:21,760 --> 00:03:26,680
179
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ center ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:30,520
183
+ distance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุงุด ุงุญุชู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ center line ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:34,860
187
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ center ุงู„ู„ูŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:34,860 --> 00:03:38,800
191
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ distances between center lines are called
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:45,400
195
+ center to centerThe holes below are at 100mm
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:50,700
199
+ centers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุงู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:50,700 --> 00:03:55,940
203
+ ุงุฎุฏุชุŸ ู‡ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ center ุงู„ center ู‡ุงู† ู‡ู‰ 100 200 300
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:55,940 --> 00:04:00,040
207
+ ู‡ุฏู‰ running dimension ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฎุฏุช ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:03,740
211
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ุงู† ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ุช ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ it's chain dimension ุงูŠุด
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:03,740 --> 00:04:10,560
215
+ ุงุฎุฏุชุŸู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:11,680
219
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:11,680 --> 00:04:13,160
223
+ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:13,200
227
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:13,400
231
+ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:16,360
235
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:18,220
239
+ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:18,220 --> 00:04:20,720
243
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:29,300
247
+ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ note ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:33,540
251
+ written note ุงูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ CC from center to
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:33,540 --> 00:04:42,120
255
+ center ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒุงู…ุŸ one hundred millimeter center
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:47,030
259
+ lines are often used as reference pointsุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:47,030 --> 00:04:51,550
263
+ ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠุฉ these can be measured from in
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:51,550 --> 00:04:55,150
267
+ order to locate that is give the position of
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:55,150 --> 00:05:00,890
271
+ points on components ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุงุนุฑู ู…ูƒุงู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:00,890 --> 00:05:06,730
275
+ locate ุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน give the position the
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:06,730 --> 00:05:10,830
279
+ measurement are offset from the center lines ุงูŠุด
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:10,830 --> 00:05:18,220
283
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ offsetุŸ ู„ุฃุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุงุฒุงุญุฉ ุชู†ุฒุงุญ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:18,220 --> 00:05:23,280
287
+ shifted ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ shifted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:23,280 --> 00:05:27,540
291
+ offset from the center line each is at a certain
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:27,540 --> 00:05:32,090
295
+ distance from it and the offsets are measured ata
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:32,090 --> 00:05:36,570
299
+ right angle to the center lines at 90 degrees to
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:36,570 --> 00:05:39,750
303
+ it ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ right at right angle ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:39,750 --> 00:05:44,050
307
+ right angle ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู… ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:44,050 --> 00:05:49,990
311
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ grades ุงูŠุด
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:49,990 --> 00:05:55,330
315
+ ุงู„ gradesุŸ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุฏูุชุฑ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:55,330 --> 00:06:01,500
319
+ ุงู„ grade page ุตุญุŸู…ู‚ุณู… ู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:01,500 --> 00:06:06,280
323
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† in
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:06,280 --> 00:06:10,400
327
+ large designs notably those of structure grids are
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:15,260
331
+ used for horizontal positioning ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:15,260 --> 00:06:19,600
335
+ grid ู„ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:23,760
339
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ grid lines have numbers and
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:29,130
343
+ lettersุงู„ grid lines ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูŠุด
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:29,130 --> 00:06:36,990
347
+ ุงู„ู‚ูู‚ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ ุงุฑู‚ุงู… grid line 123 ูˆ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:36,990 --> 00:06:44,210
351
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด a,b,c,d ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง alphabeticallyAll
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:44,210 --> 00:06:47,890
355
+ grid lines are parallel with one another that is
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:50,550
359
+ they are straight lines and are at regular
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:50,550 --> 00:06:54,890
363
+ distances apart ูƒู„ ุงู„ grid lines ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุณูˆุงุก
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:54,890 --> 00:06:58,430
367
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุชูˆุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:58,430 --> 00:07:04,050
371
+ ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎุทูˆุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุงุช ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:04,050 --> 00:07:10,130
375
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ ุฎุทูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุฎุทูŠู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:10,130 --> 00:07:18,610
379
+ ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุงุชู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ..
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:18,610 --> 00:07:22,470
383
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:22,470 --> 00:07:27,470
387
+ parallel ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุทุจ ุงู„ perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:27,470 --> 00:07:34,510
391
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดุชุบู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:34,510 --> 00:07:38,410
395
+ perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุนูˆุง at
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:38,410 --> 00:07:42,610
399
+ a right angle ุตุญุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† right angle
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:45,170 --> 00:07:49,630
403
+ ุทูŠุจ letter lines are run parallel with one another
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:49,630 --> 00:07:55,130
407
+ and are perpendicular to the numbered lines ูŠุนู†ูŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:55,130 --> 00:08:00,710
411
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆููŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฃูู‚ูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:00,710 --> 00:08:05,750
415
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃูู‚ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ right
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:05,750 --> 00:08:09,470
419
+ angle ูุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… ู…ุชุนุงู…ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ perpendicular
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:09,470 --> 00:08:17,060
423
+ ุงูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ they joined atright angle ุงูˆ right angles
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:17,060 --> 00:08:24,440
427
+ at right angles the plan ุจู„ุบู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู show part
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:30,060
431
+ of the floor of an office building ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุทุน
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:30,060 --> 00:08:39,320
435
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠูุฑุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠ ู„ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:39,320 --> 00:08:43,400
439
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูƒุงุชุจ the perpendicular grid line intersect at
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:44,120 --> 00:08:49,100
443
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ intersect at ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุชู‚ุงุทุน cross at
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:49,100 --> 00:08:53,440
447
+ the centers of the columns ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ column ุฅูŠุด
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:58,860
451
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฒุงู…ุงุช
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:58,860 --> 00:09:04,440
455
+ ูˆ ููŠู†ุง ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ู„ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุจูƒุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุตุตู‡ ุงู„ุจูŠุช
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:04,440 --> 00:09:09,900
459
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฒุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฃุณูŠ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:09,900 --> 00:09:14,710
463
+ ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุงู„ุฅุญุฒุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:14,710 --> 00:09:20,150
467
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุณ ุงู„ุฅุญุฒุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉุŒ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:20,150 --> 00:09:26,330
471
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูู‡ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ columns ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ an opening hole
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:26,330 --> 00:09:30,630
475
+ in the floor is shown using coordinate dimension
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:30,630 --> 00:09:32,470
479
+ ุฃูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ coordinate dimensionุŸ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:36,180 --> 00:09:41,000
483
+ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ technical
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:45,880
487
+ word ูƒูˆูŠุณ these allow the site engineers to sit
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:50,480
491
+ out ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ sit out mark the position of ูŠุนู†ูŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:50,480 --> 00:09:54,960
495
+ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน sit out mark the position of the
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:54,960 --> 00:09:58,520
499
+ opening by squaring of the grid line making the
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:58,520 --> 00:10:02,160
503
+ lines that run at right angle to them ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:08,400
507
+ square of making ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:12,520
511
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ then measuring along these lines using a
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:12,520 --> 00:10:18,340
515
+ tape measure ุงูŠุด ุงู„ tape measure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ู…ุชุฑ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:18,340 --> 00:10:24,340
519
+ ุณู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ุŸ ุงู‡ ุงูŠูˆู‡ุŸ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:24,340 --> 00:10:30,440
523
+ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุนุฏุฉ ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูŠ ุงูˆุถูˆ ู„ุงูŠุช
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:35,700
527
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุงูˆุถูˆ ู„ุงูŠุช is an optical device used for
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:35,700 --> 00:10:40,040
531
+ measuring angles can be used to square off grid
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:40,040 --> 00:10:44,100
535
+ lines accurately ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจู‚ูŠูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:44,100 --> 00:10:48,720
539
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงูŠุด .. ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒูŠู ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:51,200
543
+ .. ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ููŠูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:52,920
547
+ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆู„ูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:55,630 --> 00:10:59,950
551
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูˆุด ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:59,950 --> 00:11:04,430
555
+ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ Vita-courseุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:04,430 --> 00:11:09,430
559
+ ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด using? Pythagoras
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:10,140 --> 00:11:14,060
563
+ theorem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ vita course ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุงุชุŸ ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:14,060 --> 00:11:18,520
567
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุจุช ุณุชุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุน ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฑ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:23,720
571
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:28,600
575
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุฉ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูˆุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจู‚ูŠุณ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:33,320
579
+ ุจุญุฏุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ูุงุชุญุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ูุงุชุญุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:38,940
583
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ู…ู†ูุฑุฌุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ุด .. ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด ุตุงุฑุชุŸุตุงุฑุช
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:38,940 --> 00:11:44,260
587
+ ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุงู† to double check
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:44,260 --> 00:11:48,620
591
+ the dimension ุฅูŠุด double check ุฃู†ุง ุจุฌูŠุณ ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู…
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:48,620 --> 00:11:54,220
595
+ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุณู…ูŠุฉ double check double check
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:54,220 --> 00:11:58,820
599
+ ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ okay dimension that is carry out an extra
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:58,820 --> 00:12:04,160
603
+ check diagonal measurement can be used as in
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:04,160 --> 00:12:09,030
607
+ engineers sketchุงู„ุฏูŠุงุฌูˆู†ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:09,030 --> 00:12:12,810
611
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ length of the diagonals
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:12,810 --> 00:12:17,770
615
+ can be calculated using Pythagoras theorem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:17,770 --> 00:12:22,390
619
+ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑูŠุฉ Pythagoras ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:22,390 --> 00:12:27,550
623
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง parallel ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง parallel
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:27,550 --> 00:12:31,550
627
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:37,980
631
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ diagonal ุงู„ู„ูŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:37,980 --> 00:12:42,580
635
+ ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:42,580 --> 00:12:47,020
639
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:47,020 --> 00:12:53,750
643
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ right angleุงู„ุงู† exercise 5.1 ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:53,750 --> 00:12:57,370
647
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช look at these sentences about the
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:57,370 --> 00:13:03,030
651
+ design of ship replace the underlying words and
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:03,030 --> 00:13:06,250
655
+ expressions with alternative words and expressions
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:06,250 --> 00:13:09,570
659
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏู„ู‡ู… ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:09,570 --> 00:13:15,170
663
+ ุบุทู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ handrail is fixed by 115
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:15,170 --> 00:13:20,750
667
+ brackets ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ handrailุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑ ุงู„ูŠุฏูˆูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:20,750 --> 00:13:25,050
671
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ู„ุนุจ ู„ู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:25,050 --> 00:13:29,890
675
+ ุณูƒุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ hand is fixed by brackets
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:29,890 --> 00:13:33,870
679
+ which are one one seventy five millimeter apart
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:33,870 --> 00:13:38,190
683
+ between their centers ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง at
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:38,190 --> 00:13:43,310
687
+ ู„ุฃ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ at one seventy five millimeter centers
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:43,310 --> 00:13:48,850
691
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู„ุชู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงthe
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:48,850 --> 00:13:52,150
695
+ dimensions are measured from the line down the
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:52,150 --> 00:13:55,010
699
+ middle of the ship ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ line down the middleุŸ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:55,010 --> 00:14:01,270
703
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ center line how far is the widest
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:01,270 --> 00:14:05,990
707
+ point of the ship located away from the center
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:10,930
711
+ line ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:10,930 --> 00:14:16,250
715
+ ุจุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุฒุญุช ุนู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุŸ offset ู…ุธุจูˆุท
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:17,770 --> 00:14:21,810
719
+ Are the adjacent adjacent linked of the handrail
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:21,810 --> 00:14:26,950
723
+ at 90 degree to each otherุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ adjacentุŸ ุฅูŠุด
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:26,950 --> 00:14:32,830
727
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ adjacentุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด adjacent ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‚ุจู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:32,830 --> 00:14:39,910
731
+ adjacent ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:39,910 --> 00:14:43,730
735
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฌู†ุจ ุจุนุถ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง adjacent to each
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:43,730 --> 00:14:47,810
739
+ otherุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ุช ู…ูŠู† ูˆ who is adjacent to
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:47,810 --> 00:14:53,190
743
+ you ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู†ูƒ ูู‡ู†ุง at
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:53,190 --> 00:14:57,170
747
+ ninety degree at a ninety degree ุงูˆ at ninety
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:57,170 --> 00:15:01,510
751
+ degrees these dimensions allow you to establish
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:01,510 --> 00:15:03,930
755
+ the position of the whole ุงูŠุด establish the
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:03,930 --> 00:15:09,030
759
+ position ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง locate ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:09,030 --> 00:15:11,010
763
+ locate establish position
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:14,470 --> 00:15:22,010
767
+ ูู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูู‰ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุจุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู‡ ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุช ู„ุณุงุชูƒ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:22,010 --> 00:15:26,550
771
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู…ุฎู„ุตุฉ ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:26,550 --> 00:15:32,110
775
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ look at ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ a and b ูˆ replace
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:32,110 --> 00:15:36,190
779
+ these words ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุญุทูŠู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชุงุฑูŠ ุจุณ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:36,190 --> 00:15:41,130
783
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุทู„ูƒ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ .. ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:46,420 --> 00:15:53,680
787
+ of a handrail at each other ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ hand are
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:53,680 --> 00:16:00,440
791
+ adjacent linked ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ perpendicular to each
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:00,440 --> 00:16:05,200
795
+ other ุจู†ูุน ู‡ูŠ perpendicular ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ at right angle
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:08,220
799
+ ุทูŠุจ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:09,430 --> 00:16:12,690
803
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ five two look at these
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:12,690 --> 00:16:17,950
807
+ extracts from technical discussion on construction
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:17,950 --> 00:16:21,570
811
+ complete these sentences using the words in the
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:21,570 --> 00:16:29,630
815
+ box what they mean by extracts extracts
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:29,630 --> 00:16:35,950
819
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ look at extract from
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:35,950 --> 00:16:38,590
823
+ technical discussion ุงู„ extract
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:41,310 --> 00:16:48,730
827
+ ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุชุŸ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุช ุงู„ extract ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:48,730 --> 00:16:53,770
831
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุชุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชุงุฎุฏ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:53,770 --> 00:17:00,150
835
+ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุช according to this
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:00,150 --> 00:17:05,690
839
+ drawing ุฅูŠุดุŸ it runs along the external wall of
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:05,690 --> 00:17:11,320
843
+ this structure ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„According to this
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:11,320 --> 00:17:14,100
847
+ drawing ุจู†ูุน grid lines ูˆ ู„ุง intersections
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:14,100 --> 00:17:20,020
851
+ parallel perpendicular set out or square upุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:20,020 --> 00:17:24,080
855
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง verbุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฅูŠุด
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:30,800
859
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŸ ุงู„ grid line according to this drawing
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:30,800 --> 00:17:36,240
863
+ grid line ุทูŠุจ the positions were marked accurately
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:36,240 --> 00:17:39,800
867
+ they were ุฅูŠุดุŸ by our site engineer
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:42,280 --> 00:17:47,740
871
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ sit out ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง sit out checked
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:47,740 --> 00:17:55,440
875
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ูุญุตุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง the external wall runs
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:55,440 --> 00:18:03,060
879
+ along grid lines one and the internal corridor
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:03,060 --> 00:18:07,520
883
+ wall runs along grid line two so the walls are
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:07,520 --> 00:18:13,510
887
+ with each other ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุฑู‚ูŠู…ุŸุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:16,690
891
+ grid lines ุฃุฎุฏุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:16,690 --> 00:18:21,130
895
+ parallel ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช one and a ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:21,130 --> 00:18:26,550
899
+ perpendicular ุจุณ one and two ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ู…
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:26,550 --> 00:18:31,830
903
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง parallel ุฎู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุนุงูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชูƒูˆุง ุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:31,830 --> 00:18:36,350
907
+ grid lines ู…ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ alphabetically ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:36,350 --> 00:18:40,070
911
+ ู…ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง in alphabetical order ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:46,230
915
+ ุฅูŠุดุจุฑุฑูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ูˆุงุญุฏ numbered ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ alphabetic
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:46,230 --> 00:18:56,030
919
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง perpendicular ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุทูŠุจ I've
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:56,030 --> 00:19:00,350
923
+ marked a cross on the concrete floor showing where
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:00,350 --> 00:19:06,830
927
+ the two grid lines ุงู„ cross ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูˆูŠู† where ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:06,830 --> 00:19:10,990
931
+ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ two grid lines ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู…intersect ููŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:10,990 --> 00:19:14,890
935
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุญุท x ุจุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุชู‚ุงุทุน
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:14,890 --> 00:19:20,990
939
+ ูƒู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุทูŠุจ we need to show the position of the
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:20,990 --> 00:19:27,550
943
+ corner of the staircase with coordinate dimensions
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:27,550 --> 00:19:34,530
947
+ they should be taken from two grid lines ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:34,530 --> 00:19:43,470
951
+ staircase ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุŸุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ู… ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุฃ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:43,470 --> 00:19:46,150
955
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ we need to show the position of the corner
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:46,150 --> 00:19:51,170
959
+ ุงู„ position ุชุจุน ุงู„ corner ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ two
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:51,170 --> 00:19:56,750
963
+ grid lines ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ู…ุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ููŠ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:56,750 --> 00:20:03,330
967
+ hyperpendicular we will use the tidal light to
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:03,330 --> 00:20:08,490
971
+ edge the grid lines and mark a ninety degree
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:08,490 --> 00:20:13,210
975
+ offsetุฅูŠุด ุงู„ order light ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ order
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:13,210 --> 00:20:17,750
979
+ light square off ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุทุจุท ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:22,040 --> 00:20:26,760
983
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ match .. match the two parts of the
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:26,760 --> 00:20:30,620
987
+ sentences to complete the extract .. extract from
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:30,620 --> 00:20:33,960
991
+ a training manual in civil engineering the follow
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:33,960 --> 00:20:37,440
995
+ .. the following precautions can help to prevent
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:37,440 --> 00:20:42,580
999
+ costly sitting out mistakes ุงูŠุด ุงู„ precautionุŸ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:47,780 --> 00:20:53,380
1003
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุทุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฏูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:53,380 --> 00:20:59,060
1007
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุฌู†ุจูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠุฉ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:59,060 --> 00:21:03,380
1011
+ ู„ุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ prevent costly setting out mistakes
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:03,380 --> 00:21:09,840
1015
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:16,250
1019
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑalways use a steel tape measure
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:16,250 --> 00:21:21,710
1023
+ never a plastic one ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:21,710 --> 00:21:25,910
1027
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุชุฑ plastic to ensure it
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:25,910 --> 00:21:29,090
1031
+ doesn't stretch under tension ุงูŠูˆุฉ to ensure it
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:29,090 --> 00:21:32,270
1035
+ doesn't stretch under tension ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช plastic
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:32,270 --> 00:21:39,810
1039
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุดุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ stretch ูŠู…ุท ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:39,810 --> 00:21:44,150
1043
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุทุงุฑููŠุด ู„ู„ุฎูŠุงุทูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงูŠุด
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:44,150 --> 00:21:55,550
1047
+ ู…ุชุฑ ุฌู„ุฏูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุด ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:55,550 --> 00:21:59,650
1051
+ ุจุณ ุทูˆูŠู„ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:59,650 --> 00:22:04,620
1055
+ ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุญุจ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู…ุนู‡ู…ุดูˆ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:04,620 --> 00:22:08,460
1059
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู‚ู‰ุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุตุบูŠุฑ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:08,460 --> 00:22:11,840
1063
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:16,560
1067
+ ู…ุชุฑ ุจุณ ุงู„ car car ุจูˆุตู„ ู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ู‚ูŠุต
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:21,580
1071
+ ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณุด ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจูŠุณุญุจ ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูˆ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:21,580 --> 00:22:24,020
1075
+ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุชู‡ ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู…
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:24,020 --> 00:22:27,400
1079
+ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณูˆุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุชุฑ ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:30,960
1083
+ car car ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ .. ู…ุชุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:30,960 --> 00:22:36,120
1087
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู‡check that both diagonals of the
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:39,840
1091
+ rectangular shape are equal ุงู„ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ุฃู†ุง
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:39,840 --> 00:22:45,040
1095
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุฃูŠุด ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃูŠุด
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:49,840
1099
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุถู„ุนูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุจู„ูŠู†
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:53,380
1103
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃูŠุด
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:53,380 --> 00:22:57,720
1107
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:57,720 --> 00:23:02,370
1111
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูุฑุฒ ุฃุฑุถุจุฌูŠุณ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:02,370 --> 00:23:07,230
1115
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ ุจุฌูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ู‡ุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:07,230 --> 00:23:10,250
1119
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:10,250 --> 00:23:16,350
1123
+ ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ to check
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:16,350 --> 00:23:20,590
1127
+ the corners are at right angles ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุญู†ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:20,590 --> 00:23:24,390
1131
+ diagonalุŒ diagonal to check the angles measure
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:24,390 --> 00:23:27,990
1135
+ dimensions in two directions from parallel grid
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:27,990 --> 00:23:28,570
1139
+ lines
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:31,880 --> 00:23:37,000
1143
+ to double check measurement ุฅุฐุง ุฌูŠุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฎุทูŠู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:40,540
1147
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆู‚ุตุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:40,540 --> 00:23:48,380
1151
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุถู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุฃุฎุทุงุก add
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:48,380 --> 00:23:54,740
1155
+ up chains dimensions give running dimensionsto
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:54,740 --> 00:23:58,720
1159
+ prevent slight errors being multiplied ุนุดุงู† ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:03,440
1163
+ error ู…ุงูŠุฒูŠุฏุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ running meter
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:08,980
1167
+ ู„ุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุง ุจู†ุจุบูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ู„ ุงู„ quiz
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:08,980 --> 00:24:09,560
1171
+ ุชุจุนูƒู…
1172
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/I-OM6cRV6Nw_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1172 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,850 --> 00:00:24,850
3
+ ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,850 --> 00:00:25,510
7
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:25,510 --> 00:00:25,730
11
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:25,730 --> 00:00:26,330
15
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,330 --> 00:00:28,010
19
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,010 --> 00:00:30,630
23
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,630 --> 00:00:31,150
27
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:31,150 --> 00:00:31,710
31
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:31,710 --> 00:00:40,270
35
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:40,270 --> 00:00:46,660
39
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฎthe distances between the holes
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:46,660 --> 00:00:50,540
43
+ can be shown as running dimensions or as chain
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:50,540 --> 00:00:56,340
47
+ dimensions ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ุŸ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:56,340 --> 00:00:59,880
51
+ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ููŠูƒู… ุจุดูˆู ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:59,880 --> 00:01:05,980
55
+ America sport ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุฒูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,980 --> 00:01:08,880
59
+ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ meter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:15,030
63
+ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุฑูŠู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,030 --> 00:01:20,350
67
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุณ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:20,350 --> 00:01:23,530
71
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,530 --> 00:01:25,210
75
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:25,210 --> 00:01:26,470
79
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:26,470 --> 00:01:30,050
83
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:30,050 --> 00:01:38,210
87
+ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:38,210 --> 00:01:41,830
91
+ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:41,830 --> 00:01:49,230
95
+ ุณู„ูƒ ุฃูˆ ุญุจู„ ุจุณ ุงู„ chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,230 --> 00:01:55,070
99
+ ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:55,070 --> 00:02:00,250
103
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ chain ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ American
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:00,250 --> 00:02:05,610
107
+ sport ููŠ chain ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุนุดุฑุฉ yardูุจูŠุฌุฑุณูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:05,610 --> 00:02:09,210
111
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุงุฑุฏ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ู…ู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:09,210 --> 00:02:12,970
115
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠุงุฑุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุญุจูˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ chain ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:12,970 --> 00:02:17,970
119
+ plastic ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู…ุฏ ุตุญ ุงูˆ ูŠู†ูƒู…ุด ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:17,970 --> 00:02:24,590
123
+ chain ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠู…ุฏุด ุตุญ ูู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ chain
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:27,610
127
+ dimensions or running dimension ุงู„ running
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:27,610 --> 00:02:33,150
131
+ dimension ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ู‡ ุณุงุญุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุทูˆูŠู„In
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,150 --> 00:02:37,250
135
+ both cases, the center line aligned through the
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:37,250 --> 00:02:41,190
139
+ center of the holes is measured is marked down and
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:41,190 --> 00:02:44,870
143
+ the distances between the center lines are given
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:44,870 --> 00:02:49,150
147
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูŠุณ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ hole ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:51,820 --> 00:02:56,880
151
+ ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:56,880 --> 00:03:01,120
155
+ ู…ุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:05,320
159
+ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุจุฌูŠุณ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ center
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:05,320 --> 00:03:09,320
163
+ of the hole ู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฌูŠุณ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:13,780
167
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุญูุฑุชูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠุณ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:13,780 --> 00:03:17,900
171
+ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญูุฑุชูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุฌูŠุณ ู…ู† ู†ุต ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:17,900 --> 00:03:21,760
175
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ center ู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:21,760 --> 00:03:26,680
179
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ center ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:30,520
183
+ distance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุงุด ุงุญุชู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ center line ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:34,860
187
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ center ุงู„ู„ูŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:34,860 --> 00:03:38,800
191
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ distances between center lines are called
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:45,400
195
+ center to centerThe holes below are at 100mm
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:50,700
199
+ centers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุงู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:50,700 --> 00:03:55,940
203
+ ุงุฎุฏุชุŸ ู‡ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ center ุงู„ center ู‡ุงู† ู‡ู‰ 100 200 300
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:55,940 --> 00:04:00,040
207
+ ู‡ุฏู‰ running dimension ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฎุฏุช ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:03,740
211
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ุงู† ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ุช ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ it's chain dimension ุงูŠุด
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:03,740 --> 00:04:10,560
215
+ ุงุฎุฏุชุŸู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:11,680
219
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:11,680 --> 00:04:13,160
223
+ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:13,200
227
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:13,400
231
+ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:16,360
235
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:18,220
239
+ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:18,220 --> 00:04:20,720
243
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:29,300
247
+ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ 100 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ note ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:33,540
251
+ written note ุงูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ CC from center to
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:33,540 --> 00:04:42,120
255
+ center ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒุงู…ุŸ one hundred millimeter center
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:47,030
259
+ lines are often used as reference pointsุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:47,030 --> 00:04:51,550
263
+ ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฑุฌุนูŠุฉ these can be measured from in
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:51,550 --> 00:04:55,150
267
+ order to locate that is give the position of
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:55,150 --> 00:05:00,890
271
+ points on components ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุงุนุฑู ู…ูƒุงู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:00,890 --> 00:05:06,730
275
+ locate ุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน give the position the
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:06,730 --> 00:05:10,830
279
+ measurement are offset from the center lines ุงูŠุด
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:10,830 --> 00:05:18,220
283
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ offsetุŸ ู„ุฃุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุงุฒุงุญุฉ ุชู†ุฒุงุญ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:18,220 --> 00:05:23,280
287
+ shifted ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ shifted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:23,280 --> 00:05:27,540
291
+ offset from the center line each is at a certain
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:27,540 --> 00:05:32,090
295
+ distance from it and the offsets are measured ata
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:32,090 --> 00:05:36,570
299
+ right angle to the center lines at 90 degrees to
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:36,570 --> 00:05:39,750
303
+ it ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ right at right angle ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:39,750 --> 00:05:44,050
307
+ right angle ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู… ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:44,050 --> 00:05:49,990
311
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ grades ุงูŠุด
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:49,990 --> 00:05:55,330
315
+ ุงู„ gradesุŸ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุฏูุชุฑ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:55,330 --> 00:06:01,500
319
+ ุงู„ grade page ุตุญุŸู…ู‚ุณู… ู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:01,500 --> 00:06:06,280
323
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† in
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:06,280 --> 00:06:10,400
327
+ large designs notably those of structure grids are
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:15,260
331
+ used for horizontal positioning ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:15,260 --> 00:06:19,600
335
+ grid ู„ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุฏุฏ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:23,760
339
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ grid lines have numbers and
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:29,130
343
+ lettersุงู„ grid lines ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูŠุด
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:29,130 --> 00:06:36,990
347
+ ุงู„ู‚ูู‚ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ ุงุฑู‚ุงู… grid line 123 ูˆ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:36,990 --> 00:06:44,210
351
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด a,b,c,d ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง alphabeticallyAll
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:44,210 --> 00:06:47,890
355
+ grid lines are parallel with one another that is
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:50,550
359
+ they are straight lines and are at regular
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:50,550 --> 00:06:54,890
363
+ distances apart ูƒู„ ุงู„ grid lines ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุณูˆุงุก
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:54,890 --> 00:06:58,430
367
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุชูˆุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:58,430 --> 00:07:04,050
371
+ ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎุทูˆุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุงุช ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:04,050 --> 00:07:10,130
375
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒูŠ ุฎุทูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุฎุทูŠู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:10,130 --> 00:07:18,610
379
+ ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุงุชู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ..
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:18,610 --> 00:07:22,470
383
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:22,470 --> 00:07:27,470
387
+ parallel ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุทุจ ุงู„ perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:27,470 --> 00:07:34,510
391
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดุชุบู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:34,510 --> 00:07:38,410
395
+ perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุนูˆุง at
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:38,410 --> 00:07:42,610
399
+ a right angle ุตุญุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† right angle
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:45,170 --> 00:07:49,630
403
+ ุทูŠุจ letter lines are run parallel with one another
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:49,630 --> 00:07:55,130
407
+ and are perpendicular to the numbered lines ูŠุนู†ูŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:55,130 --> 00:08:00,710
411
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆููŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฃูู‚ูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:00,710 --> 00:08:05,750
415
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃูู‚ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ right
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:05,750 --> 00:08:09,470
419
+ angle ูุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… ู…ุชุนุงู…ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ perpendicular
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:09,470 --> 00:08:17,060
423
+ ุงูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ they joined atright angle ุงูˆ right angles
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:17,060 --> 00:08:24,440
427
+ at right angles the plan ุจู„ุบู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู show part
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:30,060
431
+ of the floor of an office building ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุทุน
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:30,060 --> 00:08:39,320
435
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠูุฑุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠ ู„ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุงูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:39,320 --> 00:08:43,400
439
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูƒุงุชุจ the perpendicular grid line intersect at
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:44,120 --> 00:08:49,100
443
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ intersect at ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุชู‚ุงุทุน cross at
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:49,100 --> 00:08:53,440
447
+ the centers of the columns ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ column ุฅูŠุด
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:58,860
451
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฒุงู…ุงุช
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:58,860 --> 00:09:04,440
455
+ ูˆ ููŠู†ุง ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ู„ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุจูƒุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุตุตู‡ ุงู„ุจูŠุช
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:04,440 --> 00:09:09,900
459
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฒุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฃุณูŠ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:09,900 --> 00:09:14,710
463
+ ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุงู„ุฅุญุฒุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:14,710 --> 00:09:20,150
467
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุณ ุงู„ุฅุญุฒุงู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉุŒ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:20,150 --> 00:09:26,330
471
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูู‡ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ columns ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ an opening hole
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:26,330 --> 00:09:30,630
475
+ in the floor is shown using coordinate dimension
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:30,630 --> 00:09:32,470
479
+ ุฃูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ coordinate dimensionุŸ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:36,180 --> 00:09:41,000
483
+ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ technical
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:45,880
487
+ word ูƒูˆูŠุณ these allow the site engineers to sit
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:50,480
491
+ out ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ sit out mark the position of ูŠุนู†ูŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:50,480 --> 00:09:54,960
495
+ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน sit out mark the position of the
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:54,960 --> 00:09:58,520
499
+ opening by squaring of the grid line making the
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:58,520 --> 00:10:02,160
503
+ lines that run at right angle to them ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:08,400
507
+ square of making ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:12,520
511
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ then measuring along these lines using a
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:12,520 --> 00:10:18,340
515
+ tape measure ุงูŠุด ุงู„ tape measure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ู…ุชุฑ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:18,340 --> 00:10:24,340
519
+ ุณู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ุŸ ุงู‡ ุงูŠูˆู‡ุŸ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:24,340 --> 00:10:30,440
523
+ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุนุฏุฉ ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูŠ ุงูˆุถูˆ ู„ุงูŠุช
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:35,700
527
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุงูˆุถูˆ ู„ุงูŠุช is an optical device used for
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:35,700 --> 00:10:40,040
531
+ measuring angles can be used to square off grid
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:40,040 --> 00:10:44,100
535
+ lines accurately ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจู‚ูŠูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:44,100 --> 00:10:48,720
539
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงูŠุด .. ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒูŠู ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:51,200
543
+ .. ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ููŠูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:52,920
547
+ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆู„ูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:55,630 --> 00:10:59,950
551
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูˆุด ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:59,950 --> 00:11:04,430
555
+ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ Vita-courseุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:04,430 --> 00:11:09,430
559
+ ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด using? Pythagoras
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:10,140 --> 00:11:14,060
563
+ theorem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ vita course ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุงุชุŸ ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:14,060 --> 00:11:18,520
567
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุจุช ุณุชุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุน ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฑ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:23,720
571
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:28,600
575
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุฉ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูˆุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจู‚ูŠุณ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:28,600 --> 00:11:33,320
579
+ ุจุญุฏุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ูุงุชุญุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ูุงุชุญุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:38,940
583
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ู…ู†ูุฑุฌุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ุด .. ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด ุตุงุฑุชุŸุตุงุฑุช
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:38,940 --> 00:11:44,260
587
+ ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุงู† to double check
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:44,260 --> 00:11:48,620
591
+ the dimension ุฅูŠุด double check ุฃู†ุง ุจุฌูŠุณ ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู…
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:48,620 --> 00:11:54,220
595
+ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุณู…ูŠุฉ double check double check
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:54,220 --> 00:11:58,820
599
+ ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ okay dimension that is carry out an extra
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:58,820 --> 00:12:04,160
603
+ check diagonal measurement can be used as in
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:04,160 --> 00:12:09,030
607
+ engineers sketchุงู„ุฏูŠุงุฌูˆู†ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:09,030 --> 00:12:12,810
611
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ length of the diagonals
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:12,810 --> 00:12:17,770
615
+ can be calculated using Pythagoras theorem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:17,770 --> 00:12:22,390
619
+ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑูŠุฉ Pythagoras ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:22,390 --> 00:12:27,550
623
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง parallel ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง parallel
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:27,550 --> 00:12:31,550
627
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง perpendicular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:37,980
631
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ diagonal ุงู„ู„ูŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:37,980 --> 00:12:42,580
635
+ ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:42,580 --> 00:12:47,020
639
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:47,020 --> 00:12:53,750
643
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ right angleุงู„ุงู† exercise 5.1 ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:53,750 --> 00:12:57,370
647
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช look at these sentences about the
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:57,370 --> 00:13:03,030
651
+ design of ship replace the underlying words and
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:03,030 --> 00:13:06,250
655
+ expressions with alternative words and expressions
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:06,250 --> 00:13:09,570
659
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏู„ู‡ู… ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:09,570 --> 00:13:15,170
663
+ ุบุทู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ handrail is fixed by 115
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:15,170 --> 00:13:20,750
667
+ brackets ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ handrailุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑ ุงู„ูŠุฏูˆูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:20,750 --> 00:13:25,050
671
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ู„ุนุจ ู„ู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:25,050 --> 00:13:29,890
675
+ ุณูƒุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ hand is fixed by brackets
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:29,890 --> 00:13:33,870
679
+ which are one one seventy five millimeter apart
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:33,870 --> 00:13:38,190
683
+ between their centers ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง at
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:38,190 --> 00:13:43,310
687
+ ู„ุฃ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ at one seventy five millimeter centers
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:43,310 --> 00:13:48,850
691
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู„ุชู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงthe
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:48,850 --> 00:13:52,150
695
+ dimensions are measured from the line down the
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:52,150 --> 00:13:55,010
699
+ middle of the ship ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ line down the middleุŸ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:55,010 --> 00:14:01,270
703
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ center line how far is the widest
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:01,270 --> 00:14:05,990
707
+ point of the ship located away from the center
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:10,930
711
+ line ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:10,930 --> 00:14:16,250
715
+ ุจุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุฒุญุช ุนู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุŸ offset ู…ุธุจูˆุท
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:17,770 --> 00:14:21,810
719
+ Are the adjacent adjacent linked of the handrail
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:21,810 --> 00:14:26,950
723
+ at 90 degree to each otherุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ adjacentุŸ ุฅูŠุด
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:26,950 --> 00:14:32,830
727
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ adjacentุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด adjacent ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‚ุจู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:32,830 --> 00:14:39,910
731
+ adjacent ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:39,910 --> 00:14:43,730
735
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฌู†ุจ ุจุนุถ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง adjacent to each
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:43,730 --> 00:14:47,810
739
+ otherุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ุช ู…ูŠู† ูˆ who is adjacent to
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:47,810 --> 00:14:53,190
743
+ you ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู†ูƒ ูู‡ู†ุง at
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:53,190 --> 00:14:57,170
747
+ ninety degree at a ninety degree ุงูˆ at ninety
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:57,170 --> 00:15:01,510
751
+ degrees these dimensions allow you to establish
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:01,510 --> 00:15:03,930
755
+ the position of the whole ุงูŠุด establish the
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:03,930 --> 00:15:09,030
759
+ position ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง locate ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:09,030 --> 00:15:11,010
763
+ locate establish position
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:14,470 --> 00:15:22,010
767
+ ูู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูู‰ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุจุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู‡ ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุช ู„ุณุงุชูƒ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:22,010 --> 00:15:26,550
771
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู…ุฎู„ุตุฉ ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:26,550 --> 00:15:32,110
775
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ look at ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ a and b ูˆ replace
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:32,110 --> 00:15:36,190
779
+ these words ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุญุทูŠู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชุงุฑูŠ ุจุณ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:36,190 --> 00:15:41,130
783
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุทู„ูƒ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ .. ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:46,420 --> 00:15:53,680
787
+ of a handrail at each other ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ hand are
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:53,680 --> 00:16:00,440
791
+ adjacent linked ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ perpendicular to each
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:00,440 --> 00:16:05,200
795
+ other ุจู†ูุน ู‡ูŠ perpendicular ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ at right angle
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:08,220
799
+ ุทูŠุจ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:09,430 --> 00:16:12,690
803
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ five two look at these
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:12,690 --> 00:16:17,950
807
+ extracts from technical discussion on construction
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:17,950 --> 00:16:21,570
811
+ complete these sentences using the words in the
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:21,570 --> 00:16:29,630
815
+ box what they mean by extracts extracts
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:29,630 --> 00:16:35,950
819
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ look at extract from
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:35,950 --> 00:16:38,590
823
+ technical discussion ุงู„ extract
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:41,310 --> 00:16:48,730
827
+ ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุชุŸ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุช ุงู„ extract ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:48,730 --> 00:16:53,770
831
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุชุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชุงุฎุฏ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:53,770 --> 00:17:00,150
835
+ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู‚ุชุทูุงุช according to this
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:00,150 --> 00:17:05,690
839
+ drawing ุฅูŠุดุŸ it runs along the external wall of
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:05,690 --> 00:17:11,320
843
+ this structure ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„According to this
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:11,320 --> 00:17:14,100
847
+ drawing ุจู†ูุน grid lines ูˆ ู„ุง intersections
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:14,100 --> 00:17:20,020
851
+ parallel perpendicular set out or square upุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:20,020 --> 00:17:24,080
855
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง verbุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฅูŠุด
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:30,800
859
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŸ ุงู„ grid line according to this drawing
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:30,800 --> 00:17:36,240
863
+ grid line ุทูŠุจ the positions were marked accurately
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:36,240 --> 00:17:39,800
867
+ they were ุฅูŠุดุŸ by our site engineer
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:42,280 --> 00:17:47,740
871
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ sit out ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง sit out checked
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:47,740 --> 00:17:55,440
875
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ูุญุตุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง the external wall runs
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:55,440 --> 00:18:03,060
879
+ along grid lines one and the internal corridor
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:03,060 --> 00:18:07,520
883
+ wall runs along grid line two so the walls are
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:07,520 --> 00:18:13,510
887
+ with each other ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุฑู‚ูŠู…ุŸุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:16,690
891
+ grid lines ุฃุฎุฏุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:16,690 --> 00:18:21,130
895
+ parallel ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช one and a ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:21,130 --> 00:18:26,550
899
+ perpendicular ุจุณ one and two ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ู…
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:26,550 --> 00:18:31,830
903
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง parallel ุฎู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุนุงูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชูƒูˆุง ุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:31,830 --> 00:18:36,350
907
+ grid lines ู…ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ alphabetically ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:36,350 --> 00:18:40,070
911
+ ู…ุฑู‚ู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง in alphabetical order ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:46,230
915
+ ุฅูŠุดุจุฑุฑูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ูˆุงุญุฏ numbered ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ alphabetic
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:46,230 --> 00:18:56,030
919
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง perpendicular ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุทูŠุจ I've
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:56,030 --> 00:19:00,350
923
+ marked a cross on the concrete floor showing where
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:00,350 --> 00:19:06,830
927
+ the two grid lines ุงู„ cross ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูˆูŠู† where ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:06,830 --> 00:19:10,990
931
+ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ two grid lines ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู…intersect ููŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:10,990 --> 00:19:14,890
935
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุญุท x ุจุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุชู‚ุงุทุน
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:14,890 --> 00:19:20,990
939
+ ูƒู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุทูŠุจ we need to show the position of the
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:20,990 --> 00:19:27,550
943
+ corner of the staircase with coordinate dimensions
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:27,550 --> 00:19:34,530
947
+ they should be taken from two grid lines ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:34,530 --> 00:19:43,470
951
+ staircase ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุŸุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ู… ุงู„ุงู‡ุฏุฃ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:43,470 --> 00:19:46,150
955
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ we need to show the position of the corner
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:46,150 --> 00:19:51,170
959
+ ุงู„ position ุชุจุน ุงู„ corner ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ two
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:51,170 --> 00:19:56,750
963
+ grid lines ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ู…ุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ููŠ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:56,750 --> 00:20:03,330
967
+ hyperpendicular we will use the tidal light to
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:03,330 --> 00:20:08,490
971
+ edge the grid lines and mark a ninety degree
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:08,490 --> 00:20:13,210
975
+ offsetุฅูŠุด ุงู„ order light ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ order
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:13,210 --> 00:20:17,750
979
+ light square off ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุทุจุท ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:22,040 --> 00:20:26,760
983
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ match .. match the two parts of the
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:26,760 --> 00:20:30,620
987
+ sentences to complete the extract .. extract from
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:30,620 --> 00:20:33,960
991
+ a training manual in civil engineering the follow
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:33,960 --> 00:20:37,440
995
+ .. the following precautions can help to prevent
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:37,440 --> 00:20:42,580
999
+ costly sitting out mistakes ุงูŠุด ุงู„ precautionุŸ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:47,780 --> 00:20:53,380
1003
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุทุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฏูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:53,380 --> 00:20:59,060
1007
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุฌู†ุจูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠุฉ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:59,060 --> 00:21:03,380
1011
+ ู„ุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ prevent costly setting out mistakes
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:03,380 --> 00:21:09,840
1015
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:16,250
1019
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑalways use a steel tape measure
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:16,250 --> 00:21:21,710
1023
+ never a plastic one ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:21,710 --> 00:21:25,910
1027
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุชุฑ plastic to ensure it
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:25,910 --> 00:21:29,090
1031
+ doesn't stretch under tension ุงูŠูˆุฉ to ensure it
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:29,090 --> 00:21:32,270
1035
+ doesn't stretch under tension ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช plastic
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:32,270 --> 00:21:39,810
1039
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุดุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ stretch ูŠู…ุท ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:39,810 --> 00:21:44,150
1043
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุทุงุฑููŠุด ู„ู„ุฎูŠุงุทูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงูŠุด
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:44,150 --> 00:21:55,550
1047
+ ู…ุชุฑ ุฌู„ุฏูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุด ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:55,550 --> 00:21:59,650
1051
+ ุจุณ ุทูˆูŠู„ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:59,650 --> 00:22:04,620
1055
+ ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุญุจ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู…ุนู‡ู…ุดูˆ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:04,620 --> 00:22:08,460
1059
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู‚ู‰ุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุตุบูŠุฑ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:08,460 --> 00:22:11,840
1063
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:16,560
1067
+ ู…ุชุฑ ุจุณ ุงู„ car car ุจูˆุตู„ ู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ู‚ูŠุต
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:21,580
1071
+ ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณุด ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจูŠุณุญุจ ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูˆ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:21,580 --> 00:22:24,020
1075
+ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุชู‡ ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู…
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:24,020 --> 00:22:27,400
1079
+ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณูˆุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุชุฑ ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:30,960
1083
+ car car ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ .. ู…ุชุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:30,960 --> 00:22:36,120
1087
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู‡check that both diagonals of the
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:39,840
1091
+ rectangular shape are equal ุงู„ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ุฃู†ุง
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:39,840 --> 00:22:45,040
1095
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุฃูŠุด ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃูŠุด
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:49,840
1099
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุถู„ุนูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุจู„ูŠู†
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:53,380
1103
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃูŠุด
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:53,380 --> 00:22:57,720
1107
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:57,720 --> 00:23:02,370
1111
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูุฑุฒ ุฃุฑุถุจุฌูŠุณ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:02,370 --> 00:23:07,230
1115
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ ุจุฌูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ู‡ุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:07,230 --> 00:23:10,250
1119
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:10,250 --> 00:23:16,350
1123
+ ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ to check
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:16,350 --> 00:23:20,590
1127
+ the corners are at right angles ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุญู†ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:20,590 --> 00:23:24,390
1131
+ diagonalุŒ diagonal to check the angles measure
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:24,390 --> 00:23:27,990
1135
+ dimensions in two directions from parallel grid
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:27,990 --> 00:23:28,570
1139
+ lines
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:31,880 --> 00:23:37,000
1143
+ to double check measurement ุฅุฐุง ุฌูŠุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฎุทูŠู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:40,540
1147
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆู‚ุตุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:40,540 --> 00:23:48,380
1151
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุถู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุฃุฎุทุงุก add
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:48,380 --> 00:23:54,740
1155
+ up chains dimensions give running dimensionsto
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:54,740 --> 00:23:58,720
1159
+ prevent slight errors being multiplied ุนุดุงู† ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:03,440
1163
+ error ู…ุงูŠุฒูŠุฏุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ running meter
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:08,980
1167
+ ู„ุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุง ุจู†ุจุบูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ู„ ุงู„ quiz
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:08,980 --> 00:24:09,560
1171
+ ุชุจุนูƒู…
1172
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/J81K1-qcMI0_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1504 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,700 --> 00:00:26,880
3
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ 26 ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ 26 ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,880 --> 00:00:29,500
7
+ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุงุช ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:29,500 --> 00:00:29,640
11
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:29,640 --> 00:00:30,180
15
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:30,180 --> 00:00:30,320
19
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:30,320 --> 00:00:30,640
23
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,640 --> 00:00:30,640
27
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:30,640 --> 00:00:31,180
31
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:31,180 --> 00:00:37,100
35
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:37,100 --> 00:00:39,440
39
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:42,310 --> 00:00:46,350
43
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุชุธู‡ุฑ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:46,350 --> 00:00:50,890
47
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู‚ูู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ู‚ูู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุทุŒ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:50,890 --> 00:00:55,750
51
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท ุญุงุฌุชูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุง ุงุจู†ุง ู†ุฑุจุทู‡ ุจุงู„ุญู…ุŒ ูŠุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:55,750 --> 00:01:00,710
55
+ ุงุจู†ุง ู†ุฑุจุทู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:00,710 --> 00:01:06,690
59
+ plugged inุŒ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ููŠ ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:06,690 --> 00:01:12,290
63
+ ู…ุตู…ุงุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ fastenersor
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:12,290 --> 00:01:17,350
67
+ fixing a bolt with a nut ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุณู…ูˆู†ุง
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:17,350 --> 00:01:23,070
71
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ bolt bolts have threads grooves on the
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,070 --> 00:01:27,090
75
+ outside of the bolt shaft or shank ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุฅูŠุด
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:27,090 --> 00:01:32,470
79
+ ุฅู„ู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุญูˆุงู ู…ุณู†ูˆู†ุฉุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุงู„ู…ุณู†ูˆู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:32,470 --> 00:01:35,910
83
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ threads ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู†ูˆู†ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:35,910 --> 00:01:40,360
87
+ grooves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุงุฑุฒ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉู†ุงุฒู„ุฉ ุชุนุฑู
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:44,620
91
+ ุงู„ุญูุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญูุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:44,620 --> 00:01:48,420
95
+ ูˆููŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุนุดุงู† ุชุจูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ู†ุฎูุถ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:48,420 --> 00:01:53,920
99
+ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดูƒู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:53,920 --> 00:02:01,280
103
+ ุงู„ูุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ุขู†
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:01,280 --> 00:02:07,700
107
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุณู† ุฅุฐุง ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ู‡ู†ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:07,700 --> 00:02:12,800
111
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ุณู†ู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู .. ู‡ุฐูˆู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:12,800 --> 00:02:16,140
115
+ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง treads ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ grooves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:16,140 --> 00:02:19,980
119
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู… .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ..
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:19,980 --> 00:02:26,000
123
+ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ shaft ุฃูˆ ุงู„ shank ู‡ุฐู‡
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:34,240
127
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ head ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุน ู‡ูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:34,240 --> 00:02:40,340
131
+ ุงู„ shaftwhich runs around the shaft in a helical
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:40,340 --> 00:02:43,080
135
+ patternุŒ helical pattern ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ helical
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:43,080 --> 00:02:48,500
139
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุดูˆููˆุง ุญูุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงู† ูƒูŠู ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุด ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:48,500 --> 00:02:52,900
143
+ ู…ุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง helicalุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุญู„ุฒูˆู†ูŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:57,140 --> 00:03:01,000
147
+ The threaded shaft allows a nut which has the
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:05,540
151
+ threads inside it to be screwed into the bolts
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:05,540 --> 00:03:11,660
155
+ .ุงู„ุฃู† ุฏู‡ ุจุชุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุตุจูˆุท
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:11,660 --> 00:03:16,380
159
+ ููŠ ุญูˆุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ู„ูู‡ุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:16,380 --> 00:03:23,210
163
+ ุจุชุฑูƒุจ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒBy turning
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:23,210 --> 00:03:26,290
167
+ motion, the thread inside to be screwed onto the
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:26,290 --> 00:03:29,790
171
+ bolt by turning a turning motion ู„ู…ุง ู†ู„ูู‡ุง ูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:29,790 --> 00:03:37,370
175
+ ู†ุญุฑูƒู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุณ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:37,370 --> 00:03:41,290
179
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง left hand threadูˆ right hand
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:41,290 --> 00:03:48,130
183
+ thread ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:48,130 --> 00:03:53,470
187
+ ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุนูƒุณ ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ right hand ู‡ุฐู‡
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:53,470 --> 00:03:57,510
191
+ screwed by turning them clockwise ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:57,510 --> 00:04:02,270
195
+ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด clockwise ุงูˆ right hand
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:02,270 --> 00:04:10,330
199
+ threadand unscrewed by turning them anticlockwise
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:10,330 --> 00:04:14,270
203
+ ุงู„ู€ anticlockwise ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:14,270 --> 00:04:16,030
207
+ counter clockwise
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:22,480
211
+ ู‡ูŠ Anti-clockwise ูˆAnti ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุง ุถุฏ ุฏู‡ ุงู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ููŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:26,440
215
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงูŠุด ุถุฏู‡ุง ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:26,440 --> 00:04:30,880
219
+ counter clockwise ุงูˆ Anti-clockwise ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Anti ..
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:30,880 --> 00:04:39,260
223
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุฒู‚ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงูŠุด Titan ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Clockwise ุจู†ุนู…ู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:39,260 --> 00:04:44,850
227
+ Loosing ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงูŠุดanti ุฃูˆ counter clockwise
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:44,850 --> 00:04:49,690
231
+ however in some situation left hand threads are
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:49,690 --> 00:04:55,070
235
+ used ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงูŠุดุŸ right handุŒ ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:55,070 --> 00:05:01,810
239
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† left hand ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:01,810 --> 00:05:06,950
243
+ ุงู„ thread ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ shaft ู‡ุฐู‡ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ head ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:06,950 --> 00:05:11,590
247
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ nuts ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง Spanner ุงู„ู„ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:11,590 --> 00:05:16,190
251
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ููƒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:16,190 --> 00:05:19,410
255
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง hex key ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง allen key ุงู„ู„ูŠ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:19,410 --> 00:05:25,150
259
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูุฑูŠุชุงุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู„ู…ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:25,150 --> 00:05:30,210
263
+ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู‚ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:30,210 --> 00:05:36,370
267
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ hex key ุงูˆ allen key ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:41,610
271
+ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ูƒู„ูƒู… ุดูุชูˆู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูˆุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:52,080
275
+ ููŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู…
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:55,880
279
+ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู„ู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:55,880 --> 00:06:01,720
283
+ hexagonal ูˆ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุบุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:05,800
287
+ most bull bolts have heads with hexagonal
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:09,920
291
+ perimeter hexagonal heads or hex heads ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:09,920 --> 00:06:17,030
295
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู‡ู†ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠthese allow a spanner to
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:17,030 --> 00:06:21,030
299
+ turn them ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุฒู‚ู‡ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:21,030 --> 00:06:26,030
303
+ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ heads can also have a hexagonal
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:26,030 --> 00:06:32,670
307
+ hole in their top ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูุฑู‚ ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุซู‚ุจ ุนู„ู‰
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:32,670 --> 00:06:39,920
311
+ ุดูƒู„ ุดูƒู„ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠcalled socket head ุงู„ุตุงูƒุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:46,200
315
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑู‚ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตุงูƒุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง this allows a
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:49,700
319
+ hex key or allen key to fit into them ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:49,700 --> 00:06:54,700
323
+ ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู„ูู‡ ุจุฏูˆู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุดุชุบู„ ู‡ุฐุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:54,700 --> 00:06:59,020
327
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฃุตุนุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:59,020 --> 00:07:04,730
331
+ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„a
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:04,730 --> 00:07:09,310
335
+ nut is screwed into a bolt, a bolt can be screwed
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:09,310 --> 00:07:13,950
339
+ into the threaded hole ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏุง ุงู„ nuts ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:13,950 --> 00:07:19,870
343
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ screwed into the bolt ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู† .. ุจู† ..
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:19,870 --> 00:07:28,560
347
+ ุจู† ู„ุฒุฌู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจู†ู„ูู‡ุงุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู† ..
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:28,560 --> 00:07:31,640
351
+ ุจู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ board can be screwed into
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:31,640 --> 00:07:36,580
355
+ the threaded hole ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุซู‚ุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:36,580 --> 00:07:41,380
359
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูุฑุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:41,380 --> 00:07:44,560
363
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‚ู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซู‚ุจ ูˆ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:49,820
367
+ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ูุฑุฌ ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:49,820 --> 00:07:52,900
371
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:55,670 --> 00:07:58,510
375
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุถุงูุฉ ุชุญุฒูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:58,510 --> 00:07:59,390
379
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:59,390 --> 00:08:00,990
383
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:00,990 --> 00:08:03,090
387
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:03,090 --> 00:08:03,170
391
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:03,170 --> 00:08:03,190
395
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:03,190 --> 00:08:05,590
399
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:05,590 --> 00:08:05,630
403
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:05,630 --> 00:08:10,510
407
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:10,510 --> 00:08:20,550
411
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉุฃูˆ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:20,550 --> 00:08:24,710
415
+ turning force ุงู†ุง ููŠู‡ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงูˆ ุนุฒู… ุจ .. ุจ .. ุจุนู…ู„ู‡
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:24,710 --> 00:08:30,770
419
+ ู„ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ as a bolt is tightening, the tension
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:30,770 --> 00:08:34,350
423
+ stretching force in its shaft increases ุงุฐุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:34,350 --> 00:08:37,710
427
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุฃุญุฒู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุฏู‡ ุจุชุญุณูˆู‡
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:37,710 --> 00:08:42,600
431
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุณุฎู†ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุฎูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:46,780
435
+ ุฃูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุฒู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:46,780 --> 00:08:53,000
439
+ ุถุบุท ุงู„ tension ุงู„ tension ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูˆู„ุฏ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ in
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:56,140
443
+ its shaft increases and the components being
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:56,140 --> 00:08:59,160
447
+ bolted together are pressed tightly together ุงูŠุด
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:06,320
451
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ ู‡ู… ุจู†ุญุฒู‚ู‡ ุงูˆ ุจู†ุถุบุทู‡ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ู…ุน
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:06,320 --> 00:09:13,340
455
+ ุจุนุถ tightly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฒุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุญุฒุฌูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ this
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:13,340 --> 00:09:18,040
459
+ pressing force is called preload or clamp load ู‡ุฐู‡
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:18,040 --> 00:09:24,240
463
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ preload ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุทุฉ ุงูˆ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:24,240 --> 00:09:28,440
467
+ ุงู„ clamp ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ clamp ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญุท
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:34,720
471
+ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง clampูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฑุจุทู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:41,760
475
+ ุฃูˆ ุถุบุทู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง clamp load also if
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:41,760 --> 00:09:46,260
479
+ enough preload is applied friction between the
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:46,260 --> 00:09:50,340
483
+ components will prevent them sliding in different
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:50,340 --> 00:09:55,600
487
+ directions ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุญุทูŠุช ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:55,600 --> 00:10:00,180
491
+ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุธู„ูˆุง ู…ู„ุฒู‚ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ุงููŠุด
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:00,180 --> 00:10:05,410
495
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠthis is an advantage as sliding
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:05,410 --> 00:10:11,330
499
+ object decides of bolts to shear force the
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:11,330 --> 00:10:14,730
503
+ scissoring force which can cause them to break in
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:14,730 --> 00:10:20,510
507
+ steel structure to break ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุญุทูŠุช ู‚ูˆุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:20,510 --> 00:10:25,910
511
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ู„ุงุฒู… ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:25,910 --> 00:10:32,020
515
+ ุจูŠู†ูƒุณุฑุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจู†ูƒุณุฑุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† .. ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:32,020 --> 00:10:36,840
519
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู‡ุชู†ูƒุณุฑุŒ ูŠุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุญุตู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:36,840 --> 00:10:41,560
523
+ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงู„ูƒ ุจุชุญุณูƒูŠ .. ุจุชุญุณูƒูŠ ูุฌุฃุฉ ูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:41,560 --> 00:10:43,340
527
+ ุจุชูุฑุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุณูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:46,250 --> 00:10:49,930
531
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:49,930 --> 00:10:54,350
535
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ุณู„ุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:54,350 --> 00:10:57,010
539
+ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:57,010 --> 00:10:59,230
543
+ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:59,230 --> 00:11:02,950
547
+ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:02,950 --> 00:11:06,150
551
+ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:06,150 --> 00:11:06,210
555
+ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:06,210 --> 00:11:06,870
559
+ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:06,870 --> 00:11:07,290
563
+ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:07,290 --> 00:11:10,390
567
+ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:11,930 --> 00:11:15,690
571
+ ุถุบุท ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูŠ .. ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ structure ุงู†ุง ุงูŠุด
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:15,690 --> 00:11:20,470
575
+ ุจุฏูŠุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ูุจุฏูŠุด ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:20,470 --> 00:11:29,430
579
+ ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒู… ุดุงู ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุญุฒูˆู‚ุŸ ูุนุฌู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:29,430 --> 00:11:33,390
583
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฑุฎูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุญุฒูˆู‚ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ุงูŠุด
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:33,390 --> 00:11:38,650
587
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุจูŠูู„ุท ูˆุงู†ุช ุชุตูˆุฑ ูˆุงู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ูŠูู„ุท
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:41,930 --> 00:11:46,170
591
+ ุทูŠุจ the amount of torque applied to bolts can be
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:46,170 --> 00:11:52,530
595
+ adjusted using torque wrench ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:52,530 --> 00:11:57,370
599
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุจู†ุญุฐู‚ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:57,370 --> 00:12:01,270
603
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงู† ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ wrench ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:01,270 --> 00:12:04,430
607
+ wrench ู‡ุงู† ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:05,350 --> 00:12:09,950
611
+ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒู‡ ูˆุจุชุถู„ ู†ุนุฏู„ ููŠู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:09,950 --> 00:12:15,450
615
+ .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ F ู…ุด ุงู„ F ู„ุฃ ุงู„ F ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:15,450 --> 00:12:20,770
619
+ English ุงู„ F ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒู‡ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฒูƒ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:20,770 --> 00:12:26,050
623
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ู†ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:26,050 --> 00:12:30,410
627
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุด ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‰
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:30,410 --> 00:12:33,610
631
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ wrench ูุงู„ wrench ู‡ุฐุง ุงุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:33,610 --> 00:12:39,230
635
+ ุจุชุญุฒู‚ู‡ ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุญุณ ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุง ุญุฒู‚ู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:39,230 --> 00:12:45,170
639
+ ูŠุฌุฑุจ ูุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุฌุฑุจ ู…ู† ููŠู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:45,170 --> 00:12:49,690
643
+ ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุงู†ู‰ ู„ูˆู†
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:49,690 --> 00:12:55,630
647
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุญุชู‰ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ silver ุงูŠูˆุฉูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:55,630 --> 00:13:00,390
651
+ ู…ู†ู‡ a tool which can tighten and loosen bolts ู‡ุฐู‡
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:00,390 --> 00:13:04,030
655
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุงู†ุช ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนุฏู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:04,030 --> 00:13:09,690
659
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุจุน ุงู„ bolts
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:09,690 --> 00:13:12,850
663
+ ุงู„ head of the bolts which indicates how much
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:12,850 --> 00:13:16,210
667
+ torque is applied this help to ensure that bolts
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:16,210 --> 00:13:21,580
671
+ are tightened enough but notover-tightened torque
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:21,580 --> 00:13:26,180
675
+ wrenches ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุถู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:26,180 --> 00:13:31,500
679
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุญุฒุช ูƒุงููŠ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุณูŠ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:31,500 --> 00:13:37,220
683
+ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุช ุฃุฎุฑ ู„ุญุธุงุชูƒ ุจุชุญุณูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ูˆุตู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ .. ู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:37,220 --> 00:13:42,520
687
+ .. ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฅู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:42,520 --> 00:13:45,280
691
+ ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุฏูƒ force ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… ุจุชุนุฑู ุฃู†ูƒ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:45,280 --> 00:13:46,880
695
+ ูˆุตู„ุชูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:49,210 --> 00:13:53,510
699
+ Torque wrenches are also useful for checking that
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:53,510 --> 00:13:58,090
703
+ both joints do not work loose ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู„ู…ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:58,090 --> 00:14:02,450
707
+ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ู„ูˆ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:02,450 --> 00:14:06,250
711
+ ู…ุณูƒุชู‡ุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุชุญุท ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ุชุญุทูŠู‡ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:06,250 --> 00:14:12,330
715
+ ุชุญุฐู‚ู‡ ุจุชุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุฎูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ุญุฐูˆู‚ุฉ work loose
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:12,330 --> 00:14:18,290
719
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุฑุฎูŠุฉ that isthey do not become loose
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:18,290 --> 00:14:21,810
723
+ over time ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฑุฎุงูˆุฉ ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงูŠุด
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:21,810 --> 00:14:26,490
727
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฑุฎูˆุฉ ุงุชุฑุฎุฑุฎุช ุงูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:26,490 --> 00:14:31,630
731
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ุจุจุฑุงุบูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุทู„ุนุชู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุน
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:31,630 --> 00:14:37,050
735
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุชุฑุฎุฑุฎ ูˆ ุจูŠููƒ ู„ุฃู† ุงูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:37,050 --> 00:14:41,050
739
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุงุชุฑุฎุฑุฎ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจู†ูƒุณุฑ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:41,050 --> 00:14:44,750
743
+ ุจุชูƒุณุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุนุฌุงู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงุตู„ุง
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:47,220 --> 00:14:51,300
747
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ washers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุณูˆุฑุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:51,300 --> 00:14:55,720
751
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏุจู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:55,720 --> 00:14:59,360
755
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุนุฒู„ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู†
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:59,360 --> 00:15:03,360
759
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฑูƒุจู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ู„ุญุฒู‚ washers are metal
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:03,360 --> 00:15:07,440
763
+ discs which fit between the head of the balls or a
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:10,900
767
+ nut and the components being bolted together ุฏู‡
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:10,900 --> 00:15:16,010
771
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุงุฏู‰ุŸ ุทูŠุจordinary washers
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:16,010 --> 00:15:22,390
775
+ called flat washers or plain washers flat washers
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:22,390 --> 00:15:30,950
779
+ or plain washers ู‡ุฏูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ typical ุงู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:30,950 --> 00:15:36,030
783
+ typical ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ flat ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:36,030 --> 00:15:43,000
787
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„I have a larger outside diameter than the
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:46,600
791
+ bolt head or the nut ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุชู‡ู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:52,600
795
+ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฌุงู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:52,600 --> 00:15:56,940
799
+ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ูƒุงู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุชุญุทูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุตุจุท ู…ุนุงูƒ ููŠู‡ุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:01,690 --> 00:16:05,530
803
+ Wider area is intended to spread the load or
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:05,530 --> 00:16:09,230
807
+ distribute the pressure over the surface of the
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:09,230 --> 00:16:12,730
811
+ component as the bolt is tightened ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:12,730 --> 00:16:17,550
815
+ reason ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏุบุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:17,550 --> 00:16:23,750
819
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ spread the pressure ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:23,750 --> 00:16:31,940
823
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญุงู†ุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:31,940 --> 00:16:35,640
827
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ูˆุณุน ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:35,640 --> 00:16:39,420
831
+ ู…ุงุจุฌูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุจุงู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุฃุญุฒู‚
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:39,420 --> 00:16:42,980
835
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุชุชุทุจู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจุชุจุนู‡ุง
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:42,980 --> 00:16:47,920
839
+ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ helical spring washer ู‡ุฐุง
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:51,860
843
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ spring washer ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง plain
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:51,860 --> 00:16:57,060
847
+ ุฃูˆ flat washer ู‡ุฐู‡ helical spring washer ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:57,060 --> 00:17:02,800
851
+ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุณู…ูŠูƒุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ุด
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:02,800 --> 00:17:09,360
855
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด conical spring washer ุงู„ุงู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:13,040
859
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุฌูŠ ุงุถุบุท ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง compressed
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:13,040 --> 00:17:20,000
863
+ ุชู†ุถุบุท ูู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ springwashers are
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:24,080
867
+ designed to be compressed ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:28,430
871
+ ูŠู†ุถุบุทูˆุงto allow the amount of preload to be
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:28,430 --> 00:17:32,510
875
+ adjusted as the bolts is tightened ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:32,510 --> 00:17:35,750
879
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:35,750 --> 00:17:41,270
883
+ adjusting ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุชุชุนุฏู„ ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:41,270 --> 00:17:47,530
887
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠูƒูŠ ุฃุญุฒู‚ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ุฃูŠ ุฃูŠ ู‚ุทุนุชูŠู†
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:47,530 --> 00:17:52,370
891
+ mechanical ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:52,370 --> 00:17:59,600
895
+ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒุฃู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุญุชู‰ ุฅู†ุช ู„ู…ุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:59,600 --> 00:18:03,920
899
+ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:03,920 --> 00:18:07,360
903
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู„ ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดุชุฑูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:07,360 --> 00:18:14,520
907
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุงู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ูˆุงุดูŠุฑูˆุด
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:14,520 --> 00:18:18,380
911
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุนุฑู ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฃุณูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุง ุฏุจู„ุฉ ูŠุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:18,380 --> 00:18:25,430
915
+ ุฅูŠุด in some situationsููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ spring
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:25,430 --> 00:18:30,870
919
+ washers ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู„ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ุณุฌู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุชู„ุงุนุจ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:30,870 --> 00:18:36,170
923
+ ุงู„ุดูƒุณ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒุณ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:36,170 --> 00:18:41,850
927
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุดูƒ ูุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:41,850 --> 00:18:46,150
931
+ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุงู„ washer ุงู„ spring washer ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:46,150 --> 00:18:51,330
935
+ ุงู„ุดูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุงู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:52,770 --> 00:18:56,070
939
+ common types of spring washer are helical spring
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:56,070 --> 00:19:00,330
943
+ washer and conical spring washer ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:00,330 --> 00:19:05,970
947
+ ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:05,970 --> 00:19:10,890
951
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงุฐุง ุจุชุชุทู„ุน
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:10,890 --> 00:19:16,090
955
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ fasteners ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:16,090 --> 00:19:21,670
959
+ ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ bolts ูˆ ุงู„ knots ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:21,670 --> 00:19:26,910
963
+ ุงู„ุงู„ spanner ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:26,910 --> 00:19:32,790
967
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ hex ุงูˆ ุงู„ allen key ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:32,790 --> 00:19:40,250
971
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ threads ุงู†ุช ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุดุงูุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:40,250 --> 00:19:43,730
975
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุดุงูุช ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ head ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:43,730 --> 00:19:47,910
979
+ ูƒู„ุงุฌ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:47,910 --> 00:19:55,150
983
+ ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงhexagonal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:55,150 --> 00:20:02,890
987
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู‡ุงูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:02,890 --> 00:20:08,990
991
+ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ head ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† hole ุงู„ hole ุดูƒู„ู‡
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:08,990 --> 00:20:17,370
995
+ hexagonal ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ forces ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:17,370 --> 00:20:23,210
999
+ ุนู„ู‰ shear forceุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ tension ุฏู‡ ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:23,210 --> 00:20:28,630
1003
+ ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ scissor torque ุงูˆ scissor force
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:28,630 --> 00:20:33,650
1007
+ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ washers ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:33,650 --> 00:20:36,890
1011
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ washers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ plain ุงูˆ ุงู„ flat ูˆ ุงู„
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:36,890 --> 00:20:42,790
1015
+ spring ูˆ ุงู„ spring ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† helical ูˆ ุงูŠุดุŸ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:42,790 --> 00:20:48,670
1019
+ ุงูŠูˆุฉุงู„ุงู† ู†ุฌูŠ ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ranches ุงู„ ranches ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:48,670 --> 00:20:54,790
1023
+ are well-known example of fasteners ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:54,790 --> 00:20:59,490
1027
+ .. ุงู„ ranches ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ู…ุด fastener ู‡ูŠ tool for a
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:59,490 --> 00:21:05,010
1031
+ fastener ุงูŠุด ุงู„ fastenerุŸ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ bolts ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:05,010 --> 00:21:10,110
1035
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ูˆ fastener ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ranches ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ..
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:10,110 --> 00:21:15,320
1039
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุฒูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠุงู„ุฑู†ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:21,760
1043
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท in
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:25,760
1047
+ most cases nuts are screwed into balls by turning
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:25,760 --> 00:21:30,980
1051
+ them anticlockwise Clockwise ุงู„ majority ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:30,980 --> 00:21:37,830
1055
+ Clockwise ุงู„ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ majority clockwiseุงู„ู€
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:37,830 --> 00:21:40,550
1059
+ exception ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ counter-clockwise ุฃูˆ anti
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:40,550 --> 00:21:45,330
1063
+ -clockwise the threaded part of a bolt is the head
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:45,330 --> 00:21:51,530
1067
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ threaded partุŸ ุงู„ shaft ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุน
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:51,530 --> 00:21:57,890
1071
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ threads are cut to form hexagonal
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:57,890 --> 00:22:04,980
1075
+ pattern helical pattern ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุญู„ุฏูˆู†ูŠู…ุธุจูˆุท
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:04,980 --> 00:22:09,180
1079
+ Allen keys are designed to fit around the head of
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:09,180 --> 00:22:14,260
1083
+ the bolts ุงูŠุด ุงู„ AllenุŸ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:14,260 --> 00:22:19,240
1087
+ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุด ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ูุจู†ุฏุฎู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:19,240 --> 00:22:19,660
1091
+ ููŠู‡ุง
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:26,590 --> 00:22:31,110
1095
+ ุงู„ุงู† we got to use the words in the box to fill in
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:31,110 --> 00:22:34,410
1099
+ the blank in a structural application ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:34,410 --> 00:22:41,590
1103
+ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก it is essential to .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:41,590 --> 00:22:46,750
1107
+ ุงู„ bolts .. tighten the bolts ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุญุฒู‚
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:46,750 --> 00:22:53,410
1111
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠit is essential to tighten the bolts ู„ุงุฒู…
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:53,410 --> 00:22:59,010
1115
+ ู†ุญุฒู‚ .. ุถุฑูˆุฑ ู†ุญุฒู‚ the bolts correctly okay firstly
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:59,010 --> 00:23:03,550
1119
+ to make sure that joints are held together with
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:03,550 --> 00:23:09,950
1123
+ the right amount of .. ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:09,950 --> 00:23:15,110
1127
+ preload ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุญู†ุง ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ tighten ูˆ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:15,110 --> 00:23:20,880
1131
+ preload ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงover time however that does not
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:20,880 --> 00:23:25,920
1135
+ end secondly to help ensure that the balls do not
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:33,400
1139
+ work loose over time ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุด ู‡ุงูŠุด ูŠุชุฑุฎุฎูˆุง
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:33,400 --> 00:23:41,640
1143
+ work loose ุทูŠุจ however that does not mean to say
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:41,640 --> 00:23:46,470
1147
+ the tighter the barrelุทูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุด ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:46,470 --> 00:23:51,370
1151
+ ูƒุงู† ู…ุญุฒูˆุฌ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุฒูˆุฌ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃูุถู„ if excessive
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:51,370 --> 00:23:57,730
1155
+ force is used to overtighten ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ู‚ูˆุฉ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:57,730 --> 00:24:06,410
1159
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ overtighten ููŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:06,410 --> 00:24:11,050
1163
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง excessive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:11,050 --> 00:24:12,870
1167
+ ุทูŠุจ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:16,040 --> 00:24:19,820
1171
+ the bolt will no longer be strong enough to
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:19,820 --> 00:24:23,320
1175
+ transmit the extra load to the joint ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:31,020
1179
+ transmitุŸ transmit transmission
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:31,020 --> 00:24:38,000
1183
+ ุงูˆ transmission ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ูŠุฑุณู„ transmission ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู†ู‚ู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:44,840
1187
+ transmit the extra load ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:48,760
1191
+ joint ุงู„ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ ..
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:54,120
1195
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ู„ู„ุฑุงุจุท at this point various problem
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:54,120 --> 00:25:00,620
1199
+ can occur the shank may begin to twist as it is
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:00,620 --> 00:25:05,640
1203
+ subject to additional ุงูŠุดุŸ torque ุงู„ุงู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ ..
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:14,070
1207
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงูŠุดุŸtwist ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ twistุŸ ูŠู„ูˆูŠ ู„ู…ุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:14,070 --> 00:25:20,650
1211
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชู„ุชูˆู‰ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง twist ูู‡ุงู†ู‚ุงุด ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงุทูŠู†ุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:20,650 --> 00:25:24,470
1215
+ force ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงูŠุด .. ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ูˆู‰ ุชู„ุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:24,470 --> 00:25:29,290
1219
+ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:31,700 --> 00:25:34,780
1223
+ subject to additional torque from the wrench
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:34,780 --> 00:25:37,080
1227
+ eventually causing the bolts to fail
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:37,080 --> 00:25:46,920
1231
+ Alternatively,
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:48,860 --> 00:25:53,820
1235
+ as the bolt is stretcheddue to increasing ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠุด
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:53,820 --> 00:25:58,680
1239
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจู‡ุงุŸ tension in the shank the force will
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:58,680 --> 00:26:05,940
1243
+ be transmitted to the threads of the bolt and nuts
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:07,060 --> 00:26:11,520
1247
+ ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง attention ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:15,460
1251
+ load ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ threads ุงู„ thread ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:15,460 --> 00:26:20,360
1255
+ ู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุณู†ุงู† ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ balls ูˆ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:20,360 --> 00:26:24,700
1259
+ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ูƒู…ุงู†
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:28,830 --> 00:26:31,810
1263
+ potentially causing permanent damage to that
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:31,810 --> 00:26:36,790
1267
+ thread ู‡ุงูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุจุชุฎุฑุจ ุฃุณู†ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:36,790 --> 00:26:40,030
1271
+ permanent damage this will not only make it
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:40,030 --> 00:26:48,750
1275
+ impossible to subsequently tighten and loosen
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:48,750 --> 00:26:54,630
1279
+ the boltsOkay normally but also cause tension to
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:54,630 --> 00:26:58,490
1283
+ be released from the shank as nuts slip reducing
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:58,490 --> 00:27:02,290
1287
+ preload and compromising the strength of the
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:02,290 --> 00:27:05,570
1291
+ joints ุงูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุญุฐุงู‚ุช ูˆ ุฎุฑุจุช
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:05,570 --> 00:27:09,970
1295
+ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทูู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุฑุฎูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:09,970 --> 00:27:15,210
1299
+ ุฑุฎุช ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุฎุฑุจ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠุจูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฑุบ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:15,210 --> 00:27:19,750
1303
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ not ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุณ ู„ูˆ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:19,750 --> 00:27:23,430
1307
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุฎุฑุจุช ุงู„ุณู† ุชุจุน
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:23,430 --> 00:27:29,190
1311
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฑู…ูŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุงุฎุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:29,190 --> 00:27:32,630
1315
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฑุท ูˆ ูŠุฎุฑุทู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุญูŠู† ุงู†ุช
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:32,630 --> 00:27:38,490
1319
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุบู„ุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:40,450 --> 00:27:45,670
1323
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ true and
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:45,670 --> 00:27:51,930
1327
+ false ูˆ correct the wrong answer the purpose of
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:51,930 --> 00:27:55,250
1331
+ all washers is to spread the load from the bolts
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:55,250 --> 00:27:59,410
1335
+ across the surfaces of the components being bolted
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:59,410 --> 00:28:03,850
1339
+ together ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ washers ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:03,850 --> 00:28:11,140
1343
+ ุจุณ ุงู„ flat ุฃูˆ ุงู„ plain ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠุจุธุจุทุด ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ plain
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:11,140 --> 00:28:16,200
1347
+ washers are flat ุงู„ plain ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู…ุŸ ุดูƒู„ู‡ู…
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:16,200 --> 00:28:23,040
1351
+ flat ุงู„ spring washer it change shape as a bolt is
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:23,040 --> 00:28:27,240
1355
+ tightened ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญู…ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:31,720
1359
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชู†ุถุบุท ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:31,720 --> 00:28:34,900
1363
+ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ููˆุฎุฉ ุชู†ุถุบุท
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:36,350 --> 00:28:40,370
1367
+ ุงู„ู€ spring washer ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ุทุนุฉ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:40,370 --> 00:28:46,470
1371
+ ุชุถุบุท ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ preload ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:46,470 --> 00:28:47,770
1375
+ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:47,770 --> 00:28:52,890
1379
+ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:52,890 --> 00:28:59,530
1383
+ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:59,530 --> 00:29:04,570
1387
+ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:04,570 --> 00:29:09,110
1391
+ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุทุฆุฉfalse ุงูŠุด ุจุช allow some movement ุนู†ุฏู‰
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:09,110 --> 00:29:13,950
1395
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ movement ู‡ูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชุณู…ุญู„ูŠ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:13,950 --> 00:29:19,410
1399
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู†
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:19,410 --> 00:29:24,370
1403
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ washers ูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:24,370 --> 00:29:34,150
1407
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ washers ุทุจ ู„ุง ุงู„ุฏุจู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฑุฉ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:34,150 --> 00:29:42,560
1411
+ washersุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ washer ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:48,980
1415
+ fasteners ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:48,980 --> 00:29:55,220
1419
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ washer ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ bolts ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:55,220 --> 00:30:00,540
1423
+ ุงู„ head ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:12,710 --> 00:30:18,630
1427
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Spanner ูƒูˆูŠุณ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:18,630 --> 00:30:24,750
1431
+ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ wrench ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:24,750 --> 00:30:28,470
1435
+ ุถุงู„ ุงู„ allen key ุงู„ allen key ุงูˆ ุงู„ hex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:28,470 --> 00:30:29,410
1439
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:32,890 --> 00:30:37,890
1443
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆู‡ุฏ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุด
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:37,890 --> 00:30:43,050
1447
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒุจุดุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุฏ ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:43,050 --> 00:30:49,370
1451
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฑุงุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆ ู…ุฌุณุงุช ูู‡ุฏ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:49,370 --> 00:30:54,090
1455
+ allen key ุงูˆ ุงู„ hex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูŠุด ุถุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:54,090 --> 00:30:58,130
1459
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ torque ูˆ ุงู„ tension ูˆ ุงู„
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:58,130 --> 00:31:04,070
1463
+ forceุทุจ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ู… ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุง ูˆุงู„ share
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:31:04,070 --> 00:31:11,490
1467
+ force ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุถุงู„ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ tread ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:11,490 --> 00:31:16,570
1471
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ .. ุฃูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:16,570 --> 00:31:19,790
1475
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ tread of the tires ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:19,790 --> 00:31:27,390
1479
+ tires ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‡
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:27,390 --> 00:31:33,190
1483
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฎุทูˆุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ tread of the
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:33,190 --> 00:31:37,370
1487
+ tires ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ tread ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:37,370 --> 00:31:44,130
1491
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุณุญู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุจู†ุดุฑ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉู ุงู„
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:44,130 --> 00:31:47,690
1495
+ treads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:47,690 --> 00:31:54,790
1499
+ helical ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญู„ุฒูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ hexagonal ุชู…ุงู†ู‰
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:54,790 --> 00:31:57,470
1503
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
1504
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/JSBZUTmDLbE.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1303 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,860 --> 00:00:25,660
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณูˆู ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุณุนุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,660 --> 00:00:31,880
7
+ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุณุนุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† loadุŒ stress ูˆ strain ุฅูŠุด
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:38,640
11
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ loadุŸ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ูˆ stressุŒ ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆ strainุŒ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:45,010
15
+ ุงู„ุดุฏุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดุฏุŸ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ a load when
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:45,010 --> 00:00:48,170
19
+ engineering engineers design a machine or a
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:48,170 --> 00:00:51,610
23
+ structure they need to know what forces will be
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:51,610 --> 00:00:56,090
27
+ exerted on it ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุตู…ู… ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุฃูˆ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:56,090 --> 00:01:02,130
31
+ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง applied
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:02,130 --> 00:01:07,770
35
+ ุฃูˆ exerted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅู† ุญุทุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจุชุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:07,770 --> 00:01:11,610
39
+ put pressure on it in engineering forces are
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:11,610 --> 00:01:15,760
43
+ called loads ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:22,320
47
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ usually
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:22,320 --> 00:01:27,380
51
+ several different loads will act on or apply force
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:27,380 --> 00:01:30,160
55
+ to ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:38,840
59
+ ุจุชูุฑุถ ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:42,900
63
+ the components in the machine or the members part
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:42,900 --> 00:01:46,140
67
+ of a structure a component or member which is
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:46,140 --> 00:01:49,680
71
+ designed to carry or bear a load called load
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:49,680 --> 00:01:53,620
75
+ bearing components or members ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ load bearing
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:53,620 --> 00:01:57,920
79
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฃูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:57,920 --> 00:02:03,420
83
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:03,420 --> 00:02:09,740
87
+ generation ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุชุฎุทูŠุท ู…ุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชู…
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:09,740 --> 00:02:15,040
91
+ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู†ูŠุฑ ูŠุชุฎุทูŠุท ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุญู…ูŠุท
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:15,040 --> 00:02:16,960
95
+ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:19,500
99
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:19,500 --> 00:02:22,320
103
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:33,600
107
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ุฅู„ู‡ุง magnitude ูˆุงู„ู‡ุง direction ุฃูˆ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:33,600 --> 00:02:38,220
111
+ phase ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ูˆ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ..
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:38,220 --> 00:02:42,280
115
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:46,180
119
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ horizontal ุฃูˆ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:46,180 --> 00:02:50,680
123
+ vertical ุงู„ weight ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุฅูŠุด
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:55,100
127
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุจุนุช ูˆูŠู†ุŸ vertical ูู‡ุฐู‡ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:55,100 --> 00:03:00,340
131
+ ููŠุด ู‚ูˆุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุŸ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู†ุง
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:00,340 --> 00:03:04,260
135
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุณุจ ู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ magnitude ูˆ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:04,260 --> 00:03:08,540
139
+ ุงู„ phase load is therefore a vector a quantity or
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:08,540 --> 00:03:13,640
143
+ vector ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ู…ุชุฌู‡ุฉ that is a measurement
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:13,640 --> 00:03:17,720
147
+ with both magnitude and direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุชุฌุงู‡
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:22,680
151
+ ูˆ ุจุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู‡ุง ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:27,550
155
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุณู„ู…ุงุช ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:27,550 --> 00:03:35,570
159
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ magnitude this
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:35,570 --> 00:03:39,310
163
+ is different to a scalar quantity which has a
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:39,310 --> 00:03:42,490
167
+ magnitude only ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ scalar quantity ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุจุณ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:42,490 --> 00:03:48,190
171
+ magnitude ูˆู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจ ..
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:48,190 --> 00:03:52,070
175
+ ุจ .. ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุชูˆุง ู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑูˆุญุชูˆุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:52,070 --> 00:03:55,270
179
+ ู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ plastic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:55,270 --> 00:04:00,070
183
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ apply force ุฃูˆ ุจุชุดุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:00,070 --> 00:04:05,300
187
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ .. ุฃูˆ ุงู„ quality of the product ุจูŠุดูˆููˆุง ู‚ุฏุงุด
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:05,300 --> 00:04:08,940
191
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุฌุน ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:08,940 --> 00:04:12,460
195
+ ูุญุต ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:12,460 --> 00:04:15,940
199
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ูุญุต ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:15,940 --> 00:04:21,780
203
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ stress and strain ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุณู…ุน ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:21,780 --> 00:04:25,840
207
+ stress ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ู…ุณูƒุช ุดูƒูˆุด ูˆ ุฏุฌูŠุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:25,840 --> 00:04:31,220
211
+ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฏุฌูŠุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:31,220 --> 00:04:37,330
215
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ .. ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:37,330 --> 00:04:42,050
219
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุชุญู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุชูุดูุดุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:42,050 --> 00:04:48,030
223
+ .. ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:48,030 --> 00:04:51,270
227
+ ุฌู„ุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง .. ููŠ example ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุถุฑุจูˆู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:51,270 --> 00:04:56,630
231
+ cable ุฃูˆ ุญุจู„ ูˆ ุณุญุจุช ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:56,630 --> 00:05:00,510
235
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู‚ูŠู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:00,510 --> 00:05:05,760
239
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุทุจ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:05,760 --> 00:05:09,500
243
+ ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุฃูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:09,500 --> 00:05:13,160
247
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฌูŠู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ stress
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:13,160 --> 00:05:20,580
251
+ ุงู„ stress ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ the extract below
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:20,580 --> 00:05:23,740
255
+ is from an engineering textbook ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฅูŠุด
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:23,740 --> 00:05:27,500
259
+ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู‡ุง in a test a thick cable is used to pick up
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:27,500 --> 00:05:34,800
263
+ a heavy object ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงุจู„ ุณู…ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุณุญุจู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุดูŠุก
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:40,760
267
+ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุซู‚ูŠู„ the cable stretches slightly ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:46,540
271
+ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ apply force ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ stretching
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:46,540 --> 00:05:51,660
275
+ ุจู…ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:51,660 --> 00:05:55,460
279
+ ุชุฌูŠู‡ ู„ูŠุด ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุฌูˆุต ู„ุชุญุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุฌูˆู‡
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:55,460 --> 00:05:58,500
283
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠุณุฉ ุจุชุญุณูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุถุนูŠูุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:58,500 --> 00:06:04,170
287
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุจูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุญุจู„ ุญุทูŠุชู‡
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:04,170 --> 00:06:09,330
291
+ ูˆ ุดุฏูŠุชู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุดุฏู‡ ูˆ ุนู„ู‚ุชุด ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:09,330 --> 00:06:13,030
295
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุต ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุดุฏู‡ ู…ุงุดุฏูˆุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุดุฏ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:13,030 --> 00:06:16,530
299
+ .. ุตุงุฑู„ู‡ ุดุฏ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ..
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:16,530 --> 00:06:22,290
303
+ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ .. ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุตุงุฑ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:22,290 --> 00:06:26,860
307
+ deformed ุทูŠุจ the cable stretches slightly but lifts
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:26,860 --> 00:06:30,560
311
+ the weight ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† a second test is done
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:33,960
315
+ using a thinner cable thinner cable ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:39,820
319
+ ูƒุงุจู„ ุฃุฑูุน one with only half the cross-sectional
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:39,820 --> 00:06:44,500
323
+ area of the thick cable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ุต ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุชุจุนู‡
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:44,500 --> 00:06:49,560
327
+ this time the cable stretches then break ุงู„ูƒุงุจู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:54,980
331
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจู…ุท ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจู†ู‚ุทุน why did the
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:54,980 --> 00:07:00,260
335
+ thinner cable failุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ูุดู„ ุงู„ุขู† not due to a
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:00,260 --> 00:07:03,520
339
+ higher load as the weight was the same ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:03,520 --> 00:07:07,880
343
+ load ุชุจุนุชูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุชุจุนูŠ ู…ุง ุชุบูŠุฑุด ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุงุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:07,880 --> 00:07:12,160
347
+ the failure was due to stress ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุณุจุจ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:16,800
351
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ stress ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ stress is force per unit
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:19,720
355
+ area ุงู„ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:25,930
359
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ and is measured in
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:25,930 --> 00:07:30,710
363
+ newton per square meter or pascals ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:30,710 --> 00:07:34,550
367
+ newton per square meter ุฃูˆ pascals the thinner
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:34,550 --> 00:07:39,210
371
+ cable was therefore stressed twice as much as the
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:39,210 --> 00:07:42,050
375
+ thick cable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุทู„ุน ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:42,050 --> 00:07:47,690
379
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ proportional ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:47,690 --> 00:07:53,400
383
+ ู†ู‚ุตุช ู„ู†ุต ูุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ stress ุงุถุงุนู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:53,400 --> 00:07:58,260
387
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ as the same load was concentrated into
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:58,260 --> 00:08:03,160
391
+ the cross-sectional area that was fifty percent
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:08,550
395
+ smaller ุงู„ุขู† concentrated ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ focused ุฃูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:08,550 --> 00:08:13,850
399
+ ุชุฑูƒุฒุช focus ุชุฑูƒุฒุช ูˆู‡ูŠ concentrated ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:13,850 --> 00:08:17,070
403
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง fail, failure, stressed,
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:17,610 --> 00:08:24,110
407
+ concentrated ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง exerted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:24,110 --> 00:08:31,850
411
+ applied ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ุง loads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง act on ุชุชูุงุนู„ ููŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:31,850 --> 00:08:36,550
415
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง carry ุฃูˆ pair ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก load bearing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:36,550 --> 00:08:41,310
419
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ magnitude ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:41,310 --> 00:08:47,950
423
+ quantity ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ scalar quantity ุทูŠุจ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:47,950 --> 00:08:50,890
427
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง why did the ticker cable stretch but
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:50,890 --> 00:08:54,250
431
+ not break when the objects are stretched they
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:54,250 --> 00:09:00,050
435
+ deform ุงู„ deformation ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุงุŸ ุจุชุดูˆู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:00,050 --> 00:09:05,270
439
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุทูˆู„ ู‡ูŠุชุดูˆู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠุฑูุน ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุจุฑูุน
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:05,270 --> 00:09:09,670
443
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃุจุณุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏู†ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:09,670 --> 00:09:15,770
447
+ ู…ุบูŠุทุฉ ุฎุฏุช ู…ุบูŠุทุฉ ูˆ ุณุญุจุชูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒุŸ ุชุชู…ุฏุฏ ..
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:15,770 --> 00:09:19,870
451
+ ุชุชู…ุฏุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจุชู…ุทุจ ุชุณูˆูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฑุงุฎุฏุชูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฑุฌุน
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:19,870 --> 00:09:24,200
455
+ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:34,340
459
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ elasticity ุงู„ุขู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:34,340 --> 00:09:38,580
463
+ elasticity ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:38,580 --> 00:09:45,140
467
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช Layden ูˆ ู…ุถุทูŠุชุŒ ุจุฑุฌุน ุงู„ factor ุชุจุนู‡
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:45,140 --> 00:09:50,920
471
+ ุจุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ in test the cable
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:55,500
475
+ extended it increased in length extension can be
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:55,500 --> 00:09:58,900
479
+ measured as a change in an object length compared
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:58,900 --> 00:10:02,560
483
+ to its original length ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ change ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:07,340
487
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ .. ู‡ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ .. ู‚ุฏุงุดุฉ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุทูˆู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:07,340 --> 00:10:15,100
491
+ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:15,100 --> 00:10:20,810
495
+ strain ุงู„ู€ strain ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠุณ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:20,810 --> 00:10:24,930
499
+ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุฅูŠุงู‡ according to a law called young's
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:24,930 --> 00:10:30,190
503
+ modulus of elasticity stress is proportional to
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:30,190 --> 00:10:34,330
507
+ strain ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ stress ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:34,330 --> 00:10:38,290
511
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ strain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ in other
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:38,290 --> 00:10:41,630
515
+ words a percentage increase in the stress will
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:41,630 --> 00:10:44,770
519
+ cause the same percentage increase in the strain
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:44,770 --> 00:10:51,990
523
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุทุฑุฏูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stress ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:51,990 --> 00:10:57,210
527
+ ุงู„ strain ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ however this is only true up to
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:57,210 --> 00:11:01,250
531
+ a point called limit of proportionality ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:01,250 --> 00:11:03,950
535
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุทุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง linear
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:03,950 --> 00:11:08,770
539
+ region linear ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฒูŠุฏ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:08,770 --> 00:11:12,640
543
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ linear
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:17,720
547
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ outside ุงู„ limit of
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:17,720 --> 00:11:20,600
551
+ proportionality ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจุทู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:23,820
555
+ linear ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ non-linear ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฒูŠุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ stress
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:23,820 --> 00:11:28,800
559
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฑุงูู‚ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ strain ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:28,800 --> 00:11:32,640
563
+ ุชุญุตู„ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ non-linear relationship
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:38,340
567
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ non-linear region ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:38,340 --> 00:11:43,740
571
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุณุชุตุจุญ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุนุถุงุก.
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:53,480
575
+ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ stress and strain were
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:58,120
579
+ therefore become disproportionate ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุด
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:58,120 --> 00:12:02,520
583
+ ุทุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ..ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:08,120
587
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ..ููŠุด ุฅุดูŠ ุจุญูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:12,640
591
+ ..ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ..ุงุฎุฏุชูˆุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:12,640 --> 00:12:16,500
595
+ ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ diode ุงู„ diode
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:19,510 --> 00:12:26,750
599
+ ู…ุงุด ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุŸ ุงุชู†ุงู‚ุดุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ diode ุงูŠุด
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:26,750 --> 00:12:31,090
603
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุงุŸ ุงูˆ ุงู„ transistor ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุงุดู‰ ุงู„ transistor
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:31,090 --> 00:12:35,570
607
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:35,570 --> 00:12:41,990
611
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ base ุชูŠุงุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ collector ุงูŠุด ุจุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:47,450
615
+ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู†
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:47,450 --> 00:12:54,070
619
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒูŠุณุชุฑ ุงูˆู„ุง ููŠ curve ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:54,070 --> 00:13:02,830
623
+ ุงู„ VB ุฃูˆ CE ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ IC ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ IC ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:02,830 --> 00:13:09,950
627
+ ุชุจุน ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ collector ุตุญ ุงู†ุง ุฌุงูŠุจู„ูƒูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:09,950 --> 00:13:17,860
631
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจู„ุงุด ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุงู„ ..
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:17,860 --> 00:13:23,100
635
+ ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุชุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:23,100 --> 00:13:31,680
639
+ ุงุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช cable ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ .. ุงูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:31,680 --> 00:13:37,510
643
+ ู…ุทุงุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุทุงุทุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุญุจู„ ู…ุทุงุท ุทุจุน ุงู„ู†ุทุŒ ุทุจุน
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:37,510 --> 00:13:42,450
647
+ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุญู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ูˆุฒู† ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุญู„ุงุญุธ ุฅูŠุด ุจู…ุท
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:42,450 --> 00:13:45,850
651
+ ู…ุนูŠ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุถู„ูŠุชู†ูŠ ุฃุฒูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฒุงู†
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:45,850 --> 00:13:51,470
655
+ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุฅูŠุด .. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ูˆุฒู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจู„ุงุญุธุŸ ุงู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:51,470 --> 00:13:56,700
659
+ .. ุจู…ุท ู…ุทุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุชุดูˆู‚ ุงู‡ ุจุณ ุงูˆู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:56,700 --> 00:14:02,440
663
+ ู„ุญุฏ ุฏูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูุด ู†ุณุจุฉ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:06,380
667
+ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุจุทู„ุช
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:06,380 --> 00:14:12,060
671
+ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ type of loads ูˆ ุงู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:12,060 --> 00:14:17,130
675
+ description ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ dead load ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:17,130 --> 00:14:20,190
679
+ live load ู‡ุฏู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ appendix ุงูŠุด ุงู„ dead loadุŸ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:20,190 --> 00:14:24,090
683
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุทุงู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:24,090 --> 00:14:32,310
687
+ ุญุฏู‡ ููŠู‡ ุถุบุท ู„ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ู„ุณู‚ู ููŠ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุญูŠุทุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:32,310 --> 00:14:37,830
691
+ ุถุบุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฃูˆุฒุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:37,830 --> 00:14:42,070
695
+ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุชุจุนูƒู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:42,070 --> 00:14:46,470
699
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:46,470 --> 00:14:50,770
703
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนูƒู… ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ live
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:50,770 --> 00:14:55,570
707
+ load ูู‡ู…ุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ live loadุŸ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:55,570 --> 00:14:58,650
711
+ dead loadุŒ ุงู„ dead load ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:04,430 --> 00:15:07,990
715
+ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ู‡ุฐุง a load whose magnitude can be different
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:07,990 --> 00:15:11,850
719
+ at different time usually imposed on put on or
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:11,850 --> 00:15:16,170
723
+ machine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง static loads ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠู‡
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:16,170 --> 00:15:21,350
727
+ loads they stay ูŠุนู†ูŠ the same remain still still
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:21,350 --> 00:15:28,980
731
+ ุงูŠุด ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุงู„ loads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุถู„ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุงูƒู†ุฉ ุฏู‡
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:28,980 --> 00:15:32,200
735
+ ุจู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:38,780
739
+ ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:38,780 --> 00:15:45,900
743
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ุฎููŠูุŒ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:45,900 --> 00:15:52,590
747
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:52,590 --> 00:15:57,030
751
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุง ุฃุจูŠุถ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุณูˆุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:57,030 --> 00:16:03,630
755
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:03,630 --> 00:16:11,020
759
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ ู‡ูŠ dynamic ูˆู„ุง staticุŸ dynamic ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุณุจ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:11,020 --> 00:16:15,520
763
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ dynamic load
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:15,520 --> 00:16:20,460
767
+ ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ static
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:20,460 --> 00:16:23,940
771
+ load ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:23,940 --> 00:16:28,180
775
+ point load ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ uniformly distributed load ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:28,180 --> 00:16:33,560
779
+ point load ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:33,560 --> 00:16:36,960
783
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ุงุช ุงูŠุด ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:40,900
787
+ load which is concentrated that is which act on a
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:40,900 --> 00:16:44,700
791
+ smaller area ุจุงุฌูŠ ุน ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:44,700 --> 00:16:48,480
795
+ distributed weight ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฒุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:53,980
799
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ูู‡ุงุช ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด distributed weight
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:53,980 --> 00:17:01,170
803
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ุทุฑู‚ุช ู‡ูˆุงูŠุง ู‡ุงู†ุงู„ู€ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:01,170 --> 00:17:05,350
807
+ ูˆูŠู† ุฌุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ุงุช ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌุจุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆูˆุฒุนุช ุญุทูŠุช
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:05,350 --> 00:17:10,070
811
+ ุฎุดุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุตุฑุช ุงุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒูƒู„ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:10,070 --> 00:17:13,670
815
+ distributed uniformly distributed weight a load
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:13,670 --> 00:17:17,250
819
+ which is spread evenly ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:17,250 --> 00:17:22,450
823
+ ุจุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูุงู†ุง .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุนุฑู ููŠู‡ุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:22,450 --> 00:17:26,750
827
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุญุฉ video
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:26,750 --> 00:17:30,810
831
+ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ loads ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ูˆ ุจุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:30,810 --> 00:17:35,610
835
+ examples ูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stress ูˆ ุงู„ strain
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:35,610 --> 00:17:41,770
839
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ video ู‡ุชูุฑุฌูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:41,770 --> 00:17:43,010
843
+ ู…ุทู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:45,790 --> 00:17:49,410
847
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู‡ุชุดูˆููŠ .. ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงุชุณู†ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุชุดูˆููŠ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:49,410 --> 00:17:53,470
851
+ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ุง replace the underlying words
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:53,470 --> 00:17:56,110
855
+ and expressions with alternative words and
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:56,110 --> 00:18:01,810
859
+ expressions from a and appendix ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ page 106
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:01,810 --> 00:18:06,280
863
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูุชูˆู‡ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:10,200
867
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง if you look at objects around
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:10,200 --> 00:18:12,720
871
+ you it's difficult to find something that could
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:12,720 --> 00:18:17,020
875
+ not be smashed with a hammer ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุญูˆุงู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:17,020 --> 00:18:22,400
879
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชูƒุณุฑูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒูˆุด ุตุญุŸ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:22,400 --> 00:18:28,140
883
+ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุจุงู„ุดูƒูˆุด ุงุณุฃู„ ุฃุฎูˆุงุชูƒ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ูƒ ู…ุงููŠุด
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:28,140 --> 00:18:34,320
887
+ ุดูŠุก ู…ุชูƒุณุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ but if you lay the hammer down
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:37,960
891
+ carefully on any of these objects ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด force
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:37,960 --> 00:18:45,200
895
+ with ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู†ุฒู„ุช ุงู„ุดูƒูˆุด ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:47,920
899
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ forceุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ force ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:54,720
903
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ load load ู…ุธุจูˆุท which is put on them
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:54,720 --> 00:19:00,930
907
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ put onุŸ exerted ุฃูˆ imposed on ุงู„ impose
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:00,930 --> 00:19:06,690
911
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃูˆ exerted ุฃู†ุง ูุฑุฏุชู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:06,690 --> 00:19:10,170
915
+ would not be sufficient to cause even the
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:10,170 --> 00:19:13,130
919
+ slightest damage this comparison illustrate the
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:13,130 --> 00:19:17,030
923
+ difference between them ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:17,030 --> 00:19:22,190
927
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ moving force which
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:22,190 --> 00:19:24,970
931
+ combine mass and momentุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:24,970 --> 00:19:27,770
935
+ moving forceุŸ ุงู„ moving force ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:27,770 --> 00:19:33,710
939
+ dynamic force ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ apply a shock ุงูŠุด
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:33,710 --> 00:19:40,910
943
+ ุงู„ุดูƒุŸ ุงู„ impulse ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ impulse ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:40,910 --> 00:19:45,310
947
+ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ shock ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงูŠุดุŸ impulse
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:53,760
951
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ุจูˆู„ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:59,900
955
+ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ system ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุดุงุฑู‡ ุงู† ุงู„
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:59,900 --> 00:20:06,480
959
+ magnitude ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ at time zero ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:11,620
963
+ ููŠ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุนุทูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:11,620 --> 00:20:15,420
967
+ ุงู„ุดุงู‚ุŒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุญุฏ ูŠุฎุจุทูƒ ู‡ูˆูŠุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุงู‚ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:15,420 --> 00:20:20,240
971
+ ุณุงู‡ุฑุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ูˆุฎุจุทูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ู„ุง ุจุณ ู‡ูˆูŠุง ูˆ ุจุณุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:25,380
975
+ ุฒูŠ ู†ุฎุฒุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ูˆู‚ูุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุงู‚ุŒ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:25,380 --> 00:20:31,810
979
+ ุจุทู„ุช ุดุงู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุดูƒ ุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:31,810 --> 00:20:37,850
983
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูƒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ moving
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:37,850 --> 00:20:43,490
987
+ force ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง dynamic load ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง impulse
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:43,490 --> 00:20:49,750
991
+ ุงู„ุขู† still force ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง static load which
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:49,750 --> 00:20:53,070
995
+ consists only of an object own mass ุงูŠุด ุงู„ own
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:53,070 --> 00:20:59,530
999
+ mass ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ self weight self weight ุงู„ own mass
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:59,530 --> 00:21:04,250
1003
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง between the two situations ุงูŠุด
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:04,250 --> 00:21:07,990
1007
+ the size of the load ุงูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ magnitude ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:07,990 --> 00:21:13,070
1011
+ ู‡ูˆ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง load placed on the service is
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:13,070 --> 00:21:18,370
1015
+ dramatically different ุงูŠุด placed on exerted ุฃูˆ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:18,370 --> 00:21:23,170
1019
+ imposed on ู‡ูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:23,170 --> 00:21:30,430
1023
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ put on ุฃูˆ applied on ุฃูˆ applied to ู†ูุณ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:30,430 --> 00:21:34,790
1027
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ the above comparison
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:34,790 --> 00:21:38,350
1031
+ illustrated another difference in the way services
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:38,350 --> 00:21:43,330
1035
+ are pressured ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ pressuredุŸ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:44,810 --> 00:21:49,510
1039
+ loaded when a hammer is laid horizontally on the
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:49,510 --> 00:21:54,450
1043
+ surface its weight is spread over relatively large
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:54,450 --> 00:21:59,490
1047
+ area ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุญุทูŠุชูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ horizontal ุงูŠุด
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:59,490 --> 00:22:05,830
1051
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:05,830 --> 00:22:11,330
1055
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง it is therefore applied spread out
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:18,070
1059
+ force ุงูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ uniformly distributed load
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:18,070 --> 00:22:22,670
1063
+ ุงู„ู€ uniformly distributed load ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฒุนุช
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:22,670 --> 00:22:28,650
1067
+ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŒ uniform ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:28,650 --> 00:22:29,890
1071
+ ู…ู†ุชุธู…
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:32,740 --> 00:22:36,940
1075
+ by contrast ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠุถ when a hammer hits
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:36,940 --> 00:22:40,300
1079
+ something only the edge of the hammer head comes
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:40,300 --> 00:22:44,000
1083
+ into contact with the surface ู„ู…ุง ุญุทูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:47,820
1087
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูƒูˆุด ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ ุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:47,820 --> 00:22:52,360
1091
+ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุถุฑุจ ุงูŠุด ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:52,360 --> 00:22:56,400
1095
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง in contact with the surface the force
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:56,400 --> 00:23:01,750
1099
+ therefore is focused ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง concentrated in
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:01,750 --> 00:23:05,630
1103
+ a small area applying ุฅูŠุดุŸ localized pressure
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:05,630 --> 00:23:10,110
1107
+ point load ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ point loadุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:10,110 --> 00:23:16,650
1111
+ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€ uniformly spread load ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุชูˆุฒุน
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:16,650 --> 00:23:20,230
1115
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุจุฏูƒ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:20,230 --> 00:23:24,330
1119
+ ุงู„ู€ dynamic ุฅูŠุด ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุŸ dynamic load moving
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:24,330 --> 00:23:31,100
1123
+ still ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ static loadุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุบู„
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:31,100 --> 00:23:34,820
1127
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ point loadุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:34,820 --> 00:23:38,580
1131
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ uniformlyุŒ distributed load ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ overุŒ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:38,580 --> 00:23:42,460
1135
+ ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:42,460 --> 00:23:48,370
1139
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุถุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:48,370 --> 00:23:52,490
1143
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ complete the technical checklist
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:52,490 --> 00:23:59,510
1147
+ based on ุงู„ู€ a ุงู„ุขู† ู…ูˆุฒุนุชู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุญุงุทูŠู† ุงู„ู€ a
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:59,510 --> 00:24:04,650
1151
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ b ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญุงุทูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:04,650 --> 00:24:08,510
1155
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุถู„ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ูƒู„
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:08,510 --> 00:24:12,190
1159
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ which components need
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:12,190 --> 00:24:16,190
1163
+ to carry load determine what which components are
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:16,820 --> 00:24:23,440
1167
+ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ bearing .. bearing ุงูŠุดุŸ load ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:23,440 --> 00:24:27,360
1171
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง which components need to carry load
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:31,740
1175
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ bearing load ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ what
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:31,740 --> 00:24:35,560
1179
+ type of load will be carried out carried by each
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:35,560 --> 00:24:39,840
1183
+ part with which load will remain constant and
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:39,840 --> 00:24:42,980
1187
+ which will differ depending on the use of
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:42,980 --> 00:24:46,500
1191
+ circumstances ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง analyzing the type of the
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:54,480
1195
+ load that will ุงูŠุด ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง act on exerted on ุฃูˆ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:54,480 --> 00:24:59,380
1199
+ impose on on each part ุฃุณุณ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:59,380 --> 00:25:07,140
1203
+ load ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ dead
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:07,140 --> 00:25:12,170
1207
+ load ูˆ ุงู„ู€ live load ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ู€ dead ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:12,170 --> 00:25:16,670
1211
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ structure ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ live ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุช
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:16,670 --> 00:25:23,690
1215
+ ุจุชุบูŠุฑู‡ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุน
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:23,690 --> 00:25:27,730
1219
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช what amount of load will be exerted in
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:27,730 --> 00:25:33,590
1223
+ newtons calculate ุงูŠุด the magnitude of the load as
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:35,150 --> 00:25:39,330
1227
+ scalar quantity ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู‡ูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:39,330 --> 00:25:44,270
1231
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† scalar quantity ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ vector ู‡ูˆ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:44,270 --> 00:25:50,110
1235
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ scalar quantity ุฒุงุฆุฏ direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง in
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:50,110 --> 00:25:55,350
1239
+ what direction will the load act evaluate the load
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:55,350 --> 00:26:01,640
1243
+ as ู„ุณู‡ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠ vector quantities For the
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:06,960
1247
+ materials used, how concentrated can the maximum
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:06,960 --> 00:26:10,060
1251
+ load be without putting the components under too
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:10,060 --> 00:26:13,960
1255
+ much pressure? Determine the maximum level of
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:13,960 --> 00:26:19,080
1259
+ stress that can be carried by materials without
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:19,080 --> 00:26:23,130
1263
+ causing them to be overloaded over stress ู‡ุฐุง
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:23,130 --> 00:26:27,370
1267
+ stress ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ force per unit area ูˆ over
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:27,370 --> 00:26:32,510
1271
+ stress ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ู€ break down ุฃูˆ ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ู€
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:32,510 --> 00:26:37,610
1275
+ deformation how much deformation can be expected
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:37,610 --> 00:26:41,390
1279
+ calculate the percentage of strain ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:41,390 --> 00:26:47,760
1283
+ deformation ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู€ strain if
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:50,940
1287
+ something breaks will the assembly collapse
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:50,940 --> 00:26:58,440
1291
+ dangerously or in a controlled relatively safe way
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:58,440 --> 00:27:03,140
1295
+ assist the consequence if a component collapse
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:03,140 --> 00:27:08,640
1299
+ fail fail determining the potential dangers of the
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:09,820
1303
+ failure
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/KGbm6t1qbLk.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1459 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,700 --> 00:00:27,460
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุบุทูŠุฉ ู‚ุตุชูŠู† ู‚ุตุฉ 36 ุชุชูƒู„ู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:27,460 --> 00:00:37,280
7
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ูˆุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ู†ุญู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:37,280 --> 00:00:43,340
11
+ ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุชุชุบุทู‰
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:46,420 --> 00:00:50,660
15
+ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูˆุงู„ุธู„ุงู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู†
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:50,660 --> 00:00:59,100
19
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูŠุชู… ุชู‚ูŠู…ู‡ ููŠ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู† .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:59,100 --> 00:01:12,120
23
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ..
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:01:12,120 --> 00:01:17,600
27
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ but heat is energy so it is measured in
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:22,900
31
+ joules ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ temperature is measured in ุงูŠุดุŸ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:22,900 --> 00:01:28,320
35
+ degrees Celsius ุฃูˆ degrees Fahrenheit ุฃูˆ ุงูŠุดุŸ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:28,320 --> 00:01:32,860
39
+ degrees Kelvin ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ measurement ุชุจุนุช ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:32,860 --> 00:01:36,980
43
+ temperature ุงู„ measurement ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ heat in joules
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:36,980 --> 00:01:41,520
47
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุบูŠุงุจ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฒุจุงุฆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:49,420
51
+ ุจูŠุจุฏูˆ ู…ุด ูŠูŠุฌูˆุง ุจูŠูŠุฌูˆุง ุจูŠุนุฑููˆุง ุทูŠุจ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:49,420 --> 00:01:54,340
55
+ to calculate the amount of energy needed to raise
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:54,340 --> 00:01:56,140
59
+ the temperature of a substance
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:59,250 --> 00:02:04,530
63
+ to calculate the amount of energy needed to raise
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:02:04,530 --> 00:02:08,070
67
+ the temperature of a substance you need the
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:08,070 --> 00:02:11,330
71
+ specific heat capacity you need to know the mass
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:11,330 --> 00:02:14,990
75
+ of the substance being heated ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุญุณุจ ู‚ุฏ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:14,990 --> 00:02:19,210
79
+ ุฅูŠุด energy ู„ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุนุฑู ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูˆุฒู†
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:19,210 --> 00:02:24,220
83
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุฎู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ู…ุนุงู…ู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:24,220 --> 00:02:28,820
87
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนุฑู ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ูู‡ุฐุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:28,820 --> 00:02:32,480
91
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ you need to know the mass of the
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:35,880
95
+ substance being heated and also the specific heat
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:39,540
99
+ capacity in other words the amount of energy in
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:39,540 --> 00:02:42,540
103
+ joules required to raise the temperature of one
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:42,540 --> 00:02:47,080
107
+ kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius ูŠุนู†ูŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:47,960 --> 00:02:52,900
111
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:52,900 --> 00:02:57,840
115
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ูŠุฏูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู„ุฃุนู…ู‰ ุงู„ raising
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:57,840 --> 00:03:04,280
119
+ ู„ู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ one degree Celsius ู„ูƒู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:04,280 --> 00:03:07,940
123
+ kilogram ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ู‡ูŠ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:07,940 --> 00:03:12,260
127
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ heat ุงู„ required
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:12,260 --> 00:03:17,300
131
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ heat requirement ู„ู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:19,630 --> 00:03:23,770
135
+ what happens when substances changing states
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:23,770 --> 00:03:27,090
139
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ state of the substance ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ three
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:27,090 --> 00:03:32,530
143
+ stages ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฃูˆ three states ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูƒู„ ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:32,530 --> 00:03:35,670
147
+ ุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ูˆุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ููŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:35,670 --> 00:03:39,810
151
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ will heat energy is needed to make a solid
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:39,810 --> 00:03:45,230
155
+ melt and become a liquid ุงู„ solid melt ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ I
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:45,230 --> 00:03:52,120
159
+ ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ solid melt ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุงุฏุฉ solid
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:57,240
163
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง liquid ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ state ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ it's
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:57,240 --> 00:04:01,340
167
+ also needed to turn liquid into vapor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:01,340 --> 00:04:07,100
171
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุบุงุฒูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุบุงุฒูŠุฉ it
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:07,100 --> 00:04:11,380
175
+ takes energy to make a liquid boil so that ูˆู‡ูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:11,380 --> 00:04:18,640
179
+ ุชุชุจุฎุฑ ูˆุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุบุงุฒ ูู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง ุชุจุฎุฑ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:18,640 --> 00:04:26,480
183
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุบุงุฒ That's because melting and evaporation
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:26,480 --> 00:04:32,050
187
+ are endothermic processes that means they take a heat
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:32,050 --> 00:04:35,550
191
+ energy they need to observe heat from a heat
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:35,550 --> 00:04:40,150
195
+ source such as a flame ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:40,150 --> 00:04:48,090
199
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฃุจุณุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ู„ู‡ุจ ุฃูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:48,090 --> 00:04:52,900
203
+ ู…ู† ุดุนู„ุฉ ุงู„ flame ู„ู‡ุจ ุฃูˆ ุดุนู„ุฉ and it's the opposite
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:52,900 --> 00:05:00,180
207
+ when a substance cools ู„ู…ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:00,180 --> 00:05:07,240
211
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุจุฑูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ as
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:13,870
215
+ gas condense ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฌุงุฒ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจุชูƒุชู to
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:13,870 --> 00:05:18,310
219
+ .. to .. condense ูŠุชูƒุชู to become a liquid or a
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:18,310 --> 00:05:21,470
223
+ liquid solidified to become a solid ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:21,470 --> 00:05:25,810
227
+ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุทุท ุฃูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูˆุนุฑุถุชู‡ุง ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุฑูˆุฏุฉ ุงูŠุด
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:25,810 --> 00:05:32,010
231
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุฏ ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:32,010 --> 00:05:37,590
235
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุฌ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฒูŠุช ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุญูˆู„
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:37,590 --> 00:05:43,110
239
+ ู„ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠุด ู…ุงุฏุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:47,230 --> 00:05:52,050
243
+ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุจู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:52,050 --> 00:05:57,810
247
+ ุตู„ุจุฉ ุจุฏูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:57,810 --> 00:06:03,750
251
+ ุตู„ุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุบุงุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ .. ู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุบุงุฒูŠุฉุŒ ุงูŠุด
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:03,750 --> 00:06:08,570
255
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:08,570 --> 00:06:12,950
259
+ ุฃุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูƒุณุŒ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฐุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู…ุทุต ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:12,950 --> 00:06:17,310
263
+ emittedุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:17,310 --> 00:06:22,480
267
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุถูˆุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ emitting photons
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:22,480 --> 00:06:27,260
271
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ููˆุชูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ element ุงู„ observe ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:27,260 --> 00:06:31,080
275
+ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุถุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุชุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุงูŠุด
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:36,540
279
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ observe ุงูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู…ุทุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ observe
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:36,540 --> 00:06:41,260
283
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุจุชู…ุทุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ูุฅุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:41,260 --> 00:06:45,500
287
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฎุฒู†ุŒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง .. ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:45,500 --> 00:06:49,760
291
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ .. ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุชุจุญุฑุŒ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ emitุŒ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:49,760 --> 00:06:55,320
295
+ emit ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุทู„ู‚ observe ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ูŠู…ุทุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:55,320 --> 00:06:58,620
299
+ ุจู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ while a substance changes states in joules
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:58,620 --> 00:07:04,160
303
+ per kilogram is called late latent heat ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:09,760
307
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง latent heat ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:16,560
311
+ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง latent heat ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:21,190
315
+ ุงู„ heat ุงู„ู…ุชู†ู‚ู„ during melting it's called latent
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:21,190 --> 00:07:26,370
319
+ heat of fusion ู„ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ melting ุณู…ู†ุง ุงูŠุด
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:26,370 --> 00:07:33,450
323
+ latent heat of fusion and during vaporizing
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:33,450 --> 00:07:38,610
327
+ it's called latent heat of vaporization ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:38,610 --> 00:07:44,090
331
+ latent heat of vaporization ู‡ุฏ ุจุชุญูˆู„ .. ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู„ุบุงุฒ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:44,090 --> 00:07:51,450
335
+ latent heat of fusion ู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:51,450 --> 00:07:56,270
339
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ุงูŠ two terms ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:56,270 --> 00:08:00,330
343
+ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู†ุชูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ูŠุชู‡ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:02,760 --> 00:08:05,940
347
+ ุงู„ู€ heat transfer to help understand the transfer
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:05,940 --> 00:08:10,760
351
+ homes provide everyday examples ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:10,760 --> 00:08:16,420
355
+ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู„ูƒูŠู ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ heating system
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:16,420 --> 00:08:21,620
359
+ in homes often have electric convector heaters
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:21,620 --> 00:08:26,160
363
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ู†ุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุนุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:26,160 --> 00:08:32,510
367
+ ู…ุง ู…ุนุชุฏู„ ูููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:32,510 --> 00:08:36,490
371
+ ุฃูˆ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ู„ู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠู„ ุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:36,490 --> 00:08:40,810
375
+ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ air conditioning ุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุจุณ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:40,810 --> 00:08:46,900
379
+ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ู„ุณุงุชู‡ุง ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:46,900 --> 00:08:50,700
383
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ุง ุงุซู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ techniques ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:50,700 --> 00:08:55,880
387
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ these heat .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ electric .. ุงู„
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:55,880 --> 00:08:58,280
391
+ heating system in homes often have electric
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:58,280 --> 00:09:02,660
395
+ convectors .. heaters these heat .. heat the air
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:02,660 --> 00:09:05,660
399
+ and make it circulate ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ air condition ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:05,660 --> 00:09:10,420
403
+ ุจุชุณูˆูŠ .. ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌูˆ ุจุงุฑุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุชุณุฎู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:10,420 --> 00:09:14,560
407
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:14,560 --> 00:09:18,610
411
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุณุฎูŠู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:18,610 --> 00:09:21,950
415
+ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุญุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:21,950 --> 00:09:26,030
419
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุจุชุนูŠุฏ ุชุณุฎูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:26,030 --> 00:09:29,970
423
+ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุจุชุจุฑุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆุชุฏูุน ุจุฑุง ูˆุจุชุงุฎุฏ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:29,970 --> 00:09:38,260
427
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุณุฎูˆู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุจุฑุฏ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:38,260 --> 00:09:44,080
431
+ ุฃูˆู„ุง ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:45,100
435
+ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู…
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:45,100 --> 00:09:45,260
439
+ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู…
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:45,260 --> 00:09:46,560
443
+ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:46,560 --> 00:09:46,820
447
+ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู…
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:46,820 --> 00:09:51,460
451
+ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู…
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:51,460 --> 00:09:56,780
455
+ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุณุฎู† ูˆ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:56,780 --> 00:10:01,580
459
+ ุจุนูƒุณ ูˆุฃุถุนู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุทู„ู‚ู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ circle
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:01,580 --> 00:10:05,080
463
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:05,080 --> 00:10:10,790
467
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุณุฎู† ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ูˆุจูŽุฑุฌุนู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:10,790 --> 00:10:16,790
471
+ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏ ูˆุจุณุฎู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŽุฑุฌุนู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:16,790 --> 00:10:20,730
475
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุณุฎู† ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:20,730 --> 00:10:26,450
479
+ ู„ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ this is called convection where
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:26,450 --> 00:10:30,390
483
+ warm gas or liquid moves around and dissipate heat
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:30,390 --> 00:10:35,130
487
+ transferring it to the rest of the gas or the
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:35,130 --> 00:10:38,890
491
+ liquid ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ููŠ ุทุฑู‚ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:39,970 --> 00:10:44,770
495
+ ุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ูŠู‡ ุชุดูˆูู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŒ ุญุฏุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:44,770 --> 00:10:50,410
499
+ ููŠูƒู… ุดุงูู‡ุงุŒ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุด
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:50,410 --> 00:10:57,070
503
+ .. ุงู„ุฌุฑุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุดุจูˆูƒุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑู† ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:57,070 --> 00:11:01,010
507
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุชุญุช ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฎุทุŒ ุงู„ุฎุท
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:01,010 --> 00:11:06,820
511
+ ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุนู‡ุŸ ู†ุญุงุณูŠ ุตุญุŸ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุจุฑุงุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฎุท
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:06,820 --> 00:11:12,260
515
+ ู†ุญุงุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุนุณุงุณ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ air
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:12,260 --> 00:11:16,600
519
+ conditioning ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุŸ ุจุชุบูŠุฑู‡ุง
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:17,340 --> 00:11:20,660
523
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ูˆุนุงู‹ ู…ุง ุฌูุงู ูุฅู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:20,660 --> 00:11:23,860
527
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฅูŠุด ุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:23,860 --> 00:11:29,360
531
+ humidifier ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุทู„ู‚ ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุนุดุงู†
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:29,360 --> 00:11:33,400
535
+ ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชุฎู„ุต
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:38,510
539
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:38,510 --> 00:11:43,050
543
+ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุฉ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ุด ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุฎู† ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุนู…ู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:43,050 --> 00:11:47,610
547
+ ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ู†ุญุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจู„ูู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูˆ ุจุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:47,610 --> 00:11:52,330
551
+ ุณุฎู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุณูˆูŠ ู„ู‡ุง circulation ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:52,330 --> 00:11:57,230
555
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุชุฃุซุฑุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุจุชุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุด ูุฅู†ุช
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:57,230 --> 00:12:02,350
559
+ ุจุชุนูŠุด ุจุจูŠุฆุฉ ู†ูˆุนุงู‹ ู…ุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:02,350 --> 00:12:06,910
563
+ ุงู„ุงุด .. ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู†ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ูˆ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:06,910 --> 00:12:10,170
567
+ ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:14,620
571
+ Alternatively, the heating system in a home may
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:14,620 --> 00:12:17,880
575
+ circulate hot water through a radiator. ู‡ุฐู‡
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:17,880 --> 00:12:22,420
579
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง the radiators act as a heat exchanger
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:22,420 --> 00:12:28,060
583
+ devices that transfer heat in this case from the
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:28,060 --> 00:12:34,500
587
+ hot water inside to the cooler air outside ุงู„ุขู†
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:34,500 --> 00:12:38,570
591
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:38,570 --> 00:12:41,730
595
+ motor ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฌูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุŸ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:41,730 --> 00:12:44,970
599
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุชู‡ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:44,970 --> 00:12:48,230
603
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุชู†ุญุฑู‚ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู„ุจุณุฉ ุจุชุฌูŠ ุชุชุฎุจู‰ ุชุญุช
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:48,230 --> 00:12:54,940
607
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ุจุชุฌูŠ ุชุชุฎุจู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:54,940 --> 00:13:00,860
611
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ููŠู‡ุง cooling system ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ cooling
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:00,860 --> 00:13:03,600
615
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู…ุฑุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:07,520
619
+ radiator ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุชู„ู ุนู„ู‰
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:07,520 --> 00:13:12,740
623
+ ู‚ู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ููŠ ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ุจุช .. ุจุช .. ุจุช ..
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:12,740 --> 00:13:15,880
627
+ ุจุช .. ุจุชุจุช ู‡ูˆุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงู‡ุง ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ู
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:15,880 --> 00:13:19,800
631
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ููŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง heat sinks ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ heat sinksุŸ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:20,010 --> 00:13:26,130
635
+ ุญุงุฌุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุนู‡ุง
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:26,130 --> 00:13:30,890
639
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠุญ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:30,890 --> 00:13:34,450
643
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชุณูˆูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุชุจุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠุญ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:34,450 --> 00:13:39,490
647
+ ูุจุชุจุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ูุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:39,490 --> 00:13:44,650
651
+ ุชุจุน ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:44,650 --> 00:13:51,030
655
+ ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆุถุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ู…ู† ู†ุดุทุฉ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:51,030 --> 00:13:58,290
659
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:58,290 --> 00:14:01,110
663
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ุจ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:01,110 --> 00:14:02,610
667
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:02,610 --> 00:14:06,110
671
+ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:06,110 --> 00:14:11,680
675
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุดูุช ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ู‡ุงุชุŸ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:11,680 --> 00:14:16,000
679
+ ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏุงูŠุงุช ุชุจุน ุงู„ radiator ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠุญ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:21,020
683
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน .. ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน .. ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ุจุชุณุฑุน
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:21,020 --> 00:14:26,700
687
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ heat ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:26,700 --> 00:14:31,760
691
+ heat is dissipated by convection ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:35,100
695
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง the third way that heat is
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:35,100 --> 00:14:39,300
699
+ transferred by radiation this is heat that travel
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:39,300 --> 00:14:43,520
703
+ as electromagnetic wave ุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ radiation ุฅูŠุด
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:49,960
707
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุนุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ radiator ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:49,960 --> 00:14:53,820
711
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ radiation ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุนุจุฑ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:53,820 --> 00:14:57,680
715
+ electromagnetic waves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:57,680 --> 00:15:00,380
719
+ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู‡ุง this is heat that travels as
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:00,380 --> 00:15:03,440
723
+ electromagnetic wave and example is heat from the
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:03,440 --> 00:15:08,120
727
+ sun ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุฌูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุจุชุฌูŠ ุนุจุฑ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:08,120 --> 00:15:11,340
731
+ electromagnetic waves ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ photons
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:11,340 --> 00:15:15,320
735
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุตู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ so that the radiators
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:15,320 --> 00:15:19,620
739
+ that circulate water have a misleading name as
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:19,620 --> 00:15:23,880
743
+ they don't really function as radiation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณู…
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:31,000
747
+ ุงู„ radiator ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฌูŠ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:35,420
751
+ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ example ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:35,420 --> 00:15:40,500
755
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง when temperature of ice is
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:40,500 --> 00:15:47,440
759
+ zero degree it changes ุฅูŠุด state it is to water
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:47,440 --> 00:15:54,460
763
+ melts to water ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ูŠุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:54,460 --> 00:15:59,200
767
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุฌ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ at one hundred degree water
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:00,790 --> 00:16:08,670
771
+ boil ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุจุฎุฑ ุฃูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:08,670 --> 00:16:15,930
775
+ ุจูŠุบู„ูŠ ูˆ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ state when water is ุฅูŠุด to zero
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:15,930 --> 00:16:23,730
779
+ degree or below it become ice when water cools to
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:23,730 --> 00:16:29,050
783
+ zero degree or below and ุฅูŠุด to become ice
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:31,490 --> 00:16:36,610
787
+ solidify ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ solidifyุŸ ุชุชุฌู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุชุชุฌู…ุฏ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:36,610 --> 00:16:44,930
791
+ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุซู„ุฌ it freezes in gas form water is
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:44,930 --> 00:16:56,390
795
+ called steam ุฃูˆ vapor ุฃูˆ water vapor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุงุจู†
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:56,390 --> 00:17:01,450
799
+ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ steam ุงู„ steam ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑ ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:01,450 --> 00:17:06,510
803
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุชุฎุตุตุงุช
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:06,510 --> 00:17:11,130
807
+ ุชูˆุตู„ูƒู… ู„ูˆ ุชุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:11,130 --> 00:17:17,040
811
+ ููŠู‡ ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ุฃู†ุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ู…ูˆู„ุฏ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนุงู…ุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:17,040 --> 00:17:25,980
815
+ ุณูุฑ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ูˆู„ุฏุงุช ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุด ุฃุฑุจุน ุณุชุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:25,980 --> 00:17:31,300
819
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆ ูƒู„ two
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:31,300 --> 00:17:34,580
823
+ units ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ one unit ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู„ู‰ steam
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:34,580 --> 00:17:39,740
827
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุจุฑุฏูˆุง ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู‡ูŠุจุฏู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:39,740 --> 00:17:42,920
831
+ ูุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุฅุฐุง ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู…ุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:42,920 --> 00:17:49,460
835
+ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุนู‚ุจุงู„ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:49,460 --> 00:17:53,060
839
+ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูŠ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฏูˆู‡ุง
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:53,060 --> 00:17:57,420
843
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจุฑุฏูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุชูˆุฑุจูŠู†ุงุช ุชุจุนุช
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:57,420 --> 00:18:03,080
847
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ steam
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:07,760
851
+ ุงู„ steam ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ู„ูŠูˆู„ุฏูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:07,760 --> 00:18:12,820
855
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ combined cycle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:12,820 --> 00:18:18,160
859
+ ูู„ูƒู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ unit ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:22,760
863
+ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:22,760 --> 00:18:27,240
867
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑ ูุนู†ุง ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุณุชุฉ units ุงู„ู„ูŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:27,240 --> 00:18:34,460
871
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุทูŠุจ between one hundred
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:34,460 --> 00:18:37,860
875
+ degree Celsius and three hundred seventy four
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:37,860 --> 00:18:43,940
879
+ degree water is ุฅูŠุดุŸ a vapor because it's below it
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:43,940 --> 00:18:50,540
883
+ .. it's .. ุฅูŠุด .. temperature below ุฅูŠุด ..
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:50,540 --> 00:18:54,480
887
+ critical .. it's a critical temperature ุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:54,480 --> 00:18:58,240
891
+ critical temperature ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจุนุฏู‡ุง superheated
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:58,240 --> 00:19:06,020
895
+ superheated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชูˆุตู„ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุชุนุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:06,020 --> 00:19:12,130
899
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ extremely hot water vapor is called superheated
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:12,130 --> 00:19:21,890
903
+ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:21,890 --> 00:19:25,050
907
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:25,050 --> 00:19:34,030
911
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ matching between a liquid pumped onto a
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:34,030 --> 00:19:37,450
915
+ work piece that is being machined to stop it
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:37,450 --> 00:19:43,040
919
+ overheating is called ุฅูŠุดุŸ coolant ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:43,040 --> 00:19:48,860
923
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ ..
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:48,860 --> 00:19:50,300
927
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:50,300 --> 00:19:50,880
931
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:50,880 --> 00:19:51,700
935
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:51,700 --> 00:19:54,940
939
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:54,940 --> 00:19:55,440
943
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:56,740
947
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:56,740 --> 00:19:57,000
951
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:57,000 --> 00:19:57,280
955
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:57,280 --> 00:20:02,740
959
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:02,740 --> 00:20:06,880
963
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:11,020 --> 00:20:13,860
967
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุฏ ุดุงู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃุจูˆู‡ุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:13,860 --> 00:20:17,180
971
+ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏูŠุญุทู„ู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏูŠุนุฒู‡ุง ุจุฌูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:17,180 --> 00:20:22,120
975
+ ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:22,120 --> 00:20:25,820
979
+ radiator ุจูŠุญุทุด ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุชู†ุง ุจุชุฎุฑุจ ุงู„ radiator
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:25,820 --> 00:20:31,720
983
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุทุจ ูƒู… ุจุฑุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุŸ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ .. ู„ุฃ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:31,720 --> 00:20:36,940
987
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุŒ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:36,940 --> 00:20:42,760
991
+ ู…ุญุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุฏู‡ู… ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ูุจูŠู„ุฒู…ู‡ู… ูˆูŠู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:46,700
995
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉุŸ ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฑ ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุญุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:46,700 --> 00:20:51,560
999
+ ุชุญุทูˆู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุชุชุจุฎุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:56,130
1003
+ ุชุชุจุฎุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸุงู„ู€ .. ุจูŠุถู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจูŠุถู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ูˆ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:56,130 --> 00:21:01,430
1007
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน .. ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠุฉ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:01,430 --> 00:21:06,050
1011
+ ุจุญุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุถุฑูˆุด
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:06,050 --> 00:21:10,830
1015
+ ุงู„ุจุญุฑุŒ ุจูŠุฑุฌุนูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฎู„ุทูˆู‡ ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุฌุนูˆุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:10,830 --> 00:21:16,090
1019
+ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ุญ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู…ุง ุชุชุฃุซุฑุดุŒ ูˆุงุญู†ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:16,090 --> 00:21:21,350
1023
+ ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุตู ุจุนุฏ ุบุฒุฉ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุทูŠุจ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:22,380 --> 00:21:25,480
1027
+ the form of heat transfer that occurs with
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:31,080
1031
+ infrared heat, a form of electromagnetic wave, is
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:31,080 --> 00:21:36,260
1035
+ called ุฅูŠุดุŸ radiationุŒ ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน infrared ุฃู†ุช
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:36,260 --> 00:21:44,180
1039
+ ุจุชุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ infraredุŸ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ultraviolet ูˆ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:44,180 --> 00:21:48,830
1043
+ infraredุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุญูุธูˆู‡ู…ุŒ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ู… ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ุงู„ู€
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:48,830 --> 00:21:53,230
1047
+ Infrared ุงู„ุชุญุช ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ู€ Ultraviolet ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุจู†ูุณุฌูŠุฉ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:53,230 --> 00:21:58,550
1051
+ ุจู†ูุณู‡ ุฌูŠู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุบุฑุณูˆุง ู…ุนุงูƒู…ุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ is
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:58,550 --> 00:22:03,550
1055
+ form of radiationุŒ ุงู„ู€ metal fins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:03,550 --> 00:22:07,010
1059
+ plates ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ around air
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:07,010 --> 00:22:10,230
1063
+ cooled engine intended to maximize the surface
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:10,230 --> 00:22:14,290
1067
+ area of the hot engine that is in contact with the
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:14,290 --> 00:22:19,190
1071
+ cooler air are designed to act as ุฅูŠุดุŸ heat sink
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:19,190 --> 00:22:23,750
1075
+ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงูƒูˆุง ูŠุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:23,750 --> 00:22:27,550
1079
+ heat sinkุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ heat sink ุฅูŠุด ุจูˆุณุน ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:27,550 --> 00:22:32,190
1083
+ ุจุชุดุจูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจูƒุฑุง ุฏูŠ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุชุฎุตุต ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุนุถ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:32,190 --> 00:22:37,430
1087
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุฎู† ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจู†ุญุทู„ู‡ุง heat sinkุŒ ู‚ุทุนุฉ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:37,430 --> 00:22:42,900
1091
+ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชูˆุณุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุชุจุน ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:42,900 --> 00:22:46,160
1095
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฏู‡ ุญุฏุซ ููŠูƒ ูˆูุชุญ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:46,160 --> 00:22:51,680
1099
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุชุนู…ู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:51,680 --> 00:22:55,600
1103
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ุง
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:55,600 --> 00:23:00,440
1107
+ ุจุชุทู„ู‚ ุจู†ู„ุญู…ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุŒ ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:00,440 --> 00:23:10,590
1111
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุฃุณุฑุนุŒ heat sink heat heat exchanger ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:10,590 --> 00:23:18,190
1115
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุง heat sink ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ act as bothุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:18,190 --> 00:23:22,210
1119
+ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…ุŒ take dense internal walls
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:22,210 --> 00:23:25,150
1123
+ inside an energy efficient house which are
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:25,150 --> 00:23:28,530
1127
+ intended to absorb heat energy during the day and
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:28,530 --> 00:23:32,470
1131
+ store some of it to be emitted at night, function
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:32,470 --> 00:23:40,910
1135
+ as ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ heat exchanger ุงู„ุฃุตู„ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:40,910 --> 00:23:45,490
1139
+ ุจุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑุŒ ูˆ ุจุทู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ุทู„ุนูˆุง
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:45,490 --> 00:23:50,270
1143
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุชุŒ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุฏู‡ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒู… ู„ุงุญุธ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:50,270 --> 00:23:54,870
1147
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธุŸ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุฃุณุฃู„ ุฃุฎุชูŠ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:54,870 --> 00:23:59,070
1151
+ ุฃุฎุชูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑุŒ ุฃู‚ุนุฏ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:59,070 --> 00:24:07,120
1155
+ ุชุญุช ููŠู‡ ุดุฌุฑุฉุŒ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุชุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุจุชู…ุชุต ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:07,120 --> 00:24:11,960
1159
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจุชู…ุชุต ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุทู„ู‚
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:11,960 --> 00:24:16,320
1163
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ .. ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุจูŠุช
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:21,060
1167
+ ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู„ู€ .. ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงุŒ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:21,060 --> 00:24:25,040
1171
+ ุจุชุตู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุงูŠู…ุŒ ุจุณ ุชุทู„ุน ุจุฑุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุฃุจุฑุฏ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:30,920
1175
+ ู…ู† ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠู…ุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ heat
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:36,460
1179
+ sink ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ุฅุดุนุงุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:36,460 --> 00:24:41,310
1183
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ heat sinkุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ engineering term ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ุทูŠุจ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:41,310 --> 00:24:45,470
1187
+ the soil and rocks on the surface of air remain
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:45,470 --> 00:24:48,590
1191
+ warm at night and summer due to the principle of
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:48,590 --> 00:24:53,330
1195
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ thermal inertia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุงุฏ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:53,330 --> 00:24:58,330
1199
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุถู„ู‡ุง ุชู…ุชุต ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎููŠู ุฌุฏุง ููŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:58,330 --> 00:25:06,990
1203
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ูˆู„ูˆ ุฅู† ู‡ุงุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฎุฑุจุทุฉ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:06,990 --> 00:25:14,300
1207
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุทูŠู‡ุง CุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:14,300 --> 00:25:20,340
1211
+ ุญุทูŠู‡ุง E ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู€ heat ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ plate ุดุบู„ุชู‡ุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:20,340 --> 00:25:24,120
1215
+ ุฅูŠุด act as a heat sinkุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:24,120 --> 00:25:33,240
1219
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุŒ ุทูŠุจ circle the correct words ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:33,240 --> 00:25:36,600
1223
+ ู‡ู†ุง condensing boilers are becoming increasingly
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:43,810
1227
+ popular in home ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 40% ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:43,810 --> 00:25:45,050
1231
+ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:45,050 --> 00:25:45,610
1235
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:45,610 --> 00:25:48,430
1239
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:48,430 --> 00:25:50,170
1243
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:50,170 --> 00:25:51,810
1247
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:51,810 --> 00:25:51,910
1251
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:51,910 --> 00:25:55,530
1255
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:25:55,530 --> 00:25:59,530
1259
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:25:59,530 --> 00:26:04,830
1263
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:04,830 --> 00:26:13,840
1267
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ุบุงุฒุŸ ุงู„ู€ process
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:13,840 --> 00:26:20,280
1271
+ endothermic ูˆู„ุง exothermicุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:20,280 --> 00:26:26,120
1275
+ endothermic ุจุชุงุฎุฏุŒ exothermic ุจุชุทู„ุนุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุนู‡ุงุŒ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:26,120 --> 00:26:30,510
1279
+ this mean heat is observed ูˆู„ุง emittedุŸ emitted
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:30,510 --> 00:26:34,350
1283
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน and can thus be circulated ูˆู„ุง
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:34,350 --> 00:26:38,310
1287
+ conducted circulated by the water inside the
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:38,310 --> 00:26:42,630
1291
+ radiator in the home, a condensing boiler per
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:42,630 --> 00:26:49,150
1295
+ natural gas to ู„ุฃู† hydrocarbon fuel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:49,150 --> 00:26:52,650
1299
+ natural gas ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง to heat or
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:52,650 --> 00:26:56,290
1303
+ cool water, heat water just like a conventional
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:56,290 --> 00:26:59,330
1307
+ boiler, however it achieve greater efficiency by
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:59,330 --> 00:27:03,830
1311
+ recovering energy from water vaporุŒ ูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:03,830 --> 00:27:08,830
1315
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุงู„ูŠุง ุจุฏุช ุชู†ุชุดุฑ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุณุฎูŠู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:08,830 --> 00:27:14,900
1319
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชู… ุนุจุฑ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ .. ูŠุง .. ูŠุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:14,900 --> 00:27:20,060
1323
+ ุงู„ุณุฎุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุณุฎุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ููŠ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:20,060 --> 00:27:27,680
1327
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุตุงุฑุช ุณุฎุงู†ุงุช ุบุงุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆ safe ูˆ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ูˆ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:27,680 --> 00:27:32,240
1331
+ ุจุชุญุณุด ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ ู†ูุณ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:32,240 --> 00:27:38,660
1335
+ ุงู„ู…ูุนูˆู„ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู€ .. ูู€ .. ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:38,660 --> 00:27:43,250
1339
+ .. ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:43,250 --> 00:27:49,170
1343
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู„ุดุชุงุก ุญู„ .. ุญู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:49,170 --> 00:27:57,610
1347
+ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ููˆุถุน ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ุทูŠุจ this is a .. this is a
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:57,610 --> 00:28:00,990
1351
+ present in the hot waste gas that produced when
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:00,990 --> 00:28:04,410
1355
+ natural gas is burned in a traditional boilerุŒ ุฏู‡
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:04,410 --> 00:28:08,430
1359
+ heat ูˆู„ุง ุฏู‡ temperature energyุŸ ู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชู„ุงุญุธ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:08,430 --> 00:28:14,090
1363
+ energy ุจุฑูˆุญ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ heat from the gas which is
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:14,090 --> 00:28:20,550
1367
+ at 180 degree ู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุจุฑูˆุญ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุญุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:20,550 --> 00:28:26,280
1371
+ degrees CelsiusุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ temperatureุŒ 180 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:26,280 --> 00:28:33,060
1375
+ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุทู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุทู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ู…ุญุทู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:33,060 --> 00:28:39,440
1379
+ ู‡ู†ุง By conduction ูˆู„ุง convectionุŸ convection and
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:43,260
1383
+ the water vapor within it would condense in the
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:43,260 --> 00:28:48,190
1387
+ outside air but a condensing boiler boiler the hot
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:48,190 --> 00:28:52,330
1391
+ gas passes through a heat or temperature exchanger
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:52,330 --> 00:28:56,370
1395
+ ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ heat exchangerุŒ this
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:56,370 --> 00:29:00,350
1399
+ allow heat from the gas to be observed ูˆู„ุง omitted
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:00,350 --> 00:29:05,370
1403
+ by cool waterุŒ observe ู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููŠู‡ cool water
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:05,370 --> 00:29:10,360
1407
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงูุฐุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ู…ู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:10,360 --> 00:29:16,720
1411
+ ุงู„ู†ุงูุฐุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:16,720 --> 00:29:17,440
1415
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:19,240
1419
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:19,240 --> 00:29:19,860
1423
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:19,860 --> 00:29:21,560
1427
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:21,560 --> 00:29:29,960
1431
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:34,240
1435
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:34,240 --> 00:29:41,260
1439
+ ุงู„ู‡ู€ Solidify ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉุŒ Condensed ุจุฏูŠ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:41,260 --> 00:29:46,300
1443
+ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ ูˆ Vapor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุŒ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญุด ู…ู†
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:46,300 --> 00:29:54,580
1447
+ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู„ู„ุตู„ุจุŒ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ู„ุณุงุฆู„ุŒ and it is
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:54,580 --> 00:29:57,920
1451
+ the process that enables significant amount of
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:57,920 --> 00:30:00,480
1455
+ heat to be transferred due to the principle of
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:00,480 --> 00:30:02,580
1459
+ latent heat
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/KGbm6t1qbLk_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1480 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,700 --> 00:00:27,460
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุบุทูŠุฉ 2 ู‚ุตุฉ ู‚ุตุฉ 36 ุชุชูƒู„ู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:27,460 --> 00:00:37,280
7
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ูˆุชู…ุจุฑุงุชูˆุฑ ู†ุงุฑ ูˆุชู…ุจุฑุงุชูˆุฑ ู†ุญู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:37,280 --> 00:00:43,340
11
+ ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชู…ุจุฑุงุชูˆุฑ ูˆุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู†ุงุฑ ุชุชุบุทู‰
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:46,420 --> 00:00:50,660
15
+ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูˆุงู„ุธู„ุงู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ู†
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:50,660 --> 00:00:59,100
19
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูŠุชู… ุชู‚ูŠู…ู‡ ููŠ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู† .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:59,100 --> 00:01:12,120
23
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ..
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:01:12,120 --> 00:01:17,600
27
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰but heat is energy so it is measured in
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:22,900
31
+ joules ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ temperature is measured in ุงูŠุดุŸ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:22,900 --> 00:01:28,320
35
+ degrees Celsius ุงูˆ degrees Fahrenheit ุงูˆ ุงูŠุดุŸ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:28,320 --> 00:01:32,860
39
+ degrees Kelvin ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ measurement ุชุจุนุช ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:32,860 --> 00:01:36,980
43
+ temperature ุงู„ measurement ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ heat in joules
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:36,980 --> 00:01:41,520
47
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ุงู„ุบูŠุงุจ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸูƒู„ ุงู„ุฒุจุงุฆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:49,420
51
+ ุจูŠุจุฏูˆ ู…ุด ูŠูŠุฌูˆุง ุจูŠูŠุฌูˆุง ุจูŠุนุฑููˆุง ุทูŠุจ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:49,420 --> 00:01:54,340
55
+ to calculate the amount of energy needed to raise
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:54,340 --> 00:01:56,140
59
+ the temperature of a substance
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:59,250 --> 00:02:04,530
63
+ to calculate the amount of energy needed to raise
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:02:04,530 --> 00:02:08,070
67
+ the temperature of a substance you need the
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:08,070 --> 00:02:11,330
71
+ specific heat capacity you need to know the mass
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:11,330 --> 00:02:14,990
75
+ of the substance being heated ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุญุณุจ ู‚ุฏ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:14,990 --> 00:02:19,210
79
+ ูŠุงุด energy ู„ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุนุฑู ู‚ุฏ ูŠุงุด ู‚ุฏ ูŠุงุด ุงู„ูˆุฒู†
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:19,210 --> 00:02:24,220
83
+ ุชุจุนุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุฎู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ู…ุนุงู…ู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:24,220 --> 00:02:28,820
87
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนุฑู ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ูู‡ุฐุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:28,820 --> 00:02:32,480
91
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ you need to know the mass of the
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:35,880
95
+ substance being heated and also the specific heat
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:39,540
99
+ capacity in other words the amount of energy in
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:39,540 --> 00:02:42,540
103
+ joules required to raise the temperature of one
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:42,540 --> 00:02:47,080
107
+ kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius ูŠุนู†ูŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:47,960 --> 00:02:52,900
111
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ .. ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:52,900 --> 00:02:57,840
115
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ุฏู‰ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู„ุฃุนู…ู‰ ุงู„ raising
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:57,840 --> 00:03:04,280
119
+ ู„ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ one degree Celsius ู„ูƒู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:04,280 --> 00:03:07,940
123
+ kilogram ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ู‡ู‰
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:07,940 --> 00:03:12,260
127
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ู‰ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ heat ุงู„ required
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:12,260 --> 00:03:17,300
131
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ heat requirement ู„ู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:19,630 --> 00:03:23,770
135
+ what happens when substances changing states
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:23,770 --> 00:03:27,090
139
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ state of the substance ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ three
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:27,090 --> 00:03:32,530
143
+ stages ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงูˆ three states ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูƒู„ ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:32,530 --> 00:03:35,670
147
+ ุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุง ูˆุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ููŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:35,670 --> 00:03:39,810
151
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ will heat energy is needed to make a solid
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:39,810 --> 00:03:45,230
155
+ melt and become a liquid ุงู„ solid melt ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ I
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:45,230 --> 00:03:52,120
159
+ ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ solid melt ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉู…ุงุฏุฉ solid
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:57,240
163
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ุง liquid ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ state ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ it's
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:57,240 --> 00:04:01,340
167
+ also needed to turn liquid into vapor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:01,340 --> 00:04:07,100
171
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุบุงุฒูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุบุงุฒูŠุฉ it
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:07,100 --> 00:04:11,380
175
+ takes energy to make a liquid boil so thatูˆู‡ูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:11,380 --> 00:04:18,640
179
+ ุชุชุจุฎุฑ ูˆุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุบุงุฒ ูู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู‡ุง ุชุจุฎุฑ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:18,640 --> 00:04:26,480
183
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุบุงุฒ That's because melting and evaporation
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:26,480 --> 00:04:32,050
187
+ are endothermic processthat means they take a heat
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:32,050 --> 00:04:35,550
191
+ energy they need to observe heat from a heat
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:35,550 --> 00:04:40,150
195
+ source such as a flame ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:40,150 --> 00:04:48,090
199
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃุจุณุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ู„ู‡ุจ ุฃูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุดุนู„ุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:48,090 --> 00:04:52,900
203
+ ู…ู† ุดุนู„ุฉ ุงู„ flame ู„ู‡ุจ ุฃูˆ ุดุนู„ุฉand it's the opposite
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:52,900 --> 00:05:00,180
207
+ when a substance cools ู„ู…ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:00,180 --> 00:05:07,240
211
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุจุฑูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ as
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:13,870
215
+ gas condense ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฌุงุฒ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจุชูƒุชูto
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:13,870 --> 00:05:18,310
219
+ .. to .. condense ูŠุชูƒุชู to become a liquid or a
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:18,310 --> 00:05:21,470
223
+ liquid solidified to become a solid ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:21,470 --> 00:05:25,810
227
+ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุทูŠุช ุฃูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูˆ ุนุฑุถุชู‡ุง ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุฑูˆุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:25,810 --> 00:05:32,010
231
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุฏ ูˆ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:32,010 --> 00:05:37,590
235
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุฌ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฒูŠุช ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุญูˆู„
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:37,590 --> 00:05:43,110
239
+ ู„ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงุฏุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:47,230 --> 00:05:52,050
243
+ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุจู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:52,050 --> 00:05:57,810
247
+ ุตู„ุจุฉุจุฏูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:57,810 --> 00:06:03,750
251
+ ุตู„ุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุบุงุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆุฉ .. ู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุบุงุฒูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:03,750 --> 00:06:08,570
255
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูˆู„ู…ู‘ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:08,570 --> 00:06:12,950
259
+ ุฃุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูƒุณุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุงุฎุฏุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู…ุทุต ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:12,950 --> 00:06:17,310
263
+ emittedุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:17,310 --> 00:06:22,480
267
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุถูˆุก ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸemitting photons
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:22,480 --> 00:06:27,260
271
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ููˆุชูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ element ุงู„ observe ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:27,260 --> 00:06:31,080
275
+ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุถุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุชุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุงูŠุด
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:36,540
279
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ observe ุงูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู…ุทุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ observe
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:36,540 --> 00:06:41,260
283
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุจุชู…ุทุต ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ูุฃุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:41,260 --> 00:06:45,500
287
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฎุฒู†ุŒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง .. ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:45,500 --> 00:06:49,760
291
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ .. ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุชุจุญุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ emitุŒ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:49,760 --> 00:06:55,320
295
+ emit ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุทู„ู‚observe ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูŠู…ุทุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:55,320 --> 00:06:58,620
299
+ ุจู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ while a substance changes states in joules
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:58,620 --> 00:07:04,160
303
+ per kilogram is called late latent heat ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:09,760
307
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง latent heat ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:16,560
311
+ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง latent heat ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:21,190
315
+ ุงู„ heat ุงู„ู…ุชู†ู‚ู„during melting it's called latent
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:21,190 --> 00:07:26,370
319
+ heat of fusion ู„ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ melting ุณู…ู†ุง ุงูŠุด
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:26,370 --> 00:07:33,450
323
+ latent heat of fusion and during vaporizing
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:33,450 --> 00:07:38,610
327
+ it's called latent heat of vaporizationููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:38,610 --> 00:07:44,090
331
+ Latin heat of vaporization ู‡ุฏ ุจุชุญูˆู„ .. ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู„ุบุงุฒ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:44,090 --> 00:07:51,450
335
+ Latin heat of fusion ู‡ุฏ ูู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:51,450 --> 00:07:56,270
339
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ุงูŠ two terms ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:56,270 --> 00:08:00,330
343
+ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ูƒู„ู‡ูŠุชู‡ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:02,760 --> 00:08:05,940
347
+ ุงู„ู€ heat transfer to help understand the transfer
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:05,940 --> 00:08:10,760
351
+ homes provide everyday examples ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:10,760 --> 00:08:16,420
355
+ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู„ูƒูŠู ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ heating system
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:16,420 --> 00:08:21,620
359
+ in homes often have electric convector heaters
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:21,620 --> 00:08:26,160
363
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ู†ุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุนุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:26,160 --> 00:08:32,510
367
+ ู…ุง ู…ุนุชุฏู„ ูููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:32,510 --> 00:08:36,490
371
+ ุฃูˆ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ู„ู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠู„ ุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:36,490 --> 00:08:40,810
375
+ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ air conditioning ุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุจุณ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:40,810 --> 00:08:46,900
379
+ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ู„ุณุงุชู‡ุง ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุจุณ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:46,900 --> 00:08:50,700
383
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ุง ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ techniques ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:50,700 --> 00:08:55,880
387
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ these heat .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ electric .. ุงู„
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:55,880 --> 00:08:58,280
391
+ heating system in homes often have electric
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:58,280 --> 00:09:02,660
395
+ convectors .. heaters these heat .. heat the air
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:02,660 --> 00:09:05,660
399
+ and make it circulate ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ air condition ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:05,660 --> 00:09:10,420
403
+ ุจุชุณูˆูŠ .. ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌูˆ ุจุงุฑุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุชุณุฎู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:10,420 --> 00:09:14,560
407
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:14,560 --> 00:09:18,610
411
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุชู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุณุฎูŠู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:18,610 --> 00:09:21,950
415
+ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุญุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‰
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:21,950 --> 00:09:26,030
419
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ุจุชุนูŠุฏ ุชุณุฎูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงูˆ ูุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:26,030 --> 00:09:29,970
423
+ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุจุชุจุฑุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆ ุชุฏูุน ุจุฑุง ูˆ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:29,970 --> 00:09:38,260
427
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุตุฎูˆู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุจุฑุฏูˆุงูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:38,260 --> 00:09:44,080
431
+ ุฃูˆู„ุง ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:45,100
435
+ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู…
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:45,100 --> 00:09:45,100
439
+ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:45,100 --> 00:09:45,260
443
+ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู…
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:45,260 --> 00:09:46,560
447
+ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:46,560 --> 00:09:46,820
451
+ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู…
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:46,820 --> 00:09:51,460
455
+ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุซู…
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:51,460 --> 00:09:56,780
459
+ ุชุชุญุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุณุฎู† ูˆ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:56,780 --> 00:10:01,580
463
+ ุจุนูƒุณ ูˆ ุฃุถุนู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุทู„ู‚ู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ circle
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:01,580 --> 00:10:05,080
467
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:05,080 --> 00:10:10,790
471
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุณุฎู† ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุฑุฌุนู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:10,790 --> 00:10:16,790
475
+ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏ ูˆ ุจุณุฎู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจุฑุฌุนู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:16,790 --> 00:10:20,730
479
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุณุฎู† ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงูˆ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:20,730 --> 00:10:26,450
483
+ ู„ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ this is called convection where
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:26,450 --> 00:10:30,390
487
+ warm gas or liquid moves around and dissipate heat
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:30,390 --> 00:10:35,130
491
+ transferring it to the rest of the gas or the
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:35,130 --> 00:10:38,890
495
+ liquid ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ููŠ ุทุฑู‚ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:39,970 --> 00:10:44,770
499
+ ุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ูŠู‡ ุชุดูˆูู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŒ ุญุฏุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:44,770 --> 00:10:50,410
503
+ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุดุงูู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุด
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:50,410 --> 00:10:57,070
507
+ .. ุงู„ุฌุฑุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุดุจูˆูƒุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑู† ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:57,070 --> 00:11:01,010
511
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุญุช ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฎุทุŒ ุงู„ุฎุท
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:01,010 --> 00:11:06,820
515
+ ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุนู‡ุŸู†ุญุงุณูŠ ุตุญุŸ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุจุฑุงุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฎุท
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:06,820 --> 00:11:12,260
519
+ ู†ุญุงุณ ู‡ุงุฏ ู„ู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉุŒ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุนุณุงุณ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ air
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:12,260 --> 00:11:16,600
523
+ conditioning ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุŸ ุจุชุบูŠุฑู‡ุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:17,340 --> 00:11:20,660
527
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุฌูุงู ูุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:20,660 --> 00:11:23,860
531
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฅูŠุด ุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:23,860 --> 00:11:29,360
535
+ humidifier ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุทู„ู‚ ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุนุดุงู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:29,360 --> 00:11:33,400
539
+ ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุญูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชุฎู„ุต
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:38,510
543
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุนู…ู„ุŸุจุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:38,510 --> 00:11:43,050
547
+ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุฉ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ุด ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุฎู‘ู† ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุนู…ู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:43,050 --> 00:11:47,610
551
+ ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ู†ุญุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจู„ูู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูˆ ุจุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠู‡
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:47,610 --> 00:11:52,330
555
+ ุณุฎู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุณูˆูŠ ู„ู‡ุง circulation ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:52,330 --> 00:11:57,230
559
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชุฃุซุฑุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุจุชุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุด ูุงู†ุช
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:57,230 --> 00:12:02,350
563
+ ุจุชุนูŠุด ุจุจูŠุฆุฉ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:02,350 --> 00:12:06,910
567
+ ุงู„ุงุด .. ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ูˆ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:06,910 --> 00:12:10,170
571
+ ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:14,620
575
+ Alternatively, the heating system in a home may
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:14,620 --> 00:12:17,880
579
+ circulate hot water through a radiator. ู‡ุฐู‡
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:17,880 --> 00:12:22,420
583
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง The radiators act as a heat exchanger
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:22,420 --> 00:12:28,060
587
+ devices that transfer heat in this case from the
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:28,060 --> 00:12:34,500
591
+ hot water inside to the cooler air outside ุงู„ุขู†
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:34,500 --> 00:12:38,570
595
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุชุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:38,570 --> 00:12:41,730
599
+ motor ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฌูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุŸ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:41,730 --> 00:12:44,970
603
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุชู‡ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:44,970 --> 00:12:48,230
607
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุชู†ุญุฑู‚ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู„ุจุณุฉ ุจุชุฌูŠ ุชุชุฎุจู‰ ุชุญุช
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:48,230 --> 00:12:54,940
611
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ุจุชุฌูŠ ุชุชุฎุจู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฎููŠุฑุฉุงู„ุขู†
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:54,940 --> 00:13:00,860
615
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ููŠู‡ุง cooling system ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ cooling
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:00,860 --> 00:13:03,600
619
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู…ุฑุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:07,520
623
+ radiator ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจุชู„ู ุนู„ู‰
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:07,520 --> 00:13:12,740
627
+ ู‚ู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ููŠ ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ุจุช .. ุจุช .. ุจุช ..
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:12,740 --> 00:13:15,880
631
+ ุจุช .. ุจุชุจุช ู‡ูˆุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงู‡ุง ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ู
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:15,880 --> 00:13:19,800
635
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ููŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง heat sinks ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ heat sinksุŸ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:20,010 --> 00:13:26,130
639
+ ุญุงุฌุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุนู‡ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:26,130 --> 00:13:30,890
643
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠุญ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:30,890 --> 00:13:34,450
647
+ ู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชุณูˆูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุชุจุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠุญ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:34,450 --> 00:13:39,490
651
+ ูุจุชุจุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ูุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:39,490 --> 00:13:44,650
655
+ ุชุจุน ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:44,650 --> 00:13:51,030
659
+ ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆุถุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ู‡ุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ู…ู† ู†ุดุทุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:51,030 --> 00:13:58,290
663
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:58,290 --> 00:14:01,110
667
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ูŠุฏ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:01,110 --> 00:14:02,610
671
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู†
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:02,610 --> 00:14:06,110
675
+ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:06,110 --> 00:14:11,680
679
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุตู„ูŠุฏุงู„ุงู† ุดูุช ุงูŠุด ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุงุชุŸ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:11,680 --> 00:14:16,000
683
+ ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏุงูŠุงุช ุชุจุน ุงู„ radiator ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠุญ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:21,020
687
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน .. ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน .. ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ุจุชุณุฑุน
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:21,020 --> 00:14:26,700
691
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ heat ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:26,700 --> 00:14:31,760
695
+ heat is dissipated by convection ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:35,100
699
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงthe third wave that heat is
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:35,100 --> 00:14:39,300
703
+ transferred by radiation this is heat that travel
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:39,300 --> 00:14:43,520
707
+ as electromagnetic wave ุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ radiation ุฅูŠุด
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:49,960
711
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุงุŸุงู„ุดุงุนุฑุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ radiator ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:49,960 --> 00:14:53,820
715
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ radiation ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุนุจุฑ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:53,820 --> 00:14:57,680
719
+ electromagnetic waves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:57,680 --> 00:15:00,380
723
+ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู‡ุง this is heat that travels as
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:00,380 --> 00:15:03,440
727
+ electromagnetic wave and example is heat from the
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:03,440 --> 00:15:08,120
731
+ sunุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุฌูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุจุชุฌูŠ ุนุจุฑ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:08,120 --> 00:15:11,340
735
+ electromagnetic waves ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ photons
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:11,340 --> 00:15:15,320
739
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุตู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ So that the radiators
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:15,320 --> 00:15:19,620
743
+ that circulate water have a misleading name as
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:19,620 --> 00:15:23,880
747
+ they don't really function as radiation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณู…
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:31,000
751
+ ุงู„ radiator ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉุงู„ุงู† ู†ุฌูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:35,420
755
+ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ example ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:35,420 --> 00:15:40,500
759
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุงู† ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง when temperature of ice is
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:40,500 --> 00:15:47,440
763
+ zero degree it changes ุงูŠุด state it is to water
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:47,440 --> 00:15:54,460
767
+ melts to water ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ูŠุฉ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:54,460 --> 00:15:59,200
771
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุฌ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ูŠุฉ at one hundred degree water
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:00,790 --> 00:16:08,670
775
+ boil ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆู„ู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุจุฎุฑ ุฃูˆ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:08,670 --> 00:16:15,930
779
+ ุจูŠุบู„ูŠ ูˆุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ state when water is ุฅูŠุด to zero
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:15,930 --> 00:16:23,730
783
+ degree or below it become ice when water cools to
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:23,730 --> 00:16:29,050
787
+ zero degree or below and ุฅูŠุด to become ice
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:31,490 --> 00:16:36,610
791
+ solidify ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ solidifyุŸ ุชุชุฌู…ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุชุชุฌู…ุฏ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:36,610 --> 00:16:44,930
795
+ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุชู„ุฌ it freezes in gas form water is
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:44,930 --> 00:16:56,390
799
+ called steam ุงูˆ vapor ุงูˆ water vapor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุงุจู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:56,390 --> 00:17:01,450
803
+ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ steam ุงู„ steam ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑ ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:01,450 --> 00:17:06,510
807
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุชุฎุตุงุช
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:06,510 --> 00:17:11,130
811
+ ุชูˆุตู„ูƒูˆุง ู„ูˆ ุชุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:11,130 --> 00:17:17,040
815
+ ููŠู‡ ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ู…ูˆู„ุฏูˆู„ุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนุงู…ุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:17,040 --> 00:17:25,980
819
+ ุณูุฑ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ูˆู„ุฏุงุช ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุด ุฃุฑุจุน ุณุชุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:25,980 --> 00:17:31,300
823
+ ุงู„ุฃู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆูƒู„ two
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:31,300 --> 00:17:34,580
827
+ units ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ one unit ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู„ู‰ steam
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:34,580 --> 00:17:39,740
831
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุจุฑุฏูˆุง ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู‡ูŠุจุฏู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:39,740 --> 00:17:42,920
835
+ ูุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุฅุฐุง ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู…ุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:42,920 --> 00:17:49,460
839
+ ุงู„ุจุญุฑุนู‚ุจุงู„ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ ุงูŠุด ููŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:49,460 --> 00:17:53,060
843
+ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูŠ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฏูˆู‡ุง
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:53,060 --> 00:17:57,420
847
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจุฑุฏูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุชูˆุฑุจูŠู†ุงุช ุจุชุจุนุช
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:57,420 --> 00:18:03,080
851
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ steam
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:07,760
855
+ ุงู„ steam ู‡ุงุช ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ู„ูŠูˆู„ุฏูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:07,760 --> 00:18:12,820
859
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุงุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ combined cycleุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:12,820 --> 00:18:18,160
863
+ ูู„ูƒู„ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ููŠู‡ unit ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:22,760
867
+ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:22,760 --> 00:18:27,240
871
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑ ูุนู†ุง ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุณุชุฉ units ุงู„ู„ูŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:27,240 --> 00:18:34,460
875
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุทูŠุจ between one hundred
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:34,460 --> 00:18:37,860
879
+ degree Celsius and three hundred seventy four
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:37,860 --> 00:18:43,940
883
+ degree water is ุงูŠุดุŸa vapor because it's below it
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:43,940 --> 00:18:50,540
887
+ .. it's .. ุงูŠุด .. temperature below ุงูŠุด ..
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:50,540 --> 00:18:54,480
891
+ critical .. it's a critical temperature ุงู„
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:54,480 --> 00:18:58,240
895
+ critical temperature ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠุด ุจุนุฏู‡ุง superheated
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:58,240 --> 00:19:06,020
899
+ superheated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชูˆุตู„ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู†ู‡ ุงุชุนุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:06,020 --> 00:19:12,130
903
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ extremely hot water vapor is calledsuperheated
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:12,130 --> 00:19:21,890
907
+ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:21,890 --> 00:19:25,050
911
+ ุจุฏู†ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:25,050 --> 00:19:34,030
915
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ matching between a liquid pumped onto a
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:34,030 --> 00:19:37,450
919
+ work piece that is being machined to stop it
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:37,450 --> 00:19:43,040
923
+ overheating is called ุงูŠุดุŸcolant ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:43,040 --> 00:19:48,860
927
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ ..
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:48,860 --> 00:19:50,300
931
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:50,300 --> 00:19:50,880
935
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:50,880 --> 00:19:51,700
939
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:51,700 --> 00:19:54,940
943
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:54,940 --> 00:19:55,440
947
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:56,740
951
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:56,740 --> 00:19:57,000
955
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:57,000 --> 00:19:57,280
959
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:57,280 --> 00:19:57,280
963
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:57,280 --> 00:19:57,280
967
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:57,280 --> 00:20:02,740
971
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:02,740 --> 00:20:06,880
975
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:11,020 --> 00:20:13,860
979
+ ุจุจู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุฏ ุดุงู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃุจูˆู‡ุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:13,860 --> 00:20:17,180
983
+ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏูŠุญุทู„ู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏูŠุนุฒู‡ุง ุจุฌูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:17,180 --> 00:20:22,120
987
+ ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:22,120 --> 00:20:25,820
991
+ radiator ุจูŠุญุทุด ู…ูŠู‡ ู„ุฅู† ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ูŠุชู†ุง ุจุชุฎุฑุจ ุงู„ radiator
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:25,820 --> 00:20:31,720
995
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุทุจ ูƒู… ุจุฑุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุฉุŸ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ ..ู„ุฃ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:31,720 --> 00:20:36,940
999
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุŒ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:36,940 --> 00:20:42,760
1003
+ ู…ุญุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุฏู‡ู… ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู…ูŠู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูุจูŠู„ุฒู…ู‡ู… ูˆูŠู†
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:46,700
1007
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉุŸ ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฑ ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุญุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:46,700 --> 00:20:51,560
1011
+ ุชุญุทูˆู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุชุชุจุฎุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:56,130
1015
+ ุชุชุจุฎุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸุงู„ .. ุจูŠุถู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุจูŠุถู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ูˆ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:56,130 --> 00:21:01,430
1019
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุทู„ุน .. ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู‡
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:01,430 --> 00:21:06,050
1023
+ ุจุญุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ูŠู‡ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ูู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุถุฑูˆุด
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:06,050 --> 00:21:10,830
1027
+ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุจูŠุฑุฌุนูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฎู„ุทูˆู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุฌุนูˆุง
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:10,830 --> 00:21:16,090
1031
+ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ู„ุญ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู…ุง ุชุชุฃุซุฑุด ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:16,090 --> 00:21:21,350
1035
+ ู…ุญุงูุธูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุตู ุจุนุฏ ุบุฒุฉ ููŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:22,380 --> 00:21:25,480
1039
+ the form of heat transfer that occurs with
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:31,080
1043
+ infrared heat a form of electromagnetic wave is
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:31,080 --> 00:21:36,260
1047
+ called ุฅูŠุดุŸ radiation ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน infrared ุฃู†ุช
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:36,260 --> 00:21:44,180
1051
+ ุจุชุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ infraredุŸ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ultraviolet ูˆ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:44,180 --> 00:21:48,830
1055
+ infrared ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุญูุธูˆู‡ู… ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ู… ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุงู„ู€
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:48,830 --> 00:21:53,230
1059
+ Infrared ุงู„ุชุญุช ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุงู„ู€ Ultraviolet ุงู„ูุงู‚ู„
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:53,230 --> 00:21:58,550
1063
+ ุจู†ูุณู‡ ุฌูŠู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุบุฑุณูˆุง ู…ุนุงูƒู… ูู‡ุฐู‡ is
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:58,550 --> 00:22:03,550
1067
+ form of radiation ุงู„ู€ metal fins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:03,550 --> 00:22:07,010
1071
+ plates ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ around air
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:07,010 --> 00:22:10,230
1075
+ cooled engine intended to maximize the surface
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:10,230 --> 00:22:14,290
1079
+ area of the hot engine that is in contact with the
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:14,290 --> 00:22:19,190
1083
+ cooler air are designed to act as ุฅูŠุดุŸheat sink
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:19,190 --> 00:22:23,750
1087
+ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงูƒูˆุง ูŠุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:23,750 --> 00:22:27,550
1091
+ heat sink ูˆ ุงู„ heat sink ุฅูŠุด ุจูˆุณุน ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:27,550 --> 00:22:32,190
1095
+ ุจุชุดุจูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุจูƒุฑุง ุฏูŠ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุชุฎุตุต ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุนุถ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:32,190 --> 00:22:37,430
1099
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุฎู† ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจู†ุญุทู„ู‡ุง heat sink ู‚ุทุนุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:37,430 --> 00:22:42,900
1103
+ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชูˆุณุนุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุชุจุน ุงุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููŠ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:42,900 --> 00:22:46,160
1107
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฏู‡ ุญุฏุซ ููŠูƒ ูˆูุชุญ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:46,160 --> 00:22:51,680
1111
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุชุนู…ู„
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:51,680 --> 00:22:55,600
1115
+ ุงุทู„ุงู‚ ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงู„ู‡ุง
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:55,600 --> 00:23:00,440
1119
+ ุจุชุทู„ู‚ ุจู†ู„ุญู…ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:00,440 --> 00:23:10,590
1123
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุฃุณุฑุน heat sinkheat heat exchanger ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:10,590 --> 00:23:18,190
1127
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุง heat sink ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ act as both ุงู„ุงู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:18,190 --> 00:23:22,210
1131
+ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… take dense internal walls
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:22,210 --> 00:23:25,150
1135
+ inside an energy efficient house which are
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:25,150 --> 00:23:28,530
1139
+ intended to absorb heat energy during the day and
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:28,530 --> 00:23:32,470
1143
+ store some of it to be emitted at night function
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:32,470 --> 00:23:40,910
1147
+ asู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ heat exchanger ุงู„ุฃุตู„ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:40,910 --> 00:23:45,490
1151
+ ุจุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑุŒ ูˆ ุจุทู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ุทู„ุนูˆุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:45,490 --> 00:23:50,270
1155
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุชุŒ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุฏู‡ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒู… ู„ุงุญุธ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:50,270 --> 00:23:54,870
1159
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธุŸ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุŒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุฃุณุฃู„ ุฃุฎุชูŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:54,870 --> 00:23:59,070
1163
+ ุฃุฎุชูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑุŒ ุฃู‚ุนุฏ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:23:59,070 --> 00:24:07,120
1167
+ ุชุญุช ููŠู‡ ุดุฌุฑุฉุŒ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุชุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุจุชู…ุทุตุด ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:07,120 --> 00:24:11,960
1171
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจุชู…ุทุต ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุทู„ู‚
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:11,960 --> 00:24:16,320
1175
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ .. ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุจูŠุช
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:21,060
1179
+ ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง ู…ุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู„ .. ู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงุŒ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:21,060 --> 00:24:25,040
1183
+ ุจุชุตู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุงูŠู…ุŒ ุจุณ ุชุทู„ุน ุจุฑุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุฃุจุฑุฏ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:30,920
1187
+ ู…ู† ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠู…ุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ heat
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:36,460
1191
+ sink ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู„ุฅุดุนุงุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:36,460 --> 00:24:41,310
1195
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ heat sink ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ engineering term ุชุจุนู‡ุงุทูŠุจ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:41,310 --> 00:24:45,470
1199
+ the soil and rocks on the surface of air remain
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:45,470 --> 00:24:48,590
1203
+ warm at night and summer due to the principle of
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:24:48,590 --> 00:24:53,330
1207
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ thermal inertia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุงุฏ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:24:53,330 --> 00:24:58,330
1211
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุถุงู„ู‡ุง ุชู…ุชุต ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎููŠู ุฌุฏุง ููŠ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:24:58,330 --> 00:25:06,990
1215
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ูˆู„ูˆ ุฅู† ู‡ุงุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฎุฑุจุท
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:06,990 --> 00:25:14,300
1219
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ ..ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุทูŠู‡ุง C ุฃุฑุจุน
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:14,300 --> 00:25:20,340
1223
+ ุญุทูŠู‡ุง E ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ heat ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ plate ุดุบู„ุชู‡ุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:20,340 --> 00:25:24,120
1227
+ ุงูŠุด ุงูƒุช as a heat sink ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:24,120 --> 00:25:33,240
1231
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุทูŠุจ circle the correct words ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:33,240 --> 00:25:36,600
1235
+ ู‡ู†ุง condensing boilers are becoming increasingly
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:43,810
1239
+ popular in homeู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 40% ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:43,810 --> 00:25:45,050
1243
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:45,050 --> 00:25:45,610
1247
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:45,610 --> 00:25:48,430
1251
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:48,430 --> 00:25:50,170
1255
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:25:50,170 --> 00:25:51,810
1259
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:25:51,810 --> 00:25:51,810
1263
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:25:51,810 --> 00:25:51,910
1267
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:25:51,910 --> 00:25:51,910
1271
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:25:51,910 --> 00:25:55,530
1275
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:25:55,530 --> 00:25:59,530
1279
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:25:59,530 --> 00:26:04,830
1283
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:04,830 --> 00:26:13,840
1287
+ ุงู„ุชุทูŠุจ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ุบุงุฒุŸ ุงู„ process
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:13,840 --> 00:26:20,280
1291
+ endothermic ูˆู„ุง exothermicุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:20,280 --> 00:26:26,120
1295
+ endothermic ุจุชุงุฎุฏุŒ exothermic ุจุชุทู„ุนุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุนู‡ุงุŒ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:26,120 --> 00:26:30,510
1299
+ this mean heat is observed ูˆู„ุง emittedุŸemitted
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:30,510 --> 00:26:34,350
1303
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน and can thus be circulated ูˆู„ุง
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:34,350 --> 00:26:38,310
1307
+ conducted circulated by the water inside the
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:38,310 --> 00:26:42,630
1311
+ radiator in the home a condensing boiler per
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:26:42,630 --> 00:26:49,150
1315
+ natural gasto ู„ุฃู† hydrocarbon fuel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:26:49,150 --> 00:26:52,650
1319
+ natural gas ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง to heat or
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:26:52,650 --> 00:26:56,290
1323
+ cool water heat water just like a conventional
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:26:56,290 --> 00:26:59,330
1327
+ boiler however it achieve greater efficiency by
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:26:59,330 --> 00:27:03,830
1331
+ recovering energy from water vapor ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:03,830 --> 00:27:08,830
1335
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุงู„ูŠุง ุจุฏุช ุชู†ุชุดุฑ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุณุฎูŠู†
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:08,830 --> 00:27:14,900
1339
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจุชุชู… ุนุจุฑ ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุง .. ูŠุง .. ูŠุง
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:14,900 --> 00:27:20,060
1343
+ ุงู„ุณุฎู†ุงุช ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุณุฎู†ุงุช ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ููŠ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:20,060 --> 00:27:27,680
1347
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุตุงุฑุช ุณุฎู†ุงุช ุบุงุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆ safe ูˆ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ูˆ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:27,680 --> 00:27:32,240
1351
+ ุจุชุญุณูŠุด ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ ู†ูุณ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:32,240 --> 00:27:38,660
1355
+ ุงู„ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู .. ู .. ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:38,660 --> 00:27:43,250
1359
+ ..ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:27:43,250 --> 00:27:49,170
1363
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู„ุดุชุงุก ุญู„ .. ุญู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:27:49,170 --> 00:27:57,610
1367
+ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุญูŠู† ููˆุถุน ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุทูŠุจ this is a .. this is a
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:27:57,610 --> 00:28:00,990
1371
+ present in the hot waste gas that produced when
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:00,990 --> 00:28:04,410
1375
+ natural gas is burned in a traditional boiler ุฏู‡
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:04,410 --> 00:28:08,430
1379
+ heat ูˆู„ุง ุฏู‡ temperature energyุŸู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชู„ุงุญุธ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:08,430 --> 00:28:14,090
1383
+ energy ุจุฑูˆุญ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ heat from the gas which is
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:14,090 --> 00:28:20,550
1387
+ at 180 degree ู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุจุฑูˆุญ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุญุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:20,550 --> 00:28:26,280
1391
+ degrees Celsius ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ temperature180 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:26,280 --> 00:28:33,060
1395
+ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุทู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุทู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ู…ุญุทู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:33,060 --> 00:28:39,440
1399
+ ู‡ู†ุง By conduction ูˆู„ุง convectionุŸ convection and
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:43,260
1403
+ the water vapor within it would condense in the
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:43,260 --> 00:28:48,190
1407
+ outside air but a condensing boilerboiler the hot
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:48,190 --> 00:28:52,330
1411
+ gas passes through a heat or temperature exchanger
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:52,330 --> 00:28:56,370
1415
+ ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ heat exchanger this
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:28:56,370 --> 00:29:00,350
1419
+ allow heat from the gas to be observed ูˆู„ุง omitted
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:00,350 --> 00:29:05,370
1423
+ by cool water observe ู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููŠู‡ cool water
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:05,370 --> 00:29:10,360
1427
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงูุฐุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ู…ู†
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:10,360 --> 00:29:16,720
1431
+ ุงู„ู†ุงูุฐุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:16,720 --> 00:29:17,440
1435
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:19,240
1439
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:19,240 --> 00:29:19,860
1443
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:19,860 --> 00:29:21,560
1447
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:21,560 --> 00:29:29,960
1451
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:34,240
1455
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:34,240 --> 00:29:41,260
1459
+ ุงู„ู‡Solidify ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ Condensed ุจุฏูŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:41,260 --> 00:29:46,300
1463
+ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูˆ Vapor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญุด ู…ู†
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:29:46,300 --> 00:29:54,580
1467
+ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู„ู„ุตู„ุจ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ู„ุณุงุฆู„ and it is
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:29:54,580 --> 00:29:57,920
1471
+ the process that enables significant amount of
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:29:57,920 --> 00:30:00,480
1475
+ heat to be transferred due to the principle of
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:00,480 --> 00:30:02,580
1479
+ latent heat
1480
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/NGIb7lBLSUw_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1060 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,620 --> 00:00:27,320
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:27,320 --> 00:00:32,160
7
+ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 12 ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 12 ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:32,160 --> 00:00:40,800
11
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 12 ุฃูˆู„ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:46,200
15
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู† ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:52,920
19
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูˆุฌูŠู†Carbon Steel ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ู‚ุตุฏู‡
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:59,140
23
+ ุจู€ Carbon SteelุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุฌูˆุฑู†ุงู„
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:59,140 --> 00:01:02,800
27
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:02,800 --> 00:01:02,940
31
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:02,940 --> 00:01:03,320
35
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:03,320 --> 00:01:03,720
39
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:06,240
43
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:12,460
47
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:14,300 --> 00:01:18,540
51
+ ูˆุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุณุชูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:18,540 --> 00:01:23,160
55
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง technically though this well-known alloy
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:27,560
59
+ of iron and carbon is not as simple as one might
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:27,560 --> 00:01:32,600
63
+ think ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู‡ุง steel
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:32,600 --> 00:01:38,700
67
+ comes in a huge range of different grades ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:43,850
71
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉeach with different
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:43,850 --> 00:01:49,110
75
+ characteristics ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ for the
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:49,110 --> 00:01:53,870
79
+ inexperienced it can be difficult to know where to
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:53,870 --> 00:01:58,510
83
+ begin ู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุด ุฎุจุฑุฉ ุตุนุจ ู†ุนุฑู ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:00,010 --> 00:02:05,810
87
+ Carbon steel ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฌูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุน
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:05,810 --> 00:02:08,950
91
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:08,950 --> 00:02:10,750
95
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:10,750 --> 00:02:11,610
99
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:11,610 --> 00:02:12,290
103
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:12,290 --> 00:02:12,670
107
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:12,670 --> 00:02:12,830
111
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:12,830 --> 00:02:13,490
115
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:13,490 --> 00:02:13,990
119
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:13,990 --> 00:02:14,150
123
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:17,190
127
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:17,190 --> 00:02:24,480
131
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:29,140
135
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุณุชูŠู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุนู‹ุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:29,140 --> 00:02:34,660
139
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุงุช ุฎุงู†ุงุช ู„ู€ carbon
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:34,660 --> 00:02:39,040
143
+ steel ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ู‡ุงุŸ mild steel the most widely used
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:39,040 --> 00:02:42,820
147
+ grade is a low carbon steel which contains up to
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:42,820 --> 00:02:47,300
151
+ approximately point three percent of carbon ูŠุนู†ูŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:47,300 --> 00:02:51,890
155
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ mild ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุจุญุชูˆู‰ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:51,890 --> 00:02:57,090
159
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠุฑู† ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:57,090 --> 00:03:01,570
163
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ mild steel medium carbon steel contain
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:01,570 --> 00:03:07,500
167
+ between approximately point three percentto point
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:07,500 --> 00:03:12,540
171
+ six percent carbon ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† point ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ point ูƒุงู…
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:12,540 --> 00:03:16,300
175
+ ุณุชุฉ carbon high carbon steel contain between
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:16,300 --> 00:03:20,300
179
+ approximately point six and one point four percent
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:20,300 --> 00:03:24,920
183
+ carbon ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:24,920 --> 00:03:29,060
187
+ one point four percent carbon ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:29,060 --> 00:03:31,940
191
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง mild
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:34,300 --> 00:03:39,000
195
+ medium carbon steel ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงูŠุด high carbon steel
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:42,980
199
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูˆุง ุงูŠุด carbons and
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:42,980 --> 00:03:46,400
203
+ steel ูˆ ุงู„ carbon ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง very low
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:51,400
207
+ quantities ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:58,080
211
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:58,080 --> 00:04:05,020
215
+ gramู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุฃู„ู ูƒู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:05,020 --> 00:04:12,180
219
+ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 14 gram ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎููŠูุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:12,180 --> 00:04:17,620
223
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:17,620 --> 00:04:22,890
227
+ alloy steels ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญู† ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ steel ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุนู‡it's
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:22,890 --> 00:04:26,930
231
+ an alloy ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ alloy
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:26,930 --> 00:04:30,570
235
+ steel ุงุช ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุด alloy ู„ุฃ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ุจุณ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:30,570 --> 00:04:34,610
239
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:34,610 --> 00:04:40,660
243
+ othermetals ุจู†ุญุทู‡ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุนู‡ุง the
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:40,660 --> 00:04:44,080
247
+ second main category of steel is alloy steels
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:48,540
251
+ which consists of iron carbon and one or more
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:48,540 --> 00:04:53,500
255
+ alloying material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุด ุจู†ุถูŠู ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงูƒุชุฑ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:53,500 --> 00:04:57,980
259
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ material ุงู„ alloying
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:57,980 --> 00:05:02,800
263
+ material ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ specific grade of the alloying
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:03,800
267
+ steel include
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:20,940
271
+ ู…ุด ุตุบูŠุฑ ุทูŠุจ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:20,940 --> 00:05:24,280
275
+ ุงู„ include ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:24,280 --> 00:05:29,780
279
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… low alloy steel which
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:29,780 --> 00:05:38,060
283
+ contains 90%ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ูˆุญุชู‰ 10% ู…ู†
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:38,060 --> 00:05:45,360
287
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงูˆูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠุง ู†ูƒูˆ ู…ุงู†ุฌุงู†ูŠุฒ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:45,360 --> 00:05:47,680
291
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:53,780
295
+ Vanadium ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ู… ููŠู‡ู…
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:53,780 --> 00:05:57,380
299
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ low alloying steel ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:57,380 --> 00:06:04,380
303
+ ุชุณุนูŠู† ูุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ iron ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ alloying materials high
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:04,380 --> 00:06:10,720
307
+ strength low alloying steel which contains smaller
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:15,430
311
+ quantity of the above metalsit's typically less
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:15,430 --> 00:06:19,250
315
+ than two percent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ high
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:19,250 --> 00:06:23,730
319
+ strength low alloying material ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:23,730 --> 00:06:26,890
323
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ stainless steel ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชูƒู…
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:26,890 --> 00:06:32,630
327
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ which contain chromium as well
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:32,630 --> 00:06:36,850
331
+ as other metals such as nickel and which do not
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:36,850 --> 00:06:40,130
335
+ rust ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ stainless steel ุฅูŠุด ู…ุญุตู„ู‡ุŸ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:41,070 --> 00:06:48,430
339
+ ุจุตุฏูŠุด ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ rust ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุฏู‚ tools steals
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:48,430 --> 00:06:52,650
343
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูˆุง ุณูƒุงูƒูŠู† ุงูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:52,650 --> 00:06:59,250
347
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุทุน ููŠู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุญุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑุฏ ุงูˆ ูƒู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:59,250 --> 00:07:03,210
351
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุงุชู ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง tools steal they contain
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:03,210 --> 00:07:07,110
355
+ tungestin and cobalt ุงู„ tungestin ูˆ ุงู„ cobalt
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:07,110 --> 00:07:12,360
359
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ tough material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุฏุฉOkay a widely used
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:17,340
363
+ grade of tools steel is high-speed steel which is
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:17,340 --> 00:07:20,180
367
+ used in cutting tools that operate at a high
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:20,180 --> 00:07:23,740
371
+ temperature such as drill bits ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ drill
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:23,740 --> 00:07:31,340
375
+ bitsุŸ ู„ุฃ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุฑูŠุด ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุญุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:31,340 --> 00:07:35,950
379
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ drillbits ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ู…ุด ุงูƒุชุฑ ุฎุจุฑุชูƒู…
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:35,950 --> 00:07:41,270
383
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:41,270 --> 00:07:44,690
387
+ ูุงู„ุงู†
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:44,690 --> 00:07:48,210
391
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ูุนู†ุง ูƒุงู… ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:48,210 --> 00:07:57,570
395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ alloy steel ุงุฑุจุน ู†ูˆุน ุงูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง low alloy
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:02,120 --> 00:08:07,880
399
+ Stainless Steel ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ Tools Steel ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:07,880 --> 00:08:11,760
403
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ Corrosion ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ CorrosionุŸ ู‡ูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:20,020
407
+ ุงู„ Oxidization ุฃูˆ ุงู„ Oxide ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Rust ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:20,020 --> 00:08:26,180
411
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:26,180 --> 00:08:34,220
415
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุขูƒู„ ู‡ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุฉูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูู‡ู†ุง one
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:34,220 --> 00:08:39,060
419
+ weakness of mild steel is that it corrodes its
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:39,060 --> 00:08:43,320
423
+ surface progressively deteriorates due to a
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:48,520
427
+ chemical reaction ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ deterioratesุŸ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:48,520 --> 00:08:54,520
431
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ corrodes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุฃูƒู„ุงู„ุงู† due to
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:54,520 --> 00:08:58,660
435
+ rates ุชุดูˆููˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูุณ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:58,660 --> 00:09:03,680
439
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ due to rates ู„ู…ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:03,680 --> 00:09:08,740
443
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุชุดูˆู‡ ุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุชุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ุจุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:08,740 --> 00:09:13,880
447
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง due to rate ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:13,880 --> 00:09:16,960
451
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุดูŠ ุชุฑุงุฌุน ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง due to rates
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:24,420
455
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:24,420 --> 00:09:31,240
459
+ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุนุตูŠุฏ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:33,020
463
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:33,020 --> 00:09:33,060
467
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:33,060 --> 00:09:38,640
471
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:38,660
475
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:38,660 --> 00:09:42,480
479
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุน
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:51,460
483
+ ูˆ ุงู„ oxidized ูˆ ุงู„ what ูˆ ุงู„ corrodes ู‡ู… ููŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:51,460 --> 00:09:56,420
487
+ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุตุฏู‚ุฉ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:00,110 --> 00:10:04,650
491
+ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูŠุซุงู„ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:04,650 --> 00:10:09,410
495
+ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุซุงู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:09,410 --> 00:10:15,870
499
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุตุนุจุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฅุชุตุงู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:15,870 --> 00:10:22,490
503
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฅูŠุด ุจุญุตู„ุŸ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุตุฏุฃ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุตุฏุฃ ููŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:22,490 --> 00:10:27,590
507
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุงูƒู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุฌุนุงู„ุฃู„ู…ูˆู†ุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:27,590 --> 00:10:31,170
511
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุจุชุถุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ hard ูุงู„ hardness ู‡ุฐู‡
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:31,170 --> 00:10:36,790
515
+ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุตุถูŠ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุตุถูŠุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:36,790 --> 00:10:40,890
519
+ ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู† ุจุชู…ุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุขูƒู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:40,890 --> 00:10:46,510
523
+ however when mild steel goes rusty the rust on the
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:46,510 --> 00:10:51,370
527
+ surface comes off .. comes off ุงูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:51,370 --> 00:10:58,190
531
+ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุจุชุฌุดุฑุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณู‚ุท ูŠุชุณุงู‚ุท ูŠุชุณุงู‚ุท ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒุดูŠุฑ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:58,190 --> 00:11:02,950
535
+ continuously and a new rusty layer forms
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:02,950 --> 00:11:09,030
539
+ progressively eating into the metal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุฃูƒู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:12,870
543
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุชุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ููŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:12,870 --> 00:11:17,230
547
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุฌูˆ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ rust ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:17,230 --> 00:11:21,590
551
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูŠุฌุนุจ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:21,590 --> 00:11:29,770
555
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸุจุชุงูƒู„ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† decide whether
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:29,770 --> 00:11:34,030
559
+ the sentences below are true or false and correct
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:34,030 --> 00:11:38,570
563
+ the false sentences steel is an alloy of iron and
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:38,570 --> 00:11:42,930
567
+ carbon true
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:42,930 --> 00:11:47,790
571
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุงู„ steel ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:47,790 --> 00:11:53,770
575
+ ู‡ูˆ alloyู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:53,770 --> 00:11:57,250
579
+ ู‡ูˆ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:57,250 --> 00:11:57,510
583
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:57,510 --> 00:11:57,690
587
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:57,690 --> 00:11:57,710
591
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:57,710 --> 00:11:58,050
595
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:58,050 --> 00:11:58,510
599
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:58,510 --> 00:11:59,610
603
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:59,610 --> 00:12:01,330
607
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:01,330 --> 00:12:01,730
611
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:01,730 --> 00:12:03,090
615
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:03,090 --> 00:12:12,330
619
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆู‡ูˆู‡ูˆู‡ูˆู‡
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:15,660 --> 00:12:20,340
623
+ chromium and nickel are used as alloying metal in
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:20,340 --> 00:12:26,220
627
+ steel ู…ุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ูƒุจุดุฉ alloying
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:26,220 --> 00:12:30,840
631
+ materialุŒ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ low alloy
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:36,200
635
+ steel contain more chromium than ironุŒ false ููŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:36,200 --> 00:12:40,560
639
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ steel ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ iron
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:42,360 --> 00:12:47,820
643
+ ุงู„ู€ stainless steel is an alloy steel true ุงุญู†ุง
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:47,820 --> 00:12:52,040
647
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุชุจุนู†ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ alloy
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:57,240
651
+ alloying steel ุฃูˆ alloy steels tungsten is added
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:03,580
655
+ to steel to make it softer false ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ harder
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:03,580 --> 00:13:09,120
659
+ ู…ุด softerhigh speed steel is suitable for making
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:16,720
663
+ cutting tools that get very hot ุงุญู†ุง
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:22,320
667
+ ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ true ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูˆ tools ู†ูุณ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:27,720
671
+ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงูŠุด cutting tools get very hot ูุจุฏูƒ ุงูŠุด ุงูุถู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:31,240
675
+ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ high speed steel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:40,590
679
+ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ tools steelู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:40,590 --> 00:13:44,430
683
+ ุงู„ุงู† complete ุงู„ table ุงู„ table ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุจู†ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„ู‡
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:44,430 --> 00:13:49,250
687
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ corroded ุงู„ adjective ุงู„ noun ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ?
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:51,810 --> 00:14:00,670
691
+ corrosion ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ verb? corrode ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทูŠุจ ุงู„
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:00,670 --> 00:14:02,310
695
+ oxidized
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:04,730 --> 00:14:10,890
699
+ oxide ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ noun oxide ุตุญ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:10,890 --> 00:14:18,670
703
+ carbon oxide ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ noun oxide ุทูŠุจ ุงู„
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:18,670 --> 00:14:26,410
707
+ verb oxidize ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง go rusty ุงูŠุด ุงู„ verb ู…ู…ูƒู†
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:26,410 --> 00:14:36,110
711
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ุงู† rust ุงู„ nounrust ุงู„ adjective rusty ุทุจ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:36,110 --> 00:14:40,170
715
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ู†ุนุจูŠู‡ู… when steel is exposed to
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:40,170 --> 00:14:45,450
719
+ air and water it oxidize
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:45,450 --> 00:14:52,070
723
+ ุงูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ rust ุงูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ corrodes ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุฌูˆุฒุฉ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:52,070 --> 00:14:57,470
727
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:57,470 --> 00:15:03,810
731
+ ุชุญุทูŠู‡ ES ุงูˆ SุทูŠุจ a brown red material on the
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:03,810 --> 00:15:10,110
735
+ surface of steel is called corrosion ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ rust
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:10,110 --> 00:15:15,190
739
+ and oxide ุทูŠุจ the strength of steel is reduced if
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:15,190 --> 00:15:20,210
743
+ it is ู†ุญุท ุงู„ adjective ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ adjectiveุŸ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:20,210 --> 00:15:28,550
747
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† oxidized ุฃูˆ rusty ุฃูˆ corroded
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:35,920
751
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุจุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง complete the article about
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:35,920 --> 00:15:40,160
755
+ a special type of steel the perennial problem with
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:44,440
759
+ mild .. ุฅูŠุด
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:44,440 --> 00:15:50,480
763
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ perennial problemุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŸ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:57,060
767
+ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฒุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ with mildsteel
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:57,060 --> 00:16:02,580
771
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท is ุฅุชู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด when exposed air and water ุฅูŠุด
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:02,580 --> 00:16:12,020
775
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง it rusts or it corrodes or it oxidize ุทูŠุจ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:12,020 --> 00:16:15,920
779
+ generally the only solution is either to apply a
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:21,660
783
+ protective coating to use or to use another edge
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:21,660 --> 00:16:26,920
787
+ of the steelุฃูŠูˆุฉ another grades ุงู„ grades ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:30,400
791
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ type ุฃูˆ variations
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:35,300
795
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:41,600
799
+ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุณุงูƒู†ูŠู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู„ู„ุจุญุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุฅูŠุด
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:45,120
803
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒูˆุง ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:46,690 --> 00:16:51,310
807
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูู„ุงุฒู… ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู„ู‡ ูŠุง ุฃู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฏู‡ู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:51,310 --> 00:16:57,090
811
+ ุฏุงุฆู… ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠุจูŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู‚ู„ุจุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ุจุฉ ุงูŠุด
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:57,090 --> 00:17:05,430
815
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุญุท ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ stainless steel ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:05,430 --> 00:17:11,830
819
+ ู‡ู†ุง used ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง another grade of steel that is
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:11,830 --> 00:17:19,660
823
+ resistant toto the rusting process ุงูˆ to corrosion
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:19,660 --> 00:17:25,820
827
+ process ุงูˆ to oxidize process the most well-known
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:25,820 --> 00:17:30,880
831
+ being ุงูŠุด steelุŸ stainless steel ู…ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:34,100
835
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง stainless steel which contains
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:38,220
839
+ significant quantity of ุงูŠุดุŸ and often nickel
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:38,220 --> 00:17:45,590
843
+ chromium ู…ุธุจูˆุทุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ alloy ุชุจุน ูƒุฑูˆู…
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:45,590 --> 00:17:49,690
847
+ ูˆ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู†ูŠูƒู„ there is however an alternative
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:49,690 --> 00:17:56,610
851
+ solution so-called weathering needs weathering
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:56,610 --> 00:18:00,570
855
+ steel ุงู„ weathering steel ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ steel
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:00,570 --> 00:18:04,970
859
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุงูˆุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุชุฃู‚ู„ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌูˆ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:04,970 --> 00:18:07,210
863
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:11,920
867
+ is a special alloy suitable for outdoor use but
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:14,720
871
+ rather than being completely protected from
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:14,720 --> 00:18:18,540
875
+ corrosion the surface of the steel is allowed to
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:18,540 --> 00:18:26,320
879
+ go to go ุงูŠุด rusty rusty ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:31,400
883
+ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ rust ุจุณ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:37,700
887
+ rust ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ hard ุชุณู…ุญุด ู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:37,700 --> 00:18:43,100
891
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุณูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุณุฏู‡ุง ุชุงู†ูŠ once a layer of ุฅูŠุด
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:49,680
895
+ has formed on the surface a layer of ุฅูŠุดุŸ of rust
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:58,280
899
+ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ูƒุฑูˆุฌู„ okay it stabilizes
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:02,580
903
+ and forms a hard protective layer ุฅูŠุด
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:02,580 --> 00:19:04,300
907
+ stabilizableุŸ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:07,650 --> 00:19:15,630
911
+ ุงูŠุด stable ุจุชุณุชู‚ุฑ .. ู‡ุฏ ุจุชุณุชู‚ุฑ ูˆ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ hard
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:15,630 --> 00:19:22,470
915
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุตู„ุจุฉ this layer differs from ordinary
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:28,050
919
+ iron oxide as it does not continue to eat into the
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:28,050 --> 00:19:35,170
923
+ metal ู‡ุฏ ุจุชุจุทู„ู‡ุงุด ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุชุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ metal ุตูˆุช ุตูˆุช
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:35,170 --> 00:19:42,860
927
+ ุตูˆุชwhile not everyone may like the rusty look,
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:43,420 --> 00:19:46,420
931
+ weathering steel has been widely used in
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:46,420 --> 00:19:50,940
935
+ architectures, applications and outdoor sculptures
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:50,940 --> 00:19:57,120
939
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ sculptureุŸ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู…ุŸ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:57,120 --> 00:20:04,760
943
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุน ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸู…ุฌุณู…ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู‡ ..
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:11,020
947
+ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ outdoor sculptures ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุณู…ุงุช
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:11,020 --> 00:20:14,000
951
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:17,700
955
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ ุจุณ ุจุจู„ุงุฏ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:17,700 --> 00:20:24,220
959
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ูˆ ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ ุญุชู‰
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:24,220 --> 00:20:26,780
963
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุถูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:31,460 --> 00:20:38,000
967
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง chapter twelve ุงู„ุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ู†
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,260
971
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ steel ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:42,260 --> 00:20:47,800
975
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ ุตุญ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงูŠุด carbon steels ูˆ ุงูŠุด
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:52,080
979
+ alloying steels ุงู„ carbon steel ุนู†ุฏู†ุง three grades
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:52,080 --> 00:21:00,890
983
+ ููŠู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง mild ูˆ mediumูˆู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:00,890 --> 00:21:05,610
987
+ carbon ููŠู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ู…ู† point three percent ู„ุญุฏ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:05,610 --> 00:21:11,110
991
+ ุฏูŠุช one point four ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ ุงูŠุด iron ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:11,110 --> 00:21:17,490
995
+ any other alloying materials ุจุณ carbon and iron ุงู„
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:17,490 --> 00:21:22,270
999
+ alloying steels ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:22,270 --> 00:21:25,770
1003
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูˆู‡ุงุฏ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:25,770 --> 00:21:34,550
1007
+ ุงูŠุด ู…ู…ูŠุฒุชู‡ุงู†ูŠู†ูŠ ุจุฑุณู†ุช ุงูŠุฑู† ูˆ ุชูŠู† ุจุฑุณู†ุช ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูˆ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:34,550 --> 00:21:40,630
1011
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ alloy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุถูŠูู‡ู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:40,630 --> 00:21:46,730
1015
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ high string
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:46,730 --> 00:21:51,570
1019
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ alloy ู‚ุฏุงุดุฑุŸ less than two
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:51,570 --> 00:21:57,270
1023
+ percentุงู„ุงู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stainless steel
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:57,270 --> 00:22:01,890
1027
+ ุงู„ stainless steel ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:01,890 --> 00:22:06,030
1031
+ chromium ูˆ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงูŠุดุŸ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:06,030 --> 00:22:11,290
1035
+ nickels okay ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ tools ุงูˆ ุงู„ high
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:11,290 --> 00:22:17,150
1039
+ speed ุงูŠุดุŸ steel ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:17,150 --> 00:22:21,810
1043
+ cobalt ูˆ ุงู„ ุงูŠุดุŸูˆุงู„ tungsten ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ hard
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:21,810 --> 00:22:25,210
1047
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง very hard ูˆ very tough ูุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู…
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:25,210 --> 00:22:30,530
1051
+ ู„ู„ cutting tools ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:30,530 --> 00:22:34,430
1055
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:34,430 --> 00:22:34,910
1059
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
1060
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/NGIb7lBLSUw_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/NGIb7lBLSUw_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1076 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,620 --> 00:00:27,320
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:27,320 --> 00:00:32,160
7
+ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 12 ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 12 ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:32,160 --> 00:00:40,800
11
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 12 ุฃูˆู„ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:46,200
15
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู† ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:52,920
19
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูˆุฌูŠู†Carbon Steel ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ู‚ุตุฏู‡
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:59,140
23
+ ุจู€ Carbon SteelุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุฌูˆุฑู†ุงู„
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:59,140 --> 00:01:02,800
27
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:02,800 --> 00:01:02,940
31
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:02,940 --> 00:01:03,320
35
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:03,320 --> 00:01:03,720
39
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:06,240
43
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:12,460
47
+ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:14,300 --> 00:01:18,540
51
+ ูˆุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุณุชูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:18,540 --> 00:01:23,160
55
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง technically though this well-known alloy
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:27,560
59
+ of iron and carbon is not as simple as one might
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:27,560 --> 00:01:32,600
63
+ think ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู‡ุง steel
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:32,600 --> 00:01:38,700
67
+ comes in a huge range of different grades ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:43,850
71
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉeach with different
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:43,850 --> 00:01:49,110
75
+ characteristics ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ for the
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:49,110 --> 00:01:53,870
79
+ inexperienced it can be difficult to know where to
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:53,870 --> 00:01:58,510
83
+ begin ู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุด ุฎุจุฑุฉ ุตุนุจ ู†ุนุฑู ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:00,010 --> 00:02:05,810
87
+ Carbon steel ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฌูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุน
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:05,810 --> 00:02:08,950
91
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:08,950 --> 00:02:10,750
95
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:10,750 --> 00:02:11,610
99
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:11,610 --> 00:02:12,290
103
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:12,290 --> 00:02:12,670
107
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:12,670 --> 00:02:12,830
111
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:12,830 --> 00:02:13,490
115
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:13,490 --> 00:02:13,990
119
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:13,990 --> 00:02:14,150
123
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:14,150
127
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:17,190
131
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:17,190 --> 00:02:24,480
135
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:29,140
139
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุณุชูŠู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุนู‹ุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:29,140 --> 00:02:34,660
143
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุงุช ุฎุงู†ุงุช ู„ู€ carbon
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:34,660 --> 00:02:39,040
147
+ steel ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ู‡ุงุŸ mild steel the most widely used
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:39,040 --> 00:02:42,820
151
+ grade is a low carbon steel which contains up to
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:42,820 --> 00:02:47,300
155
+ approximately point three percent of carbon ูŠุนู†ูŠ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:47,300 --> 00:02:51,890
159
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ mild ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุจุญุชูˆู‰ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:51,890 --> 00:02:57,090
163
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠุฑู† ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:57,090 --> 00:03:01,570
167
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ mild steel medium carbon steel contain
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:01,570 --> 00:03:07,500
171
+ between approximately point three percentto point
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:07,500 --> 00:03:12,540
175
+ six percent carbon ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† point ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ point ูƒุงู…
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:12,540 --> 00:03:16,300
179
+ ุณุชุฉ carbon high carbon steel contain between
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:16,300 --> 00:03:20,300
183
+ approximately point six and one point four percent
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:20,300 --> 00:03:24,920
187
+ carbon ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:24,920 --> 00:03:29,060
191
+ one point four percent carbon ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:29,060 --> 00:03:31,940
195
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง mild
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:34,300 --> 00:03:39,000
199
+ medium carbon steel ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงูŠุด high carbon steel
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:42,980
203
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูˆุง ุงูŠุด carbons and
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:42,980 --> 00:03:46,400
207
+ steel ูˆ ุงู„ carbon ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง very low
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:51,400
211
+ quantities ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:58,080
215
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:58,080 --> 00:04:05,020
219
+ gramู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุฃู„ู ูƒู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:05,020 --> 00:04:12,180
223
+ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 14 gram ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎููŠูุฉ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:12,180 --> 00:04:17,620
227
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:17,620 --> 00:04:22,890
231
+ alloy steels ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญู† ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ steel ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุนู‡it's
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:22,890 --> 00:04:26,930
235
+ an alloy ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ alloy
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:26,930 --> 00:04:30,570
239
+ steel ุงุช ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุด alloy ู„ุฃ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ุจุณ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:30,570 --> 00:04:34,610
243
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:34,610 --> 00:04:40,660
247
+ othermetals ุจู†ุญุทู‡ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุนู‡ุง the
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:40,660 --> 00:04:44,080
251
+ second main category of steel is alloy steels
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:48,540
255
+ which consists of iron carbon and one or more
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:48,540 --> 00:04:53,500
259
+ alloying material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุด ุจู†ุถูŠู ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงูƒุชุฑ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:53,500 --> 00:04:57,980
263
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ material ุงู„ alloying
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:57,980 --> 00:05:02,800
267
+ material ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ specific grade of the alloying
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:03,800
271
+ steel include
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:20,940
275
+ ู…ุด ุตุบูŠุฑ ุทูŠุจ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:20,940 --> 00:05:24,280
279
+ ุงู„ include ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:24,280 --> 00:05:29,780
283
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… low alloy steel which
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:29,780 --> 00:05:38,060
287
+ contains 90%ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ูˆุญุชู‰ 10% ู…ู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:38,060 --> 00:05:45,360
291
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงูˆูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠุง ู†ูƒูˆ ู…ุงู†ุฌุงู†ูŠุฒ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:45,360 --> 00:05:47,680
295
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:53,780
299
+ Vanadium ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ู… ููŠู‡ู…
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:53,780 --> 00:05:57,380
303
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ low alloying steel ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:57,380 --> 00:06:04,380
307
+ ุชุณุนูŠู† ูุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ iron ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ alloying materials high
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:04,380 --> 00:06:10,720
311
+ strength low alloying steel which contains smaller
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:15,430
315
+ quantity of the above metalsit's typically less
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:15,430 --> 00:06:19,250
319
+ than two percent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ high
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:19,250 --> 00:06:23,730
323
+ strength low alloying material ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:23,730 --> 00:06:26,890
327
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ stainless steel ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชูƒู…
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:26,890 --> 00:06:32,630
331
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ which contain chromium as well
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:32,630 --> 00:06:36,850
335
+ as other metals such as nickel and which do not
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:36,850 --> 00:06:40,130
339
+ rust ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ stainless steel ุฅูŠุด ู…ุญุตู„ู‡ุŸ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:41,070 --> 00:06:48,430
343
+ ุจุตุฏูŠุด ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ rust ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุฏู‚ tools steals
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:48,430 --> 00:06:52,650
347
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูˆุง ุณูƒุงูƒูŠู† ุงูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:52,650 --> 00:06:59,250
351
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุทุน ููŠู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุญุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฑุฏ ุงูˆ ูƒู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:59,250 --> 00:07:03,210
355
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุงุชู ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง tools steal they contain
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:03,210 --> 00:07:07,110
359
+ tungestin and cobalt ุงู„ tungestin ูˆ ุงู„ cobalt
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:07,110 --> 00:07:12,360
363
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ tough material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุฏุฉOkay a widely used
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:17,340
367
+ grade of tools steel is high-speed steel which is
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:17,340 --> 00:07:20,180
371
+ used in cutting tools that operate at a high
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:20,180 --> 00:07:23,740
375
+ temperature such as drill bits ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ drill
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:23,740 --> 00:07:31,340
379
+ bitsุŸ ู„ุฃ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุฑูŠุด ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุญุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:31,340 --> 00:07:35,950
383
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ drillbits ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ู…ุด ุงูƒุชุฑ ุฎุจุฑุชูƒู…
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:35,950 --> 00:07:41,270
387
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:41,270 --> 00:07:44,690
391
+ ูุงู„ุงู†
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:44,690 --> 00:07:48,210
395
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ูุนู†ุง ูƒุงู… ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:48,210 --> 00:07:57,570
399
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ alloy steel ุงุฑุจุน ู†ูˆุน ุงูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง low alloy
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:02,120 --> 00:08:07,880
403
+ Stainless Steel ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ Tools Steel ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:07,880 --> 00:08:11,760
407
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ Corrosion ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ CorrosionุŸ ู‡ูŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:20,020
411
+ ุงู„ Oxidization ุฃูˆ ุงู„ Oxide ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Rust ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:20,020 --> 00:08:26,180
415
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุณุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:26,180 --> 00:08:34,220
419
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุขูƒู„ ู‡ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุฉูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูู‡ู†ุง one
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:34,220 --> 00:08:39,060
423
+ weakness of mild steel is that it corrodes its
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:39,060 --> 00:08:43,320
427
+ surface progressively deteriorates due to a
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:48,520
431
+ chemical reaction ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ deterioratesุŸ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:48,520 --> 00:08:54,520
435
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ corrodes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุฃูƒู„ุงู„ุงู† due to
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:54,520 --> 00:08:58,660
439
+ rates ุชุดูˆููˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูุณ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:58,660 --> 00:09:03,680
443
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ due to rates ู„ู…ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:03,680 --> 00:09:08,740
447
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุชุดูˆู‡ ุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุชุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ุจุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:08,740 --> 00:09:13,880
451
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง due to rate ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:13,880 --> 00:09:16,960
455
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุดูŠ ุชุฑุงุฌุน ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง due to rates
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:24,420
459
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:24,420 --> 00:09:31,240
463
+ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุนุตูŠุฏ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:33,020
467
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:33,020 --> 00:09:33,060
471
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:33,060 --> 00:09:38,640
475
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:38,640
479
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:38,660
483
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:38,660 --> 00:09:42,480
487
+ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุนุตูŠุฑ ุน
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:51,460
491
+ ูˆ ุงู„ oxidized ูˆ ุงู„ what ูˆ ุงู„ corrodes ู‡ู… ููŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:51,460 --> 00:09:56,420
495
+ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุตุฏู‚ุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:00,110 --> 00:10:04,650
499
+ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูŠุซุงู„ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:04,650 --> 00:10:09,410
503
+ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุซุงู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:09,410 --> 00:10:15,870
507
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุตุนุจุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฅุชุตุงู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:15,870 --> 00:10:22,490
511
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฅูŠุด ุจุญุตู„ุŸ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุตุฏุฃ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุตุฏุฃ ููŠ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:22,490 --> 00:10:27,590
515
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุงูƒู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุฌุนุงู„ุฃู„ู…ูˆู†ุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:27,590 --> 00:10:31,170
519
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุจุชุถุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ hard ูุงู„ hardness ู‡ุฐู‡
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:31,170 --> 00:10:36,790
523
+ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุตุถูŠ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุตุถูŠุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:36,790 --> 00:10:40,890
527
+ ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู† ุจุชู…ุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุขูƒู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:40,890 --> 00:10:46,510
531
+ however when mild steel goes rusty the rust on the
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:46,510 --> 00:10:51,370
535
+ surface comes off .. comes off ุงูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:51,370 --> 00:10:58,190
539
+ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุจุชุฌุดุฑุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณู‚ุท ูŠุชุณุงู‚ุท ูŠุชุณุงู‚ุท ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒุดูŠุฑ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:58,190 --> 00:11:02,950
543
+ continuously and a new rusty layer forms
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:02,950 --> 00:11:09,030
547
+ progressively eating into the metal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุฃูƒู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:12,870
551
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุชุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ููŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:12,870 --> 00:11:17,230
555
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุฌูˆ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ rust ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:17,230 --> 00:11:21,590
559
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูŠุฌุนุจ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:21,590 --> 00:11:29,770
563
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸุจุชุงูƒู„ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† decide whether
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:29,770 --> 00:11:34,030
567
+ the sentences below are true or false and correct
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:34,030 --> 00:11:38,570
571
+ the false sentences steel is an alloy of iron and
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:38,570 --> 00:11:42,930
575
+ carbon true
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:42,930 --> 00:11:47,790
579
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุงู„ steel ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:47,790 --> 00:11:53,770
583
+ ู‡ูˆ alloyู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:53,770 --> 00:11:57,250
587
+ ู‡ูˆ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:57,250 --> 00:11:57,510
591
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:57,510 --> 00:11:57,690
595
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:57,690 --> 00:11:57,710
599
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:57,710 --> 00:11:58,050
603
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:58,050 --> 00:11:58,050
607
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:58,050 --> 00:11:58,510
611
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:58,510 --> 00:11:59,610
615
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:59,610 --> 00:12:01,330
619
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:01,330 --> 00:12:01,730
623
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:01,730 --> 00:12:03,090
627
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:03,090 --> 00:12:03,090
631
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:03,090 --> 00:12:12,330
635
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆู‡ูˆู‡ูˆู‡ูˆู‡
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:15,660 --> 00:12:20,340
639
+ chromium and nickel are used as alloying metal in
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:20,340 --> 00:12:26,220
643
+ steel ู…ุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ูƒุจุดุฉ alloying
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:26,220 --> 00:12:30,840
647
+ materialุŒ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ low alloy
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:36,200
651
+ steel contain more chromium than ironุŒ false ููŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:36,200 --> 00:12:40,560
655
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ steel ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ iron
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:42,360 --> 00:12:47,820
659
+ ุงู„ู€ stainless steel is an alloy steel true ุงุญู†ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:47,820 --> 00:12:52,040
663
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุชุจุนู†ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ alloy
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:57,240
667
+ alloying steel ุฃูˆ alloy steels tungsten is added
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:03,580
671
+ to steel to make it softer false ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ harder
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:03,580 --> 00:13:09,120
675
+ ู…ุด softerhigh speed steel is suitable for making
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:16,720
679
+ cutting tools that get very hot ุงุญู†ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:22,320
683
+ ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ true ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูˆ tools ู†ูุณ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:27,720
687
+ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงูŠุด cutting tools get very hot ูุจุฏูƒ ุงูŠุด ุงูุถู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:31,240
691
+ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ high speed steel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:40,590
695
+ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ tools steelู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:40,590 --> 00:13:44,430
699
+ ุงู„ุงู† complete ุงู„ table ุงู„ table ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุจู†ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„ู‡
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:44,430 --> 00:13:49,250
703
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ corroded ุงู„ adjective ุงู„ noun ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ?
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:51,810 --> 00:14:00,670
707
+ corrosion ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ verb? corrode ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทูŠุจ ุงู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:00,670 --> 00:14:02,310
711
+ oxidized
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:04,730 --> 00:14:10,890
715
+ oxide ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ noun oxide ุตุญ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:10,890 --> 00:14:18,670
719
+ carbon oxide ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ noun oxide ุทูŠุจ ุงู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:18,670 --> 00:14:26,410
723
+ verb oxidize ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง go rusty ุงูŠุด ุงู„ verb ู…ู…ูƒู†
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:26,410 --> 00:14:36,110
727
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ุงู† rust ุงู„ nounrust ุงู„ adjective rusty ุทุจ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:36,110 --> 00:14:40,170
731
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ู†ุนุจูŠู‡ู… when steel is exposed to
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:40,170 --> 00:14:45,450
735
+ air and water it oxidize
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:45,450 --> 00:14:52,070
739
+ ุงูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ rust ุงูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ corrodes ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุฌูˆุฒุฉ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:52,070 --> 00:14:57,470
743
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:57,470 --> 00:15:03,810
747
+ ุชุญุทูŠู‡ ES ุงูˆ SุทูŠุจ a brown red material on the
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:03,810 --> 00:15:10,110
751
+ surface of steel is called corrosion ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ rust
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:10,110 --> 00:15:15,190
755
+ and oxide ุทูŠุจ the strength of steel is reduced if
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:15,190 --> 00:15:20,210
759
+ it is ู†ุญุท ุงู„ adjective ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ adjectiveุŸ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:20,210 --> 00:15:28,550
763
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† oxidized ุฃูˆ rusty ุฃูˆ corroded
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:35,920
767
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุจุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง complete the article about
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:35,920 --> 00:15:40,160
771
+ a special type of steel the perennial problem with
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:44,440
775
+ mild .. ุฅูŠุด
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:44,440 --> 00:15:50,480
779
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ perennial problemุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŸ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:57,060
783
+ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฒุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ with mildsteel
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:57,060 --> 00:16:02,580
787
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท is ุฅุชู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด when exposed air and water ุฅูŠุด
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:02,580 --> 00:16:12,020
791
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง it rusts or it corrodes or it oxidize ุทูŠุจ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:12,020 --> 00:16:15,920
795
+ generally the only solution is either to apply a
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:21,660
799
+ protective coating to use or to use another edge
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:21,660 --> 00:16:26,920
803
+ of the steelุฃูŠูˆุฉ another grades ุงู„ grades ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:30,400
807
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ type ุฃูˆ variations
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:35,300
811
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:41,600
815
+ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุณุงูƒู†ูŠู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู„ู„ุจุญุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุฅูŠุด
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:45,120
819
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒูˆุง ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:46,690 --> 00:16:51,310
823
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูู„ุงุฒู… ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู„ู‡ ูŠุง ุฃู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฏู‡ู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:51,310 --> 00:16:57,090
827
+ ุฏุงุฆู… ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠุจูŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู‚ู„ุจุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ุจุฉ ุงูŠุด
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:57,090 --> 00:17:05,430
831
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุญุท ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ stainless steel ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:05,430 --> 00:17:11,830
835
+ ู‡ู†ุง used ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง another grade of steel that is
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:11,830 --> 00:17:19,660
839
+ resistant toto the rusting process ุงูˆ to corrosion
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:19,660 --> 00:17:25,820
843
+ process ุงูˆ to oxidize process the most well-known
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:25,820 --> 00:17:30,880
847
+ being ุงูŠุด steelุŸ stainless steel ู…ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:34,100
851
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง stainless steel which contains
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:38,220
855
+ significant quantity of ุงูŠุดุŸ and often nickel
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:38,220 --> 00:17:45,590
859
+ chromium ู…ุธุจูˆุทุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ alloy ุชุจุน ูƒุฑูˆู…
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:45,590 --> 00:17:49,690
863
+ ูˆ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู†ูŠูƒู„ there is however an alternative
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:49,690 --> 00:17:56,610
867
+ solution so-called weathering needs weathering
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:56,610 --> 00:18:00,570
871
+ steel ุงู„ weathering steel ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ steel
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:00,570 --> 00:18:04,970
875
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุงูˆุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุชุฃู‚ู„ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌูˆ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:04,970 --> 00:18:07,210
879
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:11,920
883
+ is a special alloy suitable for outdoor use but
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:14,720
887
+ rather than being completely protected from
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:14,720 --> 00:18:18,540
891
+ corrosion the surface of the steel is allowed to
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:18,540 --> 00:18:26,320
895
+ go to go ุงูŠุด rusty rusty ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:31,400
899
+ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ rust ุจุณ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:37,700
903
+ rust ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ hard ุชุณู…ุญุด ู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:37,700 --> 00:18:43,100
907
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุณูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุณุฏู‡ุง ุชุงู†ูŠ once a layer of ุฅูŠุด
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:49,680
911
+ has formed on the surface a layer of ุฅูŠุดุŸ of rust
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:58,280
915
+ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ูƒุฑูˆุฌู„ okay it stabilizes
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:02,580
919
+ and forms a hard protective layer ุฅูŠุด
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:02,580 --> 00:19:04,300
923
+ stabilizableุŸ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:07,650 --> 00:19:15,630
927
+ ุงูŠุด stable ุจุชุณุชู‚ุฑ .. ู‡ุฏ ุจุชุณุชู‚ุฑ ูˆ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ hard
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:15,630 --> 00:19:22,470
931
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุตู„ุจุฉ this layer differs from ordinary
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:28,050
935
+ iron oxide as it does not continue to eat into the
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:28,050 --> 00:19:35,170
939
+ metal ู‡ุฏ ุจุชุจุทู„ู‡ุงุด ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุชุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ metal ุตูˆุช ุตูˆุช
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:35,170 --> 00:19:42,860
943
+ ุตูˆุชwhile not everyone may like the rusty look,
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:43,420 --> 00:19:46,420
947
+ weathering steel has been widely used in
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:46,420 --> 00:19:50,940
951
+ architectures, applications and outdoor sculptures
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:50,940 --> 00:19:57,120
955
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ sculptureุŸ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู…ุŸ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:57,120 --> 00:20:04,760
959
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุน ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸู…ุฌุณู…ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู‡ ..
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:11,020
963
+ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ outdoor sculptures ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุณู…ุงุช
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:11,020 --> 00:20:14,000
967
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:17,700
971
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ ุจุณ ุจุจู„ุงุฏ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:17,700 --> 00:20:24,220
975
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ูˆ ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ ุญุชู‰
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:24,220 --> 00:20:26,780
979
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุถูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:31,460 --> 00:20:38,000
983
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง chapter twelve ุงู„ุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ู†
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,260
987
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ steel ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:42,260 --> 00:20:47,800
991
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ ุตุญ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงูŠุด carbon steels ูˆ ุงูŠุด
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:52,080
995
+ alloying steels ุงู„ carbon steel ุนู†ุฏู†ุง three grades
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:52,080 --> 00:21:00,890
999
+ ููŠู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง mild ูˆ mediumูˆู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:00,890 --> 00:21:05,610
1003
+ carbon ููŠู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ู…ู† point three percent ู„ุญุฏ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:05,610 --> 00:21:11,110
1007
+ ุฏูŠุช one point four ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ ุงูŠุด iron ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:11,110 --> 00:21:17,490
1011
+ any other alloying materials ุจุณ carbon and iron ุงู„
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:17,490 --> 00:21:22,270
1015
+ alloying steels ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:22,270 --> 00:21:25,770
1019
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูˆู‡ุงุฏ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:25,770 --> 00:21:34,550
1023
+ ุงูŠุด ู…ู…ูŠุฒุชู‡ุงู†ูŠู†ูŠ ุจุฑุณู†ุช ุงูŠุฑู† ูˆ ุชูŠู† ุจุฑุณู†ุช ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูˆ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:34,550 --> 00:21:40,630
1027
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ alloy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุถูŠูู‡ู…ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:40,630 --> 00:21:46,730
1031
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ high string
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:46,730 --> 00:21:51,570
1035
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ alloy ู‚ุฏุงุดุฑุŸ less than two
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:51,570 --> 00:21:57,270
1039
+ percentุงู„ุงู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stainless steel
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:57,270 --> 00:22:01,890
1043
+ ุงู„ stainless steel ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงู„
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:01,890 --> 00:22:06,030
1047
+ chromium ูˆ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงูŠุดุŸ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:06,030 --> 00:22:11,290
1051
+ nickels okay ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ tools ุงูˆ ุงู„ high
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:11,290 --> 00:22:17,150
1055
+ speed ุงูŠุดุŸ steel ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:17,150 --> 00:22:21,810
1059
+ cobalt ูˆ ุงู„ ุงูŠุดุŸูˆุงู„ tungsten ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ hard
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:21,810 --> 00:22:25,210
1063
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง very hard ูˆ very tough ูุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:25,210 --> 00:22:30,530
1067
+ ู„ู„ cutting tools ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:30,530 --> 00:22:34,430
1071
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:34,430 --> 00:22:34,910
1075
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
1076
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/VwUFeAbFcZs_raw.json ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,920 --> 00:00:27,460
3
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู‚ุนุฏ ุชุงุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุงุฑูŠ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:27,460 --> 00:00:29,620
7
+ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุงุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุงุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:29,620 --> 00:00:29,860
11
+ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:29,860 --> 00:00:30,060
15
+ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:30,060 --> 00:00:31,660
19
+ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,660 --> 00:00:32,240
23
+ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:32,240 --> 00:00:32,320
27
+ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:32,320 --> 00:00:42,240
31
+ ุชุฑูŠ ุชุฑูŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,240 --> 00:00:45,180
35
+ ุช
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:52,950 --> 00:00:57,790
39
+ acceleration and motion if an object is at rest
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:57,790 --> 00:01:04,470
43
+ not .. that meaning not moving ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:04,470 --> 00:01:10,770
47
+ okay and it's free to move not fixed an external
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:10,770 --> 00:01:16,910
51
+ .. an external force a force from outside will
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:16,910 --> 00:01:22,410
55
+ make the object accelerate ูŠุนู†ูŠุด accelerateุŸุฃูŠูˆุฉ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:22,410 --> 00:01:29,170
59
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ position ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:29,170 --> 00:01:32,850
63
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ derivative ุชุจุนู‡ ุงุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ velocity
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:32,850 --> 00:01:36,470
67
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ derivative ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ velocity ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:36,470 --> 00:01:41,130
71
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง acceleration ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:41,130 --> 00:01:43,810
75
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… this means
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:47,380 --> 00:01:50,120
79
+ Velocity of the object or the speed of its
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:50,120 --> 00:01:53,080
83
+ movement in a given direction will increase
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:53,080 --> 00:01:58,160
87
+ Velocity is measured in meters per second Position
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:58,160 --> 00:02:01,200
91
+ is measured in meters Velocity is measured in
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:04,160
95
+ meters per second Acceleration is measured in
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:04,160 --> 00:02:07,040
99
+ meters per second per second square
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:12,060 --> 00:02:19,300
103
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:19,300 --> 00:02:24,080
107
+ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:24,080 --> 00:02:24,820
111
+ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:24,820 --> 00:02:28,900
115
+ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:28,900 --> 00:02:29,960
119
+ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:29,960 --> 00:02:41,120
123
+ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุฒ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:41,150 --> 00:02:46,130
127
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ meter per second per second The unit of
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:46,130 --> 00:02:48,870
131
+ acceleration is therefore meter per second per
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:48,870 --> 00:02:52,570
135
+ second stated as meter per second per second
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:52,570 --> 00:02:57,090
139
+ squared ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ูŠุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:57,090 --> 00:03:03,410
143
+ ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุง ู…ุฑุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉIf
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:03,410 --> 00:03:08,070
147
+ an object is in motion or moving and is subjected
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:08,070 --> 00:03:12,530
151
+ to an opposing force that is when acting on it in
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:12,530 --> 00:03:16,790
155
+ the opposite direction, the object will .. ุฏู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:16,790 --> 00:03:22,370
159
+ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ ู…ุถุงุฏุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:22,370 --> 00:03:27,070
163
+ ูŠุชุจุงุทุฃุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุชุจุงุทุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุนูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:27,070 --> 00:03:28,370
167
+ deceleration
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:30,380 --> 00:03:38,600
171
+ acceleration ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุจุงุทุค ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:38,600 --> 00:03:48,820
175
+ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:48,820 --> 00:03:52,720
179
+ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:52,720 --> 00:03:58,120
183
+ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:58,120 --> 00:04:02,750
187
+ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุณุงุฑู‚ ุชุงู„ linear ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฎุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:02,750 --> 00:04:10,510
191
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุด ุจุณ ุฎุทูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑุฌ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุชู†ุงุณุจุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:10,510 --> 00:04:16,180
195
+ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฎุทูŠa car acceleration and
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:16,180 --> 00:04:19,160
199
+ driving along a straight road is an example of
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:19,160 --> 00:04:23,120
203
+ linear acceleration and linear motion ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:26,680
207
+ linear motion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฎุทูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:26,680 --> 00:04:33,960
211
+ circular motion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุด ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠ ุงูˆ circle ู…ู†
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:33,960 --> 00:04:38,900
215
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ circular ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆ ููŠ non
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:38,900 --> 00:04:45,580
219
+ -linear ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุฎุทูŠon air acceleration due to
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:45,580 --> 00:04:49,000
223
+ gravity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:53,720
227
+ ุฑู…ูŠุชูˆุง ุญุฌุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุทุงู„ุน ุณุฑุนุช ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:53,720 --> 00:04:54,260
231
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:54,260 --> 00:05:04,340
235
+ ุชุทุจุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุทุท
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:05,840 --> 00:05:10,520
239
+ is roughly 10 meters per second squared ู‡ูŠ 9.81 ุฒูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:10,520 --> 00:05:14,780
243
+ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง 10 meters per second
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:14,780 --> 00:05:19,020
247
+ squared in other words if an object is dropped and
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:19,020 --> 00:05:25,590
251
+ lift to free fallุณู‚ูˆุท ุงู„ุญุฑ its velocity will
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:25,590 --> 00:05:31,250
255
+ increase by 10 meter per second every second not
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:31,250 --> 00:05:35,530
259
+ allowing for air resistance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฑู…ูŠุช ุญุงุฌุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:35,530 --> 00:05:39,470
263
+ ู…ู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู…ุนูŠู† ุงูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุชู‡ุง ุชุณู‚ุท ู…ู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู…ุนูŠู† ุงูŠุด
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:39,470 --> 00:05:45,330
267
+ ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ุง ุณุฑุนุชู‡ุง ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ 10 meter per second ู„ูƒู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:45,330 --> 00:05:52,260
271
+ secondุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:52,260 --> 00:05:58,340
275
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ุช
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:58,340 --> 00:06:01,920
279
+ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅู† ุณุฑุนุชู‡ุง
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:07,380
283
+ ุจุชุฒุฏุงุฏ 10 meter per second ู„ูƒู„ second ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:09,540 --> 00:06:12,920
287
+ Acceleration and deceleration such as that
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:12,920 --> 00:06:17,140
291
+ generated by aircraft and cars can be compared
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:17,140 --> 00:06:20,640
295
+ with acceleration due to gravity ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงูŠุด
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:20,640 --> 00:06:25,220
299
+ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุญูƒูŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ู‡ุงุฌ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู‚ุงุฑู† ุงู„
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:25,220 --> 00:06:30,420
303
+ acceleration ุงูˆ ุงู„ deceleration ู…ู‚ุงุฑุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:30,420 --> 00:06:35,340
307
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 10 meter per
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:35,340 --> 00:06:42,010
311
+ second square ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง one gุฃูˆ one gravity force
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:42,010 --> 00:06:47,710
315
+ ุงูˆ one g force ูู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุงุชุฑูƒ ุจู‚ูŠุณ ููŠู‡
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:47,710 --> 00:06:51,410
319
+ relative
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:51,410 --> 00:06:56,290
323
+ measure is called g force g stands for gravity and
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:56,290 --> 00:06:59,530
327
+ acceleration of 10 meters per second squared is
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:59,530 --> 00:07:01,970
331
+ measured as one g
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:04,610 --> 00:07:12,350
335
+ ูˆ 20 meter per second squared as 2G and so on ูŠุนู†ูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:12,350 --> 00:07:16,790
339
+ ู‡ุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‰ 100 meter per second squared ู‡ุฏ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:16,790 --> 00:07:23,930
343
+ ูƒุฏุงุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 10G ูุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ 32 meter
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:23,930 --> 00:07:32,240
347
+ per second squared ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง 3.2G forceูู‡ุฐุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:32,240 --> 00:07:37,220
351
+ ุงู„ู€ measurement ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:37,220 --> 00:07:43,830
355
+ inertia ุงูŠุด ุงู„ inertiaุŸุงู„ู€ inertia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏู‡ ุถุฑุจุท ุงู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:43,830 --> 00:07:49,870
359
+ velocity ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„mass ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุจ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:49,870 --> 00:07:54,090
363
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฃุญุฑูƒู‡ุง ู…ุด ุฏู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฃุญุฑูƒู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:54,090 --> 00:07:57,970
367
+ ุฅู„ู‡ุง force ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ุง force the greater the mass
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:57,970 --> 00:08:00,650
371
+ of an object the greater the external force
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:00,650 --> 00:08:04,690
375
+ required to cause it to accelerate or decelerate
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:04,690 --> 00:08:10,260
379
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุจุช ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุญุฑูƒู‡ุงู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:10,260 --> 00:08:14,940
383
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุญุฑูƒู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏุฆ ุงูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุญุฑูƒู‡ุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:14,940 --> 00:08:19,120
387
+ resistant to acceleration or deceleration due to
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:22,820
391
+ the mass of an object is called inertia ุงู„ inertia
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:22,820 --> 00:08:29,120
395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉุงู„ู…ู…ุงู†ุนุฉ .. ุงู„ู…ู…ุงู†ุนุฉ ุฏู‡
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:34,380
399
+ ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู† .. ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:34,380 --> 00:08:38,580
403
+ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงู†ุนุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุฑูˆุง ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ ุนู†ู‡ุง ูุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:38,580 --> 00:08:43,560
407
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฑุด ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ acceleration
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:43,560 --> 00:08:47,600
411
+ ุฃูˆ or deceleration ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:51,040 --> 00:08:56,320
415
+ ุจุนุฑูุด ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ู…ุฑู†ุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:56,320 --> 00:09:02,700
419
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ุด ุฐุงูƒุฑู‡ู… ุจุณ resistance ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:02,700 --> 00:09:09,340
423
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ .. ุจ physicalityูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุงุต ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:09,340 --> 00:09:16,080
427
+ ููŠู‡ ุฒู„ู… okay it's called inertia when an object is
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:19,860
431
+ in motion it's resistant to deceleration due to
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:19,860 --> 00:09:24,180
435
+ inertia is often called momentum ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:24,180 --> 00:09:31,200
439
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ momentum ุชุญุฑุฑ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:33,970 --> 00:09:39,270
443
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ .. ุงู†ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:39,270 --> 00:09:44,630
447
+ ุงุชุนูˆุฏุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ู‡ู†ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุฏุฑุณุช ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุชุฑุฌู…ุช ูˆ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:44,630 --> 00:09:50,660
451
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฑู…ูŠุช ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู… ูˆ ุจุฏูŠุช ุฃุดุบู„ ุจุฏูˆู† ุชุฑุฌู…ุทูŠุจ simple
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:50,660 --> 00:09:54,760
455
+ machines ุงู„ุงู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ motion ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:58,560
459
+ ุงู„ simple machines what we mean the word machine
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:58,560 --> 00:10:02,720
463
+ generally referred to an assembly which has parts
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:08,580
467
+ that move ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฌุณู… ููŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:08,580 --> 00:10:12,360
471
+ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† however a simple machine can be
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:12,360 --> 00:10:18,840
475
+ very basic deviceุงู„ู€ simple machine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:18,840 --> 00:10:23,480
479
+ ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏุง a simple machine is something which
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:23,480 --> 00:10:27,020
483
+ provides a mechanical advantage ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ mechanical
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:27,020 --> 00:10:31,380
487
+ advantage ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง .. ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุนู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:31,380 --> 00:10:36,450
491
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุงูŠ mechanical advantage that is load
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:36,450 --> 00:10:40,870
495
+ generated by the machine the force it puts out or
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:40,870 --> 00:10:45,050
499
+ outputs is greater than efforts the force put in
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:45,050 --> 00:10:49,150
503
+ or input required to generate the load ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:49,150 --> 00:10:55,510
507
+ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃููƒ ุจุฑุบูŠ ุจุฅูŠุฏูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ุงู„ู…ูุงูƒ ุจุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:55,510 --> 00:11:00,890
511
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุธุจูˆุทูู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ simple tool ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:00,890 --> 00:11:07,050
515
+ ุฏูŠ machine ุงู„ .. ูŠู…ูƒู† spanner ุดูุชูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:07,050 --> 00:11:14,310
519
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุŸ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:20,040
523
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ ..
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:20,040 --> 00:11:25,800
527
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุฃูˆ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุงุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงุกุŒ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:28,620
531
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง simple machine ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ููŠ ุงู„ example
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:28,620 --> 00:11:32,600
535
+ ู‡ุฐุง an example of simple machine is a lever ุงู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:42,300
539
+ lever ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ which is used with a fulcrum a
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:42,300 --> 00:11:47,860
543
+ point which act as a support ุงู„ุขู† ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:47,860 --> 00:11:54,240
547
+ .. ุงูŠู† ุฌู„ุจ ุชุจุนูŠุŸ ุงู†ุง
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:54,240 --> 00:12:06,260
551
+ ุฌูŠุจุช ุฌู„ุจ ู…ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆ ู…ูŠุจู‚ู‰ .. ุงู„ุงู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:06,260 --> 00:12:12,000
555
+ ู‡ุงุฐูŠ ุฑุงูุนุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุญุทูŠุช ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ุง ูˆุฒู† ู‡ู†ุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:17,310
559
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุฑูุนู‡ุง ู…ุตุจูˆุทู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:17,310 --> 00:12:22,410
563
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง liver ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงูุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:22,410 --> 00:12:26,190
567
+ ู„ุฃุฑูุน ุนุดูŠ which is used with a fulcrum a point
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:26,190 --> 00:12:29,310
571
+ which act as a support and allow the liver to
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:29,310 --> 00:12:34,970
575
+ pivot ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆูŠู† ุจุญุฑูƒู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:34,970 --> 00:12:39,370
579
+ ู‚ุฏุงุดูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฑูุนูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุงุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:39,370 --> 00:12:43,350
583
+ .. ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฑูุน ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุดุจ ูˆ ุจุฏุนุณ ู…ู†
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:43,350 --> 00:12:48,650
587
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ุจุชุฑูุญู‡ุง ู„ู„ .. ู„ู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ุงุŒ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:48,650 --> 00:12:52,470
591
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุชุฒูŠู‡ .. ุจุชู†ุฒุญ ..
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:52,470 --> 00:12:57,150
595
+ ุจุชู†ุฒุญ .. ู‡ุฐุง machine ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุจู†ุฒูˆู‚ู‡ุง ู„ู†ูˆุตู„ู‡ุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:57,150 --> 00:13:04,810
599
+ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠFulcrum ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูŠุนู…ู„ ูƒู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:04,810 --> 00:13:09,710
603
+ ูˆูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ deliver ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:09,710 --> 00:13:13,970
607
+ ุดุฑูƒุฉ deliver ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ูุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ู€
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:13,970 --> 00:13:18,630
611
+ Fulcrum ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจูŠู† ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ูˆ Fulcrum
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:18,630 --> 00:13:21,990
615
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Fulcrum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ pivot
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:21,990 --> 00:13:26,930
619
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฌุช ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:26,930 --> 00:13:33,070
623
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุฃ .. ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุทูŠุชู‡ุง
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:33,070 --> 00:13:38,310
627
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ effort ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ูุฅูŠุด
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:38,310 --> 00:13:43,410
631
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ ุงู„ distance ุฅู„ู‡ุง ู…ูุนูˆู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ effort ุงู„ู„ูŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:43,410 --> 00:13:46,370
635
+ ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:46,370 --> 00:13:51,210
639
+ ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ุนุฒู…ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ุฐุงูƒุฑู‡ุง ู…ู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:51,210 --> 00:13:52,110
643
+ ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:55,680 --> 00:13:59,000
647
+ ู‡ู†ุง if the lever is placed so that the distance
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:01,680
651
+ between the effort and the fulcrum is greater than
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:01,680 --> 00:14:03,960
655
+ the distance between the load and the fulcrum, a
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:07,980
659
+ mechanical advantage is created ูู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:07,980 --> 00:14:12,080
663
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:12,080 --> 00:14:15,690
667
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ mechanical advantage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุนู†ุฏู‰
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:15,690 --> 00:14:21,770
671
+ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ุฅู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจุชุฎูู ุงู„ุนุจุก ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:21,770 --> 00:14:25,270
675
+ ู„ุฃุดุบู„ ููŠู‡ in general language the turning force
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:25,270 --> 00:14:29,150
679
+ generated by a lever is called leverage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:29,150 --> 00:14:32,970
683
+ ู„ุงุฒู… in engineering a turning force is called a
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:32,970 --> 00:14:38,270
687
+ turning moment or moment moments are calculated by
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:38,270 --> 00:14:43,310
691
+ multiplyingthe distance from the fulcrum in meter
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:43,310 --> 00:14:46,990
695
+ by the magnitude of force in newton ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนุฒู…
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:46,990 --> 00:14:52,290
699
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุถุฑุจ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ force ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ moment
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:52,290 --> 00:14:56,570
703
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ turning moment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:56,570 --> 00:15:00,410
707
+ turning force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ they are measured in
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:00,410 --> 00:15:07,050
711
+ newton meters ุงู„ุงู‡ู„ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฌูŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:07,050 --> 00:15:11,180
715
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ accelerationูˆ ุงู„
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:11,180 --> 00:15:15,900
719
+ deceleration ุตุญุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุจุนุถู‡ุงุŸ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:15,900 --> 00:15:21,060
723
+ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ velocity ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:22,050 --> 00:15:25,930
727
+ meter per second ูˆ ุงู„ acceleration ูˆ ุงู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:25,930 --> 00:15:30,230
731
+ deceleration ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ inertia ุงู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:30,230 --> 00:15:33,670
735
+ inertia ุงูŠุด ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ resistance ู„ู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:33,670 --> 00:15:37,870
739
+ acceleration ุงูˆ ุงู„ deceleration ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:37,870 --> 00:15:42,590
743
+ ุจู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ mass ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุงุฎุฑ ุงุดูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:42,590 --> 00:15:46,350
747
+ simple machines ูˆ ุงู„ simple machines ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:46,350 --> 00:15:52,110
751
+ mechanical advantagesู„ู†ุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:52,110 --> 00:15:58,330
755
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง leverage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ leverage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:58,330 --> 00:16:03,310
759
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ engineering turning force is called
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:03,310 --> 00:16:06,850
763
+ a moment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ turning force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:06,850 --> 00:16:10,730
767
+ moment are calculated by multiplying ุงู„ distance
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:11,660 --> 00:16:15,620
771
+ multiplied by ุงู„ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ measured per
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:15,620 --> 00:16:21,960
775
+ Newton ู…ุชุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gravity ูˆูƒูŠู
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:21,960 --> 00:16:26,960
779
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ measurement ู„ู„ unit using ุงู„ 1G ูˆ ุงู„ 2G
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:26,960 --> 00:16:30,740
783
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุขู†
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:30,740 --> 00:16:35,670
787
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ exercises ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠุงู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:35,670 --> 00:16:38,610
791
+ exercise ุจูŠุณุฃู„ูƒู… please the article about the
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:38,610 --> 00:16:42,430
795
+ Titanic taken from a popular science magazine
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:42,430 --> 00:16:47,570
799
+ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ุงุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุงูŠุชุงู†ูŠูƒุŸ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:47,570 --> 00:16:49,190
803
+ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ ..
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:49,190 --> 00:16:49,230
807
+ ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:49,230 --> 00:16:50,110
811
+ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ ..
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:50,110 --> 00:16:54,330
815
+ ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:54,330 --> 00:16:55,390
819
+ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ ..
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:55,390 --> 00:16:59,200
823
+ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉ .. ุณููŠู†ุฉุถุฎู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:59,200 --> 00:17:03,600
827
+ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด .. ู…ุด ู‡ุช .. ู‡ุชุจุญุฑ ุงู„
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:03,600 --> 00:17:09,040
831
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงุทู„ุณ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุฃุทู„ุณูŠ ูˆ ุชุชุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:09,040 --> 00:17:13,940
835
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ู…ุด
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:13,940 --> 00:17:18,860
839
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุช ุฒูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:18,860 --> 00:17:25,610
843
+ ุงู†ุตุฏู…ุช .. ุตุฏู…ุช iceberg ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุจู„ ุฌู„ูŠุฏูŠูˆุงุชูƒุณุฑุช
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:25,610 --> 00:17:33,030
847
+ ูˆุบุฑู‚ุช ูˆู…ุงุช .. ูˆู…ุงุช ููŠู‡ุง .. ูˆู…ุงุช
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:33,030 --> 00:17:41,990
851
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู ูˆุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุณุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:41,990 --> 00:17:46,730
855
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ article ุจุชูƒู„ู…
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:46,730 --> 00:17:54,100
859
+ ุนู†ู‡ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุชู… ุฅู‚ุชุฑุงุญู‡ ุจุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฑ ู„ูŠู†ูŠุงุฑ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูƒ ู„ู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:54,100 --> 00:18:00,900
863
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุทู… ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุชูุงู‚ ู…ุน ุนุตุจุงุฑ ููŠ ุนุงู… 1912 ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:00,900 --> 00:18:05,680
867
+ ู…ุญุทู… ุงู„ู…ุญุทู… ู…ุญุทู… ูˆุฏู…ุฌ ูู‚ุท ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:08,860 --> 00:18:15,000
871
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจู‚ุชุฑุญูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ Titanic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:21,120
875
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ Titanic ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงุตุทุฏู…ุช ุจุงู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:21,120 --> 00:18:27,560
879
+ iceberg head on ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูƒุงู† ุงู†ู‡
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:27,560 --> 00:18:34,760
883
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุชุบุฑู‚ุด ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุทุงู„ุนุด ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ as
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:34,760 --> 00:18:40,950
887
+ historyas history tells ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ the crew tried
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:40,950 --> 00:18:46,130
891
+ to turn to avoid the iceberg ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุงู‚ู… ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:46,130 --> 00:18:52,290
895
+ ุญุงูˆู„ ูŠู„ู ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ูŠุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู† ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุฏ ูุงู†ุตุฏู…ุช ู…ู†
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:52,290 --> 00:18:52,950
899
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:57,680 --> 00:19:02,100
903
+ and one thousand five hundred seventeen lives were
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:02,100 --> 00:19:05,880
907
+ lost but how severe would a frontal impact have
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:05,880 --> 00:19:11,040
911
+ been for the passengers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุฃู„ ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:11,040 --> 00:19:17,720
915
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชุตุงุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:22,160
919
+ ice berg ุฅูŠุด ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฑูŠู† the answer
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:22,160 --> 00:19:25,440
923
+ depends on several questions ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:25,440 --> 00:19:29,840
927
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง the ship tried to slow while turning with
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:29,840 --> 00:19:37,980
931
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุชุจุทุฆ ุณุฑุนุชู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู„ู ุงู„ุขู† with
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:37,980 --> 00:19:43,590
935
+ ุฅูŠุด deceleration have been more effectivelinear
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:43,590 --> 00:19:49,570
939
+ deceleration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ linear ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูุฉ ุจุทู„ูƒ linear
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:49,570 --> 00:19:54,710
943
+ have been more effective allowing the ship to more
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:54,710 --> 00:19:59,550
947
+ rapidly decelerate ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† linear ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:59,550 --> 00:20:03,550
951
+ deceleration ูู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑุชุจุท ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:03,550 --> 00:20:08,030
955
+ deceleration ุงูˆ decelerate more rapidly based on
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:08,030 --> 00:20:13,810
959
+ this ุงูŠุด of decelerationุŸุงู„ุงู† .. ุงู„ุงู† .. and
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:13,810 --> 00:20:16,930
963
+ assuming the ship would not have .. would not have
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:16,930 --> 00:20:21,430
967
+ stopped in time based on the rate of deceleration
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:21,430 --> 00:20:26,550
971
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ what would have .. what would the
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:26,550 --> 00:20:30,350
975
+ edge of the ship have been at that moment of the
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:30,350 --> 00:20:35,330
979
+ impact ุงู„ูู„ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูู„ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:35,330 --> 00:20:38,610
983
+ ุฅูŠุด linear
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:41,040 --> 00:20:46,740
987
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุฏูŠ ุณูŠู„ุงุฑูŠุช ุฏูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:46,740 --> 00:20:57,620
991
+ ุณูŠู„ุงุฑูŠุช ู‡ู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ rate ู‡ู†ุง velocity of the ship
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:57,620 --> 00:21:02,480
995
+ have been at the moment of impact what was the age
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:02,480 --> 00:21:07,340
999
+ of the iceberg ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ iceberg ุงูŠุด
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:07,340 --> 00:21:10,400
1003
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ mass ุงู„ mass of the iceberg
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:13,730 --> 00:21:19,030
1007
+ calculate the appropriate number of kilograms of
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:19,030 --> 00:21:23,230
1011
+ the iceberg would allow the .. ุงูŠุด .. ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:23,230 --> 00:21:33,130
1015
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„mass ูˆ ุงู„ speed ุงู„ inertia inertia
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:33,130 --> 00:21:40,210
1019
+ inertia inertia ุทูŠุจ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:40,210 --> 00:21:49,420
1023
+ of the iceberg haveุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูƒ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:49,420 --> 00:21:57,060
1027
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ุฅู†ุจุนุงุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุจุนุงุฏ ู„ุฅู†ุจุนุงุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุจุนุงุฏ ุฅู„ู‰
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:57,060 --> 00:21:57,620
1031
+ ู…ุฏุฑุฌ ู…ู‡ู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:05,500 --> 00:22:11,880
1035
+ and so .. so observe some of the shock as it was
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:11,880 --> 00:22:16,440
1039
+ pushed forward ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃุญู†ุง ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:24,400
1043
+ ุตุฏู…ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุญุณุจ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:30,100
1047
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชุตุงุฑุน ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ shock ุฃุฎู ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:30,100 --> 00:22:34,960
1051
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุญุณุจ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:43,160 --> 00:22:47,400
1055
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:50,860
1059
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:50,860 --> 00:22:51,380
1063
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:51,380 --> 00:22:51,500
1067
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:51,500 --> 00:22:51,740
1071
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:51,740 --> 00:22:54,580
1075
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:54,580 --> 00:22:59,220
1079
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:59,240 --> 00:23:04,980
1083
+ that's seven ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชุตุงุฏู…
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:04,980 --> 00:23:10,100
1087
+ ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูƒูŠู„ูˆู…ุชุฑ per an hour
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:10,100 --> 00:23:13,440
1091
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ seconds ุงูŠุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ that's
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:13,440 --> 00:23:21,130
1095
+ seven meter per second ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:21,130 --> 00:23:27,670
1099
+ ุจู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:27,670 --> 00:23:29,610
1103
+ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:29,610 --> 00:23:33,390
1107
+ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:33,390 --> 00:23:34,250
1111
+ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:34,250 --> 00:23:34,430
1115
+ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:34,430 --> 00:23:36,250
1119
+ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:36,250 --> 00:23:41,290
1123
+ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:41,290 --> 00:23:47,210
1127
+ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:47,210 --> 00:23:51,710
1131
+ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ุซูˆุงู†ู‰ although it would probably have taken
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:51,710 --> 00:23:55,470
1135
+ longer this would have resulting in deceleration
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:55,470 --> 00:23:58,470
1139
+ of two point three ุงูŠุด ุงู„ unit ุชุจุนุช ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:58,470 --> 00:24:02,910
1143
+ deceleration ู†ูุณู‡ุง meter per second square
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:02,910 --> 00:24:11,890
1147
+ expressed as in g ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ุงุฏ in g ุงู„ two point three
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:11,890 --> 00:24:20,120
1151
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุชู„ุช ู†ู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุทas a g force that
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:20,120 --> 00:24:25,500
1155
+ gives 0.23 less than one third of deceleration
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:25,500 --> 00:24:29,780
1159
+ generated by a car breaking heavily ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:29,780 --> 00:24:34,020
1163
+ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ assumption ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒู‡ ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:34,020 --> 00:24:41,640
1167
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ deceleration ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 0.23 g force ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:41,640 --> 00:24:46,710
1171
+ 2.3 ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉูˆุนู…ู„ุช breaking heavy ุงูŠุด
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:46,710 --> 00:24:52,370
1175
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฑูƒุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุจูŠุตุฏู…ูˆุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุณ ุจูŠู…ูˆุชูˆุด
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:52,370 --> 00:24:57,510
1179
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง so the impact probably
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:57,510 --> 00:25:00,650
1183
+ wouldn't have caused too much of a shock to the
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:00,650 --> 00:25:04,350
1187
+ passengers whether or not the ship would have sunk
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:04,350 --> 00:25:08,390
1191
+ however is another story ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:08,390 --> 00:25:14,050
1195
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู„ุช ุตุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆู‚ู ูุฌุฃุฉุฃูˆ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:14,050 --> 00:25:20,500
1199
+ ุจุชุถุฑุจ ุฏุฑูƒุงุช ูุฌุฃุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ุงู†ู‡ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ู…ุงุชุบุฑู‚ุด
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:20,500 --> 00:25:25,260
1203
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ุตุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:25,260 --> 00:25:30,340
1207
+ ุจู†ุญูƒ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:30,340 --> 00:25:35,360
1211
+ Titanic ุจุณ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠ ุงูˆ ู…ู†ุธูˆุฑ scientific
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:35,360 --> 00:25:38,540
1215
+ data
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:38,540 --> 00:25:43,000
1219
+ ูุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆูุณุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุจุจู‚ูˆู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:46,760
1223
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุงูƒู†ุชุด ุชุบุฑู‚ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ term
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:46,760 --> 00:25:52,890
1227
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:52,890 --> 00:25:56,570
1231
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ tools ุงู„ screws ูˆ ุงู„ nuts ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:56,570 --> 00:26:00,270
1235
+ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ nuts ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ spanner ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:00,270 --> 00:26:04,690
1239
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ spanner ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุงู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุฏุงุฌุฉ ุงููƒู‡ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:04,690 --> 00:26:09,610
1243
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุนู…ู„ generation ุฒูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุฏุฑุงุน ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:09,610 --> 00:26:15,110
1247
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุทูˆู„ุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุน ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงูŠุด ุนู…ู„ุชู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุฒู… ุงูƒุจุฑ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:15,110 --> 00:26:19,530
1251
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉreplace the underlined word and expression
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:19,530 --> 00:26:24,050
1255
+ with alternative word and expression from a and b
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:24,050 --> 00:26:27,770
1259
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ first diagram below ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:27,770 --> 00:26:33,610
1263
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ below illustrates how a worker is able to
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:33,610 --> 00:26:39,010
1267
+ apply total force of fifty newtons to the corner
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:39,010 --> 00:26:43,790
1271
+ of a nut using just his fingers ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุฏู‰
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:43,790 --> 00:26:47,980
1275
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู†ูŠูˆุชู† ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏูŠุงู† ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:47,980 --> 00:26:55,200
1279
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุตุญุŸ ุดูˆุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุฒุฌูŠ ุจุฑุบูŠ ุณู…ูˆู†ุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:55,200 --> 00:27:00,580
1283
+ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงูˆู„ ู„ูุงุช ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏุงุด
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:00,580 --> 00:27:05,340
1287
+ ูŠุญุฒุฌ ุชุธุจุทุด ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุฏุด .. ู‚ุฏุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจู†ุฏุฑู†ุงู‡ุŸ ู‚ุฏุด
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:05,340 --> 00:27:08,820
1291
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจู†ุฏุฑู†ุงู‡ุŸ ุจุนุฑูุด ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ .. ููŠ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:08,820 --> 00:27:14,670
1295
+ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุญุฒุฌ ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชููƒูŠ ู…ู† ูˆุฑุงู‡ู…ูˆ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุณูˆุงุก ..
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:14,670 --> 00:27:18,750
1299
+ ุจุนุฑู ููŠ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุฑ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุญุฐู‚ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจูŠุฏู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุงุช
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:18,750 --> 00:27:24,370
1303
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠููƒู‡ุง ุจุณ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:24,370 --> 00:27:31,270
1307
+ ุชููƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุทูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:31,270 --> 00:27:36,070
1311
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุชุบู„ูˆุง ู…ู‡ู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃูˆ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:36,070 --> 00:27:40,390
1315
+ ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุญุฏูŠุซ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠูˆุง ุงู„ุฌุจุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ูุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:40,390 --> 00:27:46,420
1319
+ ูŠุญุฐู‚ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุญูƒูŠุชูƒู…ุฎููŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:46,420 --> 00:27:52,780
1323
+ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู…ุนุงูƒู… ูุงู„ููˆู‚ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ force ุฅูŠู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:52,780 --> 00:27:57,950
1327
+ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ effortsุงุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธู†ุงู‡ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:57,950 --> 00:28:01,950
1331
+ ููŠ .. ููŠ part ุชุจุน ุงู„ symbol machine ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู†
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:01,950 --> 00:28:08,130
1335
+ ุงู„ word force effort ูˆุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ force generated of
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:08,130 --> 00:28:11,770
1339
+ fifty newtons in the corner of a nut using just
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:11,770 --> 00:28:17,450
1343
+ his finger the distance from the center of the nut
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:17,450 --> 00:28:22,810
1347
+ the points of the nuts the point around which the
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:22,810 --> 00:28:29,030
1351
+ nut turns ุงูŠุด turns ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸpivot ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ pivot
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:29,030 --> 00:28:35,730
1355
+ ุจุชู„ู ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ turn ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:35,730 --> 00:28:39,230
1359
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง turn ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ pivot ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุงู†ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:39,230 --> 00:28:43,470
1363
+ ุฃุญุท ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุจู„ู ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:43,470 --> 00:28:48,010
1367
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ pivot point ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุญุท ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:48,010 --> 00:28:51,530
1371
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ pivot point ุงู„
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:51,530 --> 00:28:54,650
1375
+ pivot point ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:54,650 --> 00:29:02,130
1379
+ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰and the corner of the nuts is 10
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:02,130 --> 00:29:06,190
1383
+ millimeter ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:06,190 --> 00:29:10,110
1387
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ุงู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ูŠุฏ 10 millimeter ุงู„ุงู† 10
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:10,110 --> 00:29:14,550
1391
+ millimeter ุถุงุฑุจ fifty newtons ู‚ุฏุฑุด ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ู‰ ุงู„ 10
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:14,550 --> 00:29:19,770
1395
+ millimeter ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุณุงูˆู‰ ููŠ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ meter
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:19,770 --> 00:29:22,830
1399
+ point o ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:25,340 --> 00:29:32,100
1403
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‰ ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ 50 ุถุงุฑุจ 0.01 ู…ุชุฑ ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:32,100 --> 00:29:36,640
1407
+ 0.5 ู†ูŠูˆุชู† ู…ุชุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูˆ ุงู„ moment
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:36,640 --> 00:29:43,640
1411
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ spanner ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ and
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:43,640 --> 00:29:47,120
1415
+ the corner is thin the results in a force of
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:47,120 --> 00:29:53,600
1419
+ leverage of 0.5 ู†ูŠูˆุชู† ู…ุชุฑ ุงู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:53,600 --> 00:30:00,140
1423
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุงู„ู€ moment ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง okay this is
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:00,140 --> 00:30:05,900
1427
+ insufficient to tighten the nuts properly ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:05,900 --> 00:30:12,780
1431
+ ู…ุด ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุด ุงุนู…ู„ ู„ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุงู„ุณู…ูˆู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ second
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:12,780 --> 00:30:18,560
1435
+ diagram show how a spanner can be used as a tool
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:18,560 --> 00:30:24,310
1439
+ to .. ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ .. to provide .. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ toolsimple
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:24,310 --> 00:30:30,670
1443
+ machine ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ simple machine to
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:30,670 --> 00:30:37,170
1447
+ provide a boost in force ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:37,170 --> 00:30:42,730
1451
+ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง mechanical advantage ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู†ูุณ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:42,730 --> 00:30:47,630
1455
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ mechanical advantage applying
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:47,630 --> 00:30:49,510
1459
+ the same 50 newton force
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:54,590 --> 00:30:58,610
1463
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุง applying 50 newton force to the end
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:58,610 --> 00:31:05,890
1467
+ of a 200 millimeter spanner which will act as a
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:05,890 --> 00:31:12,390
1471
+ turning tool ุงูŠุด ุงู„ turning toolุŸ liverู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:12,390 --> 00:31:18,490
1475
+ ุชุฌุนู„ 10 ู†ูŠูˆุชู† ู…ุชุฑ ูุฑุตุฉ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:18,490 --> 00:31:25,370
1479
+ 20 ู…ุฑุงุช ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ุชุญุทู… ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:25,370 --> 00:31:30,290
1483
+ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:30,290 --> 00:31:38,540
1487
+ ุงู„ุจูŠู‡ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ 20 ู…ุฑุงุชุงู„ุดุบู„ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ twenty
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:38,540 --> 00:31:41,880
1491
+ times greater and enough to tighten the nuts
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:41,880 --> 00:31:45,780
1495
+ ูˆูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุณูˆู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ simple
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:45,780 --> 00:31:51,000
1499
+ machine ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุทู„ุนู†ุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:56,220
1503
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูุงู„ simple machine ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ู†
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:56,220 --> 00:31:58,920
1507
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏูŠูƒ ุชุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ mechanical
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:58,920 --> 00:32:06,690
1511
+ advantage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸboost in force ุงู„ู€ turning tool
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:32:06,690 --> 00:32:14,030
1515
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง liver ุงู„ tool ุงู„ simple machine ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:14,030 --> 00:32:20,170
1519
+ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ tool ุงู„ force of leveragemoment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:20,170 --> 00:32:23,950
1523
+ ุงู„ force ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ effort ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู„
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:23,950 --> 00:32:28,730
1527
+ terms ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ pivot ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ุนู†ุฏู‰
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:28,730 --> 00:32:33,810
1531
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุฑู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ C ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:33,810 --> 00:32:41,800
1535
+ ุนุฏุฉ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุจุณ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ู†ู„ุฎุต ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฃู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:41,800 --> 00:32:44,520
1539
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุนุดุงู† ุชุจู‚ูˆุง ุฏุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุง
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:44,520 --> 00:32:48,960
1543
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฑูˆุญูŠู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ force ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:48,960 --> 00:32:52,620
1547
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ effort ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ velocity ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:52,620 --> 00:32:56,700
1551
+ ุงู„ rate of velocity ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ ุงูŠุด acceleration ุงูˆ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:56,700 --> 00:33:01,240
1555
+ deceleration ุงู„ุงู†
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:01,240 --> 00:33:06,040
1559
+ ุงู„ motion ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง linear motion ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:33:06,040 --> 00:33:13,050
1563
+ nonlinear ุงูˆ circular motionุงู„ุงู† acceleration due
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:33:13,050 --> 00:33:18,690
1567
+ to gravity ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ G force ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณูˆู‰ 10
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:18,690 --> 00:33:23,870
1571
+ ู…ุชุฑ per second square ุจุชุณูˆู‰ 1 G force ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:33:23,870 --> 00:33:28,770
1575
+ inertia ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ resistance to acceleration or
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:33:28,770 --> 00:33:35,020
1579
+ deceleration due to the mass of the objectุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:33:35,020 --> 00:33:39,000
1583
+ simple machine ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ simple machine ุงูŠุด ุงู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:42,620
1587
+ tool ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ tool ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† simple machine
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:42,620 --> 00:33:47,880
1591
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ mechanical advantage ุงู„
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:33:47,880 --> 00:33:56,820
1595
+ efforts ูˆ ุงู„ lever ูˆ ุงู„ moment ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูุฌุฑ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:33:57,420 --> 00:34:01,360
1599
+ ุบุทูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ูŠุงู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ chapter
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:01,360 --> 00:34:07,020
1603
+ ุจุณ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุณู‰ ุญุถุฑูˆ ุญุงู„ูƒู… ุนุณุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู‡ูŠ ููŠ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:34:07,020 --> 00:34:09,600
1607
+ quiz ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฏูƒุฑู‡ุง
1608
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,1220 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:26,470
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณูˆู ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู‚ุตุฉ ุชุงุฑูŠ ูˆุงู† ุชุงุฑูŠ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,470 --> 00:00:31,770
7
+ ูˆุงู† ุชุงุฑูŠ ูˆุงู† ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู‚ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,770 --> 00:00:37,690
11
+ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุณูˆู ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ูู‡ู… ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:37,690 --> 00:00:44,190
15
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุช ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุช
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:44,190 --> 00:00:50,090
19
+ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌุŸ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:54,330 --> 00:00:58,550
23
+ this is the compression force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุท
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:58,550 --> 00:01:06,350
27
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจู†ูุฎ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:06,350 --> 00:01:12,510
31
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ get crushed ุงู„ compression ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:12,510 --> 00:01:17,650
35
+ crushing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุทุจู‚ ุงู„ุดุบู„ tension ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงูŠุด
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:17,650 --> 00:01:23,330
39
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ bowling ุดุฏุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุช get thinner
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:23,330 --> 00:01:30,610
43
+ this
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:30,610 --> 00:01:36,630
47
+ is called bending ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููˆู‚ุŸ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:36,630 --> 00:01:40,110
51
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู‡ู†ุง compression ูˆ ุชุญุช ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ stretching
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:40,110 --> 00:01:43,950
55
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง .. ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:43,950 --> 00:01:46,830
59
+ compression ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุจูŠุญุตู„
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:46,830 --> 00:01:48,930
63
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ stretching ุชู…ุบุท
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:51,810 --> 00:01:56,990
67
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Trojan force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูˆูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:56,990 --> 00:02:02,510
71
+ ุชู†ุณุชูˆูŠุณุช an object ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู„ู ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:02,510 --> 00:02:05,630
75
+ object ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู‡ุง ุจุนุถ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:05,630 --> 00:02:10,830
79
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุถุนูŠูุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‡ุง
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:10,830 --> 00:02:14,810
83
+ ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ share force share
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:14,810 --> 00:02:20,800
87
+ force ู‚ูˆุชูŠู† ุฌุงูŠุงุช ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุชุนุงู…ุฏุงุช ุฌุงู†ุจ ุจุนุถูˆ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:20,800 --> 00:02:24,220
91
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ููˆู‚ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ .. ู‡ุงุฐ ุงูŠุด ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:24,220 --> 00:02:31,200
95
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ Now
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:31,200 --> 00:02:32,840
99
+ we gonna go into details
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:35,970 --> 00:02:38,950
103
+ type of forces and deformation type of failures
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:38,950 --> 00:02:43,750
107
+ then we gonna do couple of exercises now we have
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:43,750 --> 00:02:48,130
111
+ non technical words technical words adjectives and
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:48,130 --> 00:02:53,830
115
+ the meaning of them stretching ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุด ุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:53,830 --> 00:02:58,950
119
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ุฃูŠุด technical tensionTensile stress
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:58,950 --> 00:03:02,690
123
+ ุงู„objective it will extend in length ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:02,690 --> 00:03:06,810
127
+ ุชุจุญู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุจูŠู‡ุง ุจุงุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:06,810 --> 00:03:10,910
131
+ ุงู„ู…ุบูŠุทุฉ ูˆุงุณุญุจูŠู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุชุจุญู‡ุง ุฒุงุฏ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:10,910 --> 00:03:18,020
135
+ squashing ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸnot ุบุทุฎุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู† .. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:18,020 --> 00:03:22,360
139
+ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุฒุบุฑ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง high squash compression
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:22,360 --> 00:03:27,300
143
+ compressive stress it will compress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ get
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:27,300 --> 00:03:33,600
147
+ shorter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุตุฑ ุจู†ู‚ุตุฑ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ bending ุงู„ non
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:33,600 --> 00:03:36,940
151
+ technical ุงู„ technical bending bending stress it
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:36,940 --> 00:03:41,760
155
+ will bend we can also say it will deflect or ุชู„ุนู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:49,820
159
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ deflect orflex deflect ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุจุช
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:49,820 --> 00:03:54,440
163
+ .. ุจุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฑุฏุฉ ูุนู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:54,440 --> 00:04:03,000
167
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณุฉ ู‡ูŠ flex beams usually sag ุงูŠุด sagุŸ ุชู†ุฒู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:09,530
171
+ ู„ุชุญุชูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ุฅูŠุด
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:09,530 --> 00:04:13,370
175
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุชูŠ ุญุจู„ุŒ ุฃุจุณุท ุดูŠุกุŒ ุดุฏุชูŠู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:13,370 --> 00:04:17,670
179
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตุŸ ู…ุด ุฎุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:17,670 --> 00:04:22,470
183
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุฃูˆุทุฉ ูˆู„ูˆ ุจู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑุงุช ุนู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:22,470 --> 00:04:27,590
187
+ ููŠ ูุนู„ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ููŠู‡ ูุจุชู†ุฒู„ู‡ุŒ ูุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุฅูŠุด
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:27,590 --> 00:04:32,100
191
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ SagุŒ ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู€ voltage ุนู†ุฏูƒุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠุณูŠู‡ ููŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:32,100 --> 00:04:36,160
195
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุจุนูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Trans ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:42,340
199
+ ุงู„ู€ 220 ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ Sag ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู†ุฒู„ุช
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:44,160 --> 00:04:48,620
203
+ deflecting downwards in some cases deflection on
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:48,620 --> 00:04:54,280
207
+ the flexure is upward the beam hugs ุงู„ beam
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:54,280 --> 00:04:58,500
211
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ hugs ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ deflection upward
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:58,500 --> 00:05:03,070
215
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠscissoring ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุตุŒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุต ุจูŠุนู…ู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:03,070 --> 00:05:07,390
219
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู†ุŒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุทู„ู‚ ู…ู† ุชุญุชุŒ ุจุชุถุบุท ู„ููˆู‚ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:07,390 --> 00:05:11,230
223
+ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุจุชุถุบุท ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุชุญุชุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุต
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:11,230 --> 00:05:15,710
227
+ ู…ุด ู…ุชุนู…ุฏุงู† ุฌู† ุจุนุถุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง share or
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:15,710 --> 00:05:19,430
231
+ sharing ูˆ share stress it will deform very little
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:19,430 --> 00:05:25,930
235
+ failing suddenly ูุฌุฃุฉ ุชู†ู‚ุทุนtwisting ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู„ูู‡ุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:25,930 --> 00:05:30,710
239
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง torsion torque ุงูˆ torsional stress it will
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:30,710 --> 00:05:34,750
243
+ twist ุจุชู„ู ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:34,750 --> 00:05:38,270
247
+ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุจู†ุดุฏ ููŠู‡
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:38,270 --> 00:05:42,990
251
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุถุบุท ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ bending ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ torsion
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:42,990 --> 00:05:48,090
255
+ ุจู†ู„ู ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง shear ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ููˆู‚ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุชุญุช
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:49,820 --> 00:05:54,500
259
+ Bending compromises two opposite stresses, tension
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:54,500 --> 00:05:58,620
263
+ and compression. This is shown in the diagram of
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:58,620 --> 00:06:02,800
267
+ assembly supported beam ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:02,800 --> 00:06:06,750
271
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ top ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ bottomุงู„ู€ top ุนู†ุฏูŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:06,750 --> 00:06:12,370
275
+ compression stress ูˆ ุงู„ bottom tensile stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:12,370 --> 00:06:17,410
279
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุดุฏ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุถุบุท ุฎุท ุงู„ู†ุต ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ neutral
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:17,410 --> 00:06:21,430
283
+ axis ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูŠ stress ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:21,430 --> 00:06:26,660
287
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุนุฏุฏุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุฏู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุณูู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:26,660 --> 00:06:30,880
291
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:30,880 --> 00:06:34,020
295
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:34,020 --> 00:06:34,040
299
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:36,340
303
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:36,340 --> 00:06:37,020
307
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:37,020 --> 00:06:37,600
311
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:37,600 --> 00:06:41,120
315
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:41,120 --> 00:06:41,200
319
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:52,730 --> 00:06:57,730
323
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง and progressively decreasing to zero at a
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:57,730 --> 00:07:01,610
327
+ neutral zone ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:01,610 --> 00:07:05,230
331
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุนุฏุฏ and imaginary line along the center of
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:05,230 --> 00:07:09,190
335
+ the beam which is free from stress ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:09,190 --> 00:07:14,050
339
+ ุถุบุท types of failure ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠู„ูŠุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:14,050 --> 00:07:17,270
343
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุดู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ultimate failure of a
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:17,270 --> 00:07:20,150
347
+ component or structure member depends on the type
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:20,150 --> 00:07:25,040
351
+ of forceintention it will fracture ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:25,040 --> 00:07:30,420
355
+ fractureุŸ ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุชู†ู‚ุทุน ู„ูˆ ุดุฏูŠุช ุฃุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:30,420 --> 00:07:34,920
359
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฑูุน ู„ุญุฏ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:34,920 --> 00:07:38,920
363
+ ุฏูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู„ูˆ ุดุฏูŠุชู‡ ู…ุบูŠุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:38,920 --> 00:07:43,800
367
+ ู‡ุชู†ู‚ุทุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ in compression if it's
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:47,900
371
+ stick it will crush or squash ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:47,900 --> 00:07:53,760
375
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุชุทุจู‚ ุตุญุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ crush ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุชุนู…ู„ crush
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:53,760 --> 00:08:01,320
379
+ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุช .. ุจุชุนุตุฑูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠูˆู‡ if it's slender
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:01,320 --> 00:08:07,380
383
+ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ slenderุŸ ุดุทุฑุงุช ู„ุงุฒู… ููŠู‡ุง slender ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:07,380 --> 00:08:11,320
387
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ุฑููŠุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ุฏุงูŠู…ุง slender
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:11,320 --> 00:08:16,190
391
+ girl ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฑููŠุนุฉ ูุจุฏูƒูˆุง ุชุญูุธูˆู‡ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:16,190 --> 00:08:19,610
395
+ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ูƒู… ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ู slender
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:19,610 --> 00:08:24,110
399
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ ูˆุฑููŠุน it will buckle bend out of shape ุฅูŠุด
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:24,110 --> 00:08:28,550
403
+ ุจุชุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู„ูˆ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:28,550 --> 00:08:32,730
407
+ ูˆุฑููŠุนุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู…ุด ุจุชูƒุณุฑุŒ ุจุชู†ุทุฌ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:32,730 --> 00:08:37,510
411
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชู†ุทุฌ ูˆ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ buckle
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:37,510 --> 00:08:41,990
415
+ buckle ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู†ุทุฌ ูˆ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:41,990 --> 00:08:48,360
419
+ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุฌุฑุจูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡in bending it will fracture
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:54,240
423
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ fractureุŸ ุชุดุฌู‚ ุชุดุฌู‚ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:54,240 --> 00:09:00,480
427
+ ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ ุชุญุณูŠ .. ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุดู‚ู‚ุงุช ุงู„ fracture in the
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:00,480 --> 00:09:03,220
431
+ side .. in the side of the component which is in
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:03,220 --> 00:09:06,900
435
+ tension or crush on the side which is in
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:06,900 --> 00:09:10,500
439
+ compression ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุนู…ู„ุชูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุถุบุทูŠุŒ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฌู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:10,500 --> 00:09:14,200
443
+ ุงู„ู…ุถุบูˆุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุดุฌู‚ ุงู„ุดุฌู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุฅูŠุด
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:14,200 --> 00:09:18,790
447
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸุจุชุญุณ ุฅู† ููŠู‡ ุถุบุท ุตุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชู†ุนุตุฑ ุฃูˆ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:18,790 --> 00:09:23,430
451
+ ุชุชุฌู…ุน ุฌุงู†ุจ ุจุนุถุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุฌุฑุจุช
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:23,430 --> 00:09:27,870
455
+ ู„ุจุนุถ ูˆุตุงุฑุช ุฎู…ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ููŠู‡ ุชุดู‚ู‚ุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:27,870 --> 00:09:32,650
459
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠor fail due to the compression of both ุงูˆ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:32,650 --> 00:09:38,630
463
+ ุจุชูุดู„ ูƒูƒู„ู‡ุง and shear if it will shear or break in
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:38,630 --> 00:09:42,790
467
+ to shear forces ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:42,790 --> 00:09:47,970
471
+ and torsion it will fracture or shear ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:47,970 --> 00:09:53,390
475
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุช ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ when vertical members
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:53,390 --> 00:09:59,370
479
+ can no longer resist a load they either crush or
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:59,850 --> 00:10:04,070
483
+ buckle ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุจุช ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุดูˆู ุฃู†ู‡
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:04,070 --> 00:10:08,230
487
+ ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:08,230 --> 00:10:14,930
491
+ ุจุชู„ุชูˆูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจุชู†ุทุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:14,930 --> 00:10:19,630
495
+ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ crush ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุชุชุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฅูŠุด
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:19,630 --> 00:10:23,510
499
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณู„ูƒ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุชู† ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:23,510 --> 00:10:28,300
503
+ ุดุงูŠูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง buckleุชู†ุชู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:28,300 --> 00:10:31,340
507
+ slender ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุถุบุท ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:31,340 --> 00:10:38,120
511
+ ุชู†ุชู†ูŠ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:42,120
515
+ buckling ุงู„ุงู†
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:46,880
519
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุช ุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู‡
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:46,880 --> 00:10:54,720
523
+ ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒูˆุง ุงุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุจู†ุชdownward ุงูŠุด
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:54,720 --> 00:10:58,360
527
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ voltage ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:58,360 --> 00:11:04,220
531
+ ู†ู†ุฒู„ ุงูŠุด ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ sag ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ู‡ุงูŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:04,220 --> 00:11:10,220
535
+ ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุฏู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู†ุฒู„ ู„ุชุญุช ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ sag ูู‡ุฐุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:10,220 --> 00:11:17,320
539
+ ุจู†ุญุท ูƒู„ู…ุฉ sag ุทูŠุจ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:20,120
543
+ a twisting force ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:29,340 --> 00:11:35,200
547
+ take a force without a breaking ู„ุฃ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:42,360
551
+ ู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุช
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:42,360 --> 00:11:50,960
555
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ resist ุชู‚ุงูˆู… resistance ู…ู‚ุงูˆู… ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸุงู„ู€
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:50,960 --> 00:11:55,180
559
+ Resistance ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุง
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:55,180 --> 00:12:00,660
563
+ ูˆู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Palestinian
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:00,660 --> 00:12:04,720
567
+ Resistance ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูู€ Resist
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:04,720 --> 00:12:15,340
571
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ Increase
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:15,340 --> 00:12:21,670
575
+ in length due totension ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„ increase ุงู†ุง
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:21,670 --> 00:12:29,570
579
+ ุจุณุญุจ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ expand ู‡ูŠ stretch ุงู‡ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:29,570 --> 00:12:33,130
583
+ ู‚ุงู„ increase in length ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ increase ุงูŠุด
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:33,130 --> 00:12:39,710
587
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง expansion ู expand
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:39,710 --> 00:12:48,480
591
+ ุฏู‡ ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจุนู…ู„ ุจูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุฏุงlong
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:48,480 --> 00:12:57,100
595
+ and thin likely ุฅูŠุด slender ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:57,100 --> 00:13:01,520
599
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุญูุธูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู†ุณูˆู‡ุง ุนุดุงู†
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:01,520 --> 00:13:05,680
603
+ ู‡ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุชู„ูƒ ุฅูŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฅูŠุด ุชู„ุฒู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ memory
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:05,680 --> 00:13:15,020
607
+ scissoring force ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ shear ุฅูŠุด
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:15,020 --> 00:13:20,930
611
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุนู†ุฏู‰ุงู„ู€ stress ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฒุฌุช
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:20,930 --> 00:13:29,470
615
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุจูŠุตุญุตุญู†ุง ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:29,470 --> 00:13:34,690
619
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:34,690 --> 00:13:39,110
623
+ ุงู„ุงู† what we need the question below which was
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:39,110 --> 00:13:46,790
627
+ posted on a form ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ formุŸุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงุทุฑูŠู† ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:46,790 --> 00:13:51,630
631
+ ู…ู„ุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ net ุงู„ู…ู„ุชู‚ูŠุงุช
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:51,630 --> 00:13:55,710
635
+ on a construction website contains a mistake about
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:55,710 --> 00:13:59,390
639
+ technical fact can you find the mistake look at
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:59,390 --> 00:14:04,510
643
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ I was under the impression that concrete
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:04,510 --> 00:14:08,530
647
+ and steel parts were used together in reinforced
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:08,530 --> 00:14:13,270
651
+ concrete ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ I was under the
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:13,270 --> 00:14:22,280
655
+ impressionุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุจุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู†ุงุฎุฏ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:22,280 --> 00:14:26,480
659
+ ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุญุฑููŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุจุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ under the
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:26,480 --> 00:14:31,140
663
+ impression ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏูŠ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:31,140 --> 00:14:35,340
667
+ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุด ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ under the impression
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:35,340 --> 00:14:41,180
671
+ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏุŒ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุชู‚ุฏุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:41,180 --> 00:14:48,320
675
+ that concrete and steel ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ were used
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:51,800
679
+ together ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ in reinforce concrete ููŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:51,800 --> 00:14:55,000
683
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญ because concrete is good at
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:55,000 --> 00:15:00,160
687
+ resisting compression ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ concrete
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:00,160 --> 00:15:06,770
691
+ ุจู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุถุบุทwhile ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ and poor at
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:06,770 --> 00:15:11,870
695
+ resisting its tension ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ู„ูˆ ุดุฏุชู‡ ุจูŠุฌุนุจ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:11,870 --> 00:15:19,050
699
+ ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุถุบุทู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุธู„ูˆุง ุจู‚ุงูˆู… whereas ุงู„ steel is
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:19,050 --> 00:15:24,830
703
+ strong in tension ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุณุญุจู‡ ุฌูˆูŠ ุจุชุญู…ู„ ูุงุญู†ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:24,830 --> 00:15:31,430
707
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจู‚ุงูˆู… ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ bending forceI also
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:31,430 --> 00:15:36,630
711
+ taught that the steel always went at the bottom of
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:36,630 --> 00:15:40,610
715
+ the reinforced concrete beam ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจู‚ุงู‡ู…ุŒ ุฃู†ุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:40,610 --> 00:15:45,390
719
+ ุจุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ hand ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุญุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญุตู„ุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:45,390 --> 00:15:48,590
723
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ tension ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ compressionุŒ ุตุญุŸ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:48,590 --> 00:15:54,330
727
+ ูุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ concrete ููˆู‚ ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุชุญุชุŒ ูู‡ูˆ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:54,330 --> 00:15:59,400
731
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠalways went at the bottom of a
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:59,400 --> 00:16:04,040
735
+ RC reinforced beam because that's the part that's
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:04,040 --> 00:16:10,260
739
+ in tension whereas the top of the beam is free
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:10,260 --> 00:16:18,300
743
+ from stress ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุถุบุท But if
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:18,300 --> 00:16:22,080
747
+ that's the case when you see reinforcements being
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:33,860
751
+ fixed in the big RCB why are there bars both at
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:33,860 --> 00:16:37,500
755
+ the bottom and the topุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:37,500 --> 00:16:43,570
759
+ ุจุดูˆูู‡ู… ููˆู‚ ู„ูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููˆู‚ ูˆุญุฏูŠุฏ ุชุญุชุŸุฅูŠุด
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:43,570 --> 00:16:48,270
763
+ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:48,270 --> 00:16:53,870
767
+ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ because that's the part in tension ูˆูŠู†
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:53,870 --> 00:16:58,290
771
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ part ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุŸ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:58,290 --> 00:17:03,050
775
+ I thought that the steel always went at the bottom
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:03,050 --> 00:17:05,950
779
+ of the .. because that's the part in tension
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:05,950 --> 00:17:10,090
783
+ whereas the top of the beam is free from stress
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:10,090 --> 00:17:18,430
787
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญุŸุงู„ู€ top ุฅูŠุด ู…ุด free ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด compression
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:18,430 --> 00:17:23,330
791
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง if the .. but if that
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:23,330 --> 00:17:25,930
795
+ the case when you see the reinforcements being
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:25,930 --> 00:17:31,890
799
+ forced in .. fixed in big RCBM why are there bars
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:31,890 --> 00:17:35,650
803
+ at both the bottom and the top ูุงุญู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:35,650 --> 00:17:41,190
807
+ .. ุงู„ top ู…ุด free of ุฅูŠุด stress ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:41,950
811
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:46,140 --> 00:17:49,540
815
+ ุทุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ the top of the
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:49,540 --> 00:17:52,200
819
+ beam is compression the part of the beam which is
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:58,060
823
+ free from stress is the neutral axis ู…ุด ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:58,060 --> 00:18:01,740
827
+ top of the .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:01,740 --> 00:18:06,260
831
+ free stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ neutral
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:06,260 --> 00:18:11,060
835
+ ู‡ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ compression ูˆู‡ู†ุง
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:11,060 --> 00:18:11,480
839
+ tension
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:18,620 --> 00:18:23,100
843
+ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุฃู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ exercise ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:23,100 --> 00:18:27,440
847
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ in the box ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:27,440 --> 00:18:30,900
851
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุญุทู„ ููŠุงู‡ู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:30,900 --> 00:18:35,680
855
+ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงุฎุชุงุฑูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู…ุงุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุงุด ู‡ุฐู‡
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:41,320
859
+ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูุงุฏูŠุŒ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุนุจุฉ ู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ุง
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:48,060
863
+ ูุญุทูŠู†ุง multiple choice ู„ูƒู…ุŒ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ู‡ูŠ ุงู‡ ุจุณ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:48,060 --> 00:18:53,740
867
+ ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุชูƒ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:53,740 --> 00:19:00,880
871
+ ุจู†ุญุทู„ูƒ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงูˆ match ุจู†ุนู…ู„ูƒู…ุŒ ู„ุฃ ุงู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:00,880 --> 00:19:05,880
875
+ matching ุณู‡ู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:05,880 --> 00:19:09,680
879
+ hand ูˆุนู‚ู ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ hand ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ matchingุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:09,680 --> 00:19:14,700
883
+ ุงูŠูˆุฉ let me start by clarifying somethingุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:14,700 --> 00:19:18,990
887
+ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠุŸlet me start by clarifying something ูŠุนู†ูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:18,990 --> 00:19:23,870
891
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ุดูŠุก when a beam is
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:23,870 --> 00:19:29,870
895
+ subjected to ุฅูŠุด stress? bending stress ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:29,870 --> 00:19:35,910
899
+ bendingุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:35,910 --> 00:19:45,020
903
+ forces bending stress ูˆู‡ูŠ bending ุทูŠุฑู†ุงู‡ุงุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:45,020 --> 00:19:48,820
907
+ the bottom part is generally in tension ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:48,820 --> 00:19:53,860
911
+ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŸ tension as
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:53,860 --> 00:19:57,200
915
+ you rightly say but the top part is not free from
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:57,200 --> 00:20:01,180
919
+ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง as you suggest
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:01,180 --> 00:20:05,940
923
+ it's in compressionุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ู‡ุฐุง tensionุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:20:05,940 --> 00:20:10,440
927
+ bendingุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ compression ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:12,620
931
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุณู‡ู„ุŒ ู‡ุงุฏ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุจุนุถ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:15,480 --> 00:20:23,980
935
+ ุงู„ุงู† only the horizontal central line of
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:23,980 --> 00:20:29,760
939
+ the beam a zone called neutral axis
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:41,780 --> 00:20:45,480
943
+ is not stressed it's also important to be clear
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:49,660
947
+ about the strengths of concrete and steel you're
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:49,660 --> 00:20:54,320
951
+ right that concrete is poor at resisting tension
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:54,320 --> 00:21:01,040
955
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ shed ุฅูŠุด ุจุธุจุทุด ููŠู‡ ูˆู‡ูŠ tension ู‡ุงูŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:01,040 --> 00:21:04,560
959
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:06,110 --> 00:21:14,630
963
+ stress as it's born to failure by ุฅูŠุด suddenly ุฅูŠุด
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:14,630 --> 00:21:22,010
967
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง fracture ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆูŠู† fracture ู‡ูŠู‡ุง to
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:22,010 --> 00:21:25,990
971
+ fracturing ุงู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:25,990 --> 00:21:29,730
975
+ ุฅูŠุด tensile
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:29,730 --> 00:21:41,430
979
+ tensile ูˆูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ููˆู‚ุฃู‡ ุทูŠุจ ููˆู‚ ุชู†ุตุงู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ fracturing
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:41,430 --> 00:21:48,490
983
+ ุทูŠุจ it's also true that concrete is a good at
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:48,490 --> 00:21:54,730
987
+ resisting stress compression ุฃูˆ compressive stress
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:54,730 --> 00:22:00,810
991
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ compression ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:22:00,810 --> 00:22:05,680
995
+ ุงู„ noun compressive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ adjectiveูˆู„ูƒู†
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:05,680 --> 00:22:11,760
999
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intention
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:11,760 --> 00:22:18,680
1003
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒู…ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุนูŠู† ุฃู† ุชุดูŠุฑ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:18,680 --> 00:22:25,160
1007
+ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุทู…ุฉุŒ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:25,160 --> 00:22:30,620
1011
+ ูุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชู…ุถูŠ ููŠ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุชุณุจุจ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:30,620 --> 00:22:34,990
1015
+ ุจุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุทู…ุฉู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:34,990 --> 00:22:38,550
1019
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:38,550 --> 00:22:41,550
1023
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ compression ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:41,550 --> 00:22:45,950
1027
+ concrete ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ุด ูƒุงููŠ ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:45,950 --> 00:22:52,230
1031
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณู‚ูˆูุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุฃุณูู„ ูˆ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:52,230 --> 00:22:58,420
1035
+ ููˆู‚ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุถุบุท ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุด
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:58,420 --> 00:23:03,960
1039
+ ูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุดูŠู„ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:03,960 --> 00:23:08,100
1043
+ weight meaning that the concrete requires
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:08,100 --> 00:23:11,580
1047
+ reinforcing to prevent it from ุงูŠุด and failing
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:11,580 --> 00:23:18,740
1051
+ crushing and failing ุงู„ crushing ุงูŠุดุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:18,740 --> 00:23:24,200
1055
+ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ another possible reason for a beam having
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:24,200 --> 00:23:29,000
1059
+ steel in the top is to take tension ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุงุฎุฏ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:31,740
1063
+ ุงู„ุถุบุท why would you get tension in the top of a
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:31,740 --> 00:23:37,540
1067
+ beam it's true that most beams want to ุงูŠุด deflect
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:37,540 --> 00:23:43,680
1071
+ downward ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนุธู… ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุณูƒู ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ where
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:43,680 --> 00:23:53,730
1075
+ downward ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠdeflect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุณุนุฉ because
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:53,730 --> 00:23:59,050
1079
+ of gravity ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชุถุบุท
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:59,050 --> 00:24:06,050
1083
+ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฃุณูู„ because gravity causes them to ุงูŠุดุŸ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:06,050 --> 00:24:11,530
1087
+ ุณุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ gravity ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชู†ุฒู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:11,530 --> 00:24:17,750
1091
+ ู„ุฃุณูู„ ุณุงุฌ ู‡ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุงุฐุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงุญู†ุง
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:17,750 --> 00:24:21,410
1095
+ ุจู†ุชุณุงูˆู‰ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุงุด ุงู„ bending force ู‡ุฐุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:21,410 --> 00:24:26,830
1099
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุฐุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ putting only the bottom of
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:26,830 --> 00:24:30,290
1103
+ the beam in tension but in some structure there
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:30,290 --> 00:24:36,330
1107
+ are beams or part of the beams that want to ุงูŠุด to
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:36,330 --> 00:24:36,790
1111
+ hug
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:43,260 --> 00:24:46,980
1115
+ ุงู„ู€ hug ุฅูŠุด .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ hug
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:46,980 --> 00:24:53,660
1119
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ุญุฏู‡ ูˆ ุจุฏูŠุด
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:53,660 --> 00:24:57,500
1123
+ ุฃุฑุฌุน ุฅูŠุด ุจุฃุนู…ู„ุŸ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:57,500 --> 00:25:01,920
1127
+ ุจุชู…ุณูƒู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ hug ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒุŒ ุงู„ุญุถู† ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ู„ูˆ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:25:01,920 --> 00:25:06,080
1131
+ ุจุชุณูƒุจ ูู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŸ ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุฑูุน ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงูŠุŒ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:06,080 --> 00:25:08,420
1135
+ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุนุงูƒุณุฉ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:10,450 --> 00:25:13,830
1139
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุงูŠ ูู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ู‡ุง force into
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:13,830 --> 00:25:18,530
1143
+ upward deflection ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณุฉ ู„ููˆู‚ ุงู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:18,530 --> 00:25:24,170
1147
+ deflection ู‡ุงูŠ ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ู„ู…ุง ุชุถุบุท
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:24,170 --> 00:25:28,550
1151
+ ุน ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุชุณูŠุจูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุชุฑุชูุน ู„ููˆู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:28,550 --> 00:25:32,890
1155
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุงูŠ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ุณูƒ ูุงู†ุช ุจุชุฒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ ุฒู…ุจุงุฑูƒ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:32,890 --> 00:25:39,660
1159
+ ุชุถุบุท ุชุณูŠุจูŠู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ high
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:25:39,660 --> 00:25:43,400
1163
+ ูุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฃูˆู„ุง ุงู„ type
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:48,220
1167
+ of forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ deformation ุฅูŠุด ูƒู„
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:48,220 --> 00:25:52,060
1171
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:52,060 --> 00:25:57,740
1175
+ tension ุจุชูˆู„ expand ุงู„ length ุงู„ compression ุฅูŠุด
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:57,740 --> 00:26:02,920
1179
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ shorten ุงู„ length ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:08,680
1183
+ shear ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุงุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ุช ุถุบุท ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู†
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:26:08,680 --> 00:26:14,280
1187
+ ุงู„ torsion ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจู†ู„ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:26:14,280 --> 00:26:19,920
1191
+ failure ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ tension ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุจุชุดู‚ู‚ ุงูˆ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:19,920 --> 00:26:26,500
1195
+ ุจุชู†ู‚ุทุน ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ compression ุชุชุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูˆ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:26,500 --> 00:26:30,740
1199
+ ุจุชู†ุซู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด buckle ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:30,740 --> 00:26:33,920
1203
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช slender ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ buckle ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:39,870
1207
+ heavyุฃูˆ thick ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง crush ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:39,870 --> 00:26:44,550
1211
+ torsion ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง fracture ุฃูˆ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:44,550 --> 00:26:49,490
1215
+ share ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ share ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒุณุฑ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:49,490 --> 00:26:53,890
1219
+ broken ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง
1220
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/aUnYaOa2QUY.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1719 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:26,890
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ 27 ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ 27
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,890 --> 00:00:34,290
7
+ ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:34,290 --> 00:00:40,730
11
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ูˆ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:40,730 --> 00:00:44,090
15
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:44,090 --> 00:00:46,750
19
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:46,750 --> 00:00:49,230
23
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู†
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:49,230 --> 00:00:54,310
27
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ู…ุง ุณู…ุนุชูˆู‡ูˆุด ุณู…ุนุช ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:54,310 --> 00:00:58,790
31
+ ุจู†ุญุท ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุจุชุชุญุท ุจุงู„ุญูŠุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง screw
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:58,790 --> 00:01:04,030
35
+ anchors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ rivets ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:04,030 --> 00:01:09,850
39
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ ูƒู„ ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ุจุณ ุฃู†ุชู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:09,850 --> 00:01:16,210
43
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ุดุจุงุจูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุจุชุชุจุทู‘ ููŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:16,210 --> 00:01:22,750
47
+ ููŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ููŠ ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ needle ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:22,750 --> 00:01:28,150
51
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ rivetุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:28,150 --> 00:01:33,150
55
+ ุงู„ุดู†ุงุชูŠ ุชุจุนุชูƒู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุชุจุทู‘ ุจ needle ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:33,150 --> 00:01:39,050
59
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ flat ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ blind ุงู„ blind
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:39,050 --> 00:01:42,650
63
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ needle ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎ ุฃูˆ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:42,650 --> 00:01:46,790
67
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎ ุฃูˆ ุดุจุงุจูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:46,790 --> 00:01:52,610
71
+ needle ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุง ุญุด ุฃู†ุช ุชุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุญุงุฌุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:52,610 --> 00:01:58,550
75
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุดุงูŠูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:58,550 --> 00:02:03,290
79
+ rivet ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ rivet ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:15,860
83
+ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌูˆู…ุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:15,860 --> 00:02:22,460
87
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุจุชุจูŠุน ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŸ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:22,460 --> 00:02:26,720
91
+ ุทูŠุจ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:30,240
95
+ screws .. screws have threaded ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุฒู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:36,280
99
+ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุชุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุชุงุจุนูŠ ููŠู‡ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:36,280 --> 00:02:39,240
103
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ screws ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ screws
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:43,160
107
+ have threaded shafts with heads ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:43,160 --> 00:02:49,630
111
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:49,630 --> 00:02:53,930
115
+ ุฏุฑุงุน ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุน ุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุณูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ ู…ุณู†ู† treaded shaft
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:53,930 --> 00:02:58,910
119
+ with heads ูˆููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:58,910 --> 00:03:03,850
123
+ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุจุตู†ู ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุญุณุจ ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:03,850 --> 00:03:09,810
127
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ ูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ tread ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:09,810 --> 00:03:15,230
131
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุจุชุตู„ุญ ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุจุชุตู„ุญ ู„ู„ุฎุดุจ ููŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:15,230 --> 00:03:20,880
135
+ ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุจุซู‚ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุฒู‘ู‚ู‡ุง ู„ู‚ุฒู‘ู‚ ูˆ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:24,240
139
+ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฒู‘ู‚ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:24,240 --> 00:03:29,060
143
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุฒู‘ู‚ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:29,060 --> 00:03:32,720
147
+ ู…ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุฎุฒู‘ู‚ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชู„ู
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:37,940
151
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชูุชุญ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง they
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:37,940 --> 00:03:44,320
155
+ may be screwed into a pre-drilled hole ุงู„ุฎุฒู‘ู‚
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:44,320 --> 00:03:47,900
159
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ drilled for the screws to
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:47,900 --> 00:03:52,560
163
+ enter self-tapping screws
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:56,910 --> 00:04:02,370
167
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ู„ูˆ ู„ููŠุชู‡ turn .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠ ..
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:02,370 --> 00:04:06,450
171
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูุชุญ ุงู„ุฎุฒู‘ู‚ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:06,450 --> 00:04:10,410
175
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุด
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:10,410 --> 00:04:14,570
179
+ ุงู„ุฌุงุณูŠุŒ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุงู„ marine ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:14,570 --> 00:04:19,950
183
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตูุงุฆุญ ุงู„ุฎููŠูุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:19,950 --> 00:04:23,950
187
+ ุงู„ุฌุงุณูŠ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ุง ูŠู†ูุนุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ู…ุง ู„ุงุฒู…ุŒ ุงู„ุจุฑุบ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:23,950 --> 00:04:29,740
191
+ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจูŠุถู„ู‘ ุฏุงุฎู„ู self-tapping screws ู‡ูŠ ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ู…
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:29,740 --> 00:04:34,100
195
+ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจู„ูˆู† ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ู… ู„ุฃู† ู„ุงุฒู…ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:34,100 --> 00:04:37,860
199
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ self-tapping
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:48,140 --> 00:04:53,420
203
+ they do not require pre-drill holes they cut their
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:53,420 --> 00:04:58,140
207
+ own holes as they screwed in ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญู†ุง ู†ู„ูู‡ู… ู‡ู…
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:58,140 --> 00:05:02,800
211
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุซู‚ุจ ุชุจุนู‡ู… unlike bolts ุงู„ bolts ุจุชุนุฑููŠุด
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:09,580
215
+ ุฅู„ู‡ ุณู…ูˆู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฅู„ู‡ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุชู„ููŠู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:09,580 --> 00:05:13,780
219
+ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:13,780 --> 00:05:14,360
223
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:14,360 --> 00:05:19,940
227
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:19,940 --> 00:05:26,980
231
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:26,980 --> 00:05:34,480
235
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:34,480 --> 00:05:36,940
239
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:36,940 --> 00:05:41,470
243
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ู…ููƒ .. ุงู„ู…ููƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:41,470 --> 00:05:46,510
247
+ ูˆ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูƒูŠู ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุน
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:46,510 --> 00:05:51,430
251
+ ุงู„ู…ููƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ูุน ู…ุนู‡ุง Most screws hid are
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:51,430 --> 00:05:55,010
255
+ designed to be screwed in using a screwdriver. The
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:55,010 --> 00:05:58,490
259
+ most common types are slots hid screwed
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:01,950 --> 00:06:07,150
263
+ head screws ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ slot head ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ูุฑุฒุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:07,150 --> 00:06:11,230
267
+ ุงู„ูุฑุฒุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ููŠ ูุฑุฒุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:11,230 --> 00:06:15,850
271
+ cross ููŠ ูุฑุฒุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฎุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ูˆููŠ ูุฑุฒุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:15,850 --> 00:06:21,230
275
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู†ุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูุฑุฒุฉ ุงู„ slot head ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:21,230 --> 00:06:26,010
279
+ ุงู„ูุฑุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… and cross head screwed
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:33,520 --> 00:06:39,560
283
+ ุงู„ู€ crosshead ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:39,560 --> 00:06:44,300
287
+ screwdriver ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุตู„ุญุช ู‡ุฏูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ูƒูŠู
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:44,300 --> 00:06:49,340
291
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ crosshead ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:49,340 --> 00:06:52,560
295
+ starhead ุงู„ starhead ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ crosshead ูˆู„ุง ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:52,560 --> 00:06:57,420
299
+ flathead ุจุฏูƒ ุงู„ู…ููƒ ุงู„ุตุญ ู„ุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒูŠุด
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:57,420 --> 00:07:00,100
303
+ ุงู„ู…ููƒ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒูŠุด ุงู„ู…ููƒ ู…ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:00,100 --> 00:07:07,150
307
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ small diameter bolts which can be used with
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:07,150 --> 00:07:10,950
311
+ nuts or screwed into threaded holes are sometimes
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:10,950 --> 00:07:19,490
315
+ called machine screws ุงู„ุขู†
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:19,490 --> 00:07:23,290
319
+ ุงู„ machine screws ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† bolts ุจุณ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:23,290 --> 00:07:26,490
323
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุน
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:26,490 --> 00:07:31,460
327
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ boards ุจุณ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:31,460 --> 00:07:38,240
331
+ ุณู…ูˆู†ุฉ ุจุณ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ machine
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:38,240 --> 00:07:43,020
335
+ screws ูˆ ุงู„ bolts ุฃูˆ ุงู„ screws ูˆ ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:43,020 --> 00:07:47,440
339
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุจุชุชู…
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:47,440 --> 00:07:51,400
343
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง bolts that hold components in a place by
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:54,000
347
+ pressing the end of the bolts against the
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:56,600
351
+ components in order to generate friction and
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:56,600 --> 00:08:01,240
355
+ prevent sliding are called set screwed or grab
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:01,240 --> 00:08:02,040
359
+ screws
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:12,750 --> 00:08:18,890
363
+ grab screws ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุงุฐูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถุบุท
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:18,890 --> 00:08:25,030
367
+ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุญุท ุงู„ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุซุจุชู‘ู‡ู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:25,030 --> 00:08:29,410
371
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน grab ุฃูˆ set screws set ูŠุนู†ูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:29,410 --> 00:08:34,970
375
+ ุชุซุจูŠุช grab ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุฒูŠุฌ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ damage
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:34,970 --> 00:08:40,730
379
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒู… ู†ูˆุน ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:40,730 --> 00:08:46,400
383
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง screw anchors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุงุด
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:47,140 --> 00:08:54,740
387
+ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุซู„ ุฃูˆ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:54,740 --> 00:09:00,340
391
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง .. ุจู†ุฎุฒู‘ู‚ ุซู‚ุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:00,340 --> 00:09:03,500
395
+ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุจู†ู„ุฒู‘ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:03,500 --> 00:09:08,300
399
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุจู†ุนู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช fasteners
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:08,300 --> 00:09:11,560
403
+ designed to fix objects to walls ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:11,560 --> 00:09:17,220
407
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูŠุทุงู† ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ dry walls Okay
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:17,220 --> 00:09:22,420
411
+ called screw anchors these fit into pre-drilled
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:22,420 --> 00:09:26,680
415
+ holes ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุซู‚ุจ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:26,680 --> 00:09:31,700
419
+ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ a simple screw anchor is a plastic tube
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:31,700 --> 00:09:36,180
423
+ called a wall plug or plug ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:36,180 --> 00:09:39,580
427
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:39,580 --> 00:09:46,100
431
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุชูุฑุฏ ุฃูˆ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:46,100 --> 00:09:51,680
435
+ expand ูู„ู…ุง ุชูุฑุฏ ูˆ expand ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:51,680 --> 00:09:58,150
439
+ ุฃุตุนุจ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง it is inserted in a
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:58,150 --> 00:10:02,350
443
+ hole and a screw or bolt is then screwed into it
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:02,350 --> 00:10:07,110
447
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ bolt ุฃูˆ ุงู„ screw ููŠู‡ุง as it enters
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:07,110 --> 00:10:10,410
451
+ the plug the plug expand ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ diameter its
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:10,410 --> 00:10:14,610
455
+ diameter increase this increases friction allowing
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:14,610 --> 00:10:18,290
459
+ the plug to resist the pull out forces ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:18,290 --> 00:10:22,840
463
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ .. ุณุงุญุจู‡ุง ู…ุด ุณู‡ู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:26,460
467
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุตุนุจ .. ุตุนุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุญุจู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:26,460 --> 00:10:31,420
471
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ the forces which will cause it
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:31,420 --> 00:10:36,960
475
+ to be pulled out of the hole if it were not firmly
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:40,920
479
+ anchored ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุจุนุถ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:40,920 --> 00:10:46,880
483
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุจุณ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:46,880 --> 00:10:53,280
487
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุช ู„ุงุฌู„ุฌ ุชู„ุนุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุทู„ุนุด
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:58,680
491
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆ ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุชู†ุชู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:58,680 --> 00:11:03,300
495
+ ุจุชุญุณู‘ุณ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุจุทู„ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠูˆู‚ู ู‡ุฐู‡
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:03,300 --> 00:11:06,260
499
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ exercise ุฅูŠุด
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:06,260 --> 00:11:14,700
503
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ anchors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:14,700 --> 00:11:18,300
507
+ ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ anchor ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:18,300 --> 00:11:24,490
511
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง screw anchor ุฃูˆ wall plug
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:24,490 --> 00:11:31,270
515
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ expression ู„ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ wall plugs ููŠ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:31,270 --> 00:11:36,090
519
+ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ anchors ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:36,090 --> 00:11:41,610
523
+ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:41,610 --> 00:11:44,890
527
+ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:44,890 --> 00:11:45,450
531
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:53,380
535
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุญุทูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:53,380 --> 00:11:58,420
539
+ ูˆ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุญุฒู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุตุจุญ expansion ุจุฑุถู‡
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:58,420 --> 00:12:04,100
543
+ ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุบูŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฅุทุงุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆููŠู‡
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:04,100 --> 00:12:08,380
547
+ ุจุฑุบูŠ ูˆููŠู‡ ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:08,380 --> 00:12:11,860
551
+ ุงู„ what ุงู„ port ููŠู‡ port ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:11,860 --> 00:12:15,580
555
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชุตุจุญ ุชุญุฒู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุตุจุญู‡ุง expansion ุจุชุตุจุญ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:15,580 --> 00:12:20,430
559
+ ุชุณุญุจูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุถุบุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†ุŒ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:20,430 --> 00:12:26,310
563
+ ุบูŠุฑ .. ุฃุตุนุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง an expansion anchor is another
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:26,310 --> 00:12:29,970
567
+ type of anchor it consists of a bolt fitted inside
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:29,970 --> 00:12:34,090
571
+ a metal sleeve ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:34,090 --> 00:12:38,230
575
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุจุฑุบูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:38,230 --> 00:12:42,110
579
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง bolt ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ sleeve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู‚ู…
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:43,090 --> 00:12:47,590
583
+ ูู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฅู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ุบุทุงุก ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:47,590 --> 00:12:51,690
587
+ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุบุทุงุก ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ boat ู„ู…ุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:51,690 --> 00:12:56,010
591
+ ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุชุญุฒู‚ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุงุฏุฑุณุชูŠุฑ ุจุชูˆุณุน ุฌูˆุง ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:56,010 --> 00:12:59,990
595
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุชูˆุณุน ุจุฑุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ูุฑุฌูŠูƒู… ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:59,990 --> 00:13:04,800
599
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง The sleeves expand as the bolt
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:04,800 --> 00:13:08,720
603
+ is tightened in the hole. ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุฐู‚
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:08,720 --> 00:13:13,640
607
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐูŠุŸ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุถูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชูุชุญุŒ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:13,640 --> 00:13:18,740
611
+ ุชูุชุญ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุณูƒุฑ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:18,740 --> 00:13:23,630
615
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุชุทู„ุนูŠู‡ุง in cases where pull-out
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:23,630 --> 00:13:28,550
619
+ forces are very high chemical anchors can be used
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:28,550 --> 00:13:32,210
623
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุชุจุช
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:32,210 --> 00:13:36,030
627
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชุชุจุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุญุท chemical ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:36,030 --> 00:13:39,590
631
+ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ุจุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุญุท ุงู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:39,590 --> 00:13:44,390
635
+ anchor ุงู„ anchor ุจู„ุฒู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุชู„ุฒู‚ุฉ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:44,390 --> 00:13:47,970
639
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง permanent ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุทู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ุงุทู„ุนู‡
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:47,970 --> 00:13:54,030
643
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ These are studs threaded bars into which
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:54,030 --> 00:13:59,330
647
+ nuts can be screwed. The studs are set in. ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:59,330 --> 00:14:04,310
651
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฃุถูŠู ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง lucket ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:09,950
655
+ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุชุถูŠููŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุชุญุณูƒูŠ ุชู†ููƒุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:09,950 --> 00:14:14,930
659
+ ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตู…ุบ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูุฃู†ุช ุจุชุจุทู„ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุทู„ุน ุฒูŠ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:14,930 --> 00:14:20,030
663
+ ุงู„ุตู…ุบ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุฏ ู…ุด ุตู…ุบ ุจุณูŠุท that is held in the hole
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:20,030 --> 00:14:24,890
667
+ by adhesive most chemical anchors are set in two
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:24,890 --> 00:14:29,330
671
+ holes using a strong adhesive called epoxy resin
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:29,330 --> 00:14:33,710
675
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ epoxy ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:33,710 --> 00:14:35,290
679
+ plastics
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:42,200
683
+ ุงู„ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง epoxy resin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:47,680
687
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:47,680 --> 00:14:55,950
691
+ ุชุญุฒู‚ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต ุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชุฑูุนูŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ rivets
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:55,950 --> 00:14:59,550
695
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุดุงู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ needle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒูˆุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:59,550 --> 00:15:04,290
699
+ ุชุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ rivets are permanent fasteners
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:04,290 --> 00:15:08,450
703
+ ุฃูˆ fasteners ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู„ูŠุด permanent fastenersุŸ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:08,450 --> 00:15:11,910
707
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฏู‡ ุญุทูŠุช .. ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุดุงู…ุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชููƒูŠู‡ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:11,910 --> 00:15:16,370
711
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฅุฐุง ููƒุชูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุชุฎุฑุจุŒ ุฎู„ุงุตุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:16,370 --> 00:15:20,130
715
+ ุจุฏุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€screwedุŒ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:20,130 --> 00:15:24,730
719
+ ุงู„ู€screwed ุจู†ุทู„ุนู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฑุฌุนู‡ They cannot be
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:24,730 --> 00:15:29,070
723
+ unscrewedุŒ a solid rivetุŒ solid ู‡ูŠ consist of a
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:29,070 --> 00:15:33,470
727
+ short solid shaft of metal with a head at one end
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:33,470 --> 00:15:37,070
731
+ called the factory head ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:37,070 --> 00:15:42,190
735
+ rivet ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู„ู‡ุง ุฑุฃุณ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุฅูŠุด
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:42,190 --> 00:15:47,930
739
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุทุนุดุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู‚ุจู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุนุด
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:47,930 --> 00:15:53,510
743
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ factory head ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน solid
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:53,510 --> 00:15:58,210
747
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ solid rivet ุงู„ solid rivet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:58,210 --> 00:16:02,450
751
+ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู‡ู†ุง the rivet is inserted through a pre
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:02,450 --> 00:16:05,450
755
+ -drilled hole then a special tool is used to
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:05,450 --> 00:16:09,450
759
+ deform ุฅูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ deformุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:09,450 --> 00:16:12,950
763
+ ุงู„ุดู†ุงุฏูŠุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุฏู„ุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:12,950 --> 00:16:16,410
767
+ ุฎุงุตุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูƒุดุงุทุงุชุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณุบู…ูˆู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ูƒุจุณุช
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:16,410 --> 00:16:23,530
771
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ Deformed Deformed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:23,530 --> 00:16:28,110
775
+ ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุงุชุดูˆู‘ู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุจุทู„ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:28,110 --> 00:16:31,310
779
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุŒ it changed the shape of the other end
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:31,310 --> 00:16:34,970
783
+ of the rivet, flattening and widening it to form a
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:34,970 --> 00:16:38,850
787
+ second head called the shop head. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุจุตู‡ุงุŒ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:38,850 --> 00:16:41,990
791
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ููŠ ุฑุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ูˆุดุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:41,990 --> 00:16:47,510
795
+ ุฌูˆุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ุฑุงุณ ุนู„ู‰
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:47,510 --> 00:16:49,570
799
+ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:49,570 --> 00:16:52,870
803
+ flattening ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฑุงุณ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:52,870 --> 00:16:56,910
807
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู†ุญุดุฑุช ุจูŠู† ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:56,910 --> 00:17:01,130
811
+ ุฑุงุณ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑุงุณ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฅูŠุดุŒ ู„ูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:01,130 --> 00:17:04,630
815
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุฑุงุณ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:04,630 --> 00:17:09,980
819
+ ู„ู…ุง ุฃูƒุจุณู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ expanse ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู†
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:09,980 --> 00:17:12,740
823
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:12,740 --> 00:17:17,940
827
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ factory head ูˆุงู„ุดุฌุฉ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:17,940 --> 00:17:21,720
831
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:21,720 --> 00:17:30,660
835
+ ุงู„ุดุงุจ head ุดุงุจ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุงู„ุฏูƒุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:30,660 --> 00:17:36,020
839
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดุบู„ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู…ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุดุงุจ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:43,300
843
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุดุบู„ุช .. ุงู†ุดุบู„ุช ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุดุบู„ุช ุงู†ุนู…ู„ุช
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:43,300 --> 00:17:47,180
847
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู†ุดุบู„ุช ู shop head solid rivets are widely used
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:47,180 --> 00:17:52,160
851
+ in aircraft ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุงุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:52,160 --> 00:17:56,420
855
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฏู‚ูˆู‚ุฉ ุฏู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุฑุงุช ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:56,420 --> 00:18:00,840
859
+ ุงู„ูุฑุด ุชุจุน ุงู„ุตูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:05,540
863
+ ุงู„ุดู†ุงุชูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงุนูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:06,390 --> 00:18:09,750
867
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงูŠุฑ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนูŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:09,750 --> 00:18:16,640
871
+ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ูƒุจุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู‡ู… rivets
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:16,640 --> 00:18:20,620
875
+ solid rivets ู„ุฃู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุฏุฎู„ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:20,620 --> 00:18:25,280
879
+ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชูƒุจุณ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชูู„ุทุญ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:25,280 --> 00:18:29,840
883
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:29,840 --> 00:18:35,280
887
+ ุจุชูู„ุทุญ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:35,280 --> 00:18:40,290
891
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎุตูˆุตุง ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ู„ุฃุจุชุชุจุช
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:40,290 --> 00:18:47,890
895
+ ุชุชุจูŠุช ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุจุช ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ set ุงู„ blind
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:47,890 --> 00:18:55,250
899
+ rivet ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง solid ู‡ุฐู‡ solid rivet
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:55,250 --> 00:19:00,150
903
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง blind ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ุชุจุนุงุช
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:00,150 --> 00:19:08,370
907
+ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฑูŠููŠุช ุฃูˆ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:08,370 --> 00:19:12,210
911
+ ุจุงุจ ุฑูŠููŠุช are made from hollow tubes and are
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:12,210 --> 00:19:15,850
915
+ fitted using a tool called rivet gun ุงู„ rivet gun
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:15,850 --> 00:19:19,530
919
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุตูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:19,530 --> 00:19:23,790
923
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฑุงุณ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ ูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:23,790 --> 00:19:26,730
927
+ ุจุฏุฎู„ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠุนุตู‡ ูˆ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:26,730 --> 00:19:32,230
931
+ ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง expansion
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:32,230 --> 00:19:35,390
935
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ .. ู‡ุงุฏ ุดุงูŠู ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูุฉุŸ ู‡ุงุฏ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:35,390 --> 00:19:39,270
939
+ ุจุชูƒุจุณ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจุณุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฎู„ุงุต
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:39,270 --> 00:19:44,190
943
+ ุงุชุซุจุชุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูƒุชูŠู† ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุงู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:44,190 --> 00:19:45,810
947
+ ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู‡ุง ูุงุฑุฌูŠู†ุงูƒูˆุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:48,130 --> 00:19:51,630
951
+ blind rivets are not suitable for high strength
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:51,630 --> 00:19:57,150
955
+ joints ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ู„ุงุญุธุชูŠ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† .. ูƒู„ูƒู…
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:57,150 --> 00:19:59,950
959
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุญู…ุงู…ุงุช ูˆ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:59,950 --> 00:20:04,110
963
+ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจุฎ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ู…ุน
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:04,110 --> 00:20:09,870
967
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุญุตู„ู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฅูŠุด
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:09,870 --> 00:20:15,600
971
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠูƒุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:15,600 --> 00:20:20,340
975
+ joints ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุชุญู…ู„ high strength
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:20,340 --> 00:20:22,880
979
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ุง ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุตุบุงุฑ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:22,880 --> 00:20:27,060
983
+ ุทุงู„ุน ุจุถุฑุจู‡ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจุถุฑุจู‡ ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:27,060 --> 00:20:30,400
987
+ .. ุจุชุฎู„ุฎู„ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠูƒุญุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:30,400 --> 00:20:35,920
991
+ ุจุชุชุจุช ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ heavy duty ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:35,920 --> 00:20:39,380
995
+ ุฎููŠูุฉ ูˆ ุจูˆุงุจ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงู†ุงุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:39,380 --> 00:20:45,180
999
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠูƒุง ู…ุง ููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:45,180 --> 00:20:48,660
1003
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ exercise ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ in this exercise
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:48,660 --> 00:20:51,820
1007
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง make words combination with screws
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:51,820 --> 00:20:55,680
1011
+ using words from a and b opposite then match the
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:55,680 --> 00:20:58,860
1015
+ combination with these with the description below
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:58,860 --> 00:21:02,600
1019
+ one description can be used twice ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุทู„ุน
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:02,600 --> 00:21:08,360
1023
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู… ุฎูŠุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:08,360 --> 00:21:14,200
1027
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง screw is a tin bolt machine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:19,840
1031
+ ุงู„ machine ู‡ูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:19,840 --> 00:21:23,720
1035
+ bolts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุณู…ูˆู†ุง ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู„
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:28,640
1039
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง machine bolts ุทูŠุจ a
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:28,640 --> 00:21:31,920
1043
+ screw does not require predrilling ู…ูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:31,920 --> 00:21:37,140
1047
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ drill ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ self-tapping
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:49,010 --> 00:21:53,890
1051
+ ุณู„ุงุช ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:53,890 --> 00:22:02,010
1055
+ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎุท ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุงู† screw fit
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:02,010 --> 00:22:08,450
1059
+ screwdriver with x shape profile at the end ุงู„
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:08,450 --> 00:22:13,540
1063
+ cross ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:24,680
1067
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญุฒูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ slotted ุงูˆ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:24,680 --> 00:22:29,960
1071
+ flatted screwdriver ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง cross ุงูˆ phillips
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:37,240
1075
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุงูƒ phillips ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:41,820
1079
+ fifth one ุงูŠุด screws apply pressure at its end to
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:41,820 --> 00:22:47,340
1083
+ hold a component in place ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูˆ grab
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:47,340 --> 00:22:51,160
1087
+ screw ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุจุชุชุจุช ู„ูˆ ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:57,460
1091
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุชุจุชู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† complete the article from a
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:57,460 --> 00:23:00,580
1095
+ home improvement magazine using the words in the
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:00,580 --> 00:23:04,820
1099
+ box look at a and b opposite to help you ุงู„ุงู†
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:04,820 --> 00:23:09,300
1103
+ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ home improvement magazine ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูŠุดุŸู‡ุฐู‡
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:09,300 --> 00:23:14,900
1107
+ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู…ุชุฎุตุตุฉ ููŠ ูƒูŠู ุชุญุณู† ุจูŠุชูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู†ุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:14,900 --> 00:23:20,020
1111
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุจูŠุชู‡ ู‚ุงุฆู… ุดุฌุฉ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:20,020 --> 00:23:24,520
1115
+ ูƒูŠู ู†ุนู…ู„ improvement ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ุงุธุจุท
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:28,140
1119
+ ุงู„ุณุชูŠุฑ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ุงุนู…ู„ redecoration ู„ู„ living room
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:28,140 --> 00:23:33,880
1123
+ ู„ู„ูƒุชุดู† ู„ู„ bathroom ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:33,880 --> 00:23:39,260
1127
+ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ุจุฑูˆู…ุงู† how not to use wall plug
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:39,260 --> 00:23:45,120
1131
+ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ุด ู…ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุด ุงู„ูุฌู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:45,120 --> 00:23:49,640
1135
+ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ you check the diameter of the hole
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:49,640 --> 00:23:53,880
1139
+ required then choose a drill bit one millimeter
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:53,880 --> 00:23:58,040
1143
+ narrower ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠ ู„ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:58,040 --> 00:24:03,700
1147
+ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุถุงู ุญุตุญุฌู… ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:03,700 --> 00:24:09,840
1151
+ ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุฑูŠุดุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุญ one millimeter smaller ุงูˆ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:09,840 --> 00:24:16,840
1155
+ narrower ู„ูŠุด ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุงูˆุชุฏุฎู„ ุจุงู„ู‡ุงุชู
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:16,840 --> 00:24:21,800
1159
+ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ุฏุญ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุญ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจูˆุณุน ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:26,040
1163
+ one millimeter ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ุชูŠู‡ุง ุงูƒุจุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู‡
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:26,040 --> 00:24:30,500
1167
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุตุงุฑุช loose ุจุฏูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุจุชูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุญุทู‡ุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:30,500 --> 00:24:37,940
1171
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุฑู‚ clinics ุญุงุฌุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒุจุฑ .. ุชุณูƒุฑ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:37,940 --> 00:24:43,020
1175
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ you've tried drilling the specified hole
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:43,020 --> 00:24:47,840
1179
+ size many many many times in the past and only for
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:47,840 --> 00:24:52,540
1183
+ it to be too big ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ุช ุญูˆู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฑุงุช
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:52,540 --> 00:25:00,500
1187
+ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุฅู†ูƒ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุชู‚ุจ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:00,500 --> 00:25:08,190
1191
+ ู…ุฑุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ only for it to be too big ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:08,190 --> 00:25:12,830
1195
+ ู„ุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุทูŠุจ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:12,830 --> 00:25:17,110
1199
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:17,110 --> 00:25:22,290
1203
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุณู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง to pick the ash spinning in
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:22,290 --> 00:25:27,490
1207
+ the hole ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุฏุทู„ุนุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏุฏุฎู„ู‡ ููŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:27,490 --> 00:25:34,550
1211
+ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ hole ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจุŸ ุงู„ plug ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูุงู†ุช
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:34,550 --> 00:25:38,130
1215
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ู…ุนู„ู…ูƒ ุงูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู ุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ุจุชุฌุฑูŠ ุงูŠุด
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:38,130 --> 00:25:46,170
1219
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุดุบู„ ู…ุฌูˆุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูู‡ู†ุง only too big
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:46,170 --> 00:25:49,150
1223
+ leaving the plug ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ plug ุดุทุจู†ุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:49,150 --> 00:25:55,410
1227
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง leaving the plug ุงูŠุดุŸ spinning in the hole
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:55,410 --> 00:25:59,290
1231
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ plug ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชุงุจุทุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:59,290 --> 00:26:02,990
1235
+ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุชู„ู ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ screw ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:02,990 --> 00:26:11,290
1239
+ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ู„ู ู…ุญุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู…ุณูƒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท only to leave the
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:11,290 --> 00:26:15,470
1243
+ plug spinning in the hole when you try to tighten
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:15,470 --> 00:26:19,670
1247
+ ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุนู…ู„ tightening ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:19,670 --> 00:26:20,850
1251
+ screw ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:24,320 --> 00:26:28,120
1255
+ ุงู†ุช ู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูุถู„ ุงู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู„ูƒูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:28,120 --> 00:26:33,740
1259
+ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:40,080
1263
+ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุจุฑุบุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุฒุจุท ูŠุฏุฎู„ ูˆู…ุง ุฒุจุทุด
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:44,680
1267
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุญุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณูƒุฑ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:44,680 --> 00:26:48,720
1271
+ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงุฌ ูˆ ุฃูุชุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .. ูŠู…ูƒู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:52,780
1275
+ ุงุชุนู„ู…ุช ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฑุณ ู†ุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุจูŠุช
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:52,780 --> 00:26:56,440
1279
+ ู„ุจูŠุช ุฅุฐุง ู…ุฎุฒู‚ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุงู† ุจุฏูŠูƒ ุชุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงุฌ .. ุงู„ุฎุฒุงุฌ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:56,440 --> 00:27:02,690
1283
+ ู‡ุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฏู‡ู† ูˆ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุฏูุน ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง deposit ูุตุงุญุจ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:02,690 --> 00:27:08,570
1287
+ ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฑ ุจุตู„ุญ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุจุนุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุงุชูˆุฑุฉ ู .. ู .. ูุฃู†ุง ู…ู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:08,570 --> 00:27:12,310
1291
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุจูŠุชูŠ ุจุญุจ ุดุฎุต ุฃูŠ ุฎุฒู‚ ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ู„ุฒูˆู…
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:12,310 --> 00:27:15,390
1295
+ ูุฃูŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:15,390 --> 00:27:20,010
1299
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ .. ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนูˆุฏ ุฃู†ุง ุชุนูˆุฏุช ุฅู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุฎุฒู‚
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:20,010 --> 00:27:23,410
1303
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ู„ุฒูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ูˆุด ู„ุฅู† ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:23,410 --> 00:27:26,990
1307
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู„ุญู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏูุน ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุชุตู„ูŠุญู‡ ูุงุชุนู„ู…ุช ุนู†
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:26,990 --> 00:27:31,890
1311
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ูุด ุซู‚ุจ ุจุญุจ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ุนู†ุฏ .. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฒูˆุฌ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:31,890 --> 00:27:34,770
1315
+ ุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒุนุฌ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:34,770 --> 00:27:39,870
1319
+ ูˆ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ุจุชู„ุฒู…ุด ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฎู„ุงุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุชุนูˆุฏู†ุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:39,870 --> 00:27:45,390
1323
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุนูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:45,390 --> 00:27:52,270
1327
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุดุŸ tight fit tight fit ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:52,270 --> 00:27:58,750
1331
+ ู„ู…ุง .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฑูƒุจ ุญุฒู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ tight fit ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุชุฑูƒุจ ุญุฒู‚
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:01,040 --> 00:28:04,760
1335
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ tight fit so you drill a smaller hole than
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:04,760 --> 00:28:08,480
1339
+ suggests then attempt to hammer it in .. to hammer
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:12,960
1343
+ in the plug ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุชุฌูŠุจ ุฎุฒูƒ ุฃุตุบุฑ ูˆ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:12,960 --> 00:28:18,620
1347
+ ุจุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ูุฌุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุงุŸ ุจู†ุฏู‚ู‡ุง ู„ุฌูˆุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:18,620 --> 00:28:23,530
1351
+ ุตุญุŸู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู†
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:23,530 --> 00:28:27,590
1355
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ ุจูŠุญุท .. ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุญุท ุฅูŠุด ุฏู‡ ุจุจูˆุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:27,590 --> 00:28:31,790
1359
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ุงุช ุจุณ ุจุฏุฎู„ูˆุด ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจูŠุญุท ูŠุฏู‡ ุจุฑุงุณู‡ ูˆ ุจุฏู‚ ุนู„ู‰
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:31,790 --> 00:28:37,250
1363
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ูุจุชุฏุฎู„ .. ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุญุท ู‡ุงุฏ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:37,250 --> 00:28:41,470
1367
+ ุจูŠุณุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู†ุนู…ู„ ุตุญ ู…ุง ุงู†ุนู…ู„ุด ุฒูŠูƒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:41,470 --> 00:28:48,300
1371
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู† ุนู…ู„ ุบู„ุท it .. it .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช too tight ุฃูˆ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:48,300 --> 00:28:53,980
1375
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุนู‡ ุฏูŠู‚ุŒ ุฅูŠุด
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:53,980 --> 00:28:59,020
1379
+ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ it bends sidewaysุŒ ุจุชู†ุชู†ูŠ ุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุจุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:59,020 --> 00:29:01,920
1383
+ ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุฃูˆ ุดุงูŠููƒ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:01,920 --> 00:29:08,520
1387
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู…ูŠู„ ุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:13,800
1391
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ ู…ุซู„ุงุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ..
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:18,720
1395
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู…ูŠู„ ุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:23,100
1399
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุฅู†ุชู†ุช ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุตุงุฑุช ุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ ูˆู…ุงุดูŠุฉ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:23,100 --> 00:29:28,160
1403
+ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ู…ุด ู‡ุชุธุจุท ูุฃุณู‡ู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:31,720
1407
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุญูƒุงุชูŠ ุจู‚ุต ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุจ .. ุฏู‡ ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:33,920
1411
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุณุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ูˆ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:40,140 --> 00:29:45,740
1415
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุงูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ูˆุณุน
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:45,740 --> 00:29:53,080
1419
+ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ุดูˆูŠุฉ eventually you manage to get a plug
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:53,080 --> 00:29:59,960
1423
+ into the hole ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู‡ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุฏุฎู„ูŠ ูุฌู„ุฉ ููŠ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:59,960 --> 00:30:02,420
1427
+ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:05,170 --> 00:30:08,370
1431
+ get a plug into the wall you insert the end of the
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:08,370 --> 00:30:12,650
1435
+ screw pick up your ุงูŠุด and get to work ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุช
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:12,650 --> 00:30:16,110
1439
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชู„ุญูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุณูƒุช ุฏุฎู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุจุฏู‡
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:16,110 --> 00:30:22,010
1443
+ ุงุนู…ู„ูƒุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ูˆ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ screw driver ูˆ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:22,010 --> 00:30:26,250
1447
+ ุงู„ู ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ you pick your ุงูŠุด
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:26,250 --> 00:30:32,570
1451
+ screw driver ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุทูŠุจ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:32,570 --> 00:30:33,530
1455
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:38,240 --> 00:30:44,240
1459
+ it is certainly in a tight fit and hard work and
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:44,240 --> 00:30:49,940
1463
+ as a screw goes in and the plug start to expand
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:49,940 --> 00:30:53,320
1467
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:53,320 --> 00:30:57,260
1471
+ it expand start to expand
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:59,420 --> 00:31:03,280
1475
+ the going get harder by the time the screws
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:03,280 --> 00:31:07,180
1479
+ halfway in the screwdriver has slipped off the
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:07,180 --> 00:31:12,580
1483
+ screw so many times ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุฏุฎู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:12,580 --> 00:31:19,840
1487
+ ุจุฏูŠุช ุงุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ู†ุต ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุญุฒู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:19,840 --> 00:31:29,940
1491
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุชู†ู‡ุฑูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุญุท ุงู„ู…ููƒ ุฃู„ูู‡ุจูู„ุช ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:29,940 --> 00:31:34,880
1495
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง cross ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ cross ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุฃูƒู„
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:34,880 --> 00:31:39,400
1499
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุชุฃูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุดูˆูŠุฉ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:39,400 --> 00:31:42,440
1503
+ ู„ู…ุง
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:42,440 --> 00:31:52,440
1507
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุชุจุทู„ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ูุดูŠ ูุดูŠ ุงู„ cross ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุญูˆ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:52,440 --> 00:31:55,620
1511
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู„ู‡ the screwdriver has slipped off
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:55,620 --> 00:32:03,020
1515
+ slipped off ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูู„ู‘ุช so many times that what
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:03,020 --> 00:32:08,040
1519
+ used to be ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ cross head
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:08,040 --> 00:32:14,760
1523
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒูˆูŠุณ pattern on the screw ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุงูŠ on the
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:14,760 --> 00:32:18,540
1527
+ screw ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ head ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:21,400 --> 00:32:25,660
1531
+ now more like a smooth round hole ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:25,660 --> 00:32:33,660
1535
+ ุฅูŠุด ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠ ูˆู…ู„ุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ููƒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุฑูƒุจุด it
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:33,660 --> 00:32:40,780
1539
+ is impossible to screw in any further or unscrewed
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:40,780 --> 00:32:44,920
1543
+ ูุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู„ู…ุง ู†ูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจู†ุจุทู„ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู†
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:50,320
1547
+ ู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ู‚ุฏุฑูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ู†ููƒู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:59,020
1551
+ ุจุทู„ ูŠุดุชุบู„ So you take a pair of pliers ุฅูŠุด pliersุŸ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:59,020 --> 00:33:04,500
1555
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุด ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู„ุฃ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฏู†ุด ู…ุด
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:04,500 --> 00:33:10,960
1559
+ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุณุฃู„ ุจู†ุงุชูŠ ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจู„ูŠ ูƒู„
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:33:10,960 --> 00:33:16,090
1563
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุฃุฎูˆู†ุง ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุญุงูุธุช
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:33:16,090 --> 00:33:21,070
1567
+ ูˆุฑุงุญ ูŠุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงุดุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:21,070 --> 00:33:31,350
1571
+ ููŠ cross head ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:33:31,350 --> 00:33:32,970
1575
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:42,680
1579
+ ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ pair ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ูˆู…ู„ุฒู‚ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:33:42,680 --> 00:33:51,280
1583
+ ูุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชูƒู…ุดูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุชุทู„ุนูŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ pair of
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:51,280 --> 00:33:57,520
1587
+ pliers a pair of pliers grip the end of the screw
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:57,520 --> 00:34:01,680
1591
+ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ุจุชู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ูˆุฅูŠุด ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŸ an attempt to
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:34:01,680 --> 00:34:05,300
1595
+ drag the whole thing out of the wall ุจุชุญุงูˆู„
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:05,300 --> 00:34:10,660
1599
+ ุชุณุญุจูŠู‡ุง ุจุฑุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. but ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุŸ the
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:10,660 --> 00:34:17,920
1603
+ pull out force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง is beyond the power of
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:34:17,920 --> 00:34:24,660
1607
+ your now aching arms ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃู† ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ูˆุฌุนุชูƒ ูˆ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:34:24,660 --> 00:34:30,040
1611
+ ุฃู†ุช ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุดุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃู† ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุตุญุจ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ุชุนุจุงู†ุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:30,040 --> 00:34:35,500
1615
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ู„ุฃู† ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ุงู„ุชุนุจุงู†ุฉ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:34:35,500 --> 00:34:41,560
1619
+ aching arms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุนุจุงู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุนุฉ the
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:34:41,560 --> 00:34:48,510
1623
+ screw might as well be ุฅูŠุด with ุจุงูƒุณูŠ ุฑูŠุฒูŠู† set in
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:34:48,510 --> 00:34:53,730
1627
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุชุช ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู†
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:34:53,730 --> 00:35:01,650
1631
+ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ุณู‡
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:01,650 --> 00:35:09,090
1635
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ match ุฅูŠุด
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:09,090 --> 00:35:16,920
1639
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง rivet gun ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:16,920 --> 00:35:22,020
1643
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุจุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ ููŠู‡
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:22,020 --> 00:35:27,280
1647
+ ุณูˆุงุก ู„ูู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ู„ุตุงู„ูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ู„ุจู„ุงูŠุฏ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:30,860 --> 00:35:37,460
1651
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุฎู„ุต
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:37,460 --> 00:35:40,900
1655
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ factory head ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:40,900 --> 00:35:45,820
1659
+ ุจุชุถู„ู‡ุง ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ solid rivet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ flat ู‡ุฐุง
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:35:45,820 --> 00:35:49,360
1663
+ ุงู„ blind rivet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:35:49,360 --> 00:35:53,300
1667
+ needle a type of fastener that is hollow ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:35:53,300 --> 00:36:00,770
1671
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ blind riveta type of fastener that
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:00,770 --> 00:36:08,330
1675
+ is not hollow solid ุงุชูˆู„
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:08,330 --> 00:36:13,730
1679
+ used for installing a type of fastener ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:36:13,730 --> 00:36:18,690
1683
+ ุงู„ rivet gun the white part at the top of the
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:36:18,690 --> 00:36:23,930
1687
+ rivet present when the rivet is supplied ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:23,930 --> 00:36:30,400
1691
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ุŒ when
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:30,400 --> 00:36:33,780
1695
+ the rivet is suppliedุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุชุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุนุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:36:33,780 --> 00:36:40,060
1699
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† factory headุŒ ุงู„ุขู† the part of the
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:36:40,060 --> 00:36:43,400
1703
+ bottom of the rivet formed after the rivet is ..
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:36:43,400 --> 00:36:49,410
1707
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ shop head ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:36:49,410 --> 00:36:52,110
1711
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ video ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:36:52,110 --> 00:36:59,310
1715
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุจุชุทู„ุน
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:36:59,310 --> 00:37:01,990
1719
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุง ุชุณุชูˆุนุจูˆู‡
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/aUnYaOa2QUY_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1736 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:26,890
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ 27 ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ 27
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,890 --> 00:00:34,290
7
+ ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:34,290 --> 00:00:40,730
11
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ูˆ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:40,730 --> 00:00:44,090
15
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:44,090 --> 00:00:46,750
19
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:46,750 --> 00:00:46,750
23
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:46,750 --> 00:00:46,750
27
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:46,750 --> 00:00:46,750
31
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:46,750 --> 00:00:49,230
35
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ู…ู‚ู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:49,230 --> 00:00:54,310
39
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ู…ุงุณู…ุนุชู‡ูˆุด ุณู…ุนุช ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:54,310 --> 00:00:58,790
43
+ ุจู†ุญุท ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ุจุชุชุญุท ุจุงู„ุญูŠุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง screw
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:58,790 --> 00:01:04,030
47
+ anchors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ rivets ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:04,030 --> 00:01:09,850
51
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ ูƒู„ ูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ุจุณ ุงู†ุชู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:09,850 --> 00:01:16,210
55
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ุดุจุงุจูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุจุชุชุจุทูˆุง
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:16,210 --> 00:01:22,750
59
+ ููŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ููŠ ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ needle ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:22,750 --> 00:01:28,150
63
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ rivetุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:28,150 --> 00:01:33,150
67
+ ุงู„ุดู†ุงุชูŠ ุชุจุนุชูƒู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุชุจุท ุจ needle ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:33,150 --> 00:01:39,050
71
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ flat ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ blindุงู„ blind
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:39,050 --> 00:01:42,650
75
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ needle ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎ ุฃูˆ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:42,650 --> 00:01:46,790
79
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎ ุฃูˆ ุดุจุงุจูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:46,790 --> 00:01:52,610
83
+ needle ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุงุญุด ุงู†ุช ุชุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุญุงุฌุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:52,610 --> 00:01:58,550
87
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุดุงูŠูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:58,550 --> 00:02:03,290
91
+ rivet ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ rivet ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:15,860
95
+ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌูˆู…ุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:15,860 --> 00:02:22,460
99
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุจุชุจูŠุน ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŸ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:22,460 --> 00:02:26,720
103
+ ุทูŠุจ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:30,240
107
+ screws .. screws have threaded ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุฒู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:36,280
111
+ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุชุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุชุงุจุนูŠ ููŠู‡ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:36,280 --> 00:02:39,240
115
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ screws ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ screws
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:43,160
119
+ have threaded shafts with heads ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:43,160 --> 00:02:49,630
123
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู‡ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠุฏ ุงูˆ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:49,630 --> 00:02:53,930
127
+ ุฏุฑุงุน ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุน ุญุฏ ุงูŠุด ู…ุณูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู…ุณู†ู† treaded shaft
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:53,930 --> 00:02:58,910
131
+ with heads ูˆููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุฑุงุณ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:58,910 --> 00:03:03,850
135
+ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุจุตู†ู ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุญุณุจ ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฑุงุณ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:03,850 --> 00:03:09,810
139
+ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ ูˆุญุณุจ ุงู„ tread ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:09,810 --> 00:03:15,230
143
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุจุชุตู„ุญ ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุจุชุตู„ุญ ู„ู„ุฎุดุจ ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:15,230 --> 00:03:20,880
147
+ ุจุฑุงุบูŠุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุจุซู‚ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุฒู‚ู‡ุง ู„ู‚ุฒู‚ ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:24,240
151
+ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฒู‚ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:24,240 --> 00:03:29,060
155
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุฒู‚ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:29,060 --> 00:03:32,720
159
+ ู…ุงู„ุฒู…ุด ุชุฎุฒู‚ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงูŠ ุดูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู†ูƒ ุชู„ู
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:37,940
163
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชูุชุญ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุงthey
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:37,940 --> 00:03:44,320
167
+ may be screwed into a pre-drilled hole ุงู„ุฎุฒุฌ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:44,320 --> 00:03:47,900
171
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ุง drilled for the screws to
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:47,900 --> 00:03:52,560
175
+ enter self-tapping screws
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:56,910 --> 00:04:02,370
179
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ู„ูุชูŠู‡ turn .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠ ..
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:02,370 --> 00:04:06,450
183
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูุชุญ ุงู„ุฎุฒู‚ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:06,450 --> 00:04:10,410
187
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุด
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:10,410 --> 00:04:14,570
191
+ ุงู„ุฌุงุณูŠุŒ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ marine ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:14,570 --> 00:04:19,950
195
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตูุงุฆุญ ุงู„ุฎููŠูุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:19,950 --> 00:04:23,950
199
+ ุงู„ุฌุงุณูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ู…ู„ุฒู…ุดุŒ ุงู„ุจุฑุบ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:23,950 --> 00:04:29,740
203
+ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจูŠุถู„ู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ู self-tapping screws ู‡ูŠ ู†ุญุทุชู‡ู…
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:29,740 --> 00:04:34,100
207
+ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจู„ูˆู† ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ู… ู„ุฅู† ุจู„ุฒู…ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู†
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:34,100 --> 00:04:37,860
211
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ self-tapping
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:48,140 --> 00:04:53,420
215
+ they do not require pre-drill holes they cut their
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:53,420 --> 00:04:58,140
219
+ own holes as they screwed in ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญู†ุง ู†ู„ูู‡ู… ู‡ู…
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:58,140 --> 00:05:02,800
223
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุซุบุจ ุชุจุนู‡ู… unlike bolts ุงู„ bolts ุจุชุนุฑููŠุด
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:09,580
227
+ ุฅู„ู‡ ุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฅู„ู‡ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุชู„ููŠู‡ ููŠู‡ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:09,580 --> 00:05:13,780
231
+ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:13,780 --> 00:05:14,360
235
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:14,360 --> 00:05:19,940
239
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:19,940 --> 00:05:26,980
243
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:26,980 --> 00:05:34,480
247
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:34,480 --> 00:05:36,940
251
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:36,940 --> 00:05:36,940
255
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:36,940 --> 00:05:41,470
259
+ ู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ูุงูƒ .. ุงู„ู…ูุงูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:41,470 --> 00:05:46,510
263
+ ูˆุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ูƒูŠู ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ู†ูˆุน
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:46,510 --> 00:05:51,430
267
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ูุน ู…ุนู‡ุง Most screws hid are
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:51,430 --> 00:05:55,010
271
+ designed to be screwed in using a screwdriver. The
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:55,010 --> 00:05:58,490
275
+ most common types are slots hid screwed
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:01,950 --> 00:06:07,150
279
+ head screws ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ slot head ุงูŠุด ููŠู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ูุฑุฒุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:07,150 --> 00:06:11,230
283
+ ุงู„ูุฑุฒุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู†ูˆุงุน ููŠ ูุฑุฒุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:11,230 --> 00:06:15,850
287
+ cross ููŠ ูุฑุฒุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฎุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ูˆููŠ ูุฑุฒุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:15,850 --> 00:06:21,230
291
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู†ุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ูุฑุฒุฉ ุงู„ slot head ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:21,230 --> 00:06:26,010
295
+ ุงู„ูุฑุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุงูŠุด ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… and cross head screwed
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:33,520 --> 00:06:39,560
299
+ ุงู„ู€ crosshead ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:39,560 --> 00:06:44,300
303
+ screwdriver ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุตู„ุญุช ู‡ุฏูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ูƒูŠู
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:44,300 --> 00:06:49,340
307
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ crosshead ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:49,340 --> 00:06:52,560
311
+ starhead ุงู„ starhead ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ crosshead ูˆู„ุง ุงู„
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:52,560 --> 00:06:57,420
315
+ flathead ุจุฏูƒ ุงู„ู…ูุงูƒ ุงู„ุตุญ ู„ุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูƒูŠุด
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:57,420 --> 00:07:00,100
319
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงูƒ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูƒูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูุงูƒ ู…ุงุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:00,100 --> 00:07:07,150
323
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉsmall diameter bolts which can be used with
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:07,150 --> 00:07:10,950
327
+ nuts or screwed into threaded holes are sometimes
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:10,950 --> 00:07:19,490
331
+ called machine screws ุงู„ุงู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:19,490 --> 00:07:23,290
335
+ ุงู„ machine screws ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† bolts ุจุณ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:23,290 --> 00:07:26,490
339
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุน
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:26,490 --> 00:07:31,460
343
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ boards ุจุณ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:31,460 --> 00:07:38,240
347
+ ุณู…ูˆู†ุฉ ุจุณ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸุตุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ machine
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:38,240 --> 00:07:43,020
351
+ screws ูˆ ุงู„ bolts ุฃูˆ ุงู„ screws ูˆ ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:43,020 --> 00:07:47,440
355
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุจุชุชู…
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:47,440 --> 00:07:51,400
359
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง bolts that hold components in a place by
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:54,000
363
+ pressing the end of the bolts against the
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:56,600
367
+ components in order to generate friction and
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:56,600 --> 00:08:01,240
371
+ prevent sliding are called set screwed or grab
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:01,240 --> 00:08:02,040
375
+ screws
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:12,750 --> 00:08:18,890
379
+ grab screws ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุงุฐูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐูˆู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถุบุท
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:18,890 --> 00:08:25,030
383
+ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุญุท ุงู„ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุชุจุชู‡ู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:25,030 --> 00:08:29,410
387
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน grab ุงูˆ set screws set ูŠุนู†ูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:29,410 --> 00:08:34,970
391
+ ุชุซุจูŠุช grab ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุฒูŠุฌ ุงูˆ ุงู„ damage
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:34,970 --> 00:08:40,730
395
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุงู… ู†ูˆุน ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุฎู…ุณ ุงู†ูˆุงุน
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:40,730 --> 00:08:46,400
399
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุงscrew anchors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุงุด
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:47,140 --> 00:08:54,740
403
+ ุงู„ูุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุซู„ ุฃูˆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:54,740 --> 00:09:00,340
407
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง .. ุจู†ุฎุฒู‚ ุชู‚ุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:00,340 --> 00:09:03,500
411
+ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุจู†ู„ุฒู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:03,500 --> 00:09:08,300
415
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุจู†ุนู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช fasteners
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:08,300 --> 00:09:11,560
419
+ designed to fix objects to walls ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:11,560 --> 00:09:17,220
423
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูŠุทุงู† ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ dry wallsOkay
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:17,220 --> 00:09:22,420
427
+ called screw anchors these fit into pre-drilled
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:22,420 --> 00:09:26,680
431
+ holes ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุซู‚ุจ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:26,680 --> 00:09:31,700
435
+ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ a simple screw anchor is a plastic tube
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:31,700 --> 00:09:36,180
439
+ calling a wall plug or plug ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:36,180 --> 00:09:39,580
443
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:39,580 --> 00:09:46,100
447
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุงุŸุชูุฑุฏ ุฃูˆ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:46,100 --> 00:09:51,680
451
+ expand ูู„ู…ุง ุชูุฑุฏ ูˆ expand ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู‡ุฃูŠุดุŸ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:51,680 --> 00:09:58,150
455
+ ุฃุตุนุจู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง it is inserted in a
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:58,150 --> 00:10:02,350
459
+ hole and a screw or bolt is then screwed into it
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:02,350 --> 00:10:07,110
463
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ bolt ุฃูˆ ุงู„ screw ููŠู‡ุง as it enters
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:07,110 --> 00:10:10,410
467
+ the plug the plug expand ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ diameter its
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:10,410 --> 00:10:14,610
471
+ diameter increase this increases friction allowing
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:14,610 --> 00:10:18,290
475
+ the plug to resist the pull out forces ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:18,290 --> 00:10:22,840
479
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุจุตูŠุฑ .. ุณุงุญุจู‡ุง ู…ุด ุณู‡ู„
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:26,460
483
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุตุนุจ .. ุตุนุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุญุจู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:26,460 --> 00:10:31,420
487
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณูˆูŠ the forces which will cause it
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:31,420 --> 00:10:36,960
491
+ to be pulled out of the hole if it were not firmly
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:40,920
495
+ anchored ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุจุนุถ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:40,920 --> 00:10:46,880
499
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุจุณ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:46,880 --> 00:10:53,280
503
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุช ู„ุงุฌู„ุฌ ุชู„ุนุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุตุบูŠุฑุชุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุทุนุด
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:58,680
507
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆ ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุชู†ุชู†ูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:58,680 --> 00:11:03,300
511
+ ุจุชุญุณุณ ูƒููŠู‡ ุจูŠุจุทู„ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุจูˆุตู„ู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠูˆู‚ู ู‡ุฐู‡
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:03,300 --> 00:11:06,260
515
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ exercise ุงูŠุด
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:06,260 --> 00:11:14,700
519
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญุตู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ anchors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:14,700 --> 00:11:18,300
523
+ ุงู†ุช ุงู„ anchor ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:18,300 --> 00:11:24,490
527
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง screw anchor ุฃูˆ wall plug
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:24,490 --> 00:11:31,270
531
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ expression ู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ wall plugs ููŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:31,270 --> 00:11:36,090
535
+ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ anchors ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:36,090 --> 00:11:41,610
539
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:41,610 --> 00:11:44,890
543
+ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:44,890 --> 00:11:45,450
547
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:48,600 --> 00:11:53,380
551
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุญุทูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:53,380 --> 00:11:58,420
555
+ ูˆ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุญุฒู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุชุตุจุญ expansion ุจุฑุถู‡
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:58,420 --> 00:12:04,100
559
+ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุบูŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฅุทุงุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆููŠู‡
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:04,100 --> 00:12:08,380
563
+ ุจุฑุบูŠ ูˆููŠู‡ ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:08,380 --> 00:12:11,860
567
+ ุงู„ what ุงู„ port ููŠู‡ port ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:11,860 --> 00:12:15,580
571
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุตุจุญ ุชุญุฒู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุตุจุญู‡ุง expansion ุชุตุจุญ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:15,580 --> 00:12:20,430
575
+ ุชุณุญุจูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุถุบุทูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†ุŒ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:20,430 --> 00:12:26,310
579
+ ุบูŠุฑ .. ุฃุตุนุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง an expansion anchor is another
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:26,310 --> 00:12:29,970
583
+ type of anchor it consists of a bolt fitted inside
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:29,970 --> 00:12:34,090
587
+ a metal sleeve ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:34,090 --> 00:12:38,230
591
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุจุฑุบุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:38,230 --> 00:12:42,110
595
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง bolt ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ sleeve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู‚ู…
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:43,090 --> 00:12:47,590
599
+ ูู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฅู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ุบุทุงุก ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:47,590 --> 00:12:51,690
603
+ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุบุทุงุก ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ boat ู„ู…ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:51,690 --> 00:12:56,010
607
+ ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุฏุญุฒูƒ ููŠู‡ ุงุด ู‡ุงุฏุฑุณุชูŠุฑ ุจุชูˆุณุน ุฌูˆุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:56,010 --> 00:12:59,990
611
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุชูˆุณุน ุจุฑุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ูุฑุฌูŠูƒู… ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:59,990 --> 00:13:04,800
615
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููˆุงู‡ุงThe sleeves expand as the bolt
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:04,800 --> 00:13:08,720
619
+ is tightened in the hole. ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุฐู‚
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:08,720 --> 00:13:13,640
623
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉุŒ ุฃูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐูŠุŸ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุถูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชูุชุญุŒ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:13,640 --> 00:13:18,740
627
+ ุชูุชุญ ุฃูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุณูƒุฑ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:18,740 --> 00:13:23,630
631
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุชุทู„ุนูŠู‡ุงin cases where pull-out
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:23,630 --> 00:13:28,550
635
+ forces are very high chemical anchors can be used
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:28,550 --> 00:13:32,210
639
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญู„ุงุช ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุชุจุช
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:32,210 --> 00:13:36,030
643
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชุชุจุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุญุท chemical ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:36,030 --> 00:13:39,590
647
+ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ุจุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุญุท ุงู„
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:39,590 --> 00:13:44,390
651
+ anchor ุงู„ anchor ุจู„ุฒู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุชู„ุฒู‚ุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:44,390 --> 00:13:47,970
655
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง permanent ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุทู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ุงุทู„ุนู‡
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:47,970 --> 00:13:54,030
659
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉThese are studs threaded bars into which
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:54,030 --> 00:13:59,330
663
+ nuts can be screwed. The studs are set in.ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:59,330 --> 00:14:04,310
667
+ ุงูŠุด ุจุงุถูŠู ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง lucket ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:09,950
671
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุชุถูŠููŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุชุญุณูƒูŠ ุชู†ููƒุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:09,950 --> 00:14:14,930
675
+ ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตู…ุบ ุจุชุตูŠุฑูุงู†ุช ุจุชุจุทู„ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุทู„ุน ุฒูŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:14,930 --> 00:14:20,030
679
+ ุงู„ุตู…ุบ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุฏ ู…ุด ุตู…ุบ ุจุณูŠุท that is held in the hole
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:20,030 --> 00:14:24,890
683
+ by adhesive most chemical anchors are set in two
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:24,890 --> 00:14:29,330
687
+ holes using a strong adhesive called epoxy resin
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:29,330 --> 00:14:33,710
691
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ epoxy ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุน ุงู„
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:33,710 --> 00:14:35,290
695
+ plastics
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:42,200
699
+ ุงู„ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงุจุงูƒุณูŠ ุฑูŠุฒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:47,680
703
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู† ุญุฏ ู…ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:47,680 --> 00:14:55,950
707
+ ุชุญุณู‚ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต ุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชุฑูุนูŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ rivets
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:55,950 --> 00:14:59,550
711
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุดุงู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ needle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒูˆุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:59,550 --> 00:15:04,290
715
+ ุชุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ rivets are permanent fasteners
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:04,290 --> 00:15:08,450
719
+ ุงูˆ fasteners ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู„ูŠุด permanent fastenersุŸ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:08,450 --> 00:15:11,910
723
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฏู‡ ุญุทูŠุช .. ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุดุงู…ุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชููƒูŠู‡ุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:11,910 --> 00:15:16,370
727
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุŸุฅุฐุง ููƒุชูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุชุฎุฑุจุŒ ุฎู„ุงุตุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:16,370 --> 00:15:20,130
731
+ ุจุฏุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€screwedุŒ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:20,130 --> 00:15:24,730
735
+ ุงู„ู€screwed ุจู†ุทู„ุนูˆู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฑุฌุนู‡ They cannot be
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:24,730 --> 00:15:29,070
739
+ unscrewedุŒ a solid rivetุŒ solid ู‡ูŠ consist of a
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:29,070 --> 00:15:33,470
743
+ short solid shaft of metal with a headat one end
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:33,470 --> 00:15:37,070
747
+ called the factory head ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:37,070 --> 00:15:42,190
751
+ rivet ุงูŠุด ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู„ู‡ุง ุฑุฃุณ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงูŠุด
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:42,190 --> 00:15:47,930
755
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุทุนุดุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ู‚ุจู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุนุด
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:47,930 --> 00:15:53,510
759
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ factory head ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน solid
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:53,510 --> 00:15:58,210
763
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ solid rivet ุงู„ solid rivet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:58,210 --> 00:16:02,450
767
+ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู‡ู†ุงthe rivet is inserted through a pre
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:02,450 --> 00:16:05,450
771
+ -drilled hole then a special tool is used to
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:05,450 --> 00:16:09,450
775
+ deform ุงูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ deformุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:09,450 --> 00:16:12,950
779
+ ุงู„ุดู†ุงุฏูŠุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุฏู„ุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:12,950 --> 00:16:16,410
783
+ ุฎุงุตุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูƒุดุงุทุงุชุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณุบู…ูˆู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุงุชู…ุง ุงู†ูƒุจุณุช
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:16,410 --> 00:16:23,530
787
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠุดุŸ DeformedDeformed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:23,530 --> 00:16:28,110
791
+ ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุงุชุดูˆู‘ู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุจุทู„ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:28,110 --> 00:16:31,310
795
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุŒ it changed the shape of the other end
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:31,310 --> 00:16:34,970
799
+ of the rivet, flattening and widening it to form a
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:34,970 --> 00:16:38,850
803
+ second hit called the sharp hit. ุงู„ุฃู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุจุตู‡ุงุŒ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:38,850 --> 00:16:41,990
807
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ ููŠ ุฑุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ูˆุดุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:41,990 --> 00:16:47,510
811
+ ุฌูˆุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ุฑุงุณ ุนู„ู‰
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:47,510 --> 00:16:49,570
815
+ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:49,570 --> 00:16:52,870
819
+ flattening ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฑุงุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:52,870 --> 00:16:56,910
823
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู†ุญุดุฑุช ุจูŠู† ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:56,910 --> 00:17:01,130
827
+ ุฑุงุณ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑุงุณ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฅูŠุดุŒ ู„ูˆ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:01,130 --> 00:17:04,630
831
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุฑุงุณ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:04,630 --> 00:17:09,980
835
+ ู„ู…ุง ุฃูƒุจุณู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸexpanse ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู†
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:09,980 --> 00:17:12,740
839
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:12,740 --> 00:17:17,940
843
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ factory head ูˆุงู„ุดุฌุฉ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:17,940 --> 00:17:21,720
847
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:21,720 --> 00:17:30,660
851
+ ุงู„ุดุงุจ head ุดุงุจ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุงู„ุฏูƒุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:30,660 --> 00:17:36,020
855
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดุบู„ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู…ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุดุงุจ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:43,300
859
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุดุบู„ุช .. ุงู†ุดุบู„ุช ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุดุบู„ุช ุงู†ุนู…ู„ุช
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:43,300 --> 00:17:47,180
863
+ ุงูˆ ุงู†ุดุบู„ุช ู shop head solid rivets are widely used
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:47,180 --> 00:17:52,160
867
+ in aircraft ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุงุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:52,160 --> 00:17:56,420
871
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฏู‚ูˆู‚ุฉ ุฏู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุฑุงุช ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:56,420 --> 00:18:00,840
875
+ ุงู„ูุฑุด ุชุจุน ุงู„ุตูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:05,540
879
+ ุงู„ุดู†ุงุชูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงุนูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:06,390 --> 00:18:09,750
883
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงูŠุฑ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนูŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:09,750 --> 00:18:16,640
887
+ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ูƒุจุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู‡ู… rivets
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:16,640 --> 00:18:20,620
891
+ solid rivets ู„ุฃู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุฏุฎู„ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:20,620 --> 00:18:25,280
895
+ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชูƒุจุณ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชูู„ุทุญ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:25,280 --> 00:18:29,840
899
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:29,840 --> 00:18:35,280
903
+ ุจุชูู„ุทุญ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุนูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:35,280 --> 00:18:40,290
907
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎุตูˆุต ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ู„ุฃุจุชุชุจุช
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:40,290 --> 00:18:47,890
911
+ ุชุชุจูŠุช ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุจุช ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ set ุงู„ blind
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:47,890 --> 00:18:55,250
915
+ rivet ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง solid ู‡ุฐู‡ solid rivet
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:55,250 --> 00:19:00,150
919
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง blind ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ุชุจุนุงุช
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:00,150 --> 00:19:08,370
923
+ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฑูŠููŠุช ุงูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:08,370 --> 00:19:12,210
927
+ ุจุงุจ ุฑูŠููŠุช are made from hollow tubes and are
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:12,210 --> 00:19:15,850
931
+ fitted using a tool called rivet gun ุงู„ rivet gun
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:15,850 --> 00:19:19,530
935
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุตูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:19,530 --> 00:19:23,790
939
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฑุงุณ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ ูˆ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:23,790 --> 00:19:26,730
943
+ ุจุฏุฎู„ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู‚ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠุนุตู‡ ูˆ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:26,730 --> 00:19:32,230
947
+ ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง expansion
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:32,230 --> 00:19:35,390
951
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ .. ู‡ุงุฏ ุดุงูŠู ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูุฉุŸ ู‡ุงุฏ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:35,390 --> 00:19:39,270
955
+ ุจุชูƒุจุณ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจุณุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู†ู‡ ุฎู„ุงุต
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:39,270 --> 00:19:44,190
959
+ ุงุชุซุจุชุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูƒุชูŠู† ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุงู†
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:44,190 --> 00:19:45,810
963
+ ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู‡ุง ูุงุฑุฌูŠู†ุงูƒูˆุง
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:48,130 --> 00:19:51,630
967
+ blind rivets are not suitable for high strength
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:51,630 --> 00:19:57,150
971
+ joints ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู„ุงุญุธุชูŠ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† .. ูƒู„ูƒู…
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:57,150 --> 00:19:59,950
975
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูˆุงุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุญู…ุงู…ุงุช ูˆ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:59,950 --> 00:20:04,110
979
+ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ู…ุน
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:04,110 --> 00:20:09,870
983
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุญุตู„ู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงูŠุด
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:09,870 --> 00:20:15,600
987
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠูƒุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉู…ุตุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:15,600 --> 00:20:20,340
991
+ joints ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุชุญู…ู„ high strength
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:20,340 --> 00:20:22,880
995
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ุง ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุตุบุงุฑ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:22,880 --> 00:20:27,060
999
+ ุทุงู„ุน ุจุถุฑุจู‡ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจุถุฑุจู‡ ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:27,060 --> 00:20:30,400
1003
+ .. ุจุชุฎู„ุฎู„ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠูƒุญุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:30,400 --> 00:20:35,920
1007
+ ุจุชุชุจุชุดูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงุดูŠุงุก ู„ heavy duty ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:35,920 --> 00:20:39,380
1011
+ ุฎููŠูุฉ ูˆ ุจูˆุงุจ ุงู„ุฎุงุฒู†ุงุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:39,380 --> 00:20:45,180
1015
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠูƒุง ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุงุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:45,180 --> 00:20:48,660
1019
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ exercise ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ in this exercise
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:48,660 --> 00:20:51,820
1023
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง make words combination with screws
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:51,820 --> 00:20:55,680
1027
+ using words from a and b opposite then match the
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:55,680 --> 00:20:58,860
1031
+ combination with these with the description below
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:58,860 --> 00:21:02,600
1035
+ one description can be used twice ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุทู„ุน
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:02,600 --> 00:21:08,360
1039
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู… ุฎูŠุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:08,360 --> 00:21:14,200
1043
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง screw is a tin boltmachine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:19,840
1047
+ ุงู„ machine ู‡ูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:19,840 --> 00:21:23,720
1051
+ bolts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุณู…ูˆู†ุง ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู„
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:28,640
1055
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง machine bolts ุทูŠุจ a
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:28,640 --> 00:21:31,920
1059
+ screw does not require predrilling ู…ูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:31,920 --> 00:21:37,140
1063
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ drill ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ self-tapping
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:49,010 --> 00:21:53,890
1067
+ ุณู„ุงุช ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:53,890 --> 00:22:02,010
1071
+ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎุท ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุงู† screw fit
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:02,010 --> 00:22:08,450
1075
+ screwdriver with x shape profile at the end ุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:08,450 --> 00:22:13,540
1079
+ cross ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:24,680
1083
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญุฒูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ slotted ุงูˆ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:24,680 --> 00:22:29,960
1087
+ flatted screwdriver ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง cross ุงูˆ phillips
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:37,240
1091
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุงูƒ phillips ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:41,820
1095
+ fifth one ุงูŠุด screws apply pressure at its end to
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:41,820 --> 00:22:47,340
1099
+ hold a component in placeุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูˆ grab
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:47,340 --> 00:22:51,160
1103
+ screw ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุจุชุชุจุช ู„ูˆ ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:57,460
1107
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุชุจุชู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† complete the article from a
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:57,460 --> 00:23:00,580
1111
+ home improvement magazine using the words in the
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:00,580 --> 00:23:04,820
1115
+ box look at a and b opposite to help you ุงู„ุงู†
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:04,820 --> 00:23:09,300
1119
+ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ home improvement magazine ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูŠุดุŸู‡ุฐู‡
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:09,300 --> 00:23:14,900
1123
+ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู…ุชุฎุตุตุฉ ููŠ ูƒูŠู ุชุญุณู† ุจูŠุชูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู†ุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:14,900 --> 00:23:20,020
1127
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุจูŠุชู‡ ู‚ุงุฆู… ุดุฌุฉ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:20,020 --> 00:23:24,520
1131
+ ูƒูŠู ู†ุนู…ู„ improvement ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ุงุธุจุท
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:28,140
1135
+ ุงู„ุณุชูŠุฑ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ุงุนู…ู„ redecoration ู„ู„ living room
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:28,140 --> 00:23:33,880
1139
+ ู„ู„ูƒุชุดู† ู„ู„ bathroom ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:33,880 --> 00:23:39,260
1143
+ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ุจุฑูˆู…ุงู† how not to use wall plug
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:39,260 --> 00:23:45,120
1147
+ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ุด ู…ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุด ุงู„ูุฌู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:45,120 --> 00:23:49,640
1151
+ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ you check the diameter of the hole
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:49,640 --> 00:23:53,880
1155
+ required then choose a drill bit one millimeter
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:53,880 --> 00:23:58,040
1159
+ narrower ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠ ู„ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:58,040 --> 00:24:03,700
1163
+ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุถุงู ุญุตุญุฌู… ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:03,700 --> 00:24:09,840
1167
+ ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุฑูŠุดุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุญ one millimeter smaller ุงูˆ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:09,840 --> 00:24:16,840
1171
+ narrower ู„ูŠุด ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุงูˆุชุฏุฎู„ ุจุงู„ู‡ุงุชู
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:16,840 --> 00:24:21,800
1175
+ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ุฏุญ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฏุญ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจูˆุณุน ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:26,040
1179
+ one millimeter ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ุชูŠู‡ุง ุงูƒุจุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู‡
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:26,040 --> 00:24:30,500
1183
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุตุงุฑุช loose ุจุฏูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุจุชูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุญุทู‡ุง
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:30,500 --> 00:24:37,940
1187
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุฑู‚ clinics ุญุงุฌุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒุจุฑ .. ุชุณูƒุฑ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:37,940 --> 00:24:43,020
1191
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚you've tried drilling the specified hole
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:43,020 --> 00:24:47,840
1195
+ size many many many times in the past and only for
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:47,840 --> 00:24:52,540
1199
+ it to be too big ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ุช ุญูˆู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฑุงุช
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:52,540 --> 00:25:00,500
1203
+ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุฅู†ูƒ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุชู‚ุจ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:00,500 --> 00:25:08,190
1207
+ ู…ุฑุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ only for it to be too bigู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:08,190 --> 00:25:12,830
1211
+ ู„ุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุทูŠุจ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:12,830 --> 00:25:17,110
1215
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:17,110 --> 00:25:22,290
1219
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุณู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง to pick the ash spinning in
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:22,290 --> 00:25:27,490
1223
+ the hole ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุฏุทู„ุนุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏุฏุฎู„ู‡ ููŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:27,490 --> 00:25:34,550
1227
+ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ hole ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจุŸ ุงู„ plugู…ุธุจูˆุท ูุงู†ุช
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:34,550 --> 00:25:38,130
1231
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ู…ุนู„ู…ูƒ ุงูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู ุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ุจุชุฌุฑูŠ ุงูŠุด
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:38,130 --> 00:25:46,170
1235
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุดุบู„ ู…ุฌูˆุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูู‡ู†ุง only too big
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:46,170 --> 00:25:49,150
1239
+ leaving the plug ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ plug ุดุทุจู†ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:49,150 --> 00:25:55,410
1243
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง leaving the plug ุงูŠุดุŸspinning in the hole
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:55,410 --> 00:25:59,290
1247
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ plug ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชุงุจุทุฉ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:59,290 --> 00:26:02,990
1251
+ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุชู„ู ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ screw ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:02,990 --> 00:26:11,290
1255
+ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ู„ู ู…ุญุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู…ุณูƒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท only to leave the
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:11,290 --> 00:26:15,470
1259
+ plug spinning in the hole when you try to tighten
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:15,470 --> 00:26:19,670
1263
+ ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุนู…ู„ tightening ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:19,670 --> 00:26:20,850
1267
+ screw ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:24,320 --> 00:26:28,120
1271
+ ุงู†ุช ู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูุถู„ ุงู† ุชู‚ูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุจุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู„ูƒูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:28,120 --> 00:26:33,740
1275
+ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงูƒุจุฑ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:40,080
1279
+ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุจุฑุบุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุฒุจุท ูŠุฏุฎู„ ูˆู…ุง ุฒุจุทุด
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:44,680
1283
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุญุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณูƒุฑ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:44,680 --> 00:26:48,720
1287
+ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงุฌ ูˆ ุฃูุชุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .. ูŠู…ูƒู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:52,780
1291
+ ุงุชุนู„ู…ุช ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฑุณ ู†ุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุจูŠุช
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:52,780 --> 00:26:56,440
1295
+ ู„ุจูŠุช ุฅุฐุง ู…ุฎุฒู‚ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุงู† ุจุฏูŠูƒ ุชุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงุฌ .. ุงู„ุฎุฒุงุฌ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:56,440 --> 00:27:02,690
1299
+ ู‡ุงุฏ ูˆ ุชุฏู‡ู† ูˆ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุฏูุน ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง depositูุตุงุญุจ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:02,690 --> 00:27:08,570
1303
+ ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฑ ุจุตู„ุญ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุจุนุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุงุชูˆุฑุฉ ู .. ู .. ูุฃู†ุง ู…ู†
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:08,570 --> 00:27:12,310
1307
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุจูŠุชูŠ ุจุญุจ ุดุฎุต ุฃูŠ ุฎุฒู‚ ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ู„ุฒูˆู…
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:12,310 --> 00:27:15,390
1311
+ ูุฃูŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:15,390 --> 00:27:20,010
1315
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ .. ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนูˆุฏ ุฃู†ุง ุชุนูˆุฏุช ุฅู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุฎุฒู‚
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:20,010 --> 00:27:23,410
1319
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ู„ุฒูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ูˆุด ู„ุฅู† ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:23,410 --> 00:27:26,990
1323
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู„ุญู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏูุน ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุชุตู„ูŠุญู‡ ูุงุชุนู„ู…ุช ุนู†
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:26,990 --> 00:27:31,890
1327
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ูุด ุซู‚ุจ ุจุญุจ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุฅู„ุง ุนู†ุฏ .. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฒูˆุฌ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:31,890 --> 00:27:34,770
1331
+ ุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒุนุฌ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:34,770 --> 00:27:39,870
1335
+ ูˆ ุงู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ุจุชู„ุฒู…ุด ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฎู„ุงุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุชุนูˆุฏู†ุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:39,870 --> 00:27:45,390
1339
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุนูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:45,390 --> 00:27:52,270
1343
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุดุŸ tight fit tight fit ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:52,270 --> 00:27:58,750
1347
+ ู„ู…ุง .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฑูƒุจ ุญุฒู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ tight fit ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุชุฑูƒุจ ุญุฒู‚
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:01,040 --> 00:28:04,760
1351
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ tight fit so you drill a smaller hole than
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:04,760 --> 00:28:08,480
1355
+ suggests then attempt to hammer it in .. to hammer
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:12,960
1359
+ in the plug ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุชุฌูŠุจ ุฎุฒูƒ ุฃุตุบุฑ ูˆ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:12,960 --> 00:28:18,620
1363
+ ุจุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ูุฌุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุงุŸ ุจู†ุฏู‚ู‡ุง ู„ุฌูˆุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:18,620 --> 00:28:23,530
1367
+ ุตุญุŸู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู†
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:23,530 --> 00:28:27,590
1371
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ ุจูŠุญุท .. ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุญุท ุฅูŠุด ุฏู‡ ุจุจูˆุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:27,590 --> 00:28:31,790
1375
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ุงุช ุจุณ ุจุฏุฎู„ูˆุด ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจูŠุญุท ูŠุฏู‡ ุจุฑุงุณู‡ ูˆ ุจุฏู‚ ุนู„ู‰
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:31,790 --> 00:28:37,250
1379
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ูุจุชุฏุฎู„ .. ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุญุท ู‡ุงุฏ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:37,250 --> 00:28:41,470
1383
+ ุจูŠุณุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู†ุนู…ู„ ุตุญ ู…ุง ุงู†ุนู…ู„ุด ุฒูŠูƒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:41,470 --> 00:28:48,300
1387
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู† ุนู…ู„ ุบู„ุทit .. it .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช too tight ุฃูˆ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:48,300 --> 00:28:53,980
1391
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุนู‡ ุฏูŠู‚ุŒ ุฅูŠุด
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:53,980 --> 00:28:59,020
1395
+ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ it bends sidewaysุŒ ุจุชู†ุชู†ูŠ ุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุจุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:59,020 --> 00:29:01,920
1399
+ ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุฃูˆ ุดุงูŠููƒ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:01,920 --> 00:29:08,520
1403
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู…ูŠู„ ุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:13,800
1407
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ุจ ู…ุซู„ุงุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ..
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:13,800 --> 00:29:18,720
1411
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู…ูŠู„ ุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:23,100
1415
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุฅู†ุชู†ุช ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุตุงุฑุช ุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ ูˆู…ุงุดูŠุฉ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:23,100 --> 00:29:28,160
1419
+ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ู…ุด ู‡ุชุธุจุท ูุฃุณู‡ู„
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:31,720
1423
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุญูƒุงุชูŠ ุจู‚ุต ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุจ .. ุฏู‡ ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:33,920
1427
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุณุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ูˆ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:40,140 --> 00:29:45,740
1431
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุงูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ูˆุณุน
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:45,740 --> 00:29:53,080
1435
+ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ุดูˆูŠุฉ eventually you manage to get a plug
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:53,080 --> 00:29:59,960
1439
+ into the hole ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู‡ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุฏุฎู„ูŠ ูุฌู„ุฉ ููŠ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:59,960 --> 00:30:02,420
1443
+ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:05,170 --> 00:30:08,370
1447
+ get a plug into the wall you insert the end of the
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:08,370 --> 00:30:12,650
1451
+ screw pick up your ุงูŠุด and get to work ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุช
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:12,650 --> 00:30:16,110
1455
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชู„ุญูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุณูƒุช ุฏุฎู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ุจุฏู‡
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:16,110 --> 00:30:22,010
1459
+ ุงุนู…ู„ูƒุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ูˆ ุงู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ screw driver ูˆ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:22,010 --> 00:30:26,250
1463
+ ุงู„ู ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ you pick your ุงูŠุด
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:26,250 --> 00:30:32,570
1467
+ screw driver ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุทูŠุจ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:32,570 --> 00:30:33,530
1471
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:38,240 --> 00:30:44,240
1475
+ it is certainly in a tight fit and hard work and
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:44,240 --> 00:30:49,940
1479
+ as a screw goes in and the plug start to expand
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:49,940 --> 00:30:53,320
1483
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูุฌู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:53,320 --> 00:30:57,260
1487
+ it expand start to expand
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:59,420 --> 00:31:03,280
1491
+ the going get harder by the time the screws
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:03,280 --> 00:31:07,180
1495
+ halfway in the screwdriver has slipped off the
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:07,180 --> 00:31:12,580
1499
+ screw so many times ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุฏุฎู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:12,580 --> 00:31:19,840
1503
+ ุจุฏูŠุช ุงุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ู†ุต ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุญุฒู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:19,840 --> 00:31:29,940
1507
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุชู†ู‡ุฑูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุญุท ุงู„ู…ููƒ ุฃู„ูู‡ุจูู„ุช ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:29,940 --> 00:31:34,880
1511
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง cross ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ cross ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุฃูƒู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:34,880 --> 00:31:39,400
1515
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุชุฃูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุดูˆูŠุฉ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:39,400 --> 00:31:42,440
1519
+ ู„ู…ุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:42,440 --> 00:31:52,440
1523
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุชุจุทู„ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ูุดูŠ ูุดูŠ ุงู„ cross ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุญูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:52,440 --> 00:31:55,620
1527
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู„ู‡ the screwdriver has slipped off
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:55,620 --> 00:32:03,020
1531
+ slipped off ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูู„ู‘ุช so many times that what
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:03,020 --> 00:32:08,040
1535
+ used to be ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ cross head
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:08,040 --> 00:32:14,760
1539
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒูˆูŠุณ pattern on the screw ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุงูŠ on the
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:14,760 --> 00:32:18,540
1543
+ screw ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ head ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:21,400 --> 00:32:25,660
1547
+ now more like a smooth round hole ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:25,660 --> 00:32:33,660
1551
+ ุฅูŠุด ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠ ูˆู…ู„ุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ููƒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุฑูƒุจุด it
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:33,660 --> 00:32:40,780
1555
+ is impossible to screw in any further or unscrewed
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:40,780 --> 00:32:44,920
1559
+ ูุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู„ู…ุง ู†ูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจู†ุจุทู„ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู†
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:45,720 --> 00:32:50,320
1563
+ ุงู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ู‚ุฏุฑูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู†ููƒู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:59,020
1567
+ ุจุทู„ ูŠุดุชุบู„ So you take a pair of pliers ุฅูŠุด pliersุŸ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:59,020 --> 00:33:04,500
1571
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุด ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู„ุฃ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฏู†ุด ู…ุด
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:33:04,500 --> 00:33:10,960
1575
+ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุณุฃู„ ุจู†ุงุชูŠ ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจู„ูŠ ูƒู„
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:33:10,960 --> 00:33:16,090
1579
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉุฃุฎูˆู†ุง ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฌูŠู ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุญุงูุธุช
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:33:16,090 --> 00:33:21,070
1583
+ ูˆุฑูˆุญ ูŠุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงุดุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:21,070 --> 00:33:31,350
1587
+ ููŠ cross head ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:31,350 --> 00:33:32,970
1591
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:42,680
1595
+ ูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ pair ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู„ุฒู‚ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:33:42,680 --> 00:33:51,280
1599
+ ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชูƒู…ุดูŠู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุชุทู„ุนูŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ pair of
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:33:51,280 --> 00:33:57,520
1603
+ pliersa pair of pliers grip the end of the screw
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:33:57,520 --> 00:34:01,680
1607
+ ู„ุงู† ุงู†ุช ุจุชู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŸ an attempt to
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:34:01,680 --> 00:34:05,300
1611
+ drag the whole thing out of the wall ุจุชุญุงูˆู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:05,300 --> 00:34:10,660
1615
+ ุชุณุญุจูŠู‡ุง ุจุฑุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. but ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุŸ the
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:34:10,660 --> 00:34:17,920
1619
+ pull out force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงis beyond the power of
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:34:17,920 --> 00:34:24,660
1623
+ your now aching arms ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃู† ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ูˆุฌุนุชูƒ ูˆ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:34:24,660 --> 00:34:30,040
1627
+ ุฃู†ุช ุฅูŠุด ุชุดุฏู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู† ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุตุญุจ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ุชุนุจุงู†ุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:34:30,040 --> 00:34:35,500
1631
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ู„ุฃู† ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ุงู„ุชุนุจุงู†ุฉ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:34:35,500 --> 00:34:41,560
1635
+ aching arms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุนุจุงู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุนุฉ the
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:34:41,560 --> 00:34:48,510
1639
+ screw might as well be ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠุด withุจุงูƒุณูŠ ุฑูŠุฒูŠู† set in
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:34:48,510 --> 00:34:53,730
1643
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุชุช ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู†
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:34:53,730 --> 00:35:01,650
1647
+ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ุณู‡
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:01,650 --> 00:35:09,090
1651
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ match ุฅูŠุด
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:09,090 --> 00:35:16,920
1655
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง revet gun ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุฃูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:16,920 --> 00:35:22,020
1659
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุจุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ ููŠู‡
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:35:22,020 --> 00:35:27,280
1663
+ ุณูˆุงุก ู„ูู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ู„ุตุงู„ูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ู„ุจู„ุงูŠุฏ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:35:30,860 --> 00:35:37,460
1667
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุฎู„ุต
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:35:37,460 --> 00:35:40,900
1671
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑุดูˆู…ุฉ factory head ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:35:40,900 --> 00:35:45,820
1675
+ ุจุชุถุงู„ู‡ุง ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ solid rivet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ flat ู‡ุฐุง
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:35:45,820 --> 00:35:49,360
1679
+ ุงู„ blind rivet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:35:49,360 --> 00:35:53,300
1683
+ needle a type of fastener that is hollow ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:35:53,300 --> 00:36:00,770
1687
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ blind riveta type of fastener that
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:00,770 --> 00:36:08,330
1691
+ is not hollow solid ุงุชูˆู„
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:08,330 --> 00:36:13,730
1695
+ used for installing a type of fastener ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:36:13,730 --> 00:36:18,690
1699
+ ุงู„ rivet gun the white part at the top of the
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:36:18,690 --> 00:36:23,930
1703
+ rivet present when the rivet is supplied ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:36:23,930 --> 00:36:30,400
1707
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ุŒ when
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:36:30,400 --> 00:36:33,780
1711
+ the revet is suppliedุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุนุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:36:33,780 --> 00:36:40,060
1715
+ ุงูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† factory headุŒ ุงู„ุงู† the part of the
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:36:40,060 --> 00:36:43,400
1719
+ bottom of the revet formed after the revet is ..
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:36:43,400 --> 00:36:49,410
1723
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ shop headุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุฉ ุญุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:36:49,410 --> 00:36:52,110
1727
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ video ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:36:52,110 --> 00:36:59,310
1731
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุงุดูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:36:59,310 --> 00:37:01,990
1735
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุง ุชุณุชูˆุนุจูˆู‡
1736
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/cm_F4Z_jq78.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1199 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:23,690 --> 00:00:30,090
3
+ ุฏุฌูŠุชุงู„ ูˆูˆุฑุชุง ุญู„ูˆ ุญู„ูˆ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:31,390 --> 00:00:36,470
7
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ 28ุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ 28 ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:36,470 --> 00:00:42,050
11
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ 27 ูˆ 26 ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:42,050 --> 00:00:47,650
15
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ู…ูุงุชูŠุญ ูˆู…ูุงุชูŠุญ ูˆู…ูุงุชูŠุญ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:47,650 --> 00:00:53,380
19
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ non-
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:53,380 --> 00:00:56,700
23
+ mechanicalุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ูˆูŠู„ุฏู†ุฌ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:56,700 --> 00:00:58,240
27
+ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:06,120
31
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:06,120 --> 00:01:10,060
35
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:10,060 --> 00:01:13,400
39
+ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุน
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:13,400 --> 00:01:23,550
43
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆู…ุดูุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ joining ู„ู‡ุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:29,250
47
+ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง filler ุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:29,770 --> 00:01:32,570
51
+ The heat melts the edges of the components being
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:32,570 --> 00:01:35,670
55
+ welded together and once the material becomes
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:35,670 --> 00:01:42,330
59
+ molten, fusion occursุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณูŠุญ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:42,330 --> 00:01:46,430
63
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุชู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ูุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:46,430 --> 00:01:53,620
67
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุชูู…
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:53,620 --> 00:01:59,180
71
+ ุฑุจุทู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุญุงู…ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:59,180 --> 00:02:03,740
75
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู„ุงุญู… fusion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด fusion ุชู„ุงุญู…
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:03,740 --> 00:02:10,460
79
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุงู„ุชุญุงู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ุทูŠุจ when the joint fuses
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:10,460 --> 00:02:13,680
83
+ material from each component is mixed together
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:18,140
87
+ joining to mix together, joining to form a solid
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:18,140 --> 00:02:23,600
91
+ wellุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุณูŠุญูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูˆุงุŸ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ู…ุน
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:23,600 --> 00:02:30,740
95
+ ุจุนุถุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุตู„ุจุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:30,740 --> 00:02:35,940
99
+ metal is often welded, it is also possible to weld
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:35,940 --> 00:02:41,820
103
+ plasticุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ plastic
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:41,820 --> 00:02:44,440
107
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุŒ ุจุณ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:48,950 --> 00:02:51,950
111
+ Welding is usually used to join components of the
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:51,950 --> 00:02:55,570
115
+ same base metalsุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏู‡
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:55,570 --> 00:03:00,230
119
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณุชูŠู„ Iron and steel ุจู†ุนู…ู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:00,230 --> 00:03:07,090
123
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุญุงู…ุŒ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ joints
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:07,090 --> 00:03:11,190
127
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ that is
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:11,190 --> 00:03:13,670
131
+ the metal the components are made ofุŒ it is
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:13,670 --> 00:03:18,110
135
+ possible though more and more difficult to weld
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:18,110 --> 00:03:22,960
139
+ certain dissimilar materialsุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ุญู…
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:22,960 --> 00:03:29,300
143
+ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู†ุญุงุณ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ steel ุฃูˆ ู†ุญุงุณ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:29,300 --> 00:03:34,240
147
+ brass ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ูู…ู…ูƒู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:34,240 --> 00:03:40,020
151
+ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุตุนูˆุจุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุนุงู…ู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:40,020 --> 00:03:45,740
155
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุงู†ูƒู…ุงุด ุจูŠุฎุชู„ูุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู‡ู… ู„ู…ุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:45,740 --> 00:03:50,920
159
+ ู†ูŠุจุฑุฏูˆุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุจุฑุฏ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:50,920 --> 00:03:56,640
163
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุชุดู‚ู‚ ูˆุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ joints ุถุนูŠูุฉุŒ for
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:56,640 --> 00:04:00,080
167
+ exampleุŒ copper can be welded to steelุŒ often a
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:00,080 --> 00:04:03,420
171
+ filler is added during the weldingุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:03,420 --> 00:04:07,320
175
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุญุท ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:07,320 --> 00:04:12,020
179
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุตู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ fillerุŒ ูู„ูŠุดุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:12,020 --> 00:04:16,380
183
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู†ุตู‡ุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ ู…ุด
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:16,380 --> 00:04:22,200
187
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุตู‡ุฑู‡ู†ุŒ This is a new material of
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:24,860
191
+ the same type as the base metal which is melted
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:24,860 --> 00:04:29,860
195
+ into the weld ballุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุจุญูŠุฑุฉ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:29,860 --> 00:04:35,520
199
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุญูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุญุงู…ุŒ The molten
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:39,820
203
+ metal are the joints during the welding
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:43,260 --> 00:04:46,180
207
+ Common gas and arc welding techniquesุŒ Shielded
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:46,180 --> 00:04:51,680
211
+ metal arc welding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูุชู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:57,440
215
+ one problem in welding is discontinuity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:57,440 --> 00:05:05,810
219
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ ุญู‚ ููŠ ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:05,810 --> 00:05:10,110
223
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ where joints are not completely solidุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:10,110 --> 00:05:16,470
227
+ ู…ุด ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูุฑุงุบุงุชุŒ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠุŒ another problem
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:16,470 --> 00:05:20,410
231
+ is residual stressุŒ ุงู„ู€ residual stress ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:20,410 --> 00:05:24,810
235
+ ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู„ุญู… ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจุนุถ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:24,810 --> 00:05:28,110
239
+ ุจู„ุญู… ุงู„ู€ joints ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ู‡ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:28,110 --> 00:05:33,810
243
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุถุนูŠูุฉ ู…ู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:33,810 --> 00:05:38,990
247
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุชู†ุดุฃ ู…ุญุทู…ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุงุชุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:38,990 --> 00:05:44,690
251
+ ุชุญุฏุซ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ welding ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ welding
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:44,690 --> 00:05:51,000
255
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ link mesh ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุจุฑุฏ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:54,580
259
+ ุงู„ุญุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตู‡ุงุฑ ุชุจุฑุฏุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ ุจุชุดุฏ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:54,580 --> 00:05:57,960
263
+ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุถุบุท
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:02,240
267
+ ุถุนูŠูุฉุŒ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู€ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:02,240 --> 00:06:05,000
271
+ ุจู„ุญู… ู‡ูˆ ุจุดูˆู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุญู… ุจุดูˆู ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:09,560
275
+ ู‡ูˆ ู„ุญู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูุฑุถุชุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:09,560 --> 00:06:15,800
279
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู„ุญู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตู‡ุงุฑ ุฃุถุนู ..
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:21,270
283
+ ุฃุถุนู ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุฑุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุญุตู„ุช
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:21,270 --> 00:06:26,030
287
+ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชูˆุชุฑ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:26,030 --> 00:06:32,010
291
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุฑุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจุฑู‘ุฏ ุงู„ุจุญุฑุŒ It can
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:32,010 --> 00:06:36,250
295
+ also occur in the heat affected zoneุŒ the material
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:36,250 --> 00:06:39,530
299
+ close to the weld ball which is subject to high
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:39,530 --> 00:06:43,090
303
+ temperature and was modified by the heatุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:43,090 --> 00:06:47,350
307
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุตู‡ุงุฑ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:47,350 --> 00:06:52,230
311
+ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:52,230 --> 00:06:57,440
315
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุถุนู ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุตุงุฑุช ุงู†ุตู‡ุงุฑุช ูˆุตุงุฑุช ุฃุถุนู ู…ู†
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:57,440 --> 00:07:00,840
319
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ common gas and arc welding
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:00,840 --> 00:07:04,480
323
+ techniqueุŒ shielding metalุŒ arc welding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:04,480 --> 00:07:09,200
327
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ electrical ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ SMAWุŒ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:09,200 --> 00:07:12,000
331
+ generally called arc welding or stick welding
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:16,760
335
+ involves striking an electrical arc between the
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:21,820
339
+ workpieces and electrode and electrical conductor
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:21,820 --> 00:07:28,790
343
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูู€ .. ุจูŠูุณูˆูŠุŸ ุจุฑุจุท ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ููŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:28,790 --> 00:07:33,070
347
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:33,070 --> 00:07:36,510
351
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ electricity ุนุดุงู†
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:36,510 --> 00:07:42,390
355
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ arc ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ The
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:42,390 --> 00:07:45,410
359
+ electrode consists of welding rodุŒ a stick of
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:45,410 --> 00:07:49,190
363
+ metal of the same type as the workpieceุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:49,190 --> 00:07:53,180
367
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุฅุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธุชูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูˆู†ุด
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:53,180 --> 00:07:57,640
371
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… .. ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠูˆุฎ ุงู„ุญุงู… ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:57,640 --> 00:08:02,660
375
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุงุŸ ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ steelุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุฌูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:02,660 --> 00:08:08,860
379
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู„ุญู… ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉุŒ ุชู„ุฒู…ุด
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:08,860 --> 00:08:12,480
383
+ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูู€ it's the same material ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ which
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:12,480 --> 00:08:15,700
387
+ provide the fillerุŒ the welding rod is therefore
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:15,700 --> 00:08:18,980
391
+ consumableุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ welding rod ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:18,980 --> 00:08:24,230
395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุญู… ููŠู‡ ุจุชู… ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒู‡ุŒ it is used
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:24,230 --> 00:08:28,410
399
+ upุŒ the rod is also coated with a material called
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:28,410 --> 00:08:33,990
403
+ fluxุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฎ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ู…ุงุฏุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:33,990 --> 00:08:40,250
407
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุดุจู‡ ู‡ุฐุง coated up ู…ุบู„ู ุจุทุจู‚ุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:40,250 --> 00:08:45,270
411
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ fluxุŒ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู‡ุงูŠุŒ when heated this produces a
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:45,270 --> 00:08:53,310
415
+ shielding gasุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุบุงุฒุŒ ุบุงุฒ ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุบุทูŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:53,310 --> 00:09:00,690
419
+ shield ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุบุทูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตู‡ุฑุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:00,690 --> 00:09:06,280
423
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ุชุŒ Which protects the molten metal from
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:06,280 --> 00:09:10,060
427
+ oxygen. Without this gas, the hot metal would
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:10,060 --> 00:09:13,620
431
+ combine with the oxygen in the air and this would
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:13,620 --> 00:09:14,820
435
+ weaken the weld
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:23,100 --> 00:09:28,200
439
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุญู…ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:28,200 --> 00:09:32,000
443
+ ุจุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุจ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฌุงูŠุจู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงู„ูุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:36,280
447
+ ู…ู‚ุงู„ูุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ู…ุง ู†ู„ุญู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู… ู‡ูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:36,280 --> 00:09:40,860
451
+ ุฃุถุนู ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุดุงุทุฑ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:40,860 --> 00:09:46,530
455
+ ุจุฏู‡ู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ protective layer ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:46,530 --> 00:09:50,810
459
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ already ุงูƒุณุฏุช ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุนุฑุถูŠู‡ุง ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:50,810 --> 00:09:54,630
463
+ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ oxygen ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุฃูƒุณุฏู‡ุง ูู‡ูŠ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:54,630 --> 00:10:01,670
467
+ ุณูŠุฎ ุงู„ุญุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุญู…ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ accident ู‡ุฐู‡
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:01,670 --> 00:10:04,470
471
+ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุฑุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุฃู†ุง ูุฑุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุญุณู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:04,470 --> 00:10:10,630
475
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ in gas welding heat comes ู„ุฃู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:10,630 --> 00:10:16,770
479
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุงู…
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:16,770 --> 00:10:20,330
483
+ ุจุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ุŒ in gas welding heat comes from a torch
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:20,330 --> 00:10:26,860
487
+ which burns oxyfuel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุดุนู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:26,860 --> 00:10:31,800
491
+ oxygenุŒ a mixture of oxygen and a gas fuelุŒ the gas
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:31,800 --> 00:10:35,380
495
+ fuel burn much hotter in oxygen than it would be
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:35,380 --> 00:10:39,720
499
+ in airุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุถูŠู ุงู„ู€ oxygen ู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:40,150 --> 00:10:45,350
503
+ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ุงุดุชุนุงู„ ุฃุนู„ู‰ the most common fuel is
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:45,350 --> 00:10:50,130
507
+ acetylene called oxyacetylene which mixes with
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:50,130 --> 00:10:54,250
511
+ oxygen welding rods provide filler but the flux is
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:54,250 --> 00:10:57,670
515
+ not required as burning oxy fuel produces carbon
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:57,670 --> 00:11:02,410
519
+ dioxide which acts as a shielding gas ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:02,410 --> 00:11:08,620
523
+ ููŠ ุณูŠุฎุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ู…ุด ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุตู„ุจ ู‡ุงุฆู„ ู‡ุงู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:08,620 --> 00:11:12,920
527
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:12,920 --> 00:11:17,480
531
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ูŠุนู…ู„ filler ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠู„ุญู… ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:22,100
535
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณูŠุญ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุงู† ูƒุงู† ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:22,100 --> 00:11:26,540
539
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ oxygen ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ production
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:26,540 --> 00:11:30,540
543
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนุฒู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:30,540 --> 00:11:37,340
547
+ the shielding ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ In gas metal arc welding often
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:37,340 --> 00:11:42,840
551
+ called MIG welding, metal inert gas ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ MIGุŒ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:47,150
555
+ metal inert gas ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฎู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู€ metal
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:47,150 --> 00:11:50,410
559
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† an arc is struck between the
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:50,410 --> 00:11:53,170
563
+ workpiece and the wire which is made of the same
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:53,170 --> 00:11:56,530
567
+ metal as the base metal ู†ูุณ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ base ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:56,530 --> 00:12:00,130
571
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ this wire acts as a consumable electrode
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:00,130 --> 00:12:04,310
575
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ MIG ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ rod ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญุทู‡ุง
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:04,310 --> 00:12:08,030
579
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ filler is consumable ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒู‡ุง
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:09,270 --> 00:12:13,110
583
+ supplying a filler a shield gas often argon is
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:13,110 --> 00:12:17,290
587
+ blown onto the weld pool ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู‡ูˆุง ููŠู‡
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:17,290 --> 00:12:23,130
591
+ ุบุงุฒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุถูŠูู‡ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุดูŠู„ู†ุฌ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠู„ู†ุฌ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:23,130 --> 00:12:31,350
595
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌูˆู† In gas tungsten arc welding
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:31,350 --> 00:12:35,550
599
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ TIG, often called TIG welding, tungsten
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:35,550 --> 00:12:39,730
603
+ inert gas and arc comes from an electrode made of
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:39,730 --> 00:12:44,190
607
+ tungsten ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ However, the tungsten is non
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:44,190 --> 00:12:50,010
611
+ consumableุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุฃุณุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ tungsten ู…ุด ุณู‡ู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:50,010 --> 00:12:55,630
615
+ ุชุณูŠุญู‡ ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุธู„ูˆุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:55,630 --> 00:13:00,090
619
+ arcุŒ it does not melt and it's not consumed as
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:00,090 --> 00:13:02,950
623
+ filler during the welding processุŒ a separate
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:02,950 --> 00:13:05,870
627
+ welding rod is used to supply the fillerุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ููŠู‡
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:05,870 --> 00:13:13,880
631
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณูŠุฎ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณูŠุญู‡ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ุญุงู… ุฃุฒู…ุฌ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:13,880 --> 00:13:17,420
635
+ welding a shielding gas such as argon is applied
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:17,420 --> 00:13:21,280
639
+ onto the weld ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู…
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:21,280 --> 00:13:29,590
643
+ ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ู‡ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ุญุงู… ูุจุชุนู…ู„ shield ุงู„ุขู†
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:29,590 --> 00:13:32,130
647
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง base,
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:32,410 --> 00:13:36,130
651
+ discontinuity, dissimilar, fuse, heat affected,
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:36,230 --> 00:13:40,170
655
+ material, metal, residue, weld, molten, stress,
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:40,570 --> 00:13:46,110
659
+ welded, pool, together ูˆุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:46,110 --> 00:13:49,810
663
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง it is possible for a
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:49,810 --> 00:13:53,850
667
+ component made of different material to be ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:53,850 --> 00:13:58,290
671
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ู…ุŸ welded
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:58,290 --> 00:14:01,830
675
+ together ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู„ุญู…ู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ for instance
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:01,830 --> 00:14:08,250
679
+ steel can be welded to copper ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุน ู†ุญุงุณ and
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:08,250 --> 00:14:15,670
683
+ two brass ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุน ู†ุญุงุณ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ brass however
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:15,670 --> 00:14:19,290
687
+ it's much more difficult to weld component made of
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:19,290 --> 00:14:25,890
691
+ two dissimilar materials ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:25,890 --> 00:14:31,390
695
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฃุตุนุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏ then it is to
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:31,390 --> 00:14:36,910
699
+ weld those made of the same ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:36,910 --> 00:14:43,210
703
+ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ base metal ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† ู†ูุณ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:43,210 --> 00:14:46,970
707
+ while there is no difficulty in melting two
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:46,970 --> 00:14:51,170
711
+ different metals and mixing them together in ุฅูŠุดุŸ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:51,720 --> 00:14:56,080
715
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ ุจู†ุตู‡ุฑู‡ู… molten state ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:56,080 --> 00:14:59,660
719
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ problem occur once the hot liquid
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:59,660 --> 00:15:04,860
723
+ metal forming the ash start to cool ุฅูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:04,860 --> 00:15:10,720
727
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุงุŸ ุจุญูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ุญุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ whirl pool
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:10,720 --> 00:15:11,880
731
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:13,760 --> 00:15:18,200
735
+ as this process takes place two metals will not
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:18,200 --> 00:15:18,940
739
+ necessarily
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:30,060 --> 00:15:36,160
743
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู†ุตู‡ุฑูˆุง ูˆูŠุชู„ุญู…ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ as
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:36,160 --> 00:15:38,540
747
+ this process takes place two metals will not
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:38,540 --> 00:15:42,940
751
+ necessarily fuse properly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุงู†ู‡
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:42,940 --> 00:15:46,960
755
+ ูŠู„ุชุญู…ูˆุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ once the joint has cooled
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:50,480
759
+ this can result ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุญู…ูˆุด ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุณุชุนู…ู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:57,180
763
+ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ discontinuity ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ end ู‡ู†ุง such as
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:57,180 --> 00:16:03,780
767
+ cracks at the heart of ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ weld zoneุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:03,780 --> 00:16:08,820
771
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ crack ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุดู‚ู‚ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:08,820 --> 00:16:12,760
775
+ ุงู„ู„ุญุงู… weld zone .. zone ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ weld zone
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:12,760 --> 00:16:17,760
779
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุญุงู… In addition, as the metal contracts at
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:20,180
783
+ different rates due to different coefficients of
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:20,180 --> 00:16:25,340
787
+ thermal expansion. Powerful ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:25,340 --> 00:16:29,800
791
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชู†ูƒู…ุด ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ูŠุฎุชู„ู
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:34,400
795
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ Residual stress ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:34,400 --> 00:16:39,820
799
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ ุถุบุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠุจูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ูˆุดูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุดุฏ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:39,820 --> 00:16:43,940
803
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุดุฏุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒุŸ ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:43,940 --> 00:16:47,260
807
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ุช ูู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:47,260 --> 00:16:51,260
811
+ residual stress can build up not only in the
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:51,260 --> 00:16:54,680
815
+ joints but also in the wider .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ near the
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:54,680 --> 00:16:59,280
819
+ joint heat affected area ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:59,280 --> 00:17:07,470
823
+ ุงุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุนู…ู„ matching
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:07,470 --> 00:17:13,990
827
+ between a and b ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:13,990 --> 00:17:17,230
831
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุญุซู†ุง ุทุงู„ุนุฉ shielded metal arc
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:17,230 --> 00:17:22,930
835
+ welding uses shielded ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:22,930 --> 00:17:30,590
839
+ burning gas ู‡ูŠ consumable electrode ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:30,590 --> 00:17:35,710
843
+ ุฅูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู† a non consumable ู„ุฃ separate welding rod
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:35,710 --> 00:17:39,550
847
+ ู„ุฃ special coating on the welding rod which
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:39,550 --> 00:17:43,310
851
+ produces shielded gas ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ stick ู‡ุฐู‡
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:43,310 --> 00:17:49,110
855
+ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ู„ุฃ separate gas supply ู„ุฃ a
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:49,110 --> 00:17:55,350
859
+ shielding gas ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† gas ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุนู†ุฏูŠ B ูˆE
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:57,050 --> 00:18:03,150
863
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ู†ู‡ุฌุฉ gas welding uses ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฌุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุช
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:03,150 --> 00:18:08,910
867
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู„ุŸ burning gas ู…ุธุจูˆุท consumable electrode
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:08,910 --> 00:18:14,150
871
+ ู„ุฃ non consumable electrode ู„ุฃ separate welding rod
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:14,150 --> 00:18:17,590
875
+ which is not an electrode ู…ุด ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠู‡
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:17,590 --> 00:18:24,070
879
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุจ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุตูŠุญุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ special
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:24,070 --> 00:18:27,810
883
+ coating on the welding rod which reduces ู„ุฃ if
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:27,810 --> 00:18:32,960
887
+ separate gas no shielding gas generated by burned
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:38,080
891
+ oxy fuel ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ oxy fuel a
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:38,080 --> 00:18:40,800
895
+ gas whose purpose is to increase the temperature
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:40,800 --> 00:18:44,720
899
+ of the welding process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู…ุด
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:44,720 --> 00:18:48,700
903
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุบุฑุถู‡ุŸ ูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:48,700 --> 00:18:50,260
907
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ูุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:53,050 --> 00:18:59,870
911
+ DGH ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ุขู† gas metal arc welding uses ุงู„ arc
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:59,870 --> 00:19:04,450
915
+ welding ุฅูŠุด using burning gas a consumable
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:04,450 --> 00:19:10,970
919
+ electrode yes ู‡ุฐู‡ a non consumable no a separate
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:10,970 --> 00:19:15,710
923
+ welding rod ู„ุฃ ุฅูŠู‡ a special coating in the
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:15,710 --> 00:19:21,290
927
+ welding rod which producing a gas shield ุทูŠุจ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:21,620 --> 00:19:24,540
931
+ separate gas supply blown into the weld as a
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:24,540 --> 00:19:28,540
935
+ shielding gas ุตุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌูˆู†
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:28,540 --> 00:19:32,440
939
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ a shielding gas generated ู„ุฃ a gas
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:32,440 --> 00:19:37,260
943
+ whose purpose to increase ู„ุฃ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ B ูˆ F
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:38,890 --> 00:19:44,290
947
+ Gas tungsten arc welding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ TIG ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŸ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:44,290 --> 00:19:48,990
951
+ ู…ุด burning fuel ูˆู„ุง consumable ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ non
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:48,990 --> 00:19:53,010
955
+ consumable electrode ุทุจ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… separate welding
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:53,010 --> 00:20:02,130
959
+ rod C ูˆD ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุทูŠุจ special coating gas supply
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:02,130 --> 00:20:08,250
963
+ separate gas supply blown into yes ูŠุนู†ูŠ C D ูˆ F
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:09,460 --> 00:20:13,520
967
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:13,520 --> 00:20:19,140
971
+ ุฑูƒุฒู„ูƒูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:19,140 --> 00:20:25,540
975
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุทูŠุจ ุขุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ matching ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:25,540 --> 00:20:29,520
979
+ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ A ุฅูŠุด ูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ flux ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:29,520 --> 00:20:35,840
983
+ flux ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ burning gas consumable
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:41,000
987
+ electrode a non consumable electrode, separate
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:44,880
991
+ welding, a special coating on the welding rod
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:44,880 --> 00:20:49,600
995
+ which producing a shielding gas ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:49,600 --> 00:20:55,120
999
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:55,120 --> 00:20:59,540
1003
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุตุจุน ุงู„ุญุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:59,540 --> 00:21:06,620
1007
+ shielding ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุทุจ argon ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:06,620 --> 00:21:10,540
1011
+ separate gas supply blown onto ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ F ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:10,540 --> 00:21:13,840
1015
+ ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุบูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:13,840 --> 00:21:20,300
1019
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู‡ุฏุง ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู‡ูŠู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุฑุบูˆู† ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู†
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:20,300 --> 00:21:27,380
1023
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ tungsten ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ non consumable ุงู„ oxygen
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:27,380 --> 00:21:34,330
1027
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุนุจุงุฑุฉุŸ burn ุงู„ gas ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆุงู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:34,330 --> 00:21:38,170
1031
+ ุงู„ burning gas ู‡ูˆ separate ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุงุฒ ู‡ูˆ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:38,170 --> 00:21:42,490
1035
+ purpose to increase the temperature H ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู†
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:42,490 --> 00:21:47,730
1039
+ tungsten non consumable electrode ุงู„ acetylene
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:47,730 --> 00:21:51,430
1043
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ burning gas ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู…
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:51,430 --> 00:21:56,930
1047
+ ุญุฑู‚ู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ุญู… ุจุงู„ุบุงุฒ carbon dioxide ุฅูŠุด
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:56,930 --> 00:22:01,970
1051
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุŸ Shielding gas generated
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:01,970 --> 00:22:06,430
1055
+ by burning oxy-fuel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:06,430 --> 00:22:11,090
1059
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุทู„ุนุŸ ุดูู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู…ุŒ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:11,090 --> 00:22:16,870
1063
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ non-mechanical joint ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŒ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:16,870 --> 00:22:22,590
1067
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŸ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:22,590 --> 00:22:26,910
1071
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ oxy fuel welding ุงู„ oxy fuel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:26,910 --> 00:22:31,150
1075
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ oxygen to increase the temperature ูˆ ุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:31,150 --> 00:22:35,290
1079
+ acetylene as a burning gas ูˆุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ shield
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:35,290 --> 00:22:41,290
1083
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ shield ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู‚ุตุฏ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:41,290 --> 00:22:44,850
1087
+ carbon dioxide ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง shielding
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:44,850 --> 00:22:49,930
1091
+ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ุญู… ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง stick welding
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:49,930 --> 00:22:53,750
1095
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ stick arc welding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุณูŠุฎ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:53,750 --> 00:22:58,330
1099
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุบู„ู ุจู…ุงุฏุฉ flux ุฃูˆ ุจุบู„ู ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:58,330 --> 00:23:03,960
1103
+ ูŠุณูŠุญ ุจุชุนู…ู„ protection ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŒ ุจุณ ุจุงู„ุฒู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:03,960 --> 00:23:07,600
1107
+ ุงู„ stick ู‡ุงุฏู‰ุŒ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงุนู…ู„ุชุด ุจ stick ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:07,600 --> 00:23:11,340
1111
+ ุจู„ุญู…ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:11,340 --> 00:23:15,660
1115
+ ุฃูƒุณุฏุฉ ุฏู‡ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุถุนูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:15,660 --> 00:23:19,300
1119
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ mig ุฃูˆ ุงู„ flux ุงู„ู€ mig ูˆ ุงู„ flux
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:19,300 --> 00:23:23,460
1123
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุฒู… ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ electrode ุจูŠู† ุตู‡ุฑ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุชู†ุฒู„
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:23,460 --> 00:23:27,660
1127
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนุงุฒู„ุฉ ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ generation
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:27,660 --> 00:23:31,440
1131
+ ู„ู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ุงุฑุบูˆู† ูŠุง ุงู…ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:37,390
1135
+ ุงุฑุบูˆู† plus carbon dioxide ุงู„ู€ TIG ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:37,390 --> 00:23:43,210
1139
+ ุชู†ุฌุณุชูŠู† ุชู†ุฌุณุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ non consumable ุจุณูŠุญุด ููŠู‡
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:43,210 --> 00:23:46,430
1143
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ filler ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:46,430 --> 00:23:51,250
1147
+ separate channel ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุถุฎ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:51,250 --> 00:23:55,550
1151
+ ู‡ูˆ ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ argon ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:55,550 --> 00:24:03,810
1155
+ welding ุจุชุญุตู„ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุชูŠู† ุจุชุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:03,810 --> 00:24:06,650
1159
+ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจู„ุญู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุด
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:06,650 --> 00:24:10,910
1163
+ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู‚ two
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:10,910 --> 00:24:16,230
1167
+ different material ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏูƒุŸ ูˆ ููŠ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:16,230 --> 00:24:22,950
1171
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุชุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ discontinuityุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุฌุนู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:22,950 --> 00:24:26,990
1175
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:26,990 --> 00:24:33,250
1179
+ ุฃุถุนู ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงู… ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุญุตู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:33,250 --> 00:24:41,010
1183
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ heat effected zone ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฃู† ุชุถุนูุŒ ุช
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:41,010 --> 00:24:45,410
1187
+ weaken ุงู„ area surrounding ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุฏุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:45,410 --> 00:24:49,390
1191
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŒ ุชุชูุฑุฌูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุจูŠุฏูƒุฑูƒู…
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:49,390 --> 00:24:55,330
1195
+ ุจู…ุนุธู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:55,330 --> 00:24:55,790
1199
+ ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/h4Be7E6BT60.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1509 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,770 --> 00:00:26,170
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณูˆู ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 11 ุญู„ู‚ุฉ 11
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,170 --> 00:00:31,990
7
+ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู†ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,990 --> 00:00:33,190
11
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:33,190 --> 00:00:33,570
15
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:33,570 --> 00:00:34,550
19
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:34,550 --> 00:00:34,810
23
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:34,810 --> 00:00:35,090
27
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:35,090 --> 00:00:35,190
31
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:35,190 --> 00:00:36,910
35
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:36,910 --> 00:00:45,530
39
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:46,890 --> 00:00:52,770
43
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ examples of non-metallic materials are carbon
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:52,770 --> 00:00:57,170
47
+ and silicon and
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,170 --> 00:01:01,450
51
+ iron is such a widely used material. Metals can be
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:01,450 --> 00:01:07,150
55
+ divided into two. The metals, ferrous metals, those
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:07,150 --> 00:01:12,780
59
+ that contain iron. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:12,780 --> 00:01:17,600
63
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ferrous. Non-
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:22,560
67
+ -ferrous metals, those that do not contain iron.
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:22,560 --> 00:01:29,620
71
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ with regard to... now we're gonna talk
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:29,620 --> 00:01:34,560
75
+ about elements, compounds and mixtures. ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:34,560 --> 00:01:40,650
79
+ elements ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ, compounds ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช, and mixtures ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุท.
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:40,650 --> 00:01:45,370
83
+ With regard to the chemical composition of material
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:45,370 --> 00:01:49,410
87
+ the chemicals they contain and how the chemicals
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:49,410 --> 00:01:53,510
91
+ are combined. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ composition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ุฉ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:53,510 --> 00:01:59,420
95
+ three main categories can be used. Elements are pure
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:59,420 --> 00:02:03,860
99
+ materials in their most basic form. They cannot be
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:03,860 --> 00:02:07,680
103
+ broken down into different constituents or
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:07,680 --> 00:02:10,860
107
+ ingredients. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฅู†
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:10,860 --> 00:02:16,740
111
+ ู†ูุตู„ู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฅู†... ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ู‡ุง pure ููŠุด... ูŠุนู†ูŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:16,740 --> 00:02:21,640
115
+ ููŠุด ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูุตู„ู‡ู… ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:21,640 --> 00:02:27,260
119
+ ูุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ูˆ constituent ุฃูˆ ingredients ุงู„ู„ูŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:27,260 --> 00:02:32,800
123
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ Examples of
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:32,800 --> 00:02:36,160
127
+ elements widely used in engineering materials are
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:42,610
131
+ iron, carbon, aluminium. Compounds consist of two or
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:42,610 --> 00:02:45,990
135
+ more elements that are chemically bound. ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:45,990 --> 00:02:53,410
139
+ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŸ chemically bound ุฅูŠุด
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:53,410 --> 00:03:00,650
143
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุชุญุฏูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:00,650 --> 00:03:06,110
147
+ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:06,110 --> 00:03:10,170
151
+ ุชูุตู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชูุตู„ูŠู‡ู… ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:10,170 --> 00:03:13,430
155
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ูุตู„ู‡ู…. That is combined by a chemical
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:13,430 --> 00:03:19,560
159
+ reaction. And everyday example is water. ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:19,560 --> 00:03:24,460
163
+ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ Oxygen and HydrogenุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท. ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:24,460 --> 00:03:28,360
167
+ ู‡ูุตู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠุฏุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ูุตู„ูˆุด ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:28,360 --> 00:03:32,040
171
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุด ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ hydrogen ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฒู„ู‡ู… ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:32,040 --> 00:03:37,960
175
+ oxygen ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุŒ which is a compound of hydrogen and
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:37,960 --> 00:03:44,220
179
+ oxygen. Mixtures consist of two or more elements or
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:44,220 --> 00:03:49,220
183
+ compounds which are mixed together but which
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:49,220 --> 00:03:53,620
187
+ are not chemically bound. ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฎู„ุทู†ุงู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจุณ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:53,620 --> 00:03:58,600
191
+ ู…ุง ุงุชุญุฏูˆุด ู…ุน ุจุนุถ. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡. In engineering
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:05,940
195
+ common examples are alloys. ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:05,940 --> 00:04:12,620
199
+ ุชุจุนู‡ู…. Metal which have other metals and/or non-
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:12,620 --> 00:04:18,040
203
+ -metals mixed together. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุทูŠู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู†.
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:24,020
207
+ A common example is steel. Steel ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ which is
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:24,020 --> 00:04:30,220
211
+ an iron-carbon alloy. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ steel ู‚ูˆูŠ ุตุญุŸ ุฅูŠุด
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:30,220 --> 00:04:36,610
215
+ ุงู„ุณุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุญุงุทูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ carbon. ุงู„ุขู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:36,610 --> 00:04:41,330
219
+ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง and can include other alloying
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:41,330 --> 00:04:46,250
223
+ metals which are added to alloys in small
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:46,250 --> 00:04:50,130
227
+ quantities. ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ alloys ุจู†ุญุทุŸ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:50,130 --> 00:04:55,050
231
+ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุงุŒ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง in small quantities. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุทุด
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:55,050 --> 00:04:59,090
235
+ ุฎู„ุทุฉ ุฌุฏ ุจุนุถ ุฃูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ. ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุท ุญุงุฌุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:59,090 --> 00:05:04,270
239
+ ุฎููŠูุฉ. ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:04,270 --> 00:05:08,990
243
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุฌุณุชูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฑูˆู… ูˆ ู…ู†ุฌู†ูŠุฒ ูˆ ุชู†ุฌุณุชู†.
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:23,800 --> 00:05:30,060
247
+ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:30,060 --> 00:05:32,700
251
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ.
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:32,700 --> 00:05:32,880
255
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:32,880 --> 00:05:34,000
259
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ.
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:34,240
263
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:34,240 --> 00:05:35,800
267
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ.
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:39,700
271
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:39,700 --> 00:05:52,600
275
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ. ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ุด ุญุฏูŠุฏ. ุงู„ุฌุณู…
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:52,600 --> 00:06:00,720
279
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง... ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุฃุฎู ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ. ุนุฑูุชูˆุงุŸ ูู‡ุฐู‡
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:05,060
283
+ ุงู„ formula ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฎููุช ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชุตูŠุฑ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:05,060 --> 00:06:11,300
287
+ ุชู…ุดูŠ ุจูƒูุงุกุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰. ูุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:11,300 --> 00:06:17,050
291
+ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ. ุงู„ aerospace ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุงุช. ุงู„ู€
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:17,050 --> 00:06:21,110
295
+ Formula 1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุจุงู‚. ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุจุงู‚ ุจุฏู†ุง
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:21,110 --> 00:06:28,290
299
+ ู†ูŠุงู‡ู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ. But
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:28,290 --> 00:06:32,410
303
+ although we think of composites as a high-tech and
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:32,410 --> 00:06:36,330
307
+ highly expensive. ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:36,330 --> 00:06:41,960
311
+ ู…ุชุทูˆุฑุฉ ูˆ ุบุงู„ูŠุฉ. ุทู„ุนุด ุจุญูƒูŠ that's not always true. ู‡ุฐุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:41,960 --> 00:06:47,340
315
+ ู…ุด ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ. The earliest example of
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:47,340 --> 00:06:51,060
319
+ composite materials were bricks made from mud and
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:51,060 --> 00:06:55,700
323
+ straw. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุญุฏุด ููŠูƒูˆุง ุดุงูู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฒู…ุงู†
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:55,700 --> 00:07:00,470
327
+ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุด ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:00,470 --> 00:07:05,150
331
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ. ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุทูŠู†ุฉ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:05,150 --> 00:07:09,530
335
+ ุชุนุฑู ุงู„... ู…ุด ุงู„ุชุจู†. ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุชุจู†. ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุณู…ุน ููŠู‡
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:09,530 --> 00:07:14,730
339
+ ุชุจู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุนู…ูˆู‡ ู„ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู„ุบู†ู… ูˆ ุงู„ุจู‚ุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:14,730 --> 00:07:19,330
343
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุนูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู†... ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ุญ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุตุฏู‡. ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงุญู†ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:19,330 --> 00:07:22,950
347
+ ุงู„ุดุนูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ุญ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุชุจู†. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:22,950 --> 00:07:30,230
351
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุชุธู„. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ูƒูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฌุงู…ุฏุฉ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:30,230 --> 00:07:39,010
355
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู‚ุดุฑ. ู‡ุฐูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู…ุนุธู…ูƒู…
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:39,010 --> 00:07:43,270
359
+ ู…ุง ุดููˆู‡. ู…ุด ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุฎู„ุทูˆู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุทูŠู†ุฉ.
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:43,270 --> 00:07:47,430
363
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฌูˆุงู„ุจ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ cement ู‡ุฐุง. ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:47,430 --> 00:07:53,330
367
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุญุฑุจ 2008 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:53,330 --> 00:07:59,520
371
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูŠู†. ุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ูุฑู† ุงู„ุทูŠู†ุฉ. ูุฅูŠุด
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:06,260
375
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ. ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุธู„ ู…ู†... ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฑุณูˆุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:06,260 --> 00:08:10,880
379
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ุญ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุนูŠุฑ ุจุชุธู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„... ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจุชุงูƒู„ู‡ุงุด ูˆ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:10,880 --> 00:08:14,520
383
+ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ู„ุฒูˆู…. ูŠุง ุจูŠุญุฑู‚ูˆู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฅูŠุด ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:18,900
387
+ ุจูŠุฎู„ุทูˆู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุทูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฌูˆุงู„ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูŠู† ูˆ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:18,900 --> 00:08:23,410
391
+ ุจูŠุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ุจ. ูู‡ุฐู‡... ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:23,410 --> 00:08:28,210
395
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุณู…ุงู‡ุง mud ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทูŠู† ูˆ straw ุงู„ู„ูŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:28,210 --> 00:08:34,230
399
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงุด... ู…ุด
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:34,230 --> 00:08:40,380
403
+ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช. ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:40,380 --> 00:08:45,540
407
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุจู† ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡. ู†ุงุนู… ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏ ุดุงูู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุดุฑ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:45,540 --> 00:08:50,700
411
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆ ุฏูุด. ูู‡ูˆ... ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุตุนุจุฉ ุชุงูƒู„ู‡.
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:50,700 --> 00:08:56,880
415
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช. ุฃู†ุง ุฒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูุชู‡ุง
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:56,880 --> 00:08:59,960
419
+ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุด... ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุถุญูƒูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง. ู‡ุฐุง ุดูุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ู‡ุฐู‡
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:59,960 --> 00:09:05,310
423
+ ุงู„... ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ. ูุนุฑุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญุงุจูŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:05,310 --> 00:09:10,070
427
+ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠูŠู†. ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุทุนู… ูู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ. ูุทู„ุน ููˆู‚
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:10,070 --> 00:09:13,890
431
+ ู„ุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ูˆ ู„ุฌูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ. ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ุง ู…ุง ุตุฏู‚ุช ุงุทู„ุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:13,890 --> 00:09:16,330
435
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช. ุฌุงูŠูŠู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ููŠู‡ุง. ูŠู„ุง ู‚ูˆู….
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:20,230 --> 00:09:25,410
439
+ ูู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡. ูู‡ูŠ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:25,410 --> 00:09:29,410
443
+ ุตุฑุงุนุชูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚. ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญู„ู‚ ุงุญูƒุช
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:29,410 --> 00:09:34,970
447
+ ู„ุตู…ุชูƒู…. ุงู„ูุฑู† ุงู„ุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ. ู„ุฃู† ู„ูŠุด
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:34,970 --> 00:09:40,850
451
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุงู…ุฏ ูˆ ูŠุชุญู…ู„. Or to use the correct
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:40,850 --> 00:09:44,950
455
+ composite term for strong reinforcement. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:44,950 --> 00:09:50,980
459
+ ู„ุบุฉ ู…ุฏุนูˆู… ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ู‚ุดุฑ. ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญู„ู…ุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:50,980 --> 00:09:57,080
463
+ concrete, reinforced concrete. ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญ. ูู‡ุฐุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:57,080 --> 00:10:02,610
467
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ straw ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญ. ู„ู… ูŠู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญ. Okay, the
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:02,610 --> 00:10:05,950
471
+ structure network that reinforces the material
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:05,950 --> 00:10:11,630
475
+ inside. And the mud matrix of the material
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:11,630 --> 00:10:16,790
479
+ surrounding the reinforcement. ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุญุท ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:16,790 --> 00:10:24,040
483
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆูŠ. ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุจู†ุญุท ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุญุชู‰ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ุงู†ุช
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:28,700
487
+ ู…ุง ุดูˆูุชู‡ูˆุด ู‡ุฐู‡. ู„ูŠุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฒู…ุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุฎุชูุช ู„ุฃู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:28,700 --> 00:10:34,900
491
+ ุงู„ cement ุญู„ ู…ุญู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช. ุจุณ ููŠ 2008 ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:34,900 --> 00:10:39,460
495
+ ุจูŠูˆุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ. ุจูŠูˆุช ู„ู†ุงุณ ุณูƒู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง. ูˆ ุฏู‡
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:39,460 --> 00:10:44,560
499
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุชุถุญูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง. ุงู„ุขู† ุญุฏ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:44,560 --> 00:10:47,380
503
+ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุฑุฃู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ุฃุซุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉุŸ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:50,750 --> 00:10:55,770
507
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุฌูˆุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุณ ุจุชููƒุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:55,770 --> 00:11:03,090
511
+ ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉุŸ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงุฏ .. ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:03,090 --> 00:11:08,210
515
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุชู…ุณูƒ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุณู…ู†ุชุŒ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:08,210 --> 00:11:13,170
519
+ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุช ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุดุฌุฌ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:13,170 --> 00:11:19,250
523
+ ุจูŠุดุฌุฌูŠู†ุด ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูุฎุงุฑ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:20,360 --> 00:11:24,580
527
+ ุงู„ูุฎุงุฑ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูุงู„ูุฎุงุฑ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:24,580 --> 00:11:30,160
531
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ู…ุถุทูŠู†ุฉ ูู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:30,160 --> 00:11:36,440
535
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุงุช ู…ุด ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ุชู… ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:36,440 --> 00:11:40,720
539
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชููƒุฑูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ุฏ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ูƒู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:40,720 --> 00:11:45,130
543
+ ุดูŠุก these terms explain what composite material is
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:45,130 --> 00:11:49,670
547
+ a matrix with reinforcement material ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุตูุทู‡
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:49,670 --> 00:11:55,710
551
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชู†ุงุณู‚ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ matrixุŸ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:55,710 --> 00:12:00,530
555
+ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ okay of reinforcing material ุงู„ reinforce
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:00,530 --> 00:12:03,990
559
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุฏุนู…ุŸ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:06,850 --> 00:12:11,270
563
+ ูˆู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠุจุฑ ุบู„ุงุณ ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ Glass
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:11,270 --> 00:12:17,110
567
+ Reinforced Plastic ุงู„ููŠุจุฑ ุบู„ุงุณ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฒุฌุงุฌ ูˆููŠู‡
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:17,110 --> 00:12:22,990
571
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ุจุฏุนู… ู…ู‚ู„ูˆุท ู…ุน ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ูุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:22,990 --> 00:12:28,030
575
+ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงุช
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:28,030 --> 00:12:31,690
579
+ ุฃุญุณู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุด
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:31,690 --> 00:12:33,410
583
+ breakable ุฒูŠ ุงู„ glass
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:36,370 --> 00:12:41,050
587
+ which has a plastic matrix reinforced with glass
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:41,050 --> 00:12:46,930
591
+ fibers ูุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู†ุญุท ุงู„ุฌุฒู„ ู†ุญุท ุดุฑุงุฆุญ ุฒุฌุงุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:46,930 --> 00:12:53,790
595
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู‡ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุฑูŠู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:53,790 --> 00:12:58,050
599
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุชู…ุงุฑูŠู† ู‡ูŠ examples ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:58,050 --> 00:13:02,990
603
+ complete the sentences .. the sentences using the
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:02,990 --> 00:13:07,810
607
+ words in the box ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ metal ูˆ non
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:07,810 --> 00:13:11,050
611
+ -metal, metallic, non-metallic, ferrous, non
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:11,050 --> 00:13:13,810
615
+ -ferrous ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ slide ุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:13,810 --> 00:13:21,050
619
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ carbon is non-metallic ุทูŠุจ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:21,050 --> 00:13:26,630
623
+ copper is .. ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ metal ุฃู‡ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ metalุŸ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:28,290 --> 00:13:32,570
627
+ ferrous ูˆู„ุง non-ferrousุŸ ferrous ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ููŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:32,570 --> 00:13:39,630
631
+ ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ุญุงุณ ููŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ูŠุจุบู‰ non-ferrous aluminum is
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:39,630 --> 00:13:46,470
635
+ a common .. ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชู„ ูˆู„ุง non-metalุŸ common metal
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:46,470 --> 00:13:51,570
639
+ ุทูŠุจุŒ steel is widely used .. ุฅูŠุด ู…ุชู„ุŸ ุงู„ steel ุฅูŠุด
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:51,570 --> 00:13:57,390
643
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุŸ ferrous ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏ although it is used
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:57,390 --> 00:14:03,270
647
+ in steel, carbon is non-metallic aluminum is
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:03,270 --> 00:14:09,190
651
+ relatively lightweight for a metallic material
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:09,190 --> 00:14:16,690
655
+ metallic ู„ุฃู† objective ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ objective ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงูŠุด
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:16,690 --> 00:14:23,430
659
+ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ metallic ุงู„ noun ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุนุฏู† ูˆ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:24,420 --> 00:14:29,220
663
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุณู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠ ุตูุฉ ูˆุธุจุท ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุง
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:29,220 --> 00:14:34,520
667
+ ุจู†ุญุท ูˆุงุญุฏ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:34,520 --> 00:14:40,400
671
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุทูŠุจ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:46,760
675
+ ู‡ู†ุง carbon is metal ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงูŠุดุŸ metallic ู‡ู†ุง non
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:46,760 --> 00:14:54,030
679
+ -metal ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงูŠุดุŸ non-metallic ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ุงุณู… ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:54,030 --> 00:14:58,270
683
+ ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ู‡ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ slide ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:58,270 --> 00:15:05,290
687
+ reinforcement ุทูŠุจ decide whether the sentences
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:05,290 --> 00:15:08,390
691
+ below are true or false and correct the false
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:08,390 --> 00:15:12,930
695
+ sentences the elements that make up a compound are
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:12,930 --> 00:15:18,090
699
+ chemically bound ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ compound ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง two or
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:18,090 --> 00:15:22,650
703
+ more metallic or non-metallic material compound
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:22,650 --> 00:15:28,290
707
+ ุงูŠุด ุงูˆ or chemically bound ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชุญุฏูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:28,290 --> 00:15:34,170
711
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุง ูู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ true Alloys are chemical
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:34,170 --> 00:15:38,450
715
+ compounds that are frequently used in engineering
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:43,630 --> 00:15:50,950
719
+ chemical compounds ูˆู„ุง mixturesุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจุŒ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:50,950 --> 00:15:54,770
723
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ false Alloys can contain both metallic
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:54,770 --> 00:16:01,040
727
+ and non-metallic constituents true ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ carbon
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:01,040 --> 00:16:06,520
731
+ ูˆ ุงู„ iron ุงู„ carbon nonmetal ูˆ ุงู„ iron metal ูู‡ุฐู‡
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:06,520 --> 00:16:12,620
735
+ true sentence in an alloy an alloying metal is the
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:12,620 --> 00:16:17,760
739
+ biggest constituent by percentage false ู‡ูŠ small
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:17,760 --> 00:16:22,900
743
+ quantities ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทูŠุจ steel is a metallic
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:22,900 --> 00:16:29,920
747
+ element false ูˆู„ุง true ุงู„ุณุชูŠู„ .. ุณุชูŠู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:29,920 --> 00:16:35,240
751
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ alloy ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ false
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:43,140
755
+ complete
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:43,140 --> 00:16:49,380
759
+ the extract about concrete and steel using
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:49,380 --> 00:16:52,900
763
+ suitable form of the word reinforce ุงู„ุขู† ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุงู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:52,900 --> 00:16:57,360
767
+ word reinforce ูˆ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ reinforceุŸ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:57,360 --> 00:17:05,800
771
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูŠุณู„ุญ ุฃูˆ ูŠุฏุนู…ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:05,800 --> 00:17:11,800
775
+ concreteุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ concrete ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุจุชูˆู† ุฃูˆ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:11,800 --> 00:17:18,460
779
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุตุญู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:18,460 --> 00:17:23,800
783
+ ุงู„ุจุชูˆู†ุŒ ุจุตุจูˆุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด concrete is one of the most
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:28,100
787
+ widely used construction .. construction materialุŸ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:28,100 --> 00:17:32,240
791
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:32,240 --> 00:17:37,420
795
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ reinforced concrete ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:37,420 --> 00:17:43,070
799
+ reinforced ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุญุทูŠู†ุง D ู„ู‡ุง ูุตุงุฑุช reinforced
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:43,070 --> 00:17:48,470
803
+ concrete ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญุฉ and when we
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:48,470 --> 00:17:52,690
807
+ take for granted however using steel part to ..
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:52,690 --> 00:17:59,230
811
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุนุฏ toุŸ ูุนู„ reinforce concrete structure
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:59,230 --> 00:18:03,730
815
+ located outdoor is only possible thanks to the
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:18:03,730 --> 00:18:07,270
819
+ fortune coincidence concrete and steel have
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:07,270 --> 00:18:09,730
823
+ practically the same coefficient of thermal
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:09,730 --> 00:18:15,090
827
+ expansion ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ concrete structure located
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:15,090 --> 00:18:19,810
831
+ outdoor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ is
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:19,810 --> 00:18:25,410
835
+ only possible .. is only possible to the fortune
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:25,410 --> 00:18:30,810
839
+ coincidence ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ fortune coincidenceุŸ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:30,810 --> 00:18:33,850
843
+ ู‡ูŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:33,850 --> 00:18:41,950
847
+ coincidence ุตุฏูุฉ ูˆ fortune ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุญุธ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ .. ู„ ..
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:41,950 --> 00:18:49,650
851
+ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู„ุญุธ ุงู„ุณุนูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุฃู†ู‡ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:49,650 --> 00:18:56,270
855
+ ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ุงู„ุญุธุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:56,270 --> 00:19:02,000
859
+ ..ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู…ุด ุญุฑููŠุฉ ุจุฏูƒ ุชูƒูˆู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฏู
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:08,500
863
+ ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ุงู„ุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด concrete and steel ุงู„ุจุชูˆู†
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:08,500 --> 00:19:15,220
867
+ ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง the same
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:15,220 --> 00:19:19,340
871
+ coefficient of thermal expansion ู†ูุณ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:19,340 --> 00:19:23,060
875
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:23,060 --> 00:19:29,420
879
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ุจูŠุชู…ุฏุฏูˆุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุทูŠุจ in other words as
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:29,420 --> 00:19:33,280
883
+ atmospheric temperature varies the concrete and
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:33,280 --> 00:19:38,220
887
+ steel ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ steel ุฅูŠุดุŸ reinforcement ุฃูˆ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:38,220 --> 00:19:42,360
891
+ reinforcing expand and contract at the same rate
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:42,360 --> 00:19:49,960
895
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุชู…ุฏุฏูˆุง ูˆุจูŠู†ูƒู…ุดูˆุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ allowed
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:49,960 --> 00:19:55,900
899
+ uniform movement ูุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:56,370 --> 00:20:00,990
903
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ูƒู…ุงุด ูˆู†ูุณ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:20:00,990 --> 00:20:06,850
907
+ ุจูŠุชู…ุฏุฏูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุจูŠู†ูƒู…ุดูˆุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ using a
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:20:06,850 --> 00:20:10,750
911
+ reinforced material with .. reinforced ุฒูŠ ุฃูˆู„
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:10,750 --> 00:20:14,470
915
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ material with a different coefficient of
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:14,470 --> 00:20:19,110
919
+ expansion would not be feasible ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด feasibleุŸ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:19,110 --> 00:20:21,310
923
+ ู…ู…ูƒู†
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:30,000
927
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง .. ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด .. ู…ุด ู…ุงุฑ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:36,820
931
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุชู…ู„ุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุงู† .. ู‡ุงู† ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ feasibleุŒ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:36,820 --> 00:20:44,660
935
+ feasible solution ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠุณ for example
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:44,660 --> 00:20:48,800
939
+ aluminum reinforced concrete ุฃูˆ aluminum
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:48,800 --> 00:20:54,540
943
+ reinforcement concrete would quickly disintegrate
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:54,540 --> 00:20:59,100
947
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ุญุทูŠุช ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ aluminum ุฅูŠุด
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:59,100 --> 00:21:02,840
951
+ ู‡ูŠุญุตู„ุŸ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:09,820
955
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ disintegrate ุจุชุดูˆููŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:09,820 --> 00:21:15,530
959
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชุญุทูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุชููƒูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:15,530 --> 00:21:19,550
963
+ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ุชุดุฌูŠุฌ ูˆุงู„ุชููƒูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฏุซ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:19,550 --> 00:21:24,550
967
+ ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุน ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชู…ุฏุฏ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:24,550 --> 00:21:30,250
971
+ disintegrate ู‡ุชุชููƒูƒ ุงู„ุญุฏุซ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:30,250 --> 00:21:37,410
975
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏุซ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† read the text below
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:37,410 --> 00:21:41,410
979
+ and find two elements ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ two elements ู…ู†
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:41,410 --> 00:21:46,050
983
+ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ two compounds, one alloy and one composite
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:46,920 --> 00:21:50,480
987
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ text ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ .. ู†ุนุจ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:54,820
991
+ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ element ุจุฏู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ combined ุจุฏู‡
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:54,820 --> 00:21:58,040
995
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ alloy one ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ composite ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู†
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:58,040 --> 00:22:02,260
999
+ ูƒู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจู†ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐูŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:02,260 --> 00:22:06,180
1003
+ generally the steel used in the reinforced
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:06,180 --> 00:22:11,820
1007
+ concrete ุงูŠุด .. ุงู„ steel ุงูŠุด ู†ูˆุนู‡ element ูˆู„ุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:11,820 --> 00:22:20,740
1011
+ alloyุงู„ุงุณุชูŠู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงูŠุดุŸ iron and carbon ูุจูŠุฌูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:20,740 --> 00:22:25,940
1015
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุชุญุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ alloy ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง steel ุทูŠุจ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:25,940 --> 00:22:32,780
1019
+ reinforced concrete ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุฌูŠุŸ composite ู„ุฃู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:32,780 --> 00:22:37,020
1023
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุชุญุช ุงู„ composite will have previously
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:37,020 --> 00:22:41,860
1027
+ been exposed to water and to the oxygen in the
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:41,860 --> 00:22:47,770
1031
+ air ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ exposedุŸ ุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ู€ explode
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:47,770 --> 00:22:56,910
1035
+ ู‡ุฐูŠูƒ ูุฌุฃุฉ expose ูŠุชุนุฑุถ expose to water and oxygen
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:56,910 --> 00:23:01,190
1039
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ oxygen ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ as a result
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:01,190 --> 00:23:05,650
1043
+ it will usually partly corroded ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ corrodedุŸ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:08,460 --> 00:23:13,420
1047
+ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู…ุง ู† .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:13,420 --> 00:23:20,540
1051
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุขูƒู„ .. ุชุขูƒู„ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:20,540 --> 00:23:26,220
1055
+ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุจุทูˆู† ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุŸ ููŠู‡ ุชุขูƒู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:26,220 --> 00:23:30,560
1059
+ ููŠู‡ุŒ ู…ุจูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ corroded being
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:36,140
1063
+ covered with a layer of iron oxide rust ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:36,140 --> 00:23:41,820
1067
+ iron oxideุŸ ุตุฏู‚ ูˆ ุงู„ iron oxide ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:41,820 --> 00:23:48,900
1071
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ compound ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ rust ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ rust
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:48,900 --> 00:23:55,060
1075
+ ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุงู„ oxygen ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุฃูŠ ุฎุงู†ุฉุŸ ุชุญุช ุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:55,060 --> 00:24:01,620
1079
+ element ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ water ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ compound ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:24:01,620 --> 00:24:05,660
1083
+ Now however once the steel is inside the hardened
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:05,660 --> 00:24:10,400
1087
+ concrete ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ุงูŠุด .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:13,400
1091
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ู„ู…ุง ุชุญุท ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุจูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŸ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:20,760
1095
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ุŸ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:20,760 --> 00:24:24,840
1099
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุจุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ู
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:24,840 --> 00:24:30,360
1103
+ hardened concrete ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉ ุฌุงู…ุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ it
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:30,360 --> 00:24:33,780
1107
+ will be protected from air and water which prevent
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:33,780 --> 00:24:39,260
1111
+ further rusting ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุท ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ู†ุญุทู‡ ุฌูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:39,260 --> 00:24:44,440
1115
+ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎุฑุณุงู†ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดูƒู„ ุบู„ุงู ุจุชุญู…ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:44,440 --> 00:24:53,140
1119
+ ุงู„ุตุฏุฃ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุงู„ุงุณู…ู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูƒุณ ู„ุง ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ุนุถูˆู‹ุง ู…ุน
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:53,140 --> 00:24:59,460
1123
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูƒุณุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:59,460 --> 00:25:00,180
1127
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:25:00,180 --> 00:25:02,660
1131
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:02,660 --> 00:25:04,000
1135
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:09,340
1139
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:09,340 --> 00:25:14,680
1143
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:14,680 --> 00:25:23,160
1147
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชุนุฑุถู†ุง ู„ู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฑุฌุน
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:23,160 --> 00:25:30,540
1151
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ paragraph ูˆ ุงู„ words ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทูŠุจ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:30,540 --> 00:25:36,300
1155
+ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฑุฃ ุชุชุทูˆุน ุจุฏู†ุง ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุชู†ุณูˆุด ุงู† ููŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:36,300 --> 00:25:42,020
1159
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุงุฑูƒูˆุง ุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:25:42,020 --> 00:25:49,300
1163
+ ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุชุด ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุฌุฏุฏ ุดุงุฑูƒุช ุงู†ุช ุงุฌุฏุฏ ุทูŠุจ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:25:49,300 --> 00:25:52,640
1167
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงุฑุจุน slides ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงุจุฏูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:59,220
1171
+ ุจุณ ุนุงุฑูู‡ ุจุงุณู…ูƒ ุทูŠุจ ุจุณ ุตูˆุช ุงุนู„ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ุตูˆุช ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:59,220 --> 00:26:15,940
1175
+ ุงุชูุถู„ูŠ ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุงุช ู…ุนุฑูˆูุงุช ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ุงุชูุถู„ูŠ ุงูŠู‡
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:26:16,020 --> 00:26:25,100
1179
+ examples of materials are iron, Fe and copper, Cu
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:26:25,100 --> 00:26:28,060
1183
+ and fundamental examples of fundamentals
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:26:28,060 --> 00:26:37,520
1187
+ materials are pipeline and plastic, silicon and
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:41,540
1191
+ silicon as iron is such a widely used material
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:41,930 --> 00:26:44,670
1195
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชู… ู…ู‚ุงุทุนู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ูŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:44,670 --> 00:26:48,450
1199
+ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฌูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:48,450 --> 00:26:52,710
1203
+ ู†ููˆ 10 ุงูŠุฑุงู† ูˆุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฌูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ููˆ 10
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:26:52,710 --> 00:26:57,340
1207
+ ุงูŠุฑุงู† ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ words ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง metals ูˆ non-metal
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:57,340 --> 00:27:02,140
1211
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ nouns ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ adjective metallic ูˆ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:27:02,140 --> 00:27:06,240
1215
+ non-metallic ุงู„ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุงุช ferrous ูˆ non
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:27:06,240 --> 00:27:11,240
1219
+ -ferrous ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ slide ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑู
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:16,220
1223
+ ุงู„ metal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠ non-metal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:27:16,220 --> 00:27:21,870
1227
+ ุงู„ ferrous ..ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:21,870 --> 00:27:27,250
1231
+ nonferrous ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจูƒ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:27,250 --> 00:27:40,530
1235
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุชูุถู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุทูŠุจ ุชูุถู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู…
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:40,530 --> 00:27:42,650
1239
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:42,650 --> 00:27:43,990
1243
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:43,990 --> 00:27:46,890
1247
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:46,890 --> 00:27:48,170
1251
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:28:06,190 --> 00:28:12,550
1255
+ categories constituent ingredients
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:28:15,080 --> 00:28:20,440
1259
+ ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุฑูˆ ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู† ูˆ ุชุฑูŠู†ูˆ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:26,200
1263
+ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:26,540
1267
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:28:26,540 --> 00:28:28,740
1271
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:28:28,740 --> 00:28:30,060
1275
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:28:30,060 --> 00:28:30,660
1279
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:28:30,660 --> 00:28:34,240
1283
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:34,240 --> 00:28:43,790
1287
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑOkay ุดูƒุฑุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:43,790 --> 00:28:49,250
1291
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง elements ูˆ compounds ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ compounds
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:49,250 --> 00:28:54,170
1295
+ chemically bound ุงู„ elements they can't be broken
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:54,170 --> 00:28:58,210
1299
+ into ingredients or constituents they are pure
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:58,210 --> 00:29:05,090
1303
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ูƒูˆุง
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:29:05,090 --> 00:29:09,110
1307
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ุชูุถู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู…
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:29:11,100 --> 00:29:30,700
1311
+ ุทูŠุจ ูˆุนุฏูŠ ุตูˆุชูƒ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ noise
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:43,640
1315
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:29:43,640 --> 00:29:46,000
1319
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:47,500
1323
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:29:47,500 --> 00:29:48,880
1327
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:29:48,880 --> 00:29:49,060
1331
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:49,060 --> 00:29:49,820
1335
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:49,820 --> 00:29:50,440
1339
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:50,440 --> 00:29:51,060
1343
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:51,060 --> 00:29:55,680
1347
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:56,110 --> 00:30:00,710
1351
+ ุงุณู… ุงู„ quantities they insert to the main metal in
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:30:00,710 --> 00:30:05,530
1355
+ samples for widely used alloying metals are
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:30:05,530 --> 00:30:13,270
1359
+ chromium and manganese and this one is titanium
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:30:16,510 --> 00:30:21,990
1363
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ mixture ูˆ ุงู„ alloy ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃู‡ู… ุฌุฒุฆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:30:21,990 --> 00:30:26,670
1367
+ alloy ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ู… metallic ูˆ non-metallic material
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:30:26,670 --> 00:30:34,630
1371
+ added to metallic materials in small
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:30:34,630 --> 00:30:41,170
1375
+ quantities ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทูŠุจ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:41,170 --> 00:30:41,930
1379
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:44,520 --> 00:30:51,180
1383
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุชูุถู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุณู…ุนูŠู‡ู… ุนุดุงู†
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:51,180 --> 00:30:56,240
1387
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ ูŠุนุฑู ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุนุฑู ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุดุŸ ู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชูุถู„ูŠ ูŠุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:56,240 --> 00:30:56,680
1391
+ ุณู…ูŠุฉ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:31:00,550 --> 00:31:04,590
1395
+ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆููˆุณูƒูˆุฒ ูˆู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ู…ุซุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:31:04,590 --> 00:31:08,370
1399
+ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:31:08,370 --> 00:31:09,930
1403
+ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:31:09,930 --> 00:31:11,790
1407
+ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:31:11,790 --> 00:31:12,690
1411
+ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:12,690 --> 00:31:14,550
1415
+ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:14,550 --> 00:31:14,590
1419
+ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:31:14,590 --> 00:31:30,330
1423
+ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ูˆ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:31:32,030 --> 00:31:39,370
1427
+ ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:31:39,370 --> 00:31:40,050
1431
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:40,050 --> 00:31:43,770
1435
+ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:43,770 --> 00:31:45,870
1439
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:45,870 --> 00:31:46,650
1443
+ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:46,650 --> 00:31:46,690
1447
+ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:46,690 --> 00:31:46,710
1451
+ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:46,710 --> 00:31:52,450
1455
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:31:52,450 --> 00:31:56,820
1459
+ ุนู† ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ composites ูˆ ุงู„ู€ composites ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:31:56,820 --> 00:32:01,040
1463
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ word reinforce ุฃูˆ reinforcement
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:32:01,040 --> 00:32:08,980
1467
+ ูู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุฏุนูŠู… ุทูŠุจ ุขุฎุฑ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:32:08,980 --> 00:32:14,770
1471
+ slide ุงุชูุถู„ูŠ please translate what comes in material
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:32:14,770 --> 00:32:18,270
1475
+ is a matrix with reinforcing material inside it a
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:32:18,270 --> 00:32:21,050
1479
+ modern everyday example is fabric glass correctly
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:32:21,050 --> 00:32:26,130
1483
+ called reinforced plastic GRD which has a plastic
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:32:26,130 --> 00:32:30,030
1487
+ matrix reinforced with glass fibers okay ุจู†ุดูƒุฑูƒู…
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:32:30,030 --> 00:32:33,630
1491
+ ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุงู„
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:32:33,630 --> 00:32:39,170
1495
+ reinforcement ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:32:39,170 --> 00:32:42,380
1499
+ ุงุชุนูˆุฏูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุจุช ุนู†ุฏูƒู…
1500
+
1501
+ Okay, please provide the Arabic/English lecture transcript you would like me to review and correct. I will ensure that I:
1502
+
1503
+ * **Focus on typos and grammatical errors only.**
1504
+ * **Preserve the original text dialect and grammar.**
1505
+ * **Maintain the original meaning and style.**
1506
+ * **Output the corrected transcript ONLY in the same format as the input.**
1507
+ * **Keep the text in its original language (no translation).**
1508
+
1509
+ I'm ready when you are!
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/h4Be7E6BT60_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
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@@ -0,0 +1,1600 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,810 --> 00:00:26,970
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,970 --> 00:00:30,850
7
+ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู†ุงู†ููŠุฑุงุณ ู…ุชุงู„ูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:30,850 --> 00:00:40,870
11
+ ู†ุงู†ููŠุฑุงุณ ู…ุชุงู„ูŠุงุŸ ู‡ุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุŒ ู…ุชุงู„ูŠุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:40,870 --> 00:00:42,050
15
+ with no iron
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:45,150 --> 00:00:49,050
19
+ ูˆูˆุจุณุงูŠุช ุงู„ู€ common nonferrous engineering metals.
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:49,170 --> 00:00:53,630
23
+ These websites extracts look at the engineering
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:53,630 --> 00:00:56,710
27
+ application of some nonferrous metals that is
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:56,710 --> 00:01:01,890
31
+ metal that do not contain iron ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:01,890 --> 00:01:09,890
35
+ ู…ู‚ุชุทูุฉ ู…ู† ุตูุญุงุช ูˆุจุณุงูŠุช ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ metals
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:09,890 --> 00:01:10,890
39
+ with no iron
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:19,920
43
+ alluminium is widely used often in alloy form ุฅูŠุด
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:25,900
47
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ in the
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:25,900 --> 00:01:32,760
51
+ form of alloy an example is chromium ุฏูˆุฑุงู„ ..
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:39,920
55
+ ุฏูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ุฏูˆุฑุงู„ .. ุฏูˆุฑุงู„ูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:40,880 --> 00:01:47,820
59
+ ู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:47,820 --> 00:01:47,960
63
+ ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:47,960 --> 00:01:51,180
67
+ ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:51,180 --> 00:01:55,600
71
+ ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:55,600 --> 00:02:05,420
75
+ ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:05,420 --> 00:02:08,140
79
+ ุฏ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:20,000
83
+ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ 4.4 ูˆู…ูŠุฌู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… 1.5
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:23,060
87
+ ุฃูˆู„ูˆ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:23,060 --> 00:02:29,300
91
+ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู†ูŠูˆู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏูุนุง ู…ุน ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู…
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:29,300 --> 00:02:31,920
95
+ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู…ุตุงุฑูŠู ู‚ูˆูŠ ุฌุฏุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:35,670 --> 00:02:40,530
99
+ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุธูุฉ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูุถู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:40,530 --> 00:02:45,190
103
+ ู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‚ุทุน ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑูŠุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:45,190 --> 00:02:50,010
107
+ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:50,010 --> 00:02:56,450
111
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑู…ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ู…ุฌุฑู… ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุจุฑุฉ ูˆุฒู†ูƒ ูˆู‚ุจุฑุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:56,450 --> 00:03:02,060
115
+ ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ูˆู‚ุจุฑุฉ ุชู†and sometimes lead ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชุทู„ุน
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:02,060 --> 00:03:07,420
119
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cover cover ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุด ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงู†ุญุงุณ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:07,420 --> 00:03:11,420
123
+ is an electrical conductor ุชุทู„ุน ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:11,420 --> 00:03:17,080
127
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:20,840
131
+ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุณ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุชุทู„ุน
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:26,690
135
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฎุท ุบุงุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุงู„ุบุงุฒุŒ ุงู†ุจูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุŒ ู…ุด
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:26,690 --> 00:03:30,650
139
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุจูŠุด ุงู„ุฌุฑุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจุนุถู‡ู…ุŒ ุญุงุทุท ุฎุท ุบุงุฒ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:30,650 --> 00:03:37,190
143
+ ุฎุท ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุŸ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ูˆู…ุบู„ูุŒ ุฏู‡ ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:37,190 --> 00:03:40,830
147
+ ุฅูŠุด .. ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ goodุŸ ductabilityุŒ also make it
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:40,830 --> 00:03:44,090
151
+ suitable ุงู„ duct ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุชุบู„ูŠูุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:44,090 --> 00:03:49,190
155
+ ูุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑุŒ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:49,190 --> 00:03:54,560
159
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:54,560 --> 00:03:58,480
163
+ ู„ู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจุฑุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง central
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:58,480 --> 00:04:01,820
167
+ heating ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:01,820 --> 00:04:06,380
171
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู…ูŠู‡ ุญุงู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู†ุงุจูŠุจ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:06,380 --> 00:04:11,060
175
+ ูˆ ุจูŠู„ููˆู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:11,060 --> 00:04:15,580
179
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุฏูุฆ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:15,580 --> 00:04:22,200
183
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ copper ุงู†ุญุงุณOkay. Copper is
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:27,560
187
+ widely used in alloys notably brass. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ brassุŸ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:27,560 --> 00:04:34,280
191
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ .. ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุชุดูˆููˆู‡ูˆุด ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ููŠ ุตูˆุงู†ูŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:34,280 --> 00:04:40,720
195
+ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู† ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณูŠุฉุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุบู„ููˆู‡ุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:40,720 --> 00:04:44,560
199
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ brass ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ bronze ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:46,860
203
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ bronze ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:46,860 --> 00:04:53,320
207
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒูŠุฉ cover and tin ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฅูŠุด lead
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:53,320 --> 00:05:08,130
211
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉุŸ ุงู„ tin ..ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุชู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุนุงุฏู†
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:08,130 --> 00:05:14,890
215
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุชุจุนูŠู† ุฒู…ุงู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:14,890 --> 00:05:20,190
219
+ ุงู„ุญุฏุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฏุฏูŠู† ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ .. ูƒู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงุฎุชูุช ู‡ุฐู‡
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:20,190 --> 00:05:24,370
223
+ ุงู„ุญุฏุฏ ูƒุงู† .. ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ oxygen ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ูƒูˆู‡
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:24,370 --> 00:05:32,330
227
+ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠุฑุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠุฑ ุจู„ุญู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏุงุฏ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:32,330 --> 00:05:36,430
231
+ ูˆุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจู„ุญู… ููŠู‡ ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:36,430 --> 00:05:42,250
235
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ lead
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:42,250 --> 00:05:49,930
239
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุณุงู…ุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู„ูˆ ูˆุฌุฏุช ููŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:49,930 --> 00:05:54,590
243
+ .. ููŠ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ู‡ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:54,590 --> 00:06:00,460
247
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุตู„ุงุจุฉ ู„ู„ ..ู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูˆุฑุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:00,460 --> 00:06:04,580
251
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:04,580 --> 00:06:04,920
255
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:04,920 --> 00:06:05,220
259
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:05,220 --> 00:06:05,580
263
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:05,580 --> 00:06:09,160
267
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:09,160 --> 00:06:09,280
271
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:09,280 --> 00:06:18,800
275
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:18,800 --> 00:06:19,200
279
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:19,200 --> 00:06:19,980
283
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:19,980 --> 00:06:20,440
287
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:20,440 --> 00:06:20,520
291
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:20,840
295
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:20,840 --> 00:06:27,540
299
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงู„ูุถุฉ is ุทุงู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ precious .. precious
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:27,540 --> 00:06:33,980
303
+ metal ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ preciousุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุซู…ูŠู†ุฉa
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:33,980 --> 00:06:37,500
307
+ reference to its high cost ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ..
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:37,500 --> 00:06:42,960
311
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ูˆ ุงู„ูุถุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:42,960 --> 00:06:46,520
315
+ ุงู„ุบุงู„ูŠุฉ it is a better electrical conductor than
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:50,440
319
+ any other material ู‡ูŠ ุฃุญุณู† ุฅุดูŠ ู„ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:50,440 --> 00:06:54,320
323
+ ุจุณ ูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุงุฌุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุŸ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:54,950 --> 00:06:58,730
327
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุณุนุฑ .. ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ู„ุฃู† ุณุนุฑู‡ู… ุบุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงุญุฏุด
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:58,730 --> 00:07:03,170
331
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู…ุŒ so often .. it's often used for
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:03,170 --> 00:07:05,930
335
+ electronic connections
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:07,660 --> 00:07:11,260
339
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ุงู„ุงู† another precious metal ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:11,260 --> 00:07:14,620
343
+ gold is also an excellent conductor ุจุณ ุจุชุดูˆู ุนุดุงู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:14,620 --> 00:07:19,760
347
+ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ gold ู„ุฃูŠ ุชูˆุตูŠู„ุฉ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ and is
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:19,760 --> 00:07:24,540
351
+ highly .. now is highly corrosion resistance ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:24,540 --> 00:07:31,180
355
+ ุดูุช ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ุจุชุงูƒู„ุŸ ุจุชุงูƒู„ุด ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุจุตุฏูŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:31,180 --> 00:07:37,420
359
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ูู‡ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ูˆ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:37,420 --> 00:07:42,740
363
+ ุงู„ูุถู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุชุงูƒู„ู†ุด ุจุณ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ู„ุฅู† precious
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:42,740 --> 00:07:48,940
367
+ metals ุชู…ุงู†ู‡ู… ุบุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง plating with
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:48,940 --> 00:07:54,240
371
+ non-ferrous metals ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ platingุŸ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:54,240 --> 00:07:57,740
375
+ ุชุตููŠุญ ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:57,740 --> 00:08:04,020
379
+ ุจู†ุบู„ูู‡ุงุŒ ุจู†ุฏู‡ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุตุญุŸุฃูˆ plating ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุฑุณุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:04,020 --> 00:08:09,200
383
+ ุญุงุฌุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู† .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุจู†ู…ู†ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฃูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:13,240
387
+ nonferrous metal can be used to protect steel from
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:18,260
391
+ corrosion by plating it ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ู†ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:18,260 --> 00:08:22,260
395
+ ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฎู„ูˆู‡ ู…ุงูŠุชุฃูƒู„ุด ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุบู„ูู‡
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:23,410 --> 00:08:27,750
399
+ ุงู„ุงู† that is covering it with a layer of non-metal
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:27,750 --> 00:08:33,450
403
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุบู„ูู‡ ุจุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ุด .. metal ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุทู„ุน ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:33,450 --> 00:08:38,130
407
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณูˆูŠุŸ ู„ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจู†ุฏู‡ู†ู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:38,130 --> 00:08:42,050
411
+ platingุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ platingุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:42,050 --> 00:08:47,630
415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ an example is galvanization ..
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:47,630 --> 00:08:52,170
419
+ galvanizing ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุฌุงู„ูู†ุฉุŸ ู„ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู… galvan
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:52,980 --> 00:08:58,840
423
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ galvanization ุฃู†ุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุชุงู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:58,840 --> 00:09:03,460
427
+ ุนุงู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุบุทูŠู‡ ุจุทุจู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:03,460 --> 00:09:07,560
431
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ galvanization ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† manual ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:07,560 --> 00:09:12,620
435
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุดุบู„ ูˆ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุฌูŠุจ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ูˆ ุจ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:12,620 --> 00:09:16,260
439
+ .. ูˆ ุจุบุทู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุทู„ุญู‡ุง ุชู†ุดูุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:16,260 --> 00:09:21,590
443
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุงู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:21,590 --> 00:09:26,630
447
+ ุชุณูˆูŠ ููŠ ุฏู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุจูˆุงุจ ุฏู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ ุฏู‡ุงู† ุจูˆุงุจ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:26,630 --> 00:09:31,850
451
+ ุจู„ู…ุนุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ ุฏู‡ุงู† ุนุงุฏูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฃุจูˆ ู„ู…ุนุฉ ุงุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุฑ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:31,850 --> 00:09:36,170
455
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ู…ุงุช .. ู…ุงุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ูˆุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุถุฑุจ ุฃูŠ ุฅุดูŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:36,170 --> 00:09:40,750
459
+ ููŠู‡ ุตุนุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุตุจ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุงู† ุจุงู„ุตุจ ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠูƒุจ ูˆ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:40,750 --> 00:09:45,130
463
+ ุจู‚ุนุฏ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฒุฉ ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:45,130 --> 00:09:51,100
467
+ ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุตูŠุงู†ุฉุตุนุจุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูุงู„ galvanization ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:51,100 --> 00:09:55,720
471
+ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ูŠุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุตุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฅูŠุดุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุทูŠู‡ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:55,720 --> 00:10:00,320
475
+ ููŠ ุดูŠุกุŒ ุชุบุฑู‚ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุชุทู„ุนูŠู‡ ุงู„ steel can be .. ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:00,320 --> 00:10:03,900
479
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ steel can be hot dip galvanized
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:03,900 --> 00:10:09,300
483
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุณุงุฎู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุณุงุญุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:09,300 --> 00:10:13,260
487
+ ุจุทู„ุนู‡ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:13,260 --> 00:10:18,620
491
+ galvanizationุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุณุฎู†ุฉby placing in
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:18,620 --> 00:10:24,380
495
+ molten zinc ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ molten ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ liquid ุงู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:24,380 --> 00:10:29,560
499
+ zinc ุณุงุฆุญ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฎู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูŠุด ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆู†
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:29,560 --> 00:10:33,820
503
+ ุงู„ zinc ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุณุงูŠุญู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุงุฎู† ูˆ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:33,820 --> 00:10:39,020
507
+ ุจุฏูŠ ู†ุฒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู‡ ูˆ ุงุทู„ุนู‡ it can also be electro
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:39,020 --> 00:10:43,580
511
+ galvanized ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ electro
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:43,580 --> 00:10:48,620
515
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุงู„ุงู† which is the type
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:48,620 --> 00:10:52,160
519
+ of electroplating ุงู„ู€ electroplating ู‡ุงูŠ ุดุงูŠููŠู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:52,160 --> 00:10:55,900
523
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ metal being used for plating
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:55,900 --> 00:11:00,280
527
+ ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ positive
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:00,280 --> 00:11:05,780
531
+ terminal ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ anode positive terminal
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:05,780 --> 00:11:10,580
535
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ anode ุฏุฎู„ุชูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:10,580 --> 00:11:15,000
539
+ ูƒุงุชูˆุฏ ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ steel component that being plated
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:20,220
543
+ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆุฏู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:20,220 --> 00:11:25,740
547
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง electrolyte
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:25,740 --> 00:11:30,780
551
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:30,780 --> 00:11:34,140
555
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:34,140 --> 00:11:39,680
559
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑุณุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฏู‡ู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:39,680 --> 00:11:45,480
563
+ item ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ galvanizationู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:49,760
567
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:49,760 --> 00:11:54,360
571
+ terminal ุงู„ electricity which electroplating with
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:57,500
575
+ this technique the steel components is placed in a
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:57,500 --> 00:12:01,880
579
+ liquid often an acid ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ liquid ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญู…ุถ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:01,880 --> 00:12:06,880
583
+ okay called the electrolyte and connected to the
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:06,880 --> 00:12:11,410
587
+ negative terminalof the electrical supply to
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:11,410 --> 00:12:16,330
591
+ become the cathodeุŒ the negative sideุŒ ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆุฏ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:16,330 --> 00:12:23,390
595
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูƒู†ุช .. ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุชุŸ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:26,500 --> 00:12:31,460
599
+ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ู…ูˆุถุนุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:31,460 --> 00:12:35,520
603
+ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ูŠุช ูˆู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:39,740
607
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูŠูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:39,740 --> 00:12:43,660
611
+ negative pipe ู…ุฌุฒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ ู…ูˆุถุนุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:43,660 --> 00:12:48,950
615
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูŠูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ุฉู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:48,950 --> 00:12:51,910
619
+ ุงู„ positive terminal of the supply this then
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:51,910 --> 00:12:55,450
623
+ becomes the anode or the positive side an electric
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:55,450 --> 00:12:59,630
627
+ current then flows between the pieces of metal
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:59,630 --> 00:13:02,930
631
+ through the electrolyte this causes a chemical
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:02,930 --> 00:13:08,170
635
+ reaction ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‰Electric current causes
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:08,170 --> 00:13:12,350
639
+ a chemical reaction which deposits zinc on the
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:12,350 --> 00:13:14,830
643
+ cathode depleting the components ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:14,830 --> 00:13:20,530
647
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฐู†ูƒ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ anode ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:20,530 --> 00:13:24,870
651
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฐู†ูƒ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูˆ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:24,870 --> 00:13:28,170
655
+ ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:28,170 --> 00:13:33,330
659
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ positive ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:33,330 --> 00:13:38,100
663
+ electrode ูˆ ุงู„ negativeุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:38,100 --> 00:13:42,140
667
+ terminal ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ negative ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‰ positive ion ุฅูŠุด
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:42,140 --> 00:13:46,580
671
+ ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุฑูˆุญุŸ ุจุฏู‰ get attracted ู„ู„ negative ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:46,580 --> 00:13:51,380
675
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ูู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุฅู†ู‡
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:51,380 --> 00:13:57,420
679
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:57,420 --> 00:14:01,380
683
+ positive ion ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ zinc ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cathode ูˆ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:01,380 --> 00:14:06,380
687
+ ุจุชู„ุฒู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูุจุชุนู…ู„ู‰ ุทุจู‚ุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:06,380 --> 00:14:11,600
691
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง a related process
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:16,980
695
+ called anodizing is used to protect aluminum the
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:16,980 --> 00:14:20,760
699
+ components to be anodized is connected to the
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:24,460
703
+ positive terminal ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:24,460 --> 00:14:28,820
707
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงูŠุด anodizing ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ูŠู†
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:28,820 --> 00:14:34,290
711
+ ู„ู„ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูŠุด
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:34,290 --> 00:14:38,730
715
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ aluminum components
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:38,730 --> 00:14:42,490
719
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ cathode ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ bathing
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:42,490 --> 00:14:48,420
723
+ containing ุงู„ electro lightis connected to the
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:48,420 --> 00:14:51,780
727
+ positive terminal to become the anode and placed
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:51,780 --> 00:14:55,380
731
+ in the electrolyte with a cathode and electricity
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:55,380 --> 00:14:59,660
735
+ flow through the aluminum aluminum oxide is
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:59,660 --> 00:15:02,520
739
+ deposited on the anode ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:02,520 --> 00:15:06,520
743
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูุงุฏุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ aluminum oxide
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:06,520 --> 00:15:12,620
747
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ rust ุงู„ rust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุฏู‰
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:12,620 --> 00:15:18,050
751
+ ูุงู„ุตุฏู‰ ุงู„ aluminumvery hard ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ protective
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:18,050 --> 00:15:23,550
755
+ ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุชู‡ุง ูุงู„ุบุฑุถ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:23,550 --> 00:15:27,990
759
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุตุฏุฑ ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:27,990 --> 00:15:32,330
763
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญู…ูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง anodizing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:32,330 --> 00:15:35,270
767
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:35,270 --> 00:15:39,190
771
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:39,190 --> 00:15:46,230
775
+ ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ู‡ูˆ ุตุฏู‚ุŒ ุจุณ ุตุฏู‚ ..
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:46,230 --> 00:15:50,490
779
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชุญุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุตุฏู‚ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉุŒ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:50,490 --> 00:15:53,990
783
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุด .. ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠุด ูŠุชุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุชุญุชุŒ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:53,990 --> 00:15:59,000
787
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุตุฏู‚ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฌุดุฑุจุฌุดุฑ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:02,960
791
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุชู‡ ุชุตุฏูˆุง ูˆ ุชุฌุดุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุงูŠุด ุชุฏูˆุจ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:02,960 --> 00:16:07,300
795
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูุงู„ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hard cover ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ..
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:07,300 --> 00:16:11,500
799
+ ุงุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฎุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:11,500 --> 00:16:16,740
803
+ culture ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุงุŸ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุตุฏุง ุจุณ ุงู„ุตุฏุง ู‡ุฐุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:16,740 --> 00:16:23,280
807
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู…ูุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุณ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:23,280 --> 00:16:27,040
811
+ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูˆุจุด ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:32,020
815
+ ุฌุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:32,020 --> 00:16:36,820
819
+ ุงู„ุชุฃูƒู„ ุจูŠุฎุฑุจ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:36,820 --> 00:16:41,540
823
+ and this is harder than aluminium metal it
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:41,540 --> 00:16:47,060
827
+ provides a protection ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู†
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:47,060 --> 00:16:53,280
831
+ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุนู…ู„ protection ุงู„ุงุฏู†ุงู† ูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:53,280 --> 00:16:57,480
835
+ make the correct sentences using one from .. one
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:00,320
839
+ part from each column look at the opposite ุงู„ุงุฏู†ุงู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:05,220
843
+ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:05,220 --> 00:17:08,940
847
+ is an aluminum alloy that are contained ..
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:08,940 --> 00:17:15,080
851
+ contains copper and magnesiumุงู„ุงู† ุชูˆุงุตู„ูŠ ุจุณ ู…ุด ูู‰
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:15,080 --> 00:17:19,960
855
+ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‰ ุดุฌุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† titanium ุงูŠุด ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนู‡ุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:23,180
859
+ can be mixed with copper while it resists
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:23,180 --> 00:17:27,580
863
+ corrosion better than the other metal brushes, has
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:27,580 --> 00:17:30,580
867
+ a high strength to weight ratio and is often
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:30,580 --> 00:17:31,460
871
+ alloyed with
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:40,280
875
+ with aluminium ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ูˆู„ุง with bronze
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:40,280 --> 00:17:44,900
879
+ ูˆู„ุง brass ูˆู„ุง silver ูุด ู„ู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ aluminium ุงู„ุงู†
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:44,900 --> 00:17:50,180
883
+ zinc ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‰ can be mixed with copper to make
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:50,180 --> 00:17:57,420
887
+ ุงู„ zinc ู…ุน ุงู„ copper ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‰ brass ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุขู†
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:57,420 --> 00:18:01,860
891
+ copper can be mixed with tin and lead to produce
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:01,860 --> 00:18:08,340
895
+ meanุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง tin and lead
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:08,340 --> 00:18:15,400
899
+ ุทูŠุจ gold resist corrosion better than other
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:15,400 --> 00:18:21,400
903
+ precious metals silver ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุทุจุนุง ุงูุถู„ ุงุดูŠ ุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:25,260
907
+ gold ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุจุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญูุธูŠู‡ู… ููŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:25,260 --> 00:18:30,520
911
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:30,520 --> 00:18:35,300
915
+ ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงุŸ Tin and lead ุงู„ุจุฑุงุณ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃูŠุดุŸ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:35,300 --> 00:18:41,380
919
+ Copper and zinc ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู…
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:41,380 --> 00:18:46,240
923
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง .. ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง .. ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:46,240 --> 00:18:50,140
927
+ strength .. strong material ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ brushes metals
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:50,140 --> 00:18:55,960
931
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸุงู„ุฌูˆู„ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ูุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆู„ุฏ the best
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:55,960 --> 00:18:59,540
935
+ conductor ุงูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ best ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:59,540 --> 00:19:07,960
939
+ resistance for corrosion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃู† metals
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:07,960 --> 00:19:12,460
943
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ metalsุŸ ููŠ ุณุคุงู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:12,460 --> 00:19:13,100
947
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒุŸ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:15,750 --> 00:19:19,430
951
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ complete the word group below
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:19,430 --> 00:19:24,050
955
+ using the names of the metals in 13 one ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:24,050 --> 00:19:28,550
959
+ metal elements ูู„ู†ุญุทู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง alloys ูˆ precious ู…ุฑุถูˆ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:28,550 --> 00:19:35,410
963
+ .. ู…ุฑุถูˆ .. ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ metal alloys
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:35,410 --> 00:19:41,290
967
+ ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง precious metals
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:43,560 --> 00:19:49,980
971
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:49,980 --> 00:20:00,920
975
+ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฒู†ูƒุŒ ูƒุงุจุฑุŒ gold ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:07,580
979
+ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ a, b, cุŒ ู†ุตู†ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:07,580 --> 00:20:22,010
983
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุงูŠุดุŸ a, a, a, cู‡ุฐู‡ C A ูˆ C ู‡ู‰ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏู‡ A
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:22,010 --> 00:20:34,810
987
+ ูˆ C Press B Aluminium Prunes Magnesium A ุฏู„ู‡ุง
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:34,810 --> 00:20:44,510
991
+ ุฏุฑุงู„ู‡ู… B ุทูŠุจ ุงุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฏู„ ุญุงุฌุฉููŠ aluminum ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:44,510 --> 00:20:51,250
995
+ ู‡ู†ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ lead ูˆ zinc ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:51,250 --> 00:20:54,570
999
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:54,570 --> 00:20:59,890
1003
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง nonferrous ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุทู„ุน
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:59,890 --> 00:21:04,990
1007
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง nonferrous metals ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:04,990 --> 00:21:10,070
1011
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ alloysุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ B ูˆ ุงู„ู€ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:10,070 --> 00:21:13,790
1015
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ precious metals ูˆ ุงู„ precious metals
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:13,790 --> 00:21:21,510
1019
+ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู„ gold ูˆ ุงู„ silver ุทูŠุจ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:21,510 --> 00:21:33,730
1023
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุทูŠุจ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:33,730 --> 00:21:40,150
1027
+ metal elements ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงComplete the checklist
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:40,150 --> 00:21:44,830
1031
+ list for Electroplating using the words in the box
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:44,830 --> 00:21:49,190
1035
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ Anode, Cathode, Electrolyte,
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:49,330 --> 00:21:53,710
1039
+ Electroplating, Galvanizing, Negative, Plated,
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:54,130 --> 00:21:59,610
1043
+ Positive Check that there is sufficient ุงูŠุด in the
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:59,610 --> 00:22:04,930
1047
+ path to completely cover the components ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:04,930 --> 00:22:09,510
1051
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุงุญุท ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง plating ุงูŠุด ุงูˆู„
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:09,510 --> 00:22:14,570
1055
+ ุดุฑุท ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ acid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:14,570 --> 00:22:19,530
1059
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุงุฏุด ุจู†ุงู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ electrolyte
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:19,530 --> 00:22:24,470
1063
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ there is sufficient
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:24,470 --> 00:22:28,290
1067
+ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ in order to ensure that the
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:28,290 --> 00:22:32,510
1071
+ component will subsequently be ุงูŠุด over its entire
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:32,510 --> 00:22:33,030
1075
+ surface
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:38,120 --> 00:22:43,580
1079
+ to be plated over its entirety ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:43,580 --> 00:22:50,640
1083
+ ุจุชุญุทูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุบุทู‰ ูƒุงู…ู„ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ู…ู‡ุฏ ู…ุบุทูŠู‡
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:50,640 --> 00:22:55,500
1087
+ ุงู„ุงุณุฏ ู…ุบุทูŠู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ensure that the
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:55,500 --> 00:23:02,260
1091
+ component is connected to the negative terminal
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:15,320
1095
+ ู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ of the electrical supply during
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:22,500
1099
+ the ุฅูŠุดุŸ electroplatingุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ four process the
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:22,500 --> 00:23:28,740
1103
+ component should function as negative ุจุฏุฑูˆุญ ู…ุนุงู‡
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:28,740 --> 00:23:34,440
1107
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒุงุชูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูŠู† ุฑุงุญู†ุง ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:40,600
1111
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉุงูƒุชุดู ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญ ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:49,000
1115
+ ุฒู†ูƒ 4 ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:53,340
1119
+ ุจุงู„ู€ positive
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:57,360 --> 00:24:01,460
1123
+ Terminal of the electrical supply during the
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:01,460 --> 00:24:05,280
1127
+ process it should be functioned as a node ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:11,180
1131
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู„ู…ู‘ุง ุชุญุท ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุดุงู ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุบู…
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:11,180 --> 00:24:15,820
1135
+ ุจุณุงุทุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ุจู„ุงุญุธ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชุญุท ุงู„ุณุฎู†ุฉ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:15,820 --> 00:24:20,280
1139
+ ุฏู„ู‘ูƒ ุนูˆุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุนูˆุฏูƒู… ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนุดุงู†
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:20,280 --> 00:24:20,800
1143
+ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:23,570 --> 00:24:30,530
1147
+ ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง copying ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:30,530 --> 00:24:35,110
1151
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู‡ู… ุงุดูŠู‡ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ process of
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:35,110 --> 00:24:39,210
1155
+ electroplating ุงู„ electroplating ุชุชุทู„ุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:39,210 --> 00:24:43,810
1159
+ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ acid ุงู„ electrolyte ุงู„ acid
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:43,810 --> 00:24:47,590
1163
+ ู…ุด ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ electroplating ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:47,590 --> 00:24:53,090
1167
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆุฏ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:53,090 --> 00:24:59,930
1171
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ anode ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ positive
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:59,930 --> 00:25:04,690
1175
+ terminal ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ negative terminal ุงู„ุขู†
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:04,690 --> 00:25:09,910
1179
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ acid ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:09,910 --> 00:25:15,710
1183
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ acid ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ acidุŸู‡ูˆ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:15,710 --> 00:25:19,710
1187
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ electrolyte ุงู„ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:19,710 --> 00:25:27,530
1191
+ ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:27,530 --> 00:25:33,890
1195
+ ุฃุญุท ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ iron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:33,890 --> 00:25:39,150
1199
+ ุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ zinc ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู€
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:39,150 --> 00:25:43,310
1203
+ galvanization ู‡ุชุนู…ู„
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:48,230 --> 00:25:51,970
1207
+ Galvanizing ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠูˆู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:51,970 --> 00:25:56,130
1211
+ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ู„ู‡ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ positive
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:56,130 --> 00:26:03,430
1215
+ ุงูŠูˆู† ู‡ูŠุฏู„ูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:03,430 --> 00:26:07,670
1219
+ ู‡ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ุงู„ positive ions ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ service
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:07,670 --> 00:26:12,080
1223
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุงู†ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชุฑุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ service ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:16,480
1227
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ galvanization ุฃูˆ ุงู„ galvanุฉ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:16,480 --> 00:26:23,360
1231
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู†
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:23,360 --> 00:26:28,660
1235
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุงุŸ ุฃูˆู„ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:28,660 --> 00:26:31,880
1239
+ nonferrous metals ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:31,880 --> 00:26:36,940
1243
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ุงู† ุนุฑูุช ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ nonferrous metalsุŸ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:38,300 --> 00:26:42,940
1247
+ metals that do not contain iron ุงู„ferrous metals
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:42,940 --> 00:26:50,020
1251
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‰ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‰ .. metals that contain iron
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:50,020 --> 00:27:00,760
1255
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ plating ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ ุงูŠุดุŸ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:00,760 --> 00:27:07,610
1259
+ ู‡ู‰ .. ู‡ู‰ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช a process toุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:07,610 --> 00:27:14,510
1263
+ a process to fight or resist corrosion ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:14,510 --> 00:27:19,530
1267
+ ุงู„ู€plating a process to resist or to fight
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:19,530 --> 00:27:24,310
1271
+ corrosion ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€plating ุฒูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:24,310 --> 00:27:31,710
1275
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุจุณ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู†ุทู„ุจ ุจูˆูŠุฉ ุจู†ุทู„ุจ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:31,710 --> 00:27:33,830
1279
+ nonferrous metals
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:45,650 --> 00:28:04,350
1283
+ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฑุฌุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู†ุดูˆู
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:04,350 --> 00:28:07,570
1287
+ ุญุฏ ูŠู‚ุฑุฃุŒ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจุฏู‡
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:30,350 --> 00:28:44,910
1291
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ูŠูˆู… ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ูŠูˆู… ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ูŠูˆู…ู…ู† ู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:44,910 --> 00:28:50,050
1295
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:50,050 --> 00:28:50,770
1299
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:50,770 --> 00:28:51,110
1303
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:51,110 --> 00:28:51,910
1307
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:51,910 --> 00:28:57,850
1311
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:57,850 --> 00:29:01,870
1315
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:29:05,550 --> 00:29:09,550
1319
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:29:09,550 --> 00:29:15,290
1323
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆู… ุฎููŠู ุจุณ ุถุนูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:29:15,290 --> 00:29:18,770
1327
+ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุนุฐูŠุจ ุงู†ุช ุนุงูŠุฒ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:29:18,770 --> 00:29:23,910
1331
+ ู…ู†ู‡ ู„ู„ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช ูˆู„ุง ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุนุฑู ุชุชุนุฑุถ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:23,910 --> 00:29:30,620
1335
+ ู„ุธุฑูˆู ุตุนุจุฉ ุฃูˆู„ุง ุถุบุท ุฌูˆุฉุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:30,620 --> 00:29:36,320
1339
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑู‚ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ..
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:36,320 --> 00:29:39,500
1343
+ ู„ุฃ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑู‚ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ crash landing ูŠู…ูƒู†
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:39,500 --> 00:29:43,880
1347
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ crash landing ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:43,880 --> 00:29:46,580
1351
+ ุธุฑูˆู ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ .. ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุด ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:46,580 --> 00:29:50,940
1355
+ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ .. ู‡ูŠ ุชุฒุญู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:50,940 --> 00:29:56,620
1359
+ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุถุนูŠู ุจุชุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:56,620 --> 00:30:02,500
1363
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸูู‡ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:30:02,500 --> 00:30:09,900
1367
+ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ very strong light weight ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:30:09,900 --> 00:30:15,190
1371
+ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุฎููŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุงyou can allow use in aircraft
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:30:15,190 --> 00:30:20,870
1375
+ manufacturing which also contain carbon 1.1% and
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:20,870 --> 00:30:26,970
1379
+ magnesium 1.5% and you can also be allowed with
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:26,970 --> 00:30:31,230
1383
+ titanium to produce natural light which you don't
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:37,990 --> 00:30:43,290
1387
+ which makes it ideal for you in electric wires
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:43,290 --> 00:30:47,870
1391
+ goes back .. back to the tree and also makes it
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:47,870 --> 00:30:52,290
1395
+ suitable for bio cover is biodegradable in alloys
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:52,290 --> 00:30:58,130
1399
+ and not in wood and clay and brass is copper and
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:58,130 --> 00:31:02,810
1403
+ zinc and bronze copper and tin and silicon and
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:31:02,810 --> 00:31:05,950
1407
+ zinc this bio is precious, precious
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:31:23,020 --> 00:31:28,100
1411
+ Okay ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุณ ุจูŠูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:28,100 --> 00:31:32,440
1415
+ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gold is also an excellent conductor
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:32,440 --> 00:31:37,720
1419
+ ุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ plating ุชู‚ุฑุงุŸ ูุถู„ุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:31:54,270 --> 00:32:03,750
1423
+ Galvanization Galvanizing Galvanize
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:03,750 --> 00:32:11,050
1427
+ By placing it in molten liquidู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:11,050 --> 00:32:16,210
1431
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:32:16,210 --> 00:32:20,190
1435
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:32:20,190 --> 00:32:36,290
1439
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:32:41,690 --> 00:32:46,890
1443
+ ุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:46,890 --> 00:32:52,210
1447
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุดูˆู ุชุฑูุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ู… ุจู‚ู‰. ููŠ ุญุฏุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุชุŸ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:32:52,210 --> 00:32:54,310
1451
+ ุทูŠุจ ุชูุถู„
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:33:06,440 --> 00:33:14,920
1455
+ ูˆุงู„ูƒุชุฑู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:33:14,920 --> 00:33:22,900
1459
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:22,900 --> 00:33:24,420
1463
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:33:39,610 --> 00:33:46,890
1467
+ deposit ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด depositุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุญุท ุฏูุนุฉ ููŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:33:46,890 --> 00:33:53,870
1471
+ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงูŠุฏุงุน ุงู„ deposit ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏุงุน
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:55,310 --> 00:33:59,350
1475
+ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:33:59,350 --> 00:34:06,790
1479
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุถุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฑูƒุฒู‡ุง ุฏูˆุจูˆุฒูŠุช ุงูŠ ุฏุงุน ูู‡ูŠ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:34:06,790 --> 00:34:12,030
1483
+ ุฏูˆุจูˆุฒูŠุช ุงู†ุช ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ which deposit zinc on the
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:34:12,030 --> 00:34:17,510
1487
+ cathode ู„ู…ุง ุฅูŠุด ุฏูˆุจูˆุฒูŠุช ุจุชุญุท ุจุชุฏุน ุงู„ุฐู†ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ..
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:34:17,510 --> 00:34:19,370
1491
+ ุงู„ cathode ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:30,580
1495
+ ุฃุด ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุชุทู„ุน
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:30,580 --> 00:34:36,610
1499
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:36,610 --> 00:34:41,010
1503
+ ูƒู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุจู†ุญุจ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุงุญุฏุด ูŠูู‡ู…
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:41,010 --> 00:34:48,590
1507
+ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู‡ุง ู
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:48,590 --> 00:34:52,590
1511
+ .. ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ coding ุจู†ุญุจ ู†ุนู…ู„ coding
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:52,590 --> 00:34:56,910
1515
+ ู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุงู†
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:34:56,910 --> 00:35:01,510
1519
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ู„ู†ุง ุดูŠ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:35:01,510 --> 00:35:07,970
1523
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุฑุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ process called
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:07,970 --> 00:35:11,670
1527
+ anodizing is used to protect aluminium component
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:11,670 --> 00:35:14,550
1531
+ to be anodized is connected to the positive
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:14,550 --> 00:35:19,250
1535
+ tetanus to become to become the anode and placed
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:19,250 --> 00:35:23,230
1539
+ in an electrolyte with a cathode as interesting
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:23,230 --> 00:35:28,590
1543
+ glass full of aluminium oxide is deposited on the
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:28,590 --> 00:35:34,860
1547
+ anode as this is harder than aluminium metalุงู„
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:34,860 --> 00:35:39,240
1551
+ protections ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:39,240 --> 00:35:45,680
1555
+ ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุญูุธูˆู‡ ุจุณุฑุนุฉุŸ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:45,680 --> 00:35:50,820
1559
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู„ุงุญุธูˆุด ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ุŸ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:35:50,820 --> 00:36:00,640
1563
+ ุทูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ..ู‡ู†ูˆุฒุนู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:05,580
1567
+ .. ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ .. ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ .. ู‡ุฐุง A
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:36:05,580 --> 00:36:11,120
1571
+ ูˆ B ููŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ A ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠูƒู… ู…ุด ูƒุงุชุจุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:36:11,120 --> 00:36:18,380
1575
+ ู‡ูŠุŸ ู…ุด ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฌุงูŠุจุฉ ุฌุงูŠุจุฉ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:18,380 --> 00:36:24,060
1579
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:24,060 --> 00:36:28,890
1583
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุงู„ answer ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุทู„ุนุช
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:28,890 --> 00:36:34,050
1587
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุธู…ู‰ ู…ุงุฎุฏูŠู† ุงู„ choice ุฏูŠุŒ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:34,050 --> 00:36:37,030
1591
+ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ุŸ the dimension measured from the line
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:37,030 --> 00:36:40,050
1595
+ down the middle of the shipุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:40,050 --> 00:36:41,330
1599
+ central line
1600
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/hX5CWpY7Tbg_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/qefHJ9wNvBE_postprocess.srt ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,280 --> 00:00:26,720
3
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,720 --> 00:00:33,100
7
+ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุฏูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:33,100 --> 00:00:36,680
11
+ ุฃุซู†ุงู† ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ุฃุซู†ุงู† ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ูˆ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:36,680 --> 00:00:44,940
15
+ ุชู„ุฑุงู†ุณ ุฃูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:44,940 --> 00:00:47,000
19
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุฑุงู†ุณ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:48,970 --> 00:00:53,310
23
+ variations accepted variation ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ู„ ..
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:53,310 --> 00:00:58,070
27
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ุจุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุชุตู†ุน ุฃูŠ ุฅุดูŠ ููŠู‡ ู„ูƒู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:58,070 --> 00:01:03,690
31
+ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุฏูŠุฑุŒ ุตุญุŸ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู†ุน plasticุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:03,690 --> 00:01:08,070
35
+ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ุฅู† ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุฏูŠุฑ ุจุฌูŠุณู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุธุจุทุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:08,070 --> 00:01:11,870
39
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ variation ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ accuracy
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:11,870 --> 00:01:17,510
43
+ ู„ู‚ุฏุงุดูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู† ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ูˆุฒู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุด
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:17,510 --> 00:01:21,810
47
+ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ exact ุจุนุทูŠูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ variation ุงู„ุขู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:21,810 --> 00:01:25,150
51
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ variation ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠ within the acceptable
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:25,150 --> 00:01:32,350
55
+ range ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ุฉูู‡ูŠ ุชุนุฏ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:32,350 --> 00:01:35,850
59
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง .. ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง in
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:35,850 --> 00:01:39,630
63
+ tolerance .. within tolerance ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุฑุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:39,630 --> 00:01:44,210
67
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ range ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง outside tolerance ุจุฑุง ุงู„ ..
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:44,210 --> 00:01:48,870
71
+ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ูุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:48,870 --> 00:01:52,770
75
+ ุงู„ tolerance ุงู„ tolerance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูit
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:52,770 --> 00:01:55,450
79
+ is impossible to produce components with
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:55,450 --> 00:02:01,230
83
+ dimensions that are absolutely precise ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:01,230 --> 00:02:09,760
87
+ ุตุนุจ ู†ุนู…ู„ ู†ู†ุชุฌ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุจุฏู‚ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงwith sizes
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:09,760 --> 00:02:15,000
91
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ mean and precise with sizes exactly the same
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:18,880
95
+ as those specified in the design ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:23,560
99
+ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:27,140
103
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ millimeter within ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ู† millimeter
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:27,140 --> 00:02:32,500
107
+ ุชุนุฑูŠูุงุช ููŠ ุชุนุฑูŠูุงุช ู‡ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:32,500 --> 00:02:36,560
111
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง tight toleranceูˆุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง loose
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:36,560 --> 00:02:40,500
115
+ tolerance ุงู„ู€ tied ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฏูŠู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:40,500 --> 00:02:47,440
119
+ tolerance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูŠู‚ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ tolerance ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุฌุฏุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:47,440 --> 00:02:52,800
123
+ ูˆููŠ tolerance ุดูˆูŠู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุจุญุจุญ ุจุญุจุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ this is
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:57,140
127
+ because all production processes are imprecise to
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:57,140 --> 00:03:02,180
131
+ a certain extent ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู…ุนุธู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:10,660
135
+ ู…ุด ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุฎุชู„ูุŒ ุญุชู‰
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:10,660 --> 00:03:14,760
139
+ ุฑุจู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฎู„ู‚ู†ุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู†ู†ุง ูˆุจูŠู† ุจุนุถุŒ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:19,480
143
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ู…ุซู„ุง twin sisterุŒ ู„ูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ุฎูˆุงุช
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:24,740
147
+ ุฃุฌู†ุชูˆู‚ุฉุŒ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุชุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:24,740 --> 00:03:30,890
151
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุฎูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูƒุชุฑุงู„ุฃู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:30,890 --> 00:03:34,210
155
+ ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู…ุŒ Therefore, the sizes of several components
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:34,210 --> 00:03:38,070
159
+ produced from the same design will vary or differ,
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:38,470 --> 00:03:41,630
163
+ although the variations may only be a few
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:41,630 --> 00:03:46,670
167
+ hundredths of a millimeter, sizes will not be one
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:46,670 --> 00:03:50,750
171
+ hundred percent accurate or exact compared with
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:50,750 --> 00:03:55,360
175
+ the designูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠ ุงุชู„ุงุญุธ ุจุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงุญูŠุงู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:55,360 --> 00:04:00,560
179
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุฌุฏุงุด ุงุฌุฒุงุก ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ millimeter ุจุณ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:04,700
183
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุธู„ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุด ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ design
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:04,700 --> 00:04:09,220
187
+ ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ because engineers know the
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:09,220 --> 00:04:13,580
191
+ accuracy cannot be perfect ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุจุนุฑููˆุง ุงู†
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:13,580 --> 00:04:18,660
195
+ ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ู…ุด ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:18,660 --> 00:04:24,020
199
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:24,020 --> 00:04:27,480
203
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:32,460
207
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:32,460 --> 00:04:33,060
211
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:33,060 --> 00:04:37,140
215
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:37,140 --> 00:04:38,080
219
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:38,080 --> 00:04:38,100
223
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:38,100 --> 00:04:41,280
227
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:41,280 --> 00:04:46,700
231
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:47,550 --> 00:04:52,450
235
+ ุญุฌู… ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:52,450 --> 00:04:56,870
239
+ ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู€ resistors ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู€
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:56,870 --> 00:05:00,090
243
+ resistor ููŠู‡ุง tolerance ุนุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ typical ุงู„ู„ูŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:00,090 --> 00:05:03,090
247
+ ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 10%
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:03,090 --> 00:05:07,390
251
+ tolerance ู„ู…ุง ุฃุดุชุฑูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ุง one
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:07,390 --> 00:05:13,610
255
+ kilo ohmู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง 900 Ohm ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง 1100
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:13,610 --> 00:05:17,770
259
+ Ohm ุงู„ู€ 1100 Ohm ูˆ ุงู„ู€ 900 ู‡ุฏูˆู„ acceptable ุงู„ู€ L
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:17,770 --> 00:05:21,810
263
+ ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญูŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ military specification ุงู„
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:21,810 --> 00:05:24,890
267
+ military specification ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด 2% range
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:24,890 --> 00:05:32,530
271
+ ูุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ 1000 ูŠู†ุฒู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด 20ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุชุณุนู…ูŠุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:32,530 --> 00:05:37,870
275
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุชุณุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:37,870 --> 00:05:41,850
279
+ ุงู„ tolerance ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุบุงู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠุด ุฃู†ุง
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:41,850 --> 00:05:45,910
283
+ ุนู…ู„ุช tie toleranceุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ tolerance ุนู†ุฏูŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:45,910 --> 00:05:50,950
287
+ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ ุจุญุจุฉุŒ ุญุฏูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:50,950 --> 00:05:54,290
291
+ Instead of giving one precise size, sellers
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:54,290 --> 00:05:58,510
295
+ specified a range of acceptable sizes or an
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:58,510 --> 00:06:01,610
299
+ allowed amount of variation. This is often given
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:01,610 --> 00:06:06,110
303
+ as a deviation or differences from a precise size
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:06,110 --> 00:06:10,510
307
+ ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ deviation ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:10,510 --> 00:06:17,010
311
+ difference Deviate from ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:19,960 --> 00:06:28,080
315
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุดูุช ุจู…ุนุฏู„ 88 ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ ุงู†ุชุธุฑ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:37,940
319
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูุช ุฏุฑุน ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุดูุช 88
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:37,940 --> 00:06:49,650
323
+ ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ ุจู„ุงุณ ุงูˆ ู…ุงูŠู†ุงุณ.05 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ 88 ุงู„ point
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:49,650 --> 00:06:55,910
327
+ eight eight millimeter ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ู‚ุฏุงุดุฑุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุณูุฑ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:55,910 --> 00:07:00,990
331
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ู‚ุตุงู† ุณูุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ plus or minus that
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:00,990 --> 00:07:08,450
335
+ therefore the diameters of 87.95 millimeter and 88
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:08,450 --> 00:07:14,070
339
+ .05 millimeter which are slightly inaccurate are
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:14,070 --> 00:07:18,230
343
+ still permissible ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด permissible allowed ุงูˆ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:18,230 --> 00:07:24,160
347
+ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„acceptable ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ permissible ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‡ูŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:24,160 --> 00:07:28,500
351
+ ุงูŠุด ุทุงู„ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ range ู‡ุฏูˆุก ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูู‡ูˆ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:28,500 --> 00:07:32,020
355
+ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุจุฑุง ุงู„ range ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:32,020 --> 00:07:39,140
359
+ ู…ุซู„ุง 88.06 ุงูˆ ุตุงุฑุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ 87.94 ุตุงุฑุช out of the
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:39,140 --> 00:07:44,060
363
+ range ูุตุงุฑุช ุงูŠุด ู…ุด ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ู†ุง permissible as they are
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:44,060 --> 00:07:49,390
367
+ within tolerance ุทู„ุน ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงุดwithin tolerance
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:49,390 --> 00:07:56,450
371
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ tolerance ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ acceptable tolerance
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:57,850 --> 00:08:07,170
375
+ However, the diameters of 87.94 mm or 88.06 mm are
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:07,170 --> 00:08:08,450
379
+ not permissible
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:29,590 --> 00:08:33,150
383
+ when the permissible deviations in size is very
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:33,150 --> 00:08:37,270
387
+ small we say it is a tight tolerance ุดุงูŠูุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:37,270 --> 00:08:42,350
391
+ tight toleranceุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู„ุจุณุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ุฌุงูƒูŠุช ุฃูˆ ุงุดูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:42,350 --> 00:08:45,890
395
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠุฌุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช within
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:45,890 --> 00:08:50,790
399
+ toleranceุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุจุชู„ุชุจุณ ุฏูŠุฌุฉ ูˆููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:50,790 --> 00:08:54,610
403
+ ุจุชู„ุชุจุณ ูˆุงุณุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ tight tolerance ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:54,610 --> 00:08:59,130
407
+ ุจุชุญุณูŠู‡ ูŠุฏู‚ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูŠุดุŸ tight
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:59,130 --> 00:09:04,450
411
+ toleranceor closed tolerance ู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:04,450 --> 00:09:08,690
415
+ tight tolerance ูˆ closed tolerance ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ a
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:08,690 --> 00:09:12,050
419
+ large permissible deviation is a loose tolerance
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:12,050 --> 00:09:15,670
423
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆุณ ุงู„ุงุด ุงู„ูˆุงุณุน ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู†ุช ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:15,670 --> 00:09:21,520
427
+ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ุจุณ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ุฉู…ุธุจูˆุท ููŠ size ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุชูŠู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:21,520 --> 00:09:26,500
431
+ ุจุฑูƒุจุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง way too much ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง too
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:26,500 --> 00:09:30,940
435
+ much play ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู„ุนุจ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:30,940 --> 00:09:34,500
439
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจุฉ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:35,200 --> 00:09:39,800
443
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฏู‚ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฌูŠุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ range ููŠู‡ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:39,800 --> 00:09:44,700
447
+ ููŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ error
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:44,700 --> 00:09:47,540
451
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ุถูŠู‚ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช ุงู„ ุงู„ military
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:47,540 --> 00:09:50,220
455
+ specification ููŠ ุงู„ registers ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ percentage
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:50,220 --> 00:09:56,720
459
+ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง 2%ูƒูˆูŠุณ 2% type tolerance ู…ุด ู…ูŠุนุทูŠ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:56,720 --> 00:10:02,120
463
+ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุฃู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ 10% ูˆ 20% ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:02,120 --> 00:10:05,280
467
+ commercial ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ tolerance loose tolerance ู…ุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:05,280 --> 00:10:08,880
471
+ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ loose tolerance
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:14,120
475
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ุฃุฑุฎุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ tight tolerance ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:14,120 --> 00:10:18,040
479
+ ู‡ู†ุง machining a metal components ู„ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุงุด
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:18,040 --> 00:10:23,100
483
+ ุชุณุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ metal components ุงู„ metal components to a
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:23,100 --> 00:10:26,860
487
+ tolerance of plus or minus point one millimeter is
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:26,860 --> 00:10:30,440
491
+ relatively easy to doูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุจุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:33,720
495
+ ุงุดูŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฏู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ range ุชุจุน ุงู„ error
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:38,100
499
+ point one millimeter ุงู„ point one millimeter ู†ูˆุนุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:38,100 --> 00:10:42,830
503
+ ู…ุง ุณู‡ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ machines ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู‚ู‚ู‡it's easy to do so
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:42,830 --> 00:10:47,030
507
+ it is a lost tolerance but a tolerance of just
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:47,030 --> 00:10:50,530
511
+ plus or minus point oh one ุดูˆู ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ point oh
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:50,530 --> 00:10:54,930
515
+ one ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ kilo ู‚ู„ุช ุจุฏูŠ ุงุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:54,930 --> 00:10:58,710
519
+ gram ู…ุน ุงู„ range gram ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุฌู‡ุฒู‡ุง
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:58,710 --> 00:11:02,550
523
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠู† ุงู„ digital ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช point oh one gram
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:02,550 --> 00:11:07,050
527
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ kiloููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุงุด ุตุนุจุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:07,050 --> 00:11:12,290
531
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจูˆู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุฃุฏู‚ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูู‡ุฐุง
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:12,290 --> 00:11:15,350
535
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ point one
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:15,350 --> 00:11:20,050
539
+ millimeter is a tight tolerance in metal working
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:20,050 --> 00:11:25,050
543
+ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ cement a concrete structure ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:25,050 --> 00:11:31,080
547
+ ุงู†ุง ู„ุตุจุท ุจุทูˆู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชูƒูˆ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุงููŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:31,080 --> 00:11:33,960
551
+ ุงู„ุดุชูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ุฃุฎุฑ ูƒู… ู…ู† ูŠูˆู… ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒูˆุง ุทู„ุน
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:33,960 --> 00:11:39,820
555
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู…ูŠู‡ ุจุชุจุฑู‚ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:39,820 --> 00:11:43,680
559
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุทุงู„ุน ุญุฏ ุจู†ูุณุฑู‡ plus or minus ten millimeters
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:43,680 --> 00:11:49,000
563
+ is a loose tolerance ู„ูˆ ุฅู†ุช ุฌูŠุช ุทู„ุนุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุทูŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:50,060 --> 00:11:53,660
567
+ ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุง ุงู†ูƒ ุงุชุญู‚ู‚ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ุจุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:53,660 --> 00:11:58,000
571
+ ุณุงู†ุชูŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุชุจุนู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุด
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:02,720
575
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ุณู‡ู„ but plus or minus one millimeter is
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:02,720 --> 00:12:06,320
579
+ tight ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญู‚ู‚ ุจุณ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:06,320 --> 00:12:10,140
583
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠุด ูˆู„ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ูŠุฉ one centimeter ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:10,140 --> 00:12:13,910
587
+ ุฃุตุนุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸbecause it's difficult to place with
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:13,910 --> 00:12:18,050
591
+ concrete accurately ู„ุฃู† ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชูุฑุฏ ุงู„
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:18,050 --> 00:12:23,710
595
+ concrete ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุณุงุฆู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:23,710 --> 00:12:28,630
599
+ ุตุนุจุฉ ุชุชุญูƒู…ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:28,630 --> 00:12:32,110
603
+ ู‡ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:32,110 --> 00:12:36,750
607
+ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ุฉ ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุตู†ุนุฉ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠู‡
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:36,750 --> 00:12:43,040
611
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฑุงูุนุงุช ูˆุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุธุจุทุดู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู€
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:47,100
615
+ Tight Tolerance ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎุงู ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุชู‚ุน
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:47,100 --> 00:12:52,020
619
+ ุชุชู†ุฒู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุทุจุงุช ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:52,020 --> 00:12:56,180
623
+ ุงู„ู€ Tolerance ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ Very Tight Tolerance
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:56,180 --> 00:13:00,160
627
+ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููู‡ู…ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:06,440
631
+ ุงู„ู€ Loose Tolerance ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:06,440 --> 00:13:09,020
635
+ Tight Tolerance ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:16,350 --> 00:13:19,990
639
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ fit ุงู†ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:19,990 --> 00:13:24,450
643
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑูƒุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:24,450 --> 00:13:29,510
647
+ ุงุฏุฎู„ ุจุฑุบูŠ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ู…ุด ุถุงุจุทุฉ ุงูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฒุฑ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุฏุฎู„ู‡
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:29,510 --> 00:13:33,770
651
+ ููŠ ุดูŠ ู…ุด ุถุงุจุท ุงูˆ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุงูˆ ุงู„ pin ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:33,770 --> 00:13:37,850
655
+ ููŠ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุจู†ู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ when one component go
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:37,850 --> 00:13:43,030
659
+ through another ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ุงุฏุฎู„ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ุฃูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:43,030 --> 00:13:48,130
663
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุญุตู„ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ Such as a shaft or a bolt
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:48,130 --> 00:13:51,150
667
+ going through a holeุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ boltุŸ shaft ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:51,150 --> 00:13:56,410
671
+ ุถุฑุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุณู…ุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:56,410 --> 00:13:59,630
675
+ ุงู„ bolt ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ ููŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:59,630 --> 00:14:02,550
679
+ screw ูˆููŠ ุงู„ boltุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŸ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:08,470 --> 00:14:11,450
683
+ ุงู„ part ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุซู†ู†ุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:11,450 --> 00:14:17,310
687
+ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง part ูˆููŠ mechanical ู‡ู†ุฌูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒุชูŠุฑ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:17,310 --> 00:14:20,490
691
+ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฏ ูˆุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฏ ูˆุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ mechanical
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:20,490 --> 00:14:23,670
695
+ ู ุงู„ part ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุจุฏู‡ุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:23,670 --> 00:14:27,670
699
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฅูŠุด ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุฅูŠุด
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:27,670 --> 00:14:32,350
703
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑู„ุฃ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ุด ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:32,350 --> 00:14:36,010
707
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ screw ุงู„ู„ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:36,010 --> 00:14:41,050
711
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ู„ู„ุฎุดุจ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุณูƒูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:41,050 --> 00:14:44,290
715
+ going through a hole the two must fit together
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:44,290 --> 00:14:48,150
719
+ their sizes and shape must match ูŠุนู†ูŠ fit together
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:48,150 --> 00:14:53,710
723
+ or .. fit together ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:53,710 --> 00:15:00,020
727
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸthe key question is how tightly or loosely
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:00,020 --> 00:15:04,480
731
+ should they fit togetherุŸ tightly ุดูˆูุช ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฌุฏุงุด
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:10,740
735
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ loose ุฌุฏุงุด ููŠ ูˆุณุน ูˆ ุฌุฏุงุด ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงูƒุจ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:10,740 --> 00:15:16,540
739
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุจุฅุญูƒุงู… tight ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฅุญูƒุงู… ูˆ loose
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:16,540 --> 00:15:22,380
743
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุณุน ุฃูˆ ุฑุฎูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฎุงูˆุฉ ุงู„ loose ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุญูƒุงู…
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:22,380 --> 00:15:28,850
747
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ tightshould they fit together there
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:28,850 --> 00:15:32,330
751
+ are two main types of fit ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† a
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:32,330 --> 00:15:36,450
755
+ clearance fit ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:36,450 --> 00:15:40,170
759
+ slide ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุงู„ clearance fit ุงูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ allows a
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:40,170 --> 00:15:43,790
763
+ component to slide or turn freely by leaving
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:43,790 --> 00:15:47,110
767
+ clearance or a gap between itself and the side of
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:47,110 --> 00:15:52,850
771
+ the wall ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุจุณู„ุงุณุฉ ูˆููŠ ูˆุณุน ููŠู‡ุงู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:52,850 --> 00:15:56,190
775
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡? clearance. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ clearanceุŸ ุฃู†ุช
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:56,190 --> 00:16:01,670
779
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุฏุฎู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:01,670 --> 00:16:06,550
783
+ ุจุฑุงุจูŠุญุทูŠู† ุงุฑุชูุนุชู‡ ููŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฌุณูˆุฑ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:06,550 --> 00:16:10,350
787
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ clearance ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุชุจุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:10,350 --> 00:16:14,610
791
+ ุจุชู…ุฑูƒ ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ูู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑูƒ ุชุญุชู‡ุงุŒ ู†ูุณ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:14,610 --> 00:16:18,810
795
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู„ู„ peopleุŒ ูุงู„ clearance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฃุทูˆู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:18,810 --> 00:16:22,790
799
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ warning ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุฌูŠุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุชุถุฑุจ ููŠ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:22,790 --> 00:16:27,030
803
+ ู‡ุฏู‡ุงุŒ ูุฌุณูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:27,030 --> 00:16:32,960
807
+ ู‡ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉูƒุงู† ุฌุณุฑ ุงูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ .. ูู…ุด
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:32,960 --> 00:16:38,620
811
+ .. ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุฌุณุฑ ู‡ุฐุง .. ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:38,620 --> 00:16:43,730
815
+ ู…ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุบุงุฒูŠูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฌุณุฑ ุน ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู† ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:43,730 --> 00:16:47,130
819
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุตู„ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:47,130 --> 00:16:51,330
823
+ ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู…ุฑู‚ ู…ู† ุชุญุชู‡ ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:51,330 --> 00:16:56,050
827
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุนุณุงุณ ุงูŠ ุญุฏ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ warning ุงู†
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:56,050 --> 00:17:01,270
831
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ู…ุฑู‚ุช ูˆุถุฑุจุช ุงู†ุช ุถุฑุจุช ู„ุงู†ูƒ ู…ุงู‚ุฑูŠุชุด ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:01,270 --> 00:17:05,090
835
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ clearance ูุงู„ clearance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:05,090 --> 00:17:10,100
839
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠูุงู„ clearance ุงูˆ ุงู„ gap ุงู„ gap ุงูŠุด
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:10,100 --> 00:17:14,540
843
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูˆุณุนู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง between itself and the sides
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:14,540 --> 00:17:18,520
847
+ of the hole ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‚ุฏูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ this distance must be
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:23,240
851
+ quite precise ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ if
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:23,240 --> 00:17:27,380
855
+ there is insufficient clearance ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุงูŠุด
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:27,380 --> 00:17:31,930
859
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ู…ุด ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡if the gap is too small the
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:31,930 --> 00:17:35,070
863
+ components will fit too tightly ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:35,070 --> 00:17:41,030
867
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุชุจุบูŠ ุงูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุจุญุจุญุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงุฌุช ูˆ .. ูˆ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:41,030 --> 00:17:46,170
871
+ ุงุฌุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุญุฒุฌุฉ if the gap is too
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:46,170 --> 00:17:49,710
875
+ small the component will fit too tightly as a
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:49,710 --> 00:17:53,230
879
+ result the component will bend ุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:53,230 --> 00:17:56,890
883
+ tight gap ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู„ูƒู…ุจูˆู†ุณ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชู†ุชู†ูŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:56,890 --> 00:18:02,740
887
+ bendู„ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุฎุตูˆุต ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:02,740 --> 00:18:08,440
891
+ ุงู†ุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุตุงุฑู„ู‡ ุชุฌูˆูŠุณ ู„ุงู† ุงู†ุช ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุชูุฑุถูŠู‡
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:14,620
895
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุด ุชุณุงู‡ูˆุด okay as a result the component
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:14,620 --> 00:18:20,720
899
+ will not be able to slide or turn freely ุงู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:20,720 --> 00:18:24,200
903
+ ุจุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุงุด ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:30,260
907
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุงูŠุงู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุจุญ ุจุญ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุจุฏูˆู†
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:30,260 --> 00:18:34,960
911
+ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช tight ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:39,660
915
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ bend ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ bend ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ it will
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:39,660 --> 00:18:44,400
919
+ breakin other words there will not be enough play
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:50,280
923
+ ุดุงูŠูุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ play ู…ุด ู‡ุชู„ุนุจ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุนุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุชู‰
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:50,280 --> 00:18:53,780
927
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ู„ุนุจ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:53,780 --> 00:18:57,960
931
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ however if there is too much
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:01,340
935
+ clearance there will be too much play ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฑุฎูˆุฉ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:01,340 --> 00:19:04,600
939
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ too much play ุฑุฎูˆุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจู„ุนุจ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:08,160
943
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุญุชู‰
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:11,570
947
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชูƒู… ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุงุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒู…ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:11,570 --> 00:19:13,830
951
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจุงุจ ุจุญุฒู‚ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:13,830 --> 00:19:18,670
955
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูุชุญ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆ ุจุฎู„ู‚ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจุชุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:18,670 --> 00:19:22,510
959
+ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง and the component will be able to move
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:22,510 --> 00:19:27,130
963
+ too much ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุณุจุจ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:27,130 --> 00:19:32,790
967
+ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญุตู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:32,790 --> 00:19:37,770
971
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ clearance fit ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:37,770 --> 00:19:43,640
975
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ interface fitinterference fit ุงู„
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:43,640 --> 00:19:46,980
979
+ interference fit ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ clearance fit ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:46,980 --> 00:19:52,560
983
+ interference fit ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ tight fit it is
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:52,560 --> 00:19:56,300
987
+ very tight fit which does not allow a component to
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:56,300 --> 00:20:01,000
991
+ move freely inside a hole ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:05,240
995
+ ุจุชุญุฑูƒุด ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ุงุชู…ุตู…ุฑ ุณุงู…ุนูŠู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุชู…ุตู…ุฑ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:10,820
999
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸู…ู„ุฒู‚ุฉ ุชู„ุฒูŠุฌ ููŠุด ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชูุฑุท
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:10,820 --> 00:20:14,580
1003
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ูƒูŠู ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุงู„ุชู… this type of thing can be
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:14,580 --> 00:20:17,180
1007
+ achieved by forcing the components into the whole
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:17,180 --> 00:20:23,780
1011
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ force it
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:25,650 --> 00:20:29,310
1015
+ ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ูู„
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:29,310 --> 00:20:30,870
1019
+ ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุชูˆุณุน
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:46,860 --> 00:20:50,420
1023
+ after a sufficient expansion, the component is
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:50,420 --> 00:20:53,320
1027
+ placed in the hole, the metal then cools and
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:53,320 --> 00:20:57,560
1031
+ contracts ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฑุฏ ูˆุจู‚ุงุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุชู†ูƒู…ุด
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:57,560 --> 00:21:01,240
1035
+ contract decrease in the size due to cooling, the
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:04,460
1039
+ contraction results in a tight fit, an example of
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:04,460 --> 00:21:09,180
1043
+ interference fit is a train wheel fitted on the
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:09,180 --> 00:21:15,300
1047
+ axle ุทู„ุน ุงู†ุช ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:15,300 --> 00:21:20,450
1051
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุดุŸุน ุณูƒุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฑุฎุงูˆุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:20,450 --> 00:21:26,670
1055
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุณูƒุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ุชุธุงู…ุŒ ููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุทุงุจุงุชุŒ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:26,670 --> 00:21:32,510
1059
+ ููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูƒูŠูุŸ ููŠ ู…ุทุงุจุงุช
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:32,510 --> 00:21:37,550
1063
+ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ..ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:37,550 --> 00:21:41,510
1067
+ suspension wheels ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ suspension ุนู„ู‰
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:41,510 --> 00:21:45,370
1071
+ ุงู„ wheel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ snippers ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:45,370 --> 00:21:49,630
1075
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ ..
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:21:49,630 --> 00:21:55,090
1079
+ ุงู„ุฒู†ุจุฑูƒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ู…ุทุจุงุช ุนุดุงู† ูŠุทู„ุน ูˆูŠู†ุฒู„ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠุด
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:21:55,090 --> 00:22:00,310
1083
+ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ู…ู„ุฒู‚ ุชู„ุฒูŠุฌุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฑุฎุงูˆุฉุŒ ุจุชุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุญุณุจ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:00,310 --> 00:22:07,370
1087
+ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจ ู‡ุฐูŠุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุณูƒุฉ ุชุงุจุชุฉุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ุณูƒุฉ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:07,370 --> 00:22:12,330
1091
+ ุจุชุทู„ุนุด ูˆู„ุง ุจุชู†ุฒู„ุŒ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:12,330 --> 00:22:17,610
1095
+ ุชุงุจุช ุจุงู„ุธุจุทุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุจุชุญุฑูƒุดุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุนุทูˆู‡ ูุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:17,610 --> 00:22:21,590
1099
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุนุงู‡ interferenceุŒ ูุชู„ุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:21,590 --> 00:22:25,930
1103
+ ูŠุฏุฎู„ู‡ุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:25,930 --> 00:22:29,450
1107
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ interference
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:29,450 --> 00:22:34,130
1111
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ clearance
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:34,130 --> 00:22:39,310
1115
+ fit ูุงุญู†ุง ุฃู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠุด ุนู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ fit ุงู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:39,310 --> 00:22:44,510
1119
+ interference fit ูˆ ุงู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ clearance fit
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:44,510 --> 00:22:49,070
1123
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุงู„ุงู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ exercises
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:49,070 --> 00:22:52,970
1127
+ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู‡ู†ุง find words and expressions with
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:52,970 --> 00:22:55,670
1131
+ similar meanings to the words and expressions
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:55,670 --> 00:22:59,730
1135
+ below sometimes there is more than one possible
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:22:59,730 --> 00:23:06,730
1139
+ answer ุงู„ุงู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ exact accurate
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:06,730 --> 00:23:18,880
1143
+ ุงูˆ precise ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุตุญุŸdiffer vary okay
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:18,880 --> 00:23:24,560
1147
+ exactness ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:24,560 --> 00:23:29,780
1151
+ ุจุณ ุงุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุง now ุงู„
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:29,780 --> 00:23:37,200
1155
+ exactness ุงูŠุด precision ุงูˆ accuracy precision or
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:47,160
1159
+ accuracy not exact and precise orinaccurate or
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:54,120
1163
+ loose deviation between maximum and minimum ุงู„ุงู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:23:54,120 --> 00:23:57,360
1167
+ range ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ deviation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ deviation
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:23:57,360 --> 00:24:02,420
1171
+ ุงู„ differences okay ูู‡ูŠ deviation between ุงู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:02,420 --> 00:24:05,380
1175
+ maximum ูˆ ุงู„ minimum ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ range
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:05,380 --> 00:24:10,500
1179
+ unacceptable deviation within
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:13,320 --> 00:24:18,940
1183
+ tolerance ู…ุธุจูˆุท within tolerance unacceptable
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:18,940 --> 00:24:24,900
1187
+ deviation outside tolerance little deviations
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:24,900 --> 00:24:33,080
1191
+ allowed tight ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† large deviations allowed
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:33,080 --> 00:24:40,020
1195
+ loose ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทูŠุจ match the related
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:40,020 --> 00:24:46,410
1199
+ sentencesit bends ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ bendุŸ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:46,410 --> 00:24:50,870
1203
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฌูˆุง ูˆู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง fit ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:24:50,870 --> 00:24:55,250
1207
+ ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ part won't be able to turn
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:24:55,250 --> 00:25:00,760
1211
+ freely enough in the hole so it will bendู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:04,560
1215
+ ู„ู‡ุฐุง .. ุนู„ุดุงู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:10,080
1219
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุญุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:10,080 --> 00:25:12,680
1223
+ .. ุงู„ hole ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:12,680 --> 00:25:18,460
1227
+ ุจู†ุชุนุฌ It will contract .. ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ..
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:18,460 --> 00:25:25,740
1231
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ contractุŸ ุชู†ูƒู…ุด .. ู…ุชู†ูƒู…ุด ู„ูŠุดุŸู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฑุฏ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:25,740 --> 00:25:30,540
1235
+ ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุธุจุท the hole will be widened ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:30,540 --> 00:25:36,860
1239
+ ุฏูˆูŠู„ will be fit ู‡ุงู† ูˆู„ุง .. the shaft will shorten
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:36,860 --> 00:25:42,620
1243
+ and narrow slightly as it cools it cools ู it will
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:42,620 --> 00:25:46,460
1247
+ expand ุงู„ expand ุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆูŠู†
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:46,460 --> 00:25:53,420
1251
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŸู‡ูŠ high temperature widen with the high
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:53,420 --> 00:25:58,340
1255
+ temperature ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง will expand there will be too
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:25:58,340 --> 00:26:04,120
1259
+ much play too much play ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† .. ููŠ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:04,120 --> 00:26:10,000
1263
+ ุฑุฎูˆุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู…
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:14,520
1267
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŸsee the whole one fit tightly enough
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:19,860
1271
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ tightly enough ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ูˆุณุน ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:19,860 --> 00:26:24,280
1275
+ tightly enough ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏูƒูˆุง ุชููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:29,780
1279
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ ูˆุณุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:29,780 --> 00:26:35,380
1283
+ ู…ุด ุญุฒู‚ ุจุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠุฉ ูู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูˆุณุน it needs a
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:35,380 --> 00:26:38,820
1287
+ clearance fit ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:43,290 --> 00:26:50,210
1291
+ the bolt will have to turn in the hole ุงูŠ ุทูŠุจ it
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:50,210 --> 00:26:55,150
1295
+ needs an interference fit ุฏูŠ the wheel will have
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:55,150 --> 00:27:00,970
1299
+ to fit very tightly on the axle ูุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:00,970 --> 00:27:05,390
1303
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:05,390 --> 00:27:08,470
1307
+ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู†ุง ู‡ูˆู‚ู
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:12,860 --> 00:27:17,860
1311
+ ุทูŠุจ complete the article about engine blue
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:17,860 --> 00:27:21,740
1315
+ printing using the words in the box ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ blue
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:21,740 --> 00:27:26,000
1319
+ printing blue
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:33,200
1323
+ printing ู‡ูˆ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:36,880
1327
+ ุงู„ุขู† complete the article about engine ุงูŠุด engine
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:41,320
1331
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุฑูƒ blue printing using the words in the box
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:42,490 --> 00:27:47,790
1335
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:47,790 --> 00:27:51,630
1339
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตุจุงู‚ุงุช ุงูŠุดุŒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:51,630 --> 00:27:56,530
1343
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ motor ุชุจุน
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:56,530 --> 00:28:01,050
1347
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุจู†ูุนุด ุญุฏ ูŠุฌูŠุจ motor ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู†
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:01,050 --> 00:28:05,400
1351
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆ ูŠุฌูŠ ุณุงุจู‚ ููŠู‡ู„ุงุฒู… .. ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:09,440
1355
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ advantage ูุฅูŠุด ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ุฅู† ูƒู„ู‡ู…
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:09,440 --> 00:28:13,420
1359
+ ูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:13,420 --> 00:28:18,080
1363
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุฑูˆุญุช ูˆุตู†ุนุช ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:22,580
1367
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง variance ุฃูˆ tolerance accepted tolerance ุงู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:22,580 --> 00:28:25,260
1371
+ accepted tolerance ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนู…ู„ matching
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:25,260 --> 00:28:29,790
1375
+ ู„ู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุชู‡ุชุฃุฎุฏ ู†ูุณุงู„ู€ Tolerance
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:29,790 --> 00:28:33,470
1379
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‰
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:33,470 --> 00:28:38,930
1383
+ ุงุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ matching ูู‡ุฐุง acceptable
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:38,930 --> 00:28:42,810
1387
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ blue printing ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ variation
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:42,810 --> 00:28:46,570
1391
+ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† within ุงู„ variation ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ within the
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:46,570 --> 00:28:50,890
1395
+ tolerance ุจุณ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุงุฎุฏ advantage ุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:50,890 --> 00:28:53,830
1399
+ advantage ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ blue printing ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู†ุง
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:54,270 --> 00:28:57,930
1403
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ matching ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง matching
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:57,930 --> 00:29:03,310
1407
+ to the best of my design ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุงุฎุฏ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:03,310 --> 00:29:08,550
1411
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฒูˆุฌ ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู†
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:08,550 --> 00:29:13,310
1415
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ competition ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:13,310 --> 00:29:16,670
1419
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุงูุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ if you if you haven't tried
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:16,670 --> 00:29:20,630
1423
+ to cheat you're not doing enoughูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช .. ุงู†ุช
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:20,630 --> 00:29:24,950
1427
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฑุจุญุŒ ุชูƒุณุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุจุงู‚ุงุชุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ุญูุฉ ..
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:24,950 --> 00:29:29,570
1431
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญูุฉ ุงู„ุบุด .. ุญูุฉ ุงู„ุบุด ุงู„ุงุด ..
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:29,570 --> 00:29:33,270
1435
+ ุงู†ุช ูƒุชูˆุตู„ .. ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฒูˆุฌ ู„ุขุฎุฑ ู†ูุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:33,270 --> 00:29:37,110
1439
+ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ .. ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุงู†ุช ู…ุงุฏุฎู„ุชุด ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุด ..
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:37,110 --> 00:29:44,060
1443
+ ุงู„ุบุดุŒ ุจุณ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชู…ุงุช ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:44,060 --> 00:29:46,220
1447
+ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ America sport ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง if you
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:46,220 --> 00:29:49,160
1451
+ haven't tried to cheat if you haven't tried to
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:49,160 --> 00:29:54,150
1455
+ cheat you're not trying enoughุงู†ูƒ to win ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‡ูˆ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:54,150 --> 00:30:00,150
1459
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ grey area ุงู„
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:00,150 --> 00:30:04,330
1463
+ grey area ุงู†ุช ู„ุณุงุชู‡ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ู…ุด ู…ุงุฏุฎู„ุชุดู‡ ุงู„ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุจุณ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:04,330 --> 00:30:09,050
1467
+ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจุญุณุจูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุน ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:09,050 --> 00:30:14,170
1471
+ ูˆุงู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุฐุงูƒ fixed ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:14,170 --> 00:30:18,530
1475
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน 75 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ 75 ู…ูŠู„ ุจุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:18,530 --> 00:30:24,280
1479
+ ุชุณุนูŠู† .. ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูƒูŠู„ูˆุงู„ู€ 120 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ู‡ุงุช .. ุฅุฐุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:24,280 --> 00:30:27,180
1483
+ ุฃู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฏูƒ ุชู…ุดูŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:27,180 --> 00:30:32,180
1487
+ ุณุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู„ู ู…ูŠู„ุŒ ุตุนุจ ุชุธู„ูƒ ู…ุญุงูุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:32,180 --> 00:30:37,740
1491
+ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุดูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŒ ู†ุธุงู…ูŠุŒ ูุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุจูŠูˆู‚ูุด
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:37,740 --> 00:30:42,440
1495
+ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ูˆ ุฃู†ุช within five milesุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ .. ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:46,400
1499
+ ู…ูŠู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู†
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:46,400 --> 00:30:51,430
1503
+ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ุจุชูˆู‚ูุด ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ุดุฑุทุฉ ุจุชุถู„ูƒ ู…ุงุดูŠ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:30:51,430 --> 00:30:55,550
1507
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ู…ุด ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ุงู„ุณุจุนูŠู†
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:30:55,550 --> 00:30:59,510
1511
+ ุจุชู…ุณูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจูˆู‚ู ูุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:30:59,510 --> 00:31:04,130
1515
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชู…ุดูŠ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ุดุฑุทุฉ ุฒูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:04,130 --> 00:31:08,210
1519
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูู‡ูˆ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:08,210 --> 00:31:11,650
1523
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงุช
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:11,650 --> 00:31:17,490
1527
+ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุงุŸุงุณุชุนูŠุฏ ..
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:17,490 --> 00:31:22,850
1531
+ ุงุณุชุนูŠุฏ ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ุงูˆ ู„ู„ .. ุงู‡ .. ุงู„ุขู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:22,850 --> 00:31:27,090
1535
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุนู„ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุดุทุงูุฑุฉ ุชุธู„ ู…ุนุฏูŠุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุฐุง
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:27,090 --> 00:31:30,290
1539
+ trying .. ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ุด .. ู…ุงููŠุด ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู…ุงุช ..
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:30,290 --> 00:31:33,850
1543
+ ู…ุงุชุนุฏูŠุดุŒ ุจุณ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุชุณูˆูˆุงุŒ ุงู†ุชูˆุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:31:33,850 --> 00:31:38,190
1547
+ ุจุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุชูƒู…ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูˆุงุŸ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒู… ู…ุงุชุนู…ู„ูˆุดุŒ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:31:38,190 --> 00:31:42,510
1551
+ ู…ุงุชุทู„ุนูˆุด ุนู„ูŠ ุฌุงููƒู…ุŒ ู…ุงุชุนู…ู„ูˆุดุŒ ูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุฒู…ุŸ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:31:45,910 --> 00:31:50,970
1555
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุทุงู„ู…ุง
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:31:50,970 --> 00:31:54,510
1559
+ ุงู†ุช ู…ุงุนู…ู„ุชูŠุด ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:31:54,510 --> 00:31:59,810
1563
+ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠู„ูƒ ู…ุญุถุฑุบุด ู…ุญุถุฑุบุด ูˆู‚ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:31:59,810 --> 00:32:04,810
1567
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุบู„ุจ ุจู†ุฌุงูˆู…ูƒู… ู…ู†
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:04,810 --> 00:32:09,570
1571
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ูˆุตู„ ู„ู…ุญุถุฑุบุด ุทูŠุจ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:32:09,570 --> 00:32:14,680
1575
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠู blue printing for performance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:32:14,680 --> 00:32:20,240
1579
+ ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุงู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุธุงู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:24,800
1583
+ the advantage of racing in a kart class with ..
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:32:25,960 --> 00:32:30,560
1587
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุณ the advantage of racing
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:32:30,560 --> 00:32:34,300
1591
+ in a kart class with standard engine specs seems
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:32:34,300 --> 00:32:38,840
1595
+ obvious ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุณุจุงู‚ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:32:38,840 --> 00:32:45,020
1599
+ ูุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุณุจ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:32:45,020 --> 00:32:49,800
1603
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุทุงุน ู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุถุญeveryone has the same
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:32:49,800 --> 00:32:53,100
1607
+ power so it's driving talent that makes the
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:32:53,100 --> 00:32:58,180
1611
+ difference ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ูุณ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ mature ูู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:32:58,180 --> 00:33:05,620
1615
+ ุงู„ุณูˆุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุญุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุงุฆุฒ but things are not
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:33:05,620 --> 00:33:09,580
1619
+ .. aren't quite that simple ุจุณ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุด ุจู‡ุฐู‡
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:33:09,580 --> 00:33:14,800
1623
+ ุงู„ุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ูƒุฐุง no two standard engines are identical
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:33:14,800 --> 00:33:21,330
1627
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ matureูŠู†ุจู†ูุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ identical ุจุธุจุท ู†ูุณ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:33:21,330 --> 00:33:27,910
1631
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ there will always be a slight
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:33:27,910 --> 00:33:30,810
1635
+ ish in the size of the engine ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:33:30,810 --> 00:33:36,870
1639
+ variations ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:33:36,870 --> 00:33:40,930
1643
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠ ูˆ ู†ุดุทู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุนุฑู ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:33:40,930 --> 00:33:46,860
1647
+ ุฑุงุญ ุทูŠุจSince they are manufacturers not to
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:33:46,860 --> 00:33:52,460
1651
+ perfectly .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ The dimensions .. dimensions Not
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:33:52,460 --> 00:33:58,400
1655
+ to perfectly precise dimension ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ุงุจูŠุด
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:33:58,400 --> 00:34:03,540
1659
+ ุจุงู„ุถู‚ุฉ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ But to specified tolerances
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:34:03,540 --> 00:34:06,940
1663
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:34:06,940 --> 00:34:10,160
1667
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ variation ูˆ ุงู„ precise ูˆ ุงู„
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:34:10,160 --> 00:34:12,080
1671
+ tolerance ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฑุงุญูˆุง
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:34:15,460 --> 00:34:22,580
1675
+ ุฃู†ุง ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆูŠู†ู‡ุง ุงูˆุจุณ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:34:22,580 --> 00:34:42,560
1679
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทูŠุจ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:34:44,060 --> 00:34:47,980
1683
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนู†ุฏูƒูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… although
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:34:47,980 --> 00:34:53,240
1687
+ these differences may only be ุฅูŠุดุŸ plus or minus a
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:34:53,240 --> 00:34:56,820
1691
+ few hundredths of a millimeter they will
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:34:56,820 --> 00:35:01,660
1695
+ nevertheless result in a slight performance gap
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:35:01,660 --> 00:35:06,360
1699
+ between any two engines ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูŠ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:11,740
1703
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„millimeter ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุฅู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:35:11,740 --> 00:35:19,860
1707
+ ู‡ุชุนุทูŠุดูˆูŠุฉ advantage ููŠ ุงู„ performance ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:35:19,860 --> 00:35:23,760
1711
+ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ gap ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ุทุจุนุช ูƒู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:35:23,760 --> 00:35:29,400
1715
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… one way one way around this one way
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:35:29,400 --> 00:35:33,300
1719
+ around this problem if you have the cash is to
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:35:33,300 --> 00:35:38,630
1723
+ have your engine blueprinted ุงุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุชุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:35:38,630 --> 00:35:43,410
1727
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงูŠุด ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ูู„ูˆุณ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:35:43,410 --> 00:35:47,890
1731
+ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุจุชุฌูŠุจูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ blueprint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:35:47,890 --> 00:35:51,790
1735
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:35:51,790 --> 00:35:57,450
1739
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ process is perfectly legal as the sizes of
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:35:57,450 --> 00:36:03,620
1743
+ all parts remain withinthe tolerances ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:36:03,620 --> 00:36:07,480
1747
+ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุช within the
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:12,200
1751
+ tolerances ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ that are ุงูŠุด for the standard
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:36:12,200 --> 00:36:21,540
1755
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู†ุณูŠู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:36:21,540 --> 00:36:25,820
1759
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง plus ูˆ minus ูˆ ุงู„ range ูˆ ุงู„
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:36:25,820 --> 00:36:30,460
1763
+ variationูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ precision ูˆ ุงู„ terrace ุฏู„
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:36:30,460 --> 00:36:37,300
1767
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุด permissible permissible ูˆ ุฏู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง fit ูˆ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:36:37,300 --> 00:36:40,920
1771
+ clearances ู…ุธุจูˆุท orange
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:46,600
1775
+ ุงู„ู€ tolerances that are permissible for the
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:36:46,600 --> 00:36:50,600
1779
+ standard engine specifications however by
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:36:50,600 --> 00:36:54,380
1783
+ carefully matching pairs or groups of parts that
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:36:54,380 --> 00:36:58,040
1787
+ are all in either the lower or the upper half of
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:36:58,040 --> 00:37:02,580
1791
+ the tolerance ุงู„ู€ Ad ุทุงู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:37:02,580 --> 00:37:07,320
1795
+ blue printing ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุฏูŠ maximum ุจุงุฎุฏ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:12,300
1799
+ ุงู„ upper partููŠ ุงู„ tolerance ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ู„
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:37:12,300 --> 00:37:16,640
1803
+ ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ lower bound ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงุดูŠ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ูุงู†ุง
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:37:16,640 --> 00:37:20,040
1807
+ ุจุนู…ู„ matching ูู‡ูŠ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง within the range
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:24,380
1811
+ tolerance range a blueprinted engine is built to
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:37:24,380 --> 00:37:28,760
1815
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุช fit together very precisely thanks to
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:37:28,760 --> 00:37:32,630
1819
+ almost perfect clearanceclearance between moving
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:37:32,630 --> 00:37:37,610
1823
+ parts ุงู„ุงู† ุนู„ุดุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ู… ุงู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุนู…ู„
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:37:37,610 --> 00:37:41,490
1827
+ matching ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ููŠ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:37:41,490 --> 00:37:45,970
1831
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุดุฌุฉ ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ matching ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุนุฌู„
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:37:45,970 --> 00:37:51,130
1835
+ ุจุงุฎุฏ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุนุฌู„ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:37:51,130 --> 00:37:58,000
1839
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุตุบุฑ weight ุงู‚ู„ weightุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:01,300
1843
+ weight ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:38:01,300 --> 00:38:06,020
1847
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ูƒูุงุกุฉ ูู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:38:06,020 --> 00:38:13,200
1851
+ ุจุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ู†ู‚ุฑุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:38:13,200 --> 00:38:17,820
1855
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนูŠุฏ ู„ุฃ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:38:17,820 --> 00:38:21,760
1859
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฑุงู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนุดุงู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชู„ุฒุฌ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:24,200
1863
+ ู…ูŠู† ุชุชุทูˆุน ุงุชูุถู„
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:38:27,350 --> 00:38:36,290
1867
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:38:36,290 --> 00:38:39,870
1871
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:38:39,870 --> 00:38:47,170
1875
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:38:47,170 --> 00:38:54,290
1879
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:38:54,290 --> 00:38:54,390
1883
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:38:54,390 --> 00:38:54,510
1887
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:38:54,510 --> 00:39:00,620
1891
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู„ุง
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:39:00,620 --> 00:39:04,180
1895
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุŒ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:39:04,180 --> 00:39:12,220
1899
+ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุช ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ูˆู‚ุตุฉุŒ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:39:12,220 --> 00:39:15,740
1903
+ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู†
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:39:15,740 --> 00:39:17,080
1907
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:39:17,080 --> 00:39:19,680
1911
+ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู†
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:39:19,680 --> 00:39:19,860
1915
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:39:19,860 --> 00:39:20,380
1919
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:39:20,380 --> 00:39:25,500
1923
+ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ูŠู† ุฃู†
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:39:26,090 --> 00:39:35,690
1927
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง precise exact
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:39:35,690 --> 00:39:42,050
1931
+ accurate ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:39:42,050 --> 00:39:47,470
1935
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ precision exactness ุงูˆ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:39:47,470 --> 00:39:53,710
1939
+ accuracy ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู† very different
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:39:58,160 --> 00:40:03,960
1943
+ deviate ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ variation ุงู„
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:40:03,960 --> 00:40:07,720
1947
+ differences ูˆ ุงู„ deviation ูˆ ุงู„ tolerance ุจูŠุฌูˆุง
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:40:07,720 --> 00:40:12,840
1951
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:40:12,840 --> 00:40:17,800
1955
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ุฏู‡
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:40:17,800 --> 00:40:23,620
1959
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุฎุตูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจุฏูˆุฑ
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:40:23,620 --> 00:40:29,520
1963
+ ุงู„ุญู„ ู…ุนู†ูŠูŠู†ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:40:29,520 --> 00:40:33,700
1967
+ nouns ูˆ ุงู„ adjectives ู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ุงู„
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:40:33,700 --> 00:40:39,380
1971
+ slide ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุชู‚ุฑุงู‡ุงุŸ ูุถู„ ุงู„ drawing below
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:40:39,380 --> 00:40:44,320
1975
+ shows a shaft with a specified diameter of 88 mm
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:40:44,320 --> 00:40:50,400
1979
+ plus or minus 0.05 mm this means the diameter may
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:40:50,400 --> 00:40:57,010
1983
+ be 8.5ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตู…ูŠู…ุฉุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:40:57,010 --> 00:41:06,410
1987
+ ุฏูŠุงู…ุชุฑ 87.95 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ูˆ 88.5.05 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:41:06,410 --> 00:41:11,370
1991
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆู…ุณู…ูˆุญุฉ ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:41:11,370 --> 00:41:19,650
1995
+ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุชุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฏูŠุงู…ุชุฑ 87.94 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ุฃูˆ 88.06
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:41:19,650 --> 00:41:25,640
1999
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Tolerance
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:41:25,640 --> 00:41:30,480
2003
+ ุงู„ู€ Tolerance ุนู†ุฏูŠ plus or minus certain
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:41:30,480 --> 00:41:36,720
2007
+ percentage ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ or numberุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:41:36,720 --> 00:41:41,020
2011
+ acceptable ูˆ
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:41:41,020 --> 00:41:47,980
2015
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ unacceptable ุงู„ู€ acceptable ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:41:47,980 --> 00:41:48,680
2019
+ permissible
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:41:53,330 --> 00:42:03,190
2023
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ .. ุฏู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ Unpermissible ู‡ุฐุง
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:42:03,190 --> 00:42:13,230
2027
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ Within Tolerance ูˆู‡ู†ุง Outside Tolerance
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:42:13,230 --> 00:42:18,990
2031
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู„ุฎุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ slide
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:42:21,780 --> 00:42:28,900
2035
+ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุง .. ุชูุถู‘ุงู„ ูŠุง ุชุณู†ูŠูŠุจ
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:42:28,900 --> 00:42:34,120
2039
+ ู†ุญู†
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:42:34,120 --> 00:42:43,700
2043
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:42:43,700 --> 00:42:44,880
2047
+ ู…ุซู„ุง
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:42:48,460 --> 00:42:53,560
2051
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠู†ูŠูƒ ูŠุนุทูŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุทุฑู‚ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:42:53,560 --> 00:42:58,400
2055
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:42:58,400 --> 00:43:06,840
2059
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:43:06,840 --> 00:43:07,340
2063
+ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:43:07,340 --> 00:43:09,120
2067
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:43:09,120 --> 00:43:09,660
2071
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:43:09,660 --> 00:43:09,680
2075
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:43:09,680 --> 00:43:16,680
2079
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:43:16,680 --> 00:43:17,320
2083
+ ุงูƒุช
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:43:27,800 --> 00:43:31,860
2087
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู„ู€ Acceptive Tolerance ุงูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:43:31,860 --> 00:43:40,340
2091
+ Tight ูˆ Loose ุงู„ู€ Tight Tolerance ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:43:40,340 --> 00:43:46,270
2095
+ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Loose Tolerance ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุงู„ุงู„ุนู„ูˆ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:43:46,270 --> 00:43:52,910
2099
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ fit .. ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠ .. ุงุชูุถู„ .. ู…ุถุงู„
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:43:52,910 --> 00:44:00,790
2103
+ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ุงุชูุถู„
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:44:00,790 --> 00:44:03,450
2107
+ .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ุงุชูุถู„ .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ุงุชูุถู„ ..
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:44:03,450 --> 00:44:05,270
2111
+ ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ุงุชูุถู„ .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ุงุชูุถู„ .. ู…ุถุงู„
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:44:05,270 --> 00:44:05,530
2115
+ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง ..
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:44:05,530 --> 00:44:07,270
2119
+ ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:44:07,270 --> 00:44:09,010
2123
+ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง ..
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:44:09,010 --> 00:44:11,370
2127
+ ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุถุงู„ ุนุฏู†ุง
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:44:19,930 --> 00:44:24,730
2131
+ Gap between itself and the side of the wall, this
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:44:24,730 --> 00:44:27,870
2135
+ distance must be quite precise if there is a gap
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:44:29,620 --> 00:44:40,340
2139
+ ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:44:40,340 --> 00:44:40,360
2143
+ ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:44:40,360 --> 00:44:40,620
2147
+ ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:44:40,620 --> 00:44:41,700
2151
+ ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:44:41,700 --> 00:44:46,060
2155
+ ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:44:46,060 --> 00:44:54,220
2159
+ ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:44:54,220 --> 00:44:57,820
2163
+ ุงู†ุณูุดุงู†ุช
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:44:57,820 --> 00:45:04,250
2167
+ ุงู†ุณุทูŠุจุŒ ุขุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุงุŸ ุชูุถู„
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:45:45,530 --> 00:45:50,590
2171
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ fit clearance fit ูˆ
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:45:50,590 --> 00:45:53,850
2175
+ interference fit ุงู„ clearance fit ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ loose
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:45:53,850 --> 00:45:58,070
2179
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ูˆุณุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ interference fit ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:45:58,070 --> 00:46:04,690
2183
+ tight ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู„ุฎุตุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
2184
+
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The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/s751BsBTw4U.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1647 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,940 --> 00:00:28,680
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‚ุตุฉ 41 ู‚ุตุฉ 41 ุชุชุญุฏุซ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:28,680 --> 00:00:34,940
7
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ู†ุนู†ูŠ ุชุชุจุน ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช ..
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:34,940 --> 00:00:39,360
11
+ ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช .. ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช .. ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช .. ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช .. ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:43,620
15
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ .. ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:43,620 --> 00:00:52,160
19
+ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุฎู„ุงุต ูƒู„ูƒู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุจู†ุงู†ูŠุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:52,160 --> 00:00:57,960
23
+ .. ุงู„ุฌูŠุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:57,960 --> 00:01:03,280
27
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:03,280 --> 00:01:07,510
31
+ ุจูŠุฎููุงู„ mechanical effort ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง mechanical
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:07,510 --> 00:01:12,090
35
+ advantage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุฎูู
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:12,090 --> 00:01:18,550
39
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู†ุฑูุน ุดูŠุก ุฃูˆ ู†ุญุฑูƒ ุดูŠุก ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:18,550 --> 00:01:25,200
43
+ ู†ุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุนุงุช ู„ุดูŠุก ู…ุนูŠู† ูู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู„ูƒู…
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:29,540
47
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุณูƒู„ูŠุชุงุช ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:32,700
51
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŸ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุณูƒู„ูŠุชุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:32,700 --> 00:01:36,500
55
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุณุงู„ุฉุŒ ููŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:36,500 --> 00:01:41,880
59
+ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชู„ู ุจุณุฑุนุฉุŒ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:51,390
63
+ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุดูŠุก ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุณุฑุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฎูุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุชุจุนู‡
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:51,390 --> 00:01:57,150
67
+ ุฃูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:57,150 --> 00:02:02,150
71
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูˆู„ุฏ ุนุฒู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:02,150 --> 00:02:05,590
75
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุญุฏ ูƒู„ ูƒุฑุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:05,590 --> 00:02:09,560
79
+ ูƒุจุชู„ุจูˆุง ุณูƒุงู„ุชุงุช ูˆุงู†ุชูˆุง ุตุบุงุฑุŒ ุฃู‚ู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุชูˆุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:14,420
83
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุถู„ูƒ ุชู„ู ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:14,420 --> 00:02:18,880
87
+ ูู‡ุชุงุฎุฏูƒ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูƒู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:22,840
91
+ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุจุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:22,840 --> 00:02:26,660
95
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุจุณ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจุณูƒู„ูŠุช ุน ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:26,660 --> 00:02:31,980
99
+ ู„ุจุณูƒู„ูŠุช ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุด ูŠุทู„ุนูˆู‡ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:31,980 --> 00:02:35,180
103
+ ูˆุจุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ูุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:35,180 --> 00:02:40,720
107
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุชุงุฎุฏุด ุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:40,720 --> 00:02:46,460
111
+ driver ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ follower ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ shaft
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:46,460 --> 00:02:53,780
115
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏุฑุงุน ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง tooth ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู†
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:53,780 --> 00:03:01,840
119
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ gear wheel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ or gears are
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:07,700
123
+ wheels with teeth or cogs ุงู„ cogs ู‡ู… ู†ูุณู‡ู… ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุงู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:07,700 --> 00:03:10,920
127
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงุณู…
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:10,920 --> 00:03:19,700
131
+ ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ gear wheels ู‡ู… ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุนุฌู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:19,700 --> 00:03:24,480
135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู„ุจ ููŠู‡ุง the teeth interlock interlock ูŠุนู†ูŠ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:24,480 --> 00:03:28,500
139
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุดุจูƒูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ fit together ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆู ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:28,500 --> 00:03:34,020
143
+ ูƒู„ ุณู† ุฑุงูƒุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ with those of the other
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:34,020 --> 00:03:38,600
147
+ gear wheel when one gear wheel revolves ู„ู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:38,600 --> 00:03:44,540
151
+ ุจู„ู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ the other revolves with it ุนุฌู„ุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:44,540 --> 00:03:51,330
155
+ ุจุชู„ู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู„ู ู…ุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุฅูŠุด
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:51,330 --> 00:03:55,750
159
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ู clockwise ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ counter
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:55,750 --> 00:04:01,450
163
+ clockwise ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู„ููˆุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† as
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:01,450 --> 00:04:05,370
167
+ they rotate mesh together ุงู„ mesh ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:05,370 --> 00:04:09,670
171
+ ุจูŠุฑูƒุจูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ gears are normally fitted to shafts
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:09,670 --> 00:04:15,030
175
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑุงุน ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ gear ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:15,030 --> 00:04:21,250
179
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ they transmit rotary motion
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:21,250 --> 00:04:25,970
183
+ from one shaft to another that is they transmit
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:25,970 --> 00:04:31,130
187
+ drive ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุฉ ุจูŠู…ุฌู„ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:31,130 --> 00:04:38,410
191
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู„ุฌุฒุก ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:38,410 --> 00:04:43,750
195
+ ู†ุจุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุณูƒู„ูŠุช ุชุจุฏู„ุช ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:43,750 --> 00:04:48,150
199
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ู„ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุงูŠ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูุน ุงู„ุฏูุน
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:48,150 --> 00:04:52,430
203
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ drive transmit ุงู„ drive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:52,430 --> 00:04:59,850
207
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงูุนุฉ ุงู„ drive usually supplied by an engine
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:59,850 --> 00:05:05,190
211
+ or a motor causes a shaft to revolve ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:05,190 --> 00:05:11,370
215
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆู„ุฏ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:11,370 --> 00:05:15,610
219
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:17,550 --> 00:05:22,210
223
+ reverb ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุชู„ู a shaft connected directly
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:22,210 --> 00:05:26,950
227
+ to an engine or a motor is called a drive shaft or
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:26,950 --> 00:05:31,350
231
+ as an input shaft drive ุงู„ู…ุดุจูˆุฎ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:31,350 --> 00:05:34,910
235
+ engine ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง drive shaft ู†ุณุจุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:34,910 --> 00:05:39,530
239
+ ู„ู„ driver ุฃูˆ input shaft ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:39,530 --> 00:05:45,260
243
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ output shaft ูƒู…ุงู†
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:45,260 --> 00:05:49,980
247
+ ูุงู„ input ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:49,980 --> 00:05:55,720
251
+ ุงู„ุขู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:55,720 --> 00:05:59,480
255
+ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ follower ู‡ูŠ driver ูˆู‡ูŠ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:59,480 --> 00:06:04,590
259
+ ุงู„ follower ุฅูŠุด ุญุทูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต idler ุงู„ idler ุฅูŠุด
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:04,590 --> 00:06:10,210
263
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนุงูƒุณ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:10,210 --> 00:06:16,610
267
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตุงุฑูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูู‡ูˆ ุจูˆุญุฏ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:16,610 --> 00:06:23,470
271
+ ุงู„ idler ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ a
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:23,470 --> 00:06:28,940
275
+ gear wheel on a drive shaft is called a driver ุงู„ู„ูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:28,940 --> 00:06:33,400
279
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุดูุชูˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ the second gear wheel
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:35,900
283
+ which meshes with the driver is called the
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:35,900 --> 00:06:40,380
287
+ follower the driver drives the follower ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:40,380 --> 00:06:44,310
291
+ follower ุจุชุจุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ driver ุงู„ driver ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:44,310 --> 00:06:47,430
295
+ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ an assembly of several shafts and gear
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:47,430 --> 00:06:51,890
299
+ wheels is called gear train or transmission system
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:51,890 --> 00:06:57,130
303
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ transmission ุฏู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:57,130 --> 00:07:02,670
307
+ automatic ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง automatic ุฅูŠุดุŸ transmission
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:02,670 --> 00:07:07,930
311
+ ุญุชู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุท ุงู„ุฒูŠุช ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ transmission oil
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:07,930 --> 00:07:15,520
315
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ manual ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ gearbox oil ุงู„ transmission
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:15,520 --> 00:07:19,920
319
+ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ gearbox ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุณุจุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:26,860
323
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง gear ู„ู‡ ู†ุณุจุฉ ratio
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:26,860 --> 00:07:31,040
327
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ู„ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:34,240
331
+ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ transmission
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:34,240 --> 00:07:37,400
335
+ box transmission
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:41,780 --> 00:07:45,540
339
+ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุจุณ ุงู„ transmission ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ุŸ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:45,540 --> 00:07:50,080
343
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† gear system ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:50,080 --> 00:07:59,800
347
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ู„ุฃ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:59,800 --> 00:08:06,420
351
+ ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ system ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุณ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:06,420 --> 00:08:10,860
355
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฏูŠูƒุŸ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ูŠุฏูˆูŠู‹ุง ูˆุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:10,860 --> 00:08:16,270
359
+ automatically ูˆุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุณุด
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:16,270 --> 00:08:20,710
363
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ุจุฑุงูƒุจุฉ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุญุณ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชู†ู‚ู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:20,710 --> 00:08:26,070
367
+ ุงู„ gear ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎููŠูุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุณ ุจุชุญุณ ุฃู† ููŠ ู†ุบู„ุฉ ุญุตู„ุช
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:26,070 --> 00:08:30,030
371
+ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุญุตู„ automatic ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ manual ุฅูŠุด
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:30,030 --> 00:08:35,610
375
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูˆุงูƒ ุจู†ู‚ู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุณ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:35,610 --> 00:08:39,350
379
+ ุจู‚ุฑุฑ ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ู‡ุฏุงูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฑุฑ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:39,350 --> 00:08:41,010
383
+ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด ุชู†ู‚ู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:43,810 --> 00:08:47,750
387
+ ูุนู†ุฏูŠ several ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง an
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:47,750 --> 00:08:51,790
391
+ assembly of several shafts and gear wheels ูŠุนู†ูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:51,790 --> 00:08:55,890
395
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงูุช ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ gear wheel
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:55,890 --> 00:08:59,470
399
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนุฌุงู„ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ gear ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:59,470 --> 00:09:07,070
403
+ gear train train or transmission system it begins
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:07,070 --> 00:09:11,370
407
+ with an input shaft and ends with an output shaft
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:11,370 --> 00:09:15,490
411
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ shaft ุฏุฑุงุนู‡ุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:15,490 --> 00:09:18,450
415
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:18,450 --> 00:09:22,370
419
+ ุจู†ุชูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ output shaft ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:22,370 --> 00:09:26,470
423
+ ุงู„ุดุงูุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎุท ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ input shaft
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:26,470 --> 00:09:29,930
427
+ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ motor ุฃูˆ ุงู„ engine ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุจุฏุฃ ุนู†ุฏู‡
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:29,930 --> 00:09:35,260
431
+ ุงู„ generation ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู†ุงู†
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:35,260 --> 00:09:42,020
435
+ idler ุฃูˆ ุฃุณู†ุงู† idler ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:42,020 --> 00:09:42,300
439
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:42,300 --> 00:09:46,460
443
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:46,460 --> 00:09:49,140
447
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:49,140 --> 00:09:49,360
451
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:49,360 --> 00:09:50,960
455
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:54,620
459
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:57,980 --> 00:10:02,600
463
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gear ratio ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ gear ratioุŸ ุฒูŠ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:02,600 --> 00:10:09,060
467
+ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ gear ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:09,060 --> 00:10:14,680
471
+ ู„ุฃุฒูˆุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูุงุช ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ู„ู„ู‡ุง gears can
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:14,680 --> 00:10:17,920
475
+ provide a mechanical advantage ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู‡ุฏู ุงู„
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:22,520
479
+ chapter ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ chapter ุนู†ุฏูŠ 33 ุงู„ mechanical
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:22,520 --> 00:10:27,560
483
+ advantage ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุจุฃุจุฏู„ ุฌู‡ุฏ ุฃู‚ู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:29,080 --> 00:10:33,900
487
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… gear ratio ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… gear ratio ู…ุฎุชู„ู
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:33,900 --> 00:10:42,120
491
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… gear ratio ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… gear ratio ู…ุฎุชู„ู
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:46,060
495
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… gear ratio ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… gear ratio ู…ุฎุชู„ู
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:46,060 --> 00:10:47,120
499
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… gear ratio ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… gear ratio ู…ุฎุชู„ู
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:50,140
503
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:50,140 --> 00:10:53,900
507
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:53,900 --> 00:10:56,940
511
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:57,130 --> 00:11:05,210
515
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:05,210 --> 00:11:08,350
519
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:08,350 --> 00:11:09,050
523
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:09,050 --> 00:11:09,130
527
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:09,130 --> 00:11:09,190
531
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:09,190 --> 00:11:09,650
535
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:09,650 --> 00:11:10,390
539
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:10,390 --> 00:11:15,150
543
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:15,150 --> 00:11:26,890
547
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:26,890 --> 00:11:32,800
551
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ุฃ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง run ุงู„ run ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู„ูุฉ run per
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:32,800 --> 00:11:40,140
555
+ minute rpm the output speed of the follower will
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:40,140 --> 00:11:47,140
559
+ be one thousand rpm run per minute runs per minute
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:47,140 --> 00:11:50,700
563
+ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:55,900 --> 00:12:01,440
567
+ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฌุฑุณ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู„ุฅุนุทุงุก ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:05,890
571
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:05,890 --> 00:12:07,090
575
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:07,090 --> 00:12:08,750
579
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:08,750 --> 00:12:14,850
583
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:14,850 --> 00:12:22,450
587
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:22,450 --> 00:12:30,290
591
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:30,290 --> 00:12:33,850
595
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:33,850 --> 00:12:39,030
599
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฑู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ gear
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:39,030 --> 00:12:44,610
603
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุทูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุจุงู„ ุงู„ gear ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:44,610 --> 00:12:49,490
607
+ ูˆุงุทูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุนุฒู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูู‡ุฐุง .. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:49,490 --> 00:12:56,770
611
+ ุฎุท ุณุฑูŠุน ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุณุฑูŠุน ูุงุถูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู‚ูุงุช ุจุญุท ุงู„ู€ gear
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:56,770 --> 00:13:01,830
615
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ second
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:01,830 --> 00:13:05,670
619
+ gear ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ third gear ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:05,670 --> 00:13:09,370
623
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุจุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ gear ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุนู„ู‰
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:09,370 --> 00:13:14,550
627
+ gear ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:14,550 --> 00:13:21,320
631
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ smooth ูุจุชุงุฎุฏุด ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูุจุช .. ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:21,320 --> 00:13:25,640
635
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุฃู†ูƒ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุชุทู„ุจุด ุนุฒู… ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนุดุงู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:25,640 --> 00:13:29,180
639
+ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุทุงู„ุน ุฌุจู„ ุจ .. ุจ .. ุจู†ูุนุด ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:29,180 --> 00:13:33,600
643
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุฎุงู…ุณ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุฎุท ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู†ุธูŠูุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:33,600 --> 00:13:40,360
647
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุทูŠุจ this may be a manual
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:45,300
651
+ gearbox where gears are changed by a person ุงู„ู€
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:45,300 --> 00:13:49,600
655
+ manual ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:53,200
659
+ ุจูŠุบูŠุฑ or automatic gearbox which automatically
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:53,200 --> 00:13:57,500
663
+ select a higher gear or lower gear as needed ุงู„ุขู†
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:57,500 --> 00:14:02,340
667
+ ุจุงู„ู€ automatic ุจุชุญุณูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:02,340 --> 00:14:05,780
671
+ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฃู†ุช ุฑุงูƒุจ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุณูˆู‚ูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:05,780 --> 00:14:09,400
675
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุณุชุงุช ุจุญุจูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:13,480
679
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฑูƒุฒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ brake ูˆุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุด ูˆุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:13,480 --> 00:14:18,740
683
+ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ gear ูƒูŠู ุชุญุทู‡ ูˆูƒูŠู ุชุดุบู„ ู…ุง ุชุด
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:18,740 --> 00:14:23,220
687
+ ุณูˆูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ ุญุฑูƒุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:23,220 --> 00:14:26,680
691
+ ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ูŠููˆู†ุงุช ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุญุจูˆุง ุงู„
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:26,680 --> 00:14:30,890
695
+ automatic ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุชูŠุญ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุฌุงู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:30,890 --> 00:14:35,630
699
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุชุชุญุฑูƒุด ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุบู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:35,630 --> 00:14:40,110
703
+ ู‡ูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:40,110 --> 00:14:45,770
707
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:45,770 --> 00:14:51,050
711
+ ุณุงูŠู‚ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุฒูŠ ูˆุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุงุฑุจู„ู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูˆ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:51,050 --> 00:14:57,240
715
+ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูˆู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุญุชู‰ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:57,240 --> 00:15:01,220
719
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ู„ู‡๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุด ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุชุจุนู†ุง ุทู„ุนูˆุง
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:01,220 --> 00:15:07,580
723
+ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง heavy machines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุต ูˆู‚ุทุน
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:07,580 --> 00:15:11,560
727
+ ูˆุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุนุฑููŠุด ุจูŠุฎู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡ ูˆุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:11,560 --> 00:15:17,300
731
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠููƒุฑุด ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุญุทูˆุทูŠู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:17,300 --> 00:15:21,200
735
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠู†ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ุด ู…ู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:21,200 --> 00:15:25,480
739
+ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ุงุชู‚ุทุน ุฃุตุงุจุน ุนู‚ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช safety
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:31,000
743
+ procedure ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุฃุญุท ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:36,800
747
+ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:41,420
751
+ ุนุฏุฉ .. ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ gear ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ spare gear
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:41,420 --> 00:15:48,700
755
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุงู„ุฅุณู†ุงู† ูƒูŠู ุดูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุซู†ุงู†
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:48,700 --> 00:15:54,320
759
+ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู†
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:54,320 --> 00:15:58,940
763
+ ุงู„ spare gear are the simplest gears the teeth run
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:58,940 --> 00:16:02,580
767
+ straight across the wheel ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ wheel straight
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:02,580 --> 00:16:06,520
771
+ across ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ wheel ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ wheel
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:06,520 --> 00:16:12,260
775
+ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด spare gear ูˆุฃู†ุง ุญุงุทุทู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:12,260 --> 00:16:18,500
779
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ helical gear ุทู„ุน
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:18,500 --> 00:16:25,660
783
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูƒูŠูุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ curved helical gears
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:25,660 --> 00:16:32,000
787
+ have curved teeth ุงู„ุฅุณู†ุงู† ุฅูŠุด ุดูƒู„ู‡ู…ุŸ curved so
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:35,920
791
+ that they mesh together more smoothly ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:35,920 --> 00:16:41,060
795
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู†ุงุนู…ุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:41,060 --> 00:16:45,640
799
+ ุงู„ู€ gear ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู†ุงุนู…ุฉุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:45,640 --> 00:16:50,020
803
+ helical gears ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ spare ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ straight
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:50,020 --> 00:16:58,940
807
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู…ุŸ bevel gear allowed drive to be
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:58,940 --> 00:17:02,900
811
+ transmitted through an angle of 90 degrees ุทู„ุน
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:02,900 --> 00:17:08,180
815
+ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:08,180 --> 00:17:14,740
819
+ bevel gear ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:14,740 --> 00:17:22,560
823
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน crown gear and crown gear and pinion ู‡ุฐุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:22,560 --> 00:17:26,300
827
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุจุชู„ู ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:26,300 --> 00:17:30,640
831
+ ูˆู‡ุฏูŠ ุจุชู„ู ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ crown gear
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:30,640 --> 00:17:34,100
835
+ transmit drive through ninety degree often to a
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:38,660
839
+ smaller gear called pinion ู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ smaller ูˆ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:38,660 --> 00:17:45,820
843
+ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด bigger ูู‡ุฏู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ people ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:46,750 --> 00:17:51,150
847
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง smaller gear ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:51,150 --> 00:17:56,350
851
+ .. ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ crown gear ู‡ุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฌ ุดูƒู„ู‡
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:56,350 --> 00:18:00,750
855
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุทู„ู‡ุง crown ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุชุงุฌุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ pinion
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:00,750 --> 00:18:05,130
859
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ pinion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ gear ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ crown gear
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:05,130 --> 00:18:09,890
863
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ transmitting through ninety degrees
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:09,890 --> 00:18:16,580
867
+ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด to smaller gear called pinion ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:16,580 --> 00:18:22,260
871
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ worm gear ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฏุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:22,260 --> 00:18:27,960
875
+ worm ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฏูˆุฏุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฏุฉ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:27,960 --> 00:18:32,240
879
+ worm gear transmit drive through an angle they
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:32,240 --> 00:18:37,200
883
+ allow a low output speed relative to the input
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:41,340
887
+ speed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ speed ู‡ุฐุง low lower
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:41,340 --> 00:18:49,500
891
+ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ they can provide a
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:49,500 --> 00:18:52,740
895
+ one-way drive as a worm can drive a gear but a
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:52,740 --> 00:18:56,740
899
+ gear cannot drive a worm ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:56,740 --> 00:19:00,560
903
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ drive ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ worm ุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ worm ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุด drive
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:06,400
907
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ gear ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ one-way one-way drive
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:06,400 --> 00:19:11,850
911
+ ูˆุดูƒู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุญุฑูƒุชู‡ุงุŸ ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:11,850 --> 00:19:19,350
915
+ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:19,350 --> 00:19:22,430
919
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง change four words in the text
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:22,430 --> 00:19:26,170
923
+ below to make it correct ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุตู„ุญ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:26,170 --> 00:19:30,450
927
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุฑุฌุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:30,450 --> 00:19:34,630
931
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:34,630 --> 00:19:41,630
935
+ .. ุจุณ ู†ุฐูƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุชุจู‚ูˆุง ู…ุนู†ุง
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:41,630 --> 00:19:46,090
939
+ ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุขู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:46,090 --> 00:19:49,930
943
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ driver ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:49,930 --> 00:19:54,430
947
+ follower ุงู„ driver ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:54,430 --> 00:19:59,510
951
+ input ุงู„ input shaft ุงู„ู€ follower ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:59,510 --> 00:20:05,410
955
+ ุงู„ output shaft ุงู„ driver ูˆ ุงู„ follower ุนุงุฏุฉ they
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:05,410 --> 00:20:09,050
959
+ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ they move in opposite .. opposite
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:09,050 --> 00:20:15,170
963
+ direction ุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:15,170 --> 00:20:19,030
967
+ three components ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ follower ูˆ ุงู„ shaft
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:19,030 --> 00:20:23,350
971
+ ูˆ ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ูˆ ุงู„ driver ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:27,060 --> 00:20:32,380
975
+ ุงู„ idler ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ change .. change of the
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:32,380 --> 00:20:37,680
979
+ motion direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุฑุงูŠุญุฉ clockwise ุจูŠุนู…ู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:41,160
983
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ driver follower going different
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:44,600
987
+ direction or opposite direction ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุท idler ููŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:47,100
991
+ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ู… the same direction
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:53,610 --> 00:20:58,270
995
+ ุงู„ู€ transmission system ุฃูˆ gear train ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:58,270 --> 00:21:03,670
999
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ a system or assembly of several shafts and
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:03,670 --> 00:21:08,770
1003
+ several gear wheels ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:08,770 --> 00:21:12,410
1007
+ wheels ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงูุงุช ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ transmission
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:12,410 --> 00:21:14,610
1011
+ system ุฃูˆ gear train
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:23,820
1015
+ ุงู„ู€ ratio ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุงู„ advantage ู„ู…ุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:23,820 --> 00:21:29,300
1019
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุดูุชูˆุง example ู„ 3 to 1 ูˆ ุงู„ input
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:29,300 --> 00:21:33,280
1023
+ speed ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆููŠ output speed ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏุฎู„ ู„ู„ู€
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:36,960
1027
+ system ูˆุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู„ู€ system ุญุณุจ ุงู„ ratio ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:36,960 --> 00:21:37,580
1031
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:40,440 --> 00:21:47,720
1035
+ ุงู„ู€ gearbox ูˆุงู„ู€ gear selection ุจุชุนู…ู„
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:47,720 --> 00:21:54,020
1039
+ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุชุดูŠูุช ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ manual gearbox
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:54,020 --> 00:21:59,640
1043
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู…ู† ุดุฎุต ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:05,000
1047
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ุฃูˆ automatic gearbox ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:10,800
1051
+ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ from higher gear or lower gear automatically
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:16,920
1055
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:16,920 --> 00:22:21,500
1059
+ spur gear ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ simplest ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:21,500 --> 00:22:27,580
1063
+ teeth run straight across the wheel ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:27,580 --> 00:22:32,720
1067
+ ุงู„ helical ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ curved teeth ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:32,720 --> 00:22:33,760
1071
+ ุฅูŠุด smoothly
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:36,800 --> 00:22:41,000
1075
+ ุงู„ู€ bevel gear ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ 90 degrees ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:47,460
1079
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ vertical ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ crown
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:47,460 --> 00:22:54,420
1083
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ ุชุงุฌ ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ pinion ุงู„ู€
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:54,420 --> 00:22:58,700
1087
+ pinion ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุนู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:58,700 --> 00:23:04,610
1091
+ ุงู„ crown ูˆุจุนุทูŠู†ูŠ 90 degrees ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ู€ worm
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:04,610 --> 00:23:10,650
1095
+ gear ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ worm ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:10,650 --> 00:23:15,950
1099
+ 90 degrees ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ one way drive ูˆ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:15,950 --> 00:23:19,510
1103
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ speed ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ output speed ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:19,510 --> 00:23:26,610
1107
+ lower than ุงู„ input speed ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 90 degrees ุฅุฐุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:26,610 --> 00:23:32,090
1111
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุท .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:32,090 --> 00:23:37,670
1115
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฎุท ุชู…ุงุซู„ุŸ ุขู‡ .. ุขู‡
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:37,670 --> 00:23:42,190
1119
+ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:42,190 --> 00:23:45,350
1123
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ูˆู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง an engine is
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:45,350 --> 00:23:50,510
1127
+ connected to a driveshaft ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุดุจูƒู†ุงู‡ ู…ุน
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:50,510 --> 00:23:56,440
1131
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ driveshaft ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง fitted to this output
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:56,440 --> 00:24:01,440
1135
+ shaft ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ input ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดุจูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:07,200
1139
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ engine input shaft is a gear
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:14,040
1143
+ wheel called the idler ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดุจูƒ ุงู„ุขู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:14,040 --> 00:24:15,300
1147
+ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑุŸ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:23,570 --> 00:24:31,670
1151
+ ุดุจูƒู†ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ shaft ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุง input shaft ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:31,670 --> 00:24:38,370
1155
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุจู†ุดุจูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ driver ูˆู„ุง follower
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:38,370 --> 00:24:45,770
1159
+ ูˆู„ุง idler ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุดุจูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡ driver ูƒูˆูŠุณ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:45,770 --> 00:24:52,170
1163
+ as this gear wheel turn it drives another gear
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:52,170 --> 00:24:56,610
1167
+ wheel alongside it's called ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ follower ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:56,610 --> 00:25:03,330
1171
+ ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุฏู‡ ุญุงุทูŠุช ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:03,330 --> 00:25:09,310
1175
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู†ุดุจูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:09,310 --> 00:25:15,230
1179
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ follower which
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:15,230 --> 00:25:20,680
1183
+ fit to an input shaft ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุฏูŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:26,700
1187
+ ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ output shaft ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ output
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:26,700 --> 00:25:33,880
1191
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ follower ูˆุงู„ input ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:33,880 --> 00:25:43,420
1195
+ driver ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:43,420 --> 00:25:51,470
1199
+ ุงู„ุขู† complete the text ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุงุฏ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:51,470 --> 00:25:56,430
1203
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด the case is IIH BOMA CVX
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:56,430 --> 00:25:59,910
1207
+ TRACTOR is equipped with continuously variable
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:59,910 --> 00:26:05,290
1211
+ transmission ุงู„ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:05,290 --> 00:26:09,690
1215
+ gearbox allow the driver of the vehicle ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:09,690 --> 00:26:13,070
1219
+ .. ุฅูŠุด .. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ driver ูŠุชุญูƒู…
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:13,070 --> 00:26:19,270
1223
+ ููŠู‡ุง manual gearbox allow the driver of the vehicle
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:19,270 --> 00:26:24,390
1227
+ to .. ุฅูŠุด gearุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ shift ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุบูŠุฑ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:24,390 --> 00:26:29,550
1231
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ shift it change shift gear as required if
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:29,550 --> 00:26:37,270
1235
+ gear is selected ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ if .. ุงุชุทู„ุน .. ุงุชุทู„ุน
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:37,270 --> 00:26:40,430
1239
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง if ุฅูŠุด gear is selected the speed of the
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:40,430 --> 00:26:44,410
1243
+ output shaft will increase relatively higher ุงู„ุขู†
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:44,410 --> 00:26:49,630
1247
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ select the speed of
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:49,630 --> 00:26:52,450
1251
+ the output shaft will increase relative to the
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:52,450 --> 00:26:57,090
1255
+ input shaft for a given engine speed in a typical
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:57,090 --> 00:27:01,790
1259
+ automatic gearbox ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุงู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:01,790 --> 00:27:05,290
1263
+ manual ุงู„ manual ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ in
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:05,290 --> 00:27:10,460
1267
+ automatic gearbox however the gear ุฅูŠุด system is
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:10,460 --> 00:27:14,140
1271
+ automatedุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ automatedุŸ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:14,140 --> 00:27:18,620
1275
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ selection ุงู„ู€
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:18,620 --> 00:27:21,940
1279
+ selection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง is automated
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:21,940 --> 00:27:25,940
1283
+ requiring no action by the driver ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณูˆุงู‚
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:25,940 --> 00:27:29,260
1287
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุด ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ in addition most automatic
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:29,260 --> 00:27:34,060
1291
+ transmission system use so-called planetary gears
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:34,060 --> 00:27:37,720
1295
+ in basic terms these allow the transmission to
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:37,720 --> 00:27:42,640
1299
+ remain connected at all time unlike manual gearbox
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:49,370
1303
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ automated ุงู„ู€ Gear ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:49,370 --> 00:27:52,270
1307
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Manual Gear ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุณูˆุงู‚ ูŠููƒ ุงู„ู€ Gear ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:52,270 --> 00:27:55,910
1311
+ ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุฒู„ ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุงู„ุณูˆุงู‚ูŠู† ุบุฒุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ู…
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:55,910 --> 00:27:59,350
1315
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠูˆูุฑูˆุง ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุจูŠููƒ ุงู„ู€ Gear
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:59,350 --> 00:28:04,170
1319
+ ูุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุถุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฏูุน
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:04,170 --> 00:28:07,650
1323
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชูˆุตู„ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจูŠุดุชุจูƒ ุงู„ู€ Gear
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:07,650 --> 00:28:12,390
1327
+ ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Automatic ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชููƒุด Gear ุจุชุถุงู„ู‡ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:12,390 --> 00:28:17,090
1331
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ Gear ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง .. ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:21,800
1335
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ุจุณ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฎุทุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:21,800 --> 00:28:29,240
1339
+ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ neutral ุงู„ neutral ุจูŠููƒ ุงู„ gear ู…ุงู‡ูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:33,600
1343
+ ู‡ุงุฏ ุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณูŠุฑ ุชููƒุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ู‡ูˆุฏ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูˆูุฌุฃุฉ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:38,320
1347
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดุจูƒู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ูู‡ุฏ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ shock ู„ู„ gear
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:42,580
1351
+ system ุชุจุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ manual ุงู„ manual ..
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:42,580 --> 00:28:47,420
1355
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุบูŠุฑ gear ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุณูˆุงู‚ ูููŠ ุงู„ู€
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:47,420 --> 00:28:51,600
1359
+ automatic ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:51,600 --> 00:28:55,600
1363
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง In addition, most transmission systems
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:59,400
1367
+ use so-called planetary gears in basic terms.
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:59,740 --> 00:29:02,380
1371
+ These allow the transmission to remain connected
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:02,380 --> 00:29:06,840
1375
+ at all times ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:15,120
1379
+ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุณ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฑุงุญูˆุง ุฑูˆุญูˆุง ู„ ุดุงุฑูˆู… ุจุงุฑูƒ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:19,040
1383
+ ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ูุฑุงุญูˆุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู€
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:19,040 --> 00:29:23,240
1387
+ discovery ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ุจูŠุญุจู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุจูŠุญุจูˆู‡ุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:23,240 --> 00:29:28,540
1391
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููˆู‚ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:28,540 --> 00:29:33,980
1395
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ gearbox ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ gearbox ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุดุจูƒูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:34,590 --> 00:29:39,350
1399
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู„ู…ุง
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:39,350 --> 00:29:44,170
1403
+ ุชู†ุฒู„ ุจุชูู„ุท ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ ุตุญ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุชูู„ุท as an
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:44,170 --> 00:29:49,450
1407
+ engine ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ุจุชุณูŠุฑ ุชุณู‡ู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:49,450 --> 00:29:54,710
1411
+ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุดุบู„ ุดุงูŠูุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:54,710 --> 00:29:59,150
1415
+ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ู…ุŸ ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุฒู†
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:59,150 --> 00:30:08,030
1419
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŸ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ 16 ู‚ู†ุทุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ูุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:08,030 --> 00:30:14,010
1423
+ ุชุญุฑูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:14,010 --> 00:30:20,930
1427
+ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุญุณุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ูˆู† ู„ 200 ุฃู…ุจูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ู… ุชุจุฏุฃ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:20,930 --> 00:30:28,170
1431
+ ุชุดุชุบู„ ูู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุช .. ุขู‡
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:41,040
1435
+ ุทูŠุจ ุขู‡ ุทูŠุจ I like manual gearbox in which pair of
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:41,040 --> 00:30:45,420
1439
+ each gear are momentarily disconnected each time a
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:45,420 --> 00:30:51,500
1443
+ shift is made ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุทูŠุจ helical ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:51,500 --> 00:30:54,960
1447
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ู…ุด
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:59,200
1451
+ ุญุงูƒูŠู†ู‡ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:59,200 --> 00:31:03,060
1455
+ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ automatic ูˆุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ higher ูˆ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:31:03,060 --> 00:31:10,140
1459
+ ุงู„ manual ูˆุงู„ selection ูˆุงู„ shift ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ shift ุขู‡
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:31:10,140 --> 00:31:14,660
1463
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ wheel ุฎู„ุตู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ุฐุงูƒุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:31:14,660 --> 00:31:20,340
1467
+ ู„ู„ุชุฑุณูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู„ูƒู„ุง ุงู„ manual ูˆุงู„ู€
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:20,340 --> 00:31:24,120
1471
+ automatic system ุจุฏู„ ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู…ู†
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:24,120 --> 00:31:33,080
1475
+ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูˆูŠู„ุฒ ู‡ุงุฌุชู†ุงู‡ุง each with different number
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:33,080 --> 00:31:37,360
1479
+ of teeth CVT uses a special mechanism to
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:37,360 --> 00:31:41,080
1483
+ continuously and progressively adjust the gear
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:41,080 --> 00:31:47,160
1487
+ ratio between the input and output shaft
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:50,130 --> 00:31:53,530
1491
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ shafts Therefore, as the vehicle
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:53,530 --> 00:31:57,310
1495
+ accelerates or decelerates, continual adjustments
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:57,310 --> 00:32:01,690
1499
+ are made to the transmission automatically. This
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:32:01,690 --> 00:32:05,750
1503
+ allows the engine to be maintained at a constant
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:32:05,750 --> 00:32:10,710
1507
+ speed for optimal power and fuel efficiency while
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:32:10,710 --> 00:32:15,710
1511
+ the system is able to continuously drive to the
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:32:15,710 --> 00:32:23,080
1515
+ vehicle's wheels, transmit drive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ูู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:23,080 --> 00:32:28,040
1519
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:28,040 --> 00:32:31,600
1523
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ูƒูŠู ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ ุฅุฐุง
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:31,600 --> 00:32:35,980
1527
+ ุฃู†ุช ูู‡ู…ุช ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ููŠ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:35,980 --> 00:32:40,860
1531
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ driver ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ follower ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:40,860 --> 00:32:44,900
1535
+ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง idler ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ุง shaft ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ุง shaft
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:44,900 --> 00:32:50,300
1539
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ transmit the drive ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ driver ู„ู…ู†ุŸ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:50,300 --> 00:32:55,420
1543
+ ู„ู„ follower ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ ratio ุงู„
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:55,420 --> 00:33:00,780
1547
+ gear ratio ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฏุฏ ู„ูŠ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… higher
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:33:00,780 --> 00:33:05,460
1551
+ gear ูˆู„ุง lower gearุŒ ุธู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:33:05,460 --> 00:33:10,300
1555
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ุฎุตู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู…
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:10,300 --> 00:33:15,260
1559
+ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุฃุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ gear
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:33:15,260 --> 00:33:19,780
1563
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง gears are used to
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:33:19,780 --> 00:33:22,540
1567
+ transmit drive through the angleุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:22,540 --> 00:33:30,440
1571
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุตุญุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุงุŸ bevel ูˆ worm ูˆ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:33:30,440 --> 00:33:37,800
1575
+ crownุŒ ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุทูŠุจ gears run
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:42,880
1579
+ more quietly than spur gearsุŒ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู‡ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:47,320
1583
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:47,320 --> 00:33:51,100
1587
+ gears can generally only transmit drive in one
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:51,100 --> 00:33:56,780
1591
+ directionุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุงู„ worm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:33:56,780 --> 00:34:01,150
1595
+ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุทูŠุจ gears allow drivers and followers to
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:01,150 --> 00:34:05,570
1599
+ revolve in the same directionุŸ ุงู„ idler ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:05,570 --> 00:34:11,570
1603
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุตุนุจุงุชุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู‡ุงุฏุฑุฉ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:34:11,570 --> 00:34:15,810
1607
+ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุฒุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆุฃู†ุช ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:34:15,810 --> 00:34:22,450
1611
+ ุฑุงุฌุนูŠู‡ ุจุชุดุจูƒ ู…ุนุงูƒ ูˆุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ุงุชูุถู„ูŠ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:28,120 --> 00:34:34,360
1615
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ quiz ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆุดุŒ ู…ุด ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:40,560
1619
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุŒ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ููŠ ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:34:40,560 --> 00:34:44,340
1623
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฌู‡ุฒู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:34:44,340 --> 00:34:49,080
1627
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู†
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:55,050
1631
+ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ูุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ transmission system ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:34:55,050 --> 00:35:00,670
1635
+ gear system ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:00,670 --> 00:35:07,630
1639
+ components of the systemุŒ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ driver ูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:07,630 --> 00:35:13,710
1643
+ ุงู„ follower ูˆ ุงู„ idler ูˆ ุงู„ ratio ูˆ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:13,710 --> 00:35:19,510
1647
+ ุงู„ types of gears ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบุทูŠู†ุงู‡ู…ุŒ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
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PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/x5vJt_R3Q6A_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1924 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:29,870
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ูƒูŠู
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:29,870 --> 00:00:37,970
7
+ ุชุฌู‡ุฒ ู…ู‡ุงุฑุชูƒ ุจูˆุฑุจูˆูŠู†ุช ูˆูƒูŠู ุชุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆู‚ุชูƒ ูˆูƒูŠู ุชู‚ูˆู…
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:37,970 --> 00:00:44,110
11
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ู…ู‡ุงุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุถุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠุญ ุชุจุนุงุชูƒุŒ ูƒูŠู
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:44,110 --> 00:00:52,100
15
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุถุฑ ุญุงู„ูƒ ู„ู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุชุนู…ู„ ูˆุฅูŠุด ู…ุงุชุนู…ู„ูŠุดูƒูŠู
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:52,100 --> 00:00:56,680
19
+ ุจุฏูƒ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุทู„ ุงู„ presentationุŒ ุฃูŠุด ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒุŸ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:56,680 --> 00:01:00,700
23
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู… .. ุญุชู‰
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:01:00,700 --> 00:01:07,340
27
+ ูˆู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ู… ุฒู…ุงูŠู„ูƒู… ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ nervousุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูˆ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:07,340 --> 00:01:11,060
31
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุชูˆุชุฑ .. ุชูˆุชุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุŒ ุงู„ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:11,060 --> 00:01:15,640
35
+ ุจู†ุณุงุนุฏูƒู…ุŒ ุจู†ุนู„ู…ูƒู… ูƒูŠู ุชุชู‚ู„ุจูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุงุกุŒ ู…ู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:15,640 --> 00:01:20,540
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+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุงoutlines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ slide
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+
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+ 11
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+ 00:01:20,540 --> 00:01:25,360
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+ structure ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌู‡ุฒ slides fonts, colors,
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+ 00:01:25,540 --> 00:01:28,600
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+ background, graphs ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุฏุฎู„ ุจุงู„ structure
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+ 00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:32,760
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+ ู„ุฅู† ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุชุนุจุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ุดูŠ
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+ 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:37,360
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+ ูˆู…ุงุญุฏุด ุดุงูŠูู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุนูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงู‚ู‡
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+ 15
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+ 00:01:37,360 --> 00:01:42,520
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+ ู…ู†ูƒ ูุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูุน ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุฏุงุนูŠ ููŠ ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ
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+ 16
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+ 00:01:42,520 --> 00:01:46,990
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+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุฅู…ู„ุงุฆูŠุฉูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„
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+ 00:01:46,990 --> 00:01:51,750
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+ conclusion ูƒูŠู ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŸ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ
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+ 18
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+ 00:01:51,750 --> 00:01:58,510
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+ ุณุฃู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชูุฌุฃุด .. ู…ู…ูƒู† ..
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+ 19
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+ 00:01:58,510 --> 00:02:04,990
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+ ุงู„ุชุญุถุฑุงุช prepare for your presentation ูƒูŠู ุชุณูˆูŠุŸ
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+ 00:02:04,990 --> 00:02:11,480
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+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงุนุฑู ู…ูŠู† ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูƒู„ูŠุดุŸ ุชู„ุช ุงุฑุจุงุน
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+ 21
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+ 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:14,940
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+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุก ุฏู‡ ุงู†ุง ุนุฑูุช ู…ูŠู† ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠ ุจุนุฑู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„
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+ 00:02:14,940 --> 00:02:21,760
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+ ู…ุนุงู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุฃุนุทูŠู‡ุŒ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุชุชุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุชุจุนูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
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+ 23
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+ 00:02:21,760 --> 00:02:22,440
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+ presentation
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+
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+ 24
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+ 00:02:26,140 --> 00:02:29,660
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+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชู…ุฑู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ presentation ุฅูŠุด ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู†ุŸ
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+
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+ 25
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+ 00:02:29,660 --> 00:02:33,480
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+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ู…ุงุชุนู…ู„ู‡ูˆุดุŸ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ
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+
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+ 26
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+ 00:02:33,480 --> 00:02:37,780
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+ ุงู„ presentationุŸ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูู‰ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุชู„ุจุณูŠุŸ ูƒูŠู ู†ุบู…ุท
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+ 27
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+ 00:02:37,780 --> 00:02:42,860
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+ ุตูˆุชูƒุŸ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠู† ุชุจุนุงุชูƒ ูƒูŠู ูŠุทู„ุนู†ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชุฌูู‰
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+ 28
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+ 00:02:42,860 --> 00:02:50,980
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+ ุดุงูŠูุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ู…ุด ุดุงูŠูุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุญุฏุง ุทูŠุจ
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+
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+ 29
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+ 00:02:55,520 --> 00:03:00,280
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+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ presentation ุดุบู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชุญุจ
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+ 30
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+ 00:03:00,280 --> 00:03:06,460
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+ ุชูƒุฑุฑู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจุชููƒุฑูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ุดุงู† ุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠุŒ
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+ 31
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+ 00:03:06,460 --> 00:03:10,060
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+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ presentation ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุชุชูƒุฑูŠู‡ู… ุงู†ุช ุนู„ุดุงู†
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+ 32
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+ 00:03:10,060 --> 00:03:16,130
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+ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠุŒ ูˆ ุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ presentation ุงู†ุช ุนู„ุดุงู† ุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠููŠ
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+ 00:03:16,130 --> 00:03:20,590
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+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ุงู†ุง ุจุถู„ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจุถู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠู†ูŠ
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+ 34
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+ 00:03:20,590 --> 00:03:24,090
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+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงูŠุดุŒ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุงุชุŒ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ presentation
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+ 35
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+ 00:03:24,090 --> 00:03:27,390
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+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ููŠ ุขุฎุฑู‡ุง
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+
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+ 36
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+ 00:03:27,390 --> 00:03:31,690
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+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒุงุŒ ูุจุธู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจุชุนู„ู‚
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+ 37
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+ 00:03:31,690 --> 00:03:37,990
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+ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุนุฏูŠู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
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+
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+ 38
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+ 00:03:37,990 --> 00:03:43,220
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+ ูƒุงููŠุŒ ู‡ุงุช ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ูููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด
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+
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+ 39
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+ 00:03:43,220 --> 00:03:46,160
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+ outline ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูุชูˆู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
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+
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+ 40
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+ 00:03:46,160 --> 00:03:50,620
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+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง slide ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆููŠ slide ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ
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+ 41
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+ 00:03:50,620 --> 00:03:54,840
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+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุงุณุงู…ูŠูƒู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู†
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+ 42
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+ 00:03:54,840 --> 00:03:57,720
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+ follow the order of your outline for the rest of
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+ 43
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+ 00:03:57,720 --> 00:04:00,320
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+ the presentation ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ
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+
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+ 44
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+ 00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:05,880
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+ ุชุบุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู…ุดูŠ ุญุณุจ ู…ุญุทุชูŠู‡ ู…ุด ุชุตูŠุฑ ุฌุงู…ุจูƒ ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ
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+ 45
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+ 00:04:05,880 --> 00:04:10,400
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+ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงonly place main points in the outline
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+ 46
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+ 00:04:10,400 --> 00:04:15,660
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+ slide ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุชุฎู„ูŠุด ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุบุทูŠู‡ุง
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+
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+ 47
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+ 00:04:15,660 --> 00:04:21,260
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+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
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+
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+ 48
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+ 00:04:21,260 --> 00:04:26,060
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+ ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชู„ุช ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉ
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+
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+ 49
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+ 00:04:26,060 --> 00:04:31,640
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+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ outline ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงูˆ
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+ 50
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+ 00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:35,260
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+ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ contents ุงู„ outline ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠูุฉ
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+
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+ 51
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+ 00:04:35,260 --> 00:04:42,850
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+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎููŠูุฉูˆ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง slide
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+
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+ 52
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+ 00:04:42,850 --> 00:04:47,910
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+ structure ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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+
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+ 53
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+ 00:04:47,910 --> 00:04:52,810
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+ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ูƒุงู… slides ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจุนุถ
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+ 54
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+ 00:04:52,810 --> 00:04:57,150
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+ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุฌุด ูŠุฌู„ุจ slides ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู„ุณู‡
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+
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+ 55
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+ 00:04:57,150 --> 00:05:01,030
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+ ุฃุจู‚ูˆุง ุฌุฏุงุฏ ู…ุงุดูˆูุชูˆุด ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู… ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณ
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+
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+ 56
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+ 00:05:01,030 --> 00:05:05,890
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+ ุดุบุงู„ ูŠุฌู„ุจ slides ูุจูŠุจุทู„ ุญุฏุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
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+ 57
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+ 00:05:05,890 --> 00:05:11,730
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+ ุงู„ุงุดุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจูŠุญุจู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠุฏู„ ุบุทูŠุช ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงุฏู„
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+ 58
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+ 00:05:11,730 --> 00:05:15,930
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+ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ูƒู‡ ู‡ุงุฏู„ ู„ุฃ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุจู†ุฎุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ
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+ 59
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+ 00:05:15,930 --> 00:05:20,350
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+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทูŠุจ ุจุณ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุช
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+
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+ 60
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+ 00:05:20,350 --> 00:05:25,650
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+ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ูุงู†ุช ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ slides ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
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+ 00:05:25,650 --> 00:05:31,430
243
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ูƒู„ slide ุจุชุญุณ ุจุญุณุงุจูƒ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุทูŠุจ write
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:31,430 --> 00:05:36,190
247
+ in points form ู…ุง ุชูƒุชุจูŠุด ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุทู„ุน ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:36,190 --> 00:05:41,080
251
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ slidesุงุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ููˆู†ุช ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:41,080 --> 00:05:46,820
255
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงุถุญ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุนุฏูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠุด
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:46,820 --> 00:05:51,560
259
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ wordiness ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ู„ูˆ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:51,560 --> 00:05:56,700
263
+ ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„ slide ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุฌุจูƒู…ุŸ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:56,700 --> 00:06:01,680
267
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ุŸ ุงู„ุญุฏ ุจุชุดูˆู ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู…ุถ ุนู†ูƒ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:04,290 --> 00:06:08,450
271
+ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง examples ุงู„ example ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุญุฏุด
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:08,450 --> 00:06:12,670
275
+ ุจูŠุญุจู‡ุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ example ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุŒ ุชุญุณูˆุง ุญุงู„ูƒู…
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:12,670 --> 00:06:17,390
279
+ ู…ุฑุชุญูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุทูŠุจุŒ issue
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:17,390 --> 00:06:24,990
283
+ ูƒู…ุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุญุจ ุชุจูŠู† ุณุทุฑ ุณุทุฑุŒ ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุชุฑู… ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆูƒ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:24,990 --> 00:06:29,850
287
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ุจูŠุตู„ุงุน ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูƒ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:29,850 --> 00:06:34,150
291
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุจู†ุฒู‡ุฌุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠูƒูˆุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:34,150 --> 00:06:38,070
295
+ ุชุฌุฑุจุชู†ุง ูƒู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุจุญุจุด ุดูˆู ุงู„ slide cameraุŒ ู…ุตุจูˆุท ุงู…
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:38,070 --> 00:06:42,420
299
+ ู„ุงุŸุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชุฑู…ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง .. ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชุฑู…ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:42,420 --> 00:06:47,080
303
+ .. ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุจ ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุจุนุฏูŠู† .. ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:47,080 --> 00:06:51,600
307
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุฑ .. ู…ุงุญุจุด ูŠุฏู‚ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑุฉ ..
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:51,600 --> 00:06:54,640
311
+ ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุชุฑู…ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุฑุฉ .. ุงู†ุช ุญุฑูŠู† .. ุงูŠุด
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:54,640 --> 00:06:57,540
315
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุชุงุฑูˆู‡ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ .. ุฅุฐุง ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูƒ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ..
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:57,540 --> 00:07:02,180
319
+ ุจูŠุธุจุทุด .. ุจูŠุณุญู‚ูˆุง .. ุฅุฐุง ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูƒ ุจุฑุง .. ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:02,180 --> 00:07:02,720
323
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ..
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:06,190 --> 00:07:10,830
327
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุด ู‡ุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠุฌุฑู‰ ู„ุฌุฏุงู… ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:10,830 --> 00:07:16,630
331
+ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง ูŠุฌุฑูˆุง ุฌุฏุงู… ุทูŠุจ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:16,630 --> 00:07:25,130
335
+ ุงู„ bad structure do not use distraction animation
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:25,130 --> 00:07:29,010
339
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู†ุช ุจุชุญุทู‡ ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชุญุท
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:29,010 --> 00:07:35,140
343
+ animation ุจุฒุนุฌ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงูŠุนู†ูŠ go overboard with
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:35,140 --> 00:07:39,020
347
+ animation ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆู…ุงู‡ุงุฑุง ูˆุดุงูŠูู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:39,020 --> 00:07:45,220
351
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ููŠู‡ุง ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฏูŠ ุงุญุทู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ุฒุจุทุช ูˆู„ุง ู…ุฒุจุทุชุดุŸ be
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:45,220 --> 00:07:49,140
355
+ consistent with animation that you use ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:49,140 --> 00:07:53,600
359
+ ุงู†ุช ุญุทูŠุช ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุงุชุฏุฑูƒูŠุด ุชู†ูˆุนูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ููŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:53,600 --> 00:07:58,640
363
+ style ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุญุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูƒ styleุŒ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:58,640 --> 00:08:05,070
367
+ ู…ุงุชู†ูˆุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุญุท ุญุงุฌุงุช ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:05,070 --> 00:08:09,350
371
+ ููŠ ุงู„ slide ุณุงุจุน ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู†ุช ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ู†ุงุณ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:09,350 --> 00:08:12,690
375
+ ููŠ .. ุงูˆู„ .. ุงูˆู„ ู…ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ slide ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู†ู‡ุฌุฑ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:12,690 --> 00:08:16,730
379
+ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุทุงูŠุฑุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:16,730 --> 00:08:19,990
383
+ animation ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชุญุจู‡ุงุด ุงุญู†ุง ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู…ุท ูˆุงุญุฏ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:19,990 --> 00:08:24,090
387
+ ุงูŠูˆุฉ .. ู„ู…ุง ุญุฏุช ุฏุฎู„ูŠ .. ุฏุฎู„ูŠ ู†ู…ุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:24,090 --> 00:08:28,910
391
+ ุชุณูˆูŠุงู„ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุดูƒู„ุช ุงู†ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:28,910 --> 00:08:34,550
395
+ ุจุญุจุด ุงู„ animation ุฏู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุงุงู„ู€ fonts at least 18
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:34,550 --> 00:08:37,470
399
+ points ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠูƒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:37,470 --> 00:08:45,230
403
+ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฌุฑูˆุง ู…ุด ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุฏู‡ ู…ุฏูˆุฑ ู„ degree use different
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:45,230 --> 00:08:48,450
407
+ font sizes for main points and secondary points
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:48,450 --> 00:08:52,550
411
+ ุงู†ุช ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฌู‡ุฒู„ูƒูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชุญุทูŠ secondary point
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:52,550 --> 00:09:01,030
415
+ ุจุตุบุฑ ุงู„ font ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุชุญุทูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:01,030 --> 00:09:05,970
419
+ ุฎุทูˆุท ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจุนุฑู ูŠู‚ุฑุงู‡ุงุŒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุท ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุญู„ูˆ ูˆ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:05,970 --> 00:09:13,110
423
+ ุจุชุญุทูŠู„ู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ู…ู† ุถู„ุงู„ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ shadesุŒ ุจุณ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:13,110 --> 00:09:17,130
427
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ู†ู‚ุฑุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู†ูŠุŒ ูุงู†ุช ุฎู„ูŠู‡
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:17,130 --> 00:09:23,320
431
+ ู…ู‚ุฑูˆู‚ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุนูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡bad font size
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:23,320 --> 00:09:27,880
435
+ ุดุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุญุฌู… ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ capital
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:27,880 --> 00:09:36,560
439
+ capital ู…ุฒุนุฌ bold ู…ุฒุนุฌ ูุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:36,560 --> 00:09:43,080
443
+ ู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ good colors ู…ุง ุชู„ูˆู†ูŠุด ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:43,080 --> 00:09:52,000
447
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุจูŠุถุฉุนุงู„ูˆู† ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุฃูˆ ุฃุณูˆุฏ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ..
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:55,960
451
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ูุทูŠุท ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู‡ุชุดูˆููŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูุฏุงูŠู…ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:55,960 --> 00:10:00,040
455
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ู…ุงุชุทู„ุนูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุงู„ computer
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:00,040 --> 00:10:03,220
459
+ ุดุงุดุฉ ุงู„ computer ู„ุฃู† ุฃุญูŠุงู† .. ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุดุงุดุฉ ุงู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:03,220 --> 00:10:07,260
463
+ computer ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠู‡ุŸ ุฃุญูŠุงู† misguide you ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:07,260 --> 00:10:11,740
467
+ ุจุชุณูˆูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุบุฑุฑ ููŠูƒูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุนุฑุถ ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:11,740 --> 00:10:17,370
471
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ ุงู„ LCD ู…ุด ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุดุงุดุฉ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:17,370 --> 00:10:24,670
475
+ ุงู„ computerุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:24,670 --> 00:10:30,490
479
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุจุณ ุญุฏ .. ุญุฏ ู…ุจุณูˆุท
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:30,490 --> 00:10:33,850
483
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:40,800 --> 00:10:48,960
487
+ ูุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ู…ู†ุชุธุจุฉ ุจุชุญุณ ููŠ ุฅุฒุนุงุฌ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:48,960 --> 00:10:52,400
491
+ ุงู„ good use background such as this ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:52,400 --> 00:10:56,800
495
+ background ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:56,800 --> 00:11:01,000
499
+ dark ุนู„ู‰ light, light ุนู„ู‰ dark ุจุธุจุท ุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐู‡
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:06,070 --> 00:11:10,790
503
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ุจุณูˆุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:10,790 --> 00:11:15,450
507
+ ุญุงุทูŠุชู„ูƒ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุดุนุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:15,450 --> 00:11:20,110
511
+ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ุจุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ูู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:20,110 --> 00:11:23,890
515
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:23,890 --> 00:11:26,150
519
+ ุตูˆุงุชุŒ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:29,850 --> 00:11:34,550
523
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ู…ุจุณูˆุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุจุณ ุนู†ุฏ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุชุจู‚ู‰
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:34,550 --> 00:11:39,570
527
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุทูŠุจ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:39,570 --> 00:11:44,610
531
+ ุงู„ graph .. use graph rather than chart or word ..
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:44,610 --> 00:11:50,890
535
+ words ุฃูˆ equation ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ graphs ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:50,890 --> 00:11:56,070
539
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฏู‡ ุชุญุทูŠ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชุญุทูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฌุฏูˆู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:56,070 --> 00:12:02,150
543
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุชุฑุชุงุญ ู„ู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุจุชุฑุชุงุญ ู„ู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:02,150 --> 00:12:07,550
547
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ pad ุฌุฏูˆู„ .. ุทุจ ู…ูŠู† ุจุชุทู„ุน
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:07,550 --> 00:12:11,130
551
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุญุฏุด ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน .. ุทุจ ูŠู„ุง ุฃู‚ู„ุจ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:11,130 --> 00:12:17,590
555
+ ุจุชุดูˆู ุงูŠุด .. ุจุชุดูˆู ุฃูŠุด ุจุชุนู†ูŠ .. ุจุณ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ..
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:17,590 --> 00:12:25,770
559
+ ุญูุธ ุญุทู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ .. ุตุงุฑุช ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ .. ุทูŠุจ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:27,160 --> 00:12:30,900
563
+ minor, a great line, unnecessary, full to small,
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:34,420
567
+ colors illogic or illogical, title is missing,
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:34,540 --> 00:12:39,540
571
+ shading is distraction ู‡ุฐ ุนูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:39,540 --> 00:12:44,140
575
+ ุทูŠุจ spelling ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุจุตู„ูŠุญ ู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:44,140 --> 00:12:49,840
579
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูŠ ุฅุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุชุญุชู‡
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:49,840 --> 00:12:55,460
583
+ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู…ุงุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ุงุด ุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู†ุฏูƒููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:55,460 --> 00:13:00,440
587
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ powerpoint ุฎู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:00,440 --> 00:13:07,300
591
+ simple ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุจุชุนูƒุณ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:07,300 --> 00:13:12,560
595
+ ุจุฃู„ูˆุงู† ูุงุชุญุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุบุงู…ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ุจุฃู„ูˆุงู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:12,560 --> 00:13:17,680
599
+ ุบุงู…ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ูุงุชุญุฉ ุงุนู…ู„ ุชู†ุงุณู‚ ู„ู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:17,680 --> 00:13:24,240
603
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฎู„ุตุชุงู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:35,120
607
+ presentation ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ presentation ุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุฃู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:41,720
611
+ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ุช ุดูˆู ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒูŠู‡
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:41,720 --> 00:13:46,080
615
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ .. ุจุชุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ ูŠุณู…ุน ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:46,080 --> 00:13:49,920
619
+ ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ูƒูŠุดุฉ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒูŠูƒ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:49,920 --> 00:13:53,860
623
+ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจู‚ุนุฏ ุฃู†ุง ูˆูŠุงูƒู… ุจู†ู†ุงู‚ุด
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:53,860 --> 00:13:57,920
627
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:57,920 --> 00:14:01,660
631
+ .. ุงุญู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงุณุชู‚ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุดุงู† .. ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ู„ูˆ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:01,660 --> 00:14:06,020
635
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุถุงู„ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุฒุนุฌ ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:06,020 --> 00:14:10,140
639
+ ุจุชู†ุฒุนุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจุชู†ุฒุนุฌ ู…ู†ูƒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู‚ุนุฏุช ุชุฌุงู„ุฌ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:10,140 --> 00:14:14,820
643
+ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชู†ุฒุนุฌ ู…ู†ูƒ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:14,820 --> 00:14:20,810
647
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูุงู†ุช ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุฎู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุชุฒู†ู‡ ูˆ ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒุนุฌูŠุด
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:20,810 --> 00:14:27,910
651
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุณู…ุญ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู† ุทุจ ุงู†ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:27,910 --> 00:14:32,550
655
+ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุญุถุฑ ุญุงู„ูƒ ู„ presentation ุงูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุนุฑููŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:32,550 --> 00:14:37,590
659
+ ู…ูŠู† ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูƒ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุงูŠุด ู‡ู… ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:37,590 --> 00:14:42,150
663
+ ุนุงู… ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุนุงู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุจูŠู‡
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:42,150 --> 00:14:45,430
667
+ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ุชุฎุตุต ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุฌูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุญุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุนู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:45,430 --> 00:14:50,250
671
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฃู†ุฏุณูŠุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุนุงู‡ู…ุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ููŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:50,250 --> 00:14:53,470
675
+ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ุฃุจูŠุถ ูŠูˆู„ุฏ ุญุงุฌุจู‡ุŒ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:53,470 --> 00:14:57,830
679
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ููƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃุจูŠุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ู… ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนุงู…ุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:57,830 --> 00:15:02,750
683
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุจุชุชุนุทูŠ ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:02,750 --> 00:15:07,830
687
+ ู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุฎุจูŠุฑุŒ ุจุฌูŠุด ุฃูƒูˆู† ุฃุดุฑุญ ู„ู‡ู… ูƒู„ ุจุณูŠุทุŒ ู‡ู… ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:07,830 --> 00:15:12,510
691
+ ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ูุจู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃูˆุตู„ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:12,510 --> 00:15:15,370
695
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ Solve ุงู„ุชุฎุตุต ุงู„ูˆ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุดุฑุญ ููŠู‡ุง ู ุงู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:15,370 --> 00:15:20,370
699
+ structure ุชุจุน ุงู„ presentation ุชุจุนุชูŠ ุจุฎุชู„ู ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:20,370 --> 00:15:24,490
703
+ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงุณ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง lay audience ุฃูˆ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:24,490 --> 00:15:28,370
707
+ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ technical audience ุฃูˆ very specific
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:28,370 --> 00:15:33,070
711
+ technical audience ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุชุฎุตุตูŠู†ุดูƒู„
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:33,070 --> 00:15:38,270
715
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู†
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:38,270 --> 00:15:42,970
719
+ 80% ู…ู† ุงู„ representation ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠุงุช 20%
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:42,970 --> 00:15:47,830
723
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฎุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุฎุต ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:47,830 --> 00:15:55,050
727
+ ููŠ ุงู„ technical general technical ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† 60% ู„ 50%
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:55,050 --> 00:15:58,870
731
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…ูŠุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฎุตูŠุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ very
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:58,870 --> 00:16:05,320
735
+ technical80% ููŠ ุตู„ุจุฉ ุงู„ุชุฎุตุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:05,320 --> 00:16:09,820
739
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ very technical ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:09,820 --> 00:16:13,000
743
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:18,420
747
+ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุงุชุฌูŠุด ู…ุชูุงุฌุฃุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:18,420 --> 00:16:23,620
751
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ flash ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุดุบุงู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุจุฏูƒ ุชุจู‚ู‰
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:23,620 --> 00:16:28,700
755
+ ุฌุงู‰ .. ุฌุงู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆ ุชุนุฑููŠ ูƒู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:28,700 --> 00:16:32,100
759
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนุฑููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:32,100 --> 00:16:35,580
763
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ presentation ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู‚ู ู‡ุงู† ูˆ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:35,580 --> 00:16:40,220
767
+ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฃูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนุณุงุณ ุงู†ุช ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:40,220 --> 00:16:43,440
771
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ presentation ุงู†ุช familiar
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:50,440
775
+ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุงูุชุญ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ opening ูƒูŠู
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:50,440 --> 00:16:57,370
779
+ ุชุจุฏุฃุŸู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฃู† ูƒูŠู ุงุชุฏุจุฏุฃ ูŠุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:57,370 --> 00:17:01,990
783
+ ุฅู…ุง ุจู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุชุจุนูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุดุชุงู‚ ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุณู…ุน ู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:01,990 --> 00:17:12,390
787
+ ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ู‡ุชุจุชุณูŠ ูŠููƒุฑ ูˆ ูˆู‚ุชุด ูŠุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:12,390 --> 00:17:16,730
791
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ presentation ู‡ุงูŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:16,730 --> 00:17:18,930
795
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุฏุฑุจูŠ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:20,340 --> 00:17:23,160
799
+ ุญุงุฌุงุช .. ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุนู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุด
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:23,160 --> 00:17:27,460
803
+ ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:27,460 --> 00:17:34,560
807
+ ู…ุงุชุนู…ู„ูˆุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูŠุจ who are your audienceุŸ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุฏู‘ูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:38,500
811
+ ุฏูŠ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู… ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุณู†ุฉ ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:38,500 --> 00:17:42,560
815
+ ู‡ูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนุฑู ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู…
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:43,280 --> 00:17:46,440
819
+ what do they know they have in commonุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:50,140
823
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉุŸ ููŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ูˆู„ุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:50,140 --> 00:17:57,640
827
+ ู…ุงููŠุดุŸ why will they be thereุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ู… ุฌุงูŠูŠู†ุŸู‡ุฐู‡
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:57,640 --> 00:18:01,780
831
+ ุฌุงูˆุจุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจุฏูŠูƒ ุชุญุทูŠู‡ุง ู„ุฒูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ how much
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:01,780 --> 00:18:05,500
835
+ do they already know about my subjectุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:05,500 --> 00:18:09,120
839
+ ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูƒุฏู‡ ุญุฌู… ู‡ุฐุง
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:09,120 --> 00:18:13,620
843
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉุŸ how much do they want to knowุŸ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:13,620 --> 00:18:22,140
847
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ู… ุญุงุจูŠู† ูŠุนุฑููˆุงุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณูˆูŠู‡ุงwhat is
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:22,140 --> 00:18:25,920
851
+ their level of understandingุŸ ูƒุฏู‡ุด ู…ุณุชูˆุงู‡ู…ุŸ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู…
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:25,920 --> 00:18:30,220
855
+ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ technical ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุจุณ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:30,220 --> 00:18:35,460
859
+ ูŠุฏูˆุจูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญุŸwhat is their attitudeุŸ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู…
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:35,460 --> 00:18:43,240
863
+ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุตุฏูŠู‚ุŸ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู… hostileุŸ ู…ุนุงุฏูŠุŸ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู… .. ู…ุด
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:43,240 --> 00:18:48,600
867
+ ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุŸ ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนุฑููŠ ู‡ุฏ .. ู‡ุฏ .. ุตู†ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฏ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:48,600 --> 00:18:53,340
871
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ hostile ู…ุนุงุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุณ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:53,340 --> 00:18:58,620
875
+ ุจุฏู‡ ู†ูƒุดู ูˆููŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุจุชุญุจู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ูˆ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:58,620 --> 00:19:03,260
879
+ ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุจูŠุจุชุณู… ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ูุงุฑู‚ ุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฏู‡
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:03,260 --> 00:19:07,940
883
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุญู‡ุง ุฌูˆุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ููŠู‡ ู…ุซู„ูƒูŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:07,940 --> 00:19:15,600
887
+ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ opening .. your
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:15,600 --> 00:19:18,980
891
+ opening is the most important part of the speech
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:18,980 --> 00:19:21,720
895
+ it should catch the interest of your audience
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:25,890
899
+ stimulate their ..their curiosity and impress them
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:25,890 --> 00:19:31,470
903
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† .. ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ููŠูƒูˆุง ุญุฏ ุจุชูุฑุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุฌูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:31,470 --> 00:19:35,970
907
+ ูŠุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุงุŒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง press conferenceุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:35,970 --> 00:19:40,490
911
+ ูŠุนุทูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉุŒ ููŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูƒุงู† ู…ู„ูˆูƒ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:40,490 --> 00:19:45,690
915
+ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุงุดูŠ ุนููˆูŠุŒ ูƒู„ ุงุดูŠ ุจุชุฏุฑุจูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:45,690 --> 00:19:49,530
919
+ ูุฃูˆู„ ู…ุงูŠุฌูŠ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุจู‚ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:49,530 --> 00:19:54,740
923
+ ููŠ ุฌุจูˆุฑู‡ ุชุจุนู‡ุŸ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ู… ู…ุฑุชุงุญุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ .. ู„ู…ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:54,740 --> 00:19:59,600
927
+ ุชุฏุฑุณ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุนุทูŠูƒ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุจุช .. ุจุชุฑุฎุฎ ู‡ูŠูƒ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:59,600 --> 00:20:04,240
931
+ ูˆ ุจุชูุถุญ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุญุณ ุญุงู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฌูˆ ู…ุฃู„ูˆู… ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:04,240 --> 00:20:08,500
935
+ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุจูŠุช ุดุนุฑุŒ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุญุฏูŠุซ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:08,500 --> 00:20:13,500
939
+ ุดุฑูŠูุŒ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุขูŠุฉ ู‚ุฑุขู†ูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุณุชุดู‡ุฏ ููŠ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:13,500 --> 00:20:18,200
943
+ ู‚ูˆู„ุฉ ุญุฏุง ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ู‚ุตุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:22,900
947
+ ุจุณ ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุนุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุจุฑุฉูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:22,900 --> 00:20:29,060
951
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุชุทุฑุน ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ุชุณุงุคู„ุงุชุŒ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:29,060 --> 00:20:34,040
955
+ ุชุดูˆู ูŠู…ูƒู† ูุตู„ ู‚ุงุณู… ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ุฃูˆู„
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:34,040 --> 00:20:38,820
959
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุฅูŠุด ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุจุดุฉ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุทุฑู‚
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:38,820 --> 00:20:45,680
963
+ ู„ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ุช ุชุฌุฏ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุชุจุนูƒ ููƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุดูˆู
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:45,680 --> 00:20:51,040
967
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงุชู†ุงุณุจ ุดุฎุตูŠุชู‡ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุงุณุจ ุดุฎุตูŠุชูƒุŒ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:51,040 --> 00:20:55,040
971
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุญุณ ุญุงู„ูƒ ู…ุฑุชุงุญุฉ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:55,040 --> 00:20:59,060
975
+ ุจุชุนุฑุถ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ presentation ู…ู†
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:59,060 --> 00:21:03,220
979
+ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆ ู†ุตูุŒ ุฏุจู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุณูˆุงุกุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนู…ู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:03,220 --> 00:21:08,100
983
+ curiosityุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจ .. ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:08,100 --> 00:21:11,980
987
+ ู…ุดุชุงู‚ ุฃู† ูŠุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ ูˆุฑุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:18,620 --> 00:21:22,080
991
+ ุงู„ quotation ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ stalker event
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:26,920
995
+ reference from literature ุทูŠุจ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:26,920 --> 00:21:31,800
999
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุชุฌุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ presentationุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃุตุนุจ ุงุดูŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:37,290
1003
+ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ู„ู„ presentationุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:37,290 --> 00:21:41,530
1007
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ู…ุชูˆุชุฑุฉุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ุฃุดุฏุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:41,530 --> 00:21:45,370
1011
+ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุชุญุงุถูŠุฑุŒ ุชุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจู†ุชูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:45,370 --> 00:21:49,270
1015
+ ููŠ ุตู ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฅุฏุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุจุฑูˆุญูŠุŒ ู…ุง ุณูƒุชู†ุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:49,270 --> 00:21:54,150
1019
+ ู…ุง ุงุณูƒุชู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุฃ ุชู…ุนุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏุฌู‰ุŒ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏุฌูˆ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:54,150 --> 00:21:59,780
1023
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑููˆู† ูˆู…ุงุณูƒุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุชุฌุฑุจูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงุฑุญุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:59,780 --> 00:22:02,740
1027
+ ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู… ุจุชุฌุฑุจูˆุง ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุตูˆุช ูˆ ุชุณู…ุนูˆุงุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ุดุงุก
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:02,740 --> 00:22:09,060
1031
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ูู†ุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏ ุฃู†ุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒุŒ ุงู„ุงุจู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:09,060 --> 00:22:14,820
1035
+ ุจูŠู‡ ุฒูŠูƒุŒ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููƒุฑ ุญุงู„ู‡
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:14,820 --> 00:22:19,520
1039
+ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:19,520 --> 00:22:22,920
1043
+ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุฏุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ presentation ุงูŠู‚ู
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:22,920 --> 00:22:27,820
1047
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุงุŒ ุงูŠู‚ู
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:27,820 --> 00:22:32,560
1051
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุง ูˆุฌุฑุจูŠุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุฌูŠุจ ุงุฎูˆุงุชูƒ ูˆ ุฌู…ุนูŠู‡ู…
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:33,810 --> 00:22:38,890
1055
+ ุชุญุจุช ุญู„ูˆุฉ ุจุณูƒูˆุชุฉ ุจุงู„ู‡ุงู„ ุจุชุฌูŠุจ .. ุจุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ ู‚ุจู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:38,890 --> 00:22:42,250
1059
+ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุงู„ู‡ุงู„ ุจุชุฌูŠุจ ุฒู…ูŠู„ุงุชูƒ ููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุงุช ูˆ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:42,250 --> 00:22:47,330
1063
+ ุจุชุฌุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู„ุฅู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุดูŠุก ุฒูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุชุฌุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ุงู„
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:47,330 --> 00:22:51,510
1067
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุชู‚ู ููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุง ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุจุชุดูˆููŠุด ุญุฏ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:51,510 --> 00:22:56,270
1071
+ ุงู†ุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู…ู„ุช presentation ูƒู†ุช ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดุฑุญ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:56,270 --> 00:23:00,810
1075
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูุฅูŠู‡ ุดุฌุนู‡ุŸ ุฌุงุจูˆู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุบูŠุฑ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:00,810 --> 00:23:05,010
1079
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏูˆุง ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุงุชุจุน ุงูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุดุฑุญู‡
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:05,010 --> 00:23:08,930
1083
+ ูˆู‚ุนุฏุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญ ูˆู‚ุนุฏุช ุงุดุฑุญู‡ ุงู†ุง ู…ุจุณูˆุท ุงุญุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:08,930 --> 00:23:13,710
1087
+ ุจุดุฑุญู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ูˆุงู‚ู ุจุดูˆุญ ููŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:13,710 --> 00:23:18,290
1091
+ ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงูŠุฒุทุจุนุง .. ู…ุณุชุบุฑุจุฉุŒ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:18,290 --> 00:23:22,470
1095
+ ุงู†ูƒ ุงู†ุช ุชุจูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ูˆู…ุด ุดุงูŠูู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ู„ุฃู†ูƒ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:22,470 --> 00:23:26,290
1099
+ ุงู†ุช ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด .. ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูŠูƒุŒ ู…ุด ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:26,290 --> 00:23:31,050
1103
+ ุนุฌุจู‡ู…ุŒ ูุงุฌุจ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฎู„ุตุช .. ุทุจุนุง ู…ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:31,050 --> 00:23:34,530
1107
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฑูุนุช ุฅูŠุฏูŠ ูˆู…ุณูˆูŠุด ู…ุงุฑูŠุณูˆ .. ู…ุงุฌูˆุงุจุชู†ูŠุดุŒ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:34,530 --> 00:23:38,380
1111
+ ู…ุด ู…ุงุดูˆูุชุด ุฅูŠุดุŒ ูุงู†ุช ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ู‡ุง ูŠูˆู…ูŠูุฌุงู†ูƒ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงู‚ู
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:38,380 --> 00:23:43,980
1115
+ ุจูŠุดูˆู‘ุญ ูุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุชุจู‡ูŠ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ eye
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:43,980 --> 00:23:48,340
1119
+ contact ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู‚ุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุนู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:48,340 --> 00:23:54,120
1123
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุทู„ุนูŠ ุชุดูˆููŠู† ุญุฏุง friend face ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุณุน
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:54,120 --> 00:24:01,470
1127
+ ุตุงุญุจุงุชูƒ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ..ูุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏุŒ ุทู„ุน ููŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:01,470 --> 00:24:05,250
1131
+ ุงู„ู†ุตุฑุŒ ุทู„ุน ูˆุฑุงู‡ุŒ ุทู„ุน ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูƒุŒ ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:05,250 --> 00:24:10,570
1135
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุญุณูƒ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ุงู†ูƒ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ุŒ ูุงุฑู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:10,570 --> 00:24:15,190
1139
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠ ูˆูƒู„ ูŠุญุณ ุงู†ูƒ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:15,190 --> 00:24:20,590
1143
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠ .. ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ู„ู‡ู… ุนู†ุฏ ุงู†ูƒ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ู„ุญุงู„ูƒุŒ ููŠ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:20,590 --> 00:24:25,410
1147
+ ู†ุงุณ ู…ุถุงู„ู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:26,060 --> 00:24:29,660
1151
+ ูููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุจุณูˆุทูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ู‡ู… ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ู…ุด
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:29,660 --> 00:24:33,780
1155
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุจุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ูˆ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:33,780 --> 00:24:40,720
1159
+ ุจุชุจุทู„ุน ุชุชูƒู„ู… ู ุงู„ eye contact ู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:40,720 --> 00:24:44,740
1163
+ eye contactุŸ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู…ุฏุฑุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุทู„ุงุจูŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:44,740 --> 00:24:50,990
1167
+ ุจุนุฑู ู‡ู… ูˆูŠู†ุจุนุฑูู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู…ุนูŠุŒ ู‡ู… ู…ุณุชูˆุนุจูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุด
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:50,990 --> 00:24:55,090
1171
+ ู…ุณุชูˆุนุจูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ feedbackุŒ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชุนุฑููŠ ู‡ู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:55,090 --> 00:25:00,170
1175
+ ู‡ู… ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู„ุง ู…ุด ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู… ู…ุนูŠ ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ุฃุŒ ุงู†ุช
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:00,170 --> 00:25:03,710
1179
+ ููŠ ุงู„ eye contactุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุจุชุฌูŠู„ูƒุŒ ุงู†ุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:03,710 --> 00:25:07,810
1183
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุทูŠุกุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุงุฎุฏูŠู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:07,810 --> 00:25:12,960
1187
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏkeep body movement quietุŒ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:12,960 --> 00:25:17,000
1191
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡ุง ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆุฎุจุท ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:18,380
1195
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:18,380 --> 00:25:18,640
1199
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:18,640 --> 00:25:18,840
1203
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:18,840 --> 00:25:19,060
1207
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:19,060 --> 00:25:19,060
1211
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:19,060 --> 00:25:21,740
1215
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:21,740 --> 00:25:22,020
1219
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:22,020 --> 00:25:22,020
1223
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:22,020 --> 00:25:25,020
1227
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:25,020 --> 00:25:30,680
1231
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:38,780 --> 00:25:42,900
1235
+ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ูุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุฎู„ูŠูƒูŠ ุงูŠุด ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ู†ุงุณ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:42,900 --> 00:25:46,120
1239
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจุงุนุฏ ุฎุทูˆุงุช
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:46,120 --> 00:25:50,940
1243
+ ุฑุงูŠูƒ ุงู†ูƒ ุชู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:50,940 --> 00:25:51,560
1247
+ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:51,560 --> 00:25:52,100
1251
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:52,100 --> 00:25:53,140
1255
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:25:53,140 --> 00:25:54,240
1259
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:25:54,240 --> 00:25:59,120
1263
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:06,150 --> 00:26:09,530
1267
+ maintain appropriate voice value ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:09,530 --> 00:26:13,890
1271
+ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุด ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:13,890 --> 00:26:17,510
1275
+ ุจู…ุจุณุทูŠู†ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ุทุงู„ุนุŒ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:17,510 --> 00:26:20,630
1279
+ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ุทุงู„ุนุŒ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ุทุงู„ุนุŒ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:20,630 --> 00:26:25,580
1283
+ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ุทุงู„ุนุฅู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุช .. ุฃู†ุช ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:25,580 --> 00:26:32,600
1287
+ ุชุชูƒู„ู…ุด ููŠ ุนุฒู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุตูˆุช ู…ุณู…ูˆุนุŒ ูู„ุงุฒู… ุฅูŠุด
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:32,600 --> 00:26:37,700
1291
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณู…ูˆุนุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ุงุจุชุฏุฑูƒูŠุด ู…ุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุง ู†ุชุนุฐุจุŒ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:37,700 --> 00:26:42,840
1295
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุบู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ูˆุงุทูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡ู…
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:42,840 --> 00:26:49,060
1299
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุถู„ูˆุง ุจุงุดูŠุฑูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:49,060 --> 00:26:55,020
1303
+ ุชุทู„ุนูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุตูˆุช ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุธู„ู‡ ู…ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุณู…ุนู‡
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:55,020 --> 00:27:00,800
1307
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:00,800 --> 00:27:08,860
1311
+ ู…ู‡ู… avoid wearing ุงูŠุด ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:08,860 --> 00:27:12,000
1315
+ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุงู…ูŠุฉ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุงู…ูŠุฉ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:19,020
1319
+ ู…ุฑุจุทูŠู† ููŠู†ุŸ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุฃูุถู„ ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑู†ุง ..
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:19,020 --> 00:27:21,260
1323
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:21,260 --> 00:27:21,760
1327
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:21,760 --> 00:27:22,560
1331
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:22,560 --> 00:27:22,840
1335
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:22,840 --> 00:27:23,080
1339
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:23,080 --> 00:27:24,040
1343
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:24,040 --> 00:27:25,580
1347
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:25,580 --> 00:27:25,580
1351
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:25,580 --> 00:27:25,580
1355
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:25,580 --> 00:27:28,900
1359
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:27:28,900 --> 00:27:32,300
1363
+ ุงู„
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:27:32,300 --> 00:27:36,460
1367
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:27:37,810 --> 00:27:42,050
1371
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ .. ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู„ุจุณูŠู‡
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:27:42,050 --> 00:27:44,770
1375
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชู‚ุทูŠ ุงู„ presentation ุฏู‡ ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุนุฏ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:27:44,770 --> 00:27:50,950
1379
+ ุฑูˆุญ ุฃู†ุง ู†ูุณูŠ ุทูŠุจ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:27:50,950 --> 00:27:54,710
1383
+ ูุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ .. ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ .. ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠูƒู…
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:27:54,710 --> 00:27:57,770
1387
+ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง .. ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุจู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุช
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:27:57,770 --> 00:28:03,870
1391
+ ุฅูŠุด ู„ุงุจุณู‡ุง ู…ุด ุงู†ุช ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุญูƒูŠุดู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:03,870 --> 00:28:06,630
1395
+ .. ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุชู‚ุฏู‡ุŸ ู‡ู… ุจ .. ุจุดูˆููˆุง ..
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:06,630 --> 00:28:10,050
1399
+ ุฎุณูˆู‚ุฉ .. ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุจู†ุงุชุŒ ุจุดูˆู ูƒูŠุด ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุญูƒูŠุŒ ุจุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:10,050 --> 00:28:15,990
1403
+ ู„ุงุจุณู‡ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุญุงู„ูƒ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ูŠ professionalุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:15,990 --> 00:28:21,970
1407
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ maintain a constant rate of speechุŒ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:21,970 --> 00:28:26,590
1411
+ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู‡ุงุฆู„ุฉุจุชุจู„ุน ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… .. ุจุชุจู„ุน
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:26,590 --> 00:28:30,570
1415
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุทู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:28:30,570 --> 00:28:37,190
1419
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุชุนุฏูŠุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:28:37,190 --> 00:28:41,530
1423
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุชุณูˆู‰ ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู… photo ุงูƒููŠุฉ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:28:41,530 --> 00:28:47,470
1427
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† .. ุจุนุฑูุด ู„ุญุฏุฉ ููŠูƒูˆุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:28:47,470 --> 00:28:52,720
1431
+ ุดุงู ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ู„ุญุฏุฉ ุจ .. ู‡ู… ุฏูŠ ..ู‡ู†ุฏู‰ .. ู‡ู†ุฏู‰
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:28:52,720 --> 00:28:59,900
1435
+ ุจูŠุดุฑุญู„ุณู‡ .. ูƒูŠู ุจุชุญุณู‡ุŸ ู„ุง ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ .. ู„ุง ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:28:59,900 --> 00:29:05,460
1439
+ ุจุณ ุงู„ุดุฑุญ ุชุจุนู‡ ุจุทูŠู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชูุฑุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:05,460 --> 00:29:09,060
1443
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุฑุญู‡ ุจู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุชู„ุชุฉ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:09,060 --> 00:29:14,080
1447
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ู„ูŠุดุฑุญูˆู‡ ูุจูŠุฒู‡ุฌูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช .. ุงู†ุช
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:16,680
1451
+ ู„ูˆ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุถุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุชุฒู‡ุฌูŠุŸ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:22,840 --> 00:29:26,280
1455
+ won't be able to duplicate the real audience
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:29,620
1459
+ stress ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ audience
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:29,620 --> 00:29:34,680
1463
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู† .. ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุชุชูˆุชุฑุด ู„ุงุฒู…
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:29:34,680 --> 00:29:39,020
1467
+ ุชุนู…ู„ุด ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠ ุฑุฌู„ูŠูƒูŠ ูƒูŠู ูŠุฏู‡ู… ุจูŠุฌูŠูƒูˆุงุŒ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุด
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:29:39,020 --> 00:29:43,980
1471
+ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ูˆู‚ู ุบู„ุทุŒ ุฑุฌู„ูŠูƒูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู‡ู… ูุชุญุณ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ูˆุฒู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:29:43,980 --> 00:29:47,680
1475
+ ุชุจุนูƒ ู…ูˆุฒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฌู„ูŠูƒูŠ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:29:48,480 --> 00:29:52,600
1479
+ ูˆ ุงุฎูˆูƒ ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุดูˆูุช ุญุงู„ูƒ ู…ุชูˆุชุฑ ุงุตุญู‰ ุจู†ูุณ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:29:52,600 --> 00:29:56,200
1483
+ ู‡ุฐู‡
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:29:56,200 --> 00:30:01,700
1487
+ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฑูŠุญูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ techniques ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:01,700 --> 00:30:05,920
1491
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ู .. ู„ูˆ ุฅูŠุฏูŠูƒ ุดูˆูุชูŠู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุชุญุท ุฅูŠุฏูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:05,920 --> 00:30:09,940
1495
+ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:09,940 --> 00:30:14,480
1499
+ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠูƒ .. ุจุชุฎู„ูŠูƒ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชูˆุชุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชุฎููŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:19,810
1503
+ ุงู„ุชูˆุชุฑ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุฎููŠ ููŠู‡ุจูŠูุญุต ูŠูˆู‚ู ูˆุฑุง ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:30:19,810 --> 00:30:26,690
1507
+ ุนุดุงู†
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:30:26,690 --> 00:30:29,390
1511
+ ูŠุดูˆู ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุจูŠุฑูˆุด ุฑูˆุญ ุจุนู…ู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฑูุน ..
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:30:29,390 --> 00:30:33,690
1515
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ููŠ ุงู„ presentation ุฃู† ู…ุง ุชูุฑุฌูŠุด ูˆู„ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุถุนู
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:30:33,690 --> 00:30:37,930
1519
+ ุฅู„ูŠูƒุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุญุงุณุณ ุญุงู„ูƒ ุฒูŠูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ู ู‡ุงุฏุฑ ุฃุญุณู† ุจูŠุดูˆู
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:30:37,930 --> 00:30:42,640
1523
+ ุฑุฌู„ูŠูƒุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:30:42,640 --> 00:30:42,640
1527
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:30:42,640 --> 00:30:43,560
1531
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ..
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:30:43,560 --> 00:30:44,800
1535
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:45,160
1539
+ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:30:45,160 --> 00:30:45,540
1543
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:30:45,540 --> 00:30:51,520
1547
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ..
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:30:51,520 --> 00:30:58,120
1551
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:30:58,120 --> 00:31:07,180
1555
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ .. ุทูŠุจ ุงุทูŠุจ use body
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:31:07,180 --> 00:31:10,620
1559
+ language effective, relax, gesture, eye contact,
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:31:10,960 --> 00:31:15,120
1563
+ don't play with pen or pointer, don't block visual
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:31:15,120 --> 00:31:19,140
1567
+ aids ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจุชุญุณูŠู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุช
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:31:19,140 --> 00:31:25,110
1571
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ LCD ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุงู„ุงุฒู… ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:31:25,110 --> 00:31:28,090
1575
+ ุงู†ุช ุจุนูŠุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชูƒูˆู† aware of your
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:31:28,090 --> 00:31:32,030
1579
+ position ุงู†ุช ูˆูŠู† ูˆุงู‚ูุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุช
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:31:32,030 --> 00:31:37,050
1583
+ .. ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุจุนูˆุฏูƒ ุน ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุจุฎูู ูƒู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:31:37,050 --> 00:31:42,750
1587
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช do test your computer and practice the
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:31:42,750 --> 00:31:45,330
1591
+ slideshow before the audience ุงูˆ ุนุดุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:31:45,330 --> 00:31:50,660
1595
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชุนุฑุถุŒ ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ู… ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุงุตุญูŠุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŸ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:31:50,660 --> 00:31:54,940
1599
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ุง ูƒุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุงุด .. ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:31:54,940 --> 00:31:58,060
1603
+ ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:31:58,060 --> 00:32:03,420
1607
+ ุจุงูŠู†ุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุจูŠู†ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุฌุงูŠูŠู† ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุด ู…ุชุญุถุฑูŠู† ุฅุฐุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:32:03,420 --> 00:32:08,060
1611
+ ุฅู†ุช ู…ุด ุญุงุทุฉ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุจุงู„ูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุงููŠุด
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:32:08,060 --> 00:32:14,020
1615
+ ุฃุฏู‡ู… ุฑุบุจุฉ ูŠุณู…ุนูˆู„ูƒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุญุฏ ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุท ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:32:14,020 --> 00:32:19,900
1619
+ ุชุชุญุถุฑ ุญุงู„ูƒ ุฅู„ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุณู…ุนู„ูƒุงู„ู€ check ahead of
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:32:19,900 --> 00:32:23,460
1623
+ time for the proper room lighting and for any
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:32:23,460 --> 00:32:25,120
1627
+ glare from windows
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:32:34,630 --> 00:32:38,870
1631
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุช ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู‚ูˆู„ .. ููƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:32:38,870 --> 00:32:43,050
1635
+ ุจุชุนุฑููŠู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ do make everyone in the
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:32:43,050 --> 00:32:47,350
1639
+ audience can see and hear you clearly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:32:47,350 --> 00:32:50,890
1643
+ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุชู‚ุนุฏ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู‚ุนุฏ ุญุฏ ููŠ ู…ู‚ูู„ุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู„
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:32:50,890 --> 00:32:54,730
1647
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุญุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ุช ุชุณุฃู„ ุงูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:32:54,730 --> 00:32:58,250
1651
+ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุตูˆุชูŠ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุงู†ุช ู…ุด ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:32:58,250 --> 00:33:02,910
1655
+ ุจุชุฑูุนูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุงุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠุด ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุดูˆููŠ ูˆ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:33:02,910 --> 00:33:07,610
1659
+ ูŠุณู…ุนูƒdo memorize your speech ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุชุญูุธู‡ุงุด ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:33:07,610 --> 00:33:12,390
1663
+ ุจูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠุด ู…ุชูุงุฌุฃุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:33:12,390 --> 00:33:17,310
1667
+ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุฃุฌู„ุด ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูŠ ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููŠ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:33:17,310 --> 00:33:23,070
1671
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ู…ุด ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู†ุช ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูƒูŠุด ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุงูˆ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:33:23,070 --> 00:33:27,390
1675
+ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูƒูŠุด ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญูƒูŠ do use visuals,
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:33:27,750 --> 00:33:34,230
1679
+ charts, graphs, tables, photo ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชุฑูŠุญู…ุง
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:33:34,230 --> 00:33:38,130
1683
+ ุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ุงุด ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:33:38,130 --> 00:33:42,950
1687
+ ุจู†ุญุจ ู†ู‚ุฑุงู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:33:42,950 --> 00:33:48,850
1691
+ ุจู†ุญุจู‡ูˆุด Do speak to your audience, do not speak to
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:33:48,850 --> 00:33:53,250
1695
+ the screenุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠุด ุชู‚ู ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุชุจู‚ู‰ .. ุงู†ุช
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:33:53,250 --> 00:33:57,250
1699
+ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุน ุงู„ audience ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:33:57,250 --> 00:34:00,630
1703
+ audience ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุชุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชูˆุฒุน ู†ุธุฑุงุชูƒ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:34:00,630 --> 00:34:05,580
1707
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุงุชุฎู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญุณ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุช ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:34:05,580 --> 00:34:11,360
1711
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ุชุงุฎุฏุด ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู…ุฑูŠู†
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:34:11,360 --> 00:34:25,300
1715
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:34:25,300 --> 00:34:30,060
1719
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ slidesู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:34:30,060 --> 00:34:33,040
1723
+ ุจุชุณุฃู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:34:33,040 --> 00:34:37,740
1727
+ slide ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ูุงู†ุช ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:34:37,740 --> 00:34:44,160
1731
+ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง time management ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจูŠุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:34:44,160 --> 00:34:48,420
1735
+ ูˆู‚ุช ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูˆู‚ุชู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุชุด ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณ ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:34:48,420 --> 00:34:54,120
1739
+ ุฃูŠุด ู…ุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุชุชูƒุฑูˆุง ู†ูุณ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:34:54,120 --> 00:34:59,120
1743
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุกุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ presentation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:34:59,120 --> 00:35:04,520
1747
+ ู…ุนูƒ ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏูŠ ุฌุฏุงุด ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:35:04,520 --> 00:35:10,900
1751
+ ู„ู†ุต ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ egg ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุตูŠ ุจุฏุฑูŠ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:35:10,900 --> 00:35:14,640
1755
+ ู…ุด ู…ุฑุจูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ุชู„ุช ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:35:14,640 --> 00:35:19,400
1759
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ุฎู„ุตูŠู†ู‡ ูุงู†ุง ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุด ุตุนุจ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:35:19,400 --> 00:35:24,460
1763
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุฎู„ุต ููŠู‡ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:35:24,460 --> 00:35:28,520
1767
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุงู„ video animation ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:35:28,520 --> 00:35:34,390
1771
+ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ุงStand
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:35:34,390 --> 00:35:38,090
1775
+ straight up, legs spread, hands in the podium ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:35:38,090 --> 00:35:40,970
1779
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ Take deep breath with
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:35:40,970 --> 00:35:44,970
1783
+ nervous Formal clothing, no flashy or colorful
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:35:44,970 --> 00:35:48,570
1787
+ clothes, no jewelry Speak up with a clear voice
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:35:48,570 --> 00:35:53,830
1791
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนู†ุฏูƒูˆุง ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุงุฑุจุน ุทุงู„ุจุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:35:53,830 --> 00:35:58,670
1795
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:35:58,670 --> 00:36:02,930
1799
+ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง relayุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:36:02,930 --> 00:36:08,350
1803
+ ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌุฑูŠุŸ ุงู„ุจุทุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุตุงูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฒู…
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:36:08,350 --> 00:36:12,450
1807
+ ูŠุณู„ู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ูƒ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ู‡ุงุชุŸ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:36:12,450 --> 00:36:18,290
1811
+ ุฌุฑูŠุชูŠ ุจุฏูˆู† .. ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ุชุณู„ู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ุชุนุฏ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูุดู„ุช ููŠ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:36:18,290 --> 00:36:23,390
1815
+ ุงู„ุชุณู„ูŠู… ูุชุฎุณุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุณู„ูŠู… ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:36:23,390 --> 00:36:27,590
1819
+ ู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ presentation ุจุฏูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:36:27,590 --> 00:36:31,670
1823
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุชุจุนูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ูู„ุงู†ุฉ ูˆ ูู„ุงู†ุฉ ูˆ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:36:31,670 --> 00:36:36,230
1827
+ ูู„ุงู†ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุซ ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฎู„ุต ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ุง
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:36:36,230 --> 00:36:41,800
1831
+ ุจุดูƒุฑูƒู… ู„ุณุชู…ุงุนูƒู… ูˆ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูŠ ูู„ุงู†ุฉุงุชูƒู…ู„ุŒ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:45,700
1835
+ ูู„ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุณู„ู… ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุดูƒุฑ ุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:36:45,700 --> 00:36:50,220
1839
+ ุฌุงุจู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒู…ู„ .. ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒู…ู„ุŒ ุงู†ุช
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:36:50,220 --> 00:36:54,760
1843
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู…ู„ุช introduction ู„ุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูƒ ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:36:54,760 --> 00:36:58,820
1847
+ ุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูƒ ุฃุฌุช ุดูƒุฑุชูƒ ุจุงุณู…ูƒุŒ ูุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุนุฏูŠู† ุญูุธูˆุง
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:36:58,820 --> 00:37:03,510
1851
+ ุงุณู…ูƒ ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ุงู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุฃูƒุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:37:03,510 --> 00:37:07,170
1855
+ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ .. ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฒูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุทุงู†
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:37:07,170 --> 00:37:10,230
1859
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุชู… ุชุณู„ูŠู…ู‡ุงุŒ ูุงู†ุช ุตุงุฑ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:37:10,230 --> 00:37:15,070
1863
+ ุงุณุชู„ุงู… ูˆ ุชุณู„ูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูุตุงุฑุช ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุชุงุจุนุงุช
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:37:15,070 --> 00:37:18,170
1867
+ ูุนู„ุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุงุŒ good
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:37:18,170 --> 00:37:21,830
1871
+ technique ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุงุชุนู…ู„ูˆุด ุฒูŠ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:37:21,830 --> 00:37:25,870
1875
+ ู…ุฏุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุชุญุตู„ุŒ ุฅูŠุดุŸูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:37:25,870 --> 00:37:28,270
1879
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงุฒู…ู„ุชู‡ุงุŒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:37:28,270 --> 00:37:31,950
1883
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ .. ูุงุด ูŠู‡ุฏูุด ูˆ ู…ุตุจูˆุทุด ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‚ุŒ ุฎุฏุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:37:31,950 --> 00:37:35,530
1887
+ ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‚ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ุด ู…ุฑุบูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ professional
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:37:35,530 --> 00:37:39,370
1891
+ presentationุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญูƒูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:37:39,370 --> 00:37:42,330
1895
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:37:42,330 --> 00:37:45,760
1899
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดุฎุต ูˆุงุญุฏุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ opening
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:37:45,760 --> 00:37:51,060
1903
+ ูˆ ุงู„ end ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ..
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:37:51,060 --> 00:37:55,960
1907
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุชุจุนูƒ ุจุชูุชุฃูƒุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุชูŠู‡ ู„ุง ุชู†ุณูˆุด ู‡ุฐุง
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:37:55,960 --> 00:37:59,340
1911
+ ู„ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:37:59,340 --> 00:38:02,200
1915
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุดุฑุญู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุช ูˆ ู‚ุทูŠู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:38:02,200 --> 00:38:06,340
1919
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุฃูŠ ุงุณุชูุณุงุฑุงุช ุงุญู†ุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ูˆ
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:38:06,340 --> 00:38:07,280
1923
+ ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ุญุณู†
1924
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:26,430
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ 40 ุนู† ู…ูˆุงู„ุฏุงุช
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,430 --> 00:00:34,850
7
+ ูˆู…ุญุฑูƒุงุช ู…ูˆุงู„ุฏุงุช ูˆู…ุญุฑูƒุงุช
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:34,850 --> 00:00:41,830
11
+ ู…ูˆุงู„ุฏุงุช
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:41,830 --> 00:00:42,670
15
+ ูˆู…ุญุฑูƒุงุช
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:46,300 --> 00:00:50,860
19
+ Types and functions of engines and motors and the
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:50,860 --> 00:00:54,580
23
+ term engine usually refers to petrol engines,
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:54,720 --> 00:00:59,340
27
+ diesel engines and jet engines ุนู†ุฏู†ุง three types
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:59,340 --> 00:01:07,570
31
+ of engines ุงูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง petrol ูˆ diesel ูˆ jetุงู„ุฃู† in
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:07,570 --> 00:01:12,510
35
+ engineering motor usually means electric motor but
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:12,510 --> 00:01:16,450
39
+ in general language motor can also refer to petrol
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:16,450 --> 00:01:20,830
43
+ and diesel engines ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:20,830 --> 00:01:26,070
47
+ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ูˆุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:26,070 --> 00:01:30,250
51
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ ุจุณ in engineering ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ electric
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:30,250 --> 00:01:37,200
55
+ motor ุงู„ู…ุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠEngines and motors power or
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:40,540
59
+ drive machines by generating rotary motions
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:40,540 --> 00:01:46,820
63
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑุงุช ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ูŠุŸ ุจูŠูˆู„ุฏูˆุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:46,820 --> 00:01:54,060
67
+ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ .. ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ machines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ..
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:54,060 --> 00:01:59,490
71
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุฉfor example to drive wheels in jet
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:59,490 --> 00:02:04,350
75
+ engine compressors and turbines rotate to generate
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:04,350 --> 00:02:09,650
79
+ thrust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุงู„jet engine ุงู„ compressors
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:09,650 --> 00:02:16,790
83
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุบุทูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุฑุจุงูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุฏุงุช
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:16,790 --> 00:02:20,310
87
+ rotate to generate thrust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ trust
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:20,310 --> 00:02:24,110
91
+ ุฏุงูุน
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:33,920
95
+ Bushing force produced by forcing air from the
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:33,920 --> 00:02:37,400
99
+ back of the engine at high velocity ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ..
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:43,440
103
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุถุบูˆุท ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:50,040
107
+ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉAn engine produce a couple rotate force
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:50,040 --> 00:02:54,640
111
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:54,640 --> 00:02:59,640
115
+ ู…ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠ The moving parts of the machine
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:59,640 --> 00:03:05,260
119
+ it is driving will produce resistance ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:05,260 --> 00:03:11,260
123
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉdue to
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:11,260 --> 00:03:14,240
127
+ friction and other forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:14,240 --> 00:03:19,360
131
+ ู„ู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ as a result torque ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:23,910
135
+ twisting forceTorque is exerted on the output
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:23,910 --> 00:03:25,390
139
+ shaft of the engine
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:53,580 --> 00:03:58,340
143
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:58,340 --> 00:04:04,410
147
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูˆู„ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ maturethe rate
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:04,410 --> 00:04:08,190
151
+ of which an engine can work to exert torque is the
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:08,190 --> 00:04:11,790
155
+ power of the engine ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ุญุฑูƒ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:11,790 --> 00:04:18,550
159
+ ุฅุญุตุงู† ุฅุญุตุงู†ูŠู† ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:18,550 --> 00:04:23,270
163
+ measured in watt ุงู„ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ rating ุฃุญูŠุงู†
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:23,270 --> 00:04:28,030
167
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุจุงู„ุฅุญุตุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฅุญุตุงู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:33,630 --> 00:04:40,350
171
+ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุจุณ ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:40,350 --> 00:04:46,450
175
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชุณุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:46,450 --> 00:04:51,370
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ูˆู‡ althoughEngineers normally calculate
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:51,370 --> 00:04:53,930
183
+ engine power in watts. The power of a vehicle
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:53,930 --> 00:04:57,890
187
+ engine is often given in brake horse power.
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:01,330 --> 00:05:04,970
191
+ This is the power of an engine's output shaft
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:04,970 --> 00:05:09,130
195
+ measured in horsepower ุญุณุจ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:09,130 --> 00:05:11,290
199
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:11,290 --> 00:05:13,330
203
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:13,330 --> 00:05:16,110
207
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:16,110 --> 00:05:16,310
211
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:16,310 --> 00:05:16,310
215
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:16,310 --> 00:05:16,310
219
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:16,310 --> 00:05:16,430
223
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุต
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:23,660
227
+ ุงู„ู€ internal combustion engine petrol ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ ูŠุฌุจ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:23,660 --> 00:05:29,840
231
+ ุฃู† ูŠูู‡ู…ูƒูˆุง ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ูˆ ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:29,840 --> 00:05:37,180
235
+ ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ ุงู„ solar ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุชูŠุฑ ุงู„
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:37,180 --> 00:05:40,860
239
+ solar ุฒู…ุงู† ุฃูŠุงู… ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ solar ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุชุดุบู„ุช ุนู„ู‰
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:40,860 --> 00:05:47,750
243
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูŠุชู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฒูŠุช ุจู†ุญุฑุฌ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:47,750 --> 00:05:52,430
247
+ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุดุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุญุชุฑู‚ุฉ ุจุชู†ุดุบู„ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:52,430 --> 00:05:57,010
251
+ ุฃุญูƒูŠู„ูƒู… ูƒูŠู ุงู„ูุฑู‚ this means they are driven by
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:57,010 --> 00:06:01,010
255
+ combustion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู‚ burning of fuel
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:01,010 --> 00:06:04,950
259
+ in enclosed sealed spaces called combustion
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:11,050
263
+ chambers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู‚ ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:11,050 --> 00:06:17,890
267
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ chamber ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงูˆ ูุฑู† ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู‚ in
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:17,890 --> 00:06:20,870
271
+ petrol and diesel engine the combustion chambers
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:20,870 --> 00:06:25,890
275
+ are cylinders surrounding by a cylinder block ู‡ูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:25,890 --> 00:06:33,230
279
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃุณุทูˆุงู†ุงุช ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจุฅูŠุด ุจุนูˆุงุฒู„ ู„ู„ุฃุณุทูˆุงู†ุงุช and
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:33,230 --> 00:06:36,690
283
+ closed at the top by a cylinder head ูˆู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ููˆู‚
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:36,690 --> 00:06:42,880
287
+ ุจุฑุงุณ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑeach cylinder contain ุงูŠุดุŸ a
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:50,660
291
+ piston ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ pistonุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:50,660 --> 00:06:58,120
295
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:58,120 --> 00:07:02,900
299
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุงู†ุฉ ู…ูƒุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจุณ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ุฌูŠุจู„ูƒูˆุง
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:02,900 --> 00:07:08,770
303
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ู„ููˆู‚ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ู„ุชุญุชูุญุฑูƒุชู‡ ู‡ุงุฏู‰
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:08,770 --> 00:07:12,910
307
+ ุจุชุชุจู†ู‰ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ู„ุชุญุช ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุบุงุฒ ู‡ุงู† ุงูˆ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:12,910 --> 00:07:17,290
311
+ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠูƒุจุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ูƒุจุณ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:17,290 --> 00:07:22,230
315
+ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุญุงูŠู… ูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุจุณุชูˆู† ููŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:22,230 --> 00:07:23,270
319
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:27,390 --> 00:07:32,710
323
+ ู…ูƒุจุณ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ูุตุญู‰ ุจุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจุงุณุชูˆู† ุงุณุฃู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:32,710 --> 00:07:37,490
327
+ ุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ุจุงุณุชูˆู† ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:37,490 --> 00:07:41,870
331
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ู…ุด ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒุฉ ู„ู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุนุงุฏุฉ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:41,870 --> 00:07:46,690
335
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงุณุชูˆู† ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุญุจ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:46,690 --> 00:07:51,270
339
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ุจุงุณุชูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุญุจ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:51,270 --> 00:07:56,750
343
+ ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉุทูŠุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ contain
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:56,750 --> 00:07:59,370
347
+ each cylinder contain a piston the number of
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:59,370 --> 00:08:02,710
351
+ piston cylinder in the engine vary engine in a
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:02,710 --> 00:08:06,930
355
+ small motorcycle have only one piston ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุณุงูƒู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:06,930 --> 00:08:11,940
359
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุงุณุชูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฏู‡ ุจุชุชุทู„ุน
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:11,940 --> 00:08:17,840
363
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ุต ุงู„ุญุดูŠุดุŒ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:23,300
367
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณุชูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:23,300 --> 00:08:29,960
371
+ motorcycles ููŠู‡ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุณุชูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:29,960 --> 00:08:33,440
375
+ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณุชูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:38,550
379
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:38,550 --> 00:08:43,890
383
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ููŠู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุจุชุดูˆููŠ ุณุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:43,890 --> 00:08:47,070
387
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฏูŠ ุจุช๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุญุจ ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:47,070 --> 00:08:51,430
391
+ ุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชุณูˆู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ุงูŠุด
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:51,430 --> 00:08:55,630
395
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ option ู
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:55,630 --> 00:09:00,670
399
+ .. ูุจุฏู‡ุง ุจู„ุฏ ู…ุง ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุด ุบุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:00,670 --> 00:09:05,520
403
+ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุงู‚ู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุทูŠุจ while sport car
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:05,520 --> 00:09:10,320
407
+ engines may have twelve ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูุฑุงุฑูŠูˆ ุฌู…ุงุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:10,320 --> 00:09:14,480
411
+ ู‡ูŠ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุจุงู‚ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:21,320
415
+ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ pistons ุจุฒูŠุฏ ูููŠู‡ุง ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:21,320 --> 00:09:25,320
419
+ fuel is supplies to each cylinder from a tank in
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:29,780
423
+ most enginesthe flow of fuel is generated by a
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:29,780 --> 00:09:32,660
427
+ pump which is .. which forces it at a high
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:32,660 --> 00:09:36,560
431
+ pressure ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ fuel pump
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:36,560 --> 00:09:39,720
435
+ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู„ู…ุง ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:43,340
439
+ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฎุฑุจ ูˆ ุชุณูƒู†
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:43,340 --> 00:09:47,180
443
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ููƒุงู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุตู†ูŠุญ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ูุนุฑูู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู†
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:47,180 --> 00:09:50,920
447
+ ู…ุญู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ tank ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ tank ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:54,700
451
+ ุชุญุช .. ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ููŠ ุชุญุช
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:54,700 --> 00:09:58,990
455
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุชุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃูŠุงู… ู‡ุฐูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:58,990 --> 00:10:04,510
459
+ allowing it to mix ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ forces it at a
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:04,510 --> 00:10:08,270
463
+ high pressure true fuel injection ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:08,270 --> 00:10:13,450
467
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ fuel injection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุถุฎ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:13,450 --> 00:10:19,780
471
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ inject ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุถุฎ ุงู„ fuelุฃูˆ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ุถุบุท
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:19,780 --> 00:10:24,440
475
+ ุงู„ููŠูˆู„ุŒ these vaporize the fuel allowing it to mix
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:24,440 --> 00:10:29,440
479
+ with airุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:29,440 --> 00:10:34,530
483
+ ูŠุฎุชู„ุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกUsing this mixture of fuel and air,
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:34,650 --> 00:10:39,110
487
+ most engines function as four-stroke engines ู‡ุฐุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:39,110 --> 00:10:42,430
491
+ ู…ู† .. ู‡ู†ุชูุณุฑ ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ four-stroke engine ูู…ุนุธู…
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:42,430 --> 00:10:46,470
495
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุฏุฉ .. ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุชูŠุฑ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ four
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:46,470 --> 00:10:50,510
499
+ -stroke engine this mean they work on a cycle of
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:50,510 --> 00:10:56,970
503
+ four stages ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„cycle ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„or for a
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:56,970 --> 00:11:00,670
507
+ stroke a stroke is an upward or downward movement
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:00,670 --> 00:11:04,230
511
+ of a piston ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ุงู„ upward ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:04,230 --> 00:11:08,050
515
+ ููŠ ุงู„ downward ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง induction or
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:08,050 --> 00:11:12,310
519
+ intake ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฏุฎุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:12,310 --> 00:11:16,030
523
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ compression ุงู„ุถุบุท ุชุงู„ุช ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ power or
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:16,030 --> 00:11:19,490
527
+ ignition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุนู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุดุชุนุงู„ ุฎุงู…ุณ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:19,490 --> 00:11:23,130
531
+ exhaust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ูุณุฑ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู…
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:23,130 --> 00:11:28,250
535
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„induction or intake the intake valve open
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:28,250 --> 00:11:32,450
539
+ the mixture enter the cylinder through a port in
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:32,450 --> 00:11:36,410
543
+ the cylinder head while the piston moves downward
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:36,410 --> 00:11:39,530
547
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ููŠูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ piston
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:39,530 --> 00:11:44,390
551
+ ุจู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ downward ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ุงู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:44,390 --> 00:11:49,810
555
+ compression the intake valve closes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู…
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:49,810 --> 00:11:55,240
559
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุดุจุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุจุณูƒุฑthe piston moves
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:55,240 --> 00:11:58,220
563
+ upward compressing the mixture ุงู„ุขู† ุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏู‰
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:58,220 --> 00:12:02,440
567
+ ุงู„ููŠูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ piston ูƒุงู† ุฃุณูู„ ูุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑุฌุน ู„ููˆู‚ ุงูŠุด
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:02,440 --> 00:12:08,080
571
+ ู‡ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู‡ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ููŠูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:08,080 --> 00:12:12,960
575
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ูˆ ุงู„ููŠูˆู„ ูุจุนู…ู„ compression power or ignition
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:12,960 --> 00:12:17,460
579
+ the spark plug ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุจูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุญุฏ ุณู…ุน
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:17,460 --> 00:12:23,450
583
+ ููŠู‡ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุดุฑุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูˆุฌูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููˆู‚
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:23,450 --> 00:12:30,650
587
+ ูˆุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑุงุณู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ุฎุฒููŠ ุชุญุช ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:30,650 --> 00:12:36,190
591
+ ููˆู‚ ุฑุงุณ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุชู†ุดุจูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุงููˆู‡ู… ููŠ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:36,190 --> 00:12:43,110
595
+ ุบุฒุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูˆุฌูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ English ุงุณู…ู‡ุง spark plug
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:46,700 --> 00:12:51,960
599
+ ุจุฏุฑูˆุณุฌ ุฃุณุจุงุฑูƒ ู„ุฅู† ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุทู„ุน ุชุทู„ุน ุดุฑุงุฑุฉ which
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:55,980
603
+ ignites or lights the mixture on the ignition the
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:55,980 --> 00:12:59,720
607
+ mixture explode generating a sudden pressure which
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:59,720 --> 00:13:03,900
611
+ forces the piston down ูุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:03,900 --> 00:13:08,120
615
+ ุงุดุชุนุงู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ explosion ู…ุน ุงู„ุถุบุท ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:12,760
619
+ piston ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููˆู‚ ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุชุญุชุงู„ exhaust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:17,700
623
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌ ุงูˆ ุงู„ muffler ุงูˆ ุจุญูŠุงุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:17,700 --> 00:13:21,980
627
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ exhaust valves open and the piston moves
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:21,980 --> 00:13:25,760
631
+ upward ูุจูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ exhaust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ piston
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:30,960
635
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุทู„ุน ู„ููˆู‚ forcing the exhaust gases those
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:30,960 --> 00:13:35,210
639
+ produced during the combustion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:35,210 --> 00:13:38,450
643
+ ุงู„ุงุดุชุนุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชู…ู‡ุง out of the cylinder via the
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:38,450 --> 00:13:42,850
647
+ exhaust port the exhaust valve then closes and the
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:42,850 --> 00:13:48,030
651
+ cycle begins again ูู‡ูˆ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณูˆูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:48,030 --> 00:13:52,750
655
+ ุงู„ intake ุงูˆ ุงู„ induction ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ fuel ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:52,750 --> 00:13:57,570
659
+ vapor ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ mixed with gas ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ piston ุนู†ุฏู‰
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:57,570 --> 00:14:02,630
663
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุจู†ุฒู„ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู€ intake
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:02,630 --> 00:14:09,850
667
+ valve ุจูŠุณูƒุฑ ุจูŠุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:09,850 --> 00:14:15,210
671
+ ุงู„ piston ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ move upward ุจูŠุบุทูŠ ุงู„ gas ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:15,210 --> 00:14:19,450
675
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ spark plug
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:19,450 --> 00:14:24,150
679
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ignition ุงูˆ ุดุฑุงุฑุฉ spark ูุง ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:24,150 --> 00:14:27,910
683
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุญุชุฑุงู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ combustion ู‡ุงุฏ ุงูˆ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:27,910 --> 00:14:33,520
687
+ ุงู„ ignition ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ gasesุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุช ู‡ุงุฐูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:36,840
691
+ ุจุชุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ pistonุŒ ุงู„ piston ุจู†ุฒู„ downุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:40,260
695
+ ุจูุชุญ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ release ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุชุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:40,260 --> 00:14:44,660
699
+ ุงู„ exhaustุŒ ุงู„ exhaust valveุŒ ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุงุฐูŠุŒ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:44,660 --> 00:14:48,080
703
+ ูุจุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุชุŒ ูุงู„ piston ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ููˆู‚ุŒ ูˆ ุจุชุฑุฌุน
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:48,080 --> 00:14:50,360
707
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:53,380 --> 00:14:56,780
711
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ complete the text about diesel engine
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:56,780 --> 00:15:00,460
715
+ using the words from A and B diesel engine differ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:00,460 --> 00:15:05,820
719
+ from ู…ูŠู†ุŸ petrol ุงู„ petrol ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:05,820 --> 00:15:11,640
723
+ petrol ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ gas ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:15,980
727
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงููŠู† gas engine in one key respect they are
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:15,980 --> 00:15:21,210
731
+ not fitted with ุงูŠุดุŸุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉุŸ ุนู…ุฑูƒูˆุง .. ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:21,210 --> 00:15:26,550
735
+ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ motor ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ุŒ ููŠุด spark plugs
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:26,550 --> 00:15:30,730
739
+ ููŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง spark plugs ููŠ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู†ุŒ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:30,730 --> 00:15:35,350
743
+ ุดุจุงุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนุฑู ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ูƒูˆุงุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:35,350 --> 00:15:41,900
747
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุจูŠุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชูƒู…ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง with a spark
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:41,900 --> 00:15:46,160
751
+ plug in each cylinder to ignite the fuel this is
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:46,160 --> 00:15:50,640
755
+ because when ุงูŠุด of the diesel and air ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:50,640 --> 00:15:53,720
759
+ mixture ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุงุญุฒู…ุฉ ุชุดูˆููˆุง diesel and
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:53,720 --> 00:15:58,820
763
+ air ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ mixture is compressed inside a hot ุงูŠุด
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:58,820 --> 00:16:06,580
767
+ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ chamber
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:09,260 --> 00:16:13,780
771
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณุงู…ู†ุงู‡ุง combustion chamber it will explode
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:13,780 --> 00:16:18,180
775
+ spontaneously without the need for a spark to
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:18,180 --> 00:16:26,120
779
+ provide ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ignition ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠู‡
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:26,120 --> 00:16:31,420
783
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุฏู‚ ุงู„ combustion chamber ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:31,420 --> 00:16:36,260
787
+ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูŠู†ุถุบุท ูˆ ุชุฌูŠู„ู‡ ignition ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุจุชุดุชุนู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:38,510 --> 00:16:42,930
791
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:42,930 --> 00:16:47,150
795
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู†ุฏุฑ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:47,150 --> 00:16:51,190
799
+ ู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:51,190 --> 00:17:00,470
803
+ ุงู„ุณูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒุดู† ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฎู„ุงู„
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:00,470 --> 00:17:06,130
807
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆ ู„ุง .. ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด .. ุฃูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:06,130 --> 00:17:12,430
811
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆ ู„ุง ..ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ ignition stage only
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:12,430 --> 00:17:16,650
815
+ air and not an air fuel mixture is pressurized
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:16,650 --> 00:17:20,490
819
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏ .. ุงู„ compression ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ compression
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:20,490 --> 00:17:24,430
823
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ during ุงู„ first stage ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ induction ุงู„
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:24,430 --> 00:17:27,830
827
+ second stage ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง .. ุฃูˆ ุงู„ intake ุงู„ second stage
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:27,830 --> 00:17:33,090
831
+ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ compressionis pressurized it's only at
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:33,090 --> 00:17:35,750
835
+ that last instance when the fuel compression has
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:35,750 --> 00:17:40,090
839
+ occurred and that the ash above each cylinder
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:40,090 --> 00:17:43,130
843
+ forces vaporized diesel into the combustion
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:43,130 --> 00:17:49,330
847
+ chamber ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ fuel ุงู„ fuel above ุชุชุฌูŠุด
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:49,330 --> 00:17:56,320
851
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠุงู„ู€ fuel injector ุงู„ู€ fuel injector
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:56,320 --> 00:17:59,720
855
+ above each cylinder forces the vaporized diesel
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:59,720 --> 00:18:06,780
859
+ into the combustion chamber where it ignites ุทูŠุจ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:06,780 --> 00:18:12,020
863
+ diesel engine operates at lower speed than petrol
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:12,020 --> 00:18:17,700
867
+ engines ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ speed ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:17,700 --> 00:18:23,580
871
+ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ more efficientุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:23,580 --> 00:18:31,780
875
+ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ ู„ูŠุดุŸู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠุชุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:31,780 --> 00:18:35,880
879
+ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ mileage ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูุจุชูˆูุฑ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:35,880 --> 00:18:39,540
883
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง lower speed than petrol engines
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:39,540 --> 00:18:42,040
887
+ making them less suitable for high speed
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:42,040 --> 00:18:46,340
891
+ applications ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏู‡ุง
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:46,340 --> 00:18:50,960
895
+ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุด ุงูŠุด ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุงุช
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:55,320
899
+ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุด diesel ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ heavy machines ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:55,320 --> 00:19:02,380
903
+ ู…ุด dieselhowever they are more able to power
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:02,380 --> 00:19:07,380
907
+ heavy vehicle as they can produce greater amount
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:07,380 --> 00:19:13,900
911
+ of torque than petrol engine ุงูŠุด ุงู„ torqueุŸ ุนุฒู…
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:13,900 --> 00:19:21,780
915
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุนุฑููƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนุฑูู‡ ุงูŠุด
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:21,780 --> 00:19:28,360
919
+ ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ camp shaft ุงู„ู„ูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:28,360 --> 00:19:32,460
923
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ camp ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ mixture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:32,460 --> 00:19:38,380
927
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ mixture air and gas ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:38,380 --> 00:19:43,380
931
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ valve ุงู„ intake ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:43,380 --> 00:19:48,420
935
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู†ุฒู„ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:53,480
939
+ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ chamberุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด combustion chamber
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:53,480 --> 00:20:00,100
943
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:00,100 --> 00:20:06,740
947
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:06,740 --> 00:20:09,480
951
+ ุงู„ spark plug ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑูุด ุชุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุดูƒู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:09,480 --> 00:20:14,900
955
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ spark plug ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:14,900 --> 00:20:19,280
959
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุงุถ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงูุฉุŒ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:19,280 --> 00:20:23,780
963
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุดุนู„ุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:23,780 --> 00:20:28,140
967
+ ูุชุญุชูˆู‡ุง ูˆุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุนู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจุงู†ุฉ ููŠู‡ู…
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:28,140 --> 00:20:33,740
971
+ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุนุณูˆุงู†ูุจุชุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุทู„ุช ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุดุนู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:33,740 --> 00:20:37,720
975
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุด ุน ุณูˆุงุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุตุฏูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุทู„ุน ุดุนู„ุฉ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:37,720 --> 00:20:44,160
979
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ spring .. ุงู„ valve
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:48,760
983
+ spring ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ exhaust valve ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุทู„ุน
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:55,310
987
+ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ exhaust ู‡ู†ุง six ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŸcylinder head
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:55,310 --> 00:20:59,730
991
+ ู‡ุฐุง cooling water ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:59,730 --> 00:21:07,270
995
+ ุงู„ piston ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูุงู„ู…ูƒุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุน ููˆู‚
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:07,270 --> 00:21:11,970
999
+ ุงูˆ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุชุญุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุง
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:11,970 --> 00:21:16,500
1003
+ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุดุงูุงู„ู…ูˆุงุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู…ุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุจูˆุงุจ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:16,500 --> 00:21:20,280
1007
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุทู„ุน ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:20,280 --> 00:21:26,760
1011
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ canol case ุงูˆ ุงู„ solar
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:26,760 --> 00:21:31,920
1015
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูƒูˆูŠุณ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:31,920 --> 00:21:34,680
1019
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠุจุบู‰ ูŠุฎู„ุตู†ุง chapter
1020
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwavFmspRNWAhbDWNXQPDNlH/2PcqkFMSAOE_postprocess.srt ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwavFmspRNWAhbDWNXQPDNlH/2PcqkFMSAOE_raw.srt ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwavFmspRNWAhbDWNXQPDNlH/2__gojdcGsw_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1560 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:04,940 --> 00:00:07,660
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,660 --> 00:00:10,500
7
+ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,500 --> 00:00:17,340
11
+ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฑู‚ู… 23 ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,340 --> 00:00:22,200
15
+ ู†ูŠู„ ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:27,900
19
+ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:27,900 --> 00:00:33,180
23
+ ุชูƒู…ู„ุฉ ู„ section ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† .. ู…ู†
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:33,180 --> 00:00:36,580
27
+ .. ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ chapter ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:36,580 --> 00:00:39,320
31
+ ุงู„ section ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ exponential
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:44,670
35
+ function ูˆูƒูŠู ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุงูˆุงุฎุฏู†ุง ุฎูˆุงุตู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:44,670 --> 00:00:47,910
39
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ section ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:47,910 --> 00:00:51,050
43
+ ุงู„ logarithmic function ุงู„ logarithmic function
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:51,050 --> 00:00:55,290
47
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ูˆูƒูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,290 --> 00:01:00,410
51
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฎูˆุงุตู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ู†ุจู†ุน ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:00,410 --> 00:01:05,820
55
+ ุจู†ู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,820 --> 00:01:10,020
59
+ exponential function E ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ exponential E
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:10,020 --> 00:01:12,780
63
+ is strictly increasing differentiable function
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:12,780 --> 00:01:18,160
67
+ with domain R and range ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูŠุนู†ูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:22,480
71
+ ู„ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ E ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ E ู…ู† R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:26,600
75
+ exponential ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ 0 ูˆ ู…ุงู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:26,600 --> 00:01:31,560
79
+ function ู‡ูŠ rangeู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ domainู‡ุง ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช strictly
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:31,560 --> 00:01:35,700
83
+ increasingStrictly increasing ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:35,700 --> 00:01:40,020
87
+ ุนู† 120 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃุฎุฑ ููŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ function ู‡ุฐู‡ on
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:40,020 --> 00:01:43,940
91
+ two ูˆูƒุงู†ุช differentiable ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:43,940 --> 00:01:46,840
95
+ ุงู„ exponential ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุฑุณู…ุชู‡ุง ู„ูˆ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:46,840 --> 00:01:50,460
99
+ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฌุฑุจู†ุง ู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:50,460 --> 00:01:56,180
103
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ exponentialุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุงุฌู‰
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:56,180 --> 00:02:00,300
107
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ function ุงู„ exponential
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:00,300 --> 00:02:05,980
111
+ ุงุนุฑู ุงู„ inverse ู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ logarithmic
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:05,980 --> 00:02:10,860
115
+ function ุงูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ logarithm ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:10,860 --> 00:02:16,020
119
+ ุงู„ len functionู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู‡ ู„ุฅู† ุงูŠู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:16,020 --> 00:02:19,240
123
+ function one to one ูˆ one to Hana ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:23,580
127
+ inverse ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง strictly increasing ุฅุฐุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:23,580 --> 00:02:29,560
131
+ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ L ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ zero ูˆ ู…ุงู„ุฉ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ R ู‡ุงุฏูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:29,560 --> 00:02:34,100
135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุงู„ู€ function ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:34,100 --> 00:02:38,320
139
+ logarithmic function ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฑุณู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:38,320 --> 00:02:42,460
143
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ inverse ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑูู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:42,460 --> 00:02:47,000
147
+ ูˆุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑ ุดุฑุนูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ exponential
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:50,930
151
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ inverse ุณุจุนุชู‡ุงุงู„ุนู…ู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:50,930 --> 00:02:57,030
155
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ู„ู„ู€ E ู‡ูˆ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:57,030 --> 00:03:02,850
159
+ ุงู„ู€ Logarithm ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Nature Logarithm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ It
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:02,850 --> 00:03:07,870
163
+ will be denoted by L or by Lin ุงู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุดูŠูˆุนุง ุทุจุนุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:07,870 --> 00:03:11,810
167
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Lin ู„ุฃู† ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ E ูˆ L ุงู†ูุฑุณ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:11,810 --> 00:03:17,110
171
+ ู„ุจุนุถ ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ E composite L composite E of X
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:17,110 --> 00:03:22,920
175
+ ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ Xู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ x ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ R ู„ุฃู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:26,540
179
+ ุงู„ู€ E ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฅูƒุณุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ R ู„ุฃู†
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:26,540 --> 00:03:30,740
183
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง E composite L of Y E composite L of Y ุงู„ู€ L
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:30,740 --> 00:03:34,660
187
+ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ .. ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ positive E
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:34,660 --> 00:03:38,240
191
+ composite L of Y ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ูƒู„ Y element in R ูˆ Y
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:44,900
195
+ ุฃุดู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0ุงู„ุงู† connotations .. connotations
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:44,900 --> 00:03:49,860
199
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ N ุงู„ู€ E of X ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ N ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ L ูˆุงู„ู€
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:49,860 --> 00:03:53,880
203
+ E ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ E ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ E to the N ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุณูˆุก ุงู„ู€ Y
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:57,780
207
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุณูˆุก ุงู„ู€ X ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ inverse ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:01,010 --> 00:04:04,750
211
+ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ inverse ู„ู„ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู€ logarithm is a
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:04,750 --> 00:04:08,630
215
+ strictly increasing function L with domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:08,630 --> 00:04:12,150
219
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุฑูู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:12,150 --> 00:04:16,210
223
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ derivative of L is given by L prime
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:16,210 --> 00:04:19,750
227
+ of X ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ X for X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุงู„ุงู†
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:19,750 --> 00:04:23,430
231
+ ุงู„ logarithm satisfy the functional equation ุชุญู‚ู‚
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:23,430 --> 00:04:27,010
235
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of X ููŠ Y ุจุณุงูˆูŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:27,010 --> 00:04:31,000
239
+ L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ LL of Y for X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:34,560
243
+ ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:38,260
247
+ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:38,260 --> 00:04:40,560
251
+ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:40,580
255
+ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:40,580 --> 00:04:40,640
259
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:40,700
263
+ ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:40,700 --> 00:04:41,020
267
+ ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:41,020 --> 00:04:47,140
271
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑL of
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:47,140 --> 00:04:51,420
275
+ XR ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ R ู„L of X ู„ุฅู† X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูˆR ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ูƒูŠูˆู‡
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:51,420 --> 00:04:54,840
279
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ู… ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุณ ุงู„ุขู†
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:54,840 --> 00:04:58,440
283
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฑู‡ู†ู‡ู… ูˆ ู†ุซุจุช ุตุญุชู‡ู… limit L of X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:58,440 --> 00:05:01,740
287
+ ู„ู€0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ infinity and limit L of X
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:01,740 --> 00:05:07,340
291
+ ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:07,340 --> 00:05:14,840
295
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู†ุจุฑู‡ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุงู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ L is
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:14,840 --> 00:05:17,560
299
+ strictly increasing with domain X element alone
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:17,560 --> 00:05:20,880
303
+ and range R follows from the fact that E is
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:20,880 --> 00:05:24,840
307
+ strictly increasing with domain R and range ุงู„ู„ูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:24,840 --> 00:05:33,320
311
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ L is strictly increasing
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:33,320 --> 00:05:37,560
315
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ E ู†ูุณู‡ุง strictly increasing
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:37,560 --> 00:05:48,560
319
+ ุงู„ุงู† EComposite L E Composite L of Y ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ Y
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:55,320
323
+ ู„ูƒู„ Y ูˆY ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู„ Y element in ุณูุฑ ูˆู…ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:55,320 --> 00:06:00,780
327
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ูุงุถู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:00,780 --> 00:06:06,360
331
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุตู„ ู…ุฏุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ E isุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ differentiable
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:10,480
335
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ inverse ุฅู„ู‡ุง is differentiable by
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:10,480 --> 00:06:14,680
339
+ theorem 6 9 ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ chapter 6
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:14,680 --> 00:06:18,200
343
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ is differentiable ุงู„
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:18,200 --> 00:06:20,880
347
+ inverse ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ is differentiable ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:27,480
351
+ ุงู„ุขู† E ูุงุถู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ E prime of L of Y
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:36,600
355
+ ูL prime of Y ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุงู„ุขู†ูˆุงุถุญ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:36,600 --> 00:06:41,900
359
+ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุญุงุตู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุตุงุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† strictly ู…ู† 0
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:41,900 --> 00:06:47,920
363
+ ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ E is strictly increasing ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง E' of
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:53,420
367
+ L of Y is strictly ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ุฅุฐุง ุจูŠุธู„ู‡ุง L' of Y is
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:53,420 --> 00:06:57,180
371
+ strictly ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ู„ูƒู„ Y ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู€ L is
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:57,180 --> 00:07:02,740
375
+ strictly increasingุงู„ุงู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ domain ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:02,740 --> 00:07:07,000
379
+ ุงู„ inverse ู„ ุงู„ E ุงู„ domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ inverse ู‡ูˆ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:11,380
383
+ range ุงู„ function ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ sub wave ููŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:11,380 --> 00:07:18,460
387
+ ุงู„ูุฆุฑ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ is strictly
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:18,460 --> 00:07:23,530
391
+ increasingุงู„ุงู† ูˆ rangeู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุตุงุฑ domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:23,530 --> 00:07:28,310
395
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆ range ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ domainู‡ุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:28,310 --> 00:07:32,990
399
+ domain ุงู„ L ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ range ุงู„ L ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:32,990 --> 00:07:37,330
403
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:37,330 --> 00:07:42,070
407
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:42,070 --> 00:07:48,430
411
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุชู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ุงูŠู† ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:48,430 --> 00:07:54,230
415
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูู‰ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจุชู‚ู„ู‘ู‰ prime of X ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ู†
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:54,230 --> 00:07:59,330
419
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุชู‡ู† ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ู†
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:59,330 --> 00:08:12,240
423
+ ู‚ู„ู‘ู‰ prime I ุงูˆ VIII ู‚ู„ู‘ู‰ primeof X ุจุณูˆุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ X
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:12,240 --> 00:08:19,680
427
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ L of XY ุจุณูˆุฉ L X ุฒุงุฆุฏ L Y ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ Y
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:19,680 --> 00:08:25,780
431
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ L of ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุณูˆุฉ ุณูุฑ L of E ุจุณูˆุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ู…
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:25,780 --> 00:08:34,440
435
+ ุจุณูŠุทุงุชL prime L of X to the R ุณูˆู‰ R L of X ูˆ Limit
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:39,720
439
+ L of X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ Zero ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุณูˆู‰ ุณุงู„ุจ ู„ู…ุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:39,720 --> 00:08:45,140
443
+ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆ Limit ู„L of X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:45,140 --> 00:08:48,520
447
+ ุณูˆู‰ ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุฃู† ุฏูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ูุงู†ูˆุง
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:48,520 --> 00:08:53,640
451
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุดุบู„ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุฃู†ูƒ ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:55,730 --> 00:09:02,210
455
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ูุถู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:02,210 --> 00:09:07,290
459
+ ุชูุงุถู„ู‡ E composite L of X ู„ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:07,290 --> 00:09:14,250
463
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠู† ุฃุนู…ู„ E composite L of X ุงู„ูƒู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:14,250 --> 00:09:19,370
467
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ X ูุงุถู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ E prime
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:26,060 --> 00:09:29,100
471
+ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ x ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ prime of x
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:34,780 --> 00:09:40,160
475
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ E prime of L of X ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ E
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:40,160 --> 00:09:44,300
479
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุงูŠู… of X ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ E prime composite
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:44,300 --> 00:09:48,340
483
+ L of X ูˆุงู„ู€ E prime ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ E ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:48,340 --> 00:09:51,140
487
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ E composite L of X ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ E
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:51,140 --> 00:09:54,640
491
+ composite L of X ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ X
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:57,660
495
+ ูุจุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ X ูุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุงูŠู… ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ X
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:57,660 --> 00:10:02,910
499
+ ู„ูƒู„ X ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ Zeroูˆ 1 ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุดูˆู
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:02,910 --> 00:10:06,710
503
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:06,710 --> 00:10:12,690
507
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ L of X ููŠ Y ุจุณูˆุง L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:12,690 --> 00:10:17,270
511
+ Y ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุณู‡ู„ ูˆุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูˆุณู‡ู„ุณ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุขู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:24,240 --> 00:10:27,240
515
+ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:27,240 --> 00:10:27,740
519
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:27,740 --> 00:10:27,900
523
+ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:27,900 --> 00:10:28,100
527
+ ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:28,100 --> 00:10:28,700
531
+ ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:28,700 --> 00:10:28,920
535
+ ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:32,100
539
+ ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:32,100 --> 00:10:43,400
543
+ ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F X
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:43,400 --> 00:10:51,850
547
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ F Xู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ E ูˆุงู„ู€ L ุงู†ูุฑุณุฉ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงู† ู…ู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:51,850 --> 00:10:55,130
551
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ exponential ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุตู„ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:55,130 --> 00:11:00,970
555
+ logarithmic ุฅุฐุง ุฃุถุฑุจ ู„ X ููŠ Y ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ X ููŠ Y
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:00,970 --> 00:11:05,190
559
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ E of U ููŠ E of V E of U ููŠ E of V ุฅูŠุด
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:05,190 --> 00:11:10,010
563
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ E of U ุฒุงุฆุฏ V ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:10,970 --> 00:11:15,270
567
+ ุฎูุฏ ุงู„ู€ L ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ inverse ู„ุจุนุถ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:15,270 --> 00:11:20,450
571
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ L of X ููŠ Y ุจุณุงูˆูŠ L of E of U ุฒุงุฆุฏ V
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:20,450 --> 00:11:24,410
575
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ U ุฒุงุฆุฏ V U ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† L
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:24,410 --> 00:11:30,750
579
+ of X ูˆ V ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† L of Y ุฅุฐุง ุฃุซุจุชุช L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ X
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:30,750 --> 00:11:39,370
583
+ ููŠ Y ุจุณุงูˆูŠ L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of Yุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ E
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:39,370 --> 00:11:47,050
587
+ of Zero ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎุฏู„ู‰ ุงู„ L ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ZL of
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:47,050 --> 00:11:53,010
591
+ E of Zero ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ L of ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ L of E of Zero ู‡ุฏูƒ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:53,010 --> 00:11:59,450
595
+ inverse ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงู„ู€ L of E of
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:59,450 --> 00:12:07,270
599
+ 1 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ L of EุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ู€ L of E of 1 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1ุŒ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:07,270 --> 00:12:12,230
603
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ L of E ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง L of E ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:12,230 --> 00:12:19,730
607
+ ูˆ L of 1 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒู„ุงู… ุณู‡ู„ุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:19,730 --> 00:12:23,710
611
+ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:27,210 --> 00:12:32,730
615
+ ู†ุฃุชูŠ ู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of X to the R ุจุณุงูˆุฉ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:32,730 --> 00:12:37,010
619
+ Zero ุจุณุงูˆุฉ R ููŠ L of X ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู‚ุงุด By
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:37,010 --> 00:12:41,910
623
+ Mathematical Induction ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:47,330
627
+ ุงู„ section ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ exponential
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:47,330 --> 00:12:52,830
631
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู…ุนุงุฏุฉ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:07,050 --> 00:13:11,430
635
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู‡ุชู„ุงุฌูˆู‡ุง ู…ุนุงุฏุฉ ูุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู†ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:11,430 --> 00:13:17,730
639
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ we show by induction L of X ุจุณูˆุง L L of X ุฒูŠ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:17,730 --> 00:13:21,850
643
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู„ุซุจุชู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ L of
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:21,850 --> 00:13:27,190
647
+ X ุนุงุฑูุด ุงู„ุฑุฒูˆู… ุฃุตู„ุง ุฃูุตู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุตู„ ู„ูˆ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:27,190 --> 00:13:32,790
651
+ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู„ูˆ ุงุชูุฌู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูุตู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ L of X ููŠ Y
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:32,790 --> 00:13:39,580
655
+ ุจุณูˆุง L of X ููŠ L of Yof x was n ุจุณุงูˆูŠ n ููŠ L of x
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:39,580 --> 00:13:44,060
659
+ ุทุจุนุง for n ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ a trivial ู†ูุชุฑุถ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:44,060 --> 00:13:48,180
663
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ L ู„ n ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ k ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ L of x was k
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:48,180 --> 00:13:53,080
667
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ k L of x ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุณุจ ู„ L of x was k ุฒุงุฆุฏ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:53,080 --> 00:13:59,480
671
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ L of x was k ููŠ xู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ L ู„ู‡ุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:59,480 --> 00:14:04,760
675
+ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณูˆุก L ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ X plus K ููŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:09,860
679
+ L ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ L of X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ K ุฏู‡
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:09,860 --> 00:14:19,600
683
+ ุจุณูˆุก K ููŠ L of X ุขุณู ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณูˆุก K L of Xู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:26,400
687
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู€ K ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of X ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ K ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ L of
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:31,520
691
+ X ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L ู„ K ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅุฐุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:31,520 --> 00:14:36,760
695
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู† ู„ูƒู„ N element in N ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:43,080
699
+ ุงู„ induction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู† ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† L
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:43,080 --> 00:14:49,710
703
+ of X ู‡ูˆ N ู„L of X ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุงู„ุงู† by VI ุงู„ู„ูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:49,710 --> 00:14:53,530
707
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ .. ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ููŠ ุญุฏ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:53,530 --> 00:14:58,890
711
+ ุงู„ exponential ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูˆุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชุนูŠุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ุดูˆู L
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:58,890 --> 00:15:03,680
715
+ of XM minus M ุฃูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ L of ูˆุงุญุฏุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:03,680 --> 00:15:05,860
719
+ X ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of ูˆุงุญุฏ L of ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:05,860 --> 00:15:11,040
723
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุณูุฑ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุณูˆู‰ L of XM ููŠ XM minus ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:11,040 --> 00:15:16,300
727
+ logarithmic ุจุทู„ุญ ุงู†ุฌู…ุน L of XM ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of X minus M
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:16,300 --> 00:15:21,920
731
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† M L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏL of X
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:21,920 --> 00:15:27,500
735
+ minus M ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู† M ููŠ L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of X
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:27,500 --> 00:15:32,040
739
+ minus M ุจุณูˆุง ุณูุฑ ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุทู„ุน
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:32,040 --> 00:15:35,760
743
+ L of X minus M ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุนุฏุช ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุณูˆุง ู†ุงู‚ุต M ููŠ L
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:35,760 --> 00:15:41,720
747
+ of X ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูƒู„ M ุณูˆุงุก ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุงูˆ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:41,720 --> 00:15:48,940
751
+ ุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of X ู‚ุต Mุจุณุงูˆุฉ M ููŠ L of X
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:48,940 --> 00:15:53,860
755
+ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:53,860 --> 00:15:57,360
759
+ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ R ู„ุงู† therefore for any M
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:57,360 --> 00:16:02,800
763
+ element in Z ูˆ N element in Nุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุญุณุจู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† L of
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:02,800 --> 00:16:07,020
767
+ X ุฃุณ M ุนู„ู‰ N ุจุณ ุถุฑุจู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ N ุจุนุฏ ุฅุฐู†ูƒ Y ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:07,020 --> 00:16:12,460
771
+ ู‡ูŠ L of X ุฃุณ M ุนู„ู‰ N ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุฃุณ N ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:12,460 --> 00:16:18,080
775
+ ู„ู„ N ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ N ูˆุงุชูุฌู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:18,080 --> 00:16:21,520
779
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ X ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ N ุจุชุทู„ุน
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:21,520 --> 00:16:27,410
783
+ ุจุฑุงุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ L of X plus M L of
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:27,410 --> 00:16:30,870
787
+ X plus M ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ M L of X
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:30,870 --> 00:16:34,270
791
+ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช M positive ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ negative ุตุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:34,270 --> 00:16:40,930
795
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ L
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:40,930 --> 00:16:44,910
799
+ of X of M ุนู„ู‰ N ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ M ุนู„ู‰ N ููŠ L of X ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:44,910 --> 00:16:49,490
803
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ุฃูŠ rational number ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ L of X R ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ R
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:49,490 --> 00:16:55,670
807
+ L of X ู„ูƒู„ R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชู…ูŠูŠู† NQ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:55,670 --> 00:16:57,230
811
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:08,180 --> 00:17:11,120
815
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:11,120 --> 00:17:15,260
819
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ limit ุชุจุน ุงู„ exponential ุนู†ุฏ 2 ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:15,260 --> 00:17:19,380
823
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ E n ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 2 ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:19,380 --> 00:17:19,920
827
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:19,920 --> 00:17:21,140
831
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:21,140 --> 00:17:22,840
835
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:22,840 --> 00:17:23,240
839
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:23,240 --> 00:17:26,700
843
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:26,700 --> 00:17:30,620
847
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:33,960 --> 00:17:39,580
851
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ L of E N ุจุณูˆุก N and ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of E
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:39,580 --> 00:17:44,020
855
+ minus N ุจุณูˆุก ู†ู‚ุต N ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฐุงูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงุฐุง for
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:44,020 --> 00:17:47,480
859
+ every N element in R there exists X element in R
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:47,480 --> 00:17:52,670
863
+ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† Nู„ูƒู„ N element in N ููŠ X
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:52,670 --> 00:17:56,350
867
+ element in R ุฃูƒูŠุฏ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† E N ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฎุณุฑุช
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:56,350 --> 00:18:00,590
871
+ N ุจูŠู† ุฅูŠุฏูŠุง ุญุณุจุช ุงู„ E N ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:00,590 --> 00:18:03,310
875
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ unbounded real numbers
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:03,310 --> 00:18:06,710
879
+ then L ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† L ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ L
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:06,710 --> 00:18:10,810
883
+ strictly increasing ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ L ููŠ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู†
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:10,810 --> 00:18:16,130
887
+ ุงู„ NA ุฃู„ูˆู E ุฃู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุฃู† limit ู‡ุฐู‡ as
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:16,130 --> 00:18:21,210
891
+ x goes to infinity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:21,210 --> 00:18:23,950
895
+ ู‡ูŠ limit ู‡ุฐู‡ as n goes to infinity ูˆูŠุณุงูˆู‰ infinity
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:23,950 --> 00:18:27,550
899
+ ู„ุฃู† ู„ูƒู„ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุงู† ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:27,550 --> 00:18:31,270
903
+ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:31,270 --> 00:18:34,970
907
+ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ limit L of X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:34,970 --> 00:18:41,040
911
+ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ similarlyุงู„ุงู† ู„ูƒู„ ู†ู‚ุต any
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:43,100
915
+ element in z positive ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ x element in r
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:45,740
919
+ positive ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† x ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:45,740 --> 00:18:46,340
923
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:46,340 --> 00:18:47,840
927
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:51,500
931
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:51,500 --> 00:18:57,960
935
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:02,520
939
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:02,520 --> 00:19:09,620
943
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ ุฃุทูŠุจ then L of X
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:09,620 --> 00:19:13,660
947
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ E to the minus N ูŠุนู†ูŠ L of X
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:13,660 --> 00:19:17,800
951
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต N ุฅุฐุง as N goes to
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:22,700
955
+ infinity as N goes to infinity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ E to the
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:22,700 --> 00:19:26,540
959
+ minus N ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„0 ู…ู†
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:26,540 --> 00:19:30,820
963
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ 0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:30,820 --> 00:19:34,580
967
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ limit L of X ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† limit E to the
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:34,580 --> 00:19:37,900
971
+ minus N ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃุฎุฑ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:37,900 --> 00:19:41,680
975
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ N ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ู‡ุฉ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:44,760
979
+ Infinity ุฅุฐุง limit L of X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ู‡ุฉ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:44,760 --> 00:19:50,920
983
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ Infinity ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ hence limit L of
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:50,920 --> 00:19:54,460
987
+ X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ Infinity
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:54,460 --> 00:19:58,500
991
+ ุทูŠุจ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:12,260 --> 00:20:16,320
995
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุณุงุฑุนู†ุง ุงู„ุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ bar
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:20,080
999
+ functions ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ bar functions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุงุก
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:20,080 --> 00:20:25,060
1003
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ bar functions
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:25,060 --> 00:20:28,880
1007
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ exercises ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูƒู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:28,880 --> 00:20:32,520
1011
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠูุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:32,520 --> 00:20:35,900
1015
+ ู…ุนุงูƒู… exercises ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:35,900 --> 00:20:40,720
1019
+ ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ฮฑ ูŠู„ูŠู…ู†ุชุงู† R ูˆ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0The
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:40,720 --> 00:20:43,320
1023
+ number X to the Alpha is defined to be .. ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏูŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:43,320 --> 00:20:46,940
1027
+ ุฃุนุฑู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง X to the Alpha X to the Alpha ุจุฏูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:46,940 --> 00:20:49,900
1031
+ ุฃุนุฑูู‡ุง .. ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑูู‡ุงุŸ ุจุฅูŠุดูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุนุฑู ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:49,900 --> 00:20:54,440
1035
+ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ exponential ู…ุนุฑูุฉ .. ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ len
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:54,440 --> 00:20:59,000
1039
+ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ .. ุฅุฐุง E to the Alpha ููŠ ู„ู† ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:03,820
1043
+ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุฑู ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุฑู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠ X to the Min to the
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:03,820 --> 00:21:07,400
1047
+ Alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Min E to the
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:12,040
1051
+ AlphaL of X L of X ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ E ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:12,040 --> 00:21:16,000
1055
+ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง X to the main to the alpha ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑุช
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,540
1059
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ X under this function ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:19,540 --> 00:21:23,120
1063
+ ุนุฑูุชู‡ุง ู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ function ุงู„ู€
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:23,120 --> 00:21:28,240
1067
+ R of X ุฅูŠุด ุนุฑูุชู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ X to the alphaุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:28,240 --> 00:21:31,680
1071
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ X ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูŠุดู…ู„ X to the Alpha ูˆ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:36,780
1075
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ X to the Alpha ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ power
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:21:36,780 --> 00:21:42,000
1079
+ function ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง power function with exponent
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:47,540
1083
+ mean Alpha ูˆ ุงู„ X ู‡ูŠ ุฃุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:21:47,540 --> 00:21:54,340
1087
+ 0 ุดูˆู ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุดูˆู ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:21:54,340 --> 00:21:56,460
1091
+ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:04,730 --> 00:22:08,690
1095
+ ุงู„ุงู† if x ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 and alpha ุจุณุงูˆุฉ m ุนู„ู‰ n where
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:08,690 --> 00:22:12,770
1099
+ m element in z ูˆ n element in n then we define x
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:12,770 --> 00:22:17,790
1103
+ to the alpha ุจุณุงูˆุฉ x to the m ุฃุณูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ n in
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:17,790 --> 00:22:23,110
1107
+ section mean ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ู‡ุชุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุฒู…ุงู† ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:23,110 --> 00:22:26,570
1111
+ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ rational number ุนุฑูู†ุง x to the m ุนู„ู‰
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:26,570 --> 00:22:30,630
1115
+ n ุจุณุงูˆุฉ x to the m ู„ูƒู„ ุฃุณูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ nู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:30,630 --> 00:22:34,510
1119
+ ..ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ู„ุชุนุฑูŠูู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:34,510 --> 00:22:41,670
1123
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ hence we have ู„ู† ุงู„ X to the Alpha ู„ู† ุงู„ X
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:41,670 --> 00:22:45,370
1127
+ to the Alpha ู„ู† ุงู„ X to the Alpha ุจุณุงูˆูŠ Alpha ู„ู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:45,370 --> 00:22:51,540
1131
+ ุงู„ Xุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูŠุจ where X to the Alpha ุจูŠุณูˆุง E
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:51,540 --> 00:22:56,260
1135
+ to the Lin X to the Min to the Alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณูˆุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:22:56,260 --> 00:23:01,020
1139
+ E to the Alpha ููŠ Min ููŠ Lin ุงู„ X ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:01,020 --> 00:23:05,740
1143
+ X to the Alpha ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† E
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:05,740 --> 00:23:10,570
1147
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ to the Lin X to the Alphaู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุณุชุจุฏู„ุช ุงู„ู€ x
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:10,570 --> 00:23:15,090
1151
+ to the alpha ุจู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:15,090 --> 00:23:18,630
1155
+ alpha ln x ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ e to the ln x to the
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:18,630 --> 00:23:24,510
1159
+ mean to the alpha ุฅุฐุง ุณูˆุงุก ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:24,510 --> 00:23:28,190
1163
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ exponent ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ ุงู„ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:23:28,190 --> 00:23:33,110
1167
+ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุชูŠู† ู†ูุณ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:23:33,110 --> 00:23:34,790
1171
+ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:23:37,160 --> 00:23:42,300
1175
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ exponential
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:23:42,300 --> 00:23:47,180
1179
+ ุงู„ power function ูˆ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ู‡ู†ุชุฑูƒู‡ ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:23:47,180 --> 00:23:54,600
1183
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุชุจุนู†ุง ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:23:54,600 --> 00:24:01,100
1187
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:01,100 --> 00:24:05,760
1191
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 8 3 11 ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช Alpha
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:11,340
1195
+ element in R ูˆ X ูˆ Y ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู„ูุชุฑุฉ Zero ูˆ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:11,340 --> 00:24:16,500
1199
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ Zero ูˆ ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุขุณู then ู…ุนู„ุด ุนุดุงู† ุฏู‡ ุทู„ุนุช
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:16,500 --> 00:24:20,450
1203
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู‚ุนุฏ ู†ู‚ู„ู ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุฃู†ุงIf ฮฑ element in R ูˆ X
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:24:20,450 --> 00:24:26,350
1207
+ Y belongs to 0 ฮฑ then 1 to the ฮฑ ุจุณูˆุก 1 ูˆ X to the
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:24:26,350 --> 00:24:30,270
1211
+ ฮฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูˆ X Y to the ฮฑ ุจุณูˆุก X to the ฮฑ ูˆ Y to
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:24:30,270 --> 00:24:35,590
1215
+ the ฮฑ ูˆ X ุนู„ู‰ Y to the ฮฑ ุจุณูˆุก X to the ฮฑ ุนู„ู‰ Y to
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:24:35,590 --> 00:24:39,370
1219
+ the ฮฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:24:39,370 --> 00:24:45,100
1223
+ ุชุนุฑูŠูู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ X to the ฮฑ ุจุณูˆุก Eof ฮฑ ู„ู† X ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:24:45,100 --> 00:24:49,800
1227
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชุนุฑูŠููƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:53,480
1231
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุดุชุบู„ ูˆ ุชุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:24:53,480 --> 00:24:57,680
1235
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุฑูŠูู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ X
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:58,570 --> 00:25:05,210
1239
+ to the alpha ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ E of alpha len ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of X
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:05,210 --> 00:25:10,650
1243
+ ุฃูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ notation ุชุจุนุชู†ุง E to the alpha len ุงู„ X
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:10,650 --> 00:25:15,710
1247
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:15,710 --> 00:25:23,290
1251
+ ู‡ูˆ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉูˆุชุจุฑู‡ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:23,290 --> 00:25:27,630
1255
+ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:25:27,630 --> 00:25:32,090
1259
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุฑุถู‡
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:25:32,090 --> 00:25:35,670
1263
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช Alpha ูˆ Beta element ุฑ ูˆ X ููŠ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:25:35,670 --> 00:25:40,640
1267
+ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ Zero ูˆู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง Xุชูˆ ุฏุง ุฃู„ูุฉ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุชุง
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:44,040
1271
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:25:44,040 --> 00:25:48,320
1275
+ ุชูุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:52,360
1279
+ ุจูˆุงุณุทุชู‡ุง ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู‡ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ X exponential ูˆุงู„ู†
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:25:52,360 --> 00:25:55,420
1283
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงู„ูƒ ุจุชุตู„ X ุชูˆ ุฏุง ุฃู„ูุฉ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:25:55,420 --> 00:25:58,310
1287
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุชุง ุจุณูˆุก X ุชูˆ ุฏุง ุฃู„ูุฉ ููŠ X ุชูˆ ุฏุง ุจูŠุชุงูˆ ู†ูุณ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:25:58,310 --> 00:26:05,170
1291
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก xยฒฮฑยฒฮฒ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ x ฮฑ beta ูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ xยฒฮฒยฒฮฑ ูˆ ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:05,170 --> 00:26:08,830
1295
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง xยฒ-ฮฑ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:08,830 --> 00:26:12,270
1299
+ ุนู„ู‰ xยฒฮฑ ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช alpha ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† beta
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:12,270 --> 00:26:17,770
1303
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† xยฒฮฑ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† xยฒฮฒ ู„ู…ุง ุงู† x ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 1 ูˆ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:17,770 --> 00:26:22,130
1307
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† x resources ู…ุนุงูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:22,130 --> 00:26:31,830
1311
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠูุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน let
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:26:31,830 --> 00:26:35,010
1315
+ alpha element in R then the function x ุจุงู„ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู€
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:26:35,010 --> 00:26:37,670
1319
+ x alpha ู…ู† 0 ูˆ 1 to R is continuous and
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:26:37,670 --> 00:26:41,210
1323
+ differentiable and ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ derivative ู„ู„ x to
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:26:41,210 --> 00:26:43,630
1327
+ the alpha ุจุณูˆุก alpha to the x to the alpha minus 1
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:26:43,630 --> 00:26:47,650
1331
+ for x element in 0 ูˆ 1 ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ู‡ูŠ composition
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:26:47,650 --> 00:26:54,490
1335
+ of two ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ function ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ continuousู‡ุฐุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:26:54,490 --> 00:26:57,650
1339
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ E ูƒู…ุงู† continuous ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:26:57,650 --> 00:26:59,850
1343
+ ู‡ุฐุง continuous ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง continuous ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุงู„
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:26:59,850 --> 00:27:02,870
1347
+ differentiability ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ function
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:02,870 --> 00:27:05,890
1351
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง X to the X to the Alpha ุญุณุจ ุชุนุฑูŠูู†ุง is
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:05,890 --> 00:27:09,410
1355
+ continuous and differentiable ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:09,410 --> 00:27:13,710
1359
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ derivative ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุงุถู„ ุฏูŠ ุงุชูุงุถู„ DX
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:27:13,710 --> 00:27:17,050
1363
+ Alpha ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชูุงุถู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒูŠู ุชุชูุงุถู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:27:17,050 --> 00:27:20,860
1367
+ exponential ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ E to the Alpha ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ Xูู‰
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:27:20,860 --> 00:27:25,580
1371
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ Alpha ูู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:27:25,580 --> 00:27:30,120
1375
+ X ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:27:30,120 --> 00:27:35,260
1379
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† E to the Alpha ู„ู† ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:27:35,260 --> 00:27:38,480
1383
+ ุงู„ X to the Alpha ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูู‰ ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:27:38,480 --> 00:27:43,080
1387
+ Alpha ุนู„ู‰ X ุจูŠุณุงูˆู‰ Alpha ุฃุณ X ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:27:43,080 --> 00:27:46,680
1391
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ Alpha ู…ุงู†ุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ for X element in zero
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:27:46,680 --> 00:27:53,250
1395
+ ูˆู…ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุงู„ุงู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:27:53,250 --> 00:28:01,010
1399
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุฐุง
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:01,010 --> 00:28:07,610
1403
+ ูƒุงู†ุช Alpha ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูุจุตูŠุฑ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:07,610 --> 00:28:11,970
1407
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ function ู…ู† X and X alpha is
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:11,970 --> 00:28:15,930
1411
+ strictly increasing ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุฉ 0 ูˆ ู…ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:15,930 --> 00:28:19,890
1415
+ ู„ู…ุง Alpha ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:28:19,890 --> 00:28:24,120
1419
+ ุจุธู„ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌุจูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู„ู ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:28:24,120 --> 00:28:27,180
1423
+ ุณูุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ derivative ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:28:27,180 --> 00:28:31,160
1427
+ ุณูุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฏู„ุฉ strictly increasing ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:28:31,160 --> 00:28:34,520
1431
+ ุฃู„ู ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ strictly
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:38,420
1435
+ decreasing ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฏู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:28:38,420 --> 00:28:42,180
1439
+ ุจุชุธู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช strictly decreasing
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:28:42,180 --> 00:28:45,360
1443
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู„ู ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ derivative ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:28:45,360 --> 00:28:48,880
1447
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† constant function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:28:48,880 --> 00:28:51,300
1451
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู„ู ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:28:53,910 --> 00:29:02,970
1455
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:02,970 --> 00:29:09,190
1459
+ ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ log function ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:09,190 --> 00:29:13,090
1463
+ a ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ len ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ e ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:29:13,090 --> 00:29:16,530
1467
+ ุขุฎุฑ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ุงุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุงุช
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:29:16,530 --> 00:29:19,930
1471
+ ู‡ุฏุง ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุตู…ู†ุง ุงู„ len ูˆ ุงู„ exponential ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:29:19,930 --> 00:29:25,920
1475
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ logุงู„ู„ุบุงุฑูŠุซู… ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ A ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† A
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:29:25,920 --> 00:29:28,860
1479
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูˆ A ู„ุงุช ุณูˆู‰ 1 it is sometimes useful to
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:29:28,860 --> 00:29:34,820
1483
+ define the function log ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ A ูƒู…ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† log A
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:29:34,820 --> 00:29:39,560
1487
+ of X ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ู† ุงู„ X ุนู„ู‰ ู„ู† ุงู„ A ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ A
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:29:39,560 --> 00:29:43,940
1491
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุซุงุจุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ log
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:29:43,940 --> 00:29:49,540
1495
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ exponential ุจุณ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุซุงุจุชุงู„ุฃู†
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:29:49,540 --> 00:29:52,920
1499
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ exponential ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุฑู ุงู„ุงู†
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:59,140
1503
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง log ุฃูˆ ุงู„ logarithm
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:29:59,140 --> 00:30:04,620
1507
+ ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ A ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ E ู‡ุฐุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ู„ู† ุงู„ E ูˆุงุญุฏ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:30:04,620 --> 00:30:09,320
1511
+ ุจู†ุตูŠุฑ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู† ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:30:09,320 --> 00:30:14,000
1515
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ A ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ E ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:17,060
1519
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง is called the logarithm of X to the base A
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:23,400
1523
+ Yields ุฏุง ุงู„ู€ logarithm ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:30:23,400 --> 00:30:28,020
1527
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:30:28,020 --> 00:30:32,220
1531
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ log to the base ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ common
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:30:32,220 --> 00:30:36,720
1535
+ logarithm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ูˆ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:30:36,720 --> 00:30:41,620
1539
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ section ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:30:41,620 --> 00:30:46,180
1543
+ ู‡ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุจูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:30:46,180 --> 00:30:52,240
1547
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:30:52,240 --> 00:30:54,660
1551
+ logarithmic function ูˆุงู„ power function ูˆุงู„
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:30:54,660 --> 00:31:00,040
1555
+ logarithmic ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฅู„ู‰
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:00,640
1559
+ ู„ู‚ุงุก
1560
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwavFmspRNWAhbDWNXQPDNlH/7kAGhF5ugUM.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2591 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:10,580 --> 00:00:15,760
3
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ ุญุณูŠู†ุŸ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:15,760 --> 00:00:18,980
7
+ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:18,980 --> 00:00:24,540
11
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฑู‚ู… 17
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:24,540 --> 00:00:29,900
15
+ ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ 2 ู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:29,900 --> 00:00:37,170
19
+ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:37,170 --> 00:00:41,490
23
+ ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ู‹ุง ู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:41,490 --> 00:00:48,070
27
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ integration as a limit ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:48,070 --> 00:00:51,970
31
+ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ integration ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:51,970 --> 00:00:56,950
35
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ upper integral U of F ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ lower
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:56,950 --> 00:01:01,710
39
+ integral L of F ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:01,710 --> 00:01:07,300
43
+ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:07,300 --> 00:01:11,440
47
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Integrability ูŠูƒุงูุฆ ุฅู† ู†ุตู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ limit
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:11,440 --> 00:01:14,760
51
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ integration ู…ู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:19,940
55
+ a ู„ู€ b of x dx ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุตู„ ููŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:19,940 --> 00:01:25,600
59
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ section 7-4 ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:28,840
63
+ condition ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ definition ูŠูƒุงูุฆ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ูˆู„
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:35,640
67
+ limit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ SB ูˆ F as norm B ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ mesh ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ B
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:35,640 --> 00:01:41,100
71
+ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 0 ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง exist ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:41,100 --> 00:01:45,380
75
+ ... ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ integration ู…ู† A ู„ู€ B F of X DX ูŠุนู†ูŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:45,380 --> 00:01:49,500
79
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ... ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:49,500 --> 00:01:55,460
83
+ Riemann Sum ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ู„ Riemann sum as ุงู„ู€
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:55,460 --> 00:02:00,020
87
+ partition B ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู€ 0 ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† exist ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:00,020 --> 00:02:04,220
91
+ F is integrable ูˆุงู„ู€ integration ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:04,220 --> 00:02:09,520
95
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ limit ูˆู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ integration exist
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:09,520 --> 00:02:14,040
99
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ limit ู‡ุฐุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:14,040 --> 00:02:18,300
103
+ exist ูˆู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ integration ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:18,300 --> 00:02:22,260
107
+ ุญู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:22,260 --> 00:02:27,380
111
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:27,380 --> 00:02:32,080
115
+ Riemann Sum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุฌูŠู†ุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:36,600
119
+ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุงู„ Riemann
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:41,140
123
+ Sum ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ lower sum ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ upper sum ูˆ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:41,140 --> 00:02:46,080
127
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุฌูŠู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„... ุงู„
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:47,220
131
+ ... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„...
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:47,220 --> 00:02:47,280
135
+ ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:47,280 --> 00:02:48,000
139
+ ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:48,120
143
+ ... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„...
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:48,120 --> 00:02:49,580
147
+ ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:49,580 --> 00:02:49,700
151
+ ... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„...
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:49,700 --> 00:02:50,220
155
+ ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:50,220 --> 00:02:59,260
159
+ ... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„... ุฅุฐุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:59,260 --> 00:03:03,200
163
+ ูƒุงู†ุช F Integrable ุฅุฐุง ู„ูƒู„ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ู†ุฌุฏ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:03,200 --> 00:03:07,220
167
+ partition ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆ by such that ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠ ุฃูŠ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:07,220 --> 00:03:10,600
171
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ refinement partition refinement ู„ู„ุจูŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:10,600 --> 00:03:14,260
175
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:14,260 --> 00:03:18,540
179
+ S P U F ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Riemann Sum ุจูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ absolute
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:18,540 --> 00:03:21,300
183
+ value ุงู„ integration ุจูŠู† S ุจูŠ ูˆ F ู…ู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:21,300 --> 00:03:24,840
187
+ integration ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:24,840 --> 00:03:28,460
191
+ F is integrable ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุจุญูŠุซ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ B
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:28,460 --> 00:03:31,540
195
+ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ absolute value ุจูŠู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:31,540 --> 00:03:36,400
199
+ ุงู„ Riemann Sum ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:36,820 --> 00:03:41,900
203
+ ุทูŠุจ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒุชุจู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:41,900 --> 00:03:46,240
207
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุฑู‡ู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:52,110
211
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช F is bounded ุงู„ุขู†...
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:52,110 --> 00:03:57,250
215
+ ูˆู‚ุฏุฑู†ุง... ูˆุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:57,250 --> 00:04:01,830
219
+ number a ูŠุญู‚ู‚ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ุฐุง number a ูŠุญู‚ู‚ ุฃู† ู„ูƒู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:01,830 --> 00:04:04,890
223
+ epsilon ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูˆู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุจูŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:04,890 --> 00:04:11,040
227
+ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆ S ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠ Riemann Sum ูˆ then ุงู„ู„ูŠ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:11,040 --> 00:04:16,060
231
+ ู‡ูŠ S, B ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต a ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:16,060 --> 00:04:19,480
235
+ ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ ุงุชุญู‚ู‚ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ a ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู„ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:24,180
239
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:24,180 --> 00:04:27,740
243
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุจูŠ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Riemann
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:27,740 --> 00:04:32,030
247
+ Sum ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ ุงู„ conditions ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:32,030 --> 00:04:35,410
251
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู† F ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุŸ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:35,410 --> 00:04:39,270
255
+ Integrable ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญู‚ู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:39,270 --> 00:04:44,050
259
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ integration ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:44,050 --> 00:04:51,120
263
+ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุฌูŠู†ุง ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ุดูˆ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ mesh ุฃูˆ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:54,800
267
+ ุงู„ norm ุฅุฐุง ุจุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุงู„ mesh ุฃูˆ ุงู„ norm ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:54,800 --> 00:05:00,140
271
+ supremum ู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ subintervals ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:00,140 --> 00:05:03,060
275
+ partition ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ norm ู„ู„ุจูŠุจุณ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ supremum ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:03,060 --> 00:05:07,280
279
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูˆุงู„ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ subintervals ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:07,280 --> 00:05:11,550
283
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ partition B ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„ mesh ุฃูˆ ุงู„ norm ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:11,550 --> 00:05:17,230
287
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ูˆุตุบูู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู†ุฏ Darboux's
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:17,230 --> 00:05:20,690
291
+ theorem ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุดุฑุญ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ Darboux's
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:20,690 --> 00:05:24,230
295
+ theorem ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด Darboux's theorem ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู‚ูˆู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:24,230 --> 00:05:28,990
299
+ ู„ูŠ let i ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ a ูˆ b ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ bounded interval ูˆ F
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:28,990 --> 00:05:32,910
303
+ ู…ู† I ู„ุนู†ุจ R Integrable on I in the sense of
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:32,910 --> 00:05:38,050
307
+ definition 716 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† F is an
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:38,050 --> 00:05:42,830
311
+ integrable function ุญุณุจ ุชุนุฑูŠู 716 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:42,830 --> 00:05:46,470
315
+ upper integral ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ lower integral ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:46,470 --> 00:05:50,350
319
+ integration ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ definition 716 ุงู„ุขู†
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:50,350 --> 00:05:56,710
323
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ then for every epsilon ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 then for
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:56,710 --> 00:06:02,450
327
+ every epsilon ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ there exists delta such
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:02,450 --> 00:06:07,150
331
+ that ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† P is any partition of I ูˆุงู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:07,150 --> 00:06:11,710
335
+ norm P ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† Delta ูˆูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ S P ูˆ F ุงู„ู„ูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:11,710 --> 00:06:15,810
339
+ ู‡ูˆ is any corresponding Riemann sum then ุงู„
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:15,810 --> 00:06:19,450
343
+ integration ุจูŠู† ุงู„ S P... ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ integration
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:19,450 --> 00:06:23,670
347
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ S P ูˆุงู„ integration ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:23,670 --> 00:06:28,990
351
+ Epsilon ุจุณ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:28,990 --> 00:06:29,910
355
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ ุญุณู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:59,460 --> 00:07:03,900
359
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ... ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุจุณุฌู„... ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:03,900 --> 00:07:08,400
363
+ ุฃู‡ ููŠ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:16,360
367
+ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุŸ ู…ู† ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒ ููŠ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุŸ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:18,500
371
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฃ ูŠุง ุนู… ุฃู†ุง ุฑูˆุญุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ูˆู„ูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:18,500 --> 00:07:27,580
375
+ ุทู„ุนู† ุฃู‡... ุจุนุฑูุด... ุจุนุฑูุด ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:27,580 --> 00:07:33,080
379
+ ู„ุฃ ุจู‚ู‰ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุง ุฑุงุฌู„ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:33,080 --> 00:07:40,800
383
+ ... ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ู„ูŠุดุŸ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:40,800 --> 00:07:44,040
387
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…... ุจุณ ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ู…ุน ุงู„ุณู„ุงู…
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:32,780 --> 00:08:36,900
391
+ ุงุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุชู„ูŠููˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… 1600 ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู„ู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:36,900 --> 00:08:41,780
395
+ ุฏู‡
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:41,780 --> 00:08:45,660
399
+ ุงู„ุฏุณ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:45,660 --> 00:08:50,040
403
+ ุงู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฑูˆุญ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุจูˆ ุจู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฑูˆุญ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:15,660 --> 00:09:18,500
407
+ ูˆุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ ุณุงู…ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุญุงู„ูƒุŸ ูƒูŠู ุตุญุชูƒุŸ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:18,500 --> 00:09:21,980
411
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุจุงุฑูƒ ููŠูƒ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุนู†ูƒ ู‡ู„ ููŠ ุฅู„ูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:21,980 --> 00:09:28,260
415
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุณู†ู‘ุงู‚ุŸ ูˆุชุงุจุนุฉ ูŠุงุณุฑุŸ ุทุจ... ุทุจ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:28,260 --> 00:09:33,820
419
+ ... ู…ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูƒุŸ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจุชุณุฃู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ... ู„ูˆ ุฃุจูˆ ุฃูƒุฑู…
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:33,820 --> 00:09:36,880
423
+ ุฃุฎุฐู† ุจุณ ูˆุญุทู† ููŠ ุบุฑูุชูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจุตูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:42,060
427
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู‡... ุงู‡... ุงู‡... ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุจุงุฑูƒ ููŠูƒ ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุฃู†ุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:42,060 --> 00:09:50,370
431
+ ุจุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ูˆ ุงู‡ ุงู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:50,370 --> 00:09:54,770
435
+ ู„ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุณ ุจู†ุชุฃุฎุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:54,770 --> 00:09:59,950
439
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุธู„ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฑูุน ุญุงุฌุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:59,950 --> 00:10:03,290
443
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:03,290 --> 00:10:03,490
447
+ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:03,490 --> 00:10:06,830
451
+ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:06,830 --> 00:10:08,250
455
+ ุจ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:27,230 --> 00:10:30,330
459
+ ุฅุฐู† Darboux's theorem ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช F
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:30,330 --> 00:10:34,600
463
+ integrable function ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูƒู„ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:38,780
467
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ Delta ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠ ุฃูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:38,780 --> 00:10:41,620
471
+ partition ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„... ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„... ุงู„... ุงู„
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:41,620 --> 00:10:44,980
475
+ norm ู„ู„ู€ B ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† Delta ูˆ S, B ูˆ F ุฃูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:44,980 --> 00:10:49,420
479
+ corresponding Riemann Sum ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ B ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู†
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:49,420 --> 00:10:52,860
483
+ ุงู„ absolute value ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุจูŠู† S, B ูˆ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:52,860 --> 00:10:57,780
487
+ F ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ integration ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:57,780 --> 00:11:02,190
491
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุจุทู†ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ integration ุงู„ integration
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:02,190 --> 00:11:08,710
495
+ ู„ู„ F ู„ูˆ F is integrable ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุจู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:08,710 --> 00:11:18,140
499
+ 716 ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ limit ุงู„ SB ูˆ F as norm B
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:18,140 --> 00:11:24,320
503
+ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุตูุฑ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท integration ู…ู† A ู„ู€ B F of X
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:24,320 --> 00:11:29,260
507
+ DX ู„ุฃู† ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:29,260 --> 00:11:32,160
511
+ epsilon delta Definition for every epsilon ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:32,160 --> 00:11:36,740
515
+ ุตูุฑ there exists delta ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ such that if
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:36,740 --> 00:11:43,170
519
+ norm B ุฃุตุบุฑุŒ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฏู„ุชุง then ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:43,170 --> 00:11:46,810
523
+ ุงู„ู€ absolute value ู„ู„ู€ S, P ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:46,810 --> 00:11:52,650
527
+ integration ู…ู† A ู„ู€ B F of X DX ูƒู„ู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู†
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:52,650 --> 00:11:56,790
531
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุชู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู„ูƒู„ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:56,790 --> 00:12:01,870
535
+ Delta ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃูŠ partition ู†ูˆุฑู…ู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† Delta
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:01,870 --> 00:12:05,510
539
+ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Riemann Sum ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:05,510 --> 00:12:08,910
543
+ Integration ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† Epsilon ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:08,910 --> 00:12:11,990
547
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ุง Darboux's Theorem ุฃู† ู„ูˆ F is
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:11,990 --> 00:12:15,610
551
+ integrable ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ limit ู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:15,610 --> 00:12:18,730
555
+ Riemann Sum ู‡ูˆ ุญูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ integration ุงู„ู„ูŠ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:18,730 --> 00:12:23,330
559
+ ูุฑุถู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:23,330 --> 00:12:29,380
563
+ ุงู†ุจุฑู‡ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ ูˆุงุชุจุนูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:29,380 --> 00:12:35,200
567
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุตู„ ู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุทูŠุจ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:41,370
571
+ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุจู…ุง ุฃู† F is integrable ุงู„ู€
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:41,370 --> 00:12:42,290
575
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:42,290 --> 00:12:42,330
579
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:42,330 --> 00:12:43,190
583
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:43,190 --> 00:12:43,510
587
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:43,510 --> 00:12:44,470
591
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:44,470 --> 00:12:50,750
595
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:50,750 --> 00:12:52,070
599
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:52,070 --> 00:12:53,590
603
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:53,590 --> 00:12:53,750
607
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:53,750 --> 00:12:54,490
611
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:54,490 --> 00:12:54,910
615
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:54,910 --> 00:13:02,270
619
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุฎูุฑุถุช epsilon
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:02,270 --> 00:13:06,870
623
+ arbitrary ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ delta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:06,870 --> 00:13:10,630
627
+ norm ุจูŠู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† delta ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:10,630 --> 00:13:14,710
631
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† epsilon ู„ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฑุงูŠุญ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุฃู†
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:14,710 --> 00:13:19,400
635
+ ุฅุฐู† ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุฃูู†ุชูŠ ุฌุฑุจุช ู„ูƒู„ epsilon ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:19,400 --> 00:13:23,980
639
+ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ partition ุงู„ุขู† ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ x0 ูˆ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:23,980 --> 00:13:29,400
643
+ x1 ู„ุนู†ุฏูŠ xn such that ุงู„ U ุงู„ upper sum ู„ู„ ุจูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:29,400 --> 00:13:32,340
647
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ lower sum ู„ู„ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆ F ุฃุตุบุฑ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:32,340 --> 00:13:35,780
651
+ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุงุด ุฃู†ุง ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:35,780 --> 00:13:38,700
655
+ ู„ู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุทุจุนุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:38,700 --> 00:13:45,040
659
+ ุงู„ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฑูŠู…ุงู† criterion ุฃูˆ ุงู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:51,190
663
+ integrable criterion ุทูŠุจ moreover ู„ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:51,190 --> 00:13:55,650
667
+ ุงู„ B ุฃูŠ B partition ุจุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:55,650 --> 00:13:59,550
671
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ refinement
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:59,550 --> 00:14:04,410
675
+ ู…ุฏุงู… refinement ุงู„ refinement ุงู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ lower
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:04,410 --> 00:14:09,670
679
+ ุจุนู„ู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ upper ุจู‚ุงุดู‡ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:09,670 --> 00:14:13,030
683
+ ุงู„ lower ู„ู„ refine .. ู„ู„ refinement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุญุณูŠู†
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:13,030 --> 00:14:17,240
687
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆูŠ ุณูˆู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ lower ู„ู„ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆุฃูƒูŠุฏ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:20,840
691
+ ุงู„ู€ lower ู„ู„ B ูˆ ุงู„ F ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ุณูˆุก ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑ ู„ู„ B
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:20,840 --> 00:14:24,780
695
+ ูˆ ุงู„ F in general ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑ ู„ู„ B ูˆ F ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ุฏุงู…ู‡
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:24,780 --> 00:14:29,600
699
+ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุจุตุบุฑ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:34,960
703
+ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† U, B, Y ูˆ F ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ..
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:45,230
707
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ L .. ุงู„ L, B, Y ูˆ F ูˆู‡ุฐุง L, B ูˆ F ูˆู‡ุฐุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:45,230 --> 00:14:51,650
711
+ ุงู„ู€ U, B ูˆ F ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ U, B, E, F ูˆุงุถุญ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:51,650 --> 00:14:58,430
715
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ U, B, E, F ูˆ ุงู„ู€ L, B, E, F ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:58,430 --> 00:15:02,550
719
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ U ูˆ ุงู„ู€ L ู„ู„ู€ B ูˆ ุงู„ู€ F ูŠุนู†ูŠ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:05,710
723
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:05,710 --> 00:15:12,000
727
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ U, B, F ู†ู‚ุต lbf ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:15,240
731
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ู€ U ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู†ู‚ุต ู„ L ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆ F ู‡ุฐุง
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:15,240 --> 00:15:21,260
735
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุญุตู„ู†ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:21,260 --> 00:15:24,940
739
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ U ุจูŠ ุฅู
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:24,940 --> 00:15:29,500
743
+ ูˆ ุงู„ L ุจูŠ ุฅู ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:29,500 --> 00:15:35,360
747
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃูŠุจ ู„ุฌุฃุช ุงู„ู€
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:35,360 --> 00:15:39,840
751
+ ุจุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆ ุฃูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ ุจุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู„ุฌุฆู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:39,840 --> 00:15:47,880
755
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ U ุจูŠ ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ L ุจูŠ ูˆ F ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู†
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:47,880 --> 00:15:53,710
759
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ 3 ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:53,710 --> 00:15:57,170
763
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงุฏูˆุฑุชู†ุง ุน ู…ูŠู† ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:57,170 --> 00:16:01,210
767
+ ุงุฏูˆุฑุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Delta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ Norm ุจูŠู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:01,210 --> 00:16:04,330
771
+ ู…ู† Delta ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูŠู…ุงู† ุตู…ูˆุง ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:04,330 --> 00:16:08,670
775
+ integration ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ู…ู† ุฃุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุฏุนูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:08,670 --> 00:16:15,060
779
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูƒุงุชุจ ุจุชุฏุนูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ Delta ุจู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุชุดูˆู
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:15,060 --> 00:16:17,960
783
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูุนู„ุงู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Delta ุจุชุญู‚ู‚ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ Delta ู‡ุฐู‡
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:22,160
787
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅุญุณุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุดุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ูƒุงู…ู„ ูˆ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:26,400
791
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุฌุฃ ุงู„ุฅุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:26,400 --> 00:16:30,540
795
+ Epsilon ุงู„ุฏู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:30,540 --> 00:16:34,560
799
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ Delta ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ู€ F is bounded,
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:34,740 --> 00:16:37,220
803
+ integrable ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฏุงู… bounded ุฃูˆ integrable
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:37,220 --> 00:16:41,460
807
+ ุงู„ุณุจุฑูŠู…ู… ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฎุฐ ุงู„ู€ Supremum
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:41,460 --> 00:16:45,200
811
+ ู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ F of X ู„ู„ู€ X element in the interval
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:45,200 --> 00:16:49,940
815
+ I ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ M CapitalุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:49,940 --> 00:16:54,360
819
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงุฏุนูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅู† ุฏู„ุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุธุจุท ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูˆ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:57,320
823
+ ุชุฌูŠุจู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:57,320 --> 00:17:00,180
827
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏู„ุชุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:00,180 --> 00:17:05,140
831
+ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ N ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ููŠ M N ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ N ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุธู‡ุฑุช ููŠ ุงู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:05,140 --> 00:17:09,750
835
+ partition ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ partition ุงู„ู„ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:09,750 --> 00:17:14,490
839
+ ุฌุฒุฃู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ N ุฒุงุฆุฏ 1 ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ partition ุงู„ู„ูŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:14,490 --> 00:17:19,790
843
+ ู„ุฌูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠู…ุงู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ integrability ู„ู„ุฃู ุฅุฐุงู‹
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:19,790 --> 00:17:24,370
847
+ where ุงู„ู€ N ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ is the number of parts in B
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:24,370 --> 00:17:29,190
851
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Delta ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ 12 ููŠ N
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:29,190 --> 00:17:33,370
855
+ ุงู„ู€ N ุงุฑุชุจุทุช ุจุงู„ partition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฌูŠุชู‡ ูˆุงู„ู€ M ู‡ูŠ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:33,370 --> 00:17:39,250
859
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ supremum ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:39,250 --> 00:17:41,410
863
+ ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:46,350 --> 00:17:53,750
867
+ Now let Q ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Y not Y ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ Y ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุนู†ุฏ Y M
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:53,750 --> 00:17:59,890
871
+ ู…ุด NุŒ Y M ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจู€ any partition of I with ุงู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:59,890 --> 00:18:03,550
875
+ absolute value ู„ู„ู€Q ุฃูˆ ุงู„ norm ู„ู„ู€Q ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† Delta
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:04,420 --> 00:18:08,500
879
+ ุฃูŠุด ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุตู„ ู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ุงุŸ ุฃูŠุด
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:08,500 --> 00:18:12,080
883
+ ุบุฑุถูŠุŸ ุฅู† ู„ูƒู„ epsilon ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ delta
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:12,080 --> 00:18:16,600
887
+ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูŠ partition ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† delta norm ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:16,600 --> 00:18:21,320
891
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุฑู…ุงู† ุตู…ู‡ ูˆุงู„ integration ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† epsilon
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:21,320 --> 00:18:27,660
895
+ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุญุท ุฃูŠุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญ ูˆุฃุตู„ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ let Q
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:27,660 --> 00:18:34,780
899
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Y0 Y1 YM ุจุฃูŠ partition Norm ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:34,780 --> 00:18:40,260
903
+ ู…ู† Delta ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฎู„ุต
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:40,260 --> 00:18:47,200
907
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฃุซุจุชู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ absolute value ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:47,200 --> 00:18:55,230
911
+ S ุงู„ UF ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ integration ู…ู† ู‚ู„ุจูŠ f of x dx ูŠุทู„ุน
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:55,230 --> 00:19:00,290
915
+ ู„ูŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ุฃุซุจุชุช ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:00,290 --> 00:19:05,830
919
+ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑูŠ ู„ู„ู€ Delta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ cues
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:05,830 --> 00:19:10,490
923
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ูˆุฑู‡ู… ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† Delta ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุงู‚ุต ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:10,490 --> 00:19:14,210
927
+ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฎู„ุตุช ูˆุจุฑู‡ู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุธุฑูŠุชูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:14,210 --> 00:19:19,350
931
+ Darboux theorem ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:19,350 --> 00:19:24,810
935
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุชุนุงู„ูŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:24,810 --> 00:19:31,630
939
+ ู„ุฃู† let Q*) ุจุณูˆู‰ Q ุงุชุญุงุฏูŠู† ุจุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:31,630 --> 00:19:37,210
943
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฌูŠุชู‡ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:38,430 --> 00:19:43,870
947
+ ุจุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† a ู„ุนู†ุฏ b ุจุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุด
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:43,870 --> 00:19:50,850
951
+ ุฌุฒุฃุฉ ู„ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐูŠ x note ู‡ุฐูŠ x1 ู‡ุฐูŠ x2 ู‡ุฐูŠ x3
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:50,850 --> 00:19:56,430
955
+ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ xn ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูŠู† xn ุงู„ู„ูŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:56,430 --> 00:20:01,390
959
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ b ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฃู‡ุง ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:01,390 --> 00:20:08,190
963
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุจุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชุฌุฒุฃุช ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุจู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€ Q
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:08,190 --> 00:20:17,270
967
+ ุงู„ู€ Q ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุฏุฃุช ุจ Y note ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ Y1 ูˆ Y2 ูˆ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:17,270 --> 00:20:24,950
971
+ Y3 ู„ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุคุตู„ ู„ุนู†ุฏ Y M ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ YM
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:24,950 --> 00:20:29,730
975
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€B ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€Q ุฌุฒู‚ุชู‡ุง
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:29,730 --> 00:20:33,430
979
+ ุจุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุฅู† ุงู„ู€Q ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:33,430 --> 00:20:38,950
983
+ ู„ู†ูˆุฑู…ู‡ุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† Delta ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุฏ Q*)
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:38,950 --> 00:20:46,150
987
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุงู„ู€Q ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€Bุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุขู†
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:46,150 --> 00:20:54,880
991
+ ุงู„ู€Q ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณุงูˆุฉ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุณุชุงุฑ ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู„ู€ Q ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:54,880 --> 00:21:01,100
995
+ Q star ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ X not ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง Y not
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:01,100 --> 00:21:06,840
999
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ Xn ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Yn ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:11,380
1003
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† X ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุนู†ุฏ Xn ู†ู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:11,380 --> 00:21:16,890
1007
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช ุนู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุญุฏูˆุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ู…
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:16,890 --> 00:21:21,430
1011
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ู†ู‘ูŠ sub intervals ุฒูŠุงุฏุงุช ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุญุฏูˆุฏู‡ู…
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:21,430 --> 00:21:27,290
1015
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ X1 ูˆ X2 ูˆ X3 ูˆ X-1 ู…ุงุชู†ุทุจู‚ุด ูˆู„ุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:27,290 --> 00:21:33,810
1019
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ Y1 ูˆู„ุง Y2 ูˆู„ุง Y3 ูˆู„ุง Y ุฃู… minus 1 ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:33,810 --> 00:21:38,410
1023
+ ุงู†ุทุจู‚ู„ู†ุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูŠู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:38,410 --> 00:21:42,630
1027
+ intervals ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู…ู„ุชู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุนู† ูุชุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:42,630 --> 00:21:46,550
1031
+ ุฌุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฏุงุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฅุฌุช
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:46,550 --> 00:21:51,390
1035
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ X1 ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ุฉ ูุชุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:51,390 --> 00:21:58,930
1039
+ ุฅุฌูŠู†ุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ M1 star ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ M1
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:58,930 --> 00:22:02,470
1043
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ maximum ุฃูˆ ุงู„ supreme ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:02,470 --> 00:22:09,510
1047
+ ุงู„ partition ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ Q star ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† M2*)
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:09,510 --> 00:22:15,670
1051
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ M1*) ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:15,670 --> 00:22:20,490
1055
+ Supremum ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Q ู„ูˆ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:20,490 --> 00:22:27,030
1059
+ ุฃุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู€ Maximum ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฃูˆ Supremum ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ M1
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:27,030 --> 00:22:32,970
1063
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ M1 ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู€ M1 Star ูˆุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ M2
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:32,970 --> 00:22:37,610
1067
+ Star ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ M1 ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ M1 Star ุนู„ู‰
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:37,610 --> 00:22:41,070
1071
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงู„ู€ M2 Star ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Supremum
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:41,070 --> 00:22:44,670
1075
+ ู„ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฎุชู„ู
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:44,670 --> 00:22:49,860
1079
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Supremum ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:49,860 --> 00:22:55,060
1083
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ subintervals ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ุชูˆู„ุฏู„ูŠ M1 maximum
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:55,060 --> 00:23:00,700
1087
+ ู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ู„ู„ู€ function ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ ุจุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ู…ูŠู†
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:00,700 --> 00:23:07,240
1091
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู€ N ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:07,240 --> 00:23:12,420
1095
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ N ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ N
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:12,420 --> 00:23:19,420
1099
+ ู‡ุชุชูˆุฒุน .. ู‡ุชุชูˆุฒุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ X1 ูˆุงู„ู€ X2 ู„ุฅุฐุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:19,420 --> 00:23:23,280
1103
+ ุงุฎุชู„ูู† ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุชูˆุฒุนู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช ู‡ูŠุชูˆุฒุนู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:28,870
1107
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฌุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู€ YM ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:28,870 --> 00:23:33,970
1111
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ M ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ N ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุถุงู„ ุจุฏูˆู†
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:33,970 --> 00:23:39,870
1115
+ ู…ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ X1 ุฃูˆ X2 ุฃูˆ X3 ู‡ุชุณูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:39,870 --> 00:23:43,810
1119
+ partition ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ Q ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:43,810 --> 00:23:50,140
1123
+ partition main ุงู„ู€ Q ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ M ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ star ูˆ ุงู„
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:50,140 --> 00:23:56,440
1127
+ M ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจู†ูุณ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:56,440 --> 00:24:02,600
1131
+ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌูŠู†ุง ุทุฑุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:02,600 --> 00:24:09,860
1135
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ lower sum ุงู„ upper sum ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Q star ู…ุน ุงู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:09,860 --> 00:24:16,340
1139
+ upper sum ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Q ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:16,340 --> 00:24:22,810
1143
+ ู‡ูˆ M ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ M ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Star ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ M ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:22,810 --> 00:24:27,350
1147
+ Star ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ู…ุด
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:27,350 --> 00:24:31,050
1151
+ ู‡ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ M ู†ุงู‚ุต M ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Star ุตูุฑ ุฅุฐู†
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:31,050 --> 00:24:36,110
1155
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ูƒู… ูุชุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ุงูŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:36,110 --> 00:24:41,710
1159
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจุถู„ ุฃู…ุดูŠ ู„ู€ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฅู† ุนุฏุฏู†ุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:41,710 --> 00:24:45,330
1163
+ ู…ู† X1 ุนู†ุฏ XN ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:45,330 --> 00:24:49,130
1167
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ sub intervals ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฌุฏุงุฏ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:49,130 --> 00:24:54,390
1171
+ ุนู…ู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 2 ููŠ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุฌุณู…ุช ุชู†ุชูŠู†
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:54,390 --> 00:25:00,590
1175
+ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุขู† ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ summation ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ูˆ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:00,590 --> 00:25:08,230
1179
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ U ุงู„ู€ U star ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ F ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ U
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:08,230 --> 00:25:14,910
1183
+ ุงู„ู€ QF ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠุชุตูุฑ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:14,910 --> 00:25:19,070
1187
+ ุญูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุตู…ูŠู‡ ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:19,070 --> 00:25:23,790
1191
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง MK MJ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:23,790 --> 00:25:28,870
1195
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ M star K ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:28,870 --> 00:25:34,900
1199
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงุด ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูุฆุฉ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:34,900 --> 00:25:40,240
1203
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุงุช ููŠ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:40,240 --> 00:25:43,680
1207
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุช .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:43,680 --> 00:25:48,720
1211
+ ุงู„ู€ Q*) ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ูˆุงุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ZK ู†ุงู‚ุต ZK ู…ุงูŠู†ุต
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:48,720 --> 00:25:53,700
1215
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู€U ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€U
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:53,700 --> 00:25:59,270
1219
+ ุจุธู‡ุฑ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ summation ู„ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:59,270 --> 00:26:04,390
1223
+ ุงู„ู€ two ูุฆุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ terms ู†ุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:04,390 --> 00:26:12,830
1227
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงุชุจูˆุง ุดูˆู ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู€ Q star ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Q ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู…ู†
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:12,830 --> 00:26:17,930
1231
+ ุงู„ู€ B ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Q star ุตุงุฑ refinement ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ B
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:17,930 --> 00:26:23,620
1235
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Q*) ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ has at most
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:23,620 --> 00:26:28,540
1239
+ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ more than points than main Q ุนู„ู‰
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:28,540 --> 00:26:32,660
1243
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Q*) ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:32,660 --> 00:26:38,040
1247
+ Q*) ุนู†ุฏ Canon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Q ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุฃู…ุณุญ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:38,040 --> 00:26:45,900
1251
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุจุณ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ By ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:45,900 --> 00:26:54,870
1255
+ By ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† X0X1 Xm-1 ู„ุนู†ุฏ Xm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ Q ู‡ูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:54,870 --> 00:27:04,190
1259
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Y0 Y1 Ym-1 ู„ุนู†ุฏ Ym ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ Q*) ุฅูŠุด
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:04,190 --> 00:27:10,910
1263
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐูŠ ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู‡ู… ู†ูุณู‡ู… ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:10,910 --> 00:27:17,650
1267
+ Z0 ูˆ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ุจุฃุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ Z ู…ูŠู† ZB ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:17,650 --> 00:27:23,390
1271
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู€ Q*) ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:23,390 --> 00:27:30,170
1275
+ ุงู„ู€ Q ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุด ู…ูƒุฑุฑุงุช ู…ู†
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:30,170 --> 00:27:35,430
1279
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฎุงู„ุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:35,430 --> 00:27:41,890
1283
+ ุงู„ู€ Q*) ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ Q ุจู€ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:42,200 --> 00:27:50,720
1287
+ ูˆูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงุชูƒุฑุฑุช ู…ุนู‡ุง ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุง
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:50,720 --> 00:27:57,000
1291
+ ุงุชูƒุฑุฑุชุด ู…ุง ุงุชูƒุฑุฑุชุด ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุนุฏุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:03,000
1295
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ YM ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒุฑุฑุชุด ูˆู„ุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:07,700
1299
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ Q start ุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ Q ุจู€ N
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:07,700 --> 00:28:10,740
1303
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:12,960 --> 00:28:17,560
1307
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ุฅุฐู† So Q star ุชุญุชูˆูŠ B ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† and Q
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:17,560 --> 00:28:21,780
1311
+ star has at most N ู†ู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ more points than Q
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:21,780 --> 00:28:26,220
1315
+ namely those points among ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:26,220 --> 00:28:30,080
1319
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ X ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ X N
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:35,200
1323
+ ุงู„ X N ู†ู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ that is belongs to B star but not
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:35,200 --> 00:28:40,560
1327
+ to ู…ูŠู† to Q ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุงุช ุทูŠุจ ู†ุทู„ุน
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:40,560 --> 00:28:48,130
1331
+ ู„ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Q ุตุงุฑ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ู„ู€ Q ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:48,130 --> 00:28:53,850
1335
+ UQ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ UQ ุตุงุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุณูˆุงุก 0 ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู†
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:53,850 --> 00:28:58,890
1339
+ ุงู„ู€ refinement ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู„ู„ upper sum ุจูŠุฌู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนุดุงู†
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:58,890 --> 00:29:02,670
1343
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ refinement ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจุทู„ ูŠุทู„ุน ููˆู‚ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุจุณูŠุท
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:02,670 --> 00:29:07,730
1347
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ refinement ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ UQ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:07,730 --> 00:29:11,790
1351
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ UQ UQ star ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:11,790 --> 00:29:15,630
1355
+ ุงู„ู€ refinement ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุฌู„ุฏ ู…ุฏุงู… ุจุฌู„ุฏ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง UQ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:15,630 --> 00:29:20,610
1359
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต UQ star ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุง if
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:20,610 --> 00:29:25,170
1363
+ we write UQ star ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Z node Z ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู†ุฏ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:25,170 --> 00:29:34,610
1367
+ ZB then ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌูŠู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุขู† UQ F ู†ุงู‚ุต UQ star
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:34,610 --> 00:29:42,230
1371
+ ูˆ F ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูˆุถุญ ู„ูƒ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:42,230 --> 00:29:53,010
1375
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ุง ู…ุนู„ูŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ U Q ูˆ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:53,010 --> 00:29:59,290
1379
+ F ู†ุงู‚ุต U Q Star ูˆ F
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:02,130 --> 00:30:07,370
1383
+ ุงู„ู€ summation ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ summation ู„ู‡
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:07,370 --> 00:30:19,310
1387
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ M J ููŠ 100 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Q ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Y J minus Y J
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:19,310 --> 00:30:25,130
1391
+ minus 1 J ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ 1 ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ M ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ summation
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:25,130 --> 00:30:37,430
1395
+ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ MK Star ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ Z K-Z K-1 K ู…ู†
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:37,430 --> 00:30:42,750
1399
+ ุนู†ุฏ 1 ู„ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุฑุถู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:42,750 --> 00:30:49,190
1403
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ B ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:49,190 --> 00:30:53,870
1407
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุงุช ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุงุช ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ X
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:30:53,870 --> 00:30:59,410
1411
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู† X ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุนู†ุฏ X ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆ ุชูˆุฒุน ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:00,990 --> 00:31:04,390
1415
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏู ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ M ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† N
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:04,390 --> 00:31:10,430
1419
+ ุชูˆุฒุน ุจูŠู†ู‡ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ intervals ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:31:10,430 --> 00:31:15,850
1423
+ 2 ููŠ N ู†ุงู‚ุต 1 ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ intervals ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:31:15,850 --> 00:31:22,460
1427
+ ุงู„ู€ Mj ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Mk ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:31:22,460 --> 00:31:28,400
1431
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุง ุฏุฎู„ู‡ู†ุด ุฅุดูŠ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุถู„ุช ุงู„ู€ Q ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Q*)
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:28,400 --> 00:31:35,680
1435
+ ูุจุชูƒูˆู† M ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ Q ูˆ M*) ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ Q*) ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ูุจุตูŠุฑ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:35,680 --> 00:31:40,360
1439
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุงู‚ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ MJ ูˆุงู„ู…ูƒ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:40,360 --> 00:31:47,070
1443
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ terms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ MJ ู†ุงู‚ุต
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:47,070 --> 00:31:52,110
1447
+ MK star ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:52,110 --> 00:31:57,550
1451
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ุฏุงุด ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐูˆู„
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:57,550 --> 00:32:01,950
1455
+ ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ZK minus ZK minus ูˆุงุญุฏ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:32:01,950 --> 00:32:04,770
1459
+ ุชุจุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฌุฒุฆุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุฒุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:32:04,770 --> 00:32:08,950
1463
+ ุจุชุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ู„ sub intervals ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ู†ุง
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:32:08,950 --> 00:32:13,180
1467
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู‡ ู„ู…ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุชูŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:32:13,180 --> 00:32:18,610
1471
+ ุงู„ุงู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† N ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ M ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ N
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:32:18,610 --> 00:32:23,890
1475
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูŠุก .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุบุตุจู‹ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:32:23,890 --> 00:32:30,270
1479
+ ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ N ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ X1 ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุบุตุจู‹ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:32:30,270 --> 00:32:35,210
1483
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู†ุทุจุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:32:35,210 --> 00:32:39,630
1487
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃู† 2 ููŠ N ู†ุงู‚ุต 1 ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃู† ุฃุฌู„ ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฅู„ุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:32:39,630 --> 00:32:42,150
1491
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ M ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ N ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:32:42,150 --> 00:32:47,560
1495
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน 2 ููŠ N-1 ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠุธู„ุด ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:32:47,560 --> 00:32:53,580
1499
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุฏุฎู„ู† ูุจุถุทุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:32:53,580 --> 00:32:58,140
1503
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฌูˆุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุง
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:32:58,140 --> 00:33:03,760
1507
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏู† ุนู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ N-1 ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ุช
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:33:04,020 --> 00:33:09,620
1511
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูŠู† ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ M ุงู„ M ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† N
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:33:09,620 --> 00:33:14,000
1515
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠุฏุฎู„ู† ู‡ูŠุฏุฎู„ู† ูŠุนู…ู„ู† sub intervals ู‡ูŠุฎุชู„ูู† ุจุฑุถู‡
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:18,640
1519
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ุช X1 ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ X2 ู‡ู†ุง ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:33:18,640 --> 00:33:22,550
1523
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ู† sub intervals ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู† ูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุฃู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:33:22,550 --> 00:33:29,230
1527
+ ููŠ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:33:29,230 --> 00:33:33,550
1531
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ X1 X2 ุนู†ุฏ Xn ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชูƒูˆู†
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:33:33,550 --> 00:33:39,490
1535
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑู‡ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:33:39,490 --> 00:33:47,270
1539
+ ูŠุญูุธู„ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:47,270 --> 00:33:48,310
1543
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:33:48,310 --> 00:33:48,670
1547
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:33:48,670 --> 00:33:48,690
1551
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:33:48,690 --> 00:33:48,810
1555
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:48,810 --> 00:33:49,030
1559
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:33:49,030 --> 00:33:52,480
1563
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:57,120
1567
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุตู†ุนู†ูŠ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:57,120 --> 00:34:02,180
1571
+ ุจุณ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:34:02,180 --> 00:34:10,840
1575
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ M ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Mj ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู€ M ูƒุณุชุงุฑ ุทูŠุจุŒ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:34:10,840 --> 00:34:13,940
1579
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุถุญูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:34:13,940 --> 00:34:17,840
1583
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฅุฐู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:34:17,840 --> 00:34:23,040
1587
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุนูŠุฏ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู‡ุฐุง then U Q F
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:34:23,040 --> 00:34:27,200
1591
+ ู†ู‚ุต U Q Star ูˆ F can be written as the sum of at
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:31,920
1595
+ most ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ M ู†ู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ terms of the form M J ู†ู‚ุต
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:31,920 --> 00:34:37,460
1599
+ M K Star ููŠ Z K minus Z K minus ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:37,460 --> 00:34:41,680
1603
+ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุข๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู„ูˆ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:34:41,680 --> 00:34:51,060
1607
+ ุฃุฌูŠู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุณุจ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ M J ู†ู‚ุต M K Star ู‡ุฐู‡
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:34:51,060 --> 00:35:00,000
1611
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุฌ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ูƒ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:35:01,360 --> 00:35:05,180
1615
+ ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง supremum ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุชู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:35:05,180 --> 00:35:09,240
1619
+ supremum ู„ู„ F ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุชู‡ุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ M
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:35:09,240 --> 00:35:13,160
1623
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ M ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ M ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ supremum ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:13,160 --> 00:35:16,360
1627
+ ุงู„ interval A ูˆ B ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุกู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:35:16,360 --> 00:35:19,240
1631
+ interval A ูˆ B ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุกู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:19,240 --> 00:35:25,460
1635
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด 2 ููŠ M ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:25,460 --> 00:35:32,980
1639
+ absolute value ู„ู„ M J ู†ุงู‚ุต M K Star ููŠ ZK-ZK-1
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:32,980 --> 00:35:39,970
1643
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2M ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:39,970 --> 00:35:43,550
1647
+ interval ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ interval ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:43,550 --> 00:35:50,170
1651
+ interval zk minus zk minus 1 ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:50,170 --> 00:35:56,410
1655
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ norm ู„ู€ Q star ู…ูŠู† norm ู„ู€ Q starุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:56,410 --> 00:36:01,510
1659
+ supremum ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ subintervals ุงู„
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:01,510 --> 00:36:05,750
1663
+ supremum ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุทูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:36:05,750 --> 00:36:13,190
1667
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ูƒู„ู‘ู‡ู… ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:36:13,190 --> 00:36:19,630
1671
+ Q ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ Q*) automatic norm ู„ู€ Q*) ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:19,630 --> 00:36:24,710
1675
+ ุงู„ูุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณูˆูŠ .. ุขุณู ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† Q
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:24,710 --> 00:36:28,370
1679
+ substantive ู„ู€ Q*) ูŠูƒูˆู† norm ู„ู€ Q*) ุนูƒุณู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:36:28,370 --> 00:36:34,420
1683
+ ูŠุดูˆูŠ norm ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Q ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ N ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:36:34,420 --> 00:36:38,940
1687
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€ Q ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Normal Q
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:38,940 --> 00:36:42,720
1691
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฏู„ุชุง ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:48,120
1695
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง Normal ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฏู„ุชุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:36:48,120 --> 00:36:53,380
1699
+ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:36:53,380 --> 00:36:58,350
1703
+ ุฃู… ููŠ ู…ู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ููŠ ุฏู„ุชุง ุงู„ุขู† ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:36:58,350 --> 00:37:07,870
1707
+ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ UQ ู†ุงู‚ุต UQ star ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 2M ู†ุงู‚ุต 1 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:37:07,870 --> 00:37:14,330
1711
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ 2M ู†ุงู‚ุต
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:37:14,330 --> 00:37:22,940
1715
+ 1 ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 2M 2M ููŠ Delta ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:37:22,940 --> 00:37:28,390
1719
+ ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2M ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Delta ุงู„ุขู†
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:28,390 --> 00:37:33,030
1723
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒุฑุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูุฆุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ..
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:33,030 --> 00:37:36,750
1727
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูƒุฑุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:37:36,750 --> 00:37:40,370
1731
+ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠุชุตูุฑ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:37:40,370 --> 00:37:44,750
1735
+ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูุฆุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:44,750 --> 00:37:51,010
1739
+ M ููŠ ู…ู† ููŠ Delta ูุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ UQF ู†ุงู‚ุต
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:37:51,010 --> 00:37:55,050
1743
+ ุงู„ UQ star ูˆ F ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูุฆุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:37:55,050 --> 00:38:01,350
1747
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† M ููŠ ู…ู† ููŠ delta ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:38:01,350 --> 00:38:13,090
1751
+ ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญุณุจู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุตู„ ู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ ุตุงุฑ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:38:13,090 --> 00:38:26,230
1755
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ U Q F U star ูˆ F Q F ู†ุงู‚ุต U
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:38:32,930 --> 00:38:38,230
1759
+ UQF-UQF UQF
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:38,230 --> 00:38:44,130
1763
+ -UQF UQF
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:38:44,130 --> 00:38:45,750
1767
+ -UQF UQF-UQF UQF-UQF UQF-UQF UQF-UQF UQF-UQF UQF
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:38:45,750 --> 00:38:45,850
1771
+ -UQF UQF-UQF UQF-UQF UQF-UQF UQF-UQF UQF-UQF UQF
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:38:45,850 --> 00:38:54,050
1775
+ -UQF UQF-UQF UQF-UQF UQF ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ M ููŠ Delta ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:38:54,050 --> 00:38:59,870
1779
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ N ููŠ M ููŠ Deltaู…ุธู‡ุฑุฉ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:38:59,870 --> 00:39:03,790
1783
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ N ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ N ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:39:03,790 --> 00:39:06,370
1787
+ ุงู„ู€ Delta ุฅูŠุด ุงุฎุชุฑู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:39:06,370 --> 00:39:12,010
1791
+ ุญุงุณุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฎุชุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Delta ููˆู‚ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌุฏุงุด
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:39:12,010 --> 00:39:15,710
1795
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุญุงู„ู†ุง ุฃุตู„ุง ุจู†ุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:39:15,710 --> 00:39:19,730
1799
+ ูุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฎู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ูŠุด ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŸ ุจุนุฏ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:39:19,730 --> 00:39:26,470
1803
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ 12N ููŠ ู…ู†
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:39:26,470 --> 00:39:31,170
1807
+ ููŠ N ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุดูŠู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุฃุถุฑุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:39:31,170 --> 00:39:34,770
1811
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุขู† ูˆ ุงู„ุงู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู… ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:39:34,770 --> 00:39:41,750
1815
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุงุด ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† U Q ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต U
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:39:41,750 --> 00:39:48,000
1819
+ Q Star ูˆ F ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† epsilon ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:55,380
1823
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ U Q ูˆ F ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ U
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:39:55,380 --> 00:40:01,420
1827
+ Q star ู…ู† ูˆ F ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ in quality
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:40:01,420 --> 00:40:06,160
1831
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุตู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ูŠ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:40:06,160 --> 00:40:11,490
1835
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ู‡ุชูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ ุทูŠุจ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุตู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:40:11,490 --> 00:40:17,670
1839
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุชู†ุณูˆุงุด ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุญุตู„ู†ุง
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:40:17,670 --> 00:40:21,730
1843
+ ุนู„ู‰ U ุจูŠ ูˆ ุฃู ู…ุงูŠู†ุต ุฃู„ ุจูŠ ูˆ ุฃู ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู†
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:40:21,730 --> 00:40:24,930
1847
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ U ุจูŠ ูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:40:24,930 --> 00:40:27,910
1851
+ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:40:27,910 --> 00:40:35,630
1855
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ U ุจูŠ ูˆ ุฃู ู…ุงูŠู†ุต ุฃู„
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:40:35,630 --> 00:40:42,970
1859
+ ุจูŠ ูˆ ุฃู ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† epsilon ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:40:42,970 --> 00:40:46,870
1863
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† u ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆ ุงู ุนุดุงู† ู„ุง ู†ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู‡ุงุดู…ูˆู†
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:40:46,870 --> 00:40:51,970
1867
+ ุงู‚ุตุงู„ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆ ุงู ูƒู„ู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:40:51,970 --> 00:41:00,930
1871
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุญุตู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู†
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:41:00,930 --> 00:41:09,000
1875
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ upper sum ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู†ูุณู‡
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:41:09,000 --> 00:41:14,680
1879
+ ู…ุน ู…ู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ lower sum ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ LQ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:41:14,680 --> 00:41:19,060
1883
+ LQ star ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต LQ F ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:41:19,060 --> 00:41:23,020
1887
+ ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆ ูุฆุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุฒู…ู‡ ูˆ ูˆ ูˆ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:41:23,020 --> 00:41:26,640
1891
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ูˆ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจุทู„ ุนู†ุฏ LQ star ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:41:26,640 --> 00:41:30,600
1895
+ ุฅุจุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† LQ F ุฅุฐุง similarly
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:41:30,600 --> 00:41:35,120
1899
+ for ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ุญุฏ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:41:35,730 --> 00:41:47,930
1903
+ ุงู„ู€ L L of Q star ูˆ F ู…ุงูŠู†ุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:41:47,930 --> 00:41:55,890
1907
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† L Q O mean O F ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ุทูŠุจ and exactly
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:41:55,890 --> 00:42:00,310
1911
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ similar argument symbolize that ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:42:00,310 --> 00:42:07,870
1915
+ ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ ู„ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุฌู…ุน ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุตู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:42:07,870 --> 00:42:11,530
1919
+ Riemann Sum ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ integration ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุดู…ุงู„ู‡
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:42:11,530 --> 00:42:15,890
1923
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุนุดุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:42:15,890 --> 00:42:23,210
1927
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู„ู†ุง ู†ุฑุณู… ุฎุท ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:42:23,210 --> 00:42:43,920
1931
+ ู†ุญุท ุงู„ู€ U ุฃูƒูŠ ูˆ FU Q F ู‡ูŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:42:43,920 --> 00:42:55,420
1935
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฒูŠ U U ุฃุณุชุงุฑ U F ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:42:55,420 --> 00:42:57,860
1939
+ U Q F
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:43:00,380 --> 00:43:07,380
1943
+ ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญุท ุงู„ L ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ L ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู…ููŠุด
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:43:07,380 --> 00:43:14,800
1947
+ ูˆุณุน ุฃู†ุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฐู†ูƒู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุจุณ ู‡ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุดู†ุจ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:43:14,800 --> 00:43:27,870
1951
+ ุฏู‡ ุจู…ู† ุจ L L Q ูˆ F ุงู„ู€ Refinement ุทุจุนุง ู„ู€ L, Q,
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:43:27,970 --> 00:43:36,450
1955
+ Star ูˆ F ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุนุงุฑููŠู† L, Q ูˆ F ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:43:36,450 --> 00:43:41,090
1959
+ ุฃุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุธุจุท ุฃุญุณู† L, Q, Star ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:43:41,090 --> 00:43:50,640
1963
+ ุจุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ LUQF ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:43:50,640 --> 00:43:59,300
1967
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ QF ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† UQF ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุทูŠุจ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:43:59,300 --> 00:44:07,420
1971
+ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ UQF ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:44:07,420 --> 00:44:15,340
1975
+ UQ star ูˆ F ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฃูƒูŠุฏุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุงุฌูŠุช ู„ุฎุตุช
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:44:15,340 --> 00:44:21,120
1979
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู„ุฎุตุช ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:44:21,120 --> 00:44:28,460
1983
+ epsilon ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ UQF UQF ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ PUF ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:44:28,460 --> 00:44:32,910
1987
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฅูŠู‡ ุงุดู…ู„ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŸ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:44:32,910 --> 00:44:37,130
1991
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู‡ุŸ ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูƒ U square of F ู†ุงู‚ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:44:37,130 --> 00:44:43,050
1995
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู†
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:44:43,050 --> 00:44:48,230
1999
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ remansum ูˆ ุงู„ integration ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:44:48,230 --> 00:44:52,030
2003
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ lower ูˆ ุจูŠู† main ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุจุฑ ุฅุฐู†
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:44:52,030 --> 00:44:57,110
2007
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ remansum ุชุจุนู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู†ุง ู†ุตู„ ู„ู„ูŠ
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:44:57,110 --> 00:45:04,400
2011
+ ุฌุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ CQF ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ integration ู…ู† a ุฅู„ู‰
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:45:04,400 --> 00:45:08,720
2015
+ b ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ F ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ lower ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ upper ุงู„
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:45:08,720 --> 00:45:11,720
2019
+ integration ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุฑุงุณ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุฌู„ู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„ู‡
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:45:11,720 --> 00:45:17,800
2023
+ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:26,120
2027
+ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏู†ุชูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ U Q F ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ู‡ Q F
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:45:26,120 --> 00:45:31,780
2031
+ ูˆุงุถุญ .. ูˆุงุถุญ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:45:31,780 --> 00:45:36,660
2035
+ ู‡ูŠ L Q Star ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ U Q Star ูˆ F
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:45:36,660 --> 00:45:42,500
2039
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู† .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง .. ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:45:42,500 --> 00:45:47,200
2043
+ ุจูŠู† ู…ู† ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ interval ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ subset ู…ู† ู…ู†
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:45:47,200 --> 00:45:53,460
2047
+ ุฌุงูŠู„ ู…ู† I ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ I Epsilon ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:45:53,460 --> 00:45:59,440
2051
+ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ hand ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณู…ูŠู†ู‡ุง
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:45:59,440 --> 00:46:05,740
2055
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดู…ุงู„ู‡ I Epsilon ุจูŠู† L Q Star ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:46:05,740 --> 00:46:11,860
2059
+ Epsilon ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ U Q Star F ูˆ Epsilon ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:46:11,860 --> 00:46:20,060
2063
+ ุงู„ุขู† U Q Star ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต ู‚ุงู„ูƒ U Star ูˆ F ู…ุง ู…ุณุญุชุงุด
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:46:20,060 --> 00:46:28,200
2067
+ ู„ุณู‡ ุฃู†ุง U Q Star F ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ูƒ U Star F ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู†
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:46:28,200 --> 00:46:36,520
2071
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ U
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:46:36,520 --> 00:46:42,670
2075
+ Q Star F ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Q star F ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:46:42,670 --> 00:46:46,650
2079
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจู†ุญุตู„ู‡ุงุŸ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:46:46,650 --> 00:46:49,650
2083
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุตู„ู‡ุง ู…ุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฏู‡ ูƒู…ุง ุญุตู„ู†ุงุด ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Q
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:46:49,650 --> 00:46:54,430
2087
+ star ูˆ F ูˆ ุงู„ู€ By ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ By ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ U ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:46:54,430 --> 00:47:00,090
2091
+ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ By ุญุตู„ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:47:00,090 --> 00:47:06,400
2095
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ U ุจุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุจุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:47:06,400 --> 00:47:10,840
2099
+ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ Q star refinement ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:47:10,840 --> 00:47:14,920
2103
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ other ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ refinement ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:47:14,920 --> 00:47:20,440
2107
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ other ูˆ ุงู„ other ู‡ุชุตุบุฑ ู„ูƒู„ refinement ุงู„ U
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:47:20,440 --> 00:47:28,340
2111
+ ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ refinement ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ U ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู€ Q star ูˆ F
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:47:28,340 --> 00:47:34,960
2115
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต L Q star ูˆ F ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุตุงุฑุช ุชุญุณูŠู†
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:47:34,960 --> 00:47:38,400
2119
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ุตุงุฑุช ุชุญุณูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฌู„ู„ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:47:38,400 --> 00:47:40,780
2123
+ Upper ูˆ ุงู„Lower ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู„ integration
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:47:40,780 --> 00:47:51,520
2127
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ L B epsilon ูˆ F U ู†ุงู‚ุต L B
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:47:51,520 --> 00:47:56,980
2131
+ epsilon ูˆ F ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† 100 ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆูŠู†ู‡ุง
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:47:56,980 --> 00:48:03,400
2135
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅุฐุง
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:48:03,400 --> 00:48:10,320
2139
+ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุนุฑูู†ุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุงุฌุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุน
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:48:10,320 --> 00:48:18,460
2143
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ length ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ length ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:48:18,460 --> 00:48:23,240
2147
+ ุณู‡ู„ ู†ูˆุฌุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠุด ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ ููˆู‚ ุนุดุงู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุชู„ูƒู… ุงู„
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:48:23,240 --> 00:48:29,780
2151
+ length ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒู… ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:48:29,780 --> 00:48:38,900
2155
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุชุญุณุจู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุงู‚ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:48:38,900 --> 00:48:48,940
2159
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ interval mean Iy ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ UQ star
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:48:48,940 --> 00:48:55,780
2163
+ ูˆ F ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชุจุนูŠู† ู…ุนูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ Q
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:48:55,780 --> 00:49:01,720
2167
+ star ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต ู†ุงู‚ุต ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:49:01,720 --> 00:49:04,900
2171
+ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:49:04,900 --> 00:49:12,180
2175
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ U Q star ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงู„ Q
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:49:12,180 --> 00:49:18,800
2179
+ star ูˆ F ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุชุจุชู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุญุชู†ุด
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:49:18,800 --> 00:49:23,400
2183
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู† ูŠุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:49:23,400 --> 00:49:26,700
2187
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูŠุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:49:26,700 --> 00:49:31,620
2191
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ interval
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:49:31,620 --> 00:49:40,520
2195
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุณูŠ Qf ูˆ ุงู„ integration A ูˆB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:49:40,520 --> 00:49:46,660
2199
+ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:49:46,660 --> 00:49:53,460
2203
+ ู…ู† ู…ู† Epsilon ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ integration
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:49:53,460 --> 00:50:05,480
2207
+ ุฃูŠู† ุฃูƒุชุจ ุงู„ integration ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:50:05,480 --> 00:50:12,380
2211
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ SQF ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ integration ู…ู† A B
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:50:12,380 --> 00:50:16,900
2215
+ ู„ F ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู† ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ูŠุจุณุท ู…ู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุชุญุช
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:50:16,900 --> 00:50:23,360
2219
+ ุดุฑุท ู…ู† ุฅู†ู‡ normally Q ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† A H ู…ู† ุฏู„ุชุง
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:50:23,360 --> 00:50:29,200
2223
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฏู„ุชุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:50:29,200 --> 00:50:32,280
2227
+ ู†ูˆู‚ู
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:50:32,280 --> 00:50:33,020
2231
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฌุง ุจุญุซู‡ุง
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:51:39,830 --> 00:51:44,830
2235
+ ุฃู‡ ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ ุญุณู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆู„
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:51:44,830 --> 00:51:48,490
2239
+ ุญุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† U ูˆQ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Q
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:51:48,490 --> 00:51:50,950
2243
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฃ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุด ู‡ูŠูƒ
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:51:50,950 --> 00:51:53,950
2247
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:51:53,950 --> 00:51:58,190
2251
+ P ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ U P ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู€ L P ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ูˆุฃูŠ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:51:58,190 --> 00:52:01,010
2255
+ refinement ู„ู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ Q ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด refinement ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณ
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:52:01,010 --> 00:52:04,830
2259
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ norm ู„ู€ Q ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฏู„ุชุง ุฃุตู„ุง
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:52:04,830 --> 00:52:08,960
2263
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุตู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:52:08,960 --> 00:52:13,300
2267
+ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู†ุณุชู†ุชุฌ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููƒูŠู ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:52:13,300 --> 00:52:16,160
2271
+ ุจุฅู†ู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ integration ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:52:16,160 --> 00:52:19,780
2275
+ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:52:19,780 --> 00:52:22,960
2279
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:52:22,960 --> 00:52:28,000
2283
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:34,060
2287
+ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง theorem
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:52:35,670 --> 00:52:45,070
2291
+ ู„ุช I ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ูˆB ูˆ ู„ุช F ู…ู† I ู„ุนู†ุฏ R ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูุงู†ูƒุดู†
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:52:46,090 --> 00:52:49,330
2295
+ suppose there exists a number B such that ู„ูƒู„ Y
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:52:49,330 --> 00:52:54,110
2299
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 if B is any partition of I with norm B
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:52:54,110 --> 00:52:58,030
2303
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† Delta and S of Bi is any corresponding
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:52:58,030 --> 00:53:01,950
2307
+ Riemann sum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ then ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† then
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:53:01,950 --> 00:53:06,310
2311
+ F is integrable on I in the sense of definition
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:53:06,310 --> 00:53:12,590
2315
+ 716 ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ุฌุงุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ conversely ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŸ
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:53:12,590 --> 00:53:13,610
2319
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:53:16,710 --> 00:53:24,890
2323
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ limit ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ limit
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:53:24,890 --> 00:53:32,330
2327
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ S ุฃูˆ B ูˆ F as norm B ุจุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุณูุฑ
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:53:32,330 --> 00:53:38,190
2331
+ exist ูˆ ุจุณูˆุก some number B ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ B ุจุณูˆุก ุงู„
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:53:38,190 --> 00:53:43,410
2335
+ integration ู…ู† A ู„B F of X DX ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:53:43,410 --> 00:53:50,850
2339
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:53:50,850 --> 00:53:55,110
2343
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน F-integrable ูˆู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:53:55,110 --> 00:53:59,030
2347
+ ุงู„ limit ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ integration ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:53:59,030 --> 00:54:02,490
2351
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุตู„ุง ุดูˆ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ for every epsilon
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:54:02,490 --> 00:54:07,490
2355
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ there exist ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ delta ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:54:07,490 --> 00:54:14,370
2359
+ such that b ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† delta ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ S B ูˆ F ู†ุงู‚ุต
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:54:14,370 --> 00:54:17,630
2363
+ ุงู„ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูุชุฑุถูŠู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ epsilon ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:54:17,630 --> 00:54:23,290
2367
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุทู‰ ุทุจุนุง f bounded ู…ู†
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:54:23,290 --> 00:54:30,590
2371
+ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ู„ุฌู‡ู†ุง number b ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ู„ูƒู„ epsilon ุฃูˆ fb
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:54:30,590 --> 00:54:33,270
2375
+ is any partition ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† normal b ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† delta
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:54:34,000 --> 00:54:39,600
2379
+ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ B ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† Epsilon
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:54:39,600 --> 00:54:44,440
2383
+ ู‡ุฐุง .. ุฏู‡ ู…ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:54:44,440 --> 00:54:47,940
2387
+ limit S ุจูŠ ูˆ F as and norm B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณูุฑ
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:54:47,940 --> 00:54:52,160
2391
+ ุจุณุงูˆู„ B ุฅุฐุง .. ุฅุฐุง ุงุชุญู‚ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ F
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:54:52,160 --> 00:54:55,440
2395
+ integrable ูˆู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ B ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ limit
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:54:55,440 --> 00:54:59,420
2399
+ ุจุณุงูˆู„ integration ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† .. ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:54:59,420 --> 00:55:04,470
2403
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู† .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏู…ุฌ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:55:04,470 --> 00:55:08,190
2407
+ ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:55:08,190 --> 00:55:14,100
2411
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุจุณูŠุท ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ุช y
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:55:14,100 --> 00:55:17,440
2415
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูˆ delta ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 as in the theorem ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:55:17,440 --> 00:55:20,180
2419
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ theorem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุต
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:55:20,180 --> 00:55:25,820
2423
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุฏุช ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุจูŠ partition of I with ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:55:25,820 --> 00:55:30,080
2427
+ norm ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† 200 ู…ู† ุฏู„ุชุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนุทู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠ
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:55:30,080 --> 00:55:36,240
2431
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 arbitrarily ูˆ
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:55:36,240 --> 00:55:41,190
2435
+ delta ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ุฃูˆ ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุฃูŠ partition
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:55:41,190 --> 00:55:45,310
2439
+ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุฑู…ู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ ุดู…ุงู„ู‡ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฏู„ุชุง ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:55:45,310 --> 00:55:48,930
2443
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุจูŠู‡ ุฃูŠ partition ุขุฎุฑ ูˆ ุจูŠู‡ ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุจูŠู‡ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู†
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:55:48,930 --> 00:55:53,770
2447
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† norm ุงู„ partition ุจูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:55:53,770 --> 00:55:57,470
2451
+ refinement ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ norm ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:55:57,470 --> 00:56:01,030
2455
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฏู„ุชุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูƒู„ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:56:01,030 --> 00:56:06,470
2459
+ ุตูุฑ there exists ุฏู„ุชุง ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ norm ุงู„ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู†
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:56:06,470 --> 00:56:11,740
2463
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฏู„ุชุง ู„ุฃูŠ partition ุจูŠ refinement ู„ุจูŠุจุณู„ูˆู†
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:56:11,740 --> 00:56:17,260
2467
+ ุตุงุฑ norm ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† delta ุฅุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:56:17,260 --> 00:56:21,740
2471
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ S minus ุงู„ุจูŠ
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:56:21,740 --> 00:56:27,580
2475
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจุณุงูˆ ุงู„ integration
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:56:27,580 --> 00:56:32,020
2479
+ ู„ุฅู† ุฅูŠุด ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุชุดุชุฑุท ุชุดุชุฑุท
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:56:32,020 --> 00:56:33,840
2483
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู†
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:56:36,480 --> 00:56:42,920
2487
+ ุฃูŠ ุจุงุฑุชุดู† ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุจูŠ ุจุชุญุชูˆู„ ุจูŠ ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู†
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:56:43,910 --> 00:56:48,530
2491
+ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ F
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:56:48,530 --> 00:56:53,790
2495
+ ุฃุดู…ุงู„ู‡ is integrable ุฅุฐุง ุจูŠูˆุงุตู„ 7 4 3 ู…ุฏุงู… ุญุตู„ู†ุง
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:56:53,790 --> 00:56:57,910
2499
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ S ุจูŠ ูˆ F ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ V ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุฅุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:56:57,910 --> 00:57:01,190
2503
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ P ุจุณุงูˆุฉ ุงู„ integration ู„ู„
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:57:01,190 --> 00:57:06,630
2507
+ F ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† A ู„B ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:57:06,630 --> 00:57:13,530
2511
+ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุชูŠู† ุฃู† F is integrable F is
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:57:13,530 --> 00:57:19,050
2515
+ integrable if and only if limit ุงู„ู€ S,B ูˆF ู…ู†
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:57:19,050 --> 00:57:23,890
2519
+ norm B ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุณูุฑ exist ูˆุจุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:57:23,890 --> 00:57:28,550
2523
+ integration ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ integration ุฃูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ ุนุจุฑ
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:57:28,550 --> 00:57:34,330
2527
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ูŠู† ุฅู…ุง ุนุจุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ limit ู„ู„ุฑู…ุงู† sum ูŠูƒูˆู†
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:57:34,330 --> 00:57:38,690
2531
+ exist ุฃูˆ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ upper .. ุงู„ upper
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:57:38,690 --> 00:57:42,930
2535
+ integral ูˆุงู„lower integral ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฏ ุจุนุถ ูˆู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู†
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:57:42,930 --> 00:57:52,690
2539
+ ูˆุญูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ู… ุงู„ integration ูˆู‚ู
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:57:52,690 --> 00:57:59,570
2543
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ ุญุณู† ูƒู… ุณุงุนุฉ .. ูƒู…
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:57:59,570 --> 00:58:00,810
2547
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŸ
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:58:03,290 --> 00:58:10,650
2551
+ ู†ุฎู„ุตู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:58:10,650 --> 00:58:17,070
2555
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ improper integral ุจุณ ุจุทูˆู„ุด ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู†ุช
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:58:17,070 --> 00:58:22,090
2559
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู„ู„ุฌุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูƒูŠุฏุŸ ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠุด ุฃุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:58:22,090 --> 00:58:30,390
2563
+ ุญุณู† ุทูŠุจ ู„ุฃ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุฎู„ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฑุณ 17 ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ู„ุฌูŠุช
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:58:30,390 --> 00:58:31,270
2567
+ 18ุŸ
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:58:41,590 --> 00:58:48,290
2571
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ 18 ุฎู„ุตู†ุง 17 ูƒูŠูุŸ
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:58:54,810 --> 00:58:59,850
2575
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฑู‚ู… 17 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2576
+
2577
+ 645
2578
+ 00:58:59,850 --> 00:59:03,610
2579
+ integration as a limit ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ section
2580
+
2581
+ 646
2582
+ 00:59:03,610 --> 00:59:08,490
2583
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุจุณ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ู‡ ุจู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
2584
+
2585
+ 647
2586
+ 00:59:08,490 --> 00:59:12,510
2587
+ ุงู„ improper integral ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ู„ู‚ุงุก ุขุฎุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
2588
+
2589
+ 648
2590
+ 00:59:12,510 --> 00:59:13,670
2591
+ ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡