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ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ุงูููู
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00:00:27,320 --> 00:00:32,160
ุณูููู
ุจู
ูุงุทุน ุญููุฉ 12 ุญููุฉ 12 ุชุชููู
ุนู ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
3
00:00:32,160 --> 00:00:40,800
ุซูุงุซุฉ ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุญููุฉ 12 ุฃููุง ูุชููู
ุนู ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
4
00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:46,200
ุงููุงุฑุจูู ุซุงูููุฉ ูุชููู
ุนู ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุฃุณูุญุฉ ุซุงูุซุฉ
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00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:52,920
ูุชููู
ุนู ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูููุฑูุฌููCarbon Steel ู
ุงุฐุง ููุตุฏู
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ุจู Carbon Steelุ ูุฐุง ุฅุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู
ู ู
ูุงู ูู ุฌูุฑูุงู
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00:00:59,140 --> 00:01:02,800
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
8
00:01:02,800 --> 00:01:02,940
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
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00:01:02,940 --> 00:01:03,320
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
10
00:01:03,320 --> 00:01:03,720
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
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00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:06,240
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
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00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:12,460
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
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ูุฃููุงุน ู
ุดุชูุงุช ุงูุณุชูู ุงููู ูู ุฃูุชุฑ ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงูุญุฏูุฏ
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ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูุง technically though this well-known alloy
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of iron and carbon is not as simple as one might
16
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think ุงูููุฑุฉ ููุง ู
ุด ุจุงูุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงููู ุจุชุนุชูุฏููุง steel
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comes in a huge range of different grades ุงูุฃููุงุน
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ุชุจุนุชู ูุงูู
ูุงุตูุงุช ู
ุฎุชููุฉeach with different
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characteristics ูู ูุงุญุฏ ูู ู
ูุงุตูุงุช ู
ุฎุชููุฉ for the
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inexperienced it can be difficult to know where to
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00:01:53,870 --> 00:01:58,510
begin ููู ู
ุง ุนูุฏูู
ู
ุด ุฎุจุฑุฉ ุตุนุจ ูุนุฑู ู
ู ููู ูุจุฏุฃ
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Carbon steel ูุฐุง ุงููุถุน ุงูุฃููุ ู
ูุงู ุฌูุฏ ููุจุฏุฃ ูู ู
ุน
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00:02:05,810 --> 00:02:08,950
ุงูุงุชููู ุงูุฑุฆูุณููู ู
ู ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
24
00:02:08,950 --> 00:02:10,750
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
25
00:02:10,750 --> 00:02:11,610
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
26
00:02:11,610 --> 00:02:12,290
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
27
00:02:12,290 --> 00:02:12,670
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
28
00:02:12,670 --> 00:02:12,830
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
29
00:02:12,830 --> 00:02:13,490
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
30
00:02:13,490 --> 00:02:13,990
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
31
00:02:13,990 --> 00:02:14,150
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
32
00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:14,150
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
33
00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:17,190
ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุตูุงุนุฉ
34
00:02:17,190 --> 00:02:24,480
ุงูุตูุงุงูุงู ุงูุงู ูุง ุชุญุชูู ุนูู ูุณุจุฉ ู
ุนููุฉ ูุฃู ูุณุจุฉ
35
00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:29,140
ุฃุฎุฑูุ ูุณุจุฉ ู
ุนููุฉ ูุฑุจููุณุชูู ูู
ูู ุงู ูููู ู
ูุงุทุนูุง
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00:02:29,140 --> 00:02:34,660
ุฅูู ุซูุงุซุฉ ู
ูุงุทุน ุฃุณุงุณูุฉุนูุฏูุง ุชูุงุช ุฎุงูุงุช ูู carbon
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steel ุฅูุด ูู
ูุงุ mild steel the most widely used
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grade is a low carbon steel which contains up to
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00:02:42,820 --> 00:02:47,300
approximately point three percent of carbon ูุนูู
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00:02:47,300 --> 00:02:51,890
ุงููู ุฃูุง ุจุชุทูุน ุนููู ูุฐุง ุงู mild ูุฏูุด ุจุญุชููุซูุงุซุฉ ู
ู
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ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุงูู
ูุฉ ูุฑุจูู ูุงูุจุงูู ุงูุดุ ุงูุฑู ููุฐุง ุจูุณู
ูู
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00:02:57,090 --> 00:03:01,570
ุงูุดุ mild steel medium carbon steel contain
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00:03:01,570 --> 00:03:07,500
between approximately point three percentto point
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00:03:07,500 --> 00:03:12,540
six percent carbon ูุนูู ู
ู point ุชูุงุชุฉ ู point ูุงู
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00:03:12,540 --> 00:03:16,300
ุณุชุฉ carbon high carbon steel contain between
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00:03:16,300 --> 00:03:20,300
approximately point six and one point four percent
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00:03:20,300 --> 00:03:24,920
carbon ูุนูู ูุฐุง ุงููุณุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู ุนูู ุฅุดู ูุฐุง ุงูุฃููุงุน
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00:03:24,920 --> 00:03:29,060
one point four percent carbon ุงูุขู ุจูุทูุน ุนูููู
ูุฐุง
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00:03:29,060 --> 00:03:31,940
ุงูุชูุงุช ุฃููุงุน ุฅูุด ูู
ุง mild
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medium carbon steel ู ุจุนุฏูู ุงูุด high carbon steel
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00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:42,980
ูุฏููุฉ ุงูุชูุงุชุฉ ูู ุงููู ุจูุญุชููุง ุงูุด carbons and
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steel ู ุงู carbon ุฒู ู
ุง ุจุชูุงุญุธูุง very low
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00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:51,400
quantities ูุนูู ูู
ุง ุชุชููู
ุนู ุชูุงุชุฉ ู
ู ุงูุนุดุฑุฉ
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ุจุงูู
ูุฉ ูุณุจุฉ ูุนูู ูู ุงูู ูุนูู ูู ูููู ูู ุนููู ุชูุงุชุฉ
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00:03:58,080 --> 00:04:05,020
gramูุฐู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฎูููุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู ุฃูุชุฑ ูุงุญุฏ ููู ูู ุฃูู ูู
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00:04:05,020 --> 00:04:12,180
ูููู ูุนูู 14 gram ุจุฑุถู ูุฐู ุงููุณุจุฉ ุจุชุจูู ุฎูููุฉ
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00:04:12,180 --> 00:04:17,620
ุงูููุน ุงูุชุงูู ุจูุณู
ูู
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alloy steels ุงูุขู ูุญู ุจูุนุฑู ุงู steel ุฅูุด ููุนูit's
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an alloy ู
ุธุจูุท ู
ุด ู
ุนูู ุงูููุงู
ุงูู ูุฐุง ุณู
ูุงู alloy
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steel ุงุช ููุน ุชุงูู ู
ุด alloy ูุฃ ูู ูู ุจุณ ุงูุชุณู
ูุฉ
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00:04:30,570 --> 00:04:34,610
ุชุจุนุชู ูุฅู ูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงููู ุฌุงูุฉ ููู ููุง ูู ุนูููุง
62
00:04:34,610 --> 00:04:40,660
othermetals ุจูุญุทูู
ู
ุน ุงููุฑุจูู ูููุณ ููุฌู ูุทูุนูุง the
63
00:04:40,660 --> 00:04:44,080
second main category of steel is alloy steels
64
00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:48,540
which consists of iron carbon and one or more
65
00:04:48,540 --> 00:04:53,500
alloying material ูุนูู ุงุญูุง ุงุด ุจูุถูู ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงูุชุฑ
66
00:04:53,500 --> 00:04:57,980
ุงููู ูู ูุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู ุชูุชูู ู
ู ุงู material ุงู alloying
67
00:04:57,980 --> 00:05:02,800
material ุงูุชุงููุฉ specific grade of the alloying
68
00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:03,800
steel include
69
00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:20,940
ู
ุด ุตุบูุฑ ุทูุจ
70
00:05:20,940 --> 00:05:24,280
ุงู include ุงูุด ุงููู ุนูุฏู ูุงุ ูุงู ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงููู
71
00:05:24,280 --> 00:05:29,780
ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูุฏูุง ูุทูุน ุนูููู
low alloy steel which
72
00:05:29,780 --> 00:05:38,060
contains 90%ุฃู ุงูู
ุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูุฃุณูุญุฉ ูุญุชู 10% ู
ู
73
00:05:38,060 --> 00:05:45,360
ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ุงูุชุฌุงุฑูุฉ ู
ุซู ุงููุฑูู
ูุง ููู ู
ุงูุฌุงููุฒ
74
00:05:45,360 --> 00:05:47,680
ู
ูููุจูุฏูุง
75
00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:53,780
Vanadium ูุฏูู ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุงููู ุจูุญุทูู
ูููู
76
00:05:53,780 --> 00:05:57,380
ูุฐุง ุงูุด ุจูุณู
ูู low alloying steel ูุฃู ูู ุนูุฏู
77
00:05:57,380 --> 00:06:04,380
ุชุณุนูู ูุงูู
ูุฉ iron ูุงูุจุงูู alloying materials high
78
00:06:04,380 --> 00:06:10,720
strength low alloying steel which contains smaller
79
00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:15,430
quantity of the above metalsit's typically less
80
00:06:15,430 --> 00:06:19,250
than two percent ูุนูู ูุฏูู ุฃูู ุงููู ุณู
ูุงู high
81
00:06:19,250 --> 00:06:23,730
strength low alloying material ุงูุขู ุจูุฌู ุงูููุน
82
00:06:23,730 --> 00:06:26,890
ุงูุชุงูุช ุงููู ุจูุณู
ูู ุงู stainless steel ูู ููุชูู
83
00:06:26,890 --> 00:06:32,630
ุจุชุนุฑููู ูุฐุงุ ู
ุธุจูุทุ which contain chromium as well
84
00:06:32,630 --> 00:06:36,850
as other metals such as nickel and which do not
85
00:06:36,850 --> 00:06:40,130
rust ูุนูู ุฅูุด ูุฐุง ุงู stainless steel ุฅูุด ู
ุญุตููุ
86
00:06:41,070 --> 00:06:48,430
ุจุตุฏูุด ูุงู ุงู rust ุงูุด ู
ุนูุงุชู ูุนูู ุตุฏู tools steals
87
00:06:48,430 --> 00:06:52,650
ุจุชุนุฑููุง ุงูุชูุง ูู
ุง ุชูุฌูุง ุณูุงููู ุงู ูู
ูู ุงูุญุงุฌุงุช
88
00:06:52,650 --> 00:06:59,250
ุงููู ุจููุทุน ูููู
ุฒู ุชุจุน ุงูู
ุฌุฏุญุฉ ุงู ุงูู
ุจุงุฑุฏ ุงู ูู
89
00:06:59,250 --> 00:07:03,210
ูุฐู ูุงุชู ุจูุณู
ููุง tools steal they contain
90
00:07:03,210 --> 00:07:07,110
tungestin and cobalt ุงู tungestin ู ุงู cobalt
91
00:07:07,110 --> 00:07:12,360
ูุฏููุฉ tough material ูุนูู ุฌุงู
ุฏุฉOkay a widely used
92
00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:17,340
grade of tools steel is high-speed steel which is
93
00:07:17,340 --> 00:07:20,180
used in cutting tools that operate at a high
94
00:07:20,180 --> 00:07:23,740
temperature such as drill bits ุฅูุด ูุนูู drill
95
00:07:23,740 --> 00:07:31,340
bitsุ ูุฃ ุจุชุนุฑููุง ุงูุฑูุด ุชุจุนุงุช ุงูู
ุฌุฏุญุ ูุฐุง ุจูุณู
ููุง
96
00:07:31,340 --> 00:07:35,950
ุฅูุดุ ุงู drillbits ู
ุง ุงูุชูุง ุงูุจูุงุช ู
ุด ุงูุชุฑ ุฎุจุฑุชูู
97
00:07:35,950 --> 00:07:41,270
ูู ูุฐู ุงูุดุบูุฉ ุงูุดุจุงุจ ูุฐู ุงูุดุบูุงุช ู
ุนุธู
ูู
ุฌุฑุจููุง
98
00:07:41,270 --> 00:07:44,690
ูุงูุงู
99
00:07:44,690 --> 00:07:48,210
ูุฐู ุงููู ุจูุชููู
ุนููู
ูุนูุง ูุงู
ููุน ู
ู ูุฏูู ุงูููุน
100
00:07:48,210 --> 00:07:57,570
ุงููู ุจุณู
ูู alloy steel ุงุฑุจุน ููุน ุงูุด ูู
ุง low alloy
101
00:08:02,120 --> 00:08:07,880
Stainless Steel ูุงูุฑุงุจุนุฉ Tools Steel ุงูุขู ุนูุฏูุง
102
00:08:07,880 --> 00:08:11,760
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูุณู
ููุง ุงู Corrosion ุฅูุด ูู ุงู Corrosionุ ูู
103
00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:20,020
ุงู Oxidization ุฃู ุงู Oxide ูู ุงู Rust ุฅูุด ูุนููุ
104
00:08:20,020 --> 00:08:26,180
ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุตุฏู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุตุฏู ุจูุณู
ููุง ุนู
ููุฉ ุฃูุณุฏุฉ ุฃู
105
00:08:26,180 --> 00:08:34,220
ุนู
ููุฉ ุขูู ูู ุงูุชูุงุชุฉ ูููุณ ุงูู
ุณู
ุฉูููุณุ ูููุง one
106
00:08:34,220 --> 00:08:39,060
weakness of mild steel is that it corrodes its
107
00:08:39,060 --> 00:08:43,320
surface progressively deteriorates due to a
108
00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:48,520
chemical reaction ุฅูุด ูุนูู deterioratesุ
109
00:08:48,520 --> 00:08:54,520
ุงูุขู ุฎูููุง ูููู corrodes ุงููู ูู ุจุชุชุฃููุงูุงู due to
110
00:08:54,520 --> 00:08:58,660
rates ุชุดูููุง ูู
ุง ุงูุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุช .. ูุนูู ุฎูููุง ููุณ
111
00:08:58,660 --> 00:09:03,680
ุงูููู
ุฉ ูู due to rates ูู
ุง ุชุตูุฑ ุชุฑูุญ ููุฃุณูุฃ ุดููุฉ
112
00:09:03,680 --> 00:09:08,740
ุดููุฉ ุจุชุชุดูู ุชุฏููุฑ ุจุชุชุฏููุฑ ูุนูู ูุถุนูุง ุจุชุฏููุฑ
113
00:09:08,740 --> 00:09:13,880
ุจูููููุง due to rate ููู ุจุชุจูู ูู ุญุงูุฉ ู
ุซูุง ู
ุนููุฉ ู
114
00:09:13,880 --> 00:09:16,960
ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ู
ุง ูููุง ุดู ุชุฑุงุฌุน ุจูุณู
ููุง due to rates
115
00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:24,420
ุงููู ุนูุฏููุฐู ุงูุงุชูุงู ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู
ูุงุทุน ุจูู ุงูุญุฑ ูู ุงูุณูุทุฉ
116
00:09:24,420 --> 00:09:31,240
ูุงูููุงุก ูู ุงูููุงุก ูุชุตู
ูู
ุนุตูุฏ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
117
00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:33,020
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
118
00:09:33,020 --> 00:09:33,060
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
119
00:09:33,060 --> 00:09:38,640
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
120
00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:38,640
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
121
00:09:38,640 --> 00:09:38,660
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ
122
00:09:38,660 --> 00:09:42,480
ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุนุตูุฑ ุน
123
00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:51,460
ู ุงู oxidized ู ุงู what ู ุงู corrodes ูู
ูู
124
00:09:51,460 --> 00:09:56,420
ุงูู
ูููู ูุงุญุฏ ูู ุจูููููุง ุทุจูุฉ ุตุฏูุฉ
125
00:10:00,110 --> 00:10:04,650
ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูู
ูุซุงู ู
ุซู ุงูุฃูู
ูููู
ุ ูุง ููุฌุฏ ู
ุดููุฉ ูู
126
00:10:04,650 --> 00:10:09,410
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููุฑูุฌูู ูุฃู ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุงูุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูู ุญูู ุงูู
ูุซุงู
127
00:10:09,410 --> 00:10:15,870
ุชุจูู ุตุนุจุฉ ู ูุฐุง ูู
ูุนูุง ู
ู ุฅุชุตุงู ุฃูุซุฑ. ุงูุขู ูู
128
00:10:15,870 --> 00:10:22,490
ุงูุฃูู
ูููู
ุฅูุด ุจุญุตูุ ู
ุด ุฒู ุตุฏุฃ ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ูุฃู ุงูุตุฏุฃ ูู
129
00:10:22,490 --> 00:10:27,590
ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ุฅูุด ุจูุตูุฑ ูููุ ุจุชุงูู ู ุจูุตูุฑ ูุฌุนุงูุฃูู
ููุฉ
130
00:10:27,590 --> 00:10:31,170
ุจูุนู
ู ุงูุทุจูุฉ ูุจุชุถุงููุง ุงูุทุจูุฉ hard ูุงู hardness ูุฐู
131
00:10:31,170 --> 00:10:36,790
ุจูุฎููุด ุงููู ุจุนุฏูุง ูุตุถู ูุจุตูุฑ ุทุจูุฉ ุนูู ุงููุฌู ู
ุตุถูุฉ
132
00:10:36,790 --> 00:10:40,890
ูุงูุจุงูู ู
ุงููุด ููู ู
ุดููุฉ ุงู ุจุชู
ุด ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุชุขูู
133
00:10:40,890 --> 00:10:46,510
however when mild steel goes rusty the rust on the
134
00:10:46,510 --> 00:10:51,370
surface comes off .. comes off ุงูุดุ ูุนูู ุฒู ู
ุง
135
00:10:51,370 --> 00:10:58,190
ุชููู ุจุชุฌุดุฑุฃู ูุนูู ุจุณูุท ูุชุณุงูุท ูุชุณุงูุท ูู ุงูุชูุดูุฑ
136
00:10:58,190 --> 00:11:02,950
continuously and a new rusty layer forms
137
00:11:02,950 --> 00:11:09,030
progressively eating into the metal ูุนูู ุจุชุชู
ุฃูู
138
00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:12,870
ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ุชุฃูู ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ู ุจุชูุงุญุธูุง ุงูุชูุง ูู ุนูุฏูู
ูู
139
00:11:12,870 --> 00:11:17,230
ุงูุจูุช ุงู ุญุงุฌุฉ ู ุงุญูุง ูู ุฌู ุบุฒุฉ ุงู rust ูุฐุง ู
ุดููุฉ
140
00:11:17,230 --> 00:11:21,590
ูุจูุฑุฉ ุจุชูุงูู ุดููุฉ ุดููุฉ ูู
ุง ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ูุญุงูู ูุฌุนุจ
141
00:11:21,590 --> 00:11:29,770
ู
ุนูุงุชู ุงูุดุุจุชุงูู ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุทูุจ ุงูุขู decide whether
142
00:11:29,770 --> 00:11:34,030
the sentences below are true or false and correct
143
00:11:34,030 --> 00:11:38,570
the false sentences steel is an alloy of iron and
144
00:11:38,570 --> 00:11:42,930
carbon true
145
00:11:42,930 --> 00:11:47,790
ู
ุธุจูุท ู
ุด ููููุง ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงููู ูุงุชุช ุงู steel ูู ููุน
146
00:11:47,790 --> 00:11:53,770
ูู alloyูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
147
00:11:53,770 --> 00:11:57,250
ูู
148
00:11:57,250 --> 00:11:57,510
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
149
00:11:57,510 --> 00:11:57,690
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
150
00:11:57,690 --> 00:11:57,710
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
151
00:11:57,710 --> 00:11:58,050
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
152
00:11:58,050 --> 00:11:58,050
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
153
00:11:58,050 --> 00:11:58,510
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
154
00:11:58,510 --> 00:11:59,610
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
155
00:11:59,610 --> 00:12:01,330
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
156
00:12:01,330 --> 00:12:01,730
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
157
00:12:01,730 --> 00:12:03,090
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
158
00:12:03,090 --> 00:12:03,090
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู
159
00:12:03,090 --> 00:12:12,330
ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ูู ููููููููู
160
00:12:15,660 --> 00:12:20,340
chromium and nickel are used as alloying metal in
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00:12:20,340 --> 00:12:26,220
steel ู
ุด ููููุง ุนูุฏูุง ุฅูุดุ ูู ูุจุดุฉ alloying
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00:12:26,220 --> 00:12:30,840
materialุ ูุฐุง .. ูุฐุง ููุน ู
ููู
ุ ูููุณุ low alloy
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00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:36,200
steel contain more chromium than ironุ false ูู
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00:12:36,200 --> 00:12:40,560
ุฃุตูุง ูู ุงู steel ููู ููุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูุชุฑ ู
ู ุฅูุดุ ุงู iron
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00:12:42,360 --> 00:12:47,820
ุงูู stainless steel is an alloy steel true ุงุญูุง
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00:12:47,820 --> 00:12:52,040
ูููู ูุฅูุด ูู ุงูู
ุณู
ู ุชุจุนูุง ุจูุฌู ุชุญุช ุงู alloy
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00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:57,240
alloying steel ุฃู alloy steels tungsten is added
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00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:03,580
to steel to make it softer false ุฅูุด ุจุชุนู
ู harder
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00:13:03,580 --> 00:13:09,120
ู
ุด softerhigh speed steel is suitable for making
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00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:16,720
cutting tools that get very hot ุงุญูุง
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ุงูุด ูููุง ุงููู ุจูุนู
ู ููู true ู
ุธุจูุท ูู tools ููุณ
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ุงูุดู ุงูุด cutting tools get very hot ูุจุฏู ุงูุด ุงูุถู
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00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:31,240
ุงููุงุน ุงููู ูู high speed steel ุงููู ูู ููุณ ุงูู
ุณู
ู
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ูู
ูู ูู tools steelููุณ ุงูู
ุณู
ุฉ ุงููู ุจุชูุงุญุธ ููู ุทูุจ
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ุงูุงู complete ุงู table ุงู table ุงููู ูุงุจูุง ููู
ูู
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00:13:44,430 --> 00:13:49,250
ุงูุงู ุนูุฏู ุงู corroded ุงู adjective ุงู noun ุฅูุด ูู?
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00:13:51,810 --> 00:14:00,670
corrosion ู
ุธุจูุท ุงู verb? corrode ู
ุธุจูุท ุทูุจ ุงู
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00:14:00,670 --> 00:14:02,310
oxidized
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00:14:04,730 --> 00:14:10,890
oxide ู
ุธุจูุท ุงู noun oxide ุตุญ ูู
ุง ูููู ุนูู ู
ุซูุง
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00:14:10,890 --> 00:14:18,670
carbon oxide ุฐุงูุฑููู ููุฐุง ุงู noun oxide ุทูุจ ุงู
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00:14:18,670 --> 00:14:26,410
verb oxidize ุทูุจ ุงู ููุง go rusty ุงูุด ุงู verb ู
ู
ูู
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00:14:26,410 --> 00:14:36,110
ูููู ูู
ุงู rust ุงู nounrust ุงู adjective rusty ุทุจ
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00:14:36,110 --> 00:14:40,170
ุฎูููุง ูุดูู ููุง ููู ูุนุจููู
when steel is exposed to
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00:14:40,170 --> 00:14:45,450
air and water it oxidize
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00:14:45,450 --> 00:14:52,070
ุงูุด ูู
ุงูุ rust ุงูุด ูู
ุงูุ corrodes ุงูุชูุงุชุฉ ู
ุฌูุฒุฉ
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00:14:52,070 --> 00:14:57,470
ุงูุชูุงุชุฉ ููุณ ุงูู
ุนูู ูุฐุง ูุนูู ุจุฏู ุงููุนู ุงููู ููุง ู
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00:14:57,470 --> 00:15:03,810
ุชุญุทูู ES ุงู Sุทูุจ a brown red material on the
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00:15:03,810 --> 00:15:10,110
surface of steel is called corrosion ุงูุชูุงุชุฉ rust
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00:15:10,110 --> 00:15:15,190
and oxide ุทูุจ the strength of steel is reduced if
190
00:15:15,190 --> 00:15:20,210
it is ูุญุท ุงู adjective ุงูุขูุ ุฅูุด ุงู adjectiveุ
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00:15:20,210 --> 00:15:28,550
ุงูุชูุงุชุฉุ ููู ุชููู oxidized ุฃู rusty ุฃู corroded
192
00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:35,920
ูุฐู ุงูุฃุฌุงุจุฉ ููุง ุทูุจ ููุง complete the article about
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00:15:35,920 --> 00:15:40,160
a special type of steel the perennial problem with
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00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:44,440
mild .. ุฅูุด
195
00:15:44,440 --> 00:15:50,480
ุงูููู
ุฉุ ุฅูุด ุงู perennial problemุ ุงููู ู
ุฑุช ุนูููู
ุ
196
00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:57,060
ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุฏุงุฆู
ุฉ ุฃู ุงูุฃุฒุงููุฉ ูู
ููุ with mildsteel
197
00:15:57,060 --> 00:16:02,580
ู
ุธุจูุท is ุฅุชูุช ุฅูุด when exposed air and water ุฅูุด
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00:16:02,580 --> 00:16:12,020
ุจุชุตูุฑููุง it rusts or it corrodes or it oxidize ุทูุจ
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00:16:12,020 --> 00:16:15,920
generally the only solution is either to apply a
200
00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:21,660
protective coating to use or to use another edge
201
00:16:21,660 --> 00:16:26,920
of the steelุฃููุฉ another grades ุงู grades ูุนูู ูู
202
00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:30,400
ูุฐุง ุงูุญุงูุฉ ุฅูุด ุจูุญูู ููู ุงู type ุฃู variations
203
00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:35,300
ู
ุธุจูุท ุงุญูุง ุนูุฏูุง ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงููู ูู ูู
ูู ูุฐู
204
00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:41,600
ุจุชุดููููุง ุงููู ู
ูู ุณุงูููู ูุฑูุจ ููุจุญุฑ ุจุดูู ู
ุจุงุดุฑ ุฅูุด
205
00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:45,120
ุจุชูุงูู ุนูุฏููุง ูู ุฅุดู ุฅูุด ุจูุตูุฑูู ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
206
00:16:46,690 --> 00:16:51,310
ูุจูุฑุฉ ููุงุฒู
ูู ุดู ุชุนู
ูููู ูุง ุฃู
ุง ุจุฏู ุชุฏููู ุจุดูู
207
00:16:51,310 --> 00:16:57,090
ุฏุงุฆู
ุฃู ุจุฏู ุชุฌูุจู ุญุฏูุฏ ู
ููุจุฉ ู
ุธุจูุท ุงูู
ููุจุฉ ุงูุด
208
00:16:57,090 --> 00:17:05,430
ุจูุนู
ูู ุจูุญุท ุทุจูุฉ ู
ู ุงู stainless steel ุญูุงููู ุทูุจ
209
00:17:05,430 --> 00:17:11,830
ููุง used ุงูุด ููููุง another grade of steel that is
210
00:17:11,830 --> 00:17:19,660
resistant toto the rusting process ุงู to corrosion
211
00:17:19,660 --> 00:17:25,820
process ุงู to oxidize process the most well-known
212
00:17:25,820 --> 00:17:30,880
being ุงูุด steelุ stainless steel ู
ุงุญูุง ููููุง ูุฐุง
213
00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:34,100
ุงูุชูุง ุฎุจุฑุฉ ูููุง stainless steel which contains
214
00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:38,220
significant quantity of ุงูุดุ and often nickel
215
00:17:38,220 --> 00:17:45,590
chromium ู
ุธุจูุทุนูุฏูุง ุทุจูุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉ ุจุงูู alloy ุชุจุน ูุฑูู
216
00:17:45,590 --> 00:17:49,690
ู ุดููุฉ ูููู there is however an alternative
217
00:17:49,690 --> 00:17:56,610
solution so-called weathering needs weathering
218
00:17:56,610 --> 00:18:00,570
steel ุงู weathering steel ุฅูุด ูุฐุง ุงููู ูู ุงู steel
219
00:18:00,570 --> 00:18:04,970
ุงููู ุจุชุนุงูุฃ ุงููู ูุนูู ุฎููููู ุฃููู ู
ุชุฃููู
ู
ุน ุงูุฌู
220
00:18:04,970 --> 00:18:07,210
ูููุณุ
221
00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:11,920
is a special alloy suitable for outdoor use but
222
00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:14,720
rather than being completely protected from
223
00:18:14,720 --> 00:18:18,540
corrosion the surface of the steel is allowed to
224
00:18:18,540 --> 00:18:26,320
go to go ุงูุด rusty rusty ููุด ูุฐุง ุงูุด ุจุชุฎูู ุงูู
225
00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:31,400
ู
ุณู
ูุญ ุงู ูุตูุฑ ุทุจูุฉ ู
ู ุงู rust ุจุณ ุงูุด ุงููู ุจูุนู
ู ุงู
226
00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:37,700
rust ูุฐุง ูุฐุง ุงูุทุจูุฉ hard ุชุณู
ุญุด ููู ุจุนุฏูุงุงูุทุจูุงุช
227
00:18:37,700 --> 00:18:43,100
ุงูุฏุงุฎููุฉ ุณูุฑููุง ุฃูุณุฏูุง ุชุงูู once a layer of ุฅูุด
228
00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:49,680
has formed on the surface a layer of ุฅูุดุ of rust
229
00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:58,280
ุฃู ุฃูุณูุฏ ุฃู ูุฑูุฌู okay it stabilizes
230
00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:02,580
and forms a hard protective layer ุฅูุด
231
00:19:02,580 --> 00:19:04,300
stabilizableุ
232
00:19:07,650 --> 00:19:15,630
ุงูุด stable ุจุชุณุชูุฑ .. ูุฏ ุจุชุณุชูุฑ ู ุจุชุดูู ุทุจูุฉ hard
233
00:19:15,630 --> 00:19:22,470
ุงููู ูู ุงูุด ุตูุจุฉ this layer differs from ordinary
234
00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:28,050
iron oxide as it does not continue to eat into the
235
00:19:28,050 --> 00:19:35,170
metal ูุฏ ุจุชุจุทููุงุด ุชุณุชู
ุฑ ุชุงูู ูู ุงู metal ุตูุช ุตูุช
236
00:19:35,170 --> 00:19:42,860
ุตูุชwhile not everyone may like the rusty look,
237
00:19:43,420 --> 00:19:46,420
weathering steel has been widely used in
238
00:19:46,420 --> 00:19:50,940
architectures, applications and outdoor sculptures
239
00:19:50,940 --> 00:19:57,120
ุฅูุด ูุนูู sculptureุ ุดุงูููู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุธุฑ ุงููู ูุฏุงู
ูู
ุ
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00:19:57,120 --> 00:20:04,760
ุงููู ุน ุงูุตูุฑุฉุ ุงูุตูุฑุฉุ ุฅูุด ูุฐุงุู
ุฌุณู
ุ ู
ุธุจูุทุ ุงู ..
241
00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:11,020
ุงููุฉ ููุฐุง ุงู outdoor sculptures ุงููู ูู ุงูู
ุฌุณู
ุงุช
242
00:20:11,020 --> 00:20:14,000
ุงููู ูู ุงูุขุฎุฑ ู
ุนู
ููุฉ ู
ู ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ุจูุณุชุฎุฏู
ููุง ูู ูุฐุง
243
00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:17,700
ุงูุดูู ุงุญูุง ูู ุจูุงุฏูุง ู
ุด ูุชูุฑ ูุฐุง ุจุชุดูููู ุจุณ ุจุจูุงุฏ
244
00:20:17,700 --> 00:20:24,220
ุงูุฃูุฑูุจุง ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุดูู ูุชูุฑ ูู ูู ู
ูุงู ูู ุจุชุดูููู ุญุชู
245
00:20:24,220 --> 00:20:26,780
ุงูุดูู ุงูู
ุตุถู ูุฐุง ุจุชุดูููู ุทุจูุนู
246
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ุทูุจ ููู ุจูุจูู ุฎูุตูุง chapter twelve ุงูุงู ูู
ูู ู
ู
247
00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,260
ุงูุดุบูุงุช ุงููู ุจูุทูุน ุนูููู
ุงูู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู steel ุนูุฏูุง
248
00:20:42,260 --> 00:20:47,800
ููุนูู ู
ูู ุตุญ ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุด carbon steels ู ุงูุด
249
00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:52,080
alloying steels ุงู carbon steel ุนูุฏูุง three grades
250
00:20:52,080 --> 00:21:00,890
ูููู
ุงูุด ูู
ุง mild ู mediumููุงู ูุฏููุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูุณุจุฉ ุงู
251
00:21:00,890 --> 00:21:05,610
carbon ูููู
ูุฏุงุด ู
ูุฎูุถุฉ ู
ู point three percent ูุญุฏ
252
00:21:05,610 --> 00:21:11,110
ุฏูุช one point four ุงูุจุงูู ููู ุงูุด iron ู
ุงููุด ุนูุฏู
253
00:21:11,110 --> 00:21:17,490
any other alloying materials ุจุณ carbon and iron ุงู
254
00:21:17,490 --> 00:21:22,270
alloying steels ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงูุชุงููุฉ ุจุชุฎุชูู ุนู ุงูุฃุฑุจุน
255
00:21:22,270 --> 00:21:25,770
ุงูุด ูู
ุงููููุงุฏ
256
00:21:25,770 --> 00:21:34,550
ุงูุด ู
ู
ูุฒุชูุงูููู ุจุฑุณูุช ุงูุฑู ู ุชูู ุจุฑุณูุช ุงูุดุ ุงููุฉ ู
257
00:21:34,550 --> 00:21:40,630
ูุฐู ุงูุด ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงู alloy ุงููู ุจูุถูููู
ุ ุทูุจ ุงูููุน
258
00:21:40,630 --> 00:21:46,730
ุงูุชุงูู high string
259
00:21:46,730 --> 00:21:51,570
ุงูุด ูุฐูุ ูุณุจุฉ ุงู alloy ูุฏุงุดุฑุ less than two
260
00:21:51,570 --> 00:21:57,270
percentุงูุงู ููุน ุงูุชุงูุช ุงููู ูู ุงู stainless steel
261
00:21:57,270 --> 00:22:01,890
ุงู stainless steel ูุฏ ุงูุด ุงูู
ูุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชูุ ุจูุถูู ุงู
262
00:22:01,890 --> 00:22:06,030
chromium ู ุจูุถูู ุงูุดุ
263
00:22:06,030 --> 00:22:11,290
nickels okay ุงูุงู ุงูููุน ุงูุฑุงุจุน ุงู tools ุงู ุงู high
264
00:22:11,290 --> 00:22:17,150
speed ุงูุดุ steel ูุฐู ุงููู ุจูุถูู ุงูุด ุนูุฏูุงุ ุงู
265
00:22:17,150 --> 00:22:21,810
cobalt ู ุงู ุงูุดุูุงู tungsten ู
ุธุจูุท ูุฏูู ุงู hard
266
00:22:21,810 --> 00:22:25,210
ุนุดุงู ูู
ุจูุจููุง very hard ู very tough ูุจูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูู
267
00:22:25,210 --> 00:22:30,530
ูู cutting tools ูู
ุง ูู ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงุญุชูุงู
268
00:22:30,530 --> 00:22:34,430
ุจุชุนู
ู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูุฏูู ุงููู ุจุชุญู
ูู ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงูุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
269
00:22:34,430 --> 00:22:34,910
ุงูุนุงููุฉ
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