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ุจุณู
ุงููู ุงูุฑุญู
ู ุงูุฑุญูู
ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ูุฑุญู
ุฉ ุงููู
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ูุจุฑูุงุชู ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงูุฃุณุจูุน ุงูุซุงูุซ ุนุดุฑ ุฑุญ ุชููู ุนูู
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anatomy and physiology of the motor system ุงู
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motor system ู
ูู
ููู
ุฌุฏุง ูุฐูู ุฑุญ ูุชู
ุดุฑุญู ูู
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ุฃุณุจูุนูู ุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃูู ูู ุฃุณุจูุน ุงูุซุงูุซ ุนุดุฑ ูุฌุฒุก ุงูุซุงูู
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ูู ุฃุณุจูุน ุงูุฑุงุจุน ุนุดุฑ ูุจุฏุฃ ุจุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู motor system
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what's the components of the motor systemู
ู ุงูุด
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ุจุชููู ุงู motor systemุ ุงูู ุดู ุจุชููู ู
ู cortical
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motor area cortical motor area ูุนูู primary
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cortical motor area ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูููุ pre central
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gyrus area 4ู secondary motor areaุ area ุฑูู
6
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ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู frontal loop anterior to the precentral
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gyrus and cortical association area ุฏููู ุดุฆ ุจูุชููู
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ุนู ุงู cortical motor area ุงุชููู Basal nuclei ุงููู
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ูู ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุงู extrapyramidal nervous system ู
ุซู ุงู
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butamineglobus pallidus ููุฏูุช ุฃู
ูุฌุฏุงูููุฏ ูููููุงุณ
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ูุฅููุงูุณุฑ ุณูุฑูุจููุง brain
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stem ุฌุฏุงุฏ ุฏู
ุงุบ spinal cord ุฃูุง ุจุชููู
ุนู ุงูุฃุฌุฒุงุก
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ุงููู ูููููุง ูุจู motor ููุงูู ุงู brain stem ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู
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ููุท motor ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู sensor ุงูุง ุจุชููู
ุนู ุงูุฃุฌุฒุงุก
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ุงููู ุจุชุฎุต motor spinal cordุจุฑูููุฑุงู ู
ูุชูุฑ ูุงูุฑุฒ
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ุจุฑููุฑุงู ู
ูุชูุฑ ููุฑู ูุงูุฑุฒ ูุฃู ุงู nerve ููู sensory
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fibers ู ููู autonomic fibers ุฃูุง ุจุชููู
ุนู ุงู
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motor fibers ุงู neuromuscular junction ุงู
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neuromuscular junction and muscle and muscle
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what's
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the components of the extrapyramidal motor system
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Extrapyramidal motor system ุจุฏุฎู ูููุง ุจูุฒุงู
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ูููููุงู ููุฏุงุช ูููููุงุณ ุจููุชุงู
ูู ุฌููุจุงุณ ุจูุถุงุณ
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ููุงูุณุชุฑูู
ุงู
ูุฌุฏุงูููุฏ ูููููุงุณ ููู ูุนุชุจุฑ ุจูุฒุงู
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ูููููุงูsubthalamus ุณูุนุชุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ูููุ ู
ู ุฏูุงู
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ุณููุฑููุ ู
ุชุฐูุฑูู ุฏูุงู ุณููุฑููุ ุซูุงู
ุณุ ููุจูุซูุงู
ุณุ
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ุณุจุซูุงู
ุณุ ู
ูุชุงุซูุงู
ุณุ ุฅูุจูุซุงูุงู
ุณุ ูุจูู ุงู
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subthalamus ุณูุนุชุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ูููุ ู
ู ุฏูุงู ุณููุฑููุ ู
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ุงู thalamus ููุณ ุงูุดูุก ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุงููุ ู
ู ุฏูุงู ุณููุฑูู
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00:02:55,700 --> 00:03:00,140
Substantia Negra ูู ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุงูู Extra Pyramidal
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Nervous System ูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู Midbrain
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Substantia
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Negra ุชูุฑุฒ ู
ุงุฏุฉ ุงูุฏูุจุงููู ูู ุญุงู ุญุฏุซ ููุตูู ู
ุงุฏุฉ
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00:03:17,670 --> 00:03:22,750
ุงูุฏูุจุงู
ูู ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ุจูุชุฌ ุนูุฏู ู
ุฑุถ ุงุณู
ู Parkinson
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disease ุงู shaking palsy ู
ุฑุถ ุดูุงูุฉ ุงูุฑุนุงุด ุงู ู
ุฑุถ
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00:03:28,650 --> 00:03:34,250
Parkinson Red nucleus ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู
ุงู ูู ุงู middle
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00:03:34,250 --> 00:03:39,730
brain ููููุง ุฏูุฑ ูู ุงูู
ูุถูุน ุงููู ูู extrapyramidal
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nervous systemclinical correlation of the
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00:03:46,730 --> 00:03:53,150
extrapyramidal nervous system ููู ููู
ู
ูุงูุงุฉ ุจุจุนุถ
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ุงูุฃู
ุฑุงุถ ุงูุจุฑููุณูู disease ูู ูุนุชุจุฑ degeneration
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and depigmentation of neurons in the substantia
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nigra ู
ุฑุถ ุงูุจุฑููุณูู ุฑุงุญ ูุงุฎุฏู ูู ุณูุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูู
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ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉุจูุญุฏุซ neurodegenerative changes in the
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00:04:14,040 --> 00:04:19,020
substantia nigra ุงููู ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู
ุงุฏุฉ ุฅููุ ุงูุฏูุจุงู
ูู
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00:04:19,020 --> 00:04:21,720
ูุฌุจ ุฃู ูููู Parkinson disease ูุนุชุจุฑ it chronic
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slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder
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characterized by loss of pigmented neurons in the
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substantia nigraูููู ูู ุจูุญุฏุซ ุงูู loss of
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00:04:41,590 --> 00:04:46,430
pigmented neurons in substantia negra ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุฑุถ
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ูุคุฏู ุงูู ุงูู ุจุฑุงุฏูููููุฒูุง ุงู ููุจูููููุฒูุง ุจุชูู
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ุงูุญุฑูุฉ muscle rigidity breast tremor ุจุณ ุดุบู
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instability ูู ูุฐู ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ูุฅูู ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ูู
ูุถูุน ุงููู ูู
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Parkinson disease ุงุซูููHuntington's disease ุฃู
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ููุฑูุฉุชุนุชุจุฑ autosomal dominant ุฃู ุฏุงุฆุฑ ุฑูุต ุจูููู
61
00:05:14,560 --> 00:05:20,060
ุงูู
ุฑุถู ู
ุงุดู ู
ุซู ุจุฑูุต ุฏุงุฆุฑ ุฑูุต autosomal dominant
62
00:05:20,060 --> 00:05:25,500
movement disorder associated with severe
63
00:05:25,500 --> 00:05:33,140
degeneration of the cholinergic and GABAergic
64
00:05:33,140 --> 00:05:40,770
neurons ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจูู ุงู ูู ุงุนุชุจุฑ ุงูุนูุงูุฉ ุจุงูู GABAูู
65
00:05:40,770 --> 00:05:46,750
ุจุงู ููููููุฑุฌูู ุชู
ุงู
which are located in the
66
00:05:46,750 --> 00:05:50,910
caudate nucleus and butamine ูููู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุฑุถ ุจูููู
67
00:05:50,910 --> 00:05:57,970
ุนูุฏูู
ููุฑูุฉ and dementia and dementia ููุชุฌ ุนู ุงููุ
68
00:05:57,970 --> 00:06:04,530
degeneration ูู ุงูููููููุฑุฌูู ูุงููุนุจุฉ ูุฐุง ูุนุจุฉ
69
00:06:04,530 --> 00:06:06,170
amino biotic acid
70
00:06:15,630 --> 00:06:22,210
ุจุงููุฒู
ุณ ุฃู ููุจู ุจุงููุฒู
ุณ ูุฐุง ุฃูุชุฑ ุดูุก ู
ู
ูู ุชุดููู ูู
71
00:06:22,210 --> 00:06:25,590
ุญุงูุงุช ischemic infarction ูู
ุง ูุญุฏุซ ischemic
72
00:06:25,590 --> 00:06:30,770
infarction ูู ุดูุก ุงุณู
ู Lewis body ูููููุงุณ ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ
73
00:06:30,770 --> 00:06:34,450
ูู ุงู subthalamus ุชุคุฏู ุฅูู ุฅูู ุจุงููุฒู
ุณ ุฃู
74
00:06:34,450 --> 00:06:38,670
hemibalism involuntary movementูู ู
ูุงุถุน ุขุฎุฑ
75
00:06:40,480 --> 00:06:45,220
Hepatolenticular Degeneration ุฃู ุจูุณู
ูู ูููุณูู
76
00:06:45,220 --> 00:06:51,500
ุฏูุฒูุฒ ู
ุฑุถ ูููุณูู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุฑุถ ุณู
ูู Hepatolenticular
77
00:06:51,500 --> 00:06:55,180
Degeneration ูุฅูู ุจูุตูุจ ุงูููุฑ ูุจูุตูุจ ุงูุจูุฒุง
78
00:06:55,180 --> 00:06:59,320
ุงููููููุงู ูููุชูููุฑ ุงููููููุงุณ ุจูุญุฏุซ accumulation of
79
00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:03,040
copper ูุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงูุฒุงูู
ุงุณู
ู
80
00:07:03,040 --> 00:07:06,900
ุงูceruloplasmin ูุฐุง ุงูceruloplasmin ุจูุญุฏุซ ูู
81
00:07:06,900 --> 00:07:10,300
mutation ุฃู ุชุณู
ู ุงู recessive diseaseู
82
00:07:10,300 --> 00:07:15,080
ุณูุฑููููุงุฒู
ูู ูุธููุชู ูู ุนู
ู binding ู
ุน ุงููุจุฑ ุชุชุญุฏ
83
00:07:15,080 --> 00:07:18,380
ู
ุน ุงููุญุงุณ ู ุจูุฎุฑุฌูุง ู
ุนู ุงูุจุนูุถ ุจูุฎุฑุฌูุง ู
ุนู ุนุตุงุฑุฉ
84
00:07:18,380 --> 00:07:25,280
ุงูู
ุฑุงุฑู
ู ุงููุจุฏ ููู ูู ุญุงู ุงู ูู mutation ูู ูุฐุง ุงู
85
00:07:25,280 --> 00:07:32,560
enzyme ุจูุญุฏุซ block ู ุนุฏู
ู
ูุฏุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูุงุชุญุงุฏ ู
ุน ุงููุจุฑ
86
00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:36,900
ู ุจูุญุฏุซ accumulation ูููุจุฑ ูู ุงู body ู ุงููุจุฑ ุฑุงุญ
87
00:07:36,900 --> 00:07:40,560
ูููู ูู ุงู liver ู ุงู base ุงููููููุงู ู ุงู other
88
00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:45,660
organs type
89
00:07:45,660 --> 00:07:50,490
of body movementsุงูุงู ุงูุด ุงู body movements ูู
90
00:07:50,490 --> 00:07:56,190
autonomous ุงู reflex movement ุงูุง ุจุนู
ู ุญุฑูุงุช
91
00:07:56,190 --> 00:07:59,370
reflex ุจุฏูู ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ุจุฏูู ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ูุนูู ูุฐุง ุจูุณู
ูู
92
00:07:59,370 --> 00:08:05,410
involuntary movement ุงู postural without ุงู ุงู
93
00:08:05,410 --> 00:08:08,970
ุจูุณู
ูู withdrawal reflex withdrawal reflex ูุนูู
94
00:08:08,970 --> 00:08:14,890
ุงูุง ุจุนู
ููุง ุจุฏูู ู
ุง .. ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฐู ุญุฑูุงุช ูุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูุฉ
95
00:08:14,890 --> 00:08:21,730
ุญุฑูุงุช ูุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูุฉููู rhythmic voluntary movement ู
ุซู
96
00:08:21,730 --> 00:08:25,730
ุงู chewing ู walking ูุฐู ุญุฑูุงุช ุฅุฑุงุฏูุฉ ุฃูุง ุจุฏุฃ
97
00:08:25,730 --> 00:08:30,490
ุงุชุญุฑู ุงุชุญุฑู ู
ุดูุช ูููุช ุฎูุงุต ูููู ูุฐู voluntary
98
00:08:30,490 --> 00:08:39,290
movement ุงูุง ุจุชุญูู
ูููุง ูุฐู ุงูุญุฑูุงุช the
99
00:08:39,290 --> 00:08:43,990
anterior horn cells ูู ุงู spinal cord ูู anterior
100
00:08:43,990 --> 00:08:48,820
horn cellsูุฐู ุงูู anterior horn cells ุงูู main
101
00:08:48,820 --> 00:08:53,940
function ุจุชุงุนุชูุง motor main function ููุง motor ุงูู
102
00:08:53,940 --> 00:08:57,900
anterior horn cells consist of motor cells ูุจูู
103
00:08:57,900 --> 00:09:02,360
ูููุง ุฃููุ motor cells ุงูู anterior horn cells
104
00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:09,840
ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูููุง medial group nuclei central group
105
00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:16,670
nucleiand lateral group nuclei ูุนูู ุงูุงูุชุฑูู
106
00:09:16,670 --> 00:09:21,370
ุงูููุฑูู ุณููุฒ ูููุง ูุงู
ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุชูุงุชุฉ ู
ูุฏูุงูู ุฌุฑูุจ
107
00:09:21,370 --> 00:09:29,390
central group and lateral group ูุจุฏุฃ ุจุงูู
ูุฏูุงูู
108
00:09:29,390 --> 00:09:35,890
ุฌุฑูุจ ุงูู
ูุฏูุงูู ุฌุฑูุจ ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ูู ูู spinal cordุฃุถุงุก
109
00:09:35,890 --> 00:09:39,630
ุงู mediary group ูู ุงู thoracic segment ุจูุฌุณู
ู
110
00:09:39,630 --> 00:09:45,150
ูventromedial and dorsomedial ู
ุณุคูููู ุนู ู
ููุ ุนู
111
00:09:45,150 --> 00:09:51,630
ุนุถูุงุช ุงู trunk supply the muscle of trunk ุนูุงูุฉ ูู
112
00:09:51,630 --> 00:09:57,010
ุนุถูุงุช ุงูู ูู trunkุ Central group ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ู
ููุ ูู
113
00:09:57,010 --> 00:10:04,330
ุงู upper cervical part ูู C1 ู C4ู
ุณุคูููู ุนู ู
ููุ
114
00:10:04,330 --> 00:10:10,090
ุจูุนุทูุง fibers ูู pharynx nerve ู spinal accessory
115
00:10:10,090 --> 00:10:14,010
nerve ูููู ูุฐูู ุงูู
ุณุคูููู ุนู ู
ููุ ุนู pharynx nerve
116
00:10:14,010 --> 00:10:18,870
ูุฏู ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ู spinal accessory nerve ุงููู ุจูุบุฏู
117
00:10:18,870 --> 00:10:24,070
trapezius muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle
118
00:10:24,070 --> 00:10:30,320
lateral groupู
ู ุฌุณู
ุงููVentral Lateral ูDorsal
119
00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:33,940
Lateral ูุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏูู ูู lower cervical ูู ุงู
120
00:10:33,940 --> 00:10:39,560
lumber ูู ุงู upper segment of sacral ู
ุณุฆูููู ุนู
121
00:10:39,560 --> 00:10:46,720
ุงููุ ุนู ุงู upper ู lower limb muscle ูู ุงู medial
122
00:10:46,720 --> 00:10:50,200
group muscle ู
ุณุฆููุฉ ุนู ุงู trunk ู ุงู abdominal
123
00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:55,630
muscleCentral group ู
ุณุฆููุฉ ุนู Pharynx ุฃู
124
00:10:55,630 --> 00:10:59,010
Diaphragmatic nerve ู Spinal accessory nerve
125
00:10:59,010 --> 00:11:03,010
ุจูุบุฏูุง ุงู Diaphragm ู Trapezius muscle ู
126
00:11:03,010 --> 00:11:08,870
Sternocleidomastoid muscle ู Lateral group ุงููู ู
ู
127
00:11:08,870 --> 00:11:13,910
ุฌุณู
ู ููู ุฌุณู
ูู Dorsolateral ู Ventrolateral ูุฐูู
128
00:11:13,910 --> 00:11:17,270
ุจูุบุฏูู ู
ุณุฆูููู ุนู ุงู Upper ู Lower limb muscles
129
00:11:19,990 --> 00:11:24,530
rule the spinal cord in motor function ุงูุด ูุธููุฉ
130
00:11:24,530 --> 00:11:27,530
ุงู spinal cord ุงูุด ูุธููุฉ ูุฐู ุงู anterior horn
131
00:11:27,530 --> 00:11:35,090
cells ุงุชูููุง ูู ุงู spinal cord ูู motor neurons
132
00:11:35,090 --> 00:11:38,970
ููู ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ุงู motor neurons ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ูู ุงู
133
00:11:38,970 --> 00:11:44,250
anterior horn cells ูุจูู ุงู main function of the
134
00:11:44,250 --> 00:11:52,040
anterior horn cells is motor functionูู ููุนูู ู
ู
135
00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:58,460
ุงูู neurons ูู Alpha Motoneuron ููู Gamma
136
00:11:58,460 --> 00:12:05,510
Motoneuron Alpha Motoneuronit is large type ูุนูู
137
00:12:05,510 --> 00:12:10,190
give rise to large type a alpha motoneuron fibers
138
00:12:10,190 --> 00:12:15,330
ู
ุณุฆูู ุนู ู
ููุ ุนู stimulation of the muscle fibers
139
00:12:15,330 --> 00:12:20,430
ูุจุฏุฃ ุงูููุน ุงูุฃูู alpha motoneuron ู
ุณุฆูู ุนู ุงู
140
00:12:20,430 --> 00:12:25,110
large type a alpha ูุจูุบุฏุฆูุง ูู
ุณุฆูู ุนู ุงููุ ุนู
141
00:12:25,110 --> 00:12:30,380
stimulation of muscle fibers ุงูููุน ุงูุซุงููGamma
142
00:12:30,380 --> 00:12:35,820
Motoneuron Gamma Motoneuron ูุฏูู ุจูุฑูุญ ู
ุน ู
ููุ ู
ุน
143
00:12:35,820 --> 00:12:43,040
small of type A Gamma ูุธููุชูู
control the muscle
144
00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:46,040
tone ูุจูู ุงู small fibers ุงููู ู
ูุงูุฉ ุจุงู
145
00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:51,240
regulation of muscle tone ุฃู
ุง ุงู large fibers ุงููู
146
00:12:51,240 --> 00:12:56,300
ุจูุฌูุง ู
ู Alpha Motoneuron ุงููู ู
ูุงูุฉ ุจ stimulation
147
00:12:56,300 --> 00:13:01,660
of muscle fibersูููู ุฃูู ููุน ู
ูุชู ููุฑููุฒ ู
ูุฌูุฏูู
148
00:13:01,660 --> 00:13:08,660
ูู ุงูุชุฑูู ููุฑ ุณููุฒุงููุบุฉ ุงูุซุงููุฉ Inter neurons
149
00:13:08,660 --> 00:13:15,400
Inter neurons ุฃู ุจูุณู
ููู
Intermediate Intermediate
150
00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:19,480
neurons ูุฏูู ุงู Inter neurons ุงู ุงู Intermediate
151
00:13:19,480 --> 00:13:24,520
neurons ูู
ูุฌูุฏูู ู
ูุฌูุฏูู between the sensory
152
00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:28,740
neurons and motor ุจูู ุงู sensory ู ุงูู
ูุชุฑ ูุนูู
153
00:13:28,740 --> 00:13:36,220
ุจูุบุฉ ุซุงููุฉ ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ุจููุจุณุชูุฑููุฑ ููุฑ ุณููุฒ ูุงูุชูุฑููุฑ
154
00:13:36,220 --> 00:13:40,940
ููุฑ ุณููุฒ ู
ุงูู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุฑุฆูุณูุฉ ููู
ุ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ
155
00:13:40,940 --> 00:13:45,820
ุงูุฑุฆูุณูุฉ ุฑููููุณ ุณููุชุฑ ู
ุซูู
ุง ุงุชูููุง ุงูุชุฑ ู
ูุฏูุงุช
156
00:13:45,820 --> 00:13:49,640
ุงูุฑูุง ููู ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ุจูู ุงูููุชุฑุงู ู ุงูุฏูุฑุณู ููุฑุณ ุงู
157
00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:54,400
ุจูู ุงูุงูุชูุฑููุฑ ุจุณุชูุฑููุฑ ููุฑุณ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุฑุฆูุณูุฉ ูู
158
00:13:55,560 --> 00:13:59,920
Excitatory for Integrative Function of the Spinal
159
00:13:59,920 --> 00:14:05,380
Cord ูุนุชุจุฑู Integrative Function ุฃู Reflex Center
160
00:14:05,380 --> 00:14:07,480
ูุธููุชูู
Reflex Center
161
00:14:26,330 --> 00:14:29,810
ุจุงู motor fibers ุชุนู
ู contraction of the muscle
162
00:14:29,810 --> 00:14:34,750
ูุจูุญุธู ุนููุง reflex ูุงุฒู
163
00:14:34,750 --> 00:14:39,630
ูุชููู
ุนูู ุดู ุงุณู
ู pyramidal attract ุงูุด ูู
164
00:14:39,630 --> 00:14:44,930
pyramidal attractุ pyramidal attract contains
165
00:14:44,930 --> 00:14:50,710
about one million nerve fibers ูู one million
166
00:14:50,710 --> 00:14:57,430
nerve fibersit is the longest nerve fibers in the
167
00:14:57,430 --> 00:15:02,750
body ู ุฃุทูู nerve fibers ุฃู ุฃุทูู tract ูู ุงูุฌุณู
ูู
168
00:15:02,750 --> 00:15:07,490
ู
ููุ ุจูุฑุงู
ู ุฏู ุงู tract ู
ู ููู ุจุจุฏุฃุ ุงู origin
169
00:15:07,490 --> 00:15:12,560
ุจุชุงุนู ุจุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู
ูุง ุจุช ุงู cellsู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงู
170
00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:17,160
internal pyramidal layer ูุนูู ุฃู ุทุจูุฉ ูู ุงูุทุจูุฉ
171
00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:21,420
ุงูุฎุงู
ุณุฉ ู
ู ุงู cortex ูู ุงู internal pyramidal
172
00:15:21,420 --> 00:15:25,240
layer ู
ู ุงูุด ุจุชููู ุงู cortex ูู ุงูhistology ุจุชููู
173
00:15:25,240 --> 00:15:31,300
ู
ู six layers ุงูู layer molecular layer ุซุงูู layer
174
00:15:31,300 --> 00:15:38,020
external granular layer ุซุงูุซExternal Pyramidal
175
00:15:38,020 --> 00:15:44,240
Layer ุฑุงุจุน Internal Granular Layer ุฎุงู
ุณ Ganglionic
176
00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:48,400
Layers ุฃู Internal Pyramidal Layer ู
ู ุงูู Internal
177
00:15:48,400 --> 00:15:53,260
Pyramidal Layer ุจูุจุฏุฃ ุจุซุณูุฒ ุงููู ูู
ู
ุณุฆูููู ุนู ุงู
178
00:15:53,260 --> 00:15:57,660
ูู
ูุนุชุจุฑูุง ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุงููุ Pyramidal Retract ูุขุฎุฑ ุดู
179
00:15:57,660 --> 00:16:02,920
Multiform Layers ูุฐู ุงู layers ูู
layers of
180
00:16:02,920 --> 00:16:04,560
cerebral cortex
181
00:16:07,390 --> 00:16:11,550
ุงูุดูุก ุงูุซุงูู ูู
ุง ุงุชููู
ูุง ุนู ุงู cortex ุณุฑุงุญุชููู
182
00:16:11,550 --> 00:16:20,590
ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุจูููู ุนูุฏู ูู
183
00:16:20,590 --> 00:16:32,450
ุงูุฏู
ุงุบ ุฃู ุจูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุงุบ ูุฐุง ุงูุฑุฃุณ ุชุญุช ุงู
184
00:16:32,450 --> 00:16:38,360
upper limbs ูู ุงูู
ุตุฑ ูุงู lower limbs ููููุนูู ูู ุงู
185
00:16:38,360 --> 00:16:42,440
upper one third ุจูููู ุงู lower limbs ูู ุงู middle
186
00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:47,740
one third ุจูููู ุงู upper limbs ู ุงู trunk ูู ุงู
187
00:16:47,740 --> 00:16:55,810
lower one third ุจูููู ุงู head ู ุงู neckูุฐุง ูุณู
ูู
188
00:16:55,810 --> 00:17:00,210
somatotopy cortical somatotopy ูุนูู ูู ุฅูุณุงู ุฃุฌุงู
189
00:17:00,210 --> 00:17:05,010
ุงูุชููู
ุบ ูู ุงู upper part ุจูุญุฏุซ weakness ูู ุงู
190
00:17:05,010 --> 00:17:08,370
opposite lower limb ูู ุงู middle ุนูู ุงู upper limb
191
00:17:08,370 --> 00:17:12,170
ูู ุงู lower part ุนูู ุงู face ู ุงู head okay
192
00:17:12,170 --> 00:17:19,460
ู
ูุงุญุธูู ููุง ูุฐู sensory area ููุฐู motor areaููู ุงู
193
00:17:19,460 --> 00:17:23,200
lower limbsุ ุจุชููู ููู ุจุนุฏูุง ุจูุฌููุด ุงู upper limbs
194
00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:26,540
ุจุนุฏูุง ุจูุฌูู ุงู head ู ุงู neck ูุฐุง ุงู sensor ููุณ
195
00:17:26,540 --> 00:17:30,960
ุงูุดูุก ูู ุงู motor ููุง ุงููุ upper limb ููุง lower
196
00:17:30,960 --> 00:17:34,360
limb ุจุชููู ูู ุงู upper part ูู ุงู middle part ุงู
197
00:17:34,360 --> 00:17:37,040
upper limbs ู ุงู head ูู ุงู lower part ุจูููู ุนูุฏู
198
00:17:37,040 --> 00:17:40,920
ู
ููุ ุนูุฏู ุงู face ูู ูู
ููุง ูุนูู ุจูููู ููุง ุนูุฏู
199
00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:48,420
lower limbs upper limbs ู trunk ู ููุง ุงู head ู ุงู
200
00:17:48,420 --> 00:17:56,560
faceููุฐุง ูููู ุงูุฅูุณุงู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู cerebral cortex
201
00:17:56,560 --> 00:18:05,220
ุงูุจูุฑุงู
ู
202
00:18:05,220 --> 00:18:12,260
ุฏู ุงู tract ุจูุฑุงู
ู ุฏู ุงู tract ูุฑุณู
ู ููุง ูุฎุทุทู ู
ุน
203
00:18:12,260 --> 00:18:12,620
ุจุนุถ
204
00:18:19,940 --> 00:18:28,040
ูู ุนูุฏู ุจูุฑุงู
ุฏุงู
205
00:18:28,040 --> 00:18:31,680
track
206
00:18:31,680 --> 00:18:35,480
ุจูุฑุงู
ุฏุงู
207
00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:43,440
track ู
ู ุงููุณู
ููุณู
ูู ุงููุณู
ููุณู
ูู ุงูู
208
00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:49,180
ูุณู
ุจูุณู
ูู cortico spinal
209
00:18:52,560 --> 00:19:00,180
ุงููุณู
ุงูุซุงูู ููุฑุชููู
210
00:19:00,180 --> 00:19:09,200
ูููููุงุฑ ุชุฑุงูุช ุงู ููุฑุชููู ุจุงูุจุฑ
211
00:19:17,420 --> 00:19:21,860
ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃูู ููุฑุชููู spinal tract ูุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุซุงูู
212
00:19:21,860 --> 00:19:24,200
ููุฑุชููู ูููููุงุฑ ุฃู ููุฑุชููู ุจูุจุฑ
213
00:19:35,420 --> 00:19:41,380
ุงูู Corticonuclear tract ูุณู
ูู ู Corticospinal
214
00:19:41,380 --> 00:19:47,400
tract ูุณู
ูู ู
ู ุงุณู
ู Corticonuclear tract
215
00:19:47,400 --> 00:19:51,420
Corticonuclear tract ุงูู ุฑุงุญ ูููู ุงู ุญุงูุฉ
216
00:19:51,420 --> 00:20:01,180
Corticonuclear tractุ ุจูุนุทููุง fibers ูู
ูุ ูุงูุชุฑูู
217
00:20:02,580 --> 00:20:11,160
ูู cells in the spinal cord ู
ู ููุง ูุณู
ู Cortico-H
218
00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:14,820
spinal ูุนูู ุจูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ุงู cortex ู ุจูุชูู ููู ูู ุงู
219
00:20:14,820 --> 00:20:21,840
spinal ุทุจ ู Cortico ูููููุง ุจูุนุทููุง fibers ูู
ูุ
220
00:20:21,840 --> 00:20:28,040
to motor nuclei
221
00:20:28,040 --> 00:20:31,760
in the brain stem
222
00:20:35,500 --> 00:20:47,520
ู
ูุชูุฑ ูููููุงู of cranial nerve of cranial
223
00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:52,340
nerve in
224
00:20:52,340 --> 00:21:00,060
the brain ุงูุณู
ุชู
ุงู
225
00:21:04,430 --> 00:21:14,250
Corticospinal tract ุชููุณู
ููุณู
ูู Lateral
226
00:21:14,250 --> 00:21:17,970
Corticospinal
227
00:21:17,970 --> 00:21:25,810
tract ู Ventral Corticospinal
228
00:21:25,810 --> 00:21:26,470
tract
229
00:21:30,280 --> 00:21:34,280
ุทุจุนุง ุงููุณู
ุงููุณู
ูู lateral corticospinal tract and
230
00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:37,540
ventral corticospinal tract lateral corticospinal
231
00:21:37,540 --> 00:21:43,300
tract supply supply
232
00:21:43,300 --> 00:21:52,420
the upper limbs and lower limbs ุฃู
ุง ุงู ventral
233
00:21:52,420 --> 00:21:57,500
corticospinal tract supply ุงููู ูู
234
00:22:04,260 --> 00:22:09,520
trunk and abdominal
235
00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:14,980
muscle ูุจูู
236
00:22:14,980 --> 00:22:19,620
ูู ุนูุฏู ุงููู ูู ุงู ventral tract ุฃู ventral
237
00:22:19,620 --> 00:22:21,880
corticospinal tract ููููู ู
ุณุคููุฉ ุนู ุงู respiratory
238
00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:25,640
ุนู ุงูู respiratory muscle ูุงู cortico
239
00:22:28,610 --> 00:22:31,350
Bulbar tract ุฑุงุญ ูููุณู
ู .. ุงู corticonuclear
240
00:22:31,350 --> 00:22:36,590
tract ุฑุงุญ ูููุณู
ููุณู
ูู ุงููุณู
241
00:22:36,590 --> 00:22:43,930
ุงูุฃูู ุงุณู
ู lateral ููุณ ุงูุดูุก corticonuclear tract
242
00:22:43,930 --> 00:22:50,030
ูุงูุซุงูู medial corticonuclear
243
00:22:50,030 --> 00:22:56,630
tract ุงู medial corticonuclear tract ุณูู supply
244
00:22:59,180 --> 00:23:07,700
ุฃู give fibers to
245
00:23:07,700 --> 00:23:20,300
ocular nuclei ุงููู ูู
ุงูุนุตุจ ุงูุซุงูุซ ูุงูุฑุงุจุน ูุงูุณุงุฏุณ
246
00:23:20,300 --> 00:23:22,560
from
247
00:23:26,510 --> 00:23:31,150
both cerebral hemisphere ูุนูู ุงู media ุงูููุฑุชููู
248
00:23:31,150 --> 00:23:33,990
ูููููุงุฑ ุชุฑูุงูุช ุจูุนุทู ุงู ูููููุงุฑ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู ุงูููุงู
ูุชุฑ
249
00:23:33,990 --> 00:23:37,310
ู ุชุฑููููุง ู ุงูุงุจุฏูุณูุช ุนูู ุงู both side ุจูุจูู ุนูู
250
00:23:37,310 --> 00:23:39,450
ุงู right ู ุนูู ุงู left ู ุงู left ุจูุนุทู right left
251
00:23:39,450 --> 00:23:42,630
ู ููุฐุง ูุนูู ุงู ูููููุงุฑ of ุงูููุงู
ูุชุฑ ุชุฑููููุง ู
252
00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:46,110
ุงูุงุจุฏูุณูุช ุจูุงุฎุฏู ู
ู ุงู both cerebral hemisphere ุทุจ
253
00:23:46,110 --> 00:23:52,590
ุงู lateral ููุฑุชููู ูููููุงุฑ ุชุฑูุงูุช ุจูุนุทู
254
00:23:52,590 --> 00:23:53,750
ูุงูู
ูุชุฑ
255
00:23:55,610 --> 00:24:04,570
Nuclei of Trigeminal
256
00:24:04,570 --> 00:24:09,750
nerve Dorsal
257
00:24:09,750 --> 00:24:17,170
facial nerve Glucopharyngeal,
258
00:24:17,770 --> 00:24:22,490
vagus ู cranial accessory ุงููู ูู ุนูุงูุฉ ุจุงู
ุจูุบุงุณ
259
00:24:22,490 --> 00:24:23,010
ูููููุงุณ
260
00:24:29,020 --> 00:24:36,020
cranial accessory from both cerebral hemisphere
261
00:24:36,020 --> 00:24:46,500
and ูุจูุนุทู ูู
ุงู two ventral nucleus
262
00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:55,440
of facial nerve ูุงุตูุฉ ูhypoglossal nerve
263
00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:57,680
hypoglossal nucleus
264
00:25:01,760 --> 00:25:07,360
only from opposite side
265
00:25:12,120 --> 00:25:17,500
ูุนูู ููุง ุดุฑุญูุง ููู
ู
ุฎุทุท ุจุชุงุน ุจูุฑุงู
ุฏุงู ุฅุชุฑุงูุช ุดุฑุญูุง
266
00:25:17,500 --> 00:25:21,220
ููู
ู
ุฎุทุท ุจุชุงุน ุจูุฑุงู
ุฏุงู ุฅุชุฑุงูุช ููุง ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุณ ู
ุด ูุงุถุญ
267
00:25:21,220 --> 00:25:24,900
ูุชูุฑ ูู ุงููุฑูุฉ ุงููู ุฃูุง ุตูุฑุชูููุง ุฅูุงูุง ููุง ุฑุณู
ูุง
268
00:25:24,900 --> 00:25:28,620
ูููุง ุฅูุงูุง ูุฎุทุทุชูุง ููู
ุงู ุจูุฑุงู
ุฏุงู ุฅุชุฑุงูุช ุจููุณู
269
00:25:28,620 --> 00:25:34,140
ูุฌุฒุฆูู ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃูู corticospinal tractูุฌุฒุก ุซุงูู
270
00:25:34,140 --> 00:25:36,600
Corticobulbar ุงู Corticonuclear tract
271
00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:39,740
Corticospinal tract ูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ุงูููุฑุชูุณ ูููุชูู ูู
272
00:25:39,740 --> 00:25:44,060
spinal cord ูุนูู ุจูุนุทู fibers ููุงูุชุฑุงู ูุญุณู ูู
273
00:25:44,060 --> 00:25:49,540
spinal cord ู Corticobulbar tract ุจูุนุทู fibers to
274
00:25:49,540 --> 00:25:53,760
motor nuclei of the cranial nerves in the brain
275
00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:58,860
stem in the brain stem okay Corticospinal tract
276
00:25:58,860 --> 00:26:05,610
ุจููุณู
ููุณู
ููLateral corticospinal tract ุจูู
ุฑ ูู ุงู
277
00:26:05,610 --> 00:26:11,190
lateral column of spinal cord ู ุจูุบุถู ุงู upper ู
278
00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:16,070
lower limbsูventral corticospinal tract supply
279
00:26:16,070 --> 00:26:21,730
trunk and abdominal muscle ุจู
ุงุฑ ููู ูู ุงูventral
280
00:26:21,730 --> 00:26:25,870
column of spinal cord ููุฌู ู Corticobulbar tract
281
00:26:25,870 --> 00:26:31,490
ุจููุณู
ููุณู
ูู lateral corticonuclear tract and
282
00:26:31,490 --> 00:26:36,270
medial corticonuclear tract ุงู medial
283
00:26:36,270 --> 00:26:37,810
corticonuclear tract
284
00:26:47,600 --> 00:26:50,800
ุงููููููุงุฑุงุช ุจุชุงุนุชูู
ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุจุฑููู ุงูุณู
ูููููุงุณ
285
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:53,640
ุงู ุงููููุง ูููููุงุณ ุงู ุงููููุง ูููููุงุณ ุงู ุงููููุง
286
00:26:53,640 --> 00:26:55,860
ูููููุงุณ ุงู ุงููููุง ูููููุงุณ ุงู ุงููููุง ูููููุงุณ ุงู
287
00:26:55,860 --> 00:26:57,280
ุงููููุง ูููููุงุณ ุงู ุงููููุง ูููููุงุณ ุงู ุงููููุง ูููููุงุณ
288
00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:58,920
ุงู ุงููููุง ูููููุงุณ ุงู ุงููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง
289
00:26:58,920 --> 00:27:04,480
ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง
290
00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:05,610
ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููููุง ูููุงูู
291
00:27:05,610 --> 00:27:09,190
left ุจูููุท left ู ุจูููุท right ูุนูู ุงู nucleus
292
00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:14,030
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู motor nuclei of the ocular nerve received
293
00:27:14,030 --> 00:27:17,950
fibers from the corticonuclear tract ุฃูู ูุงุญุฏ
294
00:27:17,950 --> 00:27:22,530
ูููู
ุ from the medial corticonuclear tract from
295
00:27:22,530 --> 00:27:27,020
both cerebral hemispheresูุฌู ูู lateral
296
00:27:27,020 --> 00:27:31,700
corticonuclear tract give motor fibers ูู
ูุ
297
00:27:31,700 --> 00:27:37,140
ููู
ูุชูุฑ ูููููุงู of the cranial nerves ู
ู ูู
ุง ู
ูุชูุฑ
298
00:27:37,140 --> 00:27:41,140
ูููููุงุณ ุงูู trigeminal nerve ู
ูุชูุฑ ูููููุงุณ ุงูู
299
00:27:41,140 --> 00:27:45,820
dorsal nucleus ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงูู facial nerve ุฃู
ุจูุบุงุณ
300
00:27:45,820 --> 00:27:49,040
ูููููุงุณ ุงูู
ุณุฆูู ุนู ุงูู glossopharyngeal ู Vegas ู
301
00:27:49,040 --> 00:27:53,000
cranial accessoryfrom both cerebral and cerebral
302
00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:56,220
ูุนูู ุงู right lateral ุจูุนุทู right left right left
303
00:27:56,220 --> 00:28:02,260
ุทูุจ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงูู ุจูุนุทู ูู
ุงู ventral nucleus of facial
304
00:28:02,260 --> 00:28:07,300
nerve ุงูู
ุณุฆูู ุนู ุงู lower quadrant of the face
305
00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:10,640
ูุจูุนุชุจุฑูุง ุงูู hypoglossal nucleus ุงูู
ุณุฆูู ุนู ุงูู
306
00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:15,880
hypoglossal nerve only from up this side ูุนูู ุงู
307
00:28:15,880 --> 00:28:19,740
ventral nucleus ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู facial nerve ุงูุดู
ุงู
308
00:28:19,740 --> 00:28:24,810
ุงููู
ูููุงูู hypoglossal nucleus ุจุชุงุนุช ุงูุนุตุจ ุงูุซุงูู
309
00:28:24,810 --> 00:28:31,030
ุนุดุฑ ุงููู
ูู ุจุณ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูู left lateral
310
00:28:31,030 --> 00:28:34,490
corticonuclear ุชุงุฎุฏุด ู
ู ุงูู both cerebral ุงููู
311
00:28:34,490 --> 00:28:37,970
ู
ุตูุฑุ ุจูุงุฎุฏ ู
ู ุงูู one sideุ ุจูุงุฎุฏ ู
ู ูููุ one
312
00:28:37,970 --> 00:28:38,610
side
313
00:28:42,830 --> 00:28:46,430
ููู ุงู pyramidal tract ุงูุขู ุฑุงุญ ูููู ุฃุณูู ููู
ุงู
314
00:28:46,430 --> 00:28:53,150
pyramidal tract is a bundle of motoneur fibers it
315
00:28:53,150 --> 00:28:57,370
begins in the cerebral cortex ุจูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ูููุ ู
ู ุงู
316
00:28:57,370 --> 00:29:01,190
cerebral cortex ุนุดุงู ููู ุณู
ูู corticospinal
317
00:29:01,190 --> 00:29:05,130
corticobulbar ุงู corticonuclear ูุนูู ุจูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ูููุ
318
00:29:05,130 --> 00:29:09,810
ู
ู ุงู cortex ุจูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ูููุ ู
ู ุงู cortex ูุจููุชููIt
319
00:29:09,810 --> 00:29:19,370
ends in anterior horn cells of spinal cord ููุฑุชููู
320
00:29:19,370 --> 00:29:22,730
ุณุจุงููุงู ุชุฑูุช
321
00:29:25,430 --> 00:29:30,690
ูุฎูุต ูู ุงู motor nuclei of the cranial nerves in
322
00:29:30,690 --> 00:29:35,670
the brainstem ุงุณู
ู corticonuclear ุงู corticobulbar
323
00:29:35,670 --> 00:29:40,670
retract ูุจูู cortico ุงู ุงูุจุฑุงู
ุฌ ุงู retract ููุณู
ูู
324
00:29:40,670 --> 00:29:46,120
ุงุณู
ููCorticospinal tract and Corticonuclear tract
325
00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:51,340
Corticospinal tract ุจููุณู
ู
ู ูุณู
ูู ุญุณุจ ููู ู
ุฑ ุฅูู
326
00:29:51,340 --> 00:29:55,360
lateral corticospinal tract ุจู
ุฑ ูู ุงู lateral
327
00:29:55,360 --> 00:29:59,500
column of spinal cord and ventral ุงู anterior
328
00:29:59,500 --> 00:30:04,160
corticospinal tract ุจู
ุฑ ูู ุงู ventral column of
329
00:30:04,160 --> 00:30:09,040
spinal cord ุงู
ุง corticonuclear tract ุฑุงุญ ูู
ุฑ ูููุ
330
00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:16,020
ููุจุฑุงูู ุงุณุชู
ุฑูุง ููููุณู
ููุณู
ูู ู lateral and medial
331
00:30:16,020 --> 00:30:22,620
corticonuclear tract ุงูุงู ูุชููู
ุนูู ุดู ุงุณู
ู upper
332
00:30:22,620 --> 00:30:28,020
motoneuron ุณู
ุนุช ููู ุงู upper motoneuron system ุงู
333
00:30:28,020 --> 00:30:31,700
upper motoneuron system ูุฐุง ุงุญูุง ูุชููู
ุนูู
334
00:30:31,700 --> 00:30:34,380
corticospinal tract ุงู corticonuclear tract ูุนูู
335
00:30:34,380 --> 00:30:39,000
ุงู corticospinal tractู corticonuclear tract ุฅุฐุง
336
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:42,480
ุญุฏุซ ูููู
ู
ุดููุฉ ุจูุคุฏู ุฅูู upper motor neuron lesion
337
00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:47,400
ูุนูู damage of corticospinal tract or
338
00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:52,940
corticonuclear tract leads to upper motor neuron
339
00:30:52,940 --> 00:30:56,980
lesion ูุนูู ูุนุฑููุง ุงู damage ุฃู ุฃู ุชุบูุฑ ุฃู ุฃู ู
ุฑุถ
340
00:30:56,980 --> 00:31:00,260
ุจูุตูุจ ุงู corticospinal tract ุฃู corticonuclear
341
00:31:00,260 --> 00:31:07,530
tract ูุคุฏู ุฅูู upper motor neuron lesionูููู ูู
342
00:31:07,530 --> 00:31:11,030
ูุนุชุจุฑ super spinal lesion ุงู ุงุฐุง ุจุชููู
ุนูู ุงู
343
00:31:11,030 --> 00:31:15,050
corticonuclear tract super nuclear lesion ุงูุด ุงู
344
00:31:15,050 --> 00:31:18,030
function ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงูุนุจุฑ ู
ูุชู ููุฑูู ุงู ูุงู
345
00:31:18,030 --> 00:31:23,070
corticospinal ุงู corticonuclear ุงูู ูุธููุฉ ุงู ูู
346
00:31:23,070 --> 00:31:27,170
initiation and control of voluntary motor activity
347
00:31:27,170 --> 00:31:36,820
ูู ุญุงู ุงูููู ุญุงู ุงูู ุญุฏุซ ุนูุฏูุง ุงู damage
348
00:31:36,820 --> 00:31:41,540
of corticospinal tract ุงู corticonuclear tract
349
00:31:41,540 --> 00:31:45,760
ุจูุญุฏุซ paralysis ุจูุญุฏุซ ุงูุดุ paralysis ุงู ุดูู
350
00:31:47,650 --> 00:31:51,590
Inhibition of muscle tone Inhibition of muscle
351
00:31:51,590 --> 00:31:55,030
tone ูู ูุธููุชู ูุนู
ู Inhibition ูู muscle tone ูู
352
00:31:55,030 --> 00:31:58,770
ุญุงู ุญุฏุซ damage ูู other motor neuron ุฑุญ ูููู ุนูุฏูุง
353
00:31:58,770 --> 00:32:03,990
muscle hypertonia muscle hypertonia ุซูุงุซุฉ ุจูุนู
ู
354
00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:07,710
Inhibition ูู deep reflex ุนุดุงู ููู ุงุญูุง ูู
ุง ููุญุต
355
00:32:07,710 --> 00:32:11,930
reflex ูู
ุฑูุฏ ุจูููู ุงุดุฏ ุนูุฏู ุงู ุงูุฏู
ู ููุนุดุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู
356
00:32:11,930 --> 00:32:14,150
ุฃูู
ุงู cortex ุงู cortex ูุนู
ู Inhibition ูู reflex
357
00:32:14,150 --> 00:32:18,630
ูู ุญุงู ุญุฏุซุฃุจุฑู
ูุชูููุฑูู ููุฌูู ุฑุงุญ ูุชุญูู
358
00:32:18,630 --> 00:32:22,510
ูhyperreflexiaุ hyperreflexiaุ ูุจูู ูู ูุธููุฉ
359
00:32:22,510 --> 00:32:26,550
ุงูุฃุจุฑู
ูุชูููุฑูู initiation and control of voluntary
360
00:32:26,550 --> 00:32:30,210
motor activity ูู ูุงุญุฏุ ุงุชูููุ inhibition of
361
00:32:30,210 --> 00:32:35,430
muscle toneุ ุซูุงุซุฉุ inhibition of deep reflexes
362
00:32:36,940 --> 00:32:42,420
ู
ุชููู
ุนูู ุงู path way of the upper motor neurons
363
00:32:42,420 --> 00:32:46,460
ุฃู ุงู ุจูุฑุงู
ุฏุงู ุงู ุงู corticospinal tract ุงูุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
364
00:32:46,460 --> 00:32:50,340
ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ุจูุช ุงู cells ู
ู ุงู area ุฑูู
ุฃุฑุจุน ู
ู ุงู
365
00:32:50,340 --> 00:32:53,720
upper two third of pre central gas ููู ูู ุงู ุงู
366
00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:57,400
upper two thirdุ ูุฃู ุงู corticonuclear tract ู
ุชุฌู
367
00:32:57,400 --> 00:33:02,640
ุฅูู ุงู face ุฑุญ ูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ุงู lower one third ุจุนุฏู ุงู
368
00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:07,850
fibers descent ูู ุดูุก ุงุณู
ู corona radiataุจู
ุฑู ูู
369
00:33:07,850 --> 00:33:13,190
ุงูู posterior limb of internal capsule ุจุนุฏู ูู ุงู
370
00:33:13,190 --> 00:33:19,550
midbrain, palms, medulla oblongataุ ูู lower part
371
00:33:19,550 --> 00:33:25,270
of medulla oblongataุจูุญุฏุซ ุนู
ููุฉ decassation ุงู
372
00:33:25,270 --> 00:33:28,390
crossing ุงูู Corticospiral tract ุงููู ุฌุงู ู
ู
373
00:33:28,390 --> 00:33:32,210
ุงููู
ูู ุจูุชุฌู ูููุณุงุฑ ู ุงููู ุฌุงู ู
ู ุงููุณุงุฑ ุจูุชุฌู
374
00:33:32,210 --> 00:33:35,670
ูููู
ูู ุนูุดุงู ุฃุณุฃูู ูู ุญุฏุซ ุฌูุทุฉ ุฏู
ุงุบูุฉ ูู ุงููู
ูู
375
00:33:35,670 --> 00:33:39,230
ููู ุงู hemoglobin ุจุชูููุ ุนูู ุงู opposite side ูู
376
00:33:39,230 --> 00:33:42,330
ุญุฏุซ ุฌูุทุฉ ุฏู
ุงุบูุฉ ูู ุงููุณุงุฑ ููู ุงู hemoglobin ุจุชูููุ
377
00:33:42,330 --> 00:33:46,870
ุนูู ุงู right side ูููุฐุง ูุฐู ุจูุณู
ููุง ุจูุฑุงู
ุฏุงู
378
00:33:46,870 --> 00:33:50,390
decassation ูุญุงูู
379
00:33:51,260 --> 00:34:05,480
ูุฑุณู
ููู
ุฅูุงูู
ููุง ูุฏ ุงูุฅู
ูุงู ูู
ุง
380
00:34:05,480 --> 00:34:09,140
ุจุชููู
ุน ู
ูุชูุฑ ุฃูุง ุจุชููู
ุนููู ุนูู descending tract
381
00:34:09,140 --> 00:34:12,320
ูุจูู ุงู tract ุฑุงุญ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ููู ู
ู ุงู cortex ู ุฃูุฒู
382
00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:12,880
ููู
ุตุฏุฑ
383
00:34:31,900 --> 00:34:39,060
ููุง area precentral
384
00:34:39,060 --> 00:34:44,400
gyrus
385
00:34:44,400 --> 00:34:51,640
ุงููู ูู area ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุนุฏูู ูู ููุง
386
00:34:56,400 --> 00:35:10,060
Internal Capsule ุจุนุฏูู
387
00:35:10,060 --> 00:35:10,660
ููู ุงููู ูู
388
00:35:25,740 --> 00:35:30,240
mid brain bones
389
00:35:30,240 --> 00:35:33,260
ู
ุฏูุฉ
390
00:35:33,260 --> 00:35:53,840
ุฃุจูุบุชูุง ูุงุฎุฏ two segments of spinal cord ู
391
00:35:53,840 --> 00:35:54,300
ููุง ูู ุนูุฏ
392
00:35:58,240 --> 00:36:03,920
ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ
393
00:36:03,920 --> 00:36:07,380
ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ
394
00:36:07,380 --> 00:36:12,380
ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ
395
00:36:12,380 --> 00:36:16,900
ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ
396
00:36:16,900 --> 00:36:16,920
ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ
397
00:36:16,920 --> 00:36:21,920
ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตุฑ
398
00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:27,540
ู
ุตุฑ ู
ุตูุฐุง segment of spinal cord ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงู
399
00:36:27,540 --> 00:36:33,520
ูุงุฎุฏ c5 segment ูุงุฎุฏ ุงู3 segment
400
00:36:57,050 --> 00:37:05,330
ุงูู Corticospinal tract ุฑุงุญ ูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ูููุ ู
ู ุงูู
401
00:37:05,330 --> 00:37:11,950
pre-central area ุงููู ูู ู
ู ุงู upper ู ุงู middle
402
00:37:11,950 --> 00:37:20,710
one third ุฑุงุญ ุงู fibers ุชู
ุฑ ูู ุงู posterior limb
403
00:37:20,710 --> 00:37:30,910
of internal capsulemedibrain bones medulla
404
00:37:30,910 --> 00:37:40,650
oblongata ูุฐุง ุงูุด ุงุณู
ู ุงุณู
ู cortico spinal
405
00:37:40,650 --> 00:37:52,310
tract ุชู
ุงู
ููุง internal capsule ูุฐุง left internal
406
00:37:52,310 --> 00:38:04,370
capsulelift internal capsule lift
407
00:38:04,370 --> 00:38:08,250
internal
408
00:38:08,250 --> 00:38:12,650
capsule
409
00:38:12,650 --> 00:38:20,850
ุงููู ูู lower part of medulla oblongata ูุฐุง ุงููู
410
00:38:20,850 --> 00:38:26,410
ููCorticospinal tract ุจูุนู
ู incomplete decassation
411
00:38:26,410 --> 00:38:30,870
ุงู crossing ุจูุนู
ู incomplete decassation ุงู main
412
00:38:30,870 --> 00:38:33,890
fibers ุงูุชุฑ ู
ู ุฎู
ุณุฉ ู ุชู
ุงููู ุชุณุนูู ูู ุงูู
ูุฉ
413
00:38:33,890 --> 00:38:39,610
ุจูุนู
ููุง crossing ุนูู ุงู opposite side ุงููุฑุณุงูุช ู
ูู
414
00:38:39,610 --> 00:38:45,570
ูู ุงู left? Corticospinal tract ู ุจูุชุฌู ู ุงู right
415
00:38:45,570 --> 00:38:55,090
side ู ุจูููุช ู ูู ูููุ ููlateral column ูู ุงู
416
00:38:55,090 --> 00:39:03,670
lateral column of spinal cord ูุจุฏุฃ
417
00:39:03,670 --> 00:39:11,170
ููุฒู ู
ุซู ุฎุท ุงูููุฑุจุง ุงูุฑุฆูุณู ููู ุจููุชููุ ุจููุชูู at
418
00:39:11,170 --> 00:39:17,370
the level of
419
00:39:19,260 --> 00:39:29,060
S2 ุณุงูุฑุงู ุชู ุณุจุงููุงู ููุฑุฏ ูุนูู
420
00:39:29,060 --> 00:39:33,640
ุจูุชูู ููู ุนูู level ุณุงูุฑุงู ุชู S2 segment of spinal
421
00:39:33,640 --> 00:39:37,900
cord ูุฐุง ุจุดุจู ุฎุท ุงูููุฑุจ ุงูุฑุฆูุณู ุงููุงุฒู ูู ุงูุฏุฑุฌ
422
00:39:37,900 --> 00:39:44,160
ูุงุฒู ู ูู ู
ุง ูุตู ุทุงุจู ุงูุดุฌุฑุฉ ุจูุนุทููุง ุณูู ุฎุท ูุฐุง
423
00:39:44,160 --> 00:39:52,070
ุงูุด ุงุณู
ู ุงู lift ุชุชุญููุงููู ูุง right ูู ุงู spoiler
424
00:39:52,070 --> 00:39:57,730
code ุงูุด ุจูุตูุฑ ุงุณู
ู right cortico
425
00:39:57,730 --> 00:40:09,550
ุงู ุงุณู
ู ุตุญ ูู ุงุณู
ู
426
00:40:09,550 --> 00:40:14,450
ุตุญ right lateral
427
00:40:16,840 --> 00:40:21,320
Corticospinal tract Right Lateral Corticospinal
428
00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:25,860
tract ูุฐุง ุงูุฎุท ุงูุฑุฆูุณู ูู ู
ุง ูุตู ุงูู Anterior Horn
429
00:40:25,860 --> 00:40:32,360
Cells ุจูุนุทููู
ุฅูุดุ Fibers ุจูุนุทููู
ุฅููุ Fibers ุนูู
430
00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:36,340
ูู segment ุนูู ูู segment ูุจูู ูู ุญุฏุซ ุฏู
ุฌ ูู
431
00:40:36,340 --> 00:40:39,960
Corticospinal tract ูู ุงู brain ุฃู Spinal cord ูุฐุง
432
00:40:39,960 --> 00:40:44,040
ุจูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุฅูุดุ Upper Motoneurone lesion Upper
433
00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:51,860
Motoneurone lesion2 ุงูุฌุฒุก
434
00:40:51,860 --> 00:40:57,560
ุงููู ุจูู ุงููู ู
ุงุนู
ุด costing ูุฐุง
435
00:40:57,560 --> 00:41:05,640
ุจูุฒู ูู ุงู anterior horn cells ุจูุฒู ูู ุงู anterior
436
00:41:05,640 --> 00:41:11,100
column of spinal cord ู ุจูู
ู ุทุฑููู ููู ุจูุชูู
437
00:41:19,510 --> 00:41:23,630
ends at lower
438
00:41:23,630 --> 00:41:30,590
thoracic level ูู
439
00:41:30,590 --> 00:41:34,010
ูุงุณ ุจูููููุง ุนูู ุงู middle thoracic level ุงูุซุงููู
440
00:41:34,010 --> 00:41:40,530
ุตุญ middle ุงู lower thoracic ูุฐุง ุงูุด ุจูุนุทู ุจูุนุทู ูุง
441
00:41:40,530 --> 00:41:48,250
ุงูุด ูุง ูู ุงูุชูู ููุง ุงูุชุฑ ู
ุด ุฑุงุญ ูุตู ุงู number
442
00:41:51,940 --> 00:42:11,700
ุนุดุงู ุชููู ุตุญ ููู
443
00:42:11,700 --> 00:42:14,980
ุจููุชูู end at
444
00:42:21,190 --> 00:42:26,490
the lower thoracic
445
00:42:26,490 --> 00:42:33,110
level ูุฐุง ุงู .. ุฅูุด ุจูุณู
ููุ ุจูุณู
ูู ventral
446
00:42:37,550 --> 00:42:42,630
ูุงุถููุชู ุงูุด ูุง ุบุฏูุ ูุงุถููุชู ูุบุฏู ุงููู ูู chest
447
00:42:42,630 --> 00:42:46,790
muscle ุงู thoracic muscle ุงู respiratory muscle
448
00:42:46,790 --> 00:42:49,570
ูุฐุง ุจูุนุทู ุงู anterior horn cells ุนูู ููุณ ุงูุฌูุฉ
449
00:42:49,570 --> 00:42:52,290
ูุจูุนุทู ุงู anterior horn cells ุนูู ุงูุฌูุฉ ุงูุซุงููุฉ
450
00:42:52,290 --> 00:42:56,990
ูุนูู ุจูุนุทู ุงู both anterior horn cells for
451
00:42:56,990 --> 00:43:03,820
respiratory muscleุทูุจ ูุฐุง ูุนุชุจุฑ ุงูุด Corticospinal
452
00:43:03,820 --> 00:43:09,240
tract ูุงู ู
ุฑุณูู
ูู ูู slide ูุงุถุญ ูุงู ุนูุฏู ูููู ูุงู
453
00:43:09,240 --> 00:43:14,400
ุนูุฏู pyramidal decassation ูุงุฏ ุงู pyramids ุจุชุญูู ู
454
00:43:14,400 --> 00:43:18,040
decassation ูุนูู ูู ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ุญุฏุซ ู
ุน ุฌูุทุฉ ุฏู
ุงุบูุฉ ูู
455
00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:20,580
ุงู left cerebral hemisphere ููู ุงู hemiplegia
456
00:43:20,580 --> 00:43:23,800
ูุชููู ุนูู ุงู right ุทูุจ ูู ุฌููุง ูู ุงู spinal cord
457
00:43:23,800 --> 00:43:28,300
ูุฃุฎูุต ุงู crossing ุตุงุฑ ุฏู
ุฌ ูู ุงู spinal cordุ ุนูู
458
00:43:28,300 --> 00:43:31,500
ููุณ ุงูุฌูุฉ ุจุฏู ูููู ููู motorุ ุนูู ููุณ ุงูุฌูุฉ ูุฃู ุงู
459
00:43:31,500 --> 00:43:34,840
crossing ุฎูุต ููู ุจุชุชู
ุงู crossingุ ุจุชุชู
ุงู
460
00:43:34,840 --> 00:43:41,440
crossing ูููุ ุนูู ุงู lower part
461
00:43:41,440 --> 00:43:50,030
of medulla oblongataุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููู
ุฏุงูุฉ ุงูุฃุณูู 80% ู
462
00:43:50,030 --> 00:43:57,710
85% ู
ู ุงูููุจูุฑุฒ ูููู
ูู ุจู crossings ููุฑูุญูุง ุนูู
463
00:43:57,710 --> 00:44:02,660
ุงูู opposite side ูู ุงูู lateral columnูุงูุฌุฒุก ุงููู
464
00:44:02,660 --> 00:44:05,840
ุจูุธููุง .. ุจูุณู
ููู
ุฅูุดุ indirect ููุด ุจูุณู
ููู
465
00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:09,200
indirectุ ูุฃููู
ุนู
ููุง crossing ู ุงุชุฌููุง ุนูู ุงู
466
00:44:09,200 --> 00:44:13,500
opposite side ุจูุณู
ููู
crossed corticospinal tract
467
00:44:13,500 --> 00:44:18,300
ูุจูููู
ูุฎูุตูุง ูู fibers ุงู ูู ู
ุง ูุณู ุงู segment
468
00:44:18,300 --> 00:44:22,780
ุจูุทูุนูุง fibers ูู
ููุ ูู anterior horn cells ูู ู
ุง
469
00:44:22,780 --> 00:44:25,800
ูุณู ุงู segment ุจูุทูุนูุง fibers ูู anterior horn
470
00:44:25,800 --> 00:44:30,620
cells ุทูุจ ุงู 15 ู 20% ู
ู ุงู fibers ุงููู ุถุงููู
ูุฏุฑ
471
00:44:31,510 --> 00:44:36,350
ูู
ุงุนู
ููุด crossing ุจูุณู
ููู
direct anterior ุงู
472
00:44:36,350 --> 00:44:40,430
ventral corticospinal tract ุจูุนุทููุง fibers ูู
473
00:44:40,430 --> 00:44:44,430
anterior home cells ุนูู ููุณ ุงู segment ุจุณ ููููุ ูู
474
00:44:44,430 --> 00:44:49,790
both cerebral hemisphere ููู ุจููุชููุงุ ุจููุชููุง ูู
475
00:44:49,790 --> 00:44:53,450
ุงู mid thoracic ู
ู
ูู ูู ู
ุฑุงุฌุน ูููููุง ูููููุง ูู ุงู
476
00:44:53,450 --> 00:44:56,290
lower thoracic ุงุนุชุจุฑูู
mid thoracic ุนุดุงู ู
ุง
477
00:44:56,290 --> 00:44:59,490
ุชุชุฎุฑุจุทูุด ูุนุชู
ุฏูู
mid thoracic ูู ู
ุฑุงุฌุน ูููููุง
478
00:44:59,490 --> 00:45:06,100
lower thoracicmade thoracic ูุนุชู
ุฏูู
ูููู level
479
00:45:06,100 --> 00:45:11,540
ุงูุขู ุฃูุง ุจูุชูุฑ ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฃูู ู
ู ุงูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงูุฌุฒุก
480
00:45:11,540 --> 00:45:17,800
ุงูุซุงูู ุฑุงุญ ุฃูู
ูู ูู ุฌุฒุก ุงุซููู ูู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงูุฃุณุจูุน
481
00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:19,500
ุงูุซุงูุซ ุนุดุงู ูุนุทููู
ุงูุนุงููุฉ
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