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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡

2
00:00:09,390 --> 00:00:14,170
ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุฑ ุฑุญ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰

3
00:00:14,170 --> 00:00:17,190
anatomy and physiology of the motor system ุงู„

4
00:00:17,190 --> 00:00:20,870
motor system ู…ู‡ู… ู„ูƒู… ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฑุญ ูŠุชู… ุดุฑุญู‡ ููŠ

5
00:00:20,870 --> 00:00:24,030
ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ููŠ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุฑ ูˆุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ

6
00:00:24,030 --> 00:00:29,210
ููŠ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุนุดุฑ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ motor system

7
00:00:29,210 --> 00:00:35,780
what's the components of the motor systemู…ู† ุงูŠุด

8
00:00:35,780 --> 00:00:42,500
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ motor systemุŸ ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† cortical

9
00:00:42,500 --> 00:00:46,740
motor area cortical motor area ูŠุนู†ูŠ primary

10
00:00:46,740 --> 00:00:50,820
cortical motor area ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ pre central

11
00:00:50,820 --> 00:00:58,660
gyrus area 4ูˆ secondary motor areaุŒ area ุฑู‚ู… 6

12
00:00:58,660 --> 00:01:04,180
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ frontal loop anterior to the precentral

13
00:01:04,180 --> 00:01:09,840
gyrus and cortical association area ุฏู„ูˆู„ ุดุฆ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…

14
00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:16,620
ุนู† ุงู„ cortical motor area ุงุชู†ูŠู† Basal nuclei ุงู„ู„ูŠ

15
00:01:16,620 --> 00:01:20,860
ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ extrapyramidal nervous system ู…ุซู„ ุงู„

16
00:01:20,860 --> 00:01:26,670
butamineglobus pallidus ูƒูˆุฏูŠุช ุฃู…ูŠุฌุฏุงู„ูˆูŠุฏ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ

17
00:01:26,670 --> 00:01:34,490
ูˆุฅูƒู„ุงูˆุณุฑ ุณูŠุฑูŠุจูŠู„ุง brain

18
00:01:34,490 --> 00:01:39,330
stem ุฌุฏุงุฏ ุฏู…ุงุบ spinal cord ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก

19
00:01:39,330 --> 00:01:43,330
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ motor ู„ูŠุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ brain stem ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ

20
00:01:43,330 --> 00:01:45,950
ูู‚ุท motor ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ sensor ุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก

21
00:01:45,950 --> 00:01:52,660
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุต motor spinal cordุจุฑูŠููŠุฑุงู„ ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ูุงูŠุฑุฒ

22
00:01:52,660 --> 00:01:58,460
ุจุฑููŠุฑุงู„ ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ู†ูŠุฑู ูุงูŠุฑุฒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ nerve ููŠู‡ sensory

23
00:01:58,460 --> 00:02:00,740
fibers ูˆ ููŠู‡ autonomic fibers ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„

24
00:02:00,740 --> 00:02:04,800
motor fibers ุงู„ neuromuscular junction ุงู„

25
00:02:04,800 --> 00:02:08,920
neuromuscular junction and muscle and muscle

26
00:02:08,920 --> 00:02:11,980
what's

27
00:02:11,980 --> 00:02:16,100
the components of the extrapyramidal motor system

28
00:02:17,480 --> 00:02:23,060
Extrapyramidal motor system ุจุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุฒุงู„

29
00:02:23,060 --> 00:02:27,600
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ูƒูˆุฏุงุช ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุจูŠูˆุชุงู…ูŠู† ุฌู„ูˆุจุงุณ ุจูŠุถุงุณ

30
00:02:27,600 --> 00:02:31,520
ูƒู„ุงูˆุณุชุฑูˆู… ุงู…ูŠุฌุฏุงู„ูˆูŠุฏ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุจูŠุฒุงู„

31
00:02:31,520 --> 00:02:38,810
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠsubthalamus ุณูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฏูŠุงู†

32
00:02:38,810 --> 00:02:42,810
ุณูŠูุฑูˆู†ุŒ ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุฏูŠุงู† ุณูŠูุฑูˆู†ุŸ ุซู„ุงู…ุณุŒ ู‡ูŠุจูˆุซู„ุงู…ุณุŒ

33
00:02:42,810 --> 00:02:45,470
ุณุจุซู„ุงู…ุณุŒ ู…ูŠุชุงุซู„ุงู…ุณุŒ ุฅูŠุจูŠุซุงู„ุงู…ุณุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„

34
00:02:45,470 --> 00:02:49,390
subthalamus ุณูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฏูŠุงู† ุณูŠูุฑูˆู†ุŒ ูˆ

35
00:02:49,390 --> 00:02:54,990
ุงู„ thalamus ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุฏูŠุงู† ุณูŠูุฑูˆู†

36
00:02:55,700 --> 00:03:00,140
Substantia Negra ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Extra Pyramidal

37
00:03:00,140 --> 00:03:06,560
Nervous System ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Midbrain

38
00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:11,680
Substantia

39
00:03:11,680 --> 00:03:17,670
Negra ุชูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุฏุซ ู†ู‚ุตููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ

40
00:03:17,670 --> 00:03:22,750
ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ Parkinson

41
00:03:22,750 --> 00:03:28,650
disease ุงูˆ shaking palsy ู…ุฑุถ ุดูุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุถ

42
00:03:28,650 --> 00:03:34,250
Parkinson Red nucleus ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ middle

43
00:03:34,250 --> 00:03:39,730
brain ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ extrapyramidal

44
00:03:39,730 --> 00:03:46,730
nervous systemclinical correlation of the

45
00:03:46,730 --> 00:03:53,150
extrapyramidal nervous system ู„ูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ู„ุงู‚ุงุฉ ุจุจุนุถ

46
00:03:53,150 --> 00:03:58,930
ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† disease ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ degeneration

47
00:03:58,930 --> 00:04:04,270
and depigmentation of neurons in the substantia

48
00:04:04,270 --> 00:04:07,070
nigra ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒู†ุณูˆู† ุฑุงุญ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ููŠ

49
00:04:07,070 --> 00:04:14,040
ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุจูŠุญุฏุซ neurodegenerative changes in the

50
00:04:14,040 --> 00:04:19,020
substantia nigra ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†

51
00:04:19,020 --> 00:04:21,720
ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† Parkinson disease ูŠุนุชุจุฑ it chronic

52
00:04:21,720 --> 00:04:27,120
slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder

53
00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:35,960
characterized by loss of pigmented neurons in the

54
00:04:35,960 --> 00:04:41,590
substantia nigraูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุงูŠู‡ loss of

55
00:04:41,590 --> 00:04:46,430
pigmented neurons in substantia negra ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ

56
00:04:46,430 --> 00:04:50,730
ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุฑุงุฏูŠูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒูŠุง ุงูˆ ู‡ูŠุจูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒูŠุง ุจุชู‚ู

57
00:04:50,730 --> 00:04:58,330
ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ muscle rigidity breast tremor ุจุณ ุดุบู„

58
00:04:58,330 --> 00:05:03,470
instability ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู„ุฅูŠู‡ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

59
00:05:03,470 --> 00:05:09,120
Parkinson disease ุงุซู†ูŠู†Huntington's disease ุฃูˆ

60
00:05:09,120 --> 00:05:14,560
ูƒูˆุฑูŠุฉุชุนุชุจุฑ autosomal dominant ุฃูˆ ุฏุงุฆุฑ ุฑู‚ุต ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

61
00:05:14,560 --> 00:05:20,060
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุจุฑู‚ุต ุฏุงุฆุฑ ุฑู‚ุต autosomal dominant

62
00:05:20,060 --> 00:05:25,500
movement disorder associated with severe

63
00:05:25,500 --> 00:05:33,140
degeneration of the cholinergic and GABAergic

64
00:05:33,140 --> 00:05:40,770
neurons ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ GABAู‡ูˆ

65
00:05:40,770 --> 00:05:46,750
ุจุงู„ ูƒูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠูƒ ุชู…ุงู… which are located in the

66
00:05:46,750 --> 00:05:50,910
caudate nucleus and butamine ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

67
00:05:50,910 --> 00:05:57,970
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูƒูˆุฑูŠุฉ and dementia and dementia ูˆู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ

68
00:05:57,970 --> 00:06:04,530
degeneration ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠูƒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุนุจุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุนุจุฉ

69
00:06:04,530 --> 00:06:06,170
amino biotic acid

70
00:06:15,630 --> 00:06:22,210
ุจุงู„ูŠุฒู…ุณ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจุงู„ูŠุฒู…ุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ

71
00:06:22,210 --> 00:06:25,590
ุญุงู„ุงุช ischemic infarction ู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ischemic

72
00:06:25,590 --> 00:06:30,770
infarction ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ Lewis body ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ

73
00:06:30,770 --> 00:06:34,450
ููŠ ุงู„ subthalamus ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ูŠุฒู…ุณ ุฃูˆ

74
00:06:34,450 --> 00:06:38,670
hemibalism involuntary movementููŠ ู…ูˆุงุถุน ุขุฎุฑ

75
00:06:40,480 --> 00:06:45,220
Hepatolenticular Degeneration ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ูˆูŠู„ุณูˆู†

76
00:06:45,220 --> 00:06:51,500
ุฏูŠุฒูŠุฒ ู…ุฑุถ ูˆูŠู„ุณูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุณู…ูˆู‡ Hepatolenticular

77
00:06:51,500 --> 00:06:55,180
Degeneration ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูุฑ ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุฒุง

78
00:06:55,180 --> 00:06:59,320
ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ู„ูŠู†ุชูŠููˆุฑ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ accumulation of

79
00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:03,040
copper ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงุณู…ู‡

80
00:07:03,040 --> 00:07:06,900
ุงู„ceruloplasmin ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ceruloplasmin ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ

81
00:07:06,900 --> 00:07:10,300
mutation ุฃูˆ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ recessive diseaseูˆ

82
00:07:10,300 --> 00:07:15,080
ุณูŠุฑูˆู„ูู„ุงุฒู…ูŠู† ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ binding ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑ ุชุชุญุฏ

83
00:07:15,080 --> 00:07:18,380
ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ูˆ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ุนู‡ ุงู„ุจุนูˆุถ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ุนู‡ ุนุตุงุฑุฉ

84
00:07:18,380 --> 00:07:25,280
ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฑู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู† ููŠ mutation ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„

85
00:07:25,280 --> 00:07:32,560
enzyme ุจูŠุญุฏุซ block ูˆ ุนุฏู… ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑ

86
00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:36,900
ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ accumulation ู„ู„ู‚ุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ body ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฑ ุฑุงุญ

87
00:07:36,900 --> 00:07:40,560
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ liver ูˆ ุงู„ base ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ other

88
00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:45,660
organs type

89
00:07:45,660 --> 00:07:50,490
of body movementsุงู„ุงู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ body movements ููŠ

90
00:07:50,490 --> 00:07:56,190
autonomous ุงูˆ reflex movement ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุงุช

91
00:07:56,190 --> 00:07:59,370
reflex ุจุฏูˆู† ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡

92
00:07:59,370 --> 00:08:05,410
involuntary movement ุงูˆ postural without ุงูˆ ุงูˆ

93
00:08:05,410 --> 00:08:08,970
ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ withdrawal reflex withdrawal reflex ูŠุนู†ูŠ

94
00:08:08,970 --> 00:08:14,890
ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง .. ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฑูƒุงุช ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ

95
00:08:14,890 --> 00:08:21,730
ุญุฑูƒุงุช ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉูˆููŠ rhythmic voluntary movement ู…ุซู„

96
00:08:21,730 --> 00:08:25,730
ุงู„ chewing ูˆ walking ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ

97
00:08:25,730 --> 00:08:30,490
ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ุดูŠุช ูˆู‚ูุช ุฎู„ุงุต ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ voluntary

98
00:08:30,490 --> 00:08:39,290
movement ุงู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช the

99
00:08:39,290 --> 00:08:43,990
anterior horn cells ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord ููŠ anterior

100
00:08:43,990 --> 00:08:48,820
horn cellsู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ anterior horn cells ุงู„ู€ main

101
00:08:48,820 --> 00:08:53,940
function ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง motor main function ู„ู‡ุง motor ุงู„ู€

102
00:08:53,940 --> 00:08:57,900
anterior horn cells consist of motor cells ูŠุจู‚ู‰

103
00:08:57,900 --> 00:09:02,360
ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ motor cells ุงู„ู€ anterior horn cells

104
00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:09,840
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง medial group nuclei central group

105
00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:16,670
nucleiand lateral group nuclei ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑูŠูˆ

106
00:09:16,670 --> 00:09:21,370
ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฑูˆู† ุณูŠู„ุฒ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ

107
00:09:21,370 --> 00:09:29,390
central group and lateral group ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู„ูŠ

108
00:09:29,390 --> 00:09:35,890
ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ูƒู„ spinal cordุฃุถุงุก

109
00:09:35,890 --> 00:09:39,630
ุงู„ mediary group ููŠ ุงู„ thoracic segment ุจู†ุฌุณู…ู‡

110
00:09:39,630 --> 00:09:45,150
ู„ventromedial and dorsomedial ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู†

111
00:09:45,150 --> 00:09:51,630
ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ trunk supply the muscle of trunk ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ

112
00:09:51,630 --> 00:09:57,010
ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงูŠู‡ ู„ู„ trunkุŸ Central group ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ

113
00:09:57,010 --> 00:10:04,330
ุงู„ upper cervical part ููŠ C1 ูˆ C4ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ

114
00:10:04,330 --> 00:10:10,090
ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง fibers ู„ู€ pharynx nerve ูˆ spinal accessory

115
00:10:10,090 --> 00:10:14,010
nerve ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† pharynx nerve

116
00:10:14,010 --> 00:10:18,870
ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ูˆ spinal accessory nerve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุบุฏู‰

117
00:10:18,870 --> 00:10:24,070
trapezius muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle

118
00:10:24,070 --> 00:10:30,320
lateral groupู…ู† ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู€Ventral Lateral ูˆDorsal

119
00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:33,940
Lateral ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ lower cervical ููŠ ุงู„

120
00:10:33,940 --> 00:10:39,560
lumber ููŠ ุงู„ upper segment of sacral ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู†

121
00:10:39,560 --> 00:10:46,720
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ upper ูˆ lower limb muscle ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ medial

122
00:10:46,720 --> 00:10:50,200
group muscle ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ trunk ูˆ ุงู„ abdominal

123
00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:55,630
muscleCentral group ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† Pharynx ุฃูˆ

124
00:10:55,630 --> 00:10:59,010
Diaphragmatic nerve ูˆ Spinal accessory nerve

125
00:10:59,010 --> 00:11:03,010
ุจูŠุบุฏูˆุง ุงู„ Diaphragm ูˆ Trapezius muscle ูˆ

126
00:11:03,010 --> 00:11:08,870
Sternocleidomastoid muscle ูˆ Lateral group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†

127
00:11:08,870 --> 00:11:13,910
ุฌุณู…ู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฌุณู…ูŠู† Dorsolateral ูˆ Ventrolateral ู‡ุฐูˆู„

128
00:11:13,910 --> 00:11:17,270
ุจูŠุบุฏูˆู† ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ Upper ูˆ Lower limb muscles

129
00:11:19,990 --> 00:11:24,530
rule the spinal cord in motor function ุงูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ

130
00:11:24,530 --> 00:11:27,530
ุงู„ spinal cord ุงูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ anterior horn

131
00:11:27,530 --> 00:11:35,090
cells ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord ููŠ motor neurons

132
00:11:35,090 --> 00:11:38,970
ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู„ motor neurons ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„

133
00:11:38,970 --> 00:11:44,250
anterior horn cells ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ main function of the

134
00:11:44,250 --> 00:11:52,040
anterior horn cells is motor functionููŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู†

135
00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:58,460
ุงู„ู€ neurons ููŠ Alpha Motoneuron ูˆููŠ Gamma

136
00:11:58,460 --> 00:12:05,510
Motoneuron Alpha Motoneuronit is large type ูŠุนู†ูŠ

137
00:12:05,510 --> 00:12:10,190
give rise to large type a alpha motoneuron fibers

138
00:12:10,190 --> 00:12:15,330
ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† stimulation of the muscle fibers

139
00:12:15,330 --> 00:12:20,430
ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ alpha motoneuron ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„

140
00:12:20,430 --> 00:12:25,110
large type a alpha ูˆุจูŠุบุฏุฆู†ุง ูˆู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู†

141
00:12:25,110 --> 00:12:30,380
stimulation of muscle fibers ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠGamma

142
00:12:30,380 --> 00:12:35,820
Motoneuron Gamma Motoneuron ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน

143
00:12:35,820 --> 00:12:43,040
small of type A Gamma ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… control the muscle

144
00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:46,040
tone ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ small fibers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„

145
00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:51,240
regulation of muscle tone ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ large fibers ุงู„ู„ูŠ

146
00:12:51,240 --> 00:12:56,300
ุจูŠุฌูˆุง ู…ู† Alpha Motoneuron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจ stimulation

147
00:12:56,300 --> 00:13:01,660
of muscle fibersูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ูˆุชูˆ ู†ูŠุฑูˆู†ุฒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†

148
00:13:01,660 --> 00:13:08,660
ููŠ ุงู†ุชุฑูŠูˆ ู‡ูˆุฑ ุณูŠู„ุฒุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ Inter neurons

149
00:13:08,660 --> 00:13:15,400
Inter neurons ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… Intermediate Intermediate

150
00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:19,480
neurons ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ Inter neurons ุงูˆ ุงู„ Intermediate

151
00:13:19,480 --> 00:13:24,520
neurons ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† between the sensory

152
00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:28,740
neurons and motor ุจูŠู† ุงู„ sensory ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

153
00:13:28,740 --> 00:13:36,220
ุจู„ุบุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุจุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆุฑ ุณูŠู„ุฒ ูˆุงู†ุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ

154
00:13:36,220 --> 00:13:40,940
ู‡ูˆุฑ ุณูŠู„ุฒ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

155
00:13:40,940 --> 00:13:45,820
ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุฑูู„ูŠูƒุณ ุณูŠู†ุชุฑ ู…ุซู„ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู†ุชุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุช

156
00:13:45,820 --> 00:13:49,640
ุงูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูู†ุชุฑุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุณู„ ู‡ูˆุฑุณ ุงูˆ

157
00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:54,400
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ุจุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ

158
00:13:55,560 --> 00:13:59,920
Excitatory for Integrative Function of the Spinal

159
00:13:59,920 --> 00:14:05,380
Cord ูŠุนุชุจุฑู‡ Integrative Function ุฃูˆ Reflex Center

160
00:14:05,380 --> 00:14:07,480
ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… Reflex Center

161
00:14:26,330 --> 00:14:29,810
ุจุงู„ motor fibers ุชุนู…ู„ contraction of the muscle

162
00:14:29,810 --> 00:14:34,750
ูˆุจูŠุญุธู ุนู†ู‡ุง reflex ู„ุงุฒู…

163
00:14:34,750 --> 00:14:39,630
ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ pyramidal attract ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ

164
00:14:39,630 --> 00:14:44,930
pyramidal attractุŸ pyramidal attract contains

165
00:14:44,930 --> 00:14:50,710
about one million nerve fibers ููŠ one million

166
00:14:50,710 --> 00:14:57,430
nerve fibersit is the longest nerve fibers in the

167
00:14:57,430 --> 00:15:02,750
body ูˆ ุฃุทูˆู„ nerve fibers ุฃูˆ ุฃุทูˆู„ tract ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ

168
00:15:02,750 --> 00:15:07,490
ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ tract ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจุจุฏุฃุŸ ุงู„ origin

169
00:15:07,490 --> 00:15:12,560
ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุจุช ุงู„ cellsู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„

170
00:15:12,560 --> 00:15:17,160
internal pyramidal layer ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ

171
00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:21,420
ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ cortex ููŠ ุงู„ internal pyramidal

172
00:15:21,420 --> 00:15:25,240
layer ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ cortex ููŠ ุงู„histology ุจุชูƒูˆู†

173
00:15:25,240 --> 00:15:31,300
ู…ู† six layers ุงูˆู„ layer molecular layer ุซุงู†ูŠ layer

174
00:15:31,300 --> 00:15:38,020
external granular layer ุซุงู„ุซExternal Pyramidal

175
00:15:38,020 --> 00:15:44,240
Layer ุฑุงุจุน Internal Granular Layer ุฎุงู…ุณ Ganglionic

176
00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:48,400
Layers ุฃูˆ Internal Pyramidal Layer ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Internal

177
00:15:48,400 --> 00:15:53,260
Pyramidal Layer ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุซุณู„ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงูˆ

178
00:15:53,260 --> 00:15:57,660
ู‡ู… ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ Pyramidal Retract ูˆุขุฎุฑ ุดูŠ

179
00:15:57,660 --> 00:16:02,920
Multiform Layers ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ layers ู‡ู… layers of

180
00:16:02,920 --> 00:16:04,560
cerebral cortex

181
00:16:07,390 --> 00:16:11,550
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ cortex ุณุฑุงุญุชู„ูƒู…

182
00:16:11,550 --> 00:16:20,590
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ

183
00:16:20,590 --> 00:16:32,450
ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุญุช ุงู„

184
00:16:32,450 --> 00:16:38,360
upper limbs ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑ ูˆุงู„ lower limbs ููˆู‚ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„

185
00:16:38,360 --> 00:16:42,440
upper one third ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ lower limbs ููŠ ุงู„ middle

186
00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:47,740
one third ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ upper limbs ูˆ ุงู„ trunk ููŠ ุงู„

187
00:16:47,740 --> 00:16:55,810
lower one third ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ head ูˆ ุงู„ neckู‡ุฐุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡

188
00:16:55,810 --> 00:17:00,210
somatotopy cortical somatotopy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃุฌุงู„

189
00:17:00,210 --> 00:17:05,010
ุงู„ุชูŠูˆู…ุบ ููŠ ุงู„ upper part ุจูŠุญุฏุซ weakness ููŠ ุงู„

190
00:17:05,010 --> 00:17:08,370
opposite lower limb ููŠ ุงู„ middle ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ upper limb

191
00:17:08,370 --> 00:17:12,170
ููŠ ุงู„ lower part ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ face ูˆ ุงู„ head okay

192
00:17:12,170 --> 00:17:19,460
ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ sensory area ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ motor areaูˆูŠู† ุงู„

193
00:17:19,460 --> 00:17:23,200
lower limbsุŸ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููˆู‚ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠู‡ุด ุงู„ upper limbs

194
00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:26,540
ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠู‡ ุงู„ head ูˆ ุงู„ neck ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ sensor ู†ูุณ

195
00:17:26,540 --> 00:17:30,960
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ motor ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ upper limb ู‡ู†ุง lower

196
00:17:30,960 --> 00:17:34,360
limb ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ upper part ููŠ ุงู„ middle part ุงู„

197
00:17:34,360 --> 00:17:37,040
upper limbs ูˆ ุงู„ head ููŠ ุงู„ lower part ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ

198
00:17:37,040 --> 00:17:40,920
ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ face ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ

199
00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:48,420
lower limbs upper limbs ูˆ trunk ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ head ูˆ ุงู„

200
00:17:48,420 --> 00:17:56,560
faceู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cerebral cortex

201
00:17:56,560 --> 00:18:05,220
ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠ

202
00:18:05,220 --> 00:18:12,260
ุฏู‡ ุงู„ tract ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ tract ู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุฎุทุทู‡ ู…ุน

203
00:18:12,260 --> 00:18:12,620
ุจุนุถ

204
00:18:19,940 --> 00:18:28,040
ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„

205
00:18:28,040 --> 00:18:31,680
track

206
00:18:31,680 --> 00:18:35,480
ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„

207
00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:43,440
track ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุงูˆู„

208
00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:49,180
ู‚ุณู… ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ cortico spinal

209
00:18:52,560 --> 00:19:00,180
ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ

210
00:19:00,180 --> 00:19:09,200
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ุชุฑุงูƒุช ุงูˆ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ ุจุงู„ุจุฑ

211
00:19:17,420 --> 00:19:21,860
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ spinal tract ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ

212
00:19:21,860 --> 00:19:24,200
ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ ุจู„ุจุฑ

213
00:19:35,420 --> 00:19:41,380
ุงู„ู€ Corticonuclear tract ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ูˆ Corticospinal

214
00:19:41,380 --> 00:19:47,400
tract ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ Corticonuclear tract

215
00:19:47,400 --> 00:19:51,420
Corticonuclear tract ุงูŠู‡ ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ

216
00:19:51,420 --> 00:20:01,180
Corticonuclear tractุŸ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง fibers ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ุงู†ุชุฑูŠูˆ

217
00:20:02,580 --> 00:20:11,160
ู‡ูˆ cells in the spinal cord ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูˆ Cortico-H

218
00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:14,820
spinal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ cortex ูˆ ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„

219
00:20:14,820 --> 00:20:21,840
spinal ุทุจ ูˆ Cortico ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง fibers ู„ู…ู†ุŸ

220
00:20:21,840 --> 00:20:28,040
to motor nuclei

221
00:20:28,040 --> 00:20:31,760
in the brain stem

222
00:20:35,500 --> 00:20:47,520
ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ of cranial nerve of cranial

223
00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:52,340
nerve in

224
00:20:52,340 --> 00:21:00,060
the brain ุงู„ุณู… ุชู…ุงู…

225
00:21:04,430 --> 00:21:14,250
Corticospinal tract ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† Lateral

226
00:21:14,250 --> 00:21:17,970
Corticospinal

227
00:21:17,970 --> 00:21:25,810
tract ูˆ Ventral Corticospinal

228
00:21:25,810 --> 00:21:26,470
tract

229
00:21:30,280 --> 00:21:34,280
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† lateral corticospinal tract and

230
00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:37,540
ventral corticospinal tract lateral corticospinal

231
00:21:37,540 --> 00:21:43,300
tract supply supply

232
00:21:43,300 --> 00:21:52,420
the upper limbs and lower limbs ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ ventral

233
00:21:52,420 --> 00:21:57,500
corticospinal tract supply ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

234
00:22:04,260 --> 00:22:09,520
trunk and abdominal

235
00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:14,980
muscle ูŠุจู‚ู‰

236
00:22:14,980 --> 00:22:19,620
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ventral tract ุฃูˆ ventral

237
00:22:19,620 --> 00:22:21,880
corticospinal tract ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ respiratory

238
00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:25,640
ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ respiratory muscle ู‚ุงู„ cortico

239
00:22:28,610 --> 00:22:31,350
Bulbar tract ุฑุงุญ ูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ .. ุงูˆ corticonuclear

240
00:22:31,350 --> 00:22:36,590
tract ุฑุงุญ ูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุณู…

241
00:22:36,590 --> 00:22:43,930
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ lateral ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก corticonuclear tract

242
00:22:43,930 --> 00:22:50,030
ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ medial corticonuclear

243
00:22:50,030 --> 00:22:56,630
tract ุงู„ medial corticonuclear tract ุณู‡ู„ supply

244
00:22:59,180 --> 00:23:07,700
ุฃูˆ give fibers to

245
00:23:07,700 --> 00:23:20,300
ocular nuclei ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ูˆุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ

246
00:23:20,300 --> 00:23:22,560
from

247
00:23:26,510 --> 00:23:31,150
both cerebral hemisphere ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ media ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ

248
00:23:31,150 --> 00:23:33,990
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ุชุฑูŠุงูƒุช ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ ุงูˆูƒู„ุงู…ูˆุชุฑ

249
00:23:33,990 --> 00:23:37,310
ูˆ ุชุฑูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ุงุจุฏูˆุณู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ both side ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰

250
00:23:37,310 --> 00:23:39,450
ุงู„ right ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ left ูˆ ุงู„ left ุจูŠุนุทูŠ right left

251
00:23:39,450 --> 00:23:42,630
ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ of ุงูˆูƒู„ุงู…ูˆุชุฑ ุชุฑูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ูˆ

252
00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:46,110
ุงู„ุงุจุฏูˆุณู†ุช ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ both cerebral hemisphere ุทุจ

253
00:23:46,110 --> 00:23:52,590
ุงู„ lateral ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ุชุฑูŠุงูƒุช ุจูŠุนุทูŠ

254
00:23:52,590 --> 00:23:53,750
ู„ุงู„ู…ูˆุชุฑ

255
00:23:55,610 --> 00:24:04,570
Nuclei of Trigeminal

256
00:24:04,570 --> 00:24:09,750
nerve Dorsal

257
00:24:09,750 --> 00:24:17,170
facial nerve Glucopharyngeal,

258
00:24:17,770 --> 00:24:22,490
vagus ูˆ cranial accessory ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู…ุจูŠุบุงุณ

259
00:24:22,490 --> 00:24:23,010
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ

260
00:24:29,020 --> 00:24:36,020
cranial accessory from both cerebral hemisphere

261
00:24:36,020 --> 00:24:46,500
and ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† two ventral nucleus

262
00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:55,440
of facial nerve ูุงุตู„ุฉ ูˆhypoglossal nerve

263
00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:57,680
hypoglossal nucleus

264
00:25:01,760 --> 00:25:07,360
only from opposite side

265
00:25:12,120 --> 00:25:17,500
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุง ู„ูƒู… ู…ุฎุทุท ุจุชุงุน ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„ ุฅุชุฑุงูƒุช ุดุฑุญู†ุง

266
00:25:17,500 --> 00:25:21,220
ู„ูƒู… ู…ุฎุทุท ุจุชุงุน ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„ ุฅุชุฑุงูƒุช ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุณ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ

267
00:25:21,220 --> 00:25:24,900
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฑุณู…ู†ุง

268
00:25:24,900 --> 00:25:28,620
ู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ูˆุฎุทุทุชูˆุง ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„ ุฅุชุฑุงูƒุช ุจู†ู‚ุณู…

269
00:25:28,620 --> 00:25:34,140
ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ corticospinal tractูˆุฌุฒุก ุซุงู†ูŠ

270
00:25:34,140 --> 00:25:36,600
Corticobulbar ุงูˆ Corticonuclear tract

271
00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:39,740
Corticospinal tract ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุชูƒุณ ูˆูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ

272
00:25:39,740 --> 00:25:44,060
spinal cord ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ fibers ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงู„ ูˆุญุณู„ ููŠ

273
00:25:44,060 --> 00:25:49,540
spinal cord ูˆ Corticobulbar tract ุจูŠุนุทูŠ fibers to

274
00:25:49,540 --> 00:25:53,760
motor nuclei of the cranial nerves in the brain

275
00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:58,860
stem in the brain stem okay Corticospinal tract

276
00:25:58,860 --> 00:26:05,610
ุจู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู†Lateral corticospinal tract ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„

277
00:26:05,610 --> 00:26:11,190
lateral column of spinal cord ูˆ ุจูŠุบุถูŠ ุงู„ upper ูˆ

278
00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:16,070
lower limbsูˆventral corticospinal tract supply

279
00:26:16,070 --> 00:26:21,730
trunk and abdominal muscle ุจู…ุงุฑ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ventral

280
00:26:21,730 --> 00:26:25,870
column of spinal cord ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ Corticobulbar tract

281
00:26:25,870 --> 00:26:31,490
ุจู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† lateral corticonuclear tract and

282
00:26:31,490 --> 00:26:36,270
medial corticonuclear tract ุงู„ medial

283
00:26:36,270 --> 00:26:37,810
corticonuclear tract

284
00:26:47,600 --> 00:26:50,800
ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑู‡ูŠู† ุงู„ุณู… ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ

285
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:53,640
ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง

286
00:26:53,640 --> 00:26:55,860
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ

287
00:26:55,860 --> 00:26:57,280
ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ

288
00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:58,920
ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงูˆ ุงูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง

289
00:26:58,920 --> 00:27:04,480
ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง

290
00:27:04,480 --> 00:27:05,610
ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูƒูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆูˆุงู„ู€

291
00:27:05,610 --> 00:27:09,190
left ุจูŠู‚ูˆุท left ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆุท right ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ nucleus

292
00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:14,030
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ motor nuclei of the ocular nerve received

293
00:27:14,030 --> 00:27:17,950
fibers from the corticonuclear tract ุฃูŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ

294
00:27:17,950 --> 00:27:22,530
ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ from the medial corticonuclear tract from

295
00:27:22,530 --> 00:27:27,020
both cerebral hemispheresู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู€ lateral

296
00:27:27,020 --> 00:27:31,700
corticonuclear tract give motor fibers ู„ู…ู†ุŸ

297
00:27:31,700 --> 00:27:37,140
ู„ู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ of the cranial nerves ู…ู† ู‡ู…ุง ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ

298
00:27:37,140 --> 00:27:41,140
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ trigeminal nerve ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€

299
00:27:41,140 --> 00:27:45,820
dorsal nucleus ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ facial nerve ุฃู…ุจูŠุบุงุณ

300
00:27:45,820 --> 00:27:49,040
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ glossopharyngeal ูˆ Vegas ูˆ

301
00:27:49,040 --> 00:27:53,000
cranial accessoryfrom both cerebral and cerebral

302
00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:56,220
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ right lateral ุจูŠุนุทูŠ right left right left

303
00:27:56,220 --> 00:28:02,260
ุทูŠุจ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ventral nucleus of facial

304
00:28:02,260 --> 00:28:07,300
nerve ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ lower quadrant of the face

305
00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:10,640
ูˆุจูŠุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ hypoglossal nucleus ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€

306
00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:15,880
hypoglossal nerve only from up this side ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„

307
00:28:15,880 --> 00:28:19,740
ventral nucleus ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ facial nerve ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„

308
00:28:19,740 --> 00:28:24,810
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ูˆุงู„ู€ hypoglossal nucleus ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ

309
00:28:24,810 --> 00:28:31,030
ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุณ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ left lateral

310
00:28:31,030 --> 00:28:34,490
corticonuclear ุชุงุฎุฏุด ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ both cerebral ุงู„ู„ูŠ

311
00:28:34,490 --> 00:28:37,970
ู…ุตูŠุฑุŒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ one sideุŒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ one

312
00:28:37,970 --> 00:28:38,610
side

313
00:28:42,830 --> 00:28:46,430
ู‡ูŠูˆ ุงู„ pyramidal tract ุงู„ุขู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู„ูƒู… ุงู„

314
00:28:46,430 --> 00:28:53,150
pyramidal tract is a bundle of motoneur fibers it

315
00:28:53,150 --> 00:28:57,370
begins in the cerebral cortex ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„

316
00:28:57,370 --> 00:29:01,190
cerebral cortex ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุณู…ูˆู‡ corticospinal

317
00:29:01,190 --> 00:29:05,130
corticobulbar ุงูˆ corticonuclear ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ

318
00:29:05,130 --> 00:29:09,810
ู…ู† ุงู„ cortex ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ cortex ูˆุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠIt

319
00:29:09,810 --> 00:29:19,370
ends in anterior horn cells of spinal cord ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ

320
00:29:19,370 --> 00:29:22,730
ุณุจุงูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุฑูƒุช

321
00:29:25,430 --> 00:29:30,690
ูˆุฎู„ุต ููŠ ุงู„ motor nuclei of the cranial nerves in

322
00:29:30,690 --> 00:29:35,670
the brainstem ุงุณู…ู‡ corticonuclear ุงูˆ corticobulbar

323
00:29:35,670 --> 00:29:40,670
retract ูŠุจู‚ู‰ cortico ุงูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ retract ู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ูƒ

324
00:29:40,670 --> 00:29:46,120
ุงุณู…ูŠู†Corticospinal tract and Corticonuclear tract

325
00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:51,340
Corticospinal tract ุจู†ู‚ุณู… ู…ู† ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุญุณุจ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰

326
00:29:51,340 --> 00:29:55,360
lateral corticospinal tract ุจู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ lateral

327
00:29:55,360 --> 00:29:59,500
column of spinal cord and ventral ุงูˆ anterior

328
00:29:59,500 --> 00:30:04,160
corticospinal tract ุจู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ ventral column of

329
00:30:04,160 --> 00:30:09,040
spinal cord ุงู…ุง corticonuclear tract ุฑุงุญ ู†ู…ุฑ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ

330
00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:16,020
ู„ู„ุจุฑุงูŠู† ุงุณุชู…ุฑูˆุง ูˆูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ู„ lateral and medial

331
00:30:16,020 --> 00:30:22,620
corticonuclear tract ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ upper

332
00:30:22,620 --> 00:30:28,020
motoneuron ุณู…ุนุช ููŠู‡ ุงู„ upper motoneuron system ุงู„

333
00:30:28,020 --> 00:30:31,700
upper motoneuron system ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰

334
00:30:31,700 --> 00:30:34,380
corticospinal tract ุงูˆ corticonuclear tract ูŠุนู†ูŠ

335
00:30:34,380 --> 00:30:39,000
ุงู„ corticospinal tractูˆ corticonuclear tract ุฅุฐุง

336
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:42,480
ุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ upper motor neuron lesion

337
00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:47,400
ูŠุนู†ูŠ damage of corticospinal tract or

338
00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:52,940
corticonuclear tract leads to upper motor neuron

339
00:30:52,940 --> 00:30:56,980
lesion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ damage ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ู…ุฑุถ

340
00:30:56,980 --> 00:31:00,260
ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ corticospinal tract ุฃูˆ corticonuclear

341
00:31:00,260 --> 00:31:07,530
tract ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ upper motor neuron lesionูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ

342
00:31:07,530 --> 00:31:11,030
ูŠุนุชุจุฑ super spinal lesion ุงูˆ ุงุฐุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

343
00:31:11,030 --> 00:31:15,050
corticonuclear tract super nuclear lesion ุงูŠุด ุงู„

344
00:31:15,050 --> 00:31:18,030
function ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุจุฑ ู…ูˆุชูˆ ู†ูŠุฑูˆู† ุงู† ูƒุงู†

345
00:31:18,030 --> 00:31:23,070
corticospinal ุงูˆ corticonuclear ุงูˆู„ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ

346
00:31:23,070 --> 00:31:27,170
initiation and control of voluntary motor activity

347
00:31:27,170 --> 00:31:36,820
ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ damage

348
00:31:36,820 --> 00:31:41,540
of corticospinal tract ุงูˆ corticonuclear tract

349
00:31:41,540 --> 00:31:45,760
ุจูŠุญุฏุซ paralysis ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุงูŠุดุŸ paralysis ุงูˆ ุดู„ู„

350
00:31:47,650 --> 00:31:51,590
Inhibition of muscle tone Inhibition of muscle

351
00:31:51,590 --> 00:31:55,030
tone ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ Inhibition ู„ู„ muscle tone ููŠ

352
00:31:55,030 --> 00:31:58,770
ุญุงู„ ุญุฏุซ damage ู„ู„ other motor neuron ุฑุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

353
00:31:58,770 --> 00:32:03,990
muscle hypertonia muscle hypertonia ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„

354
00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:07,710
Inhibition ู„ู„ deep reflex ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ูุญุต

355
00:32:07,710 --> 00:32:11,930
reflex ู„ู…ุฑูŠุฏ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุดุฏ ุนูŠุฏูƒ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ู„ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู†

356
00:32:11,930 --> 00:32:14,150
ุฃู„ู… ุงู„ cortex ุงู„ cortex ูŠุนู…ู„ Inhibition ู„ู„ reflex

357
00:32:14,150 --> 00:32:18,630
ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุฏุซุฃุจุฑู…ูˆุชูˆู†ูŠุฑูˆู† ู„ูŠุฌูŠู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠุชุญูˆู„

358
00:32:18,630 --> 00:32:22,510
ู„hyperreflexiaุŒ hyperreflexiaุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ

359
00:32:22,510 --> 00:32:26,550
ุงู„ุฃุจุฑู…ูˆุชูˆู†ูŠุฑูˆู† initiation and control of voluntary

360
00:32:26,550 --> 00:32:30,210
motor activity ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ inhibition of

361
00:32:30,210 --> 00:32:35,430
muscle toneุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ inhibition of deep reflexes

362
00:32:36,940 --> 00:32:42,420
ู…ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ path way of the upper motor neurons

363
00:32:42,420 --> 00:32:46,460
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ corticospinal tract ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ

364
00:32:46,460 --> 00:32:50,340
ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุจูŠุช ุงู„ cells ู…ู† ุงู„ area ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ู† ุงู„

365
00:32:50,340 --> 00:32:53,720
upper two third of pre central gas ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„

366
00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:57,400
upper two thirdุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ corticonuclear tract ู…ุชุฌู‡

367
00:32:57,400 --> 00:33:02,640
ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ face ุฑุญ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ lower one third ุจุนุฏูƒ ุงู„

368
00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:07,850
fibers descent ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ corona radiataุจู…ุฑู‡ ููŠ

369
00:33:07,850 --> 00:33:13,190
ุงู„ู€ posterior limb of internal capsule ุจุนุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„

370
00:33:13,190 --> 00:33:19,550
midbrain, palms, medulla oblongataุŒ ููŠ lower part

371
00:33:19,550 --> 00:33:25,270
of medulla oblongataุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ decassation ุงูˆ

372
00:33:25,270 --> 00:33:28,390
crossing ุงู„ู€ Corticospiral tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†

373
00:33:28,390 --> 00:33:32,210
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุชุฌู‡ ู„ู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุฌู‡

374
00:33:32,210 --> 00:33:35,670
ู„ู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุนู„ุดุงู† ุฃุณุฃู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†

375
00:33:35,670 --> 00:33:39,230
ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ hemoglobin ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ opposite side ู„ูˆ

376
00:33:39,230 --> 00:33:42,330
ุญุฏุซ ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ hemoglobin ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ

377
00:33:42,330 --> 00:33:46,870
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ right side ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุฑุงู…ุฏุงู„

378
00:33:46,870 --> 00:33:50,390
decassation ู†ุญุงูˆู„

379
00:33:51,260 --> 00:34:05,480
ู‡ุฑุณู…ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ุง

380
00:34:05,480 --> 00:34:09,140
ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุน ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ descending tract

381
00:34:09,140 --> 00:34:12,320
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ tract ุฑุงุญ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ cortex ูˆ ุฃู†ุฒู„

382
00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:12,880
ู„ู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ

383
00:34:31,900 --> 00:34:39,060
ู‡ู†ุง area precentral

384
00:34:39,060 --> 00:34:44,400
gyrus

385
00:34:44,400 --> 00:34:51,640
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ area ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง

386
00:34:56,400 --> 00:35:10,060
Internal Capsule ุจุนุฏูŠู†

387
00:35:10,060 --> 00:35:10,660
ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

388
00:35:25,740 --> 00:35:30,240
mid brain bones

389
00:35:30,240 --> 00:35:33,260
ู…ุฏู„ุฉ

390
00:35:33,260 --> 00:35:53,840
ุฃุจู„ุบุชู‡ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ two segments of spinal cord ูˆ

391
00:35:53,840 --> 00:35:54,300
ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ

392
00:35:58,240 --> 00:36:03,920
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ

393
00:36:03,920 --> 00:36:07,380
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ

394
00:36:07,380 --> 00:36:12,380
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ

395
00:36:12,380 --> 00:36:16,900
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ

396
00:36:16,900 --> 00:36:16,920
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ

397
00:36:16,920 --> 00:36:21,920
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตุฑ

398
00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:27,540
ู…ุตุฑ ู…ุตู‡ุฐุง segment of spinal cord ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„

399
00:36:27,540 --> 00:36:33,520
ู†ุงุฎุฏ c5 segment ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„3 segment

400
00:36:57,050 --> 00:37:05,330
ุงู„ู€ Corticospinal tract ุฑุงุญ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

401
00:37:05,330 --> 00:37:11,950
pre-central area ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ upper ูˆ ุงู„ middle

402
00:37:11,950 --> 00:37:20,710
one third ุฑุงุญ ุงู„ fibers ุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ posterior limb

403
00:37:20,710 --> 00:37:30,910
of internal capsulemedibrain bones medulla

404
00:37:30,910 --> 00:37:40,650
oblongata ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ cortico spinal

405
00:37:40,650 --> 00:37:52,310
tract ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ู†ุง internal capsule ู‡ุฐุง left internal

406
00:37:52,310 --> 00:38:04,370
capsulelift internal capsule lift

407
00:38:04,370 --> 00:38:08,250
internal

408
00:38:08,250 --> 00:38:12,650
capsule

409
00:38:12,650 --> 00:38:20,850
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ lower part of medulla oblongata ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

410
00:38:20,850 --> 00:38:26,410
ู‡ูˆCorticospinal tract ุจูŠุนู…ู„ incomplete decassation

411
00:38:26,410 --> 00:38:30,870
ุงูˆ crossing ุจูŠุนู…ู„ incomplete decassation ุงู„ main

412
00:38:30,870 --> 00:38:33,890
fibers ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ

413
00:38:33,890 --> 00:38:39,610
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง crossing ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ opposite side ุงู„ู†ุฑุณุงู†ุช ู…ูŠู†

414
00:38:39,610 --> 00:38:45,570
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ left? Corticospinal tract ูˆ ุจูŠุชุฌู‡ ู„ ุงู„ right

415
00:38:45,570 --> 00:38:55,090
side ูˆ ุจูŠููˆุช ู„ ููŠ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠlateral column ููŠ ุงู„

416
00:38:55,090 --> 00:39:03,670
lateral column of spinal cord ูˆุจุฏุฃ

417
00:39:03,670 --> 00:39:11,170
ู†ู†ุฒู„ ู…ุซู„ ุฎุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠุŸ ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ at

418
00:39:11,170 --> 00:39:17,370
the level of

419
00:39:19,260 --> 00:39:29,060
S2 ุณุงูƒุฑุงู„ ุชูˆ ุณุจุงูŠู†ุงู„ ูƒูˆุฑุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

420
00:39:29,060 --> 00:39:33,640
ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ level ุณุงูƒุฑุงู„ ุชูˆ S2 segment of spinal

421
00:39:33,640 --> 00:39:37,900
cord ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดุจู‡ ุฎุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌ

422
00:39:37,900 --> 00:39:44,160
ู†ุงุฒู„ ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุทุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุณู„ูƒ ุฎุท ู‡ุฐุง

423
00:39:44,160 --> 00:39:52,070
ุงูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ lift ุชุชุญูˆู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง right ููŠ ุงู„ spoiler

424
00:39:52,070 --> 00:39:57,730
code ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ right cortico

425
00:39:57,730 --> 00:40:09,550
ุงูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุตุญ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡

426
00:40:09,550 --> 00:40:14,450
ุตุญ right lateral

427
00:40:16,840 --> 00:40:21,320
Corticospinal tract Right Lateral Corticospinal

428
00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:25,860
tract ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุงู„ู€ Anterior Horn

429
00:40:25,860 --> 00:40:32,360
Cells ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ Fibers ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ Fibers ุนู„ู‰

430
00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:36,340
ูƒู„ segment ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ segment ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ุฏู…ุฌ ู„ู„

431
00:40:36,340 --> 00:40:39,960
Corticospinal tract ููŠ ุงู„ brain ุฃูˆ Spinal cord ู‡ุฐุง

432
00:40:39,960 --> 00:40:44,040
ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ Upper Motoneurone lesion Upper

433
00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:51,860
Motoneurone lesion2 ุงู„ุฌุฒุก

434
00:40:51,860 --> 00:40:57,560
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุนู…ุด costing ู‡ุฐุง

435
00:40:57,560 --> 00:41:05,640
ุจู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ anterior horn cells ุจู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ anterior

436
00:41:05,640 --> 00:41:11,100
column of spinal cord ูˆ ุจูƒู…ู„ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ูˆูŠู† ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ

437
00:41:19,510 --> 00:41:23,630
ends at lower

438
00:41:23,630 --> 00:41:30,590
thoracic level ููŠ

439
00:41:30,590 --> 00:41:34,010
ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ middle thoracic level ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠู†

440
00:41:34,010 --> 00:41:40,530
ุตุญ middle ุงูˆ lower thoracic ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ู„ุง

441
00:41:40,530 --> 00:41:48,250
ุงูŠุด ู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตู„ ุงู„ number

442
00:41:51,940 --> 00:42:11,700
ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุตุญ ูˆูŠู†

443
00:42:11,700 --> 00:42:14,980
ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ end at

444
00:42:21,190 --> 00:42:26,490
the lower thoracic

445
00:42:26,490 --> 00:42:33,110
level ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ventral

446
00:42:37,550 --> 00:42:42,630
ูˆุงุถูŠูุชู‡ ุงูŠุด ูŠุง ุบุฏู‰ุŸ ูˆุงุถูŠูุชู‡ ู„ุบุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ chest

447
00:42:42,630 --> 00:42:46,790
muscle ุงูˆ thoracic muscle ุงูˆ respiratory muscle

448
00:42:46,790 --> 00:42:49,570
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ anterior horn cells ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ

449
00:42:49,570 --> 00:42:52,290
ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ anterior horn cells ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ

450
00:42:52,290 --> 00:42:56,990
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ both anterior horn cells for

451
00:42:56,990 --> 00:43:03,820
respiratory muscleุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงูŠุด Corticospinal

452
00:43:03,820 --> 00:43:09,240
tract ู‡ุงู† ู…ุฑุณูˆู…ูŠู† ููŠ slide ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุงู†

453
00:43:09,240 --> 00:43:14,400
ุนู†ุฏูŠ pyramidal decassation ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ pyramids ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„

454
00:43:14,400 --> 00:43:18,040
decassation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ููŠ

455
00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:20,580
ุงู„ left cerebral hemisphere ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ hemiplegia

456
00:43:20,580 --> 00:43:23,800
ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ right ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord

457
00:43:23,800 --> 00:43:28,300
ู„ุฃุฎู„ุต ุงู„ crossing ุตุงุฑ ุฏู…ุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cordุŒ ุนู„ู‰

458
00:43:28,300 --> 00:43:31,500
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ motorุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„

459
00:43:31,500 --> 00:43:34,840
crossing ุฎู„ุต ูˆูŠู† ุจุชุชู… ุงู„ crossingุŸ ุจุชุชู… ุงู„

460
00:43:34,840 --> 00:43:41,440
crossing ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lower part

461
00:43:41,440 --> 00:43:50,030
of medulla oblongataุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ 80% ู„

462
00:43:50,030 --> 00:43:57,710
85% ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุจูŠุฑุฒ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู€ crossings ูˆูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰

463
00:43:57,710 --> 00:44:02,660
ุงู„ู€ opposite side ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lateral columnูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ

464
00:44:02,660 --> 00:44:05,840
ุจูŠุธู„ูˆุง .. ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ indirect ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…

465
00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:09,200
indirectุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุนู…ู„ูˆุง crossing ูˆ ุงุชุฌู‡ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

466
00:44:09,200 --> 00:44:13,500
opposite side ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… crossed corticospinal tract

467
00:44:13,500 --> 00:44:18,300
ูˆุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฎู„ุตูˆุง ูƒู„ fibers ุงูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุณู‰ ุงู„ segment

468
00:44:18,300 --> 00:44:22,780
ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง fibers ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ anterior horn cells ูƒู„ ู…ุง

469
00:44:22,780 --> 00:44:25,800
ู†ุณู‰ ุงู„ segment ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง fibers ู„ู„ anterior horn

470
00:44:25,800 --> 00:44:30,620
cells ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ 15 ู„ 20% ู…ู† ุงู„ fibers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงู„ู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุฑ

471
00:44:31,510 --> 00:44:36,350
ูˆู…ุงุนู…ู„ูˆุด crossing ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… direct anterior ุงูˆ

472
00:44:36,350 --> 00:44:40,430
ventral corticospinal tract ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง fibers ู„ู„

473
00:44:40,430 --> 00:44:44,430
anterior home cells ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ segment ุจุณ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„

474
00:44:44,430 --> 00:44:49,790
both cerebral hemisphere ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูˆุงุŸ ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูˆุง ููŠ

475
00:44:49,790 --> 00:44:53,450
ุงู„ mid thoracic ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„

476
00:44:53,450 --> 00:44:56,290
lower thoracic ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ู… mid thoracic ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง

477
00:44:56,290 --> 00:44:59,490
ุชุชุฎุฑุจุทูˆุด ู†ุนุชู…ุฏู‡ู… mid thoracic ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง

478
00:44:59,490 --> 00:45:06,100
lower thoracicmade thoracic ู†ุนุชู…ุฏู‡ู… ู„ู„ูƒู„ level

479
00:45:06,100 --> 00:45:11,540
ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจูƒุชูุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก

480
00:45:11,540 --> 00:45:17,800
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน

481
00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:19,500
ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ