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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
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ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุงุณุชูƒู…ู„ู†ุง
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ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ู€ bio mechanics two ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
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ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุญุทุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ bio mechanics of joints
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ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ joints ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ stability
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ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ joints ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ flexibility ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชุนุฑู
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
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ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ joint ุงู„ู€ joint ู‡ูˆ
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ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ site of motion between ุงู„ู€ articulating
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bone ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ูู‡ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ joint ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ ู‡ูˆ
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ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท two bones ุฃูˆ two bone
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ends ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ bone ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุด ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒูŠู† ู…ุน
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ุจุนุถ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
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ู…ุฑุจุทุงู‡ู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ connective tissue structure
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ integrity of the
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junction ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ movement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
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00:01:11,780 --> 00:01:14,460
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ joint ุงู„ู€ joint ู„ุงุฒู…
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู…ุชู‘ุน ุจุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ mobility ูˆ ุงู„ู€
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stability ุทุจุนุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุชุญุฏูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ูุตู„
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00:01:21,980 --> 00:01:27,180
ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฏูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ mobility ูˆ
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00:01:27,180 --> 00:01:30,240
ุงู„ู€ stability ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ mobility
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ูˆ ุงู„ู€ stabilityุŸ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง
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00:01:34,400 --> 00:01:38,140
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุนูƒุณูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ mobility ูˆ ุงู„ู€
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stability ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู€ mobility ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ู€
25
00:01:41,740 --> 00:01:45,680
stability ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ูˆู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง
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00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:52,530
ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
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ุงู„ู€ mobility ูˆ ุงู„ู€ stability ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ู…ูุตู„ ู„ู…ูุตู„
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ู‡ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆ
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stability ููŠู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ mobility
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00:02:03,210 --> 00:02:10,730
ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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00:02:10,730 --> 00:02:14,680
skull ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ joints ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ skull
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ู‡ูŠ ุฅู†ู‘ ุฎู„ู‚ ุฑุจู†ุง ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ุช .. ุชูƒูˆู†
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ุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ู„ู†ู…ูˆ .. ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ุด
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00:02:24,460 --> 00:02:28,520
ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุจุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
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ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูุงู†ุชุฑูƒุช ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
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00:02:31,580 --> 00:02:35,420
ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุณู…ุญ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ
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00:02:35,420 --> 00:02:39,920
ุฃุณุงุณุง ูุชุญุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุถุบุท ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ
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00:02:39,920 --> 00:02:44,860
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ growing ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ age ุจุชุช .. ุจุชุชุณูƒุฑ ูˆ
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00:02:44,860 --> 00:02:51,910
ุจุชุตุจุญ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุดุจู‡ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
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00:02:51,910 --> 00:02:57,330
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ shoulder ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ hip joint ูู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง mobility
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00:02:57,330 --> 00:03:01,910
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณู…ุญ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ range
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of motion ูˆ wide range of motion ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุณู‡
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00:03:05,910 --> 00:03:10,650
stable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ glenohumeral joint of
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00:03:10,650 --> 00:03:14,880
the shoulder ูู‡ูˆุงูƒุซุฑ ุฌูˆูŠู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ mobile
45
00:03:14,880 --> 00:03:19,100
ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงูƒุซุฑ ุฌูˆูŠู†ุช ู„ุณู‡ stableุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชู…ุชุน
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00:03:19,100 --> 00:03:24,260
ุจู€ mobility ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ stability ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃู‚ู„
47
00:03:24,260 --> 00:03:27,800
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰
48
00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:32,840
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ stability ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ mobility ุงู„ู€ most
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00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:37,560
movable joint must demonstrate combination between
50
00:03:37,560 --> 00:03:41,630
stability and mobility ุนุดุงู† ุงู† ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง stable
51
00:03:41,630 --> 00:03:46,450
movement ุงู„ู€ stable movement ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
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00:03:46,450 --> 00:03:52,190
function ุทูŠุจ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุงุญู…ู„ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡
53
00:03:52,190 --> 00:03:56,390
ุจุฅูŠุฏูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซุจุงุช ููŠ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ูƒุชู ู…ุซู„ุงู‹
54
00:03:56,390 --> 00:03:59,530
ุนุดุงู† ุขูƒู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซุจุงุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู€
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00:03:59,530 --> 00:04:03,510
upper limb ุนุดุงู† ุฃู…ุดูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
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00:04:03,510 --> 00:04:07,740
motion ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู† ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
57
00:04:07,740 --> 00:04:11,140
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† functional ูˆ ุงู„ู€ function ุจุฏู‡ุง stability
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00:04:11,140 --> 00:04:14,660
ู„ุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู…ุณูƒ ูƒูˆุจุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ูˆุฃุดุฑุจ ูˆุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆู‚ุน
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00:04:14,660 --> 00:04:17,760
ู…ู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆู‚ุน ุณุฎู†ุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุฑู‚ู†ูŠ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง
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00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:21,820
ู„ุงุฒู… ู…ูุตู„ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃุชู…ูƒู†ู‘ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃู…ุณูƒ
61
00:04:21,820 --> 00:04:26,080
ูƒูˆุจุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ุฃุชู†ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฃูˆุตู„ู‡ุง ู„ ูู…ูŠ
62
00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:30,540
ูˆุฃุดุฑุจู‡ุง ูˆุฃุฑุฌุนู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ mobility
63
00:04:30,540 --> 00:04:34,580
ูˆู„ุงู‘ุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ุงู† as well stability ุทุจุนุง ุดูƒู„ the
64
00:04:34,580 --> 00:04:37,660
structure of the joint must be able to support a
65
00:04:37,660 --> 00:04:41,860
wide range of function from extreme stability
66
00:04:41,860 --> 00:04:46,790
ู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰ mobility ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
67
00:04:46,790 --> 00:04:51,070
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ suture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ skull ู„ุงุฒู…
68
00:04:51,070 --> 00:04:55,510
ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง stability ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฎุจุท ุฎุจุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ุชุนุฑุถ
69
00:04:55,510 --> 00:04:59,710
ู„ุฃูŠ trauma ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ
70
00:04:59,710 --> 00:05:02,950
ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ brain ุงู„ู€ brain ู‡ูˆ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€
71
00:05:02,950 --> 00:05:07,110
monitor ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุณู„ ูƒู„
72
00:05:07,110 --> 00:05:12,920
ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู€ central nervous system
73
00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:17,140
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุทุจุนุง ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุฃูˆุงู…ุฑู‡ ูˆุจูŠุชู„ู‚ู‰
74
00:05:17,140 --> 00:05:23,560
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ู‡ู„ู‘ุฃ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€
75
00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:28,740
structure ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ stability and mobility ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
76
00:05:28,740 --> 00:05:32,860
architecture ุทุจุนุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡
77
00:05:32,860 --> 00:05:37,240
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ูƒู… plan of movement could this
78
00:05:37,620 --> 00:05:43,500
joint play or work or do a function ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
79
00:05:43,500 --> 00:05:49,200
anatomists ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠุญ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง
80
00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:57,260
ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… based on the motion ุฒูŠ ุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ุงู„ู€
81
00:05:57,260 --> 00:06:00,420
immovable ูˆ ุงู„ู€ slightly movable ูˆ ุงู„ู€ freely
82
00:06:00,420 --> 00:06:05,330
movable ุทุจ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ immovable ูˆุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ู… syn
83
00:06:05,330 --> 00:06:09,430
arthrosis joints ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ fibrous joints permit
84
00:06:09,430 --> 00:06:13,290
little or no movement of the articulation ู…ู†
85
00:06:13,290 --> 00:06:17,050
ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ suture joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
86
00:06:17,050 --> 00:06:21,190
ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู€ skull ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
87
00:06:21,190 --> 00:06:25,950
ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ brain inside and this joint articulating
88
00:06:25,950 --> 00:06:33,080
bone sheets met closely and are tightly connected
89
00:06:33,080 --> 00:06:38,020
by fibers that are continuous with the periosteum
90
00:06:38,020 --> 00:06:44,780
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฎูŠูˆุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ fibers ู…ุดุจูˆูƒุฉ ู…ุน
91
00:06:44,780 --> 00:06:48,740
ุงู„ู€ periosteum ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ sutures
92
00:06:48,740 --> 00:06:53,840
ุฃูˆ ุบุฑุฒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญู†ุง
93
00:06:53,840 --> 00:06:58,670
ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงูƒูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฏุฑุฒุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€
94
00:06:58,670 --> 00:07:04,230
bone ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุชู„ุชุฆู… ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ossified ููŠ ุงู„ู€ adulthood
95
00:07:04,230 --> 00:07:09,250
ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ossification ุจุทู„ ููŠู‡ ูุชุญุงุช ุฃูˆ ููˆุงุฑู‚ and
96
00:07:09,250 --> 00:07:13,270
eventually replaced by completely by bone ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง
97
00:07:13,270 --> 00:07:17,570
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ูˆู„ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ baby ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุงุฏูŠ
98
00:07:17,570 --> 00:07:21,650
ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุน ูุชุญุงุช
99
00:07:21,650 --> 00:07:25,370
ุงู„ู€ fontanels ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูˆ
100
00:07:25,370 --> 00:07:29,150
ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ูุฎ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุณู‘ู‡ ุจู†ุญุณ ูƒุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ููŠู‡
101
00:07:29,150 --> 00:07:33,910
membrane ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ frontal part of the skull
102
00:07:33,910 --> 00:07:39,500
ูˆุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู€ skull ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ
103
00:07:39,500 --> 00:07:44,480
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ syndesmosis joint ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
104
00:07:44,480 --> 00:07:49,500
dense fiber tissue ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจุท two bones
105
00:07:49,500 --> 00:07:53,700
together ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ movement ูƒุซูŠุฑ limited ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
106
00:07:53,700 --> 00:07:57,100
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
107
00:07:57,100 --> 00:08:02,040
ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ู…ุซู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ coracoacromial
108
00:08:02,040 --> 00:08:04,980
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ coracoid process ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠูˆู†
109
00:08:04,980 --> 00:08:09,480
process ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ุชุตูŠุฑุด ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุฒูˆุงุฌุงู† ู„ู€ movement ุฃุซู†ุงุก
110
00:08:09,480 --> 00:08:13,940
ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู€ shoulder ูˆ ุงู„ู€ radio ulnar ุงู„ู€ mid radio
111
00:08:13,940 --> 00:08:17,640
ulnar joints ูƒู…ุงู† joint ูˆ ุงู„ู€ mid tibiofibular
112
00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:20,840
joint ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ู€ inferior
113
00:08:20,840 --> 00:08:25,100
tibiofibular joints ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ
114
00:08:25,100 --> 00:08:30,730
ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฑุจุท ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุงู„ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
115
00:08:30,730 --> 00:08:34,030
ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ fibula ู„ูˆ ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุจุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง
116
00:08:34,030 --> 00:08:37,430
ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ูƒูŠุฑูŠุฏูŠุง ูˆู„ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ fibula ู‡ู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู€
117
00:08:37,430 --> 00:08:41,970
supination ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pronation ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฑุงุจุท
118
00:08:41,970 --> 00:08:47,050
ุญุชู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุชูŠู† ู…ุง ูŠู†ููƒูˆุง ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ slightly
119
00:08:47,050 --> 00:08:51,590
movable joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ amphiarthrosis joint
120
00:08:51,590 --> 00:08:55,970
ู‡ุฐูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cartilaginous joints permit more motion ุฃูˆ more
121
00:08:55,970 --> 00:09:00,850
motion of the adjacent bone ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู† ุฃุฑุถูŠุงู„
122
00:09:00,850 --> 00:09:06,130
joints ุทุจุนุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ synchondrosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
123
00:09:06,710 --> 00:09:12,510
ุงู„ู€ sternocostal joints ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ epiphyseal plate
124
00:09:12,510 --> 00:09:17,050
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุญุชู‰ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
125
00:09:17,050 --> 00:09:22,910
ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ู„ุจูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงุจุชุฏูƒ
126
00:09:22,910 --> 00:09:27,530
ูุชุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุทูˆู„ ูˆุชูˆุงูƒุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
127
00:09:27,530 --> 00:09:31,890
ู‡ูˆ ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† thin
128
00:09:31,890 --> 00:09:35,170
layer of hyaline cartilage
129
00:09:38,830 --> 00:09:43,710
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€Symphysis ูู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€Pubic Symphysis
130
00:09:43,710 --> 00:09:49,590
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท two pubic bones of the pelvic bone ููŠ
131
00:09:49,590 --> 00:09:52,890
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€Symphysis ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุซู†ุจู„ุงุช ุฃูˆููŠุงู„ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุฏุณูƒ
132
00:09:52,890 --> 00:09:57,310
ูƒุฏู‡ ุนุงู…ู„ separated a disc of fibro cartilage from the
133
00:09:57,310 --> 00:10:01,930
bone ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุชูŠู† ูˆููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ
134
00:10:01,930 --> 00:10:08,590
disk ูƒุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฑุต ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
135
00:10:08,590 --> 00:10:13,110
ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู…ุชูŠู† ูˆุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูŠูุตู„
136
00:10:13,110 --> 00:10:18,850
ุนุถู…ุชูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„
137
00:10:18,850 --> 00:10:22,150
disc ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ intervertebral disc ูˆุฒูŠ
138
00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:27,590
ุงู„Pubic symphysis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„
139
00:10:28,520 --> 00:10:33,080
ุงู„ freely movable joints ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Diarthrosis or
140
00:10:33,080 --> 00:10:38,580
Synovial joints ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุนุธู… ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฌุณู…
141
00:10:38,580 --> 00:10:42,420
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณู…ุญ ุจุงู„
142
00:10:42,420 --> 00:10:46,180
functional movementุŒ ุงู„ locomotionุŒ ุงู„ .. ูƒู„
143
00:10:46,180 --> 00:10:48,320
ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ daily activity
144
00:10:48,320 --> 00:10:52,520
ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ joints
145
00:10:52,880 --> 00:10:57,400
ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏ ูŠุชู… ุชุบุทูŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ Articular
146
00:10:57,400 --> 00:11:01,980
Cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงู„ูŠู† ูƒุงุฑุชูŠู„ุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูƒู…ุงู†
147
00:11:01,980 --> 00:11:06,420
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Synovial Membrane
148
00:11:06,420 --> 00:11:10,600
ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Synovial Fluid inside ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Synovial
149
00:11:10,600 --> 00:11:13,740
Membrane ุฃูˆ Lining ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ lubrication
150
00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:19,510
ุงู„ุณูŠู†ูˆููŠุงู„ ุงู„ูู„ูˆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Knee ุฒูŠ
151
00:11:19,510 --> 00:11:22,850
ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง capsule ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
152
00:11:22,850 --> 00:11:25,910
Synovial membrane ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Synovial cavity ูˆ
153
00:11:25,910 --> 00:11:29,090
ุงู„ Synovial cavity ุจุชูƒูˆู† full of Synovial fluid
154
00:11:29,090 --> 00:11:31,670
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง cartilage ุทุจู‚ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„
155
00:11:31,670 --> 00:11:35,680
cartilage ุทุจู‚ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilageุŒ ุงู„
156
00:11:35,680 --> 00:11:41,940
cartilage ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุน
157
00:11:41,940 --> 00:11:44,000
ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ two bones
158
00:11:48,650 --> 00:11:52,450
ุทุจุนุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง many types of synovial joints ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
159
00:11:52,450 --> 00:11:55,390
ุงู„ gliding joints ููŠ in these joints the
160
00:11:55,390 --> 00:12:00,350
articulating bone surface are nearly flat ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
161
00:12:00,350 --> 00:12:04,510
gliding ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ
162
00:12:04,510 --> 00:12:09,850
ูู‚ุท ูˆู‡ูŠ non-axial gliding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุง
163
00:12:09,850 --> 00:12:13,030
examples include intermetatarsal ูˆุงู„
164
00:12:13,030 --> 00:12:17,800
intermetacarpal ูˆุงู„ intertarsal joints ูˆุงู„ู€ facet
165
00:12:17,800 --> 00:12:21,380
joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ vertebral ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
166
00:12:21,380 --> 00:12:28,440
gliding joints ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ hinge joint ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ
167
00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:32,600
mobility ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two surfaces
168
00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:38,460
ู…ู†ู‡ุง convex ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง concave surface ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†
169
00:12:38,460 --> 00:12:44,060
two ends of the bone ู…ุฑุจุทูŠู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ strong ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุฑู‰
170
00:12:44,060 --> 00:12:48,030
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ Restriction ู„ู„
171
00:12:48,030 --> 00:12:52,590
movement ููŠ ุงู„ plane ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
172
00:12:52,590 --> 00:12:58,450
hinge-like motion ุงู„ example ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ ulnar humeral
173
00:12:58,450 --> 00:13:01,330
joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ elbow joint ูˆุงู„ interphalangeal
174
00:13:01,330 --> 00:13:06,830
joint ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ pivot joint ูู‡ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ rotation ุทุจุนุง
175
00:13:06,830 --> 00:13:09,510
ุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ joints ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
176
00:13:09,510 --> 00:13:14,710
ููŠู‡ุง limited ููŠ plane ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุชุณู…ุญ
177
00:13:14,710 --> 00:13:18,230
ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ hinge joint ุจุณู…ุญ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ููŠ one
178
00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:22,290
plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ sagittal plane ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ pivot joint
179
00:13:22,290 --> 00:13:26,490
ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุจุณู…ุญู„ู‡ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ rotation ุงู„ rotation
180
00:13:26,490 --> 00:13:30,950
ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ horizontal plane ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
181
00:13:30,950 --> 00:13:34,810
rotation around an axis ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง
182
00:13:34,810 --> 00:13:38,810
ุงู„atlanto axial joint ูˆุงู„ proximal ูˆุงู„ distal
183
00:13:38,810 --> 00:13:42,490
radio ulnar joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ supination
184
00:13:42,490 --> 00:13:46,070
ูˆุงู„ pronation ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ atlanto axial ูู‡ูŠ movement
185
00:13:46,070 --> 00:13:50,530
of the neck in right and left rotation ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„
186
00:13:50,530 --> 00:13:54,450
hinge joint ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ ู„ู„
187
00:13:54,450 --> 00:13:58,790
elbow joint ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ pivot ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงู† around
188
00:13:58,790 --> 00:14:03,780
an axis ู‡ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ Sagittal Plane
189
00:14:03,780 --> 00:14:10,160
ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ Transverse Plane ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ Condyloid
190
00:14:10,160 --> 00:14:14,100
Joint ุงู„ Condyloid Joint ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง two
191
00:14:14,100 --> 00:14:18,360
oval convex and concave surface ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
192
00:14:18,360 --> 00:14:23,500
ู…ุซุจุชูŠู† ููˆู‚ ุจุนุถ Reciprocally ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
193
00:14:23,500 --> 00:14:27,880
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง one convex and one
194
00:14:27,880 --> 00:14:31,920
concave surface ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ flexion ูˆ
195
00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:34,800
extension ููŠ ุงู„ sagittal plane ูˆ abduction ูˆ
196
00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:38,700
adduction ููŠ ุงู„ frontal plane ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ
197
00:14:38,700 --> 00:14:44,560
ู…ู† ุงู„ circumduction ูƒู…ุงู† ุฎููŠูุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุด
198
00:14:44,560 --> 00:14:50,990
ูุชุฑุงุช plane ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ example ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ meta
199
00:14:50,990 --> 00:14:56,010
carpophalangeal joints ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู†
200
00:14:56,010 --> 00:15:00,490
ุงู„ index ู„ู„ fifth .. ุงู„ second ู„ู„ fifth joint
201
00:15:00,490 --> 00:15:04,590
ูˆุงู„ .. ูˆุงู„ radiocarpal joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
202
00:15:04,590 --> 00:15:07,210
ุงู„ wrist joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ flexion,
203
00:15:07,350 --> 00:15:12,980
extension, adduction ุฃูˆ radial ูˆ ulnar
204
00:15:12,980 --> 00:15:16,980
movement ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ radial deviation ูˆุงู„ ulnar
205
00:15:16,980 --> 00:15:22,220
deviation ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ saddle joint ูู‡ูˆ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุดุจู‡ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ
206
00:15:22,220 --> 00:15:25,660
ุงู„ุณุฑุฌ
207
00:15:25,660 --> 00:15:30,190
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุฑุฌ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ูƒูŠู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุงุฑุณ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฑุฌ
208
00:15:30,190 --> 00:15:35,890
ุงู„ุญุตุงู†ุŸ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุทุงุจู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุฒูŠ .. ุฒูŠ
209
00:15:35,890 --> 00:15:38,850
ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุงุฑุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
210
00:15:38,850 --> 00:15:42,550
ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุณุฑุฌ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ movement ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ
211
00:15:42,550 --> 00:15:45,690
ุงู„ condyloid joint ู„ูƒู† ุจุชุนุทูŠ greater movement ุฒูŠ ุงู„
212
00:15:45,690 --> 00:15:50,340
metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ ball
213
00:15:50,340 --> 00:15:56,680
and socket ูู‡ูˆ freely movable joints ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
214
00:15:56,680 --> 00:16:00,700
movement in three planes of movement ูˆุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
215
00:16:00,700 --> 00:16:04,880
ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง convex and concave shape
216
00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:10,500
ู„ูƒู† ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฑุงุจ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
217
00:16:10,500 --> 00:16:14,300
rotation ููŠ ุงู„ three planes ุฒูŠ ุงู„ hip and shoulder
218
00:16:14,300 --> 00:16:19,670
joint ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ synovial joints very ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง
219
00:16:19,670 --> 00:16:25,050
ููŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุดู‡ุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฌูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ
220
00:16:25,050 --> 00:16:30,530
ุณู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู†
221
00:16:30,530 --> 00:16:34,710
ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุญูˆุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญูˆุฑ
222
00:16:34,710 --> 00:16:39,190
ุงุซู†ุงู† ุฃูˆ ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูุงู„ู€ ู…ุญูˆุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณู…ู‰ uniaxial ูˆุงู„
223
00:16:39,190 --> 00:16:43,170
two axes ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ biaxial ูˆุงู„ู€ three axes ุจูŠุณู…ู‰
224
00:16:43,170 --> 00:16:51,510
triaxial ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุจุดูƒู„
225
00:16:51,510 --> 00:16:55,490
ุนุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Condyloid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ two axes ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
226
00:16:55,490 --> 00:16:58,770
ball and socket ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ three axes ุฅู† ุงู„ gliding
227
00:16:58,770 --> 00:17:03,270
joint ุงู„ movement non-axial movement ูู‚ุท ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
228
00:17:03,270 --> 00:17:06,970
gliding ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ pivot ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
229
00:17:06,970 --> 00:17:11,010
rotation ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุณุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ metacarpophalangeal
230
00:17:11,010 --> 00:17:16,970
joint of the thumb ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจ two planesุŒ
231
00:17:16,970 --> 00:17:19,690
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction ูˆูƒู…ุงู†
232
00:17:19,690 --> 00:17:21,670
ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ opposition
233
00:17:24,110 --> 00:17:28,070
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ few joints where only limited motion is
234
00:17:28,070 --> 00:17:32,530
permitted in any direction are termed non-axial ูˆ
235
00:17:32,530 --> 00:17:35,890
ุงู„ joint motion capability also sometimes
236
00:17:35,890 --> 00:17:39,470
described in terms of degree of freedom ูู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
237
00:17:39,470 --> 00:17:42,290
ุนู† movement in one plane ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง one degree of
238
00:17:42,290 --> 00:17:46,740
freedom ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ uniaxial ูˆู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ two planes
239
00:17:46,740 --> 00:17:51,080
ุจุชุณู…ู‰ biaxial ุจุชุณู…ู‰ two degrees of freedom ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ
240
00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:55,040
ุงู„ triaxial joint ุจุชุณู…ู‰ three degrees of freedom
241
00:17:55,040 --> 00:17:59,640
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ
242
00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:03,440
ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ุญุชู‰ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ synovial
243
00:18:03,440 --> 00:18:07,240
structure ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ associated with the
244
00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:11,550
diarthrodial joints ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ
245
00:18:11,550 --> 00:18:14,750
ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู†ุดูŠุช ุงูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู†ุดูŠุช ุชุนู…ู„
246
00:18:14,750 --> 00:18:19,650
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ facilitation ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู† ุฃูˆ
247
00:18:19,650 --> 00:18:22,710
ู„ู„ structure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
248
00:18:22,710 --> 00:18:29,390
ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† small capsules ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
249
00:18:29,390 --> 00:18:34,530
ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ within the synovial
250
00:18:34,530 --> 00:18:39,190
membrane ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง synovial fluid ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง
251
00:18:39,190 --> 00:18:42,990
ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุฎุฏุฉ separating the bone ุนู† ุงู„ bone ุฃูˆ ุงู„
252
00:18:42,990 --> 00:18:47,190
tendon ุนู† ุงู„ bone ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ู†ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ
253
00:18:47,190 --> 00:18:51,290
ุณุชูƒูˆู† from the structure ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡
254
00:18:51,290 --> 00:18:54,090
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง tendon ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง
255
00:18:54,090 --> 00:18:57,990
ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญุชูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุญุจู„
256
00:18:57,990 --> 00:19:05,070
ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุถู„ู†ุง ู†ุญุชูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู„ูˆุญ ุฎุดุจูŠ ู…ุงุฐุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ
257
00:19:05,070 --> 00:19:08,790
ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุณุชู†ู‚ุทุน ุฃู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู†ุญู† ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ูˆ
258
00:19:08,790 --> 00:19:12,970
ูƒู†ุง ู†ู…ุฑุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุชูƒ the most bursa
259
00:19:12,970 --> 00:19:16,870
separate the tendon from the bone reducing the friction of
260
00:19:16,870 --> 00:19:21,210
the tendon during joint motion ุทุจุนุงู‹ some bursa ู…ุซู„
261
00:19:21,210 --> 00:19:25,470
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠูƒุฑุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠูƒุฑุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู†
262
00:19:25,470 --> 00:19:30,130
ุงู„ุนุธู… ุชูุตู„ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ
263
00:19:30,130 --> 00:19:36,290
ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุฃู…ุง the tendon sheets ูู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
264
00:19:36,290 --> 00:19:40,870
ุบู„ุงู ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุถุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู†ุญู†
265
00:19:40,870 --> 00:19:44,530
ุญุชู‰ ู†ุญู…ูŠู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† double layer synovial structure
266
00:19:44,530 --> 00:19:48,100
that surrounds the tendon positioned in clothes
267
00:19:48,100 --> 00:19:51,560
associated with movementุŒ the tendon sheet ู‡ุฐุง sheet
268
00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:55,260
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ tendon ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰
269
00:19:55,260 --> 00:20:01,060
ุงู„ุนุธู… ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุŒ many of the long muscle tendons ุงู„ุชูŠ
270
00:20:01,060 --> 00:20:04,880
ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ wrist ูˆ ุงู„ finger ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู…ูŠุฉ ุจู€
271
00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:09,140
tendon sheets ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ู‡ู…
272
00:20:09,140 --> 00:20:11,780
related ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ joint
273
00:20:11,780 --> 00:20:16,080
stabilityุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ the stability of an articulation
274
00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:21,860
is its ability to resist dislocationุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
275
00:20:21,860 --> 00:20:25,620
ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† jointุŒ ุงู„ joint ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุŒ
276
00:20:25,620 --> 00:20:29,900
ู„ุง ูŠู†ูุตู„ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุฒุญ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุณูุฑุŒ ู„ุง dislocation
277
00:20:29,900 --> 00:20:33,900
ูˆู„ุง subluxationุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ
278
00:20:33,900 --> 00:20:37,580
ุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุจุญูŠุซ ู„ุง ูŠุณุจุจ ุฃู„ู…
279
00:20:37,580 --> 00:20:43,440
ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ especially it is the ability to
280
00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:46,740
resist the displacement of one bone end with
281
00:20:46,740 --> 00:20:51,860
respect to another ูˆูƒู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€
282
00:20:51,860 --> 00:20:52,320
ligament
283
00:21:00,060 --> 00:21:04,400
ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู€ shape of the articulating bone
284
00:21:04,400 --> 00:21:10,120
surface ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ mechanical joints ุงู„ุชูŠ
285
00:21:10,120 --> 00:21:14,960
articulating parts are in exact opposition in shape so
286
00:21:14,960 --> 00:21:18,480
that fit tightly together ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุชู†ุงุธุฑ
287
00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:23,290
ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ูˆุงู„ุณุทุญ ูƒูˆู†ูƒุงู ูˆู…ุชู„ุงุตู‚ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
288
00:21:23,290 --> 00:21:26,710
ู‡ู†ุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ hinge joint ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชุทุงุจู‚ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ
289
00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:30,130
ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ joint ูˆ ุงู„ ball and socket joint ู„ูƒู† ููŠ
290
00:21:30,130 --> 00:21:33,790
ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชุคุซุฑ ููŠ the human body the
291
00:21:33,790 --> 00:21:35,950
articulating end of the bone
292
00:21:44,540 --> 00:21:50,240
ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุณุทูˆุญ ู…ูุตู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ูˆู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ
293
00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:54,180
ูˆู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ
294
00:21:54,340 --> 00:21:59,000
ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ูƒุชูุŒ ุงู„ูƒุชูุŒ ู„ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„
295
00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:03,880
head of the humerus ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู…ุน ุงู„
296
00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:06,820
glenoid cavity ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ labrum
297
00:22:06,820 --> 00:22:10,680
acetabulareุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ congruence ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูุตู„
298
00:22:10,680 --> 00:22:14,260
and there is a typical one position of best fit in
299
00:22:14,260 --> 00:22:17,580
which the area of contact is maximum ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
300
00:22:17,580 --> 00:22:20,780
position ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ closed pack
301
00:22:20,780 --> 00:22:24,900
position ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ position ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
302
00:22:24,900 --> 00:22:28,360
ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง greatest stability ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ
303
00:22:28,360 --> 00:22:33,340
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ stability
304
00:22:33,340 --> 00:22:40,830
ูˆููŠ ุชู…ุงุณ ุฃูˆ ููŠ contact ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two ends of bone ุทุจุนุงู‹
305
00:22:40,830 --> 00:22:44,830
ุฃูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ closed pack
306
00:22:44,830 --> 00:22:48,990
ูู†ุณูŠู‡ ุงู„ lose pack position ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชูƒูˆู†
307
00:22:48,990 --> 00:23:01,150
ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ contact ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two bone ends ูˆุฃูŠ
308
00:23:01,150 --> 00:23:05,450
ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
309
00:23:05,450 --> 00:23:10,790
ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง
310
00:23:10,790 --> 00:23:15,930
ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ stable some articulating surfaces are
311
00:23:15,930 --> 00:23:20,970
shaped so that in both close and in pack position
312
00:23:21,380 --> 00:23:25,420
there is either a large or small amount of contact
313
00:23:25,420 --> 00:23:29,540
area and consequently more or less stability ุทุจุนุงู‹
314
00:23:29,540 --> 00:23:34,000
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู†ู‚ูˆู„
315
00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:37,880
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง relaxing position ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ ligaments
316
00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:41,800
ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฑุฎูˆุฉ ู„ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
317
00:23:41,800 --> 00:23:45,290
ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ acetabulum
318
00:23:45,290 --> 00:23:49,170
ูŠูˆูุฑ relatively deep socket for the head ุทุจุนุงู‹
319
00:23:49,170 --> 00:23:53,930
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ acetabulum ููŠ ุฌุฑุงุจ ูƒุงู…ู„ ูˆู…ุญุงุทุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„
320
00:23:53,930 --> 00:23:58,230
head of a femur ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจู€ acetabulum ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ููŠ
321
00:23:58,230 --> 00:24:02,350
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง large amount of contact ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„
322
00:24:02,740 --> 00:24:05,780
ุงู„ู€ hip joint is a stable joint ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ shoulder
323
00:24:05,780 --> 00:24:09,400
ู„ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง small glenoid fossa ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุงู„
324
00:24:09,400 --> 00:24:12,520
vertical diameter ู„ูˆ ู†ุญู† ู‚ุทุนู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
325
00:24:12,520 --> 00:24:15,500
approximately 75% of the vertical diameter ููŠ
326
00:24:15,500 --> 00:24:18,600
contact of the humeral head and horizontal
327
00:24:18,600 --> 00:24:23,080
diameter ุจุณ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 60% ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
328
00:24:23,080 --> 00:24:28,620
ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
329
00:24:28,620 --> 00:24:36,840
ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
330
00:24:36,860 --> 00:24:41,680
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†
331
00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:45,280
ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ูุตู„ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ูุตู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ
332
00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:50,240
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุชุทุงุจู‚ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฑุณ
333
00:24:50,240 --> 00:24:55,100
ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู†ูˆูŠุฏ ุจุณุจุจ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุฃู†ุงุชูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆุนู…ู‚
334
00:24:55,100 --> 00:24:58,900
ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ูุตู„ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ ู…ูุตู„ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ ู…ูุตู„
335
00:25:01,800 --> 00:25:05,360
Some people have joints that are more or less
336
00:25:05,360 --> 00:25:08,620
stable than averageุŒ ู„ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชูŠ ููŠ
337
00:25:08,620 --> 00:25:11,880
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆููŠ
338
00:25:11,880 --> 00:25:14,920
ู†ุงุณ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
339
00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:18,420
ุฎู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุŒ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
340
00:25:18,420 --> 00:25:22,300
ุฎู„ุน ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ variations ุชูƒูˆู†
341
00:25:22,300 --> 00:25:26,650
individual region of the ligament and the muscle
342
00:25:26,650 --> 00:25:31,170
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ ligament ูˆ ุงู„ muscle ูˆ ุงู„
343
00:25:31,170 --> 00:25:33,790
muscle tendon ุชุคุซุฑ ู†ุณุจูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ
344
00:25:33,790 --> 00:25:37,070
the joint ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ knee joint ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„
345
00:25:37,070 --> 00:25:41,790
shoulder joint ุงู„ุนุธู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ configuration is
346
00:25:41,790 --> 00:25:46,970
not particularly stable ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุนุธู…
347
00:25:46,970 --> 00:25:51,820
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two ends of the bone
348
00:25:51,820 --> 00:25:55,720
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ humerus ุงู„ู€ head ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
349
00:25:55,720 --> 00:26:00,080
acetabulum ุงู„ femoral condyle ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ plateau
350
00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:05,080
ุชุจุน ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ligament ูˆ
351
00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:08,700
muscle ุชุณุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุงุนุฏ
352
00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:12,200
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ holding the articular bones in together
353
00:26:12,200 --> 00:26:16,360
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ tissue ุถุนูŠูุฉ ูƒู…ู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
354
00:26:16,360 --> 00:26:20,750
ุฃูˆ laxity from being overstretched ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„
355
00:26:20,750 --> 00:26:24,370
stability ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ
356
00:26:24,370 --> 00:26:27,870
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ุนุฑุถ ู„ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
357
00:26:27,870 --> 00:26:31,390
dislocation ุฃูˆ subluxation ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ strong ligament
358
00:26:31,390 --> 00:26:34,970
ุงู„ muscle ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ุญู† ุญุชู‰
359
00:26:34,970 --> 00:26:38,410
ู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
360
00:26:38,410 --> 00:26:41,270
ุงู„ ligament ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ
361
00:26:41,270 --> 00:26:46,220
ุจุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุนูˆุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุญุงุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ุนู†
362
00:26:46,220 --> 00:26:50,660
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
363
00:26:50,660 --> 00:26:53,200
stretching of the quadriceps and the hamstring
364
00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:56,860
group ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑุฉ
365
00:26:56,860 --> 00:27:00,980
ู‡ุคู„ุงุก to muscle ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„
366
00:27:00,980 --> 00:27:05,340
knee ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู†ุญู† ุณู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู€ knee
367
00:27:05,340 --> 00:27:08,220
joint ููŠ ุงู„ illustration ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„
368
00:27:08,220 --> 00:27:11,380
knee joint ูŠุชู…ุชุน ุจุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ ligaments ูˆ ุงู„
369
00:27:11,380 --> 00:27:14,380
tendons ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ lateral collateral
370
00:27:14,380 --> 00:27:18,580
ligament ูˆ ุงู„ medial collateral ligament ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุญู†
371
00:27:18,580 --> 00:27:21,840
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง medial meniscus ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง lateral
372
00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:25,560
meniscus ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ congruent ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูุตู„
373
00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:28,600
ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ anterior ูˆ ุงู„ posterior cruciate
374
00:27:28,600 --> 00:27:32,740
ligament ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ Towards the
375
00:27:32,740 --> 00:27:35,800
anterior and posterior drawer of the knee ูˆููŠ
376
00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:40,160
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุชู†ุฏุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
377
00:27:40,160 --> 00:27:44,740
ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุตู„ ุงู„ุนุธู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ
378
00:27:44,740 --> 00:27:49,240
displacement ุฃูˆ distraction ุทุจุนุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ angle of
379
00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:54,670
attachment of the tendon to the bone ุจุณุงุนุฏ
380
00:27:54,670 --> 00:27:58,690
ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ arrangement ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุฃูŠ
381
00:27:58,690 --> 00:28:01,630
tension when the muscle exerts tension ุงู„
382
00:28:01,630 --> 00:28:04,470
articulation end of the bone and the joint across
383
00:28:04,470 --> 00:28:08,910
are pulled closer together ุญุชู‰ ุชุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability
384
00:28:08,910 --> 00:28:12,260
to enhance stability of the joint ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
385
00:28:12,260 --> 00:28:15,400
usually found when the muscle on the opposite side
386
00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:18,180
of the joint is producing simultaneously ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
387
00:28:18,180 --> 00:28:22,320
synergy ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ
388
00:28:22,320 --> 00:28:27,500
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญู…ูŠ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ู…ุง
389
00:28:27,500 --> 00:28:30,600
ุชูƒูˆู† fatigue ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ joint stability ูˆ ุงู„
390
00:28:30,600 --> 00:28:34,040
injury ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชุญุตู„ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
391
00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:37,380
fatigability ููŠ ุงู„ muscle ูุงู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
392
00:28:37,380 --> 00:28:42,080
ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู‚ู„ ููŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† less stable ุทุจุนุง ุงุฐุง
393
00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:46,940
ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง cruciate ligament rupture ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู…ุง
394
00:28:46,940 --> 00:28:50,000
ุงู„ tension ููŠ ุงู„ fatigued muscle surrounding ุฏู†ูŠู‡
395
00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,560
inadequate to protect the cruciate ligament from
396
00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:57,760
being stretched beyond their elastic limit ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
397
00:28:57,760 --> 00:29:00,120
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง other connective tissues ุฒูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
398
00:29:00,120 --> 00:29:03,040
ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง surrounding the muscle ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ
399
00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:09,740
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุดูŠุท ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุญูŠุท ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ bundles of
400
00:29:09,740 --> 00:29:12,600
muscle fibers within the muscle provide protection
401
00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:16,140
and support ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุงู„ particularly
402
00:29:16,140 --> 00:29:17,860
strong permanent
403
00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:25,830
ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ iliotibial band ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
404
00:29:25,830 --> 00:29:29,410
lateral aspect of the knee ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
405
00:29:29,410 --> 00:29:34,310
stability of the knee joint ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง fascia and the
406
00:29:34,310 --> 00:29:39,070
skin on the exterior of the body and other tissues
407
00:29:39,430 --> 00:29:42,670
that contribute to and show integrity ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุณู…
408
00:29:42,670 --> 00:29:46,550
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญุงุท ุจุงู„ูุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
409
00:29:46,550 --> 00:29:51,630
ุนู† muscles ุงู„ muscle ู‡ุฐู‡ sorry ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
410
00:29:51,630 --> 00:29:57,040
ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนู†
411
00:29:57,040 --> 00:30:00,320
ุทุฑูŠู‚ articulations ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ articulations ู‡ุฐู‡
412
00:30:00,320 --> 00:30:03,320
ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ูˆ connective tissue ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุตู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
413
00:30:03,320 --> 00:30:06,620
ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุธู… ุนุดุงู† ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆ
414
00:30:06,620 --> 00:30:09,780
ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุงู‡ ูุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุงู‡ skin ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง
415
00:30:09,780 --> 00:30:13,360
ู…ู†ุธูˆู…ุฉ ุฑุจู†ุง ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
416
00:30:13,360 --> 00:30:16,580
stability ูˆ ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ูˆุตู„
417
00:30:16,580 --> 00:30:20,600
ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจุณ ุจู†ูˆุถุญ ููŠ
418
00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:24,520
ู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ iliotibial tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ hip
419
00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:29,940
ู„ุฃุณูู„ knee ุญุชู‰ ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability ุชุจุน ุงู„ lateral
420
00:30:29,940 --> 00:30:35,320
part of the knee joint ุจู‡ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
421
00:30:35,320 --> 00:30:39,900
ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ุฑุงูƒู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
422
00:30:39,900 --> 00:30:43,780
ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ joint flexibility