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ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ู†ุตูˆุฑ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ู‚ุทุงุน
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ูู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุนูˆุถู‡ุง ุจุณ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ how to
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recognize the presence of astigmatism ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ู†ุฏุฑูƒุฃูˆ ู†ู„ู…ุณ ุฃู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงุณุชุฌุจุงุชูŠุฒู… ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ
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ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฅู† ูˆ ู†ุงุฌุฏ one meridian of the
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cornea is neutral and the perpendicular with it
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has with or against momentูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ
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ูŠุฌูŠุจ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ุงู† ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
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ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† with or against ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
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ูุงุนู„ ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ูˆุงุถุญ ุงูˆ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†
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ูŠูƒูˆู† one meridian against ูˆ one meridian withูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุจุญุฑูƒ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ with ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ
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against ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุฃุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†
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ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† wide reflex ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ narrow reflex ูŠุจู‚ู‰
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ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุฃุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู…ุงู„ู…ุฑู‡ุงู†ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† well
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ุฃูˆ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† against ู„ูƒู† ูˆุงุญุฏ wild ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ high
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refractive error ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ narrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ small
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refractive error ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู„ุฌูŠู‡
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ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ุจุชู†ูˆุน ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† low myopia high
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myopia low hypermetropia high hypermetropia ููŠ ู†ูุณ
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ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
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ุงุณุชูŠุฌู…ุงุชูŠูƒ ุงุด ุงุณุชูŠุฌู…ุงุชูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุงุณุชูŠุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„
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ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุญุชู‰ one quarter ู„ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุฑุจุน ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two
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medians ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูˆู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุนุฏ
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ู‡ูŠูƒ Infectedroscopy can save time during
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subjective refinement in eyes with very low
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amounts of astigmatism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุงุซุจุชุด ุฃู†ู‡
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ุงู„ astigmatism ุจูŠุตูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุน
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ุงู„ู†ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ ุจุตุนูˆุจุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„
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astigmatism ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฑุชู†ุณูƒูˆุจ ุฌุงุจู‡ ุฃุญุณู† ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ
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ุจู‚ูˆู„Subjectively, locating the axis with minimal
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cylinder power can be time-consuming and sometimes
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confusing a confusing task for a patient during
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refractometry ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ subjective ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
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ุจูŠุณุนู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุชู†ูŠุณูƒูˆุจ ู…ุงุฌูŠุจุด ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุฃูˆ
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ู…ุงุฌูŠุจุด ุงู„ู†ุต ูุงู„ subjective correction ุจุนุฏ
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ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ a chartู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุถูŠู ุฑุจุน ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฐู ุฑุจุน
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ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตุญุญ ุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ good vision ุงู„ good
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vision ู…ุน ุงู„ comfort ู„ุฃู† ู…ุด ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ retroscope
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ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ 100% power ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูˆู„ุง 100% access ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
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ุงู„ subjective ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ refinement
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ subjective subjective ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ objective the
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middle of the eyes have with the role a stigmatism
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ุงูŠุด with the roleุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุนู† ุงู„ night ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจ ..
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ุงู„ vertical ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉplus cylinder axis close to
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90 degree or minus cylinder axis to .. ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง
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Therefore it is probably best to first assess the
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vertical meridian ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ when they're using plus
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cylinder or horizontal when using minus cylinder
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ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒุฉ
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ุฏู‚ุจูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตู„ูŠุญ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุณููŠุฑ ุจูŠูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง plus two ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุดูŠู„ plus two ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
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ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุน ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุณููŠุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
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ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃุธู†ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ู…ุณุชุนู…ู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠ
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ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ู„ุง stigmatismุŸ ุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
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ุงู„ู…ุจุชุฏุฆูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุณู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุชุฏุฆูŠู†
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ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ experience ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
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ุจุณููŠุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ
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ุจูŠูˆูุฑ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰
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360 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ ู‡ุงุด ูˆุงู„ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
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Axis Zero ูˆุงู„ู€ Power ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุงู†ุง ุจุญุท ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุฃูˆ
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ุจุนู…ู„ neutralization ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎู„ุต ุงู„ neutralization
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ุจุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ู‡ู… neutral ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ุณููŠุฑ
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ุณููŠุฑ ุญุชู‰ ุฑุฃุดูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฎู„ููˆุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดุชุบู„ ุจุณููŠุฑ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุณููŠุฑ ู„ุบูŠุฑู‡ู„ุฃ
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ู„ูˆ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุณููŠุฑ
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00:06:37,270 --> 00:06:41,670
ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ู„ุฃ ุจุฎู„ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงุจุดูŠู‡ ู…ุด ูุฏู‡ ุจูˆูุฑ
71
00:06:41,670 --> 00:06:48,550
ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุฌู‡ุฏ ู‡ุชุดูˆูู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุทูŠุจ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€astigmatism
72
00:06:48,550 --> 00:06:52,090
is recognized as a source of confusion for
73
00:06:52,090 --> 00:06:57,010
beginning refractionists ุงูˆ retinoscopists ูŠุนู†ูŠ
74
00:06:57,010 --> 00:07:02,740
ุงู„ู…ุชุฏู‚ูŠูŠู† ุจุฎุงููˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนุงูƒู…ุŸู„ู…ุง ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
75
00:07:02,740 --> 00:07:12,360
ุญุงู„ุฉ astigmatism ููŠู‡ ุฑู‡ุจุฉ ุงู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญู„ ุงู† ุงุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
76
00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:22,180
ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูƒ two eyes ู…ุด ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ I ุงุดุชุบู„ู‡ุง ุจุงุณููŠุฑ ูˆุงู„
77
00:07:22,180 --> 00:07:25,940
I ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡
78
00:07:25,940 --> 00:07:35,860
ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑุณููŠุฑู‡ ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุนู„ู… ุณููŠุฑ ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ
79
00:07:35,860 --> 00:07:43,720
ูˆุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุณููŠุฑู‡ ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงูŠุด
80
00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:50,000
ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ametropia
81
00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:55,350
ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู€
82
00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:58,130
spherical cylinderุŸ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
83
00:07:58,130 --> 00:08:02,530
spherical cylinder ุทูŠุจ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุง .. ูˆ ุงู†ุง
84
00:08:02,530 --> 00:08:09,990
ุจุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจ ููŠู‡ ู„ุนูŠุจูˆู† ู†ุญู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู†ุง ู„ุนูŠุจุฉ
85
00:08:09,990 --> 00:08:17,350
ุงูŠุด ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ุŸ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุจุชุงุนูŠ
86
00:08:17,350 --> 00:08:22,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ intercept ุงูˆ streak ุถูˆุก ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด
87
00:08:22,710 --> 00:08:27,410
ู…ุงู†ุงุฒู„ ุถูˆุกุถูˆุฆูŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ูˆ ุงูŠู† ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ุง ู†ุนู… ูุงู„ุถูˆุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
88
00:08:27,410 --> 00:08:32,750
ุจุถูˆุฆูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุนูŠู‘ู† ูˆ ุงูŠู† ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ุŸ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุน ุฑูŠุชู†ุงู‡ ูˆ
89
00:08:32,750 --> 00:08:40,890
ุฑูŠุชู†ุงู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ reflection ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ
90
00:08:40,890 --> 00:08:44,110
ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู€reflex ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ red
91
00:08:44,110 --> 00:08:52,170
reflexุŸ ุงู„ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ reflex ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ูƒู„
92
00:08:52,170 --> 00:08:56,060
ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† reflex ุจุชุงุนู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŸุทุจ ุงู„ reflex ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
93
00:08:56,060 --> 00:09:02,680
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุน ุงู„ optical power of the eye ุงู„ reflex
94
00:09:02,680 --> 00:09:06,760
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ optical power of the
95
00:09:06,760 --> 00:09:10,540
eye ุทูŠุจุŒ
96
00:09:10,540 --> 00:09:17,060
ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนูŠูˆู† ูƒู„ ุณููŠุฑ ูˆ ููŠ ุนูŠูˆู† ุณููŠุฑ ูˆ ุณูŠู†ุฏุฑ ู…ุด
97
00:09:17,060 --> 00:09:21,940
ุจูŠุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ optical power ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ pure myopiaุŒ
98
00:09:21,940 --> 00:09:27,450
simple myopiaููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ simple hypermetropia ุจุณ ุทุจ
99
00:09:27,450 --> 00:09:29,750
ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุจุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง simple myopia ุงูˆ simple
100
00:09:29,750 --> 00:09:33,530
hypermetropia ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ุจุญุท ุงู„ streak ุจุชุงุนูŠ ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„
101
00:09:33,530 --> 00:09:36,570
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุญุท ุงู„ streak ุจุชุงุนูŠ ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู…ูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุญุท ุงู„
102
00:09:36,570 --> 00:09:41,290
streak ุจุชุงุนูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ 45 ููŠ ุงู„ 135 ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู† ุงุฌุช ูƒู„ู‡
103
00:09:41,290 --> 00:09:45,330
ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ brightness ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ
104
00:09:45,330 --> 00:09:49,670
ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ wideness ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฎู„ุงุต
105
00:09:49,670 --> 00:09:54,640
ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ ุณููŠุฑู„ูƒู† ุฅู†
106
00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:59,960
ู„ุฌูŠุช ู‡ูƒ ูˆ ู‡ูƒ against ู„ุฃ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชุงุนุฉ
107
00:09:59,960 --> 00:10:03,320
ุงู„astigmatism ุงู† ู„ุฌูŠุช ูˆุงุญุฏ wide ูˆุงุญุฏ narrow ูˆุงุญุฏ
108
00:10:03,320 --> 00:10:09,320
ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุทูŠู‚ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
109
00:10:09,320 --> 00:10:15,480
ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ cylinder axis ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู†ุง
110
00:10:15,480 --> 00:10:18,580
ุงู…ุดูŠู‡ู… ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ neutral point ู…ู†ู‡ู…
111
00:10:20,420 --> 00:10:22,420
The refractive error will not be probably
112
00:10:22,420 --> 00:10:26,820
neutralized if any one of the three components is
113
00:10:26,820 --> 00:10:32,060
not aligned. ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฑุงุนูŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
114
00:10:32,060 --> 00:10:38,200
ุฃูˆ ูˆุงุถุญู‡ู… ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆู„ุง
115
00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:43,680
ุฃุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุนุงุฏู„ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
116
00:10:43,680 --> 00:10:51,620
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถุฅู† ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู€ exact axis
117
00:10:51,620 --> 00:10:55,360
of primary median can be difficult when there is
118
00:10:55,360 --> 00:11:00,560
small astigmatism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆ ุฌู„ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
119
00:11:00,560 --> 00:11:07,080
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฌูŠ ุชู†ุจูˆู†ุง ูƒุจุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฅุซู… ูˆุงู„ููˆุญุด ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ุฅูŠุด
120
00:11:07,080 --> 00:11:14,400
ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑุŸ ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฐู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฌูŠ
121
00:11:14,400 --> 00:11:22,560
ุชู†ุจูˆู†ุง ูƒุจุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุฅุซู… ูˆุงู„ููˆุญุด ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู…ู…ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡
122
00:11:22,560 --> 00:11:31,680
ุงู„ู„ุฌูˆุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ูุฑุจู†ุง
123
00:11:31,680 --> 00:11:36,840
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุบูุฑ ุงู„ู„ู…ู… ุฃู…ุง ูƒุจุงุฆุฑ ุฃุซู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุญุด
124
00:11:36,840 --> 00:11:43,400
ุงู„ููˆุญุด ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุก ุตุนุจ ู‡ู†ุง small
125
00:11:43,400 --> 00:11:48,000
astigmatism ุตุนุจุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ูƒุชุดูู‡ ุจุช ู†ูุณู†ุง
126
00:11:50,820 --> 00:11:56,240
ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุตุนุจ ู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ู†ุนู…ู„ enhancing
127
00:11:56,240 --> 00:12:02,380
or narrowing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง sleeve down
128
00:12:02,380 --> 00:12:09,480
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆูŠู„ุด ุฃู„ูŠู† ุงู„ูˆูŠุชู†ูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุตุญุŸ sleeve down ู‡ูˆ
129
00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:17,340
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงูˆู„ ุชุทู„ุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ููˆู‚ ุงู„ sleeve ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฏูˆุฆูƒ
130
00:12:17,340 --> 00:12:23,580
ุถูŠู‚ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุชุดุชุบู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑู†ูŠุง
131
00:12:23,580 --> 00:12:29,220
ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุชุตูˆุฑ ุฃุญุณู† ู„ู„ access ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
132
00:12:29,220 --> 00:12:34,840
ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุดุบู„ ูƒูˆุจู„ุงู†ุฏ style ู„ุฃ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง lowering
133
00:12:34,840 --> 00:12:38,140
ู„ู„ sleep ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนูƒุณู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„
134
00:12:38,140 --> 00:12:42,240
wish island ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ sleep down ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„
135
00:12:42,240 --> 00:12:47,700
enhancing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ู„ูŠู‡
136
00:12:49,500 --> 00:12:54,580
ุงู„ู€ streak ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุฏูŠู‚ูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ููˆู‚ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง
137
00:12:54,580 --> 00:12:58,140
ุชุฌุฑุจูˆุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆู‡ ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุชุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠ
138
00:12:58,140 --> 00:13:05,780
ูˆุดูˆููˆุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠู‡ until ุฃูุถู„ ุฃุถูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ streak ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
139
00:13:05,780 --> 00:13:09,780
intercept is enhanced ุตุงุฑ ุฃูˆุถุญ this narrowing of
140
00:13:09,780 --> 00:13:14,580
the intercept will make it easier to see the axis
141
00:13:14,580 --> 00:13:20,120
of astigmatismุดูˆูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุฑุงุช ุงุญุฑูƒู‡ ู„ููˆู‚
142
00:13:20,120 --> 00:13:26,040
if the sleeve is lower too far ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนูƒุณู†ุง ู‡ู… ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
143
00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:29,000
lower ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุนู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู†ุนู„ูŠ ูˆ ู‡ู… ุจูˆุทูˆุง ููŠ
144
00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:35,560
ูƒูˆุจู„ุงู†ุฏ ู„ุฃ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุนู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ sleeve ู„ุฃ ุจุตูŠุฑ
145
00:13:35,560 --> 00:13:42,120
ูˆุงุดุฑ ุงู†ุง ุงุฌุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุท ุงู„ุธู„ุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฆุท ู‡ูŠูƒุนุงู„ูŠ
146
00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:46,520
ูˆุงุทูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุดูˆููˆุง ุฃุซุงุฑ ุฃุถูŠู‚ ุฅุดูŠ ุฃุถูŠู‚ ุฅุดูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
147
00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:53,780
ุฃุญุณู† ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ axis of astigmatism ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
148
00:13:53,780 --> 00:13:58,680
ู‡ูˆ cylinder ู‡ุงูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุถูˆุฆูƒ
149
00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:03,260
streak ูˆ ุงู„ reflex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ axis of
150
00:14:03,260 --> 00:14:07,780
cylinder ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุชุทุงุจู‚ูŠู†
151
00:14:09,820 --> 00:14:23,560
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠูุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ A ูˆู‡ุฐุง A ูˆู‡ูŠ B ูˆู‡ูŠ B ูˆู‡ูŠ C ูˆู‡ูŠ C
152
00:14:23,560 --> 00:14:30,400
ูˆู„ูƒู† ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
153
00:14:30,400 --> 00:14:37,300
ุถูˆุกูŠ ูˆููŠู‡ reflex ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู‡ุง
154
00:14:37,300 --> 00:14:44,220
axis ูˆุญู†ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ุขู†ููŠ ุงู„ู€ minus ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ plus
155
00:14:44,220 --> 00:14:49,120
ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
156
00:14:49,120 --> 00:14:56,300
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ูู‰ ุณุคุงู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฌุงูˆุจูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ what is
157
00:14:56,300 --> 00:15:00,680
the difference between meridian and axis ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆุง
158
00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:04,740
ูƒู„ู…ุฉ meridian ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ axis ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
159
00:15:04,740 --> 00:15:05,200
ูุงุฑู‚
160
00:15:10,070 --> 00:15:18,610
ูุถู‘ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ meridian ู„ู„ูƒูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ axis ู„ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูˆ
161
00:15:18,610 --> 00:15:25,250
ุงู„ axis ู„ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง meridians ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด
162
00:15:25,250 --> 00:15:29,590
ูƒู„ ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง axis ูŠุนู†ูŠ
163
00:15:29,590 --> 00:15:34,390
ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ axis
164
00:15:34,390 --> 00:15:38,870
ุญุณุจ ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง astigmatism ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุจุณ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ุง
165
00:15:38,870 --> 00:15:44,090
astigmatismุจุฏูˆุด ูŠุนู…ู„ ูŠุงุณูŠุฏูŠ correction ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด
166
00:15:44,090 --> 00:15:48,350
ู‡ุญุทู„ู‡ access ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุด ู‡ุญุทู„ู‡ ู†ุถุงุฑุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ุญุทู„ู‡
167
00:15:48,350 --> 00:15:52,130
contactless ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ correction ุจุฏู‡
168
00:15:52,130 --> 00:15:56,310
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ access ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ access ุตู†ุงุนูŠ artificial
169
00:15:56,310 --> 00:16:02,250
ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ meridian natural ุฅูŠุด naturalุŸ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูƒู„
170
00:16:02,250 --> 00:16:05,750
ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ meridian ุดุงุก ู…ู† ุดุงุก ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุงุด
171
00:16:05,750 --> 00:16:16,250
ูˆุฃุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุฃุจู‚ู‰ ุตุญูƒุŸ ุทูŠุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Meridian ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุท
172
00:16:16,250 --> 00:16:20,650
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุถูˆุฆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู†ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ Meridian ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
173
00:16:20,650 --> 00:16:25,790
ุงู„ู€ Axis ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Astigmatism ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุน
174
00:16:25,790 --> 00:16:30,410
Plus Cylinder ูˆู„ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุน Minus CylinderุŸ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ูˆ
175
00:16:30,410 --> 00:16:34,210
ู‚ุงู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถุน Minus Cylinder
176
00:16:35,810 --> 00:16:42,670
ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู€ axis ุจุชุงุนูŠ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian ูŠุนู†ูŠ
177
00:16:42,670 --> 00:16:53,790
ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ plus ุงู„ axis perpendicular to meridian
178
00:16:53,790 --> 00:17:00,290
ุฅูŠุด
179
00:17:00,290 --> 00:17:07,540
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ plus a perpendicular to Mุฑู…ุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด
180
00:17:07,540 --> 00:17:17,640
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ plus ุณุฑู†ุฏุฑ ุงู„ axis ุฃุญุท ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰
181
00:17:17,640 --> 00:17:23,400
ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ
182
00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:27,300
ุดุฑุญุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุก ุฅูŠุด ูˆุถุนู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆุกุŸ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
183
00:17:27,300 --> 00:17:32,420
meridian ุฏูˆุก ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ุณูƒูˆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
184
00:17:32,420 --> 00:17:38,580
ุงู„ุขู†ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ streaking ู„ู€ meridian ุงู„ู€ 180
185
00:17:38,580 --> 00:17:45,220
ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ุง ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡ุŸ ุฃุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ 180 ูˆู„ุง ุฃุญุทู‡
186
00:17:45,220 --> 00:17:51,720
ููŠ ุงู„ 90ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ 90 ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏ ู…ุฑุฉ ุดู…ุงู„
187
00:17:51,720 --> 00:17:55,340
ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูŠู†
188
00:17:55,340 --> 00:18:00,420
ุนุดุงู† ุฃุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ with ูˆ ู„ุง against ุทุจ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
189
00:18:00,420 --> 00:18:04,720
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ 90high
190
00:18:04,720 --> 00:18:08,620
ุงู„ meridian ุงู†ุชุจู‡ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุชูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู‡ู… ุงู† ุงู† high
191
00:18:08,620 --> 00:18:12,700
ุงู„ meridian ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุญุท ุถูˆุก ุงูŠู‡ ุงุญุทู‡ ููŠ
192
00:18:12,700 --> 00:18:17,280
ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงูุถู„ ุงุนู…ู„
193
00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:22,020
up ูˆ down up ูˆ down up ูˆ down up ูˆ down ู„ู…ุง ุงุจูŠู†
194
00:18:22,020 --> 00:18:30,400
ุงู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ with ูˆู„ุง against ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุซุจุช ุงู† ููŠู‡
195
00:18:31,810 --> 00:18:35,510
astigmatism ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† with ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ
196
00:18:35,510 --> 00:18:38,390
ูŠูƒูˆู† against ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† wide ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† narrow
197
00:18:38,390 --> 00:18:43,710
ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† bright ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† dim ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
198
00:18:43,710 --> 00:18:50,470
ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุงู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจ plus
199
00:18:50,470 --> 00:18:56,660
cylinder ุงูˆ minus cylinderู‡ุฐุง ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ
200
00:18:56,660 --> 00:18:59,280
ุงุฎุชุงุฑู‡ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูˆู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ plus ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ
201
00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:02,800
ุฎู„ุงุต ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุฑุชุงุญ ุจุงู„ plus ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
202
00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:06,020
ู„ุฃ ูŠุง ุนู…ูŠ ุงู„ minus ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ูˆุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู…ุดูŠ
203
00:19:06,020 --> 00:19:10,280
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ minus ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ูˆุงู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ููŠ
204
00:19:10,280 --> 00:19:14,480
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู‚ู„ู‡ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุงู†ุง ุงุฑุจุท ุญุงู„ูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง
205
00:19:14,480 --> 00:19:18,600
ุจุฏูŠ ุจุญุท plus ูˆูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุจุญุท ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุณุงู† ุฒูŠ
206
00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:23,300
ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ูุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ูุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ุฉ
207
00:19:23,300 --> 00:19:28,580
ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ุตุนุจุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู†ุช ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ููƒู„ ุงู†ุณุงู† ุจุณ
208
00:19:28,580 --> 00:19:33,960
ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุชู‚ู† ู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุงู† ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุดุฑุญู‡
209
00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:39,020
ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู… ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุงู„
210
00:19:39,020 --> 00:19:46,660
plus ู†ุชุนู„ู… ู†ุดุชุบู„ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุงู„ plus ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
211
00:19:47,580 --> 00:19:51,160
ุฃุถุน ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ูˆ ู…ุจูŠู† ุงู„ axis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุณุงูˆูŠ
212
00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:55,180
ู„ู‡ุง ุฎุทูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ axis ูƒุงู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠู†
213
00:19:55,180 --> 00:20:05,160
ู‡ุฐูˆู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุงู…ุŸ zero ุทุจ ูˆ ุงู„ full power ูˆูŠู†ุŸ
214
00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:11,480
perpendicular to it ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุญุท ุงู„ zero ุงู„
215
00:20:11,480 --> 00:20:18,940
axis ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridianุทูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุถูˆุก ุฅูŠุด
216
00:20:18,940 --> 00:20:23,880
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุถุนู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู€ X ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ุถูˆุก ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุถูˆุก ุฃูŠุถุง
217
00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:29,340
ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุถูˆุก ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู„ูŠุฏูŠุงู† ู‡ู…ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†
218
00:20:29,340 --> 00:20:34,900
ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ู€ minus
219
00:20:34,900 --> 00:20:41,140
cylinder ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุถ ุจุฏู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนูƒุณ
220
00:20:41,140 --> 00:20:48,540
ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ู€ plusa axis ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ meridian ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
221
00:20:48,540 --> 00:20:54,340
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ minus a parallel
222
00:20:54,340 --> 00:21:00,820
to meridian ูƒูŠู
223
00:21:00,820 --> 00:21:05,420
ุฑุงูŠูƒู…ุŸ
224
00:21:05,420 --> 00:21:07,500
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู†ุช ู…ุด ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠู† ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
225
00:21:07,500 --> 00:21:13,760
ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุจุณ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠูุถู„ ุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑ
226
00:21:13,760 --> 00:21:19,760
ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุชุฏุฆูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุงูˆู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ .. ุงูˆู„ ุฏูˆุฑ
227
00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:22,780
ูŠุนู†ูŠ
228
00:21:22,780 --> 00:21:28,900
ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุฒุงุฆู… ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุทู„ุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ
229
00:21:28,900 --> 00:21:30,660
ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู‡ุฒู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุทู„ุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช
230
00:21:30,660 --> 00:21:37,480
ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุดูˆู ุงู„ุณุทูˆุญ ููˆู‚ ุจุณ ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุณููŠุฑ ุณููŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ
231
00:21:37,480 --> 00:21:41,680
ุงู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุญุจ ูŠุตุนุฏ ุงู„ุฌุจุงู„ ูŠุนูŠุด ุฃุจุฏุง ุฏู‡ุฑ ุจู†ุงู‡
232
00:21:51,000 --> 00:22:08,420
ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุดู‡ุงุฏุชู†ุง
233
00:22:08,420 --> 00:22:13,780
ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู…ุŸุตุญ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ู…ุงุงุฎุฏู†ุง ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุฃูŠุดุŸ
234
00:22:13,780 --> 00:22:19,800
ุณุทุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ ุงุดุชุบู„
235
00:22:19,800 --> 00:22:24,320
ุงู†ุง ุจ minus cylinder ุงู‡
236
00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:28,720
the axis is parallel to the meridian that we are
237
00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:32,100
streaking ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ streaking
238
00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:36,760
ุจู†ุญุท ุฃูŠุด ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„ plus ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ minus
239
00:22:36,760 --> 00:22:42,370
ูˆ ุงู„ minus ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ plusุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ minus
240
00:22:42,370 --> 00:22:53,570
cylinder axis ุฃูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ ุจ streak ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุจุชุงุนูŠุŸ ุฃูŠุด
241
00:22:53,570 --> 00:22:58,150
ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุถูˆุก ุจุชุงุนูŠุŸ ุถูˆุกูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ axis ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
242
00:22:58,150 --> 00:22:58,950
minus cylinder
243
00:23:04,810 --> 00:23:13,830
ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุนูƒุณุŸ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ .. ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ plus ุตุญ
244
00:23:13,830 --> 00:23:19,490
ุตุญ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ
245
00:23:19,490 --> 00:23:26,810
ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ู†ุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
246
00:23:26,810 --> 00:23:31,830
median ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
247
00:23:31,830 --> 00:23:32,170
ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู†
248
00:23:36,080 --> 00:23:43,520
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุงุญุท plus cylinder
249
00:23:43,520 --> 00:23:49,980
ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุญุท ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ plus cylinder ูˆูŠู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ
250
00:23:49,980 --> 00:23:54,980
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian ู‡ุงูŠ ู‚ุฏู†ุงูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู‡ูˆ
251
00:23:54,980 --> 00:24:01,760
ุงู„ meridian ูˆ ุงู„ plus ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจ ูˆุถู‡ุฑูˆุง
252
00:24:04,690 --> 00:24:08,770
ุงู„ุถูˆุก parallel ุงู„ axis ูˆ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian
253
00:24:08,770 --> 00:24:15,210
ุงุตู„ุง ุฎู„ุงุต ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงุณุจูŠู† ุงู„ุถูˆุก ู…ู† ุงูˆู„ ุจู†ุงุชูŠ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง
254
00:24:15,210 --> 00:24:19,090
ุงู„ meridian ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงุณุจูŠู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ
255
00:24:19,090 --> 00:24:24,290
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ plus ุจุณ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ axis
256
00:24:24,290 --> 00:24:28,210
ู…ุน ุงู„ุถูˆุก ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian
257
00:24:28,210 --> 00:24:32,770
ุทูŠุจ ุงุฌู„ุจูˆู„ูŠ ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงุฌู„ุจูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ ุฎุทูˆ
258
00:24:32,770 --> 00:24:45,500
minus ุงุดูˆูุญุทู‡ minus cylinder axis ูˆ ู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ 180
259
00:24:45,500 --> 00:24:51,260
ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงู†ู‚ูˆู„ุงุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู„ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง
260
00:24:51,260 --> 00:24:56,160
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุจูŠุญูุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนูƒุณู‡ุง ูˆูŠู† ู…ุง ุฑุงุญ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
261
00:24:56,160 --> 00:25:01,200
ู†ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ plus ุงู„ axis ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ minus ุจุณ ู„ูˆ
262
00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:05,650
ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ minus ุนูƒุณู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‡ูŠู†ุฎู„ุงุต ู„ูŠุด ู†ุญูุธ
263
00:25:05,650 --> 00:25:09,750
ูƒุชูŠุฑุŸ ุงู†ุง ุฒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ effectivity ูˆู‚ุช ู†ุฒู„ ุฌุงู„ ูˆ
264
00:25:09,750 --> 00:25:14,470
ุจู†ุจุนุฏ ูˆ ุจู†ุฌุฑุจ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุจุนุฏ ุงุดูŠ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุจุนุฏ ุงุดูŠ
265
00:25:14,470 --> 00:25:18,810
ุจู†ุฌุต ูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู†ุง ุญูุธุช ุญุฑููŠู† ุฒู…ุงู† ุฒู…ุงู† ุฒู…ุงู†
266
00:25:18,810 --> 00:25:24,690
ู‚ุจู„ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู†ุง ุงู„ minus ุงู„ minus ุงู„
267
00:25:24,690 --> 00:25:27,570
power ุงู„ minus ุงู„ sphere ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุฌุฑุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
268
00:25:27,570 --> 00:25:31,550
ูˆ ุจุณ ูˆ ุงู†ุณูŠุช ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ plus ุจู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
269
00:25:31,550 --> 00:25:38,200
ุนูƒุณู‡ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ููŠ ุญูุธ ุงู„ุขูŠุงุช
270
00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:46,080
ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุชูƒุชูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูƒุชูŠูƒ ู„ู„ุญูุธ ู…ุด ุทุจุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ ููŠ
271
00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:54,920
ูู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ูู† ุจุฎูู ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูˆ ุจุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„
272
00:25:54,920 --> 00:26:00,740
ู„ูƒู† ุดุบู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุนุฌู„ ุนุงู„ูุงุถูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
273
00:26:02,050 --> 00:26:08,130
ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ ูƒุงู† ู…ุนู†ุง ุทุงู„ุจ ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠ ููŠุนู†ูŠ
274
00:26:08,130 --> 00:26:11,890
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุน ุฃุตุญุงุจู‡ ุจูŠู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„
275
00:26:11,890 --> 00:26:15,870
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฑูŠุช ุฌุฑุงูŠุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ
276
00:26:15,870 --> 00:26:20,130
ูˆูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ูˆุฃู†ุฌุฒุช ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒูƒ ุจูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงู„ูƒูŠู ุฌุฑูŠุชุŸ ู‚ูˆู„ุช ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡
277
00:26:20,130 --> 00:26:24,010
ู‚ุฑุฃุช ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตูุญุฉ ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจ ูƒู†ุณูƒูŠ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูƒู†ุณูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
278
00:26:24,010 --> 00:26:31,720
ูƒุชุงุจ ูƒู†ุณูƒูŠ clinical ophthalmologyู…ุนุฑูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
279
00:26:31,720 --> 00:26:36,740
ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ูƒุชุงุจ ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุญุฏุซ ุทุจุนุฉ
280
00:26:36,740 --> 00:26:45,860
ูˆุตู„ุชู†ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† 2014 ูู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‘ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุณู…ูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„
281
00:26:45,860 --> 00:26:51,920
ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุฃ ุฃุชูู‚ ู…ุนุงูƒ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุญ ู‚ู„ุช ูˆ
282
00:26:51,920 --> 00:27:00,850
ู‡ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุตุญ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุตุญ ูƒุงู… ููƒุฑุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุฑุณุฎุช ุนู†ุฏูƒู…ู‡ูˆ
283
00:27:00,850 --> 00:27:05,690
ุงู„ุตูุญุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุตูˆุฑ ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ุฑุณูˆู… ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุดูŠ ู…ูƒุฑุฑ
284
00:27:05,690 --> 00:27:12,770
ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตูุญุฉ ูƒุงู… ุงู„ุตุงููŠุŸ
285
00:27:12,770 --> 00:27:16,370
ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ุตุงููŠุŸ ูƒุงู… ุงู„ุตุงููŠุŸ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู†
286
00:27:16,370 --> 00:27:20,210
ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูุนู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุฏุฑุณ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†
287
00:27:20,210 --> 00:27:23,110
ุฒู…ูŠู„ ุฅู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ..
288
00:27:23,110 --> 00:27:29,190
ุฃุฎุฏุช ุฏูุนุฉ ูุนู„ุง ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุขู‡ ูุนู„ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุดูŠุก ุตุงููŠ ููŠ
289
00:27:29,190 --> 00:27:34,090
ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ูƒู… ุทู„ุนุช ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุฏุฑุณุช ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตูุญุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฅูŠุด
290
00:27:34,090 --> 00:27:39,190
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุซุงุจุช ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุซุงุจุช ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ููŠ
291
00:27:39,190 --> 00:27:42,650
ุญูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฏุฑุณุช ุนุดุฑุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†
292
00:27:42,650 --> 00:27:50,530
ูุงู„ุขู† ุจุณ ุจุญูุธ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ plus cylinder ุจุญุท ุงู„ axis
293
00:27:50,530 --> 00:27:55,550
ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian ุฎู„ุงุต ุฃู†ุณู‰ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ
294
00:27:55,550 --> 00:28:05,300
ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนูƒุณู‡ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ูู‡ู…ุชูŠ ูŠุง ุจู†ุชูŠุŸ ุทูŠุจ how to
295
00:28:05,300 --> 00:28:13,120
neutralize a stigmatic eyeุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒูŠู
296
00:28:13,120 --> 00:28:17,700
ุฃุนุงุฏู„ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุญุฏูŠุŒ
297
00:28:17,700 --> 00:28:28,350
challenge ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู‚ุชุตุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุงุฃู„ู…ุช
298
00:28:28,350 --> 00:28:34,850
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุงู„ first retinoscopic examination ุจุฏูˆู†
299
00:28:34,850 --> 00:28:39,390
ู„ู†ุฒู„ ุงู†ู‡
300
00:28:39,390 --> 00:28:44,710
ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุดูŠุก with ูˆุดูŠุก against ุดูŠุก ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆุดูŠุก
301
00:28:44,710 --> 00:28:48,370
ุจุทูŠุนูŠ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุณุน ูˆุดูŠุก ุถูŠู‚ ุดูŠุก bright ูˆุดูŠุก dim ุฅุฐุง
302
00:28:48,370 --> 00:28:53,170
ุงู„ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง stillness ุทุจ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฃุจุฏุฃุŸ
303
00:28:55,310 --> 00:28:59,990
ุจุงู„ู€ less ametropic axis ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ less ametropic
304
00:28:59,990 --> 00:29:11,790
axisุŸ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎุทุฃ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
305
00:29:11,790 --> 00:29:18,130
width ุจุฑูŠุญู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† width ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„
306
00:29:18,130 --> 00:29:22,490
meridian ุงู„ 180 ุจุญุท ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃุญุท ู†ุต
307
00:29:22,490 --> 00:29:29,360
ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุตูƒู„ู‡ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุงู†ุง ุจุญุทู„ู‡
308
00:29:29,360 --> 00:29:34,940
ุจุญุทู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฌุฑุจ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุญุทู„ู‡ ุฑุจุน ู„ู…ุง ุบุงุจ ุงู„ movement
309
00:29:34,940 --> 00:29:38,840
ุจุฌูู†ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุนู…ู„ verification ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุณุฌู† ุงู†
310
00:29:38,840 --> 00:29:43,240
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง plus two plus two ู†ุต ุฎู„ุงุต
311
00:29:43,240 --> 00:29:49,240
sphere ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ meridian ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุณู‡
312
00:29:49,240 --> 00:29:58,690
ametropic ุนุฏุงู„ุชู‡ ุจุฅูŠุดุŸูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจูŠุด ููŠู†ุŸ ุทูŠุจ .. ุทูŠุจ
313
00:29:58,690 --> 00:30:03,350
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ the meridian with the narrow fast reflex will
314
00:30:03,350 --> 00:30:07,370
neutralize firstุŒ this meridian will be ninety
315
00:30:07,370 --> 00:30:10,490
degree away from the meridian with the widest
316
00:30:10,490 --> 00:30:16,310
slowest .. ุฃู†ุง ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุถูŠู‚
317
00:30:16,310 --> 00:30:17,690
ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุน ุงู„ more bright
318
00:30:20,860 --> 00:30:28,220
ู‡ูŠูˆ ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ white ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุงู„ slow
319
00:30:28,220 --> 00:30:35,580
ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ุฃุญุท ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุณููŠุฑ
320
00:30:35,580 --> 00:30:45,060
ุทูŠุจ ู‚ู„ุช ุฃุญุทู‡ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ neutral ุตุงุฑ neutral
321
00:30:45,060 --> 00:30:50,450
ุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฏู‰ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ neutral
322
00:30:50,450 --> 00:30:58,630
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุนูŠู…ูŠู†ูƒูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู„
323
00:30:58,630 --> 00:31:05,870
ุงุดุชุบู„ ุณููŠุฑ ุนุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุฎุตูˆุด ููŠู‡ ุจุณ ุงุดุชุบู„
324
00:31:05,870 --> 00:31:15,690
ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ
325
00:31:15,690 --> 00:31:23,370
ุงู„ุณุฏูŠุฏุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุจู‡ุฐุง ุจุตููŠุฑ ู‡ุงูŠูˆ S ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุตููŠุฑ
326
00:31:23,370 --> 00:31:31,730
ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุตููŠุฑ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุฎุตูˆุดุŸ ู…ุฎุตูˆุดุŸ ู…ุฎุตูˆุดุŸ
327
00:31:31,730 --> 00:31:40,850
ุงูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒุŸ ุงู„ุตููŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชุฃุซุฑ
328
00:31:40,850 --> 00:31:44,510
ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู„ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุŸ dream
329
00:31:47,820 --> 00:31:51,020
ุงู„ุจุงูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุซุฑู‡ุง .. ุฅุฐุง ุดุนุฑุช ู‚ู„ุจุช
330
00:31:51,020 --> 00:31:56,360
ุงู„ .. ุทูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุซุฑุด .. ู„ุฃ ุจู‚ู‰ ุซุฑุด .. ุญู‚ .. ุฅู„ุง
331
00:31:56,360 --> 00:31:59,360
ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ุจุช ุงู„ .. ุฃู†ุง ู…ุจุณูˆุท ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฃุฑุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
332
00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:05,060
ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู† ุงู„ .. ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ููŠุตู„ ูˆ ู„ุง
333
00:32:05,060 --> 00:32:08,360
ููŠุตู„ ู‚ุงุณู… .. ููŠุตู„ ุงู„ูุงุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ
334
00:32:08,360 --> 00:32:15,070
ุจูˆู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูŠุถุญูƒุฃู‡ ู…ุง ุดุงุทุฑ ููŠุตู„ ุงู‡ ุงูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ูŠุง
335
00:32:15,070 --> 00:32:21,430
ุจู†ุชูŠ ุงู‡ ุงู„ sphere ุงู„ sphere
336
00:32:21,430 --> 00:32:25,410
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† degree ุชู„ุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
337
00:32:25,410 --> 00:32:30,210
ุณุชูŠู† ุงุณู degree ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† degree
338
00:32:30,210 --> 00:32:36,190
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ ุตุงุฑ neutral ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ less wide
339
00:32:36,190 --> 00:32:45,640
ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจู‡ู…ุด ูŠู…ูƒู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุฑุฏูƒ ููŠ ุญุฑู ุนู…ุฑูƒ
340
00:32:45,640 --> 00:32:49,760
ู…ุง ุชู†ุณุงู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ
341
00:32:49,760 --> 00:32:53,100
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุฏู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู‚ุฑุง ู‚ุฑุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ
342
00:32:53,100 --> 00:32:59,480
ูˆ ููŠ ุณูˆุฑุฉ ูŠูˆู†ุณ ุงู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุฃ ุนูŠุฏ ู„ุง ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงู„
343
00:32:59,480 --> 00:33:03,380
ู„ุฃ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ูˆ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ูˆ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุนุฑูุช
344
00:33:03,380 --> 00:33:08,980
ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุชุนู„ู… ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ู…ุด ูŠู‡ุฏูŠุฎู…ุณ ู…ุฑุงุช ูˆ ุงู‚ูˆู„
345
00:33:08,980 --> 00:33:14,060
ูŠุง ู‡ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ูŠุง ู‡ุฏูŠ ุงูˆ ุฌุฏุช ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
346
00:33:14,060 --> 00:33:20,220
ุจุชุนู„ู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฎุชุงุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ sphere ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ 360
347
00:33:20,220 --> 00:33:29,120
degree ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุถูŠู‚ ุตุงุฑ neutral ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†
348
00:33:29,120 --> 00:33:36,020
wide ุตุงุฑ less wide ุงูˆ ุตุงุฑ narrow ู…ุด ุจูŠุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
349
00:33:36,020 --> 00:33:40,890
ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุชุดุชุบู„ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ physics ู‡ูŠูƒ
350
00:33:40,890 --> 00:33:45,630
ุจุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุง ูˆ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ู‡ุง
351
00:33:45,630 --> 00:33:49,910
ุทุจูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุญุณู† ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ LASIK ุงู„ู„ูŠ
352
00:33:49,910 --> 00:33:55,150
ุจุถุฑุจู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠูŠู† ุจุณ ุฌุงู„ู‡
353
00:33:55,150 --> 00:33:58,170
ู„ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูƒูˆุง ูˆ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ู„ู‡ู… ุจุฏู†ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฑุงุญูˆุง ูˆ
354
00:33:58,170 --> 00:34:00,770
ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงุช ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุชู„ุช ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†
355
00:34:00,770 --> 00:34:05,190
ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠูŠู† ูˆ ุฌุงุจูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุตุงู†ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
356
00:34:05,190 --> 00:34:11,260
ูุงู„ุชู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุตุงู†ุนู…ุน ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
357
00:34:11,260 --> 00:34:17,440
optometrist ูˆ ุทู„ุนูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ laser ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ as we
358
00:34:17,440 --> 00:34:23,820
.. as add plus sphere power the reflex at 90 ู†ุฑุฒ
359
00:34:23,820 --> 00:34:31,660
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุฑุฒ and the reflex 180 quickly widens ูˆ
360
00:34:31,660 --> 00:34:33,420
ุจุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ neutrality
361
00:34:36,200 --> 00:34:41,620
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ 180 ุณู„ู… ูˆ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠู‡
362
00:34:41,620 --> 00:34:48,680
ุญุฑุงูƒ ุจุณ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู„ู€ neutralุฉ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ูˆุตู„ุด ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู†
363
00:34:48,680 --> 00:34:54,660
ุงู„ู„ุบุฒ ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุฎู„ุงุต neutral ูุงุถู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
364
00:34:54,660 --> 00:35:02,360
ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญุท ุฃู†ุง cylinder ู…ุง ุงุญุชูุธูŠ ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ sphere ูƒู…ุง
365
00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:03,640
ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠู„ูˆุด
366
00:35:06,030 --> 00:35:10,690
ู‡ูŠุฑู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุจุงู‡ุฏู… ุนุดุงู† ุงุจู†ูŠ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
367
00:35:10,690 --> 00:35:15,410
ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ูŠุชู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุณููŠุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ
368
00:35:15,410 --> 00:35:21,410
ุถูŠู‚ุช ุงู„ูˆุงุณุน ุถูŠู‚ุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ุช ุจุนุถ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุณุน ู„ุฃ ุฎู„ูŠู‡
369
00:35:21,410 --> 00:35:27,550
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ next step is to identify
370
00:35:27,550 --> 00:35:33,190
the axis of ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a stigmatism ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„
371
00:35:33,190 --> 00:35:38,400
identificationูˆูŠู† ุงุญุท ุงู†ุง ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุนูŠ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
372
00:35:38,400 --> 00:35:48,300
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ several clues ุงูŠุด clues ุฎูŠูˆุท ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ
373
00:35:48,300 --> 00:35:59,420
clues ุฎูŠูˆุท ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุฎูŠูˆุท ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ clues ุงูˆู„ ุฎูŠุท ุงุณู…ู‡
374
00:35:59,420 --> 00:36:04,060
thickness phenomena ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ุงูƒุฉ
375
00:36:06,980 --> 00:36:14,640
to intensity phenomena ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ
376
00:36:14,640 --> 00:36:16,040
ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ
377
00:36:16,040 --> 00:36:18,500
ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ
378
00:36:18,500 --> 00:36:19,640
ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ
379
00:36:19,640 --> 00:36:24,240
ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ
380
00:36:24,240 --> 00:36:31,560
ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุด
381
00:36:36,390 --> 00:36:43,570
ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงุฑุจุนุฉุŸ ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุฑู ูˆูŠู† ู†ุญุท ุงู„
382
00:36:43,570 --> 00:36:47,890
axis ุงู„ุงู†
383
00:36:47,890 --> 00:36:56,530
ุฏู‡ ุงู„ thickness ุงู„ุงู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงุจุฏุฃ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
384
00:36:56,530 --> 00:37:04,170
narrow ูˆู„ุง ุงุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„wide ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุงุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ narrowู„ุฃู†ู‡
385
00:37:04,170 --> 00:37:09,750
ู†ุงุฑู‡ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู„ู„ุฃ ุทุจ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจูŠู‡ ุจุงุณููŠุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุจุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑุŸ
386
00:37:09,750 --> 00:37:15,030
ุจุงุณููŠุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
387
00:37:15,030 --> 00:37:20,030
the streak reflex appears to be narrowest when we
388
00:37:20,030 --> 00:37:22,930
are streaking ุงูŠุด streaking ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุงุญุฏู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
389
00:37:22,930 --> 00:37:27,130
streaking ุงุญุฏู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ streaking ุทุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„
390
00:37:27,130 --> 00:37:30,110
retroscope ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุงูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ streak
391
00:37:30,110 --> 00:37:36,930
retroscopeุฃุตู„ ู‚ุจู„ streak ูƒุงู† perforated mirror
392
00:37:36,930 --> 00:37:41,470
ู…ุงูƒุงู†ุด
393
00:37:41,470 --> 00:37:46,470
ููŠู‡ streak ู„ู…ุง ุทู„ุน streak ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†
394
00:37:46,470 --> 00:37:52,410
ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูƒุงู† ูุชุญุฉ ู…ุจูŠู†ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃูŠุงู…ู†ุง
395
00:37:52,410 --> 00:37:55,610
ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
396
00:37:55,610 --> 00:37:59,230
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุงุฎุฑู… ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ูŠู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฎุฑู…
397
00:37:59,230 --> 00:38:06,020
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุนู† ุญุฑูƒุฉูˆ ู†ุญุท ุถูˆุก ูˆ ู†ุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
398
00:38:06,020 --> 00:38:11,480
ู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฌูŠุจ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆ ูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ูŠุณู‚ุท ุนู„ูŠู‡
399
00:38:11,480 --> 00:38:14,600
ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุง ุชุณู‚ุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงู„ุฎู†ู…
400
00:38:14,600 --> 00:38:18,360
ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏูŠุฑุฉ ู†ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ reflex ูˆ ู†ุญุฑูƒู‡
401
00:38:18,360 --> 00:38:24,220
ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ูŠุดู…ุงู„ ูˆ ูŠุดู…ุงู„ ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ุฃุณุชุฑูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
402
00:38:24,220 --> 00:38:29,300
ุดูŠุก ุนุธูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ streaking ู„ู€ meridian
403
00:38:29,300 --> 00:38:33,720
of the correct axis as you move away from the
404
00:38:33,720 --> 00:38:37,600
correct axis the streak reflex becomes wider ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
405
00:38:37,600 --> 00:38:44,460
ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุจู„ุงุฌุฏ ุถูˆุก
406
00:38:44,460 --> 00:38:50,680
ุถูŠู‚ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุจุนุช ุถูˆุกูŠ ูˆ ุฎู„ุชู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนูŠุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุฏู„ 90
407
00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:56,190
ุฎู„ุชู‡ 60 ุงูˆ 50ุจู„ ุงุฌูŠุจ ูˆุดุนุฑ ุงุนูˆุฏ ุงุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†
408
00:38:56,190 --> 00:39:02,450
ุจุตูŠุฑ ุถูŠู‚ ุงุญุท ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุจุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุดุนุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
409
00:39:02,450 --> 00:39:09,270
ู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ุงุด ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุนุฏู„ ุงูˆ ุงุนุฏู„ ุถูˆุฆูŠ ู„ูŠุชู…ุงุดู‰ ู…ุน ุทุจูŠุนุฉ
410
00:39:09,270 --> 00:39:14,390
ุงู„ meridian ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ meridian ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
411
00:39:14,390 --> 00:39:20,070
reflex ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ู„ูŠู‡
412
00:39:20,070 --> 00:39:27,610
ุจุถูŠู‚ ุจุงู„ุบู„ุทุจูŠุถูŠู‚ ุจุงู„ุตุญ ูˆุจูŠุชูˆุณุน ุจุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‡ุฑู‘ูƒ ููŠ
413
00:39:27,610 --> 00:39:34,070
ุงู„ุตุญ ุถูˆุฆูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุถูˆุฆูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุตุญ ุจ sleep ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‡ุฑูƒู‡ ู…ุน
414
00:39:34,070 --> 00:39:39,410
ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุจุตูŠุฑ narrow ู„ู…ุง ุฃุจูŠุถู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
415
00:39:39,410 --> 00:39:46,370
ุจุตูŠุฑ wide ุฒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง wide ูˆ narrow wide ุจุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ูˆ
416
00:39:46,370 --> 00:39:55,920
narrow ุจุงู„ุตุญ ุทุจ ุงู†ุช ู†ุณุชูŠุทุจุนุง ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจู‚ูˆู„ the streak
417
00:39:55,920 --> 00:39:59,760
reflex appears brightest when you are streaking
418
00:39:59,760 --> 00:40:04,320
the meridian ุงู„ correct axis ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุฑูˆุญุช ุจุนูŠุฏ
419
00:40:04,320 --> 00:40:12,600
ุนู†ู‡ ุงูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงูŠุด ุฏู…ุŸ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฏู… ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง
420
00:40:12,600 --> 00:40:20,180
ู„ู…ุง ุงูˆุฌู‡ ุถูˆุกูŠ ุตุญ ุตุญ ุตุญ ุจุตูŠุฑ bright ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุจุฏ ุจุตูŠุฑ
421
00:40:20,180 --> 00:40:26,140
ุฏู… ุฏู… ุฏู… ุฏู…ูˆู‡ูŠ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ุง ุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนูŠู†
422
00:40:26,140 --> 00:40:30,620
ููŠู‡ุง ุงุณุชุฌู…ุงุชูŠุฒูŠ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุตุจุนูƒ ุงู„ index finger
423
00:40:30,620 --> 00:40:42,000
ูˆุดูˆููŠ ูˆู‚ุชุด ุจุตูŠุฑ more dim ูˆู‚ุชุด ุจุตูŠุฑ more bright ุทูŠุจ
424
00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:46,760
ุงู„ break ููŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู†ู‡ุŸ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู†
425
00:40:46,760 --> 00:40:49,660
ุงู„ reflex ูˆุจูŠู† ุถูˆุก ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
426
00:40:53,840 --> 00:41:01,440
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ break ู„ู…ุง ุฃุนุฏู‘ู„ ุถูˆุกูŠ ูˆ ุฃุตุจุญ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุณูŠุตุจุญ
427
00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:08,940
ู…ุงุŸ ุณูŠุตุจุญ ู…ุงููŠุด break ุจู„ ุงู„ break ุงู„ุชูƒุณุฑ ู‡ุฐุง in
428
00:41:08,940 --> 00:41:11,900
higher amounts of astigmatism the red reflex will
429
00:41:11,900 --> 00:41:16,460
tend to stay on axis even if the streak is rotated
430
00:41:16,460 --> 00:41:22,760
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ reflex ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ streak
431
00:41:24,290 --> 00:41:31,050
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฎุทุฃ ูู„ุง ุฃุบูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„
432
00:41:31,050 --> 00:41:34,890
reflex ุฃู†ุง
433
00:41:34,890 --> 00:41:41,790
ุจุถุทุฑ ุฃู† ุฃุนู…ู„ ุถูˆุก ุตุญ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ู„ ูŠ breakุŸ
434
00:41:41,790 --> 00:41:47,870
ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฎุทุฃุŒ ู…ุงููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุตุญ
435
00:41:47,870 --> 00:41:56,370
ู‡ู„ ูŠ breakุŸุฃู…ุง skew ูู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
436
00:41:56,370 --> 00:42:05,670
ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู†ุญุฑุงู ู…ุงููŠุด ุชูˆุงูู‚ ุจูŠู† ุถูˆุกูŠ
437
00:42:05,670 --> 00:42:10,390
ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ reflex skew
438
00:42:10,390 --> 00:42:18,750
ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงุนุฑู ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุญู„ ู„ skew ุงู†ุง ุงุนุฏู„ ุถูˆุกูŠ
439
00:42:18,750 --> 00:42:25,550
ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉุจุฎุชููŠ skill ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุช
440
00:42:25,550 --> 00:42:33,670
ุจุชุนู…ู„ verification ุงู†ุช ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงุซุจุงุช ูˆุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ูƒ
441
00:42:33,670 --> 00:42:39,230
ููŠ ุงู„ good axis ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ correct axis ูุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
442
00:42:39,230 --> 00:42:44,210
ู‡ุชุทู„ุนู„ูƒ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู†ุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุบู„ุจุช ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุจุชุตู„ ู„ู„
443
00:42:44,210 --> 00:42:51,820
axis ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุจุชุนุฑูู‡ ุฒูŠ ู†ุดุงู† ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ู†ุดุงู†ุฅู† ูƒู†ุชูˆุง
444
00:42:51,820 --> 00:43:01,160
ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง ู†ุดุงู† ูƒู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุฎุดุจ ุดุนุจุฉ ูˆู†ุญุท
445
00:43:01,160 --> 00:43:05,180
ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ
446
00:43:05,180 --> 00:43:12,940
ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุนุตููˆุฑ ูˆู†ุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ู†ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
447
00:43:12,940 --> 00:43:17,780
ูŠุตูŠุจ ููƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฃู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุถูŠู‚ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช
448
00:43:17,780 --> 00:43:23,520
ุฃุญุณู† ูƒูŠู ุชู‚ุตู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุฃุถูŠู‚ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆุณุน ูƒู†ุช
449
00:43:23,520 --> 00:43:26,360
ูุงูƒุฑู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชุฌูŠุจู‡ ุฎุทุฃ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌุงูŠุจู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ุซู„ุง
450
00:43:26,360 --> 00:43:30,200
ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงู†ุชูŠ ู„ุฃ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฎู…ุณ ุณุงู†ุชูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ุงู†ูŠ
451
00:43:30,200 --> 00:43:36,500
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูˆ ู‡ุงู†ุง ุฒูŠูƒ how to
452
00:43:36,500 --> 00:43:45,080
diagnose the correct location or axis of ุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุฏู‡
453
00:43:45,080 --> 00:43:48,600
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ axis of a cylinder
454
00:43:52,080 --> 00:43:57,000
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุณูƒูŠู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ if we streak a meridian that is
455
00:43:57,000 --> 00:44:02,040
away from the meridian ุจุนูŠุฏุง ุนู† ุงู„ meridian of the
456
00:44:02,040 --> 00:44:04,900
correct axis the reflex will tend to travel along
457
00:44:04,900 --> 00:44:07,140
correct meridian rather than follow the streak
458
00:44:07,140 --> 00:44:11,480
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ reflex ู…ุง ุจูŠุทูˆุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ reflex ู‡ุฐุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡
459
00:44:11,480 --> 00:44:18,400
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูุถู„ ู‡ูˆ ุตุญ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุตุญ ูˆุฎุทุฃ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุถูˆุก ุงู†ุง ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ
460
00:44:18,400 --> 00:44:20,580
ุถูˆุก ุงู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ
461
00:44:23,520 --> 00:44:28,560
ุงุนุฏู„ ุงุนุฏู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู„ู‡ุง ุฑุตูŠู ุงู†ุง ุจุณูˆู‚ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู†ุง
462
00:44:28,560 --> 00:44:30,540
ุจุฏุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุตูŠู ุทุจ ูˆ ุฑุตูŠู ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
463
00:44:30,540 --> 00:44:34,220
ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
464
00:44:34,220 --> 00:44:34,360
ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
465
00:44:34,360 --> 00:44:34,540
ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
466
00:44:34,540 --> 00:44:35,540
ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
467
00:44:35,540 --> 00:44:43,320
ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
468
00:44:43,320 --> 00:44:47,840
ุงูŠ
469
00:44:48,790 --> 00:44:53,530
ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุธูˆุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูุถู„ Struggling
470
00:44:53,530 --> 00:45:00,290
Struggling ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุฌูŠุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงูุฑุถ ุงู†ูŠ
471
00:45:00,290 --> 00:45:08,330
ุงู†ุง ุถู†ู†ุช ุงู† ุงุญุณู† ุดูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู„ axis ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†
472
00:45:08,330 --> 00:45:15,110
90 degree good axis ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจุณ ุจุชุฌุฑู‰
473
00:45:15,110 --> 00:45:18,480
ุชุซุจุชู‡ุง ุฏู‡ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุงุซุจุช ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงุนู…ู„
474
00:45:18,480 --> 00:45:23,440
straddling ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ straddlingุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
475
00:45:23,440 --> 00:45:29,220
ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ
476
00:45:29,220 --> 00:45:35,100
ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ
477
00:45:35,100 --> 00:45:40,060
ุญุท ุถุคุงูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุญุท ุถุคุงูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช
478
00:45:40,060 --> 00:45:53,140
ุงุฎุชุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†ูˆู‚ุงุฑู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ 135 ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูˆุถุญ ูˆุฃุณุฑุน ู…ู†
479
00:45:53,140 --> 00:45:59,200
ุงู„ 90 ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ 90 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆุถุญ ูˆุฃุณุฑุน ูˆ more bright
480
00:45:59,200 --> 00:46:03,300
ุชุนุฑููŠู†
481
00:46:03,300 --> 00:46:07,670
ุถุฏู‡ุง ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ู† ู‚ุงู„ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡
482
00:46:07,670 --> 00:46:10,750
ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุชู…ุงู… ุฅุฌุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ axis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ
483
00:46:10,750 --> 00:46:15,110
ุฃุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู„ู‡ ุนุฏุณุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจุญุท ุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุช
484
00:46:15,110 --> 00:46:18,090
ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ axis ู„ุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
485
00:46:18,090 --> 00:46:23,930
axis ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุญุท ุงู„ lenses ูุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูˆ ุฃูŠู† ุงู„ axis
486
00:46:23,930 --> 00:46:28,090
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุชู‡ุง ุงู„ axis ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฅุดูŠ
487
00:46:28,090 --> 00:46:33,620
ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ neutral point ุจุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌ ุจุตู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุงูุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช
488
00:46:33,620 --> 00:46:37,400
ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ู‚ุจู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ ุณุงุนุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุทุจ
489
00:46:37,400 --> 00:46:41,200
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ู‡ูŠูˆ
490
00:46:41,200 --> 00:46:46,120
ุงุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด struggling
491
00:46:46,120 --> 00:46:51,700
ุงุนู…ู„ูŠ streaking ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ู‚ุงุฑู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
492
00:46:51,700 --> 00:46:55,640
ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆุถูˆุญู‡ ูˆ ุดุฑุนุชู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ thickness ุจุชุงุนู‡ ูˆ
493
00:46:55,640 --> 00:47:02,620
ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ู…ูŠู† ุฃุญุณู†ุŸุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู†ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†
494
00:47:02,620 --> 00:47:13,400
ุงุทู„ุนู„ู‰ 135 ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆุดูˆู ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ูˆ
495
00:47:13,400 --> 00:47:18,220
ุงู„ูˆุถูˆุญ ูˆ ุงู„ thickness ุฃุญุณู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ ู„ุง 135ุŸ
496
00:47:18,220 --> 00:47:25,760
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุฃ 135 ุฃุญุณู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู‡ ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ 135 ุฃุญุณู† ุฅุฐุง
497
00:47:25,760 --> 00:47:32,260
ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ู„ 135ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ Struggling ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‡
498
00:47:32,260 --> 00:47:39,740
ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ูˆุงู†ุง ุนุฌุจู†ูŠ ุดุนุฑ ุฒู…ุงู† ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุง ูŠุณู„ู… ุงู„ุดุฑู
499
00:47:39,740 --> 00:47:48,640
ุงู„ุฑููŠุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฐู‰ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุฑุงู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูˆุงู†ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฏู… ูƒูŠูุŸ ู‚ุงู„
500
00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:53,960
ุงู„ุดุฑู ุงู„ุฑููŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุฏุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุณู„ู…
501
00:47:53,960 --> 00:47:58,930
ุงู„ุดุฑู ุงู„ุฑููŠุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฐู‰ุญุชู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุญุจ ูŠุนู…ู„ Escape Dam
502
00:47:58,930 --> 00:48:06,970
ุญุชู‰ ูŠุฑุงู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูˆุงู†ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆู‡ุฐุง Straddling ุนู„ู‰
503
00:48:06,970 --> 00:48:13,790
ุฌูˆุงู†ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฏู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑุช ุงู„ 90 ุจุฏูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡
504
00:48:13,790 --> 00:48:19,110
ุจุงู„ 45 ุฌุงุจ ู†ุญุท ุนุฏุณุงุช ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ 125 ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
505
00:48:19,110 --> 00:48:24,170
ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ 90 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฎู„ุงุต ูƒู ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู†
506
00:48:25,200 --> 00:48:32,820
ุงู„ู‚ุชุงู„ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌูŠุช ุงู„ 45 ุงูˆ 135 ุงุญุณู† ูุงู„ุฑุฌูˆู…
507
00:48:32,820 --> 00:48:40,060
ู„ู„ุญู‚ ูุถูŠู„ุฉ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ ูˆ ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุญุณู† ุฌุงุจ ู…ุง ุญุท
508
00:48:40,060 --> 00:48:44,720
ุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุทุจ ุงู†ุช ุงูุฑุถ ุทุงู„ู…ุงูƒ ุงู„
509
00:48:44,720 --> 00:48:50,780
45 ุงุญุณู† ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุนู…ู„ straddling ู„ 45 ุทุจ ูˆ ุงูŠู† ุงู„
510
00:48:50,780 --> 00:48:52,120
straddling ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ 45
511
00:48:56,210 --> 00:49:03,490
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฃุญุณู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
512
00:49:03,490 --> 00:49:09,130
ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
513
00:49:09,130 --> 00:49:13,570
ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุญ ุจูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃุณุงุณ ุจุดุชุบู„ ุจุนูŠุฏ ุจุนูŠุฏ
514
00:49:13,570 --> 00:49:19,610
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู†ุงูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ
515
00:49:19,610 --> 00:49:26,500
ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุตุญ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุฌุฑูŠุจ ูˆู„ุง ุจุนูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุงุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง
516
00:49:26,500 --> 00:49:30,960
ุงุชุญู…ู„ุช ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู‡ 45 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุบู„ุท ููŠ ุงู„ 45 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู„ูƒู†
517
00:49:30,960 --> 00:49:34,080
ุงู†ุง ุบู„ุท ููŠ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ูƒุงูŠู†
518
00:49:34,080 --> 00:49:42,280
ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุงูŠุด struggling ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‡ ุงู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง
519
00:49:42,280 --> 00:49:46,420
ู…ุด ู…ู„ุฒู… ู„ูƒู… ุตุญ ู…ู„ุฒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ู…ู„ุฒู… ุงู†
520
00:49:46,420 --> 00:49:51,220
ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ุฃ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงูŠุนุฑู ู…ูŠู‡
521
00:49:51,220 --> 00:49:56,100
ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠูƒูŠู ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ุน ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุจุณ ูŠุงู„ู…ุง
522
00:49:56,100 --> 00:50:01,180
ูŠุณุฃู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ูƒู„ ุทูŠุจ
523
00:50:01,180 --> 00:50:08,900
ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ 45 ูˆ 135 ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
524
00:50:08,900 --> 00:50:14,400
ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ
525
00:50:14,400 --> 00:50:19,320
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุทู„ุน
526
00:50:19,320 --> 00:50:24,910
ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุน ุฌู†ุจู‡ 45 ูˆุน ุฌู†ุจู‡ 45ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ
527
00:50:24,910 --> 00:50:31,850
straddling ุชู†ุณูˆุด ูƒู„ู…ุฉ straddling ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ
528
00:50:31,850 --> 00:50:37,770
ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
529
00:50:37,770 --> 00:50:45,010
ู„ุณู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุญุท ุณููŠุฑ .. ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุญุท .. ุฃู‡ ุฃู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
530
00:50:45,010 --> 00:50:45,710
ู„ุณู‡ ุจุฏุฑูŠ
531
00:50:48,890 --> 00:50:54,790
ุฃู†ุง ุณููŠุฑ ..ู…ุงุดูŠ ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู… ุฃู†ุง ุณููŠุฑ ุฎู„ุตุช ู…ู†ู‡ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช
532
00:50:54,790 --> 00:50:59,210
ุจุณููŠุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ุตุช ูˆุงุญุฏ meridian ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุตุงุฑ
533
00:50:59,210 --> 00:51:04,010
ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠู‡ ุฎู„ุงุต ูˆุตู„ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„
534
00:51:04,010 --> 00:51:07,270
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุชุบู„ู‡
535
00:51:07,270 --> 00:51:11,610
ุฃู†ุง ุจุณููŠุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุฃุญุท ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ..ุฃุณู ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง
536
00:51:11,610 --> 00:51:15,030
ุฃุญุท ุงู„ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃูŠู† ุฃุญุท ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง
537
00:51:17,670 --> 00:51:21,990
ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญุท ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุตุญ ุงู† ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุฐุง
538
00:51:21,990 --> 00:51:28,050
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุงูŠ
539
00:51:28,050 --> 00:51:33,950
ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ
540
00:51:33,950 --> 00:51:40,590
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุชุญุทูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ axis
541
00:51:40,590 --> 00:51:47,980
ุฃูˆ cylinder ุตุญ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุจุฏุฃูŠ ุชุญุทูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุณุงุณ ู„ุณู‡
542
00:51:47,980 --> 00:51:51,020
ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุถุน ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู†ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุถุน ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู†ุฏุฑ ูˆูƒูŠู
543
00:51:51,020 --> 00:51:58,140
ุฃุถุน ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู†ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุณู‡ ุชุฃุณูŠุณ ู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฑูุชู‡ ูƒูŠู ุงู„
544
00:51:58,140 --> 00:52:05,640
thickness phenomenon ุนุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ intensity skew ู„ูˆ
545
00:52:05,640 --> 00:52:10,940
ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุนู…ู„ struggling ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
546
00:52:10,940 --> 00:52:16,120
ู„ู…ุง ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ axis ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃูุถู„ู…ุซู„ุง plus
547
00:52:16,120 --> 00:52:20,180
ุฃูุถุช ู†ุต ุซู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ุซู… ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู€ streaking
548
00:52:20,180 --> 00:52:24,060
ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูŠุฌุง ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ุชู…ุงู… ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
549
00:52:24,060 --> 00:52:28,800
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู€ cylinder ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
550
00:52:28,800 --> 00:52:32,900
ุจุณููŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุณููŠุฑู‡ cylinder ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุณููŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
551
00:52:32,900 --> 00:52:42,440
cylinder ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุตุนุจุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
552
00:52:45,980 --> 00:52:49,360
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุจูŠุบู„ุจ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุฃุตู„ูŠ
553
00:52:49,360 --> 00:52:54,860
not genuine ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸ
554
00:52:54,860 --> 00:53:00,820
ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸ
555
00:53:00,820 --> 00:53:08,260
not genuine ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด genuine ูŠุง ุฃุจูˆ ุญู…ุฒุฉ ุจูŠุบู„ุจ ู…ุด
556
00:53:08,260 --> 00:53:10,920
ุฃุตู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุทูŠุจ
557
00:53:15,750 --> 00:53:21,370
ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู„ู„ุงุฎุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทูŠุจ
558
00:53:21,370 --> 00:53:27,490
ุฎู„ุตุช straddlingุŸ the next step is to neutralize
559
00:53:27,490 --> 00:53:33,410
the astigmatism with plus cylinder power ุญุฏุฏู†ุง ุงู„
560
00:53:33,410 --> 00:53:39,890
access ูŠู„ุง ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุญุท ุนุฏุณุงุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ remember ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงูŠุดุŸ
561
00:53:39,890 --> 00:53:45,210
ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู†ุง ุงูˆู„ ุงุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุตู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงูŠุดุŸุจุณููŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
562
00:53:45,210 --> 00:53:49,130
already ุจุณููŠุฑ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ the meridian ninety
563
00:53:49,130 --> 00:53:55,410
degree away ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ still ู…ุง with motion we
564
00:53:55,410 --> 00:53:58,090
begin by streaking the meridian that has the
565
00:53:58,090 --> 00:54:03,230
brightest narrowest reflex ุฎู„ุตู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู‡ ูˆู„ูƒู†
566
00:54:03,230 --> 00:54:07,370
since we are using plus cylinder lens ูŠุงู„ุง ุฅูŠุด
567
00:54:07,370 --> 00:54:13,100
ู‡ู†ุญุท ุงู„ axis ุจุชุงุนู‡ุงุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ meridian in other
568
00:54:13,100 --> 00:54:17,360
words ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุญุทูŠู‡ุง ููŠ
569
00:54:17,360 --> 00:54:22,720
ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุงู‡ ูˆ ุถูˆุกูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ meridianูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
570
00:54:22,720 --> 00:54:29,890
ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู†ุง ุงู„ meridian ุจุชุงุนูŠ ู…ุน ุถูˆุกูŠุฃุณู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
571
00:54:29,890 --> 00:54:34,970
ุงู„ .. ุงู„ meridian ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุถูˆุกูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ุถูˆุกูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน
572
00:54:34,970 --> 00:54:38,150
ุงู„ axis ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุถูˆุกูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ axis ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ
573
00:54:38,150 --> 00:54:43,530
ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ 90 ุงู‡ ุจุท ุงู„ axis of ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ
574
00:54:43,530 --> 00:54:47,910
ููŠ ุงู„ 180 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ axis ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ axis ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ
575
00:54:47,910 --> 00:54:52,970
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ meridian ุฎู„ุงุต ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุงู„ meridian ุทูŠุจ
576
00:54:56,860 --> 00:55:07,060
ุจู†ุญุท plus cylinder ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต
577
00:55:07,060 --> 00:55:09,940
ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต
578
00:55:09,940 --> 00:55:10,380
ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต
579
00:55:10,380 --> 00:55:11,800
ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต
580
00:55:11,800 --> 00:55:14,300
ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต
581
00:55:22,160 --> 00:55:30,900
ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุจุญุท ุงู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ู…ุซู„ ุงูŠุด approaching neutral
582
00:55:30,900 --> 00:55:37,440
point ุฃูˆ neutrality by plus cylinder power ุงูŠุด
583
00:55:37,440 --> 00:55:45,320
ุงู„ end point neutral point ุตุฑุช ุงู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ
584
00:55:45,320 --> 00:55:49,440
ุงุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ reflex ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ with ูˆู„ุง against ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
585
00:55:49,440 --> 00:55:57,350
ุฃู‚ููˆู„ุง ุฃุชู‚ุฏู… ู…ุงุชู‚ุฏู…ุด ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ neutral
586
00:55:57,350 --> 00:56:01,850
point ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุณุน neutral point ุฃูˆ reflex the
587
00:56:01,850 --> 00:56:05,390
reflex may appear neutral over a wide range ุงูŠุด
588
00:56:05,390 --> 00:56:13,710
wide rangeุŸ ู…ุฏู‰ ุจุนูŠุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ of power settings ูŠุจู‚ู‰
589
00:56:13,710 --> 00:56:17,050
ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒ ุญูุฑุฉ
590
00:56:19,720 --> 00:56:26,100
ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู…ุถูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู† ู‚ุฏู…ูŠ ุชุตุจุญ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉุŸ ูˆ ู„ุง
591
00:56:26,100 --> 00:56:32,700
ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุฃู‚ู ูˆ ุฃู†ุธุฑ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ูƒู…
592
00:56:32,700 --> 00:56:37,700
ู‡ูŠุŸ ูƒูŠู ู‡ูŠุŸ ุฃู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุถู‚ุช ู‚ุฏู…ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ูู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู†
593
00:56:37,700 --> 00:56:44,440
ุฑุฃุณูŠ ุญุตูŠุฑ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ neutral point ุจุฏุง ุดูŠุก ู…ู†
594
00:56:44,440 --> 00:56:48,880
ุงู„ุญุฐุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุฅู† ุฃุตุจุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ูƒูŠูุŸ ู„ุง ุชูƒู…ู„
595
00:56:49,740 --> 00:56:55,760
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ verification ุจุนุฏูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุทูŠุจ
596
00:56:55,760 --> 00:57:02,660
ุทูŠุจ
597
00:57:02,660 --> 00:57:12,220
ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุนุงุฏู„ least with least with ู‡ุฐูŠ
598
00:57:12,220 --> 00:57:19,470
ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† hypermetrop ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุงู…ุชุฑูˆุจleast with ุทุจ ู„ูˆ
599
00:57:19,470 --> 00:57:28,270
ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ against ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุจู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ against
600
00:57:28,270 --> 00:57:36,810
ุจู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ most against ุฃุนุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
601
00:57:36,810 --> 00:57:43,630
ุจุนุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ least with ุฃูˆ ุงู„ most againstูˆู‡ุฐุง
602
00:57:43,630 --> 00:57:48,370
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฎุจุฑุฉ most
603
00:57:48,370 --> 00:57:55,370
experienced heteroscopist ุฃู†ู‡ ุดูˆู ุงู„ width ู…ูŠู†
604
00:57:55,370 --> 00:57:59,590
ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู„ู„ width ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ if ูƒุงู†ูˆุง against
605
00:57:59,590 --> 00:58:07,150
ู…ูŠู† ุฃุจุนุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทูŠุจ the
606
00:58:07,150 --> 00:58:10,730
meridian that has thinnest quickest
607
00:58:12,090 --> 00:58:22,670
with movement ูˆูŠุญุทูˆุง ู…ุนู‡ุง brightest ูˆthinnest
608
00:58:22,670 --> 00:58:26,650
ูˆquickest is the appropriate meridian to
609
00:58:26,650 --> 00:58:29,950
neutralize the first biosphere ู‡ุงูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
610
00:58:29,950 --> 00:58:36,590
biosphere this will make the second narrow
611
00:58:39,090 --> 00:58:42,410
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ neutrality ุจุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด
612
00:58:42,410 --> 00:58:51,710
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู†ุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ
613
00:58:51,710 --> 00:58:58,290
neutral ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฌุฑุจ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† .. ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ูƒูŠูุŸ
614
00:58:58,290 --> 00:59:04,810
ูƒุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุถูŠู‚ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆุงุณุน ู„ู…ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
615
00:59:04,810 --> 00:59:10,290
ุจุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏุฃ ูŠู‚ุชุฑุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ูŠู‚ุชุฑุจ ู‡ุฐุง
616
00:59:10,290 --> 00:59:18,070
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ุณููŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ูˆุงุถุญ
617
00:59:18,070 --> 00:59:30,450
ุทูŠุจ plus
618
00:59:30,450 --> 00:59:34,890
ุณู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุทูŠุจ
619
00:59:34,890 --> 00:59:38,850
ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุฏุฑุณ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ minus ู…ุด ู‡ุฎุด ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
620
00:59:40,770 --> 00:59:44,750
ู…ุด ู‡ุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ minus cylinder ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ุด ู†ู„ุนุจ ููŠ
621
00:59:44,750 --> 00:59:47,590
ุจุนุถู‡ ุจุณ ุจู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุนู…ู„
622
00:59:47,590 --> 00:59:53,410
discussion ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ plus cylinder ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฌุงู†ูŠู†ู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ
623
00:59:53,410 --> 00:59:57,910
ูˆ ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ quiz ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
624
00:59:57,910 --> 01:00:02,850
plus cylinder ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุธูˆุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
625
01:00:02,850 --> 01:00:08,610
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุงู„ู€ intensity ูˆ ุงู„ thickness ูˆ ุงู„
626
01:00:08,610 --> 01:00:13,950
intensity ูˆ ุงู„ skew ูˆ ุงู„ break ูˆ straddling ุนุดุงู†
627
01:00:13,950 --> 01:00:18,570
ู†ุนู…ู„ discussion ุนุดุงู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฏูŠ ู„ู„ minus ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณู‡ู„
628
01:00:18,570 --> 01:00:23,770
ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู… ูˆ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู