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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
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ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ุฑุงุญ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ anatomy
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of the spinal cord anatomy of the spinal cord is
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very important spinal cord ูŠุนุชุจุฑ extra cranial
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part of central nervous system the spinal cord is
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extracranial part of the central nervous system
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enclosed inside the vertebral column ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
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ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ spinal canal ููŠ ุงู„ vertebral column
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anatomy of the spinal cord ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† anatomy of
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spinal cord shape ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ shape compressed
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cylindrical column ูŠุนุชุจุฑ compressed cylindrical
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column number of neurons in human spinal cord
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ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู„ุชุงุดุฑ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู neurons
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length of human spinal cord ุทูˆู„ spinal cord ู…ุชูˆุณุท
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ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ male ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณุงู†ุชูŠ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ female
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ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณุงู†ุชูŠ weightof human spinal cord
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ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ spinal cord ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… ุดูˆููˆุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
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ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… ูˆุฒู† ู…ู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู†
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ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ุชูˆุณุท ู„ุฑุงุฌู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณุช ุณุชูŠู† ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… okay
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ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… ูˆุฒู† spinal cord ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒุงู†
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spinal cord ูƒุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุดู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุจุงุนูŠ
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ุดู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุจุงุนูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
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ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ุงdiameter about one centimeter ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ diameter ุจุชุงุนู‡ location
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it is located in the spinal canal ุงูˆ vertebral
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canal ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ spinal cord ูˆ beginning
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beginning ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ spinal cord ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„
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spinal cord ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† level of foramen magnum ุงูˆ
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ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ูˆ continuation of medulla oblongata ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
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continuation of medulla oblongata
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ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ spinal cord ุจุจุฏุฃ ุนู„ู‰ level four of
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the magnum ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ ููŠ main ููŠ spinal canal ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„
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vertebral canal
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termination of the spinal cord ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ termination
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of the spinal cord ู…ู‡ู… ู‚ูŠู„ู†ุง ูƒุฃุฎุตูŠูŠู† ุฃุนุตุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ
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ุฃุฎุตูŠ ุฃูˆ ุทุจูŠุจ ุนุดุงู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน lumbar puncture ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุงุฎุฏ
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ุนูŠู†ุฉ CSF ู…ู† spinal canal termination of the spinal
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cord depends at the age of patient ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุฌู†ูŠู†
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ุณุชูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุฌู‡ุงุถ abortion ูˆูŠุดุฑุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†
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ุจู†ุฌุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ spinal cord ููŠ ุงู„ third month of
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intrauterine life fills the whole spinal canal
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ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ spinal cord ู…ุนุจูŠ ูƒู„ spinal canal ุนู†ุฏ
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ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุญู…ู„ at birth
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ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉุจุตู„ ุงู„ spinal cord ู„ level of L3
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vertebra ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุตู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ L3
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vertebraุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ adult ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ adult ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ
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ุงู„ adult ู„ lower border of ุฃู„ูˆุงู† lower border of
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ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง lumber ุงูŠู‡ segment
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lumber ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุดุฑู‘ุงุญู†ุง ุฌู†ูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† spinal cord
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ู…ุนุจู‘ูŠ ูƒู„ spinal canalุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ spinal
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cord ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ lower border of
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lumbar 3 vertebra ุงู„ adult ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
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lower border of first lumbar vertebra ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง
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ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุนู…ู„ lumber puncture ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† adultู…ู…ูƒู†
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ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ lumber puncture ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ L4 L5 ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนู…ู„ู‡
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ L3 L4 ุตูˆุฑูˆุง ุงู†ุง ููŠ field ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุชุด ุงููˆุช
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L4 L5 ุจุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงุนู„ู‰ ูˆ
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ุจุนู…ู„ lumber puncture ูˆ ุจุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† L3 L4 ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏ
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ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏูŠุซูŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ Contra indication ู„ูŠู‡ุŸู„ุฃู†
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ุงู„ spinal cord ูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ lower border of L3 vertebra
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ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช lumbar puncture ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ L3 L4
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนู…ู„ injury ู„ spinal cord ูˆ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ
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paraplegia ุงูˆ ููŠ sphincter dysfunction urine and
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stool incontinence ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ intro
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uterine life ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ spinal cordู…ุนุจูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„
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spinal canal ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูƒุจุฑ ุญุฏูŠุซูŠ ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุตุงุฑ ูƒุจุฑ ุงู„
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vertebral colon ุจุณ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู„ spinal cord
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ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ spinal cord ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„
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lower border of L3 ู„ูƒู† ููŠุงู„ู€ Adult ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ
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ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ spinal cord ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ lower
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border of L1 ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ spinal cord ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุŸ
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ lower border of lumbar first vertebra
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What's the functions of spinal cordุŸ ุงูŠุด ุงู„
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functions ุจุชุงุน spinal cordุŸThe first function is
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conduction function conduction function ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
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ุชูˆุตูŠู„ ุชูˆุตูŠู„ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ from the brain and to the
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brain ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ fibers
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ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุจู‚ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ascending tract ุงู„
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tract ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ุน ุงู„ sensation ูˆุน ุงู„ุฅุญุณุงุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูˆุตู„
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ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† spinal cord to the brain ู„ู„ุฏู…ุงุบุงู„ุนูƒุณุฉ ู‡ูŠ
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descending tracks ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
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ุงู„ motor function ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง conduct motor
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impulses from the brain to the spinal cord ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†
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ุงู„ brain ู„ุฅูŠู‡ spinal cord ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ู„ู„ spinal
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cord ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡conduction function for ascending and
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descending tracks ุงูˆ for sensory and motor tracks
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the second function is reflex center ุงู„ spinal
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cord ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ reflex center ู„ุงู„
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00:07:19,890 --> 00:07:23,690
spinal reflex ูŠุนุชุจุฑ integrative area ุงูŠุด
90
00:07:23,690 --> 00:07:28,190
integrative area ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ reflex center ุจุชุงุนุฉ
91
00:07:28,190 --> 00:07:33,550
ุงู„ spinal reflexesู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ reflex ุงุณู…ู‡ knee jerk
92
00:07:33,550 --> 00:07:43,230
ูˆุงุถุญ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงู„ู‡ู…ุฑ ุถุฑุจู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ tendons ุจุชุงุนุฉ
93
00:07:43,230 --> 00:07:51,790
ุงู„ quadriceps muscle ุฑุงุญุช ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจ sensory fibers
94
00:07:51,790 --> 00:07:56,470
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ femoral nerve ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ posterior root
95
00:07:56,470 --> 00:08:02,570
of spinal cordุฏู‚ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู€ posterior horn
96
00:08:02,570 --> 00:08:08,850
cells ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ posterior horn cells ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
97
00:08:08,850 --> 00:08:12,390
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Inter neurons ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง integrative
98
00:08:12,390 --> 00:08:17,250
function ู„ู„ู€ reflex center ูˆ ุจุชุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุงู„
99
00:08:17,250 --> 00:08:22,070
motor fibers ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ anterior root of
100
00:08:22,070 --> 00:08:26,950
spinal nerveุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ motor fibers ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„
101
00:08:26,950 --> 00:08:31,570
femoral nerve ูˆ ุจุชุบุฏูŠู†ู‡ุง quadriceps muscle ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
102
00:08:31,570 --> 00:08:35,830
contraction ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ quadriceps muscle ูˆ
103
00:08:35,830 --> 00:08:37,730
ุงู„ quadriceps muscle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡
104
00:08:37,730 --> 00:08:42,950
extension ู„ู„ knee ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ knee jerk knee
105
00:08:42,950 --> 00:08:49,650
jerk ุงูˆ knee reflex ุชู…ุงู…
106
00:08:49,650 --> 00:08:53,170
ุฑุงุญ ู†ุดุฑุญู‡ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ motor system ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
107
00:08:54,820 --> 00:09:01,220
ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู€ spinal cord ู„ู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง reflex center
108
00:09:01,220 --> 00:09:05,840
ุงู„ู€ meninges of the spinal cord ุงุญู†ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุง ุงู„
109
00:09:05,840 --> 00:09:11,180
meninges ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ brain ุงู„ spinal cord is
110
00:09:11,180 --> 00:09:16,080
covered by three membranes ุงูˆ three meninges ู…ู†
111
00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:20,280
ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ
112
00:09:21,950 --> 00:09:26,450
ุฃุฑูƒู†ูˆูŠุฏ ู…ุทุฑ ูˆุฏูŠูˆุฑุง ู…ุทุฑ ุจูŠู‡ ู…ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ุญู†ูˆู†ุฉ
113
00:09:26,450 --> 00:09:30,330
ุฃุฑูƒู†ูˆูŠุฏ ู…ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ุนู†ูƒุจูˆุชูŠุฉ ูˆุฏูŠูˆุฑุง ู…ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…
114
00:09:30,330 --> 00:09:33,990
ุงู„ุฌุงููŠุฉ ูˆุงุชูุฌู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ุฏูŠูˆุฑุง ู…ุทุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ brain ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุงู„
115
00:09:33,990 --> 00:09:37,230
two layers ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ุฏูŠูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ venous sinuses
116
00:09:37,230 --> 00:09:42,410
ุฃู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† one layer one layer
117
00:09:42,410 --> 00:09:47,690
ุจูŠู‡ ู…ุทุฑclosely adherent ูˆุงุชูุฌู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู… ุญู†ูˆู†ุฉ
118
00:09:47,690 --> 00:09:50,990
ู…ู„ุชุตู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุตุงู‚ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ spinal cord ููŠ ุงู„
119
00:09:50,990 --> 00:09:55,990
brain ูƒู…ุงู† ends ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุงุก ุณุคุงู„ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„
120
00:09:55,990 --> 00:09:59,050
termination ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ biomatter ูˆ ุญุท ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ
121
00:09:59,050 --> 00:10:03,590
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุด ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูƒู… ุนู…ุฑู‡ ู„ูˆ
122
00:10:03,590 --> 00:10:10,710
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ newborn ุงูˆ ู„ู„ adult ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ biomatter
123
00:10:10,710 --> 00:10:17,880
ends atthe level of spinal cord termination ูŠุนู†ูŠ
124
00:10:17,880 --> 00:10:22,900
ุงู„ู€ Pia mater ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ู„ู€ spinal cord ุฅุฐุง
125
00:10:22,900 --> 00:10:27,140
ุฃุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† newborn ุฑุงุญ ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lower border
126
00:10:27,140 --> 00:10:33,200
of ุงู„ three vertebra ู„ูˆ ุฃุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ adult ุฑุงุญ
127
00:10:33,200 --> 00:10:40,360
ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lower border of first lumbar vertebra
128
00:10:40,360 --> 00:10:44,680
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ adultุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ continuous as filium terminal
129
00:10:44,680 --> 00:10:48,260
ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ filium terminal ุฒูŠ
130
00:10:48,260 --> 00:10:50,720
ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ ligament ุตุบูŠุฑ filium terminal ููŠ
131
00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:53,760
ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ film filium terminal ุฅูŠุด
132
00:10:53,760 --> 00:10:57,780
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ attachment ู„ ุงู„ back of the coccyx
133
00:10:57,780 --> 00:11:02,460
ุนุดุงู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง fixation ู„ ุงู„ spinal cord ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„
134
00:11:02,460 --> 00:11:11,190
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุซุจูŠุช ู„ spinal cord ุงู„ arachnoidit is the
135
00:11:11,190 --> 00:11:14,570
inner service of diuramatar ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุญุฏ ุงู„
136
00:11:14,570 --> 00:11:18,010
diuramatar ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ it is the outer
137
00:11:18,010 --> 00:11:21,410
service of ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุตุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† outer service
138
00:11:21,410 --> 00:11:24,350
ู„ู„ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุงูˆ inner service ู„ู„ diuramatar ูŠุนู†ูŠ
139
00:11:24,350 --> 00:11:30,110
arachnoid located ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ diuramatar
140
00:11:30,110 --> 00:11:33,230
ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
141
00:11:33,230 --> 00:11:41,690
ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ arachnoid ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ูŠู†Diameter ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ุง
142
00:11:41,690 --> 00:11:48,230
ุงูŠู‡ ุชูŠ ุดูˆ ุชุนู„ุณ ุจูˆูŠู† ุงู„ chord ุงูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ brain it
143
00:11:48,230 --> 00:11:55,240
ends atThe second sacral vertebra ูŠุนู†ูŠ
144
00:11:55,240 --> 00:12:00,040
ุงู„ู€Durometer ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑูƒู†ูˆูŠุฏู…ุชุฑ ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ level
145
00:12:00,040 --> 00:12:07,040
ุนู„ู‰ level S2 ูƒุงู† newborn ุงูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงุฏุงู… ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงูˆูŠู†
146
00:12:07,040 --> 00:12:14,840
ุนู„ู‰ S2 segment ุงูˆ S2 level ุซู…ุงู†ู‰ Durometer ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†
147
00:12:14,840 --> 00:12:19,040
ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฏูˆุฑูˆู…ุชุฑ ูˆู‡ูŠ
148
00:12:21,420 --> 00:12:26,520
ุฃุฑุงูƒู†ูˆูŠุฏ ู…ุทุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตู ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ู…
149
00:12:26,520 --> 00:12:36,120
ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠุง ู…ุทุฑ ุชู…ุงู… ุฏูŠูˆุฑูˆ ู…ุทุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู…ุซู„ ุฃุฑุงูƒู†ูˆูŠุฏ
150
00:12:36,120 --> 00:12:43,700
ends at the level of sacral 2 attached ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
151
00:12:43,700 --> 00:12:47,580
margins of the formal magnumุชุชุญุฏ ุชุนู…ู„ adherent ู…ุน
152
00:12:47,580 --> 00:12:51,860
ุงู„ููˆุฑุงู…ู„ ู…ุงุฌู†ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ intervertebral ููˆุฑุงู…ู„ ูˆุนู„ู‰
153
00:12:51,860 --> 00:12:55,860
ุงู„ body of second and third cervical vertebra ุนุดุงู†
154
00:12:55,860 --> 00:12:59,820
ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง fixation ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ spinal cord ูˆุซุจุงุช ู„ู„
155
00:12:59,820 --> 00:13:09,180
spinal cord ู…ู†ูŠู† ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ spaces of spinal cord ููŠ
156
00:13:09,180 --> 00:13:12,080
ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
157
00:13:15,330 --> 00:13:20,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ vertebra ู‡ุฐูŠ
158
00:13:20,710 --> 00:13:28,210
ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ vertebra ููŠ ู…ู†ูŠู† ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ spaces ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠ ููŠ
159
00:13:28,210 --> 00:13:34,750
epidural space ู‡ุงูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠ epidural space ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
160
00:13:34,750 --> 00:13:42,530
epidural space epidural ุฃูˆ extradural spacelocated
161
00:13:42,530 --> 00:13:47,110
between diurameter and vertebra ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„
162
00:13:47,110 --> 00:13:51,850
diurameter ูˆ ุงู„ vertebra ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† semi
163
00:13:51,850 --> 00:13:57,950
-liquid fat ุฒุงุฆุฏ internal vertebral venous plexus
164
00:13:57,950 --> 00:14:06,350
subdiural space ู‡ุงูŠ subdiural space ู‡ุฐุง
165
00:14:06,350 --> 00:14:08,010
ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ sub
166
00:14:11,270 --> 00:14:20,590
subdural space between
167
00:14:20,590 --> 00:14:27,070
durameter and arachnoid ูˆูŠุฏุงุฎู„ู‡
168
00:14:27,070 --> 00:14:31,770
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† serous fluid ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ labrication ุงู†ุง ุจู„ู
169
00:14:31,770 --> 00:14:35,330
ููŠ ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆุดู…ุงู„ flexion extension ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
170
00:14:35,330 --> 00:14:41,700
labrication ู„ ุงู„ meningesSubarachnoid space ู‡ุงูŠ
171
00:14:41,700 --> 00:14:48,940
ุนู†ุฏูŠ subarachnoid space ุจู„ูˆู† ุฃุญู…ุฑ subarachnoid
172
00:14:48,940 --> 00:14:49,480
space
173
00:14:52,190 --> 00:14:57,230
ู‡ูŠู‡ุง subarachnoid ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆุณุน ูˆุงุญุฏ space
174
00:14:57,230 --> 00:15:00,650
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ subarachnoid space ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡
175
00:15:00,650 --> 00:15:08,070
cerebrospinal fluid ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ุงู„ CSF ู‚ู„ู†ุง spinal blood
176
00:15:08,070 --> 00:15:12,830
vessels ูˆ ุงู„ root of spinal nerves ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
177
00:15:12,830 --> 00:15:17,070
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ subarachnoid space between arachnoid and
178
00:15:17,070 --> 00:15:22,420
pia mater ุชุญุช ุงู„ arachnoid ูˆ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ pia materู‡ูŠ
179
00:15:22,420 --> 00:15:30,380
ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ู… ู‡ุงู† ู‡ู‰
180
00:15:30,380 --> 00:15:41,040
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุฎุฏ ู†ูˆุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† Dioramata ุจุนุฏู‡ู…
181
00:15:41,040 --> 00:15:43,140
Arachnoid
182
00:15:50,870 --> 00:15:56,790
ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ pia mater ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ุชุตู‚ุฉ
183
00:15:56,790 --> 00:16:00,290
ู„ุชุตุงุจ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจ way spinal cord
184
00:16:05,840 --> 00:16:11,120
ูˆุงุชูุฌู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุงุฑูƒู†ูˆูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
185
00:16:11,120 --> 00:16:14,760
level sacral 2 ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจุชุฑุชู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„
186
00:16:14,760 --> 00:16:19,200
spinal cord ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† adult ุนู„ู‰ lower border of L1
187
00:16:19,200 --> 00:16:25,220
ูƒุงู† ุงู„ newborn ุนู„ู‰ lower border of L3 ู‡ุฐู‡
188
00:16:25,220 --> 00:16:43,540
ุงู„ุฏูŠูˆุฑุงู…ุชุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฑูƒู†ูˆูŠุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ
189
00:16:43,540 --> 00:16:46,580
ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ
190
00:16:46,580 --> 00:16:51,840
ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ
191
00:16:51,840 --> 00:16:54,800
ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ
192
00:16:54,800 --> 00:16:59,260
ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠุงู…ุชุฑ
193
00:17:03,260 --> 00:17:07,720
Clinical Relations Lumbar puncture important ุจู†ุนู…ู„
194
00:17:07,720 --> 00:17:11,260
Lumbar puncture ููŠ ุงู„ subarachnoid space ูˆุจู†ุงุฎุฏ
195
00:17:11,260 --> 00:17:16,140
sample of CSF ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Lumbar puncture ุจูŠู† L4 L5
196
00:17:16,140 --> 00:17:19,920
ูˆู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ู„ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจูŠู† L3 L4 ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ adult ุฃู…ุง ุนู†ุฏ
197
00:17:19,920 --> 00:17:25,130
ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ newbornุจุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ ุงู„ูุงูŠู ุงู„
198
00:17:25,130 --> 00:17:30,230
vertibra no injury to cauda equina ูˆู…ุงุจู†ุนู…ู„ุด
199
00:17:30,230 --> 00:17:32,850
injury ู„ู„ูƒุงูˆุฏุง ุงูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฑุงุญ ุงุดุฑุญู‡ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
200
00:17:32,850 --> 00:17:38,470
ุจุนุฏ ูƒุงู… slide ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ external structure
201
00:17:38,470 --> 00:17:41,670
of the spinal cord external structure of spinal
202
00:17:41,670 --> 00:17:46,690
cord ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู†ุง anterior median ููŠุดู‡ุง
203
00:17:49,490 --> 00:17:54,110
ูˆ posterior median fissure ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ external
204
00:17:54,110 --> 00:17:58,190
feature of spinal cord ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ุงุจ ููŠ posterior
205
00:17:58,190 --> 00:18:06,380
lateral ูˆ anterior lateral ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุถุญูŠู†ุณู„ุณุงูŠุฉ
206
00:18:06,380 --> 00:18:10,380
ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ external features ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„
207
00:18:10,380 --> 00:18:13,940
external features ููŠ anterior median ูˆููŠ posterior
208
00:18:13,940 --> 00:18:18,980
median ูˆููŠ anterior lateral ูˆ posterior lateral
209
00:18:18,980 --> 00:18:24,140
ุณู„ุณุงูŠุฉ segment of spinal cord ุงูŠุด ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุงู„
210
00:18:24,140 --> 00:18:30,080
segment ุงูŠุด ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ segment of spinal cord ู‡ุงูŠ
211
00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:36,560
ุนู†ุฏูŠ posterior horn, anterior hornุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ
212
00:18:36,560 --> 00:18:41,920
ุฑูˆุช ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ุชูŠุฑ ุฑูˆุช ูƒูˆู‘ู†ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ spinal nerve ุจุตูŠุฑ
213
00:18:41,920 --> 00:18:47,660
ุฑูˆุช ุฌุงู†ุฌู„ูŠูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง
214
00:18:47,660 --> 00:18:51,900
ุงุนุชุจุฑ segment ู‡ุฐุง ุงุนุชุจุฑ ุงูŠู‡ segment ู…ู‚ุทุน ู…ู‚ุทุน ุฎุฑุฌ
215
00:18:51,900 --> 00:18:55,540
ู…ู†ู‡ ุฒูˆุฌ ุงุนุตุงุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ left ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ right
216
00:18:55,540 --> 00:19:02,360
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‚ุทุน ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ segment of spinal cord segment of
217
00:19:03,280 --> 00:19:09,100
Spinal cord Spinal cord segment ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู†
218
00:19:09,100 --> 00:19:13,460
segment ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ cervical ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุฏุฑุงุณุชู‡ ุงู„
219
00:19:13,460 --> 00:19:17,620
general anatomy ูƒุงู† ููŠ seven vertebra cervical
220
00:19:17,620 --> 00:19:21,400
seven cervical vertebra ู„ูƒู† ููŠ segment of spinal
221
00:19:21,400 --> 00:19:25,160
cord ููŠ eight cervical segments ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
222
00:19:25,160 --> 00:19:30,760
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ C1 vertebraููŠ 12
223
00:19:30,760 --> 00:19:37,260
thoracic ุงูˆ dorsal ููŠ 5 lumbar ูˆ 5 sacral ูˆ 1
224
00:19:37,260 --> 00:19:43,720
coccygeal segment ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ vertebra ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„
225
00:19:43,720 --> 00:19:47,440
cervical vertebra ุงู„ 7 cervical vertebra ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
226
00:19:47,440 --> 00:19:57,110
12 thoracic ูˆ 5 lumbarู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงุณู…ู‡ Epiconus
227
00:19:57,110 --> 00:20:05,310
Epiconus ูˆุงุฎุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Conus Medullaris ูˆูƒูˆุฏู‡
228
00:20:05,310 --> 00:20:13,610
ุฅูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠุงู†ุฏูŠ spinal cord spinal
229
00:20:13,610 --> 00:20:18,730
cord ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ level ุนู„ู‰ level ุงู„ูˆุงู† ุฐุฑุชุจุฑุง
230
00:20:18,730 --> 00:20:26,310
ุนู„ู‰ firstVertebra ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ Border of ุฃู„ูˆุงู†
231
00:20:26,310 --> 00:20:31,050
Vertebra ู‡ุงูŠ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† Vertebra ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ spinal cord
232
00:20:31,050 --> 00:20:44,190
ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ spinal cord ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
233
00:20:44,190 --> 00:20:56,890
ู‡ูˆ S3 S4S5 ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด Conus Medullaris ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†
234
00:20:56,890 --> 00:21:02,170
ุงู„ Conus Medullaris ู‡ูˆ terminal part of spinal
235
00:21:02,170 --> 00:21:08,250
cord ุงูˆ ู‡ูˆ lower terminal part of spinal cord
236
00:21:08,250 --> 00:21:13,530
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ูƒุงู… segmentsุŸ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† Sacral
237
00:21:13,530 --> 00:21:20,890
3circle 4 ูˆcircle 5 segment of spinal cord ุทุจ ุงูŠู‡
238
00:21:20,890 --> 00:21:29,850
ุจูŠู‡ conus ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ conus medullaris ุจุชูƒูˆู†
239
00:21:29,850 --> 00:21:37,310
ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ ู…ู† S2 S1 L5
240
00:21:38,630 --> 00:21:44,710
ุงู„ููˆุฑ ุณูŠุฌู…ู†ุช ุชู…ุงู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ููˆุฑ ุงู„ูุงูŠู
241
00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:50,110
ุณูŠุฌู…ู†ุช ูˆ S1 S2 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุจูŠ ูƒูˆู†ุณ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุจูŠ
242
00:21:50,110 --> 00:21:50,590
ูƒูˆู†ุณ
243
00:21:54,830 --> 00:22:00,370
ุงุจูŠ ูƒูˆู†ุณ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุณ ู…ูŠุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุณ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ูƒูˆู†ุณ
244
00:22:00,370 --> 00:22:05,270
ู…ูŠุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุณ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู„ูุฉ ุงู„ูุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณ ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ
245
00:22:05,270 --> 00:22:06,510
ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ
246
00:22:06,510 --> 00:22:08,010
ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ
247
00:22:08,010 --> 00:22:08,270
ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ
248
00:22:08,270 --> 00:22:08,830
ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ
249
00:22:08,830 --> 00:22:08,830
ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ
250
00:22:08,830 --> 00:22:09,790
ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆ ุงุช ูˆconus
251
00:22:09,790 --> 00:22:14,070
medullaris ู‡ูˆ terminal part of spinal cord ุจุชูƒูˆู†
252
00:22:14,070 --> 00:22:18,410
ู…ู† S3, S4, S5 segment of spinal cord ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌู‰ ุณุคุงู„
253
00:22:18,410 --> 00:22:21,690
ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ terminal part of spinal cord ู‡ูˆ conus
254
00:22:21,690 --> 00:22:24,510
medullaris ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† conus medullarisุŸ S3,
255
00:22:24,630 --> 00:22:32,270
S4, S5 segment ุทูŠุจ ูƒูˆุฏุฉ ุฅูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏุฉ
256
00:22:32,270 --> 00:22:33,870
ุฅูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
257
00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:46,800
ุงู„ู€ L1 ุฑุญ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช L1 ุชู…ุงู… T12 ุฑุญ
258
00:22:46,800 --> 00:22:52,700
ูŠู†ุฒู„ ูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† T12 ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ route ุทูŠุจ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ L3
259
00:22:52,700 --> 00:23:04,500
L4 L5 S1 S2 S3 ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ู†ุง
260
00:23:07,380 --> 00:23:11,700
ุฑุงุญ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ .. ูƒู„ root ูŠู†ุฒู„ ูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
261
00:23:11,700 --> 00:23:15,880
Intervertebral Forming ุจุชุงุนู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ roots .. ู‡ุฐู‡
262
00:23:15,880 --> 00:23:21,020
ุงู„ collection of roots ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ูƒูˆุฏุง ุฅูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ุฉ
263
00:23:21,020 --> 00:23:25,600
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ูƒูˆุฏุง ุฅูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ู„ุฃ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ spinal cord
264
00:23:25,600 --> 00:23:30,380
ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุน ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ vertebral column ู…ุงูƒุงู†ุด
265
00:23:30,380 --> 00:23:34,340
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ ูƒูˆุฏุง ุฅูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ spinal cord
266
00:23:36,180 --> 00:23:41,570
ุฃูƒุซุฑู…ู† ุงู„ vertebral column ุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ route ุชุจุนู‡ู… ู„ูƒู†
267
00:23:41,570 --> 00:23:44,430
ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ route ู…ุงุฎุฑุฌูˆุด ุงู„ route ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌุงุช ุจุชู†ุฒู„
268
00:23:44,430 --> 00:23:48,650
ูˆุจุชุฎุฑุฌ ูƒู„ route ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ vertebra
269
00:23:48,650 --> 00:23:53,610
ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ routes ู…ุซู„ ุฏูŠ ู„ู„ุญุตุงู† ู…ุซู„ ุฏูŠ ู„ู„ุญุตุงู†
270
00:23:53,610 --> 00:23:58,190
ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…ุŸ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… cauda equina ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…ุŸ
271
00:23:58,190 --> 00:24:02,670
cauda equina ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ cauda equina ู‡ูŠ ุชุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
272
00:24:02,670 --> 00:24:08,100
ู„ peripheral nervous system peripheralnervous
273
00:24:08,100 --> 00:24:11,020
system ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ root ุทุจ ุงู„konus medullaris central
274
00:24:11,020 --> 00:24:14,420
nervous system ุงุจูŠ konus central nervous system
275
00:24:14,420 --> 00:24:19,300
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ konus medullaris ูˆุงู„ุงุจูŠ konus ู‡ู… ุฌุฒุก
276
00:24:19,300 --> 00:24:23,040
ู…ู† spinal cord ู‡ู… ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† spinal cord ุทุจ
277
00:24:23,040 --> 00:24:29,080
ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏุฉ equina ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† spinal root ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
278
00:24:29,080 --> 00:24:33,860
ุนู† spinal root nerve ู‡ูŠ peripheral nervous system
279
00:24:33,860 --> 00:24:39,220
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏุฉ equinaุŸit is located below the lower
280
00:24:39,220 --> 00:24:43,100
border of the first lumbar vertebra ู„ูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง lower
281
00:24:43,100 --> 00:24:47,780
border of a first lumbar vertebra ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„
282
00:24:47,780 --> 00:24:55,380
spinal cord the spinal canal is filled by a
283
00:24:55,380 --> 00:25:01,890
collection of lumbosacral rootswhich descends in
284
00:25:01,890 --> 00:25:07,090
this space to their corresponding intervertebral
285
00:25:07,090 --> 00:25:11,850
canal ุงูˆ ูุฑู…ู† ูƒู„ nerve ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง ู†ุงุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ spinal
286
00:25:11,850 --> 00:25:15,390
canal ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูุฑู…ู† ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
287
00:25:15,390 --> 00:25:18,790
intervertebral ูุฑู…ู† ุจูŠุบุงุฏุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง L4 ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ
288
00:25:18,790 --> 00:25:22,450
ู…ู† ุชุญุช L4 L5 ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุชุญุช L5 ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„
289
00:25:22,450 --> 00:25:26,670
spinal canal ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ ูƒุงูˆุฏุง ุงูƒูˆูŠู†ุง
290
00:25:26,670 --> 00:25:29,490
ูƒุงูˆุฏุง ุงูƒูˆูŠู†ุง ู…ุซู„ ุฐูŠู„ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
291
00:25:42,540 --> 00:25:50,870
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ spinal cordุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
292
00:25:50,870 --> 00:25:54,950
L4, L5, S1, S2 segment ุงุณู…ู‡ุง AP Conus ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ route
293
00:25:54,950 --> 00:25:58,010
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ spinal canal ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ spinal cord
294
00:25:58,010 --> 00:26:03,510
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ routes ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูƒุงูˆ ุฏุง ุฅูŠูƒูˆุงูŠู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
295
00:26:03,510 --> 00:26:07,630
ููŠู„ู… ุชุฑู…ูŠู†ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู… ุงู† ุงู„ุจูŠุงู…ุทุฑ ุจู†ุฒู„ ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„
296
00:26:07,630 --> 00:26:11,840
attached ู„ ุงู„ coccyx ุงู„ back of the coccyxู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
297
00:26:11,840 --> 00:26:17,620
ููŠู„ูŠูˆู… ุชุฑู…ูŠู†ุงู„ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ fixation ู„ุณุจูŠู†ุงู„
298
00:26:17,620 --> 00:26:21,300
ูƒูˆุฑุฏ ุชุซุจุงุช ู„ุณุจูŠู†ุงู„ ูƒูˆุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ roots ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ
299
00:26:21,300 --> 00:26:27,520
ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุณุจูŠู†ุงู„ ูƒูˆุฑุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ู… ูƒุงูˆุฏุง ุงูŠูƒูˆูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุงู†
300
00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:32,080
ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ relationship between spinal cord segment
301
00:26:32,080 --> 00:26:38,710
and vertebra ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุทูˆู„ ุณุจูŠู†ุงู„ ูƒูˆุฑุฏู†ูุณ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู€
302
00:26:38,710 --> 00:26:41,230
vertebral column ู…ุงูƒุงู†ุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง relationship
303
00:26:41,230 --> 00:26:45,230
ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ root ุจุฎุฑุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง
304
00:26:45,230 --> 00:26:50,130
ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ spinal cord ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ vertebral
305
00:26:50,130 --> 00:26:55,010
column ูˆ ุงู„ vertebra ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
306
00:26:55,010 --> 00:26:57,790
cervical ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ thickness ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
307
00:26:57,790 --> 00:27:01,010
ู„ู…ุง ู†ู†ุฒู„ ู„ lower thoracic ูˆ first lumbar ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
308
00:27:01,010 --> 00:27:06,130
ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ vertebra ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ segment ู…ู† C1 C4
309
00:27:06,130 --> 00:27:14,050
segmentุจู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูˆ C1 C4 Vertibra ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ุชูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„
310
00:27:14,050 --> 00:27:21,070
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ C1 segment ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ C1 Vertibra
311
00:27:21,070 --> 00:27:24,990
ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ุชูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠ
312
00:27:24,990 --> 00:27:30,910
ุงู„ู‡ูˆ C3 segment ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ C3 Vertibra ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ุชูƒูˆุง
313
00:27:30,910 --> 00:27:35,150
ุณุคุงู„ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ C4 segment ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ C4 Vertibra
314
00:27:36,200 --> 00:27:40,620
C5 ู„ู€ C8 segment ุจุทุฑุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุทุฑุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุฃ
315
00:27:40,620 --> 00:27:46,780
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุงู„ segment ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ุชูƒ ุณุคุงู„ C6 segment
316
00:27:50,100 --> 00:27:56,680
C6 segment ุจุทุฑุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู‚ุงุจู„ C5 vertebra ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง
317
00:27:56,680 --> 00:28:03,040
ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุงู„ vertebra ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง C5 vertebra ุจุฌู…ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ
318
00:28:03,040 --> 00:28:09,100
ุจุฒูˆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจู‚ุงุจู„ C5 vertebra C6ุณูŠุฌู…ู†ุช ู‡ุฐุง
319
00:28:09,100 --> 00:28:12,580
ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจูƒุฑุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงู†ุช
320
00:28:12,580 --> 00:28:17,160
ู‚ูˆู„ุชู†ุง C4 ุน C4 ู‡ุงูŠ C5 ู„ูˆ ู†ุฌุณู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุน C4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
321
00:28:17,160 --> 00:28:20,620
ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูˆุถุญ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„
322
00:28:20,620 --> 00:28:27,080
segment ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุฒู„ู†ุง ู„ุชุญุช T1 ู„ T6 segment of spinal
323
00:28:27,080 --> 00:28:34,200
cord ุจุทุฑุญ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง segment T5
324
00:28:35,120 --> 00:28:41,300
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุชุจุฑุง ุจุทุฑุญ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
325
00:28:41,300 --> 00:28:47,280
ุนูˆูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ T3 ูˆูˆุฑุชุจุฑุง T3 ูˆูˆุฑุชุจุฑุง ู„ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ู†ุง ู„ุชุญุช
326
00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:51,440
T7 ู„ู‚ุงู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุทุฑุญ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒุจุฑูˆุง ุงู„ูˆุฑุชุจุฑุง ุงูƒุชุฑ
327
00:28:51,440 --> 00:29:00,280
ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ุชูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„ T9 ูˆูˆุฑุชุจุฑุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุจุทุฑุญ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
328
00:29:01,160 --> 00:29:06,910
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูู‚ูˆู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ T6ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุตุญูŠุญ
329
00:29:06,910 --> 00:29:11,550
ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃุช ุงู†ุง ุจุงู„ูˆุฑุชุจุฑุฉ ุจุฌู…ุน ุจุนู…ู„ ุงุถุงูุฉ ูˆุนุดุงู† ุฎุงุทุฑูŠ
330
00:29:11,550 --> 00:29:16,410
ุชุญูุธูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ three ูˆ ุงู„ four segment ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนู„ู‰
331
00:29:16,410 --> 00:29:22,730
ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ thoracic 12 ูˆ ุงู„ five segment ูˆ ุงู„ sacral
332
00:29:22,730 --> 00:29:27,590
segment ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ one vertebra ู‡ุฐูŠ
333
00:29:27,590 --> 00:29:31,910
slide ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจูŠู†ู†ุง ุงู„ relationship between spinal
334
00:29:31,910 --> 00:29:36,120
cord segment ูˆูˆุฑุชุจุฑุฉู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ูƒู„ segment
335
00:29:36,120 --> 00:29:41,920
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ vertebra ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„
336
00:29:41,920 --> 00:29:46,780
vertebra ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู„ุงู† ุงุชูุฌู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ spinal cord ู‡ูˆ
337
00:29:46,780 --> 00:29:54,100
ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ vertebral colon ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„
338
00:29:54,100 --> 00:29:57,420
root ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌู‡ ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌู‡ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ vertebra ุจุนุฏ
339
00:29:57,420 --> 00:30:01,000
ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ spinal cordู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ conus medullaris
340
00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:04,440
ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ roots ุจู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ูƒู„ root ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุชุญุช
341
00:30:04,440 --> 00:30:07,600
ุงู„ุจุฑุชุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ roots
342
00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:12,540
ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ roots ู‡ุฐู‡ cauda equina ุงูˆ cauda equina
343
00:30:12,540 --> 00:30:17,980
ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† spinal peripheral roots after
344
00:30:17,980 --> 00:30:25,440
termination of the spinal cord the
345
00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:33,370
roots of spinal cordEach segment have four roots
346
00:30:33,370 --> 00:30:40,290
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ two posterior and two anterior ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
347
00:30:40,290 --> 00:30:43,570
left
348
00:30:43,570 --> 00:30:50,830
posterior root posterior spinal root ูˆ right
349
00:30:50,830 --> 00:30:59,290
posterior spinal root okay leftAnterior Spinal
350
00:30:59,290 --> 00:31:07,070
Root ูˆRight Anterior Spinal Root ุงู„ุจุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
351
00:31:07,070 --> 00:31:11,370
Dorsal Root ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Sensory ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฌุงูŠุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
352
00:31:11,370 --> 00:31:18,350
Sensory Sensation ู„ู„ู€ Spinal Cord ูˆููŠู‡ู…
353
00:31:18,350 --> 00:31:24,650
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Posterior Root Ganglion Posterior Root
354
00:31:28,040 --> 00:31:33,860
Ganglion ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฑูˆุฏ ุบุงู†ู‚ู„ูŠูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡
355
00:31:33,860 --> 00:31:35,400
right ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ left
356
00:31:40,210 --> 00:31:43,710
Okay ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ posterior ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ route
357
00:31:43,710 --> 00:31:47,490
sensory ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ sensory ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
358
00:31:47,490 --> 00:31:50,390
posterior route ganglionุŸ ุทุจ ุงู„ anterior ุงูˆ ุงู„
359
00:31:50,390 --> 00:31:54,190
ventral route ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… motor and autonomic motor
360
00:31:54,190 --> 00:31:56,850
and autonomic ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุทู„ู‚ูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
361
00:31:56,850 --> 00:32:01,170
ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง descending ุงูˆ efferent ู…ุฎุฑุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
362
00:32:01,170 --> 00:32:06,510
ู…ู† ุงู„ spinal cordุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ posterior ูˆ
363
00:32:06,510 --> 00:32:11,590
ุงู„ู€ anterior ุจุชุชุญุฏูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุงูŠู‡ spinal
364
00:32:11,590 --> 00:32:17,770
nerve ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 31 pairs of spinal nerves right
365
00:32:17,770 --> 00:32:23,310
and left each spinal nerve emerges from the
366
00:32:23,310 --> 00:32:28,290
intervertebral foramen ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
367
00:32:32,470 --> 00:32:37,910
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ sensation ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ posterior root ุงูˆ
368
00:32:37,910 --> 00:32:41,090
dorsal root ุงู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ posterior root
369
00:32:41,090 --> 00:32:50,830
ganglion unipolar ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง ู†ูŠุฑูˆู† ุชู…ุงู… ูˆููŠ motor ุงู„ู„ูŠ
370
00:32:50,830 --> 00:32:54,070
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ anterior ุจูŠูƒูˆู† motor ุงูˆุชูˆู†ุงู…ูŠูƒ ุฑุงุญ ุงุชูƒู„ู…
371
00:32:54,070 --> 00:33:00,630
ุนู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฎุฏูŠู† ุงุดุงุฑุฉ descending efferent ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ
372
00:33:00,630 --> 00:33:01,550
ู…ู† ุงู„ spinal cord
373
00:33:05,710 --> 00:33:10,510
ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุชุฌู…ุนูˆุง ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†ุง ุดูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡
374
00:33:10,510 --> 00:33:25,190
spinal nerve ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† intervertebral foramen ู†ูุณ
375
00:33:25,190 --> 00:33:31,010
ุงู„ุดูŠ ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ posterior ู„ูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
376
00:33:31,010 --> 00:33:33,770
posterior ู„ุงู† ููŠ ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆุฑุฏ ุฌุงู†ุฌู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
377
00:33:33,770 --> 00:33:34,210
anterior
378
00:33:36,960 --> 00:33:42,340
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุช spinal nerve ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„
379
00:33:42,340 --> 00:33:49,020
intervertebral foramen ุจูŠูƒููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู†
380
00:33:49,020 --> 00:33:52,640
ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ spinal cord ู†ุฌุญ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ exit of spinal
381
00:33:52,640 --> 00:33:55,780
nerve root ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ spinal cord
382
00:33:55,780 --> 00:33:59,380
ุฑุงุญ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุฃู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ exit of spinal
383
00:33:59,380 --> 00:34:00,100
nerve root