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1 |
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ุจุณู
ุงููู ุงูุฑุญู
ู ุงูุฑุญูู
ุงู... ูู ุงู previous |
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2 |
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00:00:25,350 --> 00:00:30,310 |
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meeting .. ูู ุงู previous meeting ูู ุงูููุงุกุงุช |
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3 |
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00:00:30,310 --> 00:00:36,330 |
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ุงูู
ุงุถูุฉ ููุง ูุญูู ุนู ุงู interest rates ู ุงู |
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4 |
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00:00:36,330 --> 00:00:41,910 |
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effective rate of return ู ุญูููุง ุนูู ุงูู
ูุถูุน ุฅู |
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5 |
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00:00:41,910 --> 00:00:44,770 |
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ุฅุฐุง ููุง ุงุญูุง ุจูุญูู .. ูุญุณุจ ุงู effective annual |
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6 |
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00:00:44,770 --> 00:00:49,430 |
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return if it is less than one year ุฅุฐุง ุฃูู ู
ู ุณูุฉ |
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7 |
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00:00:49,430 --> 00:00:52,390 |
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we can use this calculation or this equation and |
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8 |
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00:00:52,390 --> 00:00:55,130 |
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if it is greater than one year so we can use this |
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9 |
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00:00:55,130 --> 00:01:00,230 |
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one this is the idea of the interest rate of return |
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10 |
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00:01:00,230 --> 00:01:04,650 |
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so the most important thing is coming in the |
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11 |
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00:01:04,650 --> 00:01:08,330 |
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further stages ุงูุดุบูุงุช ุงูุฃูู
ู
ู ูุฐู ูู ุฌุงูุฉ ูู |
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12 |
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00:01:08,330 --> 00:01:12,050 |
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ุงูุตูุญุงุช ุงูุฌุงูุฉ ุงููู ููุนู
ู ุนูููุง ุชุทุจูู ูุนูู ูุฐุง ู
ุด |
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13 |
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00:01:12,050 --> 00:01:15,470 |
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ูุซูุฑ ุฃูู ุงุญูุง ุจุณ introduction ููู
ููุทุจู ูู |
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14 |
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00:01:15,470 --> 00:01:20,070 |
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ุงูููุงุกุงุช ุงูุฌุงูุฉ how we can use the interest rate |
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15 |
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00:01:20,070 --> 00:01:22,190 |
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of return ููู ู
ู
ูู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ุงู interest rate of |
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16 |
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00:01:22,190 --> 00:01:28,510 |
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return if you look carefully at this table ูุชุทูุน ุนูู ุงู |
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17 |
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00:01:28,510 --> 00:01:30,650 |
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relationship between treasury bills and the |
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18 |
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00:01:30,650 --> 00:01:33,630 |
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inflation ุงูุนูุงูุฉ ุจูู ุงู treasury bills ู ุจูู ุงู |
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19 |
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00:01:33,630 --> 00:01:39,530 |
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inflation and this is a very important |
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20 |
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00:01:39,530 --> 00:01:41,990 |
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relationship between inflation and the treasury |
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21 |
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00:01:41,990 --> 00:01:45,650 |
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bills rate of return ูุนูู ูุซูุฑ ู
ูู
ุฃููุง ูุนุฑู |
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22 |
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00:01:45,650 --> 00:01:52,120 |
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ุงูุนูุงูุฉ ุจูู ุงูุชุถุฎู
ูุจูู ุงูุนูุฏ ุงูุชุถุฎู
ูุจูู ุงูุนูุฏ |
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23 |
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00:01:52,120 --> 00:02:00,360 |
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ุงููู ูู ุงู interest rate ู ุงู inflation ุทูุจ ูู |
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24 |
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00:02:00,360 --> 00:02:06,120 |
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ุงุญูุง ุทูุนูุง ุนูู ุงู treasury bills in 1926 it is 3 |
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25 |
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00:02:06,120 --> 00:02:13,260 |
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.71 okay the real treasury bills is 0.70 the |
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26 |
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00:02:13,260 --> 00:02:20,000 |
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inflation is 3.10 just focus on ุนูู ูุฐุงุ ูุฐููุ |
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27 |
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00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:25,200 |
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ุนู
ููุงุช ุงูุชุญุฐูุฑ ุงููุงุญุฏุฉ ู
ู 10 ูู 3.70 ูุงูุชุญุฐูุฑ 3 |
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28 |
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00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:37,020 |
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.10ุ ูู
ุงุฐุง ุชููู
ูู ู
ู ูุฐุงุ ูุฐุง ูุนูู ุฃูู ุนูุฏู
ุง |
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29 |
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00:02:37,020 --> 00:02:41,360 |
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ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ุงูุชุญุฐูุฑุ ุงูุธุฑ ุฅูู ุงูุชุญุฐูุฑ ุนูุฏู
ุง ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ |
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30 |
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00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:48,500 |
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ุงูุชุญุฐูุฑุ ุชุชูู ุนู
ููุงุช ุงูุชุญุฐูุฑ ุงูุญูููุฉ and this is |
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31 |
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00:02:48,500 --> 00:02:54,420 |
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what we yes this is what we said in before three |
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32 |
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00:02:54,420 --> 00:03:00,700 |
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meetings ุญูููุง ุฃู ุงู R small r is equal R minus I |
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33 |
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00:03:00,700 --> 00:03:09,800 |
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ุงู I when I increase R decrease ูู ู
ุง ุงู I ุจุชุฒูุฏ |
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34 |
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00:03:09,800 --> 00:03:14,280 |
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ุงู inflation ุจุชุฒูุฏ ูู ู
ุง ุงู R small r decrease ุทูุจ |
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35 |
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00:03:15,630 --> 00:03:20,110 |
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look at treasury bills and inflation if you look |
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36 |
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00:03:20,110 --> 00:03:26,190 |
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at the chart ุฅุฐุง ุงุญูุง ุทูุนูุง ุนูู ุงู chart if you |
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37 |
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00:03:26,190 --> 00:03:30,690 |
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look at this chart this |
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38 |
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00:03:30,690 --> 00:03:34,910 |
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is .. ูู is the treasury bills ูุฐุง ูู ุงู treasury |
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39 |
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00:03:34,910 --> 00:03:44,340 |
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bills and this is R of treasury bills ุฅุฐุง ูุฑุฑูุง ุฃู |
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40 |
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00:03:44,340 --> 00:03:52,440 |
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ูุฐุง 3.7 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3.71 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3.71 |
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41 |
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00:03:52,440 --> 00:03:53,100 |
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ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3.71 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3.71 ูู |
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42 |
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00:03:53,100 --> 00:03:53,320 |
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ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3.71 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3.71 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ |
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43 |
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00:03:53,320 --> 00:03:55,680 |
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ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3.71 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3.10 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ |
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44 |
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00:03:55,680 --> 00:04:00,480 |
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ููุฐุง 3.10 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3.10 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3 |
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45 |
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00:04:00,480 --> 00:04:06,780 |
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.10 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ ููุฐุง 3.10 ูู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุ |
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46 |
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00:04:06,780 --> 00:04:06,820 |
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ููุฐุง |
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47 |
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00:04:15,150 --> 00:04:23,350 |
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.70 sorry okay approximately look |
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48 |
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00:04:23,350 --> 00:04:28,510 |
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at here if we look carefully at this ุฎูููู ุจุณ |
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49 |
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00:04:28,510 --> 00:04:31,490 |
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ุฃููุจุฑ ููู
zooming out ุฃูุจุฑ ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู ุช understand |
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50 |
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00:04:31,490 --> 00:04:31,890 |
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this |
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51 |
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00:04:38,520 --> 00:04:41,180 |
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this is a very very important if you don't |
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52 |
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00:04:41,180 --> 00:04:44,300 |
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understand this it means you will challenge |
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53 |
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00:04:44,300 --> 00:04:49,500 |
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problems in the in the next three four pages ุฅุฐุง |
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54 |
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00:04:49,500 --> 00:04:52,260 |
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ู
ุง ููู
ุชูุด ูุฐู ุงูุนูุงูุฉ ูุชููู ุนูุฏูู
ู
ุดููุฉ ูู ูู
ุงู |
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55 |
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00:04:52,260 --> 00:04:58,000 |
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ุฃุฑุจุน ุฎู
ุณ ุตูุญุงุช ุดูููุง ููู you |
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56 |
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00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:00,600 |
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know this this is security market line ูุฐุง ูู |
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57 |
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00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:05,580 |
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security market line and this is treasury bills as |
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58 |
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00:05:05,580 --> 00:05:17,260 |
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I said all of this is R which is equal to 3.71 so |
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59 |
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00:05:17,260 --> 00:05:21,520 |
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the nominal R is the nominal the nominal of the |
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60 |
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00:05:21,520 --> 00:05:26,080 |
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treasury bills is 3.71 as in the table here 3.71 |
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61 |
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00:05:26,080 --> 00:05:36,240 |
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the inflation rate is 3 is this area 3.10 |
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62 |
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00:05:38,530 --> 00:05:46,870 |
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this is I so I is three point one so now according |
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63 |
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00:05:46,870 --> 00:05:52,170 |
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to this chart ุญุณุจ ุงู chart ููุง this is the real |
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64 |
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00:05:52,170 --> 00:05:58,270 |
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rate of return R just apply this equation R small |
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65 |
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00:05:58,270 --> 00:06:04,990 |
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R is equal big R minus I so this is big R all of |
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66 |
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00:06:04,990 --> 00:06:11,470 |
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this minus I so we get .. we end up with small r |
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67 |
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00:06:11,470 --> 00:06:17,190 |
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okay so if you increase I look at this if you |
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68 |
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00:06:17,190 --> 00:06:22,830 |
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increase I, R becomes smaller and smaller ูุนูู ูู |
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69 |
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00:06:22,830 --> 00:06:25,930 |
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ู
ุง ุงุญูุง ุจูุฒูุฏ ุงู Iุ ุงู I ุจุชุตูุฑ smaller and smaller |
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70 |
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00:06:27,300 --> 00:06:31,680 |
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ุจุชุตูุฑ ุงู small r the real rate of return becomes |
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71 |
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00:06:31,680 --> 00:06:35,900 |
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smaller and smaller ูุนูู ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฎูุถ ุงู real rate |
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72 |
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00:06:35,900 --> 00:06:39,400 |
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of return what |
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73 |
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00:06:39,400 --> 00:06:42,560 |
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you observe then what we observe we observe many |
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74 |
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00:06:42,560 --> 00:06:46,420 |
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things ุงูุด ุงุญูุง ุจููุงุญุธุ ุจููุงุญุธ ูุซูุฑ ุฃุดูุงุก ุงู first |
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75 |
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00:06:46,420 --> 00:06:50,180 |
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one we have a negative relationship between small |
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76 |
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00:06:50,180 --> 00:06:56,300 |
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r and I as I become bigger and bigger, R becomes |
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77 |
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00:06:56,300 --> 00:07:00,780 |
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smaller and smaller ูุนูู ูู ู
ุง ุงู I ุจุชูุจุฑ ุงู R |
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78 |
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00:07:00,780 --> 00:07:04,600 |
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ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูู okay just from the chart point of view |
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79 |
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00:07:04,600 --> 00:07:08,140 |
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ู
ู ูุฌูุฉ ูุธุฑ ุงู chart we know this from the |
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80 |
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00:07:08,140 --> 00:07:12,300 |
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equation point of view ูุนูู ุงุญูุง ูุงูู
ูู ุงูููุงู
ูุฐุง |
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81 |
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00:07:12,300 --> 00:07:16,740 |
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ู
ู ูุฌูุฉ ูุธุฑ ุงู equation as the equation saying and |
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82 |
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00:07:16,740 --> 00:07:17,260 |
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this is |
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83 |
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00:07:21,280 --> 00:07:24,880 |
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this table is an accurate table and a real table |
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84 |
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00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:28,820 |
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from the united states ูุฐุง ูู table ุตุญูุญ ู
ู ุงู |
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85 |
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00:07:28,820 --> 00:07:30,940 |
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united states from nineteen twenty six to two |
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86 |
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00:07:30,940 --> 00:07:33,480 |
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thousand and nine ูุนูู ูุฐุง ู
ู ุณูุฉ ุฃูู ูุชุณุนู
ุงุฆุฉ |
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87 |
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00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:36,300 |
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ูุชุณุนุฉ ูุนุดุฑูู ูุณูุฉ ุฃูู ูุชุณุนู
ุงุฆุฉ ูุณูุฉ ุฃููู ูุชุณุนุฉ |
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88 |
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00:07:36,300 --> 00:07:42,140 |
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ูุฐุง ุงู table ุตุญูุญ okay so the the real treasury |
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89 |
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00:07:42,140 --> 00:07:46,620 |
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bills is point seventy so the the one observation |
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90 |
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00:07:46,620 --> 00:07:52,950 |
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is as as i explained the one observation is when I |
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91 |
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00:07:52,950 --> 00:07:57,050 |
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become bigger and bigger R become smaller and |
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92 |
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00:07:57,050 --> 00:08:03,270 |
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smaller ูุนูู ูู ู
ุง ุจุชูุจุฑ ุงู I ูู ู
ุง ุงู R real ูู |
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93 |
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00:08:03,270 --> 00:08:09,010 |
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ู
ุง ูุงูุช decrease other factors are equal other |
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94 |
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00:08:09,010 --> 00:08:12,310 |
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factors and equal ู
ุนุซุจุงุช ุงูุนูุงู
ู ุงูุฃุฎุฑู other |
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95 |
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00:08:12,310 --> 00:08:18,720 |
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factors are equal okay now if you compare between |
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96 |
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00:08:18,720 --> 00:08:25,080 |
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the 1968 with 1968, |
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97 |
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00:08:25,220 --> 00:08:33,420 |
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2009 and 1926, 1967 ูุชุทูุน ููุดูู ุงุญูุง ุจุงู .. ูู |
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98 |
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00:08:33,420 --> 00:08:39,920 |
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ูุฑุฑูุง ุงู 1968 ู 2009 ู
ุน ุงู 1926 ู 1967 what you |
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99 |
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00:08:39,920 --> 00:08:45,560 |
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observe the treasury bills is greater than .. the |
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|
100 |
|
00:08:45,560 --> 00:08:50,020 |
|
real .. sorry .. the treasury bills is greater |
|
|
|
101 |
|
00:08:50,020 --> 00:08:53,700 |
|
than the R nominal of treasury bills in the recent |
|
|
|
102 |
|
00:08:53,700 --> 00:08:57,720 |
|
years is greater than in the .. in the early .. in |
|
|
|
103 |
|
00:08:57,720 --> 00:09:06,500 |
|
the .. in the previous years ูุชุทูุน ูู ุงู .. ูู |
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|
|
104 |
|
00:09:06,500 --> 00:09:10,140 |
|
ุงูุณุงุจู ูุงู ุนูุฏ ุงู .. ูู ุงูุณุงุจู ูุงู ุนูุฏ ุงู .. ุงู |
|
|
|
105 |
|
00:09:10,140 --> 00:09:13,200 |
|
real .. sorry ุงู nominal rate of return one point |
|
|
|
106 |
|
00:09:13,200 --> 00:09:20,040 |
|
sixty seven ูุนูู ู
ู ุณูุฉ ุงู 26 ูู 67 ูุงู ุนูุฏู 1.67 |
|
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|
107 |
|
00:09:20,040 --> 00:09:24,500 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงู nominal rate of return ู
ู ุณูุฉ ุงู 68 ู |
|
|
|
108 |
|
00:09:24,500 --> 00:09:30,660 |
|
2009 ุงู nominal rate of return ุฒุงุฏ you know whyุ ูู |
|
|
|
109 |
|
00:09:30,660 --> 00:09:35,340 |
|
ุญุฏ ูุนุฑู ููุดุ from the chart from the table look at |
|
|
|
110 |
|
00:09:35,340 --> 00:09:40,980 |
|
the table how much the inflation increase you are |
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|
111 |
|
00:09:40,980 --> 00:09:44,700 |
|
right ุงู inflation ูู ุงูุณุจุจ ูุนูู ุฃูุชู
ูุงุญุธูุง ุฃูู |
|
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|
112 |
|
00:09:44,700 --> 00:09:48,220 |
|
ุทูุนูุง ุฃูุชู
just compare this with this ุฃูู ูุงู five |
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|
113 |
|
00:09:48,220 --> 00:09:52,320 |
|
point seventy five sorry ูู ุงูุณููุงุช ุงูุฃุฎูุฑุฉ ุจุนุฏ |
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|
114 |
|
00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:55,780 |
|
ุณุจุนุฉ ู ุซู
ุงููุฉ ู ุณุชูู ุงู nominal rate of return |
|
|
|
115 |
|
00:09:55,780 --> 00:10:01,060 |
|
five point seventy five ูู ุงูุณุงุจุนุฉ ู ุนุดุฑูู ู ุณุจุนุฉ ู |
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|
116 |
|
00:10:01,060 --> 00:10:10,010 |
|
ุณุชูู ูุฏูู
ูุง 1.67 whyุ ููุด .. ุณุคุงู .. ุณุคุงู ู
ุฎุชุตุฑ ููุด |
|
|
|
117 |
|
00:10:10,010 --> 00:10:12,970 |
|
ุงู nominal rate of return ุฒุงุฏ ูู ุงููุชุฑุงุช ุงูุฃุฎูุฑุฉ |
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|
118 |
|
00:10:12,970 --> 00:10:17,410 |
|
ูุงุทู
ุฉ she said because of inflation look at this |
|
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|
119 |
|
00:10:17,410 --> 00:10:21,790 |
|
the inflation because of the .. ุขู ุงู inflation |
|
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|
120 |
|
00:10:21,790 --> 00:10:30,250 |
|
ุฒุงุฏ ูุทุจูุนู ุจุงูุธุจุท ุดุงูููู ูุนูุงูุฉ ุทุฑุฏูุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูุฐู this |
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121 |
|
00:10:30,250 --> 00:10:36,650 |
|
is the first the second the second relation is as |
|
|
|
122 |
|
00:10:36,650 --> 00:10:44,330 |
|
long as I increase as long as I increase sorry I |
|
|
|
123 |
|
00:10:44,330 --> 00:10:45,030 |
|
increase |
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|
|
124 |
|
00:10:47,880 --> 00:10:52,200 |
|
when I is become grow .. become bigger and bigger |
|
|
|
125 |
|
00:10:52,200 --> 00:10:56,400 |
|
the big R become bigger and bigger so this is |
|
|
|
126 |
|
00:10:56,400 --> 00:10:59,160 |
|
positive relation between the nominal rate |
|
|
|
127 |
|
00:10:59,160 --> 00:11:02,600 |
|
of return and I look at here this is the second ูู |
|
|
|
128 |
|
00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:05,020 |
|
ุงุญูุง ุทูุนูุง ุนูู ุงูุดุบู ุงูุชุงูู from the table look at |
|
|
|
129 |
|
00:11:05,020 --> 00:11:09,220 |
|
the table ูุงุญุธูุง ุฃู ุงู inflation ุตุบูุฑุฉ ุดุงูููู ุดู ุงู |
|
|
|
130 |
|
00:11:09,220 --> 00:11:12,420 |
|
nominal rate of return ุตุบูุฑ ุตุงุฑ ูุงุญุธูุง ุฃู ุงู |
|
|
|
131 |
|
00:11:12,420 --> 00:11:15,920 |
|
inflation ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู nominal rate of return ุดู ุตุงุฑ |
|
132 |
|
00:11:15,920 --> 00:11:17,120 |
|
ููู decrease |
|
|
|
133 |
|
00:11:20,660 --> 00:11:24,800 |
|
Okay ูุนูู ูุงู .. ูุงู ุณุจุจ .. ูุนูู ูุงู ู
ูุงุญุธุฉ ุชุงููุฉ |
|
|
|
134 |
|
00:11:24,800 --> 00:11:27,460 |
|
.. the second observation ูุงู observation ุชุงููุฉ |
|
|
|
135 |
|
00:11:27,460 --> 00:11:36,040 |
|
ุงุญูุง ุจููุงุญุธูุง ูู ุจุฏูุง .. okay ุงู real ูู
ุง ุจููู ุดู |
|
|
|
136 |
|
00:11:36,040 --> 00:11:44,500 |
|
ุณุจุจ ุฃูู ุจูููุ ู
ูุงุดุฑ ุงู real |
|
|
|
137 |
|
00:11:44,500 --> 00:11:50,430 |
|
.. ุงู real ุจููู okay ูุงู ุงู real ุจุฏู ุฃูู ู
ุชู ุจููู |
|
|
|
138 |
|
00:11:50,430 --> 00:11:56,270 |
|
ุงู real ุจููู ุนุดุงู ุงู inflation ุจุชุฒูุฏ ูุนูู |
|
|
|
139 |
|
00:11:56,270 --> 00:11:59,550 |
|
ุงู real ููุง is a function of ุฎุฏ ุจุงูู ุงู real is |
|
|
|
140 |
|
00:11:59,550 --> 00:12:05,350 |
|
independent ู
ุณุชูู ุนููุง ุนุงู
ู ุชุงุจุน ูู is dependent |
|
|
|
141 |
|
00:12:05,350 --> 00:12:08,870 |
|
ุนุงู
ู ุชุงุจุน ูู .. ุฅุฐุง ุงู inflation ูู ุงููู ุจูุนู
ู ูู |
|
|
|
142 |
|
00:12:08,870 --> 00:12:16,510 |
|
ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงู I ูู ุนุงู
ูุฉ ูู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ููุดุ |
|
|
|
143 |
|
00:12:23,060 --> 00:12:29,720 |
|
ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ูููู ุฃูู ูุทูุน ุงูุด ุงู .. ุงู real ูุฐุง ุงู ุจุณ |
|
|
|
144 |
|
00:12:29,720 --> 00:12:32,780 |
|
ุฎุฏ ุจุงูู ุฃู ุงู treasure bills ุฒุงุฏุช ู ุงู inflation |
|
|
|
145 |
|
00:12:32,780 --> 00:12:36,660 |
|
ุฒุงุฏุช ูุงููุฑู ุจูููู
ุฎูู ุงู real ูุฒูุฏ ูู
ุงู ุทุจุนุง |
|
|
|
146 |
|
00:12:36,660 --> 00:12:42,620 |
|
ุงููุฑู ูุนูู ุงููุฑู ูุฐุง ููุต ูุฐุง ุจูุฎูู ูุฒูุฏ ุทูุจ ูุฐุง |
|
|
|
147 |
|
00:12:42,620 --> 00:12:47,460 |
|
ูุฃูู ุงูุงุซููู ูุงุฒููู ูุจูุฎูู ุงููุฑู ูุงุฒูุฉุฐุง ุงู spread |
|
|
|
148 |
|
00:12:47,460 --> 00:12:51,340 |
|
ุจูุณู
ูู ุทูุจ |
|
|
|
149 |
|
00:12:51,340 --> 00:12:55,600 |
|
ูู |
|
|
|
150 |
|
00:12:55,600 --> 00:13:01,800 |
|
ุญุฏ ุนูุฏู ู
ูุงุญุธุงุช ุชุงููุฉ ุทูุจ ูุชุทูุน ุนูู ุงู .. ุณุชุฉ ู |
|
|
|
151 |
|
00:13:01,800 --> 00:13:09,160 |
|
ุนุดุฑูู ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงุชุทูุนูุง |
|
|
|
152 |
|
00:13:09,160 --> 00:13:15,240 |
|
ุนูู ุงู charts ุฃูุซุฑ inflation ุงู risk ุงุชุทูุนูุง ูุชุทูุน |
|
|
|
153 |
|
00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:18,930 |
|
ุนูู ุงู risk ูุฐุง ูู ุงู .. until ูู average annual |
|
|
|
154 |
|
00:13:18,930 --> 00:13:22,310 |
|
return ูุฐุง ุงูุฌุงูุจ ูู return ู ูุฐุง ุงูุฌุงูุจ ุงุณู
ู risk |
|
|
|
155 |
|
00:13:22,310 --> 00:13:24,770 |
|
ูุฃู ูุงู standard deviation of annual return |
|
|
|
156 |
|
00:13:24,770 --> 00:13:30,610 |
|
standard deviation of annual return ูุชุทูุน ุงุญูุง ุนูู |
|
|
|
157 |
|
00:13:30,610 --> 00:13:37,710 |
|
ุงู risk ุจุชุงุน ุงู inflation ุชุฏุฎู
ููู |
|
|
|
158 |
|
00:13:37,710 --> 00:13:44,190 |
|
ูุงู ุฃูุซุฑ ููู ุฃูุซุฑ ุชุฏุฎู
ู
ูุฌูุฏ ู
ู 26 ู 67 ููุด ุทูุจ |
|
|
|
159 |
|
00:13:44,190 --> 00:13:50,940 |
|
ุชุนุฑููุง ุญุฏุงุดุฑ why this ููุด ูุงู ุงู risk ู
ู ุณูุฉ ุงู 26 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
00:13:50,940 --> 00:13:55,080 |
|
ู 67 ุฃุนูู riskุ |
|
|
|
161 |
|
00:13:55,080 --> 00:14:04,760 |
|
ูู ุฃูู
ู
ู ุงูุญุฑูุจ ูุงูุช ูู ุณูุฉ 1929 ุดู ูุงู ููุงุ big |
|
|
|
162 |
|
00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:07,400 |
|
recession because of the big recession the big |
|
|
|
163 |
|
00:14:07,400 --> 00:14:11,260 |
|
recession this is why the inflation rate is |
|
|
|
164 |
|
00:14:11,260 --> 00:14:14,580 |
|
greater than any other stages |
|
|
|
165 |
|
00:14:15,630 --> 00:14:20,010 |
|
because of the big recession ุงููุณุงุฏ ุงููุจูุฑ ูู ูุชุฑุฉ |
|
|
|
166 |
|
00:14:20,010 --> 00:14:28,230 |
|
ุงููุณุงุฏ ุงููุจูุฑ ูุฏุฎูุช ุฃูุฑูุจุง ุจุญุฑุจ ุถุฏ ุงูุญููุงุก ูุทูุนุช |
|
|
|
167 |
|
00:14:28,230 --> 00:14:31,490 |
|
ุงูุญุฑุจ ุงูุนุงูู
ูุฉ ุงูุซุงููุฉ ูุตุงุฑ ุงููู ูุนู
ู ูุนู
ู ุณู ุนู
ูุฉ |
|
|
|
168 |
|
00:14:31,490 --> 00:14:37,370 |
|
ุจุฏูู ู
ุง ูููู ู
ุฏุนูู
ุงูุนู
ูุฉ ู
ู ุงู .. ุจุงูุฐูุจ ูุจุงูุชุงูู |
|
|
|
169 |
|
00:14:37,370 --> 00:14:41,390 |
|
ูุงู ุงู .. ุตุงุฑ ูู inflation ุนุงูู ูุซูุฑ ุชุถุฎู
ุนุงูู |
|
|
|
170 |
|
00:14:41,390 --> 00:14:45,150 |
|
ุฎูุตูุง ุฃูู ู
ูุงุญุธุฉ ุชุงูู ู
ูุงุญุธุฉ |
|
|
|
171 |
|
00:14:49,600 --> 00:14:55,460 |
|
ุงูู
ูุงุญุธุฉ ุงูุซุงูุซุฉ ุงููู ููุฎุฑุฌ ูููุง ุฎูุตูุง ุฃูู ู
ูุงุญุธุฉ |
|
|
|
172 |
|
00:14:55,460 --> 00:15:01,400 |
|
ูุงุฎุฏ ุงูู
ูุงุญุธุฉ ุงูุซุงูุซุฉ the third one the third one |
|
|
|
173 |
|
00:15:01,400 --> 00:15:05,120 |
|
if you look at this moderate inflation can offset |
|
|
|
174 |
|
00:15:05,120 --> 00:15:08,840 |
|
most of the nominal gains on low risk investments |
|
|
|
175 |
|
00:15:08,840 --> 00:15:16,170 |
|
ู
ูุงุญุธุฉ ุซุงูุซุฉ ุงูุชุจููุง ููู
ูุชูุจูุง ุจุงู slide moderate |
|
|
|
176 |
|
00:15:16,170 --> 00:15:19,850 |
|
inflation can offset most of the nominal gains on |
|
|
|
177 |
|
00:15:19,850 --> 00:15:25,490 |
|
low risk investments ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ูููุ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุฃู ุงู |
|
|
|
178 |
|
00:15:25,490 --> 00:15:31,550 |
|
lower risk instruments hold the majority of the |
|
|
|
179 |
|
00:15:31,550 --> 00:15:38,330 |
|
systematic risk in other words ุจููู
ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู the |
|
|
|
180 |
|
00:15:38,330 --> 00:15:40,590 |
|
lower risk investments |
|
|
|
181 |
|
00:15:42,110 --> 00:15:49,450 |
|
is subject to the impact of the systematic risk or |
|
|
|
182 |
|
00:15:49,450 --> 00:15:51,770 |
|
is a subject of the impact of the inflation rate |
|
|
|
183 |
|
00:15:51,770 --> 00:15:59,390 |
|
than any other securities ูุนูู ุงูุฃุฏูุงุช |
|
|
|
184 |
|
00:15:59,390 --> 00:16:05,170 |
|
ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ููููุฉ ุงูู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ุฃู ุฃุฏุงุก |
|
|
|
185 |
|
00:16:05,170 --> 00:16:09,700 |
|
ุงุณุชุซู
ุงุฑูุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ุจุงูุชุฏุฎู
ุฎูููุง ูุดูู ุงูู
ุซุงู ูุฐุง ุดูููุง |
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186 |
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00:16:09,700 --> 00:16:12,560 |
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ุงู treasury bills ุงููุฑู ุงู treasury bills ู
ุน ุงู |
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187 |
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00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:15,840 |
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commercial paper ุงุญูุง we sell commercial paper is |
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188 |
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00:16:15,840 --> 00:16:21,620 |
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one of the money market securities my question is |
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189 |
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00:16:21,620 --> 00:16:25,680 |
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which is hold higher risk ุฃู lower riskุ ู
ูู ุจูุญู
ู |
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190 |
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00:16:25,680 --> 00:16:28,200 |
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lower risk? treasury bills or commercial paperุ |
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191 |
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00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:32,920 |
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commercial paper ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ my question like this yes |
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192 |
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00:16:32,920 --> 00:16:36,560 |
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treasury bills who's holding lower risk treasury |
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193 |
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00:16:36,560 --> 00:16:41,140 |
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bills okay so treasury bills holding lower risk |
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194 |
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00:16:41,140 --> 00:16:53,080 |
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fine yes okay ูุนูู ุฃูู ู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ุฃูู ู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู treasury |
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195 |
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00:16:53,080 --> 00:17:03,520 |
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bills ุจุชุญู
ู ุฃูู ู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง |
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196 |
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00:17:03,520 --> 00:17:09,360 |
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ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง |
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197 |
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00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:13,000 |
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ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง |
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198 |
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00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:18,180 |
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ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง |
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199 |
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00:17:24,630 --> 00:17:27,670 |
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the majority of the systematic risk ุงูุชุจููุง ูููุงู
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200 |
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00:17:27,670 --> 00:17:30,970 |
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ุงููู ุฃูุง ุจุญูู ููู the majority of systematic risk |
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201 |
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00:17:30,970 --> 00:17:36,770 |
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is inflation ุงูุด ูุนูู ุญููุชูุ the majority of |
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202 |
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00:17:36,770 --> 00:17:44,070 |
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systematic risk is inflation ุบุงูุจูุฉ risk ุงูุด ุงู |
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203 |
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00:17:44,070 --> 00:17:48,690 |
|
systematic riskุ ู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงููุธุงู
ูู ุชุฏุฎู
ูุนูู ุบุงูุจูุฉ |
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204 |
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00:17:48,690 --> 00:17:52,590 |
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ุงูู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงููุธุงู
ูุฉ ูู ุชุฏุฎู
ูุนูู ูู ุงุญูุง ูุงุญุธูุง ููุง |
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205 |
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00:17:53,380 --> 00:17:57,900 |
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ูุฃู ูุฐุง ูู ุงูุชุถุฎู
ุงู I ู
ุธุจูุท ูุฐุง ูู ูุฐุง ุงู system |
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206 |
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00:17:57,900 --> 00:18:01,660 |
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of interest ููู ูุฐุง ูุฐุง ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงููุจูุฑ ู
ูู ุชูุฑูุจุง |
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207 |
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00:18:01,660 --> 00:18:08,340 |
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ุฌุฏุงุด ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ุฃุทูุน ู
ุซูุง ุงู ูู ูููุง 3.1 divided by |
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208 |
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00:18:08,340 --> 00:18:14,420 |
|
3.70 ุฌุฏุงุด ุชุทูุน ู
ุนุงูู
ุฃู 71 ุงูู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงููุธุงู
ูุฉ ูููุง 3 |
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209 |
|
00:18:14,420 --> 00:18:20,340 |
|
.71 ูููุง ู 3.1 ุงููู ูู ุงู inflation ููุญุฏูุง ุงูุบุงูุจูุฉ |
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210 |
|
00:18:20,340 --> 00:18:28,220 |
|
ุงูู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงููุธุงู
ูุฉ ูู inflation ุชูุฑูุจุง ููู 8% ุชูุฑูุจุง |
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211 |
|
00:18:28,220 --> 00:18:36,200 |
|
38% ุทูุจ ูุทูุน ุนูู ุงู commercial paper ูุทูุน ุนูู ุงู |
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212 |
|
00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:41,600 |
|
commercial paper ุงู commercial paper ูููุชุฑุถ ุงู |
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213 |
|
00:18:41,600 --> 00:18:44,360 |
|
return ููุง 5% |
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214 |
|
00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:51,500 |
|
ุงู systematic risk ุฃู ูุญูู ุงู inflation ุฒู ู
ุง |
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215 |
|
00:18:51,500 --> 00:18:53,560 |
|
ุจุชููู ุงู systematic risk ู ุงู inflation ูุงุญุฏ ุงู |
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216 |
|
00:18:53,560 --> 00:18:58,980 |
|
inflation ูู 3.1 ุจุฏูุง ูุดูู to what extent the |
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217 |
|
00:18:58,980 --> 00:19:01,780 |
|
inflation influence on the commercial paper ูุฃู |
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218 |
|
00:19:01,780 --> 00:19:05,200 |
|
ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู systematic .. ุงู inflation ุจูุฃุซุฑ ุนูู |
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219 |
|
00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:12,100 |
|
ุงู commercial paper ุจูููู 3.1 divided by 5 ุงููู ูู |
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220 |
|
00:19:12,100 --> 00:19:16,600 |
|
ุงู 5 5 percent ุฌุฏุงุด ุชุทูุน ูู ุงููุณุจุฉ ุงูู
ูููุฉุ |
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221 |
|
00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:30,720 |
|
ูู
ุ 62% ุฎูููุง ููุงุฑู ุจูู ูุฐู ูุจูู ูุฐู ูุฐู ุงู |
|
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222 |
|
00:19:30,720 --> 00:19:35,500 |
|
treasury bills ููุฐู ุงู commercial paper ุซูุงุซุฉ ู |
|
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223 |
|
00:19:35,500 --> 00:19:37,960 |
|
ุซู
ุงููุฉ ูู ุงูู
ุฆุฉ ู
ุนูุงู ุฃู ุงู inflation ุฃุซุฑุช ุนูู ุงู |
|
|
|
224 |
|
00:19:37,960 --> 00:19:40,740 |
|
treasury bills ุจุซูุงุซุฉ ู ุซู
ุงููุฉ ูู ุงูู
ุฆุฉ which is |
|
|
|
225 |
|
00:19:40,740 --> 00:19:44,520 |
|
higher ุฃูุซุฑ ุทุจ ูุดูู ุงู commercial paper ุฃุฏุงุด ุฃุซุฑุช |
|
|
|
226 |
|
00:19:44,520 --> 00:19:48,560 |
|
ุนูููุง ุฃูู ุฅุฐุง ูุงู commercial paper ููุฐู ุงู |
|
|
|
227 |
|
00:19:48,560 --> 00:19:52,940 |
|
treasury bills ูุฌุฑุจ ุงู stocks ูุฌุฑุจ ุงูุด ุงู stocks |
|
|
|
228 |
|
00:19:53,770 --> 00:19:59,610 |
|
ุงูู stocks ู
ุซูุง ููุชุฑุถ ุฃููุง 9% ุนูู 9% ูุดูู .. ูุดูู |
|
|
|
229 |
|
00:19:59,610 --> 00:20:03,810 |
|
ุงู inflation rate ุฃุฏุงุด ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุงู stocks ููุณ .. ููุณ |
|
|
|
230 |
|
00:20:03,810 --> 00:20:11,770 |
|
ุงูููุฑุฉ 3.1 divided by 9% ุนุดุงู ูุดูู ุฃุฏุงุด ุจุชุฃุซุฑ |
|
|
|
231 |
|
00:20:11,770 --> 00:20:20,990 |
|
ุนูููุง 34% 34% ููุงุฑู ุงูุซูุงุซ ูุชุงุฆุฌ ุจุจุนุถ look at this |
|
|
|
232 |
|
00:20:20,990 --> 00:20:34,060 |
|
83% ูุงูุฐู ูู ุฃุนููุ ุงููุฑู ุงูุชุฌุงุฑู ู
ุตุทูุญุ ุงูุฃุณุนุงุฑ ูู |
|
|
|
233 |
|
00:20:34,060 --> 00:20:40,460 |
|
ูุฑุตุฉ ุงูุงุณุชุซู
ุงุฑ ุฃู ูุฑุตุฉ ุงุณุชุซู
ุงุฑ ุนูู |
|
|
|
234 |
|
00:20:42,990 --> 00:20:47,010 |
|
on the rate of return is less than the impact of |
|
|
|
235 |
|
00:20:47,010 --> 00:20:50,330 |
|
treasury bills of the inflation on the treasury |
|
|
|
236 |
|
00:20:50,330 --> 00:20:56,490 |
|
bills ูุนูู ุฃุซุฑ ุงูุชุถุฎู
ุนูู ุงูุฃุณูู
ุฃูู ู
ู ุฃุซุฑ ุงูุชุถุฎู
|
|
|
|
237 |
|
00:20:56,490 --> 00:20:59,890 |
|
ุนูู ุงู treasury bills ูุฐู ุงูู
ูุงุญุธุฉ ุงูุซุงูุซุฉ ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
238 |
|
00:20:59,890 --> 00:21:08,770 |
|
ููุง ูู ูุชุจูุงูุง ุฅูุงูุง the influence of |
|
|
|
239 |
|
00:21:08,770 --> 00:21:10,390 |
|
inflation |
|
|
|
240 |
|
00:21:13,400 --> 00:21:16,180 |
|
ุฃู ุจูุฌูุณุงููู systematic risk because inflation is |
|
|
|
241 |
|
00:21:16,180 --> 00:21:23,780 |
|
systematic risk on |
|
|
|
242 |
|
00:21:23,780 --> 00:21:29,460 |
|
the influence of inflation or systematic risk on |
|
|
|
243 |
|
00:21:29,460 --> 00:21:36,580 |
|
the treasury bills is |
|
|
|
244 |
|
00:21:36,580 --> 00:21:45,710 |
|
higher than any other securities any other |
|
|
|
245 |
|
00:21:45,710 --> 00:21:50,630 |
|
securities ุฒู ู
ุง ุฃูุชู
ุงุญูุง ุดุงูููู ูุนูู ุฃุซุฑ ุงู |
|
|
|
246 |
|
00:21:50,630 --> 00:21:55,450 |
|
inflation ุนูู ุงู treasury bills ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ุฃุซุฑ ุงู |
|
|
|
247 |
|
00:21:55,450 --> 00:22:00,310 |
|
inflation ุนูู ุฃู security ุฃุฎุฑู ุฎูููู ุฃุฌุฑุจ ุงู |
|
|
|
248 |
|
00:22:00,310 --> 00:22:06,470 |
|
derivatives ู
ุดุชูุงุช ุงูุนูู |
|
|
|
249 |
|
00:22:06,470 --> 00:22:10,910 |
|
ุจุชุงุน ุงูู
ุดุชูุงุช ููุชุฑุถ ู
ุซูุง 70% |
|
|
|
250 |
|
00:22:14,020 --> 00:22:18,040 |
|
ููุณู
ููุง three point one ุงููู ูู ุงู inflation |
|
|
|
251 |
|
00:22:18,040 --> 00:22:25,140 |
|
divided by seventy ูุฏู ุจุชุทูุนุ |
|
|
|
252 |
|
00:22:25,140 --> 00:22:33,080 |
|
three point one divided by seventy three |
|
|
|
253 |
|
00:22:33,080 --> 00:22:36,060 |
|
point one divided by seventy ุฃุฑุจุนู
ุงุฆุฉ ูุฃุฑุจุนู
ุงุฆุฉ |
|
|
|
254 |
|
00:22:36,060 --> 00:22:42,380 |
|
ู
ุง ุฃููู ุฃุฑุจุนู
ุงุฆุฉ ูุนูู ุฃุฑุจุนู
ุงุฆุฉ ุฃู ุฃุฑุจุนู
ุงุฆุฉ ูุฃ three |
|
|
|
255 |
|
00:22:42,380 --> 00:22:45,280 |
|
point one divided ุจุณ ุซูุงุซุฉ ูุงุตูุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุชุทูุน zero |
|
|
|
256 |
|
00:22:45,280 --> 00:22:50,600 |
|
zero something ูุงู
|
|
|
|
257 |
|
00:22:50,600 --> 00:22:55,180 |
|
zero ูุงุญุฏ ูุฃุฑุจุนูู ูุนูู ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนูููุง |
|
|
|
258 |
|
00:22:55,180 --> 00:22:59,860 |
|
ุจุฃุฑุจุนุฉ point ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ percent ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูุงุตูุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูู |
|
|
|
259 |
|
00:22:59,860 --> 00:23:04,200 |
|
ุงูู
ูุฉ ูุนูู ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู inflation ุนูู ุงู derivatives |
|
|
|
260 |
|
00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:08,140 |
|
ุจุณ ุจุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูุงุตูุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูู ุงูู
ูุฉ so we conclude |
|
|
|
261 |
|
00:23:08,140 --> 00:23:12,330 |
|
that the treasury bills is more subject to |
|
|
|
262 |
|
00:23:12,330 --> 00:23:16,150 |
|
inflation than any other securities ูุนูู ุฃูุง ุจุญุงูู |
|
|
|
263 |
|
00:23:16,150 --> 00:23:21,130 |
|
ุจุนุทููู
ุฅูุงูุง ุจุนุฏุฏ ููุฌุงุช ูุจุนุฏุฏ context ุจุญูุซ ุฃูู |
|
|
|
264 |
|
00:23:21,130 --> 00:23:27,690 |
|
you digest this ูุนูู ุจุญุงูู ุจูุฐุง ุทุฑููุฉ ุฃูู ุชุตููู
|
|
|
|
265 |
|
00:23:27,690 --> 00:23:31,110 |
|
ุงูู
ุนููู
ุฉ okay |
|
|
|
266 |
|
00:23:35,690 --> 00:23:40,430 |
|
ูุฅุฐุง ุงู inflation rates ุจูุฃุซุฑ ูุชูุฑ ุนูู .. ุนูู |
|
|
|
267 |
|
00:23:40,430 --> 00:23:44,150 |
|
ุฃูุชุฑุ ุงู lower securities ููุง ุงู higher .. ุงู |
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268 |
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00:23:44,150 --> 00:23:46,670 |
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lower risk securities ููุง ุงู higher risk .. lower |
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269 |
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00:23:46,670 --> 00:23:51,950 |
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.. lower risk ูุฃู ุฒู ู
ุง ุฅุญูุง ุดุงูููู .. ุทุจ ูุดูู |
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270 |
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00:23:51,950 --> 00:23:56,850 |
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ูููุ whyุ ุฅูุด ุงูุณุจุจุ ุฅุญูุง ุญูููุง ุฅู ุงู fee ุจูุตูุฑ |
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271 |
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00:23:56,850 --> 00:24:01,310 |
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ููู but whyุ why .. why the .. the lower |
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272 |
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00:24:01,310 --> 00:24:04,770 |
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securities while the lower .. the higher securities |
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273 |
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00:24:04,770 --> 00:24:10,830 |
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or the higher risk securities fight |
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274 |
|
00:24:10,830 --> 00:24:15,450 |
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against inflation ูุนูู ุชูุงุฌู ุงูinflation because |
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275 |
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00:24:15,450 --> 00:24:20,650 |
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investors .. ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู inflation ู
ูุฑู ูุงุนุฑุฒ okay ุทูุจ |
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276 |
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00:24:20,650 --> 00:24:24,450 |
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ุงูุดุบู ุงููู ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ูุฏู ูู ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู |
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277 |
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00:24:24,450 --> 00:24:24,550 |
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.. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. |
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278 |
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00:24:24,550 --> 00:24:24,930 |
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ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู |
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279 |
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00:24:24,930 --> 00:24:27,130 |
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.. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู .. |
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280 |
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00:24:28,880 --> 00:24:32,820 |
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ูุนูู ุฃู ุงูinflation ูู ุฃุณุงุณ ุงูู
ุนูู ุงูู
ุนุฏุฏ ูู system |
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281 |
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00:24:32,820 --> 00:24:39,560 |
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of risk ูู ู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ูุธุงู
ูุฉ ุนุดุงู |
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282 |
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00:24:39,560 --> 00:24:44,500 |
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ููู ุงู lower risk ูุชุฃุซุฑ ูููุง ุฃูุชุฑ ูุณุจุจ ูุงุถุญ ุฃู ุงู |
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283 |
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00:24:44,500 --> 00:24:47,680 |
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securities ุงู lower risk securities they don't |
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284 |
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00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:53,120 |
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have a premium ู
ุง ุนูุฏูู
ู
ุด ุนูุงู
ุฉ ุนูุฏูู
ู
ุด ุงู ุงู ุงู |
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285 |
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00:24:53,120 --> 00:24:59,820 |
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the R is small ุงู the real R is small Real R ุฅูุด ูู |
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286 |
|
00:24:59,820 --> 00:25:05,980 |
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ุงู real Rุ ูู ุฅุฌููุง ุฅุญูุง ุทูุนูุงูุง ุฃุฎุฐูุง ุงู real R ู
ุด |
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287 |
|
00:25:05,980 --> 00:25:13,400 |
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ูุงุฏู R ุงู real R ูุงุฏู R ุจุณ ูุงุญุธููู ุนูู ุงู real R |
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288 |
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00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:19,820 |
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ุณุงุจุชูุง ูุฃ ููู ูุง ุจุงุจุง ุณุงุจุชูุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃููุฉ ุงู real R |
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289 |
|
00:25:19,820 --> 00:25:24,580 |
|
ุดููู ูุฐุง ูุฐุง ุงู real R ุจุนู
ูู ุนููู ููู ูู real R |
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290 |
|
00:25:27,100 --> 00:25:30,200 |
|
ุงููู ุจุนู
ู ุนููู cross ูู real R ุฅูุด ุจุชูุงุญุธูุง ุฃูุชู
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291 |
|
00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:37,180 |
|
ุจุงู real Rุ ูู ู
ุง ุจูุฌูุจ ุจุชุฒูุฏ ุฃููุฉ ุดูููุง ุงู real R |
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292 |
|
00:25:37,180 --> 00:25:40,840 |
|
ูุงูุ ูุงุฑููุง ุงู real R ูุงู small r ู
ุด ุฅุญูุง ูููุง ุงู |
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293 |
|
00:25:40,840 --> 00:25:46,300 |
|
real R ูู ุงู R .. ูุฐู ุงู R ูููุง nominal minus ุงู I |
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294 |
|
00:25:46,300 --> 00:25:52,480 |
|
ูุฅูุด ุจุชูุงุญุธูุง ุงู Rุ ุดู ุจูุตูุฑ ูููุงุ ุงู increase |
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295 |
|
00:25:52,480 --> 00:25:52,860 |
|
because |
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296 |
|
00:25:56,850 --> 00:26:02,030 |
|
the real R has a positive function with the risk |
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297 |
|
00:26:02,030 --> 00:26:11,270 |
|
ูุฐุง ุญุทููุง ูู ุจุงููู
R the small R ูุชุทูุนูุง ุนูู ุงู |
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298 |
|
00:26:11,270 --> 00:26:15,190 |
|
charts look at this chart look at this R ุดูููุง ุงู |
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|
299 |
|
00:26:15,190 --> 00:26:19,070 |
|
R ูุฐู ุดุงูููููุง which is bigger this one or this |
|
|
|
300 |
|
00:26:19,070 --> 00:26:27,560 |
|
one this one ุฅุฐุง ุญูููุง ูุฐู R ููุฏ ูุฐู R1 R2 R3 R4 |
|
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301 |
|
00:26:27,560 --> 00:26:36,120 |
|
ุทูุนูุง ุนูู R1 ุงู R1 ุฅููุ ุญูููุง ูููุง ุงู real of |
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302 |
|
00:26:36,120 --> 00:26:39,940 |
|
commercial paper ุงู real for the bonds ุงู real for |
|
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303 |
|
00:26:39,940 --> 00:26:43,520 |
|
the stocks ุงู real for the derivatives ุทูุนูุง ุงู |
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|
304 |
|
00:26:43,520 --> 00:26:46,380 |
|
real ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู commercial paper is greater than the |
|
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|
305 |
|
00:26:46,380 --> 00:26:52,050 |
|
real of the treasury bills whyุ because the higher |
|
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|
306 |
|
00:26:52,050 --> 00:26:57,610 |
|
the risk the higher are ูู ู
ุง ุจุชุฒูุฏ ุงู risk ูู ู
ุง |
|
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|
307 |
|
00:26:57,610 --> 00:27:02,450 |
|
ุงู R ุจุชุฒูุฏ ุทูุจ look at here again the higher the |
|
|
|
308 |
|
00:27:02,450 --> 00:27:06,050 |
|
risk ุงู risk ู
ุดู ุฒุงุฏ so the higher the R |
|
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|
309 |
|
00:27:09,260 --> 00:27:15,400 |
|
bigger and bigger as the risk become bigger and |
|
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|
310 |
|
00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:19,920 |
|
bigger as a result of risk ุทูุจ ุฎูููุง ุฅุฐุง .. ุฅุฐุง |
|
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|
311 |
|
00:27:19,920 --> 00:27:27,100 |
|
ุซูุงุซุฉ ูุงุฎุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ .. ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ saying as sigma .. sigma |
|
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|
312 |
|
00:27:27,100 --> 00:27:33,960 |
|
is a measure of risk as sigma increase as |
|
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|
313 |
|
00:27:33,960 --> 00:27:37,140 |
|
sigma increases R increases |
|
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|
314 |
|
00:27:40,380 --> 00:27:46,620 |
|
Okay, so this is the relation ุฒู number four |
|
|
|
315 |
|
00:27:46,620 --> 00:27:51,740 |
|
ู
ูุงุญุธุฉ ุฑูู
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฒู ู
ุง sigma ุจุชุฒูุฏ ุทุจุนุง ุฅูู sigmaุ |
|
|
|
316 |
|
00:27:51,740 --> 00:27:57,700 |
|
sigma ู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ูู ูู ุฏู sigma ุงู ุจูุณู
ููุง risk ุงู
ุดูุง |
|
|
|
317 |
|
00:27:57,700 --> 00:28:01,000 |
|
ููู ูู
ูู ุจุชูุงููู ุงู R ุจุชุฒูุฏ because of systematic |
|
|
|
318 |
|
00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:05,800 |
|
because of the total risk increase ูุฃู ุงู total |
|
|
|
319 |
|
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:10,600 |
|
risk ูุงุนุฏ ุจูุฒูุฏ ููู ู
ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู S ูู ู
ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู R ุงู |
|
|
|
320 |
|
00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:16,660 |
|
R ุตุบูุฑุฉ ุงูู
ูุงุญุธุฉ ุงูุฑุงุจุนุฉ as sigma increases ุฅูุด |
|
|
|
321 |
|
00:28:16,660 --> 00:28:19,840 |
|
sigma ุนุงุฑููู ุดู sigma ุงู standard deviation ุจุชุงุนุฉ |
|
|
|
322 |
|
00:28:19,840 --> 00:28:24,160 |
|
ุงูุชู ุงููู ุญูููุง ูููุง ููู ูุฐู standard deviation |
|
|
|
323 |
|
00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:29,340 |
|
ุงููู ูู standard deviation okay as sigma increases |
|
|
|
324 |
|
00:28:29,340 --> 00:28:36,810 |
|
ูู ู
ุง sigma ุฒุงุฏุช ูู ู
ุง R increases ูู ู
ุง R .. ุงู |
|
|
|
325 |
|
00:28:36,810 --> 00:28:42,410 |
|
real rate of return ูู ู
ุง ูุงู ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฒู ู
ุง ุฃูุชู
|
|
|
|
326 |
|
00:28:42,410 --> 00:28:46,010 |
|
ุดุงูููู ุจุงู chart ูู ุนูู ุญุงู ุงู chart ูุนูู ูู ุฃูุง |
|
|
|
327 |
|
00:28:46,010 --> 00:28:51,010 |
|
ููู ุทูุนุช .. ุทูุนุช .. ุงู |
|
|
|
328 |
|
00:28:51,010 --> 00:28:56,450 |
|
.. ูููุ ุงู R ุงู real ุฏุงูู
ุง ุจุชููู ู
ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู
ุนุงูุง ุงููู |
|
|
|
329 |
|
00:28:56,450 --> 00:29:00,130 |
|
ูู .. ู
ุนุงูุง ุจุงู .. ู
ุนุงูุง ุจุงู .. ุจุงู total risk |
|
|
|
330 |
|
00:29:00,130 --> 00:29:04,330 |
|
ุฎุฏูุง ุจุงููู
ุจุงู total risk okay ุทูุจ ุฎูุตูุง ุงูู
ูุงุญุธุงุช |
|
|
|
331 |
|
00:29:04,330 --> 00:29:04,570 |
|
ูุฐู |
|
|
|
332 |
|
00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:19,180 |
|
Okay ููู ูู
a dollar invested in treasury bills |
|
|
|
333 |
|
00:29:19,180 --> 00:29:21,440 |
|
from nineteen twenty six to two thousand grow to |
|
|
|
334 |
|
00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:26,300 |
|
twenty dollar but with a real value only ุดูููุง ุฑุบู
|
|
|
|
335 |
|
00:29:26,300 --> 00:29:30,160 |
|
ุฃูู ูู ุฅุญูุง ุงุณุชุซู
ุฑูุง ุฏููุงุฑ ูุงุญุฏ ุดูููุง ูู ุฅุญูุง |
|
|
|
336 |
|
00:29:30,160 --> 00:29:35,220 |
|
ุงุณุชุซู
ุฑูุง ุฏููุงุฑ ูุงุญุฏ ูู ุณูุฉ ุงูุณุชุฉ ูุงูุนุดุฑูู ูุณูุฉ ุงูุฃูููู |
|
|
|
337 |
|
00:29:35,220 --> 00:29:39,170 |
|
ูุชุณุนุฉ ููุณุชููุฏ ุนุดุฑูู ุฏููุงุฑ ููู ุงุณุชูุงุฏุชูุง ุงูุญููููุฉ |
|
|
|
338 |
|
00:29:39,170 --> 00:29:44,890 |
|
ูู
ุ 1.69$ ูุฑุฌุน ูู table ูู ุฅุญูุง ุงุณุชุซู
ุฑูุง ุฏููุงุฑ |
|
|
|
339 |
|
00:29:44,890 --> 00:29:48,410 |
|
ูุงุญุฏ ูู ุงู treasury bills ุจุณูุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูุนุดุฑูู ุงูุฃูููู |
|
|
|
340 |
|
00:29:48,410 --> 00:29:53,670 |
|
ูุชุณุนุฉ ุงุณุชูุงุฏุชูุง ุงูุญููููุฉ just point seventy ุทูุน |
|
|
|
341 |
|
00:29:53,670 --> 00:29:58,090 |
|
ูุฃู ูู ุนูุฏู inflation ุนุงูู ูุชูุฑ ูู ุฅุญูุง ุงุณุชุซู
ุฑูุง |
|
|
|
342 |
|
00:29:58,090 --> 00:30:01,550 |
|
ู
ู ุงูุซู
ุงููุฉ ูุงูุณุชูู ููุฃูููู ูุชุณุนุฉ ุฏููุงุฑ ูุงุญุฏ ุซู
ุงููุฉ |
|
|
|
343 |
|
00:30:01,550 --> 00:30:05,090 |
|
ูุงูุณุชูู ุงุณุชูุงุฏุชูุง ุจุณ one point seventeen ุงูุญููููุฉ ุงู |
|
|
|
344 |
|
00:30:05,090 --> 00:30:10,130 |
|
real ูู ุฅุญูุง ุงุณุชุซู
ุฑูุง ู
ู ุงู 26 ูู 67 ูุนูู ุงุณุชุซู
ุฑูุง |
|
|
|
345 |
|
00:30:10,130 --> 00:30:15,250 |
|
ูุนูู ุซูุงุซูู ุณูุฉ ุชูุฑูุจุง ูู ุงุณุชุซู
ุฑูุง ุฏูู ูู ุฅุญูุง ูุณุง |
|
|
|
346 |
|
00:30:15,250 --> 00:30:17,290 |
|
ูู just point twenty four percent |
|
|
|
347 |
|
00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:23,960 |
|
Okay ุจุฃูุฏ ุงูููุงู
ูู ุฅุญูุง ุงุณุชุซู
ุฑูุง ุฏููุงุฑ ูุงุญุฏ ุจุงู |
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348 |
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00:30:23,960 --> 00:30:26,160 |
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treasury bills ู
ู ุณุชุฉ ูุนุดุฑูู ู ุงูุฃูููู ูุชุณุนุฉ |
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349 |
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00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:29,560 |
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ููุณุชููุฏ ุนุดุฑูู ุฏููุงุฑ ุจูู ุงู reality ุฅุญูุง ู
ุง ุงุณุชูุฏูุด |
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350 |
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00:30:29,560 --> 00:30:32,780 |
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ูุนุดุฑูู ุฏููุงุฑ ุงุณุชูุฏูุง just ุทุจ ููุด ุงููุฑู ูุฏ ุตุงุฑ |
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351 |
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00:30:32,780 --> 00:30:37,480 |
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because of what because of inflation ูุฃูู ุงู |
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352 |
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00:30:37,480 --> 00:30:40,560 |
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inflation ูู ุนู
ู ุงูููุงู
ูุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูุงุช ุจุชุนุฑููุด |
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353 |
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00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:46,140 |
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ู
ุนูุงู inflation ุชุถุฎู
okay okay ุทูุจ |
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354 |
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00:30:49,580 --> 00:30:59,840 |
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ุทุจ ููู ุฃูุง ุจุฏู ุฃุนุฑู ุงูุนูุงูุฉ ุจูู ุงูinflation ู |
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355 |
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00:30:59,840 --> 00:31:04,800 |
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ุจูู ุงู R ุจููุณ ุฃูุง ุงู correlation ุณู
ุนุชูุง ูู ุดุบู |
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356 |
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00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:09,320 |
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ุงุณู
ูุง ุงู correlation ุงูุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจููุณ ุงูุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูู |
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357 |
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00:31:09,320 --> 00:31:11,720 |
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ูุชุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงููุชุฑุงุช ูุงู ุงูุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุฅูุฌุงุจู ุจูู |
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358 |
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00:31:11,720 --> 00:31:14,980 |
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ุงูinflation ู between real rate of return ููุชุฑุงุช |
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359 |
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00:31:14,980 --> 00:31:20,340 |
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ุฃุฎุฑู ุตุงุฑ ุณูุจู ุฎููููู ูุดูู negative correlation |
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360 |
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00:31:20,340 --> 00:31:24,460 |
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between real rates and inflation rates means that |
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361 |
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00:31:24,460 --> 00:31:27,940 |
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nominal rate responds less than 1.1 to changes in |
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362 |
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00:31:27,940 --> 00:31:31,740 |
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the expected inflation ูุฐู ููุดุฑุญูุงุ ุทูุนููุงุ |
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363 |
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00:31:31,740 --> 00:31:34,360 |
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ุทูุนููุง ุนูู ุงู chartุ ุจุฏูุง ูุญูู ุนู ุงู correlation |
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364 |
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00:31:34,360 --> 00:31:40,580 |
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ุงู correlation ุงููู ูู ุงูุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูู ุงู |
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365 |
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00:31:40,580 --> 00:31:45,100 |
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real rate of return ู ุงูinflation ู ุงูุชุถุฎู
ูู |
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366 |
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00:31:45,100 --> 00:31:50,310 |
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ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุณูุจูุ negative ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุณูุจู negative okay |
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367 |
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00:31:50,310 --> 00:31:56,490 |
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ูุฃููู
ุจูู
ุดูุง ุนูุณ ุจุนุถ ููุชุจู ูุงู ูุฑุฌุน ููู ุณูุจู ูู ู
ุง |
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368 |
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00:31:56,490 --> 00:32:02,610 |
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ุฒูุฏูุง ุงู inflation ุงู I ูู ู
ุง ุงู R ุจุชูุฒู ููุฐุง ุฅูุด |
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369 |
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00:32:02,610 --> 00:32:06,590 |
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ูุณู
ูู correlation ู
ุนูู negative okay negative ููู |
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370 |
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00:32:06,590 --> 00:32:09,230 |
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ูููุณู ุจุงู Excel ุทุจุนุง ู
ุด ู
ุทููุจ ู
ููู
ุชููุณูู ุจุงู |
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371 |
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00:32:09,230 --> 00:32:13,530 |
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Excel ุจุณ ููู ูููุณู ูุฌูุจ ุงู I ููุฌูุจ ุงู R real rate |
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372 |
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00:32:13,530 --> 00:32:18,130 |
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of return ู ุจูุนู
ู ูุณุงูู correlation ุงูุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูุทูุน |
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373 |
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00:32:18,130 --> 00:32:21,090 |
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ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูุจุนุฏูู ุจูุทูุน ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุฑุณู
ุฉ ูุฐู ูู |
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374 |
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00:32:21,090 --> 00:32:27,750 |
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ุญุจููุง ุฅุญูุง ูุฑุณู
ูุง ูุชุทูุน ุงู correlation spend one |
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375 |
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00:32:27,750 --> 00:32:32,950 |
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minute to look at this chart ูุนูู ูุงูุฑูุง ุฏู ููุฎุฉ |
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376 |
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00:32:32,950 --> 00:32:37,290 |
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ูุงุญุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู ุชููุฑูุง ุจูุงู chart and what you observe |
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377 |
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00:32:37,290 --> 00:32:46,610 |
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on this chart okay ููุง ุจุฏูุง ูุดูู answer ู
ููู
ููุง |
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378 |
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00:32:46,610 --> 00:32:54,510 |
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answer me in nineteen twenty six we have .. we |
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379 |
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00:32:54,510 --> 00:32:57,890 |
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haven't inflation we .. we haven't inflationุ yes |
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380 |
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00:32:57,890 --> 00:33:02,650 |
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we have inflation or we .. ูุนูู ูู ุณุงุนุงุช okay ู
ู |
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381 |
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00:33:02,650 --> 00:33:05,670 |
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ุณุชุฉ ู ุนุดุฑูู ูุณุชุฉ ู ุชูุงุชูู ุฎูู ุจุงูู ุงูู ุงุดู ุงู ุงู |
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382 |
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00:33:05,670 --> 00:33:09,370 |
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treasury bills rates ุงููู ูู ุงู black one |
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383 |
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00:33:09,370 --> 00:33:13,250 |
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ู ุงู inflation ูู ุงู blue one okay ุชู
ุงู
ุงูุด ูุงู .. |
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384 |
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00:33:13,250 --> 00:33:15,570 |
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ุดู ุจุทูุน ุงุตูุงุ ูุงูุช ุณุชุฉ ู ุนุดุฑูู ูุณุชุฉ ู ุชูุงุชูู |
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385 |
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00:33:15,800 --> 00:33:20,260 |
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inflation okay ุชุถุฎู
ุงู ู ุจุนุฏูู .. ูู ููุณ ุงููุญุธุฉ |
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386 |
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00:33:20,260 --> 00:33:23,240 |
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ุฅูุด ูุงู ูู ุงู treasury bills ุทุจุนุง ูุงูุช ู
ุนุฏูุงุชูุง |
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387 |
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00:33:23,240 --> 00:33:26,840 |
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ุชูุฒู ุดู ุงููู ุจูุฒู ุงู inflation ุงู treasury bills |
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388 |
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00:33:26,840 --> 00:33:30,820 |
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ูุงูุช ุจุงูุฃูู ุนุงููุฉ ู ุจุนุฏูู ูุฒูุช ุณูุฉ ู
ุน ุงูู
ุนุฏู ุณุจุนุฉ |
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389 |
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00:33:30,820 --> 00:33:34,500 |
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ุทูุจ ู ุจุนุฏูู ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุทูุน ุงู treasury bills ู ุงู |
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390 |
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00:33:34,500 --> 00:33:38,820 |
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inflation ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุทูุน okay ุฎูููู .. okay ููุงู
ู ููู |
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391 |
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00:33:38,820 --> 00:33:44,240 |
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ู
ูู ุตุญ ูุฑุงูุง ูู ุนู
ุงู ูุงูุช ุจูุงูู ุงูุดุฑุงุจุงุช ุงู ูู ููุง |
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392 |
|
00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:48,940 |
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negative correlation ุทูุน ู ูุงู look at this ูู |
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393 |
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00:33:48,940 --> 00:33:54,620 |
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ุงุญูุง ููุง ูู ุงูููุทุฉ ูุฐู ุจุณ just observe on this ูู |
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394 |
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00:33:54,620 --> 00:33:58,040 |
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ุงุญูุง ุฃุฎุฐูุง ุงูููุทุฉ ูุฐู ููู ููุทุฉ ู
ูุงุญุธ ุงูู ุงู |
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395 |
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00:33:58,040 --> 00:34:02,640 |
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treasury bills increase ููู ุงูinflation decrease |
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396 |
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00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:08,720 |
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ูุงู correlation ุงูุด ูุงู negative through the time |
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397 |
|
00:34:08,720 --> 00:34:12,060 |
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ู
ุน ุงูุฒู
ู ุงู correlation ุดู ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุจูุตูุฑ |
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398 |
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00:34:12,060 --> 00:34:17,170 |
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positive ูุญุธุฉ ูุนูู ุงู treasury bills ุงู inflation |
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399 |
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00:34:17,170 --> 00:34:24,190 |
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ูุฒู ุงู treasury bills ูุฒูุช ู
ุนุงูุง okay so ุฏู ุงุฐุง |
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400 |
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00:34:24,190 --> 00:34:29,550 |
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ุงุญูุง ุจูุญูู ุจุงููุญุธุฉ ู
ุชู ุงุชุบูุฑุช ุงูุชูุฌูุ ูุจู ุงู 68 |
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401 |
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00:34:29,550 --> 00:34:34,130 |
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ุดูููุง ุจุงู .. ูุจู ุงู 68 ุฃู ูุจู ุงู 66 ูุงู ูู |
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402 |
|
00:34:34,130 --> 00:34:38,590 |
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negative correlation ู ุจุนุฏูู ุตุงุฑ positive ูุนูู |
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403 |
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00:34:38,590 --> 00:34:42,050 |
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ุตุงุฑุช ุงู inflation ุชู
ุดู ุจุงูุฒู .. ูุนูู ูุจุฏู ูุงู ุงูู |
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404 |
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00:34:42,050 --> 00:34:46,030 |
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ุฒู
ุงู ุงูู ุงู .. ุงู financial ุงููุงูุน ุงู .. ู
ุง ููุด |
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405 |
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00:34:46,030 --> 00:34:51,270 |
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ูุธุงู
ู
ุงูู ูุนูู ุงู inflation ู
ุด ูู ุงู .. ุงู .. the |
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406 |
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00:34:51,270 --> 00:34:57,290 |
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main .. the main systematic risk ุจุนุฏ ููู ุตุงุฑุช ุงู ุงู |
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407 |
|
00:34:57,290 --> 00:35:00,550 |
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treasury bills ุทูุนูุง .. ุทูุนูุง ุงูููุทุฉ ูุฐู ูู ุงู 76 |
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408 |
|
00:35:00,550 --> 00:35:08,190 |
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ุงู .. ุงู inflation ุฒุงุฏุช ู ุงู treasury bills ุฒุงุฏุช |
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409 |
|
00:35:08,190 --> 00:35:11,730 |
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ุงู treasury bills ุฒุงุฏุช ู ุงู inflation ุฒุงุฏุช ุฑุงุญูุง |
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410 |
|
00:35:11,730 --> 00:35:16,150 |
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ูุฒููุง ู
ุน ุจุนุถ ุฒู ู
ุง ุงูุชูุง ุดุงูููู ูุฒููุง ู
ุน ุจุนุถ ุทูุนูุง |
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411 |
|
00:35:16,150 --> 00:35:20,830 |
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ู
ุน ุจุนุถ ูุฒููุง ู
ุน ุจุนุถ ุทูุนูุง ู
ุน ุจุนุถ ููู ูู ุงุญูุง ุทูุนูุง |
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412 |
|
00:35:20,830 --> 00:35:26,490 |
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back to before 1968 ูู ุงุญูุง ุทูุนูุง ุดูููุง ุงู |
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413 |
|
00:35:26,490 --> 00:35:31,530 |
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inflation ุฒุงุฏุช ูุฐู ุงูุฎูุถุช ุฃู ุซุงุจุชุฉ ูุงู ู
ุซูุง ุดูููุง |
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414 |
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00:35:31,530 --> 00:35:35,390 |
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ุงูููุทุฉ ูุฐู ุฒุงุฏุช ูุฐู ุงูุฎูุถุช ู this is important |
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415 |
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00:35:35,390 --> 00:35:39,050 |
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make |
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416 |
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00:35:39,050 --> 00:35:42,050 |
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.. make the correlation positive ุจูุฎูู ุงู .. ุงู |
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417 |
|
00:35:42,050 --> 00:35:42,970 |
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correlation positive |
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418 |
|
00:35:45,540 --> 00:35:48,240 |
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ุงูุฃุฏูุงุช ุงูู
ุงููุฉ ุจุงูุธุจุท ูุงูุช ุงู inflation ู
ุด ูู |
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419 |
|
00:35:48,240 --> 00:35:54,080 |
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ุงูุนุงู
ู ุงูุฑุฆูุณู ููู ุตุงุฑุช ุงู .. ุทูุจ ุงุฐุง ูุฐุง ุงููู |
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420 |
|
00:35:54,080 --> 00:35:59,920 |
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ุงุญูุง ุจุฏู ุงุญูู ููู ุงูููู
ู ูู ุญุฏ ุนูุฏู ุณุคุงูุ |
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