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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุจู†ุญุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฑุญุจ ููŠูƒู…
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ุจู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
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ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆู†ุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูุตู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชู…ูŠุฒ ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฅู† ุดุงุก
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ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู… ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฌูˆุงุก ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุนุดู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ูˆุฑุจู†ุง
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒู„ู„ ุฌู‡ุฏูƒู… ุจุงู„ู€ .. ุจุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ ูˆุงู„ุชููˆู‚ ูŠู…ูƒู†
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ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆููˆู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฏุฑุณุชูƒู…ุด ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ
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ูุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุด ู…ูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ูุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุฃูŠู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูŠุจูŠู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ Asad .. Asad ู‡ูˆ
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณูƒู… ุงู„ู€ course ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูƒู† ุญุตู„ ููŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏุงูˆู„
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ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ููŠ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ
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ู„ุญุธุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑุณูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู ..
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ..
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ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ุฃู†
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ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆุงุธุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุญุถุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช
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ูŠ .. ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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homework ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุฒู„ุด ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญู„
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ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ูˆู…ุง ุชุชุฑูƒู…ุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
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00:02:16,610 --> 00:02:20,150
ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ูˆูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุณุชูˆุนุจู‡ุง
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ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุญู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ
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ุงู„ู€ homework assignment ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนุทูŠูƒู… syllabus
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ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
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course outline ุฃูˆ ู…ู„ุฎุต ู„ู€ course ูˆ syllabus ููŠู‡ ูƒู„
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ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ textbook ุนู†
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ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ุงู„ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุชุนุงู†
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ุจูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุฃูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ
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00:03:00,630 --> 00:03:08,940
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ูˆูƒูŠู ุชูˆุฒูŠุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ ..
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ุขู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูˆุฒูŠุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุชูˆุฒูŠุน
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ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ู€ evaluation policy ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุงู„ู€ course
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ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ syllabus ูˆููŠ
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ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุถุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ homework assignments ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู€ homework ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชุญู„ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ
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ูููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูƒู„ section ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฎุชุงุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุด ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ
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ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุญู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆุงู‡ุง ู…ุชูˆุงุถุน ุฃูˆ ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุญู„
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„
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00:04:01,680 --> 00:04:05,940
ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุญุถุฑุช ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุฏุฑุณุช ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณ
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00:04:05,940 --> 00:04:09,640
ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ู€ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ู€ุง ุชุญู„ ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูŠู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด ุฃูƒุซุฑ
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ุงู„ู€ .. ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุตุนุจุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฃู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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ููŠ .. ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุญู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูˆ ู†ุญู„ ุจุนุถู‡ุง
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ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุตุนุจุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ูุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
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00:04:28,510 --> 00:04:32,690
ุฏูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฎุตุต ุซู„ุงุซ ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆ
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ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุณุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ course ู„ูƒู†
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ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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00:04:42,660 --> 00:04:47,280
ุฃุฎุตุต ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ูˆู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุงุŒ ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ
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ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆ ..
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ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจู…ูƒุงู†ูƒู… ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฃู†ุชู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุณุชุบู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุณุงุนุงุช
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00:05:00,370 --> 00:05:06,330
ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจูŠุฉ ูˆุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงุณุชูุณุงุฑุŒ ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ
53
00:05:06,330 --> 00:05:12,350
ุจุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจ ูˆุชุชู†ุงู‚ุด ู…ุนุงู‡ุŒ
54
00:05:12,350 --> 00:05:19,010
ุชุณุฃู„ู†ูŠ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ุฃูˆ
55
00:05:19,010 --> 00:05:24,050
ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุฏุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุฃุฎูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒู…ุŒ ู…ุง ุจุนุฑูุด .. ุถุงูŠู„ูŠู†
56
00:05:24,050 --> 00:05:29,530
ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบูŠุฑูˆุงุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
57
00:05:29,530 --> 00:05:33,270
ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุนูŠู†ูˆุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒุชุจู‡ุง
58
00:05:33,270 --> 00:05:37,450
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ syllabus ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏูƒู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€
59
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internet ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ูˆุณุงุฆู„
60
00:05:41,910 --> 00:05:45,670
ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก .. ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
61
00:05:45,670 --> 00:05:51,010
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญุถุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุชุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุชุญู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ูˆ
62
00:05:51,010 --> 00:05:55,910
ุชุชู†ุงู‚ุดูˆุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณ ุฃูƒุซุฑ .. ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจููŠุฏูƒู… ู…ุฏุฑุณ
63
00:05:55,910 --> 00:06:00,660
ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุจุฎู„ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุฌุงูˆุจ
64
00:06:00,660 --> 00:06:05,520
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุฆู„ุชูƒู… ูˆุงุณุชูุณุงุฑุงุชูƒู… ุณูˆุงุก .. ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ
65
00:06:05,520 --> 00:06:10,800
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุณุงุฑุงุช ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ homework ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
66
00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:17,640
ุงู„ู€ material ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง okay ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ
67
00:06:17,640 --> 00:06:24,860
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงู„ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุงู„ู€ ..
68
00:06:24,860 --> 00:06:27,880
ุงู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู…ูƒุงุชุจู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ูˆ
69
00:06:27,880 --> 00:06:33,980
ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูƒุงุชุจู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุฒูˆุญ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ ู…ู†
70
00:06:33,980 --> 00:06:39,940
ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูู„ุณู‡ ู…ูƒุงุชุจู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง
71
00:06:39,940 --> 00:06:43,900
ุงุณุชู‚ุฑู†ุงุด ู .. ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠุฉ
72
00:06:43,900 --> 00:06:49,040
ุฃุฌู‡ุฒู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู€ syllabus ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ course ูˆู‡ุญุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰
73
00:06:49,040 --> 00:06:53,990
ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุชุจุนุชูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ูƒู… ุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ..
74
00:06:53,990 --> 00:07:01,310
ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒู… ุชุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณ ููŠ
75
00:07:01,310 --> 00:07:05,450
ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ุฃู†ุง ุจุถุนู‡ุง ู†ุตููŠุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ
76
00:07:05,450 --> 00:07:10,970
ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช
77
00:07:10,970 --> 00:07:15,230
ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฏุฑุณ .. ุฃ .. ุฃู†ุฒู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ูˆ
78
00:07:15,230 --> 00:07:19,190
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃู†ุชู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง copy ูˆ paste ูˆุฅุด ุฒูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
79
00:07:20,970 --> 00:07:26,830
ุฅุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠุนุด ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุจุณ
80
00:07:26,830 --> 00:07:34,410
ุฃูƒุชุจู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุชุจุนุชูŠ ุนุดุงู†
81
00:07:34,410 --> 00:07:38,750
ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูˆู‡ุชุฑุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุฎุดูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ
82
00:07:38,750 --> 00:07:43,080
ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ูˆุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุฃูˆ
83
00:07:43,080 --> 00:07:55,920
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ http://www
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.iogaza
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.edu
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.ps
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backslash employee habil
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ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ
89
00:08:26,830 --> 00:08:35,790
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ introduction text ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ู‡ูˆ
90
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ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† introduction
91
00:08:43,370 --> 00:08:54,990
introduction to real analysis by
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00:08:54,990 --> 00:09:01,770
bartel sherbert
93
00:09:01,770 --> 00:09:08,830
or bartel and
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00:09:08,830 --> 00:09:09,590
sherbert
95
00:09:13,410 --> 00:09:22,990
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุจุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ third edition ุฅุฐุง
96
00:09:22,990 --> 00:09:27,270
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง
97
00:09:27,270 --> 00:09:30,670
ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู…
98
00:09:30,670 --> 00:09:32,610
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุดุชุฑูˆู‡
99
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Okay ุฅุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุชุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
100
00:09:39,090 --> 00:09:44,970
ู„ู„ู€ .. ู„ู„ู€ course ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ
101
00:09:44,970 --> 00:09:48,690
ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑุช ุณูŠุงุณุชู‡ุงุŒ ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู†ุนุทูŠ ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ูŠู†
102
00:09:48,690 --> 00:09:53,950
ู†ุตููŠูŠู† ูˆุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑุช ูˆุฑุฌุนุช
103
00:09:53,950 --> 00:09:59,450
ู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู†ุตู ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ูู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠู„ูƒู…
104
00:09:59,450 --> 00:10:04,270
ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนุดุงู†
105
00:10:04,270 --> 00:10:07,350
ุฃุณุนุฏ ุฃู†ุง ูˆูŠุงู‡ ูˆุจุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฑุณูƒู… ูุนุดุงู†
106
00:10:07,350 --> 00:10:11,990
ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ู…ูˆุญุฏุฉ ูู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุญุฏุฉ ููŠุนู†ูŠ
107
00:10:11,990 --> 00:10:16,390
ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
108
00:10:16,390 --> 00:10:20,610
ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ูˆุชูˆุฒูŠุนู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ู‡ู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
109
00:10:20,610 --> 00:10:26,270
ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ู„ุฎุต
110
00:10:26,270 --> 00:10:29,890
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู„ุฎุต ู„ุง ูŠุบู†ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
111
00:10:29,890 --> 00:10:34,510
ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ูŠ .. ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูู„ูŠ
112
00:10:34,510 --> 00:10:38,210
ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฏุฑุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ุฃูˆ
113
00:10:38,210 --> 00:10:43,870
ุชุดูˆูู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ุจุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
114
00:10:43,870 --> 00:10:49,770
ุฃู†ุง ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ุตููˆุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู„ุฎุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ material
115
00:10:49,770 --> 00:10:53,690
ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุชุจุนูŠ ุฃู†ุง .. ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุฑุง ..
116
00:10:53,690 --> 00:10:58,550
ุจู‚ุฑุง ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ูุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงุนุชู…ุฏุชู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู„ุฎุต ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ
117
00:10:58,550 --> 00:11:02,130
ุญู„ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูˆุทูŠุจ ุฌุฏุงู‹
118
00:11:04,800 --> 00:11:11,100
ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ
119
00:11:11,100 --> 00:11:15,880
ู‡ุดุชุบู„ูƒู… ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃูˆ ู…ุด
120
00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:21,640
ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ูƒุชุจ ูˆู†ูˆุถุญู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง
121
00:11:21,640 --> 00:11:28,280
ู…ุด ู‡ู€ .. ู…ุด ู‡ู€ .. ู…ุด ู‡ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ุนุฏูŠ ุนู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู†
122
00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:31,880
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฃู†ุชู…
123
00:11:31,880 --> 00:11:37,440
ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุณุงุณุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู‚ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ
124
00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:43,200
ูˆู…ุงุฏุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ุง ุนู†ุงุด ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุตุนุจุฉ ู…ุด ุตุนุจุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏู‡ุง
125
00:11:43,200 --> 00:11:48,500
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูˆุจุฏู‡ุง ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุจุฏู‡ุง ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ูู‡ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†
126
00:11:48,500 --> 00:11:50,840
ู†ุณุงุนุฏูƒู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู†
127
00:11:53,810 --> 00:11:58,050
ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุจ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุฃุนุทูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ material ุฃูˆ ุฃุนุทูŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู…ู†
128
00:11:58,050 --> 00:12:03,170
ุฃูˆู„ ูŠูˆู… ูู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุดุฑุญ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
129
00:12:03,170 --> 00:12:06,730
ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ evaluation ูˆุนู† ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช
130
00:12:06,730 --> 00:12:12,630
ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ููŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุชู… ู…ุด ู…ุณุชุนุฏูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุชุนุฏ ุฃู†
131
00:12:12,630 --> 00:12:19,570
ุฃู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุงุฎุฐ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฑุงู‡ุง ู„ุฃ
132
00:12:19,570 --> 00:12:24,620
ููŠ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ูˆู‚ุช ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฐ ุดูˆูŠุฉ Okay ููŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
133
00:12:24,620 --> 00:12:31,880
ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณูŠุก ูˆู…ุด ุบู„ุท ูู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ
134
00:12:31,880 --> 00:12:39,120
.. ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ูุตูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูุตูˆู„
135
00:12:39,120 --> 00:12:45,080
ู…ุด ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ real number
136
00:12:45,080 --> 00:12:50,570
system ุฃูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃุณุงุณ ุญุงุฌุงุช
137
00:12:50,570 --> 00:12:58,390
ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ูุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุจู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ
138
00:12:58,390 --> 00:13:01,450
ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ band ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ section
139
00:13:01,450 --> 00:13:05,890
ุจู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ algebraic properties of R ุฃูˆ
140
00:13:05,890 --> 00:13:12,070
ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู…
141
00:13:12,070 --> 00:13:19,180
ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŸ ู†ุฑู…ุฒู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ู‡ุฐุง real number
142
00:13:19,180 --> 00:13:22,940
system ุฃูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู†ุฑู…ุฒู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ **bold** R
143
00:13:22,940 --> 00:13:30,440
ููŠ โ„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฑู…ุฒ ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ
144
00:13:30,440 --> 00:13:34,160
ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ. ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุนุฑู
145
00:13:34,160 --> 00:13:38,380
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุชูŠู† ุฌุจุฑูŠุชูŠู† two algebraic operations
146
00:13:39,430 --> 00:13:43,270
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฌู…ุนุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฃุฎุฐ ุนุฏุฏูŠู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ุฒูˆุฌ ู…ุฑุชุจ ู…ู†
147
00:13:43,270 --> 00:13:47,530
ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุจุนุฑู ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุนู„ู‰... ุนู„ู‰
148
00:13:47,530 --> 00:13:53,050
ุงู„ุฒูˆุฌ ู‡ุฐุง. ูุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุจุชุฌู…ุนู‡ู…ุŒ ุจุนุฑู ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
149
00:13:53,050 --> 00:13:57,570
binary operation ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ุจุฃุฎุฐ ุนุฏุฏูŠู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฒูˆุฌ
150
00:13:57,570 --> 00:14:01,910
ู…ุฑุชุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆ ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
151
00:14:01,910 --> 00:14:07,630
ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจ ุฃูˆ multiplication. ูู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
152
00:14:07,630 --> 00:14:10,830
function ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ function ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Cartesian
153
00:14:10,830 --> 00:14:15,490
product ุงู„ู€ โ„ ู…ุน ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ โ„. ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… binary
154
00:14:15,490 --> 00:14:20,210
operations. ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
155
00:14:20,210 --> 00:14:24,190
ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ โ„ุŒ boldface RุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ R ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
156
00:14:24,190 --> 00:14:30,370
ุงู„ู…ูุบูŽู…ู‘ูŽุฎุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูŠุชูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
157
00:14:30,370 --> 00:14:34,510
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุฎู…ุณ ุฎูˆุงุต
158
00:14:37,700 --> 00:14:43,380
ูุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
159
00:14:43,380 --> 00:14:47,200
commutative lawsุŒ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงู„ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน
160
00:14:47,200 --> 00:14:51,580
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
161
00:14:51,580 --> 00:14:57,180
ุฃุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน. ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ
162
00:14:58,760 --> 00:15:04,100
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉ commutative. ูุฅุฐุงู‹ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
163
00:15:04,100 --> 00:15:09,640
ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ูˆุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉ. ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
164
00:15:09,640 --> 00:15:15,960
ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ูˆุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช associative lawsุŒ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†
165
00:15:15,960 --> 00:15:21,460
ุงู„ุฏู…ุฌุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงุณ. ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฏู…ุฌ
166
00:15:21,460 --> 00:15:26,710
associative. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌู…ุน X ูˆ Y ูˆ Z ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ
167
00:15:26,710 --> 00:15:31,410
ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญุท ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงุณ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุญุทู‡ู…
168
00:15:31,410 --> 00:15:35,870
ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุณูŠุงู† ู…ุง ุจุชูุฑู‚ุด. ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุฌ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ associative
169
00:15:35,870 --> 00:15:44,050
law. ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฏู…ุฌ
170
00:15:44,050 --> 00:15:45,170
associative.
171
00:15:48,760 --> 00:15:53,220
ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ distributive laws ุฃูˆ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†
172
00:15:53,220 --> 00:16:02,130
ุงู„ุชูˆุฒูŠุน. ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุชุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน. ู‡ุฐู‡ X
173
00:16:02,130 --> 00:16:09,170
ู„ู…ุง ุฃุถุฑุจู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Y ูˆ ZุŒ ูุจูˆุฒุน ุงู„ุถุฑุจ X ุนู„ู‰ Y ูˆ
174
00:16:09,170 --> 00:16:15,470
ุจูˆุฒุน X ุนู„ู‰ Z. ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ู„ู…ุง
175
00:16:15,470 --> 00:16:20,330
ุฃุถุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูˆุฒุน ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
176
00:16:20,330 --> 00:16:23,590
ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ. ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฃู†ุง ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู† ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ู… distributive
177
00:16:23,590 --> 00:16:27,830
laws ุฃูˆ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุชูˆุฒูŠุน. ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุชูˆุฒูŠุนูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
178
00:16:27,830 --> 00:16:32,830
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน. ููŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ identity
179
00:16:32,830 --> 00:16:39,310
elementsุŒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูŠุฏุฉ. ูููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ
180
00:16:39,310 --> 00:16:40,110
ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
181
00:16:42,360 --> 00:16:47,040
ููŠ ุนุฏุฏูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุฑู…ุฒู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ 0ุŒ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ
182
00:16:47,040 --> 00:16:51,760
ู†ุฑู…ุฒู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ 1. ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู†ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ
183
00:16:51,760 --> 00:16:58,660
ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู†. ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ููŠ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ู…ุชู…ูŠุฒูŠู† ููŠ
184
00:16:58,660 --> 00:17:05,280
โ„ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
185
00:17:05,280 --> 00:17:10,340
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุชู…ูŠุฒ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌู…ุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ X ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ X
186
00:17:12,550 --> 00:17:16,290
ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุตูุฑ. ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ additive
187
00:17:16,290 --> 00:17:25,750
identity ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนูŠ. ูƒุฐู„ูƒ 1 ุถุฑุจ XุŒ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช
188
00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:30,370
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชู…ูŠุฒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ X ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ
189
00:17:30,370 --> 00:17:35,290
ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ XุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ. ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู„ ุนุฏุฏ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ. ุฅุฐุงู‹
190
00:17:35,290 --> 00:17:39,470
ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ multiplicative identity ุฃูˆ
191
00:17:39,470 --> 00:17:45,070
ุงู„ู…ุญุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ุถุฑุจูŠ. okayุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฎูˆุงุต. ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ
192
00:17:45,070 --> 00:17:46,890
ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ.
193
00:17:52,510 --> 00:17:59,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฃูˆ
194
00:17:59,710 --> 00:18:04,590
ุงู„ู€ inverse... ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ inverse elements ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
195
00:18:04,590 --> 00:18:12,220
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุธุงุฆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณุฉ. ูู„ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
196
00:18:12,220 --> 00:18:17,620
X ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
197
00:18:17,620 --> 00:18:25,860
ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุญูŠุฏ -X ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู€ โ„ ุจุญูŠุซ ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนุช X ู…ุน ุณุงู„ุจู‡
198
00:18:25,860 --> 00:18:32,040
ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนูŠ 0. ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ -X
199
00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:37,680
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ -X ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ additive inverse ู„ู€
200
00:18:37,680 --> 00:18:45,900
XุŒ ุงู„ู€ additive inverseุŒ ุงู„ู†ุธูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนูŠ ู„ู€ X. ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
201
00:18:45,900 --> 00:18:53,400
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุŒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑ ู„ู‡ ู†ุธูŠุฑ
202
00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:57,320
ุถุฑุจูŠ. ุนุดุงู† X ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ู†ุธูŠุฑ ุถุฑุจูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู†
203
00:18:57,320 --> 00:19:03,630
ุงู„ุตูุฑ. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ู…ุณุชุซู†ู‰ุŒ ุงู„ุตูุฑ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† X ุบูŠุฑุŒ ู„ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ู
204
00:19:03,630 --> 00:19:08,390
ุนู† ุงู„ุตูุฑุŒ ูููŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ there exist unique element
205
00:19:08,390 --> 00:19:13,390
ู†ุฑู…ุฒู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ Xโปยน ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู€ โ„ ุจุญูŠุซ ู„ูˆ
206
00:19:13,390 --> 00:19:18,530
ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ู€ X ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูŠุฏ
207
00:19:18,530 --> 00:19:23,450
ุงู„ุถุฑุจูŠ ุฃูˆ multiplicative identity
208
00:19:26,280 --> 00:19:33,100
ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธูŠุฑ ุงู„ุถุฑุจูŠ ุฃูˆ multiplicative
209
00:19:33,100 --> 00:19:33,800
inverse
210
00:19:36,420 --> 00:19:41,260
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ real number systemุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
211
00:19:41,260 --> 00:19:46,260
ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู…ุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง two binary
212
00:19:46,260 --> 00:19:50,880
operationsุŒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุชูŠู† ุฌุจุฑูŠุชูŠู†. ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌู…ุนุŒ
213
00:19:50,880 --> 00:19:55,400
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุถุฑุจ. ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุชูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุญู‚ู‚ูˆุง ุฎู…ุณ
214
00:19:55,400 --> 00:20:00,660
ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุฑุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
215
00:20:02,340 --> 00:20:07,060
OkayุŒ ุชู…ุงู…. ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ. ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†
216
00:20:07,060 --> 00:20:16,660
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡. ูุฃูˆู„
217
00:20:16,660 --> 00:20:22,320
ุฎุงุตูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฎูˆุงุต ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉุŒ ูˆุงู†ุชูˆุง
218
00:20:22,320 --> 00:20:26,340
ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ุจุณ ู…ุง ุญุฏุง ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุฃุณู…ุงุกู‡ุง.
219
00:20:26,340 --> 00:20:30,660
ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ ุจู†ุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุฃูˆ
220
00:20:30,660 --> 00:20:38,100
ู…ุณู…ูŠุงุช. ูุฃูˆู„ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ section ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
221
00:20:38,100 --> 00:20:43,340
cancellation laws ุฃูˆ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฐู. ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฐู ุฅูŠู‡
222
00:20:43,340 --> 00:20:46,580
ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฐู ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
223
00:20:46,580 --> 00:20:51,880
X ูˆ Y ูˆ Z ูˆ W ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆ W ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุตูุฑุŒ
224
00:20:51,880 --> 00:20:55,320
ูุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ
225
00:20:55,320 --> 00:21:03,040
ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุตุญูŠุญุฉ. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† X + Z = Y + Z
226
00:21:03,040 --> 00:21:11,540
ูุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ Z ูˆุฃุดุทุจ ุงู„ู€ Z ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Z ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู„
227
00:21:11,540 --> 00:21:15,220
ุฃุณุชู†ุชุฌ ุฃู† X ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุทู„ุน = Y. ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฃู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุนู…ู„ุชุŸ
228
00:21:15,220 --> 00:21:20,020
ุญุฐูุช. ูู‡ุฐุง cancellationุŒ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ cancellation laws.
229
00:21:20,020 --> 00:21:24,730
ุฃุญุฏ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฐู. ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
230
00:21:24,730 --> 00:21:31,150
X ร— W = Y ร— WุŒ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ุงุฒู… W ู…ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด
231
00:21:31,150 --> 00:21:37,070
0 ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ 0 ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ. ูุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ W ุฃูˆ
232
00:21:37,070 --> 00:21:43,350
ุฃุดุทุจ W ุฃูˆ cancelling WุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ
233
00:21:43,350 --> 00:21:48,890
ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน X = YุŒ ุจุดุฑุท ุฃู† W ู…ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด 0. ุฃู…ุง
234
00:21:48,890 --> 00:21:55,290
ู„ูˆ W = 0 ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… nonsenseุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฑุงุกุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡
235
00:21:55,290 --> 00:22:02,610
ุฃุณุงุณ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠ. ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุงุŒ ุดูˆ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง
236
00:22:02,610 --> 00:22:08,990
ุตุญุŸ ูุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุขู† ุชุนุฑูŠู ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
237
00:22:08,990 --> 00:22:15,810
ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ โ„ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุชูŠู† ุฌุจุฑูŠุชูŠู† ุจูŠุญู‚ู‚ูˆุง ุฎู…ุณ
238
00:22:15,810 --> 00:22:22,060
ุฎูˆุงุต. ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ุฎูˆุงุต ุฏูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุซุจุช
239
00:22:22,060 --> 00:22:25,760
ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ cancellation laws. ุฃู†ุง
240
00:22:25,760 --> 00:22:29,260
ุฃุฎุชุฑุช ู„ูƒู… ุฃุซุจุช ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹.
241
00:22:29,260 --> 00:22:35,710
ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุถุฑุจ. ูู†ุดูˆู ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
242
00:22:35,710 --> 00:22:39,090
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ู…ุซู„ุŒ ู…ู…ุงุซู„.
243
00:22:39,090 --> 00:22:43,110
ูุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุจ ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุญูƒูŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง
244
00:22:43,110 --> 00:22:47,570
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉุŒ ูู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑู‡ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุซู„ุŒ ูˆ
245
00:22:47,570 --> 00:22:52,950
ุจู†ุณูŠุจ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ูŠุชุฏุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุชู…ุฑู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
246
00:22:52,950 --> 00:22:57,970
ุฃูˆ ูŠุซุจุชู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ ูˆู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ. ูˆ
247
00:22:57,970 --> 00:23:00,210
ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุชุŒ ุฃู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง
248
00:23:00,210 --> 00:23:07,380
ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู„ูƒู†ุง ุงู„ุญู„. OkayุŒ ู†ุดูˆู ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
249
00:23:07,380 --> 00:23:11,640
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ. ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€... ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑุถุŸ ุฃู†ุชู… ูƒู„ูƒู…
250
00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:15,720
ุฏุฑุณุชู… ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุชุŒ ู‡ุฐุง conditional statementุŒ ู‡ูŠ
251
00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:20,860
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฑุถุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ. ูุจู†ูุฑุถ ุฅู†ู‡
252
00:23:20,860 --> 00:23:25,860
ุงู„ูุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ. ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุŒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„
253
00:23:25,860 --> 00:23:30,880
direct proofุŒ ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ู…ุจุงุดุฑุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
254
00:23:30,880 --> 00:23:35,560
ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุซุจุช X = YุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ X. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ X
255
00:23:35,560 --> 00:23:39,840
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุจุฏู„ X ุจู€ 1 ร— X ู„ุฃู†
256
00:23:39,840 --> 00:23:45,620
1 ร— X ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† X. ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ
257
00:23:45,620 --> 00:23:51,060
commutativeุŒ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉ. ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุจุฏู„. ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
258
00:23:51,060 --> 00:24:00,470
ู‡ุจุฏู‡ู„ู‡ W ร— Wโปยน. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ. ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
259
00:24:00,470 --> 00:24:04,490
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุถุฑุจุŒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ associativeุŒ ูุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡
260
00:24:04,490 --> 00:24:11,230
ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ associative law. ู‡ูŠู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุชู‡. ุงู„ุขู† XW ู…ู†
261
00:24:11,230 --> 00:24:15,550
ุงู„ู…ุนุทูŠุงุชุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ X ร— W = Y ร— W. ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฃู†ุง
262
00:24:15,550 --> 00:24:23,640
ู‡ุดูŠู„ XW ูˆุฃุถุน ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง YW. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
263
00:24:23,640 --> 00:24:28,360
ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ associative lawุŒ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ
264
00:24:28,360 --> 00:24:33,180
ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆุงุณ. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุฌุนู‡ = 1ุŒ ูˆุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€
265
00:24:33,180 --> 00:24:37,240
commutative lawุŒ ูุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ Y. ุฅุฐู† ู‡ูŠู†
266
00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:45,200
ุฃุซุจุชุช ุฅู† X = Y. ูˆู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุจุนุถ
267
00:24:45,200 --> 00:24:49,170
ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰. ุงู„ู€ real number system ุฃูˆ ู†ุธุงู…
268
00:24:49,170 --> 00:24:54,350
ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุจุธุจุท ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ logicุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุŒ ุฃูˆ
269
00:24:54,350 --> 00:24:59,010
ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช. ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู†ุŸ ุจุฑู‡ุงู†
270
00:24:59,010 --> 00:25:03,050
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุชุจู„ูƒู… exerciseุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
271
00:25:03,050 --> 00:25:07,290
ุงุชู…ุฑู†ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุงุชู…ุฑู†ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุชูƒุชุจูˆู‡ ุจู†ูุณ
272
00:25:07,290 --> 00:25:12,250
ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ. ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู†ุŸ ูˆุงุถุญ. ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ
273
00:25:14,950 --> 00:25:19,530
OkayุŒ ุชู…ุงู…. ุทูŠุจ ู†ุดูˆู ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ู„ุณู‡
274
00:25:19,530 --> 00:25:25,270
ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุณูŠุทุฉ. ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู†ุต ุชุจุน ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุงูŠู„
275
00:25:25,270 --> 00:25:30,910
ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชูŠู†. ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุชุจุนูŠู† ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุชุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุญุจ ู†ุณุชุบู„
276
00:25:30,910 --> 00:25:38,470
ูˆู‚ุชู†ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุงู‡... ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ. ุทูŠุจ ู…ุด
277
00:25:38,470 --> 00:25:43,530
ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุจุณุŒ ู‡ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู†ุต ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
278
00:25:43,530 --> 00:25:49,920
ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุจุฑู‡ู†ู‡ุง. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก. ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
279
00:25:49,920 --> 00:25:55,180
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐุช ุฃูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ XYZWุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง
280
00:25:55,180 --> 00:26:00,960
ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ Z ูˆุงู„ู€ W ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุตูุฑุŒ ูุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต
281
00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:06,650
ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุฃูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
282
00:26:06,650 --> 00:26:10,030
ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠุทู„ุน ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุงู„ additive
283
00:26:10,030 --> 00:26:16,050
ุงู„ additive identity ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ additive inverse
284
00:26:16,050 --> 00:26:21,510
ู„ู€ X ู„ู…ุง ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ additive inverse ู„ู€ X ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ูƒุฃู† ุฅูŠู‡
285
00:26:21,510 --> 00:26:25,390
ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู€ X ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ inverse ู„ู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ
286
00:26:25,390 --> 00:26:30,980
ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุตููˆูุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฑุถู‡
287
00:26:30,980 --> 00:26:35,360
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ multiplicative inverse ู…ุฑุชูŠู†
288
00:26:35,360 --> 00:26:39,940
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุดุฑุท w
289
00:26:39,940 --> 00:26:45,080
ู…ุงูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด ุตูุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ... ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ูƒูˆู†
290
00:26:45,080 --> 00:26:48,440
careful ุญุฑูŠุตูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจู„ู‡ุง
291
00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:52,910
multiplicative inverse ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช
292
00:26:52,910 --> 00:26:56,430
ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง real number ููŠ X ูƒุฃู† ุถุฑุจุช X ููŠ
293
00:26:56,430 --> 00:27:02,790
ุณุงู„ุจ ูู‡ุฐุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช X ููŠ ุณุงู„ุจ Y ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
294
00:27:02,790 --> 00:27:07,030
ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ูŠ ุถุฑุจุช X ููŠ Y ูˆุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ูƒู„ ููŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ
295
00:27:07,030 --> 00:27:12,850
ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐุช negative X ูˆ ุฌู…ุนุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
296
00:27:12,850 --> 00:27:18,470
negative Y ูƒุฃู† ุฃุฎุฐุช X ุฒุงุฆุฏ Y ูˆุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡
297
00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:23,680
ุตุญ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช negative x ููŠ negative y ูƒุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุถุฑุจุช
298
00:27:23,680 --> 00:27:31,880
x ููŠ y ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนุช x ุนู„ู‰ z ูˆ y ุนู„ู‰ w ูˆ
299
00:27:31,880 --> 00:27:42,120
ุฌู…ุนุชู‡ู… ูู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ ... ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ุงุช ูˆ
300
00:27:42,120 --> 00:27:47,350
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุจุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
301
00:27:47,350 --> 00:27:51,990
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฏูŠู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠูŠู† ูƒุงู† ุญุตู„ ุถุฑุจู‡ู…
302
00:27:51,990 --> 00:27:58,090
ุจูŠุณุงูˆู‰ ุตูุฑ ูู„ุงุฒู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุงูˆู‰ ุตูุฑ ูุฅู…ุง x
303
00:27:58,090 --> 00:28:02,830
ุจูŠุณุงูˆู‰ ุตูุฑ ุฃูˆ y ุจูŠุณุงูˆู‰ ุตูุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุฑุช ู…ุนูƒู… ููŠ
304
00:28:02,830 --> 00:28:08,430
ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุนููˆู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู…ุฑุช ู…ุนูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ูƒู…ุซุงู„
305
00:28:08,430 --> 00:28:15,100
ุนู„ู‰ indirect proof ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ูƒู…
306
00:28:15,100 --> 00:28:21,660
ุฃู†ุชู… ุชููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ
307
00:28:21,660 --> 00:28:28,520
ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุจุฑู‡ู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก okay ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„
308
00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:34,310
... ุงู„ material ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฃุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชูƒู… ู…ู…ูƒู†ูƒู…
309
00:28:34,310 --> 00:28:39,670
ุฃู†ูƒู… ุชู†ุณุฎูˆู‡ุง ูˆ ุชุฃุฎุฐูˆู‡ุง ูˆ ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด
310
00:28:39,670 --> 00:28:44,670
ุฏุงุนูŠ ุฃู†ูƒู… ุชูƒุชุจูˆุง ู„ุฃู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุณุฎูˆู‡ุง ูˆ ุชุญุทูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
311
00:28:44,670 --> 00:28:49,250
laptop ุชุจุนูƒู… ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ computer okay ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ู†ูˆู‚ู
312
00:28:49,250 --> 00:28:53,090
ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ูˆุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ู„ูƒู…
313
00:28:53,090 --> 00:28:56,710
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู† ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ูˆุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช ููŠ ุญุฏ
314
00:28:56,710 --> 00:28:58,090
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชูุณุงุฑ
315
00:29:03,220 --> 00:29:06,820
ุงู‡ ู…ู† ... ู‡ู†ุญุท ู„ูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุญุท ู„ูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
316
00:29:06,820 --> 00:29:12,660
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠูƒููŠูƒู ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ okay
317
00:29:12,660 --> 00:29:16,980
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ okay ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู… ูˆุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
318
00:29:16,980 --> 00:29:22,500
ู†ุดูˆููƒู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ูˆู†ู„ุชู‚ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฅู† ุดุงุก
319
00:29:22,500 --> 00:29:22,600
ุงู„ู„ู‡