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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ
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ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ pathway of corticospinal
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tract ู‡ุงู†ุฏูŠ corticospinal tract ุงู„ู€ corticospinal
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tract ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lower part of medulla oblongata ุจู†ู‚ุณู…
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ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ู„ู€ lateral corticospinal tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
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crossing 90% ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ crossing ูˆุจุชุฌู‡ ุนู„ู‰ lateral
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column of spinal cord ูˆููŠ fibers ุจุชุถุนู‡ุง direct
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ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด direct ุฃูˆ ventral corticospinal tract
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ุงู„ู€ ventral corticospinal tract ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู€
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anterior horns ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ both sides ู„ู€ respiratory
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muscle ุงู„ู€ ventral spinotalamic tract ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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ventral column of spinal cord ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
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respiratory muscle ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ lateral corticospinal
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tract ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ muscle of the upper and lower
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limbs ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ corticospinal
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tract ููŠ lower part of medulla ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ crossing
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ุงู„ู„ุงุชุฑุงู„ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูˆู‡ indirect
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ูˆู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ anterior muscles of the upper and
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lower limbs ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ direct ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ ventral ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
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ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง supplying ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ both anterior
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muscles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ respiratory musclesthe
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corticospinal tract the motor area of one side of
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cerebral hemisphere is responsible for movement of
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muscle of the opposite half of the body mainly the
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limbs ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ motor area ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cerebral
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hemisphere ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†The muscles of
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respiration are C-fibers from both cerebral
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hemispheres. This explains the absence of
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respiratory paralysis in hemiplegic persons ุญูƒู…ุฉ
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ุฑุจุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุฑุจู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ุฃู† ุนุถู„ุงุช ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ุชุจุนุงุช
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ุงู„ู‚ูุต ุงู„ุตุฏุฑูŠ ุฃุนุทุงู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Body Cerebral Hemisphere
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅู† ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู† ูŠุดุนู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฒุฑ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
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respiratory muscle ุจูŠุจู‚ุงู„ู‡ู… ุณุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุดูˆููˆุง ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุฑุจู†ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆุฅู„ุง ูƒุงู† ูƒุฑู… ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
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ู‡ู†ุง ุจู„ูŠุฌุง ุจุฏูˆุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุชู†ูุณ ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ุจุฏูˆุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุชู†ูุณ
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ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ุฑุจู†ุง ุฃุนุทุงู‡ู… innervation ู…ู†
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ุงู„ู€ both sides ุฑุจู†ุง ู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ventral
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corticospinal tract ู‡ู… ู‡ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
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fibers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุฑ ูˆู…ุงุนู…ู„ูˆุด crossing ูˆูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
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opposite side ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃู† ู„ู€ Lower Motoneuron System
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Spinal Muscular Fibers Spinal
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ Spinal control of voluntary
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movement originates at the anterior horn cells of
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spinal cord and corresponding cranial motor nuclei
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in the brainstem ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ lower motor neuron ุฑุญ
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ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ anterior horns ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ muscle ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
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spinal cord ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior horns ุชุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lower
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motor neuron ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ brain ุฑุญ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€ lower
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motor neuron ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ motor nuclei of the cranial
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nerves in the brainstem ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ูุงุณุจ ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ุชู†ูƒ
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ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู†ูƒู„ูŠุงุชูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ cranial nerves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
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ููŠ ุงู„ู€ brainstem ุชุนุชุจุฑ lower motor neuron ุงู„ู€ nerve
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lower motor neuron ุงู„ู€ neuromuscular junction lower
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motor neuron ุงู„ู…ุตู„ lower motor neuron function
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stimulation of voluntary motor at the level of the
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same side 2- Stimulation of muscle tone at the
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level of same side 3- Stimulation of deep reflex
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at the level of same side ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ู„ู„ุง
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ูˆุฑู…ูˆุทู‡ ู†ูŠุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุตุญูŠุญ ู†ุฏุฎู„ ููŠ muscle hypotonia
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ูˆ hyporeflexia ุฃูˆ areflexia ู„ูŠุด at the same side
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ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุจู‡ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ corticospinal tract ุจุงู„ุฎุท
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ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
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ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุทุจ ุงู„ุดุบู‘ู‡ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ .. ู‡ุงุฏู‰ Anti-reversals ู‡ุงุฏู‰
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ูˆุชูˆ ู†ูŠุฑูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุฌุณูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุท
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ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ุชูุตู„ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุชุญุช ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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upper motor neuron ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุดู„ู„ ุชุญุช ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ููŠ
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ุงู„ู€ upper motor neuron ุดู„ู„ ุชุญุช ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ
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ุงู„ู€ lower motor neuron ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูู‚ุท ุดู„ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ deltoid muscle ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ู†
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C5 C5 ุณูŠุฌู…ู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุตุงุฑ ุฏู…ุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Anterior
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00:05:21,710 --> 00:05:26,110
Horns ูู‚ุท ู„ุชู†ุดู„ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Toy ุจู…ูุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุชุญุช ููˆู‚
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00:05:26,110 --> 00:05:31,890
ุดุบุงู„ 100% ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ Lower Motoneuron ู„ูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู†
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ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ Lower Motoneuron ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Anterior
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Horns ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ fibers ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€
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Anterior Root ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุชุฌู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ sensory fibers ููŠ
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sensory fibers ุชู…ุงู… ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ motor ู…ุง
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ุฑุงุญ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุจุงู„ู€ sensory ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ motor ุฑุงุญ
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ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุจุงู„ู€ motor fibers ุงู„ู€ motor fibers ุจุชุชุฌู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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00:06:10,770 --> 00:06:14,460
peripheral nerve motor fibers ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ muscle ุจุชุบุถูŠ
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ุงู„ู€ muscle ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง anterior spinal root ู‡ุฐุง motor
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nerve fiber ู†ูุณ
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ segment ุงู„ุจุนุฏู‡ ุชุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior
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root ุชุญุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ posterior root ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†ู†ุง peripheral
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00:06:38,660 --> 00:06:47,160
nerve ูˆุจูŠุบุถูˆู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ muscle fibers ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€
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anterior horn cells ุชุนุชุจุฑ lower motor neuron ุงู„ู€
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anterior root ุงู„ุฃุฒุฏุงุฏ lower motor neuron ุงู„ู€
89
00:06:55,360 --> 00:06:58,200
peripheral nerve lower motor neuron ุงู„ู€
90
00:06:58,200 --> 00:07:01,080
neuromuscular junction lower motor neuron ุงู„ู€
91
00:07:01,080 --> 00:07:03,920
muscle fibers lower motor neuron ููŠ ุงู„ู€ brain ุงู„ุณู…
92
00:07:03,920 --> 00:07:07,470
ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุนูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุจุฑู‡ู† ุงู„ุณู… lower motor
93
00:07:07,470 --> 00:07:09,910
neuron ุงู„ู€ cranial nerve lower motor neuron ุงู„ู€
94
00:07:09,910 --> 00:07:11,770
neuromuscular junction lower motor neuron ุงู„ู€ muscle
95
00:07:11,770 --> 00:07:14,230
fibers lower motor neuron ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ lower motor neuron
96
00:07:14,230 --> 00:07:17,510
ุจุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ุฃู…ุง motor nuclei ุนู†ุฏ ุจุฑู‡ู† ุงู„ุณู…
97
00:07:17,510 --> 00:07:21,310
ูˆ ุฃู…ุง anterior horn cells ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุตู„ ู„ูˆูŠู† ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ
98
00:07:21,310 --> 00:07:28,710
ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุฏุซ damage ู„ู€ Corticospinal tract ุนุณุจ
99
00:07:28,710 --> 00:07:33,400
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุจุตูŠุฑ ุดู„ู„ ุชุญุช ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุฃุณู…ุงุนู‡
100
00:07:33,400 --> 00:07:37,580
ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ brain above
101
00:07:37,580 --> 00:07:40,920
decassation ุฑุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ opposite side ุนู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ
102
00:07:40,920 --> 00:07:44,500
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ opposite side ุทุจ ู…ุฑูŠู… ุตุงุฑ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ
103
00:07:44,500 --> 00:07:50,800
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู†ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู€ nerve ู…ูŠู† ุฑุงุญ ูŠู†ุดู„ุŸ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰
104
00:07:50,800 --> 00:07:54,460
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰
105
00:07:54,460 --> 00:07:57,900
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ side ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ level ุทุจ ููˆู‚ ุชุญุชู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
106
00:07:57,900 --> 00:08:01,680
ุณู„ูŠู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ lower motor neuron lesion
107
00:08:03,450 --> 00:08:07,570
ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ anterior horn cells of the
108
00:08:07,570 --> 00:08:12,770
spinal cord ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุจุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
109
00:08:12,770 --> 00:08:16,950
spinal cord ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ anterior root of the same
110
00:08:16,950 --> 00:08:21,300
side ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู€ peripheral nerve ู„ู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ in the plate
111
00:08:21,300 --> 00:08:25,060
ูˆ ุจุชุบุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ muscle ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ูŠู‡ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ voluntary muscle
112
00:08:25,060 --> 00:08:29,540
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง corticospinal tract ู‡ุฐุง above
113
00:08:29,540 --> 00:08:32,600
decassation ู‡ุฐุง below decassation ุงุณู…ู‡ lateral
114
00:08:32,600 --> 00:08:36,740
corticospinal tract ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูุฑ ู‡ูˆ anterior horn
115
00:08:36,740 --> 00:08:41,040
cells ู„ูˆ ูˆุฑุง motoneuron anterior root spinal nerve
116
00:08:41,040 --> 00:08:49,240
muscle fibers okay ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ lateral ุฃูˆ media
117
00:08:49,240 --> 00:08:53,200
corticonuclear tract ุฃู†ุง ุดุฑุญุชู‡ ูˆุฑุณู…ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ูŠุง ุงู„ู€
118
00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:57,000
media corticonuclear ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุจุฑ tract give fibers
119
00:08:57,000 --> 00:09:01,340
to ocular motor nuclei ู…ู† ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุน
120
00:09:01,340 --> 00:09:07,760
ูˆุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ in the brain stem from both cerebral
121
00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:10,850
hemispheres ูŠุนู†ูŠ bilateral ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Lateral
122
00:09:10,850 --> 00:09:16,070
Corticobulbar Tract ูŠุนุทูŠ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ู„ู€ Motor nuclei of
123
00:09:16,070 --> 00:09:20,490
cranial nerves ู…ู† ู‡ู…ุง TrigeminalุŒ Dorsal nucleus
124
00:09:20,490 --> 00:09:25,130
of Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, cranial
125
00:09:25,130 --> 00:09:29,950
accessory ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ู†ุง ุจุญุท ุจุณ ุตู„ุญูˆู‡ุง cranial accessory
126
00:09:29,950 --> 00:09:35,610
ุจุญุทูˆุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตู„ุญูˆู‡ุง cranial accessory ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
127
00:09:35,610 --> 00:09:38,730
both cerebral hemisphere ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู†ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† both
128
00:09:38,730 --> 00:09:43,070
cerebral hemisphere ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ ventral nucleus of
129
00:09:43,070 --> 00:09:46,330
facial nerve ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ lower quadrant of the
130
00:09:46,330 --> 00:09:51,710
face ูˆ hypoglossal nucleus ุชุงุฎุฏ only from opposite
131
00:09:51,710 --> 00:09:52,730
cerebral hemisphere
132
00:10:00,250 --> 00:10:04,070
Lateral corticonuclear tract ู†ุดุฑุญู‡ู… ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†
133
00:10:04,070 --> 00:10:07,590
ู…ู† ุจูŠุช ุงู„ู€ cells ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ area 4 ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู†
134
00:10:07,590 --> 00:10:11,870
ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ lower one third of precentral gyrus ุฃูˆ
135
00:10:11,870 --> 00:10:19,370
frontal lobe ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุชุฌู‡ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ corona radiate ุจูŠู…ุฑ
136
00:10:19,370 --> 00:10:22,790
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ apex ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ genu of internal capsule
137
00:10:22,790 --> 00:10:29,670
Descend in the brain stem ููŠ ุงู„ู€ midbrain ุจุนุฏ
138
00:10:29,670 --> 00:10:36,030
ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ุฑ ู„ู„ู€ pons ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pons ุงู„ู€ fiber ุณุจุนุฉ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
139
00:10:36,030 --> 00:10:41,590
ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ motor nucleus of trigeminal ูˆ dorsal nucleus
140
00:10:41,590 --> 00:10:46,030
of facial ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุชุฌู‡ ู„ู€ medulla oblongata ุจูŠุนุทูŠ
141
00:10:46,030 --> 00:10:47,130
glossopharyngeal
142
00:10:49,480 --> 00:10:54,160
ูˆ vagus ูˆ cranial accessory ู„ู€ ambiguous nucleus ูˆ
143
00:10:54,160 --> 00:11:00,100
ู„ู€ hypoglossal nucleus ุงู„ู€ hypoglossal nucleus
144
00:11:00,100 --> 00:11:03,540
ูˆ dorsal
145
00:11:03,540 --> 00:11:07,600
nucleus of ..ุฃุณู ุงู„ู€ hypoglossal ูˆ ventral nucleus
146
00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:11,460
of facial nerve ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง from opposite side only
147
00:11:11,460 --> 00:11:16,100
ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠู† ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ both side ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ both
148
00:11:16,100 --> 00:11:23,780
side ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุฎู„ุทุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠูƒูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑูŠ ููŠ ู…ุตุฏุฑ
149
00:11:23,780 --> 00:11:27,940
ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Trigeminal, Dorsal
150
00:11:27,940 --> 00:11:31,780
Nucleus Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus ูˆ Cranial
151
00:11:31,780 --> 00:11:36,390
Accessory ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ ambiguous nucleus of both
152
00:11:36,390 --> 00:11:40,410
sides ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุงูŠู†ุŸ from both sides except the
153
00:11:40,410 --> 00:11:45,070
motor nuclei of ventral facial ูˆ ุงู„ู€ hypoglossal
154
00:11:45,070 --> 00:11:52,570
ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ opposite side only function
155
00:11:52,570 --> 00:11:59,090
motor control of head and neck medial
156
00:11:59,090 --> 00:12:04,010
corticonuclear tract ุฃูˆ corticobulbar tract ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
157
00:12:04,010 --> 00:12:11,490
from motor cells present in area 8 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
158
00:12:11,490 --> 00:12:14,830
ุงู„ู€ frontal lobe ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ conjugate I center
159
00:12:14,830 --> 00:12:18,870
ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ corona radiate ููŠ apex of
160
00:12:18,870 --> 00:12:23,050
internal capsule ุจู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ midbrain ุจูŠุนุทูŠ
161
00:12:23,050 --> 00:12:27,670
fibers ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ both sides ู„ู€ nuclei ุงู„ู€ oculomotor ูˆ
162
00:12:27,670 --> 00:12:33,570
ุงู„ุชุฑูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ู„ู„ู€ pons ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ fibers ู„ู€
163
00:12:33,570 --> 00:12:37,610
ุงู„ู€ both sides ู„ู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ of abducent nerve ูˆ ุงู„ู€
164
00:12:37,610 --> 00:12:42,290
function ุชุจุนุชู‡ responsible for movement of both
165
00:12:42,290 --> 00:12:47,690
eye ู„ู€ eye movement ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒุช ุนุดุงู† ุจุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
166
00:12:47,690 --> 00:12:51,890
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ medial ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุจูŠุบุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ oculomotor ipsilateral
167
00:12:51,890 --> 00:12:57,450
contralateral ุงู„ู€ trochlear ipsilateral contralateral
168
00:12:57,450 --> 00:13:01,690
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ abducens ipsilateral contralateral ู‡ู†ุง
169
00:13:01,690 --> 00:13:05,630
ุงู„ู€ hypogloss ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃุฎุฏุช ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู€ opposite side ูˆ ุงู„ู€
170
00:13:05,630 --> 00:13:08,070
ventral nucleus of facial ุฃุฎุฏุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ opposite
171
00:13:08,070 --> 00:13:12,430
side only ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ both side
172
00:13:12,430 --> 00:13:17,650
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ both side classification of the motor neuron
173
00:13:17,650 --> 00:13:22,810
lesion according to the location of lesion upper
174
00:13:22,810 --> 00:13:26,650
motor neuron lesion ูŠุนู†ูŠ specific ุฃูˆ central ูˆูŠู†
175
00:13:26,650 --> 00:13:29,290
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ upper motor neuron ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฑุงุญ
176
00:13:29,290 --> 00:13:34,690
ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ corticospinal tract ุฃูˆ corticobulbar
177
00:13:34,690 --> 00:13:38,290
tract lower motor neuron lesion flaccid ุฃูˆ
178
00:13:38,290 --> 00:13:42,250
peripheral ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆูŠู† ุฑุงุญ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ motor
179
00:13:42,250 --> 00:13:46,050
nuclei in the brainstem ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ motor nuclei in
180
00:13:46,050 --> 00:13:48,790
the spinal cord ููŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior horn cells ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง
181
00:13:48,790 --> 00:13:52,510
ุฃุตู„ ู„ูˆูŠู† ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ according to affected limbs
182
00:13:52,510 --> 00:13:57,650
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† monoplegia ุดู„ู„ ุทุฑู ูˆุงุญุฏ right upper limb
183
00:13:57,650 --> 00:14:03,210
left upper limb right lower limb left lower limb
184
00:14:03,210 --> 00:14:08,570
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดู„ู„ ุทุฑู ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† hemiplegia ุดู„ู„ ู†ุตู
185
00:14:08,570 --> 00:14:12,650
ุทูˆู„ุฉ right hemiplegia left hemiplegia ุดู„ู„ ู†ุตู
186
00:14:12,650 --> 00:14:18,150
ุทูˆู„ุฉ right ุฃูˆ left paraplegia ุดู„ู„ ุณูู„ูŠ ุดู„ู„ ุณูู„ูŠ
187
00:14:1