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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الجزء الثاني من محاضرة |
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الأسبوع الرابع عشر اللي هو Anatomy and Physiology |
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of the motor system part two راح أتكلم على ال |
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muscles skeletal muscle راح أبدأ ب motor unit إيش |
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هو motor unit it is the functional unit of muscle |
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contraction يبقى functional unit of muscle |
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contraction يعتبر نفسه motor unit it consists of |
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one alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers |
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innervated by its axons هو عبارة عن muscle fibers |
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بياخدها من ون Alpha هذا ال unit بنسميه motor unit |
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عبارة عن muscle fibers مع alpha motor neuron مع |
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بعض هذا بنسميه motor unit المسؤول عن contraction |
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of the muscle fibers muscle tissue بقى المحاضرة رح |
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يكون على muscle tissue muscle tissue is the only |
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one which has the property of contractility يبقى |
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أنها علاقة هذه الأنسجة بالانقباض يبقى الأنسجة اللي |
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لها علاقة بالانقباض هي muscle tissue من وين تجينا |
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ال muscle tissue؟ من mesoderm .. mesoderm في هنا |
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ثلاث أنواع من ال muscle fibers يختلفوا عن بعض من |
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ناحية ال morphology و ال functional |
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characteristics إيش هذه الأنواع؟ أول نوع بنسميه |
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striated muscle اللي من ضمنه العضلات المخططة اللي |
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00:02:19,440 --> 00:02:25,340 |
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من ضمنه skeletal muscles و cardiac muscle في |
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smooth muscles العضلات الملساء طب مين فيهم |
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voluntary ومين فيهم involuntary العضلات اللي |
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00:02:35,700 --> 00:02:40,340 |
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بيغذيهم somatic nerves يعتبروا voluntary غمض عيني |
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فتح رفعت أيدي نزلتها هذا voluntary لكن العضلات |
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اللي بتغذيها من ال autonomic nervous system يعتبروا |
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involuntary اللي هم cardiac و smooth muscles |
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يعتبروا involuntary لأنه مابقدر اتحكم بحركة |
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الأمعاء أو المعدة ما بقدر اتحكم في نبض القلب أزوده |
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أو أقلله يقول هذه تعتبر involuntary muscles يقول |
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ال involuntary muscles العضلات اللي لا إرادية |
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cardiac و smooth أما العضلات اللي لا إرادية اللي |
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00:03:14,350 --> 00:03:22,910 |
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هي skeletal muscles في جسمنا تقريبا في 320 زوج من |
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36 |
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العضلات على اليمين و 320 على اليسار أكثر من 320 |
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00:03:27,990 --> 00:03:34,470 |
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يعني أكثر من 640 skeletal muscle في الجسم و ال |
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38 |
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00:03:34,470 --> 00:03:39,130 |
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skeletal muscle بتكون حوالي 40 ل 50% من وزن |
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39 |
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00:03:39,130 --> 00:03:45,540 |
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الإنسان يعني مهمة جدا ال muscle تشرب what's the |
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40 |
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functions of skeletal muscles إيش وظيفة skeletal |
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41 |
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00:03:52,800 --> 00:03:58,600 |
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muscles أول شيء produce movement of the skeletal |
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42 |
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00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:01,960 |
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يبقى أن هذا ال skeleton اللي شايفينه عند الإنسان |
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ما بمشي ولا بيتحرك بدون عضلات maintain posture and |
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44 |
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00:04:09,440 --> 00:04:17,080 |
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body position أنا الآن واقف أو جلست يبقى هذه لها |
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45 |
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00:04:17,080 --> 00:04:20,520 |
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علاقة البشرة و ال position بال muscle ب skeletal |
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46 |
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00:04:20,520 --> 00:04:25,860 |
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muscles support ال soft tissue حماية ال soft |
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47 |
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00:04:25,860 --> 00:04:30,720 |
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tissue حماية |
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48 |
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00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:35,480 |
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ال digestive system urinary other tract ال heart |
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49 |
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00:04:35,480 --> 00:04:41,280 |
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يبقى أن هذول العضلات بيحموا الأعضاء الداخلية and |
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50 |
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00:04:41,280 --> 00:04:47,300 |
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maintain body temperature اللي معلق ب regulation of |
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51 |
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00:04:47,300 --> 00:04:51,700 |
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the body temperature by the contraction of the |
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52 |
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00:04:51,700 --> 00:05:00,360 |
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muscle what's the properties of skeletal muscle |
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53 |
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00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:05,770 |
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tissue أو سؤال ثاني what's the characteristics of |
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54 |
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00:05:05,770 --> 00:05:09,710 |
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skeletal muscle tissue؟ إيش المواصفات تبع هذه ال |
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55 |
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00:05:09,710 --> 00:05:13,010 |
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muscle tissue بتاعة ال skeletal muscle؟ واحد |
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56 |
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00:05:13,010 --> 00:05:21,330 |
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excitability اللي هيبقى يعني ability to response |
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57 |
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to stimulus يبقى تستجيب العضلة لل stimulus ثاني |
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58 |
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contractility |
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59 |
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00:05:31,540 --> 00:05:36,080 |
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الانقباض it is the ability of produce muscle |
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60 |
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00:05:36,080 --> 00:05:44,280 |
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contraction ثلاثة extensibility ability of muscle |
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61 |
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00:05:44,280 --> 00:05:49,940 |
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to be stretched ال stretching of the muscle أربع |
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62 |
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elasticity إيش ال elasticity it is the ability of |
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63 |
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00:05:55,800 --> 00:06:03,950 |
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muscle to return to its original length متى when |
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64 |
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00:06:03,950 --> 00:06:10,270 |
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tension and contraction is released يعني في حال |
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65 |
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00:06:10,270 --> 00:06:16,490 |
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الانقباض في حال ال contraction بحدث قصور في العضلة |
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66 |
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00:06:16,490 --> 00:06:23,090 |
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لكن في ال rest لازم العضلة ترجع لإيه لطولها |
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67 |
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00:06:23,090 --> 00:06:27,150 |
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الطبيعي في ال rest أثناء النوم أثناء ال rest في |
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68 |
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00:06:27,150 --> 00:06:33,920 |
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الهدوء هذا ما نسميها elasticity of the muscle أخر |
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69 |
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00:06:33,920 --> 00:06:39,260 |
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شيء ال adaptation adaptability يعني العضلات |
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70 |
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00:06:39,260 --> 00:06:44,420 |
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بيحدث لها adaptation لبعض الحركات وبعض ال ايه |
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71 |
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00:06:44,420 --> 00:06:50,140 |
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المجهود اللي بيحدث عليهم طيب إيه ال connective |
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72 |
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00:06:50,140 --> 00:06:57,120 |
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tissue اللي موجودة حوالين skeletal muscle فيه هنا |
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73 |
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00:07:01,750 --> 00:07:07,770 |
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Epimysium و Endomysium هذه |
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74 |
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00:07:07,770 --> 00:07:13,430 |
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ال Epimysium تعتبر external stretch أو external |
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75 |
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00:07:13,430 --> 00:07:20,150 |
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sheath تعتبر إيه؟ تعتبر external sheath of dense |
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76 |
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00:07:20,150 --> 00:07:27,330 |
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irregular surround the inter muscle الداخل |
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77 |
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00:07:27,330 --> 00:07:35,400 |
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بتكون تمام؟ و contains large nerve, arteries and |
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78 |
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00:07:35,400 --> 00:07:42,840 |
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lymphatic vessels طيب ال perimysium had surrounded |
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79 |
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00:07:42,840 --> 00:07:48,420 |
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each bundle of muscle fibers فسكر رح نشرحكم |
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80 |
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00:07:48,420 --> 00:07:54,500 |
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معاها شوية it is penetrated by nerve, arteries and |
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81 |
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00:07:54,500 --> 00:07:59,650 |
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lymphatic vessels طب endomysium تعتبر reticular |
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82 |
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00:07:59,650 --> 00:08:05,870 |
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fibers surround the external lamina covers the |
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83 |
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00:08:05,870 --> 00:08:22,530 |
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muscle as whole يبقى |
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84 |
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00:08:22,530 --> 00:08:25,090 |
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نهائية أنها اللي هي |
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85 |
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00:08:28,560 --> 00:08:37,480 |
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إيبيميزيوم، بيريمي و أندومي اللي هنتكلم على connective |
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86 |
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00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:43,020 |
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tissue around the skeletal muscles في three layers |
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87 |
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00:08:43,020 --> 00:08:50,180 |
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في إيبيميزيوم و في بيريميزيوم و في أندوميزيوم ال إيبي |
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88 |
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00:08:50,180 --> 00:08:55,680 |
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بيكون خارجي it is external sheetof dense regular |
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89 |
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00:08:55,680 --> 00:09:02,460 |
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surround and cover the muscle as a whole يبقى هذا |
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90 |
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00:09:02,460 --> 00:09:08,480 |
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الغلاف الخارجي اللي بيكون حوالين العضلة اثنين ال |
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91 |
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00:09:08,480 --> 00:09:14,700 |
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بيريمي مميزة surround each of muscle fascicle هذا |
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92 |
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00:09:14,700 --> 00:09:20,030 |
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بيكون في النص بين الإيبي و الاندو بيغطينا و بيعملنا |
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93 |
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00:09:20,030 --> 00:09:27,090 |
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غلاف حوالين إيه الفاسيكل of muscle و بيعمل bending |
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94 |
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00:09:27,090 --> 00:09:33,270 |
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للفاسيكل together داخله بيكون موجود nerves, |
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95 |
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00:09:33,850 --> 00:09:39,130 |
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arteries and lymphatic vessels أخر جزئية اللي هي |
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96 |
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00:09:39,130 --> 00:09:44,370 |
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endomysia هذه بتكون وين تعتبر delicate soft tissue |
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97 |
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00:09:44,370 --> 00:09:50,450 |
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أو soft membrane cover the specialized skeletal |
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98 |
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00:09:50,450 --> 00:09:54,630 |
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muscle fibers بيكون داخلي هذا اندو داخلي و بيغلف |
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99 |
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00:09:54,630 --> 00:09:58,770 |
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ال muscle fibers و نفس الشيء فيهم اللي هو nerve |
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100 |
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00:09:58,770 --> 00:10:03,430 |
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fibers و arteries و lymphatic vessels زي ما احنا |
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101 |
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00:10:03,430 --> 00:10:09,540 |
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شايفين هنا هي ال epimysium و بيصلح حد التندين بيكون |
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102 |
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00:10:09,540 --> 00:10:13,520 |
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غلاف خارجي للعضلة كلها في هنا ال perimysium بيكون |
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103 |
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00:10:13,520 --> 00:10:19,020 |
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غلاف لفسيكل العضلة فسيكل العضلة و في هنا |
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104 |
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00:10:19,020 --> 00:10:25,800 |
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endomysium بيكون غلاف لمن؟ ل muscle fibers يبقى |
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105 |
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00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:31,700 |
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أن هاي ال peri بيكون في النص الداخلي endo و |
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106 |
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00:10:31,700 --> 00:10:36,660 |
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epimysium بيكون خارجي بيكون غلاف خارجي |
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107 |
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00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:50,460 |
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الآن باتكلم على definition of skeletal muscle |
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108 |
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00:10:50,460 --> 00:10:56,420 |
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skeletal muscle is composed of numerous muscle |
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109 |
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00:10:56,420 --> 00:11:02,080 |
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fibers يبقى ال skeletal muscle فيها fascicles و ال |
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110 |
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00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:07,980 |
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fascicles فيها muscle fibers each muscle fibers |
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111 |
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00:11:07,980 --> 00:11:15,710 |
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usually innervated by only one nerve endings هذا |
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112 |
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00:11:15,710 --> 00:11:21,990 |
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بنسميه ال motor unit the muscle fibers is surround |
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113 |
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00:11:21,990 --> 00:11:30,570 |
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by a thin membrane بيسميها sarcolema sarcolemma |
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114 |
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00:11:30,570 --> 00:11:37,010 |
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each muscle fiber contains several hundred to |
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115 |
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00:11:37,010 --> 00:11:42,390 |
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several thousand myofibril يبقى ال muscle fibers |
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116 |
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00:11:42,390 --> 00:11:49,550 |
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داخلها إيه؟ مئات و آلاف إيه ال myofibril يعني |
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117 |
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00:11:49,550 --> 00:11:54,290 |
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fiber muscle fiber fibril يعني مصغر من ال muscle |
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118 |
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00:11:54,290 --> 00:12:02,500 |
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fibers each myofibril is composed of about one |
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119 |
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00:12:02,500 --> 00:12:06,080 |
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thousand five hundred myosin filament يبقى فيها |
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120 |
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00:12:06,080 --> 00:12:09,660 |
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حوالي ألف و خمسمائة myosin filament و فيها ثلاثة |
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121 |
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00:12:09,660 --> 00:12:16,020 |
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آلاف actin filament هذا ال myosin و ال actin و هم |
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122 |
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00:12:16,020 --> 00:12:19,840 |
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علاقة بال muscle contraction و هم علاقة بال muscle |
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123 |
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00:12:19,840 --> 00:12:24,380 |
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contraction cytoplasm في ال muscle اسمها |
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124 |
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00:12:24,380 --> 00:12:30,690 |
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sarcoplasma smooth endoplasmic reticulum اسمها |
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125 |
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00:12:30,690 --> 00:12:34,390 |
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sarcoplasmic reticulum cell membrane اللي هي |
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126 |
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00:12:34,390 --> 00:12:39,070 |
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external lamina في ال muscle اسمها sarcolema يجب |
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127 |
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00:12:39,070 --> 00:12:44,310 |
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أن نلاحظ أن ال muscle بيعطينا several muscle |
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128 |
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00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:48,010 |
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bundle أو fascicles يبقى أن ال muscle بتعطينا |
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129 |
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00:12:48,010 --> 00:12:52,550 |
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muscle fascicles طب ال muscle fascicles بتعطينا |
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130 |
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00:12:52,550 --> 00:12:58,350 |
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several muscle fibers طب ال muscle fiber تعطينا |
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131 |
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00:12:58,350 --> 00:13:07,910 |
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مئات لآلاف myofibrils طب ال myofibrils تعطينا ألف |
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132 |
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00:13:07,910 --> 00:13:14,490 |
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و خمسمائة ميوسين و ثلاثة آلاف actin filament اللي |
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133 |
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00:13:14,490 --> 00:13:19,670 |
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لازمين ل muscle contraction واضح؟ لاحظوا ال muscle |
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134 |
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00:13:19,670 --> 00:13:23,700 |
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تعطينا muscle fascicle ال muscle fascicle بيعطينا |
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135 |
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00:13:23,700 --> 00:13:26,220 |
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muscle fibers ال muscle fibers بيعطينا ال |
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136 |
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00:13:26,220 --> 00:13:29,320 |
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myofibril ال myofibril بيعطينا ال myosin و ال |
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137 |
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00:13:29,320 --> 00:13:33,160 |
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actins اللي هم المهمين ل ال muscle contractivity |
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138 |
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00:13:33,160 --> 00:13:40,140 |
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هاني muscle داخل ال muscle فيه هنا اللي هم اللي |
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139 |
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00:13:40,140 --> 00:13:46,100 |
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بنسميهم fascicles ال fascicles بيعطونا اللي هو |
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140 |
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00:13:46,100 --> 00:13:52,350 |
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muscle fibers ال muscle fibers بيعطونا myofibril ال |
|
|
|
141 |
|
00:13:52,350 --> 00:13:57,370 |
|
myofibril فيها actin و myosin فيها myosin اللي هم |
|
|
|
142 |
|
00:13:57,370 --> 00:14:02,630 |
|
تقريبا 1500 و actin 3000 كمان مرة ال muscle |
|
|
|
143 |
|
00:14:02,630 --> 00:14:07,270 |
|
بتعطينا muscle bundle أو بعدها muscle fascicle أو |
|
|
|
144 |
|
00:14:07,270 --> 00:14:10,470 |
|
muscle fascicle ال muscle fascicle بتعطينا muscle |
|
|
|
145 |
|
00:14:10,470 --> 00:14:15,570 |
|
fibers ال muscle fibers بتعطينا myofibril مئات |
|
|
|
146 |
|
00:14:15,570 --> 00:14:19,910 |
|
لآلاف ال myofibrils ال myofibrils بيعطينا actins |
|
|
|
147 |
|
00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:27,030 |
|
and myosin اللي هم 1500 حوالي myosin و 3000 actins |
|
|
|
148 |
|
00:14:27,030 --> 00:14:33,570 |
|
المهمين ل muscle contraction muscle بتعطينا muscle |
|
|
|
149 |
|
00:14:33,570 --> 00:14:36,410 |
|
fascicles muscle fascicles بتعطينا muscle fibers |
|
|
|
150 |
|
00:14:36,410 --> 00:14:38,770 |
|
اللي هم ال cells ال muscle fibers بتعطينا |
|
|
|
151 |
|
00:14:38,770 --> 00:14:42,510 |
|
myofibrils ال myofibrils بتعطينا thick و thin |
|
|
|
152 |
|
00:14:42,510 --> 00:14:48,870 |
|
filaments اللي هم myosin and actin هي عندي muscle |
|
|
|
153 |
|
00:14:48,870 --> 00:14:58,140 |
|
حواليها epimysium بعدين الفاسيكلز حواليها اللي هم |
|
|
|
154 |
|
00:14:58,140 --> 00:15:03,200 |
|
بيكونوا perimysium حوالينهم هي ال perimysium هذه |
|
|
|
155 |
|
00:15:03,200 --> 00:15:09,920 |
|
حوالين الفاسيكلز الفاسيكلز بيعطينا مين اللي هو |
|
|
|
156 |
|
00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:14,360 |
|
muscle fibers ال muscle fibers حواليهم غلاف اسمه |
|
|
|
157 |
|
00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:19,820 |
|
اللي هو endomysium endomysium هاي ال endomysium |
|
|
|
158 |
|
00:15:19,820 --> 00:15:23,080 |
|
حوالين مين بيكون حوالين ال muscle fibers |
|
|
|
159 |
|
00:15:28,310 --> 00:15:34,770 |
|
sarcoplasm is the |
|
|
|
160 |
|
00:15:34,770 --> 00:15:41,450 |
|
intracellular fluid located between myofibrils |
|
|
|
161 |
|
00:15:41,450 --> 00:15:44,870 |
|
و إيش |
|
|
|
162 |
|
00:15:44,870 --> 00:15:50,800 |
|
داخله contains electrolytes بوتاسيوم، مغنيسيوم، |
|
|
|
163 |
|
00:15:50,800 --> 00:15:57,900 |
|
كبريتات، مختلفة من البروتين إنزيم و معاناة من الميتو |
|
|
|
164 |
|
00:15:57,900 --> 00:16:03,700 |
|
كوندريا معاناة من الميتوكوندريا هذه المعاناة |
|
|
|
165 |
|
00:16:03,700 --> 00:16:14,340 |
|
تدفع ميوفيبريلات مع كثير من الانيرش حسنا ساركو |
|
|
|
166 |
|
00:16:14,340 --> 00:16:19,170 |
|
بلازماتيك ريتيكولوم هذه العلاقة بال regulation of |
|
|
|
167 |
|
00:16:19,170 --> 00:16:23,630 |
|
calcium storage لإيش ال calcium storage release |
|
|
|
168 |
|
00:16:23,630 --> 00:16:29,770 |
|
and reuptake اللي مهم لمين؟ لـ muscle contraction لـ ال |
|
|
|
169 |
|
00:16:29,770 --> 00:16:34,350 |
|
contractivity function of the muscle أنا أتكلم عن |
|
|
|
170 |
|
00:16:34,350 --> 00:16:40,890 |
|
ال organization of the muscle fibers اتفاقنا أن ال |
|
|
|
171 |
|
00:16:40,890 --> 00:16:47,210 |
|
muscle fibers فيه مئات إلى آلاف myofibril و ال |
|
|
|
172 |
|
00:16:47,210 --> 00:16:52,430 |
|
myofibril يعتبر long cylindrical filament bundle |
|
|
|
173 |
|
00:16:52,430 --> 00:16:58,390 |
|
داخل هذا ال myofibril فيه myosin ألف و خمسمية و في |
|
|
|
174 |
|
00:16:58,390 --> 00:17:05,430 |
|
ال actin اللي هم يعتبروا تقريبا ثلاثة آلاف موجود |
|
|
|
175 |
|
00:17:05,430 --> 00:17:11,750 |
|
فيهم a band و I band ال A-band بنسميه dark bands |
|
|
|
176 |
|
00:17:11,750 --> 00:17:20,290 |
|
on myofibril داخله myosin filament و actin بنتهي |
|
|
|
177 |
|
00:17:20,290 --> 00:17:28,790 |
|
بالأكتين ال I-band it is light bands فاتح لونه فقط |
|
|
|
178 |
|
00:17:28,790 --> 00:17:33,350 |
|
contains actin يبقى الاختلاف ما بين ال A-band و I |
|
|
|
179 |
|
00:17:33,350 --> 00:17:39,570 |
|
-band ال A-band dark غامق و داخله myosin mainly وفي |
|
|
|
180 |
|
00:17:39,570 --> 00:17:45,610 |
|
النهاية فيه actin filaments لكن ال I band light |
|
|
|
181 |
|
00:17:45,610 --> 00:17:50,250 |
|
فاتح لونه و يكون بيحتوي على actins only without |
|
|
|
182 |
|
00:17:50,250 --> 00:17:59,010 |
|
myosin light and dark bands give skeletal and |
|
|
|
183 |
|
00:17:59,010 --> 00:18:03,790 |
|
cardiac muscle their striated appearance لذلك |
|
|
|
184 |
|
00:18:03,790 --> 00:18:08,800 |
|
سمينا ال Cardiac و ال Skeletal muscle ال |
|
|
|
185 |
|
00:18:08,800 --> 00:18:14,000 |
|
striated muscle العضلات المخططة مين اللي خططهم ال |
|
|
|
186 |
|
00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:19,480 |
|
light و ال dark bands of myofibrils اللي هم اللي |
|
|
|
187 |
|
00:18:19,480 --> 00:18:26,940 |
|
نسميهم A-band و I-band في Z-disc هدول عبارة عن |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
201 |
|
00:19:39,950 --> 00:19:44,390 |
|
..sarcomere اللي هو يعتبر زي ما اتفقنا functional |
|
|
|
202 |
|
00:19:44,390 --> 00:19:48,290 |
|
..sarcomere functional sub unit of contracted |
|
|
|
203 |
|
00:19:48,290 --> 00:19:54,550 |
|
apparatus okay when the muscle fibers are |
|
|
|
204 |
|
00:19:54,550 --> 00:19:59,970 |
|
contracted لما يحدث انقباض في العضلات في ال fibers |
|
|
|
205 |
|
00:19:59,970 --> 00:20:05,120 |
|
بتاعة العضلة the length of the sarcomere is shortened |
|
|
|
206 |
|
00:20:05,120 --> 00:20:10,560 |
|
بيحدث قصور في ال sarcomere يعني ال z المسافة بين |
|
|
|
207 |
|
00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:16,020 |
|
ال z to z بتخسر بيحدث انقباض في العضلة and actin |
|
|
|
208 |
|
00:20:16,020 --> 00:20:21,220 |
|
filaments overlap the myosin filament و ال actin |
|
|
|
209 |
|
00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:27,700 |
|
بيعملوا overlap لمن لال myosin في حاجة اسمها ال |
|
|
|
210 |
|
00:20:27,700 --> 00:20:31,910 |
|
titin protein هذا تيتن البروتين يحافظ على وجود |
|
|
|
211 |
|
00:20:31,910 --> 00:20:36,770 |
|
الميوسين والاكتن في نفس المكان وظيفته يحافظ على |
|
|
|
212 |
|
00:20:36,770 --> 00:20:44,470 |
|
وجود الميوسين والاكتن في نفس المكان one |
|
|
|
213 |
|
00:20:44,470 --> 00:20:49,950 |
|
end of the titin molecule is elastic and is |
|
|
|
214 |
|
00:20:49,950 --> 00:20:55,280 |
|
attached to the z disk يبقى أن هذا واحد من ال .. ال |
|
|
|
215 |
|
00:20:55,280 --> 00:20:58,800 |
|
.. ال titin protein تمام هذا فيه z disk |
|
|
|
216 |
|
00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:04,380 |
|
attached لإيه؟ z acting as sensing and changing |
|
|
|
217 |
|
00:21:04,380 --> 00:21:08,960 |
|
length as sarcomere contract and relax وهذا دمال |
|
|
|
218 |
|
00:21:08,960 --> 00:21:16,360 |
|
إيش قصور للعضلة أثناء الإنقباض أو طولها بترجع |
|
|
|
219 |
|
00:21:16,360 --> 00:21:20,920 |
|
لطولها الطبيعي و في حالة ال rest و في حالة ال |
|
|
|
220 |
|
00:21:20,920 --> 00:21:27,750 |
|
relaxation هنا هنا واضح اللي هو ال .. ال .. ال |
|
|
|
221 |
|
00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:33,190 |
|
thick filament ال thick filament هذا ميسين و ال |
|
|
|
222 |
|
00:21:33,190 --> 00:21:39,410 |
|
thin filament هذا ايه اللي هو Actin في حالة انقباض |
|
|
|
223 |
|
00:21:39,410 --> 00:21:45,910 |
|
ال Actin بيعمل overlap على الميسين بيدخل على |
|
|
|
224 |
|
00:21:45,910 --> 00:21:51,670 |
|
الميسين و بيحدث قصور ل shortening ل ال muscle |
|
|
|
225 |
|
00:21:51,670 --> 00:21:55,630 |
|
fibers هذا بيؤدي الى انقباض العضلة و هي بيحدث |
|
|
|
226 |
|
00:21:55,630 --> 00:21:56,670 |
|
muscle contraction |
|
|
|
227 |
|
00:21:59,910 --> 00:22:09,630 |
|
الجزء الثاني من |
|
|
|
228 |
|
00:22:09,630 --> 00:22:16,050 |
|
تيتن المليكل مرتبط |
|
|
|
229 |
|
00:22:16,050 --> 00:22:22,510 |
|
مع ميوسين وهذا في الحالة هذه عساسيا ملتبات للميوسين |
|
|
|
230 |
|
00:22:22,510 --> 00:22:29,110 |
|
والأكتن نفسها تملاء overlap لمين على الميوسين |
|
|
|
231 |
|
00:22:29,110 --> 00:22:31,890 |
|
ويحدث shortening of the muscle and muscle |
|
|
|
232 |
|
00:22:31,890 --> 00:22:39,150 |
|
contraction molecular characteristics of filaments |
|
|
|
233 |
|
00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:44,030 |
|
اللي هم ال myosin and actin اللي بيكونونها ال |
|
|
|
234 |
|
00:22:44,030 --> 00:22:52,010 |
|
myofibril ميسين مليكل هو thick filament هو يعتبر |
|
|
|
235 |
|
00:22:52,010 --> 00:22:58,530 |
|
ايه؟ thick filament ال .. it is composed of six |
|
|
|
236 |
|
00:22:58,530 --> 00:23:05,990 |
|
polypeptide polypeptide chains اللي هم اتنين heavy |
|
|
|
237 |
|
00:23:05,990 --> 00:23:12,420 |
|
chains بيكونون اللي هم ال headو ال tail هي ال head |
|
|
|
238 |
|
00:23:12,420 --> 00:23:16,960 |
|
يعني انا ال head و هذا ال tail هدول two heavy واحد |
|
|
|
239 |
|
00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:21,580 |
|
أزرق و واحد أحمر بيكونون ال tail اللي هو ال tail |
|
|
|
240 |
|
00:23:21,580 --> 00:23:26,300 |
|
او ال tail و بيكونون ال head بتاعهم هدول two heavy |
|
|
|
241 |
|
00:23:26,990 --> 00:23:35,130 |
|
and four light chains و 4 light بيكونونا اللي هم لل |
|
|
|
242 |
|
00:23:35,130 --> 00:23:40,650 |
|
head of the molecule or filament اتنين بيكونوا في |
|
|
|
243 |
|
00:23:40,650 --> 00:23:47,050 |
|
الأعلى تمام و اتنين بيكونوا في الأسفل هنا ال |
|
|
|
244 |
|
00:23:47,050 --> 00:23:52,640 |
|
myosin head functions واضيفته ال myosin head نفس |
|
|
|
245 |
|
00:23:52,640 --> 00:23:58,340 |
|
موضوع ال ATPase enzyme نفس موضوع ال ATP اللي له علاقة |
|
|
|
246 |
|
00:23:58,340 --> 00:24:04,240 |
|
بإفراز الطاقة طيب انا اتكلمت على مين؟ على ال |
|
|
|
247 |
|
00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:08,660 |
|
myosin molecule الآن أنا بتكلم على actin filament |
|
|
|
248 |
|
00:24:08,660 --> 00:24:13,020 |
|
يعني لو قلنالكم مين هو ال thick filament هو ال |
|
|
|
249 |
|
00:24:13,020 --> 00:24:19,590 |
|
myosin مين هو ال thin molecule؟ هو ايه؟ ال acting |
|
|
|
250 |
|
00:24:19,590 --> 00:24:25,610 |
|
ال acting هو عبارة عن composed of actin, |
|
|
|
251 |
|
00:24:26,650 --> 00:24:31,790 |
|
tropomyosin and troponin involved in muscle |
|
|
|
252 |
|
00:24:31,790 --> 00:24:36,710 |
|
contraction and other important cellular processes |
|
|
|
253 |
|
00:24:36,710 --> 00:24:40,950 |
|
هذا كله يتبر ايه؟ actin filaments اللي هو thin |
|
|
|
254 |
|
00:24:40,950 --> 00:24:48,350 |
|
filaments داخل بيكون مع الترابو مياسين |
|
|
|
255 |
|
00:24:48,350 --> 00:24:56,350 |
|
ترابو مياسين أنا هنا شوحتلكم تركيبة ال muscle و |
|
|
|
256 |
|
00:24:56,350 --> 00:25:01,550 |
|
تركيبة ال muscle fibers و ال myofibrils الآن |
|
|
|
257 |
|
00:25:01,550 --> 00:25:07,010 |
|
بنتكلم على ال receptors الموجودين في ال muscle في |
|
|
|
258 |
|
00:25:07,010 --> 00:25:12,490 |
|
أنا muscle spindles are found in all striated |
|
|
|
259 |
|
00:25:12,490 --> 00:25:19,590 |
|
muscle function بتاعتهم monitoring muscle length or |
|
|
|
260 |
|
00:25:19,590 --> 00:25:25,970 |
|
stretch يكون أول شي فيه إن ها muscle spindles وفيه |
|
|
|
261 |
|
00:25:25,970 --> 00:25:33,650 |
|
Golgi tendon organs هي موجودة في عضلات عضلات عضلة |
|
|
|
262 |
|
00:25:33,650 --> 00:25:38,410 |
|
قريبة من عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة |
|
|
|
263 |
|
00:25:38,410 --> 00:25:41,970 |
|
عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة |
|
|
|
264 |
|
00:25:41,970 --> 00:25:43,010 |
|
عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة |
|
|
|
265 |
|
00:25:43,010 --> 00:25:43,890 |
|
عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة |
|
|
|
266 |
|
00:25:43,890 --> 00:25:44,530 |
|
عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة |
|
|
|
267 |
|
00:25:44,530 --> 00:25:44,770 |
|
عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة |
|
|
|
268 |
|
00:25:44,770 --> 00:25:49,680 |
|
عضلة عضلة عضلة أول نوع اسمه muscle spindles اللي |
|
|
|
269 |
|
00:25:49,680 --> 00:25:53,980 |
|
علاقة بال muscle length بالطول العضلة والنوع |
|
|
|
270 |
|
00:25:53,980 --> 00:25:58,040 |
|
الثاني اسمه Golgi tendon organs بيكون قريب لل |
|
|
|
271 |
|
00:25:58,040 --> 00:26:01,620 |
|
tendon of the muscle وظيفته monitoring of muscle |
|
|
|
272 |
|
00:26:01,620 --> 00:26:02,460 |
|
contraction |
|
|
|
273 |
|
00:26:05,210 --> 00:26:08,050 |
|
في الداخل نفسه في النص هنا بيكون فيه receptor اللي |
|
|
|
274 |
|
00:26:08,050 --> 00:26:10,910 |
|
هو علاقة بيسميهم muscle spindles طب و في نهاية |
|
|
|
275 |
|
00:26:10,910 --> 00:26:14,730 |
|
العضلة وين ال tendons هذا بيسميها Golgi tendon |
|
|
|
276 |
|
00:26:14,730 --> 00:26:18,910 |
|
organs ال Golgi tendon organs اللي علاقة بال |
|
|
|
277 |
|
00:26:18,910 --> 00:26:23,410 |
|
muscle contraction أما muscle spindles اللي علاقة |
|
|
|
278 |
|
00:26:23,410 --> 00:26:28,230 |
|
بال length and stretch of the muscle هنا جابلنا |
|
|
|
279 |
|
00:26:28,230 --> 00:26:33,550 |
|
عضلة اللي هي biceps muscle نتطرق للموضوع الأخير |
|
|
|
280 |
|
00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:39,820 |
|
اللي هو mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction |
|
|
|
281 |
|
00:26:39,820 --> 00:26:45,380 |
|
كيف بيحدث muscle contraction؟ في action potential |
|
|
|
282 |
|
00:26:45,380 --> 00:26:51,480 |
|
ال action potential travels along a motor nerve |
|
|
|
283 |
|
00:26:51,480 --> 00:26:56,360 |
|
بتيجي الإشارة ال nerve impulse مع ال motor nerve |
|
|
|
284 |
|
00:26:56,360 --> 00:27:02,680 |
|
fibers بتصل لحد ال endings of muscle fibers لحد ال |
|
|
|
285 |
|
00:27:02,680 --> 00:27:06,720 |
|
neuromuscular junction لحد مين؟ neuromuscular |
|
|
|
286 |
|
00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:14,420 |
|
junction at each ending في النهاية نيرف سيكريتز |
|
|
|
287 |
|
00:27:14,420 --> 00:27:21,120 |
|
يعني في ال presynaptic بتم إخراج ال neurotransmitters |
|
|
|
288 |
|
00:27:21,120 --> 00:27:25,720 |
|
اللي هم مين؟ acetylcholine هدول بيكونوا في |
|
|
|
289 |
|
00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:31,180 |
|
vesicles موجودين هذا ال acetylcholine بتتحد مع |
|
|
|
290 |
|
00:27:31,180 --> 00:27:36,940 |
|
ال acetylcholine receptors وفي الحالة هذه بعمل |
|
|
|
291 |
|
00:27:36,940 --> 00:27:43,300 |
|
stimulation لل opening of sodium channels في |
|
|
|
292 |
|
00:27:43,300 --> 00:27:47,740 |
|
ساركوليما هذا بيؤدي ل action potential action |
|
|
|
293 |
|
00:27:47,740 --> 00:27:51,260 |
|
potential يمكن تتم عملية حاجة زي ال depolarization |
|
|
|
294 |
|
00:27:51,260 --> 00:27:59,060 |
|
ال action potential بينتقل ل ال muscle fibers |
|
|
|
295 |
|
00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:07,340 |
|
بصلة Transverse Tube بنسميها T-Tubule أو T-Tube |
|
|
|
296 |
|
00:28:07,340 --> 00:28:13,000 |
|
موجودة في ال Sarcoplasmic Reticulum System هذا |
|
|
|
297 |
|
00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:18,100 |
|
العملية تعمل Calcium Release Channels في ال |
|
|
|
298 |
|
00:28:18,100 --> 00:28:22,920 |
|
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum بيؤدي إلى Opening of |
|
|
|
299 |
|
00:28:22,920 --> 00:28:28,240 |
|
Calcium Channels واحنا عارفين ال calcium مهم جدا ل |
|
|
|
300 |
|
00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:33,200 |
|
contraction of the muscle هذا راح يودي إلى ال |
|
|
|
301 |
|
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:38,480 |
|
opening of calcium channels ويؤدي إلى a opening of |
|
|
|
302 |
|
00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:47,440 |
|
calcium to diffuse rapidly in the sarcoplasm دخلي |
|
|
|
303 |
|
00:28:47,440 --> 00:28:51,080 |
|
الكالسيوم على ال sarcoplasm الكالسيوم بتتحد مع |
|
|
|
304 |
|
00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:56,520 |
|
التروبونين بيؤدي إلى change في its shape بتاع |
|
|
|
305 |
|
00:28:56,520 --> 00:29:01,950 |
|
التروبونين مع حركة لل Tropomyosin الموجود في ال |
|
|
|
306 |
|
00:29:01,950 --> 00:29:08,140 |
|
Actins اللي هي ال thin filaments هذا بيؤدي إلى |
|
|
|
307 |
|
00:29:08,140 --> 00:29:13,760 |
|
تغيرات في ال thin actin و ال thick myosin بيحدث |
|
|
|
308 |
|
00:29:13,760 --> 00:29:19,480 |
|
overlap ل ال actins على ال myosin هذا بيؤدي إلى |
|
|
|
309 |
|
00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:26,580 |
|
shortening of the muscle fibers and myofibrils و ل |
|
|
|
310 |
|
00:29:26,580 --> 00:29:31,130 |
|
muscle contraction muscle ايه contraction هذه |
|
|
|
311 |
|
00:29:31,130 --> 00:29:34,150 |
|
العملية اللي اتكلمنا عنها هنا في ال presynaptic |
|
|
|
312 |
|
00:29:34,150 --> 00:29:39,630 |
|
وسط الإشارة مع nerve fibers هنا في فيه vesicles |
|
|
|
313 |
|
00:29:39,630 --> 00:29:44,070 |
|
هذه ال vesicles موجود فيها acetylcholine ال |
|
|
|
314 |
|
00:29:44,070 --> 00:29:47,190 |
|
acetylcholine بتم إفرازه من ال presynaptic |
|
|
|
315 |
|
00:29:47,190 --> 00:29:51,810 |
|
vesicles فيها نيرو ترانسمتر اسمه Acetylcholine تم |
|
|
|
316 |
|
00:29:51,810 --> 00:29:54,870 |
|
إفراز إن ال neurotransmitter اللي هو |
|
|
|
317 |
|
00:29:54,870 --> 00:29:59,410 |
|
Acetylcholine هذا بتتحد ال Acetylcholine مع اللي هو |
|
|
|
318 |
|
00:29:59,410 --> 00:30:04,470 |
|
Acetylcholine الريسبتورز بيؤدي إلى دخول إشارة ل ال |
|
|
|
319 |
|
00:30:04,470 --> 00:30:08,790 |
|
muscle fibers في المكان هذا بيحدث opening ل ال |
|
|
|
320 |
|
00:30:08,790 --> 00:30:13,670 |
|
sodium channels و بتحدث عملية مثل ال depolarization |
|
|
|
321 |
|
00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:17,720 |
|
الإشارة راح تنتقل من ال nerve fibers إلى ال |
|
|
|
322 |
|
00:30:17,720 --> 00:30:18,640 |
|
muscle fibers |
|
|
|
323 |
|
00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:27,420 |
|
action potential بيتم عملية إن دخول ل T tube أو T |
|
|
|
324 |
|
00:30:27,420 --> 00:30:32,880 |
|
tubule الخضرة هذه بعدها بيحدث عملية اللي هو |
|
|
|
325 |
|
00:30:32,880 --> 00:30:38,860 |
|
opening of calcium channels ال calcium channels راح |
|
|
|
326 |
|
00:30:38,860 --> 00:30:43,320 |
|
يفوت الكالسيوم على الساركوليما ويعمل عملية muscle |
|
|
|
327 |
|
00:30:43,320 --> 00:30:48,040 |
|
contraction اللي احنا اتكلمنا عنها okay هي كده |
|
|
|
328 |
|
00:30:48,040 --> 00:30:53,130 |
|
شرحنا في اختصار في slideين موضوع ال muscle |
|
|
|
329 |
|
00:30:53,130 --> 00:30:59,050 |
|
contraction طب what is the mechanism of skeletal |
|
|
|
330 |
|
00:30:59,050 --> 00:31:03,710 |
|
muscle relaxation؟ muscle relaxation after muscle |
|
|
|
331 |
|
00:31:03,710 --> 00:31:10,350 |
|
contraction بتحدث بيحدث stop و closure ل ال |
|
|
|
332 |
|
00:31:10,350 --> 00:31:14,090 |
|
sodium and potassium channels في الحالة هذه |
|
|
|
333 |
|
00:31:14,090 --> 00:31:17,210 |
|
الإشارة ما راح تنتقل من ال nerve fibers لل muscle |
|
|
|
334 |
|
00:31:17,210 --> 00:31:20,870 |
|
مدام ما انتقلتش الإشارة من ال nerve fibers لل |
|
|
|
335 |
|
00:31:20,870 --> 00:31:25,410 |
|
muscle نفس الشيء بيحدث ال closure ل ال calcium |
|
|
|
336 |
|
00:31:25,410 --> 00:31:32,350 |
|
channels بيقل كمية ال calcium في ال sarcolema في ال |
|
|
|
337 |
|
00:31:32,350 --> 00:31:37,810 |
|
sarcoplasmic reticulum وهذا راح يؤدي إلى muscle |
|
|
|
338 |
|
00:31:37,810 --> 00:31:45,450 |
|
relaxation muscle tone Skeletal muscle tone ايش هي؟ |
|
|
|
339 |
|
00:31:45,450 --> 00:31:52,910 |
|
هي عبارة عن certain amount of firmness remains in a |
|
|
|
340 |
|
00:31:52,910 --> 00:31:55,990 |
|
muscle at rest يعني انا لو فحصت ال muscle tone |
|
|
|
341 |
|
00:31:55,990 --> 00:31:58,730 |
|
ببحث بالطريقة هذه يعني بده افحص اللي في ال elbow |
|
|
|
342 |
|
00:31:58,730 --> 00:32:02,890 |
|
بتعمل passive flexion and passive |
|
|
|
343 |
|
00:32:02,890 --> 00:32:06,590 |
|
extension ممكن يكون normal muscle tone ممكن يكون |
|
|
|
344 |
|
00:32:06,590 --> 00:32:10,650 |
|
muscle hypertonia بلاحظ ايه تيبس و انا بحرك في |
|
|
|
345 |
|
00:32:10,650 --> 00:32:13,970 |
|
العضلة شد العضلة معايا أكتر هذه muscle hypertonia |
|
|
|
346 |
|
00:32:14,670 --> 00:32:22,630 |
|
الرقص المسلسل ينتهي من عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل |
|
|
|
347 |
|
00:32:22,630 --> 00:32:30,250 |
|
عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل Signal transmitted |
|
|
|
348 |
|
00:32:30,250 --> 00:32:35,830 |
|
from the brain to the appropriate motor neurons in |
|
|
|
349 |
|
00:32:35,830 --> 00:32:39,910 |
|
the anterior horns of the spinal cord أو Signal that |
|
|
|
350 |
|
00:32:39,910 --> 00:32:44,950 |
|
originate in the muscle spindles located in the |
|
|
|
351 |
|
00:32:44,950 --> 00:32:48,550 |
|
muscle itself يعني ال muscle tone ممكن تحكم فيه |
|
|
|
352 |
|
00:32:48,550 --> 00:32:51,170 |
|
اللي هو ال muscle spindles نفسها اللي موجودة في ال |
|
|
|
353 |
|
00:32:51,170 --> 00:32:55,570 |
|
muscle أو اللي هو ال nerve signal اللي جاي من ال |
|
|
|
354 |
|
00:32:55,570 --> 00:32:57,470 |
|
anterior horns of |
|
|
|
355 |
|
00:33:04,650 --> 00:33:09,470 |
|
أو نتكلم عن muscle atrophy muscle atrophy |
|
|
|
356 |
|
00:33:09,470 --> 00:33:17,200 |
|
due to reduction of stimulation بيحدث decrease في ال |
|
|
|
357 |
|
00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:22,320 |
|
muscle mass tone and power أكيد مدام حدث أمر في |
|
|
|
358 |
|
00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:28,580 |
|
العضلة راح يقل ال muscle mass بتاعها تقل حجمها ال |
|
|
|
359 |
|
00:33:28,580 --> 00:33:32,260 |
|
tone بتاعها راح يتغير و يقل و ال power راح يضعف |
|
|
|
360 |
|
00:33:32,260 --> 00:33:36,690 |
|
قوة العضلة muscle becomes flaccid، بتحدث flaccidity |
|
|
|
361 |
|
00:33:36,690 --> 00:33:42,590 |
|
في ال muscle fibers و بيحدث decrease في ال size of |
|
|
|
362 |
|
00:33:42,590 --> 00:33:47,570 |
|
muscle fibers and becomes weaker، بتحدث تكون ضعيفة |
|
|
|
363 |
|
00:33:47,570 --> 00:33:54,420 |
|
العضلة و قد يؤدي إلى ال muscle atrophy Temporary |
|
|
|
364 |
|
00:33:54,420 --> 00:33:58,680 |
|
reduction in muscle use يعني في بعض الأحيان ممكن |
|
|
|
365 |
|
00:33:58,680 --> 00:34:04,120 |
|
ضمور العضلات يكون ناتج عن disuse عدم استخدام مثل |
|
|
|
366 |
|
00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:07,620 |
|
الناس اللي بيحطولهم جبس انكسرت رجل ويحطوله جبس بعد |
|
|
|
367 |
|
00:34:07,620 --> 00:34:10,960 |
|
ده بيحتاج ايش علاج طبيعي لإنه ممكن يحدث |
|
|
|
368 |
|
00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:14,880 |
|
contracture في ال joint ويحدث ضعف العضلة ليش حدث |
|
|
|
369 |
|
00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:20,720 |
|
ضعف العضلة؟ اللي عدم الاستخدام due to disuse مثل |
|
|
|
370 |
|
00:34:20,720 --> 00:34:25,570 |
|
atrophy هنا في ال hypertrophy بيحدث increase in |
|
|
|
371 |
|
00:34:25,570 --> 00:34:30,830 |
|
muscle fiber size خاصة |
|
|
|
372 |
|
00:34:30,830 --> 00:34:33,710 |
|
في ال repetitive stimulation of muscle fibers |
|
|
|
373 |
|
00:34:33,710 --> 00:34:41,670 |
|
للميتوكوندريا بيزيد عملية ال glycogen و بيزيد ال |
|
|
|
374 |
|
00:34:41,670 --> 00:34:44,870 |
|
ability to produce ATP و ما دام زاد ال ATP ممكن |
|
|
|
375 |
|
00:34:44,870 --> 00:34:49,250 |
|
يحدث هنا تضخم في العضلة hypertrophy مصر |
|
|
|
376 |
|
00:34:49,250 --> 00:34:53,350 |
|
hypertrophy ممكن يكون true hypertrophy يعني تضخم |
|
|
|
377 |
|
00:34:53,350 --> 00:34:57,310 |
|
حقيقي زي واحد بيمارس رياضة أو تكون pseudo |
|
|
|
378 |
|
00:34:57,310 --> 00:35:02,580 |
|
hypertrophy يعني تضخم كاذب ناتج عن ايش؟ عن |
|
|
|
379 |
|
00:35:02,580 --> 00:35:07,340 |
|
Deposition of Fat مثل ما بنشوف في حالات Duchenne |
|
|
|
380 |
|
00:35:07,340 --> 00:35:09,780 |
|
Muscular Dystrophy الناس اللي عندهم ضمور في |
|
|
|
381 |
|
00:35:09,780 --> 00:35:13,860 |
|
العضلات ممكن تلاحظ ال Leg Muscles متضخمة اللي |
|
|
|
382 |
|
00:35:13,860 --> 00:35:17,180 |
|
بيشوف روحان فيها بيقولك متضخمة عضلته لأ هي ضعيفة |
|
|
|
383 |
|
00:35:17,180 --> 00:35:22,500 |
|
جدا بتكون ليه؟ لأن مكان ال muscle fibers مكان |
|
|
|
384 |
|
00:35:22,500 --> 00:35:28,310 |
|
الأنسجة العضلية حللنا أنسجة دهنية دهون هذا بنسميه |
|
|
|
385 |
|
00:35:28,310 --> 00:35:34,290 |
|
تضخم ك |
|
|
|
401 |
|
00:36:36,100 --> 00:36:38,730 |
|
الهيبربلازيا بشكل عام في عضلات الرحم رسمياً نتكلم |
|
|
|
402 |
|
00:36:38,730 --> 00:36:41,210 |
|
عن مرض راح ناخده في سنة رابعة إن شاء الله طيبين إن |
|
|
|
403 |
|
00:36:41,210 --> 00:36:45,990 |
|
شاء الله مايستينيا غرافيس هو عبارة عن autoimmune |
|
|
|
404 |
|
00:36:45,990 --> 00:36:51,250 |
|
disorder characterized by progressive muscular |
|
|
|
405 |
|
00:36:51,250 --> 00:36:55,360 |
|
fatigability أي مسكولار فاتقابيلتي؟ skeletal |
|
|
|
406 |
|
00:36:55,360 --> 00:36:58,040 |
|
muscular fatigability بيصيب skeletal muscle only |
|
|
|
407 |
|
00:36:58,040 --> 00:37:02,460 |
|
caused by reduction in the numbers and functions |
|
|
|
408 |
|
00:37:02,460 --> 00:37:07,980 |
|
of acetylcholine receptors هنا بيحدث circulation ل |
|
|
|
409 |
|
00:37:07,980 --> 00:37:10,820 |
|
antibodies، الـ antibodies هذه بتقوم بمهاجمة |
|
|
|
410 |
|
00:37:10,820 --> 00:37:15,800 |
|
الـacetylcholine مدام تمت مهاجمة الـ acetylcholine |
|
|
|
411 |
|
00:37:15,800 --> 00:37:19,660 |
|
receptors يبقى أن الـ nerve impulse مارح ينتقل من الـ |
|
|
|
412 |
|
00:37:19,660 --> 00:37:23,580 |
|
nerve endings من العصب إلى الـ muscle fibers وبيحدث |
|
|
|
413 |
|
00:37:23,580 --> 00:37:28,240 |
|
fatigability بنسمي مرض وهن العضلات مرض ايه؟ وهن |
|
|
|
414 |
|
00:37:28,240 --> 00:37:33,140 |
|
العضلات Okay الـ slide الأخير اللي هو Duchene |
|
|
|
415 |
|
00:37:33,140 --> 00:37:38,420 |
|
muscular dystrophy هان المشكلة وين؟ mutation of |
|
|
|
416 |
|
00:37:38,420 --> 00:37:41,620 |
|
dystrophin gene هذا بيسمي دموع العضلات مرض دو شين |
|
|
|
417 |
|
00:37:41,620 --> 00:37:45,520 |
|
بيصيب العضلات بيحدث أن الـ mutation طفرة في الـ |
|
|
|
418 |
|
00:37:45,520 --> 00:37:49,740 |
|
dystrophin gene الـ dystrophin هذا مهم جدا لـ الـ |
|
|
|
419 |
|
00:37:49,740 --> 00:37:54,580 |
|
muscle function يعتبر large actin bending protein |
|
|
|
420 |
|
00:37:54,580 --> 00:37:59,570 |
|
located just inside of sarcolema of the skeletal |
|
|
|
421 |
|
00:37:59,570 --> 00:38:03,750 |
|
muscle fibers مهم لـ growth of muscle لـ function |
|
|
|
422 |
|
00:38:03,750 --> 00:38:08,550 |
|
organization of myofibril هذا المرض بيؤدي إلى |
|
|
|
423 |
|
00:38:08,550 --> 00:38:12,410 |
|
progressive weakness atrophy of the muscle fibers |
|
|
|
424 |
|
00:38:12,410 --> 00:38:16,870 |
|
أحياناً المرض هذا بيكون عندهم muscle hypertrophy |
|
|
|
425 |
|
00:38:17,190 --> 00:38:20,970 |
|
المرضى هدول اللي عندهم muscular dystrophy type |
|
|
|
426 |
|
00:38:20,970 --> 00:38:25,770 |
|
بيكونوا wheelchair dependent على سن اتناشر سنة |
|
|
|
427 |
|
00:38:25,770 --> 00:38:30,750 |
|
بيحتاجوا كرسي متحرك بيعيشوا لحد ثمانتاشر عشرين سنة |
|
|
|
428 |
|
00:38:30,750 --> 00:38:33,830 |
|
أو الأعمار بيد الله من ايش بتوفوا؟ بتوفوا من الـ |
|
|
|
429 |
|
00:38:33,830 --> 00:38:39,270 |
|
respiratory failure and sepsis هيك بيكون احنا وصلنا |
|
|
|
430 |
|
00:38:39,270 --> 00:38:43,510 |
|
لنهاية المحاضرة الأسبوع الرابع عشر ووصلنا لنهاية |
|
|
|
431 |
|
00:38:43,510 --> 00:38:47,550 |
|
المساق اللي هو neuro anatomy and neurophysiology |
|
|
|
432 |
|
00:38:47,550 --> 00:38:50,630 |
|
دمتم |
|
|
|
433 |
|
00:38:50,630 --> 00:38:54,710 |
|
بخير و سامحونا إن قصّرنا معكم يعطيكم الف عافية |
|
|