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| بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الجزء الثاني من محاضرة | |
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| الأسبوع الرابع عشر اللي هو anatomy and physiology | |
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| of the motor system part two راح أتكلم على ال | |
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| muscles skeletal muscle راح أبدأ ب motor unit إيش | |
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| هو motor unit it is the functional unit of muscle | |
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| contractionيبقى functional unit of muscle | |
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| contraction يعتبر نفسه motor unit it consists of | |
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| one alpha motor neuronand the muscle fibers | |
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| innervated by its axons هو عبارة عن muscle fibers | |
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| باخدهم من ون Alpha هذا ال unit بنسميه motor unit | |
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| عبارة عن muscle fibers مع alpha motor neuron مع | |
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| بعض هذا بنسميه motor unit المسئول عن contraction | |
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| of the muscle fibersmuscle tissue بقى المحاضرة رح | |
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| يكون على muscle tissue muscle tissue is the only | |
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| one which has the property of contractility يبقى | |
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| إنها علاقة هذه الأنسجة بالانقباض يبقى الأنسجة اللي | |
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| لها علاقة بالانقباض هي muscle tissueمن وين تجينا | |
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| ال muscle tissue؟ من mesoderm .. mesoderm في هنا | |
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| ثلاث أنواع من ال muscle fibers يختلفوا عن بعض من | |
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| ناحية ال morphology و ال functional | |
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| characteristics ايش هذه الأنواع؟ اول نوعبنسميه | |
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| striated muscle اللي من ضمنه العضلات المخططة اللي | |
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| من ضمنه skeletal muscles و cardiac muscle في | |
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| smooth muscles العضلات الملساقة طب مين فيهم | |
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| voluntary ومين فيهم involuntary العضلات اللي | |
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| بيغضيهم somatic nerves يعتبروا voluntary غمض عيني | |
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| فتحترفعت أيدي نزلتها هذا voluntary لكن العضلات | |
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| اللي بتغدو من ال autonomic nervous system يعتبروا | |
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| involuntary اللي هم cardiac و smooth muscles | |
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| يعتبروا involuntary لأنه مابقدر يتحكم بحركة | |
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| الأمعاءأو المعدة ما بقدر اتحكم في نبض القلب ازوده | |
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| او اقلله يقول هذه تعتبر involuntary muscles يقول | |
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| ال involuntary muscles العضلات اللي لا إيرادية | |
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| cardiac و smooth أما العضلات اللي لا إيرادية اللي | |
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| هي skeletal muscles في جسمناتقريبا في 320 زياج من | |
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| العضلات على اليمين و 320 على اليسار اكثر من 320 | |
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| يعني اكثر من 640 skeletal muscle في الجسم و ال | |
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| skeletal muscle بتكوننا حوالي 40 ل 50% من وزن | |
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| الإنسان يعني مهم جدا ال muscle تشربwhat's the | |
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| functions of skeletal muscles ايش وظيفة skeletal | |
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| muscles اول شئ produce movement of the skeletal | |
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| يبقى ان هذا ال skeleton اللي شايفينه عند الإنسان | |
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| ما بمشي ولا بتحرك بدون عضلات maintain posture and | |
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| body position انا الآن واقف او جلستيبقى هذه لها | |
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| علاقة البشرة و ال position بال muscle ب skeletal | |
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| muscles support ال soft tissue حماية ال soft | |
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| tissue حماية | |
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| ال digestive system urinary other tract ال heart | |
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| يبقى ان هذول العضلات بيحموا الأعضاء الداخليةand | |
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| maintain body temperature اللي معلق بregulation of | |
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| the body temperature by the contraction of the | |
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| muscle what's the properties of skeletal muscle | |
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| tissueأو سؤال ثاني what's the characteristics of | |
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| skeletal muscle tissue؟ إيش المواصفات تبع هذه ال | |
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| muscle tissue بتاعة ال skeletal muscle؟ واحد | |
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| excitability اللي هيبقى رانيش ability to response | |
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| to stimulus يبقى تستجيب العضلة لل stimulus ثماني | |
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| contractility | |
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| الانقباض it is the ability of produce muscle | |
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| contraction تلاثة extensibility ability of muscle | |
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| to be stretched ال stretching of the muscle اربع | |
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| elasticity ايش ال elasticity it is the ability of | |
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| muscle to return to its original lengthمتى when | |
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| tension and contraction is released يعني في حال | |
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| الإنقباض في حال ال contraction بحدث قصور في العضلة | |
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| لكن في ال rest لازم العضلة ترجع لإيه لطولها | |
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| الطبيعي في ال rest أثناء النوم أثناء ال rest في | |
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| الهدوءهذا ما نسميها elasticity of the muscle اخر | |
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| شئ ال adaptation adaptability يعني العضلات | |
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| بيحدثلها adaptation لبعض الحركات وبعض ال ايه | |
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| المجهود اللي بيحدث عليهم طيب ايه ال connective | |
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| tissue اللي موجودة حوالين skeletal muscle فيه هنا | |
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| Epimysium وIndomysium هذه | |
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| الـ Epimysium تعتبر external stretch او external | |
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| sheath تعتبر ايه؟ تعتبر external sheath of dense | |
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| irregular surround the inter muscle الداخل | |
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| بتكون تمام؟وcontains large nerve, arteries and | |
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| lymphatic vessels طيب ال piramidia had surrounded | |
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| each bundle of muscle fibers فالسكرة رح نشرحكم | |
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| معاها شوية it is penetrated by nerve, arteries and | |
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| lymphatic vesselsطب endomysium تعتبر reticular | |
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| fibers surround the external lamina covers the | |
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| muscle as whole يبقى | |
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| نهائية انها اللي هي | |
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| يبميزيوم، بيرين و أندوم اللي هنتكلم على connective | |
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| tissue around the skeletal muscles في three layers | |
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| في ابميزيوم و في بيرينميزيوم و في أندوميزيوم الاب | |
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| بيكون خارج it is external sheetof dense regula | |
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| surround and cover the muscle as a whole يبقى هذا | |
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| الغناف الخارجي اللي بيكون حوالين العضلة اثنين ال | |
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| puri مميزة surround each of muscle fascicle هذا | |
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| بيكون في النص بين الإيبي و الاندوبيغطينا و بيعملنا | |
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| غلاف حوالين ايه الفاسيكل of muscle و بيعمل bending | |
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| لأ الفاسيكل together داخله بيكون موجود nerves, | |
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| arteries and lymphatic vessels أخر جزئية اللي هي | |
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| endomysia هذه بتكون وين تعتبر delicate soft tissue | |
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| أو soft membranecover the specialized skeletal | |
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| muscle fibers بيكون داخلي هذا اندو داخلي و بيغلف | |
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| ال muscle fibers و نفس الشيء فيهم اللي هو nerve | |
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| fibers و arteries و lymphatic vessels زى ما حنا | |
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| شايفين هان هي ال ipamezia و بيصلح حد التندنبيكون | |
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| غلاف خارجي للعضلة كلها فى هنا ال perimesium بيكون | |
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| غلاف لفسيكل العضلة فسيكل العضلة و فى هنا | |
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| endomesium بيكون غلاف لمن؟ لـ muscle fibers يبقى | |
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| ان هاي ال peri بيكون في النص الداخلي endo و | |
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| epimesium بيكون خارجي بيكون غلاف خارجي | |
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| الان باتكلم على definition of skeletal muscle | |
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| skeletal muscle is composed of numerous muscle | |
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| fibers يبقى ال skeletal muscle فيها fasticles وال | |
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| fasticles فيها muscle fibers each muscle fibers | |
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| usually innervated by only one nerve endingsهذا | |
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| بنسميه ال motor unit the muscle fibers is surround | |
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| by a thin membrane بيسميها sarcolema sarco a lema | |
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| each muscle fiberscontains several hundred to | |
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| several thousand myofibril يبقى ال muscle fibers | |
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| داخلها إيه؟ مئات و ألاف إيه ال myofibril يعني | |
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| fiber muscle fiber fibril يعني مصغر من ال muscle | |
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| fibers each myofibril is composed of aboutone | |
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| thousand five hundred myosin filament يبقى فيها | |
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| حوالي الف و خمسمائة myosin filament و فيها ثلاثة | |
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| آلاف actin filament هذا ال myosin و ال actin و هم | |
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| علاقة بال muscle contraction و هم علاقة بال muscle | |
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| contraction cytoplasma في ال muscle اسمها | |
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| sarcoplasmaSmooth endoplasmic reticulum اسمها | |
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| Sarcoplasmic reticulum Cell membrane اللي هي | |
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| external lamina في ال muscle اسمها Sarcolema يجب | |
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| ان نلاحظه ان ال muscle بيعطينا several muscle | |
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| bundle او fascicles يبقى ان ال muscle بتعطينا | |
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| muscle fascicles طب ال muscle fascicles بتعطينا | |
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| several muscle fibersطب ال muscle fiber تعطينا | |
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| مئات لألاف myofibrils طب ال myofibrils تعطينا الف | |
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| و خمسمائة مياسين و ثلاث ألاف actin filament اللي | |
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| لازمين ل muscle contraction واضح؟ لاحظوا ال muscle | |
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| تعطينا muscle fascicleال muscle fascicle بيعطينا | |
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| muscle fibers ال muscle fibers بيعطينا ال | |
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| myofibril ال myofibril بيعطينا ال myosin و ال | |
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| actins اللي هم المهمين ل ال muscle contractivity | |
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| هاني muscle داخل ال muscle فيه هنا اللي هم اللي | |
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| بنسميهم fascicles ال fascicles بيعطونا اللي هو | |
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| muscle fibersال muscle fibers بيعطونا myofibril ال | |
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| myofibril فيها actin و myosin فيها myosin اللي هم | |
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| تقريبا 1500 و actin 3000 كمان مرة ال muscle | |
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| بتعطينا muscle bundle او بعدها muscle fascicle او | |
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| muscle fascicle ال muscle fascicle بتعطينا muscle | |
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| fibers ال muscle fibers بتعطينا myofibrilمئات | |
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| 00:14:15,570 --> 00:14:19,910 | |
| لألاف ال myofibrils ال myofibrils بيعطينا actins | |
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| and myosin اللي هم 1500 حوالي myosin و 3000 actins | |
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| 00:14:27,030 --> 00:14:33,570 | |
| المهمين لـ muscle contractionmuscle بتعطينا muscle | |
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| 00:14:33,570 --> 00:14:36,410 | |
| fascicles muscle fascicles بتعطينا muscle fibers | |
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| اللي هم ال cells ال muscle fibers بتعطينا | |
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| myofibrils ال myofibrils بتعطينا thick و thin | |
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| filaments اللي هم myosin and actin هي عندي muscle | |
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| حواليها ايبيميزيابعدين الفاسيكلز حواليها اللي هم | |
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| بيكونوا pyrimesium حوالينهم هي ال pyrimesium هذه | |
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| 00:15:03,200 --> 00:15:09,920 | |
| حوالين الفاسيكلز الفاسيكلز بيعطينا مين اللي هو | |
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| 00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:14,360 | |
| muscle fibers ال muscle fibers حواليهم غلاف اسمه | |
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| اللي هو endomyosin endomyosin هاي ال endomyosin | |
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| حوالين مين بيكون حوالين ال muscle fibers | |
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| cycoplasma is the | |
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| intracellular fluid located between myofibrils | |
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| وإيش | |
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| داخله contains electrolytesبوتاسيوم، مغنيزيوم، | |
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| سولفات، مختلفة من البروتينينزايم ومعاناة من الميتو | |
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| 00:15:57,900 --> 00:16:03,700 | |
| كوندريال معاناة من الميتو كوندريال هذه المعاناة | |
| 165 | |
| 00:16:03,700 --> 00:16:14,340 | |
| تدفع ميوفيبريلات مع كثير من الانيرش حسنا ساركو | |
| 166 | |
| 00:16:14,340 --> 00:16:19,170 | |
| بلازماتيك ريتيكولاهذه العلاقة بالregulation of | |
| 167 | |
| 00:16:19,170 --> 00:16:23,630 | |
| calcium storage لإيش ال calcium storage release | |
| 168 | |
| 00:16:23,630 --> 00:16:29,770 | |
| and reoptic اللي مهم لمين؟ لالمصل contraction ل ال | |
| 169 | |
| 00:16:29,770 --> 00:16:34,350 | |
| contractivity function of the muscle انا اتكلم عن | |
| 170 | |
| 00:16:34,350 --> 00:16:40,890 | |
| ال organization of the muscle fibersاتفاقنا ان ال | |
| 171 | |
| 00:16:40,890 --> 00:16:47,210 | |
| muscle fibers فيه مئات الى الاف myofibril و ال | |
| 172 | |
| 00:16:47,210 --> 00:16:52,430 | |
| myofibril يعتبر long cylindrical filament bundle | |
| 173 | |
| 00:16:52,430 --> 00:16:58,390 | |
| داخل هذا ال myofibril فيه myosin الف و خمسمية و في | |
| 174 | |
| 00:16:58,390 --> 00:17:05,430 | |
| الactin اللي هم يعتبروا تقريبا ثلاث ألاف موجود | |
| 175 | |
| 00:17:05,430 --> 00:17:11,750 | |
| فيهم a band و I bandالـ A-band بنسميه dark bands | |
| 176 | |
| 00:17:11,750 --> 00:17:20,290 | |
| on myofibril داخله myosin filament و أكتين بنتهي | |
| 177 | |
| 00:17:20,290 --> 00:17:28,790 | |
| بالأكتين ال I-band it is light bands فاتح لونه فقط | |
| 178 | |
| 00:17:28,790 --> 00:17:33,350 | |
| contains أكتين يبقى الاختلاف ما بين ال A-band و I | |
| 179 | |
| 00:17:33,350 --> 00:17:39,570 | |
| -band ال A-band dark غامقوداخله myosin mainly وفي | |
| 180 | |
| 00:17:39,570 --> 00:17:45,610 | |
| النهاية فيه actin filaments لكن ال eye band light | |
| 181 | |
| 00:17:45,610 --> 00:17:50,250 | |
| فاتح لونه ويكون بيحتوي على actins only without | |
| 182 | |
| 00:17:50,250 --> 00:17:59,010 | |
| myosin light and dark bands give skeletal and | |
| 183 | |
| 00:17:59,010 --> 00:18:03,790 | |
| cardiac muscle their striated appearance لذلك | |
| 184 | |
| 00:18:03,790 --> 00:18:08,800 | |
| سميناالـ Cardiac و الـ skeletal muscle الـ | |
| 185 | |
| 00:18:08,800 --> 00:18:14,000 | |
| striated muscle الاعضلات المخططة مين اللي خططهم ال | |
| 186 | |
| 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:19,480 | |
| light و ال dark bands of myofibrils اللي هم اللي | |
| 187 | |
| 00:18:19,480 --> 00:18:26,940 | |
| نسميهم A-band و I-band في Z-disc هدول عبارة عن | |
| 188 | |
| 00:18:26,940 --> 00:18:31,060 | |
| dark transverse line موجودة في ال I-band في ال | |
| 189 | |
| 00:18:31,060 --> 00:18:36,250 | |
| light و في Sarcomereit is the functional subunit | |
| 190 | |
| 00:18:36,250 --> 00:18:43,410 | |
| of contractor apparatus extended from z line to z | |
| 191 | |
| 00:18:43,410 --> 00:18:47,250 | |
| line يعني من z ل z line ال z هي موجودة وين قلنا؟ | |
| 192 | |
| 00:18:47,250 --> 00:18:51,630 | |
| هي عبارة عن dark point موجودة في ال eye band نيجي | |
| 193 | |
| 00:18:51,630 --> 00:18:56,120 | |
| للعضلة، هي العضلةالعضلة فيها بتعطينا muscle | |
| 194 | |
| 00:18:56,120 --> 00:18:59,260 | |
| fascicles ال muscle fascicles بتعطينا muscle | |
| 195 | |
| 00:18:59,260 --> 00:19:03,620 | |
| fibers ال muscle fibers بتعطينا ألاف و مئات لألاف | |
| 196 | |
| 00:19:03,620 --> 00:19:11,240 | |
| ال myofibril ال myofibril لاحظوا فيها dark فيها | |
| 197 | |
| 00:19:11,240 --> 00:19:20,640 | |
| dark dark a band بتسموهم غمقينو ال light الفاتح | |
| 198 | |
| 00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:28,980 | |
| هذا I band light داخل ال light ل I band في Z disk | |
| 199 | |
| 00:19:28,980 --> 00:19:34,020 | |
| هذه ال Z disk هذه ل Z disk موجودة في منتصف ال I | |
| 200 | |
| 00:19:34,020 --> 00:19:39,950 | |
| band من Z disk ل Z disk هذا بنسميه إيشcircumer | |
| 201 | |
| 00:19:39,950 --> 00:19:44,390 | |
| ..circumer اللي هو يعتبر زي ما اتفقنا functional | |
| 202 | |
| 00:19:44,390 --> 00:19:48,290 | |
| ..circumer functional sub unit of contracted | |
| 203 | |
| 00:19:48,290 --> 00:19:54,550 | |
| apparatus okay when the muscle fibers is | |
| 204 | |
| 00:19:54,550 --> 00:19:59,970 | |
| contracted لما يحدث انقبال في العضلات في ال fibers | |
| 205 | |
| 00:19:59,970 --> 00:20:05,120 | |
| بتاعة العضلةthe length of the sarcomere is short | |
| 206 | |
| 00:20:05,120 --> 00:20:10,560 | |
| بيحدث قصور في ال sarcomere يعني ال z المسافة بين | |
| 207 | |
| 00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:16,020 | |
| ال z ل z بتخسر بيحدث انقباض في العضلة and actin | |
| 208 | |
| 00:20:16,020 --> 00:20:21,220 | |
| filaments overlap the myosin filament و ال actin | |
| 209 | |
| 00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:27,700 | |
| بيعملوا overlap لمن لال myosin في حاجة اسمها ال | |
| 210 | |
| 00:20:27,700 --> 00:20:31,910 | |
| titin proteinهذا تيتن البروتين يحافظ على وجود | |
| 211 | |
| 00:20:31,910 --> 00:20:36,770 | |
| الميوسين والاكتن في نفس المكان وظيفته يحافظ على | |
| 212 | |
| 00:20:36,770 --> 00:20:44,470 | |
| وجود الميوسين والاكتن في نفس المكان one | |
| 213 | |
| 00:20:44,470 --> 00:20:49,950 | |
| end of the titin molecule is elastic and is | |
| 214 | |
| 00:20:49,950 --> 00:20:55,280 | |
| attached to the z diskيبقى أن هذا واحد من ال .. ال | |
| 215 | |
| 00:20:55,280 --> 00:20:58,800 | |
| .. ال titanium protein تمام هذا فيه zip disk | |
| 216 | |
| 00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:04,380 | |
| attached لإيه؟ zip acting as feeling and changing | |
| 217 | |
| 00:21:04,380 --> 00:21:08,960 | |
| length as sarcomere contract and relax وهذا دمال | |
| 218 | |
| 00:21:08,960 --> 00:21:16,360 | |
| إيش قصور للعضلة أثناء الإنقباض أو طولها بترجع | |
| 219 | |
| 00:21:16,360 --> 00:21:20,920 | |
| لطولها الطبيعي و في حالة ال rest و في حالة ال | |
| 220 | |
| 00:21:20,920 --> 00:21:27,750 | |
| relaxationهنا هنا واضح اللي هو ال .. ال .. ال | |
| 221 | |
| 00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:33,190 | |
| thick filament ال thick filament هذا ميسين و ال | |
| 222 | |
| 00:21:33,190 --> 00:21:39,410 | |
| thin filamentهذا ايه اللي هو Actin في حالة انقباض | |
| 223 | |
| 00:21:39,410 --> 00:21:45,910 | |
| ال Actin بيعمل overlap على الميسين بيدخل على | |
| 224 | |
| 00:21:45,910 --> 00:21:51,670 | |
| الميسين و بيحدث قصور ل shortening ل ال muscle | |
| 225 | |
| 00:21:51,670 --> 00:21:55,630 | |
| fibers هذا بيؤدي الى انقباض العضلة و هي بيحدث | |
| 226 | |
| 00:21:55,630 --> 00:21:56,670 | |
| muscle contraction | |
| 227 | |
| 00:21:59,910 --> 00:22:09,630 | |
| الجزء الثاني من | |
| 228 | |
| 00:22:09,630 --> 00:22:16,050 | |
| تيتن المليكل مرتبط | |
| 229 | |
| 00:22:16,050 --> 00:22:22,510 | |
| مع ميوسينوهذا في الحالة هذه عساسيا ملتبات للميوسين | |
| 230 | |
| 00:22:22,510 --> 00:22:29,110 | |
| والأكتن نفسها تملاء overlap لمين على الميوسين | |
| 231 | |
| 00:22:29,110 --> 00:22:31,890 | |
| ويحدث shortening of the muscle and muscle | |
| 232 | |
| 00:22:31,890 --> 00:22:39,150 | |
| contraction molecular characteristics of filaments | |
| 233 | |
| 00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:44,030 | |
| اللي هم ال myosin and actin اللي بيكونونها ال | |
| 234 | |
| 00:22:44,030 --> 00:22:52,010 | |
| myofibrilميسين مليكل هو thick filament هو يعتبر | |
| 235 | |
| 00:22:52,010 --> 00:22:58,530 | |
| ايه؟ thick filament ال .. it composed of six | |
| 236 | |
| 00:22:58,530 --> 00:23:05,990 | |
| polypeptide polypeptide chain اللي هم اتنين heavy | |
| 237 | |
| 00:23:05,990 --> 00:23:12,420 | |
| chain بيكونون اللي هم ال headو ال tail هي ال head | |
| 238 | |
| 00:23:12,420 --> 00:23:16,960 | |
| يعني انا ال head و هذا ال tail هدول too heavy واحد | |
| 239 | |
| 00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:21,580 | |
| أزرق و واحد أحمر بيكونون ال tail اللي هو ال tail | |
| 240 | |
| 00:23:21,580 --> 00:23:26,300 | |
| او ال tail و بيكونون ال head بتاعهم هدول too heavy | |
| 241 | |
| 00:23:26,990 --> 00:23:35,130 | |
| and for light chain و 4 light بيكونونا اللي هم لل | |
| 242 | |
| 00:23:35,130 --> 00:23:40,650 | |
| head of a molecule او filament اتنين بيكونوا في | |
| 243 | |
| 00:23:40,650 --> 00:23:47,050 | |
| الأعلى تمام و اتنين بيكونوا في الأسفل هنا ال | |
| 244 | |
| 00:23:47,050 --> 00:23:52,640 | |
| myosin head functionsواضيفته ال myosin head نفس | |
| 245 | |
| 00:23:52,640 --> 00:23:58,340 | |
| موضوع ال ATP enzyme نفس موضوع ال ATP اللي له علاقة | |
| 246 | |
| 00:23:58,340 --> 00:24:04,240 | |
| بإفراز الطاقة طيب انا اتكلمت على مين؟ على ال | |
| 247 | |
| 00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:08,660 | |
| myosin molecule الان انا بتكلم على actin filament | |
| 248 | |
| 00:24:08,660 --> 00:24:13,020 | |
| يعني لو قلنالكم مين هو ال thick filament هو ال | |
| 249 | |
| 00:24:13,020 --> 00:24:19,590 | |
| myosinمين هو ال thin molecule؟ هو ايه؟ ال acting | |
| 250 | |
| 00:24:19,590 --> 00:24:25,610 | |
| ال acting هو عبارة عن composed of actin, | |
| 251 | |
| 00:24:26,650 --> 00:24:31,790 | |
| tropomyosin و Tropanin involved in muscle | |
| 252 | |
| 00:24:31,790 --> 00:24:36,710 | |
| contraction and other important cellular processes | |
| 253 | |
| 00:24:36,710 --> 00:24:40,950 | |
| هذا كله يتبر ايه؟ acting filaments اللي هو thin | |
| 254 | |
| 00:24:40,950 --> 00:24:48,350 | |
| filamentsداخل بيكون مع الترابو مياسين | |
| 255 | |
| 00:24:48,350 --> 00:24:56,350 | |
| ترابو مياسين انا هنا شوحتلكم تركيبة ال muscle و | |
| 256 | |
| 00:24:56,350 --> 00:25:01,550 | |
| تركيبة ال muscle fibers و ال myofibrils الان | |
| 257 | |
| 00:25:01,550 --> 00:25:07,010 | |
| بنتكلم على ال receptors الموجودين في ال muscle في | |
| 258 | |
| 00:25:07,010 --> 00:25:12,490 | |
| انا muscle spindlesare found in all striated | |
| 259 | |
| 00:25:12,490 --> 00:25:19,590 | |
| muscle فنشن بتاعتهم monitoring muscle length او | |
| 260 | |
| 00:25:19,590 --> 00:25:25,970 | |
| stretch يكون اول شي فيه انها muscle spindles وفيه | |
| 261 | |
| 00:25:25,970 --> 00:25:33,650 | |
| golgi tendon organsهي موجودة في عضلات عضلات عضلة | |
| 262 | |
| 00:25:33,650 --> 00:25:38,410 | |
| قريبة من عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة | |
| 263 | |
| 00:25:38,410 --> 00:25:41,970 | |
| عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة | |
| 264 | |
| 00:25:41,970 --> 00:25:43,010 | |
| عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة | |
| 265 | |
| 00:25:43,010 --> 00:25:43,890 | |
| عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة | |
| 266 | |
| 00:25:43,890 --> 00:25:44,530 | |
| عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة | |
| 267 | |
| 00:25:44,530 --> 00:25:44,770 | |
| عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة عضلة | |
| 268 | |
| 00:25:44,770 --> 00:25:49,680 | |
| عضلة عضلة عضلة عأول نوع اسمه muscle spindles اللي | |
| 269 | |
| 00:25:49,680 --> 00:25:53,980 | |
| علاقة بال muscle strength بالطول العضلة والنوع | |
| 270 | |
| 00:25:53,980 --> 00:25:58,040 | |
| الثاني اسمه Golgi tendon organs بيكون قريب لل | |
| 271 | |
| 00:25:58,040 --> 00:26:01,620 | |
| tendon of the muscle وضيفته monitoring of muscle | |
| 272 | |
| 00:26:01,620 --> 00:26:02,460 | |
| contraction | |
| 273 | |
| 00:26:05,210 --> 00:26:08,050 | |
| في الداخل نفسه في النص هنا بيكون فيه receptor اللي | |
| 274 | |
| 00:26:08,050 --> 00:26:10,910 | |
| هو علاقة بيسميهم muscle spindles طب و في نهاية | |
| 275 | |
| 00:26:10,910 --> 00:26:14,730 | |
| العضلة وين ال tendons هذا بيسميها Golgi tendon | |
| 276 | |
| 00:26:14,730 --> 00:26:18,910 | |
| organs ال golgi tendon organs اللي علاقة بال | |
| 277 | |
| 00:26:18,910 --> 00:26:23,410 | |
| muscle contraction أما muscle spindles اللي علاقة | |
| 278 | |
| 00:26:23,410 --> 00:26:28,230 | |
| بال length and stretch of the muscle هنا جابلنا | |
| 279 | |
| 00:26:28,230 --> 00:26:33,550 | |
| عضلة اللي هي biceps muscle نتاجر للموضوع الأخير | |
| 280 | |
| 00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:39,820 | |
| اللي هو mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction | |
| 281 | |
| 00:26:39,820 --> 00:26:45,380 | |
| كيه بيحدث muscle contraction؟ في action potential | |
| 282 | |
| 00:26:45,380 --> 00:26:51,480 | |
| ال action potential travels along a motor nerve | |
| 283 | |
| 00:26:51,480 --> 00:26:56,360 | |
| بتيجي الإشارة ال nerve impulse مع ال motor nerve | |
| 284 | |
| 00:26:56,360 --> 00:27:02,680 | |
| fibers بتصل لحد ال endings of muscle fibers لحد ال | |
| 285 | |
| 00:27:02,680 --> 00:27:06,720 | |
| neuromuscular junctionلحد مين؟ Neuromuscular | |
| 286 | |
| 00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:14,420 | |
| junction at each ending في النهاية نيرف سيكريتز | |
| 287 | |
| 00:27:14,420 --> 00:27:21,120 | |
| يعني في البريسينبتك بتم إخراج ال neurotransmitters | |
| 288 | |
| 00:27:21,120 --> 00:27:25,720 | |
| اللي هم مين؟ Acetylcholine هدول بيكونوا في | |
| 289 | |
| 00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:31,180 | |
| vesicles موجودين هذا الacetylcholine بتتحد مع | |
| 290 | |
| 00:27:31,180 --> 00:27:36,940 | |
| الacetylcholine receptorsوفي الحالة هذه بعمل | |
| 291 | |
| 00:27:36,940 --> 00:27:43,300 | |
| stimulation لل opening of sodium channels في | |
| 292 | |
| 00:27:43,300 --> 00:27:47,740 | |
| ساركوليما هذا بيقدي ل action potential action | |
| 293 | |
| 00:27:47,740 --> 00:27:51,260 | |
| potential يمكن تتم عملية حاجة زي ال depolarization | |
| 294 | |
| 00:27:51,260 --> 00:27:59,060 | |
| ال action potential بنتقل ل ال muscle fibers | |
| 295 | |
| 00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:07,340 | |
| بصلة Transverse Tube بنسميها T-Tubule أو T-Tube | |
| 296 | |
| 00:28:07,340 --> 00:28:13,000 | |
| موجودة في الـ Sarcoplasmic Reticulum System هذا | |
| 297 | |
| 00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:18,100 | |
| العملية تعمل Calcium Relays Channels في ال | |
| 298 | |
| 00:28:18,100 --> 00:28:22,920 | |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum بيؤدي إلى Opening of | |
| 299 | |
| 00:28:22,920 --> 00:28:28,240 | |
| Calcium Channels واحنا عارفين ال calcium مهم جدا ل | |
| 300 | |
| 00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:33,200 | |
| contraction of the muscleهذا راح يقد إلى ال | |
| 301 | |
| 00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:38,480 | |
| opening of calcium channels ويقد إلى a opening of | |
| 302 | |
| 00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:47,440 | |
| calcium to diffuse rapidly in the sarcoplasm دخلي | |
| 303 | |
| 00:28:47,440 --> 00:28:51,080 | |
| الكالسيوم على ال sarcoplasm الكالسيوم بتحد مع | |
| 304 | |
| 00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:56,520 | |
| التروبونين بيقد إلى change في its shape بتاع | |
| 305 | |
| 00:28:56,520 --> 00:29:01,950 | |
| التروبونينمع حركة للـ Tropomyosin الموجود في الـ | |
| 306 | |
| 00:29:01,950 --> 00:29:08,140 | |
| Actins اللي هي الـ thin filaments هذا بيقدرالى | |
| 307 | |
| 00:29:08,140 --> 00:29:13,760 | |
| تغيرات في ال thin actin و ال thick myosin بحدث | |
| 308 | |
| 00:29:13,760 --> 00:29:19,480 | |
| overlap ل ال actins على ال myosin هذا بيقدي الى | |
| 309 | |
| 00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:26,580 | |
| shortening of the muscle fibers and myofibril و ل | |
| 310 | |
| 00:29:26,580 --> 00:29:31,130 | |
| muscle contraction muscle ايه contractionهذه | |
| 311 | |
| 00:29:31,130 --> 00:29:34,150 | |
| العملية اللي اتكلمنا عنها هنا في الـ presynaptic | |
| 312 | |
| 00:29:34,150 --> 00:29:39,630 | |
| وسط الإشارة مع nerve fibers هنا في فيه vesicles | |
| 313 | |
| 00:29:39,630 --> 00:29:44,070 | |
| هذه ال vesicles موجود فيها acetylcholine ال | |
| 314 | |
| 00:29:44,070 --> 00:29:47,190 | |
| acetylcholine بتم إفرازه من ال presynaptic | |
| 315 | |
| 00:29:47,190 --> 00:29:51,810 | |
| vesiclesفيها نيرو ترانسمتر اسمه Acetylcholine تم | |
| 316 | |
| 00:29:51,810 --> 00:29:54,870 | |
| إفراز إن الـ neurotransmitter اللي هو | |
| 317 | |
| 00:29:54,870 --> 00:29:59,410 | |
| Acetylcholine هذا بتحد ال Acetylcholine مع اللي هو | |
| 318 | |
| 00:29:59,410 --> 00:30:04,470 | |
| Acetylcholine الريسبتورز بيؤدي إلى دخول إشارة ل ال | |
| 319 | |
| 00:30:04,470 --> 00:30:08,790 | |
| muscle fibers في المكان هذا بيحدث opening ل ال | |
| 320 | |
| 00:30:08,790 --> 00:30:13,670 | |
| sodium channel و بتحدث عملية مثل ال depolarization | |
| 321 | |
| 00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:17,720 | |
| الإشارة راح تنتقل من الـ nerve fibers إلى ال | |
| 322 | |
| 00:30:17,720 --> 00:30:18,640 | |
| muscle fibers | |
| 323 | |
| 00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:27,420 | |
| action potential بيتم عملية انه دخول ل T tube او T | |
| 324 | |
| 00:30:27,420 --> 00:30:32,880 | |
| tubule الخضرة هذه بعدها بيحدث عملية اللي هو | |
| 325 | |
| 00:30:32,880 --> 00:30:38,860 | |
| opening of calcium channel ال calcium channel راح | |
| 326 | |
| 00:30:38,860 --> 00:30:43,320 | |
| يفوت الكالسيوم على الساركوليما ويعمل عملية muscle | |
| 327 | |
| 00:30:43,320 --> 00:30:48,040 | |
| contraction اللي احنا اتكلمنا عنها okay هي كده | |
| 328 | |
| 00:30:48,040 --> 00:30:53,130 | |
| شرحنافي اختصار في slideين موضوع ال muscle | |
| 329 | |
| 00:30:53,130 --> 00:30:59,050 | |
| contraction طب what is the mechanism of skeletal | |
| 330 | |
| 00:30:59,050 --> 00:31:03,710 | |
| muscle relaxation؟ muscle relaxation after muscle | |
| 331 | |
| 00:31:03,710 --> 00:31:10,350 | |
| contraction بتحدث بيحدث stop و closure ل ال | |
| 332 | |
| 00:31:10,350 --> 00:31:14,090 | |
| potassium و ال sodium channelsفي الحالة هذه | |
| 333 | |
| 00:31:14,090 --> 00:31:17,210 | |
| الإشارة ما راح تنتقل من ال nerve fibers لل muscle | |
| 334 | |
| 00:31:17,210 --> 00:31:20,870 | |
| مدام ما انتقلتش الإشارة من ال nerve fibers لل | |
| 335 | |
| 00:31:20,870 --> 00:31:25,410 | |
| muscle نفس الشيء بيحدث ال closure ل ال calcium | |
| 336 | |
| 00:31:25,410 --> 00:31:32,350 | |
| channels بقل كمية ال calcium في ال sarcolema في ال | |
| 337 | |
| 00:31:32,350 --> 00:31:37,810 | |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum وهذا راح يؤدي إلى muscle | |
| 338 | |
| 00:31:37,810 --> 00:31:45,450 | |
| relaxation muscle toneSkeletal muscle toneإيش هي؟ | |
| 339 | |
| 00:31:45,450 --> 00:31:52,910 | |
| هي عبارة عن certain amount of fatness remains in a | |
| 340 | |
| 00:31:52,910 --> 00:31:55,990 | |
| muscle at rest يعني انا لو فحصت ال muscle tone | |
| 341 | |
| 00:31:55,990 --> 00:31:58,730 | |
| ببحث بالطريقة هذه يعني بده افحص اللي في ال elbow | |
| 342 | |
| 00:31:58,730 --> 00:32:02,890 | |
| بتعمل passive passive flexion and passive | |
| 343 | |
| 00:32:02,890 --> 00:32:06,590 | |
| extension ممكن يكون normal muscle tone ممكن يكون | |
| 344 | |
| 00:32:06,590 --> 00:32:10,650 | |
| muscle hypertonia بلاحظ ايه تيبس و انا بحرك في | |
| 345 | |
| 00:32:10,650 --> 00:32:13,970 | |
| العضلة شد العضلة معايا أكتر هذه muscle hypertonia | |
| 346 | |
| 00:32:14,670 --> 00:32:22,630 | |
| الرقص المسلسل ينتهي من عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل | |
| 347 | |
| 00:32:22,630 --> 00:32:30,250 | |
| عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل عقل عقلSignal transmitted | |
| 348 | |
| 00:32:30,250 --> 00:32:35,830 | |
| from the brain to the appropriate motor neurons in | |
| 349 | |
| 00:32:35,830 --> 00:32:39,910 | |
| the anterohorses of the spinal cord أو Signal that | |
| 350 | |
| 00:32:39,910 --> 00:32:44,950 | |
| originate in the muscle spindles located in the | |
| 351 | |
| 00:32:44,950 --> 00:32:48,550 | |
| muscle itself يعني ال muscle tone ممكن تحكم فيه | |
| 352 | |
| 00:32:48,550 --> 00:32:51,170 | |
| اللي هو ال muscle spindles نفسها اللي موجودة في ال | |
| 353 | |
| 00:32:51,170 --> 00:32:55,570 | |
| muscle أو اللي هو ال nerve signal اللي جاي من ال | |
| 354 | |
| 00:32:55,570 --> 00:32:57,470 | |
| anterohorses of | |
| 355 | |
| 00:33:04,650 --> 00:33:09,470 | |
| أو نتكلم عن muscle hypertrophy muscle hypertrophy | |
| 356 | |
| 00:33:09,470 --> 00:33:17,200 | |
| due to reduction of stimulationبحدث decrease في ال | |
| 357 | |
| 00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:22,320 | |
| muscle mass tone and power أكيد مدام حدث أمور في | |
| 358 | |
| 00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:28,580 | |
| العضلة راح يقل ال muscle mass بتاعها تقل حجمها ال | |
| 359 | |
| 00:33:28,580 --> 00:33:32,260 | |
| tone بتاعها راح يتغير و يقل و ال power راح يضعف | |
| 360 | |
| 00:33:32,260 --> 00:33:36,690 | |
| قوة العضلةmuscle becomes flaccid، بتحدث flaccidity | |
| 361 | |
| 00:33:36,690 --> 00:33:42,590 | |
| في ال muscle fibers و بيحدث decrease في ال size of | |
| 362 | |
| 00:33:42,590 --> 00:33:47,570 | |
| muscle fibers and becomes weaker، بتحدث تكون ضريفة | |
| 363 | |
| 00:33:47,570 --> 00:33:54,420 | |
| العضلة و قد يؤدي إلى ال muscle هيبطرفيTemporary | |
| 364 | |
| 00:33:54,420 --> 00:33:58,680 | |
| reduction in muscle use يعني في بعض الأحيان ممكن | |
| 365 | |
| 00:33:58,680 --> 00:34:04,120 | |
| ضمور العضلات يكون ناتج عن disuse عدم استخدام مثل | |
| 366 | |
| 00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:07,620 | |
| الناس اللي بيحطولهم جبس انكسرت رجل ويحطوله جبس بعد | |
| 367 | |
| 00:34:07,620 --> 00:34:10,960 | |
| ده بيحتاج إيش علاج طبيعي لإنه ممكن يحدث | |
| 368 | |
| 00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:14,880 | |
| contraction في ال joint ويحدث ضعف العضلة ليش حدث | |
| 369 | |
| 00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:20,720 | |
| ضعف العضلة؟ اللي عدم الاستخدام due to disuse مثل | |
| 370 | |
| 00:34:20,720 --> 00:34:25,570 | |
| هيدراتروفياهنا في ال hypertrophy بيحدث increase in | |
| 371 | |
| 00:34:25,570 --> 00:34:30,830 | |
| muscle fiber size خاصة | |
| 372 | |
| 00:34:30,830 --> 00:34:33,710 | |
| في ال repeative stimulation of muscle fibers | |
| 373 | |
| 00:34:33,710 --> 00:34:41,670 | |
| للميترو كندريا بزيد عملية ال glycogen و بزيد ال | |
| 374 | |
| 00:34:41,670 --> 00:34:44,870 | |
| ability to produce ATP وما دام زاد ال ATP ممكن | |
| 375 | |
| 00:34:44,870 --> 00:34:49,250 | |
| يحدث هنا تضخم في العضلةhyperatrophy مصر | |
| 376 | |
| 00:34:49,250 --> 00:34:53,350 | |
| hyperatrophy ممكن يكون true hypertrophy يعني تدخم | |
| 377 | |
| 00:34:53,350 --> 00:34:57,310 | |
| حقيقي زي واحد بيمارس رياضة او تكون pseudo | |
| 378 | |
| 00:34:57,310 --> 00:35:02,580 | |
| hypertrophy يعني تدخم كاذبنتج عن ايش؟ عن | |
| 379 | |
| 00:35:02,580 --> 00:35:07,340 | |
| Deposition of Fat مثل ما بنشوف في حالات Duchenne | |
| 380 | |
| 00:35:07,340 --> 00:35:09,780 | |
| Muscular Dystrophy الناس اللي عندهم دمور في | |
| 381 | |
| 00:35:09,780 --> 00:35:13,860 | |
| العضلات ممكن تلاحظ ال Leg Muscles متضخمة اللي | |
| 382 | |
| 00:35:13,860 --> 00:35:17,180 | |
| بيشوف روحان فيها بيقولك متضخمة عضلته لأ هي ضعيفة | |
| 383 | |
| 00:35:17,180 --> 00:35:22,500 | |
| جدا بتكون ليه؟ لأن مكان ال muscle fibers مكان | |
| 384 | |
| 00:35:22,500 --> 00:35:28,310 | |
| الأنسجة العضليةحللنا أنسجة دهنية دهون هذا بنسميه | |
| 385 | |
| 00:35:28,310 --> 00:35:34,290 | |
| تضخم كاذب تضخم ايه كاذب او pseudo-hypertrophy طيب | |
| 386 | |
| 00:35:34,290 --> 00:35:38,730 | |
| مش الفرق بين muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia | |
| 387 | |
| 00:35:38,730 --> 00:35:43,690 | |
| muscle hypertrophyIt is a process characterized by | |
| 388 | |
| 00:35:43,690 --> 00:35:49,350 | |
| increased cell volume يعني حجم الخلية كبير لكن | |
| 389 | |
| 00:35:49,350 --> 00:35:56,550 | |
| hyperplasia بيحدث growth and increase in number of | |
| 390 | |
| 00:35:56,550 --> 00:36:00,890 | |
| cells عدد الخلايا زاد يكون هنا حدث تدخن في الخلايا | |
| 391 | |
| 00:36:00,890 --> 00:36:05,230 | |
| في ال hypertrophy hyperplasia زادوا عدد الخلايا | |
| 392 | |
| 00:36:05,230 --> 00:36:13,020 | |
| العضليةالهيبربلازيا تحدث بشكل عام في عضلات رحم | |
| 393 | |
| 00:36:13,020 --> 00:36:19,600 | |
| رسمية الهيبربلازيا بشكل عام في عضلات رحم رسمية | |
| 394 | |
| 00:36:19,600 --> 00:36:25,240 | |
| الهيبربلازيا | |
| 395 | |
| 00:36:25,240 --> 00:36:25,820 | |
| بشكل عام في عضلات الرحم رسمية الهيبربلازيا بشكل | |
| 396 | |
| 00:36:25,820 --> 00:36:28,780 | |
| عام في عضلات الرحم رسمية الهيبربلازيا بشكل عام في | |
| 397 | |
| 00:36:28,780 --> 00:36:31,640 | |
| عضلات الرحم رسمية الهيبربلازيا بشكل عام في عضلات | |
| 398 | |
| 00:36:31,640 --> 00:36:32,600 | |
| الرحم رسمية الهيبربلازيا بشكل عام في عضلات الرحم | |
| 399 | |
| 00:36:32,600 --> 00:36:35,280 | |
| رسمية الهيبربلازيا بشكل عام في عضلات الرحم رسمية | |
| 400 | |
| 00:36:35,280 --> 00:36:36,100 | |
| الهيبربلازيا بشكل عام في عضلات الرحم رسمية | |
| 401 | |
| 00:36:36,100 --> 00:36:38,730 | |
| الهيبربلازيا بشكل عام في عضلات الرحم رسمية النتكلم | |
| 402 | |
| 00:36:38,730 --> 00:36:41,210 | |
| عن مرض راح ناخده في سنة رابعة إن ضلينا طيبين ان | |
| 403 | |
| 00:36:41,210 --> 00:36:45,990 | |
| شاء الله مايستينيا غريفس هو عبارة عن autoimmune | |
| 404 | |
| 00:36:45,990 --> 00:36:51,250 | |
| disorder characterized by progressive muscular | |
| 405 | |
| 00:36:51,250 --> 00:36:55,360 | |
| fatigabilityأي مسكولار فاتقابيلتي؟ skeletal | |
| 406 | |
| 00:36:55,360 --> 00:36:58,040 | |
| muscular fatigability بيصيب skeletal muscle only | |
| 407 | |
| 00:36:58,040 --> 00:37:02,460 | |
| caused by reduction in the numbers and functions | |
| 408 | |
| 00:37:02,460 --> 00:37:07,980 | |
| of acetylcholine receptors هنا بيحدث circulation ل | |
| 409 | |
| 00:37:07,980 --> 00:37:10,820 | |
| antibodies، ال antibodies هذه بتقوم بمهاجمة | |
| 410 | |
| 00:37:10,820 --> 00:37:15,800 | |
| الacetylcholineمدام تمت مهاجمة الاسيطرال كلين | |
| 411 | |
| 00:37:15,800 --> 00:37:19,660 | |
| ريسبتورز يبقى ان ال nerve impulse مارح ينتقل من ال | |
| 412 | |
| 00:37:19,660 --> 00:37:23,580 | |
| nerve endings من العصب الى ال muscle fibers وبيحدث | |
| 413 | |
| 00:37:23,580 --> 00:37:28,240 | |
| fatigability بنسمي مرض وهن العضلات مرض ايه؟ وهن | |
| 414 | |
| 00:37:28,240 --> 00:37:33,140 | |
| العضلاتOkay ال slide الأخير اللي هو Duchene | |
| 415 | |
| 00:37:33,140 --> 00:37:38,420 | |
| muscular dystrophy هان المشكلة وين؟ mutation of | |
| 416 | |
| 00:37:38,420 --> 00:37:41,620 | |
| dystrophin gene هذا بيسمي دموع العضلات مرض دوراطي | |
| 417 | |
| 00:37:41,620 --> 00:37:45,520 | |
| بصيب العضلات بيحدث أن ال mutation طفرة في ال | |
| 418 | |
| 00:37:45,520 --> 00:37:49,740 | |
| dystrophin gene ال dystrophin هذا مهم جدا ل ال | |
| 419 | |
| 00:37:49,740 --> 00:37:54,580 | |
| muscle function يعتبر large actin bending protein | |
| 420 | |
| 00:37:54,580 --> 00:37:59,570 | |
| located just inside of sarcolemaof the skeletal | |
| 421 | |
| 00:37:59,570 --> 00:38:03,750 | |
| muscle fibers مهم للgrowth of muscle للfunction | |
| 422 | |
| 00:38:03,750 --> 00:38:08,550 | |
| organization of myofibril هذا المرض بيأدى الى | |
| 423 | |
| 00:38:08,550 --> 00:38:12,410 | |
| progressive weakness atrophy of the muscle fibers | |
| 424 | |
| 00:38:12,410 --> 00:38:16,870 | |
| أحيانا المرض هذا بيكون عندهم muscle hypertrophy | |
| 425 | |
| 00:38:17,190 --> 00:38:20,970 | |
| المرضى هدول اللي عندهم muscular dystrophy type | |
| 426 | |
| 00:38:20,970 --> 00:38:25,770 | |
| بيكونوا والد شير dependent على سن اتناشر سنة | |
| 427 | |
| 00:38:25,770 --> 00:38:30,750 | |
| بيحتاجوا كرسي متحرك بيعيشوا لحد ثمانتاشر عشرين سنة | |
| 428 | |
| 00:38:30,750 --> 00:38:33,830 | |
| أو الأعمار بيد الله من إيش بتوفوا بتوفوا من ال | |
| 429 | |
| 00:38:33,830 --> 00:38:39,270 | |
| respiratory failure and sepsisهيك بيكون احنا وصلنا | |
| 430 | |
| 00:38:39,270 --> 00:38:43,510 | |
| لنهاية المحاضرة الأسبوع الرابع عشر ووصلنا لنهاية | |
| 431 | |
| 00:38:43,510 --> 00:38:47,550 | |
| مصاق اللي هو neuro anatomy and neurophysiology | |
| 432 | |
| 00:38:47,550 --> 00:38:50,630 | |
| دمتم | |
| 433 | |
| 00:38:50,630 --> 00:38:54,710 | |
| بخير و سامحونا ان قصرنا معكم يعطيكم الف عافية | |