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ุฃุนูˆุฐ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฌูŠู… ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู†
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ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดุฑู ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุตุญุงุจูŠ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุฃู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุทุจุนุง
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ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
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cognition and learning ุทุจุนุง cognition and learning
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ
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ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุชุนู„ูŠู… ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูŠุด
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ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ cognition ุฃุถูู†ุงู‡ุงุฅุฐุง ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ููŠ
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ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ุฉ
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reinforcement ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†
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ุงู„ reward ูˆ ุงู„ punishment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุซูˆุงุจ ูˆ
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ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุจุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ุฉ learning
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without reinforcement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุจุฏู‡ ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ
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ูƒุงู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุจุฏู‡ ุชุนุฒูŠุฒุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ
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ุงู„ุฑูˆุถุฉ ููŠ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุนุฏุงุฏูŠุฉ
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ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆูŠุฉูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ูˆู†ุดุฌุนู‡ู…
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ุงู‡ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ุงุนู…ู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู†ุช ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงุฐุง ุนู…ู„ุช ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ูƒ
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ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู†ุทู‚ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ู„ูƒู† ุทูŠุจ ุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏู‡
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ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฎู„ุต ุฌุงู…ุนุชู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชุนู„ู… ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุงุฌุณุชูŠุฑ ู‡ู„
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ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ุชุนุฒูŠุฒุŸ ู„ุฃ ูููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ adult
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learning ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุจุฏู‡ูˆุด ุชุนุฒูŠุฒุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณู…ู‡ุง self
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learning ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุชุชุนู„ู… ู…ู† ุฐุงุชู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุจุจ
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ุฃุชุนู„ู… ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุจุจ ูŠุชุนู„ู… ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจูƒู„ ุฅูŠุฑุงุฏุชู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ
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ุจูƒู„ ู…ุญุจุฉ ูˆ ุจูƒู„ ุฅุตุฑุงุฑ ุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
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cognitive psychologists ุฅูŠุด ุฌุงู†ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠุจุญุงูุธูˆุง
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ู…ุงู†ุชูŠู† ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง that much of human learning occurs
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without reinforcement ุจู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู† ู…ุนุธู… ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
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ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠูŠู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุนุธู… ุชุนู„ูŠู…
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฏูˆู† ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ูˆุงู†ุง ุจุฃูƒุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒูŠู
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุฑุงุช ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจู„ู‚ูˆุง ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจุชุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ู…ู†
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู† ุงุนุฒุฒู‡ู… ุงูˆ ุงู† ุงุดุฌุนู‡ู… ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุฌูŠ
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ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุงุฏูŠูˆุฃูˆ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ูุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนู„ู…
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ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ุญุฏ ูŠุดุฌุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุดุฌุน ู†ูุณูŠ ุทูŠุจ
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two types of cognitive learning ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู†
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ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠู† ุงูˆู„
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ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ุงุณู…ู‡ latent learning ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ latent
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learningุŸุจุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ุตุฏู‡ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู…
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ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุŒ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุดูˆูุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ
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ุฅุดุงุฑุฉุŒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑุฌุŒ
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ุงู„ nursing fieldุŒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ when an organism ุฃูŠ ูƒุงุฆู†
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ุญูŠ learns a new behavior ุฅุฐุง ุชุนู„ู… ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ but
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does not demonstrate ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุคุฏูŠthis knowledge
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ until ุญุชู‰
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incentive to do ุญุชู‰ ุทู„ุจุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุชู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูุนู‡ ู„ูŠุนู…ู„
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ุฐู„ูƒ so ุจู‚ูˆู„ the learning is called latent learning
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุฑ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู„ู… ู†ุงุณ
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ุญุงุฌุงุช ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู… ูˆู…ูŠุทุจู‚ูˆู‡ุงุด ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุทุจู‚ูˆู‡ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุณู…ู‡
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ุฅูŠู‡ latent learningุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุณู…ูˆู‡ ุทูˆุงุฆูŠ ุนู†
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ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฃุชูŠ ุซู…ุงุฑู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุฌุงู„
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nursing fieldุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญูƒูŠ
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ุงู„ example ู†ุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ุฅู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุง
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ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงู…ุณูƒุด ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุถุบุทุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ
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ุงู„ุถุบุท ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ูŠุฒุงู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ a vital
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science ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช
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ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉtemperature ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
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ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง ูˆ ุนู„ู…ุชู‡ ูƒูŠู ูŠุฏู‚ ุงู„ุฅุจุฑุฉ ูˆ ุนู„ู…ุชู‡ ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู…ู„
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ุบูŠุงุฑ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰
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ุจูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุณู…ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ latent learning ุงุนุทุงู†ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„
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ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุงูุฑุถ ุงู†ุช ุฌุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠูƒ you
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learn ุงูŠุด ูƒุชุจู„ูŠ ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ unfamiliar part of town
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ุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ููŠ ุดูˆุงุฑุนู‡ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑูู‡ุงู„ูƒู†
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ู„ูˆ someone tells you how to get there ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ
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ุฌุงู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงุฌูŠ
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ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุจูƒ ููŠ ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ุดูุงุก ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุณุงูƒู† ููŠ ุบู†ูŠูˆู†ุณ ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุชุฏุฑูŠุจูƒ ููŠ ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠ
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ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุจุน ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ุดูุงูƒ ูˆ ุงูŠู† ุงุฑูˆุญ ูŠุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู‡ูˆ
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ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุงูƒู† ููŠ ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ุญ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงูŠู†
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ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงูŠุด ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุณู…ุญุช ุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุจุณูŠุท ุงู†ุช ุจุชุฑูƒุจ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉู‡ุชุตู„ ู„ุดุงุฑุน ู…ุซู„ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ุดุงุฑุน
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ุงู„ู†ุตุฑูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจูˆุตูู„ู‡ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุฃูˆุตู ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
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ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุด ุฑุงูŠุญ ุงุณู…ู‡ latent learning ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑูˆุญ
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ุจูŠุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุตูุชู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุตู„ ู„ู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ู„ูƒู†
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ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐุงูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู…ุชู‡ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
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ุงุณู…ู‡ observational ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ action observation
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ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ
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ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠุฏ ุจู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
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ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุญุถุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆ
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ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ู‡ ู†ุธุฑูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
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ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุด ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„
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organism gain ุฅูŠุด gain ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุณุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
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ุจูŠู…ู„ูƒ great deal of knowledge ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุนุธูŠู…ุฉ
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through ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅูŠู‡ observing ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ behavior of
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others observations occur by looking ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
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ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉtouching ูˆู„ู…ุณ
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listening ุงู„ุณู…ุน it's track ุงู„ุงุฎุฑูŠู† this model ู‡ุฐุง
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ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง called observational learning
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ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุงุนุทุงู†ูŠ
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ู…ุซุงู„ example ู‡ู†ุง ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงูŠุด ุฌุงู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ nursing
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skills ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุงู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†
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ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุฌุฏ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ู…ุด ู‡ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ู‡ูƒูŠู
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ุฃูุฑุถ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุถุงูŠุฌ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุจุฑุฉ ุจุชู†ุฏุฌ
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ุฒูŠูƒ ุฅุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุฒูŠูƒ ูˆ
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ุงู„ุฅุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ุฒูŠูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจูˆุฑูŠู‡ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ
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ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏูŠู‡
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ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุฃุดุฑุญ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุตุจุญ ุงู„ูุงุถูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง
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ุชุดูˆูู†ุง ุฅู†ุช ูƒูŠู ู†ุนู…ู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุด ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุจู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅู†ุช ุดูˆูุชู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ Observational Learning
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ุงู„psychologist ุงูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู†ูุณู‡ู…
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developed forms of psychotherapy ุฑุงุญูˆุง ูˆุดูƒู„ูˆุง
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ุฑุงุญูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง psychotherapy ุงุณู…
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ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู†ูุณูŠ ุจุชุชุฃุณุณ ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง ุฃูŠุด
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observation learning ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุจุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุจุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุฃู„ ุทุจ
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ุงู†ุช ู„ูŠุด ูŠุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠุฏูˆ ุงู„ุดุงุจ
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ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠุฏ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ุงุชูุงุฌุฃุช ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰
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ุดุงู… ุฑูŠุญุฉ ุจูˆู„ูŠุฏูŠู† ุดุงู… ุฑูŠุญุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ูƒุญูˆู„ ุดุงู ุฅู†ุณุงู†
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ุจุชู‚ู„ู… ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุงู† ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃู‚ุนุฏ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ ู…ุง
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ุชุฎุงูุด ู…ุง ุชุฎุงูุด ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุตุฏู‚ู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡
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ุจุดุชุบู„ ูˆ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆ ุจูˆุฑูŠู‡ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡
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ู…ุงููŠ ุฎูˆู ูˆ ุจุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ูู„ู…ุง ุจุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡
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ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุฌูˆู‡ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ููŠ
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phobiaููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ู„ุน ุงู„ุฎูˆู ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑุถุง
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ุฃุฌุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุง ุณู…ุญ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุฌุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุง ู†ุถุญูƒุด ู„ูˆ
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ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุถู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฎุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุณ ู…ู†
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ุงู„ู‚ุทุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู…ุฑุงุฏ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุฎุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุฑุณูˆุฑ
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ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุชุนุฏ ุงู†ุง ุงุฏู‚ ู‚ุจุฑ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุฑูƒุจ ูˆ ู…ุณุชุนุฏ
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ูŠุณุญุจูˆุง ู…ู†ูŠ ุฏู… ุจุณ ู…ุงุชุฌูŠุจุด ุณุฑุณูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠุง ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
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ุฃุนู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุŸ ุฌุงุช ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงุณู…ู‡
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ุฅูŠุด ุฃุนุทูŠ ุฃูˆ ุถุฏ ุงู„ุณุฑุณูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ
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ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ clients ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„
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ุฅูŠุดุŸ observe othersุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู†ุŒ
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performanceุŒ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ phobic
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activities safelyุŒ ุจู†ุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฎุงู
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ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุณุฑุณูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ุจู†ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑุณูˆุฑ ุฌุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฑุงุญ ุฎุจุทู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ุŒ
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ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุณุฑุณูˆุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฎุงููˆุดุŒ ุจูŠู…ูˆุชุดุŒ
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ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ they can develop confidenceุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
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ุซู‚ุฉand imitate ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ู„ุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงูุฑุถ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฌูŠ ุทุงู„ุจ ู‚ุงู„
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ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุชุญู…ู„ ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃู…ุณูƒ ุฅุจุฑุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุงูŠ
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ุฒู…ูŠู„ูƒ ุชูุถู„ ุจู…ุณูƒ ุฒู…ูŠู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฅุจุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูˆ
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ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุฑูŠุงุญ ุจูƒู„ ุฃุฑูŠุงุญูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุทุจ
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ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฌุฑุจ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญุฉ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ
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ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง social cognitive theoryุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠุฉ
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ุงู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุดูˆ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู„ู‰
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question ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ how and why ูƒูŠู ูˆ
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู„ personality styles ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ personality
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stylesุŸ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุฒู…ุงู† ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ูˆ styles ุฃู†ู…ุงุท
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ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ are ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ maintained over time
146
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ูƒูŠู ูŠุญุงูุธ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
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ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ูƒูŠู ูŠุญุงูุธ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู…ุท ุดุฎุตูŠุชู‡ ู…ุงุชุชุบูŠุฑุด
148
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ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุทูˆู„ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุฒุนูŠู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ู… ุงุณู…ู‡
149
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ุจูŠุง ุฌูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุจูŠุง ุฌูŠ ุชู„ูุธ ุจูŠุง ุฌูŠุช ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉschema
150
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ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุบูŠุฑ schema ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ schemas ุงู„ู„ูŠ
151
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ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุทุŒ ุดูˆ ุฃู†ู…ุงุทุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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ุฃู†ู…ุงุทุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† organized sets of
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knowledge about particular domains of life ุฃู†ุง
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ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ุชุฎุงููˆุดุจู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ
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ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ู…ู†
156
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ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉุŒ
157
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ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุดุฎุตูŠุชู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด
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ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ Coloring the way we perceive eventsุŒ ุดูˆ
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ู…ุนู†ู‰ coloringุŸ ุชู„ูˆู†ุŒ perception ูƒู„ู…ุฉ perception
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ุนู…ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒุŒ events ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุซุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ุตุงุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง
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ุฏูŠุŸู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ุชู„ูˆู† ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง
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ูˆุชู„ูˆู† ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒู†ุง ู„ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ูˆู† ุญูŠุงุชู†ุงุŸ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู…
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ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ูุฑุถุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
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ู…ุทุนู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูˆ ุณู…ุญุช ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุดุงูˆุฑู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุฃ
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ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุจุด ุงู„ุดุงูˆุฑู…ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุณู…ุญุช ุฃุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุดูˆุด ุทู…ูˆุญ
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ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุจุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
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ุณุงู†ุฏูˆุด ูู„ุงูู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ู‰ ูู„ุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆูู„ุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
168
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ูู„ุงู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุท .. ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ .. ูˆ ุณุจุญุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ูˆู„ูˆ ู„ุง
169
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ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฃุฐูˆุงู‚ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุซู„ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุจุงุฑุท ุงู„ุณู„ุนุŒ ุฅูŠุด
170
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ุจุงุฑุทุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฎุฑุจุช ูˆูƒุณุฏุช ุงู„ุณู„ุนุŒ ูุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ู‡ุฐุง
171
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ุณู†ุฉ ูƒูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู„ุฃุณู
172
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู†ู…ุท ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู†ู…ุท ุงู„ุฎุฌูˆู„ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ู‡ุดุฑุญ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ
173
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ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุทุŒ ูุจู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุดุฎุต with a shyness schemaุŒ
174
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shyness ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฎุฌู„ุŒ schema ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ู…ุทูƒุฃู†ู‡
175
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ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ุทูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฌูˆู„ุฉ .. ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ุทูŠุฉ
176
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ุงู„ุฎุฌูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒูŠูุŸ if you ..
177
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ูŠู„ุงุญุธ slightest .. slight ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุทุจ slightest
178
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ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ mistake ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎุทุฃ ุจูŠุดูˆููˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุดูˆููˆุง
179
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ูƒุฅู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด disaster ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
180
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ุงู„ุฎุฌูˆู„ูŠู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุฒูˆู… ุจูŠุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
181
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ุฒูŠ ูƒุงุฆู† ูƒุงุฑุซุฉ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซู„ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด
182
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ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุŸ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฃู…ู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุณู…ุญุช ุฑูˆุญ ุชุดุชุฑูŠู„ูŠ ูƒู…ูˆู†ุŒ
183
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ุจุฑุถู‡ุงุดุŒ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุทุจ ุฎุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ shake ู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูƒ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุช ุฑูˆุญ
184
00:12:05,790 --> 00:12:09,230
ุฅูŠุด ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ูƒู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุดุงูƒู„ ู†ุณูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูƒู…ูˆู†ุŒ
185
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ุฑูˆุญ ุนุดุงู† ุฅูŠุด ุฑุงุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ุŒ ู†ุณูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุดุงุฑุน ูู„ูู„
186
00:12:12,630 --> 00:12:15,970
ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุฑูˆุญุŒ ุฃู…ู‡ ุฒุนู„ุชุŒ ุฌุงู„ุชู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง .. ุฅูŠุด ุฌุงู„ุชู†ูŠุŸ ุฃู†ุง
187
00:12:15,970 --> 00:12:18,270
ู‚ู„ุชูƒ ุจุฏูŠ .. ุจุฏูŠ .. ูˆ ูู„ูู„ ุฃุณูˆุฏ .. ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุจุฏูŠ ูƒู…ูˆู†
188
00:12:18,770 --> 00:12:22,850
ุฑูˆุญ ุจุฏู„ูˆุง ุฑุฌุนูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุนุดุงู†
189
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ุงู„ุทูู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ shyness schema ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู†ู…ุทูŠุฉ
190
00:12:26,650 --> 00:12:29,510
ุงู„ุฎุฌูˆู„ุฉ ุตุงุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุงุจุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ
191
00:12:29,510 --> 00:12:32,810
ู…ุงุชุฎุฏูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠูƒู„ ุฃู†ุง ุดุงุฑูƒุช ุจุงู„ุดูŠูƒู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุงุจุฏูŠุด ุงู„ุดูŠูƒู„
192
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ูƒู„ู‡ ุชุจุนูƒ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฑุฌุน ูŠุง ุนู… ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุจุฏุง
193
00:12:35,910 --> 00:12:39,490
ุฅูŠุด ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฑุฌุน ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ู…ู† ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุดูุชูˆุง
194
00:12:39,490 --> 00:12:43,050
ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงุฑุซูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‚ุต ุนู„ู‰
195
00:12:43,050 --> 00:12:49,870
ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู†ูŠู† tasks ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุงุชุฅูŠุด ู‡ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุงุชุŸ
196
00:12:49,870 --> 00:12:54,130
ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆูƒู„ ุฅู„ู†ุง ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ุฏู‘ูŠู‡ุง. ุงู„ุขู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„
197
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task based ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฑุชูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ goalsุŒ ุนู„ู‰
198
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ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู. We set .. ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุถุนู‡ุง for ourselves and
199
00:13:01,390 --> 00:13:06,230
ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ The ideals. ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ .. ู‡ู†ุง idea ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุง
200
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ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ideals ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุณุนู‰ ู„ู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„
201
00:13:11,630 --> 00:13:16,010
ู„ู„ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰. ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ูŠุฉุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง
202
00:13:16,010 --> 00:13:18,810
ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุณุนู‰ ู„ู„ู…ุซุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ูƒุชุจ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู†ุง what we
203
00:13:18,810 --> 00:13:23,790
strive ูˆ ู‡ู†ูƒุงูุญ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุฑูŠุท ู…ุด
204
00:13:23,790 --> 00:13:28,510
ูƒู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ูู‰ ู†ุงุณ ุญุงุจุฉ ุชู†ุฌุญ ูˆ ุจุณ ูู‰ ู†ุงุณ ุญุงุจุฉ ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ
205
00:13:28,510 --> 00:13:32,790
ูู‰ ู†ุงุณ ุญุงุจุฉ ู„ุฃ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุงุณูŠุฑุด ุงู†ุง ุจูƒู…ู„ ูู‰ ุญุงุจุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
206
00:13:32,790 --> 00:13:36,070
ู„ุฃ ู„ูŠุด ุงู†ุง ู…ุงุณุงูุฑุด ุจุฑุง ูƒู…ุงู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู‡ task ูู‰
207
00:13:36,070 --> 00:13:39,490
ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูˆ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุญุท ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ goals ุงูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
208
00:13:39,490 --> 00:13:43,290
student ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงุนุทุงู†ูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฌุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ู…ู…ูƒู†
209
00:13:43,290 --> 00:13:48,160
ูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ taskof making friends ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ูŠุนู†ูŠ
210
00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:52,440
ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู†ุง ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุงุณุชุบุฑุจุช ุจุนุถ
211
00:13:52,440 --> 00:13:56,020
ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุจุณุฃู„ู‡ ูˆ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ุณู…ุญุช ู„ูŠุด ุฌูŠุช ุชุฏุฑุณ ููŠ
212
00:13:56,020 --> 00:13:59,700
ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉุŸ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูุงุฌุฃุช ู…ู† ุฑุฏู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡
213
00:13:59,700 --> 00:14:03,240
ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุญู„ูˆุฉ ูˆ ุจุฌูˆุจ ู…ุจุงู†ูŠู‡ุง ุนุฌุจุงู† ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจุดูˆูู‡ุง ูƒู†ุช
214
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ูุฒูŠูˆู† ูˆ ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ูุถุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู†ุจุณุท ูˆ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
215
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ุจุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงูƒูˆู† ุงุตุญุงุจ ุญู„ูˆูŠู† ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ู… ุงู†ุง
216
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ุงุณุชุบุฑุจุชู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ุฃุฌุงู†ุจ ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒุชุจูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู†ู‡
217
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฏูู‡ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุตุฏู‚ุงุช ูˆ .. ูˆ
218
00:14:19,070 --> 00:14:22,790
ูƒูุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ู…ุทุนู… ูˆ .. ูˆ ุฃุทุด ูˆ ุฃุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ูˆ ุฃู‚ุนุฏ ุชุญุช
219
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ุงู„ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู† .. ุงูˆ ุฒูŠ ู†ูุณ
220
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ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ extended neglects ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู† neglects ู‡ู† ูŠู‡ู…ู„
221
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alternatives ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆู„ alternatives ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆู„ life
222
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tasks ู…ู‡ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉsuch as ู…ุซู„ making good grades
223
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ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ูุณูŠ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ูŠุตู†ุน ู„ู†ูุณูŠ ุฅูŠุด
224
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ุงู„ุนูู„ูŽู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุฑ
225
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ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูˆุฏู‡ ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุจูŠุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
226
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ุตู†ุงุนุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุฏู‚ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ูƒูุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ููŠ
227
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ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‡ู…ู„ูˆุง ุงูŠู‡
228
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ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ
229
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ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู† ุงู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุงุชู…ูŠุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก
230
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ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง ูŠุชู…ูŠุฒูˆุง ูˆ
231
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ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ุตุฏู‚ุงุช ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
232
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strategies ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุชู†ุง ููŠ
233
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ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ูˆ ุทุฑู‚ู†ุง ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุงุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช ููŠ
234
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ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ schemas and tasks schemas
235
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ุฃู†ู…ุงุทู†ุง ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆ task ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ goals ุงู„ู„ูŠ
236
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ุงุญู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ combination of
237
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thoughts and actions ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุฎู„ูŠุท ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
238
00:15:37,770 --> 00:15:41,870
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ุงูŠุด
239
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ู‡ูŠ anticipation planningุŸู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ anticipation
240
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planning ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง
241
00:15:49,210 --> 00:15:52,870
ุจู†ุถุน ู„ุญุงู„ู†ุง ุฎุทุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุนุฏู‡ุง self
242
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monitoring ุดูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ self monitoringุŸ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ู†ูุณ
243
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and effort ูˆุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุญุท ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุฎุทุฉ ูˆ
244
00:16:01,530 --> 00:16:04,850
ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ู†ูุณู‡ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุนุงุฑู
245
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ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุฎู„ูˆุง ูƒู„ ุฌู‡ุฏู‡ ูŠุชุฌู‡ ูˆูŠู† ู„ู„ู†ุฌุงุญ
246
00:16:09,130 --> 00:16:12,610
ุงุญู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ู†ุชุฎุฑุจุทุด ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุน ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡
247
00:16:12,610 --> 00:16:17,090
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ููŠ
248
00:16:17,090 --> 00:16:21,390
ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฅูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุฏุฎู„ ููŠู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ
249
00:16:21,390 --> 00:16:25,190
ู†ุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ ูˆุฅูŠุด ู„ุฃ ุงู„ schema ุตุนุจุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู†ุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง
250
00:16:25,190 --> 00:16:28,950
ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู…ุท ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุญุงุทู‡ ููŠู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง
251
00:16:28,950 --> 00:16:32,210
ุญุฏ ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ู†ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู„ู„ุฃุญุณู† ูˆ ู„ู„ุฃูุถู„
252
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ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑู†ุงุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠุด ุฃู‡ุฏุงูู†ุง ููŠ
253
00:16:35,690 --> 00:16:38,950
ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุทุจ ู„ุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญู‚ู‚
254
00:16:39,420 --> 00:16:43,320
ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ูˆ ุฃุตู„ ู„ู„ุงุณูƒูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ..
255
00:16:43,320 --> 00:16:45,960
critique .. ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูŠู‡ critique .. ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
256
00:16:45,960 --> 00:16:51,140
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ .. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ social cognitive theory ..
257
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ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ .. ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ู‚ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
258
00:16:55,440 --> 00:16:58,060
ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ .. ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ..
259
00:16:58,060 --> 00:17:01,480
ููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ .. ููŠู‡ุง ุนูŠุจ .. ุงู„ุนูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ neglect
260
00:17:01,480 --> 00:17:07,610
emotion .. ุดูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‡ู…ู„ุช ุงู„ุนูˆุงุทููŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡
261
00:17:07,610 --> 00:17:12,670
ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ schema ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
262
00:17:12,670 --> 00:17:17,170
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุฌูˆู„ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุงู„ุช strategy ู…ุงุฌุงู„ุชุด
263
00:17:17,170 --> 00:17:21,790
emotion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฌุจุชุด ุณูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ love ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุจ ูˆ ุงู„
264
00:17:21,790 --> 00:17:26,310
hate ูˆ ุงู„ corona ูˆ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู… ุญุฒู† ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุงุฌุจุชุดุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡
265
00:17:26,310 --> 00:17:29,810
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ focus on ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ู†ุง responses to specific
266
00:17:29,810 --> 00:17:34,690
social situations ู‡ูŠ ุฑูƒุฒุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุตููŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
267
00:17:34,690 --> 00:17:38,110
ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ุง specific ู…ุญุฏุฏ social situations ูŠุนู†ูŠ
268
00:17:38,110 --> 00:17:41,090
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
269
00:17:41,090 --> 00:17:44,210
ู…ุงุงุชูƒู„ู…ุชุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูƒุฏู†ูŠุง ุญูƒุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ููŠ
270
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ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุตุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง
271
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ู…ุงุญูƒุชุด ุนู„ู‰ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ูˆุฅูŠุด ุฅุญู†ุง ุทุฑุญู†ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง
272
00:17:52,510 --> 00:17:56,790
ูˆุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุทู…ุญ ุฅู„ู‡ู… sometimes ู‡ูŠู†ุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุจุนุถ
273
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ behavior ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ determines the schema
274
00:18:01,150 --> 00:18:07,870
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุชุฅู† ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุชุจุนู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ schema
275
00:18:07,870 --> 00:18:13,110
ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุณู„ูˆูƒูŠุงุชู‡ู… ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
276
00:18:13,110 --> 00:18:18,410
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู…ุทู‡ ุฎุฌูˆู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู…ุทู‡ ุนุตุจูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู…ุทู‡ ุจุฏุฃุฌุŒ
277
00:18:18,410 --> 00:18:22,450
ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู…ุทู‡ ู…ุชูˆุชุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ schema
278
00:18:22,450 --> 00:18:28,870
ูƒู„ู‡ุง 100% ุจุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุฃูŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
279
00:18:28,870 --> 00:18:34,190
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠุฉStages of
280
00:18:34,190 --> 00:18:38,530
cognitive development ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง
281
00:18:38,530 --> 00:18:43,370
ุงุดู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจูŠุงุฌูŠุชุณ ุงู„ูˆูุธู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจูŠุงุฌูŠุชุณ
282
00:18:43,370 --> 00:18:48,510
ุจูŠุงุฌูŠุชุณ ุดูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
283
00:18:48,510 --> 00:18:55,590
ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ุณู…ุช ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุงุฑุจุน ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุจุณ ุนูŠุจ
284
00:18:55,590 --> 00:18:59,050
ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุงุถู„ุชุด ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุงุถู„ุชุด ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ
285
00:18:59,050 --> 00:19:04,160
ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุณู†ุชูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุชู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉุŒ
286
00:19:04,160 --> 00:19:07,480
ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู‚ุฏุงุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉุŒ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ู„ุงู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงูŠุด ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
287
00:19:07,480 --> 00:19:12,120
ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู‚ู„ ุงูˆ ูŠุฒูˆู‰ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
288
00:19:12,120 --> 00:19:15,880
ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ
289
00:19:15,880 --> 00:19:22,000
ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงูƒู…ู„ุชุด ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆ
290
00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:26,420
ู‡ุฐุง ุถุนู ูŠุนุชุจุฑุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ู‚ุตุฏูƒุงู„ุงู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‚ุณู…
291
00:19:26,420 --> 00:19:29,700
ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุญุฏ ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
292
00:19:29,700 --> 00:19:32,880
ูƒุงู† ู„ุฃ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุญูุธู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุฑู
293
00:19:32,880 --> 00:19:37,060
ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ูˆุฏ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุณู…ุงู‡ุง sensory motor ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
294
00:19:37,060 --> 00:19:41,140
sensory motorุŸ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉ sensor
295
00:19:41,140 --> 00:19:45,680
jamming sensation motor ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
296
00:19:45,680 --> 00:19:49,140
.. ุฅูŠุด .. ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠูŠู†ุง ูˆู„ุฏ
297
00:19:49,140 --> 00:19:52,740
ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† birth
298
00:19:52,740 --> 00:19:56,960
to two yearsุจู‚ูˆู„ the child develops ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„
299
00:19:56,960 --> 00:20:02,540
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุทูˆุฑ sense of self ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช separate
300
00:20:02,540 --> 00:20:08,680
ูŠูุตู„ from the environment ุจูŠูุตู„ ู†ูุณู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ and
301
00:20:08,680 --> 00:20:12,060
the concept ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ู…ูู‡ูˆู… intentionally ุงูŠุด ุงู„
302
00:20:12,060 --> 00:20:16,040
intentional ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ู„ุฐุงุชู‡ ู‚ุตุฏูŠ
303
00:20:16,040 --> 00:20:19,980
intentionally ุจุดูƒู„ ู‚ุตุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู‚ูˆู„ .. ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒุงู† ุงูŠุด
304
00:20:19,980 --> 00:20:25,920
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ู‚ุตุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุตุฏ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ูƒุงู†ุฉุฒูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ
305
00:20:25,920 --> 00:20:29,540
ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†ุง ุฒูŠ ุญูƒุงูŠุชูŠ shaking rattleุŒ rattle
306
00:20:29,540 --> 00:20:33,020
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฑุฎูŠุดุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
307
00:20:33,020 --> 00:20:36,720
ุจุชุฌู‡ ูˆ ู‚ุนุฏุช ุงู„ุฃู… ู„ู…ุง ุชุณูŠุฑ ุชู‡ุฒุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุณูƒุช ุงูŠู‡
308
00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:40,840
ุงู„ุทูู„ุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู‡ุชุฒุงุฒ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ุŒ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุฏุงุฎู„
309
00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:44,780
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒู„ู‡ุŸ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ
310
00:20:44,780 --> 00:20:49,680
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฃู†
311
00:20:49,680 --> 00:20:53,680
ูŠูู‡ู… ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุญุณ ูˆุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ูˆุด
312
00:20:53,680 --> 00:20:59,520
ุนู‚ู„ ู…ุทูˆุฑ ูˆู…ู†ุทู‚ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุทูู„ ู…ุซู„ุง
313
00:20:59,520 --> 00:21:04,540
ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุณู†ุฉ ุจุตุฑุงุนูŠู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุฒุนู„ ู…ู†ูƒ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูู‡ู…ูƒ ุฃูˆ
314
00:21:04,540 --> 00:21:07,920
ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฎู„ุงุต ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุณูƒุชุด ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฏุฑุจูƒ ู…ุงุจูŠูู‡ู…ุด
315
00:21:07,920 --> 00:21:13,760
ูƒู„ ู†ุธุฑุชู‡ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุดูƒู„ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู„ุณู‡ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ุง
316
00:21:13,760 --> 00:21:17,640
ูˆุฅู„ู‡ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุณ ุจุงู„ุญุณ ูˆุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฌุงุก ุจุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏู‰ุŸ
317
00:21:17,890 --> 00:21:22,030
ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‡ุฒู„ู‡ ุงู„ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุดุฎุงุดุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู
318
00:21:22,030 --> 00:21:26,270
ุงูŠุด ู†ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‡ุฒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุณูƒุช ูู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจูŠุชุจุน ุงู„ุญุณ ูˆ
319
00:21:26,270 --> 00:21:31,710
ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ู„ุนูŠู† ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุณู†ุชูŠู† ู„ุณุช
320
00:21:31,710 --> 00:21:35,490
ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง pre school ู„ูŠุด
321
00:21:35,490 --> 00:21:39,210
pre school ุนู„ู‰ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุงู† ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช
322
00:21:39,210 --> 00:21:43,500
ุทูŠุจ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡pre operationalุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูƒู„ุงู…ุช
323
00:21:43,500 --> 00:21:46,880
operationalุŸ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ
324
00:21:46,880 --> 00:21:51,100
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ุŸ ู…ุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุชูุณูŠุฑู‡ุง ุนู‚ูŠู… ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุบู„ุจุŒ
325
00:21:51,100 --> 00:21:55,500
ู„ุฃ ู†ุญูุธู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠุŒ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
326
00:21:55,500 --> 00:22:00,240
ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
327
00:22:00,240 --> 00:22:03,700
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ develop ุฅูŠุด ุทูู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุŸ ability to
328
00:22:03,700 --> 00:22:07,620
express selfุŒ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ what languageุŒ
329
00:22:07,620 --> 00:22:12,060
ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฎุจุท ูŠู…ุฏ
330
00:22:12,060 --> 00:22:16,240
ูŠุฏู‡ ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃ ุตุงุฑ ุดุงุทุฑ ุตุงุฑ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง
331
00:22:16,240 --> 00:22:18,980
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ุง ุงุณู…ูŠ ูƒุฐุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
332
00:22:18,980 --> 00:22:22,440
ุดุงุทุฑูŠู† ุจูŠุญู„ูˆุง ุญุงู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุฎู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
333
00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:26,680
ุชู‚ุจู„ ุชู„ุงุนุจู‡ู… ูˆ ุงุชุฏุงุนุจู‡ู… ูˆ ุงู†ุดุทุฑุชู‡ู… ุจุนุฏ ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง
334
00:22:26,680 --> 00:22:31,460
represents objects by images and where ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
335
00:22:31,460 --> 00:22:36,740
ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง represents ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
336
00:22:36,740 --> 00:22:41,260
ุฃู…ุงู…ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ ูˆ ู„ู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„
337
00:22:41,260 --> 00:22:45,500
images ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ูˆ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง words ูŠุนู†ูŠ words ุนู†
338
00:22:45,500 --> 00:22:48,860
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู„ูŠุด ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ words ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
339
00:22:48,860 --> 00:22:53,920
ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุดุงุทุฑ ุจูŠุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุดุงู ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุจู‚ูˆู„
340
00:22:53,920 --> 00:22:57,840
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูƒุฐุงุŒ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ููŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฎุงุตุฉ
341
00:22:57,840 --> 00:23:02,440
ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ KG1 ูˆ ุงู„ KG2 ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
342
00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:06,080
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุชุŒ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„
343
00:23:06,080 --> 00:23:10,340
ู…ุน ุทูู„ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุจุฏุง ู…ู…ู†ูˆุนุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุนุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ beginsุŒ
344
00:23:10,340 --> 00:23:13,800
ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸ classify objects by using ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
345
00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:17,900
dimensionุงุดู…ุน ุงู„ dimension ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุชู‚ุณูŠู… single
346
00:23:17,900 --> 00:23:22,580
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑุฏูŠ ุงุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ .. ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
347
00:23:22,580 --> 00:23:27,680
ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู† ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ู‚ุณู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู ู‚ุณู…
348
00:23:27,680 --> 00:23:33,340
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู„ู‡ ุทูุงุญ ูˆ ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุฎูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ุด
349
00:23:33,340 --> 00:23:39,620
ู‡ูŠุฌูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุถุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูุงูƒู‡ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุจู‚ู„ูŠุงุช ู…ุด
350
00:23:39,620 --> 00:23:44,440
.. ุจูู‡ู…ุด ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฒุฑูˆุนุงุช
351
00:23:44,970 --> 00:23:49,610
ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ูุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
352
00:23:49,610 --> 00:23:53,890
multiple dimensions ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ
353
00:23:53,890 --> 00:23:58,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง concrete ุงูŠุด
354
00:23:58,710 --> 00:24:02,310
ูŠุนู†ูŠ concrete operations ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
355
00:24:02,310 --> 00:24:06,570
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ concrete ุตู„ุจุฉ
356
00:24:06,570 --> 00:24:09,390
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ concrete ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู…ูˆุณ ู‡ู†ุฌูŠ
357
00:24:09,390 --> 00:24:13,170
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ุตู„ุจ ุงูˆ ูƒุฐุง ู„ูŠุด ุทุจ ุงู†ุช ู‚ู„ุช ุงู†ู‡ุง
358
00:24:13,170 --> 00:24:18,260
concreteูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠู‡ุง .. ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุดุบู„ุงุช
359
00:24:18,260 --> 00:24:22,800
ุฌุงู…ุฏุฉ ูˆุดุบู„ุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุฅุฌุฑุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ุง ุชุตู„ุจ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
360
00:24:22,800 --> 00:24:26,980
ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
361
00:24:26,980 --> 00:24:30,920
ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุจู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงุณู… schoolish ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ู„ุณุงุฏุณุŒ
362
00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:35,120
ู…ู† 16 ุณู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ุณุงุฏุณุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ beginุŒ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
363
00:24:35,120 --> 00:24:39,040
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ logicุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ logicุŸ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุŒ thinkingุŒ
364
00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:44,040
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุŒ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุฏุฎู„ูˆุด
365
00:24:44,040 --> 00:24:47,880
ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุณุงู…ูˆู‡ุง concrete ุทูŠุจุŒ understandsุŒ
366
00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:52,020
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠูู‡ู… specialtyุŒ ุฅูŠุด specialtyุŸ ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตุŒ
367
00:24:52,020 --> 00:24:55,980
reversibility ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ุงุŸreversibility
368
00:24:55,980 --> 00:24:59,840
ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุตูุฑ 4 ุฃูˆ 5
369
00:24:59,840 --> 00:25:02,920
ุฃูˆ 6 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนุฑู ุฅู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
370
00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:06,160
ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู…ู‚ู„ูˆุจูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนุฑู ุฅู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุถุงุฑุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
371
00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:09,000
ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุถุงุฑุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ specialty ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนุฑู
372
00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:12,220
ุงู„ุชุฎุตุต ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนุฑู ุจูƒุฑุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆ
373
00:25:12,220 --> 00:25:16,520
ุฅูŠุด ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุจุฏุฃ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจุชุนุงู…ู„
374
00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:22,000
ุจุฌู…ูˆุฏ ู„ุณู‡ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ุด ุจู…ู†ุทู‚ ูˆุงุณุน begins ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†
375
00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:26,120
classifyุจุจุฏุฃ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ ุงุดู‡ุงู†ุฉ several
376
00:25:26,120 --> 00:25:30,080
dimensions ุงุดู‡ุงู† several ุตุงุฑ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฅู„ู‰
377
00:25:30,080 --> 00:25:33,900
ุงูŠุด ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ู…ุฎุตุตุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุดุงุทุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
378
00:25:33,900 --> 00:25:40,000
ูุงูƒู‡ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุถุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุทูŠูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุณู…ุงูƒ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
379
00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:43,280
ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠ ูƒุชุจ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
380
00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:46,260
ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏูˆ ูŠุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ
381
00:25:46,260 --> 00:25:50,780
ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูˆ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฌุงู„ู‡ุง .. ุณู…ุงู‡ุง
382
00:25:51,230 --> 00:25:54,490
formal operations ุงูŠุด ู‡ุงู† formal ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงุณู…
383
00:25:54,490 --> 00:25:57,910
ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ ุณู…ุงู‡ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ
384
00:25:57,910 --> 00:26:03,530
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุงู† ู…ู† 12 ุณู†ุฉ ู„
385
00:26:03,530 --> 00:26:07,730
15 ุงูˆ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุงูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุงูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 15 ุณู†ุฉ
386
00:26:08,160 --> 00:26:11,300
ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงู…ุฏู‡ุงุด ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฃู†ู‡
387
00:26:11,300 --> 00:26:15,340
ุฎู„ุต ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุฎู„ุต ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุนุฏุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชุนู„ู…
388
00:26:15,340 --> 00:26:18,780
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆู…ุงููŠุด ุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุตุงุฑ
389
00:26:18,780 --> 00:26:22,240
.. ุตุงุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ developุŒ ู‡ู†ุง restartุŒ beginุŒ ู‡ู†ุง
390
00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:24,380
developุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ logical
391
00:26:24,380 --> 00:26:27,380
thinkingุŒ reasoningุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃุณุจุงุจุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุญุท
392
00:26:27,380 --> 00:26:31,440
ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุญุท ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู„ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกand achieves
393
00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:34,400
cognitive maturity .. maturity ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู†ุถุฌ
394
00:26:34,400 --> 00:26:37,040
.. cognitive .. ู…ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ .. achieve ..
395
00:26:37,040 --> 00:26:40,640
ุจูŠุญู‚ู‚ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ู†ุถุฌ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
396
00:26:40,640 --> 00:26:44,080
.. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฅูู„ุงู† ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุฎู„ุต ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏูŠุฉ .. ุฎู„ุงุต
397
00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:48,080
.. ุตุงุฑ ูู‡ู…ุงู† .. ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุงุทุน ุญูˆูŠุฉ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุจูŠุฑุชูƒู†
398
00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:52,300
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ .. concerned with a future
399
00:26:52,300 --> 00:26:55,740
.. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠู‡ุชู… ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ .. and ideological
400
00:26:55,740 --> 00:27:00,470
problems ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ..ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุนู‚ุฏูŠุฉุŒ
401
00:27:00,470 --> 00:27:04,610
ุฏูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุญุฒุจูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒู†ุงู‚ุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠูู‡ู…
402
00:27:04,610 --> 00:27:07,570
ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุนุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุด ููŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠูู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุฃุญุฒุงุจ
403
00:27:07,570 --> 00:27:09,750
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด
404
00:27:09,750 --> 00:27:13,370
ู…ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุณูŠุฑุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ู†ุง ุจุฌุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุทูู„ุŒ
405
00:27:13,370 --> 00:27:16,170
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชู‚ุชุฑ ูˆ ู…ุด ูุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
406
00:27:16,170 --> 00:27:18,130
ูŠุฏุฎู„ .. ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุจุจ
407
00:27:18,130 --> 00:27:21,190
ุฃูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุณุจุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุจุจ ุฃูƒูˆู† ุชุฑุจูˆูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุจุจ ุฃูƒูˆู† ูˆ
408
00:27:21,190 --> 00:27:24,550
ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ุจูŠุง ุฌูŠู‡ุฒ ุชูŠูˆุฑูŠุŒ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„
409
00:27:27,420 --> 00:27:30,700
that individuals reach cognitive maturity by
410
00:27:30,700 --> 00:27:33,960
middle to late adolescence ูƒู„ู…ุฉ adolescence ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุช
411
00:27:33,960 --> 00:27:38,740
ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู‚ุฉ middle ูˆุณุท late ูุงุฎุฑุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡
412
00:27:38,740 --> 00:27:42,840
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุจูŠุงุฌูŠุงู† ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชู‚ุชุฑุญ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠุตู„
413
00:27:42,840 --> 00:27:46,960
ู„ู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู†ุฌ
414
00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:51,280
ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ู…ุชู‰ ุจูŠุตู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู„ู„ู†ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ
415
00:27:51,280 --> 00:27:56,840
ุฃูˆุงุณุทู‡ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู‚ุฉ ุงูˆ ููŠ ุฃูˆุงุฎุฑู‡ุงุทุจุนุง ุฃูˆุงุณุท
416
00:27:56,840 --> 00:27:59,840
ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุณุฃู„ู†ุง ู…ุชู‰ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุชู„ุชุงุด
417
00:27:59,840 --> 00:28:03,760
ู„ุชุณุนุชุงุด ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ุฏูˆู‡ุง ู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ุงูŠู‡
418
00:28:03,760 --> 00:28:07,080
ุจุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ .. ุจุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู„ุฎู…ุณุชุงุด .. ุณุชุงุด .. ุณุจุนุชุงุด .. ุจุณ
419
00:28:07,080 --> 00:28:13,040
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ of .. of PHS
420
00:28:13,040 --> 00:28:16,540
theory ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ู†ู‚ุฏ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง
421
00:28:16,540 --> 00:28:21,360
ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ูˆู†ู‚ุฏ ุณู„ุจูŠ ู†ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
422
00:28:21,360 --> 00:28:25,340
useful ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุทูŠุจุฉwhen
423
00:28:25,340 --> 00:28:28,140
working with children ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู…ูƒู†
424
00:28:28,140 --> 00:28:32,860
ุชู†ูุนู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ nurse ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ูŠูƒูˆู†
425
00:28:32,860 --> 00:28:35,380
ุนู†ุฏู‡ awareness of cognitive development ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
426
00:28:35,380 --> 00:28:40,380
cognitive developmentุŸ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„
427
00:28:40,380 --> 00:28:43,660
ุงู„ุทูู„ his or her level ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูุฑุถูˆุง ุจู…ูƒุฑุง
428
00:28:43,660 --> 00:28:47,540
ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ู†ุชุฏุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
429
00:28:47,540 --> 00:28:50,700
ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู† ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุฑุงุญู„ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
430
00:28:50,700 --> 00:28:54,820
ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุนุฑูุดุŒ ุจู†ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ู†
431
00:28:54,820 --> 00:28:58,260
ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุนู…ุฑ 12 ุณู†ุฉุŒ 12 ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠุธู„ ููŠ
432
00:28:58,260 --> 00:29:02,480
ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ุจู†ูˆุฏูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
433
00:29:02,480 --> 00:29:05,700
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุงุณู‡ ุจูˆุฌุนู‡ุŒ ูƒุฏุด ุนู…ุฑู‡ 10 ุณู†ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ 11 ุณู†ุฉ
434
00:29:05,700 --> 00:29:09,900
ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ 11 ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ 11 ุดู‡ุฑ ูˆ 29 ูŠูˆู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ู„ูƒู†
435
00:29:09,900 --> 00:29:13,790
ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒุจุฑูˆุง ู‡ูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ู…ุง
436
00:29:13,790 --> 00:29:17,070
ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ู… ุฃุนุฑู ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุน ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุนู…ุฑู‡
437
00:29:17,070 --> 00:29:20,270
ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุณุช ุณู†ูŠู† ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠ ุณู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
438
00:29:20,270 --> 00:29:23,210
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุงู† ุชุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุทุจุนูŠุด
439
00:29:23,210 --> 00:29:26,350
ุงู„ negative ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ cognitive development
440
00:29:26,350 --> 00:29:30,830
ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ more individualized
441
00:29:30,830 --> 00:29:34,770
ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ individualizedุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูุฑุฏูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
442
00:29:34,770 --> 00:29:39,270
ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู†ุช ุงู„ theory ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุชุฑุญ ูƒูŠู
443
00:29:39,270 --> 00:29:44,080
ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู„ุด ุฃู†ุช ู‚ุนุฏุชู†ุง ุฃุนู…ุงุฑ ูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ู†ุง ุฎู„ุงุต ู‡ูŠ
444
00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:47,880
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
445
00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:52,680
ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฅูŠู‡ ุฅุดูŠ ุดุฎุตูŠ ูˆ
446
00:29:52,680 --> 00:29:55,780
ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุนู…ุฑู‡ู… 15 ุณู†ุฉ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡
447
00:29:55,780 --> 00:30:00,160
ุจุชููƒุฑ ูˆ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ 18 ุณู†ุฉ ููƒุฑูŠุง ูˆ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ
448
00:30:00,160 --> 00:30:03,140
ุนู…ุฑู‡ 10 ุณู†ูŠู† ุจุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุง ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู…ุฑู‡
449
00:30:03,140 --> 00:30:07,540
16 ุฃูˆ 17 ุณู†ุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงุชุฌูŠุด ุชุญูƒู… ุน ูƒู„
450
00:30:07,540 --> 00:30:11,560
ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุฃุญูƒุงู… ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุญุฏุฏุชู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„
451
00:30:11,560 --> 00:30:16,080
ูˆุงุญุฏ .. ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุญูŠุญ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ููŠ
452
00:30:16,080 --> 00:30:19,640
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ range ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ุง ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„
453
00:30:19,640 --> 00:30:23,540
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชูˆู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ
454
00:30:23,540 --> 00:30:27,380
ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ chapter ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
455
00:30:27,380 --> 00:30:29,960
ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡