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PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/-YfFRWPnfOo_postprocess.srt

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+00:00:15,020 --> 00:00:19,740
+Good morning, everybody. How are you? Had a nice
+
+2
+00:00:19,740 --> 00:00:26,320
+time over the long week end, yes? Good. Today,
+
+3
+00:00:26,860 --> 00:00:33,530
+we're going to see Raleigh's poem, but from a
+
+4
+00:00:33,530 --> 00:00:38,310
+different perspective. We're going to see it as a
+
+5
+00:00:38,310 --> 00:00:38,610
+parody.
+
+6
+00:00:41,750 --> 00:00:43,250
+Like in this poem,
+
+7
+00:00:46,190 --> 00:00:50,690
+I mean, Raleigh parodies Marlow.
+
+8
+00:00:52,290 --> 00:00:56,530
+I mean, when I say parody, have you ever thought
+
+9
+00:00:56,530 --> 00:00:57,190
+what is a parody?
+
+10
+00:00:59,940 --> 00:01:03,840
+So in this lecture, we'll talk about what is
+
+11
+00:01:03,840 --> 00:01:10,000
+parody, and then we're going to see how Raleigh
+
+12
+00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:18,040
+parodies or parodies like Marlowe in this reply.
+
+13
+00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:22,860
+But let me ask you, what is a parody? Yes, please.
+
+14
+00:01:29,970 --> 00:01:30,650
+Yes.
+
+15
+00:01:33,430 --> 00:01:38,210
+So yes, the main purpose of the parody is like to
+
+16
+00:01:38,210 --> 00:01:44,370
+make fun, is to ridicule or to mock. So one is
+
+17
+00:01:44,370 --> 00:01:50,690
+writing, let's say, a novel or
+
+18
+00:01:50,690 --> 00:01:55,070
+a story in response to another novel or a story or
+
+19
+00:01:55,070 --> 00:02:00,450
+a poem. And the main purpose of this is to
+
+20
+00:02:00,450 --> 00:02:05,530
+satirize, to parody, to parody, you know, the
+
+21
+00:02:05,530 --> 00:02:13,550
+original one. Now, is this what is happening in
+
+22
+00:02:13,550 --> 00:02:19,330
+like Marlow's or Raleigh's reply? Is he mocking
+
+23
+00:02:19,330 --> 00:02:25,060
+him? Is he, you know, making fun of him? This is
+
+24
+00:02:25,060 --> 00:02:27,660
+what we are going to see. But the question is,
+
+25
+00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:33,460
+like, how he is making fun of him, you know? How?
+
+26
+00:02:34,060 --> 00:02:39,760
+Like, he should be making fun of him on a
+
+27
+00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:44,360
+thematic, you know, level, on a linguistic level,
+
+28
+00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:49,000
+on a form level. So this is what we are going to
+
+29
+00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:54,970
+see today. Like if we remember Marlow's
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+30
+00:02:54,970 --> 00:03:01,010
+poem is about what? Marlow's poem is about the
+
+31
+00:03:01,010 --> 00:03:06,210
+simplicity of the pastoral life. It is about the
+
+32
+00:03:06,210 --> 00:03:10,970
+immortality of the pastoral life. It is a
+
+33
+00:03:10,970 --> 00:03:14,550
+suggestion. It is an invitation, like, for the
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+34
+00:03:14,550 --> 00:03:18,870
+lady, you know, for Marlon's lady to go and live
+
+35
+00:03:18,870 --> 00:03:24,710
+with him in that beautiful life. Now, we want to
+
+36
+00:03:24,710 --> 00:03:31,470
+see, like, how he is parodizing, you know, the
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+whole poem. And, like, I want, before I start, I
+
+38
+00:03:36,930 --> 00:03:41,360
+want you to be aware You know, when we say parody
+
+39
+00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:47,040
+of the word, of certain verbs, like verbs like, I
+
+40
+00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:49,880
+might write for them, like, because they will help
+
+41
+00:03:49,880 --> 00:03:51,440
+you in your,
+
+42
+00:03:56,200 --> 00:03:57,580
+in speaking about the parody.
+
+43
+00:04:03,180 --> 00:04:07,640
+Do you know what this mean, mock? To mock? Okay.
+
+44
+00:04:13,070 --> 00:04:14,090
+What is this?
+
+45
+00:04:30,010 --> 00:04:33,730
+Could you like bring like the page size, the size
+
+46
+00:04:33,730 --> 00:04:39,950
+of the page? Okay. Can anybody like come and fix
+
+47
+00:04:39,950 --> 00:04:44,860
+this? So we might need to use words like, or
+
+48
+00:04:44,860 --> 00:04:47,380
+verbs, like mock,
+
+49
+00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:50,560
+mock,
+
+50
+00:04:54,140 --> 00:04:55,140
+satirizes,
+
+51
+00:05:00,580 --> 00:05:01,180
+refutes,
+
+52
+00:05:03,700 --> 00:05:05,820
+you know refutes, debunks,
+
+53
+00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:10,360
+invalidates,
+
+54
+00:05:16,690 --> 00:05:20,630
+What do I do? Yeah, just like I want a small, I
+
+55
+00:05:20,630 --> 00:05:26,430
+mean a large font, a large font. So when we are
+
+56
+00:05:26,430 --> 00:05:32,310
+discussing how this is a parody, we might need to
+
+57
+00:05:32,310 --> 00:05:37,690
+use these verbs. How he makes fun of him. How he,
+
+58
+00:05:37,870 --> 00:05:42,290
+you know, disdains his idea. You might need the
+
+59
+00:05:42,290 --> 00:05:43,050
+word disdain.
+
+60
+00:05:46,750 --> 00:05:54,210
+So all these are necessary to use when you are
+
+61
+00:05:54,210 --> 00:06:10,050
+explaining the parody. Now, you mentioned parody.
+
+62
+00:06:11,550 --> 00:06:16,020
+It's an imitation. What is he imitating? If we
+
+63
+00:06:16,020 --> 00:06:20,500
+look at Marlow's poem, you remember how it went?
+
+64
+00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:26,000
+Come live with me and be my love. And here you see
+
+65
+00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:30,500
+if all the word and love were young and truth in
+
+66
+00:06:30,500 --> 00:06:36,040
+every shepherd's tongue. So what do you notice? Do
+
+67
+00:06:36,040 --> 00:06:41,100
+you notice like the same rhyme and the same
+
+68
+00:06:41,100 --> 00:06:44,440
+rhythm? What is like the rhythm? Do you remember
+
+69
+00:06:44,440 --> 00:06:50,100
+the rhythm of Marlow's poem? Iambic pentameter. So
+
+70
+00:06:50,100 --> 00:06:57,020
+again, if all the word and love were young, and
+
+71
+00:06:57,020 --> 00:07:01,400
+truth in every shepherd's tongue. So if you scan
+
+72
+00:07:01,400 --> 00:07:11,020
+this and you say, if we
+
+73
+00:07:11,020 --> 00:07:15,820
+take this line, and make it scansion if the word
+
+74
+00:07:15,820 --> 00:07:19,540
+and
+
+75
+00:07:19,540 --> 00:07:23,720
+love were
+
+76
+00:07:23,720 --> 00:07:25,280
+enough.
+
+77
+00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:33,280
+Now I think if the word is stress, which is
+
+78
+00:07:33,280 --> 00:07:34,880
+stress? What is stress?
+
+79
+00:07:38,240 --> 00:07:44,140
+if they were and
+
+80
+00:07:44,140 --> 00:07:48,680
+love were
+
+81
+00:07:48,680 --> 00:07:53,720
+enough so again we are having if they were and
+
+82
+00:07:53,720 --> 00:08:01,780
+love were enough like we have how many meters do
+
+83
+00:08:01,780 --> 00:08:07,090
+we have? I mean, how many feet do we have? If the
+
+84
+00:08:07,090 --> 00:08:14,510
+word, word, one. And love? Two. Where? Enough. You
+
+85
+00:08:14,510 --> 00:08:19,590
+know? Three and four, because enough. Four. Four.
+
+86
+00:08:20,030 --> 00:08:23,550
+And you know, each syllable has two. So it is the
+
+87
+00:08:23,550 --> 00:08:29,210
+same rhythm. And the same, if you look, it is the
+
+88
+00:08:29,210 --> 00:08:31,830
+same rhyme.
+
+89
+00:08:35,150 --> 00:08:40,550
+B, A, A, B, B. So if you go to the original poem.
+
+90
+00:08:42,490 --> 00:08:45,330
+Yes. And he's using almost the same number of
+
+91
+00:08:45,330 --> 00:08:49,610
+stanzas, except in the reply you have one missing
+
+92
+00:08:49,610 --> 00:08:55,930
+stanza, which is about the food one. Now, we have
+
+93
+00:08:55,930 --> 00:08:59,270
+to see how he's making fun of him. How he's making
+
+94
+00:08:59,270 --> 00:09:05,340
+fun of him. How is he ridiculing him? Is he making
+
+95
+00:09:05,340 --> 00:09:09,460
+fun of him? Yes. How? How is he criticizing him?
+
+96
+00:09:09,680 --> 00:09:13,540
+How is he satirizing him? How he is refuting? Now,
+
+97
+00:09:13,560 --> 00:09:16,220
+when I say this is a parody, I don't want you to
+
+98
+00:09:16,220 --> 00:09:19,340
+compare or contrast, because this is a common
+
+99
+00:09:19,340 --> 00:09:22,460
+mistake. Usually in the exam, last year, I asked,
+
+100
+00:09:22,780 --> 00:09:25,820
+to what extent is this poem a parody? And most of
+
+101
+00:09:25,820 --> 00:09:30,260
+the students kept comparing and contrasting
+
+102
+00:09:30,260 --> 00:09:32,600
+between the two poems, and they missed the point
+
+103
+00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:36,510
+of the question. So when I say a parody, I want
+
+104
+00:09:36,510 --> 00:09:41,390
+you to show me how he is making fun, how he is
+
+105
+00:09:41,390 --> 00:09:46,210
+underestimating, how he is devaluing the whole
+
+106
+00:09:46,210 --> 00:09:51,170
+poem. You see what I mean? So let's see how. Yes.
+
+107
+00:09:59,050 --> 00:10:00,450
+Yes.
+
+108
+00:10:07,450 --> 00:10:08,850
+Yes.
+
+109
+00:10:13,910 --> 00:10:24,570
+So what was seen as immortal in Marlow is becoming
+
+110
+00:10:26,350 --> 00:10:32,850
+Mortal. So in Raleigh or in Marlow, love and life
+
+111
+00:10:32,850 --> 00:10:39,630
+were immortal. But here they are mortal. How? How
+
+112
+00:10:39,630 --> 00:10:42,090
+do you say, like, how they are mortal? You know?
+
+113
+00:10:43,630 --> 00:10:47,890
+How they are mortal. Like, do you have evidence
+
+114
+00:10:47,890 --> 00:10:51,170
+from the poem that these things are mortal? Yes.
+
+115
+00:10:53,270 --> 00:11:02,160
+How they are mortal. Yes? Okay, this is what you
+
+116
+00:11:02,160 --> 00:11:05,940
+can from the outside, but from the inside of the
+
+117
+00:11:05,940 --> 00:11:10,880
+poem. Yes, how? Yes, Jahan? It's like we discussed
+
+118
+00:11:10,880 --> 00:11:15,000
+it last time, when we took the very first line and
+
+119
+00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:18,900
+he said the word if. It's actually like, it's as
+
+120
+00:11:18,900 --> 00:11:21,960
+if he's stating that the world and love are not
+
+121
+00:11:21,960 --> 00:11:26,620
+enough, and he's saying that if they were. So, do
+
+122
+00:11:26,620 --> 00:11:29,840
+you want to say the assumption, like, the
+
+123
+00:11:29,840 --> 00:11:32,640
+assumption that life and love are not enough?
+
+124
+00:11:32,880 --> 00:11:35,700
+Because this is, you know, an assumption. This is
+
+125
+00:11:35,700 --> 00:11:39,180
+an assumption. But, like, I want more concrete,
+
+126
+00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:43,980
+you know, images or evidence from the poem that
+
+127
+00:11:43,980 --> 00:11:47,840
+indicate that all these, yes please? When he says,
+
+128
+00:11:48,100 --> 00:11:49,960
+the girls, the shoes, die.
+
+129
+00:11:56,800 --> 00:12:02,760
+Yes, this is an example of ephemerality, like you
+
+130
+00:12:02,760 --> 00:12:06,020
+know what it means, transience. Ephemeral, like
+
+131
+00:12:06,020 --> 00:12:08,160
+something which doesn't last.
+
+132
+00:12:20,050 --> 00:12:21,110
+Means transient.
+
+133
+00:12:24,950 --> 00:12:30,570
+Something which doesn't last. Yes, like these, thy
+
+134
+00:12:30,570 --> 00:12:33,790
+gown, thy shoes, you know, all the golden
+
+135
+00:12:33,790 --> 00:12:38,890
+promises, you know, will be like transient, like
+
+136
+00:12:38,890 --> 00:12:44,050
+will be temporal. Okay, good. Also, he said the
+
+137
+00:12:44,050 --> 00:12:47,590
+flowers will fade. The flowers fade, okay.
+
+138
+00:12:51,130 --> 00:12:55,470
+The flowers fade like here, it's an image of
+
+139
+00:12:55,470 --> 00:13:02,550
+morality, sorry, mortality. What else? Okay, let's
+
+140
+00:13:02,550 --> 00:13:07,730
+go to the poem. Yes. Yes, please.
+
+141
+00:13:12,160 --> 00:13:16,280
+Excellent. Yes, time drives the flock from field
+
+142
+00:13:16,280 --> 00:13:20,140
+to fold. This is an image of what? Destruction,
+
+143
+00:13:20,820 --> 00:13:26,000
+devastation. It is an image of finality, end. You
+
+144
+00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:29,260
+know, there is nothing called mortal. Look here.
+
+145
+00:13:29,740 --> 00:13:34,640
+Time drives the flux from field to field. So you
+
+146
+00:13:34,640 --> 00:13:37,820
+can say, you know, like Rani in this poem
+
+147
+00:13:37,820 --> 00:13:42,680
+undercuts or undermines or invalidates, whatever.
+
+148
+00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:48,900
+You can use refutes. Like Marlow's assumption
+
+149
+00:13:48,900 --> 00:13:51,860
+about the immortality of life by saying that time
+
+150
+00:13:52,850 --> 00:13:55,830
+will put an end to each thing, to each immortal
+
+151
+00:13:55,830 --> 00:14:03,670
+thing. So yes, here, more images, more images of
+
+152
+00:14:03,670 --> 00:14:04,770
+mortality.
+
+153
+00:14:06,770 --> 00:14:10,010
+Yes, here we have to be insider, to look at
+
+154
+00:14:10,010 --> 00:14:10,410
+images.
+
+155
+00:14:22,750 --> 00:14:28,630
+What about rocks growing old? What's been rocks
+
+156
+00:14:28,630 --> 00:14:33,950
+growing old? It's an image of aging. It's an image
+
+157
+00:14:33,950 --> 00:14:39,470
+of change. It's an image of transformation. Yeah.
+
+158
+00:14:46,110 --> 00:14:49,530
+Yes. What else?
+
+159
+00:14:52,350 --> 00:14:58,990
+What about the image of rottenness? Like here.
+
+160
+00:15:00,410 --> 00:15:02,930
+Yeah. What will happen?
+
+161
+00:15:05,950 --> 00:15:07,430
+The force.
+
+162
+00:15:11,330 --> 00:15:14,630
+Yes, like thy gowns, thy shoes, thy bed of roses,
+
+163
+00:15:14,790 --> 00:15:17,930
+thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy poses, soon break,
+
+164
+00:15:18,050 --> 00:15:21,690
+soon wither, soon forgotten, infolirized,
+
+165
+00:15:22,250 --> 00:15:26,310
+unreasoned, rotten. Like everything will be
+
+166
+00:15:26,310 --> 00:15:32,510
+rotten. And rottenness is an image of decay. It's
+
+167
+00:15:32,510 --> 00:15:36,970
+an image of decay. So as you see here, he
+
+168
+00:15:36,970 --> 00:15:38,470
+undermines.
+
+169
+00:15:40,210 --> 00:15:45,910
+He mocks Marlos by showing that nothing is
+
+170
+00:15:45,910 --> 00:15:51,790
+immortal. So he mocks him by subverting his theme.
+
+171
+00:15:51,890 --> 00:15:56,330
+I like the word subvert. Subvert like twisting his
+
+172
+00:15:56,330 --> 00:15:59,330
+theme, showing the opposite. If you want to
+
+173
+00:15:59,330 --> 00:16:03,010
+subvert something, you are showing the opposite.
+
+174
+00:16:03,350 --> 00:16:03,950
+Subvert.
+
+175
+00:16:12,400 --> 00:16:24,980
+Yes, he subverts the
+
+176
+00:16:24,980 --> 00:16:28,140
+field by showing the opposite.
+
+177
+00:16:35,070 --> 00:16:38,290
+The parody here is working on one level, which is
+
+178
+00:16:38,290 --> 00:16:42,610
+thematic, you know, like he's taking the theme, he
+
+179
+00:16:42,610 --> 00:16:46,650
+satirizes, he mocks him by showing, you know, an
+
+180
+00:16:46,650 --> 00:16:53,930
+opposite theme. Also, we have other, like, it
+
+181
+00:16:53,930 --> 00:16:58,410
+could be by using lexical choices, by using other
+
+182
+00:16:58,410 --> 00:17:01,510
+linguistic choices. So what can you tell me about
+
+183
+00:17:03,060 --> 00:17:04,600
+Here, if we look at the words,
+
+184
+00:17:08,500 --> 00:17:12,720
+Marlowe, in his poem, Come Live With Me and Be My
+
+185
+00:17:12,720 --> 00:17:17,340
+Love, and We All The Pleasures Prove. So if you
+
+186
+00:17:17,340 --> 00:17:24,840
+talk about love and pleasure, if we go to Marlowe,
+
+187
+00:17:25,440 --> 00:17:29,180
+love and pleasure, beauty, what are these things?
+
+188
+00:17:31,380 --> 00:17:34,000
+You know, like in grammar, we call them what? Are
+
+189
+00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:37,980
+they, you know, concrete nouns or what? They are
+
+190
+00:17:37,980 --> 00:17:41,640
+abstract nouns. They are abstract nouns. And here,
+
+191
+00:17:41,900 --> 00:17:45,720
+like in the poem, again, he keeps to the same
+
+192
+00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:49,400
+choices. He uses them, if all the word and love
+
+193
+00:17:49,400 --> 00:17:52,660
+were young. Like, again, he stresses that these
+
+194
+00:17:52,660 --> 00:17:57,740
+things are abstract. And what is abstract is
+
+195
+00:17:58,870 --> 00:18:03,390
+remote from reality, from real things. See? And
+
+196
+00:18:03,390 --> 00:18:07,510
+even like, because this is, who's replying to
+
+197
+00:18:07,510 --> 00:18:07,810
+Marlo?
+
+198
+00:18:10,530 --> 00:18:13,450
+Who's replying to Marlo in Raleigh? Who's, who's
+
+199
+00:18:13,450 --> 00:18:16,730
+like the speaker? The lady. But what is the lady
+
+200
+00:18:16,730 --> 00:18:22,890
+called? The nymph. What is a nymph? What is a
+
+201
+00:18:22,890 --> 00:18:29,000
+nymph? Yeah, I know, a nymph, but it is a mythical
+
+202
+00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:34,180
+creature. A mythical. Originally, the word nymph,
+
+203
+00:18:34,480 --> 00:18:37,900
+you know, is from Latin, which means a mythical.
+
+204
+00:18:38,740 --> 00:18:41,980
+And what is mythical? When we are saying mythical,
+
+205
+00:18:42,180 --> 00:18:48,580
+this is a myth. What is myth? A myth is something
+
+206
+00:18:48,580 --> 00:18:54,290
+unreal. Unreal. So here, again, he is slapping
+
+207
+00:18:54,290 --> 00:18:59,390
+him. He is slapping him by showing that he's
+
+208
+00:18:59,390 --> 00:19:02,290
+talking about unreal things. Look, abstract nouns.
+
+209
+00:19:02,950 --> 00:19:05,370
+Look at the nymph, which is like imaginary
+
+210
+00:19:05,370 --> 00:19:09,850
+creatures. So by choosing words, by choosing
+
+211
+00:19:09,850 --> 00:19:13,310
+words, you know, that have to do with unreal
+
+212
+00:19:13,310 --> 00:19:19,210
+things. And this, again, is, you know, supported
+
+213
+00:19:19,210 --> 00:19:29,630
+by what? By if. If all. If all the word. You see?
+
+214
+00:19:29,810 --> 00:19:37,010
+If all the word and love by if. If, as we said
+
+215
+00:19:37,010 --> 00:19:41,060
+last time, It is hypothetical.
+
+216
+00:19:42,680 --> 00:19:48,760
+And the hypothesis has to do with his attitude. He
+
+217
+00:19:48,760 --> 00:19:55,300
+is, like if somebody says, if all the word and
+
+218
+00:19:55,300 --> 00:19:59,960
+love were enough. So this is, what does it
+
+219
+00:19:59,960 --> 00:20:08,410
+reflect? It reflects the attitude of the poet And
+
+220
+00:20:08,410 --> 00:20:11,510
+what do we call this attitude? It is an attitude
+
+221
+00:20:11,510 --> 00:20:14,090
+of cynicism.
+
+222
+00:20:17,890 --> 00:20:21,490
+He's cynical. He is skeptical.
+
+223
+00:20:24,050 --> 00:20:33,410
+So by using if, by using if and again could. If
+
+224
+00:20:33,410 --> 00:20:35,270
+you look at the end,
+
+225
+00:20:39,520 --> 00:20:43,280
+But could youth lust and love still breed? Had
+
+226
+00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:47,340
+joys? Again here, we have the conditional. So the
+
+227
+00:20:47,340 --> 00:20:51,780
+poem begins with the conditional and ends with the
+
+228
+00:20:51,780 --> 00:20:54,480
+conditional. And the conditional has to do with
+
+229
+00:20:54,480 --> 00:20:59,580
+the attitude of cynicism. So we could easily say
+
+230
+00:20:59,580 --> 00:21:06,480
+Raleigh is skeptical, doesn't believe Marlowe.
+
+231
+00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:14,620
+He thinks, that the notions of immortal love and
+
+232
+00:21:14,620 --> 00:21:22,760
+life are nonsensical. They are not true. And this
+
+233
+00:21:22,760 --> 00:21:28,620
+cynical attitude is demonstrated by the use of F
+
+234
+00:21:28,620 --> 00:21:32,780
+or the conditional use, I mean, the conditional of
+
+235
+00:21:32,780 --> 00:21:38,140
+F at the beginning and could and had at the end.
+
+236
+00:21:39,040 --> 00:21:45,700
+OK. More. Like, if we look here,
+
+237
+00:21:48,420 --> 00:21:55,280
+thy belt. Look at the pronouns. Look at the
+
+238
+00:21:55,280 --> 00:21:58,700
+repetition of these pronouns. Thy belt of straw
+
+239
+00:21:58,700 --> 00:22:04,960
+and ivy buds. Thy coral clasp and amber studs. And
+
+240
+00:22:04,960 --> 00:22:10,290
+I think, you know, Thy shoes, thy beds of roses,
+
+241
+00:22:10,710 --> 00:22:16,810
+thy cap, thy curtain, and thy poses. So here, yes,
+
+242
+00:22:17,030 --> 00:22:21,790
+these lexical
+
+243
+00:22:21,790 --> 00:22:25,230
+or these syntactic choices, you know, thy, thy,
+
+244
+00:22:25,410 --> 00:22:29,190
+with the repetition, what do they convey with
+
+245
+00:22:29,190 --> 00:22:34,870
+them? A sense of? Rejection. Yeah, they induced,
+
+246
+00:22:35,230 --> 00:22:37,770
+you know, a sense of boredom. But when you say,
+
+247
+00:22:37,930 --> 00:22:44,450
+thy, thy. Yeah, like, he's sarcastic. He's
+
+248
+00:22:44,450 --> 00:22:49,510
+sarcastic. He makes fun of him. He, you know,
+
+249
+00:22:50,530 --> 00:22:55,670
+refutes all his
+
+250
+00:22:56,980 --> 00:23:00,440
+allegations, all his assumptions about the
+
+251
+00:23:00,440 --> 00:23:06,120
+immortality, the beauty. Now if we look, we have
+
+252
+00:23:06,120 --> 00:23:10,500
+just seen how he was mocking the idea of
+
+253
+00:23:10,500 --> 00:23:12,840
+immortality and how he's mocking the idea of
+
+254
+00:23:12,840 --> 00:23:17,080
+beauty. Say again, you know, here you have images
+
+255
+00:23:17,080 --> 00:23:21,820
+of horror, you have images of ugliness, you know,
+
+256
+00:23:21,900 --> 00:23:24,840
+and if we go to them, like look here, when
+
+257
+00:23:24,840 --> 00:23:29,440
+something is fading, is it beautiful? Yeah. When
+
+258
+00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:35,620
+something is turning from like lush green into
+
+259
+00:23:35,620 --> 00:23:40,180
+dark, you know, dark black or something like this,
+
+260
+00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:43,490
+it is an image of death. And this is what is
+
+261
+00:23:43,490 --> 00:23:49,790
+happening. But again, thy belt of straw and ivy
+
+262
+00:23:49,790 --> 00:23:55,870
+buds, thy coral clasp and amber studs, thy, thy.
+
+263
+00:23:57,370 --> 00:24:01,950
+So what does this show? It shows like, I mean,
+
+264
+00:24:02,030 --> 00:24:08,950
+here, what Rani wants to say, that these things
+
+265
+00:24:08,950 --> 00:24:16,210
+are artificial. Their beauty is artificial. It is
+
+266
+00:24:16,210 --> 00:24:18,990
+not genuine beauty. Yeah, it is not genuine
+
+267
+00:24:18,990 --> 00:24:22,210
+because it is not lasting beauty.
+
+268
+00:24:38,150 --> 00:24:43,060
+And If you go up a little bit, for all the world
+
+269
+00:24:43,060 --> 00:24:45,480
+and love were young and truth in every show, these
+
+270
+00:24:45,480 --> 00:24:49,860
+pretty pleasures, the word pretty. When he says
+
+271
+00:24:49,860 --> 00:24:53,160
+these pretty, does he mean like they are pretty?
+
+272
+00:24:54,340 --> 00:24:57,720
+So what does he want to say? Like, don't you think
+
+273
+00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:00,940
+he's sarcastic here? So what does he want to say
+
+274
+00:25:00,940 --> 00:25:01,320
+exactly?
+
+275
+00:25:04,220 --> 00:25:05,060
+Yes, please.
+
+276
+00:25:08,430 --> 00:25:11,550
+Yeah, they're pretty, and they are not pretty.
+
+277
+00:25:11,770 --> 00:25:15,490
+These pretty, like he was, it's an irony. These
+
+278
+00:25:15,490 --> 00:25:19,910
+pretty pleasures make me move. Again, he wanted to
+
+279
+00:25:19,910 --> 00:25:24,050
+say that these things are artificial, are not
+
+280
+00:25:24,050 --> 00:25:26,710
+genuine, so I'm not coming with you.
+
+281
+00:25:29,950 --> 00:25:34,610
+If we look at the artistic aspects, I mean, like
+
+282
+00:25:34,610 --> 00:25:39,720
+the metaphors, like how he employs the metaphors,
+
+283
+00:25:40,260 --> 00:25:44,700
+how he employs the alliteration, also we see like
+
+284
+00:25:44,700 --> 00:25:48,900
+he's satirizing him. When he says, time drives the
+
+285
+00:25:48,900 --> 00:25:53,040
+flux from field to fold. The alliteration here,
+
+286
+00:25:53,820 --> 00:26:02,520
+you know, the alliteration shows what? Yeah, shows
+
+287
+00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:11,600
+an image of horror. It reflects how tough,
+
+288
+00:26:12,780 --> 00:26:18,220
+how fatal will be like the ravages of time. Time
+
+289
+00:26:18,220 --> 00:26:24,980
+will be destructive. And this toughness, which,
+
+290
+00:26:26,520 --> 00:26:31,920
+you know, we feel from the alliteration, it
+
+291
+00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:39,400
+contrasts with the musical tone of Marlow's poem.
+
+292
+00:26:39,540 --> 00:26:45,040
+If you remember Marlow's poem, it was full of
+
+293
+00:26:45,040 --> 00:26:49,740
+music. It was full of the singing of the birds,
+
+294
+00:26:49,860 --> 00:26:55,820
+the madrigals. Here, we have, instead of the
+
+295
+00:26:55,820 --> 00:27:01,770
+melodious The melodious madrigals, we have time
+
+296
+00:27:01,770 --> 00:27:09,130
+drives the flux from field to fold, and rivers
+
+297
+00:27:09,130 --> 00:27:16,170
+rage and rocks grow cold. So the serenity, the
+
+298
+00:27:16,170 --> 00:27:23,510
+tranquility of Marlow's poem are subverted.
+
+299
+00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:29,760
+replaced, subverted like they are distorted. By
+
+300
+00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:35,540
+what? By images, roaring images, by images of
+
+301
+00:27:35,540 --> 00:27:36,200
+destruction.
+
+302
+00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:47,900
+Okay. And Philemon becomes dumb. You know, the
+
+303
+00:27:47,900 --> 00:27:54,340
+singing poet, There we have the poet was singing,
+
+304
+00:27:54,920 --> 00:27:59,340
+but here the philomel becomes dumb. Here people
+
+305
+00:27:59,340 --> 00:28:06,320
+are speechless. Why? So like the sense of
+
+306
+00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:11,100
+security, the sense of tranquility are replaced by
+
+307
+00:28:11,100 --> 00:28:17,100
+horror and shock. Here there is a shock. Why would
+
+308
+00:28:17,100 --> 00:28:23,390
+philomel be dumb? Because of the horror of the
+
+309
+00:28:23,390 --> 00:28:26,710
+upheaval. You know what I mean by upheaval? The
+
+310
+00:28:26,710 --> 00:28:30,230
+change. It will be global change. You know,
+
+311
+00:28:30,330 --> 00:28:34,390
+nothing will remain as it is, so the phenomenon
+
+312
+00:28:34,390 --> 00:28:40,860
+will be done. You know? Again, this is like a
+
+313
+00:28:40,860 --> 00:28:44,380
+myth. A mythical philomel is a mythical creature,
+
+314
+00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:49,420
+but philomel means a bird, you know? So you can in
+
+315
+00:28:49,420 --> 00:28:53,220
+both ways, like the philomel is done because of
+
+316
+00:28:53,220 --> 00:28:57,940
+the shock out of the horror of the transformation
+
+317
+00:28:57,940 --> 00:28:59,000
+or the upheaval.
+
+318
+00:29:08,860 --> 00:29:14,120
+So I think we started to dislike. Huh? We started
+
+319
+00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:20,420
+to dislike. Marlow's poem started to lose. The
+
+320
+00:29:20,420 --> 00:29:25,320
+flowers do fade and wanton feels. To weigh word,
+
+321
+00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:28,660
+winter reckoning yields. A honey tongue. Look,
+
+322
+00:29:28,760 --> 00:29:31,940
+again, this is another technique. A honey tongue,
+
+323
+00:29:32,640 --> 00:29:36,150
+a heart of gold. Fancy spring, but soon it falls.
+
+324
+00:29:36,590 --> 00:29:41,150
+Now, what is he doing? He's juxtaposing. You know
+
+325
+00:29:41,150 --> 00:29:44,050
+what's been juxtaposed? To put side by side
+
+326
+00:29:44,050 --> 00:29:50,650
+things. A honey tongue, what is sweet, will be
+
+327
+00:29:50,650 --> 00:29:57,800
+bitter of gold. What is lovely will be sorrowful
+
+328
+00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:02,700
+and ugly. So again, the juxtaposition, like the
+
+329
+00:30:02,700 --> 00:30:05,880
+technique of juxtaposition, like here in this
+
+330
+00:30:05,880 --> 00:30:10,920
+poem, he juxtaposes beauty with ugliness. He
+
+331
+00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:14,680
+juxtaposes sweetness with bitterness. So
+
+332
+00:30:14,680 --> 00:30:19,620
+juxtaposition is like to invalidate, to show that
+
+333
+00:30:20,220 --> 00:30:24,360
+whatever was beautiful in Marlow is nothing to
+
+334
+00:30:24,360 --> 00:30:28,280
+show the reality, the opposite reality of Marlow's
+
+335
+00:30:28,280 --> 00:30:28,720
+assumption.
+
+336
+00:30:35,020 --> 00:30:44,060
+So as you see here, it's a full parody and you can
+
+337
+00:30:45,030 --> 00:30:49,130
+Start your writing, how it is a parody, by showing
+
+338
+00:30:49,130 --> 00:30:54,610
+this. But you can be more organized. You see? You
+
+339
+00:30:54,610 --> 00:30:59,450
+should show how he is making fun of the
+
+340
+00:30:59,450 --> 00:31:03,930
+suggestion. He's making fun of the theme itself.
+
+341
+00:31:04,450 --> 00:31:10,790
+He's making fun of all the promises. So the
+
+342
+00:31:10,790 --> 00:31:15,180
+promises, which were very enticing, are becoming
+
+343
+00:31:15,180 --> 00:31:19,440
+repugnant. So what has been enticing, you know
+
+344
+00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:23,480
+what's been enticing, tempting in Marlow is
+
+345
+00:31:23,480 --> 00:31:28,060
+becoming here repugnant. Repugnant like hateful,
+
+346
+00:31:28,180 --> 00:31:30,600
+something we don't like, repugnant.
+
+347
+00:31:43,310 --> 00:31:46,830
+Yeah, repugnant. So I think the cup of flowers,
+
+348
+00:31:47,950 --> 00:31:51,470
+the curtain, which was made of myrtle, are now
+
+349
+00:31:51,470 --> 00:31:56,070
+what? They are things which they, they, we don't
+
+350
+00:31:56,070 --> 00:32:00,030
+like them. They are no longer tempting. They are
+
+351
+00:32:00,030 --> 00:32:03,270
+no longer enticing. On the contrary, they are
+
+352
+00:32:03,270 --> 00:32:06,870
+images of horror and death. They are images of
+
+353
+00:32:06,870 --> 00:32:12,990
+transience. So like here, you see, he rallies by
+
+354
+00:32:12,990 --> 00:32:17,530
+doing this. He undermines everything. He
+
+355
+00:32:17,530 --> 00:32:20,610
+satirizes. He mocks. He rebukes. This is what I
+
+356
+00:32:20,610 --> 00:32:26,010
+want you to do when you write the parody. Okay,
+
+357
+00:32:26,250 --> 00:32:29,450
+this is about the parody. Now we have some time to
+
+358
+00:32:29,450 --> 00:32:32,750
+talk about, because this is like your reflection,
+
+359
+00:32:32,950 --> 00:32:36,170
+will be your reflection. So I want you to compare
+
+360
+00:32:36,170 --> 00:32:39,950
+and to contrast between the two poems. And when
+
+361
+00:32:39,950 --> 00:32:43,470
+you are writing a comparison, you know, I want you
+
+362
+00:32:43,470 --> 00:32:46,410
+like to take into consideration one. So when you
+
+363
+00:32:46,410 --> 00:32:50,080
+are contrasting and Comparing. What are you going
+
+364
+00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:54,220
+to do? And I think here, you have to contrast more
+
+365
+00:32:54,220 --> 00:33:00,300
+than compare. But there are, you know, when I say
+
+366
+00:33:00,300 --> 00:33:03,560
+compare, you talk about similarities. Contrast
+
+367
+00:33:03,560 --> 00:33:11,940
+talk about, you know, yes, differences. You can do
+
+368
+00:33:11,940 --> 00:33:15,360
+this by writing paragraph about the theme of this
+
+369
+00:33:15,360 --> 00:33:18,480
+poem and writing a paragraph about the theme of
+
+370
+00:33:18,480 --> 00:33:21,120
+this poem, by writing a paragraph about the tone
+
+371
+00:33:21,120 --> 00:33:23,940
+of this poem, by writing another paragraph. This
+
+372
+00:33:23,940 --> 00:33:27,580
+is like block. You assume the block. But if you
+
+373
+00:33:27,580 --> 00:33:32,320
+want to, you know, to take the point and mix them,
+
+374
+00:33:32,500 --> 00:33:35,400
+it's okay. It's up to you. You say, okay, the tone
+
+375
+00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:40,630
+of Marlon's poem is so-and-so. While the tone of,
+
+376
+00:33:40,870 --> 00:33:45,050
+you know, you can use while, whereas, on one hand,
+
+377
+00:33:45,150 --> 00:33:48,790
+on the other hand, like these transitional words
+
+378
+00:33:48,790 --> 00:33:51,470
+you are familiar with in your writing courses.
+
+379
+00:33:52,210 --> 00:33:55,850
+Okay. So when you want to compare and contrast,
+
+380
+00:33:58,390 --> 00:34:03,030
+what do you want to compare? I think you can
+
+381
+00:34:03,030 --> 00:34:12,970
+compare Yeah, the theme. The theme. The rhyme. The
+
+382
+00:34:12,970 --> 00:34:13,270
+rhythm.
+
+383
+00:34:16,030 --> 00:34:20,850
+You can talk about figures of speech. I mean, the
+
+384
+00:34:20,850 --> 00:34:25,230
+style. The style in general. The style includes
+
+385
+00:34:25,230 --> 00:34:29,230
+figures of speech, includes alliteration, includes
+
+386
+00:34:29,230 --> 00:34:34,950
+sound, music. What else? So we have the theme.
+
+387
+00:34:38,210 --> 00:34:40,670
+Yeah, when you talk about the language, we are
+
+388
+00:34:40,670 --> 00:34:47,310
+talking about the style. The theme. The tone. What
+
+389
+00:34:47,310 --> 00:34:49,730
+is the tone, by the way? When we say the tone,
+
+390
+00:34:49,810 --> 00:34:53,910
+what is the tone? Like usually people are mixing
+
+391
+00:34:53,910 --> 00:34:57,830
+between the tone and attitude. What is a tone?
+
+392
+00:35:01,850 --> 00:35:02,950
+And what is attitude?
+
+393
+00:35:06,850 --> 00:35:10,610
+What is the tone and what is the attitude? What is
+
+394
+00:35:10,610 --> 00:35:13,690
+the difference between the two? Yes?
+
+395
+00:35:16,610 --> 00:35:25,730
+The tone. The tone is the impact of the words on
+
+396
+00:35:25,730 --> 00:35:31,080
+us. the impact of the words on us. Like you look
+
+397
+00:35:31,080 --> 00:35:37,000
+at a text and you see the happy child was smiling
+
+398
+00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:41,900
+at his mom and started laughing and you know, like
+
+399
+00:35:41,900 --> 00:35:47,480
+so the words smile, laugh, happy, you know, have
+
+400
+00:35:47,480 --> 00:35:52,740
+what on us. So we call this tone as happy tone.
+
+401
+00:35:53,260 --> 00:35:58,500
+cheerful tone. But when we have the crying, the
+
+402
+00:35:58,500 --> 00:36:02,000
+tears, you know, it is sad. So if you look at the
+
+403
+00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:06,940
+words in Marlow's poem, the tone of the whole text
+
+404
+00:36:06,940 --> 00:36:11,420
+is very happy, jovial, cheerful. Look at the
+
+405
+00:36:11,420 --> 00:36:14,480
+words, the happy, the birds, this way, you know,
+
+406
+00:36:14,780 --> 00:36:18,360
+the singing of the swains, you know, so the tone
+
+407
+00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:24,660
+is happy. But in Marlow, The tone is very sad.
+
+408
+00:36:25,340 --> 00:36:34,240
+Very sad. Okay. The attitude. You know how the
+
+409
+00:36:34,240 --> 00:36:41,880
+poet feels towards something. How the poet feels
+
+410
+00:36:41,880 --> 00:36:45,120
+towards something. Like how you feel. When I'm
+
+411
+00:36:45,120 --> 00:36:48,240
+talking about your attitude, Or when I'm talking
+
+412
+00:36:48,240 --> 00:36:51,820
+about the attitude, I'm talking about the poet's
+
+413
+00:36:51,820 --> 00:36:56,360
+attitude, the poet's feelings, view of something.
+
+414
+00:36:56,660 --> 00:37:03,680
+So if we are looking at the attitude of Marlow, so
+
+415
+00:37:03,680 --> 00:37:11,040
+he was open, he was optimistic, while Raleigh was
+
+416
+00:37:11,980 --> 00:37:16,200
+Pessimistic. And you can, I think, demonstrate
+
+417
+00:37:16,200 --> 00:37:21,680
+that from examples. So here, we have tone and
+
+418
+00:37:21,680 --> 00:37:29,820
+attitude. You can also compare
+
+419
+00:37:29,820 --> 00:37:33,800
+the themes. The theme, as we saw in the parody,
+
+420
+00:37:34,600 --> 00:37:37,880
+one theme was about the immortality, and the other
+
+421
+00:37:37,880 --> 00:37:42,100
+theme was about immortality. You can talk about
+
+422
+00:37:42,100 --> 00:37:45,620
+the figures of speech, how the figures of speech
+
+423
+00:37:45,620 --> 00:37:52,860
+and the images, the images, the figures of speech.
+
+424
+00:37:53,740 --> 00:37:54,240
+Okay.
+
+425
+00:37:56,780 --> 00:38:00,120
+Here, like how they were glowing, full of beauty,
+
+426
+00:38:00,860 --> 00:38:06,240
+but in Marlow, the images are in Raleigh, sorry,
+
+427
+00:38:06,320 --> 00:38:11,450
+yes. Okay, so you were talking. Good. I think,
+
+428
+00:38:11,610 --> 00:38:17,230
+yes, here, the images are also different. The
+
+429
+00:38:17,230 --> 00:38:20,170
+metaphors are different. So most of the metaphors
+
+430
+00:38:20,170 --> 00:38:25,770
+in Raleigh's poem have to do with death, decay.
+
+431
+00:38:27,170 --> 00:38:32,050
+Okay, yes. You can talk also... I think this is
+
+432
+00:38:32,050 --> 00:38:35,430
+when you talk about the style, you know? You can
+
+433
+00:38:35,430 --> 00:38:40,290
+talk about in the style, the form. the form, the
+
+434
+00:38:40,290 --> 00:38:45,270
+figures of speech, the language, the sound, the
+
+435
+00:38:45,270 --> 00:38:45,910
+alliteration.
+
+436
+00:38:48,430 --> 00:38:53,070
+So the form is the larger category. So let's say
+
+437
+00:38:53,070 --> 00:38:59,290
+these points you should consider the theme, the
+
+438
+00:38:59,290 --> 00:39:04,930
+tone, the attitude, and then the style. The style
+
+439
+00:39:04,930 --> 00:39:10,580
+includes the form, the images, the figures of
+
+440
+00:39:10,580 --> 00:39:14,740
+speech, the alliteration, the sound, the rhyme and
+
+441
+00:39:14,740 --> 00:39:20,260
+the rhythm. So I wish you would give me a
+
+442
+00:39:20,260 --> 00:39:23,800
+masterpiece soon. And if possible, I'll be sending
+
+443
+00:39:23,800 --> 00:39:28,700
+you a small article about how the parody itself.
+
+444
+00:39:28,880 --> 00:39:33,060
+This might help you. But please try to distinguish
+
+445
+00:39:33,060 --> 00:39:37,260
+between a parody and a comparison. In the parody,
+
+446
+00:39:37,920 --> 00:39:44,300
+I look how you use these words. If you say this
+
+447
+00:39:44,300 --> 00:39:47,280
+poem is lovely or the other, you're not writing it
+
+448
+00:39:47,280 --> 00:39:49,220
+or you're not speaking about the parody, but you
+
+449
+00:39:49,220 --> 00:39:53,220
+are comparing and contrasting. So I think this is
+
+450
+00:39:53,220 --> 00:39:56,560
+enough for today. If you have any question, let me
+
+451
+00:39:56,560 --> 00:40:02,660
+know, please. No questions. Today, I know I forgot
+
+452
+00:40:02,660 --> 00:40:07,020
+the report, but it doesn't mean that, I don't know
+
+453
+00:40:07,020 --> 00:40:10,380
+how I forgot the report. So let's do it like this
+
+454
+00:40:10,380 --> 00:40:13,160
+time differently. We need somebody to read her
+
+455
+00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:16,740
+report now. If anybody is willing to read her
+
+456
+00:40:16,740 --> 00:40:21,940
+report, it would be funny. Is anybody willing?
+
+457
+00:40:23,300 --> 00:40:23,920
+Yes. Okay.
+
+458
+00:40:27,160 --> 00:40:31,480
+So this is a deviation from the norm. We are
+
+459
+00:40:31,480 --> 00:40:35,360
+deviating from the norm. Every time we're having
+
+460
+00:40:35,360 --> 00:40:38,640
+the report, At the beginning, now let's see the
+
+461
+00:40:38,640 --> 00:40:44,020
+report at the end. Daily Report. When I wrote my
+
+462
+00:40:44,020 --> 00:40:47,840
+daily report, I feel confused. That because when I
+
+463
+00:40:47,840 --> 00:40:51,160
+wrote it, I measure myself walking in a long road.
+
+464
+00:40:51,480 --> 00:40:55,280
+I mean, I find many difficulties when writing it
+
+465
+00:40:55,280 --> 00:40:58,360
+because it is a kind of brainstorming and needs
+
+466
+00:40:58,360 --> 00:41:01,720
+serious thinking a little bit. However, I like
+
+467
+00:41:01,720 --> 00:41:05,680
+this task because I discovered that it has special
+
+468
+00:41:05,680 --> 00:41:09,220
+taste. And also because I hate the method of
+
+469
+00:41:09,220 --> 00:41:13,070
+cutting based. Regarding to the previous lecture,
+
+470
+00:41:13,310 --> 00:41:15,710
+it was like something has a special sight of
+
+471
+00:41:15,710 --> 00:41:20,970
+beauty. That because we began the lecture by
+
+472
+00:41:20,970 --> 00:41:24,110
+saying the report and then students said her
+
+473
+00:41:24,110 --> 00:41:27,790
+response which was beautiful and funny. Then Mr.
+
+474
+00:41:27,850 --> 00:41:31,210
+Habib asked several questions and gave us many
+
+475
+00:41:31,210 --> 00:41:34,530
+chances to think deeply, so we began to understand
+
+476
+00:41:34,530 --> 00:41:38,360
+the poem and think seriously. After that, the
+
+477
+00:41:38,360 --> 00:41:42,040
+teacher thanked us because of our efforts. Also,
+
+478
+00:41:42,140 --> 00:41:44,980
+he motivated and encouraged us by saying you
+
+479
+00:41:44,980 --> 00:41:47,820
+should always follow this method. In short, the
+
+480
+00:41:47,820 --> 00:41:51,420
+lecture was so amazing and nice that we felt
+
+481
+00:41:51,420 --> 00:41:55,580
+excited and did not feel in that period of that
+
+482
+00:41:55,580 --> 00:41:57,980
+time. Okay, thank you very much. Do you want like
+
+483
+00:41:57,980 --> 00:42:03,260
+to read yours? Okay. Is anybody willing? Yes?
+
+484
+00:42:03,360 --> 00:42:03,600
+Okay.
+
+485
+00:42:09,480 --> 00:42:13,800
+At night, when I came to write my daily report, at
+
+486
+00:42:13,800 --> 00:42:18,360
+night, when I came to write my daily report, I
+
+487
+00:42:18,360 --> 00:42:20,680
+decided to write about what happened in Arab world
+
+488
+00:42:20,680 --> 00:42:23,700
+last week. As a Palestinian people, we hadn't
+
+489
+00:42:23,700 --> 00:42:26,400
+heard on the following news for a long time. But
+
+490
+00:42:26,400 --> 00:42:30,880
+when the exchange prisoner deal achieved between
+
+491
+00:42:30,880 --> 00:42:35,140
+Hamas and Israel government with Egyptian eye,
+
+492
+00:42:35,900 --> 00:42:40,160
+mediation with Egyptian mediation. The Palestinian
+
+493
+00:42:40,160 --> 00:42:45,400
+city had celebrated in the national wedding a
+
+494
+00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:48,520
+request to release about more than 1,000
+
+495
+00:42:48,520 --> 00:42:51,200
+Palestinian prisoners of the Israeli prisons.
+
+496
+00:42:52,680 --> 00:42:57,500
+Through this happy news, the education minister
+
+497
+00:42:57,500 --> 00:43:01,220
+and others announced a vacation of three days.
+
+498
+00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:05,020
+Also, among this happy news, we hear the falling
+
+499
+00:43:05,020 --> 00:43:09,920
+of Gaddafi's body and his guards among the Libyan
+
+500
+00:43:09,920 --> 00:43:13,540
+rebels. And we hope to listen more, more happy
+
+501
+00:43:13,540 --> 00:43:16,240
+news. Yeah, and Gaddafi has to do with Raleigh
+
+502
+00:43:16,240 --> 00:43:18,980
+because, you know, Gaddafi thought, like Marlow,
+
+503
+00:43:19,060 --> 00:43:24,320
+that life and palaces will remain forever. You
+
+504
+00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:29,220
+know, yesterday I read an article, من القصر إلى
+
+505
+00:43:29,220 --> 00:43:34,740
+السرداب إلى القبر. So I changed it in my mind, من
+
+506
+00:43:34,740 --> 00:43:39,640
+القصر إلى الوكر ثم القبر. Because this is how it
+
+507
+00:43:39,640 --> 00:43:44,440
+should be like this. And we hope to listen more
+
+508
+00:43:44,440 --> 00:43:46,760
+happy news about the Arab leaders following
+
+509
+00:43:46,760 --> 00:43:50,900
+scenario in Arab Spring Revolution.
+
+510
+00:43:54,030 --> 00:43:57,590
+Although the winter season will soon, the spring
+
+511
+00:43:57,590 --> 00:44:00,730
+revolution will continue. In the other hand, about
+
+512
+00:44:00,730 --> 00:44:03,210
+pottery class, last class we started a new poem
+
+513
+00:44:03,210 --> 00:44:06,810
+for Dari. Yes, and we finished it today. Thank you
+
+514
+00:44:06,810 --> 00:44:09,470
+very much. Good. Thank you and take care. Okay,
+
+515
+00:44:10,190 --> 00:44:11,590
+see you next time, Inshallah.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/3azuF_ecpkY.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1587 @@
+
+1
+00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:20,400
+Good morning everybody. How are you? So, you had 
+
+2
+00:00:20,400 --> 00:00:24,400
+a nice time I think over the weekend to enjoy 
+
+3
+00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:30,530
+yourself and then to study, huh? Okay, good. Just 
+
+4
+00:00:30,530 --> 00:00:35,630
+studying? No, you're kidding. Good. Today, you 
+
+5
+00:00:35,630 --> 00:00:40,930
+know, we are going to see Raleigh's reply to 
+
+6
+00:00:40,930 --> 00:00:49,050
+Marlow. So those who debated here for not going, 
+
+7
+00:00:49,390 --> 00:00:52,630
+they're giving more credit today. See? Those who 
+
+8
+00:00:52,630 --> 00:00:55,190
+said, no, I'm not going, they're giving more 
+
+9
+00:00:55,190 --> 00:00:59,300
+credit. And those who said, I want to go, they are 
+
+10
+00:00:59,300 --> 00:01:03,480
+in a difficult situation. So they have to think of a 
+
+11
+00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:06,900
+new poem, of a reply to the reply itself. 
+
+12
+00:01:10,780 --> 00:01:14,640
+Yes, Raleigh, I mean, this poem, like a lot of 
+
+13
+00:01:14,640 --> 00:01:20,500
+poets, wrote a reply to this. The most famous one 
+
+14
+00:01:20,500 --> 00:01:26,570
+is Raleigh's Reply. And there is a reply, as you 
+
+15
+00:01:26,570 --> 00:01:33,450
+see. I don't want to forget the report and the 
+
+16
+00:01:33,450 --> 00:01:36,690
+response, of course, and to go through the poem. 
+
+17
+00:01:37,230 --> 00:01:45,210
+So let's just start by a nice report. And yes? 
+
+18
+00:01:56,500 --> 00:01:59,220
+When I remember the previous lecture, I began to 
+
+19
+00:01:59,220 --> 00:02:01,860
+think, does that poem have a special taste by 
+
+20
+00:02:01,860 --> 00:02:04,980
+having important and simple lengths? That was the 
+
+21
+00:02:04,980 --> 00:02:07,660
+first question that pops to my mind when I read the 
+
+22
+00:02:07,660 --> 00:02:10,620
+poem for the first time. Then after attending the 
+
+23
+00:02:10,620 --> 00:02:14,360
+previous lecture, I discovered that this poem was 
+
+24
+00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:17,400
+too nice. As usual, from the very beginning, two 
+
+25
+00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:20,840
+students set the reports. But unfortunately, I 
+
+26
+00:02:20,840 --> 00:02:26,060
+forgot to begin with I forget to bring with me the 
+
+27
+00:02:26,060 --> 00:02:29,220
+report I wrote. We continued our lecture by 
+
+28
+00:02:29,220 --> 00:02:33,780
+criticizing it and giving more analysis. So we 
+
+29
+00:02:33,780 --> 00:02:37,440
+began to think deeply and activated our minds by 
+
+30
+00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:40,540
+sharing in that process. After that, the teacher 
+
+31
+00:02:40,540 --> 00:02:43,140
+discussed the poem widely by asking some 
+
+32
+00:02:43,140 --> 00:02:46,600
+questions. Consequently, I encouraged myself by 
+
+33
+00:02:46,600 --> 00:02:51,390
+answering one question and taking a position. Mr. 
+
+34
+00:02:51,550 --> 00:02:54,830
+Habib ordered us to write a paragraph about the 
+
+35
+00:02:54,830 --> 00:02:57,370
+main theme. So, we began to write the paragraph, 
+
+36
+00:02:57,690 --> 00:03:00,770
+but not too deep. To conclude, that lecture was too 
+
+37
+00:03:00,770 --> 00:03:04,010
+interesting and short that we felt unhappiness and 
+
+38
+00:03:04,010 --> 00:03:07,030
+did not like to conclude. Okay, thank you very 
+
+39
+00:03:07,030 --> 00:03:10,810
+much for having this feeling about the last class. 
+
+40
+00:03:11,850 --> 00:03:17,910
+If anybody has another feeling, we don't mind. I 
+
+41
+00:03:17,910 --> 00:03:21,070
+might need another, you know, report in which like 
+
+42
+00:03:21,070 --> 00:03:26,190
+some absent students need to justify their 
+
+43
+00:03:26,190 --> 00:03:34,430
+absence. Ola, do you have a report? Did you 
+
+44
+00:03:34,430 --> 00:03:38,170
+watch them and you wrote about that? Okay, you 
+
+45
+00:03:38,170 --> 00:03:42,690
+should have written, you know. Okay, the response. 
+
+46
+00:03:43,890 --> 00:03:47,270
+Response to Raleigh. Yes. 
+
+47
+00:03:51,790 --> 00:03:52,770
+Yes, you can. 
+
+48
+00:04:01,110 --> 00:04:05,170
+Hello everybody. One day I woke up early then I 
+
+49
+00:04:05,170 --> 00:04:07,390
+opened my window to see myself. Okay, could you 
+
+50
+00:04:07,390 --> 00:04:10,600
+raise your voice please? One day I woke up early 
+
+51
+00:04:10,600 --> 00:04:13,540
+then I opened my window to see a nice birds with 
+
+52
+00:04:13,540 --> 00:04:16,620
+nice singing. When I looked at the sunshine I 
+
+53
+00:04:16,620 --> 00:04:19,580
+heard a strange voice appealing, come live with me 
+
+54
+00:04:19,580 --> 00:04:23,120
+and be my love. I looked to him and asked him, me, 
+
+55
+00:04:23,380 --> 00:04:26,880
+you mean me? Yes, come with me and be my love. 
+
+56
+00:04:27,180 --> 00:04:30,520
+What? What will you do to me to be your love? He 
+
+57
+00:04:30,520 --> 00:04:34,280
+began to verse with me by nice words. We will sit 
+
+58
+00:04:34,280 --> 00:04:36,860
+up on the rocks, seeing the shepherds feed their 
+
+59
+00:04:36,860 --> 00:04:40,060
+flocks. I will make the bed of roses and a 
+
+60
+00:04:40,060 --> 00:04:42,860
+thousand fragrant roses, a cup of flowers and 
+
+61
+00:04:42,860 --> 00:04:43,280
+kerchief. 
+
+62
+00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:49,420
+During his speech, another voice shouted aloud and 
+
+63
+00:04:49,420 --> 00:04:52,760
+interrupted him. Don't believe him. He is a liar 
+
+64
+00:04:52,760 --> 00:04:56,890
+man. I turn to him and ask him why you said that? 
+
+65
+00:04:57,410 --> 00:05:00,670
+He will give me everything and make me and make my 
+
+66
+00:05:00,670 --> 00:05:03,850
+life relaxed and nice and full of love. Also, he 
+
+67
+00:05:03,850 --> 00:05:06,430
+will challenge everything to make me his love. 
+
+68
+00:05:07,010 --> 00:05:12,060
+Please listen to me. Okay, what? their guns, their 
+
+69
+00:05:12,060 --> 00:05:15,040
+shoes, their beds of roses, their girls, their 
+
+70
+00:05:15,040 --> 00:05:17,800
+characters and their bosses. Soon it breaks, soon 
+
+71
+00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:21,000
+withers, soon forgotten, and fully ripe and 
+
+72
+00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:23,280
+reasonably rotten. Oh, my head will explode. 
+
+73
+00:05:23,960 --> 00:05:26,840
+Marlow's words are romantic and it calls for a 
+
+74
+00:05:26,840 --> 00:05:30,080
+happy life, and he uses an old pastoral style with 
+
+75
+00:05:30,080 --> 00:05:33,440
+gifts and promises of a rural life, and he keeps 
+
+76
+00:05:33,440 --> 00:05:36,620
+giving me promises in order to encourage me to 
+
+77
+00:05:36,620 --> 00:05:39,760
+come with him. He thinks that the rural life is 
+
+78
+00:05:39,760 --> 00:05:43,320
+the ideal one, so everything will be good. On the 
+
+79
+00:05:43,320 --> 00:05:46,480
+other contrary, Ghali's reply is pessimistic and 
+
+80
+00:05:46,480 --> 00:05:49,480
+much more realistic. He debunks the idea of 
+
+81
+00:05:49,480 --> 00:05:52,910
+pastoral love because time is the destroyer of 
+
+82
+00:05:52,910 --> 00:05:55,990
+everything and it cannot be controlled. As he 
+
+83
+00:05:55,990 --> 00:05:59,970
+said, time drives blocks from fields to fold. 
+
+84
+00:06:00,190 --> 00:06:03,410
+Here, Raleigh is inviting Marlow to stop dreaming 
+
+85
+00:06:03,410 --> 00:06:06,410
+and be realistic because everything is immortal. 
+
+86
+00:06:06,970 --> 00:06:10,130
+And this is the end of everything, including love. 
+
+87
+00:06:10,350 --> 00:06:14,050
+Really, I'm very tired from both. So I will close 
+
+88
+00:06:14,050 --> 00:06:16,770
+my window and go to my bed again. Okay, thank you 
+
+89
+00:06:16,770 --> 00:06:20,990
+for the creative idea of writing your response. 
+
+90
+00:06:22,300 --> 00:06:24,420
+It's very interesting. I know like some of you 
+
+91
+00:06:24,420 --> 00:06:28,840
+started to lose interest in Marlo's poem because 
+
+92
+00:06:28,840 --> 00:06:32,280
+of this poem. But still, like those who debated 
+
+93
+00:06:32,280 --> 00:06:35,800
+for Marlo, they are looking at me and saying, no, 
+
+94
+00:06:35,900 --> 00:06:43,900
+we haven't lost interest. Anyway, you know, let me 
+
+95
+00:06:43,900 --> 00:06:45,880
+just like ask a couple of you, how did you feel 
+
+96
+00:06:45,880 --> 00:06:52,240
+when you read Marlo? Yeah. Were you okay? Did you 
+
+97
+00:06:52,240 --> 00:06:56,840
+get, like, convinced? How did you feel? It's about 
+
+98
+00:06:56,840 --> 00:07:02,380
+your response. Yes or what? I felt that we are on 
+
+99
+00:07:02,380 --> 00:07:05,620
+the earth. We are on the earth. We're no longer 
+
+100
+00:07:05,620 --> 00:07:09,100
+flying, you know, with Marlow's golden promises. 
+
+101
+00:07:09,600 --> 00:07:12,960
+Okay. Very good. I like this expression. Okay. 
+
+102
+00:07:14,860 --> 00:07:21,030
+Yes? I think he exaggerated this and he is a You 
+
+103
+00:07:21,030 --> 00:07:26,690
+know, Raleigh is exaggerating, you know? So life 
+
+104
+00:07:26,690 --> 00:07:31,810
+is not like this, you know? Okay, he seems to be 
+
+105
+00:07:31,810 --> 00:07:35,450
+realistic, but he's too much exaggerating reality. 
+
+106
+00:07:36,530 --> 00:07:37,510
+Very good. 
+
+107
+00:08:10,440 --> 00:08:14,000
+Now this is a rally No, Marlowe. Marlowe, yeah. 
+
+108
+00:08:14,080 --> 00:08:16,300
+But like here, Raleigh, how do you feel about 
+
+109
+00:08:16,300 --> 00:08:20,200
+Raleigh's response? To convince him or to 
+
+110
+00:08:20,200 --> 00:08:24,440
+convince, to make the reader know that anything 
+
+111
+00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:29,720
+is not as depicted by Marlowe. Thank you. So he 
+
+112
+00:08:29,720 --> 00:08:32,660
+wrote this in order like to ridicule Marlowe. He 
+
+113
+00:08:32,660 --> 00:08:35,180
+wrote this in order to show that Marlowe was 
+
+114
+00:08:35,180 --> 00:08:37,660
+wrong, was not telling the truth. Yes, please. I 
+
+115
+00:08:37,660 --> 00:08:41,240
+think Raleigh was right because love and even the 
+
+116
+00:08:41,240 --> 00:08:41,960
+word can still 
+
+117
+00:08:48,620 --> 00:09:00,100
+So you think that Raleigh 
+
+118
+00:09:00,100 --> 00:09:02,020
+is more convincing? 
+
+119
+00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:10,700
+Both Milo and Brian, they had the two extremes, 
+
+120
+00:09:11,100 --> 00:09:14,040
+but there's nothing in the middle. Like, I felt 
+
+121
+00:09:14,040 --> 00:09:16,980
+like they're both taking two extremes, but there's 
+
+122
+00:09:16,980 --> 00:09:19,160
+something in the middle. Like, he was a bit 
+
+123
+00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:22,100
+realistic, but he was too realistic and too, like, 
+
+124
+00:09:22,500 --> 00:09:23,980
+complicated. So you think, you know, there's 
+
+125
+00:09:23,980 --> 00:09:27,080
+something in the middle. I mean, in our life, we 
+
+126
+00:09:27,080 --> 00:09:30,340
+have to maintain a balance between two ways of 
+
+127
+00:09:30,340 --> 00:09:33,680
+life. This is what you, you know, like, so we need 
+
+128
+00:09:33,680 --> 00:09:36,340
+to debate, of course, to have a fair party. But 
+
+129
+00:09:36,340 --> 00:09:39,770
+anyway. I don't know. Have you read the poem 
+
+130
+00:09:39,770 --> 00:09:46,410
+aloud? How is it like, does it have the singing 
+
+131
+00:09:46,410 --> 00:09:52,630
+tone of, yes? Yeah. Who wants like to, to tell me 
+
+132
+00:09:52,630 --> 00:09:55,950
+how she read the poem? And you come here and like 
+
+133
+00:09:55,950 --> 00:09:57,930
+you read the poem and it's in front of you. 
+
+134
+00:10:01,270 --> 00:10:04,310
+I don't know. Would you like if all the world and 
+
+135
+00:10:04,310 --> 00:10:08,730
+love were like this? I don't know. So, would it be 
+
+136
+00:10:08,730 --> 00:10:14,830
+like what? All the words and love were young and 
+
+137
+00:10:14,830 --> 00:10:18,590
+truth in every shepherd's tongue. These pretty 
+
+138
+00:10:18,590 --> 00:10:22,330
+pleasures might be more to live with thee and be 
+
+139
+00:10:22,330 --> 00:10:23,850
+thy love. Rana, do you want to give yourself? 
+
+140
+00:10:25,150 --> 00:10:29,930
+Okay, you can. Yeah, yeah. You can come here. No, 
+
+141
+00:10:30,010 --> 00:10:31,950
+just okay. 
+
+142
+00:10:35,880 --> 00:10:40,380
+I'm not in the class right now. Did we take this 
+
+143
+00:10:40,380 --> 00:10:43,100
+poem? Yeah, of course. Yeah? I don't remember. 
+
+144
+00:10:43,220 --> 00:10:46,120
+Yeah, go ahead. Okay. If all the world and love 
+
+145
+00:10:46,120 --> 00:10:49,120
+were young, and truth in every shepherd's tongue, 
+
+146
+00:10:49,440 --> 00:10:52,720
+these pretty pleasures might we move, to live with 
+
+147
+00:10:52,720 --> 00:10:56,460
+thee and be thy love. Time drives the flocks from 
+
+148
+00:10:56,460 --> 00:10:59,680
+field to fold, when rivers rage and rocks grow 
+
+149
+00:10:59,680 --> 00:11:01,460
+old, and ... 
+
+150
+00:11:06,540 --> 00:11:11,480
+And the philomel becomes dumb, the rest complains 
+
+151
+00:11:11,480 --> 00:11:15,100
+of cares to come. The flowers do fade and wanton 
+
+152
+00:11:15,100 --> 00:11:20,120
+fields to wayward winter reckoning yields. A honey 
+
+153
+00:11:20,120 --> 00:11:23,420
+tongue, a heart of gall is fancy spring, but 
+
+154
+00:11:23,420 --> 00:11:29,360
+sorrows fall. Okay. What? Thy gowns. Thy gowns, 
+
+155
+00:11:29,420 --> 00:11:33,040
+thy shoes, thy beds of roses, thy cap, thy curdle, 
+
+156
+00:11:33,180 --> 00:11:34,380
+and thy posies. 
+
+157
+00:11:36,940 --> 00:11:39,300
+Soon break. Soon break, soon wither, soon 
+
+158
+00:11:39,300 --> 00:11:43,440
+forgotten, in folly ripe, in season rotten. Thy 
+
+159
+00:11:43,440 --> 00:11:47,040
+belt of straw and ivy buds, thy coral clasp and 
+
+160
+00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:51,080
+amber studs. All these in me no means can move to 
+
+161
+00:11:51,080 --> 00:11:55,070
+come to thee and be thy love. But could youth last 
+
+162
+00:11:55,070 --> 00:11:58,830
+and love still breathe? Had joys no date nor age 
+
+163
+00:11:58,830 --> 00:12:02,830
+no need? Then these delights my mind might move to 
+
+164
+00:12:02,830 --> 00:12:05,630
+live with thee and be thy love. Thank you very 
+
+165
+00:12:05,630 --> 00:12:09,950
+much. How romantic. Thank you. Yeah, I know the 
+
+166
+00:12:09,950 --> 00:12:13,630
+word philomel was a problem. Okay, philomel 
+
+167
+00:12:13,630 --> 00:12:17,960
+nightingale, the nightingale. It is a metonymy of 
+
+168
+00:12:17,960 --> 00:12:23,240
+joy, of happiness. In fact, it's an image, but it 
+
+169
+00:12:23,240 --> 00:12:27,360
+is not a nightingale. It's a full moon because it 
+
+170
+00:12:27,360 --> 00:12:32,120
+seems like Raleigh does not want to imply anything 
+
+171
+00:12:32,120 --> 00:12:34,840
+or to hint to anything beautiful because he's 
+
+172
+00:12:34,840 --> 00:12:38,820
+interested in showing the other side of life. In 
+
+173
+00:12:38,820 --> 00:12:43,720
+fact, the way she read it is very good, but I have 
+
+174
+00:12:43,720 --> 00:12:48,890
+to read it and listen. If all the world and love 
+
+175
+00:12:48,890 --> 00:12:51,990
+were young, and truth in every shepherd's tongue, 
+
+176
+00:12:52,590 --> 00:12:55,630
+these pretty pleasures might be moved to live with 
+
+177
+00:12:55,630 --> 00:13:00,390
+thee and be thy love. Time drives the flocks from 
+
+178
+00:13:00,390 --> 00:13:05,190
+field to fold. When rivers rage and rocks grow old 
+
+179
+00:13:05,190 --> 00:13:09,850
+and philomel becomes dumb, there is complaints of 
+
+180
+00:13:09,850 --> 00:13:14,270
+cares to come. The flowers do fade and wanton 
+
+181
+00:13:14,270 --> 00:13:19,050
+feels to weigh word winter reckoning yields. A 
+
+182
+00:13:19,050 --> 00:13:23,070
+honey tongue, a heart of gold, is fancy spring, 
+
+183
+00:13:23,610 --> 00:13:28,250
+but soon is fall. Thy gowns, thy shoes, thy bed of 
+
+184
+00:13:28,250 --> 00:13:33,570
+roses, thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy poses soon 
+
+185
+00:13:33,570 --> 00:13:37,910
+break, soon wither, soon forgotten. In fall 
+
+186
+00:13:37,910 --> 00:13:43,330
+arrived, in season rotten. Thy belt of straw, thy 
+
+187
+00:13:43,330 --> 00:13:47,350
+belt of straw and ivy buds, thy coral clasp and 
+
+188
+00:13:47,350 --> 00:13:53,150
+amber studs, all these in me no means can move to 
+
+223
+00:16:42,060 --> 00:16:44,860
+say that. Thank you very much. So here the point
+
+224
+00:16:44,860 --> 00:16:52,060
+is like usually the assumption or if the
+
+225
+00:16:52,060 --> 00:16:55,880
+hypothesis is hypothesis. Now here she does not
+
+226
+00:16:55,880 --> 00:17:00,060
+speak French. This is the fact. So, the assumption
+
+227
+00:17:00,060 --> 00:17:05,440
+or the hypothesis is usually contrary to the fact.
+
+228
+00:17:05,900 --> 00:17:10,800
+So, if Amal spoke, it means that she doesn't
+
+229
+00:17:10,800 --> 00:17:18,620
+speak. Now, if I say, the word and love are not
+
+230
+00:17:18,620 --> 00:17:29,560
+enough. Okay? So, you know, I can come with you,
+
+231
+00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:33,480
+or so I cannot come with you. Okay? So how do you
+
+232
+00:17:33,480 --> 00:17:37,740
+want to do it? The word and love are not enough.
+
+233
+00:17:39,060 --> 00:17:42,680
+So how would you do it? Let me do it in a simple
+
+234
+00:17:42,680 --> 00:17:50,900
+way. My sister is not in Cairo, so I cannot meet
+
+235
+00:17:50,900 --> 00:17:57,070
+her there. Can you use... Okay, let me like use
+
+236
+00:17:57,070 --> 00:18:05,630
+this here She is not In 
+
+237
+00:18:05,630 --> 00:18:15,350
+Cairo, sorry. So 
+
+238
+00:18:15,350 --> 00:18:17,790
+we want 
+
+239
+00:18:23,630 --> 00:18:26,470
+It escapes me, you know? 
+
+240
+00:18:34,950 --> 00:18:46,310
+What's happening is not in Cairo, so we won't see
+
+241
+00:18:46,310 --> 00:18:47,050
+the pyramids.
+
+242
+00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:52,360
+Can you use F? 
+
+243
+00:18:56,280 --> 00:18:59,160
+Can you use F? Yes? 
+
+244
+00:19:01,880 --> 00:19:09,000
+Excellent. Yes. If she were in Cairo, we what?
+
+245
+00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:13,880
+Yes, excellent. If you know, if she were, it means
+
+246
+00:19:13,880 --> 00:19:19,020
+she's not. She's in Cairo. No, I mean, okay, let's
+
+247
+00:19:19,020 --> 00:19:23,660
+see. We are in the class. So we can understand the
+
+248
+00:19:23,660 --> 00:19:32,300
+lesson. Can you use F? If we were not in the 
+
+249
+00:19:32,300 --> 00:19:35,740
+class, it means we are in class. So I think
+
+250
+00:19:35,740 --> 00:19:39,220
+understanding the F sentence will help us to 
+
+251
+00:19:39,220 --> 00:19:42,800
+understand the poem. Let's go to the poem again 
+
+252
+00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:48,680
+and start. analyzing, explaining it, because, you
+
+253
+00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:52,820
+know, next time, I want you to see this poem as a 
+
+254
+00:19:52,820 --> 00:19:56,800
+parody. So before, like seeing this as a parody,
+
+255
+00:19:57,320 --> 00:20:00,120
+let's like understand it, you know, more and more.
+
+256
+00:20:04,900 --> 00:20:08,540
+You know, it starts, as you see, the poem starts.
+
+257
+00:20:12,340 --> 00:20:12,900
+Okay. 
+
+258
+00:20:22,910 --> 00:20:27,070
+It starts with F, if all the word and love were
+
+259
+00:20:27,070 --> 00:20:32,030
+young. So what does it mean? What does he want to 
+
+260
+00:20:32,030 --> 00:20:37,970
+say? What does he want to say? Yes? The word and
+
+261
+00:20:37,970 --> 00:20:41,710
+love are not enough. You know, the word and love,
+
+262
+00:20:41,890 --> 00:20:45,790
+like these things, which are earthly things, are 
+
+263
+00:20:45,790 --> 00:20:48,450
+not forever, are not immortal.
+
+264
+00:20:52,110 --> 00:20:56,130
+You know, they are old and what is old is going to 
+
+265
+00:20:56,130 --> 00:20:59,310
+decay. This is what he wants to say. If all the 
+
+266
+00:20:59,310 --> 00:21:04,950
+word and love were young and truth in every 
+
+267
+00:21:04,950 --> 00:21:08,190
+shepherd's tongue. So what does he want to say 
+
+268
+00:21:08,190 --> 00:21:12,630
+here? That the word and love are not enough and 
+
+269
+00:21:12,630 --> 00:21:17,820
+the shepherds are liars. Look, this is a slap. I 
+
+270
+00:21:17,820 --> 00:21:22,940
+saw a video, you know, like Raleigh and Marlow.
+
+271
+00:21:22,960 --> 00:21:25,140
+You can see it on the YouTube. He was slapping
+
+272
+00:21:25,140 --> 00:21:29,900
+him, you know, like this. Like, look here how he's 
+
+273
+00:21:29,900 --> 00:21:32,320
+slapping him. Like the word and love are not 
+
+274
+00:21:32,320 --> 00:21:38,020
+enough. And you are liars. You know, how come?
+
+275
+00:21:38,100 --> 00:21:42,150
+Like the shepherds are liars. I think some of you 
+
+276
+00:21:42,150 --> 00:21:48,130
+will start feeling sympathy for Marlow. It's okay.
+
+277
+00:21:48,230 --> 00:21:51,250
+That's why we don't want to take. Then these 
+
+278
+00:21:51,250 --> 00:21:54,910
+pretty pleasures might be moved to live with thee 
+
+279
+00:21:54,910 --> 00:21:59,470
+and be thy love. Now it's very important to see
+
+280
+00:21:59,470 --> 00:22:02,350
+who's talking because this is like according to
+
+281
+00:22:02,350 --> 00:22:07,830
+Raleigh, she is the lady. So as you see, the lady
+
+282
+00:22:07,830 --> 00:22:13,090
+here is what? Is she? Yeah. How would you describe
+
+283
+00:22:13,090 --> 00:22:19,210
+her attitude? Yes. Yeah. So she is convinced not 
+
+284
+00:22:19,210 --> 00:22:24,150
+to go and she seems to be, you know, she doesn't
+
+285
+00:22:24,150 --> 00:22:28,530
+believe. So she is what we call cynical. I like 
+
+286
+00:22:28,530 --> 00:22:32,530
+the word cynical means, you know, unwilling to go.
+
+287
+00:22:33,050 --> 00:22:35,390
+Cynical means suspicious. 
+
+288
+00:22:42,450 --> 00:22:48,310
+Yeah. She's cynical. She's skeptic.
+
+289
+00:22:57,290 --> 00:22:59,670
+Skeptic is written in two ways. You know, it could
+
+290
+00:22:59,670 --> 00:23:03,750
+be written with C as well. Okay. She's skeptic.
+
+291
+00:23:12,720 --> 00:23:17,000
+She doesn't believe what he says. If all the word
+
+292
+00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:21,720
+and love were young and truth in every shepherd's 
+
+293
+00:23:21,720 --> 00:23:28,520
+tongue, these pretty pleasures might me move to 
+
+294
+00:23:28,520 --> 00:23:32,160
+come with thee and thee, you know, and be thy 
+
+295
+00:23:32,160 --> 00:23:37,770
+love. So we see, like the lady here, is unwilling. 
+
+296
+00:23:38,570 --> 00:23:40,190
+She's reluctant. 
+
+297
+00:23:42,570 --> 00:23:46,490
+But you know why? You cannot refuse without
+
+298
+00:23:46,490 --> 00:23:50,530
+justifying,
+
+299
+00:23:50,670 --> 00:23:54,710
+without warranting like what you have just said. 
+
+300
+00:23:55,750 --> 00:24:04,390
+Time drives the flux from field to fold. Time. 
+
+301
+00:24:07,180 --> 00:24:11,040
+Time, we saw in Spencer, time and tide, you know? 
+
+302
+00:24:11,780 --> 00:24:17,020
+Time was metonymy or is metonymy of what? Death. 
+
+303
+00:24:18,100 --> 00:24:21,460
+Look at this image. It's a very frightening image, 
+
+304
+00:24:21,900 --> 00:24:30,240
+isn't it? Imagine time as being, you know, a power 
+
+305
+00:24:30,240 --> 00:24:36,030
+which sweeps everything you know, from flux, you
+
+306
+00:24:36,030 --> 00:24:42,070
+know, the flux from field to fold. So let's see if 
+
+307
+00:24:42,070 --> 00:24:46,450
+we accept that, you know, time is a metonymy of,
+
+308
+00:24:46,910 --> 00:24:52,330
+you know, time here is a metonymy of death. So
+
+309
+00:24:52,330 --> 00:24:58,030
+flux would be a metonymy of what? Of people. And 
+
+310
+00:24:58,030 --> 00:25:02,190
+field would be a metonymy of what? Okay, thank 
+
+311
+00:25:02,190 --> 00:25:10,210
+you. Yeah, I don't know. Yes. So time here, as we 
+
+312
+00:25:10,210 --> 00:25:15,650
+said, it's a metonymy of death, drives, like it's 
+
+313
+00:25:15,650 --> 00:25:21,510
+a verb, the flux. Metonymy of people, field, life, 
+
+314
+00:25:21,970 --> 00:25:28,870
+unfold, grave. Let's look at this line. Imagine 
+
+315
+00:25:28,870 --> 00:25:35,160
+life, imagine time, like a shepherd or like
+
+316
+00:25:35,160 --> 00:25:41,060
+somebody who's violent, driving the flux from
+
+317
+00:25:41,060 --> 00:25:45,400
+field to fold. Death is merciless. This is what he 
+
+318
+00:25:45,400 --> 00:25:50,560
+wants to say. Death drives the flux from field to
+
+319
+00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:55,200
+fold. Look at the cluster of consonants. How? 
+
+320
+00:25:56,620 --> 00:26:04,190
+Yeah. The time thrives. Look at the word thrives, 
+
+321
+00:26:04,470 --> 00:26:09,030
+you know, it's hard. You know, the choice of words 
+
+322
+00:26:09,030 --> 00:26:14,430
+do not show the smoothness of like we saw in 
+
+323
+00:26:14,430 --> 00:26:18,510
+Marlow. We don't see the melody. We don't see the 
+
+324
+00:26:18,510 --> 00:26:25,090
+soft tunes we saw in Marlow. Drives. Time drives
+
+325
+00:26:25,090 --> 00:26:31,630
+the flux, harshness. This harshness in like the 
+
+326
+00:26:31,630 --> 00:26:35,330
+sound is parallel to the harshness of life itself.
+
+327
+00:26:36,610 --> 00:26:43,510
+Time drives the flux from field to fold. Very sad
+
+328
+00:26:43,510 --> 00:26:47,940
+image. The F sound. It shows how it is 
+
+329
+00:26:47,940 --> 00:26:53,380
+frightening, how he is intimidated by this idea. 
+
+330
+00:26:53,500 --> 00:26:55,820
+This idea is very intimidating, very frightening. 
+
+331
+00:26:57,640 --> 00:27:02,660
+And then, when would this happen? When rivers rage
+
+332
+00:27:02,660 --> 00:27:08,560
+and rocks grow all cold. Reflect on this image
+
+333
+00:27:08,560 --> 00:27:13,370
+when rivers rage. It's an image which is similar.
+
+334
+00:27:13,830 --> 00:27:16,770
+Like this image is a biblical image, in fact. You
+
+335
+00:27:16,770 --> 00:27:19,410
+know, it's an image, you know, about the doomsday,
+
+336
+00:27:20,370 --> 00:27:25,810
+when like there will be flood, when rivers rage. I
+
+337
+00:27:25,810 --> 00:27:28,850
+mean, rivers, it's a metonymy of seas, rivers, 
+
+338
+00:27:29,150 --> 00:27:33,430
+oceans. When they rage, when they get angry, you 
+
+339
+00:27:33,430 --> 00:27:35,790
+know, this is a personal occasion. When rivers 
+
+340
+00:27:35,790 --> 00:27:44,300
+rage and rocks grow cold. A rock stands for
+
+341
+00:27:44,300 --> 00:27:54,200
+anything, you know, strong. But in this upheaval, 
+
+342
+00:27:54,840 --> 00:28:01,380
+in this change, in this upheaval, everything will
+
+343
+00:28:01,380 --> 00:28:07,840
+be upside down. When rivers rage and rocks grow,
+
+344
+00:28:08,200 --> 00:28:12,200
+look here, the air sound. It shows how harsh, how 
+
+345
+00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:16,220
+difficult. When rivers rage and rocks grow cold
+
+346
+00:28:16,220 --> 00:28:23,520
+and filament, and filament becomes damp. A
+
+347
+00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:25,740
+filament, what do you think? It's a methanol of 
+
+348
+00:28:25,740 --> 00:28:29,600
+what? Yes, thank you. It's a metonymy of the poet,
+
+349
+00:28:29,820 --> 00:28:33,220
+because a philomel is the one who sings. Now, what 
+
+350
+00:28:33,220 --> 00:28:36,700
+will happen to the philomel at this? It will die. 
+
+351
+00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:41,400
+It will be speechless. And philomel becomes dumb.
+
+352
+00:28:43,220 --> 00:28:48,180
+The rest complains of curse to come. Like the 
+
+353
+00:28:48,180 --> 00:28:55,130
+rest, those who were not touched, they would be 
+
+354
+00:28:55,130 --> 00:29:01,150
+waiting for more care to come. Very frightening.
+
+355
+00:29:03,890 --> 00:29:08,910
+Then, I mean, Raleigh started to look more closely 
+
+356
+00:29:08,910 --> 00:29:14,950
+at the poem and say, the flowers. Now with this,
+
+357
+00:29:15,670 --> 00:29:18,590
+in this reality, what will happen to the flowers?
+
+358
+00:29:19,790 --> 00:29:23,710
+The flowers do fade. Again, the F sound. Do fade.
+
+359
+00:29:25,330 --> 00:29:30,750
+And wanton feels, playful feels, to way where 
+
+360
+00:29:30,750 --> 00:29:40,250
+winter reckoning yields, like they will die. To
+
+361
+00:29:40,250 --> 00:29:44,850
+way where winter, way we're dying. You know, they 
+
+362
+00:29:44,850 --> 00:29:49,190
+will be dying. And look here, everything will be
+
+363
+00:29:49,190 --> 00:29:53,450
+reversed. A honey tongue, what will the honey 
+
+364
+00:29:53,450 --> 00:29:58,280
+tongue be? Yeah? A heart of gold. So things will 
+
+365
+00:29:58,280 --> 00:30:02,240
+be turned upside down. What is sweet will be 
+
+366
+00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:07,220
+bitter. You know? A honey tongue is a heart of
+
+367
+00:30:07,220 --> 00:30:12,260
+gold. It's fancy spring, but soon it's fall. So
+
+368
+00:30:12,260 --> 00:30:19,500
+the beauty of spring will be transformed into 
+
+369
+00:30:19,500 --> 00:30:22,780
+sorrow. This is like paraphrasing. 
+
+370
+00:30:26,310 --> 00:30:31,490
+Then what would happen to your promises? Thy 
+
+371
+00:30:31,490 --> 00:30:37,910
+gowns. Thy, not my. Look at her. This is very
+
+372
+00:30:37,910 --> 00:30:41,350
+significant. Thy. Look at the repetition. Thy 
+
+373
+00:30:41,350 --> 00:30:48,670
+gowns, thy shoes, thy bed of roses, thy cab, thy
+
+374
+00:30:48,670 --> 00:30:52,490
+kertil, and thy poses. So this repetition of thy, 
+
+375
+00:30:52,650 --> 00:30:57,330
+thy, Do you feel like when I say, thy gowns, thy 
+
+376
+00:30:57,330 --> 00:31:02,910
+shoes, thy bed of roses, thy cap? You know, it
+
+377
+00:31:02,910 --> 00:31:06,910
+creates a kind of monotony. What is monotony?
+
+378
+00:31:09,610 --> 00:31:14,570
+Monotony is a boring thing. It's monotonous, you 
+
+379
+00:31:14,570 --> 00:31:19,900
+know? Thy gowns, thy shoes, thy bed of roses, thy 
+
+380
+00:31:19,900 --> 00:31:24,280
+cap, thy cartel, and thy poses. Again using thy 
+
+381
+00:31:24,280 --> 00:31:30,810
+shows like The lady here, the nymph, is not 
+
+382
+00:31:30,810 --> 00:31:35,790
+interested at all. She wants to disengage herself, 
+
+383
+00:31:36,030 --> 00:31:40,530
+to disassociate herself from the whole, you know, 
+
+384
+00:31:40,930 --> 00:31:46,330
+promises. Thy gowns, thy shoes, thy bed of roses.
+
+385
+00:31:46,910 --> 00:31:51,470
+Look here, what was glittering, what was, you
+
+386
+00:31:51,470 --> 00:31:54,130
+know, a lovely promise, what was, you know, 
+
+387
+00:31:54,530 --> 00:32:01,140
+something golden. is losing its beauty now, is
+
+388
+00:32:01,140 --> 00:32:05,840
+losing its shininess. Thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy 
+
+389
+00:32:05,840 --> 00:32:12,140
+poses, soon break, soon wither, soon forgotten.
+
+390
+00:32:13,640 --> 00:32:16,000
+You know, look at the repetition of soon, soon, 
+
+391
+00:32:16,160 --> 00:32:22,160
+soon. You know, soon break, soon wither, soon
+
+392
+00:32:22,160 --> 00:32:26,230
+forgotten. Yeah, like when you say soon, soon,
+
+393
+00:32:26,330 --> 00:32:28,370
+what is like the repetition of the word soon?
+
+394
+00:32:29,770 --> 00:32:35,090
+Yeah, it reflects what? Yes. Life is short.
+
+395
+00:32:35,430 --> 00:32:37,930
+Excellent. You know, everything will come to an 
+
+396
+00:32:37,930 --> 00:32:43,810
+end. So death is inevitable, you know. Death is 
+
+397
+00:32:43,810 --> 00:32:46,790
+inevitable. It should come sooner or later. Soon
+
+398
+00:32:46,790 --> 00:32:52,670
+break, soon wither, soon forgotten, infuriated, in
+
+399
+00:32:52,670 --> 00:32:57,810
+season rotten. Everything will come to an end. And
+
+400
+00:32:57,810 --> 00:33:04,290
+then she continues, Thy belt of straw and ivy 
+
+401
+00:33:04,290 --> 00:33:04,690
+buds.
+
+402
+00:33:07,410 --> 00:33:10,370
+What will happen to thy belt of straws? Thy coral 
+
+403
+00:33:10,370 --> 00:33:16,040
+clasp and amber studs. with this new revelation, 
+
+404
+00:33:16,600 --> 00:33:22,000
+with this new reality. All these in me, no means 
+
+405
+00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:26,340
+can move. Look at her. No means, you know. She's
+
+406
+00:33:26,340 --> 00:33:31,960
+very adamant. She's very reluctant to come to Thee
+
+407
+00:33:31,960 --> 00:33:33,280
+and be Thy love. 
+
+408
+00:33:36,52
+
+445
+00:37:03,500 --> 00:37:09,920
+dramatist. Do you remember any play he wrote? Yes?
+
+446
+00:37:11,640 --> 00:37:17,550
+He wrote a couple of plays. The Jew of Malta, you
+
+447
+00:37:17,550 --> 00:37:22,400
+know? Dr. Faustus and *The* Jew of Malta. And they said,
+
+448
+00:37:23,040 --> 00:37:26,920
+had Marlowe lived longer, he would have surpassed
+
+449
+00:37:26,920 --> 00:37:30,220
+Shakespeare. I wish, like, you know, you would
+
+450
+00:37:30,220 --> 00:37:34,120
+have time to study *The* Jew of Malta or, you know,
+
+451
+00:37:34,220 --> 00:37:39,600
+Dr. Faustus. Yeah. So, like, just, like, look at
+
+452
+00:37:39,600 --> 00:37:42,480
+them, read, like, *The* Jew of Malta and see how,
+
+453
+00:37:43,120 --> 00:37:47,220
+you know, he was trying to show, like, the danger
+
+454
+00:37:47,220 --> 00:37:55,510
+of greed. He was an amazing writer. Okay. Now, the
+
+455
+00:37:55,510 --> 00:37:59,110
+parody, we're going to discuss it next time. But
+
+456
+00:37:59,110 --> 00:38:04,810
+if you like, I think here, we saw two poems. We
+
+457
+00:38:04,810 --> 00:38:08,010
+saw two poems with different themes, with
+
+458
+00:38:08,010 --> 00:38:11,270
+different tones, with different attitudes, with
+
+459
+00:38:11,270 --> 00:38:14,690
+different images, you know? The alliteration here
+
+460
+00:38:14,690 --> 00:38:17,690
+was different, like music. I mean, the music is
+
+461
+00:38:17,690 --> 00:38:21,170
+the same, but the context is different. And this
+
+462
+00:38:21,170 --> 00:38:23,470
+is what we discussed in the parody. So it is very
+
+463
+00:38:23,470 --> 00:38:27,490
+important, like, you start thinking how to compare
+
+464
+00:38:27,490 --> 00:38:32,910
+and to contrast. Okay? And this is what we have to
+
+465
+00:38:32,910 --> 00:38:37,610
+do next time, to compare and contrast. Do you have
+
+466
+00:38:37,610 --> 00:38:43,310
+any question? Okay. Do you have any questions?
+
+467
+00:38:44,170 --> 00:38:44,750
+Okay. 

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/9Xvdf8tapHA.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1544 @@
+
+1
+00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:18,580
+Who are you today? Good. Are you excited because
+
+2
+00:00:18,580 --> 00:00:22,060
+it's the beginning of the week? Why?
+
+3
+00:00:24,760 --> 00:00:30,240
+I know exams, midterm exams, but You should be
+
+4
+00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:35,340
+very careful. If you absent yourself because of
+
+5
+00:00:35,340 --> 00:00:38,800
+the midterm exam, you will be in trouble. I'm
+
+6
+00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:42,980
+telling you. So today, please take all the names
+
+7
+00:00:42,980 --> 00:00:47,200
+of those who are attending. See? Just pass a sheet
+
+8
+00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:51,780
+to take all the names. Because the midterms will
+
+9
+00:00:51,780 --> 00:00:55,820
+be given over more than a month. And we don't have
+
+10
+00:00:55,820 --> 00:00:59,540
+time to waste. The midterm should be given under
+
+11
+00:00:59,540 --> 00:01:04,860
+the pressure of the exams. So be careful, do not
+
+12
+00:01:04,860 --> 00:01:08,200
+absent yourself till the other people like to come
+
+13
+00:01:08,200 --> 00:01:15,040
+to class regularly. Good. So today as usual, we're
+
+14
+00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:20,920
+going to listen to one or two reports. After that,
+
+15
+00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:25,180
+we're going again to listen to a response or two.
+
+16
+00:01:26,550 --> 00:01:29,850
+And then I'll be asking you general questions about
+
+17
+00:01:29,850 --> 00:01:34,490
+your response to the poem. I mean, poem 65, which
+
+18
+00:01:34,490 --> 00:01:39,590
+I asked you to prepare. After that, we'll be
+
+19
+00:01:39,590 --> 00:01:47,270
+explaining the theme and perhaps certain aesthetic
+
+20
+00:01:47,270 --> 00:01:55,780
+elements in that poem. Okay? Good. Let's see. One
+
+21
+00:01:55,780 --> 00:01:57,340
+who is willing to report.
+
+22
+00:01:59,940 --> 00:02:05,300
+Yes? Who wants to read a report? Yes, please.
+
+23
+00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:18,200
+Say good morning, how are you? You should say
+
+24
+00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:23,980
+that, yes? Not last lecture. Go ahead. Last
+
+25
+00:02:23,980 --> 00:02:27,000
+lecture, the teacher came and started his lecture
+
+26
+00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:30,860
+by asking how we are doing. Then he asked how do
+
+27
+00:02:30,860 --> 00:02:34,160
+we feel, how do we feel, how do we feel, do we
+
+28
+00:02:34,160 --> 00:02:37,580
+find poetry. Then he asked us how we find poetry
+
+29
+00:02:37,580 --> 00:02:40,810
+because this is indirect question. Okay. Some
+
+30
+00:02:40,810 --> 00:02:43,730
+students answered positively and some negatively.
+
+31
+00:02:44,310 --> 00:02:47,050
+The teacher continued his lecture by talking about
+
+32
+00:02:47,050 --> 00:02:50,630
+Shakespeare's sonnet, Shall I Compare Thee to a
+
+33
+00:02:50,630 --> 00:02:53,530
+Summer's Day. He finished it and told us to write
+
+34
+00:02:53,530 --> 00:02:58,110
+a short paragraph about the theme of the poem, and
+
+35
+00:02:58,110 --> 00:03:00,990
+it must be ready next time. Anyway, last lecture
+
+36
+00:03:00,990 --> 00:03:04,480
+was interesting. Because the poem was for
+
+37
+00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:07,640
+Shakespeare and I like all his writings such as
+
+38
+00:03:07,640 --> 00:03:11,300
+plays and poetry He's good and he's a good writer
+
+39
+00:03:11,300 --> 00:03:14,080
+and skillful. I hope to have a skill like him.
+
+40
+00:03:14,140 --> 00:03:20,340
+Okay. Thank you very much. Yes, Yes, please come and
+
+41
+00:03:20,340 --> 00:03:29,080
+report, you you, yes. Okay. 
+
+42
+00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:35,270
+Just I'll see you later. What about you there? 
+
+43
+00:03:37,670 --> 00:03:42,270
+Okay. So, yes, you come.
+
+44
+00:03:46,810 --> 00:03:49,690
+Those who have reports, please bring it now here.
+
+45
+00:03:50,210 --> 00:03:53,990
+Okay? Bring it now. Those who have reports, all of
+
+46
+00:03:53,990 --> 00:03:56,570
+them, bring them here. The reports for the day.
+
+47
+00:03:57,530 --> 00:04:01,910
+Okay? Bring all your reports here today.
+
+48
+00:04:05,700 --> 00:04:09,060
+Just like, yes, okay. Sit down, sit down, sit
+
+49
+00:04:09,060 --> 00:04:12,580
+down. Now, later I'll take them. It was strange
+
+50
+00:04:12,580 --> 00:04:15,420
+when Dr. Akram asked for responses, not daily
+
+51
+00:04:15,420 --> 00:04:18,480
+reports, because it was the second lecture on the
+
+52
+00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:20,880
+poem. But the responses were nice because they
+
+53
+00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:23,900
+refreshed our minds about the poem. The teacher
+
+54
+00:04:23,900 --> 00:04:26,720
+read the poem in many different ways, and he asked
+
+55
+00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:28,900
+us to choose the most suitable reading for the
+
+56
+00:04:28,900 --> 00:04:31,640
+poem. He gave us a universal discussion for the
+
+57
+00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:34,140
+poem, including the theme, attitudes, and figures
+
+58
+00:04:34,140 --> 00:04:37,440
+of speech. The laughable thing which happened with
+
+59
+00:04:37,440 --> 00:04:40,600
+me many times that when I wanted to answer, the
+
+60
+00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:42,820
+teacher's phone rang. So I need to repeat my
+
+61
+00:04:42,820 --> 00:04:45,540
+answers many times. It was nice when Dr. Akram
+
+62
+00:04:45,540 --> 00:04:48,760
+postponed the time of exam and reflection, and at
+
+63
+00:04:48,760 --> 00:04:51,940
+the end of the class, he asked for the second
+
+64
+00:04:51,940 --> 00:04:54,400
+semester for Shakespeare to be prepared. Thank
+
+65
+00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:54,580
+you.
+
+66
+00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:02,800
+You know, in the class, like everybody should be
+
+67
+00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:08,030
+punctual. You see? When I say you have to write
+
+68
+00:05:08,030 --> 00:05:11,390
+reports, you have to write. Here you are coming
+
+69
+00:05:11,390 --> 00:05:14,030
+without writing reports, without writing response,
+
+70
+00:05:14,370 --> 00:05:18,110
+so you are not entitled to having the marks for
+
+71
+00:05:18,110 --> 00:05:20,450
+these activities.
+
+72
+00:05:23,650 --> 00:05:29,050
+Anyway, let's see now. Yes, I asked you to write a
+
+73
+00:05:29,050 --> 00:05:34,820
+paragraph about the theme of the power. So let's
+
+74
+00:05:34,820 --> 00:05:41,320
+see a theme. I want to read it myself. Yes, those
+
+75
+00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,820
+who prepared a theme. Yes, give me your theme,
+
+76
+00:05:44,960 --> 00:05:45,180
+please.
+
+77
+00:05:50,780 --> 00:05:55,420
+Just try to read it. Okay, read it. You are the
+
+78
+00:05:55,420 --> 00:05:58,200
+same student? Okay, she's lucky.
+
+79
+00:06:01,150 --> 00:06:03,590
+It's a nice poem for Shakespeare in which he wants
+
+80
+00:06:03,590 --> 00:06:05,910
+to express the theme of immortality.
+
+81
+00:06:10,470 --> 00:06:14,330
+He wants to express the immortality of his
+
+82
+00:06:14,330 --> 00:06:16,890
+friend's beauty through immortality of his poetry.
+
+83
+00:06:17,350 --> 00:06:20,010
+And to express his theme, he uses simple language
+
+84
+00:06:20,010 --> 00:06:22,250
+unsuitable to the course of his speech. Also, he
+
+85
+00:06:22,250 --> 00:06:27,650
+chooses a logical... Allegorical. Yes. So here, I
+
+86
+00:06:27,650 --> 00:06:30,570
+asked you to talk about the theme, but you started
+
+87
+00:06:30,570 --> 00:06:35,410
+to talk about the style. Yes, but they support the
+
+88
+00:06:35,410 --> 00:06:38,350
+theme. Okay, so you want to support the theme. But
+
+89
+00:06:38,350 --> 00:06:41,250
+could you tell me what is the theme in just a
+
+90
+00:06:41,250 --> 00:06:44,650
+couple of words? Immortality of his friend's
+
+91
+00:06:44,650 --> 00:06:48,210
+beauty through his poetry, power of poetry. Okay,
+
+92
+00:06:48,610 --> 00:06:51,010
+so this is like immortality of the beauty of his
+
+93
+00:06:51,010 --> 00:06:54,730
+friend through his poetry. Now, do you buy this?
+
+94
+00:06:54,850 --> 00:06:57,190
+Do you think that Shakespeare is trying to
+
+95
+00:06:57,190 --> 00:07:00,370
+immortalize the beauty of his friend through his
+
+96
+00:07:00,370 --> 00:07:04,540
+poetry? Or does Shakespeare like mean something
+
+97
+00:07:04,540 --> 00:07:04,940
+else?
+
+98
+00:07:08,060 --> 00:07:10,040
+Don't you think that Shakespeare wants to
+
+99
+00:07:10,040 --> 00:07:13,280
+immortalize himself? Yes.
+
+100
+00:07:18,380 --> 00:07:19,020
+Yes.
+
+101
+00:07:22,620 --> 00:07:26,480
+Okay. But do you remember what the last line, how
+
+102
+00:07:26,480 --> 00:07:31,460
+the last line, so long as men can breathe, so long
+
+103
+00:07:32,770 --> 00:07:39,110
+Live this, and this gives life to thee. So, like,
+
+104
+00:07:39,350 --> 00:07:43,750
+who's bragging here? He's bragging. Shakespeare is
+
+105
+00:07:43,750 --> 00:07:47,550
+bragging. Why is he bragging? Because his poetry
+
+106
+00:07:47,550 --> 00:07:53,350
+will remain immortal. So I think this line might
+
+107
+00:07:53,350 --> 00:07:57,210
+give us a twist about the real theme, which is,
+
+108
+00:07:57,550 --> 00:08:00,150
+you know, the immortality of Shakespeare's poetry.
+
+109
+00:08:01,290 --> 00:08:05,250
+Yes, he's trying to immortalize the beauty of his
+
+110
+00:08:05,250 --> 00:08:08,490
+friend. Yes, the summer of his friend will be
+
+111
+00:08:08,490 --> 00:08:12,710
+immortal, you know, through his poetry. But, you
+
+112
+00:08:12,710 --> 00:08:16,050
+know, in the couplet of this stanza, Shakespeare
+
+113
+00:08:16,050 --> 00:08:21,410
+is stressing, is bragging that his poetry will
+
+114
+00:08:21,410 --> 00:08:27,150
+last forever. Yes, okay? Yes. Yes, biological
+
+115
+00:08:27,150 --> 00:08:30,190
+organization of standards starting by comparing
+
+116
+00:08:30,190 --> 00:08:32,910
+between his friend and the summer's day till he
+
+117
+00:08:32,910 --> 00:08:35,130
+reached to the solution in the couplet. Yes, it is
+
+118
+00:08:35,130 --> 00:08:41,550
+good here to follow how Shakespeare comes to this
+
+119
+00:08:41,550 --> 00:08:45,530
+conclusion. I like it because it's an argument. So
+
+120
+00:08:45,530 --> 00:08:48,130
+in the first quatrain, what is he saying? In the
+
+121
+00:08:48,130 --> 00:08:50,830
+second quatrain, what is he saying? In the third
+
+122
+00:08:50,830 --> 00:08:54,330
+and in the couplet, he's concluding all the
+
+123
+00:08:54,330 --> 00:08:58,050
+argument. Do you remember what he said in the
+
+124
+00:08:58,050 --> 00:09:04,470
+first quatrain? In the first quatrain, I think he
+
+125
+00:09:04,470 --> 00:09:09,890
+declined to compare.
+
+126
+00:09:10,820 --> 00:09:16,580
+Then he started to enlist the reasons why he
+
+127
+00:09:16,580 --> 00:09:21,080
+wouldn't. You know, then in the third quatrain, he
+
+128
+00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:26,560
+started to pledge, to vow that she, that the
+
+129
+00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:29,920
+beauty of his friend will be immortal. And
+
+130
+00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:34,920
+finally, in the couplet, he said, how? See? So it
+
+131
+00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:37,520
+was very organized. Good. Thank you very much.
+
+132
+00:09:43,400 --> 00:09:46,940
+I know today we are approaching two poems, but I
+
+133
+00:09:46,940 --> 00:09:49,760
+see some students like little bit surprised
+
+134
+00:09:49,760 --> 00:09:52,540
+because they thought we're not doing this poem.
+
+135
+00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:59,060
+You know? I remember I told you like to prepare
+
+136
+00:09:59,060 --> 00:10:08,620
+the next sonnet, which is 65. Okay? Now, how did
+
+137
+00:10:08,620 --> 00:10:11,880
+you find like those who prepared? How did you find
+
+138
+00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:12,420
+the sonnet?
+
+139
+00:10:15,880 --> 00:10:25,520
+Yes, yes please it is a kind of it makes me so
+
+140
+00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:27,740
+frightened for the idea of mortality like
+
+141
+00:10:27,740 --> 00:10:30,600
+everything is going to end yes so you were
+
+142
+00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:37,440
+frightened, yeah, okay good, yes. I find it more close
+
+143
+00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:40,720
+to the last sonnet and if you want to assure in
+
+144
+00:10:40,720 --> 00:10:44,690
+power surround that he would be immortal by his
+
+145
+00:10:44,690 --> 00:10:47,670
+poetry. So I like the way you are connecting
+
+146
+00:10:47,670 --> 00:10:52,550
+between sonnet 18 and sonnet 65. Yes?
+
+147
+00:10:59,090 --> 00:11:05,310
+Okay, have you read the poem aloud? Have you read
+
+148
+00:11:05,310 --> 00:11:08,030
+the poem aloud? How was it like?
+
+149
+00:11:11,340 --> 00:11:12,040
+Too sad.
+
+150
+00:11:15,480 --> 00:11:16,300
+Okay,
+
+151
+00:11:18,540 --> 00:11:22,540
+I like it. The poet seems to be frustrated because
+
+152
+00:11:22,540 --> 00:11:23,200
+of?
+
+153
+00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:29,420
+Excellent. But did he remain frustrated?
+
+154
+00:11:37,880 --> 00:11:40,480
+Do you agree with her that the whole atmosphere of
+
+155
+00:11:40,480 --> 00:11:44,200
+the poem is gloomy? Okay.
+
+156
+00:11:48,060 --> 00:11:54,360
+What about this? Oh none, unless this miracle have
+
+157
+00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:59,100
+might, that in black ink my love may still shine
+
+158
+00:11:59,100 --> 00:12:02,920
+bright. What about this? You know? What about
+
+159
+00:12:02,920 --> 00:12:10,250
+this? Is he still? Yes? So it's okay, yeah, the
+
+160
+00:12:10,250 --> 00:12:13,870
+atmosphere of the poem is frightening, but you
+
+161
+00:12:13,870 --> 00:12:19,490
+know, the poem ends in a hopeful note. Yes?
+
+162
+00:12:25,390 --> 00:12:29,110
+So he's,
+
+163
+00:12:30,090 --> 00:12:32,390
+it is a recurrent theme, you know? It is the same
+
+164
+00:12:32,390 --> 00:12:33,330
+theme, you know?
+
+165
+00:12:40,060 --> 00:12:40,880
+Okay,
+
+166
+00:12:49,600 --> 00:12:53,760
+so it is, you know, a repeated theme, but the
+
+167
+00:12:53,760 --> 00:12:56,940
+question is Shakespeare repeating himself, you
+
+168
+00:12:56,940 --> 00:13:01,060
+know? Now, if yes, is he repeating in the same
+
+169
+00:13:01,060 --> 00:13:04,980
+form? Because sometimes you might say or you might
+
+170
+00:13:04,980 --> 00:13:09,280
+express the same idea by different ways. So if
+
+171
+00:13:09,280 --> 00:13:11,580
+Shakespeare is expressing his idea in the same
+
+172
+00:13:11,580 --> 00:13:15,120
+way, so he's boring and he's not worthy reading.
+
+173
+00:13:15,860 --> 00:13:19,680
+So I think it is a different image. But let's, you
+
+174
+00:13:19,680 --> 00:13:22,240
+know, I want, like, to read the poem aloud for
+
+175
+00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:25,740
+you. And after that, I'll be, like, giving you a
+
+176
+00:13:25,740 --> 00:13:32,880
+task. This task is just to try to categorize the
+
+177
+00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:38,560
+forces, I mean, all the forces that have to do
+
+178
+00:13:38,560 --> 00:13:40,520
+with the power or the elements that have to do
+
+179
+00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:44,740
+with power, and all the elements that have to do
+
+180
+00:13:44,740 --> 00:13:48,560
+with weakness. So we have strong elements and weak
+
+181
+00:13:48,560 --> 00:13:53,060
+elements. So I want you to enlist and to see what
+
+182
+00:13:53,060 --> 00:13:56,980
+is like feeble, what is weak, what is fragile, and
+
+183
+00:13:56,980 --> 00:14:00,120
+then what is strong, what is impregnable. Okay?
+
+184
+00:14:07,560 --> 00:14:14,660
+Since brass nor stone nor earth nor boundless sea,
+
+185
+00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:21,520
+but sad mortality oversways their power. How with
+
+186
+00:14:21,520 --> 00:14:26,360
+this rage shall a beauty hold a plea whose action
+
+187
+00:14:26,360 --> 00:14:31,460
+is no stronger than a flower? Or how shall
+
+188
+00:14:31,460 --> 00:14:35,780
+someone's honey breath hold out against the
+
+189
+00:14:35,780 --> 00:14:39,820
+reckless siege of battering days when rocks
+
+190
+00:14:39,820 --> 00:14:44,760
+impregnable are not so stout nor gates of steel so
+
+191
+00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:50,820
+strong but time decays oh fearful meditation oh
+
+192
+00:14:50,820 --> 00:14:54,660
+fearful meditation where alack shall times best
+
+193
+00:14:54,660 --> 00:14:59,640
+jewel from times just lighted Or what strong hand?
+
+194
+00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,540
+Or what strong hand can hold his swift foot back?
+
+195
+00:15:04,020 --> 00:15:09,300
+Or who his spool of beauty can forbid? Oh
+
+223
+00:17:55,880 --> 00:17:56,260
+Plea.
+
+224
+00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:03,520
+I don't think, yes, plea, it has to do with, you
+
+225
+00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:06,940
+know, plea. Because when you are having a plea,
+
+226
+00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:12,940
+you want to defend yourself. What else? What about
+
+227
+00:18:12,940 --> 00:18:19,540
+black ink? What is ink? Yeah, I know. Is it strong
+
+228
+00:18:19,540 --> 00:18:26,380
+or weak? Weak. Now somebody says no. If you are in
+
+229
+00:18:26,380 --> 00:18:28,440
+India and you say like this, it means you agree.
+
+230
+00:18:29,610 --> 00:18:33,930
+But you disagree, yes? Yes. So why? I think it has
+
+231
+00:18:33,930 --> 00:18:37,210
+to do with the strength. It has to do with the
+
+232
+00:18:37,210 --> 00:18:43,910
+strength. Power. Okay, yeah. Like why? I have no
+
+233
+00:18:43,910 --> 00:18:49,190
+idea. So why, you know? Maybe ink is there for
+
+234
+00:18:49,190 --> 00:18:54,890
+everything. So if we are looking at ink, because
+
+235
+00:18:54,890 --> 00:18:57,370
+you know, what is going to be written in black
+
+236
+00:18:57,370 --> 00:19:01,910
+ink, it is a metonymy of his poetry, so his poetry
+
+237
+00:19:01,910 --> 00:19:08,270
+here is going to surpass all these elements. Good.
+
+238
+00:19:09,250 --> 00:19:15,210
+I think before just going through the poem, let's
+
+239
+00:19:15,210 --> 00:19:20,640
+see here what is Being perceived as a source of
+
+240
+00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:26,660
+power and strength is proven to be like what?
+
+241
+00:19:26,840 --> 00:19:31,120
+Feeble, fragile. And what is fragile, like the
+
+242
+00:19:31,120 --> 00:19:35,200
+ink, which is feeble, is going to be very strong.
+
+243
+00:19:35,500 --> 00:19:39,320
+So we have a reversal of the code, you know? We
+
+244
+00:19:39,320 --> 00:19:42,560
+have a reversal in the semantic code of the words
+
+245
+00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:46,340
+themselves. I mean, they are reversed. What is
+
+246
+00:19:46,340 --> 00:19:50,880
+strong, what appears to be strong will be weak,
+
+247
+00:19:51,180 --> 00:19:54,660
+and what appears to be weak will be strong. So
+
+248
+00:19:54,660 --> 00:20:01,260
+this is a reversal. But now I think, you know, let
+
+249
+00:20:01,260 --> 00:20:09,020
+us see what is brass, like sometimes words are
+
+250
+00:20:09,020 --> 00:20:10,600
+associated with the meaning. What is brass
+
+251
+00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:17,350
+associated with? Since brass,stone and earth nor
+
+252
+00:20:17,350 --> 00:20:20,190
+boundless sea, but sad mortality overswathes their
+
+253
+00:20:20,190 --> 00:20:22,950
+power. So here you have a confrontation.
+
+254
+00:20:24,370 --> 00:20:27,390
+Shakespeare is giving us an image of
+
+255
+00:20:27,390 --> 00:20:30,830
+confrontation, you know, between what and what.
+
+256
+00:20:32,370 --> 00:20:39,190
+Sad mortality is doing what? Sweeps the power of
+
+257
+00:20:39,190 --> 00:20:47,310
+what? Brass? Stone? And boundless sea. Okay. And
+
+258
+00:20:47,310 --> 00:20:50,110
+now it's a battle. It's like a battle, yes? Do you
+
+259
+00:20:50,110 --> 00:20:58,150
+imagine how sad mortality is like very violent and
+
+260
+00:20:58,150 --> 00:21:02,690
+is doing what? Destroys everything. Since brass,
+
+261
+00:21:03,270 --> 00:21:07,930
+nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea, but sad
+
+262
+00:21:07,930 --> 00:21:11,650
+mortality oversways their power. So who's the
+
+263
+00:21:11,650 --> 00:21:12,370
+strongest here?
+
+264
+00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,340
+Yes, sad mortality. What is sad mortality? A
+
+265
+00:21:17,340 --> 00:21:22,320
+metonymy of? Death. Wow. So death is very
+
+266
+00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:26,000
+powerful. Death, which was bragging in the
+
+267
+00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:31,820
+previous stanza, is still now, you know, seen as a
+
+268
+00:21:31,820 --> 00:21:36,300
+very ruthless power which oversways everything,
+
+269
+00:21:36,720 --> 00:21:41,500
+like stones, brass, you know, earth, et cetera.
+
+270
+00:21:41,860 --> 00:21:46,310
+But let me go back to my question. The words brass
+
+271
+00:21:46,310 --> 00:21:49,030
+and stone are always associated with what?
+
+272
+00:21:50,830 --> 00:22:02,930
+Buildings? Buildings? Power? Why power? We use
+
+273
+00:22:02,930 --> 00:22:06,550
+metals. And sometimes like, do you know the Statue
+
+274
+00:22:06,550 --> 00:22:09,990
+of Liberty? What are statues? If you have been to
+
+275
+00:22:09,990 --> 00:22:13,910
+Cairo, you will see many statues. The statues are
+
+276
+00:22:13,910 --> 00:22:18,950
+made of what? Either brass, steel, copper, you
+
+277
+00:22:18,950 --> 00:22:24,090
+know, or stone. So because those things, I mean
+
+278
+00:22:24,090 --> 00:22:29,850
+brass, stone, were used in making up statues. So
+
+279
+00:22:29,850 --> 00:22:32,790
+they are linked with the idea of immortality. So
+
+280
+00:22:32,790 --> 00:22:39,690
+people have been using these elements in building
+
+281
+00:22:39,690 --> 00:22:44,850
+statues in order to defy Did you see the statue of
+
+282
+00:22:44,850 --> 00:22:48,610
+Gaddafi? Did you see his head, which was made of
+
+283
+00:22:48,610 --> 00:22:58,090
+gold? Yeah. So Gaddafi thought that this statue
+
+284
+00:22:58,090 --> 00:23:05,080
+will immortalize him. But he was mistaken. because
+
+285
+00:23:05,080 --> 00:23:09,260
+death was more powerful. So Shakespeare realized
+
+286
+00:23:09,260 --> 00:23:13,360
+that death was more powerful than all those
+
+287
+00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:19,460
+elements, since brass nor stone, like it is, you
+
+288
+00:23:19,460 --> 00:23:22,980
+know, an assumption. Shakespeare assumes that all
+
+289
+00:23:22,980 --> 00:23:27,780
+these powerful things will be weak, feeble, you
+
+290
+00:23:27,780 --> 00:23:33,600
+know, in the face of sad mortality. And then, how
+
+291
+00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:37,240
+with this rage shall beauty hold a plea? So
+
+292
+00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:41,780
+Shakespeare is asking a question. This poem is
+
+293
+00:23:41,780 --> 00:23:46,120
+full of rhetorical questions. You know what I
+
+294
+00:23:46,120 --> 00:23:49,420
+mean? Rhetorical questions. Questions that do not
+
+295
+00:23:49,420 --> 00:23:52,660
+need answers.
+
+296
+00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:55,400
+How many questions do we have? I want you to look
+
+297
+00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:58,040
+at the poem and tell me how many questions do we
+
+298
+00:23:58,040 --> 00:23:59,880
+have. Look here.
+
+299
+00:24:03,060 --> 00:24:10,260
+How with this rage? Five equations. Or how? Let's
+
+300
+00:24:10,260 --> 00:24:12,740
+see one. How with this rage shall beauty hold a
+
+301
+00:24:12,740 --> 00:24:13,660
+plea? One.
+
+302
+00:24:16,780 --> 00:24:19,140
+Whose action is no stronger than a flower?
+
+303
+00:24:21,900 --> 00:24:27,610
+Or how shall summer's honey breath hold out? Okay?
+
+304
+00:24:29,430 --> 00:24:30,070
+You know?
+
+305
+00:24:33,370 --> 00:24:38,650
+No, no, no. It's like here, look here. Yes, we
+
+306
+00:24:38,650 --> 00:24:41,990
+have five questions. This is the first question.
+
+307
+00:24:42,590 --> 00:24:45,870
+How with this trade shall beauty hold a plea? This
+
+308
+00:24:45,870 --> 00:24:50,290
+is whose action is relatively close. It is not a
+
+309
+00:24:50,290 --> 00:24:53,970
+question. This is question number two. How shall
+
+310
+00:24:53,970 --> 00:24:57,920
+summer's honey breath hold out? Against the
+
+311
+00:24:57,920 --> 00:25:00,180
+reckful siege of battering day, these are not
+
+312
+00:25:00,180 --> 00:25:03,220
+questions, where rocks impregnable are not stouts
+
+313
+00:25:03,220 --> 00:25:08,060
+nor gates of steel so strong, but time decays. O
+
+314
+00:25:08,060 --> 00:25:11,240
+fearful meditation, what a lack! This is like the
+
+315
+00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:14,600
+third question. Shall time's best jewel from
+
+316
+00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:18,400
+time's chest lie head? Or what strong hand? Like
+
+317
+00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:21,980
+the fourth question. Or who? The fifth question.
+
+318
+00:25:22,340 --> 00:25:27,620
+So we have five rhetorical questions. So these
+
+319
+00:25:27,620 --> 00:25:31,620
+questions like, what is he asking in these
+
+320
+00:25:31,620 --> 00:25:35,780
+questions? In these questions, like these
+
+321
+00:25:35,780 --> 00:25:38,140
+questions, he's asking them, yes?
+
+322
+00:25:41,020 --> 00:25:50,620
+So he was wondering about the power, about, you
+
+323
+00:25:50,620 --> 00:25:56,150
+know, the powerful thing that would deter the
+
+324
+00:25:56,150 --> 00:25:59,910
+ravages of death. You know what's with deter? Like
+
+325
+00:25:59,910 --> 00:26:11,450
+repulse. You know? To deter. So he
+
+326
+00:26:11,450 --> 00:26:15,170
+was looking all the time. He was asking. Now this
+
+327
+00:26:15,170 --> 00:26:19,230
+poem, because you know Shakespeare was a
+
+328
+00:26:19,230 --> 00:26:23,450
+playwright. He was writing for plays. So this
+
+329
+00:26:23,450 --> 00:26:29,610
+poem, It should be read aloud because it is very
+
+330
+00:26:29,610 --> 00:26:34,190
+effective because of the rhetorical question. So
+
+331
+00:26:34,190 --> 00:26:41,790
+if you read it on the stage, it should sound like
+
+332
+00:26:41,790 --> 00:26:45,410
+somebody who's, you know, there is drama in it.
+
+333
+00:26:45,670 --> 00:26:49,210
+There is drama in it. So let's listen to the poem
+
+334
+00:26:49,210 --> 00:26:51,530
+read
+
+335
+00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:57,200
+by or recited by a native speaker and see how it's
+
+336
+00:26:57,200 --> 00:26:57,980
+going to be like.
+
+337
+00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:04,920
+Summit 65.
+
+338
+00:27:07,700 --> 00:27:12,520
+With brass, no stone, no earth, no boundless sea,
+
+339
+00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:17,680
+that sad mortality outweighs their power. How with
+
+340
+00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:22,360
+this rage shall beauty hold a plea? Whose action
+
+341
+00:27:22,360 --> 00:27:26,780
+is there stronger than a flower? O, how shall
+
+342
+00:27:26,780 --> 00:27:29,280
+summer's honeyed breath hold out Against the
+
+343
+00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:33,000
+workful siege of battering days, When locks
+
+344
+00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:36,960
+impregnable are not so stout, Nor gates of steel
+
+345
+00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:40,760
+so strong, but time decays?
+
+346
+00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:48,100
+O fearful meditation! Where on heck shall time's
+
+347
+00:27:48,100 --> 00:27:52,210
+best jewel From time's chest lie hid? Oh, what
+
+348
+00:27:52,210 --> 00:27:56,230
+strong hand can hold his swift foot back? Oh,
+
+349
+00:27:56,310 --> 00:28:01,350
+cruelly spoiled beauty can forbid? Oh, none,
+
+350
+00:28:02,410 --> 00:28:07,910
+unless this miracle have might, that in black ink
+
+351
+00:28:07,910 --> 00:28:14,590
+my love may still shine bright. Wow. So I think,
+
+352
+00:28:14,650 --> 00:28:17,010
+you know, as you see Shakespeare is very
+
+353
+00:28:17,010 --> 00:28:21,320
+confident. So Shakespeare is very confident that
+
+354
+00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:31,400
+his poetry will be immortal. Yes. If you want, you
+
+355
+00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:34,960
+can recite it better than the native speaker. You
+
+356
+00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:42,920
+can. But as you see, Shakespeare lived
+
+357
+00:28:42,920 --> 00:28:47,000
+the dilemma. There was a dilemma. You know what's
+
+358
+00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:50,240
+been the dilemma? Like death. The dilemma was like
+
+359
+00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:56,020
+death was leaving nothing. But what is interesting
+
+360
+00:28:56,020 --> 00:29:01,360
+here, look at each stanza, what he's doing. In the
+
+361
+00:29:01,360 --> 00:29:07,040
+first stanza, summer's
+
+362
+00:29:07,040 --> 00:29:13,580
+honey or the beauty of his friend is seen in the
+
+363
+00:29:13,580 --> 00:29:18,070
+face of time like what? Like, how shall summer's
+
+364
+00:29:18,070 --> 00:29:20,970
+honey, which is a metonymy of the beauty of his
+
+365
+00:29:20,970 --> 00:29:29,090
+friend, you know, hold out against what? Against,
+
+366
+00:29:29,270 --> 00:29:32,630
+sorry, let's go to the poem. The first, I mean.
+
+367
+00:29:33,590 --> 00:29:39,350
+Here, sad mortality, you know, and the beauty of
+
+368
+00:29:39,350 --> 00:29:42,950
+his friend. How with a straight shall beauty hold
+
+369
+00:29:42,950 --> 00:29:46,070
+a plea, whose action is no stronger than a flower?
+
+370
+00:29:46,490 --> 00:29:51,390
+So the beauty of his friend is like what? A
+
+371
+00:29:51,390 --> 00:29:55,790
+defendant, a helpless defendant in the court,
+
+372
+00:29:56,470 --> 00:30:05,730
+who's trying to justify, to explain. But as you
+
+373
+00:30:05,730 --> 00:30:09,110
+see, it can do nothing. How with a straight shall
+
+374
+00:30:09,110 --> 00:30:13,780
+beauty hold a plea? defend itself. So it's a court
+
+375
+00:30:13,780 --> 00:30:19,860
+scene where the defendant is very weak and the
+
+376
+00:30:19,860 --> 00:30:26,580
+defendant is trying to defend itself. Then, again,
+
+377
+00:30:27,800 --> 00:30:32,860
+the image or the same idea is repeated but in a
+
+378
+00:30:32,860 --> 00:30:38,040
+different image. The image Or, how shall someone's
+
+379
+00:30:38,040 --> 00:30:41,740
+honey breath hold out against the wrickful siege
+
+380
+00:30:41,740 --> 00:30:46,320
+of battering days? Here, I think all of us know
+
+381
+00:30:46,320 --> 00:30:49,600
+what siege means. You know siege? Or should I
+
+382
+00:30:49,600 --> 00:30:55,470
+explain it? So, is siege tough? We, like
+
+383
+00:30:55,470 --> 00:30:58,850
+Palestinians, know what is the siege, how the
+
+384
+00:30:58,850 --> 00:31:05,110
+siege is tough. We've been living in siege or
+
+385
+00:31:05,110 --> 00:31:10,750
+under the siege for almost five years. It was very
+
+386
+00:31:10,750 --> 00:31:16,430
+unjust siege. And you see, the siege means you
+
+387
+00:31:16,430 --> 00:31:19,770
+cannot go anywhere. You cannot go anywhere. But
+
+388
+00:31:19,770 --> 00:31:22,770
+here, if you just look at this image, the siege,
+
+389
+00:31:24,920 --> 00:31:29,500
+And here, Samarzani, or the beauty of Samarzani is
+
+390
+00:31:29,500 --> 00:31:35,680
+here. Like a man, imagine, and it is not only a
+
+391
+00:31:35,680 --> 00:31:38,540
+siege, but there are, you know, some guards who
+
+392
+00:31:38,540 --> 00:31:44,780
+are, there are some soldiers who are imposing this
+
+393
+00:31:44,780 --> 00:31:47,800
+siege. Who are these soldiers? And what they are
+
+394
+00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:52,720
+carrying? If you look, they are soldiers who are
+
+395
+00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:57,170
+carrying They are battering days, you know,
+
+396
+00:31:58,510 --> 00:32:03,110
+against the requisite of battering days. So the
+
+397
+00:32:03,110 --> 00:32:07,150
+days, the days of time, of course, are like
+
+398
+00:32:07,150 --> 00:32:14,990
+soldiers who are holding what? Big hammers, very
+
+399
+00:32:14,990 --> 00:32:20,390
+huge hammers. You know, imagine like you'll go
+
+400
+00:32:20,390 --> 00:32:25,670
+crazy. This is like very frightening. My God, what
+
+401
+00:32:25,670 --> 00:32:32,030
+about this fragile? What will it do? Nothing. And
+
+402
+00:32:32,030 --> 00:32:38,790
+then, you know, again,
+
+403
+00:32:38,890 --> 00:32:40,590
+you know, the same thing.
+
+404
+00:32:43,850 --> 00:32:50,390
+Time is seen like a very powerful Giant with a big
+
+405
+00:32:50,390 --> 00:32:53,590
+head, you know, with a huge thought which is
+
+406
+00:32:53,590 --> 00:32:58,690
+kicking, you know, like, you know, the beauty of
+
+407
+00:32:58,690 --> 00:33:02,610
+his friend. So don't you think these meditations
+
+408
+00:33:02,610 --> 00:33:07,530
+were frightening meditations? So here he says, oh,
+
+409
+00:33:07,610 --> 00:33:13,970
+for fearful meditation, where I lack. I think it's
+
+410
+00:33:13,970 --> 00:33:17,270
+a very frightening thing. But Shakespeare
+
+411
+00:33:17,270 --> 00:33:25,490
+succeeded in overcoming this by saying, oh none.
+
+412
+00:33:26,450 --> 00:33:30,450
+So in all these things, he was looking for a power
+
+413
+00:33:30,450 --> 00:33:35,550
+which would deter. Oh none, unless

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/HUpZDJ_4-pM_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,752 @@
+1
+00:00:11,100 --> 00:00:16,160
+Good morning everybody. Are you done with the
+
+2
+00:00:16,160 --> 00:00:20,440
+quiz? I know today's class is exceptional. It is
+
+3
+00:00:20,440 --> 00:00:24,300
+very short. Because we started like by doing the
+
+4
+00:00:24,300 --> 00:00:28,100
+quiz, calling your names. The quiz is like two
+
+5
+00:00:28,100 --> 00:00:32,640
+marks. It will be added to your midterm. So
+
+6
+00:00:32,640 --> 00:00:36,120
+hopefully it will improve your midterm exam. Now
+
+7
+00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:40,340
+we don't want to let this chance go without
+
+8
+00:00:40,340 --> 00:00:44,300
+videotaping the class. So today we are having
+
+9
+00:00:44,300 --> 00:00:47,160
+Jehan Farrah. She's going to take over. And she's
+
+10
+00:00:47,160 --> 00:00:51,060
+going to give a short presentation about the
+
+11
+00:00:51,060 --> 00:00:57,090
+stylistic analysis of the accent. Good, go ahead.
+
+12
+00:00:57,250 --> 00:00:59,670
+Okay, I'm not going to do anything new really. I'm
+
+13
+00:00:59,670 --> 00:01:03,010
+just going to do them quite like, just like a sum
+
+14
+00:01:03,010 --> 00:01:08,490
+up of what we discussed in the previous class. So,
+
+15
+00:01:08,870 --> 00:01:12,570
+the oxen, I don't know, we read it before, so I'll
+
+16
+00:01:12,570 --> 00:01:15,530
+make you listen. After we're done, you can listen
+
+17
+00:01:15,530 --> 00:01:19,010
+to the Christmas Carol, the oxen itself. Okay,
+
+18
+00:01:19,090 --> 00:01:25,860
+first of all, we said that in the In the poem, you
+
+19
+00:01:25,860 --> 00:01:29,880
+have a difference between like the poet separated
+
+20
+00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:32,960
+between the time of the first two stanzas and the
+
+21
+00:01:32,960 --> 00:01:36,900
+last two stanzas by saying first he used then and
+
+22
+00:01:36,900 --> 00:01:39,820
+then he used in these years. So then what does it
+
+23
+00:01:39,820 --> 00:01:42,280
+signify? It signifies the patterns of life back
+
+24
+00:01:42,280 --> 00:01:44,300
+then and the ritual supports of the community.
+
+25
+00:01:44,600 --> 00:01:47,660
+Like everything was like the two stanzas
+
+26
+00:01:47,660 --> 00:01:51,850
+completely had like this coherent idea of
+
+27
+00:01:51,850 --> 00:01:55,070
+spirituality and community and stuff like that.
+
+28
+00:01:55,350 --> 00:01:58,190
+But then in these years, you find a lot of
+
+29
+00:01:58,190 --> 00:02:01,010
+skepticism, a lot of doubts, a lot of things that
+
+30
+00:02:01,010 --> 00:02:03,730
+are reflected in the stylistic devices that are
+
+31
+00:02:03,730 --> 00:02:06,270
+used that we're going to discuss further on. And
+
+32
+00:02:06,270 --> 00:02:08,430
+you see that the language itself had stylistic
+
+33
+00:02:08,430 --> 00:02:10,490
+contrast, like the language in the first two
+
+34
+00:02:10,490 --> 00:02:13,870
+stanzas were contrasting blatantly with the last
+
+35
+00:02:13,870 --> 00:02:17,870
+two stanzas. So you mean the language, like the
+
+36
+00:02:17,870 --> 00:02:20,490
+lexical choices? Yeah, we're going to go back to
+
+37
+00:02:20,490 --> 00:02:26,030
+it. First stylistic contrast was the tense. Like
+
+38
+00:02:26,030 --> 00:02:28,030
+you see that he drew a parallel. All these
+
+39
+00:02:28,030 --> 00:02:32,730
+stylistic devices he used are drawing like a
+
+40
+00:02:32,730 --> 00:02:35,470
+parallel or a parallelism or sort of contrast
+
+41
+00:02:35,470 --> 00:02:37,510
+between the first two stanzas and the last two
+
+42
+00:02:37,510 --> 00:02:40,810
+stanzas. The first one was the tense. You find
+
+43
+00:02:40,810 --> 00:02:43,530
+that in the first two stanzas, The tense he used
+
+44
+00:02:43,530 --> 00:02:46,450
+was in the past tense. And then in the second, he
+
+45
+00:02:46,450 --> 00:02:50,710
+used the present tense. Like here you see he's
+
+46
+00:02:50,710 --> 00:02:58,330
+said, like an elder said, dwelt, all these dead,
+
+47
+00:02:58,930 --> 00:03:01,250
+all of these were in the past tense. But then he
+
+48
+00:03:01,250 --> 00:03:06,860
+comes here and he goes, I feel, et cetera. So he
+
+49
+00:03:06,860 --> 00:03:10,160
+uses the present tense afterwards. So what? So we,
+
+50
+00:03:10,380 --> 00:03:12,940
+we see that he's drawing a contrast between
+
+51
+00:03:12,940 --> 00:03:15,020
+before. Yeah, but like, so what? Like, we have to
+
+52
+00:03:15,020 --> 00:03:16,960
+give meaning to this. Yeah. When we're talking
+
+53
+00:03:16,960 --> 00:03:19,500
+about, you know, the past which happened and
+
+54
+00:03:19,500 --> 00:03:21,700
+finished. Yeah. So it's over. It's over. We are no
+
+55
+00:03:21,700 --> 00:03:24,300
+longer under the pressure of time. Of the time.
+
+56
+00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:28,140
+You know, it is done. It is behind. But here, it
+
+57
+00:03:28,140 --> 00:03:30,440
+feels like we are under the pressure of time.
+
+58
+00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:33,380
+Yeah. We feel, we still have. I feel. We have to
+
+59
+00:03:33,380 --> 00:03:36,640
+suffer. You see what I mean? And then after that,
+
+60
+00:03:36,720 --> 00:03:39,060
+we talked about the modal verbs. First of all, we
+
+61
+00:03:39,060 --> 00:03:42,860
+said, what do they signify? We have the fact that
+
+62
+00:03:42,860 --> 00:03:45,580
+they reflect greater uncertainty because they're
+
+63
+00:03:45,580 --> 00:03:48,100
+not like certain verbs. They actually give
+
+64
+00:03:48,100 --> 00:03:51,260
+uncertainty to the words you're saying. And they
+
+65
+00:03:51,260 --> 00:03:54,000
+signal subjective orientation towards the events
+
+66
+00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:56,460
+or the actions that are happening. So in the
+
+67
+00:03:56,460 --> 00:03:59,740
+second, he didn't use any modal verbs in the first
+
+68
+00:03:59,740 --> 00:04:02,240
+two stanzas. which give you the impression that
+
+69
+00:04:02,240 --> 00:04:04,220
+everything was certain they believed in everything
+
+70
+00:04:04,220 --> 00:04:06,700
+that was said but then he moved in the last two
+
+71
+00:04:06,700 --> 00:04:09,820
+stanzas he used would should and might and those
+
+72
+00:04:09,820 --> 00:04:12,260
+are modal verbs so in the second stanzas it
+
+73
+00:04:12,260 --> 00:04:15,140
+reflects the complexity and the more skeptical
+
+74
+00:04:15,140 --> 00:04:17,140
+attitude towards things
+
+75
+00:04:23,250 --> 00:04:27,610
+It's like I, okay. The close structure, we talked
+
+76
+00:04:27,610 --> 00:04:30,990
+about the shift from a simple structure to a more
+
+77
+00:04:30,990 --> 00:04:33,390
+complex structure. Like at the beginning you see
+
+78
+00:04:33,390 --> 00:04:37,010
+just main closes, like there is like a subordinate
+
+79
+00:04:37,010 --> 00:04:40,330
+close between, but as you carry on, as you move on
+
+80
+00:04:40,330 --> 00:04:42,810
+in the poem, you see that he actually started
+
+81
+00:04:42,810 --> 00:04:46,640
+using like defining closes and Like the structure
+
+82
+00:04:46,640 --> 00:04:48,700
+itself became more complex to reflect the
+
+83
+00:04:48,700 --> 00:04:52,920
+complexity of the attitude of the nowadays. So
+
+84
+00:04:52,920 --> 00:04:55,240
+there is parallelism. This is what she wants to
+
+85
+00:04:55,240 --> 00:04:58,040
+say. There is parallelism between the complexity
+
+86
+00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:01,960
+of syntax and the complexity of models. of the
+
+87
+00:05:01,960 --> 00:05:04,740
+meaning he wanted to give. And then the pronouns.
+
+88
+00:05:05,120 --> 00:05:07,640
+The pronouns, we talked about the we versus the I.
+
+89
+00:05:07,740 --> 00:05:10,640
+At the beginning, he talked about we, he said we.
+
+90
+00:05:11,320 --> 00:05:14,980
+And then, like here, we pictured. So he's using
+
+91
+00:05:14,980 --> 00:05:18,400
+the collective, like he's reflecting the
+
+92
+00:05:18,400 --> 00:05:21,660
+community. But then he moved on to say I, I feel,
+
+93
+00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:25,580
+I should go. So this is reflecting the nowadays
+
+94
+00:05:25,580 --> 00:05:29,380
+more individuality. So there is separation between
+
+95
+00:05:29,380 --> 00:05:34,480
+the, community and individualism. And then you see
+
+96
+00:05:34,480 --> 00:05:37,620
+the points of reference it further illustrates the
+
+97
+00:05:37,620 --> 00:05:39,780
+same point which is for example at the beginning
+
+98
+00:05:39,780 --> 00:05:42,420
+he used elder and then in the second two stances
+
+99
+00:05:42,420 --> 00:05:46,300
+he used someone and this reflects also at the
+
+100
+00:05:46,300 --> 00:05:48,460
+beginning like they knew there is an elder
+
+101
+00:05:48,460 --> 00:05:51,180
+everyone believed in the wisdom of the elder
+
+102
+00:05:51,180 --> 00:05:53,760
+everyone believed in this and it was a community
+
+103
+00:05:53,760 --> 00:05:56,520
+and then he moved to someone there's more doubts
+
+104
+00:05:56,520 --> 00:06:04,700
+more skepticism if you may. Yeah, yeah And also
+
+105
+00:06:04,700 --> 00:06:08,800
+here you see like the word yonder, he signified,
+
+106
+00:06:08,920 --> 00:06:12,020
+like he said, come and then yonder. But then in
+
+107
+00:06:12,020 --> 00:06:15,900
+the second later, he went like at the beginning,
+
+108
+00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:18,700
+there's like childhood. It wasn't something
+
+109
+00:06:18,700 --> 00:06:23,580
+specific. So it's more vague, more general. So as
+
+110
+00:06:23,580 --> 00:06:26,440
+you move on, there's more particular, like they
+
+111
+00:06:26,440 --> 00:06:28,980
+pay attention to more particular things. At the
+
+112
+00:06:28,980 --> 00:06:30,620
+beginning, they used to take things for granted.
+
+113
+00:06:32,730 --> 00:06:35,490
+It lacks clarity, it lacks any vein, you know?
+
+114
+00:06:36,130 --> 00:06:39,010
+Yeah, so this is basically what I wanted to say.
+
+115
+00:06:39,250 --> 00:06:42,990
+And you can add also like the lexical choices.
+
+116
+00:06:43,250 --> 00:06:47,950
+Yeah, for example here, like he put hard side and
+
+117
+00:06:47,950 --> 00:06:53,200
+he put childhood, but then he used gloom. Do you
+
+118
+00:06:53,200 --> 00:06:57,640
+mean meek, mild, creatures, flock? All these words
+
+119
+00:06:57,640 --> 00:07:01,140
+have positive connotations. But if you go to
+
+120
+00:07:01,140 --> 00:07:04,880
+gloom, goo, and even like, the sound itself is
+
+121
+00:07:04,880 --> 00:07:08,880
+like, not very musical. But there is one thing,
+
+122
+00:07:08,920 --> 00:07:11,880
+you know, I want all of you to think about. Now,
+
+123
+00:07:11,940 --> 00:07:15,840
+yes, the two, the first two stanzas sharply
+
+124
+00:07:15,840 --> 00:07:19,810
+contrast with the second two stanzas. However,
+
+125
+00:07:19,810 --> 00:07:22,350
+there is something I noticed in the poem, and I'm
+
+126
+00:07:22,350 --> 00:07:25,590
+not sure. Like you have the rhyme, it's perfect
+
+127
+00:07:25,590 --> 00:07:29,010
+rhyme. You see what I mean? There's a couple,
+
+128
+00:07:29,190 --> 00:07:32,310
+couplets. What does it mean? Can you give meaning
+
+129
+00:07:32,310 --> 00:07:36,850
+to this? Now, you have here two words, two
+
+130
+00:07:36,850 --> 00:07:40,210
+contrasting words. But when it comes to the rhyme,
+
+131
+00:07:40,610 --> 00:07:44,750
+you know, it is perfect. It is regular. So here,
+
+132
+00:07:45,370 --> 00:07:50,260
+now if I were him, I would Use like I rhyme,
+
+133
+00:07:50,460 --> 00:07:54,340
+imperfect rhyme, in order to parallel this word,
+
+134
+00:07:54,700 --> 00:08:00,140
+but hardly, you know, just like give us this. Yes.
+
+135
+00:08:02,840 --> 00:08:06,620
+Everything will be okay and that's even if there
+
+136
+00:08:06,620 --> 00:08:09,200
+is some complications. So do you want to say that
+
+137
+00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:12,540
+he wants to give some hope? Yes. Okay, good. Thank
+
+138
+00:08:12,540 --> 00:08:15,220
+you. It's a good, I haven't thought about this.
+
+139
+00:08:15,440 --> 00:08:18,420
+Yes? Maybe he was affected by the last days or the
+
+140
+00:08:18,420 --> 00:08:21,880
+last. Yeah, he's still like affected by like. He's
+
+141
+00:08:21,880 --> 00:08:24,280
+recalling. He has some, you know, something to
+
+142
+00:08:24,280 --> 00:08:29,880
+offer like good. Perhaps, yes. Sir, maybe, I don't
+
+143
+00:08:29,880 --> 00:08:33,140
+know, it could be wrong, but maybe he like, he
+
+144
+00:08:33,140 --> 00:08:36,020
+feels like we didn't really feel this change, like
+
+145
+00:08:36,020 --> 00:08:38,800
+during the days, like it passed on really quickly
+
+146
+00:08:38,800 --> 00:08:41,780
+that we didn't feel it, so it felt to us it's like
+
+147
+00:08:41,780 --> 00:08:44,500
+it's happening very eventual, it's happening
+
+148
+00:08:44,500 --> 00:08:50,100
+very... Yes, it's a good idea. More, why? This is
+
+149
+00:08:50,100 --> 00:08:52,400
+a good question, you know, this is a good exam
+
+150
+00:08:52,400 --> 00:08:55,890
+question. Okay, I don't want to ask you difficult
+
+151
+00:08:55,890 --> 00:09:00,670
+questions like this. Okay, it's easy. Look here. I
+
+152
+00:09:00,670 --> 00:09:05,530
+think Hardy, you know, as a poet, the poet works
+
+153
+00:09:05,530 --> 00:09:08,210
+with rhyme, rhythm, you know? And here, you know,
+
+154
+00:09:08,270 --> 00:09:13,510
+just like putting perfect rhyme now is an
+
+155
+00:09:13,510 --> 00:09:17,110
+indication that he himself doesn't point himself
+
+156
+00:09:17,110 --> 00:09:21,030
+to either words. He's ambivalent. you don't he
+
+157
+00:09:21,030 --> 00:09:24,310
+doesn't show his attitude he doesn't commit
+
+158
+00:09:24,310 --> 00:09:29,890
+himself to either of these words to the past or to
+
+159
+00:09:29,890 --> 00:09:35,370
+the present so himself like he is like not showing
+
+160
+00:09:35,370 --> 00:09:38,790
+where he is siding with the past or with the
+
+161
+00:09:38,790 --> 00:09:43,510
+present and this adds more uncertainty to the poem
+
+162
+00:09:43,510 --> 00:09:48,450
+so he doesn't want to commit himself to an
+
+163
+00:09:48,450 --> 00:09:52,430
+attitude, to which word he is belonging, and this
+
+164
+00:09:52,430 --> 00:09:56,770
+adds more ambivalence and more uncertainty to the
+
+165
+00:09:56,770 --> 00:09:59,930
+poem. In fact, yes, as I told you, you have to
+
+166
+00:09:59,930 --> 00:10:04,250
+read the stylistic analysis carefully, and if you
+
+167
+00:10:04,250 --> 00:10:09,070
+have any question, we can answer it easily.
+
+168
+00:10:10,590 --> 00:10:13,230
+Thank you. I don't know if there's time to show
+
+169
+00:10:13,230 --> 00:10:16,750
+them Is there a movie? No, it's like a two-minute
+
+170
+00:10:16,750 --> 00:10:22,790
+Christmas Carol. I don't know if you hear it. We
+
+171
+00:10:22,790 --> 00:10:25,550
+don't have a voice. Okay.
+
+172
+00:10:33,570 --> 00:10:36,830
+Yeah, Christmas in a few days. We should have
+
+173
+00:10:36,830 --> 00:10:40,050
+waited to teach, you know, the accent like next
+
+174
+00:10:40,050 --> 00:10:44,230
+week. You can't hear it? I think, you know, last
+
+175
+00:10:44,230 --> 00:10:52,010
+year it coincided with Christmas Like
+
+176
+00:10:52,010 --> 00:10:55,950
+they sing it as a Christmas carol Yeah, like if
+
+177
+00:10:55,950 --> 00:10:59,750
+you go to YouTube, I think you can find it sung in
+
+178
+00:10:59,750 --> 00:11:00,370
+a different way
+
+179
+00:11:11,470 --> 00:11:14,510
+Thank you very much. Next time we are doing
+
+180
+00:11:14,510 --> 00:11:18,270
+futility. And in order to understand futility, I
+
+181
+00:11:18,270 --> 00:11:22,650
+want also you to read The Soldier for Brook. It
+
+182
+00:11:22,650 --> 00:11:25,770
+will be an introduction. The Soldier. There is a
+
+183
+00:11:25,770 --> 00:11:29,350
+poem called The Soldier Before Futility. And
+
+184
+00:11:29,350 --> 00:11:34,090
+again, futility, we are going to conduct stylistic
+
+185
+00:11:34,090 --> 00:11:37,830
+analysis. So we might finish the course either
+
+186
+00:11:37,830 --> 00:11:42,740
+Saturday at maximum Monday. But let's hope we
+
+187
+00:11:42,740 --> 00:11:45,680
+finish on Saturday. Let's hope. Thank you very
+
+188
+00:11:45,680 --> 00:11:47,320
+much and take care. Bye.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/L7HUVUHeccM_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2308 @@
+1
+00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:19,600
+Okay, good morning everybody. How are you? I bet
+
+2
+00:00:19,600 --> 00:00:28,910
+you had a nice weekend. Not much. Why? Okay, but
+
+3
+00:00:28,910 --> 00:00:31,930
+other than this, like, did you have time to write
+
+4
+00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:33,750
+reports and write response?
+
+5
+00:00:36,930 --> 00:00:45,350
+So, let us see what you have written. Let me see
+
+6
+00:00:45,350 --> 00:00:47,910
+you, please. Yes.
+
+7
+00:00:54,430 --> 00:00:59,170
+You just come here. Okay. I'm sitting on my desk
+
+8
+00:00:59,170 --> 00:01:01,630
+thinking of something to write in my daily report
+
+9
+00:01:01,630 --> 00:01:04,290
+about the previous class. Actually, I didn't have
+
+10
+00:01:04,290 --> 00:01:09,010
+the chance to read my report yet. But this time, I
+
+11
+00:01:09,010 --> 00:01:11,590
+have this gut feeling that this time, Dr. Anna...
+
+12
+00:01:11,590 --> 00:01:16,090
+Wow, look here. You know, look here. And this is
+
+13
+00:01:16,090 --> 00:01:18,670
+the beauty about like getting to write a report.
+
+14
+00:01:18,890 --> 00:01:21,730
+Like, you think, you know, you're not going to
+
+15
+00:01:21,730 --> 00:01:24,770
+read, but here she thought and she's reading.
+
+16
+00:01:25,790 --> 00:01:28,630
+About the last class, I really liked the themes of
+
+17
+00:01:28,630 --> 00:01:31,650
+the poem. It wasn't just about courtly love, as I
+
+18
+00:01:31,650 --> 00:01:34,090
+expected. It also could be about power and
+
+19
+00:01:34,090 --> 00:01:37,790
+weakness. And also, how you connected Raym with
+
+20
+00:01:37,790 --> 00:01:42,610
+the themes. It was very amazing. Thank you very
+
+21
+00:01:42,610 --> 00:01:48,050
+much. It's laconic, but what I like about this...
+
+22
+00:01:48,050 --> 00:01:51,010
+You know what means laconic? Very short. But what
+
+23
+00:01:51,010 --> 00:01:55,990
+I like about this report, is like the way she is
+
+24
+00:01:55,990 --> 00:02:01,150
+spontaneous and the way she is recapitulating the
+
+25
+00:02:01,150 --> 00:02:06,390
+previous class by talking about the theme. Okay,
+
+26
+00:02:06,610 --> 00:02:15,290
+yes? Yes? Report. Still like we are in the area of
+
+27
+00:02:15,290 --> 00:02:16,150
+report.
+
+28
+00:02:24,890 --> 00:02:26,510
+Say good morning, how are you? Like they are
+
+29
+00:02:26,510 --> 00:02:29,210
+waiting for you, yeah? And you have to look at
+
+30
+00:02:29,210 --> 00:02:33,160
+them. Good, good. Okay. Last class was an
+
+31
+00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:36,340
+interesting class because Mr. Habib completed the
+
+32
+00:02:36,340 --> 00:02:41,000
+last point in the poem. He used his lab and showed
+
+33
+00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:44,200
+some of the reports about poems, which gave us an
+
+34
+00:02:44,200 --> 00:02:47,300
+important information. That helped us to
+
+35
+00:02:47,300 --> 00:02:51,320
+understand more. A lot of students participated
+
+36
+00:02:51,320 --> 00:02:55,040
+with the teacher. Next, he used a new way that he
+
+37
+00:02:55,040 --> 00:03:00,640
+divided us for groups, only three students in the
+
+38
+00:03:00,640 --> 00:03:01,160
+same group.
+
+39
+00:03:09,990 --> 00:03:12,110
+Collaborative. I like the word collaborative work.
+
+40
+00:03:13,130 --> 00:03:18,190
+He wanted to ask each group of the first one to
+
+41
+00:03:18,190 --> 00:03:20,650
+the second one. So the lecture followed up a
+
+42
+00:03:20,650 --> 00:03:23,530
+discussion and a question. At last, we finished
+
+43
+00:03:23,530 --> 00:03:28,330
+the whole discussion. Then Mr. Hadif called us to
+
+44
+00:03:28,330 --> 00:03:33,930
+prepare us to a new bowl. Ah, to prepare a new
+
+45
+00:03:33,930 --> 00:03:38,230
+bowl. Good. Now I know somebody is like boiling.
+
+46
+00:03:38,490 --> 00:03:41,450
+She wants to read her report. Is anybody like?
+
+47
+00:03:42,510 --> 00:03:45,990
+feeling that she needs to read her report before
+
+48
+00:03:45,990 --> 00:03:52,610
+we shift to the response? Good. So, Henry Howard,
+
+49
+00:03:52,870 --> 00:03:58,950
+Errol of Surrey. Description of Spring. What do
+
+50
+00:03:58,950 --> 00:04:08,630
+you think? First, let me see who's ready to give a
+
+51
+00:04:08,630 --> 00:04:09,170
+response.
+
+52
+00:04:19,650 --> 00:04:23,110
+The season of buds and blooms fled away, with the
+
+53
+00:04:23,110 --> 00:04:26,210
+gifts he brought and every spray, with the smiles
+
+54
+00:04:26,210 --> 00:04:29,410
+he drew on every spot, and the gloom he erased
+
+55
+00:04:29,410 --> 00:04:33,030
+behind every dot. For the green hills that used to
+
+56
+00:04:33,030 --> 00:04:36,570
+spring, and the nightingales that always sing, the
+
+57
+00:04:36,570 --> 00:04:39,710
+season of love will back again, when he reignites
+
+58
+00:04:39,710 --> 00:04:42,770
+other hills somewhere. It's the angelic season to
+
+59
+00:04:42,770 --> 00:04:45,550
+blow the joy in the heart, to lob in the yards and
+
+60
+00:04:45,550 --> 00:04:48,270
+catch the buck's heart. It's the time when hearts
+
+61
+00:04:48,270 --> 00:04:50,890
+make up their minds to create a castle over
+
+62
+00:04:50,890 --> 00:04:54,110
+blossoms' rapid sides. Yet some might consider it
+
+63
+00:04:54,110 --> 00:04:57,890
+a matter of gloom, since in the party they failed
+
+64
+00:04:57,890 --> 00:05:00,950
+to win a room. Those should be much more aware
+
+65
+00:05:00,950 --> 00:05:04,670
+that life leaves us rarely fair. Good. Thank you.
+
+66
+00:05:05,630 --> 00:05:08,590
+I think you are becoming more poetic in your
+
+67
+00:05:08,590 --> 00:05:14,630
+response. So I think at the end of this course, we
+
+68
+00:05:14,630 --> 00:05:19,470
+are going to have a new poet. Thank you. Okay, now
+
+69
+00:05:19,470 --> 00:05:24,910
+let me just elicit your responses, like, you read
+
+70
+00:05:24,910 --> 00:05:27,870
+something about the poet, you read, like, Henry
+
+71
+00:05:27,870 --> 00:05:32,270
+Howard. So let me see, like, what's your response
+
+72
+00:05:32,270 --> 00:05:33,470
+without reading, yes?
+
+73
+00:05:38,700 --> 00:05:39,060
+No,
+
+74
+00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:44,120
+I just want you to talk without reading. What do
+
+75
+00:05:44,120 --> 00:05:46,540
+you think of the poet and what do you think of the
+
+76
+00:05:46,540 --> 00:05:46,760
+poem?
+
+77
+00:05:57,940 --> 00:06:04,080
+We have some similarities
+
+78
+00:06:04,080 --> 00:06:05,300
+and some differences.
+
+79
+00:06:08,760 --> 00:06:13,420
+So it seems like you are impressed by this summit
+
+80
+00:06:13,420 --> 00:06:14,820
+more than the previous one?
+
+81
+00:06:19,030 --> 00:06:19,490
+Okay,
+
+82
+00:06:28,110 --> 00:06:33,130
+so there is like, you know, an abrupt shift, you
+
+83
+00:06:33,130 --> 00:06:36,910
+know, in the whole poem. Good. I like the way you
+
+84
+00:06:36,910 --> 00:06:40,610
+approach the poem, like, and you know, you started
+
+85
+00:06:40,610 --> 00:06:43,760
+to compare and contrast. And I think comparing and
+
+86
+00:06:43,760 --> 00:06:49,800
+contrast between two poets is good. And I want
+
+87
+00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:52,680
+this angle to be developed in our course.
+
+88
+00:06:53,720 --> 00:06:56,460
+Yesterday, we were dealing with Henry Howard, who
+
+89
+00:06:56,460 --> 00:07:01,840
+was a great admirer of Sir Thomas Wyatt, the one
+
+90
+00:07:01,840 --> 00:07:07,280
+who introduced this sonnet. Good. Any other
+
+91
+00:07:07,280 --> 00:07:13,770
+response? Yes, please. by teaching them the style
+
+92
+00:07:13,770 --> 00:07:18,690
+of the word, and that it's also epistemic. Yeah, I
+
+93
+00:07:18,690 --> 00:07:22,350
+like the word ephemism, ephemistic. To be
+
+94
+00:07:22,350 --> 00:07:26,190
+ephemistic, like, you know how to write this word.
+
+95
+00:07:27,190 --> 00:07:31,410
+Ephemism, like to use nice words to express harsh
+
+96
+00:07:31,410 --> 00:07:35,130
+ideas. For example, sometimes it is very
+
+97
+00:07:35,130 --> 00:07:37,210
+embarrassing to say, I want to go to the toilet.
+
+98
+00:07:37,810 --> 00:07:40,330
+So a better way is say, I want to wash my hands.
+
+99
+00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:45,800
+Mr. X, for example, died. This is very shocking.
+
+100
+00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:49,540
+So he passed away. This is ephemism. But I don't
+
+101
+00:07:49,540 --> 00:08:04,040
+know why you say he's ephemistic. It means
+
+102
+00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:08,460
+he's hedging. He's not blunt. He's not direct.
+
+103
+00:08:09,090 --> 00:08:11,270
+Okay, it seems like we need to develop this
+
+104
+00:08:11,270 --> 00:08:16,610
+further. Good, thank you. Yes? Yes?
+
+105
+00:08:20,110 --> 00:08:23,690
+Okay. What do you think? Do you like the poem?
+
+106
+00:08:24,390 --> 00:08:27,230
+Okay, you can, you're free to say, we like it, we
+
+107
+00:08:27,230 --> 00:08:30,430
+don't like it. What was the most interesting line
+
+108
+00:08:30,430 --> 00:08:35,750
+for you? Like, these are, yes? Have you read the
+
+109
+00:08:35,750 --> 00:08:40,720
+poem? Yeah, was it disturbing? Because some people
+
+110
+00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:43,420
+thought it was disturbing, because you know, the
+
+111
+00:08:43,420 --> 00:08:47,800
+language itself is little bit. Yeah, it's archaic
+
+112
+00:08:47,800 --> 00:08:52,060
+language. It's not like, you know, very formal.
+
+113
+00:08:52,400 --> 00:08:57,580
+It's archaic. Yes? It is not old English, because
+
+114
+00:08:57,580 --> 00:08:59,560
+if we are talking about old English, it is
+
+115
+00:08:59,560 --> 00:09:03,360
+completely different, you know? This is like, you
+
+116
+00:09:03,360 --> 00:09:06,020
+know, it can be criticized as modern English, you
+
+117
+00:09:06,020 --> 00:09:10,810
+know? Yes? What about here, people? Yes, please. I
+
+118
+00:09:10,810 --> 00:09:14,530
+like
+
+119
+00:09:14,530 --> 00:09:17,450
+this.
+
+120
+00:09:17,710 --> 00:09:21,270
+I like this. So he was trying, like, to speak
+
+121
+00:09:21,270 --> 00:09:26,010
+about the internal by talking about... Yeah, and
+
+122
+00:09:26,010 --> 00:09:28,910
+this is like, you know, one of the differences
+
+123
+00:09:28,910 --> 00:09:30,610
+between the two. Yes?
+
+124
+00:09:37,620 --> 00:09:39,640
+It's, can you repeat that?
+
+125
+00:09:43,800 --> 00:09:48,620
+Good color. Nature. So you think the poem is about
+
+126
+00:09:48,620 --> 00:09:51,260
+like a change in nature?
+
+127
+00:09:54,340 --> 00:09:59,450
+He liked that change or he didn't like it? He
+
+128
+00:09:59,450 --> 00:10:04,270
+liked it, but he's sad because he didn't like one
+
+129
+00:10:04,270 --> 00:10:09,250
+of the aspects of this change or relief of nature.
+
+130
+00:10:09,830 --> 00:10:14,530
+He's not included with that. So because he was not
+
+131
+00:10:14,530 --> 00:10:17,390
+included in that change, do you want to say he was
+
+132
+00:10:17,390 --> 00:10:19,650
+a little bit envious? You know what's mean
+
+133
+00:10:19,650 --> 00:10:24,770
+envious? Like he had some envy. Good. I like this.
+
+134
+00:10:25,690 --> 00:10:30,860
+Yes? At first, he was describing the miracle of
+
+135
+00:10:30,860 --> 00:10:33,880
+nature and how everything around him is new and
+
+136
+00:10:33,880 --> 00:10:37,640
+changing. But at the same time, his attitude, he
+
+137
+00:10:37,640 --> 00:10:39,920
+couldn't change. He couldn't be part of this
+
+138
+00:10:39,920 --> 00:10:45,080
+change and move on. Good. I liked it. Yes? What
+
+139
+00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:50,100
+about the other people? Yes? What do you think? I
+
+140
+00:10:50,100 --> 00:10:53,020
+want to talk about the… Yeah, it seems like all of
+
+141
+00:10:53,020 --> 00:10:56,420
+you are doing well, but some of you are afraid to
+
+142
+00:10:56,420 --> 00:11:01,070
+say their opinion. Go ahead. expressed about his
+
+143
+00:11:01,070 --> 00:11:06,270
+love for nature and the change which happened. Do
+
+144
+00:11:06,270 --> 00:11:09,670
+you think like he, when he talk about nature, did
+
+145
+00:11:09,670 --> 00:11:14,390
+he show any feeling and attitude? Yes, he
+
+146
+00:11:14,390 --> 00:11:19,110
+expressed his insight by expressing about the
+
+147
+00:11:19,110 --> 00:11:21,370
+outside. So he used the description as a vehicle?
+
+148
+00:11:22,430 --> 00:11:29,440
+Good. You talked. What about the rest? Yes? You
+
+149
+00:11:29,440 --> 00:11:30,760
+like the poem or you don't like it?
+
+150
+00:11:36,980 --> 00:11:44,400
+You talked
+
+151
+00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:49,060
+about the message. What is the message? Yeah, but
+
+152
+00:11:49,060 --> 00:11:52,700
+he has a message. Do you think he has a message? I
+
+153
+00:11:52,700 --> 00:11:55,460
+think when we write, you know, we are having a
+
+154
+00:11:55,460 --> 00:11:57,840
+message. What is the message? What is the possible
+
+155
+00:11:57,840 --> 00:11:58,200
+message?
+
+156
+00:12:15,180 --> 00:12:19,920
+Yes? So, like, the message he's sending, like,
+
+157
+00:12:19,960 --> 00:12:24,020
+he's different, like, he's, you know, sad. He's
+
+158
+00:12:24,020 --> 00:12:26,380
+sad. So, he wants, like, to convey his suffering.
+
+159
+00:12:27,020 --> 00:12:30,560
+Good, okay. Good.
+
+160
+00:12:33,940 --> 00:12:35,340
+Is he trying to gain our sympathy?
+
+161
+00:12:38,760 --> 00:12:44,280
+Have you read that? How did you read that? First,
+
+162
+00:12:44,760 --> 00:12:49,560
+like, I don't know. When you read the poem, you
+
+163
+00:12:49,560 --> 00:12:54,500
+must have read
+
+164
+00:12:54,500 --> 00:12:59,500
+it aloud. So this is the poem. And thus I see
+
+165
+00:12:59,500 --> 00:13:03,480
+among these pleasant things, each care decays and
+
+166
+00:13:03,480 --> 00:13:07,460
+my sorrow springs. How would you read this? I want
+
+167
+00:13:07,460 --> 00:13:10,960
+you to read as if you like, when you read it at
+
+168
+00:13:10,960 --> 00:13:13,500
+home, you must have read it aloud. So how would
+
+169
+00:13:13,500 --> 00:13:18,410
+you read this last couplet? And I like, you know,
+
+170
+00:13:18,570 --> 00:13:21,250
+this is a copy. How did you read it? And each care
+
+171
+00:13:21,250 --> 00:13:24,690
+decays and you know, and thus I see among these
+
+172
+00:13:24,690 --> 00:13:27,290
+pleasant things, each care decays and yet my soul
+
+173
+00:13:27,290 --> 00:13:29,450
+springs. You mean how I read it? Yeah, yeah. How
+
+174
+00:13:29,450 --> 00:13:33,990
+to understand it? Yeah, how you read it aloud. And
+
+175
+00:13:33,990 --> 00:13:36,690
+thus I see among these pleasant things, each care
+
+176
+00:13:36,690 --> 00:13:39,350
+decays and yet my soul springs. Do you think this
+
+177
+00:13:39,350 --> 00:13:41,410
+works like this? Like does this fit with the
+
+178
+00:13:41,410 --> 00:13:44,890
+atmosphere? No, I want it to be very poetic, as if
+
+179
+00:13:44,890 --> 00:13:48,850
+you were on the stage and reading this. How would
+
+180
+00:13:48,850 --> 00:13:55,270
+you read it? Thus, I see among these pleasant
+
+181
+00:13:55,270 --> 00:14:01,170
+things each care decays and yet my soul springs.
+
+182
+00:14:01,350 --> 00:14:06,330
+Do you like it like this? I don't like it. Yeah.
+
+183
+00:14:06,410 --> 00:14:11,760
+So, yeah, there should be sadness going on. And
+
+184
+00:14:11,760 --> 00:14:17,200
+thus, I see among these pleasant things, each care
+
+185
+00:14:17,200 --> 00:14:22,980
+decays and yet my sorrow springs. Yes. Yes. Yes.
+
+186
+00:14:23,280 --> 00:14:26,000
+Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes.
+
+187
+00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:27,600
+Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes.
+
+188
+00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:33,360
+Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes.
+
+189
+00:14:33,940 --> 00:14:35,420
+Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes.
+
+190
+00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:39,100
+Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes.
+
+191
+00:14:39,100 --> 00:14:41,060
+Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. You
+
+192
+00:14:41,060 --> 00:14:43,780
+should feel about it. OK. But I want to read the
+
+193
+00:14:43,780 --> 00:14:46,600
+explanation. You want to read? OK, go ahead. I
+
+194
+00:14:46,600 --> 00:14:50,160
+like this. At first, I see among these pleasant
+
+195
+00:14:50,160 --> 00:14:54,720
+things, each care decays and yet my sorrow begins.
+
+196
+00:14:54,920 --> 00:15:00,480
+Good. My sorrow springs. Yeah. So you have like
+
+197
+00:15:00,480 --> 00:15:08,100
+this sense of like envy. And thus, I see among
+
+198
+00:15:08,100 --> 00:15:14,700
+these pleasant things. Each care decays on my
+
+199
+00:15:14,700 --> 00:15:20,600
+soul. And yet my soul springs. So it's like
+
+200
+00:15:20,600 --> 00:15:22,920
+focusing. There is concentration on this coupling.
+
+201
+00:15:23,720 --> 00:15:27,880
+Okay. It seems like this poem is very interesting.
+
+202
+00:15:28,380 --> 00:15:30,540
+But let me ask a last question about your response
+
+203
+00:15:30,540 --> 00:15:32,520
+as a Muslim reader.
+
+204
+00:15:35,040 --> 00:15:38,560
+Did you like the poem? And why? As a Muslim
+
+205
+00:15:38,560 --> 00:15:42,000
+reader, like, you know, as a reader, as a Muslim,
+
+206
+00:15:42,440 --> 00:15:47,080
+do you like this poem or not? And what reasons
+
+207
+00:15:47,080 --> 00:15:49,440
+would a Muslim have to like this poem?
+
+208
+00:15:59,180 --> 00:15:59,180
+Yeah,
+
+209
+00:16:07,120 --> 00:16:14,480
+so you think, I like this, The poet tries to
+
+210
+00:16:14,480 --> 00:16:19,040
+convey some new ideas that come to transfer to the
+
+211
+00:16:19,040 --> 00:16:22,920
+reader. And then the revolutions in the Arab
+
+212
+00:16:22,920 --> 00:16:25,740
+world. Ah, very good. I like this, you know. They
+
+213
+00:16:25,740 --> 00:16:29,460
+called it the Arabic Spring. The Arab Spring. Wow,
+
+214
+00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:31,880
+good. Which means a new life. This is a new
+
+215
+00:16:31,880 --> 00:16:33,600
+reading. This is a new political reading of the
+
+216
+00:16:33,600 --> 00:16:38,720
+poem. Good. A new life, a new way of even a new
+
+217
+00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:45,600
+way of style of life that they want to like it can
+
+218
+00:16:45,600 --> 00:16:51,720
+be like protected. Good. I think yes, as Muslims,
+
+219
+00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:55,520
+like we are interested in the idea of
+
+220
+00:16:55,520 --> 00:16:58,460
+regeneration. We are interested in the idea of
+
+221
+00:16:58,460 --> 00:17:01,040
+resurrection, rebirth. You know, resurrection
+
+222
+00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:06,620
+means like you are resurrected from the dead. And
+
+223
+00:17:06,620 --> 00:17:10,040
+we have a lot of dead images or images of death
+
+224
+00:17:10,320 --> 00:17:14,360
+Then suddenly, all these images were transformed
+
+225
+00:17:14,360 --> 00:17:22,260
+to images of love, of life and rebirth. Good. This
+
+226
+00:17:22,260 --> 00:17:25,660
+is very interesting. Thank you for giving me this
+
+227
+00:17:25,660 --> 00:17:31,160
+input. Now, let's go to the poet. Nobody told me
+
+228
+00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:36,120
+anything about the poet. As you see here, Henry
+
+229
+00:17:36,120 --> 00:17:40,060
+Howard, Earl of Surrey. And this is like a title,
+
+230
+00:17:40,380 --> 00:17:46,120
+Errol. Errol, it's a title, like Errol to be in
+
+231
+00:17:46,120 --> 00:17:51,000
+response. So it seems like he was a man from the
+
+232
+00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:56,340
+Nobles. He was a man belonging to the court. He
+
+233
+00:17:56,340 --> 00:18:01,780
+was a little bit different from Sir Thomas Wyatt.
+
+234
+00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:09,590
+And look here. All his birth shows that he was
+
+235
+00:18:09,590 --> 00:18:12,370
+noble. He was the eldest son of Thomas Howard and
+
+236
+00:18:12,370 --> 00:18:16,130
+Lady Elizabeth, daughter of Duke. So he's
+
+237
+00:18:16,130 --> 00:18:21,690
+belonging to the royal family. And he was given
+
+238
+00:18:21,690 --> 00:18:29,070
+this title. He himself was a decision maker. And I
+
+239
+00:18:29,070 --> 00:18:35,790
+think he was an important, figure in English
+
+240
+00:18:35,790 --> 00:18:42,350
+literature for some reasons. Now Thomas Wyatt was
+
+241
+00:18:42,350 --> 00:18:46,950
+influential, was very important. Why? Because he
+
+242
+00:18:46,950 --> 00:18:51,790
+introduced the sonnet. Now we have here like
+
+243
+00:18:51,790 --> 00:18:57,630
+somebody who did something else. And here we are
+
+244
+00:18:57,630 --> 00:19:02,870
+talking about his achievement. As you see, Henry
+
+245
+00:19:02,870 --> 00:19:05,330
+Howard was one of the founders of the English
+
+246
+00:19:05,330 --> 00:19:08,190
+Renaissance poetry. So when we're talking about
+
+247
+00:19:08,190 --> 00:19:10,830
+Renaissance poetry, we're talking about poetry
+
+248
+00:19:10,830 --> 00:19:15,770
+which was influenced by Latin culture. I think he
+
+249
+00:19:15,770 --> 00:19:22,310
+was, he translated many of Latin writers. And his
+
+250
+00:19:22,310 --> 00:19:25,970
+poetry was imitating, but he was trying to develop
+
+251
+00:19:25,970 --> 00:19:30,370
+the Renaissance poetry. Like he wrote about love,
+
+252
+00:19:30,510 --> 00:19:35,350
+he wrote about death, he wrote about life. So his
+
+253
+00:19:35,350 --> 00:19:38,710
+spectrum of themes was very wide.
+
+254
+00:19:41,830 --> 00:19:46,990
+And I think he is accredited, as you see here, to
+
+255
+00:19:46,990 --> 00:19:50,170
+develop the sonnet. Yes, Wyatt introduced the
+
+256
+00:19:50,170 --> 00:19:54,350
+sonnet, but here we have a poet who developed the
+
+257
+00:19:54,350 --> 00:19:57,700
+sonnet. And what I mean, he developed. I'm not
+
+258
+00:19:57,700 --> 00:20:02,340
+talking about just like the rhyme itself, I mean
+
+259
+00:20:02,340 --> 00:20:08,820
+the couplet, but rather how the sonnet became into
+
+260
+00:20:08,820 --> 00:20:13,060
+four parts rather than two or three parts. So the
+
+261
+00:20:13,060 --> 00:20:19,400
+poem, the sonnet became like four parts, three
+
+262
+00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:23,360
+quatrains, and when I say quatrain, like four
+
+263
+00:20:23,360 --> 00:20:26,550
+lines, and a couplet. And this is what Shakespeare
+
+264
+00:20:26,550 --> 00:20:31,450
+adopted after him. So yes, he developed the
+
+265
+00:20:31,450 --> 00:20:35,890
+sonnet. And the sonnet became more flexible,
+
+266
+00:20:36,110 --> 00:20:37,910
+because if we are talking about the Italian
+
+267
+00:20:37,910 --> 00:20:42,070
+sonnet, an octave and assisted, it is a little bit
+
+268
+00:20:42,070 --> 00:20:45,950
+rigid. You are restrained to introduce the
+
+269
+00:20:45,950 --> 00:20:49,710
+argument in the octave, and then you are forced to
+
+270
+00:20:49,710 --> 00:20:55,470
+put forward the resolution or the solution. And
+
+271
+00:20:55,470 --> 00:20:58,370
+that was very restraining to the poet. But here,
+
+272
+00:20:58,870 --> 00:21:02,710
+you are gaining more flexibility. I like the way
+
+273
+00:21:02,710 --> 00:21:08,470
+they are comparing Wyatt and Surrey. Both of them
+
+274
+00:21:08,470 --> 00:21:13,210
+were the fathers of the English sonnet. Because
+
+275
+00:21:13,210 --> 00:21:17,970
+one introduced it, and the other developed it.
+
+276
+00:21:19,380 --> 00:21:22,040
+However, like one of the most interesting
+
+277
+00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:25,600
+achievement, and he's credited, is the invention
+
+278
+00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:31,020
+of blank verse. When we say blank verse, we're
+
+279
+00:21:31,020 --> 00:21:35,260
+talking about unrhymed
+
+280
+00:21:35,260 --> 00:21:39,960
+iambic pentameter. And Shakespeare is greatly
+
+281
+00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:47,060
+indebted to Surrey because all of Shakespeare's
+
+282
+00:21:47,060 --> 00:21:51,330
+plays were written in blank verse. And blank
+
+283
+00:21:51,330 --> 00:21:57,590
+verse, it is this unrhymed iambic pentameter. I
+
+284
+00:21:57,590 --> 00:21:59,630
+don't know, like, you might have read about his
+
+285
+00:21:59,630 --> 00:22:05,250
+life. He had unfortunate life. And you know what
+
+286
+00:22:05,250 --> 00:22:09,510
+happened to him? You know what happened to him?
+
+287
+00:22:11,830 --> 00:22:14,870
+Why didn't you read about anything about him? You
+
+288
+00:22:14,870 --> 00:22:18,970
+are bad today, you know? I told you you have to
+
+289
+00:22:18,970 --> 00:22:21,830
+read, and I gave you and the reader something
+
+290
+00:22:21,830 --> 00:22:26,350
+about his life. So if you keep slacking off like
+
+291
+00:22:26,350 --> 00:22:31,210
+this, I'll be worried about you if you slack off.
+
+292
+00:22:31,850 --> 00:22:36,390
+I told you sometimes it is very important to read
+
+293
+00:22:36,390 --> 00:22:37,770
+about the life of the poet.
+
+294
+00:22:42,830 --> 00:22:48,180
+Good, let me keep asking you about The lines you
+
+295
+00:22:48,180 --> 00:22:55,760
+like in the poem. Which line do you like? Which
+
+296
+00:22:55,760 --> 00:22:58,600
+line do you like? The couplet?
+
+297
+00:23:01,880 --> 00:23:03,520
+Okay, other than the couplet.
+
+298
+00:23:13,020 --> 00:23:15,280
+Other than the couplet, do you like anything else?
+
+299
+00:23:24,290 --> 00:23:30,030
+Yes. The title. Why do you like it?
+
+300
+00:23:36,090 --> 00:23:36,890
+How?
+
+301
+00:23:40,790 --> 00:23:46,050
+Yeah, very good. Like could
+
+302
+00:23:46,050 --> 00:23:47,330
+you elaborate that for me?
+
+303
+00:24:15,340 --> 00:24:16,740
+Okay.
+
+304
+00:24:19,790 --> 00:24:22,310
+Yes, there is contradiction. I wanted to show you
+
+305
+00:24:22,310 --> 00:24:26,290
+like the trial of the, you know, it seems like you
+
+306
+00:24:26,290 --> 00:24:30,250
+are not having a sound, so we have the, you have a
+
+307
+00:24:30,250 --> 00:24:33,250
+sound system, you are trying it. This is the trial
+
+308
+00:24:33,250 --> 00:24:38,630
+of him. He was trying on pigeon. Okay,
+
+309
+00:24:42,250 --> 00:24:48,190
+I'm sorry. We need the sound system. Like, yes,
+
+310
+00:24:48,370 --> 00:24:56,050
+our poet was convicted. He was executed by King
+
+311
+00:24:56,050 --> 00:25:01,610
+Henry Howard for the accusation of cheating. Like,
+
+312
+00:25:02,710 --> 00:25:11,710
+as we said when we discussed wire, like, you know,
+
+313
+00:25:11,790 --> 00:25:15,690
+the core of human age was born of envy.
+
+314
+00:25:17,420 --> 00:25:24,480
+Conspiracies. And he was accused of conspiring
+
+315
+00:25:24,480 --> 00:25:28,160
+against the king. And the king had no mercy on
+
+316
+00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:35,340
+him. He was executed. He was beheaded. And he was
+
+317
+00:25:35,340 --> 00:25:39,260
+executed. And after nine days, the king himself
+
+318
+00:25:39,260 --> 00:25:43,880
+died. So I don't know whether or not God cares. By
+
+319
+00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:48,600
+the will of God, he cares. Henry Meyer also was
+
+320
+00:25:48,600 --> 00:25:52,460
+accused of treason,
+
+321
+00:25:52,780 --> 00:25:57,140
+but he was not killed. So why did they kill this
+
+322
+00:25:57,140 --> 00:26:02,360
+man? Why did they kill him? Why did the king have
+
+323
+00:26:02,360 --> 00:26:11,340
+mercy on him? I think. Why? Yes, he was, so he was
+
+324
+00:26:11,340 --> 00:26:16,880
+likely to become a king. Why? So he was a threat.
+
+325
+00:26:18,300 --> 00:26:22,760
+He was a threat to the king, so the king wanted to
+
+326
+00:26:22,760 --> 00:26:27,520
+monopolize power, and as we said, the culture of
+
+327
+00:26:27,520 --> 00:26:30,840
+the time was to believe that everybody should
+
+328
+00:26:30,840 --> 00:26:34,640
+respect a position, and the king was appointed by
+
+329
+00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:38,980
+God. This is quite unfortunate about him. I wish
+
+330
+00:26:38,980 --> 00:26:43,190
+we had, you can watch this video It is like the
+
+331
+00:26:43,190 --> 00:26:48,250
+trial of Henry Auer, and you see he is now
+
+332
+00:26:48,250 --> 00:26:54,910
+defending himself in front of the jurors, but
+
+333
+00:26:54,910 --> 00:27:00,810
+since we don't have the, unfortunate that this man
+
+334
+00:27:00,810 --> 00:27:04,970
+is losing his life. Had he lived, he would have
+
+335
+00:27:04,970 --> 00:27:11,610
+been one of the most prolific poets of the 16th
+
+336
+00:27:11,610 --> 00:27:15,670
+century, and he could have surpassed many of the
+
+337
+00:27:15,670 --> 00:27:19,990
+great poets of the time. Now I think it is time to
+
+338
+00:27:19,990 --> 00:27:23,470
+shift to the poem and to read it aloud.
+
+339
+00:27:37,120 --> 00:27:44,320
+The soot season that bud forth and brings With
+
+340
+00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:49,740
+green hath clad the hill and eke the vale The
+
+341
+00:27:49,740 --> 00:27:54,640
+nightingale with feathers anew she sings The
+
+342
+00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:59,440
+turtle to her make hath told her tale Summer is
+
+343
+00:27:59,440 --> 00:28:04,200
+come for every spray now springs The heart hath
+
+344
+00:28:04,200 --> 00:28:09,060
+hung his old head on the pale The buck in break
+
+345
+00:28:09,060 --> 00:28:13,980
+his winter coat he flings The fishes fleet with a
+
+346
+00:28:13,980 --> 00:28:18,500
+new repaired scale The other all her slough away
+
+347
+00:28:18,500 --> 00:28:22,800
+she slings The swift swallow pursues the fly's
+
+348
+00:28:22,800 --> 00:28:27,140
+snail The busy bee her honey now she mings Winter
+
+349
+00:28:27,140 --> 00:28:31,860
+is warm, that was the flower's bail And thus, and
+
+350
+00:28:31,860 --> 00:28:35,780
+thus I see among these pleasant things Each care
+
+351
+00:28:35,780 --> 00:28:42,250
+decays And yet, my sorrow springs. Very beautiful,
+
+352
+00:28:42,390 --> 00:28:47,470
+but sad. Okay. I don't know, you mentioned like in
+
+353
+00:28:47,470 --> 00:28:51,690
+your response that he is, we like him because he's
+
+354
+00:28:51,690 --> 00:28:58,810
+atomistic. He is less, let's say, less denigrating
+
+355
+00:28:58,810 --> 00:29:04,970
+than, less offensive, mainly to women, than Sir
+
+356
+00:29:04,970 --> 00:29:11,050
+Thomas Wyatt. And okay, do you have an example of
+
+357
+00:29:11,050 --> 00:29:14,050
+ephemism? Because I'm interested in this word. Do
+
+358
+00:29:14,050 --> 00:29:19,870
+you have an example of ephemism here? So why did
+
+359
+00:29:19,870 --> 00:29:25,050
+you say he's ephemistic? Because not directly, his
+
+360
+00:29:25,050 --> 00:29:32,050
+words like Thomas, when he said about his lover,
+
+361
+00:29:33,010 --> 00:29:38,640
+about her touch, not even tangible. Uh-huh. So he
+
+362
+00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:42,560
+was not like humiliating,
+
+363
+00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:46,200
+he was not denigrating the woman by describing her
+
+364
+00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:48,900
+how she was. We don't have this description of a
+
+365
+00:29:48,900 --> 00:29:53,600
+woman as we had in, yeah. But I'll give you one,
+
+366
+00:29:54,280 --> 00:30:00,780
+yes? He didn't talk about this at all. Not all
+
+367
+00:30:00,780 --> 00:30:05,160
+about the poem, in the poem. But he just thinked
+
+368
+00:30:05,160 --> 00:30:09,880
+about the title, the title itself. Yes, he hinted
+
+369
+00:30:09,880 --> 00:30:13,620
+about the suffering in the title. But again, if I
+
+370
+00:30:13,620 --> 00:30:19,640
+want to draw your attention to a very explicit in
+
+371
+00:30:19,640 --> 00:30:23,220
+the poem example of ephemism. Like if you look
+
+372
+00:30:23,220 --> 00:30:29,860
+here, the turtle to her make hath told her tale.
+
+373
+00:30:31,960 --> 00:30:35,980
+Now this is very, this is an example of ephemism.
+
+374
+00:30:36,300 --> 00:30:41,750
+We're talking about a turtle and Her mate. A
+
+375
+00:30:41,750 --> 00:30:48,610
+turtle and a mate. Now, of course, we're talking
+
+376
+00:30:48,610 --> 00:30:53,910
+about spring. And spring is the season of rebirth.
+
+377
+00:30:54,630 --> 00:30:59,230
+It is the season of reproduction, regeneration,
+
+378
+00:31:00,070 --> 00:31:07,130
+multiplication. And without, you know, like this,
+
+379
+00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:12,300
+You know, I mean, this relationship among these,
+
+380
+00:31:12,500 --> 00:31:17,440
+you know, let's see, creatures, you know, there is
+
+381
+00:31:17,440 --> 00:31:21,580
+no rebirth. So it is very important, like, when we
+
+382
+00:31:21,580 --> 00:31:27,450
+think of the turtle telling her mate a story. What
+
+383
+00:31:27,450 --> 00:31:30,430
+kind of story? Like he talks about the story. But
+
+384
+00:31:30,430 --> 00:31:35,090
+here we are talking about intercourse. Intercourse
+
+385
+00:31:35,090 --> 00:31:39,530
+among like this. Because this is a month of
+
+386
+00:31:39,530 --> 00:31:43,330
+regeneration. But look how he spoke about this.
+
+387
+00:31:43,670 --> 00:31:47,250
+you know, intercourse in a very, you know,
+
+388
+00:31:48,650 --> 00:31:50,650
+euphemistic way. He didn't say, like, they are
+
+389
+00:31:50,650 --> 00:31:54,050
+making love, you know, in a way, but he say, she
+
+390
+00:31:54,050 --> 00:31:56,590
+is, and this is like, we understand, this is like
+
+391
+00:31:56,590 --> 00:31:59,930
+a love story, you know, which involves, like, you
+
+392
+00:31:59,930 --> 00:32:02,950
+know, this intercourse. It's an example of
+
+393
+00:32:02,950 --> 00:32:06,190
+euphemism. But let me go to the poem. Some of you
+
+394
+00:32:06,190 --> 00:32:10,670
+said that this poem is amazing. Who said that?
+
+395
+00:32:13,100 --> 00:32:14,340
+Yeah, you said it is amazing.
+
+396
+00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:23,580
+So you
+
+397
+00:32:23,580 --> 00:32:28,400
+want to say like this poem has very beautiful and
+
+398
+00:32:28,400 --> 00:32:33,560
+lively description. Why? Because of the images. We
+
+399
+00:32:33,560 --> 00:32:36,100
+were talking about the images. We're talking about
+
+400
+00:32:36,100 --> 00:32:40,380
+words that represent an image. We're talking about
+
+401
+00:32:41,230 --> 00:32:45,350
+you know, imagery, like visual images, sound
+
+402
+00:32:45,350 --> 00:32:52,230
+images, you know, kinetic images, thermal images.
+
+403
+00:32:53,210 --> 00:32:56,750
+Okay? There is something I want you to read, you
+
+404
+00:32:56,750 --> 00:32:58,990
+know, in the reader. There is something about
+
+405
+00:32:58,990 --> 00:33:01,310
+imagery, the types of imagery, and I think you
+
+406
+00:33:01,310 --> 00:33:05,050
+should read because, you know, we might discuss
+
+407
+00:33:05,050 --> 00:33:07,710
+this further in the next class.
+
+408
+00:33:11,650 --> 00:33:17,170
+Some of you said like, I was, I liked the poem
+
+409
+00:33:17,170 --> 00:33:23,210
+because he was shifting from the external to the
+
+410
+00:33:23,210 --> 00:33:31,290
+internal. He was like, he gave, you know, like the
+
+411
+00:33:31,290 --> 00:33:35,070
+beautiful description of spring, and suddenly, you
+
+412
+00:33:35,070 --> 00:33:36,890
+know, he shifted to himself.
+
+413
+00:33:40,910 --> 00:33:46,930
+If we look at the last couplet, we have a figure
+
+414
+00:33:46,930 --> 00:33:50,570
+of speech. And thus I see among these pleasant
+
+415
+00:33:50,570 --> 00:33:56,050
+things each care decays and yet my sorrow springs.
+
+416
+00:33:56,470 --> 00:34:00,710
+Like we have paradox. What is the paradox?
+
+417
+00:34:14,970 --> 00:34:20,550
+Yeah, but again, you should be like, what is the
+
+418
+00:34:20,550 --> 00:34:24,510
+paradox exactly? Yes, like the paradox. Can you
+
+419
+00:34:24,510 --> 00:34:27,130
+tell me this is the paradox exactly?
+
+420
+00:34:29,300 --> 00:34:30,160
+Yes, Leila?
+
+421
+00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:42,860
+It is,
+
+422
+00:34:43,040 --> 00:34:45,420
+you know, the paradox, that's right. It's the
+
+423
+00:34:45,420 --> 00:34:48,600
+paradox, you know, the paradox is like in the
+
+424
+00:34:48,600 --> 00:34:52,360
+sorrow springing. Like we have seen like spring
+
+425
+00:34:52,360 --> 00:34:57,560
+has this You know, positive connotation, like all
+
+426
+00:34:57,560 --> 00:35:01,420
+those creatures... ...were influenced by the
+
+427
+00:35:01,420 --> 00:35:04,400
+spring and everything was springing. The trees
+
+428
+00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:09,100
+were sprouting, blooming. You know, every creature
+
+429
+00:35:09,100 --> 00:35:12,920
+was involved in this rebirth. But here, what is
+
+430
+00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:15,460
+springing, what is sprouting, it is the sorrow.
+
+431
+00:35:16,200 --> 00:35:23,040
+Which is a paradox. There is an irony. I think
+
+432
+00:35:23,040 --> 00:35:26,980
+there is an irony. What is the irony? What is the
+
+433
+00:35:26,980 --> 00:35:34,060
+irony? Look here. Yes, Layla, you're doing a good
+
+434
+00:35:34,060 --> 00:35:38,660
+job today. The irony is that all the nature was
+
+435
+00:35:38,660 --> 00:35:41,900
+very beautiful because of the changing in the
+
+436
+00:35:41,900 --> 00:35:46,020
+atmosphere of the nature. But he himself is not
+
+437
+00:35:46,020 --> 00:35:50,280
+happy. Excellent. Yes. Excellent. Yes. So there is
+
+438
+00:35:50,280 --> 00:35:54,020
+disparity. Disparity, you know, it's been
+
+439
+00:35:54,020 --> 00:35:57,780
+disparity, like difference between the outside and
+
+440
+00:35:57,780 --> 00:36:01,670
+the inside, you know? So let me give you like
+
+441
+00:36:01,670 --> 00:36:05,190
+perhaps you're not familiar a lot with the irony.
+
+442
+00:36:05,790 --> 00:36:09,190
+Irony, we have many types of irony. We have verbal
+
+443
+00:36:09,190 --> 00:36:13,050
+irony. We have dramatic irony. We have situational
+
+444
+00:36:13,050 --> 00:36:16,090
+irony. And this is an example of a situational
+
+445
+00:36:16,090 --> 00:36:21,610
+irony. Why? Because here you see the change is
+
+446
+00:36:21,610 --> 00:36:27,690
+dominant. It dominates all the vista, but he's not
+
+447
+00:36:27,690 --> 00:36:31,530
+included. You see what I mean? Martin Luther King,
+
+448
+00:36:32,390 --> 00:36:37,130
+in his famous speech, I Have a Dream, said, you
+
+449
+00:36:37,130 --> 00:36:40,470
+know, and here, you know, we are living in an
+
+450
+00:36:40,470 --> 00:36:45,350
+island of poverty, you know, amidst an ocean of
+
+451
+00:36:45,350 --> 00:36:50,780
+materialistic prosperity. So how come? You are
+
+452
+00:36:50,780 --> 00:36:54,100
+impoverished, you are poor, in a world which was
+
+453
+00:36:54,100 --> 00:36:58,780
+full of opulence and richness. So here there is
+
+454
+00:36:58,780 --> 00:37:02,780
+disparity. So the disparity here, like the change
+
+455
+00:37:02,780 --> 00:37:09,680
+in nature, was dominant. It dominated the whole
+
+456
+00:37:09,680 --> 00:37:12,980
+vista, the whole creatures. But when it comes to
+
+457
+00:37:12,980 --> 00:37:17,820
+the poet, this reminds me of the rhyme of Ancient
+
+458
+00:37:17,820 --> 00:37:23,460
+Mariner. when the mariner was like aspiring for
+
+459
+00:37:23,460 --> 00:37:26,000
+something to drink, but he was in the ocean and he
+
+460
+00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:30,660
+said, water, water, everywhere. The board did
+
+461
+00:37:30,660 --> 00:37:34,080
+shrink, but there is no drop to drink. Don't you
+
+462
+00:37:34,080 --> 00:37:37,500
+think this is an irony? Yes. And here the irony is
+
+463
+00:37:37,500 --> 00:37:42,080
+like, look here, we started to talk about ironies,
+
+464
+00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:46,120
+images, you know, and we have not yet read the
+
+465
+00:37:46,120 --> 00:37:51,550
+poem or even paraphrased it. But you know, when it
+
+466
+00:37:51,550 --> 00:37:54,470
+comes to me, I like this line, the swift swallow
+
+467
+00:37:54,470 --> 00:38:00,070
+pursues the fly's mane. I like this. Why should
+
+468
+00:38:00,070 --> 00:38:05,350
+you like a line like this? Huh? Why should you
+
+469
+00:38:05,350 --> 00:38:09,310
+like, the swift swallow pursues the fly's mane?
+
+470
+00:38:11,270 --> 00:38:19,330
+Okay. Yes? The S sound, yes. The alliteration.
+
+471
+00:38:24,220 --> 00:38:28,460
+And it gives like this sound, the swift swallow.
+
+472
+00:38:29,360 --> 00:38:33,580
+You know, the swift swallow. It is like the sound
+
+473
+00:38:33,580 --> 00:38:37,460
+image. The sound image is made this, the swift
+
+474
+00:38:37,460 --> 00:38:43,470
+swallow. pursues the fly's mate. It's an image.
+
+475
+00:38:43,850 --> 00:38:48,370
+It's an image of hyperactivity, like the swift
+
+476
+00:38:48,370 --> 00:38:52,230
+swallow is relentless, is always following, you
+
+477
+00:38:52,230 --> 00:38:56,910
+know, the flower, like, going there, the flies on
+
+478
+00:38:56,910 --> 00:39:00,850
+the flower. And I like the buzzy bee as well. The
+
+479
+00:39:00,850 --> 00:39:06,640
+buzzy bee. Buzzy bee. We have a sound image here,
+
+480
+00:39:06,820 --> 00:39:11,320
+but we have a figure of speech also. Excellent. We
+
+481
+00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:13,480
+have onomatopoeia.
+
+482
+00:39:15,200 --> 00:39:18,480
+Onomatopoeia, it is like, are you familiar with
+
+483
+00:39:18,480 --> 00:39:25,140
+this term? Onomatopoeia. So I think, you know,
+
+484
+00:39:25,200 --> 00:39:29,980
+here we have a poet who has musical ear more than,
+
+485
+00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:33,440
+you know, our like poet.
+
+486
+00:39:44,210 --> 00:39:46,290
+Okay, I can write it.
+
+487
+00:39:54,230 --> 00:39:59,550
+Onomatopoeia. Onomatopoeia, it means the sound
+
+488
+00:39:59,550 --> 00:40:06,130
+suggests the meaning. And the Meze B, okay, I just
+
+489
+00:40:06,130 --> 00:40:06,870
+write it here.
+
+490
+00:40:09,590 --> 00:40:10,290
+Okay.
+
+491
+00:40:17,290 --> 00:40:22,450
+We mentioned like, perhaps like poetry, like uses
+
+492
+00:40:22,450 --> 00:40:26,070
+onomatopoeia. And I think we once talked about
+
+493
+00:40:26,070 --> 00:40:29,750
+onomatopoeia.
+
+494
+00:40:33,140 --> 00:40:37,880
+Onomatopoeia, like onomatopoeic words like tick,
+
+495
+00:40:38,560 --> 00:40:46,500
+tick, like splash, you know, like kick, like hiss,
+
+496
+00:40:47,340 --> 00:40:51,840
+like whisper, you know, these are onomatopoeic
+
+497
+00:40:51,840 --> 00:40:52,460
+words.
+
+498
+00:40:55,080 --> 00:41:00,960
+Okay, let's look at the poem again. Were you
+
+499
+00:41:00,960 --> 00:41:05,060
+disturbed a little bit by, because some people
+
+500
+00:41:05,060 --> 00:41:09,280
+were disturbed by the soot. This is like Chaucer,
+
+501
+00:41:09,360 --> 00:41:12,180
+huh? Have you ever read something from Chaucer?
+
+502
+00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:19,380
+The soot season, it means the sweet season. Now,
+
+503
+00:41:19,720 --> 00:41:25,760
+the soot and the word eek, like what's been eek?
+
+504
+00:41:26,720 --> 00:41:33,050
+Also, you know? So these words are archaic words,
+
+505
+00:41:34,490 --> 00:41:38,090
+archaic words. And when we say archaic words,
+
+506
+00:41:40,190 --> 00:41:47,610
+words which are old words, archaic,
+
+507
+00:41:56,300 --> 00:42:00,760
+So poets sometimes embellish. You know what's mean
+
+508
+00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:05,920
+embellish? Embellish, beautify. Embellishment,
+
+509
+00:42:06,320 --> 00:42:15,080
+like to beautify, embellish their
+
+510
+00:42:15,080 --> 00:42:21,380
+poetry by using archaic words. And archaism gives
+
+511
+00:42:21,380 --> 00:42:29,560
+a sense of oldness, a rustic nature to the poem.
+
+512
+00:42:30,640 --> 00:42:35,380
+It's like it makes it very poetic. And I think
+
+513
+00:42:35,380 --> 00:42:39,560
+later this use of archaism will be developed more
+
+514
+00:42:39,560 --> 00:42:43,800
+and more by the famous Elizabethan poet, I mean
+
+515
+00:42:43,800 --> 00:42:48,840
+Edmund Spencer. I know we don't have time, but
+
+516
+00:42:48,840 --> 00:42:55,870
+I'll do my best to paraphrase with you the poem in
+
+517
+00:42:55,870 --> 00:42:59,630
+order to reconsider, like the poem next time, in a
+
+518
+00:42:59,630 --> 00:43:03,310
+very critical manner.
+
+519
+00:43:04,990 --> 00:43:08,870
+Let's read the poem. The soot season that bud and
+
+520
+00:43:08,870 --> 00:43:14,990
+bloom forth springs with green hath clad the hill
+
+521
+00:43:14,990 --> 00:43:22,270
+and eke the vale. It is, see here, The season of
+
+522
+00:43:22,270 --> 00:43:26,510
+spring is dominating the whole vista. It's
+
+523
+00:43:26,510 --> 00:43:29,890
+dominating the whole vista. And this shows how
+
+524
+00:43:29,890 --> 00:43:36,530
+entire the change is. How entire. It is very
+
+525
+00:43:36,530 --> 00:43:41,430
+panoramic. Very panoramic. We're talking about a
+
+526
+00:43:41,430 --> 00:43:45,670
+change in nature. So it included every creature
+
+527
+00:43:45,670 --> 00:43:48,130
+and every aspect of nature. With the greenhouse
+
+528
+00:43:48,130 --> 00:43:52,440
+cloud, the hill and the lake, the vale. Okay, now
+
+529
+00:43:52,440 --> 00:43:54,140
+we'll talk about personification, figures of
+
+530
+00:43:54,140 --> 00:43:57,540
+speech, imagery next time, but this is like to
+
+531
+00:43:57,540 --> 00:44:00,900
+preface the poem. The nightingale with feather now
+
+532
+00:44:00,900 --> 00:44:04,640
+she sings. The nightingale with feather now she
+
+533
+00:44:04,640 --> 00:44:11,860
+sings. Okay? The turtle to her make hath told her
+
+534
+00:44:11,860 --> 00:44:17,030
+tale. Summer is coming. For every spring now
+
+535
+00:44:17,030 --> 00:44:21,270
+springs. Again spring and spring. It is full of
+
+536
+00:44:21,270 --> 00:44:26,350
+sound, you know. The heart has hung his old head
+
+537
+00:44:26,350 --> 00:44:32,770
+on the... What is the heart? The male deer. The
+
+538
+00:44:32,770 --> 00:44:36,450
+buck. It breaks. What is the buck? Also a deer,
+
+539
+00:44:36,750 --> 00:44:41,610
+but it's a male. Look here. Some of the creatures
+
+540
+00:44:41,610 --> 00:44:46,810
+are male, and we know that males are not always
+
+541
+00:44:46,810 --> 00:44:52,810
+associated with rebirth. But here, why do you
+
+542
+00:44:52,810 --> 00:44:54,930
+think that mentioning the male is significant?
+
+543
+00:44:56,630 --> 00:45:02,210
+This shows How powerful the thrust of life is. You
+
+544
+00:45:02,210 --> 00:45:04,690
+know what it means? The thrust of life. The power
+
+545
+00:45:04,690 --> 00:45:08,010
+of life. It is very powerful. The motive of life
+
+546
+00:45:08,010 --> 00:45:12,630
+is powerful. It is so powerful that it included
+
+547
+00:45:12,630 --> 00:45:16,250
+even the male creatures... ...who are not
+
+548
+00:45:16,250 --> 00:45:19,610
+associated with rebirth. Because rebirth is all
+
+549
+00:45:19,610 --> 00:45:22,850
+the time associated with the feminine. With female
+
+550
+00:45:22,850 --> 00:45:30,280
+rather than male. Okay, the fishes float with new
+
+551
+00:45:30,280 --> 00:45:33,880
+repaired scale. What a wonderful image is this.
+
+552
+00:45:35,120 --> 00:45:39,200
+The other, all her slough away she slinks. The
+
+553
+00:45:39,200 --> 00:45:44,360
+other, the snake, the swift swallow pursues the
+
+554
+00:45:44,360 --> 00:45:49,720
+fly's male. Swallow is moving from one branch of
+
+555
+00:45:49,720 --> 00:45:54,420
+tree to another to follow, you know, the fly. The
+
+556
+00:45:54,420 --> 00:45:59,520
+busy bee here, honey now, she minks. Minks, mixes.
+
+557
+00:46:00,180 --> 00:46:04,160
+It is mingles, you know. Winter is one that was
+
+558
+00:46:04,160 --> 00:46:08,980
+flowers big. So here, the whole stanza is
+
+559
+00:46:08,980 --> 00:46:14,220
+recapitulated by this line. Winter is behind.
+
+560
+00:46:14,640 --> 00:46:21,320
+Winter is behind now. And thus, I see among these
+
+561
+00:46:21,320 --> 00:46:26,190
+pleasant things Each care decays, and yet my
+
+562
+00:46:26,190 --> 00:46:31,250
+sorrow springs. Very sad. So look here, it's a
+
+563
+00:46:31,250 --> 00:46:37,170
+shift. It is like, as if you see here, like we
+
+564
+00:46:37,170 --> 00:46:40,990
+have parallelism. Each line, there is, you know,
+
+565
+00:46:41,530 --> 00:46:45,870
+something changing from death to life. But
+
+566
+00:46:45,870 --> 00:46:51,530
+suddenly, you know, something is immune to change.
+
+567
+00:46:52,300 --> 00:46:57,180
+is not susceptible to change, which is like the
+
+568
+00:46:57,180 --> 00:47:01,980
+misery and the agony. Okay, so you see we have a
+
+569
+00:47:01,980 --> 00:47:05,820
+novel man who's talking about his suffering in a
+
+570
+00:47:05,820 --> 00:47:11,360
+very polite and gentle manner. So I think we have
+
+571
+00:47:11,360 --> 00:47:14,960
+a a better idea about the poem. Next time, we're
+
+572
+00:47:14,960 --> 00:47:20,200
+going to concentrate on this poem more, to explore
+
+573
+00:47:20,200 --> 00:47:23,160
+it further, to see the figures of speech, to see
+
+574
+00:47:23,160 --> 00:47:28,860
+the rhyme, the rhythm, the sonic, and so on. Side
+
+575
+00:47:28,860 --> 00:47:33,740
+by side, I want you also to prepare the second
+
+576
+00:47:33,740 --> 00:47:38,660
+part of the critical plan, okay? So do you have
+
+577
+00:47:38,660 --> 00:47:40,880
+any question? Thank you.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/LE5sUeIfHpY.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1471 @@
+
+1
+00:00:12,220 --> 00:00:19,360
+Good morning everybody. How are you? Good. How was 
+
+2
+00:00:19,360 --> 00:00:25,760
+the weekend first? Did you have a nice time? Why?
+
+3
+00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:31,480
+You have to study. We had to study. To study what?
+
+4
+00:00:33,740 --> 00:00:41,000
+To study for exams. More exams. Good. And I think 
+
+5
+00:00:41,000 --> 00:00:44,900
+you had the poetry exam. Yes. How was it? Yes. It
+
+6
+00:00:44,900 --> 00:00:48,860
+was good. But the time was not enough. The time 
+
+7
+00:00:48,860 --> 00:00:52,360
+was not enough? Yes. I think we gave you five
+
+8
+00:00:52,360 --> 00:00:57,140
+minutes more. No. Yes. Just enough. Okay, we said 
+
+9
+00:00:57,140 --> 00:01:00,040
+like I told them to give you five minutes more. I 
+
+10
+00:01:00,040 --> 00:01:03,120
+think even like some students finished before the
+
+11
+00:01:03,120 --> 00:01:08,040
+hour. And yes, so it depends like how you organize 
+
+12
+00:01:08,040 --> 00:01:11,220
+your time. It depends like what you are writing. 
+
+13
+00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:14,240
+If you remember the second question didn't need
+
+14
+00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:18,060
+like long time or space even. You have to answer
+
+15
+00:01:18,060 --> 00:01:25,170
+the questions in one or two lines. Good. So today
+
+16
+00:01:25,170 --> 00:01:30,990
+we are going to have a big leap. You know what's
+
+17
+00:01:30,990 --> 00:01:35,930
+mean leap? Jump, like we're going to skip perhaps 
+
+18
+00:01:35,930 --> 00:01:42,470
+a century and a half. You know last week before 
+
+19
+00:01:42,470 --> 00:01:47,750
+the exam we discussed the mathematical poetry 
+
+20
+00:01:47,750 --> 00:01:51,370
+represented by John Donne and his poem, Better My
+
+21
+00:01:51,370 --> 00:01:54,850
+Heart. So we had a feeling about the century, the
+
+22
+00:01:54,850 --> 00:01:57,750
+intellectualism of the century, the political 
+
+23
+00:01:57,750 --> 00:01:58,570
+uncertainty,
+
+24
+00:02:01,270 --> 00:02:05,330
+the subversive poetic technique of those
+
+25
+00:02:05,330 --> 00:02:07,070
+metaphysical poets.
+
+26
+00:02:09,890 --> 00:02:13,710
+We also saw, when I gave you a historical
+
+27
+00:02:13,710 --> 00:02:19,090
+background, how the 17th century was full of 
+
+28
+00:02:19,090 --> 00:02:25,890
+revolutions, unrest, instability, political 
+
+29
+00:02:25,890 --> 00:02:30,570
+controversies and debates, and how it ended or,
+
+30
+00:02:30,830 --> 00:02:34,450
+you know, the revolution itself ended with the
+
+31
+00:02:34,450 --> 00:02:40,260
+restoration of the king. Today, we're going I
+
+32
+00:02:40,260 --> 00:02:44,180
+mean, we're skipping the Restoration period. 
+
+33
+00:02:44,900 --> 00:02:48,060
+However, I think it is indispensable, if not
+
+34
+00:02:48,060 --> 00:02:51,140
+imperative, that we should talk something about 
+
+35
+00:02:51,140 --> 00:02:56,300
+that period because it is difficult to estimate or
+
+36
+00:02:56,300 --> 00:03:01,120
+understand Romanticism without talking about the
+
+37
+00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:03,140
+Restoration period or what is called 
+
+38
+00:03:03,140 --> 00:03:06,560
+alternatively, the Age of Reason or the Augustan 
+
+39
+00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:11,140
+Age. I don't want to start lecturing before 
+
+40
+00:03:11,140 --> 00:03:15,780
+listening to your reports, you know, and if you 
+
+41
+00:03:15,780 --> 00:03:18,720
+have a response I don't mind, but I want to listen 
+
+42
+00:03:18,720 --> 00:03:21,680
+to reports because it seems like after the exam
+
+43
+00:03:21,680 --> 00:03:25,580
+some students had something to say. Yes, please. 
+
+44
+00:03:33,550 --> 00:03:36,090
+My poem is about stress. You have to say good
+
+45
+00:03:36,090 --> 00:03:40,070
+morning for you. Good morning everybody. Stress 
+
+46
+00:03:40,070 --> 00:03:43,430
+and pressure, pressure, that's unfair. There are 
+
+47
+00:03:43,430 --> 00:03:46,490
+many duties to have, so I have to take exams, 
+
+48
+00:03:46,730 --> 00:03:49,570
+presentations and researches everywhere. Go to
+
+49
+00:03:49,570 --> 00:03:52,350
+this library and another one is there. Look for 
+
+50
+00:03:52,350 --> 00:03:56,590
+books in shelves ground and there. Would you mind 
+
+51
+00:03:56,590 --> 00:04:00,030
+boring some sir? Thinking and rethinking is what
+
+52
+00:04:00,030 --> 00:04:05,550
+to do and dare. Am I have a choice to say stop it
+
+53
+00:04:05,550 --> 00:04:11,050
+or I guess no, I just have to obey. Anyone help me
+
+54
+00:04:11,050 --> 00:04:13,770
+please, I can't stand, I can't stand and bear. 
+
+55
+00:04:14,070 --> 00:04:17,490
+Thank you. Thank you very much. It's a wonderful 
+
+56
+00:04:17,490 --> 00:04:21,090
+poem and it shows that we are on the right track.
+
+57
+00:04:21,950 --> 00:04:24,610
+I mean, we teachers, we department, we are on the 
+
+58
+00:04:24,610 --> 00:04:28,770
+right track because yes, we succeeded in putting 
+
+59
+00:04:28,770 --> 00:04:33,290
+you in much trouble. And I think this is where you 
+
+60
+00:04:33,290 --> 00:04:35,570
+can learn, where you can develop your skills. 
+
+61
+00:04:38,490 --> 00:04:43,250
+Yes, I was thinking of the oxymoron which says,
+
+62
+00:04:43,850 --> 00:04:45,970
+you know, this is what we call the delicious 
+
+63
+00:04:45,970 --> 00:04:51,610
+torment. You know, something is like torture, 
+
+64
+00:04:52,170 --> 00:04:56,770
+torment, but it is delicious. Why? Because You 
+
+65
+00:04:56,770 --> 00:05:01,050
+benefit, you learn from this experience of being 
+
+66
+00:05:01,050 --> 00:05:04,010
+under the pressure of the exam, under the pressure
+
+67
+00:05:04,010 --> 00:05:07,930
+of lectures, classes, coming in even under the
+
+68
+00:05:07,930 --> 00:05:12,870
+pressure of fluctuating weather. It's good. Okay,
+
+69
+00:05:13,170 --> 00:05:16,570
+there is space for another report.
+
+70
+00:05:18,130 --> 00:05:23,950
+And this time I have to pick out one. Yes? Yes.
+
+71
+00:05:32,420 --> 00:05:37,150
+Good morning everybody. In that day, we come to
+
+72
+00:05:37,150 --> 00:05:40,110
+the lecture with frustration because we suffered a 
+
+73
+00:05:40,110 --> 00:05:42,990
+lot in that day and we had an examination. 
+
+74
+00:05:43,490 --> 00:05:45,970
+Actually, at the beginning of that day, I came 
+
+75
+00:05:45,970 --> 00:05:48,870
+with some motivation to the poetry lecture. But
+
+76
+00:05:48,870 --> 00:05:52,270
+unfortunately, I remembered our exam and began to 
+
+77
+00:05:52,270 --> 00:05:54,730
+feel in pressure. I believe in that condition 
+
+78
+00:05:54,730 --> 00:05:57,390
+which says if you study hard, you will get a high
+
+79
+00:05:57,390 --> 00:06:00,610
+mark. But what is the benefit we harvest because 
+
+80
+00:06:00,610 --> 00:06:03,690
+of the serious study and then we feel like a
+
+81
+00:06:03,690 --> 00:06:06,880
+broken heart? Actually, I don't like to make you 
+
+82
+00:06:06,880 --> 00:06:11,720
+hate exams. I don't want to exaggerate. Just what
+
+83
+00:06:11,720 --> 00:06:14,540
+I like to say that the crowded schedule of exams
+
+84
+00:06:14,540 --> 00:06:18,600
+this semester made me to become so desperate. Made
+
+85
+00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:23,000
+me become what? Oh God, I forgot to talk about the 
+
+86
+00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:25,840
+pottery lecture. Actually, this is the only thing 
+
+87
+00:06:25,840 --> 00:06:29,220
+I admire because it motivates me to like it with 
+
+88
+00:06:29,220 --> 00:06:30,680
+some feelings of desire.
+
+89
+00:06:34,780 --> 00:06:38,440
+We continued explaining about the poem of John 
+
+90
+00:06:38,440 --> 00:06:42,620
+Donne and discussed many issues about that with
+
+91
+00:06:42,620 --> 00:06:46,020
+some fun. After that, Mr. Habib explained for us
+
+92
+00:06:46,020 --> 00:06:50,520
+the main features of metaphysical poetry and then 
+
+93
+00:06:50,520 --> 00:06:54,360
+we talked about the exam of poetry and he advised 
+
+94
+00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:57,940
+us to concentrate in our study by saying, poetry
+
+95
+00:06:57,940 --> 00:07:01,080
+is poetry. Ah, this is very interesting.
+
+96
+00:07:03,670 --> 00:07:09,890
+Right. Thank you for your reports. Today is
+
+97
+00:07:09,890 --> 00:07:13,210
+supposed to be a general background about
+
+98
+00:07:13,210 --> 00:07:18,710
+Romanticism. And as I said in the introductory 
+
+99
+00:07:18,710 --> 00:07:22,790
+note, we cannot understand Romanticism without 
+
+100
+00:07:22,790 --> 00:07:28,310
+understanding the period before that.
+
+101
+00:07:31,710 --> 00:07:34,130
+So the restoration period, which was called
+
+102
+00:07:34,130 --> 00:07:41,090
+alternatively the Augustan Age, was the age of 
+
+103
+00:07:41,090 --> 00:07:47,110
+reason also. Reason was privileged over passion,
+
+104
+00:07:47,950 --> 00:07:52,210
+over feelings. Everything was governed by reason. 
+
+105
+00:07:55,370 --> 00:07:58,210
+Imagination expressing
+
+106
+00:07:59,770 --> 00:08:06,070
+your feelings were things of like taboos. People
+
+107
+00:08:06,070 --> 00:08:10,310
+who intended to express their own feelings to 
+
+108
+00:08:10,310 --> 00:08:15,330
+write imaginative literature were seen as like 
+
+109
+00:08:15,330 --> 00:08:21,450
+crazy or lunatic. The age was characterized by
+
+110
+00:08:21,450 --> 00:08:28,030
+certain rules, certain social and even poetic 
+
+111
+00:08:28,030 --> 00:08:28,510
+rules.
+
+112
+00:08:33,670 --> 00:08:38,150
+In terms like society was more important than 
+
+113
+00:08:38,150 --> 00:08:39,390
+individual. 
+
+114
+00:08:41,450 --> 00:08:46,570
+It was the age of industry. I mean, we are talking 
+
+115
+00:08:46,570 --> 00:08:51,410
+about 18th century. It was the age of industrial 
+
+116
+00:08:51,410 --> 00:08:58,770
+revolution. It was the age of mechanization. So
+
+117
+00:08:58,770 --> 00:09:04,630
+individuals, were replaced by machine. Man was 
+
+118
+00:09:04,630 --> 00:09:08,410
+replaced by machine. And that was a little bit
+
+119
+00:09:08,410 --> 00:09:13,270
+disappointing to people, to individuals, because 
+
+120
+00:09:13,270 --> 00:09:17,410
+losing your place, being replaced by a machine
+
+121
+00:09:17,410 --> 00:09:21,650
+causes some disillusionment in your mental
+
+122
+00:09:21,650 --> 00:09:23,330
+landscape.
+
+123
+00:09:27,590 --> 00:09:33,250
+Things like, as I said, poets like Alexander Pope, 
+
+124
+00:09:33,590 --> 00:09:39,970
+John Dryden, were having the supremacy. John
+
+125
+00:09:39,970 --> 00:09:43,950
+Dryden, or I mean Alexander Pope, wrote many poems
+
+126
+00:09:43,950 --> 00:09:47,230
+telling
+
+127
+00:09:47,230 --> 00:09:52,190
+people what to do. So their poetry was didactic
+
+128
+00:09:52,190 --> 00:09:54,790
+poetry. You know what I mean, didactic? Yes.
+
+129
+00:09:59,420 --> 00:10:05,280
+teaches lessons. Yes. Yes, their poetry was 
+
+130
+00:10:05,280 --> 00:10:08,820
+didactic. They were telling people like what to 
+
+131
+00:10:08,820 --> 00:10:10,120
+do, how to behave.
+
+132
+00:10:14,660 --> 00:10:19,480
+Alexander Poe in his poem on nature, he said, 
+
+133
+00:10:20,160 --> 00:10:24,900
+first follow nature and your judgment frame. They 
+
+134
+00:10:24,900 --> 00:10:28,970
+are never erring. They are always the same. So
+
+135
+00:10:28,970 --> 00:10:33,310
+nature, he said, it's in your book, Alexander
+
+136
+00:10:33,310 --> 00:10:40,850
+Pope, you know, on nature. He says, first follow
+
+137
+00:10:40,850 --> 00:10:44,250
+nature and your judgment frame. They are never
+
+138
+00:10:44,250 --> 00:10:46,070
+erring, they are always the same.
+
+139
+00:10:49,870 --> 00:10:52,950
+I'm trying to retrieve it here. First follow
+
+140
+00:10:52,950 --> 00:10:55,990
+nature and your judgment frame. It's from ASA to 
+
+141
+00:10:55,990 --> 00:11:00,620
+criticism. What is he telling us? Yes, as you see,
+
+142
+00:11:00,880 --> 00:11:05,140
+yes, this is part of, you know, I cannot have 
+
+143
+00:11:05,140 --> 00:11:10,500
+access to the poem. Okay, but we can skip it. So
+
+144
+00:11:10,500 --> 00:11:12,440
+as you see in the poem, he's telling us what to 
+
+145
+00:11:12,440 --> 00:11:16,020
+do. To follow nature.
+
+146
+00:11:18,200 --> 00:11:23,670
+To follow nature. and follow reason. Nature was 
+
+147
+00:11:23,670 --> 00:11:27,430
+full of rules. Later in the Romantic period, we're 
+
+148
+00:11:27,430 --> 00:11:30,990
+going to see the Romantics following nature. But
+
+149
+00:11:30,990 --> 00:11:35,150
+their perception of nature will be quite different 
+
+150
+00:11:35,150 --> 00:11:40,570
+from the neoclassical perception of nature. The
+
+151
+00:11:40,570 --> 00:11:45,730
+neoclassics, I mean those
+
+152
+00:11:45,730 --> 00:11:49,310
+poets of the Age of Reason, believe that nature
+
+153
+00:11:51,300 --> 00:11:54,020
+was an example to be followed because it was 
+
+154
+00:11:54,020 --> 00:11:57,900
+systematic. It was following rules. The day was
+
+155
+00:11:57,900 --> 00:12:00,620
+following the night in a very systematic, the
+
+156
+00:12:00,620 --> 00:12:03,860
+seasons. So if you want to learn how to organize 
+
+157
+00:12:03,860 --> 00:12:07,460
+yourself, you have to look at nature, which is 
+
+158
+00:12:07,460 --> 00:12:11,680
+methodized according to what Alexander Pope says
+
+159
+00:12:11,680 --> 00:12:17,010
+in A.C. in Chrysism. So their main concern was not 
+
+160
+00:12:17,010 --> 00:12:24,170
+to sway, not to go astray. So if you follow
+
+161
+00:12:24,170 --> 00:12:31,030
+reason, your mind, if you follow nature, you're
+
+162
+00:12:31,030 --> 00:12:34,310
+going to be all right. However, if you follow your
+
+163
+00:12:34,310 --> 00:12:38,630
+imagination, if you follow your idiosyncratic
+
+164
+00:12:38,630 --> 00:12:44,880
+feelings, you'll be Yes, you'll be mad. You'll be
+
+165
+00:12:44,880 --> 00:12:49,580
+marginalized. You're not a normal human being. 
+
+166
+00:12:50,740 --> 00:12:54,100
+Within this culture, I mean, the culture of 
+
+167
+00:12:54,100 --> 00:13:00,360
+reason, as I said, the main concern was society. 
+
+168
+00:13:02,280 --> 00:13:08,880
+The position of the individual was relegated, you 
+
+169
+00:13:08,880 --> 00:13:18,860
+know, got a very minor place in the concern of the
+
+170
+00:13:18,860 --> 00:13:22,620
+age itself. So the individual position was not
+
+171
+00:13:22,620 --> 00:13:26,800
+seen, individual was not seen as what the
+
+172
+00:13:26,800 --> 00:13:30,440
+romantics would later say, a reservoir of
+
+173
+00:13:30,440 --> 00:13:35,720
+possibilities. The individual was seen as only a 
+
+174
+00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:39,620
+member in that community. So you are only 
+
+175
+00:13:39,620 --> 00:13:43,620
+important as long as you are part of that 
+
+176
+00:13:43,620 --> 00:13:48,320
+community. Even children, children were not looked 
+
+177
+00:13:48,320 --> 00:13:54,360
+at as being innocent, but children were looked at
+
+178
+00:13:54,360 --> 00:14:01,120
+as being they would be men of a society, like the 
+
+179
+00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:04,320
+men who would, they are children, but they
+
+180
+00:14:04,320 --> 00:14:08,720
+shouldn't be dealt with as children, they should
+
+181
+00:14:08,720 --> 00:14:14,780
+be dealt with as grown up. So it was a culture, it
+
+182
+00:14:14,780 --> 00:14:20,280
+was a very culture of restrictions. And even in 
+
+183
+00:14:20,280 --> 00:14:24,600
+poetry, they had certain poetic rules.
+
+184
+00:14:27,150 --> 00:14:30,690
+They have something called heroic couplet. What is
+
+185
+00:14:30,690 --> 00:14:35,430
+heroic couplet? In a heroic couplet, if you look
+
+186
+00:14:35,430 --> 00:14:37,990
+again at first follow nature and your judgment 
+
+187
+00:14:37,990 --> 00:14:41,650
+frame, I think you would find what is heroic
+
+188
+00:14:41,650 --> 00:14:49,210
+couplet of two lines. So first, follow nature and
+
+189
+00:14:49,210 --> 00:14:53,030
+your judgment frame. They are never erring. They
+
+190
+00:14:53,030 --> 00:14:58,370
+are always the same. And if you continue, you'll 
+
+191
+00:14:58,370 --> 00:15:03,850
+have also each two lines have the same rhyme. This 
+
+192
+00:15:03,850 --> 00:15:07,490
+is like a rule. If you want to write poetry, you
+
+193
+00:15:07,490 --> 00:15:11,950
+don't have to write it in different rhyme.
+
+194
+00:15:13,750 --> 00:15:18,670
+Otherwise, you're not writing good poetry. And 
+
+195
+00:15:
+
+223
+00:17:56,330 --> 00:18:00,970
+the adjective before, sorry, after the noun. So
+
+224
+00:18:00,970 --> 00:18:06,490
+instead of saying the valley, the profound valley
+
+225
+00:18:06,490 --> 00:18:09,350
+or the deep valley, they would say the valley
+
+226
+00:18:09,350 --> 00:18:17,420
+deep. That was the spirit of the 18th century,
+
+227
+00:18:17,820 --> 00:18:21,100
+early 18th century, and even the whole 18th
+
+228
+00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:21,440
+century.
+
+229
+00:18:24,160 --> 00:18:28,640
+It continued like this. Industrial revolution
+
+230
+00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:35,800
+prospered more and more. Industry invaded the
+
+231
+00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:42,190
+countryside, and even the countryside was
+
+232
+00:18:42,190 --> 00:18:46,450
+partitioned with what was called the Enclosure
+
+233
+00:18:46,450 --> 00:18:50,870
+Act. I mean, instead of having the landscape as
+
+234
+00:18:50,870 --> 00:18:55,270
+one landscape, they started to make it like farms,
+
+235
+00:18:56,170 --> 00:19:00,690
+you know, small farms to graze animals, like to
+
+236
+00:19:00,690 --> 00:19:04,230
+have farms. Everybody was having his farm to grow
+
+237
+00:19:04,230 --> 00:19:05,810
+or to have more product.
+
+238
+00:19:10,790 --> 00:19:17,690
+William Blake, the pre-romantic poet, was born, I 
+
+239
+00:19:17,690 --> 00:19:23,730
+think, 15, sorry, he was born 17, he was born
+
+240
+00:19:23,730 --> 00:19:26,550
+1757.
+
+241
+00:19:29,270 --> 00:19:32,910
+So he was born in the middle of the century, and
+
+242
+00:19:32,910 --> 00:19:34,550
+he was born in London.
+
+243
+00:19:37,820 --> 00:19:42,400
+And when he started, he learned at school. There
+
+244
+00:19:42,400 --> 00:19:45,980
+were schools, but he didn't continue. He learned
+
+245
+00:19:45,980 --> 00:19:53,760
+as a printer, as a grave digger. He was engraving,
+
+246
+00:19:53,980 --> 00:19:58,340
+not a grave digger. He was engraving on graves. He
+
+247
+00:19:58,340 --> 00:20:01,520
+was an engraver. You know what's an engraver? Like
+
+248
+00:20:01,520 --> 00:20:08,430
+digging on stones and copper. He was an artist. So
+
+249
+00:20:08,430 --> 00:20:13,830
+William Blake started... He was an artist. At the
+
+250
+00:20:13,830 --> 00:20:20,510
+same time, he was a poet. But when he started to
+
+251
+00:20:20,510 --> 00:20:25,390
+write poetry, his poetry was not read. He was
+
+252
+00:20:25,390 --> 00:20:28,010
+not... Why? Why do you think his poetry was not
+
+253
+00:20:28,010 --> 00:20:32,390
+read? He didn't publish it. Why? It's a good
+
+254
+00:20:32,390 --> 00:20:36,700
+starting point. Why didn't he publish it? Perhaps
+
+255
+00:20:36,700 --> 00:20:40,900
+because he was poor. This is a possibility. He
+
+256
+00:20:40,900 --> 00:20:44,300
+didn't have money to, you know, but he was
+
+257
+00:20:44,300 --> 00:20:47,100
+working. He was a hardworking man. So I guess he
+
+258
+00:20:47,100 --> 00:20:51,480
+had money to publish. But what are the reasons why
+
+259
+00:20:51,480 --> 00:20:54,480
+wouldn't he get his works published?
+
+260
+00:20:57,120 --> 00:20:58,160
+What do you think?
+
+261
+00:21:00,940 --> 00:21:04,040
+Maybe because it was against that age and against
+
+262
+00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:10,580
+Yes, this is right. Because he was writing poetry
+
+263
+00:21:10,580 --> 00:21:14,820
+against the expectation of his time. He was
+
+264
+00:21:14,820 --> 00:21:20,900
+writing poetry contradicting the spirit of the
+
+265
+00:21:20,900 --> 00:21:25,460
+time. He was not conforming to the rules of poetic
+
+266
+00:21:25,460 --> 00:21:30,720
+diction. He was not writing following the heroic
+
+267
+00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:35,530
+couplet. He was writing poetry of vision, of
+
+268
+00:21:35,530 --> 00:21:42,330
+imagination. That's why he was described as the
+
+269
+00:21:42,330 --> 00:21:48,930
+madman. Yes, William Blake was described as a
+
+270
+00:21:48,930 --> 00:21:54,130
+madman. Why? Because his poetry was not conforming
+
+271
+00:21:54,130 --> 00:21:58,030
+to the expectation of the time, was not following
+
+272
+00:21:58,030 --> 00:22:03,040
+the rules. He was not abiding himself by the rules
+
+273
+00:22:03,040 --> 00:22:06,400
+of the poetic diction, by, you know, just
+
+274
+00:22:06,400 --> 00:22:09,760
+following reason. He was writing poetry of
+
+275
+00:22:09,760 --> 00:22:14,280
+imagination and feelings.
+
+276
+00:22:15,280 --> 00:22:19,760
+So in his poetry, it was passion which dominated.
+
+277
+00:22:20,860 --> 00:22:25,460
+It was imagination. His poetry was very symbolic.
+
+278
+00:22:26,860 --> 00:22:31,760
+This is a good background when we approach William
+
+279
+00:22:31,760 --> 00:22:34,840
+Blake next time, and we approach his poem, The
+
+280
+00:22:34,840 --> 00:22:35,360
+Sick Crows.
+
+281
+00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:41,740
+His poetry was revolutionary, as I said. It was
+
+282
+00:22:41,740 --> 00:22:45,060
+against the restriction of the time in terms of
+
+283
+00:22:45,060 --> 00:22:48,760
+rules, poetic rules, and even religious rules. He
+
+284
+00:22:48,760 --> 00:22:53,720
+was against He was not against the Bible, but he
+
+285
+00:22:53,720 --> 00:22:57,520
+was against the established church, the organized
+
+286
+00:22:57,520 --> 00:23:02,640
+religion. He was against religion because during
+
+287
+00:23:02,640 --> 00:23:09,800
+his time, he was very cynical. Those who were
+
+288
+00:23:09,800 --> 00:23:17,560
+religious people were not very virtuous people. So
+
+289
+00:23:17,560 --> 00:23:19,940
+those who were calling for virtue were not
+
+290
+00:23:19,940 --> 00:23:25,940
+virtuous. They were hypocrites. And those who were
+
+291
+00:23:25,940 --> 00:23:32,960
+stigmatized as being devilish, bad people, they
+
+292
+00:23:32,960 --> 00:23:39,600
+were okay. So they were, you know, the opposite.
+
+293
+00:23:41,380 --> 00:23:46,920
+That was confusing to him. And that's what made
+
+294
+00:23:46,920 --> 00:23:51,420
+him see the picture in a different way. William
+
+295
+00:23:51,420 --> 00:24:00,360
+Blake did not see black in isolation to white. So
+
+296
+00:24:00,360 --> 00:24:04,020
+he saw that white and black were complementing
+
+297
+00:24:04,020 --> 00:24:08,820
+each other. His philosophy was based on his
+
+298
+00:24:08,820 --> 00:24:14,420
+articulation that without progressions, without
+
+299
+00:24:14,420 --> 00:24:17,520
+contraries, there is no progression.
+
+300
+00:24:20,090 --> 00:24:24,950
+You might have read that he wrote his famous
+
+301
+00:24:24,950 --> 00:24:28,630
+collection of poetry was the collection, I mean,
+
+302
+00:24:29,230 --> 00:24:32,850
+The Songs of Innocence and The Songs of
+
+303
+00:24:32,850 --> 00:24:37,510
+Experience. The Songs of Innocence were poems,
+
+304
+00:24:38,050 --> 00:24:41,030
+collection of poems written to celebrate
+
+305
+00:24:41,030 --> 00:24:49,210
+innocence, the values of childhood, the values I 
+
+306
+00:24:49,210 --> 00:24:54,890
+mean, the innate human values, the simplicity of
+
+307
+00:24:54,890 --> 00:25:03,130
+life. Experience, like when he was talking about
+
+308
+00:25:03,130 --> 00:25:07,910
+experience, he was trying to show how experience
+
+309
+00:25:07,910 --> 00:25:11,970
+was oppressive to the world of innocence. How
+
+310
+00:25:11,970 --> 00:25:19,470
+experience was suppressing man's innate you know,
+
+311
+00:25:19,590 --> 00:25:26,130
+goodness. It was victimizing his, I mean,
+
+312
+00:25:26,210 --> 00:25:30,050
+goodness. Experience was, what is experience? Let
+
+313
+00:25:30,050 --> 00:25:35,150
+me clarify. Okay, experience was represented by
+
+314
+00:25:35,150 --> 00:25:39,670
+rules. Experience was represented by religious
+
+315
+00:25:39,670 --> 00:25:45,710
+restrictions. So he was against that and he
+
+316
+00:25:45,710 --> 00:25:50,800
+thought that innocence and experience should be
+
+317
+00:25:50,800 --> 00:25:53,700
+like there should be harmony between them.
+
+318
+00:25:56,580 --> 00:25:58,860
+He created his own mythology.
+
+319
+00:26:02,020 --> 00:26:09,160
+He thought that, you know, the word of experience,
+
+320
+00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:14,920
+the word of innocence is beneath and the word of
+
+321
+00:26:14,920 --> 00:26:20,010
+experience is above. But above the word of
+
+322
+00:26:20,010 --> 00:26:23,790
+innocence, there is God called Horizon. He was
+
+323
+00:26:23,790 --> 00:26:29,650
+always trying to suppress the eruption of the word
+
+324
+00:26:29,650 --> 00:26:34,510
+of innocence.
+
+325
+00:26:35,890 --> 00:26:38,470
+He thought that there should be a kind of harmony
+
+326
+00:26:38,470 --> 00:26:44,310
+between the two. I know this is very abstract.
+
+327
+00:26:44,590 --> 00:26:50,300
+This is very difficult. We cannot appreciate this
+
+328
+00:26:50,300 --> 00:26:57,520
+until we look at, you know, the poems more
+
+329
+00:26:57,520 --> 00:27:05,080
+closely. I mean, look at The Sick Rose and The
+
+330
+00:27:05,080 --> 00:27:11,700
+Tiger. Both of them are symbolic. Both of them
+
+331
+00:27:11,700 --> 00:27:15,400
+speak about — they don't speak about reason. They
+
+332
+00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:19,580
+don't speak about religion, but they speak about
+
+333
+00:27:19,580 --> 00:27:22,400
+the contrary of that. They speak about feelings.
+
+334
+00:27:22,560 --> 00:27:25,620
+They speak about imagination. So I want you to
+
+335
+00:27:25,620 --> 00:27:29,940
+prepare them very well, to prepare the two poems,
+
+336
+00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:33,520
+and to respond to them next time. Some of you
+
+337
+00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:37,800
+might have had a response to that, I bet. Not?
+
+338
+00:27:39,060 --> 00:27:43,320
+Yes? Yeah, what did you say about the sick rose?
+
+339
+00:27:43,700 --> 00:27:45,520
+Why was the rose sick, you know?
+
+340
+00:27:48,700 --> 00:27:54,180
+The rose is
+
+341
+00:27:54,180 --> 00:27:58,320
+about maybe love or something like that because it
+
+342
+00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:02,000
+is romanticism and the sick is a power or
+
+343
+00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:08,230
+something or a power or something that make his
+
+344
+00:28:08,230 --> 00:28:14,330
+relationship flop very weak and there is something
+
+345
+00:28:14,330 --> 00:28:19,570
+or something inside, outside that destroy his
+
+346
+00:28:19,570 --> 00:28:21,990
+relationship with his killer. It's very good like,
+
+347
+00:28:22,150 --> 00:28:24,770
+you know, and you reminded me of like a very key
+
+348
+00:28:24,770 --> 00:28:28,230
+issue, which is like, yes, for our class
+
+349
+00:28:28,230 --> 00:28:31,950
+discussion, we should develop a list of
+
+350
+00:28:31,950 --> 00:28:36,520
+characteristic of romanticism. And I thought that
+
+351
+00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:40,980
+by contradiction or by contrast romanticism would
+
+352
+00:28:40,980 --> 00:28:46,820
+be characterized by its celebration of
+
+353
+00:28:46,820 --> 00:28:51,900
+imagination, its celebration of freedom, its
+
+354
+00:28:51,900 --> 00:28:58,480
+celebration of using everyday language. It's
+
+355
+00:28:58,480 --> 00:29:04,400
+focused on individualism. It's focused also on the
+
+356
+00:29:04,400 --> 00:29:10,320
+simple countryside people. If you remember John 
+
+357
+00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:14,580
+Dryden, I told you once John Dryden and Alexander
+
+358
+00:29:14,580 --> 00:29:20,130
+Pope focused on high class people. Alexander Pope,
+
+359
+00:29:20,310 --> 00:29:25,370
+for example, in his poem, famous poem, The Rape of 
+
+360
+00:29:25,370 --> 00:29:30,810
+the Log, was criticizing the aristocratic people,
+
+361
+00:29:31,030 --> 00:29:35,890
+the triviality of aristocratic lady, so he was
+
+362
+00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:40,960
+Very satirical. In Ashtiful and Ashtiful also,
+
+363
+00:29:41,880 --> 00:29:46,720
+it's a satirical poem. Dryden was satirizing
+
+364
+00:29:46,720 --> 00:29:51,960
+certain political figures during his time because
+
+365
+00:29:51,960 --> 00:29:57,480
+of their corrupted practices. So poetry had 
+
+366
+00:29:57,480 --> 00:30:00,940
+different purposes. It was not speaking about
+
+367
+00:30:00,940 --> 00:30:05,120
+ordinary
+
+368
+00:30:05,120 --> 00:30:10,010
+people. Romantic poetry was talking about ordinary
+
+369
+00:30:10,010 --> 00:30:15,210
+people using ordinary language. Yes, the romantics
+
+370
+00:30:15,210 --> 00:30:21,270
+were fascinated with nature. Nature was a source 
+
+371
+00:30:21,270 --> 00:30:25,890
+of fascination, was a source of creativity. So
+
+372
+00:30:25,890 --> 00:30:30,070
+when you read Blake, now our concentration on
+
+373
+00:30:30,070 --> 00:30:36,450
+Blake, because Blake, as we said, he was Emerging 
+
+374
+00:30:36,450 --> 00:30:41,750
+in a time where imagination was seen like a sin.
+
+375
+00:30:44,470 --> 00:30:47,310
+Expressing your feelings was an atrocity.
+
+376
+00:30:49,940 --> 00:30:54,920
+That's why a lot of critics dubbed him as pre
+
+377
+00:30:54,920 --> 00:30:58,340
+-romantic, because he was the way, he was the poet
+
+378
+00:30:58,340 --> 00:31:03,400
+who paved the way for Romanticism. And this is
+
+379
+00:31:03,400 --> 00:31:10,020
+like a focus in our, when we discuss Blake,
+
+380
+00:31:10,220 --> 00:31:15,750
+we are going to see how he paved the way. for the
+
+381
+00:31:15,750 --> 00:31:18,270
+romantics. And when we talk about the romantics,
+
+382
+00:31:18,830 --> 00:31:23,250
+we should, I mean, talk about colorage and words
+
+383
+00:31:23,250 --> 00:31:26,710
+worth. So next time, we're going to discuss
+
+384
+00:31:26,710 --> 00:31:32,750
+William Blake. I mean, his two poems. Hopefully, 
+
+385
+00:31:33,010 --> 00:31:37,590
+you know, The Sick Rose, and then after that, The 
+
+386
+00:31:37,590 --> 00:31:40,670
+Tiger, Tiger, Tiger, Burning Bride. Do you have
+
+387
+00:31:40,670 --> 00:31:41,130
+any question?
+
+388
+00:31:44,100 --> 00:31:47,420
+Okay, thank you very much. I know it was a tough
+
+389
+00:31:47,420 --> 00:31:53,030
+lecture. But it's only a background. I'm not 
+
+390
+00:31:53,030 --> 00:31:55,970
+asking you questions in this. Later, you'll find
+
+391
+00:31:55,970 --> 00:31:58,610
+this easy. What I'm saying, you'll find it easy
+
+392
+00:31:58,610 --> 00:32:04,250
+when you approach the poem. Because this is like a
+
+393
+00:32:04,250 --> 00:32:07,190
+yardstick against which we are going to measure
+
+394
+00:32:07,190 --> 00:32:13,150
+our criticism or interpretation of the poems that
+
+395
+00:32:13,150 --> 00:32:14,330
+would come. Thank you very much.

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/MCQ4fNmnbSU.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1791 @@
+
+1
+00:00:12,580 --> 00:00:19,440
+Good morning, everybody. How are you? Good. So 
+
+2
+00:00:19,440 --> 00:00:24,140
+today, I think we are supposed to continue. Shall 
+
+3
+00:00:24,140 --> 00:00:30,200
+I compare a summer's day? Last time, I think we 
+
+4
+00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:35,620
+had a chance to listen to the poem from me reading 
+
+5
+00:00:35,620 --> 00:00:40,380
+it and from other people singing or even reciting 
+
+6
+00:00:40,380 --> 00:00:48,120
+it. Plus, you had ample time to look at the poem 
+
+7
+00:00:48,120 --> 00:00:52,340
+and to respond. So today, we're starting by 
+
+8
+00:00:52,340 --> 00:00:58,690
+listening to one or two of your responses. I'm 
+
+9
+00:00:58,690 --> 00:01:02,870
+going to further ask you some questions related to 
+
+10
+00:01:02,870 --> 00:01:06,450
+the poem, related to its content, to its 
+
+11
+00:01:06,450 --> 00:01:12,410
+aesthetics, and then I'll be discussing the 
+
+12
+00:01:12,410 --> 00:01:19,230
+aesthetic elements myself. Okay? Let's see. Yes, 
+
+13
+00:01:19,310 --> 00:01:19,530
+please.
+
+14
+00:01:27,290 --> 00:01:30,550
+Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Sonnet 18 
+
+15
+00:01:30,550 --> 00:01:33,870
+is one of the best-known sonnets contained in the 
+
+16
+00:01:33,870 --> 00:01:36,430
+English literary canon. It is a conventional 
+
+17
+00:01:36,430 --> 00:01:38,970
+Shakespearean sonnet that explores a conventional 
+
+18
+00:01:38,970 --> 00:01:43,590
+theme in an original way. Shakespeare uses this 
+
+19
+00:01:43,590 --> 00:01:46,130
+poem or this sonnet to exalt poetry and his 
+
+20
+00:01:46,130 --> 00:01:49,250
+beloved. The poem begins with a historical 
+
+21
+00:01:49,250 --> 00:01:50,990
+question to present the suggestion of the 
+
+22
+00:01:50,990 --> 00:01:53,310
+comparison between his friend and a summer's day. 
+
+23
+00:01:53,840 --> 00:01:56,080
+The rhetorical question, of course, with no answer 
+
+24
+00:01:56,080 --> 00:01:59,320
+because no way to compare his friend with the 
+
+25
+00:01:59,320 --> 00:02:01,820
+summer's day, which in a sense is his friend more 
+
+26
+00:02:01,820 --> 00:02:04,840
+lovely and temperate, though summer is the most 
+
+27
+00:02:04,840 --> 00:02:07,760
+lovable season and Shakespeare refused at the same 
+
+28
+00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:11,380
+time to compare it with his friend. In other 
+
+29
+00:02:11,380 --> 00:02:14,920
+words, he just picked the summer day, which is 
+
+30
+00:02:14,920 --> 00:02:18,460
+beautiful and natural scene to manifest that is 
+
+31
+00:02:18,460 --> 00:02:20,820
+different beauty more than the beauties of the 
+
+32
+00:02:20,820 --> 00:02:23,460
+summer day, summer's day. Shakespeare in these 
+
+33
+00:02:23,460 --> 00:02:26,000
+lines, at the first one, especially the first 
+
+34
+00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:29,240
+lines began to list the unpleasant features that 
+
+35
+00:02:29,240 --> 00:02:32,920
+are probable to happen during the summer day. As 
+
+36
+00:02:32,920 --> 00:02:36,020
+Shakespeare has used the eternal means, lines of 
+
+37
+00:02:36,020 --> 00:02:38,620
+poetry to prove the death, but will not take his 
+
+38
+00:02:38,620 --> 00:02:41,400
+friend, because as long as his life continues, his 
+
+39
+00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:45,680
+friend will be of everlasting memorial. Talking 
+
+40
+00:02:45,680 --> 00:02:47,920
+about the theme, it might be about the immortality 
+
+41
+00:02:47,920 --> 00:02:51,580
+of his beloved through the eternal lines or in his 
+
+42
+00:02:51,580 --> 00:02:53,820
+sonnet. The use of the figurative speech is 
+
+43
+00:02:53,820 --> 00:02:55,920
+clearly seen. The metaphors simulate the 
+
+44
+00:02:55,920 --> 00:03:00,390
+persification and alliteration. Finally, I want to 
+
+45
+00:03:00,390 --> 00:03:03,890
+talk about the Shakespearean Sonnet. It is printed 
+
+46
+00:03:03,890 --> 00:03:07,350
+as an unbroken 14 lines poem rather than as two 
+
+47
+00:03:07,350 --> 00:03:10,190
+sections of eight lines and six lines. Thank you.
+
+48
+00:03:10,230 --> 00:03:13,530
+Okay, thank you very much. This is like more than, 
+
+49
+00:03:13,670 --> 00:03:17,710
+you know, initial response. You know, she has the 
+
+50
+00:03:17,710 --> 00:03:20,450
+courage to go and like to look at certain 
+
+51
+00:03:20,450 --> 00:03:23,870
+aesthetic aspects. Okay, another, like there's 
+
+52
+00:03:23,870 --> 00:03:27,670
+space for another response. Yes, please. Is it for 
+
+53
+00:03:27,670 --> 00:03:30,870
+the first time? Okay, you come here.
+
+54
+00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:42,780
+Shall I Compare Thee is a poem wrote by 
+
+55
+00:03:42,780 --> 00:03:45,080
+Shakespeare, the great Elizabethan writer and 
+
+56
+00:03:45,080 --> 00:03:48,920
+actor and playwriter. And he wrote a sonnet. Wow, 
+
+57
+00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:51,500
+Shakespeare has a great number of plays and great 
+
+58
+00:03:51,500 --> 00:03:54,740
+drama and great number of sonnets. Anybody can 
+
+59
+00:03:54,740 --> 00:03:59,080
+easily know who is Shakespeare. Shakespeare in his 
+
+60
+00:03:59,080 --> 00:04:01,600
+sonnet make like a nice gift to his friends to 
+
+61
+00:04:01,600 --> 00:04:04,820
+express his loyalty and how he is care about her. 
+
+62
+00:04:05,430 --> 00:04:08,350
+He introduced his poem by asking her questions 
+
+63
+00:04:08,350 --> 00:04:12,290
+which hold lovely and romantic meanings. The poem 
+
+64
+00:04:12,290 --> 00:04:15,570
+is full of musical tunes. Summer in England is 
+
+65
+00:04:15,570 --> 00:04:18,330
+beautiful and full of nice roses and blossom trees 
+
+66
+00:04:18,330 --> 00:04:21,910
+and sunshine and great nice smell from the nature. 
+
+67
+00:04:22,230 --> 00:04:24,950
+When he makes a question, he introduced his 
+
+68
+00:04:24,950 --> 00:04:28,550
+respect for his friend and if he found beautiful 
+
+69
+00:04:28,550 --> 00:04:32,870
+elements, he will remember her and imagine her 
+
+70
+00:04:32,870 --> 00:04:36,530
+around in a beautiful scene of beauty and happy 
+
+71
+00:04:36,530 --> 00:04:39,570
+and he will enjoy remembering her. The language 
+
+72
+00:04:39,570 --> 00:04:42,410
+seems simple and common and he described the 
+
+73
+00:04:42,410 --> 00:04:45,050
+beauty of summer and he saw her inside the 
+
+74
+00:04:45,050 --> 00:04:49,310
+sunshine or the blossom trees. The tone of the 
+
+75
+00:04:49,310 --> 00:04:54,110
+poem reflect his happiness of the beauty and 
+
+76
+00:04:54,110 --> 00:04:57,910
+shyness of the summer days. Also the boy tries to 
+
+77
+00:04:57,910 --> 00:05:02,250
+immortalize the beauty of his friend but he cannot 
+
+78
+00:05:02,250 --> 00:05:06,310
+because life is mortal and we all will die. So he 
+
+79
+00:05:06,310 --> 00:05:09,960
+decided to immortalize her her beauty by his 
+
+80
+00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:14,120
+poetry among the generations. In addition, he uses 
+
+81
+00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:16,780
+a lot of figure of speech to support his happiness 
+
+82
+00:05:16,780 --> 00:05:19,900
+of summer. I think his friend deserves this 
+
+83
+00:05:19,900 --> 00:05:23,180
+beautiful poem. It's clear from his respect for 
+
+84
+00:05:23,180 --> 00:05:25,700
+her and he has enjoyed to share with her the 
+
+85
+00:05:25,700 --> 00:05:29,560
+beautiful of summer days. Okay, so I think we have 
+
+86
+00:05:29,560 --> 00:05:35,500
+a poet who is very sincere to his friend and he's 
+
+87
+00:05:35,500 --> 00:05:39,590
+trying to do something To his friend, you know, I 
+
+88
+00:05:39,590 --> 00:05:43,750
+say to his because you know this sonnet is 
+
+89
+00:05:43,750 --> 00:05:49,850
+addressed to his friend William Harvey who was a 
+
+90
+00:05:49,850 --> 00:05:54,140
+favorite of like Queen Elizabeth. I mean, there 
+
+91
+00:05:54,140 --> 00:05:58,600
+are a lot of arguments about who's WH, but most of 
+
+92
+00:05:58,600 --> 00:06:03,160
+the critics agree that it is William Harvey, a 
+
+93
+00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:07,000
+close friend to Shakespeare, and he was dedicating 
+
+94
+00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:15,200
+this poem to him. Now, I'm just like, I know it's 
+
+95
+00:06:15,200 --> 00:06:19,630
+not like the layout, but it's good to look at. If 
+
+96
+00:06:19,630 --> 00:06:23,470
+you all want to fix it, you can. So, now 
+
+97
+00:06:23,470 --> 00:06:26,110
+Shakespeare at the beginning of this poem is 
+
+98
+00:06:26,110 --> 00:06:29,870
+asking question, shall I compare thee to a 
+
+99
+00:06:29,870 --> 00:06:34,730
+summer's day? Do you think, you know, he's 
+
+100
+00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:39,190
+comparing? It's a question, but is Shakespeare 
+
+101
+00:06:39,190 --> 00:06:44,360
+going to compare? Okay, why? So it's very tricky. 
+
+102
+00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:48,140
+He's asking a question, and all of us think that 
+
+103
+00:06:48,140 --> 00:06:52,500
+he's comparing. Is he comparing? But he's rather 
+
+104
+00:06:52,500 --> 00:06:56,800
+what? Contrasting. No, he's not showing 
+
+105
+00:06:56,800 --> 00:07:00,100
+similarities, but he's showing differences. Now, 
+
+106
+00:07:00,220 --> 00:07:05,320
+the question is, what reasons? Yes. Does 
+
+107
+00:07:05,320 --> 00:07:10,810
+Shakespeare have for not Comparing. Why, you know, 
+
+108
+00:07:11,170 --> 00:07:13,850
+does he decline to compare? You know what means 
+
+109
+00:07:13,850 --> 00:07:17,650
+decline? Just refuse. Why does he decline to 
+
+110
+00:07:17,650 --> 00:07:21,470
+compare the beauty of his friend to the beauty of 
+
+111
+00:07:21,470 --> 00:07:25,990
+someone? You can just make a list. Thank you, Ola.
+
+112
+00:07:26,390 --> 00:07:30,610
+Yeah, I think it is good. Yes, you can make a 
+
+113
+00:07:30,610 --> 00:07:38,290
+small list. Why would he, yes, like, Not like to 
+
+114
+00:07:38,290 --> 00:07:38,810
+compare.
+
+115
+00:07:45,190 --> 00:07:46,250
+Why you think?
+
+116
+00:07:51,330 --> 00:07:54,090
+You just make a list and you will see.
+
+117
+00:08:06,170 --> 00:08:06,770
+Yes?
+
+118
+00:08:09,520 --> 00:08:14,860
+Yes? Because Shakespeare thinks that summer's 
+
+119
+00:08:14,860 --> 00:08:19,800
+beauty is fragile and can fail. Yes. And it's cold 
+
+120
+00:08:19,800 --> 00:08:25,580
+by winter, so it's not warm. He thinks that... The 
+
+121
+00:08:25,580 --> 00:08:28,600
+summer beauty is fragile and can be shaken, so 
+
+122
+00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:34,760
+it's not... Yeah, so what he was like to say that 
+
+123
+00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:38,960
+summers, like the beauty of summer is evanescent. 
+
+124
+00:08:39,280 --> 00:08:43,360
+It's short-lived, short-lived. It is brief, it is 
+
+125
+00:08:43,360 --> 00:08:48,400
+temporal. So the beauty of summer is short-lived. 
+
+126
+00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:56,180
+Short-lived, very evanescent.
+
+127
+00:09:01,500 --> 00:09:08,000
+Very evanescent, very temporal, okay? So, okay, this 
+
+128
+00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:11,680
+one reason, another reason, like why? So what's 
+
+129
+00:09:11,680 --> 00:09:18,880
+wrong with summer? It is short. What else? It is 
+
+130
+00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:22,960
+hot. It is, no, it is hot and cold at the same 
+
+131
+00:09:22,960 --> 00:09:29,940
+time. It is changeable. It is not consistent. So 
+
+132
+00:09:29,940 --> 00:09:32,600
+when we're talking about summer, it is changeable. 
+
+133
+00:09:32,880 --> 00:09:36,500
+It is fluctuating. I like the word fluctuating. 
+
+134
+00:09:42,880 --> 00:09:46,460
+You know, sometimes it is like hot, sometimes it 
+
+135
+00:09:46,460 --> 00:09:49,980
+is cold, you know, so it is not consistent. What 
+
+136
+00:09:49,980 --> 00:09:51,560
+else? The wind.
+
+137
+00:09:54,300 --> 00:09:59,140
+What's wrong with the wind? Not merciful, the ones 
+
+138
+00:09:59,140 --> 00:10:06,360
+are cruel. Yes, look at this image. You know, like 
+
+139
+00:10:06,360 --> 00:10:11,420
+rough winds do shake the darling buds of May. 
+
+140
+00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:15,660
+Rough winds. Here.
+
+141
+00:10:19,220 --> 00:10:25,500
+Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May. It's 
+
+142
+00:10:25,500 --> 00:10:31,980
+an image of horror. It's an image of death. 
+
+143
+00:10:33,860 --> 00:10:36,400
+Yeah. And it is, like, massive because, you know, 
+
+144
+00:10:36,420 --> 00:10:39,960
+the birds... Of course, this is, you know... I 
+
+145
+00:10:39,960 --> 00:10:43,080
+know it is, you know, it seems like a 
+
+146
+00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:46,060
+personification, but the whole image is a metonymy 
+
+147
+00:10:46,060 --> 00:10:50,300
+of death sweeping the lives of people. In the 
+
+148
+00:10:50,300 --> 00:10:52,180
+Elizabethan time, they were concerned with the 
+
+149
+00:10:52,180 --> 00:11:00,490
+idea of death. So here, yes, summer. Is what? Is 
+
+150
+00:11:00,490 --> 00:11:08,490
+cruel. Is cruel. Is ruthless. Ruthless means very 
+
+151
+00:11:08,490 --> 00:11:11,830
+cruel. Cruel.
+
+152
+00:11:14,070 --> 00:11:14,470
+Sorry.
+
+153
+00:11:21,770 --> 00:11:23,310
+Means ruthless.
+
+154
+00:11:31,940 --> 00:11:35,900
+Yes, what else? Do you have other things? Why he 
+
+155
+00:11:35,900 --> 00:11:39,380
+wouldn't like to compare? Yes, please. The beauty 
+
+156
+00:11:39,380 --> 00:11:43,640
+of the summer by the sunshine is not lasting 
+
+157
+00:11:43,640 --> 00:11:46,020
+because it will be covered and damped by the 
+
+158
+00:11:46,020 --> 00:11:50,900
+clouds. So the sun, which is part of the summer's 
+
+159
+00:11:50,900 --> 00:11:55,220
+beauty, is not permanent. It is like sometimes it 
+
+160
+00:11:55,220 --> 00:11:58,880
+is there, sometimes it disappears. So again, the 
+
+161
+00:11:58,880 --> 00:12:03,020
+idea of consistency is absent. What else?
+
+162
+00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:13,700
+So someone is 
+
+163
+00:12:13,700 --> 00:12:17,500
+liable to decay. Someone is liable to decay, is 
+
+164
+00:12:17,500 --> 00:12:20,540
+liable to death. Again, all these ideas are 
+
+165
+00:12:20,540 --> 00:12:25,480
+repeated, but every time we have a fresh image. 
+
+166
+00:12:27,420 --> 00:12:29,940
+But it seems like there is a problem here. Don't 
+
+167
+00:12:29,940 --> 00:12:34,140
+you think like when somebody is having like all 
+
+168
+00:12:34,140 --> 00:12:37,700
+these forces of death, and he's concerned about 
+
+169
+00:12:37,700 --> 00:12:40,120
+the beauty of his friend, so he should be looking 
+
+170
+00:12:40,120 --> 00:12:44,940
+for an alternative. You see? I mean, it's a 
+
+171
+00:12:44,940 --> 00:12:47,560
+dilemma. You know what's been a dilemma? It's a 
+
+172
+00:12:47,560 --> 00:12:50,880
+problem, you know? And Shakespeare should find out 
+
+173
+00:12:50,880 --> 00:12:56,500
+a way out of this dilemma, like to, let's say, to 
+
+174
+00:12:56,500 --> 00:13:00,460
+keep the beauty of his friend. Because, you know, 
+
+175
+00:13:00,520 --> 00:13:04,420
+he thinks that his, the beauty of his friend was 
+
+176
+00:13:04,420 --> 00:13:08,220
+different and it should be preserved also in a 
+
+177
+00:13:08,220 --> 00:13:11,330
+different way. It is not like The Beauty of 
+
+178
+00:13:11,330 --> 00:13:15,130
+Summer. I think, you know, this poem is, we might 
+
+179
+00:13:15,130 --> 00:13:18,330
+admire the poet for his sincerity. You know, this 
+
+180
+00:13:18,330 --> 00:13:22,190
+is like a very sincere emotion from a friend to a 
+
+181
+00:13:22,190 --> 00:13:27,910
+friend. Okay, let's look at the poem. And I think 
+
+182
+00:13:27,910 --> 00:13:31,770
+you read it aloud at home. Now, shall I compare 
+
+183
+00:13:31,770 --> 00:13:35,750
+thee to a summer's day? Like, this is a question. 
+
+184
+00:13:35,870 --> 00:13:39,300
+What kind of question it is? It is a rhetorical 
+
+185
+00:13:39,300 --> 00:13:42,800
+question. Now, okay, it's a rhetorical question, 
+
+186
+00:13:42,900 --> 00:13:45,200
+but what are the implications of the rhetorical 
+
+187
+00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:49,940
+questions? When he says, shall I compare thee to a 
+
+188
+00:13:49,940 --> 00:13:54,740
+summer's day? Okay, there is nowhere to compare. 
+
+189
+00:13:55,060 --> 00:14:00,150
+Yes. Shakespeare is not sure to compare the summer 
+
+190
+00:14:00,150 --> 00:14:02,470
+day with the beauty of his friend. Yeah, he's not 
+
+191
+00:14
+
+223
+00:16:54,630 --> 00:16:57,210
+So the idea of balance, we saw the idea of 
+
+224
+00:16:57,210 --> 00:17:00,850
+balance, if you remember in Spencer, we saw the
+
+225
+00:17:00,850 --> 00:17:06,210
+idea of balance in Sydney. So the idea of balance 
+
+226
+00:17:06,210 --> 00:17:10,810
+was something valuable in the Elizabethan time. So
+
+227
+00:17:10,810 --> 00:17:14,190
+to be balanced was something, you know, good. 
+
+228
+00:17:15,230 --> 00:17:20,710
+Balance, you know? Okay, now let's go back to the
+
+229
+00:17:20,710 --> 00:17:20,970
+poem. 
+
+230
+00:17:27,590 --> 00:17:32,170
+So rough winds do shake the darling. Now he's 
+
+231
+00:17:32,170 --> 00:17:39,970
+going to justify why he wouldn't compare. He says,
+
+232
+00:17:40,390 --> 00:17:43,890
+rough winds do shake the darling buds of May.
+
+233
+00:17:45,310 --> 00:17:50,300
+Rough winds. Of course, it's a personification 
+
+234
+00:17:50,300 --> 00:17:55,700
+here. But if you look at it again, rough winds do 
+
+235
+00:17:55,700 --> 00:17:59,400
+shake the darling buds of May. It's a very 
+
+236
+00:17:59,400 --> 00:18:05,520
+frightening image. And we said, yes. that the 
+
+237
+00:18:05,520 --> 00:18:08,680
+rough wind will destroy everything in the summer
+
+238
+00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:13,440
+season. That will destroy the buds of May. So
+
+239
+00:18:13,440 --> 00:18:17,440
+summer will be changed, summer will be destroyed, 
+
+240
+00:18:17,940 --> 00:18:22,500
+but his friend beauty will stay forever. Yeah, but 
+
+241
+00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:26,660
+like here, he says rough winds in summer because
+
+242
+00:18:26,660 --> 00:18:30,930
+in England summer It's not like our summer stable. 
+
+243
+00:18:31,370 --> 00:18:35,230
+It is fluctuating, as we said. So usually, it is 
+
+244
+00:18:35,230 --> 00:18:39,050
+very stormy in summer. And what happens to the
+
+245
+00:18:39,050 --> 00:18:43,250
+bare jawning, to the newly budding buds? Those 
+
+246
+00:18:43,250 --> 00:18:48,330
+innocent, those soft buds are fragile. They can be 
+
+247
+00:18:48,330 --> 00:18:53,460
+easily shaken off. Look here, the disparity. Look,
+
+248
+00:18:54,020 --> 00:18:57,540
+the disparity between, like in power, between
+
+249
+00:18:57,540 --> 00:19:04,280
+those innocent buds and like those rough winds. Of 
+
+250
+00:19:04,280 --> 00:19:08,240
+course, the rough winds might be a metonymy for 
+
+251
+00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:13,000
+death itself, the forces of death. And the buds is
+
+252
+00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:17,680
+a metonymy of what? People. People. People. You 
+
+253
+00:19:17,680 --> 00:19:21,440
+know? Very, you know, reflective image and very 
+
+254
+00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:25,790
+frightening at the same time. And summer's lease,
+
+255
+00:19:26,410 --> 00:19:30,210
+again here, he's adding another reason why he
+
+256
+00:19:30,210 --> 00:19:36,130
+wouldn't compare. And summer's lease has all too 
+
+257
+00:19:36,130 --> 00:19:40,970
+short a date. What does it mean lease? Of course
+
+258
+00:19:40,970 --> 00:19:44,290
+lease here, it's like a vacation, but he means 
+
+259
+00:19:44,290 --> 00:19:51,250
+time. Summer's time has too short a date. So what 
+
+260
+00:19:51,250 --> 00:19:55,280
+does he mean? Summer is too short. And in England,
+
+261
+00:19:55,500 --> 00:19:59,060
+summer is like only two months. Summer and spring 
+
+262
+00:19:59,060 --> 00:20:05,100
+are conflated together, and it's only like two 
+
+263
+00:20:05,100 --> 00:20:05,520
+months.
+
+264
+00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:14,360
+People get excited, but suddenly it disappears. 
+
+265
+00:20:15,980 --> 00:20:19,180
+And here, as you see, one of the reasons or
+
+266
+00:20:19,180 --> 00:20:22,440
+another reasons why he wouldn't, it is the brevity
+
+267
+00:20:24,120 --> 00:20:28,280
+of summer. And what is brief also to the 
+
+268
+00:20:28,280 --> 00:20:32,700
+Elizabethan was not valuable. What is brief was
+
+269
+00:20:32,700 --> 00:20:33,380
+not valuable. 
+
+270
+00:20:37,400 --> 00:20:43,420
+And summers leave her all too short a date. Again,
+
+271
+00:20:43,480 --> 00:20:48,340
+he's adding more reasons. Sometime Too hot, the
+
+272
+00:20:48,340 --> 00:20:51,460
+eye of heaven shines. Look, Shakespeare is playing 
+
+273
+00:20:51,460 --> 00:20:56,220
+with sometime. Sometime, you know? You know, a 
+
+274
+00:20:56,220 --> 00:21:00,140
+certain time. Too hot, and sometimes, you know, we
+
+275
+00:21:00,140 --> 00:21:02,400
+know that sometimes it's an adverb of frequency. 
+
+276
+00:21:04,120 --> 00:21:06,820
+You know what I mean, adverbs of frequency? What 
+
+277
+00:21:06,820 --> 00:21:07,900
+is an adverb of frequency? 
+
+278
+00:21:10,920 --> 00:21:15,380
+What is an adverb of frequency? Could you just 
+
+279
+00:21:15,380 --> 00:21:19,220
+tell me what are the adverbs of frequency? Yes.
+
+280
+00:21:21,100 --> 00:21:22,740
+Like always?
+
+281
+00:21:25,320 --> 00:21:29,800
+Can you just like arrange them by order? Which is 
+
+282
+00:21:29,800 --> 00:21:32,500
+more like frequent? Usually?
+
+283
+00:21:35,920 --> 00:21:44,670
+No, always usually? Often? Sometimes? No, we have 
+
+284
+00:21:44,670 --> 00:21:48,390
+between them, we have repeatedly, occasionally, 
+
+285
+00:21:49,170 --> 00:21:51,590
+and then rarely and you know, so repeatedly. 
+
+286
+00:21:56,810 --> 00:21:58,030
+Frequently, sorry.
+
+287
+00:22:01,310 --> 00:22:05,290
+Okay, okay Khaled, don't worry. 
+
+288
+00:22:09,730 --> 00:22:10,370
+Repeatedly. 
+
+289
+00:22:14,810 --> 00:22:18,670
+Okay. Do not respond, leave me alone.
+
+290
+00:22:25,050 --> 00:22:26,430
+I don't know what happened.
+
+291
+00:22:30,010 --> 00:22:33,970
+Okay, and so on. These are adverbs of frequency.
+
+292
+00:22:35,630 --> 00:22:39,630
+Repeatedly, hardly, okay, you know? So when he 
+
+293
+00:22:39,630 --> 00:22:44,410
+says sometimes, it means like, This has to do with
+
+294
+00:22:44,410 --> 00:22:50,290
+what? Fluctuation. This has to do with, you know,
+
+295
+00:22:50,390 --> 00:22:52,990
+changeability. Like the beauty of summer is not
+
+296
+00:22:52,990 --> 00:22:58,510
+stable, is not fixed. So what is not stable, what 
+
+297
+00:22:58,510 --> 00:23:02,910
+is not brief, what is, you know, is not valued in
+
+298
+00:23:02,910 --> 00:23:07,630
+the lesbian time. And oven, you know, sometimes 
+
+299
+00:23:07,630 --> 00:23:13,090
+too hot, too hot, the eye of heaven shines. and 
+
+300
+00:23:13,090 --> 00:23:18,810
+often his old complexion dimmed. So he's talking
+
+301
+00:23:18,810 --> 00:23:21,650
+about the sun. What kind of figure of speech do
+
+302
+00:23:21,650 --> 00:23:22,110
+you have here? 
+
+303
+00:23:25,190 --> 00:23:29,630
+Yeah, the eye of heaven, you know, here, it's a 
+
+304
+00:23:29,630 --> 00:23:34,370
+metaphor. But culturally, 
+
+305
+00:23:34,910 --> 00:23:39,970
+when you think of the sun as an eye of heaven, I
+
+306
+00:23:39,970 --> 00:23:46,050
+know it's a metaphor, What does this mean to us or 
+
+307
+00:23:46,050 --> 00:23:50,010
+to English people? Do you think we might share the 
+
+308
+00:23:50,010 --> 00:23:53,870
+same cultural connotation or? Yeah, because, yes. 
+
+309
+00:23:57,370 --> 00:24:02,210
+Yes, I know, but like here, the sun, I mean, the
+
+310
+00:24:02,210 --> 00:24:06,730
+eye of heaven, the sun. You think, you know, here,
+
+311
+00:24:06,990 --> 00:24:10,810
+they value the sun very much. Why? Because in
+
+312
+00:24:10,810 --> 00:24:18,080
+England, The sun is always dim. It doesn't appear
+
+313
+00:24:18,080 --> 00:24:23,600
+a lot. So they say the eye of heaven sometimes,
+
+314
+00:24:24,060 --> 00:24:27,060
+sometimes too hot, the eye of heaven shines. And
+
+315
+00:24:27,060 --> 00:24:31,860
+often his old complexion dimmed. So the idea of 
+
+316
+00:24:31,860 --> 00:24:36,120
+changeability is there. The idea of brevity is 
+
+317
+00:24:36,120 --> 00:24:42,500
+there. And every fair from fair, I see, and every
+
+318
+00:24:42,500 --> 00:24:48,240
+fair, and every fair from fair sometimes declines. 
+
+319
+00:24:48,420 --> 00:24:51,580
+How should we read this line? How should we read 
+
+320
+00:24:51,580 --> 00:24:56,540
+this line? I know, but how should we read it? And 
+
+321
+00:24:56,540 --> 00:24:59,500
+every fair from fair sometimes declines like this?
+
+322
+00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:05,840
+Sadly? Yes, how would you read it? I want somebody 
+
+323
+00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:09,120
+to come here and to read it. Do you have the 
+
+324
+00:25:09,120 --> 00:25:12,400
+nerves to come here? Let's see. Who has the nerves
+
+325
+00:25:12,400 --> 00:25:15,600
+to come here and to read this line? And every fair
+
+326
+00:25:15,600 --> 00:25:21,260
+from fair sometime declines, yes? No, no, I want 
+
+327
+00:25:21,260 --> 00:25:24,360
+like you to come and say, to read this, yes? I say 
+
+328
+00:25:24,360 --> 00:25:29,100
+who has the courage? Who has the nerves? Okay, I
+
+329
+00:25:29,100 --> 00:25:31,740
+read it like differently and you vote for which 
+
+330
+00:25:31,740 --> 00:25:31,980
+one.
+
+331
+00:25:35,620 --> 00:25:40,180
+And every fur from fur sometimes declines. No.
+
+332
+00:25:40,900 --> 00:25:45,700
+Okay. And every fur from fur sometimes declines. 
+
+333
+00:25:46,260 --> 00:25:52,460
+So why not? Why not? You think there is sadness?
+
+334
+00:25:53,560 --> 00:25:59,320
+And every fur from fur sometimes declines. Is it 
+
+335
+00:25:59,320 --> 00:26:04,760
+like this? Okay. I don't think he's sad about
+
+336
+00:26:04,760 --> 00:26:08,900
+summer. It's like... No, he's here when he say, 
+
+337
+00:26:09,020 --> 00:26:13,300
+and every fair from fair sometime declines. But
+
+338
+00:26:13,300 --> 00:26:16,240
+the eternal beauty of his friend will never fade. 
+
+339
+00:26:16,500 --> 00:26:19,960
+So he's like comparing that his friend will not
+
+340
+00:26:19,960 --> 00:26:23,040
+fade. So he's not sad about this. He's happy about 
+
+341
+00:26:23,040 --> 00:26:25,460
+that things will... So it should be like, and
+
+342
+00:26:25,460 --> 00:26:28,720
+every fair from fair sometime declines? I don't 
+
+343
+00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:32,880
+think so, because here he's in a mood of 
+
+344
+00:26:32,880 --> 00:26:36,440
+reflection because this is a frightening thing. I 
+
+345
+00:26:36,440 --> 00:26:39,840
+don't think he's relaxed. This is very 
+
+346
+00:26:39,840 --> 00:26:43,200
+disconcerting. This is very worrying. So it should 
+
+347
+00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:49,760
+be, and every fear from fear sometimes declines.
+
+348
+00:26:51,170 --> 00:26:55,690
+Very, you know, he's meditating. He's meditating.
+
+349
+00:26:56,170 --> 00:27:00,350
+And look at the alliteration. And every fair from 
+
+350
+00:27:00,350 --> 00:27:04,670
+fair sometime declines. Very disgusting, very
+
+351
+00:27:04,670 --> 00:27:08,490
+frightening. I think, you know, you can translate
+
+352
+00:27:08,490 --> 00:27:11,150
+this into Arabic. Anybody can translate into 
+
+353
+00:27:11,150 --> 00:27:18,630
+Arabic, like this line, yes? Okay. Can you improve
+
+354
+00:27:18,630 --> 00:27:25,050
+that translation? Yes? I like, wa kullu jamal ila 
+
+355
+00:27:25,050 --> 00:27:29,070
+zawal. It's very musical. Wa kullu jamalin ila
+
+356
+00:27:29,070 --> 00:27:33,470
+zawal. You know? Yes, it should be like this. And 
+
+357
+00:27:33,470 --> 00:27:36,990
+every fur from fur sometime declines.
+
+358
+00:27:39,590 --> 00:27:45,890
+How? Shakespeare is telling us by chance or
+
+359
+00:27:45,890 --> 00:27:49,630
+nature's changing course untrimmed.
+
+360
+00:27:51,370 --> 00:28:00,970
+By chance. Who's a chance? Chance. Yes. Fate. It
+
+361
+00:28:00,970 --> 00:28:06,930
+is a medieval image of a blind woman sitting
+
+362
+00:28:06,930 --> 00:28:13,140
+behind a wheel and turning the wheel. So it is not 
+
+363
+00:28:13,140 --> 00:28:16,560
+sure where your place, it is something random, 
+
+364
+00:28:17,140 --> 00:28:20,860
+chance. So chance means like things are 
+
+365
+00:28:20,860 --> 00:28:23,140
+unpredictable, you don't know for sure what will
+
+366
+00:28:23,140 --> 00:28:28,720
+happen to you. So chance is like very frightening
+
+367
+00:28:28,720 --> 00:28:36,900
+thing, or nature's changing course untrimmed. So 
+
+368
+00:28:36,900 --> 00:28:40,020
+the course of nature, this is a metonymy of 
+
+369
+00:28:40,020 --> 00:28:46,100
+natural disasters. Natural disasters are 
+
+370
+00:28:46,100 --> 00:28:50,000
+untrimmed. You know what's been trimmed? When
+
+371
+00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,620
+things, like when you go and like when we go and 
+
+372
+00:28:53,620 --> 00:28:57,960
+trim our hair or our, like we trim, we make it
+
+373
+00:28:57,960 --> 00:29:05,440
+equal. So when things are untrimmed, It means some
+
+374
+00:29:05,440 --> 00:29:10,920
+of them are large, small, so they are unequal. So 
+
+375
+00:29:10,920 --> 00:29:14,120
+what he wants to say that the disasters, the 
+
+376
+00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:18,360
+natural disasters are unpredictable and they are 
+
+377
+00:29:18,360 --> 00:29:21,820
+not similar in size. So some disaster are 
+
+378
+00:29:21,820 --> 00:29:27,900
+horrifying like tsunamis, earthquakes. All these
+
+379
+00:29:27,900 --> 00:29:35,710
+are untrimmed, natural disasters or catastrophes. 
+
+380
+00:29:36,870 --> 00:29:42,650
+Now, in this stanza, Shakespeare, in front of all 
+
+381
+00:29:42,650 --> 00:29:50,890
+those meditative images, he said, but thy eternal
+
+382
+00:29:50,890 --> 00:29:57,450
+summer shall not fade. Yeah, but thy eternal 
+
+383
+00:29:57,450 --> 00:30:01,280
+summer. Look here. The summer, you know, the
+
+384
+00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:04,500
+beauty of his friend is becoming summer itself.
+
+385
+00:30:05,960 --> 00:30:10,640
+Summer. He started by, you know, comparing the 
+
+386
+00:30:10,640 --> 00:30:14,180
+beauty, but like, the beauty of his friend is
+
+387
+00:30:14,180 --> 00:30:19,120
+becoming a different summer. But thy eternal
+
+388
+00:30:19,120 --> 00:30:24,320
+summer. Why? Look here, thy eternal. So this is 
+
+389
+00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:29,220
+very assertive mood. but thy eternal summer shall
+
+390
+00:30:29,220 --> 00:30:33,140
+not fade. Do you think, you know, when we read 
+
+391
+00:30:33,140 --> 00:30:36,460
+this, how should we read it? Thy eternal, but thy
+
+392
+00:30:36,460 --> 00:30:41,440
+eternal summer shall not fade? It should have a 
+
+393
+00:30:41,440 --> 00:30:46,720
+strong. Why? Because he's confident. He's
+
+394
+00:30:46,720 --> 00:30:49,520
+pledging. You know what it means, pledging? To 
+
+395
+00:30:49,520 --> 00:30:57,330
+pledge. To pledge. To vow. He's vowing. So it 
+
+396
+00:30:57,330 --> 00:31:00,850
+should be like, yeah, I want you to help me 
+
+397
+00:31:00,850 --> 00:31:07,730
+reading it. Come on. But thy, but thy eternal
+
+398
+00:31:07,730 --> 00:31:15,550
+summer shall not fade. But thy, yes? But thy
+
+399
+00:31:15,550 --> 00:31:20,430
+eternal summer shall not fade. Is it like this? Or
+
+400
+00:31:20,430 --> 00:31:24,430
+stronger. But thy eternal summer shall not fade.
+
+401
+00:31:25,610 --> 00:31:32,410
+nor lose possession of that fair thou owest. You
+
+402
+00:31:32,410 --> 00:31:39,330
+know? So your beauty, your eternal summer will
+
+403
+00:31:39,330 --> 00:31:46,670
+never fade. So summer is compared to a plant, look
+
+404
+00:31:46,670 --> 00:31:52,690
+at this metaphor, which will never fade. Why it is
+
+405
+00:31:52,690 --> 00:31:58,150
+eternal? Because it will never fade. Why will it
+
+406
+00:31:58,150 --> 00:32:02,170
+never fade? Because it is eternal. Okay, because
+
+407
+00:32:02,170 --> 00:32:05,410
+it is eternal. But why it is eternal is the other
+
+408
+00:32:05,410 --> 00:32:08,990
+question, and I think the answer will be revealed
+
+409
+00:32:08,990 --> 00:32:14,650
+at the end of the poem. But thy eternal summer
+
+410
+00:32:14,650 --> 00:32:18,650
+shall not fade, nor lose position of that
+
+445
+00:35:03,010 --> 00:35:07,170
+grafted in his poetry. That's why we call this 
+
+446
+00:35:07,170 --> 00:35:12,190
+a grafting metaphor. When in eternal lines to time 
+
+447
+00:35:12,190 --> 00:35:16,070
+that growest. And the eternal lines, it's a 
+
+448
+00:35:16,070 --> 00:35:21,790
+metonymy of his poetry. Thank you. It's a metonymy 
+
+449
+00:35:21,790 --> 00:35:26,250
+of his poetry. So long. Now this is the couplet.
+
+450
+00:35:27,820 --> 00:35:35,280
+So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, so 
+
+451
+00:35:35,280 --> 00:35:43,280
+long live this and this gives life to thee. You 
+
+452
+00:35:43,280 --> 00:35:46,180
+see? It's the conclusion. Do you believe 
+
+453
+00:35:46,180 --> 00:35:54,240
+Shakespeare? Why? Shakespeare here is very 
+
+454
+00:35:54,240 --> 00:35:59,410
+rational. Because he thinks that the beauty of his 
+
+455
+00:35:59,410 --> 00:36:05,050
+friend will be remembered, eternalized, as long as 
+
+456
+00:36:05,050 --> 00:36:11,290
+his poetry, as long as people do exist on this 
+
+457
+00:36:11,290 --> 00:36:14,950
+earth. You see what I mean? So I think Shakespeare 
+
+458
+00:36:14,950 --> 00:36:20,970
+here, is he exaggerating? He's confident. Why? 
+
+459
+00:36:21,090 --> 00:36:23,970
+Because he thinks He thinks that his poetry will 
+
+460
+00:36:23,970 --> 00:36:27,870
+be read. He was confident of his artistic skill.
+
+461
+00:36:28,510 --> 00:36:32,130
+He thought that people would continue reading. And 
+
+462
+00:36:32,130 --> 00:36:35,290
+here Shakespeare is being read, reproduced. His 
+
+463
+00:36:35,290 --> 00:36:38,790
+plays are reproduced every year. Now it's been for 
+
+464
+00:36:38,790 --> 00:36:42,570
+more than 500 years, and England and Shakespeare 
+
+465
+00:36:42,570 --> 00:36:45,430
+are conflated together. So Shakespeare was 
+
+466
+00:36:45,430 --> 00:36:50,030
+confident that his poetry will be read, and when 
+
+467
+00:36:50,030 --> 00:36:53,390
+it will be read, his friend. Now we kept asking, 
+
+468
+00:36:53,530 --> 00:36:57,270
+who is this friend? You know? Why? And, you know,
+
+469
+00:36:57,430 --> 00:37:01,090
+so this is how he immortalized. But look here.
+
+470
+00:37:01,250 --> 00:37:05,750
+Yes, lucky friend. So long as men can breathe, as 
+
+471
+00:37:05,750 --> 00:37:12,570
+long as breathe or eyes can see. So he's limiting 
+
+472
+00:37:12,570 --> 00:37:18,450
+his, you know, hopes for immortality Like, only to 
+
+473
+00:37:18,450 --> 00:37:22,290
+the life on this earth. So he was more rational 
+
+474
+00:37:22,290 --> 00:37:26,790
+and less ambitious than, you know, Spencer, if you 
+
+475
+00:37:26,790 --> 00:37:32,030
+remember. So long live this, and this gives life 
+
+476
+00:37:32,030 --> 00:37:34,770
+to thee. See?
+
+477
+00:37:38,190 --> 00:37:43,110
+So here in the couplet, he's giving his final 
+
+478
+00:37:43,110 --> 00:37:48,270
+solution. Like, yes, my poetry will eternize you.
+
+479
+00:37:49,410 --> 00:37:53,430
+So we discover then that the poem is about what?
+
+480
+00:37:54,650 --> 00:37:57,930
+So after reading the poem and after analyzing it, 
+
+481
+00:37:58,110 --> 00:38:03,110
+it's about what? It's about... Yeah, it could be 
+
+482
+00:38:03,110 --> 00:38:05,330
+about friendship. It could be about beauty. But, 
+
+483
+00:38:05,410 --> 00:38:06,990
+you know, like at the end of the day, you 
+
+484
+00:38:06,990 --> 00:38:10,650
+understand that Shakespeare here, you know, is 
+
+485
+00:38:10,650 --> 00:38:17,330
+like... trying to immortalize his, you know, the 
+
+486
+00:38:17,330 --> 00:38:19,950
+beauty of his friends through his poetry. But I 
+
+487
+00:38:19,950 --> 00:38:23,170
+think if we look at it narrowly, Shakespeare is 
+
+488
+00:38:23,170 --> 00:38:26,090
+cherishing his poetry, and he thinks that his 
+
+489
+00:38:26,090 --> 00:38:30,250
+poetry is, you know, very artistic, and people 
+
+490
+00:38:30,250 --> 00:38:33,790
+will be reading it, you know, as long as they...
+
+491
+00:38:33,790 --> 00:38:40,240
+Why? Because it is poetry in a full sense. Now, I 
+
+492
+00:38:40,240 --> 00:38:43,340
+think, you know, we explored the poem, but we have 
+
+493
+00:38:43,340 --> 00:38:47,340
+not explored it at all. You have something to 
+
+494
+00:38:47,340 --> 00:38:50,960
+film, you know? This poem, you have to look at, 
+
+495
+00:38:51,500 --> 00:38:54,700
+you know, the rhyme and the rhythm. It's a 
+
+496
+00:38:54,700 --> 00:38:59,820
+Shakespearean sonnet made of three quatrains and a 
+
+497
+00:38:59,820 --> 00:39:02,960
+couplet. Now, I want you, like, to look at it and 
+
+498
+00:39:02,960 --> 00:39:05,800
+to see what he's doing in each quatrain and how 
+
+499
+00:39:05,800 --> 00:39:09,430
+he's developing the argument. You know? In the 
+
+500
+00:39:09,430 --> 00:39:12,270
+first quatrain, what is he doing? And in the 
+
+501
+00:39:12,270 --> 00:39:15,770
+second quatrain, is he repeating the same idea? Is 
+
+502
+00:39:15,770 --> 00:39:18,670
+he repeating himself in the third quatrain? And 
+
+503
+00:39:18,670 --> 00:39:21,490
+then in the couplet? Okay? So this is what you 
+
+504
+00:39:21,490 --> 00:39:24,590
+have to look at. You have to look at also the 
+
+505
+00:39:24,590 --> 00:39:29,170
+rhythm itself. You see? The rhyme, okay. It's a 
+
+506
+00:39:29,170 --> 00:39:32,690
+sonnet. The rhythm and the rhyme. And try it 
+
+507
+00:39:32,690 --> 00:39:37,400
+like... to write a paragraph, just a small 
+
+508
+00:39:37,400 --> 00:39:40,620
+paragraph analyzing, you know, like the theme of 
+
+509
+00:39:40,620 --> 00:39:42,900
+this poem. This is like could be as a homework, a 
+
+510
+00:39:42,900 --> 00:39:45,220
+small paragraph. And next time we are reading 
+
+511
+00:39:45,220 --> 00:39:48,900
+another poem for Shakespeare, and we might also 
+
+512
+00:39:48,900 --> 00:39:52,300
+like compare and contrast both of them. Do you 
+
+513
+00:39:52,300 --> 00:39:56,840
+have any question? Okay, no questions? Thank you.

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/NXauV_x8lWM_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1404 @@
+1
+00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:20,600
+Okay, good morning everybody. How are you today? I
+
+2
+00:00:20,600 --> 00:00:23,540
+don't see many students coming today to the class.
+
+3
+00:00:24,980 --> 00:00:28,510
+I know it is because of the midterm exam. And this
+
+4
+00:00:28,510 --> 00:00:31,590
+is a pity because we said several times, when
+
+5
+00:00:31,590 --> 00:00:34,190
+there is a midterm exam, you cannot absent
+
+6
+00:00:34,190 --> 00:00:40,310
+yourself from class. Anyway, today's class will be
+
+7
+00:00:40,310 --> 00:00:44,510
+like this. We're going, as usual, to listen to a
+
+8
+00:00:44,510 --> 00:00:49,690
+couple of reports. Then we are going to debate
+
+9
+00:00:49,690 --> 00:00:55,200
+about the interpretation, the several or the
+
+10
+00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:59,600
+several possible interpretations of the tiger.
+
+11
+00:01:01,180 --> 00:01:05,840
+And, you know, we're going to debate. If there is
+
+12
+00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:09,060
+like, if we finish with a debate, it would be a
+
+13
+00:01:09,060 --> 00:01:17,340
+nice idea. Okay? So let's start. Let's see who is
+
+14
+00:01:17,340 --> 00:01:19,020
+reporting today. Yes, please.
+
+15
+00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:29,260
+Good morning.
+
+16
+00:01:32,500 --> 00:01:35,020
+It was a shock for the student when Dr. Akram
+
+17
+00:01:35,020 --> 00:01:37,380
+asked for all students daily reports. But it
+
+18
+00:01:37,380 --> 00:01:39,620
+wasn't like that for me because I always write my
+
+19
+00:01:39,620 --> 00:01:41,980
+reports. Many students start writing their reports
+
+20
+00:01:41,980 --> 00:01:45,220
+in lecture, so teacher didn't accept them.
+
+21
+00:01:45,780 --> 00:01:48,040
+According to the Tiger, it was really a little bit
+
+22
+00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:50,680
+difficult, but it needs more analysis and
+
+23
+00:01:50,680 --> 00:01:54,260
+explanation. And actually this time wasn't Dr.
+
+24
+00:01:54,300 --> 00:01:57,120
+Akram who explained it, but it was Mr. Ahlam, Mrs.
+
+25
+00:01:57,200 --> 00:02:01,280
+Ahlam. It was a nice and clear explanation,
+
+26
+00:02:01,700 --> 00:02:05,640
+although we didn't share a lot. Oh, I forgot to
+
+27
+00:02:05,640 --> 00:02:08,400
+say that Dr. Akram read the poem in a nice way,
+
+28
+00:02:08,960 --> 00:02:12,180
+and then commented that Mr. Ahlam's explanation
+
+29
+00:02:12,180 --> 00:02:16,700
+was nice, and that it reminded him of the best
+
+30
+00:02:16,700 --> 00:02:20,200
+days when she was his student. Yes. Thank you very
+
+31
+00:02:20,200 --> 00:02:24,620
+much. Another report. Yes, Khawla.
+
+32
+00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:35,140
+It was the lecture of the poem, Which I Like, The
+
+33
+00:02:35,140 --> 00:02:38,040
+Tiger, by William Blake. Ms. Ahlam attended the
+
+34
+00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:43,360
+lecture and she did her presentation in a nice
+
+35
+00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:45,780
+way. I like her thinking of some words in the
+
+36
+00:02:45,780 --> 00:02:48,740
+poem, but before that Dr. Akram asked each student
+
+37
+00:02:48,740 --> 00:02:52,880
+wrote a report to submit it to him. Unfortunately,
+
+38
+00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:55,920
+I didn't write for that lecture. After that, some
+
+39
+00:02:55,920 --> 00:02:59,740
+students read their reports and Dr. Akram started
+
+40
+00:02:59,740 --> 00:03:02,220
+the lecture by some analysis for the poem. In
+
+41
+00:03:02,220 --> 00:03:04,220
+addition to that, Dr. Akram shared Ms. Ahlam with
+
+42
+00:03:04,220 --> 00:03:07,240
+her presentation. Ms. Ahlam focused in his
+
+43
+00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:10,880
+analysis on the words and the words and its
+
+44
+00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:14,020
+reflects. So Dr. Akram said that he will continue
+
+45
+00:03:14,020 --> 00:03:17,520
+the whole poem in more details next lecture. So I
+
+46
+00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:19,980
+didn't forget to write my report. Okay, thank you
+
+47
+00:03:19,980 --> 00:03:26,720
+very much. In fact, last time Ms. Ahlan conducted
+
+48
+00:03:26,720 --> 00:03:32,580
+what is called deconstruction
+
+49
+00:03:32,580 --> 00:03:36,280
+or deconstructive analysis. She used a theory
+
+50
+00:03:36,280 --> 00:03:40,280
+called the theory of deconstruction. She was
+
+51
+00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:42,660
+looking about the binaries, like the opposites,
+
+52
+00:03:43,320 --> 00:03:48,160
+like the mild and the violent. you know, the
+
+53
+00:03:48,160 --> 00:03:52,680
+strong and the weak, the mighty and the
+
+54
+00:03:52,680 --> 00:03:55,700
+vulnerable, you know, the sublime and the
+
+55
+00:03:55,700 --> 00:03:59,980
+beautiful. So it was a good insight into the poem.
+
+56
+00:04:00,340 --> 00:04:04,000
+And I think it was appropriate because it was
+
+57
+00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:07,610
+suitable for, I mean, the philosophy of Blake
+
+58
+00:04:07,610 --> 00:04:12,210
+himself, because Blake didn't see life in black
+
+59
+00:04:12,210 --> 00:04:15,790
+and white. He saw it like he didn't see them like
+
+60
+00:04:15,790 --> 00:04:21,650
+contrasting, but he saw them complementary. And in
+
+61
+00:04:21,650 --> 00:04:27,050
+the marriage between earth and heaven, like he saw
+
+62
+00:04:27,050 --> 00:04:29,830
+evil and good going side by side.
+
+63
+00:04:32,480 --> 00:04:35,740
+Today we're going to have another look. And most
+
+64
+00:04:35,740 --> 00:04:38,480
+of the critics, when they want, because this poem
+
+65
+00:04:38,480 --> 00:04:42,720
+is symbolic. It is full of rhetorical questions.
+
+66
+00:04:46,180 --> 00:04:48,880
+What immortal hand? What the hand? What the
+
+67
+00:04:48,880 --> 00:04:53,080
+shoulders? What is the place? So all, you know,
+
+68
+00:04:53,260 --> 00:04:57,420
+the questions were concentrated on
+
+69
+00:04:59,090 --> 00:05:03,330
+like the act of making, the act of creating, the
+
+70
+00:05:03,330 --> 00:05:08,510
+act of forming. And that act involved two things.
+
+71
+00:05:08,830 --> 00:05:13,410
+It involved power, physical power, that involved
+
+72
+00:05:13,410 --> 00:05:18,990
+also an eye, an artistic skill. So because he was
+
+73
+00:05:18,990 --> 00:05:24,310
+asking about what the art, what the eye. In fact,
+
+74
+00:05:24,810 --> 00:05:29,000
+the poem became a little bit confusing As I said,
+
+75
+00:05:30,120 --> 00:05:34,180
+some critics said it was about the Industrial
+
+76
+00:05:34,180 --> 00:05:37,480
+Revolution. Other critics said it was about the
+
+77
+00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:40,760
+French Revolution or the American Revolution
+
+78
+00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:45,000
+because it was the age of revolutions. Other
+
+79
+00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:52,370
+thought that it was a poetic It was a revolution
+
+80
+00:05:52,370 --> 00:06:00,070
+against the rules and the poetic restrictions of
+
+81
+00:06:00,070 --> 00:06:04,550
+the Neoclassical. So in both, in all these cases,
+
+82
+00:06:04,670 --> 00:06:09,410
+we find that it is about revolution. Now I want to
+
+83
+00:06:09,410 --> 00:06:12,930
+start, because we are supposed to debate, And I
+
+84
+00:06:12,930 --> 00:06:15,050
+was going to take the side of revolution, so I
+
+85
+00:06:15,050 --> 00:06:20,410
+prepared some videos to show you how England was
+
+86
+00:06:20,410 --> 00:06:24,830
+like during the
+
+87
+00:06:24,830 --> 00:06:30,730
+Industrial Revolution. How the life, you know, of
+
+88
+00:06:30,730 --> 00:06:36,170
+the countryside, how it changed, how everything
+
+89
+00:06:36,170 --> 00:06:41,690
+was transformed. And how the countryside lost its
+
+90
+00:06:41,690 --> 00:06:49,150
+purity because of mechanization, how the social
+
+91
+00:06:49,150 --> 00:06:56,070
+arena was transformed. So it had its dire
+
+92
+00:06:56,070 --> 00:07:00,350
+consequences. And even the farms were enclosed
+
+93
+00:07:00,350 --> 00:07:07,910
+because everything was was important in terms of
+
+94
+00:07:07,910 --> 00:07:13,350
+materialism. So the farms, the landscape lost its
+
+95
+00:07:13,350 --> 00:07:17,030
+vast nature because it was open. Now it is
+
+96
+00:07:17,030 --> 00:07:20,510
+partitioned because they were interested in
+
+97
+00:07:20,510 --> 00:07:25,910
+grazing animals and raising profits. So the
+
+98
+00:07:25,910 --> 00:07:31,630
+countryside lost its beauty. And, you know,
+
+99
+00:07:31,790 --> 00:07:35,670
+mechanization was there. So let's see some videos
+
+100
+00:07:35,670 --> 00:07:40,790
+and hopefully you see how was England like.
+
+101
+00:08:23,980 --> 00:08:41,560
+This is how the
+
+102
+00:08:41,560 --> 00:08:43,200
+English countryside transformed.
+
+103
+00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:53,080
+of animals in a distant realm of church bells bore
+
+104
+00:08:53,080 --> 00:08:57,200
+the stories of romance here. Yemen was a land of
+
+105
+00:08:57,200 --> 00:09:01,260
+great social inequality. A handful of aristocrats
+
+106
+00:09:01,260 --> 00:09:05,620
+and rulers possessed by right of birth nearly all
+
+107
+00:09:05,620 --> 00:09:08,380
+of the incredible wealth it yielded. They built
+
+108
+00:09:08,380 --> 00:09:11,520
+magnificent palaces for themselves and filled them
+
+109
+00:09:11,520 --> 00:09:15,000
+with treasure. Down in a group of slower classes,
+
+110
+00:09:15,540 --> 00:09:18,700
+most of whom owned no land, struggled to survive.
+
+111
+00:09:22,910 --> 00:09:24,990
+These poor people sometimes faced severe
+
+112
+00:09:24,990 --> 00:09:29,570
+malnutrition and even starvation. They usually
+
+113
+00:09:29,570 --> 00:09:34,350
+died young. With this as a background, let us find
+
+114
+00:09:34,350 --> 00:09:37,130
+out what great changes were to occur as a result
+
+115
+00:09:37,130 --> 00:09:38,230
+of industrialization.
+
+116
+00:09:40,770 --> 00:09:43,770
+The first industrial revolution began in England
+
+117
+00:09:43,770 --> 00:09:47,690
+for several reasons. First, she possessed rich
+
+118
+00:09:47,690 --> 00:09:51,530
+deposits of iron and coal, resources essential to
+
+119
+00:09:51,530 --> 00:09:55,390
+industrialization. Second, England had many
+
+120
+00:09:55,390 --> 00:10:00,010
+reliable sources of water power. And third,
+
+121
+00:10:00,430 --> 00:10:02,770
+numerous colonies around the world supplied her
+
+122
+00:10:02,770 --> 00:10:07,330
+with abundant raw materials, like this cotton. And
+
+123
+00:10:07,330 --> 00:10:08,730
+at the same time, it provided
+
+124
+00:10:17,020 --> 00:10:22,360
+Okay. So as you see, just I want to show you how
+
+125
+00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:26,240
+England was. As you see, industrial revolution was
+
+126
+00:10:26,240 --> 00:10:30,320
+indispensable. Industrial revolution was there
+
+127
+00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:34,080
+because of the labor, was the raw material from
+
+128
+00:10:34,080 --> 00:10:38,240
+the colonies, mainly America. So they started to
+
+129
+00:10:38,240 --> 00:10:44,260
+industrialize or to invent machines and those
+
+130
+00:10:44,260 --> 00:10:47,640
+machines, and necessary for industry, changed the
+
+131
+00:10:47,640 --> 00:10:50,460
+face, the social arena, the political arena,
+
+132
+00:10:50,560 --> 00:10:57,000
+everything. And England became like a plant or a
+
+133
+00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:02,320
+factory producing, working for the world. And with
+
+134
+00:11:02,320 --> 00:11:05,860
+these emergent values, like the countryside lost
+
+135
+00:11:05,860 --> 00:11:11,610
+its purity, you know, and it was seen like a
+
+136
+00:11:11,610 --> 00:11:14,130
+monster because, you know, machine replaced man,
+
+137
+00:11:14,270 --> 00:11:17,510
+children were abused, women were abused, like,
+
+138
+00:11:17,590 --> 00:11:21,610
+because they were working in factories, even like,
+
+139
+00:11:21,670 --> 00:11:26,530
+you know, slums, dirty slums were created, and a
+
+140
+00:11:26,530 --> 00:11:30,870
+lot of crimes even happened. So Blake wrote that
+
+141
+00:11:30,870 --> 00:11:35,150
+poem, and some critics thought it was about the
+
+142
+00:11:35,150 --> 00:11:38,510
+Industrial Revolution. Others, as I said, thought
+
+143
+00:11:38,510 --> 00:11:42,610
+it was about the
+
+144
+00:11:42,610 --> 00:11:46,530
+creation of poetry. So we are going to have the
+
+145
+00:11:46,530 --> 00:11:50,330
+poem in front of us and now to debate whether it
+
+146
+00:11:50,330 --> 00:11:54,670
+is about industrial revolution and whether about
+
+147
+00:11:54,670 --> 00:12:00,670
+like poetic imagination. So let's see quickly who
+
+148
+00:12:00,670 --> 00:12:02,490
+wants to be, like Amal, do you want to be on this
+
+149
+00:12:02,490 --> 00:12:08,710
+side? This is the industrial revolution. Okay,
+
+150
+00:12:08,710 --> 00:12:12,530
+Hidayat, do you want to be in this side? I can
+
+151
+00:12:12,530 --> 00:12:17,910
+help both. Yes, I encourage more students. What do
+
+152
+00:12:17,910 --> 00:12:21,470
+you want, which side? The industrial. Okay, the
+
+153
+00:12:21,470 --> 00:12:26,130
+industrial, you come here. Poetry. Poetry, you
+
+154
+00:12:26,130 --> 00:12:29,370
+come here. So have some chairs.
+
+155
+00:12:46,170 --> 00:12:50,350
+Okay, yes. Who will join these people?
+
+156
+00:12:52,970 --> 00:12:59,210
+Yes. Why are you scared? I'm going to help. Both.
+
+157
+00:13:00,870 --> 00:13:05,070
+Okay. Who wants to come to this side? What is it
+
+158
+00:13:05,070 --> 00:13:11,650
+about? It is about poetic creation? Okay, what do
+
+159
+00:13:11,650 --> 00:13:13,830
+you think? Let's start.
+
+160
+00:13:20,460 --> 00:13:23,280
+If you want, like, I'm going to help both of you.
+
+161
+00:13:23,400 --> 00:13:27,480
+Like here, if you look at the word frame, frame
+
+162
+00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:33,020
+has to do with what? Frame, to shape, to design.
+
+163
+00:13:34,420 --> 00:13:40,400
+Make has to do with what? Create. Okay. If you
+
+164
+00:13:40,400 --> 00:13:43,880
+want to look at art, okay, the word art would
+
+165
+00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:46,700
+support, you know, those who think it is about
+
+166
+00:13:46,700 --> 00:13:51,590
+art. But the word chain and the word horror, the
+
+167
+00:13:51,590 --> 00:13:56,170
+word hammer would support the Industrial
+
+168
+00:13:56,170 --> 00:14:00,950
+Revolution. So you have a lot of evidence in the
+
+169
+00:14:00,950 --> 00:14:06,950
+poem to support either side. So let's start by
+
+170
+00:14:06,950 --> 00:14:13,980
+this group. What do you think? First of all, first
+
+171
+00:14:13,980 --> 00:14:16,920
+time I read the poem, I thought like it was about
+
+172
+00:14:16,920 --> 00:14:20,980
+like two contradictory things, like evil and good.
+
+173
+00:14:21,340 --> 00:14:25,040
+And this, like always we have in a human soul. And
+
+174
+00:14:25,040 --> 00:14:29,240
+so, and like human were so taken by the industrial
+
+175
+00:14:29,240 --> 00:14:32,480
+revolution. And so there was like the evil part of
+
+176
+00:14:32,480 --> 00:14:38,080
+them. So he's like, I think he's saying that the
+
+177
+00:14:38,080 --> 00:14:42,020
+industrial revolution is like, A monster. A
+
+178
+00:14:42,020 --> 00:14:44,720
+monster that's taking over the human soul. Okay,
+
+179
+00:14:45,060 --> 00:14:47,520
+and I do agree with her because, you know, here
+
+180
+00:14:47,520 --> 00:14:51,900
+the tiger is presented to us not like an animal,
+
+181
+00:14:52,220 --> 00:14:56,180
+an ordinary animal, but rather as a monster, you
+
+182
+00:14:56,180 --> 00:15:00,340
+know, frightening the people. What do you want to
+
+183
+00:15:00,340 --> 00:15:07,210
+say? No, I didn't think because Because he means
+
+184
+00:15:07,210 --> 00:15:13,130
+the positive things and sides in what you said.
+
+185
+00:15:13,690 --> 00:15:16,750
+For example, burning bright. I think it is
+
+186
+00:15:16,750 --> 00:15:21,250
+something attractive. Excellent, yes. And fearful
+
+187
+00:15:21,250 --> 00:15:21,790
+symmetry.
+
+188
+00:15:24,390 --> 00:15:24,970
+Okay,
+
+189
+00:15:35,730 --> 00:15:38,170
+I do agree with her, like it's very interesting
+
+190
+00:15:38,170 --> 00:15:41,110
+because here In fact, it was yesterday that I
+
+191
+00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:45,410
+realized we have another oxymoron here. Because
+
+192
+00:15:45,410 --> 00:15:48,870
+burning bright, burning, it is something negative.
+
+193
+00:15:49,250 --> 00:15:52,530
+But bright, bright, it means something positive.
+
+194
+00:15:52,930 --> 00:15:55,190
+So when we are talking about something bright,
+
+195
+00:15:55,370 --> 00:15:58,870
+something dissipating the darkness, because if we
+
+196
+00:15:58,870 --> 00:16:03,010
+have the first of the night, which is darkness and
+
+197
+00:16:03,010 --> 00:16:12,580
+bright, then it is positive. Symmetry. So poetry
+
+198
+00:16:12,580 --> 00:16:17,100
+is an act of symmetry, isn't it? This is what you
+
+199
+00:16:17,100 --> 00:16:21,560
+want to say. And poetry, because poetry, you know,
+
+200
+00:16:21,600 --> 00:16:25,460
+sometimes, look, some revolutions were supported
+
+201
+00:16:25,460 --> 00:16:29,100
+by poetry. I think, you know, the Egyptian
+
+202
+00:16:29,100 --> 00:16:30,820
+Revolution, if you remember, like they were
+
+203
+00:16:30,820 --> 00:16:33,760
+sitting in Tahrir Square and they were chanting,
+
+204
+00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:37,880
+you know, poetic things. And those poetic, you
+
+205
+00:16:37,880 --> 00:16:42,260
+know, lines gave power to the revolution. So
+
+206
+00:16:42,260 --> 00:16:47,360
+nobody can ignore the power of poetry in inciting
+
+207
+00:16:47,360 --> 00:16:51,500
+people. provoking people, giving them this
+
+208
+00:16:51,500 --> 00:16:56,260
+momentum. So it is seen by Blake here, the poetry,
+
+209
+00:16:56,420 --> 00:17:00,060
+the power of poetry is like the power of this
+
+210
+00:17:00,060 --> 00:17:02,080
+light, which is burning in the forest of the
+
+211
+00:17:02,080 --> 00:17:05,560
+night. So here, if you want, and this is, I think
+
+212
+00:17:05,560 --> 00:17:08,420
+she's talking about the darkness. Darkness is
+
+213
+00:17:08,420 --> 00:17:11,880
+associated with political injustice, with
+
+214
+00:17:11,880 --> 00:17:17,690
+political despotism. And poetry, you know,
+
+215
+00:17:18,250 --> 00:17:22,210
+imagination, the poetic revolution, or the power
+
+216
+00:17:22,210 --> 00:17:27,230
+of poetry can be a protest against this. Can it
+
+217
+00:17:27,230 --> 00:17:30,650
+change? Because poetry has this power to change.
+
+218
+00:17:31,490 --> 00:17:37,330
+Okay? I want to say about Marilyn Monroe.like the
+
+219
+00:17:37,330 --> 00:17:41,070
+idea of fuel like burning fuel to get energy and
+
+220
+00:17:41,070 --> 00:17:44,410
+to machines and so they design new things like the
+
+221
+00:17:44,410 --> 00:17:48,960
+cement fearful symmetry, like design something
+
+222
+00:17:48,960 --> 00:17:51,880
+beautiful. And like the, of night, like they
+
+223
+00:17:51,880 --> 00:17:54,760
+working unstoppable. Like they always work, work.
+
+224
+00:17:55,080 --> 00:17:57,860
+So it's like the idea of industrial revolution.
+
+225
+00:17:57,980 --> 00:18:00,100
+Yeah, she began by saying that the tiger stands
+
+226
+00:18:00,100 --> 00:18:02,800
+for evil, the making of evil. So we can say that
+
+227
+00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:06,980
+the tiger could stand for the machines as being
+
+228
+00:18:06,980 --> 00:18:09,920
+the evil thing. And the burning is the burning of
+
+229
+00:18:09,920 --> 00:18:12,120
+the machines and stuff like that. So, but why are
+
+230
+00:18:12,120 --> 00:18:15,380
+the machines like evil? Like the question is why?
+
+231
+00:18:15,790 --> 00:18:19,450
+Ah, they replaced people. Okay. Do you have any
+
+232
+00:18:19,450 --> 00:18:21,970
+evidence like in the poem which shows that the
+
+233
+00:18:21,970 --> 00:18:26,210
+poet was complaining that this is evil? Evil
+
+234
+00:18:26,210 --> 00:18:28,730
+creature? This is evil creature?
+
+235
+00:18:31,730 --> 00:18:34,510
+Okay. Do you have any evidence like this? Of
+
+236
+00:18:34,510 --> 00:18:39,990
+course, the words like fearful and who used to be
+
+237
+00:18:39,990 --> 00:18:41,390
+night? Night?
+
+238
+00:18:44,240 --> 00:18:47,080
+So they think, you know, light is good, it's a
+
+239
+00:18:47,080 --> 00:18:49,500
+place for romanticism. It's like the word
+
+240
+00:18:49,500 --> 00:18:52,340
+immortal, supernatural power, it's something that
+
+241
+00:18:52,340 --> 00:18:55,260
+makes you fear or scared.
+
+242
+00:19:02,960 --> 00:19:08,060
+Yes, go ahead. No, I think the tiger here, okay it
+
+243
+00:19:08,060 --> 00:19:13,120
+is fearful because it is when anything new appear
+
+244
+00:19:13,120 --> 00:19:16,140
+for people, they will be scared and fear and avoid
+
+245
+00:19:16,140 --> 00:19:21,060
+it. But when they come close to it and analyze it
+
+246
+00:19:21,060 --> 00:19:24,960
+and deal with it, they will be familiar and love
+
+247
+00:19:24,960 --> 00:19:30,160
+it. Like there, his poet and his style of writing
+
+248
+00:19:30,160 --> 00:19:35,680
+is new, So, like, people is dependent and familiar
+
+249
+00:19:35,680 --> 00:19:39,120
+with other parts of style of writing, but when
+
+250
+00:19:39,120 --> 00:19:42,140
+they become close and know what is this writing
+
+251
+00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:46,160
+about, they will love it and will be... So, they
+
+252
+00:19:46,160 --> 00:19:48,820
+can change their mind? Yes, yes. And you think
+
+253
+00:19:48,820 --> 00:19:52,480
+this is like, you know, similar to this symmetry
+
+254
+00:19:52,480 --> 00:19:56,910
+and like, you know? Yes. And he also... It's kind
+
+255
+00:19:56,910 --> 00:20:02,390
+of a tiger, his shoulder, his eyes. I think it's a
+
+256
+00:20:02,390 --> 00:20:08,130
+responsible thing or something you know. So with
+
+257
+00:20:08,130 --> 00:20:11,190
+the creation, you mean? Yes. Yes? What do you want
+
+258
+00:20:11,190 --> 00:20:16,410
+to say? This poem, I think, is about two themes,
+
+259
+00:20:16,550 --> 00:20:20,770
+nature and the industrial revolution. Nature is...
+
+260
+00:20:20,770 --> 00:20:23,130
+So you are betraying, like, you're helping them,
+
+261
+00:20:23,270 --> 00:20:25,230
+you know? No, I'm not helping them, but it is
+
+262
+00:20:25,230 --> 00:20:27,950
+obvious. I mean, it is used... You can come here.
+
+263
+00:20:29,070 --> 00:20:33,170
+Okay, who can replace her? No, I'm an objective.
+
+264
+00:20:33,550 --> 00:20:39,250
+Okay. Okay. Now it is it is logical that William
+
+265
+00:20:39,250 --> 00:20:43,130
+Blake was born in the first on the beginning in
+
+266
+00:20:43,130 --> 00:20:46,110
+the beginnings of the industrial revolution. So it
+
+267
+00:20:46,110 --> 00:20:48,970
+was the theme of their lives. I mean, ordinary
+
+268
+00:20:48,970 --> 00:20:51,330
+people in their daily speeches, they were talking
+
+269
+00:20:51,330 --> 00:20:54,490
+about this revolution. So it was he was motivated
+
+270
+00:20:54,490 --> 00:20:59,890
+by this theme, but As a romantic poet, he chose a
+
+271
+00:20:59,890 --> 00:21:02,470
+figure of nature, the tiger. The tiger is a very
+
+272
+00:21:02,470 --> 00:21:07,310
+beautiful animal. He tried to explain to clear the
+
+273
+00:21:07,310 --> 00:21:12,230
+idea about him and taking it as a symbol of this
+
+274
+00:21:12,230 --> 00:21:18,070
+industrial revolution. Blake wasn't trying to
+
+275
+00:21:18,070 --> 00:21:23,730
+express something instantly about this industry,
+
+276
+00:21:24,230 --> 00:21:31,710
+but he was I guess dealing with this tiger issue,
+
+277
+00:21:32,430 --> 00:21:38,970
+but being affected by this revolution. You cannot
+
+278
+00:21:38,970 --> 00:21:42,950
+make up your mind. I think if you look at the
+
+279
+00:21:42,950 --> 00:21:46,740
+poet, or if you look at all the questions, They
+
+280
+00:21:46,740 --> 00:21:51,480
+were about the process of creation. He asked about
+
+281
+00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:54,280
+the hand, the shoulder, so it was about the
+
+282
+00:21:54,280 --> 00:21:58,120
+creation. Now the question is, does the creation
+
+283
+00:21:58,120 --> 00:22:01,460
+of poetry require this effort?
+
+284
+00:22:06,910 --> 00:22:08,190
+It's spontaneous.
+
+285
+00:22:10,590 --> 00:22:14,050
+And the assumption is like poetry, you know, just
+
+286
+00:22:14,050 --> 00:22:17,490
+like poets write poetry without feeling the pain
+
+287
+00:22:17,490 --> 00:22:21,750
+and the experience. What do you want to say? Okay.
+
+288
+00:22:22,730 --> 00:22:25,230
+I mean, why would you say effort? Yeah, but like-
+
+289
+00:22:25,230 --> 00:22:27,570
+Why would you say effort? Because, you know, they
+
+290
+00:22:27,570 --> 00:22:31,450
+need to- I don't see effort being blamed here,
+
+291
+00:22:31,530 --> 00:22:35,410
+because he's being, he has been spontaneous, he
+
+292
+00:22:35,410 --> 00:22:38,330
+has been just himself, he's a real poet. But like,
+
+293
+00:22:38,390 --> 00:22:43,570
+I think, you know, we are not honest to our, you
+
+294
+00:22:43,570 --> 00:22:48,070
+know, honest to words worth definition of poetry,
+
+295
+00:22:48,090 --> 00:22:51,760
+when he said poetry is a spontaneous overflow, of
+
+296
+00:22:51,760 --> 00:22:56,700
+powerful feelings recollected in tranquility. And
+
+297
+00:22:56,700 --> 00:22:59,560
+here, when you say recollected in tranquility, it
+
+298
+00:22:59,560 --> 00:23:02,980
+means like the writing of poetry needs hard work.
+
+299
+00:23:03,640 --> 00:23:06,720
+It's not easy. You keep changing. It is
+
+300
+00:23:06,720 --> 00:23:09,300
+spontaneous. But what is spontaneous? It is not
+
+301
+00:23:09,300 --> 00:23:13,080
+the act of writing poetry. It is not the act of
+
+302
+00:23:13,080 --> 00:23:15,380
+saying poetry. It is the feeling which is
+
+303
+00:23:15,380 --> 00:23:21,180
+spontaneous. So I think, you know, poetry involves
+
+304
+00:23:21,180 --> 00:23:25,960
+craftsmanship. And sometimes poets suffer, fret,
+
+305
+00:23:26,320 --> 00:23:29,440
+in order to, you know, produce this poem. It is
+
+306
+00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:34,720
+not easy. Anyone can express his emotion, but not
+
+307
+00:23:34,720 --> 00:23:37,040
+in a poetic way. Yeah, not in a poetic way,
+
+308
+00:23:37,120 --> 00:23:39,540
+because, you know, if you want to be a poet, you
+
+309
+00:23:39,540 --> 00:23:46,290
+need like to fret more and more. Okay, yes. It
+
+310
+00:23:46,290 --> 00:23:49,470
+seems like the students are unprepared today, you
+
+311
+00:23:49,470 --> 00:23:53,310
+know. It is because you are having exam. But let
+
+312
+00:23:53,310 --> 00:23:58,690
+me, when he complains, like, what red hand, what
+
+313
+00:23:58,690 --> 00:24:03,890
+red feet? Like, when their heart began here.
+
+314
+00:24:07,610 --> 00:24:09,050
+Like, when he said,
+
+315
+00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:15,640
+When the stars know what shoulder, yes. And when
+
+316
+00:24:15,640 --> 00:24:19,260
+their heart began to beat, what red hand, what red
+
+317
+00:24:19,260 --> 00:24:22,840
+feet? Do you think, you know here, this
+
+318
+00:24:22,840 --> 00:24:26,900
+questioning involves any fascination? Like fearful
+
+319
+00:24:26,900 --> 00:24:31,760
+symmetry? Like burning bright? What red hand, what
+
+320
+00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:37,060
+red feet? I think here, he's complaining. What
+
+321
+00:24:37,060 --> 00:24:40,120
+dread hand, dread hand, or dread feet? This is
+
+322
+00:24:40,120 --> 00:24:42,900
+very frightening. This is very scary. Isn't it?
+
+323
+00:24:44,020 --> 00:24:48,000
+Yeah, but no, I think, you know, questioning here,
+
+324
+00:24:48,420 --> 00:24:51,420
+what dread hand, what dread feet? Like he's, you
+
+325
+00:24:51,420 --> 00:24:57,780
+know, I mean, the tiger is seen as a monster here.
+
+326
+00:24:58,280 --> 00:25:03,510
+It is like a mythological creature. You see? It is
+
+327
+00:25:03,510 --> 00:25:07,270
+not like any animal. Wadded hand, wadded feet. So
+
+328
+00:25:07,270 --> 00:25:10,230
+I think, you know, this shows a complaint that it
+
+329
+00:25:10,230 --> 00:25:13,710
+was about industrial revolution. And look here,
+
+330
+00:25:14,310 --> 00:25:17,910
+the hole, the hammer, the furnace. It is like a
+
+331
+00:25:17,910 --> 00:25:23,580
+goldsmith. I'm sorry, I'm not helping you. No, I
+
+332
+00:25:23,580 --> 00:25:28,280
+want to say that yes, it is about industrial
+
+333
+00:25:28,280 --> 00:25:30,180
+revolution. It's the time of industrial
+
+334
+00:25:30,180 --> 00:25:34,520
+revolution, but because he wants to make a poetic
+
+335
+00:25:34,520 --> 00:25:37,740
+revolution, he cannot say it is directly. So he
+
+336
+00:25:37,740 --> 00:25:41,980
+wants to use this means in a very symbolic way.
+
+337
+00:25:42,150 --> 00:25:45,630
+Even if he speaks about the industrial revolution,
+
+338
+00:25:45,950 --> 00:25:54,970
+he wants to convey something other. So I think you
+
+339
+00:25:54,970 --> 00:25:57,410
+know what you might think also because this is an
+
+340
+00:25:57,410 --> 00:26:00,290
+open debate in fact. I'm not going to close it
+
+341
+00:26:00,290 --> 00:26:03,070
+today. It's an open debate. I want you to think
+
+342
+00:26:04,130 --> 00:26:06,410
+further about this. Is it about poetic
+
+343
+00:26:06,410 --> 00:26:09,790
+imagination? Or is it about industrial revolution?
+
+344
+00:26:10,130 --> 00:26:13,830
+And this is what I want you to research. So I want
+
+345
+00:26:13,830 --> 00:26:18,770
+to close this debate. It is part of an assignment
+
+346
+00:26:18,770 --> 00:26:20,950
+I'm giving you, and we'll talk about this
+
+347
+00:26:20,950 --> 00:26:25,330
+assignment later. It might be a supplement to your
+
+348
+00:26:25,330 --> 00:26:28,850
+midterm exam, which I'm going to give you in a
+
+349
+00:26:28,850 --> 00:26:33,080
+minute. So I would like to thank both teams for
+
+350
+00:26:33,080 --> 00:26:37,320
+sharing with me and we'll see next time we're
+
+351
+00:26:37,320 --> 00:26:39,860
+going like to continue. Thank you very much.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/QX_V2Yt_9u0_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1120 @@
+1
+00:00:11,700 --> 00:00:15,940
+Okay, good morning everybody. How are you today?
+
+2
+00:00:16,500 --> 00:00:22,840
+Good. So, I think as usual everybody is prepared
+
+3
+00:00:22,840 --> 00:00:28,760
+with a report and today a response. A response to
+
+4
+00:00:28,760 --> 00:00:31,860
+Shakespeare's sonnet, Shall I Compare Thee to A
+
+5
+00:00:31,860 --> 00:00:34,800
+Summer's Day. So as usual, we are going to listen
+
+6
+00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:38,560
+to one or two reports and perhaps a response.
+
+7
+00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:43,620
+After that, I'm going to ask you general questions
+
+8
+00:00:43,620 --> 00:00:47,340
+about your response to the poem. Then we'll have
+
+9
+00:00:47,340 --> 00:00:50,560
+something about Shakespeare. Amal will give a
+
+10
+00:00:50,560 --> 00:00:53,620
+brief biography about Shakespeare. And then we are
+
+11
+00:00:53,620 --> 00:00:58,540
+going to start explaining the poem. After that, I
+
+12
+00:00:58,540 --> 00:01:04,140
+would be giving you two readers of the poem. One
+
+13
+00:01:04,140 --> 00:01:07,860
+is going to be sung and the other is going to be
+
+14
+00:01:07,860 --> 00:01:12,420
+recited. After that, you'll be left to compare and
+
+15
+00:01:12,420 --> 00:01:15,940
+contrast between the two and to say which one you
+
+16
+00:01:15,940 --> 00:01:20,820
+prefer and why. So this is our agenda for today's
+
+17
+00:01:20,820 --> 00:01:27,180
+class. Let's see who is ready to report. Yes.
+
+18
+00:01:34,560 --> 00:01:39,460
+Okay. I'm looking for. I don't know what I'm
+
+19
+00:01:39,460 --> 00:01:43,320
+looking for. Maybe everything and maybe nothing.
+
+20
+00:01:43,920 --> 00:01:48,020
+Maybe I'm looking for May I'm looking for the moon
+
+21
+00:01:48,020 --> 00:01:51,580
+between the clouds. May I'm looking for the stars.
+
+22
+00:01:52,200 --> 00:01:54,720
+May I'm looking for a child's face with a small
+
+23
+00:01:54,720 --> 00:01:59,420
+smile. Or may I'm looking for a white rose with a
+
+24
+00:01:59,420 --> 00:02:03,860
+beautiful smell. May I'm looking for a loyal
+
+25
+00:02:03,860 --> 00:02:08,340
+friend. May I'm looking for myself, my mind and my
+
+26
+00:02:08,340 --> 00:02:14,010
+heart. Or me, I'm looking for everything. So if we
+
+27
+00:02:14,010 --> 00:02:16,970
+searching, searching something, we will find
+
+28
+00:02:16,970 --> 00:02:20,610
+everything. Thank you very much. Maybe, you know.
+
+29
+00:02:22,350 --> 00:02:25,730
+It's a report, like she's recording her feelings.
+
+30
+00:02:26,070 --> 00:02:30,030
+It seems she's at loss. She doesn't know exactly
+
+31
+00:02:30,030 --> 00:02:32,870
+what she wants to do, but I'm sure she knows what
+
+32
+00:02:32,870 --> 00:02:35,990
+she's going to do with Shakespeare's poem. She has
+
+33
+00:02:35,990 --> 00:02:39,070
+to respond to Shakespeare's poem. Yes? Okay, it's
+
+34
+00:02:39,070 --> 00:02:41,610
+good to try to write in verse. Yes, please?
+
+35
+00:02:46,330 --> 00:02:50,010
+The last lecture was interesting, wonderful and
+
+36
+00:02:50,010 --> 00:02:52,670
+very useful because we make comparison and
+
+37
+00:02:52,670 --> 00:02:55,710
+contrast between the two poems, Marlow's poem and
+
+38
+00:02:55,710 --> 00:03:00,370
+answer of Marlow's bio relay in themes, rhyme,
+
+39
+00:03:00,550 --> 00:03:04,310
+rhythm, figure of speech, etc. So it was
+
+40
+00:03:04,310 --> 00:03:06,990
+interesting, especially after the short vacation
+
+41
+00:03:06,990 --> 00:03:10,870
+at the last week, which included hot and important
+
+42
+00:03:10,870 --> 00:03:15,950
+events. First, the exchange prisoners deal between
+
+43
+00:03:15,950 --> 00:03:20,570
+the resistance and Israel, which brought the
+
+44
+00:03:20,570 --> 00:03:23,190
+happiness and pleasure to every house in
+
+45
+00:03:23,190 --> 00:03:28,310
+Palestine. We felt as the day of Eid. Another
+
+46
+00:03:28,310 --> 00:03:32,130
+important event, the falling of Libyan president.
+
+47
+00:03:36,470 --> 00:03:42,530
+At the end of the lecture, Dr. Akram asked us to
+
+48
+00:03:42,530 --> 00:03:46,370
+write a reflection about the two poems and to
+
+49
+00:03:46,370 --> 00:03:50,970
+prepare the new poem, which is written by the
+
+50
+00:03:50,970 --> 00:03:53,730
+greatest English writer, William Shakespeare.
+
+51
+00:03:57,880 --> 00:04:02,360
+which Gaddafi said about him. He is from Arabian
+
+52
+00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:05,900
+origin. Yeah, it's good to link Gaddafi because
+
+53
+00:04:05,900 --> 00:04:11,060
+Gaddafi kept saying, Shakespeare, this is what he
+
+54
+00:04:11,060 --> 00:04:15,060
+kept saying. And his name Sheikh Zubair and the
+
+55
+00:04:15,060 --> 00:04:18,720
+English people changed his name and also
+
+56
+00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:21,480
+translated all his work into English language. So
+
+57
+00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:24,820
+yeah, Gaddafi was busying himself with small
+
+58
+00:04:24,820 --> 00:04:27,430
+things like this, you know. But it's okay, thank
+
+59
+00:04:27,430 --> 00:04:29,850
+you for linking a deaf with Shakespeare, you know?
+
+60
+00:04:30,990 --> 00:04:37,870
+Good, now I need a nice response. A response like
+
+61
+00:04:37,870 --> 00:04:44,750
+to the poem, you know? Yes? Just quick before I
+
+62
+00:04:44,750 --> 00:04:48,470
+come down to you and see your response to the poem
+
+63
+00:04:48,470 --> 00:04:50,730
+and to the poet, yes?
+
+64
+00:04:54,890 --> 00:04:57,810
+Comparing his beloved to a summer day, describing
+
+65
+00:04:57,810 --> 00:05:00,770
+her in a beautiful way, she's more fascinating
+
+66
+00:05:00,770 --> 00:05:05,410
+than May. When the sun dimmed by clouds or shades,
+
+67
+00:05:05,870 --> 00:05:09,250
+and every beautiful thing eventually faded, she
+
+68
+00:05:09,250 --> 00:05:12,970
+will never suffer the same fate. Everything will
+
+69
+00:05:12,970 --> 00:05:16,930
+change by chance or by the natural course of
+
+70
+00:05:16,930 --> 00:05:22,130
+decay, but her eternal beauty shall stay. For as
+
+71
+00:05:22,130 --> 00:05:26,430
+long as a human live and breathe with eyes that
+
+72
+00:05:26,430 --> 00:05:29,870
+can see, this is how long this verse will be.
+
+73
+00:05:30,150 --> 00:05:32,050
+Okay, thank you. So you believe in Shakespeare,
+
+74
+00:05:32,310 --> 00:05:35,090
+huh? You believe in Shakespeare, you think that,
+
+75
+00:05:35,230 --> 00:05:40,190
+yeah, we can do nothing to perpetuate the memory
+
+76
+00:05:40,190 --> 00:05:45,490
+of the people we highly honor, we highly like, so
+
+77
+00:05:45,490 --> 00:05:48,230
+we can do something about this. And this is like
+
+78
+00:05:48,230 --> 00:05:51,250
+the spirit of Shakespeare's poem, Shall I Compare
+
+79
+00:05:51,250 --> 00:05:55,590
+Thee to a Summer's Day. Okay, let me ask you about
+
+80
+00:05:55,590 --> 00:05:58,350
+your response. I know a lot of you want to read,
+
+81
+00:05:59,290 --> 00:06:04,850
+but because of time, I have to see how you
+
+82
+00:06:04,850 --> 00:06:07,290
+responded. How did you find the poem? Was it
+
+83
+00:06:07,290 --> 00:06:10,070
+interesting? Not interesting? Should we continue
+
+84
+00:06:10,070 --> 00:06:13,690
+reading Shakespeare? I don't know. Yes. What can
+
+85
+00:06:13,690 --> 00:06:17,900
+you tell me? Yes, please. This poem fits his
+
+86
+00:06:17,900 --> 00:06:20,700
+confidence because he thinks that his poetry and
+
+87
+00:06:20,700 --> 00:06:24,200
+his life is the source of life. Yes. So this, you
+
+88
+00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:27,180
+know, yeah, you're right. Like this poem, you
+
+89
+00:06:27,180 --> 00:06:32,300
+think it reflects like how, you know, he was self
+
+90
+00:06:32,300 --> 00:06:36,360
+confident of himself and of his poetry. Why?
+
+91
+00:06:36,460 --> 00:06:39,640
+Because he thought that, why do you think he was
+
+92
+00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:43,230
+self confident? It's the source of life and
+
+93
+00:06:43,230 --> 00:06:47,130
+immortality for his friends and his relationships
+
+94
+00:06:47,130 --> 00:06:52,250
+and the life. Okay. So I think it is because he
+
+95
+00:06:52,250 --> 00:06:55,930
+thought he cherished his poetry. He cherished his
+
+96
+00:06:55,930 --> 00:06:58,610
+poetry. He thought that his poetry was great,
+
+97
+00:06:59,030 --> 00:07:07,590
+good. Yes? Like other people who will respond? Who
+
+98
+00:07:07,590 --> 00:07:11,210
+will respond to this poem? Yes. What do you think?
+
+99
+00:07:14,900 --> 00:07:18,120
+Have you read the poem? Okay, tell me, like, how
+
+100
+00:07:18,120 --> 00:07:21,400
+you feel. You know, these people, like, know that
+
+101
+00:07:21,400 --> 00:07:24,320
+I'm busy. I'm leaving today early, but they are
+
+102
+00:07:24,320 --> 00:07:28,680
+worried, like, I'm not responding, you know? Good.
+
+103
+00:07:29,180 --> 00:07:32,000
+So, yes, what do you feel like? How you feel? Yes,
+
+104
+00:07:32,080 --> 00:07:32,320
+please.
+
+105
+00:07:38,040 --> 00:07:40,520
+Exaggeration. You think that Shakespeare is
+
+106
+00:07:40,520 --> 00:07:41,540
+exaggerating.
+
+107
+00:07:53,380 --> 00:07:56,300
+So you don't trust Shakespeare, you think like
+
+108
+00:07:56,300 --> 00:07:58,620
+there is something greater than Shakespeare's
+
+109
+00:07:58,620 --> 00:08:03,940
+verse. Yeah, this is like, you know, what is more
+
+110
+00:08:03,940 --> 00:08:07,540
+powerful than his poetry? Allah subhanahu wa ta
+
+111
+00:08:07,540 --> 00:08:13,080
+'ala? Okay, death is okay, it is powerful, but it
+
+112
+00:08:13,080 --> 00:08:18,520
+is not, you know, as powerful as his verse, you
+
+113
+00:08:18,520 --> 00:08:22,300
+know? But you think, you know, Allah, Quran, like
+
+114
+00:08:22,300 --> 00:08:24,420
+Quran is immortal, you know? It's the word of
+
+115
+00:08:24,420 --> 00:08:29,680
+Allah. Okay? Good. Yes? I don't know. Did you feel
+
+116
+00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:33,880
+like the poem was difficult? Okay. It was easy?
+
+117
+00:08:34,560 --> 00:08:40,860
+Good. So what was he up to? What did he want to
+
+118
+00:08:40,860 --> 00:08:43,760
+say exactly? What did he want to say?
+
+119
+00:08:47,680 --> 00:08:51,440
+What did he want to say? Yes? That his beloved is
+
+120
+00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:55,400
+more beautiful than a summer day. How do you know
+
+121
+00:08:55,400 --> 00:08:59,020
+she is his beloved? Some critics say it was his
+
+122
+00:08:59,020 --> 00:09:03,000
+friend. Sir? How do you say it was his beloved?
+
+123
+00:09:04,860 --> 00:09:06,920
+What makes you think I know because we are
+
+124
+00:09:06,920 --> 00:09:14,580
+reading, you know, like. But it could be a friend
+
+125
+00:09:14,580 --> 00:09:17,800
+like, you know, there was an argument about like
+
+126
+00:09:17,800 --> 00:09:20,660
+he was talking to a friend. Okay. What about this
+
+127
+00:09:20,660 --> 00:09:25,200
+side? Yes. What do you think? It seems like you
+
+128
+00:09:25,200 --> 00:09:28,820
+have not read the poem. Yes. So again, yes. What
+
+129
+00:09:28,820 --> 00:09:29,160
+do you think?
+
+130
+00:09:34,970 --> 00:09:38,490
+So do you like the way he wanted to immortalize
+
+131
+00:09:38,490 --> 00:09:42,590
+his, the beauty of his friend? Why?
+
+132
+00:09:47,370 --> 00:09:51,350
+He's exaggerating. So the poem is full of
+
+133
+00:09:51,350 --> 00:09:55,890
+hyperbole. Like you don't, you know, believe what
+
+134
+00:09:55,890 --> 00:09:59,940
+Shakespeare is saying. Okay, yes, I think, you
+
+135
+00:09:59,940 --> 00:10:03,120
+know, do we have another response like to the
+
+136
+00:10:03,120 --> 00:10:05,800
+poem, to the form, to the questions, to the images
+
+137
+00:10:05,800 --> 00:10:08,000
+before? Yes?
+
+138
+00:10:14,520 --> 00:10:15,080
+Yes,
+
+139
+00:10:19,960 --> 00:10:25,110
+he asked a rhetorical question, you know? He was
+
+140
+00:10:25,110 --> 00:10:29,490
+able to compare his friend or his beloved to the
+
+141
+00:10:29,490 --> 00:10:32,730
+summer or a summer day. Can he do it and is he
+
+142
+00:10:32,730 --> 00:10:35,330
+going to do it perfectly? He doesn't know but he
+
+143
+00:10:35,330 --> 00:10:40,410
+did it anyway because he loved or he cared about
+
+144
+00:10:40,410 --> 00:10:42,970
+his friend or his beloved and he wanted to show
+
+145
+00:10:42,970 --> 00:10:47,390
+that to everyone. Okay, yes. I think you know he
+
+146
+00:10:47,390 --> 00:10:50,990
+started the poem by a rhetorical question. Shall I
+
+147
+00:10:50,990 --> 00:10:54,510
+compare thee to a summer's day? And the poem is
+
+148
+00:10:54,510 --> 00:10:56,950
+tricky, but I don't want like to go through the
+
+149
+00:10:56,950 --> 00:11:00,610
+poem until like we know something about the poet,
+
+150
+00:11:00,930 --> 00:11:02,970
+we know something about Shakespeare. I know you
+
+151
+00:11:02,970 --> 00:11:04,630
+studied Shakespeare, you studied some of his
+
+152
+00:11:04,630 --> 00:11:08,020
+plays, but it is very important like to know
+
+153
+00:11:08,020 --> 00:11:11,820
+something more. You have in the reader his
+
+154
+00:11:11,820 --> 00:11:16,300
+biography, but here Amal is coming to tell us
+
+155
+00:11:16,300 --> 00:11:19,940
+something about his biography. Yes, now, before we
+
+156
+00:11:19,940 --> 00:11:24,760
+start. I think it is safe to say that William
+
+157
+00:11:24,760 --> 00:11:27,640
+Shakespeare is probably the only poet
+
+158
+00:11:31,650 --> 00:11:33,630
+I think it is safe to say that Shakespeare is
+
+159
+00:11:33,630 --> 00:11:36,330
+probably the only poet in the entire wide world
+
+160
+00:11:36,330 --> 00:11:38,450
+that does not need any kind of any definition.
+
+161
+00:11:38,910 --> 00:11:41,130
+Just speak his name and his name speaks for all of
+
+162
+00:11:41,130 --> 00:11:41,590
+his contributions.
+
+163
+00:11:44,660 --> 00:11:47,720
+for the class, I will say some brief thing about
+
+164
+00:11:47,720 --> 00:11:50,920
+him. William Shakespeare is of course a poet, a
+
+165
+00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:53,300
+playwright, and one of the most prominent
+
+166
+00:11:53,300 --> 00:11:56,580
+characters, I mean poets in the English
+
+167
+00:11:56,580 --> 00:12:03,940
+literature. He is, he wrote 38 plays among which
+
+168
+00:12:03,940 --> 00:12:08,540
+Hamlet, Othello, Shakespeare, I mean King Lear,
+
+169
+00:12:08,860 --> 00:12:13,620
+and Macbeth, and a lot of other plays. He wrote
+
+170
+00:12:13,620 --> 00:12:19,980
+154 sonnets, and they were all very famous for
+
+171
+00:12:19,980 --> 00:12:23,680
+him. And Shakespeare, at the beginning of his
+
+172
+00:12:23,680 --> 00:12:28,700
+life, he started as an actor and a playwright. He
+
+173
+00:12:28,700 --> 00:12:31,160
+used to act in this theater, it's called The
+
+174
+00:12:31,160 --> 00:12:35,770
+Globe, and here I have some pictures for it. So
+
+175
+00:12:35,770 --> 00:12:39,170
+The Globe is a theater in Stratford-Upon-Avon.
+
+176
+00:12:39,710 --> 00:12:41,990
+It's a nice place where like you have a river,
+
+177
+00:12:42,450 --> 00:12:45,090
+Stratford-Upon-Avon, and he was living near The
+
+178
+00:12:45,090 --> 00:12:49,910
+Globe in fact. Yes? His plays at the beginning
+
+179
+00:12:49,910 --> 00:12:53,210
+used to be comedies and about history. I think
+
+180
+00:12:53,210 --> 00:12:53,370
+because
+
+181
+00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:01,220
+They became more sophisticated and more profound
+
+182
+00:13:01,220 --> 00:13:05,580
+and they became tragedies. We all know his style.
+
+183
+00:13:05,720 --> 00:13:09,120
+Shakespeare is known for the blank verse and he
+
+184
+00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:13,700
+always uses iambic pentameter. I think he borrowed
+
+185
+00:13:13,700 --> 00:13:17,860
+the blank verse from whom? From Christopher
+
+186
+00:13:17,860 --> 00:13:20,140
+Marlowe? No, not Christopher Marlowe. If you
+
+187
+00:13:20,140 --> 00:13:23,820
+remember, the one who invented the black verse was
+
+188
+00:13:23,820 --> 00:13:27,720
+Henry Howard Errol of Surrey. Shakespeare made use
+
+189
+00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:30,800
+of that by, you know, most of his plays were
+
+190
+00:13:30,800 --> 00:13:33,300
+written in iambic pentameter. But I don't know,
+
+191
+00:13:33,440 --> 00:13:37,560
+you said he was an actor and he was writing plays,
+
+192
+00:13:38,160 --> 00:13:43,930
+but then how did he come to write poetry? I don't
+
+193
+00:13:43,930 --> 00:13:50,950
+know, actually. Okay. I think, you know, in 1592
+
+194
+00:13:50,950 --> 00:13:55,490
+and 54, like, the theaters closed down because
+
+195
+00:13:55,490 --> 00:13:58,810
+there was a plague, you know, the plague. And, you
+
+196
+00:13:58,810 --> 00:14:03,170
+know, during this period, like, he wrote the 154
+
+197
+00:14:03,170 --> 00:14:08,580
+sonnets. And I think, you know, he addressed like
+
+198
+00:14:08,580 --> 00:14:15,760
+126 to a young man, and one like, you know, or 26
+
+199
+00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:20,040
+to the dark lady, and like two poems, you know,
+
+200
+00:14:20,120 --> 00:14:23,700
+like they were not addressed to anybody. But he
+
+201
+00:14:23,700 --> 00:14:27,320
+was like, his sonnets like were amazing by the
+
+202
+00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:30,980
+rhyme, the rhythm, the images, and so on. That's
+
+203
+00:14:30,980 --> 00:14:33,240
+it. I mean, his personal life is some sort of
+
+204
+00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:35,340
+secret. There are a lot of questions about his
+
+205
+00:14:35,340 --> 00:14:41,320
+life, his religion, his, I don't know, some of his
+
+206
+00:14:41,320 --> 00:14:44,100
+sonnets are not known who are they addressed to.
+
+207
+00:14:44,640 --> 00:14:47,660
+And that's it. He doesn't have a lot to talk
+
+208
+00:14:47,660 --> 00:14:51,720
+about. I'd like to read the poem for you aloud.
+
+209
+00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:58,500
+And after that, you're going to listen to two
+
+210
+00:14:58,500 --> 00:15:03,200
+versions of the song. Okay, I bet like you read it
+
+211
+00:15:03,200 --> 00:15:07,400
+aloud yourself. Shall I compare thee to a summer's
+
+212
+00:15:07,400 --> 00:15:11,100
+day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
+
+213
+00:15:12,120 --> 00:15:16,230
+Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May. And
+
+214
+00:15:16,230 --> 00:15:21,130
+summer's lease hath all too short a date, Sometime
+
+215
+00:15:21,130 --> 00:15:25,430
+too hot the eye of heaven shines, And off is his
+
+216
+00:15:25,430 --> 00:15:29,170
+old complexion dimmed, And every fur from fur
+
+217
+00:15:29,170 --> 00:15:32,850
+sometime declines By chance or nature's changing
+
+218
+00:15:32,850 --> 00:15:37,100
+course untrimmed. But thy, but thy eternal summer
+
+219
+00:15:37,100 --> 00:15:41,100
+shall not fade, nor lose position of that fair
+
+220
+00:15:41,100 --> 00:15:44,440
+thou ow'st, nor shall death brag that wondrous in
+
+221
+00:15:44,440 --> 00:15:47,900
+his shade, when in eternal lines to time thou
+
+222
+00:15:47,900 --> 00:15:52,100
+grow'st, so long as men can breathe or eyes can
+
+223
+00:15:52,100 --> 00:15:56,080
+see, so long they've lived this and this gives
+
+224
+00:15:56,080 --> 00:16:02,260
+life to thee. Okay, so in a minute, you'll be
+
+225
+00:16:02,260 --> 00:16:06,820
+listening to the two versions, and I wish after
+
+226
+00:16:06,820 --> 00:16:10,560
+that you see which appeals to you more, which
+
+227
+00:16:10,560 --> 00:16:14,160
+appeals to you and why, okay? So I wish you good
+
+228
+00:16:14,160 --> 00:16:16,620
+luck with watching it. Thank you very much, and
+
+229
+00:16:16,620 --> 00:16:18,160
+next time we'll continue, okay?
+
+230
+00:16:34,930 --> 00:16:42,310
+Shall I compare thee to
+
+231
+00:16:42,310 --> 00:16:50,570
+a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more
+
+232
+00:16:50,570 --> 00:16:58,070
+temperate Rough winds do shake the darling bells
+
+233
+00:16:58,070 --> 00:17:06,740
+of May And summer's peace hath all too short a
+
+234
+00:17:06,740 --> 00:17:14,400
+date Sometime
+
+235
+00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:24,510
+too hot, the eye of heaven shines And often he His
+
+236
+00:17:24,510 --> 00:17:33,290
+God-complexion Him, and every flare From flare
+
+237
+00:17:33,290 --> 00:17:40,470
+sometimes replies By chance or by nature's
+
+238
+00:17:40,470 --> 00:17:43,510
+changing course and trend
+
+239
+00:17:52,940 --> 00:18:02,360
+But I tell myself, shut up and run. No room of
+
+240
+00:18:02,360 --> 00:18:10,680
+possession, I prefer to dance. No shelter's
+
+241
+00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:15,060
+bright, that one who's in his right.
+
+242
+00:18:24,580 --> 00:18:34,120
+So long as men can breathe or eyes can see So long
+
+243
+00:18:34,120 --> 00:18:42,440
+lives this And
+
+244
+00:18:42,440 --> 00:18:50,080
+this gives life to
+
+245
+00:18:50,080 --> 00:18:50,700
+thee
+
+246
+00:19:12,550 --> 00:19:17,070
+Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art
+
+247
+00:19:17,070 --> 00:19:22,390
+more lovely, and more temperate. Rough winds do
+
+248
+00:19:22,390 --> 00:19:26,490
+shake the darling buds of May, And summer's leafs
+
+249
+00:19:26,490 --> 00:19:31,230
+have all too short a date. Sometimes too hot the
+
+250
+00:19:31,230 --> 00:19:34,680
+eye of heaven shines, And often it is known to
+
+251
+00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:39,100
+convection indignant, And every fair, fun fair,
+
+252
+00:19:39,320 --> 00:19:43,700
+sometimes declines By chance, or nature's changing
+
+253
+00:19:43,700 --> 00:19:49,500
+course untrimmed. But thy eternal summer shall not
+
+254
+00:19:49,500 --> 00:19:53,120
+fade, Nor those possession of that fair thou
+
+255
+00:19:53,120 --> 00:19:57,640
+roast, Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in new
+
+256
+00:19:57,640 --> 00:20:02,760
+shade, When in eternal rhymes to time thou roast.
+
+257
+00:20:04,720 --> 00:20:10,460
+So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, so
+
+258
+00:20:10,460 --> 00:20:16,980
+long lives this, and this gives life to me.
+
+259
+00:20:24,180 --> 00:20:26,800
+So now that you have watched both poems and how
+
+260
+00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:28,620
+they were recited, which one do you think suits
+
+261
+00:20:28,620 --> 00:20:30,960
+more the atmosphere of the poem? Which one did you
+
+262
+00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:31,240
+like?
+
+263
+00:20:37,270 --> 00:20:39,810
+So the first one. What about you?
+
+264
+00:20:54,710 --> 00:20:56,110
+Okay,
+
+265
+00:21:01,330 --> 00:21:01,350
+interesting.
+
+266
+00:21:12,670 --> 00:21:16,110
+Also, as she said, I prefer the first because it
+
+267
+00:21:16,110 --> 00:21:20,310
+is too emotional and make us to living inside the
+
+268
+00:21:20,310 --> 00:21:25,330
+atmosphere of the poem. And about the other one, I
+
+269
+00:21:25,330 --> 00:21:29,990
+think it is, it does not have feeling and it is
+
+270
+00:21:29,990 --> 00:21:31,770
+not emotion. It's like he was just reading the
+
+271
+00:21:31,770 --> 00:21:36,010
+poem. Yes, yes. First, it's more musical and touch
+
+272
+00:21:36,010 --> 00:21:38,170
+our hearts. But the second,
+
+273
+00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:45,120
+Any other opinions?
+
+274
+00:21:47,640 --> 00:21:52,440
+Who likes the first one? Show of hands. Okay, the
+
+275
+00:21:52,440 --> 00:21:55,560
+second. You're the only one.
+
+276
+00:21:58,710 --> 00:22:02,010
+I personally like the first one too. It's more
+
+277
+00:22:02,010 --> 00:22:06,950
+musical, more emotional. Shows everything, like
+
+278
+00:22:06,950 --> 00:22:11,550
+what he thought here. He's talking about love and
+
+279
+00:22:11,550 --> 00:22:15,890
+he wants to compare his love to a summer day and
+
+280
+00:22:15,890 --> 00:22:21,530
+stuff like that. So that's it. Thank you.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/ReZsY2VOIaY.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2239 @@
+
+1
+00:00:12,260 --> 00:00:19,240
+As-salamu alaykum. How are you? Good.
+
+2
+00:00:21,820 --> 00:00:27,630
+So today, after listening to your reports, and
+
+3
+00:00:27,630 --> 00:00:30,330
+we're planning to continue the debate we started
+
+4
+00:00:30,330 --> 00:00:33,930
+last time. But this time, we are having a leader.
+
+5
+00:00:34,110 --> 00:00:38,930
+So we are two leaders, me and Ms. Ahlam. We are
+
+6
+00:00:38,930 --> 00:00:41,890
+going to debate. So she's going to choose a team
+
+7
+00:00:41,890 --> 00:00:46,350
+or anybody who can go with her and come with me.
+
+8
+00:00:47,830 --> 00:00:50,510
+And I ask you, if you remember last time, to 
+
+9
+00:00:50,510 --> 00:00:55,270
+search more. But before we start, I would be
+
+10
+00:00:55,270 --> 00:01:00,470
+interested in listening to one report of yours.
+
+11
+00:01:07,810 --> 00:01:10,370
+I want a different guess.
+
+12
+00:01:20,310 --> 00:01:23,230
+Just come here, come here. Being absent for two
+
+13
+00:01:23,230 --> 00:01:25,290
+sequential quarter lectures is something you can't
+
+14
+00:01:25,290 --> 00:01:27,790
+describe, especially after your admiration to each 
+
+15
+00:01:27,790 --> 00:01:30,730
+word given in the class. Yeah, I was absent for
+
+16
+00:01:30,730 --> 00:01:32,410
+two days and I didn't come to the university
+
+17
+00:01:32,410 --> 00:01:35,350
+because of some syndromic circumstances. They told
+
+18
+00:01:35,350 --> 00:01:36,990
+me about the collection of reports and the
+
+19
+00:01:36,990 --> 00:01:41,190
+repetitive marks. Anyway, I watched the videos and
+
+20
+00:01:41,190 --> 00:01:43,310
+they wrote my report, which is something necessary
+
+21
+00:01:43,310 --> 00:01:46,070
+in my day. What happened in the last lecture
+
+22
+00:01:46,070 --> 00:01:49,110
+remind me of what we did in Marlow and Relief, but
+
+23
+00:01:49,110 --> 00:01:52,650
+now it is different. It's between two ideas or two
+
+24
+00:01:52,650 --> 00:01:55,790
+themes in the same poem. We have to decide if this
+
+25
+00:01:55,790 --> 00:01:57,830
+poem is about the industrial revolution or the
+
+26
+00:01:57,830 --> 00:02:00,570
+poetic imagination. Two groups were debated and
+
+27
+00:02:00,570 --> 00:02:03,490
+both of them gave good arguments and answers. For
+
+28
+00:02:03,490 --> 00:02:07,210
+me, I really got confused. I am really confused
+
+29
+00:02:07,210 --> 00:02:09,630
+that you can't say it is something for
+
+30
+00:02:09,630 --> 00:02:12,000
+revolutionary poetry, because it's written in the
+
+31
+00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:14,320
+revolution time. Ordinarily, the poem will
+
+32
+00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:16,080
+represent the beginning of industrial revolution.
+
+33
+00:02:16,620 --> 00:02:18,560
+However, when you see the words or the poems
+
+34
+00:02:18,560 --> 00:02:21,700
+itself, you can, it comes to your mind that it is
+
+35
+00:02:21,700 --> 00:02:24,600
+talks, it talks about the botic imagination. I
+
+36
+00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:26,980
+really don't know, but for sure, after well
+
+37
+00:02:26,980 --> 00:02:30,300
+analysis and my search and study, I will hopefully
+
+38
+00:02:30,300 --> 00:02:34,440
+will reach the point. Thereafter, Dr. Habib shows
+
+39
+00:02:34,440 --> 00:02:37,260
+some videos that describe how England was and how
+
+40
+00:02:37,260 --> 00:02:39,600
+the industrial revolution changed everything, even
+
+41
+00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:43,500
+the purity of countryside. Good, thank you very 
+
+42
+00:02:43,500 --> 00:02:48,000
+much. Yes, it seems like we succeeded in like
+
+43
+00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:52,480
+buffling you because that was the intention, like
+
+44
+00:02:52,480 --> 00:02:55,240
+to baffle you and to make you research more.
+
+45
+00:02:55,880 --> 00:02:59,260
+Because yes, you don't know what is it about. So
+
+46
+00:02:59,260 --> 00:03:01,880
+you have to research and to see what is it about.
+
+47
+00:03:02,700 --> 00:03:05,800
+Okay, yes. Jihan, do you want to redeem yourself 
+
+48
+00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:11,320
+because you keep absent? And you don't like to see
+
+49
+00:03:11,320 --> 00:03:16,860
+the surprises? Do you know what the surprise? It
+
+50
+00:03:16,860 --> 00:03:20,300
+sounds like a bad one. No, no, no. Okay. Okay.
+
+51
+00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:24,620
+It's a good one. You come here. Okay, this is more 
+
+52
+00:03:24,620 --> 00:03:30,970
+unbuffled as well. Tiger, tiger by Blake's hand in
+
+53
+00:03:30,970 --> 00:03:34,370
+the night the eyes do stand Created by God burning
+
+54
+00:03:34,370 --> 00:03:37,130
+bright And then by the poet another in sight
+
+55
+00:03:37,130 --> 00:03:40,930
+Framed good and framed bad They say that's exactly
+
+56
+00:03:40,930 --> 00:03:44,730
+industrial land But poetics I see a poet's stand
+
+57
+00:03:44,730 --> 00:03:49,590
+So perplexing it may, it might Be this or that or 
+
+58
+00:03:49,590 --> 00:03:52,830
+a third invoked fright Well, good clap for her
+
+59
+00:03:52,830 --> 00:03:57,890
+again. You know, she's hinting to the dilemma we 
+
+60
+00:03:57,890 --> 00:04:02,310
+have of interpretations. And today's class, as you
+
+61
+00:04:02,310 --> 00:04:05,770
+know, the title of today's class, it is debating
+
+62
+00:04:05,770 --> 00:04:10,150
+the different interpretations of Blake's The
+
+63
+00:04:10,150 --> 00:04:18,510
+Tiger. So now, last time, we just tried like to to
+
+64
+00:04:18,510 --> 00:04:21,550
+touch upon slightly two different interpretations.
+
+65
+00:04:22,470 --> 00:04:27,250
+Like, the most prominent one is the one about, 
+
+66
+00:04:27,510 --> 00:04:29,370
+like, the tiger is about the industrial 
+
+67
+00:04:29,370 --> 00:04:34,310
+revolution. And the most intellectual one, you
+
+68
+00:04:34,310 --> 00:04:37,590
+see, I would say, it is about the poetic 
+
+69
+00:04:37,590 --> 00:04:40,490
+imagination. It is about the artistic creation.
+
+70
+00:04:41,670 --> 00:04:45,710
+So, like, we want to see you interacting today. 
+
+71
+00:04:46,550 --> 00:04:49,570
+And that's why we devised a new plan or a new 
+
+72
+00:04:49,570 --> 00:04:53,070
+strategy of having an experienced teacher with me.
+
+73
+00:04:53,630 --> 00:04:56,650
+And we are debating. And of course, I'm debating
+
+74
+00:04:56,650 --> 00:05:01,210
+today against my conviction, which is perhaps an
+
+75
+00:05:01,210 --> 00:05:07,730
+art of debate. So I'd like people to come this
+
+76
+00:05:07,730 --> 00:05:12,810
+side to share with Ms. Ahlam, who's ready.
+
+77
+00:05:16,770 --> 00:05:20,510
+She's adopting the poetic creation. And we're
+
+78
+00:05:20,510 --> 00:05:22,330
+going to have the poem, yes?
+
+79
+00:05:25,470 --> 00:05:28,070
+Again, Khaled, we're going to have a debate, like
+
+80
+00:05:28,070 --> 00:05:34,690
+last time. Okay, you just come here, okay? Please,
+
+81
+00:05:35,250 --> 00:05:37,910
+anyone who wants to side with her, with them?
+
+82
+00:05:39,750 --> 00:05:43,170
+Okay, let's see. This is like you come either
+
+83
+00:05:43,170 --> 00:05:46,610
+side, here or there. So I'm afraid nobody is going
+
+84
+00:05:46,610 --> 00:05:53,190
+to side with me. Okay, yes. You can have your,
+
+85
+00:05:53,370 --> 00:05:55,470
+your bring, your bring chairs.
+
+86
+00:05:58,410 --> 00:05:59,470
+We need the poem though.
+
+87
+00:06:19,280 --> 00:06:20,460
+Okay, okay.
+
+88
+00:06:31,980 --> 00:06:37,480
+We need like some people to come on my side. Yes,
+
+89
+00:06:37,940 --> 00:06:39,580
+it's about industrial revolution.
+
+90
+00:06:42,400 --> 00:06:44,960
+Okay, you want me to be alone?
+
+91
+00:06:48,050 --> 00:06:54,110
+Okay, yes? Yes, Rwand? Now we are like the other
+
+92
+00:06:54,110 --> 00:07:00,370
+Rwand. You see? Yes, do you want like? No, you
+
+93
+00:07:00,370 --> 00:07:05,010
+just sit Rwand like. We don't have two Rwand. This 
+
+94
+00:07:05,010 --> 00:07:05,970
+will, okay.
+
+95
+00:07:24,960 --> 00:07:30,840
+No, it's not there. We have it here. So, you need
+
+96
+00:07:30,840 --> 00:07:36,100
+a mic? Khaled, do they have a mic? Just one mic?
+
+97
+00:07:36,660 --> 00:07:37,020
+Okay.
+
+98
+00:07:39,880 --> 00:07:45,940
+It's okay. So, and we have to vote who's winning. 
+
+99
+00:07:46,860 --> 00:07:51,180
+You know, like at the end, there will be a voting.
+
+100
+00:07:53,630 --> 00:07:59,830
+What do you think? Like, is the tiger about poetic
+
+101
+00:07:59,830 --> 00:08:03,630
+imagination, artistic imagination? Or is it about,
+
+102
+00:08:04,430 --> 00:08:09,010
+you know, the Industrial Revolution? Okay. Shall
+
+103
+00:08:09,010 --> 00:08:13,310
+we start by you? By your team? Yes.
+
+104
+00:08:16,030 --> 00:08:17,450
+What do you think? Yes.
+
+105
+00:08:20,220 --> 00:08:27,320
+All right, I think like the era before Blake, the
+
+106
+00:08:27,320 --> 00:08:31,720
+poetry lacked imagination. They were too concerned
+
+107
+00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:34,840
+about rationalism and reason and discussing these
+
+108
+00:08:34,840 --> 00:08:37,770
+themes in their poetry. And then Blake was the pre
+
+109
+00:08:37,770 --> 00:08:42,510
+-romantic, so he started, or he initiated by his 
+
+110
+00:08:42,510 --> 00:08:47,350
+works, the poetic imagination, a broader sense of
+
+111
+00:08:47,350 --> 00:08:51,250
+thematic tacklement in his poetry. And here in the 
+
+112
+00:08:51,250 --> 00:08:56,230
+tiger, we saw a lot of indications, like hand,
+
+113
+00:08:56,390 --> 00:09:00,370
+eye, frame, and then some oxymorons, and he's
+
+114
+00:09:00,370 --> 00:09:04,750
+showing God's creation, but then he gave us, he
+
+115
+00:09:04,750 --> 00:09:08,920
+framed it in a way to give us a deeper meaning, to
+
+116
+00:09:08,920 --> 00:09:14,440
+see what's beyond this creation, to see like he
+
+117
+00:09:14,440 --> 00:09:17,680
+reflected like the bad and the good, like he
+
+118
+00:09:17,680 --> 00:09:21,720
+showed us a creation of art. And that's what I see
+
+119
+00:09:21,720 --> 00:09:25,260
+like is very prominent about this poet, the poem 
+
+120
+00:09:25,260 --> 00:09:29,660
+in particular. Okay, thank you. Dewan, do you want 
+
+121
+00:09:29,660 --> 00:09:33,280
+to add anything? You just come closer here. Yes,
+
+122
+00:09:33,380 --> 00:09:36,000
+do you want to respond to that? I think that
+
+123
+00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:38,900
+William Blake is considered one of the romanticism 
+
+124
+00:09:38,900 --> 00:09:41,840
+poets and they were all concerned about
+
+125
+00:09:41,840 --> 00:09:45,660
+criticizing the industrial revolution and all
+
+126
+00:09:45,660 --> 00:09:48,820
+their poetry. So he's considered one of them. So
+
+127
+00:09:48,820 --> 00:09:52,360
+he's also criticizing the industrial revolution.
+
+128
+00:09:57,360 --> 00:10:00,520
+I think you know you might be true to some extent 
+
+129
+00:10:00,520 --> 00:10:04,580
+because what you said like has to do with the 
+
+130
+00:10:04,580 --> 00:10:06,820
+general you know things you are right it's about 
+
+131
+00:10:06,820 --> 00:10:09,520
+him it's not about the poem it's not about
+
+132
+00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:13,440
+imagination but like Blake was interested you know
+
+133
+00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:16,720
+in imagination because he was writing something
+
+134
+00:10:16,720 --> 00:10:20,500
+against the expectation of his time But I think
+
+135
+00:10:20,500 --> 00:10:23,000
+here in this poem, it is about industrial 
+
+136
+00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:25,940
+revolution. Like as you see, there are many 
+
+137
+00:10:25,940 --> 00:10:29,440
+references in the poem which assert the fact that
+
+138
+00:10:29,440 --> 00:10:31,980
+it is about the industrial revolution. This 
+
+139
+00:10:31,980 --> 00:10:38,600
+meticulous process of designing, of framing the
+
+140
+00:10:38,600 --> 00:10:42,500
+tiger seems to be like it is about industrial
+
+141
+00:10:42,500 --> 00:10:42,940
+revolution.
+
+142
+00:10:47,730 --> 00:10:53,050
+It's okay. Okay. So as you said, that the poem 
+
+143
+00:10:53,050 --> 00:10:56,050
+generally talks about a kind of revolution, 
+
+144
+00:10:56,830 --> 00:11:01,190
+whether it is a political revolution or a literary
+
+145
+00:11:01,190 --> 00:11:04,290
+or again, a poetic revolution, we can consider 
+
+146
+00:11:04,290 --> 00:11:08,070
+both of them inside the poem here, The Tiger. So
+
+147
+00:11:08,070 --> 00:11:12,050
+this is just as you said before that the poem is
+
+148
+00:11:12,050 --> 00:11:14,010
+talking about the industrial revolution or the 
+
+149
+00:11:14,010 --> 00:11:16,050
+French or the American revolution, whatever
+
+150
+00:11:16,050 --> 00:11:19,030
+revolution it is. So we can talk about revolutions 
+
+151
+00:11:19,030 --> 00:11:21,830
+in general. So you are giving me credit. Thank you
+
+152
+00:11:21,830 --> 00:11:24,790
+very much. You are giving me credit. It's okay. So
+
+153
+00:11:24,790 --> 00:11:27,090
+from what you have said, again, the Industrial 
+
+154
+00:11:27,090 --> 00:11:28,930
+Revolution, we can talk about the poetic 
+
+155
+00:11:28,930 --> 00:11:31,830
+revolution inside the poem itself. As Jihan 
+
+156
+00:11:31,830 --> 00:11:35,610
+mentioned before too, that the age before William
+
+157
+00:11:35,610 --> 00:11:38,430
+Blake is the age of reason, as you know. It is the
+
+158
+00:11:38,430 --> 00:11:41,390
+enlightenment period with all its, again, concerns
+
+159
+00:11:41,390 --> 00:11:44,790
+about the human mind only without, you know, given 
+
+160
+00:11:44,790 --> 00:11:49,310
+any concern to his feelings, his emotions. I mean
+
+161
+00:11:49,310 --> 00:11:51,970
+the internal side of the human being. They dealt 
+
+162
+00:11:51,970 --> 00:11:54,730
+with him as a kind of report or machine or
+
+163
+00:11:54,730 --> 00:11:57,270
+something like that. But here we can take the 
+
+164
+00:11:57,270 --> 00:12:04,320
+tiger as the new creation of art. Okay, thank you
+
+165
+00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:07,440
+very much, you know, it sounds interesting, but
+
+166
+00:12:07,440 --> 00:12:11,060
+let us, you know, gently disagree with you. Okay.
+
+167
+00:12:11,200 --> 00:12:13,600
+And I'm not sure like whether one of my team
+
+168
+00:12:13,600 --> 00:12:17,040
+members is going to have, you know, yeah, this is 
+
+169
+00:12:17,040 --> 00:12:19,280
+the heart of debating, we have to disagree with
+
+170
+00:12:19,280 --> 00:12:22,120
+each other. Actually, the poem is like describing
+
+171
+00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:25,140
+process and like we all know that industrial 
+
+172
+00:12:25,140 --> 00:12:27,520
+revolution is concerned with the process like to
+
+173
+00:12:27,880 --> 00:12:32,900
+to produce something. And in the tiger, it can be
+
+174
+00:12:32,900 --> 00:12:37,040
+seen as it symbolized the industrial revolution by
+
+175
+00:12:37,040 --> 00:12:40,020
+the process of its creation. Yeah, and I'm going
+
+176
+00:12:40,020 --> 00:12:43,420
+to add to that that if you look here at this
+
+177
+00:12:43,420 --> 00:12:46,840
+creation, it is a monster-like. It is a monster. 
+
+178
+00:12:47,300 --> 00:12:50,200
+It is like a monster. And what is more monstrous 
+
+179
+00:12:50,200 --> 00:12:53,240
+than the industrial revolution? So here, if you
+
+180
+00:12:53,240 --> 00:12:56,280
+look at the tiger, It is, you know, very
+
+181
+00:12:56,280 --> 00:13:01,100
+frightening. It is very horrifying. And yes, that 
+
+182
+00:13:01,100 --> 00:13:04,660
+was, I know some of you would say, what about, you 
+
+183
+00:13:04,660 --> 00:13:09,420
+know, like fearful symmetry? And like, yes, of
+
+184
+00:13:09,420 --> 00:13:11,600
+course, the Industrial Revolution has its
+
+185
+00:13:13,290 --> 00:13:17,410
+glimmering, shimmering aspect. But again, it is
+
+186
+00:13:17,410 --> 00:13:21,530
+deep inside, it has corrupted, it corrupts the
+
+187
+00:13:21,530 --> 00:13:25,270
+people, it has a moral corruption, social 
+
+188
+00:13:25,270 --> 00:13:30,450
+corruption. So I think this is not like an
+
+189
+00:13:30,450 --> 00:13:33,950
+ordinary tiger. It is a mythical, it is a monster, 
+
+190
+00:13:34,430 --> 00:13:38,330
+and it reminds me of Chile, Frankenstein. You see 
+
+191
+00:13:38,330 --> 00:13:39,770
+what I mean? Yeah, that's it.
+
+192
+00:13:49,960 --> 00:13:54,580
+Okay, I want to say from the poem itself, why he
+
+193
+00:13:54,580 --> 00:13:59,660
+chose the tiger and
+
+223
+00:15:56,940 --> 00:16:02,000
+Let us stick to their main proposition, which says
+
+224
+00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:05,820
+we have a difference between the tiger and the 
+
+225
+00:16:05,820 --> 00:16:09,820
+lamb. I think here the question is, the persona in 
+
+226
+00:16:09,820 --> 00:16:13,660
+the poem is exclaiming, is asking, because this is
+
+227
+00:16:13,660 --> 00:16:18,980
+a monster. Did the one who created the lamb create 
+
+228
+00:16:18,980 --> 00:16:22,080
+thee? So it is surprising, because this is like a 
+
+229
+00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:24,380
+monster. Think of the other side.
+
+230
+00:16:28,180 --> 00:16:33,480
+Is it a monastery for whom? Yes. The other
+
+231
+00:16:33,480 --> 00:16:36,520
+question. So it is okay, we can agree that it is a 
+
+232
+00:16:36,520 --> 00:16:39,480
+monastery life, but it is a monastery for whom? Is
+
+233
+00:16:39,480 --> 00:16:42,160
+it a monastery for the new romantic, the new
+
+234
+00:16:42,160 --> 00:16:44,980
+period, or for the previous period? I mean before 
+
+235
+00:16:44,980 --> 00:16:48,280
+romanticism, the new classical. So this is another
+
+236
+00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:51,500
+thing. So if we go again to the fearful symmetry. 
+
+237
+00:16:51,980 --> 00:16:54,140
+Symmetry, it is the shape of poetry. This is what 
+
+238
+00:16:54,140 --> 00:16:56,600
+we can consider here. But it is fearful. Fearful 
+
+239
+00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:59,430
+for whom? Is it fearful for, I mean, the new
+
+240
+00:16:59,430 --> 00:17:01,950
+generation or the previous generation? So it might 
+
+241
+00:17:01,950 --> 00:17:03,970
+be fearful for them because it is a kind of a 
+
+242
+00:17:03,970 --> 00:17:07,170
+revolutionary one, a rebellious one. Since we can 
+
+243
+00:17:07,170 --> 00:17:10,510
+consider again William Drake as a rebel, as a
+
+244
+00:17:10,510 --> 00:17:14,250
+revolutionary poet. So here we can go deeply again 
+
+245
+00:17:14,250 --> 00:17:18,130
+inside the poem itself and prove our stand here. 
+
+246
+00:17:18,450 --> 00:17:22,330
+So thank you. It's a strong proposition, you know, 
+
+247
+00:17:22,550 --> 00:17:28,170
+we have to respond. Yes. Also here, like the main 
+
+248
+00:17:28,170 --> 00:17:30,930
+focus, if you see whether the lamp or the tiger, 
+
+249
+00:17:31,150 --> 00:17:33,730
+you see that the main focus, not only the thematic 
+
+250
+00:17:33,730 --> 00:17:38,730
+focus, but also the the stylistic focus is on 
+
+251
+00:17:38,730 --> 00:17:41,670
+creation. Like when you said, OK, there's the good
+
+252
+00:17:41,670 --> 00:17:44,510
+side and the bad side. This is something like a 
+
+253
+00:17:44,510 --> 00:17:48,380
+like just a part of the theme and you related that
+
+254
+00:17:48,380 --> 00:17:52,540
+to industrial revolution however if you think of 
+
+255
+00:17:52,540 --> 00:17:55,680
+poetic imagination it includes the theme it
+
+256
+00:17:55,680 --> 00:17:58,920
+includes this style the references in the poem I 
+
+257
+00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:02,600
+do respect what you say guys but it seems like you
+
+258
+00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:05,540
+are not looking closely at the poem you are not 
+
+259
+00:18:05,540 --> 00:18:10,590
+looking at the word frame and I think frame It has
+
+260
+00:18:10,590 --> 00:18:15,450
+to do with artificial. We don't talk about
+
+261
+00:18:15,450 --> 00:18:20,990
+imagination framing, but framing is 
+
+262
+00:18:20,990 --> 00:18:23,330
+more artificial. When we are talking about
+
+263
+00:18:23,330 --> 00:18:27,610
+framing, it is more artificial. It is not the job 
+
+264
+00:18:27,610 --> 00:18:32,970
+of imagination. Imagination might have you know, 
+
+265
+00:18:33,210 --> 00:18:36,930
+more superior, but this has to do with framing. 
+
+266
+00:18:37,490 --> 00:18:40,450
+And again, we are talking about the whole creation 
+
+267
+00:18:40,450 --> 00:18:43,730
+as like if you see somebody is seizing the fire, 
+
+268
+00:18:44,130 --> 00:18:48,210
+is seizing the fire, braces, like the place, see?
+
+269
+00:18:48,450 --> 00:18:52,430
+But the fire as a word is used so much actually by
+
+270
+00:18:52,430 --> 00:18:56,710
+the romantics to mean something which is eternal.
+
+271
+00:18:57,340 --> 00:19:00,620
+Something which is immortal. And immortality again
+
+272
+00:19:00,620 --> 00:19:03,480
+is a key word in romanticism. Yeah, but again this
+
+273
+00:19:03,480 --> 00:19:07,460
+is a satanic fire. It is a satanic fire. It is 
+
+274
+00:19:07,460 --> 00:19:11,640
+Satan burning bright, you know. It contradicts
+
+275
+00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:13,980
+with the lamp. So how you can say that it is 
+
+276
+00:19:13,980 --> 00:19:16,780
+satanic and there is a mortal hand and yeah but
+
+277
+00:19:16,780 --> 00:19:19,500
+look at what a dreaded hand what dreaded feet you
+
+278
+00:19:19,500 --> 00:19:23,700
+know it is you know it is okay perplexing and it
+
+279
+00:19:23,700 --> 00:19:26,580
+is actually horrifying for the I mean the previous
+
+280
+00:19:26,580 --> 00:19:30,280
+generation yeah that's that so also you can see 
+
+281
+00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:33,310
+like you can take the fact that okay there is 
+
+282
+00:19:33,310 --> 00:19:35,170
+something about satanic there's something about
+
+283
+00:19:35,170 --> 00:19:37,790
+really good and divine yeah but if you look at
+
+284
+00:19:37,790 --> 00:19:41,890
+that made by the poet himself he managed to frame
+
+285
+00:19:41,890 --> 00:19:45,470
+it in a way to show you the good and the bad so it
+
+286
+00:19:45,470 --> 00:19:48,810
+it can be related to anything but if we look at 
+
+287
+00:19:48,810 --> 00:19:51,570
+the real life of the English people how it was
+
+288
+00:19:51,570 --> 00:19:55,660
+transformed by that hideous Monster, I would say
+
+289
+00:19:55,660 --> 00:19:58,960
+hideous monster because it transfigured the whole 
+
+290
+00:19:58,960 --> 00:20:03,680
+life of the English people, like people where the
+
+291
+00:20:03,680 --> 00:20:06,720
+life of the people was mechanical, you know, a lot 
+
+292
+00:20:06,720 --> 00:20:09,460
+of people were abused, you know, women were abused 
+
+293
+00:20:09,460 --> 00:20:11,640
+in the factory. So don't you think this is
+
+294
+00:20:11,640 --> 00:20:17,890
+satanic? No. It is symmetry, yes. It, you know, 
+
+295
+00:20:17,970 --> 00:20:21,210
+organized, it framed their life from the outside.
+
+296
+00:20:21,730 --> 00:20:26,110
+They, you know, they were more urbanized. However,
+
+297
+00:20:26,710 --> 00:20:29,230
+there was moral degradation. There, you know,
+
+298
+00:20:29,590 --> 00:20:32,770
+there was like political degradation, social
+
+299
+00:20:32,770 --> 00:20:36,090
+degradation. So we were talking about, you know, a 
+
+300
+00:20:36,090 --> 00:20:39,270
+relapse in human values. well how then do you 
+
+301
+00:20:39,270 --> 00:20:42,650
+explain all the words that refer to creation to
+
+302
+00:20:42,650 --> 00:20:46,110
+change in the poetic sense of the age like the 
+
+303
+00:20:46,110 --> 00:20:48,970
+previous age used to have different style
+
+304
+00:20:48,970 --> 00:20:52,850
+different words different references and here the 
+
+305
+00:20:52,850 --> 00:20:56,590
+focus seems to be on changing and shifting that
+
+306
+00:20:56,590 --> 00:21:00,250
+shifting that style of writing into something more
+
+307
+00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:02,580
+Yeah, but look here, he's still using the heroic
+
+308
+00:21:02,580 --> 00:21:05,340
+couplet, you know? So what shift you are taking? 
+
+309
+00:21:05,500 --> 00:21:07,820
+Nine and nine. That's why he's pre-romantic. No,
+
+310
+00:21:07,940 --> 00:21:10,220
+this is not pre-romantic. No, heroic couplet,
+
+311
+00:21:10,400 --> 00:21:13,780
+heroic couplet. Heroic couplet is Alexander Pope
+
+312
+00:21:13,780 --> 00:21:16,840
+and John Drowden. So, you know, and this is, you 
+
+313
+00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:19,760
+know, I think it is mechanical. So if we're
+
+314
+00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:20,540
+talking about this,
+
+315
+00:21:26,170 --> 00:21:29,790
+I agree with Dr. Akramdah that it is a mechanical 
+
+316
+00:21:29,790 --> 00:21:33,150
+revolution because he used, as he said, he used
+
+317
+00:21:33,150 --> 00:21:39,310
+the same complex of the previous era. As a 
+
+318
+00:21:39,310 --> 00:21:41,550
+romantic for what he cannot get rid of actually
+
+319
+00:21:41,550 --> 00:21:43,770
+all the styles of the previous era. If he wants to 
+
+320
+00:21:43,770 --> 00:21:46,570
+make a revolution, he has to. Even the heroic
+
+321
+00:21:46,570 --> 00:21:48,910
+couplet, he managed to give it a different feel.
+
+322
+00:21:49,150 --> 00:21:51,790
+No, but if he wants to make a new revolution, he
+
+323
+00:21:51,790 --> 00:21:55,770
+has to change everything, to change everything in
+
+324
+00:21:55,770 --> 00:21:58,970
+the poem. That to convince us about his idea, 
+
+325
+00:21:59,110 --> 00:22:02,790
+about his ideas. That's what they call step by 
+
+326
+00:22:02,790 --> 00:22:05,650
+step. Exactly, that's it. It's not one jump. It's
+
+327
+00:22:05,650 --> 00:22:11,080
+not like... It is a revolution, so he has to... 
+
+328
+00:22:11,080 --> 00:22:15,220
+No, it's okay, we can help ourselves. I see
+
+329
+00:22:15,220 --> 00:22:17,520
+somebody from the audience. We have a question, 
+
+330
+00:22:17,640 --> 00:22:17,820
+yes?
+
+331
+00:22:33,580 --> 00:22:37,100
+So he meant himself like he was a tiger. Poetry. 
+
+332
+00:22:37,460 --> 00:22:40,640
+The new kind of poetry. The new kind of poetry.
+
+333
+00:22:40,980 --> 00:22:43,040
+This is the tiger. Thank you very much. Very good.
+
+334
+00:22:43,380 --> 00:22:47,220
+Yes. But again, like, I don't know how would you 
+
+335
+00:22:47,220 --> 00:22:51,380
+look at the word DER it's deadly terror like here 
+
+336
+00:22:51,380 --> 00:22:54,500
+we don't have fearful symmetry but we have deadly
+
+337
+00:22:54,500 --> 00:22:58,660
+terror Deadly terror, it is, you know, it is here.
+
+338
+00:22:59,260 --> 00:23:02,560
+Dur, it's deadly, you know? Here, what the hammer,
+
+339
+00:23:02,740 --> 00:23:05,280
+what the chain, in what furnace was thy brain?
+
+340
+00:23:05,680 --> 00:23:08,680
+What the anvil, what the dread grasp? Dur, it's,
+
+341
+00:23:08,880 --> 00:23:12,640
+now we are no longer, you know, we are no longer
+
+342
+00:23:12,640 --> 00:23:17,380
+given this image of the tiger, which is beautiful, 
+
+343
+00:23:17,500 --> 00:23:20,580
+at the same time it is terrible. It is, it is,
+
+344
+00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:23,040
+it's deadly terror, you know? It can be the old
+
+345
+00:23:23,040 --> 00:23:26,500
+poetry. It can be deadly terror. Yeah, but old
+
+346
+00:23:26,500 --> 00:23:29,360
+poetry, how come, you know, it is the terror, you 
+
+347
+00:23:29,360 --> 00:23:31,600
+know? So do you want to say that this creation is
+
+348
+00:23:31,600 --> 00:23:35,780
+creating something old? No, he's actually 
+
+349
+00:23:35,780 --> 00:23:38,360
+comparing and contrasting, sort of. That's it, 
+
+350
+00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:41,960
+yeah. Yeah, between the old kind of poetry that is 
+
+351
+00:23:41,960 --> 00:23:46,720
+very systemized, very dreadful, very terror. But
+
+352
+00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:49,400
+again, like- And what dread had, what dread feel, 
+
+353
+00:23:49,540 --> 00:23:52,980
+what this creator or poet is. If you go back to 
+
+354
+00:23:52,980 --> 00:23:54,980
+the, I mean, the first line of the poem here, 
+
+355
+00:23:55,120 --> 00:23:58,060
+tiger fire burning bright. Yes. So the word 
+
+356
+00:23:58,060 --> 00:24:01,340
+burning and bright, both of them. Burning here, it 
+
+357
+00:24:01,340 --> 00:24:05,080
+reflects the efforts. that the poet is exerting to 
+
+358
+00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:08,120
+bring something new which comes again bright 
+
+359
+00:24:08,120 --> 00:24:11,180
+something new yeah it's burning it's like 
+
+360
+00:24:11,180 --> 00:24:14,480
+electricity it's burning burning bright but it has
+
+361
+00:24:14,480 --> 00:24:17,240
+like a lot of atrocities bring something new which
+
+362
+00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:20,260
+is bright bright for the new generation but like
+
+363
+00:24:20,260 --> 00:24:22,940
+look in the forest of the night in the forest what 
+
+364
+00:24:22,940 --> 00:24:25,220
+is the forest of the night it is i mean the old
+
+365
+00:24:25,220 --> 00:24:28,710
+asias yeah but like who are active at the forest
+
+366
+00:24:28,710 --> 00:24:31,050
+of the night. Like we are talking about animals,
+
+367
+00:24:31,230 --> 00:24:34,010
+wild animals, you know, like monsters, deadly 
+
+368
+00:24:34,010 --> 00:24:36,310
+things. You know, this is what we are talking
+
+369
+00:24:36,310 --> 00:24:38,850
+about. And you know, nobody would approach a
+
+370
+00:24:38,850 --> 00:24:42,150
+burning bride in the forest. It is dark. So, and 
+
+371
+00:24:42,150 --> 00:24:44,250
+we have the night, which is always traditionally
+
+372
+00:24:44,250 --> 00:24:47,870
+associated with evil. Which is a bride in the 
+
+373
+00:24:47,870 --> 00:24:51,160
+darkness of the old ages. It is, like, you know,
+
+374
+00:24:51,220 --> 00:24:54,380
+this applies to machinery, which, you know,
+
+375
+00:24:54,700 --> 00:24:57,860
+changed the life of the countryside, but it was
+
+376
+00:24:57,860 --> 00:25:00,660
+like, yes, it changed the life of the countryside,
+
+377
+00:25:00,900 --> 00:25:04,920
+but how? See? So it might apply to it. So again,
+
+378
+00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:07,020
+what immortal hand or eye? This is the immortal 
+
+379
+00:25:07,020 --> 00:25:09,040
+hand and the eye of the poet. Of the poet. Because
+
+380
+00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:11,400
+we mentioned before so many times that poetry is
+
+381
+00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:16,440
+immortalizing things. Yep. Let's see, let's see
+
+382
+00:25:16,440 --> 00:25:18,780
+another voice from the audience. Yes?
+
+383
+00:25:23,270 --> 00:25:29,550
+Thank you very much. And if you look like tiger, 
+
+384
+00:25:29,770 --> 00:25:32,650
+tiger, burning bright, it's like very systematic.
+
+385
+00:25:32,830 --> 00:25:35,970
+It's like a machine which goes, and if you look 
+
+386
+00:25:35,970 --> 00:25:39,070
+even at the rhythm, you know, it is mechanical. It
+
+387
+00:25:39,070 --> 00:25:41,150
+has to do with the sound of the machine. Tiger, 
+
+388
+00:25:42,510 --> 00:25:45,530
+tiger, tiger, burning bright. It is a machine
+
+389
+00:25:45,530 --> 00:25:51,370
+like, yes, yes please. So yeah, you can rally 
+
+390
+00:25:51,370 --> 00:25:54,630
+support. Okay, yes.
+
+391
+00:25:59,390 --> 00:26:04,210
+Because it's
+
+392
+00:26:04,210 --> 00:26:05,490
+to do with creation.
+
+393
+00:26:09,530 --> 00:26:11,710
+Yeah, we use words, we don't use hammers.
+
+394
+00:26:14,450 --> 00:26:17,090
+Yeah, he could have used like, what words, what
+
+395
+00:26:17,090 --> 00:26:20,150
+vocabulary you like, you know? But here, with the 
+
+396
+00:26:20,150 --> 00:26:21,330
+hammer, with the chain, you know?
+
+397
+00:26:24,680 --> 00:26:28,540
+about the word immortal like it's like reflecting
+
+398
+00:26:28,540 --> 00:26:32,180
+God or something you said or the but maybe it was 
+
+399
+00:26:32,180 --> 00:26:35,140
+how like people at that time looked at industrial
+
+400
+00:26:35,140 --> 00:26:37,400
+revolution and machines and their product and like
+
+401
+00:26:37,400 --> 00:26:40,140
+they considered something like supernatural so
+
+402
+00:26:40,140 --> 00:26:42,560
+that they the extent that they starting to worship 
+
+403
+00:26:42,560 --> 00:26:46,220
+it and not being attention to the countryside and 
+
+404
+00:26:46,220 --> 00:26:49,040
+nature so it might import immortals immortal 
+
+405
+00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:51,620
+reflects the industrial revolution and how people 
+
+406
+00:26:51,620 --> 00:26:52,240
+looked at it
+
+407
+00:27:02,680 --> 00:27:07,220
+Go ahead. What the hammer? What the chain? In what
+
+408
+00:27:07,220 --> 00:27:10,820
+furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? What red 
+
+409
+00:27:10,820 --> 00:27:16,720
+grass? There it's dead little grass. is about this
+
+410
+00:27:16,720 --> 00:27:21,340
+is you know uh you know it can be like look when
+
+411
+00:27:21,340 --> 00:27:23,88
+
+445
+00:29:21,240 --> 00:29:24,860
+Satan. So this is satanic. We have a creature who
+
+446
+00:29:24,860 --> 00:29:27,360
+is rebelling against the creator, you know?
+
+447
+00:29:27,680 --> 00:29:30,760
+Because here, dare, you know, the word dare again.
+
+448
+00:29:31,340 --> 00:29:34,820
+So I think this is about a monstrous, you know,
+
+449
+00:29:35,020 --> 00:29:37,580
+it's about the machine. It is about the industrial
+
+450
+00:29:37,580 --> 00:29:41,720
+revolution. This one I strongly believe in. I love
+
+451
+00:29:41,720 --> 00:29:44,740
+the machine. Ah, okay, thank you very much. Yes,
+
+452
+00:29:44,960 --> 00:29:47,860
+Rana? But we love poetry more. And we love poetry 
+
+453
+00:29:47,860 --> 00:29:51,040
+more. This poem, the shape of this poem is talking
+
+454
+00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:55,060
+about just like revolution against poetry. And
+
+455
+00:29:55,060 --> 00:29:57,740
+William Blake... Yeah, could you tell me how? Yes,
+
+456
+00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:00,900
+I want to explain. William Blake is a romantic
+
+457
+00:30:00,900 --> 00:30:04,640
+man, okay? He used the vocabulary of this... 
+
+458
+00:30:13,720 --> 00:30:19,320
+But what is more poetic than, you know, spears? 
+
+459
+00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:23,140
+Because it's part of the poetic diction. Yes, it's
+
+460
+00:30:23,140 --> 00:30:27,120
+part of the poetic diction. And, you know, we know
+
+461
+00:30:27,120 --> 00:30:31,260
+that, you know, this is, I think it is, you know,
+
+462
+00:30:31,380 --> 00:30:35,580
+written by using most of the, you know, poetic
+
+463
+00:30:35,580 --> 00:30:40,300
+devices used by the pre-Roman, by, you know, the
+
+464
+00:30:40,300 --> 00:30:42,840
+non-classicals. How about he's using both
+
+465
+00:30:42,840 --> 00:30:45,480
+dictions, he's using the aspiring, the emotional
+
+466
+00:30:45,480 --> 00:30:49,240
+words and he's also using the bad and you know 
+
+467
+00:30:49,240 --> 00:30:51,840
+hammer and all these to draw a comparison, which
+
+468
+00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:56,320
+one do you prefer? Do you prefer the imagination
+
+469
+00:30:56,320 --> 00:30:59,500
+and the you know the beautiful beautified?
+
+470
+00:31:04,310 --> 00:31:07,410
+Plague said when the stars threw down their
+
+471
+00:31:07,410 --> 00:31:11,430
+spears. I think in this stanza, he's referring to 
+
+472
+00:31:11,430 --> 00:31:15,170
+Milton's Paradise Lost because when Satan rebuilt
+
+473
+00:31:15,170 --> 00:31:18,090
+against God, he took his angels and he were in 
+
+474
+00:31:18,090 --> 00:31:21,510
+battle in heaven. And then when the angels beat 
+
+475
+00:31:21,510 --> 00:31:25,050
+Satan and his angels, they were extended to hell
+
+476
+00:31:25,050 --> 00:31:28,550
+and when and did he smile his work to see like it
+
+477
+00:31:28,550 --> 00:31:33,510
+reflect when God smiles about the angels that were
+
+478
+00:31:33,510 --> 00:31:37,990
+defeated when they sins against him and this also
+
+479
+00:31:37,990 --> 00:31:41,530
+about men can be applied about mankind when a
+
+480
+00:31:41,530 --> 00:31:44,270
+mankind like when a man is sins against God he 
+
+481
+00:31:44,270 --> 00:31:48,110
+will be in heaven and did I agree, I agree, but
+
+482
+00:31:48,110 --> 00:31:51,390
+whoever said that Satan is necessarily the
+
+483
+00:31:51,390 --> 00:31:54,050
+industrial revolution. No, it's not that. Satan
+
+484
+00:31:54,050 --> 00:31:58,250
+can be the bad party. Satan can be the evil. Yeah.
+
+485
+00:31:58,410 --> 00:32:01,530
+The evil and that side of industrial revolution.
+
+486
+00:32:01,590 --> 00:32:03,930
+Imagination devoid. Okay, we need somebody to
+
+487
+00:32:03,930 --> 00:32:05,130
+reconcile between us.
+
+488
+00:32:10,630 --> 00:32:14,490
+And you said spears, like in Milton's Paradise
+
+489
+00:32:14,490 --> 00:32:19,390
+Lost, angels used spears to beat other angels and
+
+490
+00:32:19,390 --> 00:32:22,070
+with their tears they were crying for their 
+
+491
+00:32:22,070 --> 00:32:25,430
+brothers who disappointed God and were punished by 
+
+492
+00:32:25,430 --> 00:32:28,580
+Him to be in hell. Like it's all referring to the
+
+493
+00:32:28,580 --> 00:32:32,900
+evil side of the poetic. Yeah, the evil side of 
+
+494
+00:32:32,900 --> 00:32:37,680
+not having imagination in your poetry, of removing
+
+495
+00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:40,640
+all kinds of imagination. And who cries, and why
+
+496
+00:32:40,640 --> 00:32:44,260
+spears, who smiles. Like you said, it's a
+
+497
+00:32:44,260 --> 00:32:46,360
+metaphoric thing to refer to the mind. It's not
+
+498
+00:32:46,360 --> 00:32:48,980
+metaphysical to have a very metaphorical thing.
+
+499
+00:32:54,710 --> 00:32:57,170
+Yeah, how the romantic poetry changed the life of
+
+500
+00:32:57,170 --> 00:32:59,470
+him. I'll tell you, like, the entire... Now, give
+
+501
+00:32:59,470 --> 00:33:02,530
+me one positive thing about how the romantic, you 
+
+502
+00:33:02,530 --> 00:33:05,710
+know, or how the romantic imagination changed, you
+
+503
+00:33:05,710 --> 00:33:07,590
+know, the face of England. Yeah, it did. I think, 
+
+504
+00:33:07,670 --> 00:33:09,970
+you know, this is, you know, a fallacy because 
+
+505
+00:33:09,970 --> 00:33:13,350
+even the Romantic period was anti-romantic, you 
+
+506
+00:33:13,350 --> 00:33:16,190
+know, more abuse of children, more abuse of women. 
+
+507
+00:33:16,710 --> 00:33:20,170
+So, yeah, there was like imagination, like they 
+
+508
+00:33:20,170 --> 00:33:23,900
+talk about like man's free will, but Give me just
+
+509
+00:33:23,900 --> 00:33:26,340
+one thing to indicate, you know, that the romantic
+
+510
+00:33:26,340 --> 00:33:29,760
+imagination transfigured or changed the life of 
+
+511
+00:33:29,760 --> 00:33:31,640
+the English people to the rest. Of course it 
+
+512
+00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:33,920
+changed and it was significant. If it weren't, we
+
+513
+00:33:33,920 --> 00:33:36,460
+wouldn't be studying it right now. And we wouldn't
+
+514
+00:33:36,460 --> 00:33:38,320
+have studied UClassical. And it changed the entire
+
+515
+00:33:38,320 --> 00:33:40,460
+era of romanticism. I think you should agree with 
+
+516
+00:33:40,460 --> 00:33:44,200
+us that the Romantic Age was anti-romantic. And
+
+517
+00:33:44,200 --> 00:33:47,340
+this like, you know, I think Ms. Ahlam wants to 
+
+518
+00:33:47,340 --> 00:33:50,280
+share with me that, you know, the Romantic Age was
+
+519
+00:33:50,280 --> 00:33:52,000
+not romantic. And this is the great paradox 
+
+520
+00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:54,190
+itself. It was not romantic. But then they were
+
+521
+00:33:54,190 --> 00:33:57,170
+speaking about it because they liked it in their 
+
+522
+00:33:57,170 --> 00:33:59,670
+real life. So they wanted to voice it out. Yeah, 
+
+523
+00:33:59,810 --> 00:34:02,250
+but like, okay, here, if we are talking about
+
+524
+00:34:02,250 --> 00:34:05,130
+revolutions, like, you know, poetic revolutions,
+
+525
+00:34:05,770 --> 00:34:08,130
+yes, like, it is very devastating. But it wouldn't
+
+526
+00:34:08,130 --> 00:34:10,770
+be a revolution. He didn't publish his work at 
+
+527
+00:34:10,770 --> 00:34:13,090
+that time. If he published it, then it would be a 
+
+528
+00:34:13,090 --> 00:34:15,370
+revolution at the same time. But he, like...
+
+529
+00:34:15,370 --> 00:34:16,810
+Because it was dangerous. Tell me a poet who
+
+530
+00:34:16,810 --> 00:34:19,590
+published his work while he was... Exactly. Yeah,
+
+531
+00:34:19,610 --> 00:34:23,710
+most of the poets, like, privileged poets. Okay,
+
+532
+00:34:24,590 --> 00:34:27,470
+it seems like we have one question. They don't
+
+533
+00:34:27,470 --> 00:34:29,950
+know that those who raise questions, they gain
+
+534
+00:34:29,950 --> 00:34:34,350
+marks. You see, if you, so I'm adding one mark to 
+
+535
+00:34:34,350 --> 00:34:37,330
+Rana and I'm adding one mark to who? Like, yes, 
+
+536
+00:34:37,390 --> 00:34:39,970
+they are gaining two marks. So you don't know. I,
+
+537
+00:34:40,130 --> 00:34:44,530
+I was, okay. You support or you support either
+
+538
+00:34:44,530 --> 00:34:48,510
+team. You are gaining more credit. Yes. Still,
+
+539
+00:34:48,830 --> 00:34:52,430
+like the auction is available. The auction is
+
+540
+00:34:52,430 --> 00:34:57,190
+available. Yes. Who? Now she's done guess, she's
+
+541
+00:34:57,190 --> 00:34:59,470
+taking the course. It might be from the other 
+
+542
+00:34:59,470 --> 00:35:05,510
+class. Maybe he hit two birds with one stone.
+
+543
+00:35:06,010 --> 00:35:10,090
+Maybe he meant by tiger as that of the previous 
+
+544
+00:35:10,090 --> 00:35:17,070
+nation's era of poets. Or maybe he is talking
+
+545
+00:35:17,070 --> 00:35:20,350
+about the industrial revolution. According to 
+
+546
+00:35:20,350 --> 00:35:25,530
+these words, it's really... Yeah, but you have 
+
+547
+00:35:25,530 --> 00:35:27,790
+like, when you are answering in the exam, you have
+
+548
+00:35:27,790 --> 00:35:33,990
+to commit yourself to one. Okay. Yes? I think he
+
+549
+00:35:33,990 --> 00:35:36,150
+talks about the industrial revolution. The first 
+
+550
+00:35:36,150 --> 00:35:40,860
+standard of the last standard, I want to explain 
+
+551
+00:35:40,860 --> 00:35:44,140
+this class itself. Perlin tried to set about a
+
+552
+00:35:44,140 --> 00:35:47,300
+machinery that burns coal to make new products,
+
+553
+00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:51,140
+which saves time and effort. The force of these 
+
+554
+00:35:51,140 --> 00:35:56,280
+machines worked all day without stopping. And what
+
+555
+00:35:56,280 --> 00:35:59,180
+immortal Hector and I refer to the inventors,
+
+556
+00:35:59,680 --> 00:36:02,980
+their names are still mentioned until today. So
+
+557
+00:36:02,980 --> 00:36:06,020
+their names are immortal. Their frame is a triple
+
+558
+00:36:06,020 --> 00:36:10,530
+symmetry. This side of industrial revolution have
+
+559
+00:36:10,530 --> 00:36:13,050
+a good side and bad side. The good side with the
+
+560
+00:36:13,050 --> 00:36:17,370
+new products, saving efforts, money, time. And the
+
+561
+00:36:17,370 --> 00:36:23,020
+dark side with the corruption Thank you, thank you 
+
+562
+00:36:23,020 --> 00:36:25,940
+for supporting. Anybody wants to support the other 
+
+563
+00:36:25,940 --> 00:36:29,460
+team? Like I think Ola is supporting them. Yeah, I 
+
+564
+00:36:29,460 --> 00:36:32,900
+just want to say that Instagram just initiated the
+
+565
+00:36:32,900 --> 00:36:35,300
+reconciliation from the bargaining team when she 
+
+566
+00:36:35,300 --> 00:36:38,640
+said that this forum is about revolution, whatever
+
+567
+00:36:38,640 --> 00:36:43,200
+that revolution is against the industrial
+
+568
+00:36:43,200 --> 00:36:48,790
+revolution or against the Yeah, but here we are 
+
+569
+00:36:48,790 --> 00:36:51,490
+debating, you know, we are debating. We don't want
+
+570
+00:36:51,490 --> 00:36:54,670
+to reconcile. I think, you know, she's giving us 
+
+571
+00:36:54,670 --> 00:36:57,670
+credit when she reconciled, you know, because she 
+
+572
+00:36:57,670 --> 00:37:00,090
+is giving us credit. And, you know, I was very
+
+573
+00:37:00,090 --> 00:37:01,650
+happy when she started doing that, you know,
+
+574
+00:37:01,690 --> 00:37:04,190
+because she was giving us credit right from the
+
+575
+00:37:04,190 --> 00:37:08,420
+very beginning. Okay, I know. Thank you very much. 
+
+576
+00:37:08,820 --> 00:37:12,960
+It's been a very interesting debate. Yes, you can
+
+577
+00:37:12,960 --> 00:37:17,700
+add something. I want to say that William Blake 
+
+578
+00:37:17,700 --> 00:37:21,220
+was known for being so influenced by a traditional
+
+579
+00:37:21,220 --> 00:37:24,820
+theme, which is Greek gods. And we can see that 
+
+580
+00:37:24,820 --> 00:37:27,820
+in, for example, the hammer and the chain. 
+
+581
+00:37:28,060 --> 00:37:30,120
+Actually, it kind of refers to a Greek god. It's
+
+582
+00:37:30,120 --> 00:37:33,940
+called Hippothos, I think. It was a blacksmith god 
+
+583
+00:37:33,940 --> 00:37:39,020
+who was making weapons for other gods. And they 
+
+584
+00:37:39,020 --> 00:37:41,640
+were disdaining him for his ugliness. And then, 
+
+585
+00:37:41,900 --> 00:37:44,700
+also, who sees fire. It can also refer to 
+
+586
+00:37:44,700 --> 00:37:48,190
+Prometheus' pound. when he sees fire to mankind 
+
+587
+00:37:48,190 --> 00:37:51,870
+again is the will of Zeus. Also with the wings, it
+
+588
+00:37:51,870 --> 00:37:54,850
+can be refers to, I think, Achilles or something.
+
+589
+00:37:55,270 --> 00:37:56,570
+Well, this can actually be used against you
+
+590
+00:37:56,570 --> 00:38:00,910
+because it's classical time. That's all they 
+
+591
+00:38:00,910 --> 00:38:04,290
+focused about. Maybe he's trying to use this to 
+
+592
+00:38:04,290 --> 00:38:06,990
+actually attack them because most of their poetry
+
+593
+00:38:06,990 --> 00:38:12,230
+use a lot of these. No, but he's sticking to a 
+
+594
+00:38:12,230 --> 00:38:15,490
+very traditional theme. Use the Greek mythology. 
+
+595
+00:38:16,080 --> 00:38:19,400
+I'm logging a dead horse, in fact, you know? Okay, 
+
+596
+00:38:19,480 --> 00:38:24,720
+guys, I want to finish this wonderful debate, but 
+
+597
+00:38:24,720 --> 00:38:27,100
+again, thank you very much for listening, and I 
+
+598
+00:38:27,100 --> 00:38:33,200
+want to tell you, me and Ahlam embrace the notion
+
+599
+00:38:33,200 --> 00:38:37,720
+that this is about poetic imagination. Okay, and
+
+600
+00:38:37,720 --> 00:38:42,000
+as I told you, you know, I am the one, but I don't
+
+601
+00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:46,160
+mind if you want like to take that, you know, to
+
+602
+00:38:46,160 --> 00:38:49,480
+that extreme because it might be about, but like,
+
+603
+00:38:49,880 --> 00:38:52,860
+yes, me and Ms. Ahlam and we play this track, you
+
+604
+00:38:52,860 --> 00:38:56,360
+know, we think, but some other people, strongly
+
+605
+00:38:56,360 --> 00:38:59,760
+think it is about industrial revolution, and we
+
+606
+00:38:59,760 --> 00:39:04,000
+don't mind, just like giving us the evidence. He 
+
+607
+00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:08,220
+means industrial revolution in a direct way, but
+
+608
+00:39:08,220 --> 00:39:11,830
+about Gothic imagination in a direct way. Okay,
+
+609
+00:39:12,330 --> 00:39:16,450
+yeah, so it is figurative and literal, but again,
+
+610
+00:39:16,730 --> 00:39:20,790
+I think the BBC interpretation, like a couple of
+
+611
+00:39:20,790 --> 00:39:23,170
+years ago, I brought this, BBC, do you remember
+
+612
+00:39:23,170 --> 00:39:27,030
+when I brought the BBC interpretation? And most of
+
+613
+00:39:27,030 --> 00:39:30,310
+the critics asserted that it was about industrial
+
+614
+00:39:30,310 --> 00:39:34,330
+revolution, which I didn't like, and I tried to 
+
+615
+00:39:34,330 --> 00:39:36,750
+bring interpretation which was quite different. 
+
+616
+00:39:37,450 --> 00:39:40,530
+Yes, the last? As a student in the exam, can we
+
+617
+00:39:40,530 --> 00:39:46,350
+depend Yeah, of course you can choose either of 
+
+618
+00:39:46,350 --> 00:39:50,290
+them, but like again, you have to go and to bring 
+
+619
+00:39:50,290 --> 00:39:53,310
+evidence to substantiate whatever you want to say.
+
+620
+00:39:53,650 --> 00:39:56,330
+Thank you very much for listening. Thank you. And 
+
+621
+00:39:56,330 --> 00:39:59,590
+clap for this team. And clap for the other team.
+
+622
+00:39:59,930 --> 00:40:01,070
+Thank you very much. Bye bye.

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/Sxd_pCC6h9o_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1588 @@
+1
+00:00:13,540 --> 00:00:16,980
+How are you today? Good.
+
+2
+00:00:19,780 --> 00:00:25,340
+Why is it hot back there? Is it hot? So I don't
+
+3
+00:00:25,340 --> 00:00:33,040
+know like should we open the The doors. Khaled, it
+
+4
+00:00:33,040 --> 00:00:33,920
+is very hot here.
+
+5
+00:00:38,120 --> 00:00:42,660
+Right. So as I said, we are going to complete
+
+6
+00:00:42,660 --> 00:00:49,040
+discussing Better My Heart. And after that, to
+
+7
+00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:52,140
+talk a little bit about the midterm exam.
+
+8
+00:00:55,020 --> 00:01:02,030
+Before talking, for approaching the poem again. As
+
+9
+00:01:02,030 --> 00:01:07,770
+it is the case, we have to listen to one or two
+
+10
+00:01:07,770 --> 00:01:08,230
+reports.
+
+11
+00:01:11,670 --> 00:01:12,730
+Yes, please.
+
+12
+00:01:20,490 --> 00:01:25,550
+Just come here. Black stuff. It doesn't matter who
+
+13
+00:01:25,550 --> 00:01:29,090
+you are or what you do. We all have to face many
+
+14
+00:01:29,090 --> 00:01:32,770
+difficulties and stressful situations. Life can
+
+15
+00:01:32,770 --> 00:01:35,730
+leave us feeling stressed, worried, worried,
+
+16
+00:01:36,250 --> 00:01:40,150
+angry, confused and frustrated. The way we feel
+
+17
+00:01:40,150 --> 00:01:43,410
+affects everything in our life. When we feel bad,
+
+18
+00:01:43,610 --> 00:01:47,570
+everything seems worse than it is. Till now, this
+
+19
+00:01:47,570 --> 00:01:52,050
+is around 24 report, the time has passed too fast
+
+20
+00:01:52,050 --> 00:01:56,980
+and our exam will be in the next Thursday. And as
+
+21
+00:01:56,980 --> 00:01:59,680
+usual, Dr. Habib started to ask us about our
+
+22
+00:01:59,680 --> 00:02:03,200
+reports, and some students read these creative
+
+23
+00:02:03,200 --> 00:02:09,640
+reports. And after that, he asked about responses.
+
+24
+00:02:10,360 --> 00:02:13,200
+Then the students started to read their creative
+
+25
+00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:16,800
+responses. Thank you. OK. Thank you. You have,
+
+26
+00:02:17,020 --> 00:02:20,060
+like, when you listed some abstract nouns, you say
+
+27
+00:02:20,060 --> 00:02:22,740
+angry. It should be anger. It should be confusion.
+
+28
+00:02:23,460 --> 00:02:26,600
+I think this is what I observed. when you listed
+
+29
+00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:27,860
+some abstract nouns.
+
+30
+00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:34,520
+Yes, do you want to redeem yourself?
+
+31
+00:02:45,300 --> 00:02:47,280
+Good morning.
+
+32
+00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:52,120
+I don't know if you heard about the freedom
+
+33
+00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:54,620
+riders. There is something happening currently in
+
+34
+00:02:54,620 --> 00:02:58,300
+Jerusalem. In Jerusalem there are many roads that
+
+35
+00:02:58,300 --> 00:03:01,660
+Israelis forbid Palestinians to go through. So
+
+36
+00:03:01,660 --> 00:03:04,500
+there are a few international solidarity figures,
+
+37
+00:03:04,760 --> 00:03:07,750
+people that are coming in order to make a
+
+38
+00:03:07,750 --> 00:03:09,470
+statement. They called themselves the freedom
+
+39
+00:03:09,470 --> 00:03:13,450
+riders in order to draw a parallel between them or
+
+40
+00:03:13,450 --> 00:03:16,490
+the Israeli apartheid system with what happened
+
+41
+00:03:16,490 --> 00:03:19,310
+with the black Americans in the 60s because the
+
+42
+00:03:19,310 --> 00:03:21,670
+black Americans used to be segregated on buses.
+
+43
+00:03:22,020 --> 00:03:23,940
+And they called themselves once the Freedom
+
+44
+00:03:23,940 --> 00:03:26,020
+Riders, and they made a statement that, you know,
+
+45
+00:03:26,400 --> 00:03:29,720
+there should be equality between people. So now
+
+46
+00:03:29,720 --> 00:03:32,140
+they're doing something similar. They're going to
+
+47
+00:03:32,140 --> 00:03:35,560
+be boarding Israeli buses on roads today and
+
+48
+00:03:35,560 --> 00:03:38,600
+tomorrow. So I wanted to write something about
+
+49
+00:03:38,600 --> 00:03:43,790
+this, sort of. Okay. Okay. Better than apartheid
+
+50
+00:03:43,790 --> 00:03:46,830
+system, freedom riders on it we go. From the
+
+51
+00:03:46,830 --> 00:03:49,410
+blacks in the sixties to Palestinian Jerusalem,
+
+52
+00:03:49,790 --> 00:03:53,090
+peacefully we'll force, break and blow. They're
+
+53
+00:03:53,090 --> 00:03:56,170
+disguised racist terrorism. Only Israelis in those
+
+54
+00:03:56,170 --> 00:03:58,670
+buses and roads they say, but our international
+
+55
+00:03:58,670 --> 00:04:03,070
+freedom soldiers with us that blatant apartheid
+
+56
+00:04:03,070 --> 00:04:06,310
+they refuse. Imprison me all you like, but in our
+
+57
+00:04:06,310 --> 00:04:09,660
+land rights and hearts will always be free. Thank
+
+58
+00:04:09,660 --> 00:04:13,180
+you. I think you made use of the... Yeah, clap for
+
+59
+00:04:13,180 --> 00:04:19,940
+her. It's good to make use of the poem in encoding
+
+60
+00:04:19,940 --> 00:04:24,600
+your experience and your, you know, respect for
+
+61
+00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:27,120
+those who came in solidarity with the
+
+62
+00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:27,520
+Palestinians.
+
+63
+00:04:30,180 --> 00:04:32,540
+But last time, I think most of you enjoyed
+
+64
+00:04:32,540 --> 00:04:34,800
+discussing the poem, even though it was difficult.
+
+65
+00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:40,890
+Did you or you didn't? Was it easy or difficult?
+
+66
+00:04:41,850 --> 00:04:47,710
+We agreed, but you enjoyed the width of the
+
+67
+00:04:47,710 --> 00:04:53,690
+paradoxes, the width of the conceit, or of the
+
+68
+00:04:53,690 --> 00:05:00,750
+conceits. And I think let us make
+
+69
+00:05:00,750 --> 00:05:03,390
+a quick revision about what we did last time. I
+
+70
+00:05:03,390 --> 00:05:07,810
+think last time we looked at the main paradoxes in
+
+71
+00:05:07,810 --> 00:05:15,740
+the poem, And we listed them like this, batter my
+
+72
+00:05:15,740 --> 00:05:21,400
+heart in order to mend it. So this is seemingly it
+
+73
+00:05:21,400 --> 00:05:26,860
+is contradictory. However, when we think of a
+
+74
+00:05:26,860 --> 00:05:29,460
+guilty person supplicating
+
+75
+00:05:31,660 --> 00:05:35,480
+or supplicating God for redemption, for
+
+76
+00:05:35,480 --> 00:05:39,960
+forgiveness. We understand like this, or we
+
+77
+00:05:39,960 --> 00:05:42,800
+understand that this could be something acceptable
+
+78
+00:05:42,800 --> 00:05:43,480
+or rational.
+
+79
+00:05:46,420 --> 00:05:53,320
+Knock me down also, that I may rise, overthrow me,
+
+80
+00:05:53,640 --> 00:05:59,200
+knock me down. This is a call, or this is again, a
+
+81
+00:05:59,200 --> 00:06:02,200
+prayer for inflection. You know what's mean
+
+82
+00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:07,600
+inflection? It is sometimes some people ask God to
+
+83
+00:06:07,600 --> 00:06:14,480
+inflict them. To, in order like, yeah, to make,
+
+84
+00:06:14,660 --> 00:06:17,740
+yeah, to be closer to God, to test their belief,
+
+85
+00:06:18,340 --> 00:06:21,800
+to show how they are faithful, it happens.
+
+86
+00:06:22,880 --> 00:06:28,040
+Inflection, you know, I was reading or we were
+
+87
+00:06:28,040 --> 00:06:31,700
+teaching a text in American Lit, the narrative of
+
+88
+00:06:31,700 --> 00:06:36,980
+Mary Rollinson. And she suffered when she was
+
+89
+00:06:36,980 --> 00:06:41,600
+taken captive, according to her. And at the end of
+
+90
+00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:44,280
+the narrative, she was, I like this is what I
+
+91
+00:06:44,280 --> 00:06:48,370
+looked for inflection. Affliction, like suffering,
+
+92
+00:06:49,370 --> 00:06:54,090
+disasters, catastrophes, because she thought that
+
+93
+00:06:54,090 --> 00:06:58,590
+affliction made her close to her creator, that
+
+94
+00:06:58,590 --> 00:07:03,110
+affliction made her very repentant and, you know,
+
+95
+00:07:04,390 --> 00:07:06,570
+yeah, like to redeem herself.
+
+96
+00:07:09,750 --> 00:07:13,610
+Again, we saw the paradox in imprison me to make
+
+97
+00:07:13,610 --> 00:07:17,660
+me free, and we explicated it. How come, like,
+
+98
+00:07:17,740 --> 00:07:25,260
+imprisonment can be freedom? Also, the paradox is,
+
+99
+00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:30,120
+like, enthrall me, never chase except you ravage
+
+100
+00:07:30,120 --> 00:07:35,680
+me, and we criticize this because this is
+
+101
+00:07:35,680 --> 00:07:43,020
+something, you know, impolite. It's not, like,
+
+102
+00:07:43,080 --> 00:07:49,540
+expected. to be in a text like this. We also
+
+103
+00:07:49,540 --> 00:07:54,620
+talked about the conceit, the conceit in, I like a
+
+104
+00:07:54,620 --> 00:08:01,180
+usurped town. How come? This is very
+
+105
+00:08:01,180 --> 00:08:08,160
+contradictory. Now, it's a simile as you see, but
+
+106
+00:08:08,160 --> 00:08:14,490
+there is no similarity. between the vehicle and
+
+107
+00:08:14,490 --> 00:08:21,630
+the tenor. They're not similar. The conceit, you
+
+108
+00:08:21,630 --> 00:08:25,230
+might have read, if you have read in your reader,
+
+109
+00:08:25,930 --> 00:08:32,490
+the conceit is a striking parallelism between two
+
+110
+00:08:32,490 --> 00:08:36,490
+dissimilar things. So what are the two dissimilar
+
+111
+00:08:36,490 --> 00:08:43,130
+things here? As you see, we have I, and the town,
+
+112
+00:08:44,190 --> 00:08:50,130
+and the usurped town. As we said, like I, the
+
+113
+00:08:50,130 --> 00:08:56,610
+guilty person, is occupied by Satan, exactly like
+
+114
+00:08:56,610 --> 00:09:02,270
+a city which is usurped by an occupier. So this is
+
+115
+00:09:02,270 --> 00:09:07,670
+like the conceit. And this conceit runs through
+
+116
+00:09:07,670 --> 00:09:15,840
+the poem, but It assumes different shape. Like
+
+117
+00:09:15,840 --> 00:09:21,880
+later this conceit, it assumes the image of two
+
+118
+00:09:21,880 --> 00:09:30,160
+couple being like drawn together in unholy
+
+119
+00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:36,020
+marriage bond. That's why he was asking, divorce
+
+120
+00:09:36,020 --> 00:09:41,650
+me. So it is like a sustained metaphor. Like when
+
+121
+00:09:41,650 --> 00:09:46,290
+we understand its aptness, we start to say, my
+
+122
+00:09:46,290 --> 00:09:53,370
+God, it is very witty, very witty. And we said
+
+123
+00:09:53,370 --> 00:09:56,150
+there is another conceit. What is the other
+
+124
+00:09:56,150 --> 00:09:56,690
+conceit?
+
+125
+00:10:01,910 --> 00:10:05,170
+Yes? Yes.
+
+126
+00:10:08,160 --> 00:10:13,900
+But it's captive. What is captive? The soul. The
+
+127
+00:10:13,900 --> 00:10:20,100
+soul is like a captive person. Where is it
+
+128
+00:10:20,100 --> 00:10:28,260
+captive? In the body. So how is the soul given
+
+129
+00:10:28,260 --> 00:10:34,060
+freedom? If here God knocks him down, imprisons
+
+130
+00:10:34,060 --> 00:10:37,540
+him, or makes him dead, then he will be free
+
+131
+00:10:37,540 --> 00:10:41,320
+again. It is very intellectual. Okay.
+
+132
+00:10:44,220 --> 00:10:50,080
+And the last couplet, this is, as you see, it is a
+
+133
+00:10:50,080 --> 00:10:54,600
+sonnet. It is written in a sonnet form. Now,
+
+134
+00:10:57,820 --> 00:11:03,580
+I think after explicating these paradoxes and the
+
+135
+00:11:03,580 --> 00:11:08,300
+similes, the conceits, it becomes easy.
+
+136
+00:11:11,100 --> 00:11:14,960
+Let's see now, after reading this, what is the
+
+137
+00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:18,240
+theme of this poem? What is the theme of this
+
+138
+00:11:18,240 --> 00:11:21,340
+poem? What is the theme of this poem? What is the
+
+139
+00:11:21,340 --> 00:11:25,240
+possible theme of this poem? It could be about
+
+140
+00:11:25,240 --> 00:11:25,560
+what?
+
+141
+00:11:33,660 --> 00:11:39,980
+Christian impasse? Why? I like this, Christian
+
+142
+00:11:39,980 --> 00:11:40,560
+impasse.
+
+143
+00:11:44,720 --> 00:11:51,140
+Impact. Now I thought impasse. What do you mean by
+
+144
+00:11:51,140 --> 00:11:51,740
+Christian impact?
+
+145
+00:11:58,280 --> 00:12:01,840
+Yeah, but like if you say it is Christian impact,
+
+146
+00:12:02,020 --> 00:12:04,800
+this is very general, like what are you talking
+
+147
+00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:10,660
+about? So here it is the need for redemption. What
+
+148
+00:12:10,660 --> 00:12:11,760
+does mean the need for redemption?
+
+149
+00:12:17,900 --> 00:12:20,900
+Is it only a need for redemption because you say
+
+150
+00:12:20,900 --> 00:12:23,420
+it is a need for redemption? What does mean a need
+
+151
+00:12:23,420 --> 00:12:29,140
+for redemption? Yes, like I want you to explain
+
+152
+00:12:29,140 --> 00:12:31,820
+the words. I don't want you to throw words without
+
+153
+00:12:31,820 --> 00:12:36,680
+explaining them. So yes, it is about the need, but
+
+154
+00:12:36,680 --> 00:12:44,160
+the strong need for redemption. Why? How? Yes?
+
+155
+00:12:46,680 --> 00:12:51,340
+Yes, he
+
+156
+00:12:51,340 --> 00:12:56,180
+feels guilty. He feels guilty. And when somebody
+
+157
+00:12:56,180 --> 00:13:02,140
+feels guilty, the need for redemption, this is for
+
+158
+00:13:02,140 --> 00:13:06,400
+good people, emerges. And this need is very
+
+159
+00:13:06,400 --> 00:13:11,160
+compelling need. It is very strong need. It is
+
+160
+00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:17,480
+very strong because he feels he is like too much
+
+161
+00:13:17,480 --> 00:13:19,020
+guilty, too much sinful.
+
+162
+00:13:22,040 --> 00:13:27,600
+And I think If you look at the tone of the poem,
+
+163
+00:13:29,180 --> 00:13:35,900
+like you see how the verbs, like the music, the
+
+164
+00:13:35,900 --> 00:13:43,360
+strong words, you feel like, I mean, his appeal,
+
+165
+00:13:43,500 --> 00:13:45,560
+his supplication, which is very strong, is
+
+166
+00:13:45,560 --> 00:13:49,680
+justified because he feels like he's too much a
+
+167
+00:13:49,680 --> 00:13:50,300
+sinful man.
+
+168
+00:13:53,070 --> 00:13:56,830
+I want to go back to the poem and, you know, to
+
+169
+00:13:56,830 --> 00:14:00,590
+look at it, better my heart, three-person God.
+
+170
+00:14:02,670 --> 00:14:07,590
+Now, this, I mean, the verb, like if you look at
+
+171
+00:14:07,590 --> 00:14:08,630
+the verb, it is imperative.
+
+172
+00:14:11,410 --> 00:14:15,270
+But here, as you see, better my heart, it is a
+
+173
+00:14:15,270 --> 00:14:22,090
+kind of supplication. It's a kind of prayer. But
+
+174
+00:14:22,090 --> 00:14:29,590
+we don't expect, we don't expect a poet to address
+
+175
+00:14:29,590 --> 00:14:35,530
+God in this way. See? But this is exactly a
+
+176
+00:14:35,530 --> 00:14:39,070
+metaphysical characteristic. Like when they talk
+
+177
+00:14:39,070 --> 00:14:45,150
+to God, they talk in a very casual and informal
+
+178
+00:14:45,150 --> 00:14:49,880
+manner. In prison, Better my heart, three-person
+
+179
+00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:54,480
+God. For you, like three-person, we talk about
+
+180
+00:14:54,480 --> 00:14:58,780
+this is something central to the Christian creed.
+
+181
+00:14:59,700 --> 00:15:02,180
+You know, like they believed in the Trinity, so
+
+182
+00:15:02,180 --> 00:15:06,040
+this is a reference to the Trinity itself. And
+
+183
+00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:13,060
+look at the number three, the treble blow is there
+
+184
+00:15:13,060 --> 00:15:18,590
+all over the pole. Like Trinity. So if you look at
+
+185
+00:15:18,590 --> 00:15:21,830
+the patterns of three, you might find them in one.
+
+186
+00:15:23,310 --> 00:15:30,030
+Rise, stand, overthrow. Break, blow, burn. You
+
+187
+00:15:30,030 --> 00:15:33,950
+see? So it is like three, three, three. You know?
+
+188
+00:15:34,270 --> 00:15:39,930
+So the pattern of Trinity is being referred to in
+
+189
+00:15:39,930 --> 00:15:42,970
+the poem as a whole. It's very tricky.
+
+190
+00:15:46,450 --> 00:15:50,390
+as yet, but not breathe, shine and seek to mend.
+
+191
+00:15:52,510 --> 00:15:57,650
+Look here, we said it is a strong need. It is a
+
+192
+00:15:57,650 --> 00:16:01,690
+strong need. Why? Because if you look here, he's
+
+193
+00:16:01,690 --> 00:16:09,390
+asking God to violently shatter his heart,
+
+194
+00:16:09,950 --> 00:16:16,170
+violently destroy him. And we said, if you are
+
+195
+00:16:16,170 --> 00:16:19,430
+asking, if you are seeking for such violent
+
+196
+00:16:19,430 --> 00:16:24,890
+action, it means that the sin is deeply rooted in
+
+197
+00:16:24,890 --> 00:16:27,690
+you. And this is what is happening in the poet.
+
+198
+00:16:28,990 --> 00:16:34,690
+This has to do with the Catholic belief of the
+
+199
+00:16:34,690 --> 00:16:38,010
+poet. And it is very strange because John Donne,
+
+200
+00:16:38,590 --> 00:16:43,530
+as we said, was forced to convert, to switch
+
+201
+00:16:46,200 --> 00:16:50,560
+to Protestantism, but he remained faithful to his
+
+202
+00:16:50,560 --> 00:16:55,760
+creed. He remained faithful. He remained loyal to
+
+203
+00:16:55,760 --> 00:17:00,660
+his creed. And this poem here, as you see, he's
+
+204
+00:17:00,660 --> 00:17:04,340
+not like, what is the way of salvation to him?
+
+205
+00:17:04,460 --> 00:17:07,740
+What is the way of salvation? As we said, for a
+
+206
+00:17:07,740 --> 00:17:13,800
+Protestant, the way of salvation is just good
+
+207
+00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:16,990
+deeds. You have to be nice. You have to be good.
+
+208
+00:17:17,290 --> 00:17:21,050
+You have to be... It is like in Protestantism,
+
+209
+00:17:21,670 --> 00:17:26,030
+like free will is given space. But in Catholicism,
+
+210
+00:17:26,510 --> 00:17:31,090
+the only way of salvation is the body. It is, you
+
+211
+00:17:31,090 --> 00:17:35,570
+know, the way Jesus Christ, according, you know,
+
+212
+00:17:35,590 --> 00:17:39,150
+to them, saved all the people by his body, by
+
+213
+00:17:39,150 --> 00:17:42,250
+torturing, by being tortured on the cross. So
+
+214
+00:17:42,250 --> 00:17:44,650
+here, as a Catholic, and this is what is called
+
+215
+00:17:44,650 --> 00:17:48,790
+substantiation. It's like it is the body which
+
+216
+00:17:48,790 --> 00:17:51,170
+secures for you salvation.
+
+217
+00:17:54,250 --> 00:17:58,130
+That I may rise and stand, overthrow and bend.
+
+218
+00:17:59,030 --> 00:18:04,570
+Your force to break, blow, burn. Like, look here.
+
+219
+00:18:05,430 --> 00:18:08,550
+I mean, look at the alliteration. Your force,
+
+220
+00:18:09,070 --> 00:18:14,570
+boom, boom, to break, to blow, burn, and make me
+
+221
+00:18:14,570 --> 00:18:20,610
+new. This is like he wants to be new. What does he
+
+222
+00:18:20,610 --> 00:18:26,570
+mean by new? Yeah, a new person without sin. And
+
+223
+00:18:26,570 --> 00:18:30,570
+we said last time here the idea of original sin is
+
+224
+00:18:30,570 --> 00:18:34,100
+there in the background. So once he is burned,
+
+225
+00:18:34,300 --> 00:18:38,000
+once he is broken, he will be a new person.
+
+226
+00:18:41,960 --> 00:18:46,540
+I like an usurped town to another due. So there is
+
+227
+00:18:46,540 --> 00:18:50,540
+a conflict here. Do you see a conflict? What is
+
+228
+00:18:50,540 --> 00:18:55,360
+the conflict? Like, I like a usurped town to
+
+229
+00:18:55,360 --> 00:18:58,220
+another due. Labor to admit you but owe to no end.
+
+230
+00:18:58,900 --> 00:19:00,820
+Like, we have a conflict here. What is the
+
+231
+00:19:00,820 --> 00:19:03,470
+conflict? We have a running conflict.
+
+232
+00:19:07,790 --> 00:19:12,670
+Yes, it's possessing, it's stronger. So now here,
+
+233
+00:19:12,790 --> 00:19:18,130
+as he say, to another due and labor to admit you.
+
+234
+00:19:19,430 --> 00:19:23,630
+Labor, my deeds are directed to you, but it is in
+
+235
+00:19:23,630 --> 00:19:27,290
+vain. So the conflict is like he was trying to be
+
+236
+00:19:27,290 --> 00:19:33,090
+loyal you know, obedient to God, but Satan was
+
+237
+00:19:33,090 --> 00:19:36,250
+forbidding him all the time. And that was the
+
+238
+00:19:36,250 --> 00:19:42,070
+conflict. That's why he asked God to intervene in
+
+239
+00:19:42,070 --> 00:19:47,590
+order to release, free, emancipate him from life
+
+240
+00:19:47,590 --> 00:19:47,910
+Satan.
+
+241
+00:19:52,350 --> 00:19:58,730
+Reason your viceroy in me should defend Reason is
+
+242
+00:19:58,730 --> 00:20:05,710
+your viceroy. Here, we said it's a metaphor. And
+
+243
+00:20:05,710 --> 00:20:07,950
+we said the conceit starts by analogy.
+
+244
+00:20:10,690 --> 00:20:15,430
+Reason, which is like here, it's a metonymy of the
+
+245
+00:20:15,430 --> 00:20:22,550
+soul. It is the representative of God in man. It
+
+246
+00:20:22,550 --> 00:20:25,790
+is captive. It is captive in the human flower.
+
+247
+00:20:26,110 --> 00:20:30,450
+What is the human flower? The body itself. The
+
+248
+00:20:30,450 --> 00:20:33,950
+body, the human flower. This is like I'm just
+
+249
+00:20:33,950 --> 00:20:36,630
+talking about a poem for Andrew Marvell, I think.
+
+250
+00:20:36,770 --> 00:20:40,430
+No, for Henry Vaughan. It's like he was referring
+
+251
+00:20:40,430 --> 00:20:46,270
+to the human flower. Reason your viceroy in me
+
+252
+00:20:46,270 --> 00:20:51,950
+should defend, but is captive. and proves weak or
+
+253
+00:20:51,950 --> 00:20:54,790
+untrue. If you remember when we talked about the
+
+254
+00:20:54,790 --> 00:20:58,230
+characteristics of metaphysical poetry, we said
+
+255
+00:20:58,230 --> 00:21:02,850
+their poetry is argumentative. Like, look here, if
+
+256
+00:21:02,850 --> 00:21:06,710
+you look, but, you know, take, do this. It is like
+
+257
+00:21:06,710 --> 00:21:12,430
+argument. He's arguing. But is captive and proves
+
+258
+00:21:12,430 --> 00:21:18,870
+weak or untrue. Yet dearly, like, look here, but,
+
+259
+00:21:19,110 --> 00:21:25,670
+yet, These are signs of argumentation. It's very
+
+260
+00:21:25,670 --> 00:21:27,810
+important like when we are discussing a poem like
+
+261
+00:21:27,810 --> 00:21:31,370
+this, and this could be in the final exam, discuss
+
+262
+00:21:31,370 --> 00:21:35,850
+this poem with reference to it's metaphysical or
+
+263
+00:21:35,850 --> 00:21:38,910
+in the light of the metaphysical characteristics
+
+264
+00:21:38,910 --> 00:21:41,750
+of poetry or the characteristics of metaphysical
+
+265
+00:21:41,750 --> 00:21:46,310
+poetry. So you have to talk about the conceits,
+
+266
+00:21:46,410 --> 00:21:48,090
+you have to talk about the paradoxes, you have to
+
+267
+00:21:48,090 --> 00:21:50,830
+talk about the language, the argument, you have to
+
+268
+00:21:50,830 --> 00:21:54,670
+talk about the abrupt beginnings because when we
+
+269
+00:21:54,670 --> 00:22:00,990
+are talking about metaphysical poetry, when we
+
+270
+00:22:00,990 --> 00:22:04,710
+read the poem, We see that the poem starts in a
+
+271
+00:22:04,710 --> 00:22:06,870
+very surprising manner. Better my heart three
+
+272
+00:22:06,870 --> 00:22:09,450
+person God. This is very surprising. This is very
+
+273
+00:22:09,450 --> 00:22:13,830
+abrupt. It is unexpected from a poet to start
+
+274
+00:22:13,830 --> 00:22:17,350
+saying better my heart three person God. So this
+
+275
+00:22:17,350 --> 00:22:19,210
+is what we call abrupt beginning.
+
+276
+00:22:23,350 --> 00:22:29,270
+Yet dearly I love you and would be Loved, feign, I
+
+277
+00:22:29,270 --> 00:22:32,610
+mean vain, but I'm betrothed into your enemy. Look
+
+278
+00:22:32,610 --> 00:22:38,090
+here, it is the conceit itself, but it is assuming
+
+279
+00:22:38,090 --> 00:22:41,270
+another image. So we are moving imagery here.
+
+280
+00:22:42,970 --> 00:22:47,530
+Again, it is a little bit homely. It is a little
+
+281
+00:22:47,530 --> 00:22:53,440
+bit domestic. It is unusual of John Donne, who was
+
+282
+00:22:53,440 --> 00:22:57,860
+always referring in his images to emergent
+
+283
+00:22:57,860 --> 00:23:05,120
+sciences like astronomy, astrology, botany. Here,
+
+284
+00:23:05,480 --> 00:23:09,140
+he's talking about homely images.
+
+285
+00:23:12,140 --> 00:23:15,100
+I don't know why. It could be because the conflict
+
+286
+00:23:15,100 --> 00:23:18,420
+is too much. He's referring to himself as a
+
+287
+00:23:18,420 --> 00:23:24,410
+sinner. Yet dearly, I love you. Look here. This is
+
+288
+00:23:24,410 --> 00:23:27,190
+the casual manner. This is the informal manner we
+
+289
+00:23:27,190 --> 00:23:31,830
+talk about. This is how they talk to God. Yet
+
+290
+00:23:31,830 --> 00:23:34,990
+dearly, I love you and would be loved in vain, but
+
+291
+00:23:34,990 --> 00:23:39,450
+I'm betrothed into your enemy. Betrothed, engaged.
+
+292
+00:23:41,610 --> 00:23:46,580
+We're moving from the image of occupation to an
+
+293
+00:23:46,580 --> 00:23:52,340
+image of being married or engaged to Satan,
+
+294
+00:23:52,820 --> 00:23:57,580
+somebody, you know, a loathsome, a hateful person,
+
+295
+00:23:58,300 --> 00:24:02,780
+a person you cannot put up with. Imagine when you
+
+296
+00:24:02,780 --> 00:24:07,240
+are like brought, you know, in this relation with
+
+297
+00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:10,380
+a person you are not in love with, you just want,
+
+298
+00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:13,000
+divorce me, you know, I don't want this.
+
+299
+00:24:15,940 --> 00:24:24,040
+So be careful. Divorce me, untie, or break. Like
+
+300
+00:24:24,040 --> 00:24:28,080
+look here, the three, divorce me, untie, or break.
+
+301
+00:24:28,220 --> 00:24:31,240
+Look at the verbs. Three, three. You know, the
+
+302
+00:24:31,240 --> 00:24:33,360
+patterns of the three is repeated all over.
+
+303
+00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:39,420
+Divorce me, untie, or break that knot again.
+
+304
+00:24:40,040 --> 00:24:46,380
+Untie, or break. It's a simple language. Divorce,
+
+305
+00:24:46,700 --> 00:24:52,300
+anti, you know, but the idea is very subtle. You
+
+306
+00:24:52,300 --> 00:24:54,920
+know, it's been very subtle, very witty. Why?
+
+307
+00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:59,540
+Because it's a paradox. When you are asking God to
+
+308
+00:24:59,540 --> 00:25:03,400
+divorce you, it means like divorce here is seen as
+
+309
+00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:06,320
+something good because you are going to get rid of
+
+310
+00:25:07,460 --> 00:25:12,960
+You know, Satan. Divorce me, untie or break that
+
+311
+00:25:12,960 --> 00:25:19,060
+knot again. That knot again. Break it. Take me to
+
+312
+00:25:19,060 --> 00:25:25,480
+you. Imprison me. Yes. So now you understand what
+
+313
+00:25:25,480 --> 00:25:32,100
+is a paradox easily. Take me to you. Imprison me.
+
+314
+00:25:32,440 --> 00:25:39,060
+For I accept you. Enthrone me. never shall be
+
+315
+00:25:39,060 --> 00:25:46,940
+free, nor ever chaste, except you ravish me. Now,
+
+316
+00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:55,920
+the last line is irksome, disturbing. However, it
+
+317
+00:25:55,920 --> 00:26:00,140
+should be understood within the Christian context
+
+318
+00:26:00,140 --> 00:26:08,280
+of divinity like Mary and Jesus, how Jesus came
+
+319
+00:26:08,280 --> 00:26:15,060
+when God blew his spirit in Mary. So here, this
+
+320
+00:26:15,060 --> 00:26:20,240
+ravishing is seen as an act of chastity because
+
+321
+00:26:20,240 --> 00:26:27,130
+Mary was made chaste when God blew his spirit in
+
+322
+00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:31,950
+her. She was, and even in Quran, she was a chaste
+
+323
+00:26:31,950 --> 00:26:36,870
+woman, a purified woman. But like he's using it,
+
+324
+00:26:36,950 --> 00:26:42,610
+and this is like, again, a characteristic of the
+
+325
+00:26:42,610 --> 00:26:44,650
+Medieval Skalp poetry in general, and a
+
+326
+00:26:44,650 --> 00:26:48,190
+characteristic of John Donne in particular. They
+
+327
+00:26:48,190 --> 00:26:53,550
+were using erotic images. These are erotic images.
+
+328
+00:26:53,650 --> 00:26:55,290
+When I say erotic, you know,
+
+329
+00:27:01,900 --> 00:27:04,940
+They have to do with obscene images.
+
+330
+00:27:07,840 --> 00:27:14,980
+Now, the form of the poem, what is the form of the
+
+331
+00:27:14,980 --> 00:27:20,560
+poem? It is a sonnet. And what kind of sonnet it
+
+332
+00:27:20,560 --> 00:27:27,180
+is? Is it a Shakespearean sonnet? It is what? So
+
+333
+00:27:27,180 --> 00:27:43,640
+A, B, B, A, huh? No, D, U, A, huh? B, B, A, C, D,
+
+334
+00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:52,900
+C, D, E, E. What kind of, you know? It doesn't
+
+335
+00:27:52,900 --> 00:27:56,900
+sound to be, huh? It is Petrarchan. It is
+
+336
+00:27:56,900 --> 00:28:01,960
+Petrarchan. And as we saw at the beginning of the
+
+337
+00:28:01,960 --> 00:28:03,740
+course, the patriarchal sonnet was used.
+
+338
+00:28:07,380 --> 00:28:14,940
+Yeah. Yes, it has two parts. But here the part, it
+
+339
+00:28:14,940 --> 00:28:22,260
+has the octave and the system. What is he doing
+
+340
+00:28:22,260 --> 00:28:25,940
+here and what is he doing here? You see here, he's
+
+341
+00:28:25,940 --> 00:28:29,340
+supplicating. He admits that he's a sinner. And
+
+342
+00:28:29,340 --> 00:28:35,180
+here, he's supplicating further. But in the
+
+343
+00:28:35,180 --> 00:28:38,840
+couplet, he concludes the whole argument.
+
+344
+00:28:42,420 --> 00:28:47,300
+He summarizes the whole argument by saying, except
+
+345
+00:28:47,300 --> 00:28:50,690
+you enthrall me, you never shall be free. Or never
+
+346
+00:28:50,690 --> 00:28:53,910
+chase except you ravish me. It is a conclusion.
+
+347
+00:28:54,390 --> 00:28:56,430
+But it's very interesting because one student told
+
+348
+00:28:56,430 --> 00:29:00,070
+me yesterday like, look here, I like this on it
+
+349
+00:29:00,070 --> 00:29:03,750
+because it is a mixture between Italian, the form
+
+350
+00:29:03,750 --> 00:29:06,780
+and the English, you know. Like because this state
+
+351
+00:29:06,780 --> 00:29:10,680
+is similar to the system of Shakespeare. I mean,
+
+352
+00:29:10,840 --> 00:29:14,820
+like Shakespeare when he was creating this and
+
+353
+00:29:14,820 --> 00:29:19,500
+this is similar to Petrarch or like Sir Thomas
+
+354
+00:29:19,500 --> 00:29:26,860
+Wyatt. I think he was using very traditional way
+
+355
+00:29:26,860 --> 00:29:31,760
+because this is a love. A love poem, a love poem
+
+356
+00:29:31,760 --> 00:29:37,720
+between man and God. So he was using that. And in
+
+357
+00:29:37,720 --> 00:29:41,080
+fact, he was in this poem also and in other poems
+
+358
+00:29:41,080 --> 00:29:44,580
+satirizing courtly lovers. John Donne didn't like
+
+359
+00:29:44,580 --> 00:29:47,980
+courtly lovers. They thought they were crazy. He
+
+360
+00:29:47,980 --> 00:29:51,500
+thought they were not good people.
+
+361
+00:29:54,940 --> 00:30:00,790
+Yes. I think the meter, again, it is iambic
+
+362
+00:30:00,790 --> 00:30:04,310
+pentameter. But what happens if you look at the
+
+363
+00:30:04,310 --> 00:30:10,770
+verb here, blow, rise, stand, overthrow, like
+
+364
+00:30:10,770 --> 00:30:15,110
+sometimes you have the, he variates and you have
+
+365
+00:30:15,110 --> 00:30:20,830
+like here, burn, So he variates three stresses.
+
+366
+00:30:23,270 --> 00:30:27,530
+Divorce me. Take me. Take me to you. Imprison me.
+
+367
+00:30:28,810 --> 00:30:33,930
+Divorce me. Divorce me. Untie. Break. So he's
+
+368
+00:30:33,930 --> 00:30:37,390
+variating with the rhythm just to suit. It is a
+
+369
+00:30:37,390 --> 00:30:41,850
+very noisy poem. And as we said at the beginning,
+
+370
+00:30:42,600 --> 00:30:46,280
+the sentiment of the poem cannot be felt unless
+
+371
+00:30:46,280 --> 00:30:49,800
+you read this poem aloud. So you might have
+
+372
+00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:53,640
+observed me reading it aloud and you can listen to
+
+373
+00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:57,080
+on YouTube you find some people reading it. So it
+
+374
+00:30:57,080 --> 00:31:00,500
+starts by being like this, Bear my heart, three
+
+375
+00:31:00,500 --> 00:31:03,160
+person God, like somebody who's gasping, who's
+
+376
+00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:08,260
+like in a real crisis situation, who's aspiring
+
+377
+00:31:08,260 --> 00:31:12,600
+for redemption. And then, at the end, take me to
+
+378
+00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:16,120
+you, imprison me for I, except you enthrall me,
+
+379
+00:31:16,520 --> 00:31:20,200
+never shall be free, nor ever chaste, except you
+
+380
+00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:23,480
+ravish me. So it should go like this, because this
+
+381
+00:31:23,480 --> 00:31:27,500
+is the only way. But this is, as you see, it is
+
+382
+00:31:27,500 --> 00:31:32,690
+very Catholic, isn't it? You know, I wish we had
+
+383
+00:31:32,690 --> 00:31:36,910
+time to study like George Herbert and to see how
+
+384
+00:31:36,910 --> 00:31:43,020
+George Herbert ended his poem not like this. He
+
+385
+00:31:43,020 --> 00:31:46,880
+ended his poem by showing that man should have
+
+386
+00:31:46,880 --> 00:31:50,320
+this submission to God, this obedience. He was
+
+387
+00:31:50,320 --> 00:31:53,200
+rebelling, and at the end of a poem called The
+
+388
+00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:57,240
+Caller, he heard, like, somebody calling because
+
+389
+00:31:57,240 --> 00:31:59,140
+he was rebelling, and he said, I don't want to be
+
+390
+00:31:59,140 --> 00:32:03,440
+a priest anymore. It's a prison to me. And at the
+
+391
+00:32:03,440 --> 00:32:06,880
+end of the poem, he heard me thought I heard
+
+392
+00:32:06,880 --> 00:32:11,330
+somebody calling, child. And I replied, my lord,
+
+393
+00:32:11,630 --> 00:32:16,390
+it's an act of obedience. Okay, I want you to be
+
+394
+00:32:16,390 --> 00:32:21,090
+obedient, obedient. Want you to have obedience and
+
+395
+00:32:21,090 --> 00:32:24,730
+to study hard. And if you have any question now,
+
+396
+00:32:24,790 --> 00:32:29,910
+you can ask before we switch off and talk about
+
+397
+00:32:29,910 --> 00:32:35,790
+the midterm exam. Do you have any question? Okay.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/_3kOqbyDROI_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2596 @@
+1
+00:00:14,020 --> 00:00:19,420
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. How are you today? Are
+
+2
+00:00:19,420 --> 00:00:24,700
+you sure you're fine? Okay, good. Today we're
+
+3
+00:00:24,700 --> 00:00:30,770
+going to continue with the romantics. I mean, like
+
+4
+00:00:30,770 --> 00:00:36,230
+in the previous lectures, we spoke about William
+
+5
+00:00:36,230 --> 00:00:40,710
+Blake, and we spoke about him as being like a pre
+
+6
+00:00:40,710 --> 00:00:43,890
+-romantic, or in other words, the harbinger of
+
+7
+00:00:43,890 --> 00:00:44,790
+romanticism.
+
+8
+00:00:47,570 --> 00:00:51,850
+So today we are going to talk further, but in a
+
+9
+00:00:51,850 --> 00:00:55,190
+much more conspicuous manner about romanticism.
+
+10
+00:00:56,560 --> 00:01:00,900
+We're honored again to have Ms. Ahlam talking
+
+11
+00:01:00,900 --> 00:01:03,520
+about Romanticism because she's a specialist in
+
+12
+00:01:03,520 --> 00:01:06,000
+this field. She's teaching a course called
+
+13
+00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:09,100
+Romanticism. So we're lucky to have her to talk
+
+14
+00:01:09,100 --> 00:01:15,030
+about Romanticism. But before she talks, you know,
+
+15
+00:01:15,310 --> 00:01:18,010
+I want, like, to see what you read, what you know
+
+16
+00:01:18,010 --> 00:01:22,890
+about Romanticism. So our starting point would be
+
+17
+00:01:22,890 --> 00:01:25,450
+from you, like what you are going to tell us about
+
+18
+00:01:25,450 --> 00:01:28,830
+or what you guess what is Romanticism, and then
+
+19
+00:01:28,830 --> 00:01:33,110
+she would be start to deliver her, you know,
+
+20
+00:01:34,070 --> 00:01:39,430
+lecture or presentation. As usual, we are going to
+
+21
+00:01:39,430 --> 00:01:47,230
+listen to you know, a report and yes,
+
+22
+00:01:48,930 --> 00:01:50,050
+yes please.
+
+23
+00:01:53,170 --> 00:01:56,370
+So we have a different student reading the report.
+
+24
+00:02:01,030 --> 00:02:02,390
+Hello everybody.
+
+25
+00:02:04,400 --> 00:02:07,660
+I have a paper, I have a pen, lots of pen, and
+
+26
+00:02:07,660 --> 00:02:10,660
+nothing to say. I have a mind, I have a heart,
+
+27
+00:02:10,760 --> 00:02:13,320
+lots of grave, and nothing to say. Devils
+
+28
+00:02:13,320 --> 00:02:15,900
+everywhere, birds singing melodious songs,
+
+29
+00:02:16,220 --> 00:02:19,240
+everything is chanting around, the table, the
+
+30
+00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:22,440
+lamp, the chair, but I still have nothing to say.
+
+31
+00:02:23,380 --> 00:02:26,540
+One would wonder how could tangles creations
+
+32
+00:02:26,540 --> 00:02:29,520
+speak, shout, clap, and all my movement away.
+
+33
+00:02:29,920 --> 00:02:33,040
+What's happened? What's hanged the world? What's
+
+34
+00:02:33,040 --> 00:02:37,200
+sold my words to stray? Come walk I, come sit I,
+
+35
+00:02:37,580 --> 00:02:41,360
+come laugh I, and come cry I, but at all still
+
+36
+00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:45,900
+have nothing to say. Okay, clap for her. This is a
+
+37
+00:02:45,900 --> 00:02:49,450
+good introduction to romantic poetry. Thank you
+
+38
+00:02:49,450 --> 00:02:53,430
+very much. Still, we have a space for another
+
+39
+00:02:53,430 --> 00:02:56,250
+student, and this student might be complaining. We
+
+40
+00:02:56,250 --> 00:02:58,090
+don't care. You can show your complaint here.
+
+41
+00:02:59,130 --> 00:03:06,030
+Okay. It's your right, as I told you, to protest,
+
+42
+00:03:06,210 --> 00:03:08,690
+to criticize, to say whatever you want to say.
+
+43
+00:03:09,090 --> 00:03:11,910
+Khawla, do you have something to say? I have my
+
+44
+00:03:11,910 --> 00:03:14,470
+report. Okay, come read it, please.
+
+45
+00:03:20,440 --> 00:03:23,100
+It was a lecture which Dr. Akram complete the
+
+46
+00:03:23,100 --> 00:03:26,320
+tiger. Mrs. Ahlam again come and explain her
+
+47
+00:03:26,320 --> 00:03:28,840
+opinion of the meaning of the tiger. And Dr. Akram
+
+48
+00:03:28,840 --> 00:03:31,520
+made a new discussion as a debate between two
+
+49
+00:03:31,520 --> 00:03:33,740
+teams. Dr. Akram with one team which support the
+
+50
+00:03:33,740 --> 00:03:36,560
+idea of industrial revolution while Mrs. Ahlam
+
+51
+00:03:36,560 --> 00:03:39,140
+with the other team who support the idea of poetic
+
+52
+00:03:39,140 --> 00:03:41,460
+creation. During the debate, some of the students
+
+53
+00:03:41,460 --> 00:03:43,800
+gave their opinion. I myself support the idea of
+
+54
+00:03:43,800 --> 00:03:47,720
+industrial revolution because the poem is full of
+
+55
+00:03:47,720 --> 00:03:51,290
+the evidences for that idea. Actually, it was a
+
+56
+00:03:51,290 --> 00:03:53,790
+great debate because each team respected the
+
+57
+00:03:53,790 --> 00:03:57,330
+other's opinion. Dr. Akram also changed the
+
+58
+00:03:57,330 --> 00:03:59,010
+atmosphere of the lecture by doing this
+
+59
+00:03:59,010 --> 00:04:02,270
+discussion. Finally, Dr. Akram thanked Mrs. Ahlam
+
+60
+00:04:02,270 --> 00:04:05,390
+and her team and all the students. Yeah, in fact,
+
+61
+00:04:05,650 --> 00:04:09,820
+I was very pleased last time because Once we
+
+62
+00:04:09,820 --> 00:04:12,440
+argued, you know, something against our
+
+63
+00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:15,040
+convention, I was afraid, like, you know, what I'm
+
+64
+00:04:15,040 --> 00:04:17,860
+going to say. But in fact, when you argue against
+
+65
+00:04:17,860 --> 00:04:21,720
+your conviction, you are forced to explore a new
+
+66
+00:04:21,720 --> 00:04:24,700
+territory. This is what I, you know, thought.
+
+67
+00:04:25,540 --> 00:04:30,940
+Good. So romanticism, Wordsworth, Coleridge,
+
+68
+00:04:31,520 --> 00:04:34,040
+William Blake, I don't know. What have you read
+
+69
+00:04:34,040 --> 00:04:38,310
+for us? Like, I just want keywords. Like, have you
+
+70
+00:04:38,310 --> 00:04:41,470
+read anything about romanticism before coming to
+
+71
+00:04:41,470 --> 00:04:45,190
+William Blake? Yes. Yes?
+
+72
+00:04:50,370 --> 00:04:50,890
+Okay.
+
+73
+00:04:54,310 --> 00:04:56,750
+So when we are talking about romanticism, we are
+
+74
+00:04:56,750 --> 00:05:00,850
+talking about ordinary people. Good. Good point.
+
+75
+00:05:00,930 --> 00:05:03,190
+Like, we can make a checklist. You see?
+
+76
+00:05:05,490 --> 00:05:10,250
+Romanticism, it is a movement emerged in the 16th
+
+77
+00:05:10,250 --> 00:05:13,370
+century as a reaction of the industrial
+
+78
+00:05:13,370 --> 00:05:17,310
+revolution. So, yes, it is. A response to going
+
+79
+00:05:17,310 --> 00:05:21,930
+back to nature as a human power to... Very good,
+
+80
+00:05:21,990 --> 00:05:26,210
+this is okay, too much like reaction, nature, you
+
+81
+00:05:26,210 --> 00:05:29,190
+know, and as a reaction to what you said?
+
+82
+00:05:30,900 --> 00:05:34,420
+Industrial Revolution? Good. So we want to see
+
+83
+00:05:34,420 --> 00:05:38,460
+romanticism as a reaction to industrial movement.
+
+84
+00:05:38,620 --> 00:05:44,560
+Okay. I was told about the romantic subjectivity
+
+85
+00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:47,800
+that the poet is writing about his experience, his
+
+86
+00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:52,110
+feelings. For example, William Wordwick says So
+
+87
+00:05:52,110 --> 00:05:59,210
+we're no longer invited to a poet who is concerned
+
+88
+00:05:59,210 --> 00:06:01,730
+with the whole society, but with the individual.
+
+89
+00:06:01,890 --> 00:06:05,410
+Individualism and individual concerns were an
+
+90
+00:06:05,410 --> 00:06:16,090
+issue. Okay, yes, yes. Yes, imagination, you can
+
+91
+00:06:16,090 --> 00:06:22,620
+answer. Imagination, yes. Like they were talking
+
+92
+00:06:22,620 --> 00:06:24,340
+about imagination and feelings. Do you want to
+
+93
+00:06:24,340 --> 00:06:27,020
+say? Okay, good.
+
+94
+00:06:32,730 --> 00:06:36,530
+Yeah, I think this is, you know, I don't know like
+
+95
+00:06:36,530 --> 00:06:39,290
+whether Mr. Hlam will agree with you that nature
+
+96
+00:06:39,290 --> 00:06:42,130
+was the source of imagination because here the
+
+97
+00:06:42,130 --> 00:06:45,430
+intricate relationship between imagination and
+
+98
+00:06:45,430 --> 00:06:49,250
+nature should be hopefully, you know, today, you
+
+99
+00:06:49,250 --> 00:06:52,070
+know, it should be resolved. And I'm sure like
+
+100
+00:06:53,390 --> 00:06:56,490
+Mrs. Ahlam is going to resolve this intricate
+
+101
+00:06:56,490 --> 00:06:58,830
+relationship because it is there. Once we
+
+102
+00:06:58,830 --> 00:07:00,990
+understand this, we're going to understand the
+
+103
+00:07:00,990 --> 00:07:03,870
+daffodils in a good way. Thank you very much. Yes,
+
+104
+00:07:03,930 --> 00:07:04,070
+Ola?
+
+105
+00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:11,420
+So the imagination
+
+106
+00:07:11,420 --> 00:07:15,180
+is there, but like it is, you know, inspiring. So
+
+107
+00:07:15,180 --> 00:07:18,680
+again, you know, this relationship between nature
+
+108
+00:07:18,680 --> 00:07:22,740
+and imagination is a point which we should, you
+
+109
+00:07:22,740 --> 00:07:29,970
+know, spend some time on. Yes, Hidayah? I know, I
+
+110
+00:07:29,970 --> 00:07:33,270
+know, I know, and I'm, you know, I cherish the
+
+111
+00:07:33,270 --> 00:07:35,570
+fact that you are joining us, you know. Yes? Yeah,
+
+112
+00:07:35,690 --> 00:07:39,330
+so I wrote some of what I recalled from my mind.
+
+113
+00:07:39,490 --> 00:07:41,950
+It's a revolution held in the time of industrial
+
+114
+00:07:41,950 --> 00:07:45,050
+revolution. It was a revolution against the
+
+115
+00:07:45,050 --> 00:07:48,090
+desensitized people and human So romanticism,
+
+116
+00:07:48,430 --> 00:07:50,950
+like, you know, is linked with revolutions. Like,
+
+117
+00:07:51,390 --> 00:07:55,550
+you know, the spring of the Arabs. Like now it has
+
+118
+00:07:55,550 --> 00:07:59,130
+spring, you know? Like this is a new name for
+
+119
+00:07:59,130 --> 00:08:01,630
+romanticism, you know, spring. The spring of the
+
+120
+00:08:01,630 --> 00:08:04,450
+Arabs. It has to do with revolution. What else?
+
+121
+00:08:05,730 --> 00:08:08,690
+Very good. I'm happy like all of you. Yes.
+
+122
+00:08:09,190 --> 00:08:11,930
+Romanticism impresses on the individual's
+
+123
+00:08:11,930 --> 00:08:16,790
+expression of emotion and Yes, the stress, there
+
+124
+00:08:16,790 --> 00:08:20,730
+is a shift from the outside to the inside. It's
+
+125
+00:08:20,730 --> 00:08:22,590
+okay. It's good that you answered because you
+
+126
+00:08:22,590 --> 00:08:25,930
+know, when I evaluate your participation, I go
+
+127
+00:08:25,930 --> 00:08:28,790
+back to the videos and look who's like raising her
+
+128
+00:08:28,790 --> 00:08:33,110
+hand and you know, so be careful. Yes. Thank you.
+
+129
+00:08:39,430 --> 00:08:39,430
+Yeah.
+
+130
+00:08:45,790 --> 00:08:49,370
+So they were not interested, you know, in the
+
+131
+00:08:49,370 --> 00:08:51,450
+form, you know, they were not governed by the
+
+132
+00:08:51,450 --> 00:08:57,190
+form. Okay, good. It seems I'm going to abort
+
+133
+00:08:57,190 --> 00:09:05,550
+everything, you know, but no. Yes? I like the
+
+134
+00:09:05,550 --> 00:09:08,950
+against. Everything is against, you know? But it
+
+135
+00:09:08,950 --> 00:09:12,750
+is very interesting, like nobody told me when the
+
+136
+00:09:12,750 --> 00:09:16,500
+romantic You know, period started, you know,
+
+137
+00:09:16,580 --> 00:09:22,660
+because this is, okay. When did it start?
+
+138
+00:09:27,500 --> 00:09:29,760
+Yeah, it started in Europe, after the French
+
+139
+00:09:29,760 --> 00:09:34,960
+Revolution. And when did it end?
+
+140
+00:09:37,980 --> 00:09:41,900
+You know? Very good, thank you. It didn't end. So
+
+141
+00:09:41,900 --> 00:09:46,520
+like this is, you know, it is not easy to define
+
+142
+00:09:46,520 --> 00:09:51,000
+when it started and when it ended. However, like,
+
+143
+00:09:51,540 --> 00:09:54,420
+you know, some people might say, okay, these are
+
+144
+00:09:54,420 --> 00:09:57,760
+the dates, you know, when romanticism flourished.
+
+145
+00:09:58,260 --> 00:10:01,600
+So there are certain dates. Okay, I think, you
+
+146
+00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:06,260
+know, Mrs. Ahlam, you have a good audience. They
+
+147
+00:10:06,260 --> 00:10:09,540
+have, you know read something about romanticism
+
+148
+00:10:09,540 --> 00:10:13,640
+and okay you are invited like to come and to start
+
+149
+00:10:13,640 --> 00:10:19,040
+talking and so how do you do you want me like to
+
+150
+00:10:19,040 --> 00:10:25,180
+participate or it's okay okay good if
+
+151
+00:10:25,180 --> 00:10:28,260
+you want to add something that's okay okay
+
+152
+00:10:28,260 --> 00:10:33,400
+assalamualaikum
+
+153
+00:10:35,070 --> 00:10:39,730
+How are you today? Okay. So again, back to you
+
+154
+00:10:39,730 --> 00:10:43,690
+with another, let's say, focus on romanticism
+
+155
+00:10:43,690 --> 00:10:46,930
+today. I'm not going to talk about romanticism in
+
+156
+00:10:46,930 --> 00:10:48,870
+general, but I'm going to focus on William
+
+157
+00:10:48,870 --> 00:10:52,230
+Wordsworth with his, I mean, theories in poetry,
+
+158
+00:10:52,610 --> 00:10:55,550
+since you are going to study the daffodils next
+
+159
+00:10:55,550 --> 00:10:58,210
+time. So this will be a kind of preparation for
+
+160
+00:10:58,210 --> 00:11:02,180
+you, inshallah. Okay, back to the previous
+
+161
+00:11:02,180 --> 00:11:04,320
+lectures about William Blake. I don't know if you
+
+162
+00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:07,220
+are still confused about the main focus of the
+
+163
+00:11:07,220 --> 00:11:11,900
+tiger or not. Are you still confused? Or
+
+164
+00:11:11,900 --> 00:11:15,820
+everything is clear now? So back to him and the
+
+165
+00:11:15,820 --> 00:11:18,920
+tiger. Tell me please, what are the main focuses
+
+166
+00:11:18,920 --> 00:11:24,800
+and the poem? The main themes? Since you are not
+
+167
+00:11:24,800 --> 00:11:25,400
+confused.
+
+168
+00:11:29,380 --> 00:11:35,000
+Yes. What else?
+
+169
+00:11:36,400 --> 00:11:40,780
+So we discussed last time in the debate two main
+
+170
+00:11:40,780 --> 00:11:45,060
+focuses which are again the poetic creation and
+
+171
+00:11:45,060 --> 00:11:47,720
+the second one is the industrial revolution as the
+
+172
+00:11:47,720 --> 00:11:49,760
+main focuses of William Blake and the tiger,
+
+173
+00:11:49,880 --> 00:11:53,240
+right? Okay, we can add another thing which is
+
+174
+00:11:53,240 --> 00:11:57,740
+what? The two contradictory states of the human
+
+175
+00:11:57,740 --> 00:12:03,900
+soul. the evil and the goodness, right? So we have
+
+176
+00:12:03,900 --> 00:12:07,520
+the tiger which symbolizes the evil of the human
+
+177
+00:12:07,520 --> 00:12:11,060
+soul and the lamb which symbolizes the goodness of
+
+178
+00:12:11,060 --> 00:12:13,940
+the human soul. Because again, we mentioned that
+
+179
+00:12:13,940 --> 00:12:17,520
+he is so interested in the human soul with all its
+
+180
+00:12:17,520 --> 00:12:20,300
+dimensions. I mean in childhood and when the child
+
+181
+00:12:20,300 --> 00:12:25,220
+became mature enough, okay? So in maturity, we got
+
+182
+00:12:25,220 --> 00:12:28,720
+experience, right? So we will be a little bit
+
+183
+00:12:28,720 --> 00:12:31,840
+corrupted if we are not going to, let's say,
+
+184
+00:12:31,920 --> 00:12:35,360
+maintain the childhood spirit within us. Because
+
+185
+00:12:35,360 --> 00:12:37,300
+again, he is so interested in the childlike
+
+186
+00:12:37,300 --> 00:12:39,960
+vision. This vision of the child can be found
+
+187
+00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:42,680
+again in maturity, even when you are mature. You
+
+188
+00:12:42,680 --> 00:12:44,400
+might have the spirit of the child within
+
+189
+00:12:44,400 --> 00:12:47,360
+yourself, right or not. So this is again his
+
+190
+00:12:47,360 --> 00:12:49,660
+interest in the tiger. And again, you can just go
+
+191
+00:12:49,660 --> 00:12:49,860
+ahead.
+
+192
+00:12:53,570 --> 00:12:56,230
+What is experience? Like does experience corrupt
+
+193
+00:12:56,230 --> 00:12:58,610
+innocence? What do you mean by experience? Yeah,
+
+194
+00:12:58,710 --> 00:13:02,830
+sometimes again. So experience doesn't totally
+
+195
+00:13:02,830 --> 00:13:05,410
+corrupt the human spirit because again it doesn't
+
+196
+00:13:05,410 --> 00:13:08,730
+have all the again negative sides, but it has some
+
+197
+00:13:08,730 --> 00:13:11,170
+positive sides too. But again, yeah, go ahead.
+
+198
+00:13:11,270 --> 00:13:14,890
+Yeah, when we talk about like experience, like we
+
+199
+00:13:14,890 --> 00:13:19,370
+are talking about like, you know, the corrupted
+
+200
+00:13:19,370 --> 00:13:24,050
+moral code. We're talking about the corrupted
+
+201
+00:13:24,050 --> 00:13:28,910
+religion, so this is experience. The selfish
+
+202
+00:13:28,910 --> 00:13:33,890
+individual values, these are the negative aspects
+
+203
+00:13:33,890 --> 00:13:38,510
+of experience. These things destroy innocence. If
+
+204
+00:13:38,510 --> 00:13:41,410
+you find somebody coming with materialistic values
+
+205
+00:13:41,410 --> 00:13:44,410
+or with corrupted religion, this is experience
+
+206
+00:13:44,410 --> 00:13:50,130
+which Because of this reason, from what Dr Akram
+
+207
+00:13:50,130 --> 00:13:54,270
+said, we can say that William Blake is the most
+
+208
+00:13:54,270 --> 00:13:58,190
+humanitarian romantic poet. And I don't know if
+
+209
+00:13:58,190 --> 00:14:00,730
+you know the meaning of humanitarian. He is so
+
+210
+00:14:00,730 --> 00:14:04,260
+interested in human welfare. The human goodness,
+
+211
+00:14:04,660 --> 00:14:08,200
+right? So he's supporting humanity. By what? By
+
+212
+00:14:08,200 --> 00:14:12,100
+actually his main ideas in poetry. So he's against
+
+213
+00:14:12,100 --> 00:14:15,540
+selfishness, he's against the evil powers, he's
+
+214
+00:14:15,540 --> 00:14:18,460
+against again the corruption of the church, so
+
+215
+00:14:18,460 --> 00:14:21,200
+many things. So again, you can put it under the
+
+216
+00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:26,060
+Ugly experience or the bad experience of a
+
+217
+00:14:26,060 --> 00:14:30,420
+humanity. Fine? Okay. So from William Blake, we
+
+218
+00:14:30,420 --> 00:14:33,960
+are going to move to another poet who is William
+
+219
+00:14:33,960 --> 00:14:36,560
+Wordsworth. And again, what you have said at the
+
+220
+00:14:36,560 --> 00:14:38,560
+beginning of the class is enough again about
+
+221
+00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:41,080
+romanticism. You mentioned so many characteristics
+
+222
+00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:44,320
+about the period. You can start with what? The
+
+223
+00:14:44,320 --> 00:14:47,120
+powerful feelings, the emotions. It is the time of
+
+224
+00:14:47,120 --> 00:14:50,060
+expression. It is the time of freedom. It is the
+
+225
+00:14:50,060 --> 00:14:53,680
+time of simplicity. It is the time of what again?
+
+226
+00:14:55,000 --> 00:14:58,360
+Individualism, subjectivity, the expression of the
+
+227
+00:14:58,360 --> 00:15:01,840
+feelings and the emotions again. Fine? William
+
+228
+00:15:01,840 --> 00:15:04,780
+Wordsworth is a little bit different regarding
+
+229
+00:15:04,780 --> 00:15:07,280
+other romantic poets. He is different from
+
+230
+00:15:07,280 --> 00:15:10,160
+Coleridge, from Keats, from let's say Byron, from
+
+231
+00:15:10,160 --> 00:15:13,740
+Shelley. So every romantic poet has again, has
+
+232
+00:15:13,740 --> 00:15:17,720
+let's say thumb marks and the period. And again,
+
+233
+00:15:17,920 --> 00:15:20,780
+each one is identified with a specific thing.
+
+234
+00:15:21,260 --> 00:15:22,980
+Regarding William Blake, we mentioned that he is
+
+235
+00:15:22,980 --> 00:15:25,980
+the most humanitarian poet. Regarding William
+
+236
+00:15:25,980 --> 00:15:28,900
+Wordsworth, he is the poet of nature. Regarding,
+
+237
+00:15:29,060 --> 00:15:30,960
+let's say, Coleridge, he is the poet of
+
+238
+00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:35,240
+imagination. Byron, it is regarding the exotic
+
+239
+00:15:35,240 --> 00:15:37,960
+beauty. And you can search for the meaning of the
+
+240
+00:15:37,960 --> 00:15:42,080
+word exotic, yeah. That's it, okay.
+
+241
+00:15:44,580 --> 00:15:46,200
+Chile is the poet of what?
+
+242
+00:15:50,020 --> 00:15:53,820
+universality of poetry, beauty too. Keats also is
+
+243
+00:15:53,820 --> 00:15:57,140
+the poet of beauty, but again, each one dealt with
+
+244
+00:15:57,140 --> 00:16:00,600
+the beauty in his own way and is in his own
+
+245
+00:16:00,600 --> 00:16:04,120
+thinking. So let's start again with William
+
+246
+00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:08,580
+Wordsworth. As you know, in his time, the physical
+
+247
+00:16:08,580 --> 00:16:14,640
+world And again, the spirit of the humans were all
+
+248
+00:16:14,640 --> 00:16:18,420
+governed by the mechanical laws and reason, right?
+
+249
+00:16:19,040 --> 00:16:22,760
+But when he came, and with the publication of the
+
+250
+00:16:22,760 --> 00:16:25,200
+lyrical palettes, and I don't know if you know the
+
+251
+00:16:25,200 --> 00:16:28,600
+lyrical palettes. Okay, now those lyrical palettes
+
+252
+00:16:28,600 --> 00:16:32,800
+were written by? William Wordsworth and Coleridge.
+
+253
+00:16:33,400 --> 00:16:37,100
+So both of them wrote it. And here we can consider
+
+254
+00:16:37,100 --> 00:16:40,200
+or many critics let's say consider the publication
+
+255
+00:16:40,200 --> 00:16:43,700
+of the lyrical palates as the beginning of the
+
+256
+00:16:43,700 --> 00:16:46,580
+Romantic period. And as you mentioned with Dr.
+
+257
+00:16:46,640 --> 00:16:48,860
+Akram at the beginning, so there is no specific
+
+258
+00:16:48,860 --> 00:16:51,620
+time for the beginning of Romanticism. Some marked
+
+259
+00:16:51,620 --> 00:16:53,260
+it with the beginning of the Industrial
+
+260
+00:16:53,260 --> 00:16:55,800
+Revolution. Some said that it is the beginning of
+
+261
+00:16:55,800 --> 00:16:59,660
+the French Revolution. Some said that it is by the
+
+262
+00:16:59,660 --> 00:17:01,440
+publication of the lyrical palettes which is
+
+263
+00:17:01,440 --> 00:17:04,400
+written by Coleridge and William Wordsworth. Okay.
+
+264
+00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:08,360
+Did they preface the lyrical palettes? Who wrote
+
+265
+00:17:08,360 --> 00:17:10,880
+the preface? It is William Wordsworth. He started,
+
+266
+00:17:11,100 --> 00:17:13,580
+yeah. Yeah, because he expresses, yeah. The
+
+267
+00:17:13,580 --> 00:17:18,380
+preface itself is what you can say the manifesto.
+
+268
+00:17:18,560 --> 00:17:20,360
+It's the announcement. So if you want to
+
+269
+00:17:20,360 --> 00:17:23,700
+understand like the rules and the characteristics
+
+270
+00:17:23,700 --> 00:17:25,980
+of romanticism, you have to read it. And again,
+
+271
+00:17:26,280 --> 00:17:29,000
+it's not It's difficult. You can just, you know,
+
+272
+00:17:29,080 --> 00:17:31,780
+write the premise of the, you know, lyrical
+
+273
+00:17:31,780 --> 00:17:35,620
+ballads and you can read. about their philosophy
+
+274
+00:17:35,620 --> 00:17:38,520
+more in a deeper way. Exactly, so they put their
+
+275
+00:17:38,520 --> 00:17:41,720
+all again ideas, beliefs regarding poetry and the
+
+276
+00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:43,800
+poet, especially again William Wordsworth because
+
+277
+00:17:43,800 --> 00:17:46,860
+he's the one who wrote the lyrical palettes. And
+
+278
+00:17:46,860 --> 00:17:48,980
+the lyrical palettes again starts with the rhyme
+
+279
+00:17:48,980 --> 00:17:52,740
+of the ancient mariner for Coleridge and ends with
+
+280
+00:17:52,740 --> 00:17:57,860
+Tintern Abbey for William Wordsworth. Fine? Okay.
+
+281
+00:17:58,940 --> 00:18:05,830
+Now again, in his poetry, He is always identified
+
+282
+00:18:05,830 --> 00:18:12,450
+by himself and by us as readers. regarding the
+
+283
+00:18:12,450 --> 00:18:17,970
+point of his view regarding nature. Nature's
+
+284
+00:18:17,970 --> 00:18:20,830
+relationship to man and man's relationship to
+
+285
+00:18:20,830 --> 00:18:24,430
+nature. Because again they are complementary. We
+
+286
+00:18:24,430 --> 00:18:27,390
+cannot again separate nature from man and separate
+
+287
+00:18:27,390 --> 00:18:30,490
+man from nature in his poetry, in his ideas, in
+
+288
+00:18:30,490 --> 00:18:35,450
+his beliefs. So today I'm going to explain William
+
+289
+00:18:35,450 --> 00:18:39,030
+Wordsworth's ideas regarding poetry,
+
+290
+00:18:41,600 --> 00:18:46,040
+The poet and nature. So we are going just to go in
+
+291
+00:18:46,040 --> 00:18:51,400
+series here. So first, I think all of you know the
+
+292
+00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:54,600
+definition of poetry and the Wordsworthian term,
+
+293
+00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:57,200
+let's say. So what is poetry for William
+
+294
+00:18:57,200 --> 00:19:00,640
+Wordsworth? The famous definition.
+
+295
+00:19:03,080 --> 00:19:03,780
+Yes, there.
+
+296
+00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:16,180
+Give her
+
+297
+00:19:16,180 --> 00:19:21,000
+a chance, please. Okay. So it is, again, the
+
+298
+00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:26,640
+powerful overflow Over the spontaneous. It is very
+
+299
+00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:29,100
+crucial word also. Yes, the spontaneous overflow
+
+300
+00:19:29,100 --> 00:19:32,140
+of powerful feelings and emotions. Yeah,
+
+301
+00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:36,340
+recollected and tranquility. Now, if you look at
+
+302
+00:19:36,340 --> 00:19:39,100
+the definition and the words of the definition,
+
+303
+00:19:39,620 --> 00:19:43,620
+you can deduce The meaning of poetry for him. The
+
+304
+00:19:43,620 --> 00:19:46,620
+main principles that govern the idea of poetry for
+
+305
+00:19:46,620 --> 00:19:49,560
+William Wordsworth. Because again, in his prophecy
+
+306
+00:19:49,560 --> 00:19:51,640
+explained the relationship between the poet and
+
+307
+00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:54,440
+the poetry. Not between the poetry and the reader
+
+308
+00:19:54,440 --> 00:19:57,280
+as again what explained before in the other ages.
+
+309
+00:19:57,640 --> 00:20:00,040
+So they started a new phase. Explaining the
+
+310
+00:20:00,040 --> 00:20:02,620
+definition of poetry and the poet. Because the
+
+311
+00:20:02,620 --> 00:20:10,460
+poet is the one who is Okay, he is able to express
+
+312
+00:20:10,460 --> 00:20:14,040
+his feelings and from the man or the poet as a man
+
+313
+00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:19,660
+we can just universalize the idea of poetry
+
+314
+00:20:19,660 --> 00:20:22,420
+because again he stands for the whole humanity.
+
+315
+00:20:23,450 --> 00:20:26,030
+The poet is again standing for the whole of
+
+316
+00:20:26,030 --> 00:20:30,230
+humanity. So when we say that poetry is a
+
+317
+00:20:30,230 --> 00:20:33,350
+spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings and
+
+318
+00:20:33,350 --> 00:20:36,710
+emotions. So the word spontaneous means what here?
+
+319
+00:20:39,530 --> 00:20:45,990
+Yes. It is not planned exactly. So it comes
+
+320
+00:20:45,990 --> 00:20:51,030
+smoothly, right? Simple. Whatever he feels, he
+
+321
+00:20:51,030 --> 00:20:54,010
+writes without thinking. Whatever comes to his
+
+322
+00:20:54,010 --> 00:20:56,910
+mind, to his heart, he writes about it in a
+
+323
+00:20:56,910 --> 00:21:00,790
+spontaneous way of powerful feelings and emotions.
+
+324
+00:21:01,050 --> 00:21:03,310
+Again, the powerful feelings and emotions
+
+325
+00:21:03,310 --> 00:21:06,690
+distinguishes the romantic period from other
+
+326
+00:21:06,690 --> 00:21:10,330
+periods because again, it is what? Expressions of
+
+327
+00:21:10,330 --> 00:21:12,630
+what? Feelings. Okay.
+
+328
+00:21:15,510 --> 00:21:19,090
+Recollected and tranquility. So the word
+
+329
+00:21:19,090 --> 00:21:21,850
+recollected reflects what?
+
+330
+00:21:24,650 --> 00:21:28,830
+Yes. The writing of the book itself is meaning
+
+331
+00:21:28,830 --> 00:21:31,430
+that the book has two experiences, primary
+
+332
+00:21:31,430 --> 00:21:33,750
+experience and secondary experience. Yes, right.
+
+333
+00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:37,580
+the things and he can't write it because it would
+
+334
+00:21:37,580 --> 00:21:40,120
+be like a temptation for his feelings. Yes. But he
+
+335
+00:21:40,120 --> 00:21:42,560
+should write it when he implemented tranquility
+
+336
+00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:46,500
+and so in this state he can write poetry. So you
+
+337
+00:21:46,500 --> 00:21:50,000
+are right. Yes, good. Maybe it indicates to the
+
+338
+00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:52,660
+creativity and even the imagination of the poet.
+
+339
+00:21:52,860 --> 00:21:56,130
+Good, the creativity. Yes, what else? Maybe it
+
+340
+00:21:56,130 --> 00:21:58,850
+deals with the memory of the experience, of the
+
+341
+00:21:58,850 --> 00:22:02,490
+old experience, and that deals with the mind
+
+342
+00:22:02,490 --> 00:22:05,250
+itself. Exactly. So again... Let me just comment
+
+343
+00:22:05,250 --> 00:22:07,550
+because, you know, I think the word spontaneous is
+
+344
+00:22:07,550 --> 00:22:11,170
+a little bit tricky. Yes. You know, when we are
+
+345
+00:22:11,170 --> 00:22:14,030
+talking about spontaneous, we're talking about our
+
+346
+00:22:14,030 --> 00:22:17,750
+reaction, you know, how we record our feelings.
+
+347
+00:22:17,910 --> 00:22:20,350
+Because, you know, when you see, when you smell,
+
+348
+00:22:20,930 --> 00:22:25,290
+this is something spontaneous. Yeah. like imbibing
+
+349
+00:22:25,290 --> 00:22:30,630
+or internalizing feelings. This is very
+
+350
+00:22:30,630 --> 00:22:34,550
+spontaneous. However, these feelings and these
+
+351
+00:22:34,550 --> 00:22:36,730
+experiences come to the mind in a spontaneous
+
+352
+00:22:36,730 --> 00:22:40,690
+manner. We don't plan them. They come to the mind
+
+353
+00:22:40,690 --> 00:22:47,520
+and then they are Stored. They are stored in the
+
+354
+00:22:47,520 --> 00:22:50,580
+mind and then they are recollected. So again we
+
+355
+00:22:50,580 --> 00:22:54,320
+have two keywords here can be related to the word
+
+356
+00:22:54,320 --> 00:23:00,300
+recollected. Memory and contemplation. Yes. Got
+
+357
+00:23:00,300 --> 00:23:03,320
+it? Memory and contemplation.
+
+358
+00:23:06,770 --> 00:23:10,370
+Did you get the two words? Okay. Now here what we
+
+359
+00:23:10,370 --> 00:23:13,510
+mean by memory, that the writer or again the poet,
+
+360
+00:23:14,270 --> 00:23:18,970
+when he is experiencing the experience, he is not
+
+361
+00:23:18,970 --> 00:23:23,740
+writing about it on the spot. Got it? But it is
+
+362
+00:23:23,740 --> 00:23:28,300
+written after specific period. Now, when you write
+
+363
+00:23:28,300 --> 00:23:30,960
+something that happened to you in the, again, the
+
+364
+00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:33,720
+past, what you are going to need? You are going to
+
+365
+00:23:33,720 --> 00:23:37,360
+need memory, right? And you need to contemplate,
+
+366
+00:23:37,460 --> 00:23:40,020
+just to sit like this and think of what happened
+
+367
+00:23:40,020 --> 00:23:44,120
+to you there. In tranquility. Now tranquility
+
+368
+00:23:44,120 --> 00:23:49,500
+means what? It means The peace of mind. The peace
+
+369
+00:23:49,500 --> 00:23:52,380
+of mind. Now here, the word peace is very crucial
+
+370
+00:23:52,380 --> 00:23:55,100
+again for the romantics. Again, you cannot write
+
+371
+00:23:55,100 --> 00:23:59,640
+under any pressure, under any stress, but you need
+
+372
+00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:03,480
+to feel that you are comfortable, relaxed in order
+
+373
+00:24:03,480 --> 00:24:06,860
+to produce something creative. And this is poetry.
+
+374
+00:24:07,100 --> 00:24:09,300
+Can we add the tranquility of nature because you
+
+375
+00:24:09,300 --> 00:24:12,560
+know, this is what I'm going to say. Mind and
+
+376
+00:24:12,560 --> 00:24:12,780
+nature.
+
+377
+00:24:17,590 --> 00:24:19,410
+You know, it is the solitude, the tranquility
+
+378
+00:24:19,410 --> 00:24:23,870
+itself. Again, the poet gets his peace from where?
+
+379
+00:24:24,090 --> 00:24:27,290
+It is from nature. Nature reflects its peace on
+
+380
+00:24:27,290 --> 00:24:30,730
+the poet. So he is going to have a kind of peace
+
+381
+00:24:30,730 --> 00:24:34,790
+of mind since the surroundings are peaceful. Fine?
+
+382
+00:24:35,210 --> 00:24:39,330
+Okay. So this is regarding poetry. What else do
+
+383
+00:24:39,330 --> 00:24:41,290
+you know about the poetry for William Wellsworth?
+
+384
+00:24:41,730 --> 00:24:45,830
+It is the poetry that talks about the incidents,
+
+385
+00:24:46,190 --> 00:24:51,450
+the events of the common life. Now you are going
+
+386
+00:24:51,450 --> 00:24:54,890
+to talk about the daffodils, right? Next time. So
+
+387
+00:24:54,890 --> 00:24:58,050
+what are the daffodils? They are simple creatures
+
+388
+00:24:58,050 --> 00:25:02,090
+in nature, flowers. So they are simple. They are
+
+389
+00:25:02,090 --> 00:25:04,770
+in a common place. I mean, wherever you go, you
+
+390
+00:25:04,770 --> 00:25:11,550
+can find them. But for an ordinary man, Exactly.
+
+391
+00:25:11,850 --> 00:25:14,670
+They cannot be considered as that great to write a
+
+392
+00:25:14,670 --> 00:25:17,910
+poetry or a poem for or about the daffodils. But
+
+393
+00:25:17,910 --> 00:25:21,050
+the poet has that power to write. And then when we
+
+394
+00:25:21,050 --> 00:25:25,090
+explain what the poet is, you will know why. Is he
+
+395
+00:25:25,090 --> 00:25:30,910
+again more sensible than other men? Fine? Okay.
+
+396
+00:25:31,510 --> 00:25:35,710
+Yes. You know, in this poem, he talks about the
+
+397
+00:25:35,710 --> 00:25:38,650
+daffodils, but the great paradox, it was not about
+
+398
+00:25:38,650 --> 00:25:40,860
+the daffodils. See what I mean? That was the
+
+399
+00:25:40,860 --> 00:25:43,100
+paradox of the poem. Yeah, he talks about the
+
+400
+00:25:43,100 --> 00:25:45,580
+daffodils, you know, the daffodils and the beauty
+
+401
+00:25:45,580 --> 00:25:48,520
+of the daffodils there, but the paradox that the
+
+402
+00:25:48,520 --> 00:25:55,120
+poem is not about the daffodils. Yeah, we can
+
+403
+00:25:55,120 --> 00:25:55,740
+debate if you want.
+
+404
+00:25:58,880 --> 00:26:03,260
+Okay. Yeah, that's it. So we mentioned that it is
+
+405
+00:26:03,260 --> 00:26:06,420
+about common things, common places, common people,
+
+406
+00:26:07,080 --> 00:26:12,340
+but there is a touch of imagination. Now they are
+
+407
+00:26:12,340 --> 00:26:15,840
+not left like this, as simple as they are, but we
+
+408
+00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:19,220
+have the imagination of the poet to add something
+
+409
+00:26:19,220 --> 00:26:22,760
+for those simple creatures or simple things or
+
+410
+00:26:22,760 --> 00:26:27,360
+common places. Fine? Okay. Now, what is the
+
+411
+00:26:27,360 --> 00:26:32,440
+purpose of poetry for William Wordsworth? Why is
+
+412
+00:26:32,440 --> 00:26:38,060
+he writing poetry? Yes or no? Good. What else?
+
+413
+00:26:43,860 --> 00:26:46,720
+Okay, to talk about his feelings and experiences.
+
+414
+00:26:46,980 --> 00:26:52,500
+Yes. Okay, to amuse them. What else? Now, he said,
+
+415
+00:26:53,940 --> 00:26:58,480
+that the poet is writing or writes poetry under
+
+416
+00:26:58,480 --> 00:27:02,220
+one restriction. What is that restriction? It is
+
+417
+00:27:02,220 --> 00:27:07,770
+the necessity of giving pleasure. So pleasure is
+
+418
+00:27:07,770 --> 00:27:11,630
+again a keyword. Why is he writing poetry? It is
+
+419
+00:27:11,630 --> 00:27:15,030
+for giving pleasure. Pleasure for whom? It is
+
+420
+00:27:15,030 --> 00:27:20,110
+pleasure for his reader and for himself. Exactly,
+
+421
+00:27:20,490 --> 00:27:22,970
+in the first stage. And then this is going to be
+
+422
+00:27:22,970 --> 00:27:25,850
+reflected on his reader again because we mentioned
+
+423
+00:27:25,850 --> 00:27:30,310
+that the romantics are Again, much concerned with
+
+424
+00:27:30,310 --> 00:27:33,650
+the universality of their poetry. Even though it
+
+425
+00:27:33,650 --> 00:27:38,290
+is individualistic, even though it is subjective,
+
+426
+00:27:38,670 --> 00:27:43,270
+but it can go or stand for the whole humanity.
+
+427
+00:27:43,790 --> 00:27:49,310
+Fine? Okay. What else? What's the other purpose?
+
+428
+00:27:49,390 --> 00:27:52,230
+We mentioned that it is given pleasure. And then
+
+429
+00:27:52,230 --> 00:28:00,570
+nature, huh? or poetry, yes?
+
+430
+00:28:03,130 --> 00:28:07,450
+So this
+
+431
+00:28:07,450 --> 00:28:09,890
+is related to the, again, the expression of
+
+432
+00:28:09,890 --> 00:28:14,690
+pleasure. So again, it is giving moral lessons.
+
+433
+00:28:16,770 --> 00:28:20,890
+Now poetry teaches people, teaches people to be
+
+434
+00:28:20,890 --> 00:28:25,610
+what? To be morally good. to be innocent. Since
+
+435
+00:28:25,610 --> 00:28:29,210
+there is a kind of what? Returning back to nature
+
+436
+00:28:29,210 --> 00:28:31,830
+itself. And we mentioned that nature is a
+
+437
+00:28:31,830 --> 00:28:34,870
+reflection of poetry and poetry is a reflection of
+
+438
+00:28:34,870 --> 00:28:39,630
+nature. Right? So they are again complete each
+
+439
+00:28:39,630 --> 00:28:41,830
+other. We cannot divide anyone from the other
+
+440
+00:28:41,830 --> 00:28:46,390
+side. Fine? So again, he mentioned that let nature
+
+441
+00:28:46,390 --> 00:28:51,110
+be your teacher. So from the first principle here,
+
+442
+00:28:51,370 --> 00:28:54,890
+we can say that nature, or poetry even, because we
+
+443
+00:28:54,890 --> 00:28:58,070
+can replace both of them instead of the other. I
+
+444
+00:28:58,070 --> 00:29:00,110
+mean nature instead of poetry, poetry instead of
+
+445
+00:29:00,110 --> 00:29:04,430
+nature. So let nature be your teacher. So again,
+
+446
+00:29:04,730 --> 00:29:08,230
+nature is teaching moral lessons. How to be, yeah.
+
+447
+00:29:08,270 --> 00:29:10,670
+However, this is not didactic. Yeah. Because you
+
+448
+00:29:10,670 --> 00:29:14,110
+know, we are done with the didactic poets.
+
+449
+00:29:14,330 --> 00:29:19,240
+Approach, yeah. You know, in the very classical I
+
+450
+00:29:19,240 --> 00:29:21,440
+mean, they were writing poetry to teach and
+
+451
+00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:27,060
+delight. Here, this is what I want to quote
+
+452
+00:29:27,060 --> 00:29:31,620
+Emerson. Nature ministers people, ministers like,
+
+453
+00:29:31,920 --> 00:29:34,300
+it is like a priest which teaches them how to
+
+454
+00:29:34,300 --> 00:29:39,080
+behave. So nature here, with its systematic
+
+455
+00:29:39,080 --> 00:29:43,300
+beauty, with its beauty, gives them morality, like
+
+456
+00:29:43,300 --> 00:29:45,400
+the movement of the river, the movement of the
+
+457
+00:29:45,400 --> 00:29:50,820
+cloud. It is like an example of You can improve
+
+458
+00:29:50,820 --> 00:29:54,960
+your morality just by looking at nature and
+
+459
+00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:58,820
+reflecting, reflecting. It's not just like
+
+460
+00:29:58,820 --> 00:30:02,040
+looking, reflecting on the beauty, on the divinity
+
+461
+00:30:02,040 --> 00:30:05,120
+of nature. Now here, yes, we can go back again to
+
+462
+00:30:05,120 --> 00:30:09,200
+the idea of the noble savage. Yes. So again, it is
+
+463
+00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:11,640
+attached to nature and the relationship between
+
+464
+00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:14,900
+nature and humans. You know the meaning of the
+
+465
+00:30:14,900 --> 00:30:15,480
+noble savage.
+
+466
+00:30:18,210 --> 00:30:22,430
+It's a French word. Yeah. It's a French version.
+
+467
+00:30:25,490 --> 00:30:26,510
+Yeah, it is. Yeah.
+
+468
+00:30:29,550 --> 00:30:34,530
+So who is Lenovo and why is he savage? It's like
+
+469
+00:30:34,530 --> 00:30:39,490
+a, you know, an absorber. Yeah. Being in nature
+
+470
+00:30:39,490 --> 00:30:42,950
+makes him savage. That's it. No, being in nature
+
+471
+00:30:42,950 --> 00:30:47,850
+makes him novel. Right? Because nature is novel
+
+472
+00:30:47,850 --> 00:30:51,170
+itself, right? But why is he savage again? Because
+
+473
+00:30:51,170 --> 00:30:55,510
+he is away from civilization. He is not civilized.
+
+474
+00:30:55,930 --> 00:30:58,950
+Because of this reason, we can call him savage.
+
+475
+00:31:00,870 --> 00:31:03,790
+Yeah, that's to educate people.
+
+476
+00:31:07,710 --> 00:31:11,530
+They are not educated. They are not civilized.
+
+477
+00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:23,220
+I want to talk about my, you know, take on about
+
+478
+00:31:23,220 --> 00:31:25,900
+romanticism because we should be, you know,
+
+479
+00:31:25,940 --> 00:31:29,180
+romanticism is fascinating. Yes. You know, later
+
+480
+00:31:29,180 --> 00:31:33,640
+you might change your mind. Okay. Anyway. So let's
+
+481
+00:31:33,640 --> 00:31:36,940
+go to the definition of the poet. Who is the poet?
+
+482
+00:31:37,960 --> 00:31:40,640
+Oh, this is a good question. Yeah. Who is the
+
+483
+00:31:40,640 --> 00:31:44,720
+poet? For William Wordsworth. Okay. Thank you very
+
+484
+00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:47,760
+much. Okay. Yes.
+
+485
+00:31:58,560 --> 00:32:01,540
+Convey, yeah, to convey his feelings. Yeah, good.
+
+486
+00:32:01,700 --> 00:32:06,140
+What else? Yes. He's a sensitive man, not like
+
+487
+00:32:06,140 --> 00:32:09,680
+ordinary people. Yes. So he notices things that we
+
+488
+00:32:09,680 --> 00:32:13,860
+cannot usually uncover. So you are right. So
+
+489
+00:32:13,860 --> 00:32:18,660
+firstly, he is a common man. So this is the thing.
+
+490
+00:32:18,780 --> 00:32:21,980
+This is the basis, right? So he is a common man
+
+491
+00:32:21,980 --> 00:32:29,860
+speaking to common people. Fine? Now, he is a
+
+492
+00:32:29,860 --> 00:32:34,660
+common man, but he, again, he doesn't stop till
+
+493
+00:32:34,660 --> 00:32:38,140
+this hour on the border of that word. But he adds,
+
+494
+00:32:38,620 --> 00:32:43,080
+with what? With a greater sensibility, with a
+
+495
+00:32:43,080 --> 00:32:46,460
+greater enthusiasm, and with a greater tenderness.
+
+496
+00:32:47,810 --> 00:32:51,570
+Now we have three other words which can be added
+
+497
+00:32:51,570 --> 00:32:54,550
+to the common man. So he is a man like other
+
+498
+00:32:54,550 --> 00:32:57,190
+people, but he is different from those sides
+
+499
+00:32:57,190 --> 00:33:01,950
+again. Fine? And he has also a more comprehensive
+
+500
+00:33:01,950 --> 00:33:10,110
+nature if he is compared with common people. Got
+
+501
+00:33:10,110 --> 00:33:12,990
+it? So look here, he was like to distinguish
+
+502
+00:33:12,990 --> 00:33:16,170
+himself. Yeah. He's a common man. Yes. But he's
+
+503
+00:33:16,170 --> 00:33:19,890
+distinguished. Yeah. He's distinguished for his
+
+504
+00:33:19,890 --> 00:33:25,310
+sensibility, his tenderness, his enthusiasm. So
+
+505
+00:33:25,310 --> 00:33:27,930
+again, this is very intricate relationship between
+
+506
+00:33:27,930 --> 00:33:30,790
+the poet and the common people. See what I mean?
+
+507
+00:33:31,270 --> 00:33:35,670
+It seems like he wants to give himself the
+
+508
+00:33:35,670 --> 00:33:39,470
+position of a prophet, of a seer, the one who can
+
+509
+00:33:39,470 --> 00:33:43,050
+see for the others, the one who can help the
+
+510
+00:33:43,050 --> 00:33:46,950
+others. He is like a spokesman. Yeah, the whole of
+
+511
+00:33:46,950 --> 00:33:51,170
+humanity. Right. And another definition which
+
+512
+00:33:51,170 --> 00:33:53,930
+again distinguishes the period of Romanticism from
+
+513
+00:33:53,930 --> 00:33:58,370
+other periods that they put as a man or a common
+
+514
+00:33:58,370 --> 00:34:04,110
+man who strives to seek truth. You know the word
+
+515
+00:34:04,110 --> 00:34:09,550
+truth because it is again The purpose behind why
+
+516
+00:34:09,550 --> 00:34:13,430
+poets are writing poetry, to seek truth, to reach
+
+517
+00:34:13,430 --> 00:34:16,350
+that truth. But this truth, again, is a universal
+
+518
+00:34:16,350 --> 00:34:19,570
+one. It is not specific for a specific poet,
+
+519
+00:34:19,850 --> 00:34:25,390
+again, or a specific person. Fine? Neither by, so
+
+520
+00:34:25,390 --> 00:34:32,570
+he's not using, okay, scientific ways, nor by
+
+521
+00:34:32,570 --> 00:34:37,240
+abstraction. Now he is not using the scientific
+
+522
+00:34:37,240 --> 00:34:41,140
+methods of the new classical period and he is not
+
+523
+00:34:41,140 --> 00:34:43,520
+using the abstraction which is the method of whom?
+
+524
+00:34:43,740 --> 00:34:46,340
+The philosophers. So he is not a philosopher and
+
+525
+00:34:46,340 --> 00:34:50,280
+he is not a scientific. But by what? By the
+
+526
+00:34:50,280 --> 00:34:55,220
+imaginative awareness of persons and things. Now
+
+527
+00:34:55,220 --> 00:34:58,880
+he adds something. Okay? Now he is seeking a truth
+
+528
+00:34:58,880 --> 00:35:02,880
+by which medium? It is by imagination. Again, it
+
+529
+00:35:02,880 --> 00:35:06,740
+is a crucial word. Fine? So this is the poet for
+
+530
+00:35:06,740 --> 00:35:11,560
+William Wordsworth. Now, from this, we can go to
+
+531
+00:35:11,560 --> 00:35:14,400
+the nature itself, since it is the main focus. I
+
+532
+00:35:14,400 --> 00:35:16,740
+don't know if we have enough time. Yeah, we can
+
+533
+00:35:16,740 --> 00:35:19,140
+go. Okay. Yeah, you have five minutes. So,
+
+534
+00:35:19,560 --> 00:35:23,860
+regarding nature, you need to go to three main
+
+535
+00:35:23,860 --> 00:35:30,460
+ideas here. Nature as a living power. Nature as
+
+536
+00:35:31,820 --> 00:35:35,760
+Something that gives us joy and pleasure. And the
+
+537
+00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:37,500
+third is...
+
+538
+00:35:40,590 --> 00:35:43,890
+We mentioned that before. Yeah, exactly. It is a
+
+539
+00:35:43,890 --> 00:35:47,890
+moral teacher. Exactly. So from those three ideas,
+
+540
+00:35:48,070 --> 00:35:50,550
+you can go and explain the relationship between
+
+541
+00:35:50,550 --> 00:35:54,990
+humans or the poet and nature itself. Should I add
+
+542
+00:35:54,990 --> 00:35:57,650
+one more important thing? Yes, you can. Nature has
+
+543
+00:35:57,650 --> 00:36:06,190
+this readiness to accept this marriage between
+
+544
+00:36:06,190 --> 00:36:11,850
+nature So again, if I can support what you have
+
+545
+00:36:11,850 --> 00:36:14,110
+mentioned from Wordsworth himself, he mentioned
+
+546
+00:36:14,110 --> 00:36:22,450
+that nature never did betray its lovers. So it is
+
+547
+00:36:22,450 --> 00:36:25,510
+a Wordsworthian idea. So again, nature never
+
+548
+00:36:25,510 --> 00:36:29,530
+betrays its lovers. Now, if you love nature, it
+
+549
+00:36:29,530 --> 00:36:33,670
+will love you again in return. Fine. Okay. Now
+
+550
+00:36:33,670 --> 00:36:36,370
+from the first idea that it is a living power.
+
+551
+00:36:36,470 --> 00:36:40,100
+What do you mean by a living power? Yeah, it is a
+
+552
+00:36:40,100 --> 00:36:40,740
+living power.
+
+553
+00:36:44,960 --> 00:36:47,160
+Nature itself is a living power.
+
+554
+00:36:51,340 --> 00:36:56,620
+So there is what? There is a life in every natural
+
+555
+00:36:56,620 --> 00:37:01,180
+object. Now this will take us to the definition of
+
+556
+00:37:01,180 --> 00:37:04,400
+the pathetic fallacy. What is the pathetic
+
+557
+00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:09,720
+fallacy? I think you talked about it. I think
+
+558
+00:37:09,720 --> 00:37:11,520
+we talked about the pathetic fallacy in the
+
+559
+00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:12,340
+description of spring.
+
+560
+00:37:18,170 --> 00:37:23,010
+Exactly. So here, the poet is given nature some
+
+561
+00:37:23,010 --> 00:37:27,670
+human attributes, some human capabilities. So it
+
+562
+00:37:27,670 --> 00:37:30,450
+can dance as what you are going to see, it can
+
+563
+00:37:30,450 --> 00:37:33,770
+speak, it can laugh. So again, a kind of
+
+564
+00:37:33,770 --> 00:37:36,730
+personification for nature, but it is not again
+
+565
+00:37:36,730 --> 00:37:40,230
+real. Because of this reason, we call it pathetic
+
+566
+00:37:40,230 --> 00:37:43,850
+fallacy. Fine? Now here, it is totally
+
+567
+00:37:43,850 --> 00:37:46,650
+Wordsworthian. Again, he absorbs, or again, he
+
+568
+00:37:46,650 --> 00:37:49,370
+holds the idea of the pathetic fallacy, but the
+
+569
+00:37:49,370 --> 00:37:52,250
+term as pathetic fallacy is discovered later on,
+
+570
+00:37:52,310 --> 00:37:54,730
+after, again, William Wordsworth. But we can
+
+571
+00:37:54,730 --> 00:37:59,330
+relate it to him since he has personifying nature.
+
+572
+00:38:00,090 --> 00:38:06,230
+He is given a human attributes. Fine? Okay. The
+
+573
+00:38:06,230 --> 00:38:10,180
+second thing is what? It gives us joy and
+
+574
+00:38:10,180 --> 00:38:13,980
+pleasure. And I think it is clear here. Since it
+
+575
+00:38:13,980 --> 00:38:16,760
+is joyous.
+
+576
+00:38:17,500 --> 00:38:21,060
+Since it is harmonious. And this will take us to
+
+577
+00:38:21,060 --> 00:38:23,540
+another dimension here, which is the relationship
+
+578
+00:38:23,540 --> 00:38:27,520
+between nature and humans. there should be a kind
+
+579
+00:38:27,520 --> 00:38:31,640
+of unity, harmony between nature and the human and
+
+580
+00:38:31,640 --> 00:38:35,280
+again between the natural objects themselves. So
+
+581
+00:38:35,280 --> 00:38:37,840
+here in the daffodils you will see this
+
+582
+00:38:37,840 --> 00:38:41,600
+relationship again between the human or the poet
+
+583
+00:38:41,600 --> 00:38:45,220
+and nature and nature with nature. So the
+
+584
+00:38:45,220 --> 00:38:51,440
+daffodils are dancing with each other and Huh?
+
+585
+00:38:51,600 --> 00:38:54,780
+What else? Beneath what? Beneath the lake. Now,
+
+586
+00:38:54,880 --> 00:38:57,400
+lake is a natural object and you have the
+
+587
+00:38:57,400 --> 00:39:00,380
+daffodils also natural. So again, you have a unity
+
+588
+00:39:00,380 --> 00:39:04,180
+between all the natural objects inside the poem or
+
+589
+00:39:04,180 --> 00:39:07,120
+any poem of William Wordsworth. Including man.
+
+590
+00:39:07,540 --> 00:39:10,000
+Including man, yeah. And this is what is going to
+
+591
+00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:12,680
+prepare us for the natural oneness. Yeah, exactly.
+
+592
+00:39:13,600 --> 00:39:16,740
+The unity, the oneness, yeah. You know, it occurs
+
+593
+00:39:16,740 --> 00:39:19,440
+in the rhyme of Ancient Malaga. Exactly. Yes,
+
+594
+00:39:19,560 --> 00:39:23,120
+right. So, what is the third thing? It is that it
+
+595
+00:39:23,120 --> 00:39:26,960
+is a moral teacher. It gives us lessons. Lessons
+
+596
+00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:33,000
+by what? By pleasure. Now, when you are pleased,
+
+597
+00:39:33,240 --> 00:39:36,820
+you can get whatever you cannot get and... huh?
+
+598
+00:39:40,420 --> 00:39:45,980
+What mood? When you are not happy or unhappy.
+
+599
+00:39:46,820 --> 00:39:50,730
+Fine. When you are sad. But if you feel that you
+
+600
+00:39:50,730 --> 00:39:54,050
+are comfortable, you are pleased, so you will get
+
+601
+00:39:54,050 --> 00:40:00,370
+whatever again, you can. Fine? Okay. So from this
+
+602
+00:40:00,370 --> 00:40:05,700
+again, the word nature here. We mentioned that it
+
+603
+00:40:05,700 --> 00:40:09,700
+is a moral teacher, it gives us pleasure, it gives
+
+604
+00:40:09,700 --> 00:40:13,620
+us joy, it is a comforting power, there should be
+
+605
+00:40:13,620 --> 00:40:16,900
+a kind of unity between humans and nature, nature
+
+606
+00:40:16,900 --> 00:40:21,480
+and nature. So nature is a very crucial word in
+
+607
+00:40:21,480 --> 00:40:28,220
+William Wordsworth's poetry. Fine? So you have
+
+608
+00:40:28,220 --> 00:40:33,300
+again those ideas regarding the poet, poetry and
+
+609
+00:40:34,220 --> 00:40:38,960
+Nature. We mentioned that the poet is a man who is
+
+610
+00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:43,000
+expressing his ideas, his feelings in a way which
+
+611
+00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:45,420
+is different from common people, even though we
+
+612
+00:40:45,420 --> 00:40:48,600
+can consider him as a common man. And there should
+
+613
+00:40:48,600 --> 00:40:52,870
+be a kind of, let's say, companionship, union
+
+614
+00:40:52,870 --> 00:40:56,810
+between him and nature itself, in order to reflect
+
+615
+00:40:56,810 --> 00:41:00,210
+whatever he feels, whatever he thinks. Fine? And
+
+616
+00:41:00,210 --> 00:41:03,250
+this will take us to a specific expression can be
+
+617
+00:41:03,250 --> 00:41:05,990
+said about the romantic period, which is what I
+
+618
+00:41:05,990 --> 00:41:11,990
+felt before I thought. So again, feeling precedes
+
+619
+00:41:11,990 --> 00:41:14,850
+thinking for the romantics. But in the other
+
+620
+00:41:14,850 --> 00:41:18,950
+periods, they said what? I think, therefore I am.
+
+621
+00:41:20,290 --> 00:41:23,070
+Now, what distinguishes me as a human creature
+
+622
+00:41:23,070 --> 00:41:25,730
+here in this universe? It is thinking only. I
+
+623
+00:41:25,730 --> 00:41:30,450
+think, therefore I am. So feelings are taken away.
+
+624
+00:41:30,890 --> 00:41:33,050
+They are not considered totally. Since you have
+
+625
+00:41:33,050 --> 00:41:37,210
+reasons, so you are a living human. But here,
+
+626
+00:41:37,570 --> 00:41:39,750
+since you have feelings and emotions for the
+
+627
+00:41:39,750 --> 00:41:44,950
+romantics, so you are a human. Again, this word
+
+628
+00:41:44,950 --> 00:41:49,590
+doesn't delete the word reason totally. We need
+
+629
+00:41:49,590 --> 00:41:52,930
+some reason in order to make a kind of balance in
+
+630
+00:41:52,930 --> 00:41:55,870
+our life. We need sense of sensibility. That's it.
+
+631
+00:41:56,010 --> 00:41:59,170
+Yeah. And we need Jane Austen, who was a romantic,
+
+632
+00:41:59,410 --> 00:42:03,290
+you know? Yeah, that's it. So OK, I think you're
+
+633
+00:42:03,290 --> 00:42:05,790
+done. Yeah, I am done totally. I don't know. I
+
+634
+00:42:05,790 --> 00:42:08,990
+have nothing except thanking you there. And I
+
+635
+00:42:08,990 --> 00:42:12,290
+always like the relationship between nature and
+
+636
+00:42:12,290 --> 00:42:16,250
+the poet would apply to the relationship between
+
+637
+00:42:16,250 --> 00:42:19,350
+the students and the teachers, you know? Yeah,
+
+638
+00:42:19,430 --> 00:42:22,730
+it's very like reciprocal relationship. It should
+
+639
+00:42:22,730 --> 00:42:25,790
+be like this relation of respect. You know, we
+
+640
+00:42:25,790 --> 00:42:29,810
+want like, to have this relation with the
+
+641
+00:42:29,810 --> 00:42:34,390
+students. And I think it's an amazing lecture
+
+642
+00:42:34,390 --> 00:42:39,330
+given by Mrs. Ahlam. We appreciate it very much.
+
+643
+00:42:39,790 --> 00:42:44,350
+She gave us enough background to understand the
+
+644
+00:42:44,350 --> 00:42:47,120
+poem next time. And I think, you know, the
+
+645
+00:42:47,120 --> 00:42:51,460
+presenter next time, Miss Ola, will have, you
+
+646
+00:42:51,460 --> 00:42:56,420
+know, a good audience because you have a good
+
+647
+00:42:56,420 --> 00:43:00,220
+understanding of now romanticism. So let's see
+
+648
+00:43:00,220 --> 00:43:03,320
+what will happen next time. Thank you again and
+
+649
+00:43:03,320 --> 00:43:04,540
+see you next time. Bye.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/eRGi4OOwFho.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1962 @@
+1
+00:00:13,900 --> 00:00:19,320
+Good morning. How are you? How was the weekend?
+
+2
+00:00:21,140 --> 00:00:29,890
+Not bad? I didn't get you. As usual. Boring? Why?
+
+3
+00:00:31,210 --> 00:00:36,590
+It's not boring. So have you had some time like to 
+
+4
+00:00:36,590 --> 00:00:40,630
+read poetry, to analyze poetry, to write a response?
+
+5
+00:00:41,290 --> 00:00:46,290
+Come on. This is what I'm asking, you know? Okay.
+
+6
+00:00:48,390 --> 00:00:54,130
+Yes? Did you have time to write reports? To write
+
+7
+00:00:54,130 --> 00:01:01,280
+a response? Okay. Who's willing to write or to
+
+8
+00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:04,780
+read her report. Yes, please. Come. Is it the 
+
+9
+00:01:04,780 --> 00:01:10,180
+first time you read? Okay, good. She's a first
+
+10
+00:01:10,180 --> 00:01:15,120
+timer. Okay. Our goals are set. There is no rest.
+
+11
+00:01:15,380 --> 00:01:18,360
+Our dreams will become true. We have to know. We 
+
+12
+00:01:18,360 --> 00:01:20,740
+have our duty. We shouldn't keep our minds empty.
+
+13
+00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:24,240
+Don't say, well, I will say this and that. Just
+
+14
+00:01:24,240 --> 00:01:27,680
+think with your mate. Arrange your notebooks and 
+
+15
+00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:30,760
+put your books. Poetry is there to look and stare.
+
+16
+00:01:31,260 --> 00:01:33,840
+Draw your own picture, but be aware of the new
+
+17
+00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:37,760
+culture. Thank you very much. This is, you know, I
+
+18
+00:01:37,760 --> 00:01:41,170
+mean, she's admonishing herself and she is
+
+19
+00:01:41,170 --> 00:01:43,770
+admonishing others, like, yes, they should
+
+20
+00:01:43,770 --> 00:01:47,830
+organize themselves because poetry, yes, I do
+
+21
+00:01:47,830 --> 00:01:51,270
+agree with you, poetry is very demanding and it 
+
+22
+00:01:51,270 --> 00:01:55,730
+requires a lot of work. I don't want to take this
+
+23
+00:01:55,730 --> 00:01:58,830
+as a complaint, but if you want to complain, okay, 
+
+24
+00:01:59,490 --> 00:02:03,370
+yeah, writing a report is not an issue, but
+
+25
+00:02:03,370 --> 00:02:06,850
+writing a response, reading the poem is very
+
+26
+00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:09,690
+interesting. Okay, any other creative
+
+27
+00:02:13,480 --> 00:02:17,660
+Let me use, you know, choose randomly and then we 
+
+28
+00:02:17,660 --> 00:02:19,580
+get. Okay, yes.
+
+29
+00:02:30,590 --> 00:02:33,770
+Being a critic is a wonderful topic. How it is 
+
+30
+00:02:33,770 --> 00:02:36,430
+amazing to become a critic. It was the main
+
+31
+00:02:36,430 --> 00:02:39,670
+concern of our previous lecture. We criticized the
+
+32
+00:02:39,670 --> 00:02:42,370
+poem from many areas according to our culture.
+
+33
+00:02:42,890 --> 00:02:45,910
+That lecture was full of thinking and activation. 
+
+34
+00:02:46,430 --> 00:02:49,070
+The teacher said you should activate your mind and
+
+35
+00:02:49,070 --> 00:02:52,270
+give more analyzation. That poem gave me the hope
+
+36
+00:02:52,270 --> 00:02:56,220
+again. You mean analysis? Yes. Yes. Because it 
+
+37
+00:02:56,220 --> 00:02:59,060
+seems to be interesting, so I will never feel in
+
+38
+00:02:59,060 --> 00:03:02,300
+pain. Fortunately, I said my daily report three
+
+39
+00:03:02,300 --> 00:03:05,020
+times, and I become happy. So the teacher
+
+40
+00:03:05,020 --> 00:03:08,180
+surprised me and said, so you are lucky. The kind
+
+41
+00:03:08,180 --> 00:03:10,600
+teacher asked many questions, and the students
+
+42
+00:03:10,600 --> 00:03:14,280
+answered in fresh minds. Then he thanked them and 
+
+43
+00:03:14,280 --> 00:03:17,760
+said, you are good with active minds. Finally, our
+
+44
+00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:20,620
+teacher ordered us to prepare Edmund Spencer to
+
+45
+00:03:20,620 --> 00:03:25,130
+his luck. So we become hesitant. Either to share
+
+46
+00:03:25,130 --> 00:03:28,130
+or that was enough. Okay, thank you very much. You
+
+47
+00:03:28,130 --> 00:03:31,490
+know what attracts my attention here like yeah, 
+
+48
+00:03:31,570 --> 00:03:35,150
+you can clap for her. What attracts my attention
+
+49
+00:03:35,150 --> 00:03:39,230
+here is like the willingness of many students to
+
+50
+00:03:39,230 --> 00:03:45,050
+write their report in poetic form. However, you
+
+51
+00:03:45,050 --> 00:03:48,590
+know, I want most of you to use the narrative, to
+
+52
+00:03:48,590 --> 00:03:51,830
+use the dramatic, to vary it, you know? Because 
+
+53
+00:03:51,830 --> 00:03:55,570
+poetry is good, but it takes time, honestly. So if
+
+54
+00:03:55,570 --> 00:03:58,810
+you write one in the whole semester or two, it 
+
+55
+00:03:58,810 --> 00:04:01,650
+would be good, but not all the time. Now, I need 
+
+56
+00:04:01,650 --> 00:04:06,430
+like a narrative. I need you to jot some of your
+
+57
+00:04:06,430 --> 00:04:11,190
+observations and perhaps to analyze what has been 
+
+58
+00:04:11,190 --> 00:04:13,830
+done or what has been said, and then to give a
+
+59
+00:04:13,830 --> 00:04:17,590
+judgment. Of course, you have the right to 
+
+60
+00:04:17,590 --> 00:04:21,350
+complain. You have the right to criticize. We are 
+
+61
+00:04:21,350 --> 00:04:24,510
+ready. We are open to any criticism. Don't worry.
+
+62
+00:04:24,690 --> 00:04:27,090
+If you have something you say, I don't understand,
+
+63
+00:04:27,410 --> 00:04:30,270
+I want this to be different, this is your right. 
+
+64
+00:04:34,170 --> 00:04:37,350
+Good. So I think it's time, like, to have another 
+
+65
+00:04:37,350 --> 00:04:41,790
+go. Yes, last time, I think, we went through the
+
+66
+00:04:41,790 --> 00:04:46,590
+poem. We went through your initial responses to 
+
+67
+00:04:46,590 --> 00:04:50,350
+the poem. And I think, you know, we read or we
+
+68
+00:04:50,350 --> 00:04:54,210
+try, like, to read the poem from an Islamic 
+
+69
+00:04:54,210 --> 00:04:58,030
+perspective. And that was, you know, good. Today,
+
+70
+00:04:58,050 --> 00:05:03,150
+we are going to conduct, you know, more, yes,
+
+71
+00:05:03,900 --> 00:05:08,560
+Today, we are conducting more meticulous, I mean,
+
+72
+00:05:09,100 --> 00:05:14,820
+careful analysis of the poet. We're going to look
+
+73
+00:05:14,820 --> 00:05:19,320
+at the aesthetics. We're going to look at the
+
+74
+00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:22,360
+rhyme and the rhythm. So today, we're going to
+
+75
+00:05:22,360 --> 00:05:27,200
+behave more like a critic. I think last time, all
+
+76
+00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:30,700
+of you thought
+
+77
+00:05:30,700 --> 00:05:38,830
+that the poet was sincere because he was trying to
+
+78
+00:05:38,830 --> 00:05:42,970
+immortalize, you know, the name and the memory of
+
+79
+00:05:42,970 --> 00:05:46,950
+his wife. In fact, it's not a beloved here. It is 
+
+80
+00:05:46,950 --> 00:05:54,390
+a wife. And most of us were very sympathetic with
+
+81
+00:05:54,390 --> 00:05:59,030
+the poem because he was frustrated. He was 
+
+82
+00:05:59,030 --> 00:06:04,750
+frustrated. However, Like all of us, we're very
+
+83
+00:06:04,750 --> 00:06:10,590
+happy when we found that the poem or the poet
+
+84
+00:06:10,590 --> 00:06:15,930
+found out a way or find a way out of that dilemma
+
+85
+00:06:15,930 --> 00:06:21,310
+by deciding to write or to immortalize having this
+
+86
+00:06:21,310 --> 00:06:25,490
+poem. And in fact here, as we said last time, he
+
+87
+00:06:25,490 --> 00:06:31,130
+is achieving two things. He is, you know, paying
+
+88
+00:06:31,130 --> 00:06:33,970
+tribute to her by immortalizing her name in 
+
+89
+00:06:33,970 --> 00:06:38,230
+heaven, because the assumption that was poetry was
+
+90
+00:06:38,230 --> 00:06:42,150
+divine, it was inspired, you know? And at the same 
+
+91
+00:06:42,150 --> 00:06:45,990
+time, like, you know, he is immortalizing his
+
+92
+00:06:45,990 --> 00:06:50,630
+poem. Okay, I don't have the poem. The NCD, you
+
+93
+00:06:50,630 --> 00:06:57,070
+know, needs some time to work. So, one day, I
+
+94
+00:06:57,070 --> 00:07:02,280
+wrote her name. You can look. One day I wrote her
+
+95
+00:07:02,280 --> 00:07:07,140
+name upon the strand, but came the waves and
+
+96
+00:07:07,140 --> 00:07:10,620
+washed it away. Okay.
+
+97
+00:07:14,920 --> 00:07:22,980
+One day I wrote her name upon the strand, but came 
+
+98
+00:07:22,980 --> 00:07:27,960
+the waves and washed it away. Okay.
+
+99
+00:07:32,330 --> 00:07:37,950
+Now here, it seems like he is in a struggle. The 
+
+100
+00:07:37,950 --> 00:07:47,070
+poet is struggling, isn't he? With whom? With the
+
+101
+00:07:47,070 --> 00:07:54,430
+waves. So the poets attempt are foiled by, you
+
+102
+00:07:54,430 --> 00:08:02,170
+know, the restless waves. So waves here, are
+
+103
+00:08:02,170 --> 00:08:06,910
+personified. They are like a person, you see. One
+
+104
+00:08:06,910 --> 00:08:10,370
+day I wrote her name upon this land, but came the 
+
+105
+00:08:10,370 --> 00:08:15,450
+waves and washed it away. So here, like the image
+
+106
+00:08:15,450 --> 00:08:20,370
+which is enacted here, it is enacted by, you know,
+
+107
+00:08:20,470 --> 00:08:23,670
+the personification itself. So we have an image of
+
+108
+00:08:23,670 --> 00:08:27,850
+somebody who was like trying to ride on the sand,
+
+109
+00:08:28,350 --> 00:08:33,180
+you know, to write the name of his wife, and then 
+
+110
+00:08:33,180 --> 00:08:37,500
+suddenly the waves was challenging him, see? And
+
+111
+00:08:37,500 --> 00:08:40,760
+washed it away. So the waves here were introduced
+
+112
+00:08:40,760 --> 00:08:46,180
+like a person who was challenging, contesting the 
+
+113
+00:08:46,180 --> 00:08:49,380
+poet's attempt. So this is a personification. And
+
+114
+00:08:49,380 --> 00:08:55,680
+washed in a way. Like wash, the word wash. Wash,
+
+115
+00:08:56,280 --> 00:09:03,130
+splash, what is this? Onomatopoeia, whoosh. It's 
+
+116
+00:09:03,130 --> 00:09:09,490
+onomatopoeia to show how he was challenged. So 
+
+117
+00:09:09,490 --> 00:09:13,970
+it's just, again, I wrote it with a second hand.
+
+118
+00:09:15,950 --> 00:09:18,370
+And even look, look at the shape of the lines.
+
+119
+00:09:19,610 --> 00:09:23,870
+Even though they are written in, the poem is 
+
+120
+00:09:23,870 --> 00:09:27,750
+written in iambic pentameter, but still the lines
+
+121
+00:09:30,470 --> 00:09:35,390
+or imitate to some extent like the shape or the 
+
+122
+00:09:35,390 --> 00:09:40,530
+form of the waves. Very interesting, huh? But came 
+
+123
+00:09:40,530 --> 00:09:43,250
+the waves and washed it away. Again, I wrote it 
+
+124
+00:09:43,250 --> 00:09:47,190
+with a second hand. But came the tide and made my
+
+125
+00:09:47,190 --> 00:09:51,290
+day. This is great. Yeah, the tide. What is the
+
+126
+00:09:51,290 --> 00:09:58,500
+tide? The tide? Again, it is the sea itself, the 
+
+127
+00:09:58,500 --> 00:10:04,420
+sea, the waves. Yeah, but here, like, no, it is a 
+
+128
+00:10:04,420 --> 00:10:10,060
+metaphor. You know, tide is like what? Like a
+
+129
+00:10:10,060 --> 00:10:14,700
+beast, a beast which is praying. Like, what is 
+
+130
+00:10:14,700 --> 00:10:16,860
+praying? What is the beast? What is this beast
+
+131
+00:10:16,860 --> 00:10:22,140
+praying on? And yeah, but came the tide and made
+
+132
+00:10:22,140 --> 00:10:28,340
+my pains his prayer. So tide, which is the waves,
+
+133
+00:10:28,940 --> 00:10:34,520
+the sea, was like, you know, a wild animal which
+
+134
+00:10:34,520 --> 00:10:40,180
+was preying on the pain of. So yes, again, we have
+
+135
+00:10:40,180 --> 00:10:42,100
+a double metaphor here because, you know, the
+
+136
+00:10:42,100 --> 00:10:46,820
+pain, the efforts, you know, of the poet were like
+
+137
+00:10:46,820 --> 00:10:51,600
+a prey, you know? So he was, I mean, this wild
+
+138
+00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:57,840
+animal was preying on the pain of the poet. So I
+
+139
+00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:01,880
+think, you know, all of these metaphors, you know,
+
+140
+00:11:01,960 --> 00:11:07,160
+make us win our sympathy, and perhaps share the 
+
+141
+00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:10,380
+poet, his experience. We share him the same
+
+142
+00:11:10,380 --> 00:11:13,860
+frustration, don't we? You know, when you try to
+
+143
+00:11:13,860 --> 00:11:16,060
+do like this, and then you're, you know, something 
+
+144
+00:11:16,060 --> 00:11:19,820
+is challenging you, do you feel like sympathy for
+
+145
+00:11:19,820 --> 00:11:26,070
+the poet? Yeah, or not? Okay, yes. So if yes, if
+
+146
+00:11:26,070 --> 00:11:30,350
+this is perhaps a distinctive feature of lyrical
+
+147
+00:11:30,350 --> 00:11:34,250
+poetry, because lyrical poetry, great lyrical
+
+148
+00:11:34,250 --> 00:11:38,790
+poetry, is the poetry which allows this self
+
+149
+00:11:38,790 --> 00:11:42,270
+-identification. So great lyrical poetry, even 
+
+150
+00:11:42,270 --> 00:11:46,630
+though it recounts a personal experience but, you
+
+151
+00:11:46,630 --> 00:11:50,790
+know, it is still like leave some space for us to 
+
+152
+00:11:50,790 --> 00:11:54,510
+identify with the poet. You see what I mean? This 
+
+153
+00:11:54,510 --> 00:11:57,210
+is like great poetry. Yeah, it is personal
+
+154
+00:11:57,210 --> 00:12:00,750
+experience. However, like it gives some space to
+
+155
+00:12:00,750 --> 00:12:03,250
+identify. We feel that we are part of the 
+
+156
+00:12:03,250 --> 00:12:06,990
+experience, don't we? Good. So this is a
+
+157
+00:12:06,990 --> 00:12:11,910
+distinctive feature of lyrical poetry. Good, I'm
+
+158
+00:12:11,910 --> 00:12:14,390
+doing it line by line, but I think, you know, when
+
+159
+00:12:14,390 --> 00:12:18,630
+we conduct written analysis, we have to see, you
+
+160
+00:12:18,630 --> 00:12:21,790
+know, the whole picture. But here we're going line 
+
+161
+00:12:21,790 --> 00:12:26,210
+by line in order to see, like, to explore the
+
+162
+00:12:26,210 --> 00:12:30,350
+aesthetics of this lovely sunnah. Is it lovely?
+
+163
+00:12:32,510 --> 00:12:37,150
+Okay, you have to say why it is lovely. A bit like 
+
+164
+00:12:37,150 --> 00:12:38,230
+all of you read it aloud?
+
+165
+00:12:40,980 --> 00:12:45,460
+We said last time, you read it aloud or not? And 
+
+166
+00:12:45,460 --> 00:12:50,520
+how did it turn out? Very fascinating, yeah? One 
+
+167
+00:12:50,520 --> 00:12:53,600
+day I wrote her name upon the strand, but came the
+
+168
+00:12:53,600 --> 00:12:56,960
+waves and washed it away. Again, I wrote it with a
+
+169
+00:12:56,960 --> 00:13:01,240
+second hand, but came the tide and made my paints
+
+170
+00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:06,180
+spray. Very sad. A, A, you know? Even the rhyme, 
+
+171
+00:13:06,500 --> 00:13:10,640
+the choice of the words. Look at the vowels, away.
+
+172
+00:13:11,020 --> 00:13:15,700
+It's like somebody who is sighing, complaining. So
+
+173
+00:13:15,700 --> 00:13:19,300
+the rhyme, you know, the choice of the rhyming
+
+174
+00:13:19,300 --> 00:13:25,760
+words are full of vowels. You know, yes. But came 
+
+175
+00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:29,500
+the tide, the tide again, you said time, because
+
+176
+00:13:29,500 --> 00:13:32,680
+in the Elizabethan time, you know, and this is 
+
+177
+00:13:32,680 --> 00:13:36,940
+like an example of a pun, because tide meant the 
+
+178
+00:13:36,940 --> 00:13:41,460
+sea itself, it was a metonymy of the sea. And at 
+
+179
+00:13:41,460 --> 00:13:44,780
+the same time, it is a pun, which it meant time.
+
+180
+00:13:45,540 --> 00:13:52,320
+Time in the Elizabethan period
+
+181
+00:13:52,320 --> 00:13:58,830
+was viewed as a ruthless, wild, fierce animal.
+
+182
+00:13:59,030 --> 00:14:01,830
+We're going to see this in many of Shakespeare's
+
+183
+00:14:01,830 --> 00:14:04,710
+sonnets, how they challenged the time. And like,
+
+184
+00:14:04,850 --> 00:14:07,570
+they thought that time was interchangeable with 
+
+185
+00:14:07,570 --> 00:14:12,030
+death. So time was an end to every, you know,
+
+186
+00:14:12,110 --> 00:14:16,690
+glorious dream. Time was an end to every happy and 
+
+187
+00:14:16,690 --> 00:14:20,870
+joyful thing. So, you know, they were concerned
+
+188
+00:14:20,870 --> 00:14:24,170
+about time and they wanted to find a way how to 
+
+189
+00:14:24,170 --> 00:
+
+223
+00:16:39,850 --> 00:16:43,870
+vain, I say, a mortal thing, so to immortalize. For
+
+224
+00:16:43,870 --> 00:16:50,540
+I myself shall like to this decay. And eek my name
+
+225
+00:16:50,540 --> 00:16:55,160
+be wiped out likewise. So it is something which is
+
+226
+00:16:55,160 --> 00:16:59,740
+discouraging for the poet, you know? Veinman. And
+
+227
+00:16:59,740 --> 00:17:03,800
+again here, Veinman will find that later, you
+
+228
+00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:06,900
+know, the whole poem is written in iambic
+
+229
+00:17:06,900 --> 00:17:10,440
+pentameter. And this is the only spondee in the
+
+230
+00:17:10,440 --> 00:17:13,900
+poem. You know, most of the poem is written in
+
+231
+00:17:13,900 --> 00:17:18,320
+iambic, one day I wrote her name upon the strand.
+
+232
+00:17:18,400 --> 00:17:21,200
+It goes like this, iambic pentameter. But this is
+
+233
+00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:24,980
+the only spondee. Sorry, this is the only spondee.
+
+234
+00:17:25,060 --> 00:17:28,860
+It is double stressed. You know, vain man, vain
+
+235
+00:17:28,860 --> 00:17:33,220
+man. You know, like, you know, she was trying like
+
+236
+00:17:33,220 --> 00:17:36,440
+to underestimate his efforts. Vain man, she wanted
+
+237
+00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:40,260
+to stress her assumption. Yeah, that what you are
+
+238
+00:17:40,260 --> 00:17:45,440
+doing is like useless. Vain man should see that
+
+239
+00:17:45,440 --> 00:17:49,560
+thus in vain I say, like the word vain, it has to
+
+240
+00:17:49,560 --> 00:17:53,240
+do, it is associated with, you know, uselessness.
+
+241
+00:17:53,340 --> 00:17:56,300
+It is associated with futility, you know, sort of
+
+242
+00:17:56,300 --> 00:18:00,140
+futility? Futility, like uselessness.
+
+243
+00:18:02,280 --> 00:18:06,300
+Vain man should see that thus in vain I say, a
+
+244
+00:18:06,300 --> 00:18:14,420
+mortal thing, so to immortalize. You're trying to
+
+245
+00:18:14,420 --> 00:18:17,320
+immortalize a mortal thing. Now, a mortal thing,
+
+246
+00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:20,580
+she's referring to what? It's a metonymy. It's a
+
+247
+00:18:20,580 --> 00:18:26,460
+metonymy of the body itself. And the body, in the
+
+248
+00:18:26,460 --> 00:18:29,360
+Mesopotamian time, the body was seen as something
+
+249
+00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:34,500
+inferior, which is liable to decay. A mortal
+
+250
+00:18:34,500 --> 00:18:39,300
+thing, so to immortalize, for I myself shall like
+
+251
+00:18:39,300 --> 00:18:45,020
+this decay and eek my name be wiped out likewise.
+
+252
+00:18:45,620 --> 00:18:49,380
+So the name is like something written, unlike it,
+
+253
+00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:53,400
+you know, it was the waves, unlike a teacher who
+
+254
+00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:56,820
+wipes out, like, you know, the board once he's
+
+255
+00:18:56,820 --> 00:19:01,460
+done. It's very dramatic. I mean, here, having the
+
+256
+00:19:01,460 --> 00:19:06,160
+voice of the, you know, the lady, you know, adds
+
+257
+00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:12,080
+another, you know, you know, another trajectory to
+
+258
+00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:15,620
+the poem, because it starts with dramatic, sorry,
+
+259
+00:19:15,740 --> 00:19:18,060
+with the narrative, and now it's getting more
+
+260
+00:19:18,060 --> 00:19:18,760
+dramatic.
+
+261
+00:19:21,320 --> 00:19:25,060
+Now, of course, the poet who was trying to write
+
+262
+00:19:25,060 --> 00:19:30,340
+was not convinced with what she said. So, not so,
+
+263
+00:19:30,820 --> 00:19:37,490
+not so, not so, kutai. Now it's a challenge. Not
+
+264
+00:19:37,490 --> 00:19:42,870
+so. Kotae. Kotae, it's like, Lit Baezer thinks
+
+265
+00:19:42,870 --> 00:19:46,810
+device. Like Baezer, he's talking about the body.
+
+266
+00:19:47,170 --> 00:19:50,270
+The body was seen. Again, this is Baezer. Like the
+
+267
+00:19:50,270 --> 00:19:52,350
+body, you know, what is connected to the body was
+
+268
+00:19:52,350 --> 00:19:55,390
+seen in the Leibnizian time as something base,
+
+269
+00:19:55,550 --> 00:19:59,730
+which is liable to decay. Lit Baezer thinks die,
+
+270
+00:20:00,150 --> 00:20:08,720
+to die in dust. But you shall live. by fame. So
+
+271
+00:20:08,720 --> 00:20:16,580
+fame here, you know, is like, you know, a patron,
+
+272
+00:20:16,820 --> 00:20:19,280
+like something, yeah, it's something, we have a
+
+273
+00:20:19,280 --> 00:20:21,940
+metaphor here. Fame, like it's something which
+
+274
+00:20:21,940 --> 00:20:28,920
+secures, you know, the existence of life. To die
+
+275
+00:20:28,920 --> 00:20:33,630
+in dust, but you shall live by fame. My verse,
+
+276
+00:20:33,790 --> 00:20:39,770
+your virtues rare shall eternize. Wow. My verse,
+
+277
+00:20:39,890 --> 00:20:44,650
+your virtues rare. My verse. Look at the
+
+278
+00:20:44,650 --> 00:20:50,090
+fricatives here. My verse, your virtues. You know,
+
+279
+00:20:50,110 --> 00:20:54,250
+because here he is assertive. So the alteration
+
+280
+00:20:54,250 --> 00:21:00,690
+here, you know, like has to do with the attitude
+
+281
+00:21:00,690 --> 00:21:04,690
+of the poet, which is very assertive. Now he's
+
+282
+00:21:04,690 --> 00:21:10,230
+challenging. My verse, your virtues rare shall
+
+283
+00:21:10,230 --> 00:21:14,730
+eternize. I know like your virtues, like it should
+
+284
+00:21:14,730 --> 00:21:19,290
+be your rare virtues. But the poet here, you know,
+
+285
+00:21:19,770 --> 00:21:23,330
+like reverses the order. And this is, you know,
+
+286
+00:21:23,890 --> 00:21:27,410
+perhaps he was doing this after Chaucer. And
+
+287
+00:21:27,410 --> 00:21:31,670
+later, this is going to be a poetic diction, like
+
+288
+00:21:31,670 --> 00:21:36,710
+when you use the adjective, like, Arabic, after it's
+
+289
+00:21:36,710 --> 00:21:40,110
+part of the poetic diction. It was a poetic
+
+290
+00:21:40,110 --> 00:21:43,450
+practice. We're going to see it later when we
+
+291
+00:21:43,450 --> 00:21:48,070
+discuss the Daya Classical, because they thought
+
+292
+00:21:48,070 --> 00:21:51,990
+that poetry should adhere to the norms of the
+
+293
+00:21:51,990 --> 00:21:55,050
+poetic diction. So, to die in dust, but you shall
+
+294
+00:21:55,050 --> 00:21:59,750
+live by fame. My verse, your virtue's rare, shall
+
+295
+00:21:59,750 --> 00:22:04,670
+eternize. Shal. Shal. You know, what is shal?
+
+296
+00:22:04,830 --> 00:22:07,950
+Like, shal is a modern verb. But what do we use
+
+297
+00:22:07,950 --> 00:22:12,750
+shal for? Look at the syntax here. We use shal for
+
+298
+00:22:12,750 --> 00:22:18,410
+what? For promises. Shal. So he's vowing. You
+
+299
+00:22:18,410 --> 00:22:21,290
+know, he's pledging. You know what's pledge? To
+
+300
+00:22:21,290 --> 00:22:27,690
+pledge, to vow. So pledge. He's vowing. He's
+
+301
+00:22:27,690 --> 00:22:31,910
+vowing that, you know, her poetry shall eternize,
+
+302
+00:22:32,870 --> 00:22:36,510
+you know, her poetry, you know, is going to
+
+303
+00:22:36,510 --> 00:22:41,450
+preserve, you know, or let's say to conserve, you
+
+304
+00:22:41,450 --> 00:22:45,270
+know, because conserve is on a longer term, to
+
+305
+00:22:45,270 --> 00:22:50,530
+conserve her virtues. Now, of course, here, you
+
+306
+00:22:50,530 --> 00:22:53,050
+know, it's a, it's a tribute to the lady because
+
+307
+00:22:53,050 --> 00:22:56,010
+it seems that the lady or his wife was full of
+
+308
+00:22:56,010 --> 00:23:00,890
+virtues. She was, you know, Elizabeth Pulley, I
+
+309
+00:23:00,890 --> 00:23:05,950
+think, you know, his mother was Elizabeth, his
+
+310
+00:23:05,950 --> 00:23:09,130
+wife was Elizabeth, and the queen, the queen was
+
+311
+00:23:09,130 --> 00:23:11,850
+Elizabeth. So he wrote a poem in which he
+
+312
+00:23:11,850 --> 00:23:15,990
+mentioned the three Elizabeth, you know? Okay, my
+
+313
+00:23:15,990 --> 00:23:19,090
+verse, your virtue's rare, shall eternize. I
+
+314
+00:23:19,090 --> 00:23:22,250
+think, you know, a woman like this should feel
+
+315
+00:23:22,250 --> 00:23:26,430
+very gratified and very, you know, grateful to a
+
+316
+00:23:26,430 --> 00:23:30,150
+husband who thinks of this way, you know. My
+
+317
+00:23:30,150 --> 00:23:34,130
+verse, your virtuous verse shall eternize and in
+
+318
+00:23:34,130 --> 00:23:39,730
+the heavens, and in the heavens, write, you know,
+
+319
+00:23:39,790 --> 00:23:46,930
+your glorious name, you know. Look here, in the
+
+320
+00:23:46,930 --> 00:23:50,750
+heaven, like it's an assumption. In the heaven,
+
+321
+00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:57,110
+write your glorious name. So how come this is, you
+
+322
+00:23:57,110 --> 00:24:02,170
+know, a metonymy? A metonymy of what? Metonymy,
+
+323
+00:24:02,490 --> 00:24:04,050
+you know, metonymy.
+
+324
+00:24:10,850 --> 00:24:18,780
+Metonymy, you know, of what? Of his poetry. So
+
+325
+00:24:18,780 --> 00:24:21,520
+what is what will be written in heaven? What is
+
+326
+00:24:21,520 --> 00:24:24,440
+the thing that will go to heaven according to the
+
+327
+00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:29,000
+Zabithian? It is poetry. Why? Because poetry is
+
+328
+00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:34,720
+inspired by the muse. Yes, what do you want to
+
+329
+00:24:34,720 --> 00:24:38,760
+say? I wanted to say that poetry is a heavenly
+
+330
+00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:42,620
+art. A heavenly art on what? A heavenly art that
+
+331
+00:24:42,620 --> 00:24:45,900
+was inspired by the goddess of inspiration, which
+
+332
+00:24:45,900 --> 00:24:51,190
+is the muse. Okay, yes. The same idea. So, like,
+
+333
+00:24:51,570 --> 00:24:55,070
+because it is divine, so it should be written in
+
+334
+00:24:55,070 --> 00:24:58,510
+heaven. And in heaven write your glorious name.
+
+335
+00:25:01,770 --> 00:25:05,530
+And then, like, I think we have to move, you know,
+
+336
+00:25:05,630 --> 00:25:14,410
+to the, sorry, the couplet. The couplet. I think
+
+337
+00:25:14,410 --> 00:25:19,130
+now, by now, we're not going to be surprised by
+
+338
+00:25:19,130 --> 00:25:21,930
+the couplet. Are we surprised by the couplet?
+
+339
+00:25:22,670 --> 00:25:27,050
+Because, you know, the poet taught us, you know,
+
+340
+00:25:27,570 --> 00:25:31,930
+how he's going to like, or what he's going to do.
+
+341
+00:25:32,530 --> 00:25:38,290
+So, the couplet comes like what? So what is the
+
+342
+00:25:38,290 --> 00:25:42,970
+value of the couplet? Whereas, whereas death shall
+
+343
+00:25:42,970 --> 00:25:47,150
+all the world subdue, our Lord shall live, And
+
+344
+00:25:47,150 --> 00:25:50,350
+later, like, you know. So, what is like the
+
+345
+00:25:50,350 --> 00:25:52,650
+function of the couplet here? Like in Shakespeare,
+
+346
+00:25:53,290 --> 00:25:58,410
+the couplet was, you know, like he was presenting
+
+347
+00:25:58,410 --> 00:26:02,290
+a solution. So, I mean, and that was like
+
+348
+00:26:02,290 --> 00:26:04,710
+Shakespeare, and we see that in the poems we are
+
+349
+00:26:04,710 --> 00:26:07,270
+studying. But do you think here he's given a
+
+350
+00:26:07,270 --> 00:26:09,870
+solution? So he is?
+
+351
+00:26:17,270 --> 00:26:20,590
+Yeah, but this is the assertion that is happening
+
+352
+00:26:20,590 --> 00:26:24,410
+here. Yeah, think what he's doing here. Why is he
+
+353
+00:26:24,410 --> 00:26:27,130
+here? What's happening in the final couple? What
+
+354
+00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:27,590
+is happening?
+
+355
+00:26:30,530 --> 00:26:34,630
+Where, whereas death shall all the worse of you, I
+
+356
+00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:41,540
+Our love shall live, and they shall die. Wow. Yes?
+
+357
+00:26:41,740 --> 00:26:44,280
+He's moving from the mundane existence to
+
+358
+00:26:44,280 --> 00:26:49,320
+something more eternal. He's asserting also that
+
+359
+00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:52,880
+the poetry and the verse is going to transcend
+
+360
+00:26:52,880 --> 00:26:56,820
+everything. I like the word transcend. Everything
+
+361
+00:26:56,820 --> 00:27:00,280
+that is pure. Yeah. Poetry has the power to
+
+362
+00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:05,260
+transcend. Yeah, but like I think this is clear
+
+363
+00:27:05,260 --> 00:27:08,040
+here. My verse, your verse is, you know, and he's
+
+364
+00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:11,360
+going to write her name in heaven. See? It is
+
+365
+00:27:11,360 --> 00:27:13,560
+here. So what is he doing here in the couplet?
+
+366
+00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:18,720
+What is the function of the couplet? Yes. I think,
+
+367
+00:27:18,820 --> 00:27:22,020
+you know, if you look at it closely, he
+
+368
+00:27:22,020 --> 00:27:26,740
+reiterates, he reiterates, like says again,
+
+369
+00:27:27,280 --> 00:27:32,760
+reiterates what
+
+370
+00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:38,520
+he said earlier. He explicates, he explains, you
+
+371
+00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:43,220
+know, like his decision in, you know, the
+
+372
+00:27:43,220 --> 00:27:47,880
+equatorial, where, where, whereas, death shall all
+
+373
+00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:53,860
+the world subdue, our love shall live, and later,
+
+374
+00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:58,980
+he's elaborating how he's going to write her name.
+
+375
+00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:04,330
+So, yeah, the cockpit here is not, very essential
+
+376
+00:28:04,330 --> 00:28:06,810
+part, like what we are going to see in
+
+377
+00:28:06,810 --> 00:28:10,210
+Shakespeare, but it is like of, you know,
+
+378
+00:28:10,590 --> 00:28:14,070
+argumenting, it gives the shape of the sonnet, but
+
+379
+00:28:14,070 --> 00:28:18,030
+as you see, he's elaborating, he's explaining, you
+
+380
+00:28:18,030 --> 00:28:21,430
+know? He doesn't surprise us by giving us the
+
+381
+00:28:21,430 --> 00:28:25,690
+solution here. So, whereas death shall all the
+
+382
+00:28:25,690 --> 00:28:30,670
+worlds subdue. Death here is capitalized, why?
+
+383
+00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:36,880
+It's capitalized. Death was the main concern of
+
+384
+00:28:36,880 --> 00:28:40,540
+the media. You know, all of you still remember
+
+385
+00:28:40,540 --> 00:28:45,120
+those who studied Hamlet. To be or not to be. Not
+
+386
+00:28:45,120 --> 00:28:49,160
+to be is to die. And nobody, you know, came after
+
+387
+00:28:49,160 --> 00:28:51,720
+death to tell us. So there was, you know, they
+
+388
+00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:53,980
+were panicking, you know, they were, you know,
+
+389
+00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:58,820
+death was like, oh my God, it was a great power.
+
+390
+00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:03,780
+And Shakespeare, other poets, you know, Marlow, of
+
+391
+00:29:03,780 --> 00:29:08,820
+lithium were preoccupied by the idea of death. So
+
+392
+00:29:08,820 --> 00:29:13,080
+I think capitalizing here death is what? Is it a
+
+393
+00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:16,460
+metaphor? Is it a personification, or what? What's
+
+394
+00:29:16,460 --> 00:29:20,160
+being subdued by anybody? To subdue, like, control
+
+395
+00:29:20,160 --> 00:29:23,500
+somebody. To subjugate somebody, subdue.
+
+396
+00:29:24,020 --> 00:29:27,700
+Subjugate, suppress. So, whereas when death shall
+
+397
+00:29:27,700 --> 00:29:31,380
+over the world subdue. What figure of speech is
+
+398
+00:29:31,380 --> 00:29:31,620
+this?
+
+399
+00:29:34,910 --> 00:29:39,310
+It is a personification. Thank you. It's a
+
+400
+00:29:39,310 --> 00:29:43,030
+personification. So death is like, you know, a
+
+401
+00:29:43,030 --> 00:29:48,470
+person who tries to control, you know, shall all
+
+402
+00:29:48,470 --> 00:29:54,030
+the world subdue. Our, you know, our love shall
+
+403
+00:29:54,030 --> 00:29:59,270
+live. Our love shall live. You know, so it's the
+
+404
+00:29:59,270 --> 00:30:01,250
+only thing which will not be subdued.
+
+405
+00:30:03,620 --> 00:30:08,300
+And later life renew, wow. So it is honoring.
+
+406
+00:30:08,820 --> 00:30:11,000
+Later, you know, I want our love to transcend
+
+407
+00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:15,760
+this, then, because we're talking about, you know,
+
+408
+00:30:16,420 --> 00:30:20,160
+a life which is renewed. The
+
+445
+00:32:47,880 --> 00:32:51,540
+was not as confident as Shakespeare, you know? I
+
+446
+00:32:51,540 --> 00:32:55,240
+think he was argumentative. You know, look here, you 
+
+447
+00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:59,080
+seem like to have said the line is like what a B a
+
+448
+00:32:59,080 --> 00:33:02,400
+B. Yes, and, and that was common for most of his
+
+449
+00:33:02,400 --> 00:33:07,160
+sonnets. A B a B B C B C C B C B E E. But for this
+
+450
+00:33:07,160 --> 00:33:12,180
+particular sonnet. Do you think that this line? A B 
+
+451
+00:33:12,180 --> 00:33:18,680
+a B B C B C. You know, it is, is it like, you know
+
+452
+00:33:18,680 --> 00:33:23,060
+suitable for the atmosphere of the poem, the 
+
+453
+00:33:23,060 --> 00:33:25,560
+movement of the waves, or not? Yes, it is very 
+
+454
+00:33:25,560 --> 00:33:28,540
+suitable. And it is some sort of smoothing the 
+
+455
+00:33:28,540 --> 00:33:31,240
+background of the argument. That is some sort of 
+
+456
+00:33:31,240 --> 00:33:33,960
+here cruel, and then it goes cyclic, and then at 
+
+457
+00:33:33,960 --> 00:33:36,600
+the end, it goes again cyclic. And it was very
+
+458
+00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:42,140
+suitable for it. Great. And there is something I 
+
+459
+00:33:42,140 --> 00:33:46,100
+wanted to say. I'm sorry. I forgot. You want to 
+
+460
+00:33:46,100 --> 00:33:50,610
+talk about this poem, B, itself? Yes, it goes all 
+
+461
+00:33:50,610 --> 00:33:54,930
+I am, at the end, unstressed, stressed. And then
+
+462
+00:33:54,930 --> 00:33:58,430
+it is only here, Spondy, as you've said, because 
+
+463
+00:33:58,430 --> 00:34:01,850
+of the cruelty of the woman when she says, "a vain 
+
+464
+00:34:01,850 --> 00:34:06,330
+man," to him, addressing him to his face. And that
+
+465
+00:34:06,330 --> 00:34:09,410
+is... So all the poem, you know, is written in 
+
+466
+00:34:09,410 --> 00:34:13,010
+iambic pentameter. And today I sent you a sketch 
+
+467
+00:34:13,010 --> 00:34:17,950
+of the poem. If you just like refer to my page, 
+
+468
+00:34:18,230 --> 00:34:22,350
+You know, I just like posted for you something, a 
+
+469
+00:34:22,350 --> 00:34:26,570
+link called, you know, "Rhythm in this sonnet," and
+
+470
+00:34:26,570 --> 00:34:29,270
+it is compared with Shakespeare. So we find that
+
+471
+00:34:29,270 --> 00:34:32,130
+the poem is written in iambic pentameter. It is 
+
+472
+00:34:32,130 --> 00:34:35,710
+very musical. The only variation, as we said, this 
+
+473
+00:34:35,710 --> 00:34:38,790
+one, because it is, you know, she's a woman, like 
+
+474
+00:34:38,790 --> 00:34:42,270
+she's reacting, you know, or she's responding to
+
+475
+00:34:42,270 --> 00:34:45,270
+his attempts, so she was trying to be more
+
+476
+00:34:45,270 --> 00:34:51,500
+assertive. So she was using this poor thing. Do 
+
+477
+00:34:51,500 --> 00:34:55,460
+you want to add anything, Mike? Okay, but let's 
+
+478
+00:34:55,460 --> 00:35:00,980
+like, I didn't cover everything. I think we are 
+
+479
+00:35:00,980 --> 00:35:06,420
+waiting for their wonderful contributions, yes. So 
+
+480
+00:35:06,420 --> 00:35:11,320
+what is the theme? What is the theme? What is the 
+
+481
+00:35:11,320 --> 00:35:16,060
+possible theme? Mortality and immortality? You
+
+482
+00:35:16,060 --> 00:35:19,540
+know? Yes? A challenge of life. A challenge, you 
+
+483
+00:35:19,540 --> 00:35:23,540
+know, like... Okay, you have to be more specific. 
+
+484
+00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:27,480
+So, the challenges of life, you mean? Poetry 
+
+485
+00:35:27,480 --> 00:35:30,060
+itself? Poetry itself? The function and the 
+
+486
+00:35:30,060 --> 00:35:32,180
+significance. The function of poetry? Of verse. 
+
+487
+00:35:32,500 --> 00:35:36,700
+What else? Yes? The dreadful impact of the death.
+
+488
+00:35:37,500 --> 00:35:41,900
+Yeah, the preoccupation of death. Death and, like,
+
+489
+00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:46,180
+how to challenge death. Yeah. You know? This could
+
+490
+00:35:46,180 --> 00:35:49,520
+be like what you said, all of what you said could
+
+491
+00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:55,120
+be summarized in a very, you know, common theme of
+
+492
+00:35:55,120 --> 00:35:57,980
+the Elizabethan time, which was called mutability 
+
+493
+00:35:57,980 --> 00:36:00,200
+theme. Mutability theme. 
+
+494
+00:36:05,400 --> 00:36:08,380
+Yeah, nothing was, you know, mutability, like 
+
+495
+00:36:08,380 --> 00:36:11,400
+things were changing, changing, and that was a 
+
+496
+00:36:11,400 --> 00:36:13,880
+concern. So most of the Elizabethan, the
+
+497
+00:36:13,880 --> 00:36:17,270
+Elizabethan time was a prosperous age, you know, 
+
+498
+00:36:17,570 --> 00:36:20,990
+it was an age of advance in every field of life.
+
+499
+00:36:21,410 --> 00:36:23,910
+And, you know, there was a concern about 
+
+500
+00:36:23,910 --> 00:36:26,690
+mutability. There was a concern about death. We'll 
+
+501
+00:36:26,690 --> 00:36:29,870
+see this, you know, in the poem of Marlow next
+
+502
+00:36:29,870 --> 00:36:32,510
+time and running. Because next time we're going to 
+
+503
+00:36:32,510 --> 00:36:35,650
+discuss Marlow and running. And I expect you to 
+
+504
+00:36:35,650 --> 00:36:38,810
+write a good response to Marlow. So yes, it's a 
+
+505
+00:36:38,810 --> 00:36:43,490
+mutability theme. However, you know, we can say it 
+
+506
+00:36:43,490 --> 00:36:47,030
+could be about the immortality of verse could be 
+
+507
+00:36:47,030 --> 00:36:51,670
+about, yes, immortality of verse itself, like
+
+508
+00:36:51,670 --> 00:36:57,070
+Spencer's verse. And here he wants to show that
+
+509
+00:36:57,070 --> 00:37:01,430
+his verse, he's celebrating his verse. He's
+
+510
+00:37:01,430 --> 00:37:05,010
+celebrating himself. And as you see here, he is 
+
+511
+00:37:05,010 --> 00:37:09,690
+celebrating an emergent
+
+512
+00:37:11,500 --> 00:37:17,580
+which is the value of individualism. So here, you
+
+513
+00:37:17,580 --> 00:37:21,320
+see, he's not submitting, he's not, you know,
+
+514
+00:37:22,040 --> 00:37:25,680
+giving in. He thinks he has something to share 
+
+515
+00:37:25,680 --> 00:37:29,640
+with. He, as an individual, he has a personal
+
+516
+00:37:29,640 --> 00:37:33,160
+initiative. And this is what, you know, this is a 
+
+517
+00:37:33,160 --> 00:37:36,300
+new value. This is an Elizabethan value. It is the
+
+518
+00:37:36,300 --> 00:37:41,440
+value of individualism. The poets are coming out, 
+
+519
+00:37:41,560 --> 00:37:44,640
+saying, yeah, we have something to say. And this 
+
+520
+00:37:44,640 --> 00:37:49,200
+fits with the whole epistemology of the time, 
+
+521
+00:37:49,300 --> 00:37:52,460
+which is humanism. I think it's a wonderful point.
+
+522
+00:37:52,540 --> 00:37:55,080
+Yes, Alaa, what do you want to say? I think it's
+
+523
+00:37:55,080 --> 00:37:59,420
+maybe that starting in stanza with the same rhyme 
+
+524
+00:37:59,420 --> 00:38:03,900
+that we entered in the previous stanza is one 
+
+525
+00:38:03,900 --> 00:38:07,640
+aspect of the renewing. Maybe. This is an
+
+526
+00:38:07,640 --> 00:38:09,910
+addition. Thank you, Ola. Because here we're
+
+527
+00:38:09,910 --> 00:38:15,210
+talking about, you know, like a connected thing.
+
+528
+00:38:15,430 --> 00:38:23,530
+So A, B, A, B, then B, C. So there is connection
+
+529
+00:38:23,530 --> 00:38:27,450
+here. You know, there is connection. So the whole
+
+530
+00:38:27,450 --> 00:38:30,130
+line is connected like this. And this has to do
+
+531
+00:38:30,390 --> 00:38:33,310
+Was there anyone? Okay, what a wonderful idea.
+
+532
+00:38:33,510 --> 00:38:35,750
+Yes, Jan? Yeah, I feel like also because we said 
+
+533
+00:38:35,750 --> 00:38:38,050
+this is going to immortalize and like for example
+
+534
+00:38:38,050 --> 00:38:40,710
+next generations are going to be reading about 
+
+535
+00:38:40,710 --> 00:38:43,730
+this. So I feel like the old generation is passing
+
+536
+00:38:43,730 --> 00:38:46,050
+something to the new generation at that point. 
+
+537
+00:38:46,110 --> 00:38:50,290
+Yeah, like extra. Good, good, good. So I think we
+
+538
+00:38:50,290 --> 00:38:52,670
+are making something of the rhyme here. So the
+
+539
+00:38:52,670 --> 00:38:55,950
+rhyme fits very much, you know, like the whole 
+
+540
+00:38:55,950 --> 00:39:01,770
+theme of the poem. Good. Do you have anything to 
+
+541
+00:39:01,770 --> 00:39:05,430
+add? So what you are supposed to do, I mean you
+
+542
+00:39:05,430 --> 00:39:08,670
+are in class, I gave you like this, this is the 
+
+543
+00:39:08,670 --> 00:39:11,490
+second, so what you have to do is like to go at 
+
+544
+00:39:11,490 --> 00:39:15,850
+home, like just try to read what I sent for you, 
+
+545
+00:39:16,310 --> 00:39:19,930
+and then you try to take notes and try to piece up 
+
+546
+00:39:19,930 --> 00:39:23,490
+together a nice critique, you know, a nice 
+
+547
+00:39:23,490 --> 00:39:26,690
+critique of the poem. This is your responsibility,
+
+548
+00:39:27,150 --> 00:39:32,080
+and next time we are supposed to start a new poet, 
+
+549
+00:39:32,640 --> 00:39:36,240
+Marlow. And Marlow, what is funny about Marlow,
+
+550
+00:39:36,460 --> 00:39:39,940
+he's inviting somebody to go with him to the
+
+551
+00:39:39,940 --> 00:39:42,320
+countryside. We're going to have a new genre, 
+
+552
+00:39:42,520 --> 00:39:45,340
+which is called pastoral poetry. So I want you to 
+
+553
+00:39:45,340 --> 00:39:48,520
+know what is pastoral poetry. And I want you to 
+
+554
+00:39:48,520 --> 00:39:52,180
+respond this time by poetry to "Come live with me
+
+555
+00:39:52,180 --> 00:39:55,940
+and be my love." Say, "No, Marlow, I'm not coming 
+
+556
+00:39:55,940 --> 00:39:59,820
+with you. I'm a Muslim, and I have. You know, to 
+
+557
+00:39:59,820 --> 00:40:02,700
+respect you or whatever, you know? You can do
+
+558
+00:40:02,700 --> 00:40:05,660
+that. It's going to be funny. Thank you very much
+
+559
+00:40:05,660 --> 00:40:08,740
+for your attention. I'll see you next time. Okay, 
+
+560
+00:40:08,900 --> 00:40:09,040
+bye.

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/eRGi4OOwFho_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2240 @@
+1
+00:00:13,900 --> 00:00:19,320
+Good morning. How are you? How was the weekend?
+
+2
+00:00:21,140 --> 00:00:29,890
+Not bad? I didn't get you. As usual. Boring? Why?
+
+3
+00:00:31,210 --> 00:00:36,590
+It's not boring. So have you had some time like to
+
+4
+00:00:36,590 --> 00:00:40,630
+read poetry, to analyze poetry, to write response?
+
+5
+00:00:41,290 --> 00:00:46,290
+Come on. This is what I'm asking, you know? Okay.
+
+6
+00:00:48,390 --> 00:00:54,130
+Yes? Did you have time to write reports? To write
+
+7
+00:00:54,130 --> 00:01:01,280
+a response? Okay. Who's? willing to write or to
+
+8
+00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:04,780
+read her report. Yes, please. Come. Is it the
+
+9
+00:01:04,780 --> 00:01:10,180
+first time you read? Okay, good. She's a first
+
+10
+00:01:10,180 --> 00:01:15,120
+timer. Okay. Our goals are set. There is no rest.
+
+11
+00:01:15,380 --> 00:01:18,360
+Our dreams will become true. We have to know. We
+
+12
+00:01:18,360 --> 00:01:20,740
+have our duty. We shouldn't keep our minds empty.
+
+13
+00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:24,240
+Don't say, well, I will say this and that. Just
+
+14
+00:01:24,240 --> 00:01:27,680
+think with your mate. Arrange your notebooks and
+
+15
+00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:30,760
+put your books. Poetry is there to look and stare.
+
+16
+00:01:31,260 --> 00:01:33,840
+Draw your own picture, but be aware of the new
+
+17
+00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:37,760
+culture. Thank you very much. This is, you know, I
+
+18
+00:01:37,760 --> 00:01:41,170
+mean, she's admonishing herself. and she is
+
+19
+00:01:41,170 --> 00:01:43,770
+admonishing others, like, yes, they should
+
+20
+00:01:43,770 --> 00:01:47,830
+organize themselves because poetry, yes, I do
+
+21
+00:01:47,830 --> 00:01:51,270
+agree with you, poetry is very demanding and it
+
+22
+00:01:51,270 --> 00:01:55,730
+requires a lot of work. I don't want to take this
+
+23
+00:01:55,730 --> 00:01:58,830
+as a complaint, but if you want to complain, okay,
+
+24
+00:01:59,490 --> 00:02:03,370
+yeah, writing a report is not an issue, but
+
+25
+00:02:03,370 --> 00:02:06,850
+writing a response, reading the poem is very
+
+26
+00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:09,690
+interesting. Okay, any other creative
+
+27
+00:02:13,480 --> 00:02:17,660
+Let me use, you know, choose randomly and then we
+
+28
+00:02:17,660 --> 00:02:19,580
+get. Okay, yes.
+
+29
+00:02:30,590 --> 00:02:33,770
+Being critic is a wonderful topic. How it is
+
+30
+00:02:33,770 --> 00:02:36,430
+amazing to become a critic. It was the main
+
+31
+00:02:36,430 --> 00:02:39,670
+concern of our previous lecture. We criticized the
+
+32
+00:02:39,670 --> 00:02:42,370
+poem from many areas according to our culture.
+
+33
+00:02:42,890 --> 00:02:45,910
+That lecture was full of thinking and activation.
+
+34
+00:02:46,430 --> 00:02:49,070
+The teacher said you should activate your mind and
+
+35
+00:02:49,070 --> 00:02:52,270
+give more analyzation. That poem gave me the hope
+
+36
+00:02:52,270 --> 00:02:56,220
+again. You mean analysis? Yes. Yes. Because it
+
+37
+00:02:56,220 --> 00:02:59,060
+seems to be interesting, so I will never feel in
+
+38
+00:02:59,060 --> 00:03:02,300
+pain. Fortunately, I said my daily report three
+
+39
+00:03:02,300 --> 00:03:05,020
+times, and I become happy. So the teacher
+
+40
+00:03:05,020 --> 00:03:08,180
+surprised me and said, so you are lucky. The kind
+
+41
+00:03:08,180 --> 00:03:10,600
+teacher asked many questions, and the students
+
+42
+00:03:10,600 --> 00:03:14,280
+answered in afresh minds. Then he thanked them and
+
+43
+00:03:14,280 --> 00:03:17,760
+said, you are good with active minds. Finally, our
+
+44
+00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:20,620
+teacher ordered us to prepare Edmund Spencer to
+
+45
+00:03:20,620 --> 00:03:25,130
+his luck. So we become hesitant. Either to share
+
+46
+00:03:25,130 --> 00:03:28,130
+or that was enough. Okay, thank you very much. You
+
+47
+00:03:28,130 --> 00:03:31,490
+know what attracts my attention here like yeah,
+
+48
+00:03:31,570 --> 00:03:35,150
+you can clap for her What attracts my attention
+
+49
+00:03:35,150 --> 00:03:39,230
+here is like the willingness of many students to
+
+50
+00:03:39,230 --> 00:03:45,050
+write their report in poetic form. However, you
+
+51
+00:03:45,050 --> 00:03:48,590
+know, I want most of you to use the narrative, to
+
+52
+00:03:48,590 --> 00:03:51,830
+use the dramatic, to vary it, you know? Because
+
+53
+00:03:51,830 --> 00:03:55,570
+poetry is good, but it takes time, honestly. So if
+
+54
+00:03:55,570 --> 00:03:58,810
+you write one in the whole semester or two, it
+
+55
+00:03:58,810 --> 00:04:01,650
+would be good, but not all the time. Now, I need
+
+56
+00:04:01,650 --> 00:04:06,430
+like a narrative. I need you to jot some of your
+
+57
+00:04:06,430 --> 00:04:11,190
+observations and perhaps to analyze what has been
+
+58
+00:04:11,190 --> 00:04:13,830
+done or what has been said, and then to give a
+
+59
+00:04:13,830 --> 00:04:17,590
+judgment. Of course, you have the right to
+
+60
+00:04:17,590 --> 00:04:21,350
+complain. You have the right to criticize. We are
+
+61
+00:04:21,350 --> 00:04:24,510
+ready. We are open to any criticism. Don't worry.
+
+62
+00:04:24,690 --> 00:04:27,090
+If you have something you say, I don't understand,
+
+63
+00:04:27,410 --> 00:04:30,270
+I want this to be different, this is your right.
+
+64
+00:04:34,170 --> 00:04:37,350
+Good. So I think it's time, like, to have another
+
+65
+00:04:37,350 --> 00:04:41,790
+go. Yes, last time, I think, we went through the
+
+66
+00:04:41,790 --> 00:04:46,590
+poem. We went through your initial responses to
+
+67
+00:04:46,590 --> 00:04:50,350
+the poem. And I think, you know, we read or we
+
+68
+00:04:50,350 --> 00:04:54,210
+try, like, to read the poem from an Islamic
+
+69
+00:04:54,210 --> 00:04:58,030
+perspective. And that was, you know, good. Today,
+
+70
+00:04:58,050 --> 00:05:03,150
+we are going to conduct, you know, more, yes,
+
+71
+00:05:03,900 --> 00:05:08,560
+Today, we are conducting more meticulous, I mean,
+
+72
+00:05:09,100 --> 00:05:14,820
+careful analysis of the poet. We're going to look
+
+73
+00:05:14,820 --> 00:05:19,320
+at the aesthetics. We're going to look at the
+
+74
+00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:22,360
+rhyme and the rhythm. So today, we're going to
+
+75
+00:05:22,360 --> 00:05:27,200
+behave more like a critic. I think last time, all
+
+76
+00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:30,700
+of you thought
+
+77
+00:05:30,700 --> 00:05:38,830
+that the poet was sincere because he was trying to
+
+78
+00:05:38,830 --> 00:05:42,970
+immortalize, you know, the name and the memory of
+
+79
+00:05:42,970 --> 00:05:46,950
+his wife. In fact, it's not a beloved here. It is
+
+80
+00:05:46,950 --> 00:05:54,390
+a wife. And most of us were very sympathetic with
+
+81
+00:05:54,390 --> 00:05:59,030
+the poem because he was frustrated. He was
+
+82
+00:05:59,030 --> 00:06:04,750
+frustrated. However, Like all of us, we're very
+
+83
+00:06:04,750 --> 00:06:10,590
+happy when we found that the poem or the poet
+
+84
+00:06:10,590 --> 00:06:15,930
+found out a way or find a way out of that dilemma
+
+85
+00:06:15,930 --> 00:06:21,310
+by deciding to write or to immortalize having this
+
+86
+00:06:21,310 --> 00:06:25,490
+poem. And in fact here, as we said last time, he
+
+87
+00:06:25,490 --> 00:06:31,130
+is achieving two things. He is, you know, paying
+
+88
+00:06:31,130 --> 00:06:33,970
+tribute to her by immortalizing her name in
+
+89
+00:06:33,970 --> 00:06:38,230
+heaven, because the assumption that was poetry was
+
+90
+00:06:38,230 --> 00:06:42,150
+divine, it was inspired, you know? And at the same
+
+91
+00:06:42,150 --> 00:06:45,990
+time, like, you know, he is immortalizing his
+
+92
+00:06:45,990 --> 00:06:50,630
+poem. Okay, I don't have the poem. The NCD, you
+
+93
+00:06:50,630 --> 00:06:57,070
+know, needs some time to work. So, one day, I
+
+94
+00:06:57,070 --> 00:07:02,280
+wrote her name. You can look. One day I wrote her
+
+95
+00:07:02,280 --> 00:07:07,140
+name upon the strand, but came the waves and
+
+96
+00:07:07,140 --> 00:07:10,620
+washed it away. Okay.
+
+97
+00:07:14,920 --> 00:07:22,980
+One day I wrote her name upon the strand, but came
+
+98
+00:07:22,980 --> 00:07:27,960
+the waves and washed it away. Okay.
+
+99
+00:07:32,330 --> 00:07:37,950
+Now here, it seems like he is in a struggle. The
+
+100
+00:07:37,950 --> 00:07:47,070
+poet is struggling, isn't he? With whom? With the
+
+101
+00:07:47,070 --> 00:07:54,430
+waves. So the poets attempt are foiled by, you
+
+102
+00:07:54,430 --> 00:08:02,170
+know, the restless waves. So waves here, are
+
+103
+00:08:02,170 --> 00:08:06,910
+personified. They are like a person, you see. One
+
+104
+00:08:06,910 --> 00:08:10,370
+day I wrote her name upon this land, but came the
+
+105
+00:08:10,370 --> 00:08:15,450
+waves and washed it away. So here, like the image
+
+106
+00:08:15,450 --> 00:08:20,370
+which is enacted here, it is enacted by, you know,
+
+107
+00:08:20,470 --> 00:08:23,670
+the personification itself. So we have an image of
+
+108
+00:08:23,670 --> 00:08:27,850
+somebody who was like trying to ride on the sand,
+
+109
+00:08:28,350 --> 00:08:33,180
+you know, to write the name of his wife, and then
+
+110
+00:08:33,180 --> 00:08:37,500
+suddenly the waves was challenging him, see? And
+
+111
+00:08:37,500 --> 00:08:40,760
+washed it away. So the waves here were introduced
+
+112
+00:08:40,760 --> 00:08:46,180
+like a person who was challenging, contesting the
+
+113
+00:08:46,180 --> 00:08:49,380
+poet's attempt. So this is a personification. And
+
+114
+00:08:49,380 --> 00:08:55,680
+washed in a way. Like wash, the word wash. Wash,
+
+115
+00:08:56,280 --> 00:09:03,130
+splash, what is this? Onomatopoeia, whoosh. It's
+
+116
+00:09:03,130 --> 00:09:09,490
+onomatopoeia to show how he was challenged. So
+
+117
+00:09:09,490 --> 00:09:13,970
+it's just, again, I wrote it with a second hand.
+
+118
+00:09:15,950 --> 00:09:18,370
+And even look, look at the shape of the lines.
+
+119
+00:09:19,610 --> 00:09:23,870
+Even though they are written in, the poem is
+
+120
+00:09:23,870 --> 00:09:27,750
+written in iambic pentameter, but still the lines
+
+121
+00:09:30,470 --> 00:09:35,390
+or imitate to some extent like the shape or the
+
+122
+00:09:35,390 --> 00:09:40,530
+form of the waves. Very interesting, huh? But came
+
+123
+00:09:40,530 --> 00:09:43,250
+the waves and washed it away. Again, I wrote it
+
+124
+00:09:43,250 --> 00:09:47,190
+with a second hand. But came the tide and made my
+
+125
+00:09:47,190 --> 00:09:51,290
+day. This is great. Yeah, the tide. What is the
+
+126
+00:09:51,290 --> 00:09:58,500
+tide? The tide? Again, it is the sea itself, the
+
+127
+00:09:58,500 --> 00:10:04,420
+sea, the waves. Yeah, but here, like, no, it is a
+
+128
+00:10:04,420 --> 00:10:10,060
+metaphor. You know, tide is like what? Like a
+
+129
+00:10:10,060 --> 00:10:14,700
+beast, a beast which is praying. Like, what is
+
+130
+00:10:14,700 --> 00:10:16,860
+praying? What is the beast? What is this beast
+
+131
+00:10:16,860 --> 00:10:22,140
+praying on? And yeah, but came the tide and made
+
+132
+00:10:22,140 --> 00:10:28,340
+my pains his prayer. So tide, which is the waves,
+
+133
+00:10:28,940 --> 00:10:34,520
+the sea, was like, you know, a wild animal which
+
+134
+00:10:34,520 --> 00:10:40,180
+was preying on the pain of. So yes, again, we have
+
+135
+00:10:40,180 --> 00:10:42,100
+a double metaphor here because, you know, the
+
+136
+00:10:42,100 --> 00:10:46,820
+pain, the efforts, you know, of the poet were like
+
+137
+00:10:46,820 --> 00:10:51,600
+a prey, you know? So he was, I mean, this wild
+
+138
+00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:57,840
+animal was preying on The pain of the poet. So I
+
+139
+00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:01,880
+think, you know, all of these metaphors, you know,
+
+140
+00:11:01,960 --> 00:11:07,160
+make us win our sympathy, and perhaps share the
+
+141
+00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:10,380
+poet, his experience. We share him the same
+
+142
+00:11:10,380 --> 00:11:13,860
+frustration, don't we? You know, when you try to
+
+143
+00:11:13,860 --> 00:11:16,060
+do like this, and then you're, you know, something
+
+144
+00:11:16,060 --> 00:11:19,820
+is challenging you, do you feel like sympathy for
+
+145
+00:11:19,820 --> 00:11:26,070
+the poet? Yeah, or not? Okay, yes. So if yes, if
+
+146
+00:11:26,070 --> 00:11:30,350
+this is perhaps a distinctive feature of lyrical
+
+147
+00:11:30,350 --> 00:11:34,250
+poetry, because lyrical poetry, great lyrical
+
+148
+00:11:34,250 --> 00:11:38,790
+poetry, is the poetry which allows this self
+
+149
+00:11:38,790 --> 00:11:42,270
+-identification. So great lyrical poetry, even
+
+150
+00:11:42,270 --> 00:11:46,630
+though it recounts a personal experience But, you
+
+151
+00:11:46,630 --> 00:11:50,790
+know, it is still like leave some space for us to
+
+152
+00:11:50,790 --> 00:11:54,510
+identify with the poet. You see what I mean? This
+
+153
+00:11:54,510 --> 00:11:57,210
+is like great poetry. Yeah, it is personal
+
+154
+00:11:57,210 --> 00:12:00,750
+experience. However, like it gives some space to
+
+155
+00:12:00,750 --> 00:12:03,250
+identify. We feel that we are part of the
+
+156
+00:12:03,250 --> 00:12:06,990
+experience, don't we? Good. So this is a
+
+157
+00:12:06,990 --> 00:12:11,910
+distinctive feature of lyrical poetry. Good, I'm
+
+158
+00:12:11,910 --> 00:12:14,390
+doing it line by line, but I think, you know, when
+
+159
+00:12:14,390 --> 00:12:18,630
+we conduct written analysis, we have to see, you
+
+160
+00:12:18,630 --> 00:12:21,790
+know, the whole picture. But here we're going line
+
+161
+00:12:21,790 --> 00:12:26,210
+by line in order to see, like, to explore the
+
+162
+00:12:26,210 --> 00:12:30,350
+aesthetics of this lovely sunnah. Is it lovely?
+
+163
+00:12:32,510 --> 00:12:37,150
+Okay, you have to say why it is lovely. A bit like
+
+164
+00:12:37,150 --> 00:12:38,230
+all of you read it aloud?
+
+165
+00:12:40,980 --> 00:12:45,460
+We said last time, you read it aloud or not? And
+
+166
+00:12:45,460 --> 00:12:50,520
+how did it turn out? Very fascinating, yeah? One
+
+167
+00:12:50,520 --> 00:12:53,600
+day I wrote her name upon the strand, but came the
+
+168
+00:12:53,600 --> 00:12:56,960
+waves and washed it away. Again, I wrote it with a
+
+169
+00:12:56,960 --> 00:13:01,240
+second hand, but came the tide and made my paints
+
+170
+00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:06,180
+spray. Very sad. A, A, you know? Even the rhyme,
+
+171
+00:13:06,500 --> 00:13:10,640
+the choice of the words. Look at the vowels, away.
+
+172
+00:13:11,020 --> 00:13:15,700
+It's like somebody who is sighing, complaining. So
+
+173
+00:13:15,700 --> 00:13:19,300
+the rhyme, you know, the choice of the rhyming
+
+174
+00:13:19,300 --> 00:13:25,760
+words are full of vowels. You know, yes. But came
+
+175
+00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:29,500
+the tide, the tide again, you said time, because
+
+176
+00:13:29,500 --> 00:13:32,680
+in the Elizabethan time, you know, and this is
+
+177
+00:13:32,680 --> 00:13:36,940
+like an example of a pun, because tide meant the
+
+178
+00:13:36,940 --> 00:13:41,460
+sea itself, It was a metonymy of the sea. And at
+
+179
+00:13:41,460 --> 00:13:44,780
+the same time, it is a pun, which it meant time.
+
+180
+00:13:45,540 --> 00:13:52,320
+Time in the Elizabethan period
+
+181
+00:13:52,320 --> 00:13:58,830
+was viewed as a ruthless, wild, fierce animal.
+
+182
+00:13:59,030 --> 00:14:01,830
+We're going to see this in many of Shakespeare's
+
+183
+00:14:01,830 --> 00:14:04,710
+sonnets, how they challenged the time. And like,
+
+184
+00:14:04,850 --> 00:14:07,570
+they thought that time was interchangeable with
+
+185
+00:14:07,570 --> 00:14:12,030
+death. So time was an end to every, you know,
+
+186
+00:14:12,110 --> 00:14:16,690
+glorious dream. Time was an end to every happy and
+
+187
+00:14:16,690 --> 00:14:20,870
+joyful thing. So, you know, they were concerned
+
+188
+00:14:20,870 --> 00:14:24,170
+about time and they wanted to find a way how to
+
+189
+00:14:24,170 --> 00:14:28,710
+challenge that time. Of course, Now, for us as
+
+190
+00:14:28,710 --> 00:14:33,250
+Muslims, we don't have this worry at all. We don't
+
+191
+00:14:33,250 --> 00:14:37,950
+have this worry because we have a clear image of
+
+192
+00:14:37,950 --> 00:14:46,010
+the life thereafter. Good. Now, like as we said,
+
+193
+00:14:46,070 --> 00:14:52,810
+the lady was watching him. And when she found out
+
+194
+00:14:52,810 --> 00:14:57,640
+that he was doing this, she just jumped and said,
+
+195
+00:14:58,420 --> 00:15:04,300
+vain man, said she. That does in vain a say. A
+
+196
+00:15:04,300 --> 00:15:07,720
+say, you know, like tribe. And this is a French,
+
+197
+00:15:08,060 --> 00:15:12,580
+you know, verb. You know, English language is full
+
+198
+00:15:12,580 --> 00:15:15,980
+of French words. Like English language, you know,
+
+199
+00:15:16,020 --> 00:15:18,260
+because we're talking about like three centuries
+
+200
+00:15:18,260 --> 00:15:22,520
+of, you know, French culture, French language, you
+
+201
+00:15:22,520 --> 00:15:26,030
+know. We remember, I think you studied at some
+
+202
+00:15:26,030 --> 00:15:29,830
+point William the Conqueror, like, you know,
+
+203
+00:15:29,990 --> 00:15:32,890
+England was occupied, you know, when it was tribes
+
+204
+00:15:32,890 --> 00:15:36,110
+by the French for three centuries and English
+
+205
+00:15:36,110 --> 00:15:39,970
+became the same language. But here, like, the
+
+206
+00:15:39,970 --> 00:15:44,030
+English when they are using, you know, like some
+
+207
+00:15:44,030 --> 00:15:47,490
+French words, they are decorating, ornamenting.
+
+208
+00:15:47,750 --> 00:15:51,770
+They are showing how they are you know, erudite,
+
+209
+00:15:52,010 --> 00:15:54,450
+how they are, you know what's mean erudite? Highly
+
+210
+00:15:54,450 --> 00:15:58,470
+educated, you see? Yeah, pedantic. They are not
+
+211
+00:15:58,470 --> 00:16:00,890
+pedantic, but they want to show erudite. The
+
+212
+00:16:00,890 --> 00:16:04,810
+paradox is, like the French, you know, do not want
+
+213
+00:16:04,810 --> 00:16:07,910
+to show off by speaking English. You see, this is
+
+214
+00:16:07,910 --> 00:16:12,390
+the paradox. In England, it is like, it's a good
+
+215
+00:16:12,390 --> 00:16:15,190
+thing that you know French. It's a kind of, you
+
+216
+00:16:15,190 --> 00:16:18,390
+know, civilization. It's the kind of etiquette.
+
+217
+00:16:18,730 --> 00:16:21,390
+But in French, You know, in France, it's the
+
+218
+00:16:21,390 --> 00:16:23,530
+opposite. Do you know what I mean? I don't know.
+
+219
+00:16:24,310 --> 00:16:29,410
+Good. Vain man said she that thus in vain I say, a
+
+220
+00:16:29,410 --> 00:16:32,630
+mortal thing, so to immortalize. So here, the
+
+221
+00:16:32,630 --> 00:16:36,290
+lady, you know, it's the first time we hear the
+
+222
+00:16:36,290 --> 00:16:39,850
+voice of the lady. Vain man said she that thus in
+
+223
+00:16:39,850 --> 00:16:43,870
+vain I say, a mortal thing, so to immortalize. For
+
+224
+00:16:43,870 --> 00:16:50,540
+I myself shall like to this decay. and eek my name
+
+225
+00:16:50,540 --> 00:16:55,160
+by out likewise. So it is something which is
+
+226
+00:16:55,160 --> 00:16:59,740
+discouraging for the poet, you know? Veinman. And
+
+227
+00:16:59,740 --> 00:17:03,800
+again here, Veinman will find that later, you
+
+228
+00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:06,900
+know, the whole poem is written in iambic
+
+229
+00:17:06,900 --> 00:17:10,440
+pentameter. And this is the only spondee in the
+
+230
+00:17:10,440 --> 00:17:13,900
+poem. You know, most of the poem is written In
+
+231
+00:17:13,900 --> 00:17:18,320
+iambic, one day I wrote her name upon the strand.
+
+232
+00:17:18,400 --> 00:17:21,200
+It goes like this, iambic pentameter. But this is
+
+233
+00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:24,980
+the only spondee. Sorry, this is the only spondee.
+
+234
+00:17:25,060 --> 00:17:28,860
+It is double stressed. You know, vain man, vain
+
+235
+00:17:28,860 --> 00:17:33,220
+man. You know, like, you know, she was trying like
+
+236
+00:17:33,220 --> 00:17:36,440
+to underestimate his efforts. Vain man, she wanted
+
+237
+00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:40,260
+to stress her assumption. Yeah, that what you are
+
+238
+00:17:40,260 --> 00:17:45,440
+doing is like useless. Vain man should see that
+
+239
+00:17:45,440 --> 00:17:49,560
+thus in vain a say, like the word vain, it has to
+
+240
+00:17:49,560 --> 00:17:53,240
+do, it is associated with, you know, uselessness.
+
+241
+00:17:53,340 --> 00:17:56,300
+It is associated with futility, you know, sort of
+
+242
+00:17:56,300 --> 00:18:00,140
+futility? Futility, like uselessness.
+
+243
+00:18:02,280 --> 00:18:06,300
+Vain man should see that thus in vain a say, a
+
+244
+00:18:06,300 --> 00:18:14,420
+mortal thing, so to immortalize. You're trying To
+
+245
+00:18:14,420 --> 00:18:17,320
+immortalize a mortal thing. Now, a mortal thing,
+
+246
+00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:20,580
+she's referring to what? It's a metonymy. It's a
+
+247
+00:18:20,580 --> 00:18:26,460
+metonymy of the body itself. And the body, in the
+
+248
+00:18:26,460 --> 00:18:29,360
+Mesopotamian time, the body was seen as something
+
+249
+00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:34,500
+inferior, which is liable to decay. A mortal
+
+250
+00:18:34,500 --> 00:18:39,300
+thing, so to immortalize, for I myself shall like
+
+251
+00:18:39,300 --> 00:18:45,020
+this decay and eat. my name be wiped out likewise.
+
+252
+00:18:45,620 --> 00:18:49,380
+So the name is like something written, unlike it,
+
+253
+00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:53,400
+you know, it was the waves, unlike a teacher who
+
+254
+00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:56,820
+wipes out, like, you know, the board once he's
+
+255
+00:18:56,820 --> 00:19:01,460
+done. It's very dramatic. I mean, here, having the
+
+256
+00:19:01,460 --> 00:19:06,160
+voice of the, you know, the lady, you know, adds
+
+257
+00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:12,080
+another, you know, You know, another trajectory to
+
+258
+00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:15,620
+the poem, because it starts with dramatic, sorry,
+
+259
+00:19:15,740 --> 00:19:18,060
+with the narrative, and now it's getting more
+
+260
+00:19:18,060 --> 00:19:18,760
+dramatic.
+
+261
+00:19:21,320 --> 00:19:25,060
+Now, of course, the poet who was trying to write
+
+262
+00:19:25,060 --> 00:19:30,340
+was not convinced with what she said. So, not so,
+
+263
+00:19:30,820 --> 00:19:37,490
+not so, not so, kutai. Now it's a challenge. Not
+
+264
+00:19:37,490 --> 00:19:42,870
+so. Kotae. Kotae, it's like, Lit Baezer thinks
+
+265
+00:19:42,870 --> 00:19:46,810
+device. Like Baezer, he's talking about the body.
+
+266
+00:19:47,170 --> 00:19:50,270
+The body was seen. Again, this is Baezer. Like the
+
+267
+00:19:50,270 --> 00:19:52,350
+body, you know, what is connected to the body was
+
+268
+00:19:52,350 --> 00:19:55,390
+seen in the Leibnizian time as something base,
+
+269
+00:19:55,550 --> 00:19:59,730
+which is liable to decay. Lit Baezer thinks die,
+
+270
+00:20:00,150 --> 00:20:08,720
+to die in dust. But you shall live. by fame. So
+
+271
+00:20:08,720 --> 00:20:16,580
+fame here, you know, is like, you know, a patron,
+
+272
+00:20:16,820 --> 00:20:19,280
+like something, yeah, it's something, we have a
+
+273
+00:20:19,280 --> 00:20:21,940
+metaphor here. Fame, like it's something which
+
+274
+00:20:21,940 --> 00:20:28,920
+secures, you know, the existence of life. To die
+
+275
+00:20:28,920 --> 00:20:33,630
+in dust, but you shall live by fame. My verse,
+
+276
+00:20:33,790 --> 00:20:39,770
+your virtues rare shall eternize. Wow. My verse,
+
+277
+00:20:39,890 --> 00:20:44,650
+your virtues rare. My verse. Look at the
+
+278
+00:20:44,650 --> 00:20:50,090
+fricatives here. My verse, your virtues. You know,
+
+279
+00:20:50,110 --> 00:20:54,250
+because here he is assertive. So the alteration
+
+280
+00:20:54,250 --> 00:21:00,690
+here, you know, like has to do with the attitude
+
+281
+00:21:00,690 --> 00:21:04,690
+of the poet. which is very assertive. Now he's
+
+282
+00:21:04,690 --> 00:21:10,230
+challenging. My verse, your virtues rare shall
+
+283
+00:21:10,230 --> 00:21:14,730
+eternize. I know like your virtues, like it should
+
+284
+00:21:14,730 --> 00:21:19,290
+be your rare virtues. But the poet here, you know,
+
+285
+00:21:19,770 --> 00:21:23,330
+like reverses the order. And this is, you know,
+
+286
+00:21:23,890 --> 00:21:27,410
+perhaps he was doing this after Chaucer. And
+
+287
+00:21:27,410 --> 00:21:31,670
+later, this is going to be a poetic diction Like
+
+288
+00:21:31,670 --> 00:21:36,710
+when you use the adjective like Arabic after it's
+
+289
+00:21:36,710 --> 00:21:40,110
+part of the poetic diction, it was a poetic
+
+290
+00:21:40,110 --> 00:21:43,450
+practices. We're going to see it later when we
+
+291
+00:21:43,450 --> 00:21:48,070
+discuss the Daya Classical, because they thought
+
+292
+00:21:48,070 --> 00:21:51,990
+that poetry should adhere to the norms of the
+
+293
+00:21:51,990 --> 00:21:55,050
+poetic diction. So, to die in dust, but you shall
+
+294
+00:21:55,050 --> 00:21:59,750
+live by faith. My verse, your virtue's rare, shall
+
+295
+00:21:59,750 --> 00:22:04,670
+eternize. Shal. Shal. You know, what is shal?
+
+296
+00:22:04,830 --> 00:22:07,950
+Like, shal is a modern verb. But what do we use
+
+297
+00:22:07,950 --> 00:22:12,750
+shal for? Look at the syntax here. We use shal for
+
+298
+00:22:12,750 --> 00:22:18,410
+what? For promises. Shal. So he's vowing. You
+
+299
+00:22:18,410 --> 00:22:21,290
+know, he's pledging. You know what's pledge? To
+
+300
+00:22:21,290 --> 00:22:27,690
+pledge, to vow. So pledge. He's vowing. He's
+
+301
+00:22:27,690 --> 00:22:31,910
+vowing that, you know, her poetry shall eternize,
+
+302
+00:22:32,870 --> 00:22:36,510
+you know, her poetry, you know, is going to
+
+303
+00:22:36,510 --> 00:22:41,450
+preserve, you know, or let's say to conserve, you
+
+304
+00:22:41,450 --> 00:22:45,270
+know, because conserve is on a longer term, to
+
+305
+00:22:45,270 --> 00:22:50,530
+conserve her virtues. Now, of course, here, you
+
+306
+00:22:50,530 --> 00:22:53,050
+know, it's a, it's a tribute to the lady because
+
+307
+00:22:53,050 --> 00:22:56,010
+it seems that the lady or his wife was full of
+
+308
+00:22:56,010 --> 00:23:00,890
+virtues. She was, you know, Elizabeth Pulley, I
+
+309
+00:23:00,890 --> 00:23:05,950
+think, you know, his mother was Elizabeth, his
+
+310
+00:23:05,950 --> 00:23:09,130
+wife was Elizabeth, and the queen, the queen was
+
+311
+00:23:09,130 --> 00:23:11,850
+Elizabeth. So he wrote a poem in which he
+
+312
+00:23:11,850 --> 00:23:15,990
+mentioned the three Elizabeth, you know? Okay, my
+
+313
+00:23:15,990 --> 00:23:19,090
+verse, your virtue's rare, shall eternize. I
+
+314
+00:23:19,090 --> 00:23:22,250
+think, you know, a woman like this should feel
+
+315
+00:23:22,250 --> 00:23:26,430
+very gratified and very you know, grateful to a
+
+316
+00:23:26,430 --> 00:23:30,150
+husband who thinks of this way, you know. My
+
+317
+00:23:30,150 --> 00:23:34,130
+verse, your virtuous verse shall eternize and in
+
+318
+00:23:34,130 --> 00:23:39,730
+the heavens, and in the heavens, write, you know,
+
+319
+00:23:39,790 --> 00:23:46,930
+your glorious name, you know. Look here, in the
+
+320
+00:23:46,930 --> 00:23:50,750
+heaven, like it's an assumption. In the heaven,
+
+321
+00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:57,110
+write your glorious name. So how come this is, you
+
+322
+00:23:57,110 --> 00:24:02,170
+know, a metonymy? A metonymy of what? Metonymy,
+
+323
+00:24:02,490 --> 00:24:04,050
+you know, metonymy.
+
+324
+00:24:10,850 --> 00:24:18,780
+Metonymy, you know, of what? Of his poetry. So
+
+325
+00:24:18,780 --> 00:24:21,520
+what is what will be written in heaven? What is
+
+326
+00:24:21,520 --> 00:24:24,440
+the thing that will go to heaven according to the
+
+327
+00:24:24,440 --> 00:24:29,000
+Zabithian? It is poetry. Why? Because poetry is
+
+328
+00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:34,720
+inspired by the muse. Yes, what do you want to
+
+329
+00:24:34,720 --> 00:24:38,760
+say? I wanted to say that poetry is a heavenly
+
+330
+00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:42,620
+art. A heavenly art on what? A heavenly art that
+
+331
+00:24:42,620 --> 00:24:45,900
+was inspired by the goddess of inspiration, which
+
+332
+00:24:45,900 --> 00:24:51,190
+is the muse. Okay, yes. The same idea. So, like,
+
+333
+00:24:51,570 --> 00:24:55,070
+because it is divine, so it should be written in
+
+334
+00:24:55,070 --> 00:24:58,510
+heaven. And in heaven write your glorious name.
+
+335
+00:25:01,770 --> 00:25:05,530
+And then, like, I think we have to move, you know,
+
+336
+00:25:05,630 --> 00:25:14,410
+to the, sorry, the couplet. The couplet. I think
+
+337
+00:25:14,410 --> 00:25:19,130
+now, by now, we're not going to be surprised by
+
+338
+00:25:19,130 --> 00:25:21,930
+the couplet. Are we surprised by the couplet?
+
+339
+00:25:22,670 --> 00:25:27,050
+Because, you know, the poet taught us, you know,
+
+340
+00:25:27,570 --> 00:25:31,930
+how he's going to like, or what he's going to do.
+
+341
+00:25:32,530 --> 00:25:38,290
+So, the couplet comes like what? So what is the
+
+342
+00:25:38,290 --> 00:25:42,970
+value of the couplet? Whereas, whereas death shall
+
+343
+00:25:42,970 --> 00:25:47,150
+all the worlds of you, our Lord shall live, And
+
+344
+00:25:47,150 --> 00:25:50,350
+later, like, you know. So, what is like the
+
+345
+00:25:50,350 --> 00:25:52,650
+function of the couplet here? Like in Shakespeare,
+
+346
+00:25:53,290 --> 00:25:58,410
+the couplet was, you know, like he was presenting
+
+347
+00:25:58,410 --> 00:26:02,290
+a solution. So, I mean, and that was like
+
+348
+00:26:02,290 --> 00:26:04,710
+Shakespeare, and we see that in the poems we are
+
+349
+00:26:04,710 --> 00:26:07,270
+studying. But do you think here he's given a
+
+350
+00:26:07,270 --> 00:26:09,870
+solution? So he is?
+
+351
+00:26:17,270 --> 00:26:20,590
+Yeah, but this is the assertion that is happening
+
+352
+00:26:20,590 --> 00:26:24,410
+here Yeah, think what he's doing here. Why is he
+
+353
+00:26:24,410 --> 00:26:27,130
+here? What's happening in the final couple? What
+
+354
+00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:27,590
+is happening?
+
+355
+00:26:30,530 --> 00:26:34,630
+Where winners death shall all the worse of you I
+
+356
+00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:41,540
+Our love shall live and they shall die. Wow. Yes?
+
+357
+00:26:41,740 --> 00:26:44,280
+He's moving from the mundane existence to
+
+358
+00:26:44,280 --> 00:26:49,320
+something more eternal. He's asserting also that
+
+359
+00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:52,880
+the poetry and the verse is going to transcend
+
+360
+00:26:52,880 --> 00:26:56,820
+everything. I like the word transcend. Everything
+
+361
+00:26:56,820 --> 00:27:00,280
+that is pure. Yeah. Poetry has the power to
+
+362
+00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:05,260
+transcend. Yeah, but like I think this is clear
+
+363
+00:27:05,260 --> 00:27:08,040
+here. My verse, your verse is, you know, and he's
+
+364
+00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:11,360
+going to write her name in heaven. See? It is
+
+365
+00:27:11,360 --> 00:27:13,560
+here. So what is he doing here in the couplet?
+
+366
+00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:18,720
+What is the function of the couplet? Yes. I think,
+
+367
+00:27:18,820 --> 00:27:22,020
+you know, if you look at it closely, he
+
+368
+00:27:22,020 --> 00:27:26,740
+reiterates, he reiterates, like says again,
+
+369
+00:27:27,280 --> 00:27:32,760
+reiterates what
+
+370
+00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:38,520
+he said earlier. He explicates, he explains, you
+
+371
+00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:43,220
+know, like his decision in, you know, the
+
+372
+00:27:43,220 --> 00:27:47,880
+equatorial, where, where, whereas, death shall all
+
+373
+00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:53,860
+the world subdue, our love shall live, and later,
+
+374
+00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:58,980
+he's elaborating how he's going to write her name.
+
+375
+00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:04,330
+So, yeah, the cockpit here is not, Very essential
+
+376
+00:28:04,330 --> 00:28:06,810
+part, like what we are going to see in
+
+377
+00:28:06,810 --> 00:28:10,210
+Shakespeare, but it is like of, you know,
+
+378
+00:28:10,590 --> 00:28:14,070
+argumenting, it gives the shape of the sonnet, but
+
+379
+00:28:14,070 --> 00:28:18,030
+as you see, he's elaborating, he's explaining, you
+
+380
+00:28:18,030 --> 00:28:21,430
+know? He doesn't surprise us by giving us the
+
+381
+00:28:21,430 --> 00:28:25,690
+solution here. So, whereas death shall all the
+
+382
+00:28:25,690 --> 00:28:30,670
+worlds subdue. Death here is capitalized, why?
+
+383
+00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:36,880
+It's capitalized. Death was the main concern of
+
+384
+00:28:36,880 --> 00:28:40,540
+the media. You know, all of you still remember
+
+385
+00:28:40,540 --> 00:28:45,120
+those who studied Hamlet. To be or not to be. Not
+
+386
+00:28:45,120 --> 00:28:49,160
+to be is to die. And nobody, you know, came after
+
+387
+00:28:49,160 --> 00:28:51,720
+death to tell us. So there was, you know, they
+
+388
+00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:53,980
+were panicking, you know, they were, you know,
+
+389
+00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:58,820
+death was like, oh my God, it was a great power.
+
+390
+00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:03,780
+And Shakespeare, other poets, you know, Marlow, of
+
+391
+00:29:03,780 --> 00:29:08,820
+lithium were preoccupied by the idea of death. So
+
+392
+00:29:08,820 --> 00:29:13,080
+I think capitalizing here death is what? Is it a
+
+393
+00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:16,460
+metaphor? Is it a personification or what? What's
+
+394
+00:29:16,460 --> 00:29:20,160
+being subdued by anybody? To subdue, like control
+
+395
+00:29:20,160 --> 00:29:23,500
+somebody. To subjugate somebody, subdue.
+
+396
+00:29:24,020 --> 00:29:27,700
+Subjugate, suppress. So whereas when death shall
+
+397
+00:29:27,700 --> 00:29:31,380
+over the world subdue. What figure of speech is
+
+398
+00:29:31,380 --> 00:29:31,620
+this?
+
+399
+00:29:34,910 --> 00:29:39,310
+It is a personification. Thank you. It's a
+
+400
+00:29:39,310 --> 00:29:43,030
+personification. So death is like, you know, a
+
+401
+00:29:43,030 --> 00:29:48,470
+person who tries to control, you know, shall all
+
+402
+00:29:48,470 --> 00:29:54,030
+the world subdue. Our, you know, our love shall
+
+403
+00:29:54,030 --> 00:29:59,270
+live. Our love shall live. You know, so it's the
+
+404
+00:29:59,270 --> 00:30:01,250
+only thing which will not be subdued.
+
+405
+00:30:03,620 --> 00:30:08,300
+and later life renew, wow. So it is honoring.
+
+406
+00:30:08,820 --> 00:30:11,000
+Later, you know, I want our love to transcend
+
+407
+00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:15,760
+this, then, because we're talking about, you know,
+
+408
+00:30:16,420 --> 00:30:20,160
+a life which is renewed. The human life, you know,
+
+409
+00:30:20,640 --> 00:30:25,140
+is a life which renew, which keeps renewing.
+
+410
+00:30:25,860 --> 00:30:29,300
+Because it is like, we're talking about
+
+411
+00:30:29,300 --> 00:30:30,060
+immortality.
+
+412
+00:30:33,050 --> 00:30:36,310
+You know, the time of immortality is renewed. Why?
+
+413
+00:30:36,450 --> 00:30:39,750
+Because it moves in a circle, you know? It is a
+
+414
+00:30:39,750 --> 00:30:44,350
+cyclic. So it never ends. It never ends because it
+
+415
+00:30:44,350 --> 00:30:50,350
+is, you know, it keeps renewing. Well, whereas
+
+416
+00:30:50,350 --> 00:30:54,890
+death shall all the worlds subdue. Our love shall
+
+417
+00:30:54,890 --> 00:31:00,890
+live. Shall live. Again, he's vowing. Again, he's
+
+418
+00:31:00,890 --> 00:31:08,440
+pledging. Our love shall live and play by radio.
+
+419
+00:31:09,040 --> 00:31:17,460
+Of course, shell radio. You see? I think we should
+
+420
+00:31:17,460 --> 00:31:24,660
+appreciate a poet who is making a poem like this.
+
+421
+00:31:26,780 --> 00:31:32,910
+It's a solid. But again, it is not. Is that a
+
+422
+00:31:32,910 --> 00:31:37,770
+particular sonnet? Yes, a man like me. What do you
+
+423
+00:31:37,770 --> 00:31:39,990
+want to say about the sonnet? There is something
+
+424
+00:31:39,990 --> 00:31:45,410
+about the sonnet around Spencer. Spencer made a
+
+425
+00:31:45,410 --> 00:31:47,810
+new kind of verse, a new kind of sonnet, which is
+
+426
+00:31:47,810 --> 00:31:50,730
+called after him, Spencerian Sonnet. Wow. You
+
+427
+00:31:50,730 --> 00:31:53,870
+know, we're talking about a poet who molded, you
+
+428
+00:31:53,870 --> 00:31:56,290
+know, an English form of that sonnet. And this is,
+
+429
+00:31:56,330 --> 00:31:59,250
+you know, something new. He merged the
+
+430
+00:31:59,250 --> 00:32:02,490
+Shakespearean kind of sonnet with the Petrarchan.
+
+431
+00:32:02,910 --> 00:32:04,470
+The Shakespearean in the sense that it is... Did
+
+432
+00:32:04,470 --> 00:32:06,330
+he want to say that he paved the way for
+
+433
+00:32:06,330 --> 00:32:10,630
+Shakespeare? No, he merged the Shakespearean with
+
+434
+00:32:10,630 --> 00:32:14,870
+the Petrarchan, so he made his whole new thing.
+
+435
+00:32:15,390 --> 00:32:17,570
+Like, it is Shakespearean in the sense that it's
+
+436
+00:32:17,570 --> 00:32:19,670
+three quadrants and a couplet, but it is
+
+437
+00:32:19,670 --> 00:32:21,630
+Petrarchan in the sense that he does not give the
+
+438
+00:32:21,630 --> 00:32:26,360
+resolution at the end of the poem. Very good, so
+
+439
+00:32:26,360 --> 00:32:29,360
+this is, you know, an interesting point, like
+
+440
+00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:32,660
+image the two, you know, the Petrarchia, and it's
+
+441
+00:32:32,660 --> 00:32:35,980
+like something unique, you know, because, like,
+
+442
+00:32:36,520 --> 00:32:42,160
+how you, like, still keep to the tradition, you
+
+443
+00:32:42,160 --> 00:32:44,700
+know, of the four, but you use the Petrarchia, but
+
+444
+00:32:44,700 --> 00:32:47,880
+you change, this is a challenge, isn't it? But he
+
+445
+00:32:47,880 --> 00:32:51,540
+was not as confident as Shakespeare, you know? I
+
+446
+00:32:51,540 --> 00:32:55,240
+think he was argumentative. You know look here you
+
+447
+00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:59,080
+seem like to have said the line is like what a B a
+
+448
+00:32:59,080 --> 00:33:02,400
+B Yes, and and that was common for most of his
+
+449
+00:33:02,400 --> 00:33:07,160
+sonics a B a B B C B C C B C B E E But for this
+
+450
+00:33:07,160 --> 00:33:12,180
+particular sonnet Do you think that this? line a B
+
+451
+00:33:12,180 --> 00:33:18,680
+a B B C B C you know it is is it like you know
+
+452
+00:33:18,680 --> 00:33:23,060
+suitable for the atmosphere of the poem, the
+
+453
+00:33:23,060 --> 00:33:25,560
+movement of the waves, or not. Yes, it is very
+
+454
+00:33:25,560 --> 00:33:28,540
+suitable. And it is some sort of smoothing the
+
+455
+00:33:28,540 --> 00:33:31,240
+background of the argument that is some sort of
+
+456
+00:33:31,240 --> 00:33:33,960
+here cruel, and then it goes cyclic, and then at
+
+457
+00:33:33,960 --> 00:33:36,600
+the end it goes again cyclic. And it was very
+
+458
+00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:42,140
+suitable for it. Great. And there is something I
+
+459
+00:33:42,140 --> 00:33:46,100
+wanted to say. I'm sorry. I forgot. You want to
+
+460
+00:33:46,100 --> 00:33:50,610
+talk about this poem, B, itself? Yes, it goes all
+
+461
+00:33:50,610 --> 00:33:54,930
+I am, at the end, unstressed, stressed. And then
+
+462
+00:33:54,930 --> 00:33:58,430
+it is only here, Spondy, as you've said, because
+
+463
+00:33:58,430 --> 00:34:01,850
+of the cruelty of the woman when she says a vain
+
+464
+00:34:01,850 --> 00:34:06,330
+man to him, addressing him to his face. And that
+
+465
+00:34:06,330 --> 00:34:09,410
+is... So all the poem, you know, is written in
+
+466
+00:34:09,410 --> 00:34:13,010
+iambic pentameter. And today I sent you a sketch
+
+467
+00:34:13,010 --> 00:34:17,950
+of the poem. If you just like refer to my page,
+
+468
+00:34:18,230 --> 00:34:22,350
+You know, I just like posted for you something, a
+
+469
+00:34:22,350 --> 00:34:26,570
+link called, you know, Rhythm in this sonnet, and
+
+470
+00:34:26,570 --> 00:34:29,270
+it is compared with Shakespeare. So we find that
+
+471
+00:34:29,270 --> 00:34:32,130
+the poem is written in iambic pentameter. It is
+
+472
+00:34:32,130 --> 00:34:35,710
+very musical. The only variation, as we said, this
+
+473
+00:34:35,710 --> 00:34:38,790
+one, because it is, you know, she's a woman, like
+
+474
+00:34:38,790 --> 00:34:42,270
+she's reacting, you know, or she's responding to
+
+475
+00:34:42,270 --> 00:34:45,270
+his attempts, so she was trying to be more
+
+476
+00:34:45,270 --> 00:34:51,500
+assertive. So she was using this poor thing. Do
+
+477
+00:34:51,500 --> 00:34:55,460
+you want to add anything, Mike? Okay, but let's
+
+478
+00:34:55,460 --> 00:35:00,980
+like, I didn't cover everything. I think we are
+
+479
+00:35:00,980 --> 00:35:06,420
+waiting for their wonderful contributions, yes. So
+
+480
+00:35:06,420 --> 00:35:11,320
+what is the theme? What is the theme? What is the
+
+481
+00:35:11,320 --> 00:35:16,060
+possible theme? Mortality and immortality? You
+
+482
+00:35:16,060 --> 00:35:19,540
+know? Yes? A challenge of life. A challenge, you
+
+483
+00:35:19,540 --> 00:35:23,540
+know, like... Okay, you have to be more specific.
+
+484
+00:35:24,280 --> 00:35:27,480
+So, the challenges of life, you mean? Poetry
+
+485
+00:35:27,480 --> 00:35:30,060
+itself. Poetry itself? The function and the
+
+486
+00:35:30,060 --> 00:35:32,180
+significance. The function of poetry? Of verse.
+
+487
+00:35:32,500 --> 00:35:36,700
+What else? Yes? The dreadful impact of the death.
+
+488
+00:35:37,500 --> 00:35:41,900
+Yeah, the preoccupation of death. Death and, like,
+
+489
+00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:46,180
+how to challenge death. Yeah. You know? This could
+
+490
+00:35:46,180 --> 00:35:49,520
+be like what you said, all of what you said could
+
+491
+00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:55,120
+be summarized in a very, you know, common theme of
+
+492
+00:35:55,120 --> 00:35:57,980
+the Elizabethan time, which was called mutability
+
+493
+00:35:57,980 --> 00:36:00,200
+theme. Mutability theme.
+
+494
+00:36:05,400 --> 00:36:08,380
+Yeah, nothing was, you know, mutability, like
+
+495
+00:36:08,380 --> 00:36:11,400
+things were changing, changing, and that was a
+
+496
+00:36:11,400 --> 00:36:13,880
+concern. So most of the Elizabethan, the
+
+497
+00:36:13,880 --> 00:36:17,270
+Elizabethan time was a prosperous age, you know,
+
+498
+00:36:17,570 --> 00:36:20,990
+it was an age of advance in every field of life.
+
+499
+00:36:21,410 --> 00:36:23,910
+And, you know, there was a concern about
+
+500
+00:36:23,910 --> 00:36:26,690
+mutability. There was a concern about death. We'll
+
+501
+00:36:26,690 --> 00:36:29,870
+see this, you know, in the poem of Marlow next
+
+502
+00:36:29,870 --> 00:36:32,510
+time and running. Because next time we're going to
+
+503
+00:36:32,510 --> 00:36:35,650
+discuss Marlow and running. And I expect you to
+
+504
+00:36:35,650 --> 00:36:38,810
+write a good response to Marlow. So yes, it's a
+
+505
+00:36:38,810 --> 00:36:43,490
+mutability theme. However, you know, we can say it
+
+506
+00:36:43,490 --> 00:36:47,030
+could be about the immortality of verse could be
+
+507
+00:36:47,030 --> 00:36:51,670
+about, yes, immortality of verse itself, like
+
+508
+00:36:51,670 --> 00:36:57,070
+Spencer's verse. And here he wants to show that
+
+509
+00:36:57,070 --> 00:37:01,430
+his verse, he's celebrating his verse. He's
+
+510
+00:37:01,430 --> 00:37:05,010
+celebrating himself. And as you see here, he is
+
+511
+00:37:05,010 --> 00:37:09,690
+celebrating an emergent
+
+512
+00:37:11,500 --> 00:37:17,580
+which is the value of individualism. So here, you
+
+513
+00:37:17,580 --> 00:37:21,320
+see, he's not submitting, he's not, you know,
+
+514
+00:37:22,040 --> 00:37:25,680
+giving in. He thinks he has something to share
+
+515
+00:37:25,680 --> 00:37:29,640
+with. He, as an individual, he has a personal
+
+516
+00:37:29,640 --> 00:37:33,160
+initiative. And this is what, you know, this is a
+
+517
+00:37:33,160 --> 00:37:36,300
+new value. This is an Elizabethan value. It is the
+
+518
+00:37:36,300 --> 00:37:41,440
+value of individualism. The poets are coming out,
+
+519
+00:37:41,560 --> 00:37:44,640
+saying, yeah, we have something to say. And this
+
+520
+00:37:44,640 --> 00:37:49,200
+fits with the whole epistemology of the time,
+
+521
+00:37:49,300 --> 00:37:52,460
+which is humanism. I think it's a wonderful point.
+
+522
+00:37:52,540 --> 00:37:55,080
+Yes, Alaa, what do you want to say? I think it's
+
+523
+00:37:55,080 --> 00:37:59,420
+maybe that starting in stanza with the same rhyme
+
+524
+00:37:59,420 --> 00:38:03,900
+that we entered in the previous stanza is one
+
+525
+00:38:03,900 --> 00:38:07,640
+aspect of the renewing. Maybe. This is an
+
+526
+00:38:07,640 --> 00:38:09,910
+addition. Thank you, Ola. Because here we're
+
+527
+00:38:09,910 --> 00:38:15,210
+talking about, you know, like a connected thing.
+
+528
+00:38:15,430 --> 00:38:23,530
+So A, B, A, B, then B, C. So there is connection
+
+529
+00:38:23,530 --> 00:38:27,450
+here. You know, there is connection. So the whole
+
+530
+00:38:27,450 --> 00:38:30,130
+line is connected like this. And this has to do
+
+531
+00:38:30,390 --> 00:38:33,310
+Was there anyone? Okay, what a wonderful idea.
+
+532
+00:38:33,510 --> 00:38:35,750
+Yes, Jan? Yeah, I feel like also because we said
+
+533
+00:38:35,750 --> 00:38:38,050
+this is going to immortalize and like for example
+
+534
+00:38:38,050 --> 00:38:40,710
+next generations are going to be reading about
+
+535
+00:38:40,710 --> 00:38:43,730
+this. So I feel like the old generation is passing
+
+536
+00:38:43,730 --> 00:38:46,050
+something to the new generation at that point.
+
+537
+00:38:46,110 --> 00:38:50,290
+Yeah, like extra. Good, good, good. So I think we
+
+538
+00:38:50,290 --> 00:38:52,670
+are making something of the rhyme here. So the
+
+539
+00:38:52,670 --> 00:38:55,950
+rhyme fits very much, you know, like the whole
+
+540
+00:38:55,950 --> 00:39:01,770
+theme of the poem. Good. Do you have anything to
+
+541
+00:39:01,770 --> 00:39:05,430
+add? So what you are supposed to do, I mean you
+
+542
+00:39:05,430 --> 00:39:08,670
+are in class, I gave you like this, this is the
+
+543
+00:39:08,670 --> 00:39:11,490
+second, so what you have to do is like to go at
+
+544
+00:39:11,490 --> 00:39:15,850
+home, like just try to read what I sent for you,
+
+545
+00:39:16,310 --> 00:39:19,930
+and then you try to take notes and try to piece up
+
+546
+00:39:19,930 --> 00:39:23,490
+together a nice critique, you know, a nice
+
+547
+00:39:23,490 --> 00:39:26,690
+critique of the poem. This is your responsibility,
+
+548
+00:39:27,150 --> 00:39:32,080
+and next time we are supposed to start a new poet,
+
+549
+00:39:32,640 --> 00:39:36,240
+Marlow. And Marlow, what is funny about Marlow,
+
+550
+00:39:36,460 --> 00:39:39,940
+he's inviting somebody to go with him to the
+
+551
+00:39:39,940 --> 00:39:42,320
+countryside. We're going to have a new genre,
+
+552
+00:39:42,520 --> 00:39:45,340
+which is called pastoral poetry. So I want you to
+
+553
+00:39:45,340 --> 00:39:48,520
+know what is pastoral poetry. And I want you to
+
+554
+00:39:48,520 --> 00:39:52,180
+respond this time by poetry to come live with me
+
+555
+00:39:52,180 --> 00:39:55,940
+and be my love. Say, no, Marlow, I'm not coming
+
+556
+00:39:55,940 --> 00:39:59,820
+with you. I'm a Muslim, and I have You know, to
+
+557
+00:39:59,820 --> 00:40:02,700
+respect you or whatever, you know? You can do
+
+558
+00:40:02,700 --> 00:40:05,660
+that. It's going to be funny. Thank you very much
+
+559
+00:40:05,660 --> 00:40:08,740
+for your attention. I'll see you next time. Okay,
+
+560
+00:40:08,900 --> 00:40:09,040
+bye.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/kWEiVweX2QA.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1822 @@
+
+1
+00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:18,080
+Okay, thank you. I think you are excited. Today we
+
+2
+00:00:18,080 --> 00:00:22,100
+are coming to the, you know, this fourth lecture
+
+3
+00:00:22,100 --> 00:00:26,280
+of, you know, poetry. And I think most of you are
+
+4
+00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:30,690
+excited because they have something to say. So, as
+
+5
+00:00:30,690 --> 00:00:37,230
+usual, let us start by having
+
+6
+00:00:37,230 --> 00:00:39,010
+somebody to read her report.
+
+7
+00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:49,120
+Fighting for survival can't be abandoned since no
+
+8
+00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:51,620
+one can stop dreaming of the sweet memories in
+
+9
+00:00:51,620 --> 00:00:54,560
+life. We all want to retrieve every sweet moment
+
+10
+00:00:54,560 --> 00:00:57,260
+and live it again with the same people or maybe
+
+11
+00:00:57,260 --> 00:00:59,960
+with others. And this is me having the same course
+
+12
+00:00:59,960 --> 00:01:02,300
+for the second time gives me a flashback of the
+
+13
+00:01:02,300 --> 00:01:04,520
+sweetest moments I have ever spent in my life.
+
+14
+00:01:05,340 --> 00:01:07,560
+When I see the girls reading their creative
+
+15
+00:01:07,560 --> 00:01:11,060
+reports with a victory smile, I remembered that
+
+16
+00:01:11,060 --> 00:01:14,320
+smile I must have drawn when I was reading my
+
+17
+00:01:14,320 --> 00:01:17,140
+first report. But when the same creativity comes
+
+18
+00:01:17,140 --> 00:01:19,700
+with the same words I heard in the past, it must
+
+19
+00:01:19,700 --> 00:01:22,940
+be something incredible. Since the music of
+
+20
+00:01:22,940 --> 00:01:25,780
+alliteration metaphors paradox are heard again, I
+
+21
+00:01:25,780 --> 00:01:28,260
+completely recognized the reason behind giving
+
+22
+00:01:28,260 --> 00:01:31,320
+them the term aesthetics. So I admit it's a
+
+23
+00:01:31,320 --> 00:01:33,960
+privilege more than a resentment to repeat the
+
+24
+00:01:33,960 --> 00:01:37,070
+same course again. Good, thank you. So you are
+
+25
+00:01:37,070 --> 00:01:41,970
+affirming what I'm doing here. Thank you for this
+
+26
+00:01:41,970 --> 00:01:46,230
+report. Yes, you can attend the course more than
+
+27
+00:01:46,230 --> 00:01:48,670
+once, but every time you have something new. Yeah.
+
+28
+00:01:49,350 --> 00:01:52,130
+Okay, yes. Let's see if you can.
+
+29
+00:02:01,670 --> 00:02:05,510
+Good morning, everybody. Having been ill for a
+
+30
+00:02:05,510 --> 00:02:07,610
+couple of days, I was compelled to miss the poetry
+
+31
+00:02:07,610 --> 00:02:10,630
+class. Though I came back last class and was quite
+
+32
+00:02:10,630 --> 00:02:15,730
+thrilled at the nicely air-conditioned room with
+
+33
+00:02:15,730 --> 00:02:19,530
+the air that was tickling my still warm face, the
+
+34
+00:02:19,530 --> 00:02:24,280
+cameras were behind me and being not having not
+
+35
+00:02:24,280 --> 00:02:27,200
+prepared yet, I was trying to sing further in my
+
+36
+00:02:27,200 --> 00:02:29,760
+chair and hide between the colorful heads in the
+
+37
+00:02:29,760 --> 00:02:32,400
+class. The poem being discussed, however, seemed
+
+38
+00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:35,420
+pretty fun and easy to analyze. Dr. Akram's
+
+39
+00:02:35,420 --> 00:02:38,500
+exploration investigation of the various aesthetic
+
+40
+00:02:38,500 --> 00:02:42,220
+and figurative elements were really nice and were
+
+41
+00:02:42,220 --> 00:02:45,160
+really exciting and got me more and more and more and
+
+42
+00:02:45,160 --> 00:02:47,920
+more excited. I feel excited about the class and
+
+43
+00:02:47,920 --> 00:02:50,980
+there it goes with the next with the next class, my
+
+44
+00:02:50,980 --> 00:02:53,500
+journey of exploration will begin. Thank you very
+
+45
+00:02:53,500 --> 00:02:59,040
+much. Okay, I know like most of you are willing to
+
+46
+00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:01,700
+read, but I don't like to disappoint you. You can
+
+47
+00:03:01,700 --> 00:03:04,360
+just read, come and read it quickly. Next time I'm
+
+48
+00:03:04,360 --> 00:03:11,400
+going to choose randomly. Okay, go ahead. My last
+
+49
+00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:14,840
+lecture in this class because I escaped from this
+
+50
+00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:17,600
+class. Okay, so you're coming back. You're an
+
+51
+00:03:17,600 --> 00:03:22,460
+attorney. Yes. Escaping from that room is what I
+
+52
+00:03:22,460 --> 00:03:26,320
+did. So nice, so, so comfortable. But I was just
+
+53
+00:03:26,320 --> 00:03:30,060
+like a bird in cage that could not fly. Move
+
+54
+00:03:30,060 --> 00:03:33,760
+camera one. Switch camera two. That what, what the
+
+55
+00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:37,460
+men in that room keeping said. Walking upstairs
+
+56
+00:03:37,460 --> 00:03:41,020
+with my friend. Showing me her report with little
+
+57
+00:03:41,020 --> 00:03:45,420
+shy. What amazing job you do. It, it touch me, it
+
+58
+00:03:45,420 --> 00:03:50,690
+touch from me the sky. Go ahead. beneath the hope
+
+59
+00:03:50,690 --> 00:03:54,270
+that gives life to whose heart is dead. Kick out
+
+60
+00:03:54,270 --> 00:03:58,030
+your fright and just try. One day your struggle
+
+61
+00:03:58,030 --> 00:04:03,070
+will end and we'll see the shine of success laying
+
+62
+00:04:03,070 --> 00:04:06,790
+in your bed. With determination one could not be
+
+63
+00:04:06,790 --> 00:04:12,730
+but guy. Finally she started reading and my heart
+
+64
+00:04:12,730 --> 00:04:16,150
+with pleasure flied. Wow, great doing, my
+
+65
+00:04:16,150 --> 00:04:20,280
+professor said. Then, with our interesting poem,
+
+66
+00:04:20,540 --> 00:04:24,880
+we go deep and high. The time passed away, and one
+
+67
+00:04:24,880 --> 00:04:30,160
+idea didn't leave my head. Can I write well as my
+
+68
+00:04:30,160 --> 00:04:34,940
+friend? Yes, you can do whatever live in your
+
+69
+00:04:34,940 --> 00:04:40,700
+side. Just be strong and don't let it die. This is
+
+70
+00:04:40,700 --> 00:04:43,960
+very interesting. I like this report because it's
+
+71
+00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:48,640
+creative. It has some poetic aspect. And I like it
+
+72
+00:04:48,640 --> 00:04:55,280
+also because it runs against the motif of the
+
+73
+00:04:55,280 --> 00:04:59,480
+poem. Because you see in the poem, the poet was
+
+74
+00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:04,900
+frustrated, the poet was disappointed, and it
+
+75
+00:05:04,900 --> 00:05:11,500
+seems like he has already, you know, made up his
+
+76
+00:05:11,500 --> 00:05:14,860
+mind, like to relinquish, to give up, you know,
+
+77
+00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:19,110
+any attempt of hunting, you know, the deer. But
+
+78
+00:05:19,110 --> 00:05:22,470
+here, here we have a student who is persistent,
+
+79
+00:05:22,870 --> 00:05:27,510
+who's not going to give up. You see? Good. So
+
+80
+00:05:27,510 --> 00:05:30,890
+today's class is going to be a little bit
+
+81
+00:05:30,890 --> 00:05:36,190
+different. Like it's practical more than me just
+
+82
+00:05:36,190 --> 00:05:40,550
+talking. I know that I assigned you to read the
+
+83
+00:05:40,550 --> 00:05:43,410
+first part of the critical plan. So just I want
+
+84
+00:05:44,230 --> 00:05:47,770
+first at the beginning to see what you have
+
+85
+00:05:47,770 --> 00:05:51,430
+understood. Then we're going to go through or to
+
+86
+00:05:51,430 --> 00:05:55,530
+go again through like the aesthetics to show you
+
+87
+00:05:55,530 --> 00:05:59,930
+the aesthetics and to see how we can link between
+
+88
+00:05:59,930 --> 00:06:04,330
+like the aesthetics and the meaning of the poem or
+
+89
+00:06:04,330 --> 00:06:08,570
+let's say the possible meaning of the poem. So let
+
+90
+00:06:08,570 --> 00:06:12,110
+me ask you, what do you think of the first part of
+
+91
+00:06:12,110 --> 00:06:12,870
+the critical plot?
+
+92
+00:06:16,680 --> 00:06:20,720
+Yes. Yes, please. When you want to be excited
+
+93
+00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:23,580
+about, you should answer some questions. Yes.
+
+94
+00:06:23,720 --> 00:06:30,760
+First, you have to understand
+
+95
+00:06:30,760 --> 00:06:35,620
+the course and language and read it again and more
+
+96
+00:06:35,620 --> 00:06:39,760
+again in order to understand it deeply, and then So
+
+97
+00:06:39,760 --> 00:06:43,960
+yes, yes, you think like when we embark on reading
+
+98
+00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:47,360
+any poem, we don't have like just to go to the
+
+99
+00:06:47,360 --> 00:06:50,420
+poem without asking ourselves some questions.
+
+100
+00:06:50,980 --> 00:06:54,640
+Because I think asking questions will help us to
+
+101
+00:06:54,640 --> 00:07:01,900
+have a better understanding of the poem. So this
+
+102
+00:07:01,900 --> 00:07:05,110
+is very important. So who's speaking to whom? What
+
+103
+00:07:05,110 --> 00:07:08,390
+is like the setting of the poem in time? What is
+
+104
+00:07:08,390 --> 00:07:11,810
+the setting of the poem in place? And so on. Like,
+
+105
+00:07:11,910 --> 00:07:15,550
+I think it is very important here when we, like in
+
+106
+00:07:15,550 --> 00:07:19,050
+this poem, who's speaking? You know? Who's
+
+107
+00:07:19,050 --> 00:07:24,070
+speaking? Yeah, like it's very important. Like a
+
+108
+00:07:24,070 --> 00:07:28,070
+courtier? You know, the poet? An ordinary man?
+
+109
+00:07:28,430 --> 00:07:32,040
+Like, who's talking? And to whom? And I think, you
+
+110
+00:07:32,040 --> 00:07:34,220
+know, how many voices we have in the poem. It's
+
+111
+00:07:34,220 --> 00:07:37,620
+very important to know, like, how many voices we
+
+112
+00:07:37,620 --> 00:07:41,560
+have in the poem. Because, like, realizing this or
+
+113
+00:07:41,560 --> 00:07:43,940
+finding answers to these questions will help us to
+
+114
+00:07:43,940 --> 00:07:48,660
+draft our, you know, let's say, initial critique
+
+115
+00:07:48,660 --> 00:07:52,600
+of the poem. Good. Let's see if somebody else,
+
+116
+00:07:52,760 --> 00:07:54,880
+like, what do you understand from what you have
+
+117
+00:07:54,880 --> 00:07:58,140
+read? Yes?
+
+118
+00:08:07,750 --> 00:08:10,030
+So let's go through the question. The first
+
+119
+00:08:10,030 --> 00:08:13,090
+question, what is like, who's talking, I think?
+
+120
+00:08:13,750 --> 00:08:18,010
+What is the first question? The setting of the
+
+121
+00:08:18,010 --> 00:08:21,390
+poem in time. Do you think this is very important,
+
+122
+00:08:21,510 --> 00:08:27,670
+my question? Does this give us clues? And if we
+
+123
+00:08:27,670 --> 00:08:31,240
+are talking about this poem. You know, and I
+
+124
+00:08:31,240 --> 00:08:33,600
+think, you know, we have now in mind like the
+
+125
+00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:35,720
+setting of the poem. How does this help us? Yes,
+
+126
+00:08:35,800 --> 00:08:38,400
+Ana. I'm sure that it's like an essential aspect
+
+127
+00:08:38,400 --> 00:08:41,160
+that when we know the time that the poem was
+
+128
+00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:45,840
+written, and we know the culture of that time, the
+
+129
+00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:49,000
+features of that time, the cases, and everything
+
+130
+00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:51,100
+that happened in that time, that the poem itself
+
+131
+00:08:51,100 --> 00:08:53,990
+reflects what happened in that time. So sometimes
+
+132
+00:08:53,990 --> 00:08:57,250
+it is a reflection, sometimes it is like, you
+
+133
+00:08:57,250 --> 00:09:00,370
+know, an expansion of an idea, sometimes it runs
+
+134
+00:09:00,370 --> 00:09:03,650
+against the prominent ideas of the time. See? So
+
+135
+00:09:03,650 --> 00:09:06,410
+it's very important to understand the setting of
+
+136
+00:09:06,410 --> 00:09:09,850
+time, like when it was, when was the poem written?
+
+137
+00:09:10,090 --> 00:09:13,170
+Yes? I think it is important to know the time
+
+138
+00:09:13,170 --> 00:09:17,150
+because we have to know the period because it's,
+
+139
+00:09:17,610 --> 00:09:20,550
+every period has a specific origin.
+
+140
+00:09:25,110 --> 00:09:28,170
+expectations, right, because the poets were
+
+141
+00:09:28,170 --> 00:09:31,670
+writing for the readers of the time. And, of
+
+142
+00:09:31,670 --> 00:09:35,690
+course, they knew what they expected. Yes, Jahan?
+
+143
+00:09:35,930 --> 00:09:39,110
+I think sometimes it is actually essential, but
+
+144
+00:09:39,110 --> 00:09:41,890
+sometimes it really doesn't matter. Sometimes you
+
+145
+00:09:41,890 --> 00:09:44,570
+have a text that means something back in time, but
+
+146
+00:09:44,570 --> 00:09:47,110
+when you read it now, it gives the meaning a whole
+
+147
+00:09:47,110 --> 00:09:49,590
+different dimension. So it also gives it richness.
+
+148
+00:09:50,100 --> 00:09:52,700
+When you don't really attach it to a specific
+
+149
+00:09:52,700 --> 00:09:54,760
+period of time. When you just take it as a chance.
+
+150
+00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:56,860
+You are right, but this depends on what kind of
+
+151
+00:09:56,860 --> 00:09:59,000
+critic you are. If we are dealing with new
+
+152
+00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:02,620
+critics, of course, like Jehan studied, like
+
+153
+00:10:02,620 --> 00:10:06,520
+schools of criticism. Like, yes, if we are dealing
+
+154
+00:10:06,520 --> 00:10:09,740
+with new critics, we have to forget anything
+
+155
+00:10:09,740 --> 00:10:13,560
+underground. But nowadays, the most prominent
+
+156
+00:10:13,560 --> 00:10:19,600
+schools of criticism are
+
+157
+00:10:20,100 --> 00:10:23,940
+the cultural critics and the neo-hystericists. The
+
+158
+00:10:23,940 --> 00:10:27,940
+neo-hystericists think that the poem was a kind of
+
+159
+00:10:27,940 --> 00:10:33,080
+dialogue between the text and the age itself.
+
+160
+00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:37,900
+Okay, but thank you. This means we don't have,
+
+161
+00:10:38,360 --> 00:10:43,620
+yes, it is very important to know the time, but we
+
+162
+00:10:43,620 --> 00:10:49,460
+can discuss the poem, you know, in isolation, but
+
+163
+00:10:49,460 --> 00:10:52,280
+this gives us like very objective. Yes? So I think
+
+164
+00:10:52,280 --> 00:10:56,940
+it's like a vital way or strategy to study history
+
+165
+00:10:56,940 --> 00:11:01,220
+by reading that poem from like ages ago. Yeah. So
+
+166
+00:11:01,220 --> 00:11:04,220
+I think also it is a kind of revision because, you
+
+167
+00:11:04,220 --> 00:11:07,900
+know, sometimes we take what other people say for
+
+168
+00:11:07,900 --> 00:11:11,600
+granted. And in the poem, I don't know, like, we
+
+169
+00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:16,820
+believe the poet. However, some of you, like, was
+
+170
+00:11:16,820 --> 00:11:20,580
+a little bit cynical, like they didn't trust what
+
+171
+00:11:20,580 --> 00:11:23,440
+the poet said, they didn't believe him and they
+
+172
+00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:28,820
+started like to think of the whole anti-feminist
+
+173
+00:11:28,820 --> 00:11:32,200
+culture of the time. You see what I mean? Because
+
+174
+00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:35,310
+some of you like didn't believe that the poet
+
+175
+00:11:35,310 --> 00:11:40,970
+was, you know, in that way was a victim, but he
+
+176
+00:11:40,970 --> 00:11:45,070
+was rather a victimizer. So all these things might
+
+177
+00:11:45,070 --> 00:11:49,290
+be aroused when you think, what is the setting of
+
+178
+00:11:49,290 --> 00:11:52,910
+the poem in time? And then, what is the setting of
+
+179
+00:11:52,910 --> 00:11:56,310
+the poem in place? It's very important. You know,
+
+180
+00:11:56,470 --> 00:11:59,950
+the place. Because sometimes, like, the place
+
+181
+00:11:59,950 --> 00:12:06,460
+might restrict you to certain norms. If we think
+
+182
+00:12:06,460 --> 00:12:10,860
+of our poet as, you know, a courtier, a man who
+
+183
+00:12:10,860 --> 00:12:13,620
+was living in a court, so I think he had to
+
+184
+00:12:13,620 --> 00:12:17,640
+respect the rules, the regulations of the court.
+
+185
+00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:21,860
+Otherwise, he would be put in prison, like what
+
+186
+00:12:21,860 --> 00:12:26,860
+happened to him. So I think the place, sometimes
+
+187
+00:12:26,860 --> 00:12:29,980
+we are affected by the place. So if you are
+
+188
+00:12:29,980 --> 00:12:34,210
+talking about like, you know, the place of the
+
+189
+00:12:34,210 --> 00:12:37,290
+poem, you have the hunting scenes, and I think
+
+190
+00:12:37,290 --> 00:12:42,710
+hunting was like a picture of the daily life of
+
+191
+00:12:42,710 --> 00:12:47,520
+the royal family during that time, a sport like
+
+192
+00:12:47,520 --> 00:12:49,740
+one kind of sports the king was involved in is
+
+193
+00:12:49,740 --> 00:12:53,
+
+223
+00:15:24,930 --> 00:15:28,750
+Yes? Would you be happy like if you were the king
+
+224
+00:15:28,750 --> 00:15:33,010
+and listen to this? You know? No? Why?
+
+225
+00:15:38,810 --> 00:15:42,470
+Yeah, I think he would be mad because he's talking
+
+226
+00:15:42,470 --> 00:15:49,110
+about his wife, you know? Good. Who thinks she 
+
+227
+00:15:49,110 --> 00:15:57,250
+would be happy? Yes. Yeah, he gave up. And I
+
+228
+00:15:57,250 --> 00:16:00,910
+think, you know, also like No Limit Tanjer, like
+
+229
+00:16:00,910 --> 00:16:06,190
+because he's the most powerful. Nobody is allowed 
+
+230
+00:16:06,190 --> 00:16:11,130
+to rival or to vie with him because he is an 
+
+231
+00:16:11,130 --> 00:16:14,050
+absolute power. I think, you know, he might be 
+
+232
+00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:19,860
+happy or angry, it depends how we interpret this.
+
+233
+00:16:22,230 --> 00:16:26,890
+And the last question is, after answering all 
+
+234
+00:16:26,890 --> 00:16:29,330
+these questions, who is speaking to whom, the
+
+235
+00:16:29,330 --> 00:16:34,610
+setting, the place, what is the poem about? This
+
+236
+00:16:34,610 --> 00:16:36,510
+is the most important thing. What is the poem
+
+237
+00:16:36,510 --> 00:16:41,230
+about? So let me, because this is what I want you
+
+238
+00:16:41,230 --> 00:16:46,840
+to do today, is to divide in groups. And then 
+
+239
+00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:52,400
+start to write what might the poem be about. Okay?
+
+240
+00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:59,060
+Good. So let's see. What do you think the poem is
+
+241
+00:16:59,060 --> 00:17:03,400
+about? It's about courtly love. What do you mean 
+
+242
+00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:09,400
+courtly love? Women from the high class fall in 
+
+243
+00:17:09,400 --> 00:17:13,860
+love with a man from the low class. Fall in love
+
+244
+00:17:13,860 --> 00:17:18,360
+with a woman from the high class. Okay, so this is
+
+245
+00:17:18,360 --> 00:17:21,620
+like, you know, the meaning we see in the poem.
+
+246
+00:17:23,780 --> 00:17:27,420
+Unattainable love, courtly love, and again this is 
+
+247
+00:17:27,420 --> 00:17:32,080
+an exercise of masculinity. But let's see, let's
+
+248
+00:17:32,080 --> 00:17:34,080
+put this, because this is one of the strongest
+
+249
+00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:38,360
+themes. It is a possible theme. Do you have more 
+
+250
+00:17:38,360 --> 00:17:39,680
+themes like this?
+
+251
+00:17:44,200 --> 00:17:49,220
+So do you want to say like the poem is about a 
+
+252
+00:17:49,220 --> 00:17:52,860
+class hierarchy like in that society? Like 
+
+253
+00:17:52,860 --> 00:17:57,220
+privileged people who are holding the power, who
+
+254
+00:17:57,220 --> 00:18:02,720
+are holding the money, and the disprivileged
+
+255
+00:18:02,720 --> 00:18:06,560
+people who are having nothing, you see, the weak.
+
+256
+00:18:07,680 --> 00:18:12,020
+And like if we say who are the weak people, we
+
+257
+00:18:12,020 --> 00:18:17,040
+might list The poet means this, the woman, you
+
+258
+00:18:17,040 --> 00:18:19,660
+know, and even other hunters, you know, because
+
+259
+00:18:19,660 --> 00:18:24,260
+they were doing the same thing. Good. What else?
+
+260
+00:18:27,780 --> 00:18:33,960
+It's still like it is, you know, courtly love. But 
+
+261
+00:18:33,960 --> 00:18:37,680
+like here we have about unattainable, it is about 
+
+262
+00:18:37,680 --> 00:18:43,820
+unattainable goal. It is about power, you know.
+
+263
+00:18:44,630 --> 00:18:45,210
+What else?
+
+264
+00:18:51,290 --> 00:18:54,210
+Yeah, it's about class division itself.
+
+265
+00:18:57,030 --> 00:19:00,330
+I don't know. Evaluating.
+
+266
+00:19:06,710 --> 00:19:07,270
+Yeah,
+
+267
+00:19:10,130 --> 00:19:13,310
+but still it's about attainable goal and
+
+268
+00:19:13,310 --> 00:19:16,330
+attainable, you know, ambition. Like everybody of 
+
+269
+00:19:16,330 --> 00:19:19,070
+us has an ambition, but sometimes we have a lot of
+
+270
+00:19:19,070 --> 00:19:22,890
+hindrances that impede like the achievement or the
+
+271
+00:19:22,890 --> 00:19:27,670
+fulfillment of this. Okay. Now I think we have
+
+272
+00:19:27,670 --> 00:19:32,390
+today what I'm going to do is like to make you 
+
+273
+00:19:32,390 --> 00:19:36,490
+write down what you think the poem about. But let
+
+274
+00:19:36,490 --> 00:19:42,270
+me just remind you of the
+
+275
+00:19:42,270 --> 00:19:45,170
+aesthetics. Like last time we looked at the rhyme,
+
+276
+00:19:46,290 --> 00:19:54,530
+and we said we have, as you see, A, B, B, A, A, B, 
+
+277
+00:19:54,550 --> 00:20:00,450
+B, A, and then C, D, E, C, D, E, like this might 
+
+278
+00:20:00,450 --> 00:20:05,290
+happen in the poem. I don't know how you can make
+
+279
+00:20:05,290 --> 00:20:09,830
+use of this when you are going to write your 
+
+280
+00:20:09,830 --> 00:20:12,990
+critique. What are we going to do with this? Yes,
+
+281
+00:20:13,090 --> 00:20:15,430
+this is a patriarchal consonant. The patriarchal 
+
+282
+00:20:15,430 --> 00:20:20,170
+consonant has two sides, you know, has, you know, 
+
+283
+00:20:20,830 --> 00:20:25,150
+has two parts, the octave and the system. So you
+
+284
+00:20:25,150 --> 00:20:28,910
+might think of the whole argument, how the whole 
+
+285
+00:20:28,910 --> 00:20:33,190
+argument is distributed. You might think of the 
+
+286
+00:20:33,190 --> 00:20:40,030
+words that make rhyme and their impact on us. You
+
+287
+00:20:40,030 --> 00:20:44,690
+might think also of the change, you know, he's 
+
+288
+00:20:44,690 --> 00:20:47,770
+doing, he's trying, because Sir Thomas White was
+
+289
+00:20:47,770 --> 00:20:52,610
+experimenting, and we don't have like here, you
+
+290
+00:20:52,610 --> 00:20:55,510
+know, we have in this state, like he's not
+
+291
+00:20:55,510 --> 00:20:59,530
+consistent. And even you can do it like this, or 
+
+292
+00:20:59,530 --> 00:21:04,090
+you can end by EE, which is a couplet. If you look
+
+293
+00:21:04,090 --> 00:21:08,950
+at the couplet, do you think It is valuable in
+
+294
+00:21:08,950 --> 00:21:13,570
+itself. Is there something he is stressing in that 
+
+295
+00:21:13,570 --> 00:21:17,790
+couplet? So all these things you might ask when 
+
+296
+00:21:17,790 --> 00:21:20,490
+you write, when you want to make use of the rhyme 
+
+297
+00:21:20,490 --> 00:21:25,170
+itself. See what I mean? I'll leave this for you.
+
+298
+00:21:25,690 --> 00:21:30,050
+And we'll see what you're going to write. And then
+
+299
+00:21:30,050 --> 00:21:32,690
+the rhythm. I don't know what you are going to do
+
+300
+00:21:32,690 --> 00:21:37,100
+with rhythm. Yes, we have rhythm, and as you see, 
+
+301
+00:21:37,240 --> 00:21:40,840
+the rhythm is a kind of iambic pentameter. But not 
+
+302
+00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:45,160
+all the poems like this. We have some verses like
+
+303
+00:21:45,160 --> 00:21:49,240
+we have extra syllables. But this is, as you see,
+
+304
+00:21:49,720 --> 00:21:55,240
+but as, but as, for me, unless, I may, no more.
+
+305
+00:21:55,600 --> 00:21:59,580
+Titam, titam, titam, titam. It's like unchi, 
+
+306
+00:21:59,780 --> 00:22:04,140
+unchi, unchi, unchi. Like unstressed, stressed. 
+
+307
+00:22:04,580 --> 00:22:10,960
+You know, if we look here, but as you see, but as
+
+308
+00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:24,360
+for me, unless I may know more. So, it is iambic
+
+309
+00:22:24,360 --> 00:22:27,420
+pentameter, and I don't know what you are going to
+
+310
+00:22:27,420 --> 00:22:30,920
+do with this, you know, this meter, okay?
+
+311
+00:22:33,760 --> 00:22:40,580
+It's musical, of course, but it is like this, ti
+
+312
+00:22:40,580 --> 00:22:45,940
+tam, ti tam, ti tam, ti tam. Can you link it with 
+
+313
+00:22:45,940 --> 00:22:50,360
+anything related to the feeling of the poem, the
+
+314
+00:22:50,360 --> 00:22:51,880
+feeling of disappointment, the feeling of
+
+315
+00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:55,120
+whatever? So it's very important. If you cannot, 
+
+316
+00:22:55,460 --> 00:22:59,840
+leave it. But I would encourage you to make use of 
+
+317
+00:22:59,840 --> 00:23:01,400
+these aesthetic things.
+
+318
+00:23:07,190 --> 00:23:11,450
+Yes? Okay, now, like here, Jihan started to 
+
+319
+00:23:11,450 --> 00:23:14,390
+reflect upon this, you know, because if we are 
+
+320
+00:23:14,390 --> 00:23:17,290
+talking about like frustration, like hope and 
+
+321
+00:23:17,290 --> 00:23:19,710
+frustration, so it is, you have this 
+
+322
+00:23:19,710 --> 00:23:24,170
+interchangeable effect, you know, it might be. I
+
+323
+00:23:24,170 --> 00:23:26,390
+don't want like to rule out something to say, 
+
+324
+00:23:26,530 --> 00:23:33,310
+okay, sorry, Here are some of the themes. You
+
+325
+00:23:33,310 --> 00:23:37,430
+might embrace some of them. And I would leave
+
+326
+00:23:37,430 --> 00:23:41,530
+these themes. When you read, it's about attainable
+
+327
+00:23:41,530 --> 00:23:43,390
+love.
+
+328
+00:23:44,710 --> 00:23:47,810
+As you see, the speaker chases a woman whom he
+
+329
+00:23:47,810 --> 00:23:50,510
+cannot and must not reach, and must not reach.
+
+330
+00:23:50,930 --> 00:23:54,650
+She's a taboo. She is something you cannot reach. 
+
+331
+00:23:54,690 --> 00:23:58,970
+You know what I mean? For she is a prize of the 
+
+332
+00:23:58,970 --> 00:24:05,250
+ruler of the land. So nobody can challenge the 
+
+333
+00:24:05,250 --> 00:24:10,170
+king. And I'm not sure whether the poet was
+
+334
+00:24:10,170 --> 00:24:16,470
+antagonist or accomplice with the king. So he
+
+335
+00:24:16,470 --> 00:24:20,670
+might be like a media machine for the king, hey
+
+336
+00:24:20,670 --> 00:24:25,810
+hunters, if you are trying to do like this, this 
+
+337
+00:24:25,810 --> 00:24:29,010
+is your fate will be. So he might be admonishing 
+
+338
+00:24:29,010 --> 00:24:37,450
+them, warning them. If Annabelle approaches, let's 
+
+339
+00:24:37,450 --> 00:24:43,610
+say, what is related to the king or something the
+
+340
+00:24:43,610 --> 00:24:46,510
+king owns, you'll be in trouble. Do you see what I
+
+341
+00:24:46,510 --> 00:24:52,370
+mean? Shakespeare, in most of his plays, promoted
+
+342
+00:24:52,370 --> 00:24:58,650
+that culture, like the king was divine and nobody,
+
+343
+00:24:59,030 --> 00:25:02,710
+you know, in the kingdom should think for a moment 
+
+344
+00:25:02,710 --> 00:25:07,370
+to contest that power. Otherwise, he would be 
+
+345
+00:25:07,370 --> 00:25:13,090
+ostracized. Ostracized means like marginalized or
+
+346
+00:25:13,090 --> 00:25:18,430
+treated badly. You see what I mean? Good. Another 
+
+347
+00:25:18,430 --> 00:25:21,810
+theme is like bowing to absolute power. Like this
+
+348
+00:25:21,810 --> 00:25:24,550
+is what I'm talking about. The king is a power and 
+
+349
+00:25:24,550 --> 00:25:28,680
+so you are You know you are showing veneration and
+
+350
+00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:32,600
+submission to that culture These are possible
+
+351
+00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:34,760
+themes you can add to the courtly love 
+
+352
+00:25:34,760 --> 00:25:38,120
+Unattainable 
+
+353
+00:25:38,120 --> 00:25:43,640
+goal And you can read I can leave this for you 
+
+354
+00:25:43,640 --> 00:25:48,320
+like on the page to read And
+
+355
+00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:52,800
+here we have all the metaphors we talk about you
+
+356
+00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:57,110
+know and I think the alliteration, so you have the 
+
+357
+00:25:57,110 --> 00:25:59,730
+metaphor, the alliteration, you have the metaphor,
+
+358
+00:26:00,390 --> 00:26:04,250
+you have the paradox. So all these are elements
+
+359
+00:26:04,250 --> 00:26:09,670
+that you should use when you write. But now, with
+
+360
+00:26:09,670 --> 00:26:14,910
+all these things in mind, how to start is the 
+
+361
+00:26:14,910 --> 00:26:22,590
+biggest question. How to start? Now, I think it's 
+
+362
+00:26:22,590 --> 00:26:27,090
+very important, to contextualize the poem, it's 
+
+363
+00:26:27,090 --> 00:26:29,090
+very important to write the first paragraph.
+
+364
+00:26:30,010 --> 00:26:35,790
+Because if you write the first paragraph in which 
+
+365
+00:26:35,790 --> 00:26:42,450
+you have to articulate your thesis, your thesis
+
+366
+00:26:42,450 --> 00:26:44,810
+statement, the topic sentence, and the topic
+
+367
+00:26:44,810 --> 00:26:47,530
+sentence, when we are talking of the poem, should 
+
+368
+00:26:47,530 --> 00:26:54,240
+include the main idea of the poem. So you might
+
+369
+00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:59,900
+say, let me just help you. This poem seems to be
+
+370
+00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:01,400
+about, let me write even.
+
+371
+00:27:07,260 --> 00:27:09,000
+So I might start saying,
+
+372
+00:27:21,310 --> 00:27:28,330
+This poem, or I might, it's good to say, Huzo Lesz 
+
+373
+00:27:28,330 --> 00:27:32,410
+Zohan is 
+
+374
+00:27:32,410 --> 00:27:38,050
+a poem or is a sonnet. I prefer like, if you, it 
+
+375
+00:27:38,050 --> 00:27:40,390
+is different when you say it is a sonnet. It is a 
+
+376
+00:27:40,390 --> 00:27:43,490
+sonnet, you show that, you start to fuse. It's a
+
+377
+00:27:43,490 --> 00:27:47,250
+sonnet written 
+
+378
+00:27:47,250 --> 00:27:49,930
+by 
+
+379
+00:28:14,840 --> 00:28:21,140
+Poet or courtier. Poet, and you say he's a
+
+380
+00:28:21,140 --> 00:28:21,760
+courtier.
+
+381
+00:28:25,740 --> 00:28:34,720
+The main theme of the poem seems to be about...
+
+382
+00:28:34,720 --> 00:28:38,080
+The main theme of the poem, after that you say, 
+
+383
+00:28:38,540 --> 00:28:42,840
+the main theme 
+
+384
+00:28:44,830 --> 00:28:55,490
+Okay, the main theme of the poem seems,
+
+385
+00:28:55,590 --> 00:28:59,930
+I don't want you to say it is, because this is a 
+
+386
+00:28:59,930 --> 00:29:06,670
+possibility. We don't want to exhaust any other 
+
+387
+00:29:06,670 --> 00:29:10,270
+possibility by saying it is. So the theme might 
+
+388
+00:29:10,270 --> 00:29:13,330
+be, seems to be about courtly love.
+
+389
+00:29:16,820 --> 00:29:28,160
+The theme of the poem seems to
+
+390
+00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:30,760
+be about,
+
+391
+00:29:33,140 --> 00:29:34,900
+after articulating this,
+
+392
+00:29:47,920 --> 00:29:51,420
+It's about courtly love. 
+
+393
+00:29:52,960 --> 00:29:56,820
+After this, it's very important now to say what is 
+
+394
+00:29:56,820 --> 00:29:59,120
+courtly love and to relate this.
+
+395
+00:30:02,040 --> 00:30:08,060
+The persona who represents the poet is greatly
+
+396
+00:30:08,060 --> 00:30:11,460
+frustrated. Now, this is what we say, the 
+
+397
+00:30:11,460 --> 00:30:16,660
+elaboration. And look here, the elaboration is 
+
+398
+00:30:16,660 --> 00:30:20,340
+very important. Why? Because the way you are 
+
+399
+00:30:20,340 --> 00:30:22,960
+elaborating, it means you are creating your 
+
+400
+00:30:22,960 --> 00:30:27,860
+controlling ideas. So the poet is greatly 
+
+401
+00:30:27,860 --> 00:30:33,720
+devastated because of the changeability and the 
+
+402
+00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:39,700
+inconsistency of a woman or the woman. So here, 
+
+403
+00:30:41,840 --> 00:30:44,480
+When you say the changeability, when you say this,
+
+404
+00:30:44,660 --> 00:30:50,000
+like, it means you are enunciating your, like,
+
+405
+00:30:50,140 --> 00:30:54,080
+controlling ideas. And this is in itself like how
+
+406
+00:30:54,080 --> 00:30:58,940
+we start, okay? Now I would leave you to work in 
+
+407
+00:30:58,940 --> 00:31:01,440
+groups, I'll give you like 10 minutes for this 
+
+408
+00:31:01,440 --> 00:31:04,760
+exercise, and listen, like groups of three or
+
+409
+00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:08,580
+four, and just like try to write, make use of the 
+
+410
+00:31:08,580 --> 00:31:12,880
+whatever figure of speech, but I think, you know,
+
+411
+0
+
+445
+00:33:32,900 --> 00:33:36,360
+fluctuating, it keeps fluctuating and this
+
+446
+00:33:36,360 --> 00:33:38,860
+fluctuating, I don't know, I have thought of it 
+
+447
+00:33:38,860 --> 00:33:42,460
+also like when a hunter is hunting, you know, he 
+
+448
+00:33:42,460 --> 00:33:46,340
+has hopes of catching them, these hopes are
+
+449
+00:33:46,340 --> 00:33:51,770
+smashed, okay? It's like panting up. Somebody who
+
+450
+00:33:51,770 --> 00:33:55,190
+is running, you know, he's panting out because
+
+451
+00:33:55,190 --> 00:33:58,670
+why? He cannot. Thank you. I have never thought of
+
+452
+00:33:58,670 --> 00:34:03,190
+like the rhythm fitting with the meaning of the 
+
+453
+00:34:03,190 --> 00:34:07,010
+poem in this way. Okay, let's shift to the theme
+
+454
+00:34:07,010 --> 00:34:14,050
+group. I want a theme other than Cordula. Okay? We 
+
+455
+00:34:14,050 --> 00:34:20,970
+want a theme other than Cordula. Yes? Yes? Class 
+
+456
+00:34:20,970 --> 00:34:20,990
+division. 
+
+457
+00:34:44,880 --> 00:34:45,340
+Okay,
+
+458
+00:34:55,780 --> 00:34:58,160
+so like she wants to say that the theme is the 
+
+459
+00:34:58,160 --> 00:35:01,210
+class individual. Okay, do you have anything in 
+
+460
+00:35:01,210 --> 00:35:05,530
+the figures of speech to substantiate that or to
+
+461
+00:35:05,530 --> 00:35:12,070
+help us in developing that theme? The allegory 
+
+462
+00:35:12,070 --> 00:35:17,370
+itself? Yeah, very good. He can't say and express 
+
+463
+00:35:17,370 --> 00:35:23,230
+feelings. He just mentioned the allegory. Yeah, so 
+
+464
+00:35:23,230 --> 00:35:26,680
+do you want to say like He's afraid from the king. 
+
+465
+00:35:26,740 --> 00:35:30,480
+You know, or normal people like are not given like
+
+466
+00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:33,680
+they don't have the right to express themselves. 
+
+467
+00:35:33,920 --> 00:35:37,380
+Yes. So they opt for the use of allegory. Yes. 
+
+468
+00:35:37,560 --> 00:35:37,860
+Good.
+
+469
+00:35:40,680 --> 00:35:43,760
+Also the metonymy of diamonds and ferrets. The 
+
+470
+00:35:43,760 --> 00:35:46,900
+metonymy, thank you. The metonymy of diamonds. And 
+
+471
+00:35:46,900 --> 00:35:48,260
+also like ferrets. We were talking about the
+
+472
+00:35:48,260 --> 00:35:51,880
+metonymy of the diamonds like this shows like 
+
+473
+00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:57,780
+diamond It has to do with richness, appearance. 
+
+474
+00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:01,140
+Appearance like richness. Okay? Good.
+
+475
+00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:04,820
+Yes.
+
+476
+00:36:09,460 --> 00:36:14,900
+Caesar, the word Caesar, you know, is also like an
+
+477
+00:36:14,900 --> 00:36:18,340
+economy, like standing for the power. For the
+
+478
+00:36:18,340 --> 00:36:23,420
+power. The upper class or the royal family had all
+
+479
+00:36:23,420 --> 00:36:27,940
+the power in its hand. Good. Let's see. Let's go 
+
+480
+00:36:27,940 --> 00:36:32,660
+back to the rhyme and rhythm. Can you manipulate
+
+481
+00:36:32,660 --> 00:36:37,980
+it? Because I think the art of criticism is an art
+
+482
+00:36:37,980 --> 00:36:40,240
+of manipulation and persuasion. You have to
+
+483
+00:36:40,240 --> 00:36:46,540
+manipulate. They say it's about power. It's about
+
+484
+00:36:46,540 --> 00:36:47,560
+class division. 
+
+485
+00:36:50,290 --> 00:36:51,330
+So what do you want to say?
+
+486
+00:36:55,230 --> 00:36:59,850
+It's a problem, huh? Yeah. Okay. So maybe, I don't 
+
+487
+00:36:59,850 --> 00:37:01,750
+know, maybe we can say that the fact that he
+
+488
+00:37:01,750 --> 00:37:05,050
+actually did change in the run, even he did change
+
+489
+00:37:05,050 --> 00:37:08,870
+the meter itself, it shows you that he's actually
+
+490
+00:37:08,870 --> 00:37:12,070
+starving for power, or maybe he's trying to have
+
+491
+00:37:12,070 --> 00:37:16,270
+some sort of control or sort of Ah, very good. To
+
+492
+00:37:16,270 --> 00:37:19,790
+get a grip of something and do change it as he 
+
+493
+00:37:19,790 --> 00:37:25,210
+pleases. Yeah, like, so this change, like, it has 
+
+494
+00:37:25,210 --> 00:37:28,110
+to do with his attempt, like, to change. Yes, he 
+
+495
+00:37:28,110 --> 00:37:31,510
+cannot. He cannot, but still, like, he's trying.
+
+496
+00:37:31,770 --> 00:37:34,250
+I'm trying. Okay, I got disappointed, but somebody 
+
+497
+00:37:34,250 --> 00:37:37,730
+might continue, you know. However, like, it is 
+
+498
+00:37:37,730 --> 00:37:42,130
+very disappointing, but at least I have tried to
+
+499
+00:37:42,130 --> 00:37:47,080
+change and the, you know, Just to try, it's a good
+
+500
+00:37:47,080 --> 00:37:49,460
+thing in itself. Well, thank you very much for 
+
+501
+00:37:49,460 --> 00:37:52,820
+manipulating. So look here, we can manipulate any
+
+502
+00:37:52,820 --> 00:37:56,460
+figure of speech, we can manipulate any aesthetic 
+
+503
+00:37:56,460 --> 00:38:00,120
+element to serve our purpose. And you should be 
+
+504
+00:38:00,120 --> 00:38:05,680
+very happy because I'm not like just asking you to 
+
+505
+00:38:05,680 --> 00:38:09,180
+say one specific theme. You can talk about
+
+506
+00:38:09,180 --> 00:38:13,740
+different things because what is the poem? So if
+
+507
+00:38:13,740 --> 00:38:16,820
+we say it is about this, it means like we finished 
+
+508
+00:38:16,820 --> 00:38:21,920
+the whole poem, okay? I think I should, we should 
+
+509
+00:38:21,920 --> 00:38:26,020
+stop here, but it is now, this is the first 
+
+510
+00:38:26,020 --> 00:38:31,420
+experience with a poem like this. Next time we are
+
+511
+00:38:31,420 --> 00:38:36,180
+moving to another poem, another poem, we're going
+
+512
+00:38:36,180 --> 00:38:41,740
+to read another song, which is a description of 
+
+513
+00:38:41,740 --> 00:38:45,340
+strength. description before, I mean, written by
+
+514
+00:38:45,340 --> 00:38:48,540
+Henry Howard Carroll of Surrey. He was 
+
+515
+00:38:48,540 --> 00:38:50,760
+contemporary. And it's very important when you
+
+516
+00:38:50,760 --> 00:38:53,940
+respond, like, to pay attention to details, like,
+
+517
+00:38:54,380 --> 00:38:57,420
+the differences between the two poems. So thank
+
+518
+00:38:57,420 --> 00:38:59,660
+you very much, and yallah bless you.

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/kWEiVweX2QA_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2072 @@
+1
+00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:18,080
+Okay, thank you. I think you are excited. Today we
+
+2
+00:00:18,080 --> 00:00:22,100
+are coming to the, you know, this fourth lecture
+
+3
+00:00:22,100 --> 00:00:26,280
+of, you know, poetry. And I think most of you are
+
+4
+00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:30,690
+excited because they have something to say. So, as
+
+5
+00:00:30,690 --> 00:00:37,230
+usual, let us start by having
+
+6
+00:00:37,230 --> 00:00:39,010
+somebody to read her report.
+
+7
+00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:49,120
+Fighting for survival can't be abandoned since no
+
+8
+00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:51,620
+one can stop dreaming of the sweet memories in
+
+9
+00:00:51,620 --> 00:00:54,560
+life. We all want to retrieve every sweet moment
+
+10
+00:00:54,560 --> 00:00:57,260
+and live it again with the same people or maybe
+
+11
+00:00:57,260 --> 00:00:59,960
+with others. And this is me having the same course
+
+12
+00:00:59,960 --> 00:01:02,300
+for the second time gives me a flashback of the
+
+13
+00:01:02,300 --> 00:01:04,520
+sweetest moments I have ever spent in my life.
+
+14
+00:01:05,340 --> 00:01:07,560
+When I see the girls reading their creative
+
+15
+00:01:07,560 --> 00:01:11,060
+reports with a victory smile, I remembered that
+
+16
+00:01:11,060 --> 00:01:14,320
+smile I must have drawn when I was reading my
+
+17
+00:01:14,320 --> 00:01:17,140
+first report. But when the same creativity comes
+
+18
+00:01:17,140 --> 00:01:19,700
+with the same words I heard in the past, it must
+
+19
+00:01:19,700 --> 00:01:22,940
+be something incredible. Since the music of
+
+20
+00:01:22,940 --> 00:01:25,780
+alliteration metaphors paradox are heard again, I
+
+21
+00:01:25,780 --> 00:01:28,260
+completely recognized the reason behind giving
+
+22
+00:01:28,260 --> 00:01:31,320
+them the term aesthetics. So I admit it's a
+
+23
+00:01:31,320 --> 00:01:33,960
+privilege more than a resentment to repeat the
+
+24
+00:01:33,960 --> 00:01:37,070
+same course again. Good, thank you. So you are
+
+25
+00:01:37,070 --> 00:01:41,970
+affirming what I'm doing here. Thank you for this
+
+26
+00:01:41,970 --> 00:01:46,230
+report. Yes, you can attend the course more than
+
+27
+00:01:46,230 --> 00:01:48,670
+once, but every time you have something new. Yeah.
+
+28
+00:01:49,350 --> 00:01:52,130
+Okay, yes. Let's see if you can.
+
+29
+00:02:01,670 --> 00:02:05,510
+Good morning, everybody. Having been ill for a
+
+30
+00:02:05,510 --> 00:02:07,610
+couple of days, I was compelled to miss the poetry
+
+31
+00:02:07,610 --> 00:02:10,630
+class. Though I came back last class and was quite
+
+32
+00:02:10,630 --> 00:02:15,730
+thrilled at the nicely air-conditioned room with
+
+33
+00:02:15,730 --> 00:02:19,530
+the air that was tickling my still warm face, the
+
+34
+00:02:19,530 --> 00:02:24,280
+cameras were behind me and Being not having not
+
+35
+00:02:24,280 --> 00:02:27,200
+prepared yet I was trying to sing further in my
+
+36
+00:02:27,200 --> 00:02:29,760
+chair and hide between the colorful heads in the
+
+37
+00:02:29,760 --> 00:02:32,400
+class. The poem being discussed however seemed
+
+38
+00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:35,420
+pretty fun and easy to analyze. Dr. Akram's
+
+39
+00:02:35,420 --> 00:02:38,500
+exploration investigation of the various aesthetic
+
+40
+00:02:38,500 --> 00:02:42,220
+and figurative elements were really nice and were
+
+41
+00:02:42,220 --> 00:02:45,160
+really exciting and got me more and more more and
+
+42
+00:02:45,160 --> 00:02:47,920
+more excited. I feel excited about the class and
+
+43
+00:02:47,920 --> 00:02:50,980
+there it goes with the next with the next class my
+
+44
+00:02:50,980 --> 00:02:53,500
+journey of exploration will begin. Thank you very
+
+45
+00:02:53,500 --> 00:02:59,040
+much. Okay, I know like most of you are willing to
+
+46
+00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:01,700
+read, but I don't like to disappoint you. You can
+
+47
+00:03:01,700 --> 00:03:04,360
+just read, come and read it quickly. Next time I'm
+
+48
+00:03:04,360 --> 00:03:11,400
+going to choose randomly. Okay, go ahead. My last
+
+49
+00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:14,840
+lecture in this class because I escaped from this
+
+50
+00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:17,600
+class. Okay, so you're coming back. You're an
+
+51
+00:03:17,600 --> 00:03:22,460
+attorney. Yes. Escaping from that room is what I
+
+52
+00:03:22,460 --> 00:03:26,320
+did. So nice, so, so comfortable. But I was just
+
+53
+00:03:26,320 --> 00:03:30,060
+like a bird in cage that could not fly. Move
+
+54
+00:03:30,060 --> 00:03:33,760
+camera one. Switch camera two. That what, what the
+
+55
+00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:37,460
+men in that room keeping said. Walking upstairs
+
+56
+00:03:37,460 --> 00:03:41,020
+with my friend. Showing me her report with little
+
+57
+00:03:41,020 --> 00:03:45,420
+shy. What amazing job you do. It, it touch me, it
+
+58
+00:03:45,420 --> 00:03:50,690
+touch from me the sky. Go ahead. beneath the hope
+
+59
+00:03:50,690 --> 00:03:54,270
+that gives life to whose heart is dead. Kick out
+
+60
+00:03:54,270 --> 00:03:58,030
+your fright and just try. One day your struggle
+
+61
+00:03:58,030 --> 00:04:03,070
+will end and we'll see the shine of success laying
+
+62
+00:04:03,070 --> 00:04:06,790
+in your bed. With determination one could not be
+
+63
+00:04:06,790 --> 00:04:12,730
+but guy. Finally she started reading and my heart
+
+64
+00:04:12,730 --> 00:04:16,150
+with pleasure flied. Wow, great doing, my
+
+65
+00:04:16,150 --> 00:04:20,280
+professor said. Then, with our interesting poem,
+
+66
+00:04:20,540 --> 00:04:24,880
+we go deep and high. The time passed away, and one
+
+67
+00:04:24,880 --> 00:04:30,160
+idea didn't leave my head. Can I write well as my
+
+68
+00:04:30,160 --> 00:04:34,940
+friend? Yes, you can do whatever live in your
+
+69
+00:04:34,940 --> 00:04:40,700
+side. Just be strong and don't let it die. This is
+
+70
+00:04:40,700 --> 00:04:43,960
+very interesting. I like this report because it's
+
+71
+00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:48,640
+creative. It has some poetic aspect. And I like it
+
+72
+00:04:48,640 --> 00:04:55,280
+also because it runs against the motif of the
+
+73
+00:04:55,280 --> 00:04:59,480
+poem. Because you see in the poem, the poet was
+
+74
+00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:04,900
+frustrated, the poet was disappointed, and it
+
+75
+00:05:04,900 --> 00:05:11,500
+seems like he has already, you know, made up his
+
+76
+00:05:11,500 --> 00:05:14,860
+mind, like to relinquish, to give up, you know,
+
+77
+00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:19,110
+any attempt of hunting, you know, the deer. But
+
+78
+00:05:19,110 --> 00:05:22,470
+here, here we have a student who is persistent,
+
+79
+00:05:22,870 --> 00:05:27,510
+who's not going to give up. You see? Good. So
+
+80
+00:05:27,510 --> 00:05:30,890
+today's class is going to be a little bit
+
+81
+00:05:30,890 --> 00:05:36,190
+different. Like it's practical more than me just
+
+82
+00:05:36,190 --> 00:05:40,550
+talking. I know that I assigned you to read the
+
+83
+00:05:40,550 --> 00:05:43,410
+first part of the critical plan. So just I want
+
+84
+00:05:44,230 --> 00:05:47,770
+first at the beginning to see what you have
+
+85
+00:05:47,770 --> 00:05:51,430
+understood. Then we're going to go through or to
+
+86
+00:05:51,430 --> 00:05:55,530
+go again through like the aesthetics to show you
+
+87
+00:05:55,530 --> 00:05:59,930
+the aesthetics and to see how we can link between
+
+88
+00:05:59,930 --> 00:06:04,330
+like the aesthetics and the meaning of the poem or
+
+89
+00:06:04,330 --> 00:06:08,570
+let's say the possible meaning of the poem. So let
+
+90
+00:06:08,570 --> 00:06:12,110
+me ask you, what do you think of the first part of
+
+91
+00:06:12,110 --> 00:06:12,870
+the critical plot?
+
+92
+00:06:16,680 --> 00:06:20,720
+Yes. Yes, please. When you want to be excited
+
+93
+00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:23,580
+about, you should answer some questions. Yes.
+
+94
+00:06:23,720 --> 00:06:30,760
+First, you have to understand
+
+95
+00:06:30,760 --> 00:06:35,620
+the course and language and read it again and more
+
+96
+00:06:35,620 --> 00:06:39,760
+again in order to understand it deeply and then So
+
+97
+00:06:39,760 --> 00:06:43,960
+yes, yes, you think like when we embark on reading
+
+98
+00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:47,360
+any poem, we don't have like just to go to the
+
+99
+00:06:47,360 --> 00:06:50,420
+poem without asking ourselves some questions.
+
+100
+00:06:50,980 --> 00:06:54,640
+Because I think asking questions will help us to
+
+101
+00:06:54,640 --> 00:07:01,900
+have a better understanding of the poem. So this
+
+102
+00:07:01,900 --> 00:07:05,110
+is very important. So who's speaking to whom? What
+
+103
+00:07:05,110 --> 00:07:08,390
+is like the setting of the poem in time? What is
+
+104
+00:07:08,390 --> 00:07:11,810
+the setting of the poem in place? And so on. Like,
+
+105
+00:07:11,910 --> 00:07:15,550
+I think it is very important here when we, like in
+
+106
+00:07:15,550 --> 00:07:19,050
+this poem, who's speaking? You know? Who's
+
+107
+00:07:19,050 --> 00:07:24,070
+speaking? Yeah, like it's very important. Like a
+
+108
+00:07:24,070 --> 00:07:28,070
+courtier? You know, the poet? An ordinary man?
+
+109
+00:07:28,430 --> 00:07:32,040
+Like, who's talking? And to whom? And I think, you
+
+110
+00:07:32,040 --> 00:07:34,220
+know, how many voices we have in the poem. It's
+
+111
+00:07:34,220 --> 00:07:37,620
+very important to know, like, how many voices we
+
+112
+00:07:37,620 --> 00:07:41,560
+have in the poem. Because, like, realizing this or
+
+113
+00:07:41,560 --> 00:07:43,940
+finding answers to these questions will help us to
+
+114
+00:07:43,940 --> 00:07:48,660
+draft our, you know, let's say, initial critique
+
+115
+00:07:48,660 --> 00:07:52,600
+of the poem. Good. Let's see if somebody else,
+
+116
+00:07:52,760 --> 00:07:54,880
+like, what do you understand from what you have
+
+117
+00:07:54,880 --> 00:07:58,140
+read? Yes?
+
+118
+00:08:07,750 --> 00:08:10,030
+So let's go through the question. The first
+
+119
+00:08:10,030 --> 00:08:13,090
+question, what is like, who's talking, I think?
+
+120
+00:08:13,750 --> 00:08:18,010
+What is the first question? The setting of the
+
+121
+00:08:18,010 --> 00:08:21,390
+poem in time. Do you think this is very important,
+
+122
+00:08:21,510 --> 00:08:27,670
+my question? Does this give us clues? And if we
+
+123
+00:08:27,670 --> 00:08:31,240
+are talking about this poem, You know, and I
+
+124
+00:08:31,240 --> 00:08:33,600
+think, you know, we have now in mind like the
+
+125
+00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:35,720
+setting of the poem. How does this help us? Yes,
+
+126
+00:08:35,800 --> 00:08:38,400
+Ana. I'm sure that it's like an essential aspect
+
+127
+00:08:38,400 --> 00:08:41,160
+that when we know the time that the poem was
+
+128
+00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:45,840
+written and we know the culture of that time, the
+
+129
+00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:49,000
+features of that time, the cases and everything
+
+130
+00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:51,100
+that happened in that time, that the poem itself
+
+131
+00:08:51,100 --> 00:08:53,990
+reflects what happened in that time. So sometimes
+
+132
+00:08:53,990 --> 00:08:57,250
+it is a reflection, sometimes it is like, you
+
+133
+00:08:57,250 --> 00:09:00,370
+know, an expansion of an idea, sometimes it runs
+
+134
+00:09:00,370 --> 00:09:03,650
+against the prominent ideas of the time. See? So
+
+135
+00:09:03,650 --> 00:09:06,410
+it's very important to understand the setting of
+
+136
+00:09:06,410 --> 00:09:09,850
+time, like when it was, when was the poem written?
+
+137
+00:09:10,090 --> 00:09:13,170
+Yes? I think it is important to know the time
+
+138
+00:09:13,170 --> 00:09:17,150
+because we have to know the period because it's,
+
+139
+00:09:17,610 --> 00:09:20,550
+every period has a specific origin.
+
+140
+00:09:25,110 --> 00:09:28,170
+expectations, right, because the poets were
+
+141
+00:09:28,170 --> 00:09:31,670
+writing for the readers of the time. And, of
+
+142
+00:09:31,670 --> 00:09:35,690
+course, they knew what they expected. Yes, Jahan?
+
+143
+00:09:35,930 --> 00:09:39,110
+I think sometimes it is actually essential, but
+
+144
+00:09:39,110 --> 00:09:41,890
+sometimes it really doesn't matter. Sometimes you
+
+145
+00:09:41,890 --> 00:09:44,570
+have a text that means something back in time, but
+
+146
+00:09:44,570 --> 00:09:47,110
+when you read it now, it gives the meaning a whole
+
+147
+00:09:47,110 --> 00:09:49,590
+different dimension. So it also gives it richness.
+
+148
+00:09:50,100 --> 00:09:52,700
+when you don't really attach it to a specific
+
+149
+00:09:52,700 --> 00:09:54,760
+period of time. When you just take it as a chance.
+
+150
+00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:56,860
+You are right, but this depends on what kind of
+
+151
+00:09:56,860 --> 00:09:59,000
+critic you are. If we are dealing with new
+
+152
+00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:02,620
+critics, of course, like Jehan studied, like
+
+153
+00:10:02,620 --> 00:10:06,520
+schools of criticism. Like, yes, if we are dealing
+
+154
+00:10:06,520 --> 00:10:09,740
+with new critics, we have to forget anything
+
+155
+00:10:09,740 --> 00:10:13,560
+underground. But nowadays, the most prominent
+
+156
+00:10:13,560 --> 00:10:19,600
+schools of criticism are
+
+157
+00:10:20,100 --> 00:10:23,940
+the cultural critics and the neo-hystericists. The
+
+158
+00:10:23,940 --> 00:10:27,940
+neo-hystericists think that the poem was a kind of
+
+159
+00:10:27,940 --> 00:10:33,080
+dialogue between the text and the age itself.
+
+160
+00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:37,900
+Okay, but thank you. This means we don't have,
+
+161
+00:10:38,360 --> 00:10:43,620
+yes, it is very important to know the time, but we
+
+162
+00:10:43,620 --> 00:10:49,460
+can discuss the poem, you know, in isolation, but
+
+163
+00:10:49,460 --> 00:10:52,280
+this gives us like very objective. Yes? So I think
+
+164
+00:10:52,280 --> 00:10:56,940
+it's like a vital way or strategy to study history
+
+165
+00:10:56,940 --> 00:11:01,220
+by reading that poem from like ages ago. Yeah. So
+
+166
+00:11:01,220 --> 00:11:04,220
+I think also it is a kind of revision because, you
+
+167
+00:11:04,220 --> 00:11:07,900
+know, sometimes we take what other people say for
+
+168
+00:11:07,900 --> 00:11:11,600
+granted. And in the poem, I don't know, like, we
+
+169
+00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:16,820
+believe the poet, However, some of you, like, was
+
+170
+00:11:16,820 --> 00:11:20,580
+a little bit cynical, like they didn't trust what
+
+171
+00:11:20,580 --> 00:11:23,440
+the poet said, they didn't believe him and they
+
+172
+00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:28,820
+started like to think of the whole anti-feminist
+
+173
+00:11:28,820 --> 00:11:32,200
+culture of the time. You see what I mean? Because
+
+174
+00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:35,310
+some of you Like, didn't believe that the poet
+
+175
+00:11:35,310 --> 00:11:40,970
+was, you know, in that way was a victim, but he
+
+176
+00:11:40,970 --> 00:11:45,070
+was rather a victimizer. So all these things might
+
+177
+00:11:45,070 --> 00:11:49,290
+be aroused when you think, what is the setting of
+
+178
+00:11:49,290 --> 00:11:52,910
+the poem in time? And then, what is the setting of
+
+179
+00:11:52,910 --> 00:11:56,310
+the poem in place? It's very important. You know,
+
+180
+00:11:56,470 --> 00:11:59,950
+the place. Because sometimes, like, the place
+
+181
+00:11:59,950 --> 00:12:06,460
+might restrict you to certain norms. If we think
+
+182
+00:12:06,460 --> 00:12:10,860
+of our poet as, you know, a courtier, a man who
+
+183
+00:12:10,860 --> 00:12:13,620
+was living in a court, so I think he had to
+
+184
+00:12:13,620 --> 00:12:17,640
+respect the rules, the regulations of the court.
+
+185
+00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:21,860
+Otherwise, he would be put in prison, like what
+
+186
+00:12:21,860 --> 00:12:26,860
+happened to him. So I think the place, sometimes
+
+187
+00:12:26,860 --> 00:12:29,980
+we are affected by the place. So if you are
+
+188
+00:12:29,980 --> 00:12:34,210
+talking about Like, you know, the place of the
+
+189
+00:12:34,210 --> 00:12:37,290
+poem, you have the hunting scenes, and I think
+
+190
+00:12:37,290 --> 00:12:42,710
+hunting was like a picture of the daily life of
+
+191
+00:12:42,710 --> 00:12:47,520
+the royal family during that time. a sport like
+
+192
+00:12:47,520 --> 00:12:49,740
+one kind of sports the king was involved in is
+
+193
+00:12:49,740 --> 00:12:53,640
+like to go hunting and I think hunting has to do
+
+194
+00:12:53,640 --> 00:12:58,840
+with like it is very it is a leisure activity you
+
+195
+00:12:58,840 --> 00:13:03,700
+know but it is like a leisure activity for
+
+196
+00:13:03,700 --> 00:13:08,420
+aristocrats for high class people so I think all
+
+197
+00:13:08,420 --> 00:13:12,440
+of these might come to our mind okay what other
+
+198
+00:13:12,440 --> 00:13:17,840
+questions we have Who's the speaker? Do you think
+
+199
+00:13:17,840 --> 00:13:19,480
+it's very important to know who's the speaker?
+
+200
+00:13:19,820 --> 00:13:22,720
+Who's the speaker in the poem? Who's the speaker?
+
+201
+00:13:23,740 --> 00:13:23,940
+Okay?
+
+202
+00:13:26,800 --> 00:13:32,780
+The poet? The poet, a man? A woman? Yeah, we have
+
+203
+00:13:32,780 --> 00:13:35,560
+the voice of a woman, but the main speaker is a
+
+204
+00:13:35,560 --> 00:13:41,060
+man. But don't you think, like, the man here, the
+
+205
+00:13:41,060 --> 00:13:46,090
+speaker voice is stronger than any voice? And even
+
+206
+00:13:46,090 --> 00:13:51,990
+when he let her speak about herself, he chose
+
+207
+00:13:51,990 --> 00:13:56,830
+something, you know, a certain thing, no limi
+
+208
+00:13:56,830 --> 00:14:01,950
+tangere. That was a little bit offensive, if you
+
+209
+00:14:01,950 --> 00:14:08,010
+want to say. So he subsumed her voice. I mean, he
+
+210
+00:14:08,010 --> 00:14:15,720
+included her voice in his voice. OK, good. To
+
+211
+00:14:15,720 --> 00:14:19,960
+whom? Like to whom? I think in the poem.
+
+212
+00:14:25,140 --> 00:14:30,460
+So he was talking to other hunters? He was talking
+
+213
+00:14:30,460 --> 00:14:35,780
+to other men? He was talking to other ladies?
+
+214
+00:14:37,860 --> 00:14:42,920
+Anybody who accused him? And anybody who was
+
+215
+00:14:42,920 --> 00:14:46,610
+envious of him because like some people Some
+
+216
+00:14:46,610 --> 00:14:50,350
+people envied him and they thought, you know, he
+
+217
+00:14:50,350 --> 00:14:53,930
+was privileged, but he wanted to show them that
+
+218
+00:14:53,930 --> 00:14:56,310
+his life was different. Okay.
+
+219
+00:15:00,570 --> 00:15:03,010
+Don't you think he was talking to the king as
+
+220
+00:15:03,010 --> 00:15:11,050
+well? To the king. Imagine yourself the king. What
+
+221
+00:15:11,050 --> 00:15:16,450
+would reaction, what would your reaction be? Would
+
+222
+00:15:16,450 --> 00:15:21,870
+you be happy or you would not be happy? Why?
+
+223
+00:15:24,930 --> 00:15:28,750
+Yes? Would you be happy like if you were the king
+
+224
+00:15:28,750 --> 00:15:33,010
+and listen to this? You know? No? Why?
+
+225
+00:15:38,810 --> 00:15:42,470
+Yeah, I think he would be mad because he's talking
+
+226
+00:15:42,470 --> 00:15:49,110
+about his wife, you know? Good. Who thinks she
+
+227
+00:15:49,110 --> 00:15:57,250
+would be happy? Yes. Yeah, he gave up. And I
+
+228
+00:15:57,250 --> 00:16:00,910
+think, you know, also like No Limit Tanjer, like
+
+229
+00:16:00,910 --> 00:16:06,190
+because he's the most powerful. Nobody is allowed
+
+230
+00:16:06,190 --> 00:16:11,130
+to rival or to vie with him because he is an
+
+231
+00:16:11,130 --> 00:16:14,050
+absolute power. I think, you know, he might be
+
+232
+00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:19,860
+happy or angry, it depends how we interpret this.
+
+233
+00:16:22,230 --> 00:16:26,890
+And the last question is, after answering all
+
+234
+00:16:26,890 --> 00:16:29,330
+these questions, who is speaking to whom, the
+
+235
+00:16:29,330 --> 00:16:34,610
+setting, the place, what is the poem about? This
+
+236
+00:16:34,610 --> 00:16:36,510
+is the most important thing. What is the poem
+
+237
+00:16:36,510 --> 00:16:41,230
+about? So let me, because this is what I want you
+
+238
+00:16:41,230 --> 00:16:46,840
+to do today, is to divide in groups. And then
+
+239
+00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:52,400
+start to write what might the poem be about. Okay?
+
+240
+00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:59,060
+Good. So let's see. What do you think the poem is
+
+241
+00:16:59,060 --> 00:17:03,400
+about? It's about courtly love. What do you mean
+
+242
+00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:09,400
+courtly love? Women from the high class fall in
+
+243
+00:17:09,400 --> 00:17:13,860
+love with a man from the low class. Fall in love
+
+244
+00:17:13,860 --> 00:17:18,360
+with a woman from the high class. Okay, so this is
+
+245
+00:17:18,360 --> 00:17:21,620
+like, you know, the meaning we see in the poem.
+
+246
+00:17:23,780 --> 00:17:27,420
+Unattainable love, courtly love, and again this is
+
+247
+00:17:27,420 --> 00:17:32,080
+an exercise of masculinity. But let's see, let's
+
+248
+00:17:32,080 --> 00:17:34,080
+put this, because this is one of the strongest
+
+249
+00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:38,360
+themes. It is a possible theme. Do you have more
+
+250
+00:17:38,360 --> 00:17:39,680
+themes like this?
+
+251
+00:17:44,200 --> 00:17:49,220
+So do you want to say like the poem is about a
+
+252
+00:17:49,220 --> 00:17:52,860
+class hierarchy like in that society? Like
+
+253
+00:17:52,860 --> 00:17:57,220
+privileged people who are holding the power, who
+
+254
+00:17:57,220 --> 00:18:02,720
+are holding the money, and the disprivileged
+
+255
+00:18:02,720 --> 00:18:06,560
+people who are having nothing, you see, the weak.
+
+256
+00:18:07,680 --> 00:18:12,020
+And like if we say who are the weak people, we
+
+257
+00:18:12,020 --> 00:18:17,040
+might list The poet means this, the woman, you
+
+258
+00:18:17,040 --> 00:18:19,660
+know, and even other hunters, you know, because
+
+259
+00:18:19,660 --> 00:18:24,260
+they were doing the same thing. Good. What else?
+
+260
+00:18:27,780 --> 00:18:33,960
+It's still like it is, you know, courtly love. But
+
+261
+00:18:33,960 --> 00:18:37,680
+like here we have about unattainable, it is about
+
+262
+00:18:37,680 --> 00:18:43,820
+unattainable goal. It is about power, you know.
+
+263
+00:18:44,630 --> 00:18:45,210
+What else?
+
+264
+00:18:51,290 --> 00:18:54,210
+Yeah, it's about class division itself.
+
+265
+00:18:57,030 --> 00:19:00,330
+I don't know. Evaluating.
+
+266
+00:19:06,710 --> 00:19:07,270
+Yeah,
+
+267
+00:19:10,130 --> 00:19:13,310
+but still it's about attainable goal and
+
+268
+00:19:13,310 --> 00:19:16,330
+attainable, you know, ambition. Like everybody of
+
+269
+00:19:16,330 --> 00:19:19,070
+us has an ambition, but sometimes we have a lot of
+
+270
+00:19:19,070 --> 00:19:22,890
+hindrances that impede like the achievement or the
+
+271
+00:19:22,890 --> 00:19:27,670
+fulfillment of this. Okay. Now I think we have
+
+272
+00:19:27,670 --> 00:19:32,390
+today what I'm going to do is like to make you
+
+273
+00:19:32,390 --> 00:19:36,490
+write down what you think the poem about. But let
+
+274
+00:19:36,490 --> 00:19:42,270
+me just remind you of the
+
+275
+00:19:42,270 --> 00:19:45,170
+aesthetics. Like last time we looked at the rhyme,
+
+276
+00:19:46,290 --> 00:19:54,530
+and we said we have, as you see, A, B, B, A, A, B,
+
+277
+00:19:54,550 --> 00:20:00,450
+B, A, and then C, D, E, C, D, E, like this might
+
+278
+00:20:00,450 --> 00:20:05,290
+happen in the poem. I don't know how you can make
+
+279
+00:20:05,290 --> 00:20:09,830
+use of this when you are going to write your
+
+280
+00:20:09,830 --> 00:20:12,990
+critique. What are we going to do with this? Yes,
+
+281
+00:20:13,090 --> 00:20:15,430
+this is a patriarchal consonant. The patriarchal
+
+282
+00:20:15,430 --> 00:20:20,170
+consonant has two sides, you know, has, you know,
+
+283
+00:20:20,830 --> 00:20:25,150
+has two parts, the octave and the system. So you
+
+284
+00:20:25,150 --> 00:20:28,910
+might think of the whole argument, how the whole
+
+285
+00:20:28,910 --> 00:20:33,190
+argument is distributed. You might think of the
+
+286
+00:20:33,190 --> 00:20:40,030
+words that make rhyme and their impact on us. You
+
+287
+00:20:40,030 --> 00:20:44,690
+might think also of the change, you know, he's
+
+288
+00:20:44,690 --> 00:20:47,770
+doing, he's trying, because Sir Thomas White was
+
+289
+00:20:47,770 --> 00:20:52,610
+experimenting, and we don't have like here, you
+
+290
+00:20:52,610 --> 00:20:55,510
+know, we have in this state, like he's not
+
+291
+00:20:55,510 --> 00:20:59,530
+consistent. And even you can do it like this, or
+
+292
+00:20:59,530 --> 00:21:04,090
+you can end by EE, which is a couplet. If you look
+
+293
+00:21:04,090 --> 00:21:08,950
+at the couplet, do you think It is valuable in
+
+294
+00:21:08,950 --> 00:21:13,570
+itself. Is there something he is stressing in that
+
+295
+00:21:13,570 --> 00:21:17,790
+couplet? So all these things you might ask when
+
+296
+00:21:17,790 --> 00:21:20,490
+you write, when you want to make use of the rhyme
+
+297
+00:21:20,490 --> 00:21:25,170
+itself. See what I mean? I'll leave this for you.
+
+298
+00:21:25,690 --> 00:21:30,050
+And we'll see what you're going to write. And then
+
+299
+00:21:30,050 --> 00:21:32,690
+the rhythm. I don't know what you are going to do
+
+300
+00:21:32,690 --> 00:21:37,100
+with rhythm. Yes, we have rhythm, and as you see,
+
+301
+00:21:37,240 --> 00:21:40,840
+the rhythm is a kind of iambic pentameter. But not
+
+302
+00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:45,160
+all the poems like this. We have some verses like
+
+303
+00:21:45,160 --> 00:21:49,240
+we have extra syllables. But this is, as you see,
+
+304
+00:21:49,720 --> 00:21:55,240
+but as, but as, for me, unless, I may, no more.
+
+305
+00:21:55,600 --> 00:21:59,580
+Titam, titam, titam, titam. It's like unchi,
+
+306
+00:21:59,780 --> 00:22:04,140
+unchi, unchi, unchi. Like unstressed, stressed.
+
+307
+00:22:04,580 --> 00:22:10,960
+You know, if we look here, but as you see, but as
+
+308
+00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:24,360
+for me, unless I may know more. So, it is iambic
+
+309
+00:22:24,360 --> 00:22:27,420
+pentameter, and I don't know what you are going to
+
+310
+00:22:27,420 --> 00:22:30,920
+do with this, you know, this meter, okay?
+
+311
+00:22:33,760 --> 00:22:40,580
+It's musical, of course, but it is like this, ti
+
+312
+00:22:40,580 --> 00:22:45,940
+tam, ti tam, ti tam, ti tam. Can you link it with
+
+313
+00:22:45,940 --> 00:22:50,360
+anything related to the feeling of the poem, the
+
+314
+00:22:50,360 --> 00:22:51,880
+feeling of disappointment, the feeling of
+
+315
+00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:55,120
+whatever? So it's very important. If you cannot,
+
+316
+00:22:55,460 --> 00:22:59,840
+leave it. But I would encourage you to make use of
+
+317
+00:22:59,840 --> 00:23:01,400
+these aesthetic things.
+
+318
+00:23:07,190 --> 00:23:11,450
+Yes? Okay, now, like here, Jihan started to
+
+319
+00:23:11,450 --> 00:23:14,390
+reflect upon this, you know, because if we are
+
+320
+00:23:14,390 --> 00:23:17,290
+talking about like frustration, like hope and
+
+321
+00:23:17,290 --> 00:23:19,710
+frustration, so it is, you have this
+
+322
+00:23:19,710 --> 00:23:24,170
+interchangeable effect, you know, it might be. I
+
+323
+00:23:24,170 --> 00:23:26,390
+don't want like to rule out something to say,
+
+324
+00:23:26,530 --> 00:23:33,310
+okay, sorry, Here are some of the themes. You
+
+325
+00:23:33,310 --> 00:23:37,430
+might embrace some of them. And I would leave
+
+326
+00:23:37,430 --> 00:23:41,530
+these themes. When you read, it's about attainable
+
+327
+00:23:41,530 --> 00:23:43,390
+love.
+
+328
+00:23:44,710 --> 00:23:47,810
+As you see, the speaker chases a woman whom he
+
+329
+00:23:47,810 --> 00:23:50,510
+cannot and must not reach, and must not reach.
+
+330
+00:23:50,930 --> 00:23:54,650
+She's a taboo. She is something you cannot reach.
+
+331
+00:23:54,690 --> 00:23:58,970
+You know what I mean? For she is a prize of the
+
+332
+00:23:58,970 --> 00:24:05,250
+ruler of the land. So nobody can challenge the
+
+333
+00:24:05,250 --> 00:24:10,170
+king. And I'm not sure whether the poet was
+
+334
+00:24:10,170 --> 00:24:16,470
+antagonist or accomplice with the king. So he
+
+335
+00:24:16,470 --> 00:24:20,670
+might be like a media machine for the king, hey
+
+336
+00:24:20,670 --> 00:24:25,810
+hunters, if you are trying to do like this, this
+
+337
+00:24:25,810 --> 00:24:29,010
+is your fate will be. So he might be admonishing
+
+338
+00:24:29,010 --> 00:24:37,450
+them, warning them. If Annabelle approaches, let's
+
+339
+00:24:37,450 --> 00:24:43,610
+say, what is related to the king or something the
+
+340
+00:24:43,610 --> 00:24:46,510
+king owns, you'll be in trouble. Do you see what I
+
+341
+00:24:46,510 --> 00:24:52,370
+mean? Shakespeare, in most of his plays, promoted
+
+342
+00:24:52,370 --> 00:24:58,650
+that culture, like the king was divine and nobody,
+
+343
+00:24:59,030 --> 00:25:02,710
+you know, in the kingdom should think for a moment
+
+344
+00:25:02,710 --> 00:25:07,370
+to contest that power. Otherwise, he would be
+
+345
+00:25:07,370 --> 00:25:13,090
+ostracized. Ostracized means like marginalized or
+
+346
+00:25:13,090 --> 00:25:18,430
+treated badly. You see what I mean? Good. Another
+
+347
+00:25:18,430 --> 00:25:21,810
+theme is like bowing to absolute power. Like this
+
+348
+00:25:21,810 --> 00:25:24,550
+is what I'm talking about. The king is a power and
+
+349
+00:25:24,550 --> 00:25:28,680
+so you are You know you are showing veneration and
+
+350
+00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:32,600
+submission to that culture These are possible
+
+351
+00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:34,760
+themes you can add to the courtly love
+
+352
+00:25:34,760 --> 00:25:38,120
+Unattainable
+
+353
+00:25:38,120 --> 00:25:43,640
+goal And you can read I can leave this for you
+
+354
+00:25:43,640 --> 00:25:48,320
+like on the page to read And
+
+355
+00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:52,800
+here we have all the metaphors we talk about you
+
+356
+00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:57,110
+know and I think the alliteration, so you have the
+
+357
+00:25:57,110 --> 00:25:59,730
+metaphor, the alliteration, you have the metaphor,
+
+358
+00:26:00,390 --> 00:26:04,250
+you have the paradox. So all these are elements
+
+359
+00:26:04,250 --> 00:26:09,670
+that you should use when you write. But now, with
+
+360
+00:26:09,670 --> 00:26:14,910
+all these things in mind, how to start is the
+
+361
+00:26:14,910 --> 00:26:22,590
+biggest question. How to start? Now, I think it's
+
+362
+00:26:22,590 --> 00:26:27,090
+very important, to contextualize the poem, it's
+
+363
+00:26:27,090 --> 00:26:29,090
+very important to write the first paragraph.
+
+364
+00:26:30,010 --> 00:26:35,790
+Because if you write the first paragraph in which
+
+365
+00:26:35,790 --> 00:26:42,450
+you have to articulate your thesis, your thesis
+
+366
+00:26:42,450 --> 00:26:44,810
+statement, the topic sentence, and the topic
+
+367
+00:26:44,810 --> 00:26:47,530
+sentence, when we are talking of the poem, should
+
+368
+00:26:47,530 --> 00:26:54,240
+include the main idea of the poem. So you might
+
+369
+00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:59,900
+say, let me just help you. This poem seems to be
+
+370
+00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:01,400
+about, let me write even.
+
+371
+00:27:07,260 --> 00:27:09,000
+So I might start saying,
+
+372
+00:27:21,310 --> 00:27:28,330
+This poem, or I might, it's good to say, Huzo Lesz
+
+373
+00:27:28,330 --> 00:27:32,410
+Zohan is
+
+374
+00:27:32,410 --> 00:27:38,050
+a poem or is a sonnet. I prefer like, if you, it
+
+375
+00:27:38,050 --> 00:27:40,390
+is different when you say it is a sonnet. It is a
+
+376
+00:27:40,390 --> 00:27:43,490
+sonnet, you show that, you start to fuse. It's a
+
+377
+00:27:43,490 --> 00:27:47,250
+sonnet written
+
+378
+00:27:47,250 --> 00:27:49,930
+by
+
+379
+00:28:14,840 --> 00:28:21,140
+Poet or courtier. Poet, and you say he's a
+
+380
+00:28:21,140 --> 00:28:21,760
+courtier.
+
+381
+00:28:25,740 --> 00:28:34,720
+The main theme of the poem seems to be about...
+
+382
+00:28:34,720 --> 00:28:38,080
+The main theme of the poem, after that you say,
+
+383
+00:28:38,540 --> 00:28:42,840
+the main theme
+
+384
+00:28:44,830 --> 00:28:55,490
+Okay, the main theme of the poem seems,
+
+385
+00:28:55,590 --> 00:28:59,930
+I don't want you to say it is, because this is a
+
+386
+00:28:59,930 --> 00:29:06,670
+possibility. We don't want to exhaust any other
+
+387
+00:29:06,670 --> 00:29:10,270
+possibility by saying it is. So the theme might
+
+388
+00:29:10,270 --> 00:29:13,330
+be, seems to be about courtly love.
+
+389
+00:29:16,820 --> 00:29:28,160
+The theme of the poem seems to
+
+390
+00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:30,760
+be about,
+
+391
+00:29:33,140 --> 00:29:34,900
+after articulating this,
+
+392
+00:29:47,920 --> 00:29:51,420
+It's about courtly love.
+
+393
+00:29:52,960 --> 00:29:56,820
+After this, it's very important now to say what is
+
+394
+00:29:56,820 --> 00:29:59,120
+courtly love and to relate this.
+
+395
+00:30:02,040 --> 00:30:08,060
+The persona who represents the poet is greatly
+
+396
+00:30:08,060 --> 00:30:11,460
+frustrated. Now, this is what we say, the
+
+397
+00:30:11,460 --> 00:30:16,660
+elaboration. And look here, the elaboration is
+
+398
+00:30:16,660 --> 00:30:20,340
+very important. Why? Because the way you are
+
+399
+00:30:20,340 --> 00:30:22,960
+elaborating, it means you are creating your
+
+400
+00:30:22,960 --> 00:30:27,860
+controlling ideas. So the poet is greatly
+
+401
+00:30:27,860 --> 00:30:33,720
+devastated because of the changeability and the
+
+402
+00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:39,700
+inconsistency of a woman or the woman. So here,
+
+403
+00:30:41,840 --> 00:30:44,480
+When you say the changeability, when you say this,
+
+404
+00:30:44,660 --> 00:30:50,000
+like, it means you are enunciating your, like,
+
+405
+00:30:50,140 --> 00:30:54,080
+controlling ideas. And this is in itself like how
+
+406
+00:30:54,080 --> 00:30:58,940
+we start, okay? Now I would leave you to work in
+
+407
+00:30:58,940 --> 00:31:01,440
+groups, I'll give you like 10 minutes for this
+
+408
+00:31:01,440 --> 00:31:04,760
+exercise, and listen, like groups of three or
+
+409
+00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:08,580
+four, and just like try to write, make use of the
+
+410
+00:31:08,580 --> 00:31:12,880
+whatever figure of speech, but I think, you know,
+
+411
+00:31:13,320 --> 00:31:17,020
+some of you might need to write about the theme,
+
+412
+00:31:17,920 --> 00:31:21,280
+okay? So here, like group of three, write about
+
+413
+00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:26,020
+the possibility. And I want you, this, like to
+
+414
+00:31:26,020 --> 00:31:29,780
+make use of the You know, figures of speech. You
+
+415
+00:31:29,780 --> 00:31:32,120
+know? So they might say, Cortado, what about the
+
+416
+00:31:32,120 --> 00:31:33,920
+figure of speech? They might say, you know,
+
+417
+00:31:34,020 --> 00:31:37,560
+terrible goal, what are the rules? You might also
+
+418
+00:31:37,560 --> 00:31:40,060
+make use of the right and the left. Tell me how
+
+419
+00:31:40,060 --> 00:31:43,940
+the right and the left are very important. So,
+
+420
+00:31:44,500 --> 00:31:48,520
+okay. So here you work out the possible theme.
+
+421
+00:31:49,200 --> 00:31:51,780
+Here you try to tell us how the figures of speech
+
+422
+00:31:51,780 --> 00:31:55,420
+are related to the theme. And here, you know,
+
+423
+00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:04,480
+If you need any help, I'm just coming around.
+
+424
+00:32:06,160 --> 00:32:10,200
+Okay, let's see. Let's see here like those who
+
+425
+00:32:10,200 --> 00:32:14,740
+wrote about the possibility. Yes, please. So you
+
+426
+00:32:14,740 --> 00:32:17,620
+think that the poem is still courtly love?
+
+427
+00:32:22,740 --> 00:32:23,420
+Okay,
+
+428
+00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:29,800
+but we cannot write like you are defining courtly
+
+429
+00:32:29,800 --> 00:32:33,540
+love, you know, not talking about the theme of the
+
+430
+00:32:33,540 --> 00:32:37,660
+poem. Okay, now, like, when you write about the
+
+431
+00:32:37,660 --> 00:32:40,180
+theme of the poem, you have to elaborate, you
+
+432
+00:32:40,180 --> 00:32:43,060
+know, it only, but don't give a definition of the
+
+433
+00:32:43,060 --> 00:32:46,140
+court levau. Otherwise, you know you're, this is
+
+434
+00:32:46,140 --> 00:32:48,860
+like the aggression, like you're not writing about
+
+435
+00:32:48,860 --> 00:32:52,660
+the poem. Okay, let's suppose that the poet is,
+
+436
+00:32:52,860 --> 00:32:56,480
+the poem is about court levau, and the poet is
+
+437
+00:32:56,480 --> 00:32:59,680
+frustrated, disappointed, because of the
+
+438
+00:32:59,680 --> 00:33:03,220
+inconsistency of the lady, because of, you know,
+
+439
+00:33:03,980 --> 00:33:07,180
+the dishonesty because of her fickleness, okay?
+
+440
+00:33:08,640 --> 00:33:12,900
+And he was like to remove any blame to exonerate
+
+441
+00:33:12,900 --> 00:33:18,220
+himself. Now, in the poem, we have, let's say, the
+
+442
+00:33:18,220 --> 00:33:22,280
+metaphors, we have the rhythm, we have a very
+
+443
+00:33:22,280 --> 00:33:27,660
+good, I haven't thought of that. Yeah, it is
+
+444
+00:33:27,660 --> 00:33:32,900
+stressed, unstressed. Like again, this, it is like
+
+445
+00:33:32,900 --> 00:33:36,360
+fluctuating, it keeps fluctuating and this
+
+446
+00:33:36,360 --> 00:33:38,860
+fluctuating, I don't know, I have thought of it
+
+447
+00:33:38,860 --> 00:33:42,460
+also like when a hunter is hunting, you know, he
+
+448
+00:33:42,460 --> 00:33:46,340
+has hopes of catching them, these hopes are
+
+449
+00:33:46,340 --> 00:33:51,770
+smashed, okay? It's like panting up. Somebody who
+
+450
+00:33:51,770 --> 00:33:55,190
+is running, you know, he's panting out because
+
+451
+00:33:55,190 --> 00:33:58,670
+why? He cannot. Thank you. I have never thought of
+
+452
+00:33:58,670 --> 00:34:03,190
+like the rhythm fitting with the meaning of the
+
+453
+00:34:03,190 --> 00:34:07,010
+poem in this way. Okay, let's shift to the theme
+
+454
+00:34:07,010 --> 00:34:14,050
+group. I want a theme other than Cordula. Okay? We
+
+455
+00:34:14,050 --> 00:34:20,970
+want a theme other than Cordula. Yes? Yes? Class
+
+456
+00:34:20,970 --> 00:34:20,990
+division.
+
+457
+00:34:44,880 --> 00:34:45,340
+Okay,
+
+458
+00:34:55,780 --> 00:34:58,160
+so like she wants to say that the theme is the
+
+459
+00:34:58,160 --> 00:35:01,210
+class individual. Okay, do you have anything in
+
+460
+00:35:01,210 --> 00:35:05,530
+the figures of speech to substantiate that or to
+
+461
+00:35:05,530 --> 00:35:12,070
+help us in developing that theme? The allegory
+
+462
+00:35:12,070 --> 00:35:17,370
+itself? Yeah, very good. He can't say and express
+
+463
+00:35:17,370 --> 00:35:23,230
+feelings. He just mentioned the allegory. Yeah, so
+
+464
+00:35:23,230 --> 00:35:26,680
+do you want to say like He afraid from the king.
+
+465
+00:35:26,740 --> 00:35:30,480
+You know or normal people like are not given like
+
+466
+00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:33,680
+they don't have the right to express themselves.
+
+467
+00:35:33,920 --> 00:35:37,380
+Yes. So they opt for the use of allegory. Yes.
+
+468
+00:35:37,560 --> 00:35:37,860
+Good.
+
+469
+00:35:40,680 --> 00:35:43,760
+Also the metonymy of diamonds and ferrets. The
+
+470
+00:35:43,760 --> 00:35:46,900
+metonymy, thank you. The metonymy of diamonds. And
+
+471
+00:35:46,900 --> 00:35:48,260
+also like ferrets. We were talking about the
+
+472
+00:35:48,260 --> 00:35:51,880
+metonymy of the diamonds like this shows like
+
+473
+00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:57,780
+diamond It has to do with richness, appearance.
+
+474
+00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:01,140
+Appearance like richness. Okay? Good.
+
+475
+00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:04,820
+Yes.
+
+476
+00:36:09,460 --> 00:36:14,900
+Caesar, the word Caesar, you know, is also like an
+
+477
+00:36:14,900 --> 00:36:18,340
+economy, like standing for the power. For the
+
+478
+00:36:18,340 --> 00:36:23,420
+power. The upper class or the royal family had all
+
+479
+00:36:23,420 --> 00:36:27,940
+the power in its hand. Good. Let's see. Let's go
+
+480
+00:36:27,940 --> 00:36:32,660
+back to the rhyme and rhythm. Can you manipulate
+
+481
+00:36:32,660 --> 00:36:37,980
+it? Because I think the art of criticism is an art
+
+482
+00:36:37,980 --> 00:36:40,240
+of manipulation and persuasion. You have to
+
+483
+00:36:40,240 --> 00:36:46,540
+manipulate. They say it's about power. It's about
+
+484
+00:36:46,540 --> 00:36:47,560
+class division.
+
+485
+00:36:50,290 --> 00:36:51,330
+So what do you want to say?
+
+486
+00:36:55,230 --> 00:36:59,850
+It's a problem, huh? Yeah. Okay. So maybe, I don't
+
+487
+00:36:59,850 --> 00:37:01,750
+know, maybe we can say that the fact that he
+
+488
+00:37:01,750 --> 00:37:05,050
+actually did change in the run, even he did change
+
+489
+00:37:05,050 --> 00:37:08,870
+the meter itself, it shows you that he's actually
+
+490
+00:37:08,870 --> 00:37:12,070
+starving for power, or maybe he's trying to have
+
+491
+00:37:12,070 --> 00:37:16,270
+some sort of control or sort of Ah, very good. To
+
+492
+00:37:16,270 --> 00:37:19,790
+get a grip of something and do change it as he
+
+493
+00:37:19,790 --> 00:37:25,210
+pleases. Yeah, like, so this change, like, it has
+
+494
+00:37:25,210 --> 00:37:28,110
+to do with his attempt, like, to change. Yes, he
+
+495
+00:37:28,110 --> 00:37:31,510
+cannot. He cannot, but still, like, he's trying.
+
+496
+00:37:31,770 --> 00:37:34,250
+I'm trying. Okay, I got disappointed, but somebody
+
+497
+00:37:34,250 --> 00:37:37,730
+might continue, you know. However, like, it is
+
+498
+00:37:37,730 --> 00:37:42,130
+very disappointing, but at least I have tried to
+
+499
+00:37:42,130 --> 00:37:47,080
+change and the, you know, Just to try, it's a good
+
+500
+00:37:47,080 --> 00:37:49,460
+thing in itself. Well, thank you very much for
+
+501
+00:37:49,460 --> 00:37:52,820
+manipulating. So look here, we can manipulate any
+
+502
+00:37:52,820 --> 00:37:56,460
+figure of speech, we can manipulate any aesthetic
+
+503
+00:37:56,460 --> 00:38:00,120
+element to serve our purpose. And you should be
+
+504
+00:38:00,120 --> 00:38:05,680
+very happy because I'm not like just asking you to
+
+505
+00:38:05,680 --> 00:38:09,180
+say one specific theme. You can talk about
+
+506
+00:38:09,180 --> 00:38:13,740
+different things because what is the poem? So if
+
+507
+00:38:13,740 --> 00:38:16,820
+we say it is about this, it means like we finished
+
+508
+00:38:16,820 --> 00:38:21,920
+the whole poem, okay? I think I should, we should
+
+509
+00:38:21,920 --> 00:38:26,020
+stop here, but it is now, this is the first
+
+510
+00:38:26,020 --> 00:38:31,420
+experience with a poem like this. Next time we are
+
+511
+00:38:31,420 --> 00:38:36,180
+moving to another poem, another poem, we're going
+
+512
+00:38:36,180 --> 00:38:41,740
+to read another song, which is a description of
+
+513
+00:38:41,740 --> 00:38:45,340
+strength. description before, I mean, written by
+
+514
+00:38:45,340 --> 00:38:48,540
+Henry Howard Carroll of Surrey. He was
+
+515
+00:38:48,540 --> 00:38:50,760
+contemporary. And it's very important when you
+
+516
+00:38:50,760 --> 00:38:53,940
+respond, like, to pay attention to details, like,
+
+517
+00:38:54,380 --> 00:38:57,420
+the differences between the two poems. So thank
+
+518
+00:38:57,420 --> 00:38:59,660
+you very much, and yallah bless you.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/kqLN7IsyDI4.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1815 @@
+
+1
+00:00:12,760 --> 00:00:16,920
+Assalamualaikum. Good morning everybody. How are
+
+2
+00:00:16,920 --> 00:00:20,380
+you today? Good. I don't see many students here.
+
+3
+00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:29,140
+Right. Today, I'm going to surprise you and slow
+
+4
+00:00:29,140 --> 00:00:33,420
+down the class. I know that we're expected to have
+
+5
+00:00:33,420 --> 00:00:39,860
+Sydney, but it seems like we have to slow down
+
+6
+00:00:39,860 --> 00:00:44,200
+here in order to give time for other classes to
+
+7
+00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:49,520
+catch up. So it's our chance today to look back
+
+8
+00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:55,160
+again at rhyme, rhythm, and some areas in the
+
+9
+00:00:55,160 --> 00:01:02,520
+critical plan. But before we start, you know, as
+
+10
+00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:10,100
+usual, I need somebody like to read a report. Yes?
+
+11
+00:01:20,740 --> 00:01:24,020
+Hate you, Mr. Report. At the beginning of my
+
+12
+00:01:24,020 --> 00:01:27,780
+report, let me begin with admission that I hate
+
+13
+00:01:27,780 --> 00:01:30,780
+writing reports, even though I like the class of
+
+14
+00:01:30,780 --> 00:01:33,660
+poetry. Feeling that you have nothing to write
+
+15
+00:01:33,660 --> 00:01:38,100
+about feeling, that you have nothing to write
+
+16
+00:01:38,100 --> 00:01:40,860
+about feeling makes me hate the assignment of
+
+17
+00:01:40,860 --> 00:01:43,600
+writing reports. But I like writing reports
+
+18
+00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:48,320
+because it is at least has a theme or idea to work
+
+19
+00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:52,040
+on and write about. To talk about love picture, it
+
+20
+00:01:52,040 --> 00:01:55,300
+was enjoyable there. I didn't feel the time
+
+21
+00:01:55,300 --> 00:01:59,420
+passing us. It was a nice lecture to learn about
+
+22
+00:01:59,420 --> 00:02:03,060
+metaphor, irony, and image. After I just know
+
+23
+00:02:03,060 --> 00:02:06,400
+little about them, I feel that those figures are
+
+24
+00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:09,940
+the heart of poetry, that there is no poem without
+
+25
+00:02:09,940 --> 00:02:13,660
+a figurative language that enhances and
+
+26
+00:02:13,660 --> 00:02:17,360
+strengthens the idea of the poet, learning the way
+
+27
+00:02:19,420 --> 00:02:23,080
+to use it makes a joy to use such language in our
+
+28
+00:02:23,080 --> 00:02:25,940
+everyday language to express our gladness,
+
+29
+00:02:26,200 --> 00:02:29,100
+sadness, and even sarcastic everyday life
+
+30
+00:02:29,100 --> 00:02:33,020
+situations. Good, thank you. I do agree sometimes
+
+31
+00:02:33,020 --> 00:02:36,480
+it gets, you know, a boring process like to write
+
+32
+00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:40,580
+a report. And here, like, comes the creativity.
+
+33
+00:02:41,380 --> 00:02:43,760
+When you have, when you don't know what you are
+
+34
+00:02:43,760 --> 00:02:45,920
+going to write about. So you might look for a
+
+35
+00:02:45,920 --> 00:02:50,440
+hook. you might find very interesting hook and
+
+36
+00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:53,740
+then you write report. So the report is like to
+
+37
+00:02:53,740 --> 00:02:56,840
+get you to write. And don't forget, this is like
+
+38
+00:02:56,840 --> 00:02:59,700
+the bonus mark. It's not one of the official
+
+39
+00:02:59,700 --> 00:03:04,520
+assignment. So you don't have to complain, but
+
+40
+00:03:04,520 --> 00:03:08,060
+it's okay. You can do that. But I need you to
+
+41
+00:03:08,060 --> 00:03:11,420
+write. Okay, let's see another report. Yes,
+
+42
+00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:11,640
+please.
+
+43
+00:03:19,460 --> 00:03:23,000
+Daily Reporter. Description of spring was so nice.
+
+44
+00:03:23,140 --> 00:03:25,900
+It was the title of the previous month. The
+
+45
+00:03:25,900 --> 00:03:30,520
+previous lecture was extremely surprising. Gentle
+
+46
+00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:33,760
+and kind, I tried continuously to make up my mind
+
+47
+00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:36,920
+and decide, either to share or to be in a side.
+
+48
+00:03:37,360 --> 00:03:40,140
+Although the lecturer was in a gut mood, the
+
+49
+00:03:40,140 --> 00:03:43,500
+students were worried and wanted to conclude. He
+
+50
+00:03:43,500 --> 00:03:46,180
+asked the questions and students replied, but
+
+51
+00:03:46,180 --> 00:03:49,320
+because of the hot day, they will nearly fly.
+
+52
+00:03:49,740 --> 00:03:52,660
+Finally, we finished and the teacher said, you
+
+53
+00:03:52,660 --> 00:03:56,520
+should be prepared, increase your effort a little
+
+54
+00:03:56,520 --> 00:04:01,750
+bit. Okay, clap for her. Okay, look here, this is
+
+55
+00:04:01,750 --> 00:04:04,370
+an example of creativity.
+
+56
+00:04:06,270 --> 00:04:10,770
+But let me choose, yeah, you, you want like, this
+
+57
+00:04:10,770 --> 00:04:13,510
+is randomly to make sure everybody's writing.
+
+58
+00:04:20,950 --> 00:04:24,010
+Sometimes it's weird how time passed so fast. It
+
+59
+00:04:24,010 --> 00:04:27,650
+was just like yesterday when Dr. Akram asked us to
+
+60
+00:04:27,650 --> 00:04:30,170
+write a daily report, and I remember how confused
+
+61
+00:04:30,170 --> 00:04:35,320
+I was. But now all my fears disappeared. Now I
+
+62
+00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:37,420
+know how to write a daily report and how to write
+
+63
+00:04:37,420 --> 00:04:39,860
+a response. It is unbelievable that we already
+
+64
+00:04:39,860 --> 00:04:42,160
+finished two poems and about to start the third.
+
+65
+00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:45,540
+I'm so excited to take a poem by Sir Philip Sidney
+
+66
+00:04:45,540 --> 00:04:48,380
+because I've heard that he is a very talented boy.
+
+67
+00:04:48,860 --> 00:04:52,280
+Good, thank you very much. And we have to clap for
+
+68
+00:04:52,280 --> 00:04:57,240
+her as well. It doesn't mean that we don't like
+
+69
+00:04:57,240 --> 00:05:03,010
+what Rawan said, but it's okay. Right. Today I
+
+70
+00:05:03,010 --> 00:05:06,490
+thought it would be nice to go through two
+
+71
+00:05:06,490 --> 00:05:12,350
+important elements, more specifically two more
+
+72
+00:05:12,350 --> 00:05:17,450
+elements of poetry, the rhyme and the rhythm. And
+
+73
+00:05:17,450 --> 00:05:23,010
+then later we might go back to part two of the
+
+74
+00:05:23,010 --> 00:05:28,440
+critical plan. I think, you know, we have taken
+
+75
+00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:32,580
+two poems. We spoke about rhyme in general. But
+
+76
+00:05:32,580 --> 00:05:35,740
+today, I'll take you to be more specific to talk
+
+77
+00:05:35,740 --> 00:05:39,600
+about rhyme. Because we have many types of rhyme.
+
+78
+00:05:39,880 --> 00:05:42,020
+You might have read that.
+
+79
+00:05:49,260 --> 00:05:53,720
+As you see here, there are many types of rhyme. We
+
+80
+00:05:53,720 --> 00:05:59,200
+have perfect rhyme.No perfect rhyme. We have
+
+81
+00:05:59,200 --> 00:06:00,360
+imperfect rhyme.
+
+82
+00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:04,120
+Sorry.
+
+83
+00:06:13,280 --> 00:06:19,020
+Perfect rhyme. Imperfect rhyme. Masculine rhyme.
+
+84
+00:06:19,880 --> 00:06:25,800
+Feminine rhyme. I rhyme. Para rhyme. Okay, this is
+
+85
+00:06:25,800 --> 00:06:31,420
+more specific. I think most of you, like those who
+
+86
+00:06:31,420 --> 00:06:35,560
+read their reports, were writing poetic lines
+
+87
+00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:39,080
+using perfect rhyme. Perfect rhyme, as you see,
+
+88
+00:06:39,200 --> 00:06:43,280
+this is an example of perfect rhyme. It is like a
+
+89
+00:06:43,280 --> 00:06:48,140
+rhyme which has almost the same sound, the same
+
+90
+00:06:48,140 --> 00:06:53,030
+sound. Like this is in Spencer. help me to blaze
+
+91
+00:06:53,030 --> 00:06:59,110
+her worthy praise. Like he was praising the queen,
+
+92
+00:07:00,010 --> 00:07:05,630
+and like, you see, blaze and praise, almost the
+
+93
+00:07:05,630 --> 00:07:10,690
+same sound. Okay? So we call this perfect rhyme.
+
+94
+00:07:13,050 --> 00:07:19,250
+And another example, I saw Phobias thrust out his
+
+95
+00:07:19,250 --> 00:07:24,850
+golden head upon her to gaze, but when he saw how
+
+96
+00:07:24,850 --> 00:07:29,210
+broad her beams did spread, you know, so spread
+
+97
+00:07:29,210 --> 00:07:35,550
+and hid. So this is perfect rhyme. Now we might
+
+98
+00:07:35,550 --> 00:07:40,770
+ask when poets use perfect rhyme or when they use
+
+99
+00:07:40,770 --> 00:07:45,850
+imperfect rhyme. Sometimes in certain poems, you
+
+100
+00:07:45,850 --> 00:07:49,130
+should stick to perfect rhyme. However, poets
+
+101
+00:07:49,130 --> 00:07:52,410
+might variate between perfect and imperfect
+
+102
+00:07:52,410 --> 00:07:57,250
+according to their attitude, the atmosphere of the
+
+103
+00:07:57,250 --> 00:08:02,790
+poem. Perhaps they want to criticize or they want
+
+104
+00:08:02,790 --> 00:08:09,730
+to praise. So using the rhyme, each poet uses the
+
+105
+00:08:09,730 --> 00:08:12,230
+rhyme that fits with the topic, the subject
+
+106
+00:08:12,230 --> 00:08:18,810
+matter. We cannot now for sure say this rhyme
+
+107
+00:08:18,810 --> 00:08:21,710
+serves this purpose. It is according to the poem.
+
+108
+00:08:22,270 --> 00:08:27,470
+Sometimes you have perfect rhyme and suddenly the
+
+109
+00:08:27,470 --> 00:08:31,300
+poet changes into imperfect rhyme. Like, you don't
+
+110
+00:08:31,300 --> 00:08:34,580
+have this harmony, perhaps because there is no
+
+111
+00:08:34,580 --> 00:08:37,020
+harmony in the experience of the poet. See what I
+
+112
+00:08:37,020 --> 00:08:42,700
+mean? I remember in Wilfred Owen, Futility, he was
+
+113
+00:08:42,700 --> 00:08:46,860
+using imperfect rhyme, he was using I rhyme. And
+
+114
+00:08:46,860 --> 00:08:51,920
+why? Because he saw no pattern in life, so he did
+
+115
+00:08:51,920 --> 00:08:54,720
+not want to commit himself to any pattern of
+
+116
+00:08:54,720 --> 00:09:00,290
+poetry. So why would a poet use this rhyme? This
+
+117
+00:09:00,290 --> 00:09:06,290
+depends on the poem itself. Okay, so I think these
+
+118
+00:09:06,290 --> 00:09:12,970
+are again here in Epithelium. Epithelium is a poem
+
+119
+00:09:12,970 --> 00:09:18,890
+written by Spencer to describe his, it is a
+
+120
+00:09:18,890 --> 00:09:23,830
+matrimony poem. Matrimony, wedding. It was to
+
+121
+00:09:23,830 --> 00:09:26,530
+describe his wedding. It is a beautiful one,
+
+122
+00:09:27,170 --> 00:09:29,930
+Epithelium, if you have time to read it, you know,
+
+123
+00:09:30,030 --> 00:09:36,370
+just go and read it. So, now we'll go to another
+
+124
+00:09:36,370 --> 00:09:42,150
+type of rhyme, which is imperfect rhyme. You know,
+
+125
+00:09:42,210 --> 00:09:46,590
+imperfect rhyme, you see, it is not, it doesn't
+
+126
+00:09:46,590 --> 00:09:49,690
+have the same sound. Like you hear, you see, also
+
+127
+00:09:49,690 --> 00:09:55,070
+in the same poem of Spencer, you have though
+
+128
+00:09:55,070 --> 00:10:01,930
+hidden peril round about me placed, yet hope I
+
+129
+00:10:01,930 --> 00:10:05,910
+will that when this storm is passed. So what do
+
+130
+00:10:05,910 --> 00:10:09,790
+you think? Placed and passed. Placed and passed.
+
+131
+00:10:10,470 --> 00:10:12,730
+They're not almost, yeah, there is something
+
+132
+00:10:12,730 --> 00:10:17,790
+similar, but it is not a perfect rhyme. So this is
+
+133
+00:10:17,790 --> 00:10:19,510
+what imperfect rhyme.
+
+134
+00:10:22,210 --> 00:10:25,250
+Again, why would they use this? This depends on
+
+135
+00:10:25,250 --> 00:10:30,730
+the poem, the theme of the poem itself. Then comes
+
+136
+00:10:30,730 --> 00:10:34,010
+number three, masculine rhyme. It's very funny,
+
+137
+00:10:34,170 --> 00:10:37,310
+huh? Masculine rhyme. There is a rhyme which is
+
+138
+00:10:37,310 --> 00:10:43,490
+masculine. And masculine rhyme, like as you see
+
+139
+00:10:43,490 --> 00:10:49,630
+here, this is, you know, from The Solitary Reaper,
+
+140
+00:10:49,950 --> 00:10:53,110
+I think. The Solitary Reaper, Wordsworth. When he
+
+141
+00:10:53,110 --> 00:10:58,770
+says, I listened motionless and still, and as I
+
+142
+00:10:58,770 --> 00:11:02,850
+mounted up the hill, the music in my heart I bore,
+
+143
+00:11:03,250 --> 00:11:06,910
+long after it was heard no more. Look here, still
+
+144
+00:11:06,910 --> 00:11:10,950
+and hill, bore and more. If you look at the words,
+
+145
+00:11:11,430 --> 00:11:14,690
+how many syllables do we have in this word? One
+
+146
+00:11:14,690 --> 00:11:22,690
+syllable. So, when The rhyming words are
+
+147
+00:11:22,690 --> 00:11:28,090
+monosyllabic, like this. This is called masculine
+
+148
+00:11:28,090 --> 00:11:31,690
+rhyme. It's a masculine rhyme. It is one syllable.
+
+149
+00:11:32,770 --> 00:11:38,410
+It's not more than one syllable. It seems like
+
+150
+00:11:38,410 --> 00:11:44,690
+this is very tough, but this is an example of
+
+151
+00:11:44,690 --> 00:11:47,810
+masculine rhyme. Of course, when we talk about
+
+152
+00:11:47,810 --> 00:11:50,050
+masculine, we should talk about feminine because
+
+153
+00:11:50,050 --> 00:11:53,130
+if we call this masculine, there should be
+
+154
+00:11:53,130 --> 00:11:57,950
+feminine. But somebody might say, okay, masculine
+
+155
+00:11:57,950 --> 00:12:06,270
+means tough and feminine means flexible and more
+
+156
+00:12:06,270 --> 00:12:07,050
+lenient.
+
+157
+00:12:09,570 --> 00:12:14,040
+Feminine rhyme is the opposite. Of course, these
+
+158
+00:12:14,040 --> 00:12:17,180
+are your reader, you can follow them. They are in
+
+159
+00:12:17,180 --> 00:12:17,700
+the pamphlet.
+
+160
+00:12:22,280 --> 00:12:26,120
+Again, Wordsworth, as if her song, it's in the
+
+161
+00:12:26,120 --> 00:12:34,480
+same. So he was, in that poem, variating between a
+
+162
+00:12:34,480 --> 00:12:38,140
+masculine rhyme and feminine rhyme. And in fact,
+
+163
+00:12:38,620 --> 00:12:41,120
+if you read The Slither Reaper, I was teaching The
+
+164
+00:12:41,120 --> 00:12:44,730
+Slither Reaper in other courses, In that poem,
+
+165
+00:12:45,470 --> 00:12:50,750
+Wordsworth, I don't know, it seems like he was
+
+166
+00:12:50,750 --> 00:12:54,410
+challenging the conventions of the time, I mean
+
+167
+00:12:54,410 --> 00:12:57,730
+the past convention. He was romantic, but in this
+
+168
+00:12:57,730 --> 00:13:01,390
+poem, he was using neoclassical. He was using
+
+169
+00:13:01,390 --> 00:13:05,070
+poetic diction. So he was variating with
+
+170
+00:13:06,810 --> 00:13:10,910
+The diction itself with the images sometimes, some
+
+171
+00:13:10,910 --> 00:13:15,270
+of the images like I behold her single, behold,
+
+172
+00:13:15,530 --> 00:13:21,510
+this is very poetic. Then would anybody tell me
+
+173
+00:13:21,510 --> 00:13:24,250
+what she's singing? So he was moving from formal.
+
+174
+00:13:24,730 --> 00:13:28,150
+to informal, from poetic diction, and even the
+
+175
+00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:31,110
+rhyme. He is in the same poem, he's variating in
+
+176
+00:13:31,110 --> 00:13:34,330
+the rhyme. Why he was doing this, some critics say
+
+177
+00:13:34,330 --> 00:13:38,630
+because he wanted to challenge, he wanted to
+
+178
+00:13:38,630 --> 00:13:44,630
+ridicule those. So this depends on the poem. If
+
+179
+00:13:44,630 --> 00:13:47,750
+you look here, as if her song could have no
+
+180
+00:13:47,750 --> 00:13:52,800
+ending, I saw her singing at work, at her work,
+
+181
+00:13:53,180 --> 00:13:56,260
+and over the sickle bending. So if you look at
+
+182
+00:13:56,260 --> 00:14:02,080
+ending and bending, they are two syllables. They
+
+183
+00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:06,120
+have almost the same sound and this rhyme called
+
+184
+00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:07,640
+feminine rhyme.
+
+185
+00:14:12,980 --> 00:14:17,780
+Then I rhyme. I rhyme.
+
+186
+00:14:19,860 --> 00:14:25,560
+I rhyme, you know, very deceptive. You know, you
+
+187
+00:14:25,560 --> 00:14:29,700
+look at them, like here, some never advanced
+
+188
+00:14:29,700 --> 00:14:34,020
+adjustment of their own, but catch the spreading
+
+189
+00:14:34,020 --> 00:14:40,440
+notion of the town. So if you look at them, they
+
+190
+00:14:40,440 --> 00:14:44,400
+seem to have rhymed, but if you read them, yeah,
+
+191
+00:14:44,780 --> 00:14:49,160
+they, you know, do not have the same sound.
+
+192
+00:14:51,920 --> 00:14:57,880
+I think the final one is para rhyme. Para, it's
+
+193
+00:14:57,880 --> 00:15:03,860
+not like, as you see, it's a rhyme in which you
+
+194
+00:15:03,8
+
+223
+00:17:42,670 --> 00:17:45,670
+use the perfect rhyme, he used I rhyme, he used 
+
+224
+00:17:45,670 --> 00:17:50,610
+imperfect rhyme, paradigm. So there was no pattern
+
+225
+00:17:50,610 --> 00:17:55,930
+in the poem. And he did that deliberately in order
+
+226
+00:17:55,930 --> 00:18:01,090
+to correlate this
+
+227
+00:18:01,090 --> 00:18:07,710
+with his horror, his experience of disappointment
+
+228
+00:18:07,710 --> 00:18:10,650
+because of the horror of the war itself. So
+
+229
+00:18:10,650 --> 00:18:13,890
+sometimes there is kind of, you know, the rhyme
+
+230
+00:18:13,890 --> 00:18:17,430
+resonates with the meaning of the poem. Okay? Now,
+
+231
+00:18:18,030 --> 00:18:22,850
+we'll go to the problematic area, which is the 
+
+232
+00:18:22,850 --> 00:18:27,270
+rhythm. And some of you are disturbed because of
+
+233
+00:18:27,270 --> 00:18:29,640
+the rhythm. and they think this is too much for
+
+234
+00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:34,660
+us. I'm not teaching you scansion or neither
+
+235
+00:18:34,660 --> 00:18:37,660
+prosody in this course, but it's very important to
+
+236
+00:18:37,660 --> 00:18:48,190
+know the meters. and to know certain feet and how 
+
+237
+00:18:48,190 --> 00:18:52,050
+they function. Because sometimes again, in certain 
+
+238
+00:18:52,050 --> 00:18:55,870
+poems, mainly in Shakespeare, he plays with rhythm 
+
+239
+00:18:55,870 --> 00:19:01,770
+in order to suit perhaps an attitude or to fit 
+
+240
+00:19:01,770 --> 00:19:05,870
+with a tone or the general atmosphere of the poem. 
+
+241
+00:19:06,190 --> 00:19:09,570
+We are going to see that in one or two of his 
+
+242
+00:19:09,570 --> 00:19:13,150
+sonnets. So let's see what is rhythm.
+
+243
+00:19:15,470 --> 00:19:18,090
+If you remember at the beginning of the course, we
+
+244
+00:19:18,090 --> 00:19:23,410
+spoke about rhythm when we defined poetry. And
+
+245
+00:19:23,410 --> 00:19:31,170
+here, these are the feet in English poetry. As we
+
+246
+00:19:31,170 --> 00:19:34,620
+said, Most of the English poetry, I mean 80-70 
+
+247
+00:19:34,620 --> 00:19:37,320
+percent of the English poetry is written in iambic
+
+248
+00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:47,820
+pentameter. Iamb is like this, two syllables. As
+
+249
+00:19:47,820 --> 00:19:51,520
+you see, repeat, the word repeat. What is the 
+
+250
+00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:56,580
+stress? Is it on the first or the second? Yes, 
+
+251
+00:19:56,640 --> 00:20:02,120
+it's the longer one. Repeat, repeat, repeat. So it 
+
+252
+00:20:02,120 --> 00:20:10,360
+is very long. We saw this also in Henry Howard's
+
+253
+00:20:10,360 --> 00:20:15,380
+poem last time. And thus I see among these 
+
+254
+00:20:15,380 --> 00:20:19,140
+pleasant things. It was iambic pentameter. But
+
+255
+00:20:19,140 --> 00:20:24,680
+forget about pentameter. Like this is iamb. Ayam,
+
+256
+00:20:24,800 --> 00:20:28,060
+it's called Ayam. If you have, you know, this 
+
+257
+00:20:28,060 --> 00:20:32,480
+pattern in the poem, you know, like repeat, you 
+
+258
+00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:38,100
+know, meet, see, et cetera, you have, this is 
+
+259
+00:20:38,100 --> 00:20:43,840
+Ayam. Now, the opposite of it, it's called Troche
+
+260
+00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:48,240
+or Troche. You know, one of them either. And it is 
+
+261
+00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:54,440
+like never. Huh? Never. Like, look here, never. 
+
+262
+00:20:54,720 --> 00:20:57,620
+Where is the stress? It's on the first one.
+
+263
+00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:03,900
+Clever. Never. Huh? Better. Okay, these are, you
+
+264
+00:21:03,900 --> 00:21:07,620
+know, this is a trochee. It's the opposite of?
+
+265
+00:21:08,920 --> 00:21:13,820
+Yes. The anabast. Okay, the anabast. 
+
+266
+00:21:17,740 --> 00:21:25,210
+The anabast. is similar to the iambic, but you 
+
+267
+00:21:25,210 --> 00:21:26,810
+have... Sorry.
+
+268
+00:21:33,510 --> 00:21:43,570
+Okay. I have to go back. The anabast 
+
+269
+00:21:47,490 --> 00:21:55,310
+is like too unstressed, and then stressed, like 
+
+270
+00:21:55,310 --> 00:22:01,150
+interrupt, corrupt. You see? I think you are 
+
+271
+00:22:01,150 --> 00:22:06,230
+studying stress with Dr. Walid, okay? So, and Dr. 
+
+272
+00:22:06,290 --> 00:22:09,150
+Khader like teaching you like this, so you can
+
+273
+00:22:09,150 --> 00:22:13,710
+make use of them in understanding the rhyme. Okay, 
+
+274
+00:22:13,850 --> 00:22:19,570
+then you have something called dactyl. Dactyl as 
+
+275
+00:22:19,570 --> 00:22:26,050
+it's like crochet, but instead of stressed, you
+
+276
+00:22:26,050 --> 00:22:30,030
+have stressed and too unstressed, like Washington, 
+
+277
+00:22:31,490 --> 00:22:37,910
+wasting. It's like, as you see, one stressed, two 
+
+278
+00:22:37,910 --> 00:22:44,130
+stressed. Then you have spondee. This is accented. 
+
+279
+00:22:45,460 --> 00:22:50,580
+You don't have, it is like two words or two 
+
+280
+00:22:50,580 --> 00:22:54,560
+stressed syllables together, heart rate, heart 
+
+281
+00:22:54,560 --> 00:23:02,780
+rate, you know? Then you have pyrrhic, you know, 
+
+282
+00:23:02,820 --> 00:23:08,080
+like it is too unstressed, 
+
+283
+00:23:08,640 --> 00:23:12,100
+like as in the top of the mountain, the morning, 
+
+284
+00:23:12,640 --> 00:23:16,850
+you know, in the top of, morning, like too
+
+285
+00:23:16,850 --> 00:23:23,430
+unstressed, too unstressed. Now we say monometer,
+
+286
+00:23:23,670 --> 00:23:29,690
+diameter, why? Because sometimes if we look at the
+
+287
+00:23:29,690 --> 00:23:33,950
+line of pottery, we might find iambic repeated
+
+288
+00:23:33,950 --> 00:23:38,210
+like this, never ever. So what should I say? This 
+
+289
+00:23:38,210 --> 00:23:42,230
+is iambic what? Iambic monometer or diameter? 
+
+290
+00:23:44,250 --> 00:23:48,850
+Diameter, because it has two. It has two. So we 
+
+291
+00:23:48,850 --> 00:23:56,390
+say diameter, trimeter, monometer,
+
+292
+00:23:56,710 --> 00:23:57,510
+diameter, 
+
+293
+00:23:59,850 --> 00:24:04,490
+yes, pentameter. It is according to the
+
+294
+00:24:04,490 --> 00:24:04,850
+repetition.
+
+295
+00:24:07,710 --> 00:24:12,110
+So here you have one foot is called what?
+
+296
+00:24:12,970 --> 00:24:13,450
+Monometer.
+
+297
+00:24:16,360 --> 00:24:25,820
+Two foot, diameter. Three, sorry, two feet. Three
+
+298
+00:24:25,820 --> 00:24:35,660
+feet, trimeter. Four feet, tetrameter. Five, 
+
+299
+00:24:36,500 --> 00:24:41,500
+pentameter. That's why we said pentameter. Most of
+
+300
+00:24:41,500 --> 00:24:44,740
+English poetry is written in pentameter, which is 
+
+301
+00:24:44,740 --> 00:24:49,590
+very musical. Then hexameter, six feet. Then
+
+302
+00:24:49,590 --> 00:24:53,690
+heptameter, seven feet. And I think here you have
+
+303
+00:24:53,690 --> 00:25:00,330
+some example. Like this is an example, you know, 
+
+304
+00:25:00,990 --> 00:25:03,550
+of iambic pentameter.
+
+305
+00:25:04,930 --> 00:25:09,810
+Can anybody read this? Like here, from furthest 
+
+306
+00:25:09,810 --> 00:25:15,680
+creature, we desire increase. that their beauties
+
+307
+00:25:15,680 --> 00:25:22,080
+rose, but never die. Who can read it? From there, 
+
+308
+00:25:22,620 --> 00:25:27,440
+from fair creatures, we desire increase, that 
+
+309
+00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:33,600
+their beauties rose, but never die. See? Titam, 
+
+310
+00:25:33,880 --> 00:25:39,400
+titam. So try to read it according to them, from
+
+311
+00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:44,940
+fair, From fairest creatures, we desire increase,
+
+312
+00:25:45,540 --> 00:25:51,320
+that their beauties rose, but never die. So it is
+
+313
+00:25:51,320 --> 00:25:57,160
+measured, very musical. As I told you, if we talk
+
+314
+00:25:57,160 --> 00:26:00,640
+in iambic pentameter, we'll be funny. For example,
+
+315
+00:26:01,260 --> 00:26:05,780
+please, when you come to my class, write your
+
+316
+00:26:05,780 --> 00:26:08,980
+report. It's like this, you know, ti tam, ti tam,
+
+317
+00:26:09,060 --> 00:26:14,430
+ti tam. So another example, this is, you know, a 
+
+318
+00:26:14,430 --> 00:26:15,010
+tetrameter. 
+
+319
+00:26:18,630 --> 00:26:20,270
+Tetrameter, sorry. 
+
+320
+00:26:30,150 --> 00:26:36,170
+This is iambic trimeter, three. It is the evening 
+
+321
+00:26:36,170 --> 00:26:44,920
+hour. How silent all that lie. It is the evening
+
+322
+00:26:44,920 --> 00:26:53,760
+hour. How silent all that lie. See? This is iambic
+
+323
+00:26:53,760 --> 00:27:01,580
+trimeter. Then we have tetrameter. This is like
+
+324
+00:27:01,580 --> 00:27:04,180
+Troche. He's...
+
+325
+00:27:08,450 --> 00:27:10,050
+I think it is in the other side. 
+
+326
+00:27:23,330 --> 00:27:27,550
+The iambic tetrameter, it's like, it's a poem we 
+
+327
+00:27:27,550 --> 00:27:29,870
+are going to study. Okay, just like.
+
+328
+00:27:42,520 --> 00:27:45,340
+Is it clear? Okay. 
+
+329
+00:27:56,700 --> 00:28:01,180
+This is, you know, tricky, but I'm just like, I 
+
+330
+00:28:01,180 --> 00:28:04,660
+want to give you an example of iambic tetrameter. 
+
+331
+00:28:05,300 --> 00:28:08,500
+It's like in Marlowe's, they never reply, come 
+
+332
+00:28:08,500 --> 00:28:13,540
+live with me and be my love. It is, you know, Come 
+
+333
+00:28:13,540 --> 00:28:17,940
+live with me and be my love. It is eight 
+
+334
+00:28:17,940 --> 00:28:22,240
+syllables, and it is called iambic pentameter.
+
+335
+00:28:22,740 --> 00:28:27,100
+This is troche tetrameter. Come, you know, troche, 
+
+336
+00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:30,920
+we said it's the opposite. Come my, what is the
+
+337
+00:28:30,920 --> 00:28:36,260
+stress? The first one. Come my, Celia, let us 
+
+338
+00:28:36,260 --> 00:28:40,530
+prove why we made this sports of love. You know, 
+
+339
+00:28:40,770 --> 00:28:43,670
+it's like troche, and how many syllables do you 
+
+340
+00:28:43,670 --> 00:28:48,290
+have? You have like, you know, six here, as you
+
+341
+00:28:48,290 --> 00:28:52,110
+see. Tetra, because we have six syllables. 
+
+342
+00:28:54,630 --> 00:29:00,490
+Tetrameter, like eight, in fact. Cum, cummi, this
+
+343
+00:29:00,490 --> 00:29:06,220
+is two, cilia two, two, so we have eight. Eight
+
+344
+00:29:06,220 --> 00:29:10,900
+syllables because the foot, each foot is like two 
+
+345
+00:29:10,900 --> 00:29:15,060
+syllables. So this is called troche, dactyl, 
+
+346
+00:29:16,660 --> 00:29:22,280
+tetrameter. Like this one, you know, women much 
+
+347
+00:29:22,280 --> 00:29:27,000
+missed how you call to me, call to me, saying that
+
+348
+00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:34,000
+you are not as you were, okay? So this is, and all
+
+349
+00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:36,880
+these are examples of the meters, just like look 
+
+350
+00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:39,540
+at them, you know, and see the stress, where the
+
+351
+00:29:39,540 --> 00:29:43,780
+stress, so it is very important that to know In
+
+352
+00:29:43,780 --> 00:29:49,060
+this course, we might look at the rhythm in some 
+
+353
+00:29:49,060 --> 00:29:52,920
+poems because sometimes the rhythm might have 
+
+354
+00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:58,360
+something to do with poetry. Good. This is
+
+355
+00:29:58,360 --> 00:30:05,780
+generally about rhythm and rhyme and rhythm. We'll
+
+356
+00:30:05,780 --> 00:30:09,880
+go back to the critical plan. Yes. 
+
+357
+00:30:16,760 --> 00:30:20,260
+No, I mean it is up to the purpose, like how he 
+
+358
+00:30:20,260 --> 00:30:24,780
+sees. Sometimes certain words, you know, do not
+
+359
+00:30:24,780 --> 00:30:30,020
+fit with the rhyme. But poets want to be regular. 
+
+360
+00:30:31,180 --> 00:30:34,640
+Like I know some, you know, some students of mine, 
+
+361
+00:30:35,880 --> 00:30:39,900
+write poetry by using rhythm. They go study rhythm
+
+362
+00:30:39,900 --> 00:30:43,200
+and they write poetry. Even they are not native 
+
+363
+00:30:43,200 --> 00:30:47,220
+speakers, but they still, a student of mine, even
+
+364
+00:30:47,220 --> 00:30:51,420
+he's like Tawjihi, said, I wrote a poem in Anabas,
+
+365
+00:30:51,620 --> 00:30:56,190
+which was very surprising to me. So yes, they 
+
+366
+00:30:56,190 --> 00:31:00,290
+choose sometimes like they vary it. Sometimes they 
+
+367
+00:31:00,290 --> 00:31:05,230
+are systematic. It is according to the purpose 
+
+368
+00:31:05,230 --> 00:31:07,150
+they want to establish. Yes, sir. Yes. 
+
+369
+00:31:12,350 --> 00:31:19,230
+Forty love middle-aged couple. Yes. Yes.
+
+370
+00:31:22,760 --> 00:31:25,840
+It doesn't fit with the rhythm of that. 
+
+371
+00:31:29,100 --> 00:31:32,920
+Yeah, but no, 40 love, 40 love, you have two
+
+372
+00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:37,680
+syllables. We have two syllables in each one. 40 
+
+373
+00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:41,660
+love, it's like iambic. All of it, it is iambic
+
+374
+00:31:41,660 --> 00:31:45,440
+diameter. 40 love, middle-aged couple playing 
+
+375
+00:31:45,440 --> 00:31:48,620
+tennis, it's iambic pentameter. 
+
+376
+00:31:50,550 --> 00:31:53,730
+Yeah, that was, you know, I mean at the beginning
+
+377
+00:31:53,730 --> 00:31:56,750
+of the course I gave you two poems which are
+
+378
+00:31:56,750 --> 00:32:00,990
+modern. Sometimes some poets do not follow rhyme
+
+379
+00:32:00,990 --> 00:32:04,990
+at all, and this is called free verse. They do not
+
+380
+00:32:04,990 --> 00:32:07,630
+follow rhyme, and sometimes they vary it with
+
+381
+00:32:07,630 --> 00:32:12,100
+rhythm. See? But those poems I gave you at the
+
+382
+00:32:12,100 --> 00:32:18,420
+beginning of the course were just
+
+383
+00:32:18,420 --> 00:32:24,100
+very modern or very postmodern, in which the poets
+
+384
+00:32:24,100 --> 00:32:31,360
+did not commit themselves to the tradition of 
+
+385
+00:32:31,360 --> 00:32:32,300
+English poetry.
+
+386
+00:32:34,920 --> 00:32:38,460
+If you remember last time, I gave you, quickly at
+
+387
+00:32:38,460 --> 00:32:45,520
+the end of the lecture, the leveler. And part two 
+
+388
+00:32:45,520 --> 00:32:50,240
+of the critical plan was discussing some areas we,
+
+389
+00:32:50,820 --> 00:32:57,190
+as readers, might face when we read a poem. And as 
+
+390
+00:32:57,190 --> 00:33:02,270
+you see, the first area was
+
+391
+00:33:02,270 --> 00:33:05,430
+like, we don't have to be very hasty. Some people
+
+392
+00:33:05,430 --> 00:33:09,750
+are hasty. This is part two. It's meaning, 
+
+393
+00:33:10,790 --> 00:33:18,950
+intention, and idea. And here, as you see, we are
+
+394
+00:33:18,950 --> 00:33:21,950
+strongly advised
+
+395
+00:33:31,380 --> 00:33:34,280
+These are areas gaining balanced development of
+
+396
+00:33:34,280 --> 00:33:38,000
+the theme, maintaining the total experience of the 
+
+397
+00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:42,280
+poem, and judging the poem on the basis of the 
+
+398
+00:33:42,280 --> 00:33:43,100
+poet's intention. 
+
+399
+00:33:46,300 --> 00:33:49,740
+We said, you know, gaining a balanced development 
+
+400
+00:33:49,740 --> 00:33:52,960
+of the theme. We do not have to base our judgment
+
+401
+00:33:52,960 --> 00:34:01,470
+on one part of the poem, we have to follow or to
+
+402
+00:34:01,470 --> 00:34:06,890
+read the entire poem and to test this theme. Is it
+
+403
+00:34:06,890 --> 00:34:10,370
+like, does it fit with the whole poem or not? So 
+
+404
+00:34:10,370 --> 00:34:15,590
+we don't have to be very hasty. And we gave you 
+
+405
+00:34:15,590 --> 00:34:19,490
+the example of Deliverer, which was similar to the
+
+406
+00:34:19,490 --> 00:34:22,350
+example of the poem, Who's Lost to Hunt, if you
+
+407
+00:34:22,350 --> 00:34:27,410
+remember. So this is an area we should be careful.
+
+408
+00:34:29,070 --> 00:34:34,150
+Of course, we cannot say what is
+
+445
+00:37:22,170 --> 00:37:26,230
+experience of the poet unless you are sympathetic.
+
+446
+00:37:26,930 --> 00:37:29,230
+You have to understand. You have to live the 
+
+447
+00:37:29,230 --> 00:37:33,390
+experience of the poet in order to appreciate the
+
+448
+00:37:33,390 --> 00:37:38,610
+poem. And as you see, sometimes we don't have to 
+
+449
+00:37:38,610 --> 00:37:41,810
+judge the poem according to our initial feeling.
+
+450
+00:37:43,410 --> 00:37:46,430
+And we hear, be sure you go to the author to get
+
+451
+00:37:46,430 --> 00:37:51,630
+his meaning, not to find yours. Sometimes we are
+
+452
+00:37:51,630 --> 00:37:56,790
+blinded by a certain idea in our mind, and we keep
+
+453
+00:37:56,790 --> 00:38:01,010
+developing this and forget what the poem is about.
+
+454
+00:38:01,510 --> 00:38:04,950
+So I think this is something we have to be
+
+455
+00:38:04,950 --> 00:38:05,830
+cautious of.
+
+456
+00:38:09,450 --> 00:38:12,190
+As you see here, the meaning of the poem is the
+
+457
+00:38:12,190 --> 00:38:15,530
+experience it expresses. It is the experience. So
+
+458
+00:38:15,530 --> 00:38:18,150
+this is the meaning. What kind of experience? This 
+
+459
+00:38:18,150 --> 00:38:21,530
+is the experience of happiness, sadness,
+
+460
+00:38:21,930 --> 00:38:25,230
+frustration. So this is the meaning of the poem.
+
+461
+00:38:25,510 --> 00:38:28,250
+It is not the prose meaning of the poem. It is not 
+
+462
+00:38:28,250 --> 00:38:33,350
+the paraphrase of the poem. Okay, you just go read
+
+463
+00:38:33,350 --> 00:38:39,590
+this part because sometimes we like We might be 
+
+464
+00:38:39,590 --> 00:38:43,470
+worried that the poem has no ideas. It discusses 
+
+465
+00:38:43,470 --> 00:38:48,810
+no ideas. And we say, why? Sometimes we have a 
+
+466
+00:38:48,810 --> 00:38:52,850
+poem which is meaningful because it is only a 
+
+467
+00:38:52,850 --> 00:38:56,150
+description. And this description records the 
+
+468
+00:38:56,150 --> 00:38:59,450
+experience. And if you see here, you have a poem,
+
+469
+00:38:59,570 --> 00:39:05,180
+The Eagle. The eagle is an example. Here, it's a 
+
+470
+00:39:05,180 --> 00:39:09,560
+description of an eagle which goes up high and
+
+471
+00:39:09,560 --> 00:39:16,420
+then comes down as a thunderbolt. Like, look here. 
+
+472
+00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:20,200
+This is the eagle. It's a description. He clasped 
+
+473
+00:39:20,200 --> 00:39:26,260
+the crag with crooked hands, close to the sun in
+
+474
+00:39:26,260 --> 00:39:29,500
+lonely lands. Ringed with the azure word, he 
+
+475
+00:39:29,500 --> 00:39:33,730
+stands. The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls. He 
+
+476
+00:39:33,730 --> 00:39:36,510
+watches from his mountain walls. And like 
+
+477
+00:39:36,510 --> 00:39:42,510
+thunderbolt, he falls. It's a description of
+
+478
+00:39:42,510 --> 00:39:44,890
+eagle.
+
+479
+00:39:46,090 --> 00:39:51,510
+This poem was written by Tennyson. Tennyson was a 
+
+480
+00:39:51,510 --> 00:39:58,630
+Victorian poet. And in the Victorian time, the
+
+481
+00:39:58,630 --> 00:40:02,370
+world was changing. people started to lose 
+
+482
+00:40:02,370 --> 00:40:06,410
+certainty about, you know, no social patterns like
+
+483
+00:40:06,410 --> 00:40:10,530
+laissez-faire or, you know, like there was 
+
+484
+00:40:10,530 --> 00:40:14,150
+corruption, utilitarianism, you know, people, I
+
+485
+00:40:14,150 --> 00:40:17,390
+mean, materialism was governing everything. So the 
+
+486
+00:40:17,390 --> 00:40:20,290
+sense of society, the social patterns, you know,
+
+487
+00:40:20,290 --> 00:40:25,310
+vanished. And in fact, even like religion, I mean,
+
+488
+00:40:25,390 --> 00:40:30,690
+religious values retreated and retreated and Here 
+
+489
+00:40:30,690 --> 00:40:32,710
+the poet, what is the experience of the poet 
+
+490
+00:40:32,710 --> 00:40:37,330
+exactly? He was looking, he looked at the eagle. 
+
+491
+00:40:37,530 --> 00:40:40,990
+The eagle had the power to go up to leave this
+
+492
+00:40:40,990 --> 00:40:45,770
+land, to go and come down, while the poet himself 
+
+493
+00:40:45,770 --> 00:40:52,410
+was mentally, psychologically entrapped. So he was
+
+494
+00:40:52,410 --> 00:40:58,590
+looking at this bird with some feeling of envy. He 
+
+495
+00:40:58,590 --> 00:41:03,240
+was trapped. But look at this. He clasped the crag
+
+496
+00:41:03,240 --> 00:41:06,300
+with crooked hands. Look how he admires it. Close
+
+497
+00:41:06,300 --> 00:41:09,360
+to the sun in lonely lands. Ringed with azure. He
+
+498
+00:41:09,360 --> 00:41:14,040
+envies the freedom of this creature. The wrinkled
+
+499
+00:41:14,040 --> 00:41:17,320
+sea beneath. Look at him, how powerful. Him
+
+500
+00:41:17,320 --> 00:41:20,220
+crawls. He watches from his mountain walls. And 
+
+501
+00:41:20,220 --> 00:41:24,180
+like a thunderbolt, he falls. So here, okay, the 
+
+502
+00:41:24,180 --> 00:41:27,920
+description is wonderful. We might look at this
+
+503
+00:41:27,920 --> 00:41:31,160
+for more aesthetic consideration, but as you see
+
+504
+00:41:31,160 --> 00:41:36,820
+here, the experience of the poet was like he, he
+
+505
+00:41:36,820 --> 00:41:43,940
+was not Like, he didn't have the ability to leave
+
+506
+00:41:43,940 --> 00:41:47,840
+because psychologically, mentally, he was trapped.
+
+507
+00:41:48,380 --> 00:41:53,020
+His age was like an age of corruption, or an age 
+
+508
+00:41:53,020 --> 00:41:55,520
+of materialism. So people felt they were trapped.
+
+509
+00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:58,660
+They could not go nowhere. And here, he's just
+
+510
+00:41:58,660 --> 00:42:01,920
+looking at this eagle who's having that ability to
+
+511
+00:42:01,920 --> 00:42:08,040
+escape. To escape, not like the poet. I think, you 
+
+512
+00:42:08,040 --> 00:42:12,500
+know, today, this is enough for today. I'm giving
+
+513
+00:42:12,500 --> 00:42:17,220
+chance to other classes to catch up. Next time, as
+
+514
+00:42:17,220 --> 00:42:22,960
+I said, you have to bring, like, you know, your
+
+515
+00:42:22,960 --> 00:42:28,440
+response to Sidney and Spencer. You know, Spencer
+
+516
+00:42:28,440 --> 00:42:32,540
+to his, you know, there is a sonnet for Spencer. 
+
+517
+00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:38,200
+So, but we are going to discuss first Sydney and 
+
+518
+00:42:38,200 --> 00:42:42,740
+then Spencer, okay? Thank you very much.

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/kqLN7IsyDI4_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2072 @@
+1
+00:00:12,760 --> 00:00:16,920
+Assalamualaikum. Good morning everybody. How are
+
+2
+00:00:16,920 --> 00:00:20,380
+you today? Good. I don't see many students here.
+
+3
+00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:29,140
+Right. Today, I'm going to surprise you and slow
+
+4
+00:00:29,140 --> 00:00:33,420
+down the class. I know that we're expected to have
+
+5
+00:00:33,420 --> 00:00:39,860
+Sydney, but it seems like we have to slow down
+
+6
+00:00:39,860 --> 00:00:44,200
+here in order to give time for other classes to
+
+7
+00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:49,520
+catch up. So it's our chance today to look back
+
+8
+00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:55,160
+again at rhyme, rhythm, and some areas in the
+
+9
+00:00:55,160 --> 00:01:02,520
+critical plan. But before we start, you know, as
+
+10
+00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:10,100
+usual, I need somebody like to read a report. Yes?
+
+11
+00:01:20,740 --> 00:01:24,020
+Hate you, Mr. Report. At the beginning of my
+
+12
+00:01:24,020 --> 00:01:27,780
+report, let me begin with admission that I hate
+
+13
+00:01:27,780 --> 00:01:30,780
+writing reports, even though I like the class of
+
+14
+00:01:30,780 --> 00:01:33,660
+poetry. Feeling that you have nothing to write
+
+15
+00:01:33,660 --> 00:01:38,100
+about feeling, that you have nothing to write
+
+16
+00:01:38,100 --> 00:01:40,860
+about feeling makes me hate the assignment of
+
+17
+00:01:40,860 --> 00:01:43,600
+writing reports. But I like writing reports
+
+18
+00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:48,320
+because it is at least has a theme or idea to work
+
+19
+00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:52,040
+on and write about. To talk about love picture, it
+
+20
+00:01:52,040 --> 00:01:55,300
+was enjoyable there. I didn't feel the time
+
+21
+00:01:55,300 --> 00:01:59,420
+passing us. It was a nice lecture to learn about
+
+22
+00:01:59,420 --> 00:02:03,060
+metaphor, irony, and image. After I just know
+
+23
+00:02:03,060 --> 00:02:06,400
+little about them, I feel that those figures are
+
+24
+00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:09,940
+the heart of poetry, that there is no poem without
+
+25
+00:02:09,940 --> 00:02:13,660
+a figurative language that enhances and
+
+26
+00:02:13,660 --> 00:02:17,360
+strengthens the idea of the poet, learning the way
+
+27
+00:02:19,420 --> 00:02:23,080
+to use it makes a joy to use such language in our
+
+28
+00:02:23,080 --> 00:02:25,940
+everyday language to express our gladness,
+
+29
+00:02:26,200 --> 00:02:29,100
+sadness, and even sarcastic everyday life
+
+30
+00:02:29,100 --> 00:02:33,020
+situations. Good, thank you. I do agree sometimes
+
+31
+00:02:33,020 --> 00:02:36,480
+it gets, you know, a boring process like to write
+
+32
+00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:40,580
+a report. And here, like, comes the creativity.
+
+33
+00:02:41,380 --> 00:02:43,760
+When you have, when you don't know what you are
+
+34
+00:02:43,760 --> 00:02:45,920
+going to write about. So you might look for a
+
+35
+00:02:45,920 --> 00:02:50,440
+hook. you might find very interesting hook and
+
+36
+00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:53,740
+then you write report. So the report is like to
+
+37
+00:02:53,740 --> 00:02:56,840
+get you to write. And don't forget, this is like
+
+38
+00:02:56,840 --> 00:02:59,700
+the bonus mark. It's not one of the official
+
+39
+00:02:59,700 --> 00:03:04,520
+assignment. So you don't have to complain, but
+
+40
+00:03:04,520 --> 00:03:08,060
+it's okay. You can do that. But I need you to
+
+41
+00:03:08,060 --> 00:03:11,420
+write. Okay, let's see another report. Yes,
+
+42
+00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:11,640
+please.
+
+43
+00:03:19,460 --> 00:03:23,000
+Daily Reporter. Description of spring was so nice.
+
+44
+00:03:23,140 --> 00:03:25,900
+It was the title of the previous month. The
+
+45
+00:03:25,900 --> 00:03:30,520
+previous lecture was extremely surprising. Gentle
+
+46
+00:03:30,520 --> 00:03:33,760
+and kind, I tried continuously to make up my mind
+
+47
+00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:36,920
+and decide, either to share or to be in a side.
+
+48
+00:03:37,360 --> 00:03:40,140
+Although the lecturer was in a gut mood, the
+
+49
+00:03:40,140 --> 00:03:43,500
+students were worried and wanted to conclude. He
+
+50
+00:03:43,500 --> 00:03:46,180
+asked the questions and students replied, but
+
+51
+00:03:46,180 --> 00:03:49,320
+because of the hot day, they will nearly fly.
+
+52
+00:03:49,740 --> 00:03:52,660
+Finally, we finished and the teacher said, you
+
+53
+00:03:52,660 --> 00:03:56,520
+should be prepared, increase your effort a little
+
+54
+00:03:56,520 --> 00:04:01,750
+bit. Okay, clap for her. Okay, look here, this is
+
+55
+00:04:01,750 --> 00:04:04,370
+an example of creativity.
+
+56
+00:04:06,270 --> 00:04:10,770
+But let me choose, yeah, you, you want like, this
+
+57
+00:04:10,770 --> 00:04:13,510
+is randomly to make sure everybody's writing.
+
+58
+00:04:20,950 --> 00:04:24,010
+Sometimes it's weird how time passed so fast. It
+
+59
+00:04:24,010 --> 00:04:27,650
+was just like yesterday when Dr. Akram asked us to
+
+60
+00:04:27,650 --> 00:04:30,170
+write a daily report, and I remember how confused
+
+61
+00:04:30,170 --> 00:04:35,320
+I was. But now all my fears disappeared. Now I
+
+62
+00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:37,420
+know how to write a daily report and how to write
+
+63
+00:04:37,420 --> 00:04:39,860
+a response. It is unbelievable that we already
+
+64
+00:04:39,860 --> 00:04:42,160
+finished two poems and about to start the third.
+
+65
+00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:45,540
+I'm so excited to take a poem by Sir Philip Sidney
+
+66
+00:04:45,540 --> 00:04:48,380
+because I've heard that he is a very talented boy.
+
+67
+00:04:48,860 --> 00:04:52,280
+Good, thank you very much. And we have to clap for
+
+68
+00:04:52,280 --> 00:04:57,240
+her as well. It doesn't mean that we don't like
+
+69
+00:04:57,240 --> 00:05:03,010
+what Rawan said, but it's okay. Right. Today I
+
+70
+00:05:03,010 --> 00:05:06,490
+thought it would be nice to go through two
+
+71
+00:05:06,490 --> 00:05:12,350
+important elements, more specifically two more
+
+72
+00:05:12,350 --> 00:05:17,450
+elements of poetry, the rhyme and the rhythm. And
+
+73
+00:05:17,450 --> 00:05:23,010
+then later we might go back to part two of the
+
+74
+00:05:23,010 --> 00:05:28,440
+critical plan. I think, you know, we have taken
+
+75
+00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:32,580
+two poems. We spoke about rhyme in general. But
+
+76
+00:05:32,580 --> 00:05:35,740
+today, I'll take you to be more specific to talk
+
+77
+00:05:35,740 --> 00:05:39,600
+about rhyme. Because we have many types of rhyme.
+
+78
+00:05:39,880 --> 00:05:42,020
+You might have read that.
+
+79
+00:05:49,260 --> 00:05:53,720
+As you see here, there are many types of rhyme. We
+
+80
+00:05:53,720 --> 00:05:59,200
+have perfect rhyme.No perfect rhyme. We have
+
+81
+00:05:59,200 --> 00:06:00,360
+imperfect rhyme.
+
+82
+00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:04,120
+Sorry.
+
+83
+00:06:13,280 --> 00:06:19,020
+Perfect rhyme. Imperfect rhyme. Masculine rhyme.
+
+84
+00:06:19,880 --> 00:06:25,800
+Feminine rhyme. I rhyme. Para rhyme. Okay, this is
+
+85
+00:06:25,800 --> 00:06:31,420
+more specific. I think most of you, like those who
+
+86
+00:06:31,420 --> 00:06:35,560
+read their reports, were writing poetic lines
+
+87
+00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:39,080
+using perfect rhyme. Perfect rhyme, as you see,
+
+88
+00:06:39,200 --> 00:06:43,280
+this is an example of perfect rhyme. It is like a
+
+89
+00:06:43,280 --> 00:06:48,140
+rhyme which has almost the same sound, the same
+
+90
+00:06:48,140 --> 00:06:53,030
+sound. Like this is in Spencer. help me to blaze
+
+91
+00:06:53,030 --> 00:06:59,110
+her worthy praise. Like he was praising the queen,
+
+92
+00:07:00,010 --> 00:07:05,630
+and like, you see, blaze and praise, almost the
+
+93
+00:07:05,630 --> 00:07:10,690
+same sound. Okay? So we call this perfect rhyme.
+
+94
+00:07:13,050 --> 00:07:19,250
+And another example, I saw Phobias thrust out his
+
+95
+00:07:19,250 --> 00:07:24,850
+golden head upon her to gaze, but when he saw how
+
+96
+00:07:24,850 --> 00:07:29,210
+broad her beams did spread, you know, so spread
+
+97
+00:07:29,210 --> 00:07:35,550
+and hid. So this is perfect rhyme. Now we might
+
+98
+00:07:35,550 --> 00:07:40,770
+ask when poets use perfect rhyme or when they use
+
+99
+00:07:40,770 --> 00:07:45,850
+imperfect rhyme. Sometimes in certain poems, you
+
+100
+00:07:45,850 --> 00:07:49,130
+should stick to perfect rhyme. However, poets
+
+101
+00:07:49,130 --> 00:07:52,410
+might variate between perfect and imperfect
+
+102
+00:07:52,410 --> 00:07:57,250
+according to their attitude, the atmosphere of the
+
+103
+00:07:57,250 --> 00:08:02,790
+poem. Perhaps they want to criticize or they want
+
+104
+00:08:02,790 --> 00:08:09,730
+to praise. So using the rhyme, each poet uses the
+
+105
+00:08:09,730 --> 00:08:12,230
+rhyme that fits with the topic, the subject
+
+106
+00:08:12,230 --> 00:08:18,810
+matter. We cannot now for sure say this rhyme
+
+107
+00:08:18,810 --> 00:08:21,710
+serves this purpose. It is according to the poem.
+
+108
+00:08:22,270 --> 00:08:27,470
+Sometimes you have perfect rhyme and suddenly the
+
+109
+00:08:27,470 --> 00:08:31,300
+poet changes into imperfect rhyme. Like, you don't
+
+110
+00:08:31,300 --> 00:08:34,580
+have this harmony, perhaps because there is no
+
+111
+00:08:34,580 --> 00:08:37,020
+harmony in the experience of the poet. See what I
+
+112
+00:08:37,020 --> 00:08:42,700
+mean? I remember in Wilfred Owen, Futility, he was
+
+113
+00:08:42,700 --> 00:08:46,860
+using imperfect rhyme, he was using I rhyme. And
+
+114
+00:08:46,860 --> 00:08:51,920
+why? Because he saw no pattern in life, so he did
+
+115
+00:08:51,920 --> 00:08:54,720
+not want to commit himself to any pattern of
+
+116
+00:08:54,720 --> 00:09:00,290
+poetry. So why would a poet use this rhyme? This
+
+117
+00:09:00,290 --> 00:09:06,290
+depends on the poem itself. Okay, so I think these
+
+118
+00:09:06,290 --> 00:09:12,970
+are again here in Epithelium. Epithelium is a poem
+
+119
+00:09:12,970 --> 00:09:18,890
+written by Spencer to describe his, it is a
+
+120
+00:09:18,890 --> 00:09:23,830
+matrimony poem. Matrimony, wedding. It was to
+
+121
+00:09:23,830 --> 00:09:26,530
+describe his wedding. It is a beautiful one,
+
+122
+00:09:27,170 --> 00:09:29,930
+Epithelium, if you have time to read it, you know,
+
+123
+00:09:30,030 --> 00:09:36,370
+just go and read it. So, now we'll go to another
+
+124
+00:09:36,370 --> 00:09:42,150
+type of rhyme, which is imperfect rhyme. You know,
+
+125
+00:09:42,210 --> 00:09:46,590
+imperfect rhyme, you see, it is not, it doesn't
+
+126
+00:09:46,590 --> 00:09:49,690
+have the same sound. Like you hear, you see, also
+
+127
+00:09:49,690 --> 00:09:55,070
+in the same poem of Spencer, you have though
+
+128
+00:09:55,070 --> 00:10:01,930
+hidden peril round about me placed, yet hope I
+
+129
+00:10:01,930 --> 00:10:05,910
+will that when this storm is passed. So what do
+
+130
+00:10:05,910 --> 00:10:09,790
+you think? Placed and passed. Placed and passed.
+
+131
+00:10:10,470 --> 00:10:12,730
+They're not almost, yeah, there is something
+
+132
+00:10:12,730 --> 00:10:17,790
+similar, but it is not a perfect rhyme. So this is
+
+133
+00:10:17,790 --> 00:10:19,510
+what imperfect rhyme.
+
+134
+00:10:22,210 --> 00:10:25,250
+Again, why would they use this? This depends on
+
+135
+00:10:25,250 --> 00:10:30,730
+the poem, the theme of the poem itself. Then comes
+
+136
+00:10:30,730 --> 00:10:34,010
+number three, masculine rhyme. It's very funny,
+
+137
+00:10:34,170 --> 00:10:37,310
+huh? Masculine rhyme. There is a rhyme which is
+
+138
+00:10:37,310 --> 00:10:43,490
+masculine. And masculine rhyme, like as you see
+
+139
+00:10:43,490 --> 00:10:49,630
+here, this is, you know, from The Solitary Reaper,
+
+140
+00:10:49,950 --> 00:10:53,110
+I think. The Solitary Reaper, Wordsworth. When he
+
+141
+00:10:53,110 --> 00:10:58,770
+says, I listened motionless and still, and as I
+
+142
+00:10:58,770 --> 00:11:02,850
+mounted up the hill, the music in my heart I bore,
+
+143
+00:11:03,250 --> 00:11:06,910
+long after it was heard no more. Look here, still
+
+144
+00:11:06,910 --> 00:11:10,950
+and hill, bore and more. If you look at the words,
+
+145
+00:11:11,430 --> 00:11:14,690
+how many syllables do we have in this word? One
+
+146
+00:11:14,690 --> 00:11:22,690
+syllable. So, when The rhyming words are
+
+147
+00:11:22,690 --> 00:11:28,090
+monosyllabic, like this. This is called masculine
+
+148
+00:11:28,090 --> 00:11:31,690
+rhyme. It's a masculine rhyme. It is one syllable.
+
+149
+00:11:32,770 --> 00:11:38,410
+It's not more than one syllable. It seems like
+
+150
+00:11:38,410 --> 00:11:44,690
+this is very tough, but this is an example of
+
+151
+00:11:44,690 --> 00:11:47,810
+masculine rhyme. Of course, when we talk about
+
+152
+00:11:47,810 --> 00:11:50,050
+masculine, we should talk about feminine because
+
+153
+00:11:50,050 --> 00:11:53,130
+if we call this masculine, there should be
+
+154
+00:11:53,130 --> 00:11:57,950
+feminine. But somebody might say, okay, masculine
+
+155
+00:11:57,950 --> 00:12:06,270
+means tough and feminine means flexible and more
+
+156
+00:12:06,270 --> 00:12:07,050
+lenient.
+
+157
+00:12:09,570 --> 00:12:14,040
+Feminine rhyme is the opposite. Of course, these
+
+158
+00:12:14,040 --> 00:12:17,180
+are your reader, you can follow them. They are in
+
+159
+00:12:17,180 --> 00:12:17,700
+the pamphlet.
+
+160
+00:12:22,280 --> 00:12:26,120
+Again, Wordsworth, as if her song, it's in the
+
+161
+00:12:26,120 --> 00:12:34,480
+same. So he was, in that poem, variating between a
+
+162
+00:12:34,480 --> 00:12:38,140
+masculine rhyme and feminine rhyme. And in fact,
+
+163
+00:12:38,620 --> 00:12:41,120
+if you read The Slither Reaper, I was teaching The
+
+164
+00:12:41,120 --> 00:12:44,730
+Slither Reaper in other courses, In that poem,
+
+165
+00:12:45,470 --> 00:12:50,750
+Wordsworth, I don't know, it seems like he was
+
+166
+00:12:50,750 --> 00:12:54,410
+challenging the conventions of the time, I mean
+
+167
+00:12:54,410 --> 00:12:57,730
+the past convention. He was romantic, but in this
+
+168
+00:12:57,730 --> 00:13:01,390
+poem, he was using neoclassical. He was using
+
+169
+00:13:01,390 --> 00:13:05,070
+poetic diction. So he was variating with
+
+170
+00:13:06,810 --> 00:13:10,910
+The diction itself with the images sometimes, some
+
+171
+00:13:10,910 --> 00:13:15,270
+of the images like I behold her single, behold,
+
+172
+00:13:15,530 --> 00:13:21,510
+this is very poetic. Then would anybody tell me
+
+173
+00:13:21,510 --> 00:13:24,250
+what she's singing? So he was moving from formal.
+
+174
+00:13:24,730 --> 00:13:28,150
+to informal, from poetic diction, and even the
+
+175
+00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:31,110
+rhyme. He is in the same poem, he's variating in
+
+176
+00:13:31,110 --> 00:13:34,330
+the rhyme. Why he was doing this, some critics say
+
+177
+00:13:34,330 --> 00:13:38,630
+because he wanted to challenge, he wanted to
+
+178
+00:13:38,630 --> 00:13:44,630
+ridicule those. So this depends on the poem. If
+
+179
+00:13:44,630 --> 00:13:47,750
+you look here, as if her song could have no
+
+180
+00:13:47,750 --> 00:13:52,800
+ending, I saw her singing at work, at her work,
+
+181
+00:13:53,180 --> 00:13:56,260
+and over the sickle bending. So if you look at
+
+182
+00:13:56,260 --> 00:14:02,080
+ending and bending, they are two syllables. They
+
+183
+00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:06,120
+have almost the same sound and this rhyme called
+
+184
+00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:07,640
+feminine rhyme.
+
+185
+00:14:12,980 --> 00:14:17,780
+Then I rhyme. I rhyme.
+
+186
+00:14:19,860 --> 00:14:25,560
+I rhyme, you know, very deceptive. You know, you
+
+187
+00:14:25,560 --> 00:14:29,700
+look at them, like here, some never advanced
+
+188
+00:14:29,700 --> 00:14:34,020
+adjustment of their own, but catch the spreading
+
+189
+00:14:34,020 --> 00:14:40,440
+notion of the town. So if you look at them, they
+
+190
+00:14:40,440 --> 00:14:44,400
+seem to have rhymed, but if you read them, yeah,
+
+191
+00:14:44,780 --> 00:14:49,160
+they, you know, do not have the same sound.
+
+192
+00:14:51,920 --> 00:14:57,880
+I think the final one is para rhyme. Para, it's
+
+193
+00:14:57,880 --> 00:15:03,860
+not like, as you see, it's a rhyme in which you
+
+194
+00:15:03,860 --> 00:15:10,640
+have the same consonants, but the inside vowels
+
+195
+00:15:10,640 --> 00:15:17,820
+are different. So if you look at this, I seem that
+
+196
+00:15:17,820 --> 00:15:23,190
+out of the bottle I escaped. Down some profound
+
+197
+00:15:23,190 --> 00:15:28,590
+doltenal I long since scooped, then through grains
+
+198
+00:15:28,590 --> 00:15:39,330
+which Titanic wars had grown, yet also the
+
+199
+00:15:39,330 --> 00:15:42,090
+encumbered sleepers grown. So what do you see?
+
+200
+00:15:42,210 --> 00:15:47,270
+Escaped and scooped. We have the same consonant,
+
+201
+00:15:47,650 --> 00:15:51,150
+but different vowel. So para, it is not
+
+202
+00:15:51,150 --> 00:15:54,810
+completely, you know? It is not complete. It is
+
+203
+00:15:54,810 --> 00:15:59,270
+semi, semi, you know? Semi-rhyme, because it has
+
+204
+00:15:59,270 --> 00:16:04,290
+similar consonants, but different vowels. And this
+
+205
+00:16:04,290 --> 00:16:08,790
+is again, you know, called para-rhyme.
+
+206
+00:16:12,910 --> 00:16:19,280
+Okay. The poems we are studying have rhyme, and
+
+207
+00:16:19,280 --> 00:16:25,480
+each rhyme, for example, in the sonnet of Sir
+
+208
+00:16:25,480 --> 00:16:30,560
+Thomas Wyatt, the rhyme was fitting the sonnet. He
+
+209
+00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:36,100
+was governed by this sonnet. It was A, if you
+
+210
+00:16:36,100 --> 00:16:44,980
+remember, B, B, A. A, B, B, A, C, D, C, D, and E,
+
+211
+00:16:45,020 --> 00:16:49,340
+E. So he was governed, but we said like when he
+
+212
+00:16:49,340 --> 00:16:55,720
+chose word like behind, you know, we had like that
+
+213
+00:16:55,720 --> 00:17:00,280
+long vowel and it has to do with his suffering and
+
+214
+00:17:00,280 --> 00:17:05,320
+agony. Okay? So in the sonnet, you are governed by
+
+215
+00:17:05,320 --> 00:17:08,320
+certain rhyme, but you have the freedom to play
+
+216
+00:17:08,660 --> 00:17:13,040
+Which words to choose? Which words to choose? But
+
+217
+00:17:13,040 --> 00:17:18,860
+rhyme is very important. Sometimes we might have
+
+218
+00:17:18,860 --> 00:17:21,820
+or we might have a good and a better understanding
+
+219
+00:17:21,820 --> 00:17:26,300
+of the poem because of a rhyme thing. The rhyme,
+
+220
+00:17:26,520 --> 00:17:29,660
+sometimes they employ it to express certain
+
+221
+00:17:29,660 --> 00:17:33,820
+feelings. Again, in Wilfred Owen, when he was
+
+222
+00:17:33,820 --> 00:17:42,670
+shocked, by the tragedies of the war. He didn't
+
+223
+00:17:42,670 --> 00:17:45,670
+use the perfect rhyme, he used I rhyme, he used
+
+224
+00:17:45,670 --> 00:17:50,610
+imperfect rhyme, paradigm. So there was no pattern
+
+225
+00:17:50,610 --> 00:17:55,930
+in the poem. And he did that deliberately in order
+
+226
+00:17:55,930 --> 00:18:01,090
+to correlate this
+
+227
+00:18:01,090 --> 00:18:07,710
+with his horror, his experience of disappointment
+
+228
+00:18:07,710 --> 00:18:10,650
+because of the horror of the war itself. So
+
+229
+00:18:10,650 --> 00:18:13,890
+sometimes there is kind of, you know, the rhyme
+
+230
+00:18:13,890 --> 00:18:17,430
+resonates with the meaning of the poem. Okay? Now,
+
+231
+00:18:18,030 --> 00:18:22,850
+we'll go to the problematic area, which is the
+
+232
+00:18:22,850 --> 00:18:27,270
+rhythm. And some of you are disturbed because of
+
+233
+00:18:27,270 --> 00:18:29,640
+the rhythm. and they think this is too much for
+
+234
+00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:34,660
+us. I'm not teaching you scansion or neither
+
+235
+00:18:34,660 --> 00:18:37,660
+prosody in this course, but it's very important to
+
+236
+00:18:37,660 --> 00:18:48,190
+know the meters. and to know certain feet and how
+
+237
+00:18:48,190 --> 00:18:52,050
+they function. Because sometimes again, in certain
+
+238
+00:18:52,050 --> 00:18:55,870
+poems, mainly in Shakespeare, he plays with rhythm
+
+239
+00:18:55,870 --> 00:19:01,770
+in order to suit perhaps an attitude or to fit
+
+240
+00:19:01,770 --> 00:19:05,870
+with a tone or the general atmosphere of the poem.
+
+241
+00:19:06,190 --> 00:19:09,570
+We are going to see that in one or two of his
+
+242
+00:19:09,570 --> 00:19:13,150
+sonnets. So let's see what is rhythm.
+
+243
+00:19:15,470 --> 00:19:18,090
+If you remember at the beginning of the course, we
+
+244
+00:19:18,090 --> 00:19:23,410
+spoke about rhythm when we defined poetry. And
+
+245
+00:19:23,410 --> 00:19:31,170
+here, these are the feet in English poetry. As we
+
+246
+00:19:31,170 --> 00:19:34,620
+said, Most of the English poetry, I mean 80-70
+
+247
+00:19:34,620 --> 00:19:37,320
+percent of the English poetry is written in iambic
+
+248
+00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:47,820
+pentameter. Iamb is like this, two syllables. As
+
+249
+00:19:47,820 --> 00:19:51,520
+you see, repeat, the word repeat. What is the
+
+250
+00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:56,580
+stress? Is it on the first or the second? Yes,
+
+251
+00:19:56,640 --> 00:20:02,120
+it's the longer one. Repeat, repeat, repeat. So it
+
+252
+00:20:02,120 --> 00:20:10,360
+is very long. We saw this also in Henry Howard's
+
+253
+00:20:10,360 --> 00:20:15,380
+poem last time. And thus I see among these
+
+254
+00:20:15,380 --> 00:20:19,140
+pleasant things. It was iambic pentameter. But
+
+255
+00:20:19,140 --> 00:20:24,680
+forget about pentameter. Like this is iamb. Ayam,
+
+256
+00:20:24,800 --> 00:20:28,060
+it's called Ayam. If you have, you know, this
+
+257
+00:20:28,060 --> 00:20:32,480
+pattern in the poem, you know, like repeat, you
+
+258
+00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:38,100
+know, meet, see, et cetera, you have, this is
+
+259
+00:20:38,100 --> 00:20:43,840
+Ayam. Now, the opposite of it, it's called Troche
+
+260
+00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:48,240
+or Troche. You know, one of them either. And it is
+
+261
+00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:54,440
+like never. Huh? Never. Like, look here, never.
+
+262
+00:20:54,720 --> 00:20:57,620
+Where is the stress? It's on the first one.
+
+263
+00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:03,900
+Clever. Never. Huh? Better. Okay, these are, you
+
+264
+00:21:03,900 --> 00:21:07,620
+know, this is a trochee. It's the opposite of?
+
+265
+00:21:08,920 --> 00:21:13,820
+Yes. The anabast. Okay, the anabast.
+
+266
+00:21:17,740 --> 00:21:25,210
+The anabast. is similar to the iambic, but you
+
+267
+00:21:25,210 --> 00:21:26,810
+have... Sorry.
+
+268
+00:21:33,510 --> 00:21:43,570
+Okay. I have to go back. The anabast
+
+269
+00:21:47,490 --> 00:21:55,310
+is like too unstressed, and then stressed, like
+
+270
+00:21:55,310 --> 00:22:01,150
+interrupt, corrupt. You see? I think you are
+
+271
+00:22:01,150 --> 00:22:06,230
+studying stress with Dr. Walid, okay? So, and Dr.
+
+272
+00:22:06,290 --> 00:22:09,150
+Khader like teaching you like this, so you can
+
+273
+00:22:09,150 --> 00:22:13,710
+make use of them in understanding the rhyme. Okay,
+
+274
+00:22:13,850 --> 00:22:19,570
+then you have something called dactyl. Dactyl as
+
+275
+00:22:19,570 --> 00:22:26,050
+it's like crochet, but instead of stressed, you
+
+276
+00:22:26,050 --> 00:22:30,030
+have stressed and too unstressed, like Washington,
+
+277
+00:22:31,490 --> 00:22:37,910
+wasting. It's like, as you see, one stressed, two
+
+278
+00:22:37,910 --> 00:22:44,130
+stressed. Then you have spondee. This is accented.
+
+279
+00:22:45,460 --> 00:22:50,580
+You don't have, it is like two words or two
+
+280
+00:22:50,580 --> 00:22:54,560
+stressed syllables together, heart rate, heart
+
+281
+00:22:54,560 --> 00:23:02,780
+rate, you know? Then you have pyrrhic, you know,
+
+282
+00:23:02,820 --> 00:23:08,080
+like it is too unstressed,
+
+283
+00:23:08,640 --> 00:23:12,100
+like as in the top of the mountain, the morning,
+
+284
+00:23:12,640 --> 00:23:16,850
+you know, in the top of, morning, like too
+
+285
+00:23:16,850 --> 00:23:23,430
+unstressed, too unstressed. Now we say monometer,
+
+286
+00:23:23,670 --> 00:23:29,690
+diameter, why? Because sometimes if we look at the
+
+287
+00:23:29,690 --> 00:23:33,950
+line of pottery, we might find iambic repeated
+
+288
+00:23:33,950 --> 00:23:38,210
+like this, never ever. So what should I say? This
+
+289
+00:23:38,210 --> 00:23:42,230
+is iambic what? Iambic monometer or diameter?
+
+290
+00:23:44,250 --> 00:23:48,850
+Diameter, because it has two. It has two. So we
+
+291
+00:23:48,850 --> 00:23:56,390
+say diameter, trimeter, monometer,
+
+292
+00:23:56,710 --> 00:23:57,510
+diameter,
+
+293
+00:23:59,850 --> 00:24:04,490
+yes, pentameter. It is according to the
+
+294
+00:24:04,490 --> 00:24:04,850
+repetition.
+
+295
+00:24:07,710 --> 00:24:12,110
+So here you have one foot is called what?
+
+296
+00:24:12,970 --> 00:24:13,450
+Monometer.
+
+297
+00:24:16,360 --> 00:24:25,820
+Two foot, diameter. Three, sorry, two feet. Three
+
+298
+00:24:25,820 --> 00:24:35,660
+feet, trimeter. Four feet, tetrameter. Five,
+
+299
+00:24:36,500 --> 00:24:41,500
+pentameter. That's why we said pentameter. Most of
+
+300
+00:24:41,500 --> 00:24:44,740
+English poetry is written in pentameter, which is
+
+301
+00:24:44,740 --> 00:24:49,590
+very musical. Then hexameter, six feet. Then
+
+302
+00:24:49,590 --> 00:24:53,690
+heptameter, seven feet. And I think here you have
+
+303
+00:24:53,690 --> 00:25:00,330
+some example. Like this is an example, you know,
+
+304
+00:25:00,990 --> 00:25:03,550
+of iambic pentameter.
+
+305
+00:25:04,930 --> 00:25:09,810
+Can anybody read this? Like here, from furthest
+
+306
+00:25:09,810 --> 00:25:15,680
+creature, we desire increase. that their beauties
+
+307
+00:25:15,680 --> 00:25:22,080
+rose, but never die. Who can read it? From there,
+
+308
+00:25:22,620 --> 00:25:27,440
+from fair creatures, we desire increase, that
+
+309
+00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:33,600
+their beauties rose, but never die. See? Titam,
+
+310
+00:25:33,880 --> 00:25:39,400
+titam. So try to read it according to them, from
+
+311
+00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:44,940
+fair, From fairest creatures, we desire increase,
+
+312
+00:25:45,540 --> 00:25:51,320
+that their beauties rose, but never die. So it is
+
+313
+00:25:51,320 --> 00:25:57,160
+measured, very musical. As I told you, if we talk
+
+314
+00:25:57,160 --> 00:26:00,640
+in iambic pentameter, we'll be funny. For example,
+
+315
+00:26:01,260 --> 00:26:05,780
+please, when you come to my class, write your
+
+316
+00:26:05,780 --> 00:26:08,980
+report. It's like this, you know, ti tam, ti tam,
+
+317
+00:26:09,060 --> 00:26:14,430
+ti tam. So another example, this is, you know, a
+
+318
+00:26:14,430 --> 00:26:15,010
+tetrameter.
+
+319
+00:26:18,630 --> 00:26:20,270
+Tetrameter, sorry.
+
+320
+00:26:30,150 --> 00:26:36,170
+This is iambic trimeter, three. It is the evening
+
+321
+00:26:36,170 --> 00:26:44,920
+hour. How silent all that lie. It is the evening
+
+322
+00:26:44,920 --> 00:26:53,760
+hour. How silent all that lie. See? This is iambic
+
+323
+00:26:53,760 --> 00:27:01,580
+trimeter. Then we have tetrameter. This is like
+
+324
+00:27:01,580 --> 00:27:04,180
+Troche. He's...
+
+325
+00:27:08,450 --> 00:27:10,050
+I think it is in the other side.
+
+326
+00:27:23,330 --> 00:27:27,550
+The iambic tetrameter, it's like, it's a poem we
+
+327
+00:27:27,550 --> 00:27:29,870
+are going to study. Okay, just like.
+
+328
+00:27:42,520 --> 00:27:45,340
+Is it clear? Okay.
+
+329
+00:27:56,700 --> 00:28:01,180
+This is, you know, tricky, but I'm just like, I
+
+330
+00:28:01,180 --> 00:28:04,660
+want to give you an example of iambic tetrameter.
+
+331
+00:28:05,300 --> 00:28:08,500
+It's like in Marlowe's, they never reply, come
+
+332
+00:28:08,500 --> 00:28:13,540
+live with me and be my love. It is, you know, Come
+
+333
+00:28:13,540 --> 00:28:17,940
+live with me and be my love. It is eight
+
+334
+00:28:17,940 --> 00:28:22,240
+syllables, and it is called iambic pentameter.
+
+335
+00:28:22,740 --> 00:28:27,100
+This is troche tetrameter. Come, you know, troche,
+
+336
+00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:30,920
+we said it's the opposite. Come my, what is the
+
+337
+00:28:30,920 --> 00:28:36,260
+stress? The first one. Come my, Celia, let us
+
+338
+00:28:36,260 --> 00:28:40,530
+prove why we made this sports of love. You know,
+
+339
+00:28:40,770 --> 00:28:43,670
+it's like troche, and how many syllables do you
+
+340
+00:28:43,670 --> 00:28:48,290
+have? You have like, you know, six here, as you
+
+341
+00:28:48,290 --> 00:28:52,110
+see. Tetra, because we have six syllables.
+
+342
+00:28:54,630 --> 00:29:00,490
+Tetrameter, like eight, in fact. Cum, cummi, this
+
+343
+00:29:00,490 --> 00:29:06,220
+is two, cilia two, two, so we have eight. Eight
+
+344
+00:29:06,220 --> 00:29:10,900
+syllables because the foot, each foot is like two
+
+345
+00:29:10,900 --> 00:29:15,060
+syllables. So this is called troche, dactyl,
+
+346
+00:29:16,660 --> 00:29:22,280
+tetrameter. Like this one, you know, women much
+
+347
+00:29:22,280 --> 00:29:27,000
+missed how you call to me, call to me, saying that
+
+348
+00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:34,000
+you are not as you were, okay? So this is, and all
+
+349
+00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:36,880
+these are examples of the meters, just like look
+
+350
+00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:39,540
+at them, you know, and see the stress, where the
+
+351
+00:29:39,540 --> 00:29:43,780
+stress, so it is very important that to know In
+
+352
+00:29:43,780 --> 00:29:49,060
+this course, we might look at the rhythm in some
+
+353
+00:29:49,060 --> 00:29:52,920
+poems because sometimes the rhythm might have
+
+354
+00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:58,360
+something to do with poetry. Good. This is
+
+355
+00:29:58,360 --> 00:30:05,780
+generally about rhythm and rhyme and rhythm. We'll
+
+356
+00:30:05,780 --> 00:30:09,880
+go back to the critical plan. Yes.
+
+357
+00:30:16,760 --> 00:30:20,260
+No, I mean it is up to the purpose, like how he
+
+358
+00:30:20,260 --> 00:30:24,780
+sees. Sometimes certain words, you know, do not
+
+359
+00:30:24,780 --> 00:30:30,020
+fit with the rhyme. But poets want to be regular.
+
+360
+00:30:31,180 --> 00:30:34,640
+Like I know some, you know, some students of mine,
+
+361
+00:30:35,880 --> 00:30:39,900
+write poetry by using rhythm. They go study rhythm
+
+362
+00:30:39,900 --> 00:30:43,200
+and they write poetry. Even they are not native
+
+363
+00:30:43,200 --> 00:30:47,220
+speakers, but they still, a student of mine, even
+
+364
+00:30:47,220 --> 00:30:51,420
+he's like Tawjihi, said, I wrote a poem in Anabas,
+
+365
+00:30:51,620 --> 00:30:56,190
+which was very surprising to me. So yes, they
+
+366
+00:30:56,190 --> 00:31:00,290
+choose sometimes like they vary it. Sometimes they
+
+367
+00:31:00,290 --> 00:31:05,230
+are systematic. It is according to the purpose
+
+368
+00:31:05,230 --> 00:31:07,150
+they want to establish. Yes, sir. Yes.
+
+369
+00:31:12,350 --> 00:31:19,230
+Forty love middle-aged couple. Yes. Yes.
+
+370
+00:31:22,760 --> 00:31:25,840
+It doesn't fit with the rhythm of that.
+
+371
+00:31:29,100 --> 00:31:32,920
+Yeah, but no, 40 love, 40 love, you have two
+
+372
+00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:37,680
+syllables. We have two syllables in each one. 40
+
+373
+00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:41,660
+love, it's like iambic. All of it, it is iambic
+
+374
+00:31:41,660 --> 00:31:45,440
+diameter. 40 love, middle-aged couple playing
+
+375
+00:31:45,440 --> 00:31:48,620
+tennis, it's iambic pentameter.
+
+376
+00:31:50,550 --> 00:31:53,730
+Yeah, that was, you know, I mean at the beginning
+
+377
+00:31:53,730 --> 00:31:56,750
+of the course I gave you two poems which are
+
+378
+00:31:56,750 --> 00:32:00,990
+modern. Sometimes some poets do not follow rhyme
+
+379
+00:32:00,990 --> 00:32:04,990
+at all, and this is called free verse. They do not
+
+380
+00:32:04,990 --> 00:32:07,630
+follow rhyme, and sometimes they vary it with
+
+381
+00:32:07,630 --> 00:32:12,100
+rhythm. See? But those poems I gave you at the
+
+382
+00:32:12,100 --> 00:32:18,420
+beginning of the course were just
+
+383
+00:32:18,420 --> 00:32:24,100
+very modern or very postmodern, in which the poets
+
+384
+00:32:24,100 --> 00:32:31,360
+did not commit themselves to the tradition of
+
+385
+00:32:31,360 --> 00:32:32,300
+English poetry.
+
+386
+00:32:34,920 --> 00:32:38,460
+If you remember last time, I gave you, quickly at
+
+387
+00:32:38,460 --> 00:32:45,520
+the end of the lecture, the leveler. And part two
+
+388
+00:32:45,520 --> 00:32:50,240
+of the critical plan was discussing some areas we,
+
+389
+00:32:50,820 --> 00:32:57,190
+as readers, might face when we read a poem. And as
+
+390
+00:32:57,190 --> 00:33:02,270
+you see, the first area was
+
+391
+00:33:02,270 --> 00:33:05,430
+like, we don't have to be very hasty. Some people
+
+392
+00:33:05,430 --> 00:33:09,750
+are hasty. This is part two. It's meaning,
+
+393
+00:33:10,790 --> 00:33:18,950
+intention, and idea. And here, as you see, we are
+
+394
+00:33:18,950 --> 00:33:21,950
+strongly advised
+
+395
+00:33:31,380 --> 00:33:34,280
+These are areas gaining balanced development of
+
+396
+00:33:34,280 --> 00:33:38,000
+the theme, maintaining the total experience of the
+
+397
+00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:42,280
+poem, and judging the poem on the basis of the
+
+398
+00:33:42,280 --> 00:33:43,100
+poet's intention.
+
+399
+00:33:46,300 --> 00:33:49,740
+We said, you know, gaining a balanced development
+
+400
+00:33:49,740 --> 00:33:52,960
+of the theme. We do not have to base our judgment
+
+401
+00:33:52,960 --> 00:34:01,470
+on one part of the poem, we have to follow or to
+
+402
+00:34:01,470 --> 00:34:06,890
+read the entire poem and to test this theme. Is it
+
+403
+00:34:06,890 --> 00:34:10,370
+like, does it fit with the whole poem or not? So
+
+404
+00:34:10,370 --> 00:34:15,590
+we don't have to be very hasty. And we gave you
+
+405
+00:34:15,590 --> 00:34:19,490
+the example of Deliverer, which was similar to the
+
+406
+00:34:19,490 --> 00:34:22,350
+example of the poem, Who's Lost to Hunt, if you
+
+407
+00:34:22,350 --> 00:34:27,410
+remember. So this is an area we should be careful.
+
+408
+00:34:29,070 --> 00:34:34,150
+Of course, we cannot say what is the poem about
+
+409
+00:34:34,150 --> 00:34:38,890
+unless we read it several times. The second
+
+410
+00:34:38,890 --> 00:34:42,370
+problem area like here, as you say, we have to
+
+411
+00:34:42,370 --> 00:34:46,910
+maintain the total experience. Here, the second
+
+412
+00:34:46,910 --> 00:34:52,650
+area is called the total meaning and the prose
+
+413
+00:34:52,650 --> 00:34:54,590
+meaning. There is something called the prose
+
+414
+00:34:54,590 --> 00:34:58,710
+meaning and the total meaning. What is the
+
+415
+00:34:58,710 --> 00:35:01,250
+difference between the prose meaning and the total
+
+416
+00:35:01,250 --> 00:35:05,950
+meaning? The prose meaning of the poem means the
+
+417
+00:35:05,950 --> 00:35:12,830
+dictionary meaning. It is the paraphrase. So if
+
+418
+00:35:12,830 --> 00:35:15,470
+you say spring,
+
+419
+00:35:18,460 --> 00:35:22,380
+has bloom and everything is beautiful, you are
+
+420
+00:35:22,380 --> 00:35:25,800
+paraphrasing. But when you link this description
+
+421
+00:35:25,800 --> 00:35:29,620
+with experience, you are talking about the total
+
+422
+00:35:29,620 --> 00:35:32,480
+experience. So the total experience is different
+
+423
+00:35:32,480 --> 00:35:36,860
+from the prose meaning.
+
+424
+00:35:39,580 --> 00:35:44,560
+This is the leveler we read last time. I wish you
+
+425
+00:35:44,560 --> 00:35:47,930
+look at it again. It's a very interesting poem,
+
+426
+00:35:48,930 --> 00:35:53,450
+and we saw how sarcastic the poet was.
+
+427
+00:35:56,590 --> 00:36:01,950
+Mainly here in the last two stanzas, when he said,
+
+428
+00:36:03,250 --> 00:36:08,710
+Old Sergeant Smith, kindness of man, wrote out two
+
+429
+00:36:08,710 --> 00:36:12,550
+copies there and then of his accustomed speech to
+
+430
+00:36:12,550 --> 00:36:17,380
+cheer the women folk of each. He died a hero's
+
+431
+00:36:17,380 --> 00:36:25,020
+death, and here we saw how sarcastic the poet was,
+
+432
+00:36:25,560 --> 00:36:30,720
+how cynical he was. He didn't believe in the idea
+
+433
+00:36:30,720 --> 00:36:35,920
+of heroism. The second area, this is like, do not
+
+434
+00:36:35,920 --> 00:36:43,800
+give hasty adjustment. This is the second problem.
+
+435
+00:36:44,580 --> 00:36:46,720
+to understand the poet's thoughts and emotions.
+
+436
+00:36:48,100 --> 00:36:52,120
+Now, yes, we have to understand the poet's
+
+437
+00:36:52,120 --> 00:36:54,600
+thoughts and emotions. And in order to understand
+
+438
+00:36:54,600 --> 00:36:58,280
+this, we have to be open. Now, sometimes we might
+
+439
+00:36:58,280 --> 00:37:02,820
+not like or we might find a poem difficult. Some
+
+440
+00:37:02,820 --> 00:37:05,120
+words are difficult and we say, damn, I'm not
+
+441
+00:37:05,120 --> 00:37:08,760
+going to read this poem. This is not good. Okay?
+
+442
+00:37:10,020 --> 00:37:15,530
+You have to be sympathetic. At least while you are
+
+443
+00:37:15,530 --> 00:37:18,610
+reading the poem, you have to be, because you
+
+444
+00:37:18,610 --> 00:37:22,170
+won't have access to the experience, to the total
+
+445
+00:37:22,170 --> 00:37:26,230
+experience of the poet unless you are sympathetic.
+
+446
+00:37:26,930 --> 00:37:29,230
+You have to understand. You have to live the
+
+447
+00:37:29,230 --> 00:37:33,390
+experience of the poet in order to appreciate the
+
+448
+00:37:33,390 --> 00:37:38,610
+poem. And as you see, sometimes we don't have to
+
+449
+00:37:38,610 --> 00:37:41,810
+judge the poem according to our initial feeling.
+
+450
+00:37:43,410 --> 00:37:46,430
+And we hear, be sure you go to the author to get
+
+451
+00:37:46,430 --> 00:37:51,630
+his meaning, not to find yours. Sometimes we are
+
+452
+00:37:51,630 --> 00:37:56,790
+blinded by a certain idea in our mind, and we keep
+
+453
+00:37:56,790 --> 00:38:01,010
+developing this and forget what the poem is about.
+
+454
+00:38:01,510 --> 00:38:04,950
+So I think this is something we have to be
+
+455
+00:38:04,950 --> 00:38:05,830
+cautious of.
+
+456
+00:38:09,450 --> 00:38:12,190
+As you see here, the meaning of the poem is the
+
+457
+00:38:12,190 --> 00:38:15,530
+experience it expresses. It is the experience. So
+
+458
+00:38:15,530 --> 00:38:18,150
+this is the meaning. What kind of experience? This
+
+459
+00:38:18,150 --> 00:38:21,530
+is the experience of happiness, sadness,
+
+460
+00:38:21,930 --> 00:38:25,230
+frustration. So this is the meaning of the poem.
+
+461
+00:38:25,510 --> 00:38:28,250
+It is not the prose meaning of the poem. It is not
+
+462
+00:38:28,250 --> 00:38:33,350
+the paraphrase of the poem. Okay, you just go read
+
+463
+00:38:33,350 --> 00:38:39,590
+this part because sometimes we like We might be
+
+464
+00:38:39,590 --> 00:38:43,470
+worried that the poem has no ideas. It discusses
+
+465
+00:38:43,470 --> 00:38:48,810
+no ideas. And we say, why? Sometimes we have a
+
+466
+00:38:48,810 --> 00:38:52,850
+poem which is meaningful because it is only a
+
+467
+00:38:52,850 --> 00:38:56,150
+description. And this description records the
+
+468
+00:38:56,150 --> 00:38:59,450
+experience. And if you see here, you have a poem,
+
+469
+00:38:59,570 --> 00:39:05,180
+The Eagle. The eagle is an example. Here, it's a
+
+470
+00:39:05,180 --> 00:39:09,560
+description of an eagle which goes up high and
+
+471
+00:39:09,560 --> 00:39:16,420
+then comes down as a thunderbolt. Like, look here.
+
+472
+00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:20,200
+This is the eagle. It's a description. He clasped
+
+473
+00:39:20,200 --> 00:39:26,260
+the crag with crocked hands, close to the sun in
+
+474
+00:39:26,260 --> 00:39:29,500
+lonely lands. Ringed with the azure word, he
+
+475
+00:39:29,500 --> 00:39:33,730
+stands. The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls. He
+
+476
+00:39:33,730 --> 00:39:36,510
+watches from his mountain walls. And like
+
+477
+00:39:36,510 --> 00:39:42,510
+thunderbolt, he falls. It's a description of
+
+478
+00:39:42,510 --> 00:39:44,890
+eagle.
+
+479
+00:39:46,090 --> 00:39:51,510
+This poem was written by Tennyson. Tennyson was a
+
+480
+00:39:51,510 --> 00:39:58,630
+Victorian poet. And in the Victorian time, the
+
+481
+00:39:58,630 --> 00:40:02,370
+world was changing. people started to lose
+
+482
+00:40:02,370 --> 00:40:06,410
+certainty about, you know, no social patterns like
+
+483
+00:40:06,410 --> 00:40:10,530
+laissez-faire or, you know, like there was
+
+484
+00:40:10,530 --> 00:40:14,150
+corruption, utilitarianism, you know, people, I
+
+485
+00:40:14,150 --> 00:40:17,390
+mean, materialism was governing everything. So the
+
+486
+00:40:17,390 --> 00:40:20,290
+sense of society, the social patterns, you know,
+
+487
+00:40:20,290 --> 00:40:25,310
+vanished. And in fact, even like religion, I mean,
+
+488
+00:40:25,390 --> 00:40:30,690
+religious values retreated and retreated and Here
+
+489
+00:40:30,690 --> 00:40:32,710
+the poet, what is the experience of the poet
+
+490
+00:40:32,710 --> 00:40:37,330
+exactly? He was looking, he looked at the eagle.
+
+491
+00:40:37,530 --> 00:40:40,990
+The eagle had the power to go up to leave this
+
+492
+00:40:40,990 --> 00:40:45,770
+land, to go and come down, while the poet himself
+
+493
+00:40:45,770 --> 00:40:52,410
+was mentally, psychologically entrapped. So he was
+
+494
+00:40:52,410 --> 00:40:58,590
+looking at this bird with some feeling of envy. He
+
+495
+00:40:58,590 --> 00:41:03,240
+was trapped. But look at this. He clasped the crag
+
+496
+00:41:03,240 --> 00:41:06,300
+with crooked hands. Look how he admires it. Close
+
+497
+00:41:06,300 --> 00:41:09,360
+to the sun in lonely lands. Ringed with azure. He
+
+498
+00:41:09,360 --> 00:41:14,040
+envies the freedom of this creature. The wrinkled
+
+499
+00:41:14,040 --> 00:41:17,320
+sea beneath. Look at him, how powerful. Him
+
+500
+00:41:17,320 --> 00:41:20,220
+crawls. He watches from his mountain walls. And
+
+501
+00:41:20,220 --> 00:41:24,180
+like a thunderbolt, he falls. So here, okay, the
+
+502
+00:41:24,180 --> 00:41:27,920
+description is wonderful. We might look at this
+
+503
+00:41:27,920 --> 00:41:31,160
+for more aesthetic consideration, but as you see
+
+504
+00:41:31,160 --> 00:41:36,820
+here, the experience of the poet was like he, he
+
+505
+00:41:36,820 --> 00:41:43,940
+was not Like, he didn't have the ability to leave
+
+506
+00:41:43,940 --> 00:41:47,840
+because psychologically, mentally, he was trapped.
+
+507
+00:41:48,380 --> 00:41:53,020
+His age was like an age of corruption, or an age
+
+508
+00:41:53,020 --> 00:41:55,520
+of materialism. So people felt they were trapped.
+
+509
+00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:58,660
+They could not go nowhere. And here, he's just
+
+510
+00:41:58,660 --> 00:42:01,920
+looking at this eagle who's having that ability to
+
+511
+00:42:01,920 --> 00:42:08,040
+escape. To escape, not like the poet. I think, you
+
+512
+00:42:08,040 --> 00:42:12,500
+know, today, this is enough for today. I'm giving
+
+513
+00:42:12,500 --> 00:42:17,220
+chance to other classes to catch up. Next time, as
+
+514
+00:42:17,220 --> 00:42:22,960
+I said, you have to bring, like, you know, your
+
+515
+00:42:22,960 --> 00:42:28,440
+response to Sidney and Spencer. You know, Spencer
+
+516
+00:42:28,440 --> 00:42:32,540
+to his, you know, there is a sonnet for Spencer.
+
+517
+00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:38,200
+So, but we are going to discuss first Sydney and
+
+518
+00:42:38,200 --> 00:42:42,740
+then Spencer, okay? Thank you very much.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/m2X-nrCJgYQ_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2292 @@
+1
+00:00:10,640 --> 00:00:16,800
+again for another poetry class so let me welcome
+
+2
+00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:22,120
+all of you again today today's class is a new poem
+
+3
+00:00:22,120 --> 00:00:25,440
+it's about a new poem a new poet
+
+4
+00:00:28,970 --> 00:00:32,370
+But the same period. So today we're going to see
+
+5
+00:00:32,370 --> 00:00:37,370
+Christopher Marlowe, one of the most famous
+
+6
+00:00:37,370 --> 00:00:45,470
+lyricist and pastoral poetry writers or poets.
+
+7
+00:00:50,180 --> 00:00:53,660
+But today's angle is going to be a little bit
+
+8
+00:00:53,660 --> 00:00:57,440
+different. Different in, I'm not going to explore
+
+9
+00:00:57,440 --> 00:01:01,660
+the poem in detail today, but rather to create a
+
+10
+00:01:01,660 --> 00:01:05,620
+context which might reveal the multifaceted
+
+11
+00:01:05,620 --> 00:01:12,560
+meanings of the poem itself. So, as usual, we
+
+12
+00:01:12,560 --> 00:01:18,490
+start by listening to one or two reports. Then one
+
+13
+00:01:18,490 --> 00:01:24,850
+or two responses in poetry, if you remember. After
+
+14
+00:01:24,850 --> 00:01:30,550
+that, we'll hold a debate. Either I bring a panel
+
+15
+00:01:30,550 --> 00:01:36,390
+here. We bring a panel like you here, a couple of
+
+16
+00:01:36,390 --> 00:01:39,050
+people, and you debate. And I'll be in the middle
+
+17
+00:01:39,050 --> 00:01:47,520
+just trying to flare up that debate. and perhaps
+
+18
+00:01:47,520 --> 00:01:51,300
+try to make you, yeah, it would be a nice idea to
+
+19
+00:01:51,300 --> 00:01:56,020
+have a panel here. Yes? Okay, this is today's
+
+20
+00:01:56,020 --> 00:02:00,640
+class. Hopefully this will be a springboard for
+
+21
+00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:04,920
+next class, okay? So today we're not going to go
+
+22
+00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:08,060
+deeper into the background, the historical
+
+23
+00:02:08,060 --> 00:02:11,980
+background or the cultural background, but we're
+
+24
+00:02:11,980 --> 00:02:15,660
+going to have a preparatory class for next class,
+
+25
+00:02:15,760 --> 00:02:22,070
+okay? Good. Let's listen as usual for a report. I
+
+26
+00:02:22,070 --> 00:02:24,250
+think you have never read a report. Okay, good.
+
+27
+00:02:24,650 --> 00:02:25,350
+You come here.
+
+28
+00:02:29,150 --> 00:02:33,780
+Good morning. All of us know poetry classes start
+
+29
+00:02:33,780 --> 00:02:37,600
+at night. As usually, Mr. Habib comes in the time.
+
+30
+00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:41,080
+Then, he selects one or two to read their reports.
+
+31
+00:02:41,740 --> 00:02:45,740
+Also, if we have a new poem, he will ask one or
+
+32
+00:02:45,740 --> 00:02:49,180
+two to read their response. After that, he begins
+
+33
+00:02:49,180 --> 00:02:53,680
+to explain. So, last class, he continued the
+
+34
+00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:58,280
+Spencer's poem, Poem Explained. He analyzed all
+
+35
+00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:03,790
+aspects of it. Also, Mrs. Amal came and shared Mr.
+
+36
+00:03:03,850 --> 00:03:10,350
+Habib to explain the rhyme of the poem. And a lot
+
+37
+00:03:10,350 --> 00:03:15,010
+of students joined with teacher in discussion it.
+
+38
+00:03:15,650 --> 00:03:18,870
+Finally, he finished the Spencer poem and called
+
+39
+00:03:18,870 --> 00:03:23,090
+us to prepare a new one for Marlow, and he ordered
+
+40
+00:03:23,090 --> 00:03:26,170
+from us to try to write response for it in poetic
+
+41
+00:03:26,170 --> 00:03:28,730
+form. He asked us, thank you very much. You know,
+
+42
+00:03:28,850 --> 00:03:33,470
+Amal, okay, it's not the message. She's mess, you
+
+43
+00:03:33,470 --> 00:03:35,710
+know. So this is good news, you know, for the
+
+44
+00:03:35,710 --> 00:03:39,350
+future, not now. Okay, good. Thank you very much.
+
+45
+00:03:39,570 --> 00:03:41,990
+Thank you for having the courage. You know, I
+
+46
+00:03:41,990 --> 00:03:45,470
+think you started to write very well. And this is
+
+47
+00:03:45,470 --> 00:03:48,750
+a, you know, good. Because I felt like you've
+
+48
+00:03:48,750 --> 00:03:51,730
+been, we've been teaching poetry for I think a
+
+49
+00:03:51,730 --> 00:03:56,060
+month now. Almost like this is the fourth week and
+
+50
+00:03:56,060 --> 00:04:00,080
+I feel that some students like critique develop
+
+51
+00:04:00,080 --> 00:04:03,080
+Their way of writing, you know, they started to
+
+52
+00:04:03,080 --> 00:04:06,980
+see writing like an easier thing Okay, still we
+
+53
+00:04:06,980 --> 00:04:15,080
+have the guts to listen to another report Okay Yes
+
+54
+00:04:15,080 --> 00:04:17,480
+Yes, please just come here
+
+55
+00:04:23,010 --> 00:04:27,150
+It's not a problem. It's short, laconic. You mean
+
+56
+00:04:27,150 --> 00:04:31,770
+like... Good morning. I sit to write my report and
+
+57
+00:04:31,770 --> 00:04:35,310
+ask myself what can I write my feeling during the
+
+58
+00:04:35,310 --> 00:04:39,190
+lecture or my feeling... I ask myself what I can
+
+59
+00:04:39,190 --> 00:04:41,970
+write. This is indirect question. Yes. Not what
+
+60
+00:04:41,970 --> 00:04:45,390
+can I write. You know? Okay. or my feelings about
+
+61
+00:04:45,390 --> 00:04:49,730
+the last poem. It was boring to write about a bus
+
+62
+00:04:49,730 --> 00:04:52,750
+event every day as you're writing a daily report.
+
+63
+00:04:53,170 --> 00:04:56,170
+I sit and imagine how to start attractive report
+
+64
+00:04:56,170 --> 00:05:00,690
+because I lose my words, but it is not true. I
+
+65
+00:05:00,690 --> 00:05:03,550
+start to get new words, new ideas, new
+
+66
+00:05:03,550 --> 00:05:09,430
+imagination. Then I realize it is a useful way to
+
+67
+00:05:09,430 --> 00:05:13,020
+develop our writing and thinking.Yes, thank you.
+
+68
+00:05:13,320 --> 00:05:16,060
+That's right. So at some point like you might
+
+69
+00:05:16,060 --> 00:05:18,120
+reach like, hey, I don't have anything to write
+
+70
+00:05:18,120 --> 00:05:21,500
+about. And then, you know, here the point of
+
+71
+00:05:21,500 --> 00:05:24,080
+creativity starts when you don't have when you
+
+72
+00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:27,540
+find writing a report is a boring issue. So then
+
+73
+00:05:27,540 --> 00:05:32,090
+you you find any hook. Like to start with and then
+
+74
+00:05:32,090 --> 00:05:36,230
+to weave your story or your narrative. So this is
+
+75
+00:05:36,230 --> 00:05:38,930
+like the most wonderful thing about the report.
+
+76
+00:05:39,430 --> 00:05:44,050
+Plus it is a way to vent out, you know, your if
+
+77
+00:05:44,050 --> 00:05:46,970
+you are not happy with something, it's good. Good.
+
+78
+00:05:49,450 --> 00:05:55,410
+Yes. What response? Wow. Like a lot of people want
+
+79
+00:05:55,410 --> 00:06:01,900
+to respond. Yes. You just go. Now, I need to
+
+80
+00:06:01,900 --> 00:06:07,060
+listen to several responses. Why? Because this
+
+81
+00:06:07,060 --> 00:06:09,580
+will help you now to vote, because there will be
+
+82
+00:06:09,580 --> 00:06:14,580
+voting whether to go or not to go. So here, we'll
+
+83
+00:06:14,580 --> 00:06:18,300
+see how many people who would say, OK, I like to
+
+84
+00:06:18,300 --> 00:06:23,020
+go. It's good. And how many people who want to
+
+85
+00:06:23,020 --> 00:06:26,460
+say, no, I'm not going. Good. So the first word,
+
+86
+00:06:26,520 --> 00:06:30,050
+I'm going. Yes. Let's see. I'm going to the valley
+
+87
+00:06:30,050 --> 00:06:33,050
+where the water flow. I will use the wall and the
+
+88
+00:06:33,050 --> 00:06:35,770
+rest I will draw. And the candid tears will melt
+
+89
+00:06:35,770 --> 00:06:38,350
+the snow. The picture of happiness I will draw.
+
+90
+00:06:38,750 --> 00:06:41,790
+And for sadness he said no. A suitable figures of
+
+91
+00:06:41,790 --> 00:06:44,890
+speech he draw. The natural romantic language used
+
+92
+00:06:44,890 --> 00:06:47,470
+was suitable for you. Themes of simplicity and
+
+93
+00:06:47,470 --> 00:06:50,430
+love, that's what he want us to know. But for her,
+
+94
+00:06:50,690 --> 00:06:53,550
+she might say bye and go. This was a nice poem
+
+95
+00:06:53,550 --> 00:06:56,290
+from Marlow and what Dr. Akram want us to know.
+
+96
+00:06:56,790 --> 00:07:00,740
+Okay, thank you. Clap for her. Yeah, but it's good
+
+97
+00:07:00,740 --> 00:07:03,920
+response, like you respond to a poem by poetry,
+
+98
+00:07:04,140 --> 00:07:07,820
+but it's good that you are listing, you know, the
+
+99
+00:07:07,820 --> 00:07:12,300
+elements of persuasion. You know, she started to
+
+100
+00:07:12,300 --> 00:07:15,400
+talk about like the promises, the lovely things he
+
+101
+00:07:15,400 --> 00:07:19,520
+promised, the natural life, the romantic scenes of
+
+102
+00:07:19,520 --> 00:07:23,180
+the countryside. Good. Yes.
+
+103
+00:07:28,810 --> 00:07:33,330
+I will not go. Okay, good. Answer to, answer to
+
+104
+00:07:33,330 --> 00:07:35,070
+what? Because you are my relative, you know she's
+
+105
+00:07:35,070 --> 00:07:40,040
+not going. Sorry Marlo, I can't go with you in
+
+106
+00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:42,680
+your world. There is a lot of things inside me
+
+107
+00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:47,020
+warn me. This is not acceptable, and in my society
+
+108
+00:07:47,020 --> 00:07:49,960
+this is not available. My religion forbids that,
+
+109
+00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:53,880
+and I must accept it. You entice me by something
+
+110
+00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:56,720
+unreal, and I have been waiting for something
+
+111
+00:07:56,720 --> 00:08:00,160
+greater and glorious. I am with you that these are
+
+112
+00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:03,360
+unattractive things, but I try to make myself away
+
+113
+00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:07,030
+from it. You are a sensitive and a romantic man,
+
+114
+00:08:07,230 --> 00:08:12,890
+but I try to be a realistic one. I am a Muslim, so
+
+115
+00:08:12,890 --> 00:08:17,050
+I have to respect my Islam. Allah prohibited this
+
+116
+00:08:17,050 --> 00:08:21,370
+splendor, so I have to obey his order. So try to
+
+117
+00:08:21,370 --> 00:08:24,570
+forgive me I can't come. At least I will have a
+
+118
+00:08:24,570 --> 00:08:27,470
+heaven and a paradise which Allah prepared for us.
+
+119
+00:08:27,550 --> 00:08:29,730
+Wow, good. Thank you very much. I think she
+
+120
+00:08:29,730 --> 00:08:33,510
+succeeded in persuading, in dissuading you not to
+
+121
+00:08:33,510 --> 00:08:37,250
+go. But let's see somebody who will persuade. It's
+
+122
+00:08:37,250 --> 00:08:41,430
+fun, you know. Yes, Rawan, like, and I think
+
+123
+00:08:41,430 --> 00:08:45,770
+Khawla as well. So today we're supposed to listen
+
+124
+00:08:45,770 --> 00:08:49,780
+to many responses. Good. The shepherd invites his
+
+125
+00:08:49,780 --> 00:08:52,240
+love to come with him to live in the countryside,
+
+126
+00:08:52,600 --> 00:08:55,360
+which contains pleasures of all kinds, to enjoy
+
+127
+00:08:55,360 --> 00:08:58,700
+the nature sights. Is he out of his mind? With no
+
+128
+00:08:58,700 --> 00:09:01,760
+future defined, there is no brandy the lady can
+
+129
+00:09:01,760 --> 00:09:04,960
+find. So this is like a cynical attitude. No
+
+130
+00:09:04,960 --> 00:09:08,500
+future, nothing realistic. The same concern is
+
+131
+00:09:08,500 --> 00:09:13,800
+shared by her, like nothing is real, nothing is
+
+132
+00:09:13,800 --> 00:09:17,720
+concrete. All of these are just promises in the
+
+133
+00:09:17,720 --> 00:09:21,090
+air. Good. I just can't decide whether he's being
+
+134
+00:09:21,090 --> 00:09:25,450
+ridiculous or serious. He wants to watch the
+
+135
+00:09:25,450 --> 00:09:28,190
+river, but he didn't bother himself to make any
+
+136
+00:09:28,190 --> 00:09:31,930
+offer. Even if he brought a rose, he didn't do
+
+137
+00:09:31,930 --> 00:09:34,450
+both. He wants to hear the birds sing. Yeah, like
+
+138
+00:09:34,450 --> 00:09:36,990
+here, there is a way out as a Muslim, you know.
+
+139
+00:09:37,150 --> 00:09:41,650
+Okay. like if there is like a formal proposal you
+
+140
+00:09:41,650 --> 00:09:45,230
+know and a formal you know relationship like it's
+
+141
+00:09:45,230 --> 00:09:49,230
+a you know marriage relationship so this kind of
+
+142
+00:09:49,230 --> 00:09:52,770
+you know relationship would be legal and as a
+
+143
+00:09:52,770 --> 00:09:58,070
+Muslim we will respond eagerly you know So there
+
+144
+00:09:58,070 --> 00:10:01,230
+are limitations for us as Muslims, you know, this
+
+145
+00:10:01,230 --> 00:10:06,070
+doesn't appeal to us unless we have certain, you
+
+146
+00:10:06,070 --> 00:10:10,710
+know, prerequisites to be achieved. He wants to
+
+147
+00:10:10,710 --> 00:10:13,230
+hear the bird sing, but he didn't bring any wing.
+
+148
+00:10:13,590 --> 00:10:16,190
+It seemed that the lady never cared because her
+
+149
+00:10:16,190 --> 00:10:19,540
+response was never heard. Yeah, you are detaching
+
+150
+00:10:19,540 --> 00:10:23,260
+yourself. You talk about the lady and because I
+
+151
+00:10:23,260 --> 00:10:26,980
+think this poem was addressed to us. Good. The
+
+152
+00:10:26,980 --> 00:10:30,220
+last one, Khaoula, if you know. Okay. Yes,
+
+153
+00:10:30,280 --> 00:10:36,280
+Khaoula. So we have so far like three people like
+
+154
+00:10:36,280 --> 00:10:42,190
+refusing to go. Yes. Good morning. To His Love is
+
+155
+00:10:42,190 --> 00:10:44,750
+a poem written by Marlow. It's the fifth time I
+
+156
+00:10:44,750 --> 00:10:47,810
+write response for the poem, but I feel I feel now
+
+157
+00:10:47,810 --> 00:10:50,110
+there is no difficulty in writing. After I read
+
+158
+00:10:50,110 --> 00:10:53,110
+the poem loudly, the words, the style, and even
+
+159
+00:10:53,110 --> 00:10:55,610
+the theme attract my attention. It's the first
+
+160
+00:10:55,610 --> 00:10:58,210
+time the poet invites his beloved to come and to
+
+161
+00:10:58,210 --> 00:11:00,890
+be his wife, so this is a new style in our
+
+162
+00:11:00,890 --> 00:11:03,250
+studying of poetry. I face some difficulties with
+
+163
+00:11:05,430 --> 00:11:08,610
+I faced some difficulties whereas actually, but I
+
+164
+00:11:08,610 --> 00:11:10,310
+tried to understand it throughout the context.
+
+165
+00:11:10,490 --> 00:11:13,170
+Marlow used an image which is an imaginative image
+
+166
+00:11:13,170 --> 00:11:16,350
+because I don't think there is an image like he
+
+167
+00:11:16,350 --> 00:11:18,770
+narrated. He invites his beloved to come and to
+
+168
+00:11:18,770 --> 00:11:21,890
+live with him in the countryside where everything
+
+169
+00:11:21,890 --> 00:11:25,510
+will be depositioned to serve them. They will sit
+
+170
+00:11:25,510 --> 00:11:28,490
+upon the rocks and watch the shepherd feeding
+
+171
+00:11:28,490 --> 00:11:33,370
+their flocks. This image reflects his mood and
+
+172
+00:11:33,370 --> 00:11:36,110
+attitude, all images from nature and as hills,
+
+173
+00:11:36,250 --> 00:11:39,210
+valleys, flowers and mountains. Finally, I just
+
+174
+00:11:39,210 --> 00:11:42,090
+want to say that Marlow was succeeded in using
+
+175
+00:11:42,090 --> 00:11:44,750
+language to convince his beloved to live with him,
+
+176
+00:11:44,930 --> 00:11:47,810
+and he's an optimistic one, so I... Thank you,
+
+177
+00:11:47,910 --> 00:11:51,690
+thank you. Okay, good. Yes, the last one, because,
+
+178
+00:11:51,990 --> 00:11:54,650
+you know, this is like a good introduction for
+
+179
+00:11:54,650 --> 00:11:59,910
+like the debate. Let's see who will be here and
+
+180
+00:11:59,910 --> 00:12:03,820
+who will be here, you know? Okay. Superficial, my
+
+181
+00:12:03,820 --> 00:12:06,540
+love, seems your verse. As of nature, you seem
+
+182
+00:12:06,540 --> 00:12:09,400
+more fascinated than me. Those pleasures you speak
+
+183
+00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:12,140
+of for me, better or worse, seems not to matter,
+
+184
+00:12:12,280 --> 00:12:15,100
+for it's you who will see. Those silver dishes of
+
+185
+00:12:15,100 --> 00:12:17,760
+meat you speak of are my curse, for who will
+
+186
+00:12:17,760 --> 00:12:20,600
+prepare for the idle shepherd his provisions? Get
+
+187
+00:12:20,600 --> 00:12:22,940
+real, man, of you, after this, I'm not a great
+
+188
+00:12:22,940 --> 00:12:26,680
+fan. Okay, thank you very much. Okay, now I want
+
+189
+00:12:26,680 --> 00:12:30,920
+to see people here like to come See people who do
+
+190
+00:12:30,920 --> 00:12:34,500
+not want to go. Okay, just you come here, sit
+
+191
+00:12:34,500 --> 00:12:38,240
+down. This is a debate. It's like TV debate. Okay,
+
+192
+00:12:38,780 --> 00:12:44,500
+who thinks that you shouldn't go? Yes, you just
+
+193
+00:12:44,500 --> 00:12:52,160
+come here. Okay, you come here. Okay. You just
+
+194
+00:12:52,160 --> 00:12:54,840
+bring your chair, because this is a debate. This
+
+195
+00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:59,100
+is a debate. Sit here. Okay, you sit here.
+
+196
+00:13:02,070 --> 00:13:08,970
+yes and I need the like a third one okay so those
+
+197
+00:13:08,970 --> 00:13:15,570
+who think it's nice to go where are they okay yes
+
+198
+00:13:15,570 --> 00:13:23,730
+okay good one yeah
+
+199
+00:13:23,730 --> 00:13:30,730
+like here to go yes yeah to go where is like yeah
+
+200
+00:13:30,730 --> 00:13:35,310
+I need like this Don't worry, I might change you
+
+201
+00:13:35,310 --> 00:13:37,970
+now, like I changed the order. So Amal, do you
+
+202
+00:13:37,970 --> 00:13:41,010
+want to play with me? I'm just going to watch. No,
+
+203
+00:13:41,190 --> 00:13:45,910
+it's good, like, you know. Yeah, you can come. I
+
+204
+00:13:45,910 --> 00:13:54,750
+might switch it. OK. Yes. Yes, you can come. OK.
+
+205
+00:13:55,550 --> 00:13:59,790
+Ladies, good morning. Ladies and gentlemen, good
+
+206
+00:13:59,790 --> 00:14:03,240
+morning. Today, we have a wonderful debate. It's
+
+207
+00:14:03,240 --> 00:14:07,000
+like we have an invitation from a lesbian poet
+
+208
+00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:11,640
+named Christopher Martin. And all of you read the
+
+209
+00:14:11,640 --> 00:14:16,480
+invitation. It's not a willing invitation, but it
+
+210
+00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:20,840
+is an invitation to go with the poet to the
+
+211
+00:14:20,840 --> 00:14:26,520
+countryside. Here we have some people who are
+
+212
+00:14:26,520 --> 00:14:30,550
+cynical, who are Little adamant, they don't trust
+
+213
+00:14:30,550 --> 00:14:34,230
+the poet, and they decided not to go. Of course,
+
+214
+00:14:34,370 --> 00:14:38,910
+we'll ask them about the reasons. And again here,
+
+215
+00:14:38,990 --> 00:14:44,270
+we have people who wanted to give themselves time
+
+216
+00:14:44,270 --> 00:14:47,650
+to relax. And they thought it was a good idea to
+
+217
+00:14:47,650 --> 00:14:52,470
+go and to enjoy the beauty, because there is a
+
+218
+00:14:52,470 --> 00:14:55,810
+carefree life. It's wonderful. It's a good
+
+219
+00:14:55,810 --> 00:15:00,050
+vacation to go there. Now, they are going to
+
+220
+00:15:00,050 --> 00:15:03,410
+debate. But when they debate, of course, you know,
+
+221
+00:15:04,150 --> 00:15:07,250
+like one would start by an argument. Yeah, it's
+
+222
+00:15:07,250 --> 00:15:10,690
+good to go out and become suicidal and to relax,
+
+223
+00:15:10,910 --> 00:15:13,930
+to escape from this. And the other would say,
+
+224
+00:15:14,630 --> 00:15:17,770
+yeah, you might be right. I think I might share
+
+225
+00:15:17,770 --> 00:15:20,010
+you. I respect your point of view. But let me
+
+226
+00:15:20,010 --> 00:15:22,750
+disagree with you. So whenever you disagree with
+
+227
+00:15:22,750 --> 00:15:29,930
+each other, use best language, OK? let's see i
+
+228
+00:15:29,930 --> 00:15:31,610
+think you have the invitation you received the
+
+229
+00:15:31,610 --> 00:15:38,790
+invitation so why did you decide not to go yes i
+
+230
+00:15:38,790 --> 00:15:39,370
+decided
+
+231
+00:15:43,500 --> 00:15:47,680
+mind say to me no. That first of all my values, my
+
+232
+00:15:47,680 --> 00:15:54,260
+culture, my religion forbid that. That because the
+
+233
+00:15:54,260 --> 00:16:00,920
+illegal relationship between men and
+
+234
+00:16:00,920 --> 00:16:03,880
+women is not acceptable in our society. So the
+
+235
+00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:08,900
+best way to connect the man and the woman if she
+
+236
+00:16:08,900 --> 00:16:12,120
+wants to go with him is the marriage. So I will
+
+237
+00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:17,550
+not go. Now they say, like, I think the poem, you
+
+238
+00:16:17,550 --> 00:16:19,210
+know, I don't know, like, let's see what they are
+
+239
+00:16:19,210 --> 00:16:24,350
+going to say. Yes? I want to say that while they
+
+240
+00:16:24,350 --> 00:16:29,730
+are seeing things like this, that it is forbidden
+
+241
+00:16:29,730 --> 00:16:32,270
+and it is like they are going to a legal
+
+242
+00:16:32,270 --> 00:16:37,430
+relationship, why not? I am with my mind, I'm not
+
+243
+00:16:37,430 --> 00:16:39,730
+mindless, so I can decide what's right and what's
+
+244
+00:16:39,730 --> 00:16:43,330
+wrong. So why not a place of mountains, valleys,
+
+245
+00:16:43,490 --> 00:16:48,010
+roses, flowers, walls and relaxation? It's
+
+246
+00:16:48,010 --> 00:16:51,220
+something nice. So she thinks like it's good like
+
+247
+00:16:51,220 --> 00:16:55,640
+to have your own decision and to go, you know. Of
+
+248
+00:16:55,640 --> 00:16:57,920
+course, like she didn't talk about the
+
+249
+00:16:57,920 --> 00:17:03,040
+restrictions. Let's see here. Yes, another support
+
+250
+00:17:03,040 --> 00:17:06,600
+like I'll change position, you know. allow me to
+
+251
+00:17:06,600 --> 00:17:09,140
+disagree with both of them because here i do not
+
+252
+00:17:09,140 --> 00:17:11,860
+think that he specified you know you know you can
+
+253
+00:17:11,860 --> 00:17:14,460
+you have to go you know for an illegal
+
+254
+00:17:14,460 --> 00:17:18,020
+relationship i think the main focus of the poem is
+
+255
+00:17:18,020 --> 00:17:20,600
+about the pastoral side and the pastoral way of
+
+256
+00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:23,400
+life so what i think of it i think that the
+
+257
+00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:28,190
+attitude that marlo himself uh took is one that is
+
+258
+00:17:28,190 --> 00:17:31,870
+very idle he idealized everything um not
+
+259
+00:17:31,870 --> 00:17:33,950
+everything is always positive not everything is
+
+260
+00:17:33,950 --> 00:17:36,550
+always rosy and flowery there is always a positive
+
+261
+00:17:36,550 --> 00:17:39,090
+and negative side for everything he he talked
+
+262
+00:17:39,090 --> 00:17:41,430
+about the shepherd's singing singing he talked
+
+263
+00:17:41,430 --> 00:17:44,430
+about him watching everything he seems like really
+
+264
+00:17:44,430 --> 00:17:47,850
+lazy and idle he seems like he's just making
+
+265
+00:17:47,850 --> 00:17:51,900
+everything like uh heavenly for her Although she
+
+266
+00:17:51,900 --> 00:17:54,900
+needs to realize that this is not a lifetime
+
+267
+00:17:54,900 --> 00:17:58,900
+honeymoon. It's going to be hard to live on, you
+
+268
+00:17:58,900 --> 00:18:01,860
+know, on a regular basis this way of life. She can
+
+269
+00:18:01,860 --> 00:18:04,180
+go for a visit, you know what I mean? But it's not
+
+270
+00:18:04,180 --> 00:18:05,980
+going to be practical and it's not going to be
+
+271
+00:18:05,980 --> 00:18:09,360
+realistic. You are buffing us. You are in the
+
+272
+00:18:09,360 --> 00:18:11,840
+middle. You should be in the middle here. And you
+
+273
+00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:14,940
+know what? You made your team lose a point, you
+
+274
+00:18:14,940 --> 00:18:21,720
+know? So I would say, one, nail you know okay so
+
+275
+00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:23,620
+you have to be adamant you have to be stubborn
+
+276
+00:18:23,620 --> 00:18:27,280
+good now good like you see like you want a point
+
+277
+00:18:27,280 --> 00:18:31,480
+yes like uh well for me i would say i would go
+
+278
+00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:36,880
+because of the nature of our life civilized life I
+
+279
+00:18:36,880 --> 00:18:40,020
+would, for me, I would go because of, you know,
+
+280
+00:18:40,100 --> 00:18:42,280
+the nature of our daily life, civilized life. We
+
+281
+00:18:42,280 --> 00:18:46,440
+hardly even notice the tree that we cross. So
+
+282
+00:18:46,440 --> 00:18:52,380
+going to a pastoral area would actually be a nice
+
+283
+00:18:52,380 --> 00:18:56,430
+holiday. It would be a nice holiday, yes? Yes.
+
+284
+00:18:58,070 --> 00:19:00,510
+Okay, go ahead. It would be a very nice holiday
+
+285
+00:19:00,510 --> 00:19:04,610
+for me to ponder and to look around for the trees
+
+286
+00:19:04,610 --> 00:19:07,590
+and all the things that he said he would do. So
+
+287
+00:19:07,590 --> 00:19:09,930
+yes, I would go for relaxation. You would go out.
+
+288
+00:19:10,030 --> 00:19:14,030
+You are attracted by all these scenes and beauty,
+
+289
+00:19:14,570 --> 00:19:14,870
+yes?
+
+290
+00:19:19,710 --> 00:19:23,210
+neither than idols so even if there was a like
+
+291
+00:19:23,210 --> 00:19:27,130
+beauty in life outside life but there's still even
+
+292
+00:19:27,130 --> 00:19:29,610
+no matter how life can be complex but we can live
+
+293
+00:19:29,610 --> 00:19:33,350
+without it and we can cope with it yeah and he
+
+294
+00:19:33,350 --> 00:19:35,890
+didn't even he didn't make any promise that he
+
+295
+00:19:35,890 --> 00:19:38,670
+would stay with her or marry her or even a long
+
+296
+00:19:38,670 --> 00:19:42,010
+-term relationship he just said come with me so
+
+297
+00:19:42,010 --> 00:19:46,680
+she didn't have like but is he going to be the you
+
+298
+00:19:46,680 --> 00:19:48,780
+know the only one in the countryside this is the
+
+299
+00:19:48,780 --> 00:19:51,060
+question they might say he's not going to be the
+
+300
+00:19:51,060 --> 00:19:53,220
+only one you know there will be a lot of people a
+
+301
+00:19:53,220 --> 00:19:56,980
+lot of shepherds a lot of swains you know okay i
+
+302
+00:19:56,980 --> 00:20:00,390
+don't believe him I feel like I feel like he's
+
+303
+00:20:00,390 --> 00:20:03,430
+being very like he's idealizing everything He says
+
+304
+00:20:03,430 --> 00:20:07,830
+that the silver dishes of meat for for you who's
+
+305
+00:20:07,830 --> 00:20:10,010
+going to make the silver dishes of meat It's gonna
+
+306
+00:20:10,010 --> 00:20:12,970
+be like make me some dinner for God's sake. That's
+
+307
+00:20:12,970 --> 00:20:15,270
+the way they're gonna act in the end It's you
+
+308
+00:20:15,270 --> 00:20:17,810
+know, yeah, it's ridiculous. Let us read the
+
+309
+00:20:17,810 --> 00:20:20,050
+imitation again. Who wants to read the imitation?
+
+310
+00:20:20,690 --> 00:20:24,940
+like in a poet form it would be nice like to you
+
+311
+00:20:24,940 --> 00:20:29,660
+can click this and yes and read the poem read the
+
+312
+00:20:29,660 --> 00:20:38,040
+invitation uh i don't know yeah wow look come with
+
+313
+00:20:38,040 --> 00:20:41,440
+me and be my love and we will own the pleasures
+
+314
+00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:47,440
+through the hills and the valleys dale and fields
+
+315
+00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:52,260
+and all the craggy mountain hills There we will
+
+316
+00:20:52,260 --> 00:20:56,920
+sit upon the rocks, seeing the shepherds feed
+
+317
+00:20:56,920 --> 00:21:02,000
+their flocks by shallow rivers, to whose forms the
+
+318
+00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:07,600
+lodges birds sing mandolins. There will I make
+
+319
+00:21:07,600 --> 00:21:12,040
+thee a bin of roses and a thousand fragrant roses,
+
+320
+00:21:13,180 --> 00:21:17,260
+a cab of flowers and a curtain embroidered with
+
+321
+00:21:17,260 --> 00:21:23,470
+leaves and myrtle, A gown? A gown made of the
+
+322
+00:21:23,470 --> 00:21:32,370
+finest wool. A gown made of the finest wool, which
+
+323
+00:21:32,370 --> 00:21:36,570
+from our pretty lamps we pull. Fair lines
+
+324
+00:21:36,570 --> 00:21:41,350
+splattered, slippers for the cold, with packles of
+
+325
+00:21:41,350 --> 00:21:45,250
+the purest gold. A belt of straw and ivory buds,
+
+326
+00:21:45,870 --> 00:21:50,730
+with coral clasp and amber studs. If these
+
+327
+00:21:50,730 --> 00:21:54,710
+pleasures made thee move, come live with me and be
+
+328
+00:21:54,710 --> 00:22:00,570
+my love. Thy silver dishes, for thy need, as
+
+329
+00:22:00,570 --> 00:22:04,710
+precious as the goods to eat, shall on an ivory
+
+330
+00:22:04,710 --> 00:22:10,530
+table be prepared each day for thee and me. The
+
+331
+00:22:10,530 --> 00:22:13,510
+shepherds, the shepherds' swains, shall dance and
+
+332
+00:22:13,510 --> 00:22:17,730
+sing for thy delight each day in our name. If
+
+333
+00:22:17,730 --> 00:22:21,510
+these delights thy mind, they move, they live with
+
+334
+00:22:21,510 --> 00:22:25,430
+me and be my love I think it's very interesting
+
+335
+00:22:25,430 --> 00:22:30,570
+like look here it is good thing for a lady like to
+
+336
+00:22:30,570 --> 00:22:34,310
+be blind nowadays ladies are complaining they are
+
+337
+00:22:34,310 --> 00:22:37,770
+cocking they are doing the kitchen work here as
+
+338
+00:22:37,770 --> 00:22:41,130
+you see I don't believe him either he's not being
+
+339
+00:22:41,130 --> 00:22:43,150
+realistic what do you want to say yes
+
+340
+00:22:48,510 --> 00:22:51,570
+as if she is a princess and she is controlling
+
+341
+00:22:51,570 --> 00:22:55,410
+everything around her and also them and himself is
+
+342
+00:22:55,410 --> 00:22:59,710
+controlled by her so she will feel like as if she
+
+343
+00:22:59,710 --> 00:23:02,390
+is in heaven yeah she's in heaven you know like
+
+344
+00:23:02,390 --> 00:23:05,190
+okay good and now I'm telling that he's being a
+
+345
+00:23:05,190 --> 00:23:08,410
+romantic not a ridiculous I don't know what okay
+
+346
+00:23:08,410 --> 00:23:13,090
+there's nothing amazing in watching this hold on
+
+347
+00:23:13,090 --> 00:23:16,070
+hold on let's let's go okay yeah you want to
+
+348
+00:23:16,070 --> 00:23:18,130
+repeat that again okay
+
+349
+00:23:20,740 --> 00:23:25,540
+Yes, go ahead. Yes, I feel that everything is
+
+350
+00:23:25,540 --> 00:23:28,160
+ready for her and she will feel that she is a
+
+351
+00:23:28,160 --> 00:23:30,580
+princess and controlling everything around her. So
+
+352
+00:23:30,580 --> 00:23:33,060
+she will be having a special life, a very
+
+353
+00:23:33,060 --> 00:23:36,860
+prestigious life. She will be feeling that
+
+354
+00:23:36,860 --> 00:23:39,660
+everything is under her control.
+
+355
+00:23:42,460 --> 00:23:44,200
+Yeah, what did you want to say? I wanted to say
+
+356
+00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:46,520
+that he's being a romantic, not what they said,
+
+357
+00:23:46,620 --> 00:23:49,460
+ridiculous and stupid. He can't be romantic 24x7.
+
+358
+00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:54,940
+He can't be romantic 24x7, like you can't, come
+
+359
+00:23:54,940 --> 00:23:57,340
+on, like be realistic. Be realistic, he's not
+
+360
+00:23:57,340 --> 00:23:59,860
+realistic at all. He's not realistic. At all, like
+
+361
+00:23:59,860 --> 00:24:02,260
+he's talking about the silver dishes of meat
+
+362
+00:24:02,260 --> 00:24:05,540
+prepared and the slippers and the baba arif meat.
+
+363
+00:24:05,860 --> 00:24:08,640
+So do you think he's exaggerating? He's
+
+364
+00:24:08,640 --> 00:24:11,680
+exaggerating so much and he's like, I don't know.
+
+365
+00:24:12,600 --> 00:24:15,440
+Like he can be romantic but at the same time keep
+
+366
+00:24:15,440 --> 00:24:16,600
+balance. I'm sorry, I'm sorry, but you know they
+
+367
+00:24:16,600 --> 00:24:16,900
+are
+
+368
+00:24:20,530 --> 00:24:24,170
+giving us a ground anything to help us actually I
+
+369
+00:24:24,170 --> 00:24:29,910
+don't know okay so okay now help him he's not
+
+370
+00:24:29,910 --> 00:24:33,910
+helping us helping him he's not helping us to help
+
+371
+00:24:33,910 --> 00:24:39,410
+him he's he's exaggerating yes
+
+372
+00:24:39,410 --> 00:24:43,330
+we have one from the audience yes please
+
+373
+00:24:48,860 --> 00:24:50,920
+We are having one from the audience. I don't know,
+
+374
+00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:54,320
+she's going to support either of the teams. I
+
+375
+00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:58,360
+would go for his mind because you know this is
+
+376
+00:24:58,360 --> 00:25:02,880
+poetry it has to be some way for us we are the
+
+377
+00:25:05,110 --> 00:25:08,390
+the hearers or the listeners of poetry it has to
+
+378
+00:25:08,390 --> 00:25:11,610
+be a little bit exaggerated because it's an image
+
+379
+00:25:11,610 --> 00:25:14,210
+but when you come to real life and the pastoral
+
+380
+00:25:14,210 --> 00:25:18,890
+life or in the countryside it is gonna be
+
+381
+00:25:18,890 --> 00:25:22,890
+realistic you are living in the real world but you
+
+382
+00:25:22,890 --> 00:25:26,190
+are living in some other way because we didn't try
+
+383
+00:25:26,190 --> 00:25:30,560
+that we are facing some problems to imagine it to
+
+384
+00:25:30,560 --> 00:25:33,920
+try to live in it but I'm gonna tell you something
+
+385
+00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:36,940
+you are most of you are sad girls you don't have
+
+386
+00:25:36,940 --> 00:25:39,700
+kids you're not married you're not you're not
+
+387
+00:25:39,700 --> 00:25:43,860
+already through all these problems to me I would
+
+388
+00:25:43,860 --> 00:25:46,280
+go for a better life I would go to the countryside
+
+389
+00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:51,000
+having all the concerns of a woman working outside
+
+390
+00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:55,140
+she would go Give herself a break. It's not only a
+
+391
+00:25:55,140 --> 00:26:01,340
+break. I'm looking for a life of stability here in
+
+392
+00:26:01,340 --> 00:26:07,480
+the country or in towns. maybe your work is close
+
+393
+00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:10,540
+to you maybe you don't have as in the countryside
+
+394
+00:26:10,540 --> 00:26:15,320
+to take hours to get to your work or to get
+
+395
+00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:18,400
+whatever you want at the time you want but there
+
+396
+00:26:18,400 --> 00:26:21,400
+you will have a life of manners a life of
+
+397
+00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:26,400
+spontaneous people but let me hug you know the
+
+398
+00:26:26,400 --> 00:26:30,300
+other guys like where is he inviting her to which
+
+399
+00:26:30,300 --> 00:26:35,790
+place to the countryside did he you know identify
+
+400
+00:26:35,790 --> 00:26:38,970
+whose countryside it is like who is the owner of
+
+401
+00:26:38,970 --> 00:26:41,650
+the countryside like you see what I mean so they
+
+402
+00:26:41,650 --> 00:26:45,590
+think this is a reason which would persuade or
+
+403
+00:26:45,590 --> 00:26:49,650
+dissuade okay okay let's see the other group yes
+
+404
+00:26:49,650 --> 00:26:53,030
+do you think it's like if somebody invites you
+
+405
+00:26:53,030 --> 00:26:57,010
+like to a place which is not her place will you go
+
+406
+00:26:57,620 --> 00:27:03,300
+I will go but I will know where is the place and I
+
+407
+00:27:03,300 --> 00:27:10,300
+am well aware I will go by my reason to know where
+
+408
+00:27:10,300 --> 00:27:13,800
+is the place and to go with my relatives no with
+
+409
+00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:16,620
+man I have no relation with him but this is not
+
+410
+00:27:16,620 --> 00:27:19,340
+we're not talking about this somebody is inviting
+
+411
+00:27:19,340 --> 00:27:24,640
+you to a place he doesn't own it is not his place
+
+412
+00:27:24,640 --> 00:27:29,450
+you know like You know, yes, for example, we know
+
+413
+00:27:29,450 --> 00:27:33,730
+Palestine. We are Palestinian. This is our land.
+
+414
+00:27:34,210 --> 00:27:39,090
+And now, and you know, the Jewish propaganda, like
+
+415
+00:27:39,090 --> 00:27:42,270
+the Zionist movement, come to the land of holy,
+
+416
+00:27:42,390 --> 00:27:47,030
+come live with us in this land. So this is part
+
+417
+00:27:47,030 --> 00:27:48,750
+of, what do you call that?
+
+418
+00:27:56,440 --> 00:28:00,620
+Are you okay with that idea? He's just asking her
+
+419
+00:28:00,620 --> 00:28:02,960
+opinion. He's not going to say in the poetry,
+
+420
+00:28:03,160 --> 00:28:07,400
+look, I found a place we can rent it and it's not
+
+421
+00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:12,400
+going to be expensive. The market is near and he's
+
+422
+00:28:12,400 --> 00:28:16,920
+not going to go on all these details. But still
+
+423
+00:28:16,920 --> 00:28:20,640
+like he's telling her I'll buy you slippers, a bed
+
+424
+00:28:20,640 --> 00:28:23,660
+of roses. Let's say, what do you think? I think it
+
+425
+00:28:29,110 --> 00:28:29,750
+Yeah,
+
+426
+00:28:33,210 --> 00:28:35,430
+but like what about the bed of roses it's a good
+
+427
+00:28:35,430 --> 00:28:39,150
+idea people are I mean, yeah, so this shows how
+
+428
+00:28:39,150 --> 00:28:45,150
+Careful he is how much time you will put Yes,
+
+429
+00:28:46,170 --> 00:28:50,390
+yes So
+
+430
+00:28:50,390 --> 00:28:54,590
+everything will come to an end temporary and also
+
+431
+00:28:54,590 --> 00:28:58,840
+I think like I he did not like he did not take
+
+432
+00:28:58,840 --> 00:29:01,340
+into consideration the reaction of the woman once
+
+433
+00:29:01,340 --> 00:29:03,500
+she received this invitation i mean put yourself
+
+434
+00:29:03,500 --> 00:29:06,200
+in the condition you have this letter from him an
+
+435
+00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:08,980
+invitation come with me we have this we have that
+
+436
+00:29:08,980 --> 00:29:11,480
+are you just gonna say oh yeah i'm coming
+
+437
+00:29:15,350 --> 00:29:19,050
+The funny thing about him asking her to come is
+
+438
+00:29:19,050 --> 00:29:21,450
+that although he's saying that he wants her to
+
+439
+00:29:21,450 --> 00:29:25,550
+live with him in a pastoral life, he uses a lot of
+
+440
+00:29:25,550 --> 00:29:28,770
+things that are from the urban life, from the
+
+441
+00:29:28,770 --> 00:29:32,630
+civilized life. Like when he says that he's going
+
+442
+00:29:32,630 --> 00:29:38,210
+to make her slippers, a gown, a dish. All of these
+
+443
+00:29:38,210 --> 00:29:44,460
+are artificial. All of these are natural. Nothing
+
+444
+00:29:44,460 --> 00:29:48,720
+is artificial. So he's talking about a carefree
+
+445
+00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:53,820
+life, a simple life, devoid of any sign or any
+
+446
+00:29:53,820 --> 00:29:59,180
+manifestation of, let's say, artificiality. Yes?
+
+447
+00:30:00,740 --> 00:30:05,600
+You live with
+
+448
+00:30:05,600 --> 00:30:11,390
+women. You don't care for... Don't fall in love.
+
+449
+00:30:11,890 --> 00:30:18,110
+So that's her video. But when you fall in love...
+
+450
+00:30:18,110 --> 00:30:21,290
+So you forget all of these things, you know? Yeah,
+
+451
+00:30:22,370 --> 00:30:25,390
+but still like there are restrictions and rules.
+
+452
+00:30:25,610 --> 00:30:30,600
+Okay, we will apply. But like... Teacher, let me
+
+453
+00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:33,360
+say something. I guess it's important. At their
+
+454
+00:30:33,360 --> 00:30:38,460
+time, the time they let in, it was so natural and
+
+455
+00:30:38,460 --> 00:30:40,880
+it was so normal to go and live in countryside.
+
+456
+00:30:40,920 --> 00:30:43,040
+Yes, so if it was a weekend time, it was fine.
+
+457
+00:30:43,040 --> 00:30:44,780
+They didn't have lights, they didn't have
+
+458
+00:30:44,780 --> 00:30:47,560
+electricity, internet, wireless, and all of these
+
+459
+00:30:47,560 --> 00:30:50,300
+stuff we're caring about this moment. It was so,
+
+460
+00:30:50,380 --> 00:30:55,640
+so regular. Well, I think yes, if we switch you,
+
+461
+00:30:56,220 --> 00:31:00,360
+if we switch you like the other way, What are you
+
+462
+00:31:00,360 --> 00:31:06,440
+going to say? They want to switch you? Sure. Okay,
+
+463
+00:31:06,700 --> 00:31:09,940
+you go. You go. Let's see. Let's see how you are
+
+464
+00:31:09,940 --> 00:31:12,680
+going now. Say yes, we should go. It's good, you
+
+465
+00:31:12,680 --> 00:31:15,420
+know. And you say we shouldn't go. This is a good
+
+466
+00:31:15,420 --> 00:31:18,860
+idea in debate. Now we are in difficult. Yeah, I
+
+467
+00:31:18,860 --> 00:31:23,120
+think this team, this team thinks it's a good idea
+
+468
+00:31:23,120 --> 00:31:26,940
+to go. You know, it is good. and those people say
+
+469
+00:31:26,940 --> 00:31:31,900
+no we don't have to go it's very it's not good you
+
+470
+00:31:31,900 --> 00:31:37,200
+want me to go because you want one of the 17th
+
+471
+00:31:37,200 --> 00:31:39,460
+century woman you want her to cook you want her to
+
+472
+00:31:39,460 --> 00:31:41,880
+wash your dishes you want her to work for you you
+
+473
+00:31:41,880 --> 00:31:44,060
+you don't want me to have my independence and my
+
+474
+00:31:44,060 --> 00:31:48,100
+own personality to go for my dreams and goals you
+
+475
+00:31:48,100 --> 00:31:50,840
+just want me to stay home okay so she's protesting
+
+476
+00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:55,050
+against you know the stereotype image of uh you
+
+477
+00:31:55,050 --> 00:32:02,370
+know uh power you know lady yeah very good and yes
+
+478
+00:32:02,370 --> 00:32:05,730
+please uh i don't think he knows who's who he's
+
+479
+00:32:05,730 --> 00:32:08,130
+dealing with i mean he's saying all of this and
+
+480
+00:32:08,130 --> 00:32:11,230
+now like it does sound like to me it does sound a
+
+481
+00:32:11,230 --> 00:32:13,230
+little bit superficial and a little bit
+
+482
+00:32:13,230 --> 00:32:16,190
+exaggerated but he doesn't know if he actually
+
+483
+00:32:16,190 --> 00:32:18,930
+takes me and i don't find what i'm expecting he
+
+484
+00:32:18,930 --> 00:32:22,250
+doesn't know what he's gonna be facing so it's all
+
+485
+00:32:22,250 --> 00:32:26,290
+gonna be like so I think I think that I uh I would
+
+486
+00:32:26,290 --> 00:32:28,490
+definitely go because I would love to live that
+
+487
+00:32:28,490 --> 00:32:30,750
+moment I have nothing else to lose I mean it's an
+
+488
+00:32:30,750 --> 00:32:32,870
+experience look she she's excellent at
+
+489
+00:32:32,870 --> 00:32:37,030
+manipulating her position it's an experience it is
+
+490
+00:32:37,030 --> 00:32:38,990
+an experience yeah I have nothing else to lose if
+
+491
+00:32:38,990 --> 00:32:40,890
+he if he doesn't you know satisfy me with
+
+492
+00:32:40,890 --> 00:32:42,850
+everything that he mentioned then you know
+
+493
+00:32:42,850 --> 00:32:45,930
+whatever for me I would go for some time and then
+
+494
+00:32:45,930 --> 00:32:56,030
+go back to my life So let's now conclude
+
+495
+00:32:56,030 --> 00:33:00,850
+this wonderful debate. As you see, some people are
+
+496
+00:33:00,850 --> 00:33:07,090
+willing to go because it's nice, it's very, the
+
+497
+00:33:07,090 --> 00:33:10,010
+pastoral life is nice. Some people are realistic.
+
+498
+00:33:10,730 --> 00:33:15,890
+In fact, that was the case in Elizabethan time. We
+
+499
+00:33:15,890 --> 00:33:20,350
+had two different attitudes. One was optimistic,
+
+500
+00:33:21,290 --> 00:33:24,650
+cheerful, singing, celebrating the beauty, the
+
+501
+00:33:24,650 --> 00:33:28,710
+simplicity of the countryside. And the other was
+
+502
+00:33:28,710 --> 00:33:31,330
+more realistic. So if we are talking about the
+
+503
+00:33:31,330 --> 00:33:34,470
+first one, we're talking about Martin Chapman and
+
+504
+00:33:34,470 --> 00:33:37,690
+Thomas Chapman and others. If we are talking about
+
+505
+00:33:37,690 --> 00:33:42,670
+the realistic, we are talking about running. So
+
+506
+00:33:42,670 --> 00:33:45,090
+this is a late Elizabethan. In the late
+
+507
+00:33:45,090 --> 00:33:49,120
+Elizabethan, there was a spirit of nationalism It
+
+508
+00:33:49,120 --> 00:33:54,280
+was a spirit of expansion. And the idea of America
+
+509
+00:33:54,280 --> 00:33:58,020
+was there. America was discovered. And America was
+
+510
+00:33:58,020 --> 00:34:02,800
+like the nomad land, which the poets invited. So
+
+511
+00:34:02,800 --> 00:34:06,560
+you could say, these are the scenes of the
+
+512
+00:34:06,560 --> 00:34:10,060
+colonial language, the colonial discourse. Come
+
+513
+00:34:10,060 --> 00:34:14,660
+with me. Where? Which land? He didn't specify the
+
+514
+00:34:14,660 --> 00:34:17,370
+land. And that was the spirit. You could say,
+
+515
+00:34:17,670 --> 00:34:21,470
+because in the Nazircan time, even before America
+
+516
+00:34:21,470 --> 00:34:25,610
+was discovered, they kept on writing about this
+
+517
+00:34:25,610 --> 00:34:30,450
+place in their literature. They were writing about
+
+518
+00:34:30,450 --> 00:34:35,470
+this new land with indigenous people. But they
+
+519
+00:34:35,470 --> 00:34:38,910
+didn't specify it very well. So there was this is
+
+520
+00:34:38,910 --> 00:34:41,790
+like a promotion, a promotion. The same thing
+
+521
+00:34:41,790 --> 00:34:46,330
+happened when Palestine was occupied There was
+
+522
+00:34:46,330 --> 00:34:49,050
+like a lot of promotion by the Zionist media
+
+523
+00:34:49,050 --> 00:34:52,870
+where, you know, in order to attract many Jews
+
+524
+00:34:52,870 --> 00:34:55,090
+from all over the world to come and live in
+
+525
+00:34:55,090 --> 00:34:58,290
+Palestine, we had the same style to promote, come
+
+526
+00:34:58,290 --> 00:35:01,150
+to this land of honey. And of course, you know,
+
+527
+00:35:02,950 --> 00:35:06,470
+they succeeded in attracting by through these
+
+528
+00:35:06,470 --> 00:35:10,370
+images. So thank you very much, and we'll see you
+
+529
+00:35:10,370 --> 00:35:15,160
+in another class, huh? For another debate. Let me
+
+530
+00:35:15,160 --> 00:35:15,720
+assume.
+
+531
+00:35:20,240 --> 00:35:25,020
+Yes. So as you see, next time, we have a good
+
+532
+00:35:25,020 --> 00:35:28,660
+context for this poem. In other classes, I know,
+
+533
+00:35:28,920 --> 00:35:32,360
+and you might have a wonderful poem. So the
+
+534
+00:35:32,360 --> 00:35:38,930
+critique next time is to discover the music. to
+
+535
+00:35:38,930 --> 00:35:43,970
+discover the aesthetics you know because here this
+
+536
+00:35:43,970 --> 00:35:47,890
+poem is a poem full of persuasion and you know the
+
+537
+00:35:47,890 --> 00:35:52,430
+art of persuasion is very important nowadays we
+
+538
+00:35:52,430 --> 00:35:56,880
+need persuasion for business We need persuasion
+
+539
+00:35:56,880 --> 00:36:02,680
+for, let's say, advocacy. The art of persuasion is
+
+540
+00:36:02,680 --> 00:36:06,440
+for recommendation because this is the art of
+
+541
+00:36:06,440 --> 00:36:09,980
+life, so persuasion. So it's very important to
+
+542
+00:36:09,980 --> 00:36:17,440
+delineate, to show what kind of persuasion,
+
+543
+00:36:17,560 --> 00:36:20,760
+the elements of persuasion he's using here. I
+
+544
+00:36:20,760 --> 00:36:23,720
+would like to thank you for listening. And if you
+
+545
+00:36:23,720 --> 00:36:27,240
+have any question, you know, concerning this poem
+
+546
+00:36:27,240 --> 00:36:30,460
+and, you know, the age itself, it would be a good
+
+547
+00:36:30,460 --> 00:36:31,820
+idea. Yes, please.
+
+548
+00:36:42,080 --> 00:36:45,480
+Yes, I wouldn't go, you know, because, you know, I
+
+549
+00:36:45,480 --> 00:36:48,760
+would make sure that this is your place. You own
+
+550
+00:36:48,760 --> 00:36:51,100
+the place. Otherwise, I would be like a thief, you
+
+551
+00:36:51,100 --> 00:36:54,680
+know, even for watching. This is not my place. I
+
+552
+00:36:54,680 --> 00:36:57,680
+have to take the permit. My religion, my values
+
+553
+00:36:57,680 --> 00:37:02,140
+tell me that I have, you know, to make sure that
+
+554
+00:37:02,140 --> 00:37:05,040
+I'm not trespassing because this is trespassing.
+
+555
+00:37:05,420 --> 00:37:10,650
+It's not ethical at all. It is not ethical. Nobody
+
+556
+00:37:10,650 --> 00:37:13,950
+can invite me and say, OK, let's go to that field.
+
+557
+00:37:14,330 --> 00:37:16,970
+I say, whose field it is? I should say, whose
+
+558
+00:37:16,970 --> 00:37:20,050
+field it is? Because I want to make sure that I'm
+
+559
+00:37:20,050 --> 00:37:25,070
+not trespassing. I'm not violating any rule. So
+
+560
+00:37:25,070 --> 00:37:28,850
+this is the point. But this is pastoral poetry.
+
+561
+00:37:29,270 --> 00:37:32,850
+Next time you have to define what is pastoral
+
+562
+00:37:32,850 --> 00:37:36,200
+poetry, And we're going to discuss this further,
+
+563
+00:37:36,560 --> 00:37:39,640
+because after discussing this poem, we're going to
+
+564
+00:37:39,640 --> 00:37:42,720
+see, you know, the other one, Raleigh, how Raleigh
+
+565
+00:37:42,720 --> 00:37:46,840
+responded by writing The Nymph's Reply, because
+
+566
+00:37:46,840 --> 00:37:51,670
+this poem was parodized You know, it's not by, you
+
+567
+00:37:51,670 --> 00:37:56,390
+know, Raleigh, but by many other poets. And, you
+
+568
+00:37:56,390 --> 00:37:59,290
+know, it lost its beauty. But we don't want to
+
+569
+00:37:59,290 --> 00:38:04,270
+speak about any parody unless we explore the
+
+570
+00:38:04,270 --> 00:38:06,310
+aesthetics of this poem and see how it is
+
+571
+00:38:06,310 --> 00:38:09,510
+wonderful, how it is lovely. I would like to thank
+
+572
+00:38:09,510 --> 00:38:11,570
+you and see you next time, okay? Bye-bye.
+
+573
+00:38:16,630 --> 00:38:20,020
+Okay. Thank you for. Thanks.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/n2-IwA_8ZHs.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1505 @@
+
+1
+00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:17,880
+Good morning everybody. I'm not sure whether you 
+
+2
+00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:22,120
+are excited or not because our classes are about
+
+3
+00:00:22,120 --> 00:00:27,540
+to be over. Are you excited? Yeah, I don't know,
+
+4
+00:00:27,620 --> 00:00:31,480
+you should listen, you should have listened to
+
+5
+00:00:31,480 --> 00:00:35,660
+Sarah Ali yesterday. She put me to tears when she
+
+6
+00:00:35,660 --> 00:00:40,640
+read her goodbye report and I'm going to ask her 
+
+7
+00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:47,780
+to post this on like the page itself. So she felt 
+
+8
+00:00:47,780 --> 00:00:50,380
+sorry that it is over and I feel that she enjoyed 
+
+9
+00:00:51,570 --> 00:00:54,550
+writing her reports. And I'm sure some students
+
+10
+00:00:54,550 --> 00:00:57,670
+have the same feelings. Others who want, like, the
+
+11
+00:00:57,670 --> 00:01:02,290
+course to be, you know, done, you know, they
+
+12
+00:01:02,290 --> 00:01:04,830
+didn't feel the same. But this is, like, the
+
+13
+00:01:04,830 --> 00:01:08,650
+nature of humanity. Now, I need, like, to listen
+
+14
+00:01:08,650 --> 00:01:11,910
+to a report. Perhaps it is similar or different.
+
+15
+00:01:12,670 --> 00:01:19,030
+So, Rawan seems to... Okay. So, who's ready to 
+
+16
+00:01:19,030 --> 00:01:20,150
+report for us today? 
+
+17
+00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:28,420
+Only one? What about the others? I might collect
+
+18
+00:01:28,420 --> 00:01:30,960
+your report today. Do you know that? And yes, 
+
+19
+00:01:31,180 --> 00:01:33,660
+Saturday. Okay. 
+
+20
+00:01:38,020 --> 00:01:41,700
+I have a paper, I have a pen, but nothing to say. 
+
+21
+00:01:42,220 --> 00:01:45,040
+It is the end of this semester. Maybe it is the
+
+22
+00:01:45,040 --> 00:01:48,040
+last lecture of the poetry course. Last night when 
+
+23
+00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:50,900
+I came to write my daily report, I was confused
+
+24
+00:01:50,900 --> 00:01:55,600
+because it might be my last one. So my feeling was
+
+25
+00:01:55,600 --> 00:02:01,620
+very sad because I will miss writing report and
+
+26
+00:02:01,620 --> 00:02:05,500
+response. Actually, this course gives the chance 
+
+27
+00:02:05,500 --> 00:02:08,230
+for my mind to imagine Think deeply about 
+
+28
+00:02:08,230 --> 00:02:11,210
+everything and to see the things in another way 
+
+29
+00:02:11,210 --> 00:02:14,910
+The teacher was brilliant and I enjoyed I should 
+
+30
+00:02:14,910 --> 00:02:16,930
+like talk about your father-in-law in this way
+
+31
+00:02:16,930 --> 00:02:17,670
+Thank you very much
+
+32
+00:02:20,480 --> 00:02:24,800
+and I enjoyed with all the lectures. I'm standing
+
+33
+00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:27,320
+here today to say thank you, my teacher, about
+
+34
+00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:31,460
+that you gives us, about the things that you give
+
+35
+00:02:31,460 --> 00:02:34,800
+us during this period, and good luck for all.
+
+36
+00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:38,780
+Thank you very much. In fact, yes, Rawan, I know,
+
+37
+00:02:38,920 --> 00:02:43,300
+like, she's very polite and she, you know, wants 
+
+38
+00:02:43,300 --> 00:02:46,400
+to balance. I do respect her because, you know,
+
+39
+00:02:48,540 --> 00:02:52,100
+She knows how to put boundaries between me as
+
+40
+00:02:52,100 --> 00:02:54,760
+being a teacher and her father-in-law, you know?
+
+41
+00:02:55,320 --> 00:02:57,940
+And in fact, she's very fussy. She's more fussy 
+
+42
+00:02:57,940 --> 00:03:00,300
+even, like my daughter, the other daughter, she's
+
+43
+00:03:00,300 --> 00:03:03,980
+fussy. And they're worried. Are they going to make
+
+44
+00:03:03,980 --> 00:03:07,120
+it? Are they going to pass? They're worried, you 
+
+45
+00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:10,440
+know? And even my daughter, like the other
+
+46
+00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:13,580
+daughter, is very fussy. And I'm not sure if they 
+
+47
+00:03:13,580 --> 00:03:16,950
+are going to pass or not, you know? Because this 
+
+48
+00:03:16,950 --> 00:03:20,530
+is, you know... But I pray for them to pass. You 
+
+49
+00:03:20,530 --> 00:03:22,890
+see what I mean? I pray for everybody, of course.
+
+50
+00:03:23,250 --> 00:03:27,110
+Not for them, but because I feel that all of you 
+
+51
+00:03:27,110 --> 00:03:32,890
+are my daughters, you know? Good. Do we have
+
+52
+00:03:32,890 --> 00:03:39,310
+another lovely report? Bad report. In fact, I was
+
+53
+00:03:39,310 --> 00:03:46,890
+very happy when I met... What? Reem, yesterday she 
+
+54
+00:03:46,890 --> 00:03:52,310
+came to apologize for what she did. But I don't 
+
+55
+00:03:52,310 --> 00:03:55,610
+want to bring her today to say it orally. If she
+
+56
+00:03:55,610 --> 00:03:59,210
+wants to exonerate herself, she can come and say a
+
+57
+00:03:59,210 --> 00:04:03,430
+couple of words orally. You see? If you want. I 
+
+58
+00:04:03,430 --> 00:04:07,070
+don't know. I'm not forcing you. Because she is 
+
+59
+00:04:07,070 --> 00:04:12,380
+still shy. But I'm telling you, Reem, You know,
+
+60
+00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:15,660
+you must have courage you should stand it's not 
+
+61
+00:04:15,660 --> 00:04:20,920
+like difficult, you know It's easy like to stand
+
+62
+00:04:20,920 --> 00:04:24,180
+in front of people and talk anyway, I don't want 
+
+63
+00:04:24,180 --> 00:04:31,400
+to Waste more time talking nothing nonsense What 
+
+64
+00:04:31,400 --> 00:04:38,700
+about The soldier this problem you have Have you?
+
+65
+00:04:39,530 --> 00:04:41,570
+Read this poem because I asked you to read this
+
+66
+00:04:41,570 --> 00:04:46,390
+poem before futility. Have you read this poem? The 
+
+67
+00:04:46,390 --> 00:04:50,250
+Soldier. Yeah, what do you want to say? Just I 
+
+68
+00:04:50,250 --> 00:04:56,590
+want to say that the poet of this poem is famous 
+
+69
+00:04:56,590 --> 00:05:00,010
+of his writing about the war. So I think that
+
+70
+00:05:00,010 --> 00:05:02,630
+this, the whole idea of that poem talks about the
+
+71
+00:05:02,630 --> 00:05:05,810
+war generally. So I understand that you read
+
+72
+00:05:05,810 --> 00:05:08,670
+something about the poet before reading the poem.
+
+73
+00:05:09,450 --> 00:05:17,170
+And you read that this man was writing poetry pro 
+
+74
+00:05:17,170 --> 00:05:23,190
+or anti-war. Was it pro-war? So he was encouraging 
+
+75
+00:05:23,190 --> 00:05:30,650
+war. Was he? He was against war, this man. Okay.
+
+76
+00:05:33,850 --> 00:05:38,370
+Like this man, we are talking about Brooke, Robert 
+
+77
+00:05:38,370 --> 00:05:44,650
+Brooke. We're not talking about Wilfred Owen. You 
+
+78
+00:05:44,650 --> 00:05:47,030
+know, she's talking about Brook, who wrote The
+
+79
+00:05:47,030 --> 00:05:51,710
+Soldier. Have you read this poem? How many of you
+
+80
+00:05:51,710 --> 00:05:57,090
+have read this poem? Okay, okay, I told you this
+
+81
+00:05:57,090 --> 00:06:04,190
+is like... Pardon? I think it's a coach who's 
+
+82
+00:06:04,190 --> 00:06:05,310
+going for a walk
+
+83
+00:06:10,490 --> 00:06:15,190
+Yes, he's calling for war. He's promoting war.
+
+84
+00:06:18,390 --> 00:06:22,110
+Yes, if I should die, I should die for England. 
+
+85
+00:06:22,690 --> 00:06:25,850
+Okay, good. What other response do we have?
+
+86
+00:06:29,130 --> 00:06:34,640
+Is it nice to die here? Is it nice to die? Because
+
+87
+00:06:34,640 --> 00:06:37,560
+sometimes you feel that death is not intimidating, 
+
+88
+00:06:37,820 --> 00:06:42,320
+that death is not frightening. I think, you know, 
+
+89
+00:06:42,780 --> 00:06:46,860
+I'm sorry, it seems like most of you have not read
+
+90
+00:06:46,860 --> 00:06:51,140
+the poem. That is like what I see. But let me read
+
+91
+00:06:51,140 --> 00:06:59,080
+it for you. If I should die, think only this of
+
+92
+00:06:59,080 --> 00:07:03,230
+me. that there is some corner of a foreign field
+
+93
+00:07:03,230 --> 00:07:09,210
+that is forever England. There shall be in that
+
+94
+00:07:09,210 --> 00:07:14,910
+rich earth a richer dust concealed, a dust whom 
+
+95
+00:07:14,910 --> 00:07:20,970
+England bore, shaped, made aware, gave once her
+
+96
+00:07:20,970 --> 00:07:25,500
+flowers to love her ways to roam. a body of
+
+97
+00:07:25,500 --> 00:07:29,480
+England's breathing English air washed by the 
+
+98
+00:07:29,480 --> 00:07:36,840
+rivers blessed by sons of home and think and think
+
+99
+00:07:36,840 --> 00:07:44,820
+only this of me and 
+
+100
+00:07:44,820 --> 00:07:50,860
+think and think this heart all evil shit away a
+
+101
+00:07:50,860 --> 00:07:54,980
+pulse in the eternal mind no less give somewhere 
+
+102
+00:07:54,980 --> 00:07:59,020
+back the thoughts by England's given, her sighs,
+
+103
+00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:03,860
+her sights and sounds, dreams happy as her day and
+
+104
+00:08:03,860 --> 00:08:07,540
+laughter learned of friends and gentlemen and
+
+105
+00:08:07,540 --> 00:08:11,980
+gentleness in heart at peace under an English
+
+106
+00:08:11,980 --> 00:08:21,660
+heaven. What do you think? Is it beautiful? Why?
+
+107
+00:08:22,760 --> 00:08:27,500
+If I should die? Very sad, huh? But like what
+
+108
+00:08:27,500 --> 00:08:30,120
+would happen? You know, like he's here speculating
+
+109
+00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:37,240
+that if he died, what should we think of him? As a 
+
+110
+00:08:37,240 --> 00:08:46,340
+hero. As a hero. Who gave his life for the sake of
+
+111
+00:08:46,340 --> 00:08:50,060
+his country. Because his country, England, was 
+
+112
+00:08:50,060 --> 00:08:55,150
+like what? You see, we are having England here. 
+
+113
+00:08:55,430 --> 00:08:58,890
+It's like there is a metaphor. England is like 
+
+114
+00:08:58,890 --> 00:09:02,970
+what? You know, what is the relationship between
+
+115
+00:09:02,970 --> 00:09:07,490
+England and the poet? Like his mother, who was
+
+116
+00:09:07,490 --> 00:09:10,090
+taking care of him. You know, who was this and
+
+117
+00:09:10,090 --> 00:09:14,310
+that. This is how you think of me. Think of me as
+
+118
+00:09:14,310 --> 00:09:18,610
+a hero who sacrificed for the sake of his country. 
+
+119
+00:09:19,290 --> 00:09:23,630
+So I think when we are having a soldier talking in
+
+120
+00:09:23,630 --> 00:09:27,470
+this way, you know, the idea of death is not
+
+121
+00:09:27,470 --> 00:09:33,450
+becoming very frightening or intimidating. See
+
+122
+00:09:33,450 --> 00:09:37,430
+what I mean? Look here. Do you think this is very
+
+123
+00:09:37,430 --> 00:09:43,100
+romantic? It is. You know, the idea of death is 
+
+124
+00:09:43,100 --> 00:09:47,620
+romanticized. Why? What would happen to his body? 
+
+125
+00:09:48,640 --> 00:09:55,280
+It will be mixed with rivers, water, dust. So it
+
+126
+00:09:55,280 --> 00:10:00,220
+will be part of nature. It will be united with
+
+127
+00:10:00,220 --> 00:10:04,300
+nature. This is very romantic. It is very
+
+128
+00:10:04,300 --> 00:10:07,120
+romantic, you know, because when he dies, the body
+
+129
+00:10:07,120 --> 00:10:13,800
+will be mixed with nature. Look, If I should die, 
+
+130
+00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:19,700
+think only this of me. What should we think of 
+
+131
+00:10:19,700 --> 00:10:23,540
+him? That there is some corner of a foreign field, 
+
+132
+00:10:23,620 --> 00:10:27,360
+a corner of a foreign field where I'm buried. That 
+
+133
+00:10:27,360 --> 00:10:30,980
+is forever England, which is England. Look here, 
+
+134
+00:10:31,100 --> 00:10:33,960
+he thinks of himself as England.
+
+135
+00:10:37,620 --> 00:10:40,820
+There shall be, you know, in that corner, sorry, 
+
+136
+00:10:41,040 --> 00:10:43,900
+it's like think that there is some corner of a 
+
+137
+00:10:43,900 --> 00:10:47,540
+foreign field, you know, that is forever England, 
+
+138
+00:10:48,260 --> 00:10:51,680
+which is England. There shall be in that rich 
+
+139
+00:10:51,680 --> 00:10:57,420
+earth, a richer dust concealed. So he is referring 
+
+140
+00:10:57,420 --> 00:11:03,460
+to his dead body as? As a dust, but it is a rich
+
+141
+00:11:03,460 --> 00:11:10,260
+dust. It is a rich dust. Why? Because he
+
+142
+00:11:10,260 --> 00:11:14,780
+sacrificed for the sake of his country. And he
+
+143
+00:11:14,780 --> 00:11:18,500
+sacrificed for the sake of his country. Why? You
+
+144
+00:11:18,500 --> 00:11:21,920
+know, because his country gave him everything. 
+
+145
+00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:25,120
+What did his, you know, what did he, what did the 
+
+146
+00:11:25,120 --> 00:11:29,540
+country give him? Look here. Gave once her flowers 
+
+147
+00:11:29,540 --> 00:11:32,760
+to love, her ways to roam. Like it gave him love.
+
+148
+00:11:33,440 --> 00:11:38,490
+It gave him, you know, the air he breathed. You 
+
+149
+00:11:38,490 --> 00:11:45,430
+know, it gave him life. So he is returning back
+
+150
+00:11:45,430 --> 00:11:49,050
+the life that his country... Look how here, how he
+
+151
+00:11:49,050 --> 00:11:52,390
+identifies himself. How he... This is very
+
+152
+00:11:52,390 --> 00:11:56,770
+patriotic, isn't it? And, you know, I think in our
+
+153
+00:11:56,770 --> 00:12:01,950
+case as Palestinians, we might, you know, feel the 
+
+154
+00:12:01,950 --> 00:12:06,910
+same when we are defending, you know, our country.
+
+155
+00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:13,040
+We are ready to die for our country. We are ready
+
+156
+00:12:13,040 --> 00:12:16,500
+to die for Palestine. I think all of us as 
+
+157
+00:12:16,500 --> 00:12:21,440
+Palestinians. But we are not ready to die like if 
+
+158
+00:12:21,440 --> 00:12:24,880
+we are attacking somebody, you know? Like who did 
+
+159
+00:12:24,880 --> 00:12:27,980
+nothing for us. We are not ready. This is like, 
+
+160
+00:12:28,540 --> 00:12:35,420
+you know, this is not a noble cause. Now here in 
+
+161
+00:12:35,420 --> 00:12:35,740
+England,
+
+162
+00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:44,440
+Yes, that was the spirit before the war. This poem 
+
+163
+00:12:44,440 --> 00:12:47,300
+was written in 1915. 
+
+164
+00:12:48,860 --> 00:12:52,620
+And, you know, it was pre-war. No, it was pre-war. 
+
+165
+00:12:53,800 --> 00:12:58,480
+It was, yeah, 14, you know, like, Fourteen, you 
+
+166
+00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:01,680
+know, it was before the war. One year before he 
+
+167
+00:13:01,680 --> 00:13:04,420
+died, perhaps, I'm not sure. He died in, you know,
+
+168
+00:13:04,500 --> 00:13:08,480
+like that year. But he was writing poetry to
+
+169
+00:13:08,480 --> 00:13:13,560
+encourage people to go to war. And you know which 
+
+170
+00:13:13,560 --> 00:13:20,760
+war he was talking? A war of expansion. A war of
+
+171
+00:13:20,760 --> 00:13:28,120
+colonization. That's why we might not agree Do you 
+
+172
+00:13:28,120 --> 00:13:30,380
+agree with the poet here? Like if he's taking
+
+173
+00:13:30,380 --> 00:13:33,440
+like, okay, you are ready to die for the sake to
+
+174
+00:13:33,440 --> 00:13:35,780
+defend your country, but not to defend your
+
+175
+00:13:35,780 --> 00:13:38,620
+country and to attack other countries, you know?
+
+176
+00:13:39,660 --> 00:13:42,920
+If we're talking about, but that was part of the
+
+177
+00:13:42,920 --> 00:13:46,460
+colonial discourse of that time. So they were
+
+178
+00:13:46,460 --> 00:13:53,890
+encouraging young men to go and fight in war. You 
+
+179
+00:13:53,890 --> 00:13:56,770
+know, a body of England's breathing English air,
+
+180
+00:13:57,290 --> 00:14:01,550
+washed by the rivers, blessed by the sun, washed
+
+181
+00:14:01,550 --> 00:14:04,610
+by its river. My body is washed by its river, 
+
+182
+00:14:05,430 --> 00:14:09,390
+blessed by the sun of home. And I think there's a
+
+183
+00:14:09,390 --> 00:14:12,750
+pun, by the sun of home, because sun, you know, in 
+
+184
+00:14:12,750 --> 00:14:15,710
+English, you know, in Christianity means sun, 
+
+185
+00:14:16,810 --> 00:14:23,040
+Jesus, you know? And think this hard. All evil 
+
+186
+00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:27,380
+sheds away. Think of this heart. It is a heart
+
+187
+00:14:27,380 --> 00:14:33,160
+which got rid of the evil it has. A pulse in the 
+
+188
+00:14:33,160 --> 00:14:36,580
+eternal mind. Notice, I'm a pulse, you know, part
+
+
+
+223
+00:17:15,400 --> 00:17:16,120
+the first line?
+
+224
+00:17:29,300 --> 00:17:33,890
+How did you find it? Very musical? Very romantic?
+
+225
+00:17:35,670 --> 00:17:40,770
+Look here.
+
+226
+00:17:42,770 --> 00:17:50,530
+Move him into the sun. Gently its touch awoke him
+
+227
+00:17:50,530 --> 00:17:56,870
+once. At home whispering of fields unsolved.
+
+228
+00:17:58,790 --> 00:18:03,850
+Always it woke him, even in France. Until this
+
+229
+00:18:03,850 --> 00:18:09,810
+morning and this snow If anything might rouse him
+
+230
+00:18:09,810 --> 00:18:17,570
+now The kind old sun will know Think how it wakes
+
+231
+00:18:17,570 --> 00:18:24,490
+the seeds Walk once the clays of a cold star Our
+
+232
+00:18:24,490 --> 00:18:29,190
+limbs so dear achieved our sides Full nerves still
+
+233
+00:18:29,190 --> 00:18:34,960
+warm too hard to stir Was it for this the clay
+
+234
+00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:43,620
+grew tall? Oh, what made fatuous sunbeams toil to
+
+235
+00:18:43,620 --> 00:18:46,480
+break earth's sleep at all.
+
+236
+00:18:50,500 --> 00:18:55,880
+Very, very what? Very sad. It's like, you see, how
+
+237
+00:18:55,880 --> 00:18:59,220
+could you contrast between this poem and the other
+
+238
+00:18:59,220 --> 00:19:05,220
+poem? The opposite. So in that, in that poem, you
+
+239
+00:19:05,220 --> 00:19:09,640
+know, like the image of death was lovely. You see?
+
+240
+00:19:10,060 --> 00:19:13,660
+But here the image of death is horrifying.
+
+241
+00:19:16,260 --> 00:19:20,680
+So here that, you know, in that poem, the one who
+
+242
+00:19:20,680 --> 00:19:26,140
+was speculating, like we don't have death, but we
+
+243
+00:19:26,140 --> 00:19:30,710
+have speculation about death. If I should die, he
+
+244
+00:19:30,710 --> 00:19:36,030
+was not. But here we have a real death. Somebody
+
+245
+00:19:36,030 --> 00:19:41,710
+is dying. So usually when you have the experience
+
+246
+00:19:41,710 --> 00:19:46,830
+of a soldier from like the battlefield, his
+
+247
+00:19:46,830 --> 00:19:51,690
+experience is different from those who are far
+
+248
+00:19:51,690 --> 00:19:59,070
+from the battlefield. I met some soldiers who were
+
+249
+00:19:59,070 --> 00:20:03,050
+fighting in Iraq. Some American soldiers. And they
+
+250
+00:20:03,050 --> 00:20:08,070
+were traumatized. They were horrified. The same
+
+251
+00:20:08,070 --> 00:20:11,850
+thing happened to those who fought in Vietnam.
+
+252
+00:20:13,750 --> 00:20:17,950
+They lived the trauma of the war. Most of them
+
+253
+00:20:17,950 --> 00:20:20,510
+were psychotic cases. Because this is a war, it's
+
+254
+00:20:20,510 --> 00:20:24,370
+not a game. But for some people it is a game. For
+
+255
+00:20:24,370 --> 00:20:29,370
+whom it is a game? Leaders. Leaders, you know.
+
+256
+00:20:29,550 --> 00:20:34,010
+It's a game to win some votes. You know, leaders
+
+257
+00:20:34,010 --> 00:20:34,970
+and generals.
+
+258
+00:20:37,930 --> 00:20:42,470
+Like during the war, like soldiers, generals
+
+259
+00:20:42,470 --> 00:20:47,390
+wanted the war to continue because they want to
+
+260
+00:20:47,390 --> 00:20:52,180
+have ranks. But the ordinary soldiers, the
+
+261
+00:20:52,180 --> 00:20:56,280
+ordinary officers felt differently. They saw the
+
+262
+00:20:56,280 --> 00:20:59,640
+horror of the war. Now Wilfred Owen was, as you
+
+263
+00:20:59,640 --> 00:21:04,460
+see, a soldier who was in the battlefield. And as
+
+264
+00:21:04,460 --> 00:21:10,900
+I see, he died in 1918. The end of the war. One
+
+265
+00:21:10,900 --> 00:21:14,920
+week before the truce. I read most of his
+
+266
+00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:18,380
+collection of poetry, you know? I read the poem,
+
+267
+00:21:18,660 --> 00:21:24,280
+Gas, Gas, you know? It is horrible. Because
+
+268
+00:21:24,280 --> 00:21:27,760
+people, like, they were using gas and people were
+
+269
+00:21:27,760 --> 00:21:33,060
+dying in the trenches. Here in this poem, he's
+
+270
+00:21:33,060 --> 00:21:40,900
+writing about a soldier and move him into the sun.
+
+271
+00:21:41,500 --> 00:21:44,380
+Do you think he was very... Like move him to the
+
+272
+00:21:44,380 --> 00:21:49,460
+sun. Move him into the sun like this. Or move him
+
+273
+00:21:49,460 --> 00:21:57,400
+into the sun. Is he angry or what? Yeah. Sad and
+
+274
+00:21:57,400 --> 00:22:03,460
+angry? Move him into the sun. Gently it's touch.
+
+275
+00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:10,160
+Awoke him once. Gently. It's touch. Whose touch
+
+276
+00:22:10,160 --> 00:22:15,790
+he's talking about? Yes, who was gentle? The sun.
+
+277
+00:22:17,470 --> 00:22:21,070
+The sun. So what do we call this? What do we call
+
+278
+00:22:21,070 --> 00:22:25,270
+this image? A figure of speech. It is?
+
+279
+00:22:25,630 --> 00:22:27,130
+Personification. Excellent. It is a
+
+280
+00:22:27,130 --> 00:22:32,670
+personification. You know the sun is personified.
+
+281
+00:22:33,890 --> 00:22:43,880
+And because it is personified, it should have a
+
+282
+00:22:43,880 --> 00:22:51,200
+pronoun. Like what? His. It should be his. Because
+
+283
+00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:55,460
+the sun in English takes a masculine pronoun. And
+
+284
+00:22:55,460 --> 00:23:00,860
+the moon is like the opposite of Arabic. So she
+
+285
+00:23:00,860 --> 00:23:06,200
+shines at night. Who is she? The moon. Yes. And
+
+286
+00:23:06,200 --> 00:23:09,480
+the sun is he. Like, connect always between the
+
+287
+00:23:09,480 --> 00:23:13,620
+sun. So it should be, move him into the sun, his
+
+288
+00:23:13,620 --> 00:23:19,920
+touch awoke him once. So here, I don't know why he
+
+289
+00:23:19,920 --> 00:23:27,280
+is, now we keep questioning, is the sun here a
+
+290
+00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:31,500
+person or not a person? Is the sun animate or
+
+291
+00:23:31,500 --> 00:23:35,560
+inanimate? We don't know, like, okay, but this is
+
+292
+00:23:35,560 --> 00:23:40,260
+a question, you know, I'm just, like, trying to
+
+293
+00:23:40,260 --> 00:23:43,480
+raise these issues because they will be helpful to
+
+294
+00:23:43,480 --> 00:23:46,360
+you when you, you know, study the stylistic
+
+295
+00:23:46,360 --> 00:23:46,880
+analysis.
+
+296
+00:23:49,780 --> 00:23:53,080
+Move him into the sun. Why the sun, do you think?
+
+297
+00:23:54,200 --> 00:23:59,880
+Why the sun? To heal him. Do you think the sun has
+
+298
+00:23:59,880 --> 00:24:00,540
+healing effect?
+
+299
+00:24:05,210 --> 00:24:10,390
+How, how, you know? Like if we are talking about,
+
+300
+00:24:10,850 --> 00:24:14,890
+let's say a soldier who is injured, in what say,
+
+301
+00:24:15,510 --> 00:24:22,510
+like, is it cold? Is it cold? Yeah. And you know,
+
+302
+00:24:22,550 --> 00:24:25,670
+sometimes when it is cold, if you put somebody in
+
+303
+00:24:25,670 --> 00:24:29,170
+the sun, the sun will invigorate, will, you know,
+
+304
+00:24:29,230 --> 00:24:32,790
+revive him. Because you know, it is a source of
+
+305
+00:24:32,790 --> 00:24:37,550
+heat. It's a possibility. Move him to the sun
+
+306
+00:24:37,550 --> 00:24:43,750
+because the sun, you know, who, who like the sun,
+
+307
+00:24:44,170 --> 00:24:48,670
+sometimes it is the sun that makes people wake up.
+
+308
+00:24:49,770 --> 00:24:54,350
+You know, because if the sun, when you are asleep
+
+309
+00:24:54,350 --> 00:24:58,810
+and the sun shines, You know, it dazzles your eye
+
+310
+00:24:58,810 --> 00:25:01,710
+and you get up. So was it like this? Move him to
+
+311
+00:25:01,710 --> 00:25:04,190
+the sun, let's see whether it will wake him up or
+
+312
+00:25:04,190 --> 00:25:09,650
+not. You know? I saw that the sun is a source of
+
+313
+00:25:09,650 --> 00:25:12,570
+life for like plants and so for the human beings
+
+314
+00:25:12,570 --> 00:25:15,870
+as the human beings are like eating the plants. So
+
+315
+00:25:15,870 --> 00:25:21,030
+it may be the sun as a source of life. Yeah. Yeah,
+
+316
+00:25:21,130 --> 00:25:25,490
+of course, like here, the son was seen as a source
+
+317
+00:25:25,490 --> 00:25:29,130
+of life and they hope that when the soldier,
+
+318
+00:25:30,150 --> 00:25:32,390
+whether they're dead or, you know, they're
+
+319
+00:25:32,390 --> 00:25:36,090
+injured, because we don't know until now, this
+
+320
+00:25:36,090 --> 00:25:42,450
+will heal or, you know, at least revive him. See
+
+321
+00:25:42,450 --> 00:25:46,700
+what I mean? Move him into the sun. Gently its
+
+322
+00:25:46,700 --> 00:25:51,320
+touch awoke him once. Gently, you know, we don't
+
+323
+00:25:51,320 --> 00:25:55,780
+know it might be serious or it might be ironic.
+
+324
+00:25:56,420 --> 00:26:00,060
+You see, we don't know now. But it seems like the
+
+325
+00:26:00,060 --> 00:26:04,420
+atmosphere of the poem shows that he's ironic.
+
+326
+00:26:05,630 --> 00:26:10,270
+Move him into the sun. Gently it's awoke him once.
+
+327
+00:26:10,570 --> 00:26:14,050
+Gently, you know? I don't know whether the sun
+
+328
+00:26:14,050 --> 00:26:21,130
+will do anything for him. At home, whispering of
+
+329
+00:26:21,130 --> 00:26:28,150
+fields unsung. At home, in England, the sun was
+
+330
+00:26:28,150 --> 00:26:28,590
+whispering.
+
+331
+00:26:32,140 --> 00:26:36,440
+You know, I just saw, you know, a film about the
+
+332
+00:26:36,440 --> 00:26:39,220
+sun, and I listened to the sun, not whispering.
+
+333
+00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:44,160
+You know, it was, this is the noise of the sun. It
+
+334
+00:26:44,160 --> 00:26:48,400
+was in a big amphitheater in Pittsburgh in
+
+335
+00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:51,900
+America. It was a movie about the sun itself. And
+
+336
+00:26:51,900 --> 00:26:55,480
+when you approach the sun, it has a beating sound.
+
+337
+00:26:56,620 --> 00:27:01,150
+The sound of the sun. It's very frightening. And
+
+338
+00:27:01,150 --> 00:27:05,850
+it was real, it was dark, you know? Like, praising
+
+339
+00:27:05,850 --> 00:27:07,270
+Subhanallah, Subhanallah, Subhanallah,
+
+340
+00:27:07,430 --> 00:27:10,410
+Subhanallah. This is what I listened to the sun
+
+341
+00:27:10,410 --> 00:27:17,950
+doing that. So, now if I ask, what do you think of
+
+342
+00:27:17,950 --> 00:27:21,970
+this soldier? Is he old or young? How old is this
+
+343
+00:27:21,970 --> 00:27:28,680
+soldier? How do you know he was young? Like, not
+
+344
+00:27:28,680 --> 00:27:30,320
+Wilfred Owen. We are not talking about Wilfred
+
+345
+00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:33,240
+Owen. We're talking about the soldier who, you
+
+346
+00:27:33,240 --> 00:27:35,620
+know, who was injured or died in this battlefield.
+
+347
+00:27:37,100 --> 00:27:39,880
+Does the poem give us any indication about his
+
+348
+00:27:39,880 --> 00:27:46,880
+age? Whether he was young or old? Do you have any,
+
+349
+00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:50,060
+you know, reference in the poem? Do you have any,
+
+350
+00:27:50,540 --> 00:27:53,580
+you know, implication in the poem about the age of
+
+351
+00:27:53,580 --> 00:27:54,120
+the man?
+
+352
+00:28:01,230 --> 00:28:06,710
+Like I think, yes, we have. Unsown, yes. Like the
+
+353
+00:28:06,710 --> 00:28:12,550
+unsown. What is unsown? It is a land which is
+
+354
+00:28:12,550 --> 00:28:19,090
+prepared for seeding. It's a land which, you know,
+
+355
+00:28:19,210 --> 00:28:24,510
+prepared for planting. So this image of a field,
+
+356
+00:28:25,010 --> 00:28:30,700
+which is about, To be planted is an indication of
+
+357
+00:28:30,700 --> 00:28:35,800
+a young man who's not married, who's not, you
+
+358
+00:28:35,800 --> 00:28:41,920
+know, who doesn't have children, and so on. And I
+
+359
+00:28:41,920 --> 00:28:47,460
+want to ask you, which is more, you know, shocking
+
+360
+00:28:47,460 --> 00:28:54,080
+when we have a soldier who died, a soldier with a
+
+361
+00:28:54,080 --> 00:28:59,740
+wife and children, Or a young one who never saw
+
+362
+00:28:59,740 --> 00:29:02,420
+life, who never got married? You've gone over?
+
+363
+00:29:03,140 --> 00:29:05,960
+Yeah, I don't know, like I'm asking, you know,
+
+364
+00:29:06,020 --> 00:29:10,620
+sometimes, you know, you have to think of this
+
+365
+00:29:10,620 --> 00:29:13,060
+question, which is more catastrophic?
+
+366
+00:29:16,760 --> 00:29:17,480
+I don't know, like...
+
+367
+00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:24,800
+So it's a question I like to consider because some
+
+368
+00:29:24,800 --> 00:29:33,580
+people think that the death of a young soldier is
+
+369
+00:29:33,580 --> 00:29:36,820
+more catastrophic. Why? Because he has not yet
+
+370
+00:29:36,820 --> 00:29:41,820
+seen life and this one was... But this, just like
+
+371
+00:29:41,820 --> 00:29:49,450
+saw life, see it is different. Always it woke him
+
+372
+00:29:49,450 --> 00:29:54,450
+once. Always it woke him. Even in France. So
+
+373
+00:29:54,450 --> 00:29:59,190
+still, even in France, until this morning. Now we
+
+374
+00:29:59,190 --> 00:30:05,250
+understand here that he was alive and he died in
+
+375
+00:30:05,250 --> 00:30:10,470
+the battlefield. Until this morning and this snow.
+
+376
+00:30:13,130 --> 00:30:15,870
+You know, until this morning and this hour. But
+
+377
+00:30:15,870 --> 00:30:19,750
+they say, like, until this snow. This is
+
+378
+00:30:19,750 --> 00:30:23,770
+deviation. This is like syntactic grammatical
+
+379
+00:30:23,770 --> 00:30:27,690
+deviation. We don't say until this morning and
+
+380
+00:30:27,690 --> 00:30:32,130
+this snow. Do we say it in this language? Do we
+
+381
+00:30:32,130 --> 00:30:38,110
+say it in this language? Okay, I will wait for you
+
+382
+00:30:38,110 --> 00:30:49,660
+at this storm. Storm. We can wait here until this
+
+383
+00:30:49,660 --> 00:30:55,020
+storm, until this snow, until this, we don't say
+
+384
+00:30:55,020 --> 00:31:01,240
+this, until this snow, if anything might rouse
+
+385
+00:31:01,240 --> 00:31:07,000
+him, if anything might rouse him. So it seems
+
+386
+00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:12,830
+there is a problem. It seems like he's dead. If
+
+387
+00:31:12,830 --> 00:31:20,670
+anything might rouse him, the kind old sun will
+
+388
+00:31:20,670 --> 00:31:24,410
+know. What do you think of the image of the sun
+
+389
+00:31:24,410 --> 00:31:29,650
+here? Is it the same as the image of the sun here?
+
+390
+00:31:30,970 --> 00:31:36,150
+How is the sun here? Is it strong or old?
+
+391
+00:31:37,160 --> 00:31:41,880
+Helpless, vulnerable, weak, which can do nothing
+
+392
+00:31:41,880 --> 00:31:48,780
+to him. The old, kind, the kind, and I'm not sure
+
+393
+00:31:48,780 --> 00:31:54,680
+if he's serious or not. Is the sun kind? Like,
+
+394
+00:31:55,260 --> 00:31:59,320
+look here, we feel, you know, a sentiment of
+
+395
+00:31:59,320 --> 00:32:06,060
+indignance, a sentiment of anger. He's angry. He's
+
+396
+00:32:06,060 --> 00:32:06,480
+indignant.
+
+397
+00:32:09,150 --> 00:32:15,430
+The kind old sun will know. Think how it wakes the
+
+398
+00:32:15,430 --> 00:32:20,770
+seeds. Look at the sun, how it wakes the seeds. So
+
+399
+00:32:20,770 --> 00:32:25,550
+now he started to question about how the sun
+
+400
+00:32:25,550 --> 00:32:28,330
+originally,
+
+401
+00:32:29,430 --> 00:32:33,010
+you know, when it shines, like what will happen to
+
+402
+00:32:33,010 --> 00:32:35,230
+the seeds and you know, because without the sun,
+
+403
+00:32:35,730 --> 00:32:40,020
+there will be no plant life. Walked once the clays
+
+404
+00:32:40,020 --> 00:32:45,020
+of a cold star. Also, it walked the star, because
+
+405
+00:32:45,020 --> 00:32:50,060
+the earth was a cold star. And without the sun,
+
+406
+00:32:51,380 --> 00:32:58,220
+there would have been no life on earth. Walked
+
+407
+00:32:58,220 --> 00:33:02,040
+once the clays of a cold star. The clays, the mud.
+
+408
+00:33:03,280 --> 00:33:07,540
+Orleans? What about here? Now, then he, after
+
+409
+00:33:07,540 --> 00:33:09,760
+asking these questions, he looked at the dead
+
+410
+00:33:09,760 --> 00:33:

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/oQi9wbL59jc_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2160 @@
+1
+00:00:13,520 --> 00:00:18,100
+Okay, good morning everybody I have to repeat this
+
+2
+00:00:18,100 --> 00:00:25,200
+several times, huh? Are you excited like Eid
+
+3
+00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:26,720
+holiday is imminent?
+
+4
+00:00:30,610 --> 00:00:36,690
+Have you plans for the holiday? Because usually we
+
+5
+00:00:36,690 --> 00:00:41,800
+do not plan. And because we do not plan, We feel
+
+6
+00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:46,380
+very sorry because we have not used, made use of
+
+7
+00:00:46,380 --> 00:00:50,980
+time. So I think I strongly recommend that you try
+
+8
+00:00:50,980 --> 00:00:55,480
+to plan your time. It's a long vacation. I think,
+
+9
+00:00:55,560 --> 00:00:57,860
+you know, you have, first of all, you have to
+
+10
+00:00:57,860 --> 00:01:02,020
+enjoy yourself at Eid. Do not like busy yourself.
+
+11
+00:01:02,700 --> 00:01:06,320
+doing things, reading during the Eid because of
+
+12
+00:01:06,320 --> 00:01:09,560
+the midterm exam, I strongly recommend that you
+
+13
+00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:13,340
+enjoy yourself. However, like after Eid, you have
+
+14
+00:01:13,340 --> 00:01:21,460
+to plan and to work very hard. Anyway, today we
+
+15
+00:01:21,460 --> 00:01:25,380
+are going to see, it is an introductory lecture to
+
+16
+00:01:25,380 --> 00:01:28,460
+metaphysical poetry because today we're not
+
+17
+00:01:28,460 --> 00:01:32,530
+studying John Donne. So it's going to be a little
+
+18
+00:01:32,530 --> 00:01:36,490
+bit historical background, social background, and
+
+19
+00:01:36,490 --> 00:01:40,610
+perhaps general characteristics of the Metzgal
+
+20
+00:01:40,610 --> 00:01:47,630
+poetry. But before we start this, as usual, I need
+
+21
+00:01:47,630 --> 00:01:51,610
+a report. You read last time, I think. So we need,
+
+22
+00:01:52,010 --> 00:01:53,030
+yes, the lady there.
+
+23
+00:02:01,650 --> 00:02:04,530
+Okay, you just come here. Good morning everybody,
+
+24
+00:02:04,690 --> 00:02:10,930
+how are you? Daily report, actually this week I
+
+25
+00:02:10,930 --> 00:02:13,270
+suffered a lot and till this moment I feel
+
+26
+00:02:13,270 --> 00:02:15,610
+confused and stressed because of my crowded
+
+27
+00:02:15,610 --> 00:02:18,810
+schedule of the unfinished exams. So my
+
+28
+00:02:18,810 --> 00:02:21,170
+psychological condition is too bad because of
+
+29
+00:02:21,170 --> 00:02:24,440
+these exams and due crowded schedule of study
+
+30
+00:02:24,440 --> 00:02:28,000
+works. Believe me or not, before two days I began
+
+31
+00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:30,040
+to weep and my tears began to fall down
+
+32
+00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:34,380
+continuously and I began to seem like a mad one,
+
+33
+00:02:34,720 --> 00:02:38,000
+like a mad person because of these bad conditions.
+
+34
+00:02:38,280 --> 00:02:40,860
+Coming back to the pottery class actually although
+
+35
+00:02:40,860 --> 00:02:45,180
+yesterday I was busy in studying because of the
+
+36
+00:02:45,180 --> 00:02:49,620
+today's exam and I was pressured and confused. I
+
+37
+00:02:49,620 --> 00:02:53,640
+felt all these issues, I left all these issues and
+
+38
+00:02:53,640 --> 00:02:56,100
+decided to think about what is suitable for the
+
+39
+00:02:56,100 --> 00:02:59,060
+report of the previous lecture. Consequently, I
+
+40
+00:02:59,060 --> 00:03:01,680
+remembered the lecture with some happiness. As
+
+41
+00:03:01,680 --> 00:03:04,300
+usual, it began by saying the daily report and
+
+42
+00:03:04,300 --> 00:03:07,100
+after that, the teacher gave us an obvious
+
+43
+00:03:07,100 --> 00:03:12,300
+explanation about the two poems of Shakespeare and
+
+44
+00:03:12,300 --> 00:03:15,880
+he ordered us to compare between them after giving
+
+45
+00:03:15,880 --> 00:03:19,580
+us the aesthetic elements in both poems. Okay,
+
+46
+00:03:19,660 --> 00:03:22,240
+thank you very much. And it's good like you have
+
+47
+00:03:22,240 --> 00:03:25,700
+the report as event out. I know like a lot of
+
+48
+00:03:25,700 --> 00:03:28,660
+students are pressured because of the midterm
+
+49
+00:03:28,660 --> 00:03:35,520
+exam, but you should know that midterm exams are
+
+50
+00:03:35,520 --> 00:03:39,120
+given under the pressure of classes and lectures.
+
+51
+00:03:40,000 --> 00:03:44,570
+So those who do not come to class Because of
+
+52
+00:03:44,570 --> 00:03:47,910
+midterm, a midterm, for me, it's like, you know,
+
+53
+00:03:47,970 --> 00:03:50,250
+cheating, you know, it's not like, honestly,
+
+54
+00:03:50,510 --> 00:03:54,790
+because, you know, we know that we want to test
+
+55
+00:03:54,790 --> 00:03:57,950
+you when you are having a lot of lectures,
+
+56
+00:03:58,170 --> 00:04:01,810
+classes, how you function, you function well or
+
+57
+00:04:01,810 --> 00:04:06,090
+you need time. Have, if you like are a good time
+
+58
+00:04:06,090 --> 00:04:08,570
+manager, you don't have a problem. But if you are
+
+59
+00:04:08,570 --> 00:04:14,440
+not, you'll be in trouble. Okay. I need another
+
+60
+00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:20,180
+report, another creative report. Creative. Let's
+
+61
+00:04:20,180 --> 00:04:21,420
+see. Okay.
+
+62
+00:04:32,220 --> 00:04:35,640
+But people will envy you because you have read
+
+63
+00:04:35,640 --> 00:04:42,630
+like several times. Okay, go ahead. Shakespeare's
+
+64
+00:04:42,630 --> 00:04:45,330
+words, of which he's so proud, whistled through my
+
+65
+00:04:45,330 --> 00:04:48,050
+head like rough wind so loud. He was right,
+
+66
+00:04:48,170 --> 00:04:50,970
+though, five decades on, and his words still flow.
+
+67
+00:04:51,390 --> 00:04:54,430
+Through paper and pen, the words remain so. And in
+
+68
+00:04:54,430 --> 00:04:57,430
+poetry class, his immortality does show. And I,
+
+69
+00:04:57,530 --> 00:05:00,590
+for one, I am one to know. Wow. Thank you very
+
+70
+00:05:00,590 --> 00:05:04,850
+much. Clap for her. So this is like, yes, it's
+
+71
+00:05:04,850 --> 00:05:10,740
+very creative. Good. I know a lot of you wrote
+
+72
+00:05:10,740 --> 00:05:15,460
+even more creative reports, but if anybody is
+
+73
+00:05:15,460 --> 00:05:19,720
+dying to read, I don't mind. If she feels she has
+
+74
+00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:23,860
+a wonderful report, I don't mind. She can read.
+
+75
+00:05:25,940 --> 00:05:32,520
+Okay, so, metrical poetry. What have you prepared
+
+76
+00:05:32,520 --> 00:05:35,400
+for us? It's a good question. What have you
+
+77
+00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:38,380
+prepared for us? Don't tell me fish and chips.
+
+78
+00:05:39,980 --> 00:05:44,020
+This has nothing to do with metaphysical poetry.
+
+79
+00:05:45,080 --> 00:05:47,160
+I'll be telling you the joke of fish and chips
+
+80
+00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:52,900
+later. Okay, metaphysical poetry, I don't know.
+
+81
+00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:59,580
+The term itself seems to be tough, metaphysical.
+
+82
+00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:04,240
+What is physical to say metaphysical? Okay, the
+
+83
+00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:08,040
+metaphysicals, you know, even like Amal say the
+
+84
+00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:11,020
+metaphysicals, you know? She's complicating it
+
+85
+00:06:11,020 --> 00:06:14,680
+more and more. Yes, what do you want to tell me?
+
+86
+00:06:14,940 --> 00:06:22,660
+Like, speak. Metaphysical poets? Yes. I'm ready to
+
+87
+00:06:22,660 --> 00:06:23,420
+listen. Yes, please.
+
+88
+00:06:28,010 --> 00:06:32,770
+Things that are beyond nature. Yeah, so you are
+
+89
+00:06:32,770 --> 00:06:36,190
+just like looking at metaphysical, something
+
+90
+00:06:36,190 --> 00:06:40,390
+beyond the physical. Yes, they were concerned with
+
+91
+00:06:40,390 --> 00:06:45,330
+highly philosophical issues. Man's relation with
+
+92
+00:06:45,330 --> 00:06:50,410
+God, man's experience in life, man's, you know,
+
+93
+00:06:50,610 --> 00:06:57,670
+like, relation with death, love, which is a
+
+94
+00:06:57,670 --> 00:07:01,630
+general issue, love to God, love to human beings,
+
+95
+00:07:01,850 --> 00:07:03,470
+yes. Yes.
+
+96
+00:07:07,830 --> 00:07:11,730
+I want to say that there's, at the time, it wasn't
+
+97
+00:07:11,730 --> 00:07:14,250
+really very spread and it wasn't very much read.
+
+98
+00:07:14,750 --> 00:07:17,930
+And it later became very prominent and analyzed.
+
+99
+00:07:18,050 --> 00:07:20,270
+But at the time, it was the time of religious,
+
+100
+00:07:20,610 --> 00:07:22,550
+like there were a lot of religious beliefs and
+
+101
+00:07:22,550 --> 00:07:24,610
+there were the Puritan. Yeah, thank you very much.
+
+102
+00:07:24,670 --> 00:07:29,170
+Yes. Like the mythical poets were elitist. Yes.
+
+103
+00:07:29,590 --> 00:07:32,560
+They were not writing for You know, they were not
+
+104
+00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:35,060
+like Shakespeare, Spencer, and others. They were
+
+105
+00:07:35,060 --> 00:07:39,680
+not writing for the common people. They were
+
+106
+00:07:39,680 --> 00:07:43,620
+elitist. They were highly educated. And, you know,
+
+107
+00:07:43,740 --> 00:07:47,320
+they were a little bit chauvinistic because they
+
+108
+00:07:47,320 --> 00:07:51,560
+wanted to show that they were, you know, very
+
+109
+00:07:51,560 --> 00:07:56,920
+good. So their poetry was inaccessible for lay
+
+110
+00:07:56,920 --> 00:08:00,740
+people, for ordinary people. Their poetry was very
+
+111
+00:08:00,740 --> 00:08:05,080
+difficult. They used their wit, their mind, their
+
+112
+00:08:05,080 --> 00:08:10,900
+intellect to write poetry. That's why they were
+
+113
+00:08:10,900 --> 00:08:17,640
+not popular. And you know what? It is only just in
+
+114
+00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:21,440
+20th century, like it was T.S. Eliot who brought
+
+115
+00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:28,920
+them to surface. Samuel Johnson was the critic who
+
+116
+00:08:28,920 --> 00:08:32,100
+was first called them the mythical poets. But you
+
+117
+00:08:32,100 --> 00:08:34,440
+mentioned the religious because it's very
+
+118
+00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:38,380
+important to talk about the religious background.
+
+119
+00:08:41,980 --> 00:08:51,550
+In 1603, Elizabeth died, and James I, the first
+
+120
+00:08:51,550 --> 00:08:57,510
+king from the Stuart family, because Elizabeth was
+
+121
+00:08:57,510 --> 00:09:01,270
+Tudor. So we're talking about dynasty, it's a
+
+122
+00:09:01,270 --> 00:09:04,970
+different dynasty. James Stuart I, who was of
+
+123
+00:09:04,970 --> 00:09:10,560
+Scottish origin, If you remember, when Shakespeare
+
+124
+00:09:10,560 --> 00:09:13,560
+wrote Macbeth, he was complimenting him, he was
+
+125
+00:09:13,560 --> 00:09:17,160
+flattering him, like he was a descendant of, you
+
+126
+00:09:17,160 --> 00:09:19,700
+know, the Scottish, of Banquo, if you remember.
+
+127
+00:09:20,640 --> 00:09:26,560
+Like this, King was religious, and he was
+
+128
+00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:32,440
+accredited for translating the Bible, you know,
+
+129
+00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:36,160
+the authorized version of the Bible. So during his
+
+130
+00:09:36,160 --> 00:09:41,220
+time, The Bible was widely read because before,
+
+131
+00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:43,920
+you know, he translated it, you know, from Latin
+
+132
+00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:48,660
+into English, you know, a few people like the
+
+133
+00:09:48,660 --> 00:09:51,400
+Bible was limited to a few people. But when it
+
+134
+00:09:51,400 --> 00:09:54,560
+became translated in English, so a lot of people
+
+135
+00:09:54,560 --> 00:09:58,130
+started reading the Bible. And when you see a lot
+
+136
+00:09:58,130 --> 00:10:02,750
+of people start to read, it means they become very
+
+137
+00:10:02,750 --> 00:10:07,370
+religious and the arguments, the controversy
+
+138
+00:10:07,370 --> 00:10:15,210
+start. And this is what happened in that
+
+139
+00:10:15,210 --> 00:10:20,310
+century. So the religious tension began to
+
+140
+00:10:20,310 --> 00:10:24,410
+increase mainly between the Catholic and the
+
+141
+00:10:24,410 --> 00:10:31,970
+Protestant. And even in, you know, 1605, there
+
+142
+00:10:31,970 --> 00:10:36,970
+was, you know, the Catholic were trying to blow up
+
+143
+00:10:36,970 --> 00:10:41,790
+the parliament and kill the king. You know, it was
+
+144
+00:10:41,790 --> 00:10:46,780
+called the Gunpowder Plot. the gunpowder which was
+
+145
+00:10:46,780 --> 00:10:52,020
+referred in Macbeth. But James was very tough with
+
+146
+00:10:52,020 --> 00:10:59,000
+them and he put a lot of them in prison. The
+
+147
+00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:05,700
+Catholic were not treated very well. They did not
+
+148
+00:11:05,700 --> 00:11:09,480
+have their rights or they did not have their
+
+149
+00:11:09,480 --> 00:11:12,980
+rights in employment. I mean, their social rights,
+
+150
+00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:15,060
+they were denied their social rights because of
+
+151
+00:11:15,060 --> 00:11:19,560
+their creed. This one thing. Another thing, on the
+
+152
+00:11:19,560 --> 00:11:22,140
+other side, the Protestant themselves had some
+
+153
+00:11:22,140 --> 00:11:26,420
+argument among themselves and the Protestant, some
+
+154
+00:11:26,420 --> 00:11:29,620
+of them were very radical, very extremist called
+
+155
+00:11:29,620 --> 00:11:34,070
+the Puritans. Those Puritans wanted the king to
+
+156
+00:11:34,070 --> 00:11:38,590
+change more. They wanted to press him to change
+
+157
+00:11:38,590 --> 00:11:42,850
+more, to clean the English church out of the
+
+158
+00:11:42,850 --> 00:11:46,090
+Catholic, you know, churches. So they were
+
+159
+00:11:46,090 --> 00:11:49,090
+pulling, you know, to the extreme. And the king
+
+160
+00:11:49,090 --> 00:11:53,170
+wanted, like, to be in the middle. What happened,
+
+161
+00:11:53,290 --> 00:11:58,210
+like, as a result, He, you know, kicked them out,
+
+162
+00:11:58,430 --> 00:12:02,610
+like about 3,000 of them. They were deported to
+
+163
+00:12:02,610 --> 00:12:10,450
+Holland, like it was in 1620, something like this,
+
+164
+00:12:11,210 --> 00:12:17,690
+1618, 1819. They were, you know, deported to
+
+165
+00:12:17,690 --> 00:12:21,530
+Holland. And, you know, after one year, they
+
+166
+00:12:21,530 --> 00:12:24,610
+started their journey to America. And they settled
+
+167
+00:12:24,610 --> 00:12:28,250
+in Massachusetts, mainly in Jamestown. And this is
+
+168
+00:12:28,250 --> 00:12:31,490
+how, like, of course, America was explored before
+
+169
+00:12:31,490 --> 00:12:35,150
+that. America after Marlowe and, you know, when
+
+170
+00:12:35,150 --> 00:12:37,010
+Marlowe was writing Come Love With Me, when
+
+171
+00:12:37,010 --> 00:12:38,790
+Spencer was writing, America was already
+
+172
+00:12:38,790 --> 00:12:42,310
+discovered. And, like, you know, the literature of
+
+173
+00:12:42,310 --> 00:12:45,730
+that time was promoting people to go to America.
+
+174
+00:12:46,410 --> 00:12:50,710
+So here we have the first, you know, American
+
+175
+00:12:50,710 --> 00:12:54,110
+settlement or the first English settlement. which
+
+176
+00:12:54,110 --> 00:12:58,050
+was started by the British themselves on the east
+
+177
+00:12:58,050 --> 00:13:02,030
+coast, the northeast coast in Massachusetts, a
+
+178
+00:13:02,030 --> 00:13:07,210
+settlement called Jamestown Settlement. So that
+
+179
+00:13:07,210 --> 00:13:11,760
+was the atmosphere. This atmosphere continued, you
+
+180
+00:13:11,760 --> 00:13:14,500
+know, to be complicated more and more until
+
+181
+00:13:14,500 --> 00:13:18,940
+England became in 1942 in a state of civil war.
+
+182
+00:13:19,620 --> 00:13:22,980
+There was a civil war. This continued, this civil
+
+183
+00:13:22,980 --> 00:13:30,060
+war continued until 19, sorry, 1651. What
+
+184
+00:13:30,060 --> 00:13:36,390
+happened, you know, because in, I think, In 1635,
+
+185
+00:13:36,690 --> 00:13:42,690
+King James died, and Charles I, his son, took
+
+186
+00:13:42,690 --> 00:13:50,050
+over. He was a weak king. And during his time, the
+
+187
+00:13:50,050 --> 00:13:54,910
+Civil War broke out. This is a bit history. It
+
+188
+00:13:54,910 --> 00:13:58,530
+helps us in having a good background to study the
+
+189
+00:13:58,530 --> 00:14:03,830
+metaphysical poetry. You know, there was a civil
+
+190
+00:14:03,830 --> 00:14:07,590
+war. Of course, the civil war was very bitter. A
+
+191
+00:14:07,590 --> 00:14:09,410
+lot of people died. A lot of people were
+
+192
+00:14:09,410 --> 00:14:13,990
+imprisoned for their faith. So it was an age of
+
+193
+00:14:13,990 --> 00:14:17,090
+certainty. This 17th century, it was an urge of,
+
+194
+00:14:17,190 --> 00:14:25,110
+you know, change. And what happened in 1651,
+
+195
+00:14:25,790 --> 00:14:32,720
+the king was executed. similar to Gaddafi, you
+
+196
+00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:38,760
+know. He was executed. And England was, you know,
+
+197
+00:14:38,860 --> 00:14:42,900
+declared as a republic for the first time in its
+
+198
+00:14:42,900 --> 00:14:48,700
+history. It was a republic in 1651,
+
+199
+00:14:49,160 --> 00:14:53,020
+and this continued to 1661.
+
+200
+00:14:54,060 --> 00:14:56,700
+England was governed by the Republican, by the
+
+201
+00:14:56,700 --> 00:14:59,970
+parliamentarians, who were very tough. Their
+
+202
+00:14:59,970 --> 00:15:03,750
+leader was Cromwell. Those are similar to those
+
+203
+00:15:03,750 --> 00:15:05,910
+people who went to America. They were hardliners
+
+204
+00:15:05,910 --> 00:15:07,730
+people, very extremist.
+
+205
+00:15:12,110 --> 00:15:17,750
+Who was, do you think, the assistant of Cromwell?
+
+206
+00:15:21,010 --> 00:15:23,550
+Yeah, the assistant. The Latin assistant of
+
+207
+00:15:23,550 --> 00:15:27,290
+Cromwell was John Milton, the famous English poet.
+
+208
+00:15:28,220 --> 00:15:34,540
+you know, who was a poet and a legislator. Of
+
+209
+00:15:34,540 --> 00:15:37,960
+course, like, they continued governing England. He
+
+210
+00:15:37,960 --> 00:15:42,200
+was like the media or, you know, you could say the
+
+211
+00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:47,600
+spokesman of the whole ideology. He, you know,
+
+212
+00:15:47,660 --> 00:15:51,460
+made many legislation in marriage and divorce law,
+
+213
+00:15:51,520 --> 00:15:57,490
+you see? So he was very active. But in 1661, the
+
+214
+00:15:57,490 --> 00:16:01,990
+parliament again voted and they restored the king
+
+215
+00:16:01,990 --> 00:16:10,210
+from France. And Charles II, and this is what we
+
+216
+00:16:10,210 --> 00:16:16,090
+call the restoration period. So from 1661 onward,
+
+217
+00:16:16,910 --> 00:16:19,830
+this is what is called in English history, the
+
+218
+00:16:19,830 --> 00:16:24,490
+restoration period. the Restoration Period, the
+
+219
+00:16:24,490 --> 00:16:27,950
+Augustan Age, the Age of Reason, like all these
+
+220
+00:16:27,950 --> 00:16:33,450
+names were applying to that, and, you know, the
+
+221
+00:16:33,450 --> 00:16:38,400
+Neoclassical Age. It was an age. in which like
+
+222
+00:16:38,400 --> 00:16:42,640
+emotion, sentiments, feelings, poetry, you know,
+
+223
+00:16:42,860 --> 00:16:45,540
+were dismissed. They didn't appreciate poetry.
+
+224
+00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:48,580
+They didn't appreciate imagination. They didn't
+
+225
+00:16:48,580 --> 00:16:53,820
+appreciate this. So poetry had to meet certain
+
+226
+00:16:53,820 --> 00:16:57,070
+rules and regulations. It was not like
+
+227
+00:16:57,070 --> 00:17:01,290
+Shakespeare, festive, lyrical. So poetry was
+
+228
+00:17:01,290 --> 00:17:07,130
+didactic. Poetry was satirical. And those, the
+
+229
+00:17:07,130 --> 00:17:10,950
+famous poets of, you know, that time, I mean,
+
+230
+00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:17,020
+where Alexander Pope and John Dryden. They are
+
+231
+00:17:17,020 --> 00:17:18,900
+missing in our course, you know, we're not
+
+232
+00:17:18,900 --> 00:17:22,600
+teaching them, but we'll start from the pre
+
+233
+00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:26,820
+-romantic, from William Blake and the Romantics.
+
+234
+00:17:27,680 --> 00:17:31,840
+So this is a bit of history about the 17th
+
+235
+00:17:31,840 --> 00:17:35,020
+century. Thank you for introducing this. So you
+
+236
+00:17:35,020 --> 00:17:38,560
+could say it was an age of uncertainty. But we
+
+237
+00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:43,340
+should know also, in spite of this, England was
+
+238
+00:17:43,340 --> 00:17:49,830
+progressing in the field of research in the field
+
+239
+00:17:49,830 --> 00:17:54,750
+of academia, I mean, you know, scientific. It was
+
+240
+00:17:54,750 --> 00:17:58,430
+progressing, you know, in chemistry, in, you know,
+
+241
+00:17:58,470 --> 00:18:00,470
+physics, in, you know, there were many
+
+242
+00:18:00,470 --> 00:18:03,850
+explorations. New continents were explored. So it
+
+243
+00:18:03,850 --> 00:18:07,230
+was the age of exploration. It was the age of
+
+244
+00:18:07,230 --> 00:18:11,110
+expansion. And it was the age of scientific
+
+245
+00:18:11,110 --> 00:18:16,970
+progress. So it... Everything was changing. So new
+
+246
+00:18:16,970 --> 00:18:20,450
+theories, even new theories about the Earth, about
+
+247
+00:18:20,450 --> 00:18:24,350
+our reality changed. So those poets, I mean, the
+
+248
+00:18:24,350 --> 00:18:28,390
+mythical poets were writing in an age which was
+
+249
+00:18:28,390 --> 00:18:32,010
+characterized by a great deal of uncertainty. So
+
+250
+00:18:32,010 --> 00:18:35,630
+all theories about the world being, you know,
+
+251
+00:18:36,050 --> 00:18:40,690
+like, flat have changed now. And everything, man's
+
+252
+00:18:40,690 --> 00:18:44,610
+relation with God, like, has been reconsidered.
+
+253
+00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:50,180
+So this is a bit of history. Let me listen to you.
+
+254
+00:18:50,300 --> 00:18:52,320
+If you like, speak, tell me, I explain. You know,
+
+255
+00:18:52,380 --> 00:18:55,180
+this is me, you know? So, what have you prepared
+
+256
+00:18:55,180 --> 00:18:57,360
+for us? Yes?
+
+257
+00:19:00,500 --> 00:19:05,840
+Yes, so you are referring to the metaphysical
+
+258
+00:19:05,840 --> 00:19:11,160
+poets, yes? Now, we're dealing with a generation.
+
+259
+00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:15,790
+Now, in fact, The 17th century was not the century
+
+260
+00:19:15,790 --> 00:19:21,750
+of the metaphysical poets. We have three groups of
+
+261
+00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:28,300
+poets. We have the metaphysical poets. We have the
+
+262
+00:19:28,300 --> 00:19:32,760
+cavalier poets, the cavalier, and we have the
+
+263
+00:19:32,760 --> 00:19:35,960
+followers of Ben Jonson. So we have the medical
+
+264
+00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:40,160
+who were writing in the fashion of John Donne. We
+
+265
+00:19:40,160 --> 00:19:45,400
+have the cavalier who were writing in the fashion
+
+266
+00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:48,420
+of George Herbert. And we have the traditional one
+
+267
+00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:53,390
+who were writing in the fashion of Ben Jonson. The
+
+268
+00:19:53,390 --> 00:19:56,730
+most obtruse and difficult were the military
+
+269
+00:19:56,730 --> 00:20:01,230
+poets. The cavalier poets were a little bit
+
+270
+00:20:01,230 --> 00:20:07,630
+hedonistic. They were bohemian. Their life was not
+
+271
+00:20:07,630 --> 00:20:10,150
+a life of austerity. They wanted to enjoy their
+
+272
+00:20:10,150 --> 00:20:13,210
+life. They wanted to enjoy their life before they
+
+273
+00:20:13,210 --> 00:20:18,690
+die. Philosophy of life depended on enjoying your
+
+274
+00:20:18,690 --> 00:20:21,910
+life before you die, and that was called the theme
+
+275
+00:20:21,910 --> 00:20:24,650
+of Carpe Diem. These terms, I'm going to write
+
+276
+00:20:24,650 --> 00:20:29,470
+them for you later. But just I'm introducing them.
+
+277
+00:20:31,510 --> 00:20:34,870
+Now, the metaphysical poets were poets who wrote
+
+278
+00:20:34,870 --> 00:20:38,990
+in a different style. Yes, they were difficult
+
+279
+00:20:38,990 --> 00:20:42,410
+because of their argument. What's wrong with their
+
+280
+00:20:42,410 --> 00:20:42,790
+argument?
+
+281
+00:20:49,030 --> 00:20:54,670
+Yes, so like, you know, they were argumentative. I
+
+282
+00:20:54,670 --> 00:20:57,710
+mean, they introduced an argument, a thesis, and
+
+283
+00:20:57,710 --> 00:21:01,740
+they continued you know, elaborating it, arguing,
+
+284
+00:21:01,960 --> 00:21:07,140
+until they convince us about their point of view.
+
+285
+00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:09,920
+So they were arguing. They were introducing
+
+286
+00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:13,220
+arguing, and usually when they introduce the
+
+287
+00:21:13,220 --> 00:21:20,760
+argument, you know, it was very abrupt. So, for
+
+288
+00:21:20,760 --> 00:21:24,160
+example, John Donne, when John Donne started his
+
+289
+00:21:24,160 --> 00:21:28,850
+poetry, he started like, you know, in a very
+
+290
+00:21:28,850 --> 00:21:32,590
+abrupt, like, go and catch, you know, the falling
+
+291
+00:21:32,590 --> 00:21:37,350
+star or, like, the sun rising. The opening of the
+
+292
+00:21:37,350 --> 00:21:41,490
+sun rising is very, you know, abrupt. The opening
+
+293
+00:21:41,490 --> 00:21:45,110
+of valediction forbidding is very abrupt. Abrupt
+
+294
+00:21:45,110 --> 00:21:49,470
+like sudden, you know. Yes. Isn't John Donne a
+
+295
+00:21:49,470 --> 00:21:53,850
+romantic poet? No, John Donne was a metaphysical
+
+296
+00:21:53,850 --> 00:21:54,910
+poet. He was
+
+297
+00:21:57,990 --> 00:22:02,970
+No, no, no, no. No, we don't like, he was, no,
+
+298
+00:22:03,190 --> 00:22:08,610
+huh? No, no romanticism. You know, the issue of
+
+299
+00:22:08,610 --> 00:22:10,550
+romanticism is a little bit different, you know?
+
+300
+00:22:10,890 --> 00:22:13,550
+Once we approach romanticism, we want to talk
+
+301
+00:22:13,550 --> 00:22:21,870
+about it in a different way. Good. Yes, their
+
+302
+00:22:21,870 --> 00:22:24,230
+poetry was difficult. Their poetry was
+
+303
+00:22:24,230 --> 00:22:29,750
+characterized by you know, by imagery which was
+
+304
+00:22:29,750 --> 00:22:34,810
+drawn from Not the roses, not the summer, but it
+
+305
+00:22:34,810 --> 00:22:39,810
+was drawn from chemistry, from, you know, from
+
+306
+00:22:39,810 --> 00:22:44,410
+physics, from astronomy, astrology. So yes, they
+
+307
+00:22:44,410 --> 00:22:47,310
+were referring, the images were drawn from the
+
+308
+00:22:47,310 --> 00:22:50,350
+emergent field of knowledge during that time.
+
+309
+00:22:53,690 --> 00:22:56,550
+Yes, okay, we'll talk about the conceit, the
+
+310
+00:22:56,550 --> 00:23:02,940
+paradoxes, you know, in a moment. Yes. Okay, let's
+
+311
+00:23:02,940 --> 00:23:05,740
+see. Now, I don't want to keep asking you. Let's
+
+312
+00:23:05,740 --> 00:23:09,300
+see here, what do we have? As you say, in
+
+313
+00:23:09,300 --> 00:23:13,120
+metaphysical poetry, Amal started by just
+
+314
+00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:17,960
+arranging this. As you see here, we have strange
+
+315
+00:23:17,960 --> 00:23:22,300
+heterogeneous ideas. like ideas which are
+
+316
+00:23:22,300 --> 00:23:25,380
+heterogeneous, not homogeneous. And she's
+
+317
+00:23:25,380 --> 00:23:32,120
+referring to man's relationship with God. So John
+
+318
+00:23:32,120 --> 00:23:35,480
+Donne was talking to God as if he was talking to a
+
+319
+00:23:35,480 --> 00:23:35,840
+person.
+
+320
+00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:42,700
+Surprising and unexpected beginning, like, butter
+
+321
+00:23:42,700 --> 00:23:46,360
+my heart, three-person God. A man is starting by
+
+322
+00:23:46,360 --> 00:23:48,580
+asking God to butter his heart.
+
+323
+00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:55,760
+Okay? You know, riddles, like their poetry is like
+
+324
+00:23:55,760 --> 00:23:58,180
+riddles because, you know, you have something
+
+325
+00:23:58,180 --> 00:24:01,960
+like, we are two but we are one. You know, it's
+
+326
+00:24:01,960 --> 00:24:05,140
+like a riddle. How come you are, you know, they
+
+327
+00:24:05,140 --> 00:24:09,220
+invite you to think how, you know, and in Andrew
+
+328
+00:24:09,220 --> 00:24:12,360
+Marvell, look, Andrew Marvell, he says at the end
+
+329
+00:24:12,360 --> 00:24:16,080
+of his coy mistress, his coy mistress, though we
+
+330
+00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:20,380
+cannot make ours, we cannot stop our son, but we
+
+331
+00:24:20,380 --> 00:24:26,800
+can make it run. How can you, you know, you can't
+
+332
+00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:30,770
+stop The sun, but you can make it run. How? Can
+
+333
+00:24:30,770 --> 00:24:34,250
+you tell me? Yeah, it's very strange, isn't it?
+
+334
+00:24:34,370 --> 00:24:37,110
+It's like a riddle. You know, it's like a riddle.
+
+335
+00:24:37,290 --> 00:24:40,270
+How can't you make the sun? And this is like the,
+
+336
+00:24:40,770 --> 00:24:44,170
+this is a paradox, of course. Yeah, it is very
+
+337
+00:24:44,170 --> 00:24:47,610
+perplexing. I don't know. Of course, this is the
+
+338
+00:24:47,610 --> 00:24:51,110
+paradox is easy. But when it comes to the conceit,
+
+339
+00:24:51,230 --> 00:24:55,850
+it is more obtruse. It's more complicated. And in
+
+340
+00:24:55,850 --> 00:25:01,090
+a moment, I'll be talking about the conceit. So
+
+341
+00:25:01,090 --> 00:25:06,970
+how come you cannot stop your son, but you can
+
+342
+00:25:06,970 --> 00:25:11,090
+make it run? I'm telling you because, in fact, to
+
+343
+00:25:11,090 --> 00:25:16,110
+his co-mistress, which is very vulgar and you're
+
+344
+00:25:16,110 --> 00:25:20,170
+not going to study it, At the end, he was like
+
+345
+00:25:20,170 --> 00:25:23,510
+inviting, you know, or he wanted to enjoy his
+
+346
+00:25:23,510 --> 00:25:26,930
+life. So he was trying to persuade, you know, a
+
+347
+00:25:26,930 --> 00:25:30,870
+lady to enjoy his life. But she was, you know,
+
+348
+00:25:30,950 --> 00:25:34,450
+adamant. So in the poem, he said, we cannot, yes,
+
+349
+00:25:34,530 --> 00:25:37,590
+we cannot stop. We don't have control over our
+
+350
+00:25:37,590 --> 00:25:41,070
+life. We cannot stop, you know, the sun, the time
+
+351
+00:25:41,070 --> 00:25:43,740
+itself. Because we cannot stop. We have no
+
+352
+00:25:43,740 --> 00:25:46,560
+control, but we can make it run. By enjoying
+
+353
+00:25:46,560 --> 00:25:49,780
+ourselves, we can make it run. See what I mean? So
+
+354
+00:25:49,780 --> 00:25:53,280
+this is the paradox. Okay? We, by enjoying
+
+355
+00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:58,810
+ourselves, we can make our son run. I don't know,
+
+356
+00:25:59,010 --> 00:26:03,770
+all these are epithets which apply for, yes,
+
+357
+00:26:04,030 --> 00:26:07,930
+surprise, strange ideas, surprising or unexpected,
+
+358
+00:26:08,670 --> 00:26:12,470
+you know, unexpected beginning,
+
+359
+00:26:13,230 --> 00:26:16,390
+you know, of the poems.
+
+360
+00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:24,300
+Poetry and verses, they don't have this smooth
+
+361
+00:26:24,300 --> 00:26:29,920
+lyrical tone. Their poetry is harsh, you know? It
+
+362
+00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:33,880
+is harsh. It is very noisy, like what we are going
+
+363
+00:26:33,880 --> 00:26:38,200
+to see in Butter My Heart. Blow, burn, boo, boo,
+
+364
+00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:42,320
+you know? It's like very noisy poetry, you know?
+
+365
+00:26:44,590 --> 00:26:47,890
+They are exaggerating, they are revolutionary, far
+
+366
+00:26:47,890 --> 00:26:52,370
+-fetched, it's the conceit itself. What is the
+
+367
+00:26:52,370 --> 00:26:56,030
+conceit? The conceit is what?
+
+368
+00:26:58,950 --> 00:27:02,410
+What is a conceit? Do you have an example of a
+
+369
+00:27:02,410 --> 00:27:02,770
+conceit?
+
+370
+00:27:06,230 --> 00:27:08,850
+The flea, okay. I don't want to like to talk about
+
+371
+00:27:08,850 --> 00:27:11,830
+the flea, but I want like to give you an example
+
+372
+00:27:11,830 --> 00:27:17,930
+of a conceit. A conceit is what? It is an analogy,
+
+373
+00:27:19,050 --> 00:27:23,670
+you know, analogy. It is a strange analogy or a
+
+374
+00:27:23,670 --> 00:27:28,570
+strange simile or a metaphor in which the
+
+375
+00:27:28,570 --> 00:27:34,470
+relationship between the vehicle and the tenor is
+
+376
+00:27:34,470 --> 00:27:39,090
+very remote, is unexpected. You see what I mean?
+
+377
+00:27:39,710 --> 00:27:44,250
+So, John Donne, in one of his poems called,
+
+378
+00:27:44,350 --> 00:27:49,710
+Valediction, Forbidding Morning, he compared
+
+379
+00:27:49,710 --> 00:27:54,530
+himself and his wife to the two legs of a compass.
+
+380
+00:27:56,270 --> 00:27:59,790
+And he said, like, you know what is a compass? The
+
+381
+00:27:59,790 --> 00:28:03,370
+two legs of a compass, like here, it's like this.
+
+382
+00:28:07,090 --> 00:28:12,010
+This is a compass, the two legs of a compass. And
+
+383
+00:28:12,010 --> 00:28:16,230
+he said, like, if they are two, they are, they be
+
+384
+00:28:16,230 --> 00:28:18,930
+two. If they be two, they are two. Like twin
+
+385
+00:28:18,930 --> 00:28:23,810
+compasses are two. They are the fixed soul and the
+
+386
+00:28:23,810 --> 00:28:27,490
+fixed thought, you know, makes no show to move,
+
+387
+00:28:27,810 --> 00:28:31,380
+but does the other do. You see what I mean? Like
+
+388
+00:28:31,380 --> 00:28:34,680
+whatever he wants to say, like you and I are like
+
+389
+00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:37,280
+the two legs of a compass. This is very
+
+390
+00:28:37,280 --> 00:28:41,140
+surprising. I think, you know, the surprising
+
+391
+00:28:41,140 --> 00:28:44,080
+thing, you know, if you want to understand the
+
+392
+00:28:44,080 --> 00:28:47,920
+poetry of John Donne, you have to have a
+
+393
+00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:51,760
+calculator. You have to measure. Yes. That's why,
+
+394
+00:28:51,960 --> 00:28:57,300
+you know, John Dryden, a 17th and 18th century
+
+395
+00:28:57,300 --> 00:29:01,480
+poet, said that John Donne should have been
+
+396
+00:29:01,480 --> 00:29:05,670
+hanged. Why? Because he kept perplexing the mind
+
+397
+00:29:05,670 --> 00:29:10,090
+of the fair six, I mean the ladies, by his witty
+
+398
+00:29:10,090 --> 00:29:14,690
+and strange philosophical, you know, speculations
+
+399
+00:29:14,690 --> 00:29:20,830
+and by his conceits, you know? Now, let me, like,
+
+400
+00:29:21,670 --> 00:29:25,950
+in the poem, John Donne was elaborating, was
+
+401
+00:29:25,950 --> 00:29:30,430
+explaining. And, you know, to explain in the
+
+402
+00:29:30,430 --> 00:29:32,450
+metaphysical poetry when they wanted, because
+
+403
+00:29:32,450 --> 00:29:35,390
+sometimes you want to convince the people about
+
+404
+00:29:35,390 --> 00:29:38,330
+the appropriateness of this image, about the
+
+405
+00:29:38,330 --> 00:29:41,370
+aptness of this image, so you have to keep
+
+406
+00:29:41,370 --> 00:29:45,550
+persuading them. How, you know? How come, like,
+
+407
+00:29:45,870 --> 00:29:48,850
+this? You know, once I told my wife, you know,
+
+408
+00:29:48,850 --> 00:29:51,390
+this is personal, you are like the wall. She was
+
+409
+00:29:51,390 --> 00:29:55,990
+upset with me. You know? You are like this wall.
+
+410
+00:29:56,770 --> 00:29:59,530
+But when I told her, no, you are like this wall
+
+411
+00:29:59,530 --> 00:30:02,690
+fixed in my heart, she changed her mind, you know?
+
+412
+00:30:02,890 --> 00:30:06,910
+So, this is what I mean by elaboration. You know?
+
+413
+00:30:07,350 --> 00:30:09,410
+Elaborate. So, at the beginning, it is very
+
+414
+00:30:09,410 --> 00:30:13,250
+strange. But when you elaborate it, it becomes,
+
+415
+00:30:13,290 --> 00:30:17,410
+you know, easily accessible, you know? And then,
+
+416
+00:30:17,650 --> 00:30:19,350
+you know, here, what happened to you when you
+
+417
+00:30:19,350 --> 00:30:24,850
+left? There was a flash here. This is like what we
+
+418
+00:30:24,850 --> 00:30:28,110
+call the flash of the conceit, because the conceit
+
+419
+00:30:28,110 --> 00:30:33,170
+depends on a witty use of language, a witty use of
+
+420
+00:30:33,170 --> 00:30:41,290
+ideas. So let's go to what's the conceit in this
+
+421
+00:30:41,290 --> 00:30:46,310
+one. He said, we are two. If they be two, they are
+
+422
+00:30:46,310 --> 00:30:51,270
+two. Like twin compasses are two. So it is now the
+
+423
+00:30:51,270 --> 00:30:55,470
+conceit is originally either a metaphor or a
+
+424
+00:30:55,470 --> 00:31:00,650
+simile, but it is sustained. It is continued. It
+
+425
+00:31:00,650 --> 00:31:08,310
+runs on the poem. He said, yes, we are two if they
+
+426
+00:31:08,310 --> 00:31:12,050
+want to think of us like two, we are two. Like
+
+427
+00:31:12,050 --> 00:31:14,130
+twin compasses are two.
+
+428
+00:31:17,430 --> 00:31:25,350
+Soul, you know, thy soul, the fixed thought makes
+
+429
+00:31:25,350 --> 00:31:29,630
+no shoe. You are the fixed one. And I'm the one
+
+430
+00:31:29,630 --> 00:31:33,930
+who moves. Like look, this is like women were not
+
+431
+00:31:33,930 --> 00:31:37,790
+happy with this because a woman is always sitting
+
+432
+00:31:37,790 --> 00:31:40,850
+at home and it is the man who was like going
+
+433
+00:31:40,850 --> 00:31:44,130
+roaming here, you know? So you are the fixed
+
+434
+00:31:44,130 --> 00:31:49,400
+thought. And I'm the one who's roaming. But he
+
+435
+00:31:49,400 --> 00:31:53,200
+wanted to say, look, when I go here, you follow
+
+436
+00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:58,880
+me. When I leave England, you keep thinking of me.
+
+437
+00:31:58,980 --> 00:32:01,460
+So you are following me. You are the fixed one,
+
+438
+00:32:01,900 --> 00:32:04,660
+but you always follow me. What he wants to say in
+
+439
+00:32:04,660 --> 00:32:12,340
+this conceit, Although we are physically two, but
+
+440
+00:32:12,340 --> 00:32:17,820
+spiritually one. It is by the virtue of our love.
+
+441
+00:32:18,740 --> 00:32:23,340
+Very strange. Very strange. So those poets were
+
+442
+00:32:23,340 --> 00:32:28,900
+perplexing the mind of other people.
+
+443
+00:32:41,460 --> 00:32:46,720
+Look here. I like what TS Eliot wrote about this.
+
+444
+00:32:47,380 --> 00:32:50,280
+It was, yes, Samuel Johnson who was first called
+
+445
+00:32:50,280 --> 00:32:55,120
+them metaphysical poetry. And, in fact, it was,
+
+446
+00:32:56,180 --> 00:33:00,020
+you know, he named them not out of veneration or
+
+447
+00:33:00,020 --> 00:33:04,940
+respect, but out of irrespect. You know? You know,
+
+448
+00:33:04,980 --> 00:33:08,300
+sometimes when we don't respect people, we say...
+
+449
+00:33:08,300 --> 00:33:13,310
+You know? You know, the... the nasty, you know?
+
+450
+00:33:13,630 --> 00:33:17,510
+And, like, Samuel Johnson, you know, used this,
+
+451
+00:33:17,710 --> 00:33:22,250
+you know, as a kind of disrespect. It was
+
+452
+00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:25,050
+disparaging, the metaphysical, the crazy people,
+
+453
+00:33:25,510 --> 00:33:28,810
+you know? So usually, like, they were turned,
+
+454
+00:33:28,910 --> 00:33:36,550
+like, metaphysical. Why? Because they were... When
+
+455
+00:33:36,550 --> 00:33:41,180
+they wanted to persuade you They tried to yoke
+
+456
+00:33:41,180 --> 00:33:43,040
+together. You know what I mean? Yoke, bring
+
+457
+00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:47,960
+together two things which are not likely to be
+
+458
+00:33:47,960 --> 00:33:52,040
+connected. And that was the cleverness. So they
+
+459
+00:33:52,040 --> 00:33:55,440
+were yoking together heterogeneous ideas.
+
+460
+00:33:56,620 --> 00:33:58,200
+Heterogeneous ideas.
+
+461
+00:34:05,740 --> 00:34:10,380
+Like what Eliot said about, you know, them. Eliot
+
+462
+00:34:10,380 --> 00:34:15,780
+said that those poets were a generation more often
+
+463
+00:34:15,780 --> 00:34:19,440
+named than read, and more often read than
+
+464
+00:34:19,440 --> 00:34:23,960
+profitably studied. Like, they were neglected. He
+
+465
+00:34:23,960 --> 00:34:28,990
+admired them. Because C.S. Eliot was a poet who
+
+466
+00:34:28,990 --> 00:34:35,090
+evaluated poetry of ideas, poetry of strong ideas,
+
+467
+00:34:35,550 --> 00:34:40,330
+of, you know, difficult ideas. And, of course, he
+
+468
+00:34:40,330 --> 00:34:43,310
+thought that, you know, the Middlesex poets were
+
+469
+00:34:43,310 --> 00:34:48,070
+modern because of their conceits and paradoxes.
+
+470
+00:34:51,300 --> 00:34:53,580
+So as you see here, the phrase metaphysical has
+
+471
+00:34:53,580 --> 00:34:56,700
+long done duty as a term of abuse. They were
+
+472
+00:34:56,700 --> 00:35:00,220
+abusing them. It was not a kind of respect.
+
+473
+00:35:09,620 --> 00:35:15,210
+So they had their reputation. because their poetry
+
+474
+00:35:15,210 --> 00:35:19,050
+was very strong. And even though critics continued
+
+475
+00:35:19,050 --> 00:35:24,270
+criticizing them, they were very strong. Here,
+
+476
+00:35:25,070 --> 00:35:27,830
+this is the first characteristic, the wit or the
+
+477
+00:35:27,830 --> 00:35:31,390
+conceit. What is the conceit here? It is a
+
+478
+00:35:31,390 --> 00:35:37,210
+combination of dissimilar images or discovery of
+
+479
+00:35:37,210 --> 00:35:42,270
+occult resemblance. Occult, like you see, it is
+
+480
+00:35:42,270 --> 00:35:44,690
+very, you know, not straightforward. It's the
+
+481
+00:35:44,690 --> 00:35:47,890
+opposite. A resemblance in things apparently
+
+482
+00:35:47,890 --> 00:35:52,590
+unlike. So, like in The Flea, which you gave an
+
+483
+00:35:52,590 --> 00:35:59,010
+example. Here we have a poem. This is The Flea. In
+
+484
+00:35:59,010 --> 00:36:05,020
+fact this poem seems to be you know He talks about
+
+485
+00:36:05,020 --> 00:36:08,600
+what is strange about John Donne. Like, when he
+
+486
+00:36:08,600 --> 00:36:11,080
+was talking about religion, he was talking about
+
+487
+00:36:11,080 --> 00:36:13,900
+religion in terms of love. And when he was talking
+
+488
+00:36:13,900 --> 00:36:17,000
+about love, he was talking about, you know, love
+
+489
+00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:23,300
+in terms of religion. So here, like, he was trying
+
+490
+00:36:23,300 --> 00:36:27,420
+to persuade, you know, like, I don't know, a lady.
+
+491
+00:36:27,980 --> 00:36:32,240
+And he said, you and I are like a flea. You know?
+
+492
+00:36:32,900 --> 00:36:39,240
+So you and I, we are three in one. You and I. Why?
+
+493
+00:36:39,360 --> 00:36:42,860
+Because this flea sucked your blood and it sucked
+
+494
+00:36:42,860 --> 00:36:47,900
+my blood. So we are three in one. But all of this,
+
+495
+00:36:48,620 --> 00:36:52,860
+You know, like what he wanted to say, like, you
+
+496
+00:36:52,860 --> 00:36:56,400
+know, he wanted to express a very central
+
+497
+00:36:56,400 --> 00:37:00,160
+Christian notion of the idea of a Trinity, you
+
+498
+00:37:00,160 --> 00:37:03,400
+know, God three in one. Which, of course, as a
+
+499
+00:37:03,400 --> 00:37:08,840
+Muslim, we don't buy this at all. So he was using
+
+500
+00:37:08,840 --> 00:37:12,380
+this conceit, but he was using it in a very, you
+
+501
+00:37:12,380 --> 00:37:16,080
+know, vulgar manner, in a very, you know, erotic.
+
+502
+00:37:16,360 --> 00:37:20,620
+These are erotic images, you know? So yes, one
+
+503
+00:37:20,620 --> 00:37:23,980
+characteristic of the metaphysical poetry, they
+
+504
+00:37:23,980 --> 00:37:26,040
+were using erotic images.
+
+505
+00:37:30,350 --> 00:37:33,090
+Now, this is better my heart is the poem which we
+
+506
+00:37:33,090 --> 00:37:36,930
+want to study. But of course, the list I have just
+
+507
+00:37:36,930 --> 00:37:40,870
+given you is not complete because there are more
+
+508
+00:37:40,870 --> 00:37:47,610
+characteristics. So I prefer to read this poem and
+
+509
+00:37:47,610 --> 00:37:52,230
+to consider more characteristics after Eid. But I
+
+510
+00:37:52,230 --> 00:37:58,030
+want to read this poem aloud for you And then, you
+
+511
+00:37:58,030 --> 00:38:01,390
+know, you consider how you analyze this and how
+
+512
+00:38:01,390 --> 00:38:03,870
+you prepare it and how you respond for it. Okay?
+
+513
+00:38:05,950 --> 00:38:10,310
+Better my heart, three-person God, for you as yet
+
+514
+00:38:10,310 --> 00:38:14,310
+but not breathe shine and seek to mend that I may
+
+515
+00:38:14,310 --> 00:38:18,190
+rise and stand, overthrow me and bend your force
+
+516
+00:38:18,190 --> 00:38:23,030
+to break, blow, burn, and make me new. I, like an
+
+517
+00:38:23,030 --> 00:38:26,810
+usurped town, to another due? Labor to admit you,
+
+518
+00:38:26,950 --> 00:38:32,410
+but owe to no end? Reason your viceroy in me. Me
+
+519
+00:38:32,410 --> 00:38:36,630
+should defend what is captive and proves weak or
+
+520
+00:38:36,630 --> 00:38:40,750
+untrue? Yet dearly I love you, and would be loved
+
+521
+00:38:40,750 --> 00:38:46,190
+thin. But I'm betrothed into your enemy. Divorce
+
+522
+00:38:46,190 --> 00:38:50,700
+me, untie, break that knot again. Take to me,
+
+523
+00:38:50,900 --> 00:38:57,300
+imprison me, for I accept you, for I accept you
+
+524
+00:38:57,300 --> 00:39:02,140
+enthrall me, never shall be free, nor ever chased,
+
+525
+00:39:03,020 --> 00:39:08,170
+except you ravage me. It could be read, like, also
+
+526
+00:39:08,170 --> 00:39:10,670
+in a different way. It could be read like this. By
+
+527
+00:39:10,670 --> 00:39:13,830
+my heart, three-person God for you as yet but not
+
+528
+00:39:13,830 --> 00:39:17,190
+brave shine and seek to men that I may rise. It
+
+529
+00:39:17,190 --> 00:39:19,670
+could be like something like this. It's very
+
+530
+00:39:19,670 --> 00:39:24,790
+noisy. It's like, you know, like crab. You know?
+
+531
+00:39:25,010 --> 00:39:28,370
+Okay. Divorce me, untie or break that knot again.
+
+532
+00:39:28,970 --> 00:39:33,310
+Take me to you. Imprison me, for I accept. You
+
+533
+00:39:33,310 --> 00:39:36,790
+enthrall me, never shall be free, never chase
+
+534
+00:39:36,790 --> 00:39:39,690
+except you ravage me. So read it, respond to it,
+
+535
+00:39:40,130 --> 00:39:43,170
+and then inshallah after Eid, we're going to
+
+536
+00:39:43,170 --> 00:39:45,730
+consider this, reconsider, we are going to
+
+537
+00:39:45,730 --> 00:39:49,510
+reconsider. Thank you for listening. I wish you a
+
+538
+00:39:49,510 --> 00:39:52,510
+happy Eid. I wish you enjoy your Eid as I
+
+539
+00:39:52,510 --> 00:39:56,010
+recommended. Enjoy your Eid, and then study hard.
+
+540
+00:39:56,390 --> 00:39:56,870
+Thanks a lot.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/oQi9wbL59jc_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2160 @@
+1
+00:00:13,520 --> 00:00:18,100
+Okay, good morning everybody I have to repeat this
+
+2
+00:00:18,100 --> 00:00:25,200
+several times, huh? Are you excited like Eid
+
+3
+00:00:25,200 --> 00:00:26,720
+holiday is imminent?
+
+4
+00:00:30,610 --> 00:00:36,690
+Have you plans for the holiday? Because usually we
+
+5
+00:00:36,690 --> 00:00:41,800
+do not plan. And because we do not plan, We feel
+
+6
+00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:46,380
+very sorry because we have not used, made use of
+
+7
+00:00:46,380 --> 00:00:50,980
+time. So I think I strongly recommend that you try
+
+8
+00:00:50,980 --> 00:00:55,480
+to plan your time. It's a long vacation. I think,
+
+9
+00:00:55,560 --> 00:00:57,860
+you know, you have, first of all, you have to
+
+10
+00:00:57,860 --> 00:01:02,020
+enjoy yourself at Eid. Do not like busy yourself.
+
+11
+00:01:02,700 --> 00:01:06,320
+doing things, reading during the Eid because of
+
+12
+00:01:06,320 --> 00:01:09,560
+the midterm exam, I strongly recommend that you
+
+13
+00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:13,340
+enjoy yourself. However, like after Eid, you have
+
+14
+00:01:13,340 --> 00:01:21,460
+to plan and to work very hard. Anyway, today we
+
+15
+00:01:21,460 --> 00:01:25,380
+are going to see, it is an introductory lecture to
+
+16
+00:01:25,380 --> 00:01:28,460
+metaphysical poetry because today we're not
+
+17
+00:01:28,460 --> 00:01:32,530
+studying John Donne. So it's going to be a little
+
+18
+00:01:32,530 --> 00:01:36,490
+bit historical background, social background, and
+
+19
+00:01:36,490 --> 00:01:40,610
+perhaps general characteristics of the Metzgal
+
+20
+00:01:40,610 --> 00:01:47,630
+poetry. But before we start this, as usual, I need
+
+21
+00:01:47,630 --> 00:01:51,610
+a report. You read last time, I think. So we need,
+
+22
+00:01:52,010 --> 00:01:53,030
+yes, the lady there.
+
+23
+00:02:01,650 --> 00:02:04,530
+Okay, you just come here. Good morning everybody,
+
+24
+00:02:04,690 --> 00:02:10,930
+how are you? Daily report, actually this week I
+
+25
+00:02:10,930 --> 00:02:13,270
+suffered a lot and till this moment I feel
+
+26
+00:02:13,270 --> 00:02:15,610
+confused and stressed because of my crowded
+
+27
+00:02:15,610 --> 00:02:18,810
+schedule of the unfinished exams. So my
+
+28
+00:02:18,810 --> 00:02:21,170
+psychological condition is too bad because of
+
+29
+00:02:21,170 --> 00:02:24,440
+these exams and due crowded schedule of study
+
+30
+00:02:24,440 --> 00:02:28,000
+works. Believe me or not, before two days I began
+
+31
+00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:30,040
+to weep and my tears began to fall down
+
+32
+00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:34,380
+continuously and I began to seem like a mad one,
+
+33
+00:02:34,720 --> 00:02:38,000
+like a mad person because of these bad conditions.
+
+34
+00:02:38,280 --> 00:02:40,860
+Coming back to the pottery class actually although
+
+35
+00:02:40,860 --> 00:02:45,180
+yesterday I was busy in studying because of the
+
+36
+00:02:45,180 --> 00:02:49,620
+today's exam and I was pressured and confused. I
+
+37
+00:02:49,620 --> 00:02:53,640
+felt all these issues, I left all these issues and
+
+38
+00:02:53,640 --> 00:02:56,100
+decided to think about what is suitable for the
+
+39
+00:02:56,100 --> 00:02:59,060
+report of the previous lecture. Consequently, I
+
+40
+00:02:59,060 --> 00:03:01,680
+remembered the lecture with some happiness. As
+
+41
+00:03:01,680 --> 00:03:04,300
+usual, it began by saying the daily report and
+
+42
+00:03:04,300 --> 00:03:07,100
+after that, the teacher gave us an obvious
+
+43
+00:03:07,100 --> 00:03:12,300
+explanation about the two poems of Shakespeare and
+
+44
+00:03:12,300 --> 00:03:15,880
+he ordered us to compare between them after giving
+
+45
+00:03:15,880 --> 00:03:19,580
+us the aesthetic elements in both poems. Okay,
+
+46
+00:03:19,660 --> 00:03:22,240
+thank you very much. And it's good like you have
+
+47
+00:03:22,240 --> 00:03:25,700
+the report as event out. I know like a lot of
+
+48
+00:03:25,700 --> 00:03:28,660
+students are pressured because of the midterm
+
+49
+00:03:28,660 --> 00:03:35,520
+exam, but you should know that midterm exams are
+
+50
+00:03:35,520 --> 00:03:39,120
+given under the pressure of classes and lectures.
+
+51
+00:03:40,000 --> 00:03:44,570
+So those who do not come to class Because of
+
+52
+00:03:44,570 --> 00:03:47,910
+midterm, a midterm, for me, it's like, you know,
+
+53
+00:03:47,970 --> 00:03:50,250
+cheating, you know, it's not like, honestly,
+
+54
+00:03:50,510 --> 00:03:54,790
+because, you know, we know that we want to test
+
+55
+00:03:54,790 --> 00:03:57,950
+you when you are having a lot of lectures,
+
+56
+00:03:58,170 --> 00:04:01,810
+classes, how you function, you function well or
+
+57
+00:04:01,810 --> 00:04:06,090
+you need time. Have, if you like are a good time
+
+58
+00:04:06,090 --> 00:04:08,570
+manager, you don't have a problem. But if you are
+
+59
+00:04:08,570 --> 00:04:14,440
+not, you'll be in trouble. Okay. I need another
+
+60
+00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:20,180
+report, another creative report. Creative. Let's
+
+61
+00:04:20,180 --> 00:04:21,420
+see. Okay.
+
+62
+00:04:32,220 --> 00:04:35,640
+But people will envy you because you have read
+
+63
+00:04:35,640 --> 00:04:42,630
+like several times. Okay, go ahead. Shakespeare's
+
+64
+00:04:42,630 --> 00:04:45,330
+words, of which he's so proud, whistled through my
+
+65
+00:04:45,330 --> 00:04:48,050
+head like rough wind so loud. He was right,
+
+66
+00:04:48,170 --> 00:04:50,970
+though, five decades on, and his words still flow.
+
+67
+00:04:51,390 --> 00:04:54,430
+Through paper and pen, the words remain so. And in
+
+68
+00:04:54,430 --> 00:04:57,430
+poetry class, his immortality does show. And I,
+
+69
+00:04:57,530 --> 00:05:00,590
+for one, I am one to know. Wow. Thank you very
+
+70
+00:05:00,590 --> 00:05:04,850
+much. Clap for her. So this is like, yes, it's
+
+71
+00:05:04,850 --> 00:05:10,740
+very creative. Good. I know a lot of you wrote
+
+72
+00:05:10,740 --> 00:05:15,460
+even more creative reports, but if anybody is
+
+73
+00:05:15,460 --> 00:05:19,720
+dying to read, I don't mind. If she feels she has
+
+74
+00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:23,860
+a wonderful report, I don't mind. She can read.
+
+75
+00:05:25,940 --> 00:05:32,520
+Okay, so, metrical poetry. What have you prepared
+
+76
+00:05:32,520 --> 00:05:35,400
+for us? It's a good question. What have you
+
+77
+00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:38,380
+prepared for us? Don't tell me fish and chips.
+
+78
+00:05:39,980 --> 00:05:44,020
+This has nothing to do with metaphysical poetry.
+
+79
+00:05:45,080 --> 00:05:47,160
+I'll be telling you the joke of fish and chips
+
+80
+00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:52,900
+later. Okay, metaphysical poetry, I don't know.
+
+81
+00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:59,580
+The term itself seems to be tough, metaphysical.
+
+82
+00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:04,240
+What is physical to say metaphysical? Okay, the
+
+83
+00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:08,040
+metaphysicals, you know, even like Amal say the
+
+84
+00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:11,020
+metaphysicals, you know? She's complicating it
+
+85
+00:06:11,020 --> 00:06:14,680
+more and more. Yes, what do you want to tell me?
+
+86
+00:06:14,940 --> 00:06:22,660
+Like, speak. Metaphysical poets? Yes. I'm ready to
+
+87
+00:06:22,660 --> 00:06:23,420
+listen. Yes, please.
+
+88
+00:06:28,010 --> 00:06:32,770
+Things that are beyond nature. Yeah, so you are
+
+89
+00:06:32,770 --> 00:06:36,190
+just like looking at metaphysical, something
+
+90
+00:06:36,190 --> 00:06:40,390
+beyond the physical. Yes, they were concerned with
+
+91
+00:06:40,390 --> 00:06:45,330
+highly philosophical issues. Man's relation with
+
+92
+00:06:45,330 --> 00:06:50,410
+God, man's experience in life, man's, you know,
+
+93
+00:06:50,610 --> 00:06:57,670
+like, relation with death, love, which is a
+
+94
+00:06:57,670 --> 00:07:01,630
+general issue, love to God, love to human beings,
+
+95
+00:07:01,850 --> 00:07:03,470
+yes. Yes.
+
+96
+00:07:07,830 --> 00:07:11,730
+I want to say that there's, at the time, it wasn't
+
+97
+00:07:11,730 --> 00:07:14,250
+really very spread and it wasn't very much read.
+
+98
+00:07:14,750 --> 00:07:17,930
+And it later became very prominent and analyzed.
+
+99
+00:07:18,050 --> 00:07:20,270
+But at the time, it was the time of religious,
+
+100
+00:07:20,610 --> 00:07:22,550
+like there were a lot of religious beliefs and
+
+101
+00:07:22,550 --> 00:07:24,610
+there were the Puritan. Yeah, thank you very much.
+
+102
+00:07:24,670 --> 00:07:29,170
+Yes. Like the mythical poets were elitist. Yes.
+
+103
+00:07:29,590 --> 00:07:32,560
+They were not writing for You know, they were not
+
+104
+00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:35,060
+like Shakespeare, Spencer, and others. They were
+
+105
+00:07:35,060 --> 00:07:39,680
+not writing for the common people. They were
+
+106
+00:07:39,680 --> 00:07:43,620
+elitist. They were highly educated. And, you know,
+
+107
+00:07:43,740 --> 00:07:47,320
+they were a little bit chauvinistic because they
+
+108
+00:07:47,320 --> 00:07:51,560
+wanted to show that they were, you know, very
+
+109
+00:07:51,560 --> 00:07:56,920
+good. So their poetry was inaccessible for lay
+
+110
+00:07:56,920 --> 00:08:00,740
+people, for ordinary people. Their poetry was very
+
+111
+00:08:00,740 --> 00:08:05,080
+difficult. They used their wit, their mind, their
+
+112
+00:08:05,080 --> 00:08:10,900
+intellect to write poetry. That's why they were
+
+113
+00:08:10,900 --> 00:08:17,640
+not popular. And you know what? It is only just in
+
+114
+00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:21,440
+20th century, like it was T.S. Eliot who brought
+
+115
+00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:28,920
+them to surface. Samuel Johnson was the critic who
+
+116
+00:08:28,920 --> 00:08:32,100
+was first called them the mythical poets. But you
+
+117
+00:08:32,100 --> 00:08:34,440
+mentioned the religious because it's very
+
+118
+00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:38,380
+important to talk about the religious background.
+
+119
+00:08:41,980 --> 00:08:51,550
+In 1603, Elizabeth died, and James I, the first
+
+120
+00:08:51,550 --> 00:08:57,510
+king from the Stuart family, because Elizabeth was
+
+121
+00:08:57,510 --> 00:09:01,270
+Tudor. So we're talking about dynasty, it's a
+
+122
+00:09:01,270 --> 00:09:04,970
+different dynasty. James Stuart I, who was of
+
+123
+00:09:04,970 --> 00:09:10,560
+Scottish origin, If you remember, when Shakespeare
+
+124
+00:09:10,560 --> 00:09:13,560
+wrote Macbeth, he was complimenting him, he was
+
+125
+00:09:13,560 --> 00:09:17,160
+flattering him, like he was a descendant of, you
+
+126
+00:09:17,160 --> 00:09:19,700
+know, the Scottish, of Banquo, if you remember.
+
+127
+00:09:20,640 --> 00:09:26,560
+Like this, King was religious, and he was
+
+128
+00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:32,440
+accredited for translating the Bible, you know,
+
+129
+00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:36,160
+the authorized version of the Bible. So during his
+
+130
+00:09:36,160 --> 00:09:41,220
+time, The Bible was widely read because before,
+
+131
+00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:43,920
+you know, he translated it, you know, from Latin
+
+132
+00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:48,660
+into English, you know, a few people like the
+
+133
+00:09:48,660 --> 00:09:51,400
+Bible was limited to a few people. But when it
+
+134
+00:09:51,400 --> 00:09:54,560
+became translated in English, so a lot of people
+
+135
+00:09:54,560 --> 00:09:58,130
+started reading the Bible. And when you see a lot
+
+136
+00:09:58,130 --> 00:10:02,750
+of people start to read, it means they become very
+
+137
+00:10:02,750 --> 00:10:07,370
+religious and the arguments, the controversy
+
+138
+00:10:07,370 --> 00:10:15,210
+start. And this is what happened in that
+
+139
+00:10:15,210 --> 00:10:20,310
+century. So the religious tension began to
+
+140
+00:10:20,310 --> 00:10:24,410
+increase mainly between the Catholic and the
+
+141
+00:10:24,410 --> 00:10:31,970
+Protestant. And even in, you know, 1605, there
+
+142
+00:10:31,970 --> 00:10:36,970
+was, you know, the Catholic were trying to blow up
+
+143
+00:10:36,970 --> 00:10:41,790
+the parliament and kill the king. You know, it was
+
+144
+00:10:41,790 --> 00:10:46,780
+called the Gunpowder Plot. the gunpowder which was
+
+145
+00:10:46,780 --> 00:10:52,020
+referred in Macbeth. But James was very tough with
+
+146
+00:10:52,020 --> 00:10:59,000
+them and he put a lot of them in prison. The
+
+147
+00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:05,700
+Catholic were not treated very well. They did not
+
+148
+00:11:05,700 --> 00:11:09,480
+have their rights or they did not have their
+
+149
+00:11:09,480 --> 00:11:12,980
+rights in employment. I mean, their social rights,
+
+150
+00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:15,060
+they were denied their social rights because of
+
+151
+00:11:15,060 --> 00:11:19,560
+their creed. This one thing. Another thing, on the
+
+152
+00:11:19,560 --> 00:11:22,140
+other side, the Protestant themselves had some
+
+153
+00:11:22,140 --> 00:11:26,420
+argument among themselves and the Protestant, some
+
+154
+00:11:26,420 --> 00:11:29,620
+of them were very radical, very extremist called
+
+155
+00:11:29,620 --> 00:11:34,070
+the Puritans. Those Puritans wanted the king to
+
+156
+00:11:34,070 --> 00:11:38,590
+change more. They wanted to press him to change
+
+157
+00:11:38,590 --> 00:11:42,850
+more, to clean the English church out of the
+
+158
+00:11:42,850 --> 00:11:46,090
+Catholic, you know, churches. So they were
+
+159
+00:11:46,090 --> 00:11:49,090
+pulling, you know, to the extreme. And the king
+
+160
+00:11:49,090 --> 00:11:53,170
+wanted, like, to be in the middle. What happened,
+
+161
+00:11:53,290 --> 00:11:58,210
+like, as a result, He, you know, kicked them out,
+
+162
+00:11:58,430 --> 00:12:02,610
+like about 3,000 of them. They were deported to
+
+163
+00:12:02,610 --> 00:12:10,450
+Holland, like it was in 1620, something like this,
+
+164
+00:12:11,210 --> 00:12:17,690
+1618, 1819. They were, you know, deported to
+
+165
+00:12:17,690 --> 00:12:21,530
+Holland. And, you know, after one year, they
+
+166
+00:12:21,530 --> 00:12:24,610
+started their journey to America. And they settled
+
+167
+00:12:24,610 --> 00:12:28,250
+in Massachusetts, mainly in Jamestown. And this is
+
+168
+00:12:28,250 --> 00:12:31,490
+how, like, of course, America was explored before
+
+169
+00:12:31,490 --> 00:12:35,150
+that. America after Marlowe and, you know, when
+
+170
+00:12:35,150 --> 00:12:37,010
+Marlowe was writing Come Love With Me, when
+
+171
+00:12:37,010 --> 00:12:38,790
+Spencer was writing, America was already
+
+172
+00:12:38,790 --> 00:12:42,310
+discovered. And, like, you know, the literature of
+
+173
+00:12:42,310 --> 00:12:45,730
+that time was promoting people to go to America.
+
+174
+00:12:46,410 --> 00:12:50,710
+So here we have the first, you know, American
+
+175
+00:12:50,710 --> 00:12:54,110
+settlement or the first English settlement. which
+
+176
+00:12:54,110 --> 00:12:58,050
+was started by the British themselves on the east
+
+177
+00:12:58,050 --> 00:13:02,030
+coast, the northeast coast in Massachusetts, a
+
+178
+00:13:02,030 --> 00:13:07,210
+settlement called Jamestown Settlement. So that
+
+179
+00:13:07,210 --> 00:13:11,760
+was the atmosphere. This atmosphere continued, you
+
+180
+00:13:11,760 --> 00:13:14,500
+know, to be complicated more and more until
+
+181
+00:13:14,500 --> 00:13:18,940
+England became in 1942 in a state of civil war.
+
+182
+00:13:19,620 --> 00:13:22,980
+There was a civil war. This continued, this civil
+
+183
+00:13:22,980 --> 00:13:30,060
+war continued until 19, sorry, 1651. What
+
+184
+00:13:30,060 --> 00:13:36,390
+happened, you know, because in, I think, In 1635,
+
+185
+00:13:36,690 --> 00:13:42,690
+King James died, and Charles I, his son, took
+
+186
+00:13:42,690 --> 00:13:50,050
+over. He was a weak king. And during his time, the
+
+187
+00:13:50,050 --> 00:13:54,910
+Civil War broke out. This is a bit history. It
+
+188
+00:13:54,910 --> 00:13:58,530
+helps us in having a good background to study the
+
+189
+00:13:58,530 --> 00:14:03,830
+metaphysical poetry. You know, there was a civil
+
+190
+00:14:03,830 --> 00:14:07,590
+war. Of course, the civil war was very bitter. A
+
+191
+00:14:07,590 --> 00:14:09,410
+lot of people died. A lot of people were
+
+192
+00:14:09,410 --> 00:14:13,990
+imprisoned for their faith. So it was an age of
+
+193
+00:14:13,990 --> 00:14:17,090
+certainty. This 17th century, it was an urge of,
+
+194
+00:14:17,190 --> 00:14:25,110
+you know, change. And what happened in 1651,
+
+195
+00:14:25,790 --> 00:14:32,720
+the king was executed. similar to Gaddafi, you
+
+196
+00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:38,760
+know. He was executed. And England was, you know,
+
+197
+00:14:38,860 --> 00:14:42,900
+declared as a republic for the first time in its
+
+198
+00:14:42,900 --> 00:14:48,700
+history. It was a republic in 1651,
+
+199
+00:14:49,160 --> 00:14:53,020
+and this continued to 1661.
+
+200
+00:14:54,060 --> 00:14:56,700
+England was governed by the Republican, by the
+
+201
+00:14:56,700 --> 00:14:59,970
+parliamentarians, who were very tough. Their
+
+202
+00:14:59,970 --> 00:15:03,750
+leader was Cromwell. Those are similar to those
+
+203
+00:15:03,750 --> 00:15:05,910
+people who went to America. They were hardliners
+
+204
+00:15:05,910 --> 00:15:07,730
+people, very extremist.
+
+205
+00:15:12,110 --> 00:15:17,750
+Who was, do you think, the assistant of Cromwell?
+
+206
+00:15:21,010 --> 00:15:23,550
+Yeah, the assistant. The Latin assistant of
+
+207
+00:15:23,550 --> 00:15:27,290
+Cromwell was John Milton, the famous English poet.
+
+208
+00:15:28,220 --> 00:15:34,540
+you know, who was a poet and a legislator. Of
+
+209
+00:15:34,540 --> 00:15:37,960
+course, like, they continued governing England. He
+
+210
+00:15:37,960 --> 00:15:42,200
+was like the media or, you know, you could say the
+
+211
+00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:47,600
+spokesman of the whole ideology. He, you know,
+
+212
+00:15:47,660 --> 00:15:51,460
+made many legislation in marriage and divorce law,
+
+213
+00:15:51,520 --> 00:15:57,490
+you see? So he was very active. But in 1661, the
+
+214
+00:15:57,490 --> 00:16:01,990
+parliament again voted and they restored the king
+
+215
+00:16:01,990 --> 00:16:10,210
+from France. And Charles II, and this is what we
+
+216
+00:16:10,210 --> 00:16:16,090
+call the restoration period. So from 1661 onward,
+
+217
+00:16:16,910 --> 00:16:19,830
+this is what is called in English history, the
+
+218
+00:16:19,830 --> 00:16:24,490
+restoration period. the Restoration Period, the
+
+219
+00:16:24,490 --> 00:16:27,950
+Augustan Age, the Age of Reason, like all these
+
+220
+00:16:27,950 --> 00:16:33,450
+names were applying to that, and, you know, the
+
+221
+00:16:33,450 --> 00:16:38,400
+Neoclassical Age. It was an age. in which like
+
+222
+00:16:38,400 --> 00:16:42,640
+emotion, sentiments, feelings, poetry, you know,
+
+223
+00:16:42,860 --> 00:16:45,540
+were dismissed. They didn't appreciate poetry.
+
+224
+00:16:45,760 --> 00:16:48,580
+They didn't appreciate imagination. They didn't
+
+225
+00:16:48,580 --> 00:16:53,820
+appreciate this. So poetry had to meet certain
+
+226
+00:16:53,820 --> 00:16:57,070
+rules and regulations. It was not like
+
+227
+00:16:57,070 --> 00:17:01,290
+Shakespeare, festive, lyrical. So poetry was
+
+228
+00:17:01,290 --> 00:17:07,130
+didactic. Poetry was satirical. And those, the
+
+229
+00:17:07,130 --> 00:17:10,950
+famous poets of, you know, that time, I mean,
+
+230
+00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:17,020
+where Alexander Pope and John Dryden. They are
+
+231
+00:17:17,020 --> 00:17:18,900
+missing in our course, you know, we're not
+
+232
+00:17:18,900 --> 00:17:22,600
+teaching them, but we'll start from the pre
+
+233
+00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:26,820
+-romantic, from William Blake and the Romantics.
+
+234
+00:17:27,680 --> 00:17:31,840
+So this is a bit of history about the 17th
+
+235
+00:17:31,840 --> 00:17:35,020
+century. Thank you for introducing this. So you
+
+236
+00:17:35,020 --> 00:17:38,560
+could say it was an age of uncertainty. But we
+
+237
+00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:43,340
+should know also, in spite of this, England was
+
+238
+00:17:43,340 --> 00:17:49,830
+progressing in the field of research in the field
+
+239
+00:17:49,830 --> 00:17:54,750
+of academia, I mean, you know, scientific. It was
+
+240
+00:17:54,750 --> 00:17:58,430
+progressing, you know, in chemistry, in, you know,
+
+241
+00:17:58,470 --> 00:18:00,470
+physics, in, you know, there were many
+
+242
+00:18:00,470 --> 00:18:03,850
+explorations. New continents were explored. So it
+
+243
+00:18:03,850 --> 00:18:07,230
+was the age of exploration. It was the age of
+
+244
+00:18:07,230 --> 00:18:11,110
+expansion. And it was the age of scientific
+
+245
+00:18:11,110 --> 00:18:16,970
+progress. So it... Everything was changing. So new
+
+246
+00:18:16,970 --> 00:18:20,450
+theories, even new theories about the Earth, about
+
+247
+00:18:20,450 --> 00:18:24,350
+our reality changed. So those poets, I mean, the
+
+248
+00:18:24,350 --> 00:18:28,390
+mythical poets were writing in an age which was
+
+249
+00:18:28,390 --> 00:18:32,010
+characterized by a great deal of uncertainty. So
+
+250
+00:18:32,010 --> 00:18:35,630
+all theories about the world being, you know,
+
+251
+00:18:36,050 --> 00:18:40,690
+like, flat have changed now. And everything, man's
+
+252
+00:18:40,690 --> 00:18:44,610
+relation with God, like, has been reconsidered.
+
+253
+00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:50,180
+So this is a bit of history. Let me listen to you.
+
+254
+00:18:50,300 --> 00:18:52,320
+If you like, speak, tell me, I explain. You know,
+
+255
+00:18:52,380 --> 00:18:55,180
+this is me, you know? So, what have you prepared
+
+256
+00:18:55,180 --> 00:18:57,360
+for us? Yes?
+
+257
+00:19:00,500 --> 00:19:05,840
+Yes, so you are referring to the metaphysical
+
+258
+00:19:05,840 --> 00:19:11,160
+poets, yes? Now, we're dealing with a generation.
+
+259
+00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:15,790
+Now, in fact, The 17th century was not the century
+
+260
+00:19:15,790 --> 00:19:21,750
+of the metaphysical poets. We have three groups of
+
+261
+00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:28,300
+poets. We have the metaphysical poets. We have the
+
+262
+00:19:28,300 --> 00:19:32,760
+cavalier poets, the cavalier, and we have the
+
+263
+00:19:32,760 --> 00:19:35,960
+followers of Ben Jonson. So we have the medical
+
+264
+00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:40,160
+who were writing in the fashion of John Donne. We
+
+265
+00:19:40,160 --> 00:19:45,400
+have the cavalier who were writing in the fashion
+
+266
+00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:48,420
+of George Herbert. And we have the traditional one
+
+267
+00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:53,390
+who were writing in the fashion of Ben Jonson. The
+
+268
+00:19:53,390 --> 00:19:56,730
+most obtruse and difficult were the military
+
+269
+00:19:56,730 --> 00:20:01,230
+poets. The cavalier poets were a little bit
+
+270
+00:20:01,230 --> 00:20:07,630
+hedonistic. They were bohemian. Their life was not
+
+271
+00:20:07,630 --> 00:20:10,150
+a life of austerity. They wanted to enjoy their
+
+272
+00:20:10,150 --> 00:20:13,210
+life. They wanted to enjoy their life before they
+
+273
+00:20:13,210 --> 00:20:18,690
+die. Philosophy of life depended on enjoying your
+
+274
+00:20:18,690 --> 00:20:21,910
+life before you die, and that was called the theme
+
+275
+00:20:21,910 --> 00:20:24,650
+of Carpe Diem. These terms, I'm going to write
+
+276
+00:20:24,650 --> 00:20:29,470
+them for you later. But just I'm introducing them.
+
+277
+00:20:31,510 --> 00:20:34,870
+Now, the metaphysical poets were poets who wrote
+
+278
+00:20:34,870 --> 00:20:38,990
+in a different style. Yes, they were difficult
+
+279
+00:20:38,990 --> 00:20:42,410
+because of their argument. What's wrong with their
+
+280
+00:20:42,410 --> 00:20:42,790
+argument?
+
+281
+00:20:49,030 --> 00:20:54,670
+Yes, so like, you know, they were argumentative. I
+
+282
+00:20:54,670 --> 00:20:57,710
+mean, they introduced an argument, a thesis, and
+
+283
+00:20:57,710 --> 00:21:01,740
+they continued you know, elaborating it, arguing,
+
+284
+00:21:01,960 --> 00:21:07,140
+until they convince us about their point of view.
+
+285
+00:21:07,440 --> 00:21:09,920
+So they were arguing. They were introducing
+
+286
+00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:13,220
+arguing, and usually when they introduce the
+
+287
+00:21:13,220 --> 00:21:20,760
+argument, you know, it was very abrupt. So, for
+
+288
+00:21:20,760 --> 00:21:24,160
+example, John Donne, when John Donne started his
+
+289
+00:21:24,160 --> 00:21:28,850
+poetry, he started like, you know, in a very
+
+290
+00:21:28,850 --> 00:21:32,590
+abrupt, like, go and catch, you know, the falling
+
+291
+00:21:32,590 --> 00:21:37,350
+star or, like, the sun rising. The opening of the
+
+292
+00:21:37,350 --> 00:21:41,490
+sun rising is very, you know, abrupt. The opening
+
+293
+00:21:41,490 --> 00:21:45,110
+of valediction forbidding is very abrupt. Abrupt
+
+294
+00:21:45,110 --> 00:21:49,470
+like sudden, you know. Yes. Isn't John Donne a
+
+295
+00:21:49,470 --> 00:21:53,850
+romantic poet? No, John Donne was a metaphysical
+
+296
+00:21:53,850 --> 00:21:54,910
+poet. He was
+
+297
+00:21:57,990 --> 00:22:02,970
+No, no, no, no. No, we don't like, he was, no,
+
+298
+00:22:03,190 --> 00:22:08,610
+huh? No, no romanticism. You know, the issue of
+
+299
+00:22:08,610 --> 00:22:10,550
+romanticism is a little bit different, you know?
+
+300
+00:22:10,890 --> 00:22:13,550
+Once we approach romanticism, we want to talk
+
+301
+00:22:13,550 --> 00:22:21,870
+about it in a different way. Good. Yes, their
+
+302
+00:22:21,870 --> 00:22:24,230
+poetry was difficult. Their poetry was
+
+303
+00:22:24,230 --> 00:22:29,750
+characterized by you know, by imagery which was
+
+304
+00:22:29,750 --> 00:22:34,810
+drawn from Not the roses, not the summer, but it
+
+305
+00:22:34,810 --> 00:22:39,810
+was drawn from chemistry, from, you know, from
+
+306
+00:22:39,810 --> 00:22:44,410
+physics, from astronomy, astrology. So yes, they
+
+307
+00:22:44,410 --> 00:22:47,310
+were referring, the images were drawn from the
+
+308
+00:22:47,310 --> 00:22:50,350
+emergent field of knowledge during that time.
+
+309
+00:22:53,690 --> 00:22:56,550
+Yes, okay, we'll talk about the conceit, the
+
+310
+00:22:56,550 --> 00:23:02,940
+paradoxes, you know, in a moment. Yes. Okay, let's
+
+311
+00:23:02,940 --> 00:23:05,740
+see. Now, I don't want to keep asking you. Let's
+
+312
+00:23:05,740 --> 00:23:09,300
+see here, what do we have? As you say, in
+
+313
+00:23:09,300 --> 00:23:13,120
+metaphysical poetry, Amal started by just
+
+314
+00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:17,960
+arranging this. As you see here, we have strange
+
+315
+00:23:17,960 --> 00:23:22,300
+heterogeneous ideas. like ideas which are
+
+316
+00:23:22,300 --> 00:23:25,380
+heterogeneous, not homogeneous. And she's
+
+317
+00:23:25,380 --> 00:23:32,120
+referring to man's relationship with God. So John
+
+318
+00:23:32,120 --> 00:23:35,480
+Donne was talking to God as if he was talking to a
+
+319
+00:23:35,480 --> 00:23:35,840
+person.
+
+320
+00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:42,700
+Surprising and unexpected beginning, like, butter
+
+321
+00:23:42,700 --> 00:23:46,360
+my heart, three-person God. A man is starting by
+
+322
+00:23:46,360 --> 00:23:48,580
+asking God to butter his heart.
+
+323
+00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:55,760
+Okay? You know, riddles, like their poetry is like
+
+324
+00:23:55,760 --> 00:23:58,180
+riddles because, you know, you have something
+
+325
+00:23:58,180 --> 00:24:01,960
+like, we are two but we are one. You know, it's
+
+326
+00:24:01,960 --> 00:24:05,140
+like a riddle. How come you are, you know, they
+
+327
+00:24:05,140 --> 00:24:09,220
+invite you to think how, you know, and in Andrew
+
+328
+00:24:09,220 --> 00:24:12,360
+Marvell, look, Andrew Marvell, he says at the end
+
+329
+00:24:12,360 --> 00:24:16,080
+of his coy mistress, his coy mistress, though we
+
+330
+00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:20,380
+cannot make ours, we cannot stop our son, but we
+
+331
+00:24:20,380 --> 00:24:26,800
+can make it run. How can you, you know, you can't
+
+332
+00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:30,770
+stop The sun, but you can make it run. How? Can
+
+333
+00:24:30,770 --> 00:24:34,250
+you tell me? Yeah, it's very strange, isn't it?
+
+334
+00:24:34,370 --> 00:24:37,110
+It's like a riddle. You know, it's like a riddle.
+
+335
+00:24:37,290 --> 00:24:40,270
+How can't you make the sun? And this is like the,
+
+336
+00:24:40,770 --> 00:24:44,170
+this is a paradox, of course. Yeah, it is very
+
+337
+00:24:44,170 --> 00:24:47,610
+perplexing. I don't know. Of course, this is the
+
+338
+00:24:47,610 --> 00:24:51,110
+paradox is easy. But when it comes to the conceit,
+
+339
+00:24:51,230 --> 00:24:55,850
+it is more obtruse. It's more complicated. And in
+
+340
+00:24:55,850 --> 00:25:01,090
+a moment, I'll be talking about the conceit. So
+
+341
+00:25:01,090 --> 00:25:06,970
+how come you cannot stop your son, but you can
+
+342
+00:25:06,970 --> 00:25:11,090
+make it run? I'm telling you because, in fact, to
+
+343
+00:25:11,090 --> 00:25:16,110
+his co-mistress, which is very vulgar and you're
+
+344
+00:25:16,110 --> 00:25:20,170
+not going to study it, At the end, he was like
+
+345
+00:25:20,170 --> 00:25:23,510
+inviting, you know, or he wanted to enjoy his
+
+346
+00:25:23,510 --> 00:25:26,930
+life. So he was trying to persuade, you know, a
+
+347
+00:25:26,930 --> 00:25:30,870
+lady to enjoy his life. But she was, you know,
+
+348
+00:25:30,950 --> 00:25:34,450
+adamant. So in the poem, he said, we cannot, yes,
+
+349
+00:25:34,530 --> 00:25:37,590
+we cannot stop. We don't have control over our
+
+350
+00:25:37,590 --> 00:25:41,070
+life. We cannot stop, you know, the sun, the time
+
+351
+00:25:41,070 --> 00:25:43,740
+itself. Because we cannot stop. We have no
+
+352
+00:25:43,740 --> 00:25:46,560
+control, but we can make it run. By enjoying
+
+353
+00:25:46,560 --> 00:25:49,780
+ourselves, we can make it run. See what I mean? So
+
+354
+00:25:49,780 --> 00:25:53,280
+this is the paradox. Okay? We, by enjoying
+
+355
+00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:58,810
+ourselves, we can make our son run. I don't know,
+
+356
+00:25:59,010 --> 00:26:03,770
+all these are epithets which apply for, yes,
+
+357
+00:26:04,030 --> 00:26:07,930
+surprise, strange ideas, surprising or unexpected,
+
+358
+00:26:08,670 --> 00:26:12,470
+you know, unexpected beginning,
+
+359
+00:26:13,230 --> 00:26:16,390
+you know, of the poems.
+
+360
+00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:24,300
+Poetry and verses, they don't have this smooth
+
+361
+00:26:24,300 --> 00:26:29,920
+lyrical tone. Their poetry is harsh, you know? It
+
+362
+00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:33,880
+is harsh. It is very noisy, like what we are going
+
+363
+00:26:33,880 --> 00:26:38,200
+to see in Butter My Heart. Blow, burn, boo, boo,
+
+364
+00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:42,320
+you know? It's like very noisy poetry, you know?
+
+365
+00:26:44,590 --> 00:26:47,890
+They are exaggerating, they are revolutionary, far
+
+366
+00:26:47,890 --> 00:26:52,370
+-fetched, it's the conceit itself. What is the
+
+367
+00:26:52,370 --> 00:26:56,030
+conceit? The conceit is what?
+
+368
+00:26:58,950 --> 00:27:02,410
+What is a conceit? Do you have an example of a
+
+369
+00:27:02,410 --> 00:27:02,770
+conceit?
+
+370
+00:27:06,230 --> 00:27:08,850
+The flea, okay. I don't want to like to talk about
+
+371
+00:27:08,850 --> 00:27:11,830
+the flea, but I want like to give you an example
+
+372
+00:27:11,830 --> 00:27:17,930
+of a conceit. A conceit is what? It is an analogy,
+
+373
+00:27:19,050 --> 00:27:23,670
+you know, analogy. It is a strange analogy or a
+
+374
+00:27:23,670 --> 00:27:28,570
+strange simile or a metaphor in which the
+
+375
+00:27:28,570 --> 00:27:34,470
+relationship between the vehicle and the tenor is
+
+376
+00:27:34,470 --> 00:27:39,090
+very remote, is unexpected. You see what I mean?
+
+377
+00:27:39,710 --> 00:27:44,250
+So, John Donne, in one of his poems called,
+
+378
+00:27:44,350 --> 00:27:49,710
+Valediction, Forbidding Morning, he compared
+
+379
+00:27:49,710 --> 00:27:54,530
+himself and his wife to the two legs of a compass.
+
+380
+00:27:56,270 --> 00:27:59,790
+And he said, like, you know what is a compass? The
+
+381
+00:27:59,790 --> 00:28:03,370
+two legs of a compass, like here, it's like this.
+
+382
+00:28:07,090 --> 00:28:12,010
+This is a compass, the two legs of a compass. And
+
+383
+00:28:12,010 --> 00:28:16,230
+he said, like, if they are two, they are, they be
+
+384
+00:28:16,230 --> 00:28:18,930
+two. If they be two, they are two. Like twin
+
+385
+00:28:18,930 --> 00:28:23,810
+compasses are two. They are the fixed soul and the
+
+386
+00:28:23,810 --> 00:28:27,490
+fixed thought, you know, makes no show to move,
+
+387
+00:28:27,810 --> 00:28:31,380
+but does the other do. You see what I mean? Like
+
+388
+00:28:31,380 --> 00:28:34,680
+whatever he wants to say, like you and I are like
+
+389
+00:28:34,680 --> 00:28:37,280
+the two legs of a compass. This is very
+
+390
+00:28:37,280 --> 00:28:41,140
+surprising. I think, you know, the surprising
+
+391
+00:28:41,140 --> 00:28:44,080
+thing, you know, if you want to understand the
+
+392
+00:28:44,080 --> 00:28:47,920
+poetry of John Donne, you have to have a
+
+393
+00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:51,760
+calculator. You have to measure. Yes. That's why,
+
+394
+00:28:51,960 --> 00:28:57,300
+you know, John Dryden, a 17th and 18th century
+
+395
+00:28:57,300 --> 00:29:01,480
+poet, said that John Donne should have been
+
+396
+00:29:01,480 --> 00:29:05,670
+hanged. Why? Because he kept perplexing the mind
+
+397
+00:29:05,670 --> 00:29:10,090
+of the fair six, I mean the ladies, by his witty
+
+398
+00:29:10,090 --> 00:29:14,690
+and strange philosophical, you know, speculations
+
+399
+00:29:14,690 --> 00:29:20,830
+and by his conceits, you know? Now, let me, like,
+
+400
+00:29:21,670 --> 00:29:25,950
+in the poem, John Donne was elaborating, was
+
+401
+00:29:25,950 --> 00:29:30,430
+explaining. And, you know, to explain in the
+
+402
+00:29:30,430 --> 00:29:32,450
+metaphysical poetry when they wanted, because
+
+403
+00:29:32,450 --> 00:29:35,390
+sometimes you want to convince the people about
+
+404
+00:29:35,390 --> 00:29:38,330
+the appropriateness of this image, about the
+
+405
+00:29:38,330 --> 00:29:41,370
+aptness of this image, so you have to keep
+
+406
+00:29:41,370 --> 00:29:45,550
+persuading them. How, you know? How come, like,
+
+407
+00:29:45,870 --> 00:29:48,850
+this? You know, once I told my wife, you know,
+
+408
+00:29:48,850 --> 00:29:51,390
+this is personal, you are like the wall. She was
+
+409
+00:29:51,390 --> 00:29:55,990
+upset with me. You know? You are like this wall.
+
+410
+00:29:56,770 --> 00:29:59,530
+But when I told her, no, you are like this wall
+
+411
+00:29:59,530 --> 00:30:02,690
+fixed in my heart, she changed her mind, you know?
+
+412
+00:30:02,890 --> 00:30:06,910
+So, this is what I mean by elaboration. You know?
+
+413
+00:30:07,350 --> 00:30:09,410
+Elaborate. So, at the beginning, it is very
+
+414
+00:30:09,410 --> 00:30:13,250
+strange. But when you elaborate it, it becomes,
+
+415
+00:30:13,290 --> 00:30:17,410
+you know, easily accessible, you know? And then,
+
+416
+00:30:17,650 --> 00:30:19,350
+you know, here, what happened to you when you
+
+417
+00:30:19,350 --> 00:30:24,850
+left? There was a flash here. This is like what we
+
+418
+00:30:24,850 --> 00:30:28,110
+call the flash of the conceit, because the conceit
+
+419
+00:30:28,110 --> 00:30:33,170
+depends on a witty use of language, a witty use of
+
+420
+00:30:33,170 --> 00:30:41,290
+ideas. So let's go to what's the conceit in this
+
+421
+00:30:41,290 --> 00:30:46,310
+one. He said, we are two. If they be two, they are
+
+422
+00:30:46,310 --> 00:30:51,270
+two. Like twin compasses are two. So it is now the
+
+423
+00:30:51,270 --> 00:30:55,470
+conceit is originally either a metaphor or a
+
+424
+00:30:55,470 --> 00:31:00,650
+simile, but it is sustained. It is continued. It
+
+425
+00:31:00,650 --> 00:31:08,310
+runs on the poem. He said, yes, we are two if they
+
+426
+00:31:08,310 --> 00:31:12,050
+want to think of us like two, we are two. Like
+
+427
+00:31:12,050 --> 00:31:14,130
+twin compasses are two.
+
+428
+00:31:17,430 --> 00:31:25,350
+Soul, you know, thy soul, the fixed thought makes
+
+429
+00:31:25,350 --> 00:31:29,630
+no shoe. You are the fixed one. And I'm the one
+
+430
+00:31:29,630 --> 00:31:33,930
+who moves. Like look, this is like women were not
+
+431
+00:31:33,930 --> 00:31:37,790
+happy with this because a woman is always sitting
+
+432
+00:31:37,790 --> 00:31:40,850
+at home and it is the man who was like going
+
+433
+00:31:40,850 --> 00:31:44,130
+roaming here, you know? So you are the fixed
+
+434
+00:31:44,130 --> 00:31:49,400
+thought. And I'm the one who's roaming. But he
+
+435
+00:31:49,400 --> 00:31:53,200
+wanted to say, look, when I go here, you follow
+
+436
+00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:58,880
+me. When I leave England, you keep thinking of me.
+
+437
+00:31:58,980 --> 00:32:01,460
+So you are following me. You are the fixed one,
+
+438
+00:32:01,900 --> 00:32:04,660
+but you always follow me. What he wants to say in
+
+439
+00:32:04,660 --> 00:32:12,340
+this conceit, Although we are physically two, but
+
+440
+00:32:12,340 --> 00:32:17,820
+spiritually one. It is by the virtue of our love.
+
+441
+00:32:18,740 --> 00:32:23,340
+Very strange. Very strange. So those poets were
+
+442
+00:32:23,340 --> 00:32:28,900
+perplexing the mind of other people.
+
+443
+00:32:41,460 --> 00:32:46,720
+Look here. I like what TS Eliot wrote about this.
+
+444
+00:32:47,380 --> 00:32:50,280
+It was, yes, Samuel Johnson who was first called
+
+445
+00:32:50,280 --> 00:32:55,120
+them metaphysical poetry. And, in fact, it was,
+
+446
+00:32:56,180 --> 00:33:00,020
+you know, he named them not out of veneration or
+
+447
+00:33:00,020 --> 00:33:04,940
+respect, but out of irrespect. You know? You know,
+
+448
+00:33:04,980 --> 00:33:08,300
+sometimes when we don't respect people, we say...
+
+449
+00:33:08,300 --> 00:33:13,310
+You know? You know, the... the nasty, you know?
+
+450
+00:33:13,630 --> 00:33:17,510
+And, like, Samuel Johnson, you know, used this,
+
+451
+00:33:17,710 --> 00:33:22,250
+you know, as a kind of disrespect. It was
+
+452
+00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:25,050
+disparaging, the metaphysical, the crazy people,
+
+453
+00:33:25,510 --> 00:33:28,810
+you know? So usually, like, they were turned,
+
+454
+00:33:28,910 --> 00:33:36,550
+like, metaphysical. Why? Because they were... When
+
+455
+00:33:36,550 --> 00:33:41,180
+they wanted to persuade you They tried to yoke
+
+456
+00:33:41,180 --> 00:33:43,040
+together. You know what I mean? Yoke, bring
+
+457
+00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:47,960
+together two things which are not likely to be
+
+458
+00:33:47,960 --> 00:33:52,040
+connected. And that was the cleverness. So they
+
+459
+00:33:52,040 --> 00:33:55,440
+were yoking together heterogeneous ideas.
+
+460
+00:33:56,620 --> 00:33:58,200
+Heterogeneous ideas.
+
+461
+00:34:05,740 --> 00:34:10,380
+Like what Eliot said about, you know, them. Eliot
+
+462
+00:34:10,380 --> 00:34:15,780
+said that those poets were a generation more often
+
+463
+00:34:15,780 --> 00:34:19,440
+named than read, and more often read than
+
+464
+00:34:19,440 --> 00:34:23,960
+profitably studied. Like, they were neglected. He
+
+465
+00:34:23,960 --> 00:34:28,990
+admired them. Because C.S. Eliot was a poet who
+
+466
+00:34:28,990 --> 00:34:35,090
+evaluated poetry of ideas, poetry of strong ideas,
+
+467
+00:34:35,550 --> 00:34:40,330
+of, you know, difficult ideas. And, of course, he
+
+468
+00:34:40,330 --> 00:34:43,310
+thought that, you know, the Middlesex poets were
+
+469
+00:34:43,310 --> 00:34:48,070
+modern because of their conceits and paradoxes.
+
+470
+00:34:51,300 --> 00:34:53,580
+So as you see here, the phrase metaphysical has
+
+471
+00:34:53,580 --> 00:34:56,700
+long done duty as a term of abuse. They were
+
+472
+00:34:56,700 --> 00:35:00,220
+abusing them. It was not a kind of respect.
+
+473
+00:35:09,620 --> 00:35:15,210
+So they had their reputation. because their poetry
+
+474
+00:35:15,210 --> 00:35:19,050
+was very strong. And even though critics continued
+
+475
+00:35:19,050 --> 00:35:24,270
+criticizing them, they were very strong. Here,
+
+476
+00:35:25,070 --> 00:35:27,830
+this is the first characteristic, the wit or the
+
+477
+00:35:27,830 --> 00:35:31,390
+conceit. What is the conceit here? It is a
+
+478
+00:35:31,390 --> 00:35:37,210
+combination of dissimilar images or discovery of
+
+479
+00:35:37,210 --> 00:35:42,270
+occult resemblance. Occult, like you see, it is
+
+480
+00:35:42,270 --> 00:35:44,690
+very, you know, not straightforward. It's the
+
+481
+00:35:44,690 --> 00:35:47,890
+opposite. A resemblance in things apparently
+
+482
+00:35:47,890 --> 00:35:52,590
+unlike. So, like in The Flea, which you gave an
+
+483
+00:35:52,590 --> 00:35:59,010
+example. Here we have a poem. This is The Flea. In
+
+484
+00:35:59,010 --> 00:36:05,020
+fact this poem seems to be you know He talks about
+
+485
+00:36:05,020 --> 00:36:08,600
+what is strange about John Donne. Like, when he
+
+486
+00:36:08,600 --> 00:36:11,080
+was talking about religion, he was talking about
+
+487
+00:36:11,080 --> 00:36:13,900
+religion in terms of love. And when he was talking
+
+488
+00:36:13,900 --> 00:36:17,000
+about love, he was talking about, you know, love
+
+489
+00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:23,300
+in terms of religion. So here, like, he was trying
+
+490
+00:36:23,300 --> 00:36:27,420
+to persuade, you know, like, I don't know, a lady.
+
+491
+00:36:27,980 --> 00:36:32,240
+And he said, you and I are like a flea. You know?
+
+492
+00:36:32,900 --> 00:36:39,240
+So you and I, we are three in one. You and I. Why?
+
+493
+00:36:39,360 --> 00:36:42,860
+Because this flea sucked your blood and it sucked
+
+494
+00:36:42,860 --> 00:36:47,900
+my blood. So we are three in one. But all of this,
+
+495
+00:36:48,620 --> 00:36:52,860
+You know, like what he wanted to say, like, you
+
+496
+00:36:52,860 --> 00:36:56,400
+know, he wanted to express a very central
+
+497
+00:36:56,400 --> 00:37:00,160
+Christian notion of the idea of a Trinity, you
+
+498
+00:37:00,160 --> 00:37:03,400
+know, God three in one. Which, of course, as a
+
+499
+00:37:03,400 --> 00:37:08,840
+Muslim, we don't buy this at all. So he was using
+
+500
+00:37:08,840 --> 00:37:12,380
+this conceit, but he was using it in a very, you
+
+501
+00:37:12,380 --> 00:37:16,080
+know, vulgar manner, in a very, you know, erotic.
+
+502
+00:37:16,360 --> 00:37:20,620
+These are erotic images, you know? So yes, one
+
+503
+00:37:20,620 --> 00:37:23,980
+characteristic of the metaphysical poetry, they
+
+504
+00:37:23,980 --> 00:37:26,040
+were using erotic images.
+
+505
+00:37:30,350 --> 00:37:33,090
+Now, this is better my heart is the poem which we
+
+506
+00:37:33,090 --> 00:37:36,930
+want to study. But of course, the list I have just
+
+507
+00:37:36,930 --> 00:37:40,870
+given you is not complete because there are more
+
+508
+00:37:40,870 --> 00:37:47,610
+characteristics. So I prefer to read this poem and
+
+509
+00:37:47,610 --> 00:37:52,230
+to consider more characteristics after Eid. But I
+
+510
+00:37:52,230 --> 00:37:58,030
+want to read this poem aloud for you And then, you
+
+511
+00:37:58,030 --> 00:38:01,390
+know, you consider how you analyze this and how
+
+512
+00:38:01,390 --> 00:38:03,870
+you prepare it and how you respond for it. Okay?
+
+513
+00:38:05,950 --> 00:38:10,310
+Better my heart, three-person God, for you as yet
+
+514
+00:38:10,310 --> 00:38:14,310
+but not breathe shine and seek to mend that I may
+
+515
+00:38:14,310 --> 00:38:18,190
+rise and stand, overthrow me and bend your force
+
+516
+00:38:18,190 --> 00:38:23,030
+to break, blow, burn, and make me new. I, like an
+
+517
+00:38:23,030 --> 00:38:26,810
+usurped town, to another due? Labor to admit you,
+
+518
+00:38:26,950 --> 00:38:32,410
+but owe to no end? Reason your viceroy in me. Me
+
+519
+00:38:32,410 --> 00:38:36,630
+should defend what is captive and proves weak or
+
+520
+00:38:36,630 --> 00:38:40,750
+untrue? Yet dearly I love you, and would be loved
+
+521
+00:38:40,750 --> 00:38:46,190
+thin. But I'm betrothed into your enemy. Divorce
+
+522
+00:38:46,190 --> 00:38:50,700
+me, untie, break that knot again. Take to me,
+
+523
+00:38:50,900 --> 00:38:57,300
+imprison me, for I accept you, for I accept you
+
+524
+00:38:57,300 --> 00:39:02,140
+enthrall me, never shall be free, nor ever chased,
+
+525
+00:39:03,020 --> 00:39:08,170
+except you ravage me. It could be read, like, also
+
+526
+00:39:08,170 --> 00:39:10,670
+in a different way. It could be read like this. By
+
+527
+00:39:10,670 --> 00:39:13,830
+my heart, three-person God for you as yet but not
+
+528
+00:39:13,830 --> 00:39:17,190
+brave shine and seek to men that I may rise. It
+
+529
+00:39:17,190 --> 00:39:19,670
+could be like something like this. It's very
+
+530
+00:39:19,670 --> 00:39:24,790
+noisy. It's like, you know, like crab. You know?
+
+531
+00:39:25,010 --> 00:39:28,370
+Okay. Divorce me, untie or break that knot again.
+
+532
+00:39:28,970 --> 00:39:33,310
+Take me to you. Imprison me, for I accept. You
+
+533
+00:39:33,310 --> 00:39:36,790
+enthrall me, never shall be free, never chase
+
+534
+00:39:36,790 --> 00:39:39,690
+except you ravage me. So read it, respond to it,
+
+535
+00:39:40,130 --> 00:39:43,170
+and then inshallah after Eid, we're going to
+
+536
+00:39:43,170 --> 00:39:45,730
+consider this, reconsider, we are going to
+
+537
+00:39:45,730 --> 00:39:49,510
+reconsider. Thank you for listening. I wish you a
+
+538
+00:39:49,510 --> 00:39:52,510
+happy Eid. I wish you enjoy your Eid as I
+
+539
+00:39:52,510 --> 00:39:56,010
+recommended. Enjoy your Eid, and then study hard.
+
+540
+00:39:56,390 --> 00:39:56,870
+Thanks a lot.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/pNW6Q2yYiDI_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2244 @@
+1
+00:00:13,560 --> 00:00:19,240
+Good morning everybody. How are you today? I know
+
+2
+00:00:19,240 --> 00:00:21,620
+it's the middle of the week and everybody's busy,
+
+3
+00:00:21,760 --> 00:00:27,980
+yeah? But still, I think you're busy writing
+
+4
+00:00:27,980 --> 00:00:33,130
+response and reports. I think last class was
+
+5
+00:00:33,130 --> 00:00:40,590
+interesting or boring or both. So let's see
+
+6
+00:00:40,590 --> 00:00:45,530
+somebody who did not attend the class. Is it
+
+7
+00:00:45,530 --> 00:00:48,530
+difficult to report? You watched the class. Good.
+
+8
+00:00:48,770 --> 00:00:51,570
+So yes, please come here.
+
+9
+00:00:57,240 --> 00:01:00,080
+Every some days of pursuit of some change drew me
+
+10
+00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:03,060
+parallels with Howard's cryptic texts, so I
+
+11
+00:01:03,060 --> 00:01:06,610
+drafted these lines. An-an-chi-chi-an-chi-an,
+
+12
+00:01:06,910 --> 00:01:09,790
+there goes my Palestine, proposed at the UN. The
+
+13
+00:01:09,790 --> 00:01:12,650
+sweet season of spring swept the region, Obama
+
+14
+00:01:12,650 --> 00:01:16,590
+said, from Tunisia to Egypt to Libya, and Bashar
+
+15
+00:01:16,590 --> 00:01:19,210
+is about to end. The swift swallow pursues the
+
+16
+00:01:19,210 --> 00:01:21,730
+dictators. Winter is worn to a spectrum of
+
+17
+00:01:21,730 --> 00:01:24,910
+rebirth. Palestine is being reborn, Abbas's words
+
+18
+00:01:24,910 --> 00:01:28,070
+rung. But for my unfortunate land, only sorrow
+
+19
+00:01:28,070 --> 00:01:31,360
+sprung. Not that I mind a V2 from a snake, for
+
+20
+00:01:31,360 --> 00:01:35,040
+their hypocrisy is revealed, and my struggle is
+
+21
+00:01:35,040 --> 00:01:38,040
+never to shake. Wow, thank you. I think we should
+
+22
+00:01:38,040 --> 00:01:43,800
+clap for her. I like this report. Yes, she did not
+
+23
+00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:46,880
+attend the class, but she had a chance to watch
+
+24
+00:01:46,880 --> 00:01:48,880
+the video of that class, and this is like an
+
+25
+00:01:48,880 --> 00:01:52,440
+advantage of having this class running like this.
+
+26
+00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:58,300
+Good. I need another report. And this time, I
+
+27
+00:01:58,300 --> 00:01:59,740
+should choose one, yes.
+
+28
+00:02:05,700 --> 00:02:08,680
+At the lecture, I sat on my chair, but I didn't
+
+29
+00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:12,560
+prepare. My teacher pointed at me to read my
+
+30
+00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:15,860
+report. I hadn't prepared yet, but I forced her to
+
+31
+00:02:15,860 --> 00:02:19,400
+read it. My face was sore, but I tried to hide it.
+
+32
+00:02:19,880 --> 00:02:23,160
+My reading was so fast because of my fright. After
+
+33
+00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:26,060
+my reading in the class, I sat with a relax. Okay,
+
+34
+00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:30,890
+good. Thank you. So I think everybody is turning
+
+35
+00:02:30,890 --> 00:02:34,770
+into a poet in this class. But let us remind
+
+36
+00:02:34,770 --> 00:02:37,970
+ourselves of the things we did in the class last
+
+37
+00:02:37,970 --> 00:02:41,750
+time. I think we talked about our initial
+
+38
+00:02:41,750 --> 00:02:49,190
+response. And we just talked about certain
+
+39
+00:02:49,190 --> 00:02:54,130
+aesthetic elements of the poem in general. Today,
+
+40
+00:02:54,230 --> 00:02:58,390
+we're going to to paraphrase, to come close to the
+
+41
+00:02:58,390 --> 00:03:04,650
+poem, and to see how the poem is beautiful. Last
+
+42
+00:03:04,650 --> 00:03:07,810
+time we agreed that, if you remember,
+
+43
+00:03:10,970 --> 00:03:16,750
+we
+
+44
+00:03:16,750 --> 00:03:19,810
+agreed that the poem had a wonderful description
+
+45
+00:03:19,810 --> 00:03:26,890
+of spring, and most of you thought that The
+
+46
+00:03:26,890 --> 00:03:29,390
+description was wonderful because of the images,
+
+47
+00:03:29,750 --> 00:03:34,950
+because of the figures of speech, because of the
+
+48
+00:03:34,950 --> 00:03:38,230
+music, because of the sound. So let us be like
+
+49
+00:03:38,230 --> 00:03:45,110
+today, more like closer to the poem itself. You
+
+50
+00:03:45,110 --> 00:03:48,430
+see here the suit season that bud and the bloom
+
+51
+00:03:48,430 --> 00:03:53,210
+forth brings, with the green that clad the hill
+
+52
+00:03:53,210 --> 00:03:57,990
+and ache the vein. The nightingale with feathers
+
+53
+00:03:57,990 --> 00:04:02,730
+now she sings. The turtle to her make hath told
+
+54
+00:04:02,730 --> 00:04:09,010
+her tale. Summer is coming, for every spray now
+
+55
+00:04:09,010 --> 00:04:14,830
+springs. The heart hath hung his old head on the
+
+56
+00:04:14,830 --> 00:04:19,270
+pane. The buck in prey his winter coat he flings.
+
+57
+00:04:20,070 --> 00:04:23,840
+The fishes float with the new repaired scale. The
+
+58
+00:04:23,840 --> 00:04:27,760
+other, all her slough away she slings. The swift
+
+59
+00:04:27,760 --> 00:04:32,520
+swallow pursues the fly's smell. The busy bee, her
+
+60
+00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:36,260
+honey now she minks. Winter is won. That was the
+
+61
+00:04:36,260 --> 00:04:40,920
+flowers made. And thus, and thus I see among these
+
+62
+00:04:40,920 --> 00:04:45,780
+pleasant things. Each care decays, and yet my
+
+63
+00:04:45,780 --> 00:04:51,040
+sorrow springs. Thing is, you could have, or you
+
+64
+00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:54,310
+could read it differently. I just read it for
+
+65
+00:04:54,310 --> 00:04:54,870
+demonstration.
+
+66
+00:04:57,410 --> 00:05:00,590
+To paraphrase this poem is not to analyze it, you
+
+67
+00:05:00,590 --> 00:05:03,410
+know, to paraphrasing. I want you to understand
+
+68
+00:05:03,410 --> 00:05:07,190
+that the paraphrasing of the poem is only one part
+
+69
+00:05:07,190 --> 00:05:10,970
+of the meaning. So it is not like we can
+
+70
+00:05:10,970 --> 00:05:14,970
+paraphrase in order to comment. As you see here,
+
+71
+00:05:15,470 --> 00:05:21,930
+like right from the very beginning, the poet shows
+
+72
+00:05:21,930 --> 00:05:27,180
+how strong, the drive of life is in spring. You
+
+73
+00:05:27,180 --> 00:05:31,660
+know, spring, as we said, is always associated
+
+74
+00:05:31,660 --> 00:05:39,240
+with rebirth. And here, like, okay, this season is
+
+75
+00:05:39,240 --> 00:05:41,480
+budding. You know, the season is budding. And
+
+76
+00:05:41,480 --> 00:05:45,200
+here, of course, you have a metonymy. When we say
+
+77
+00:05:45,200 --> 00:05:49,800
+the season, it means like budding. It is like the
+
+78
+00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:54,570
+whole spring is like a tree, which is budding. But
+
+79
+00:05:54,570 --> 00:06:00,090
+we see that the season is like a person that is
+
+80
+00:06:00,090 --> 00:06:05,590
+covering the whole vista with green color. Do you
+
+81
+00:06:05,590 --> 00:06:09,770
+know what I mean? So the season, the bud and the
+
+82
+00:06:09,770 --> 00:06:15,210
+bloom forth brings. When the green hath clad the
+
+83
+00:06:15,210 --> 00:06:20,140
+hill and eke, they fade. So right from the very
+
+84
+00:06:20,140 --> 00:06:24,140
+beginning, you know, the writer wants to show us
+
+85
+00:06:24,140 --> 00:06:30,560
+that this beauty or, you know, this revival is
+
+86
+00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:34,520
+dominating the whole scene. And you see this
+
+87
+00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:38,360
+persification of the spring itself. The spring is
+
+88
+00:06:38,360 --> 00:06:41,660
+like what? Like a man who is trying to cover, you
+
+89
+00:06:41,660 --> 00:06:48,830
+know, with a green color. The Nightingale. with
+
+90
+00:06:48,830 --> 00:06:51,890
+feathers now she sings." Accordingly, you know,
+
+91
+00:06:51,990 --> 00:06:56,610
+like, because it is a season of rebirth, so we
+
+92
+00:06:56,610 --> 00:07:00,270
+expect that everything is going to be jovial,
+
+93
+00:07:00,550 --> 00:07:05,230
+happy, you know? So it is not like, the
+
+94
+00:07:05,230 --> 00:07:07,410
+nightingale with feathers now she sings. I'm
+
+95
+00:07:07,410 --> 00:07:10,830
+paraphrasing. The nightingale is happy and, you
+
+96
+00:07:10,830 --> 00:07:15,890
+know, singing the most melodious songs. The turtle
+
+97
+00:07:15,890 --> 00:07:20,480
+to her make hath told her tale. Again, the turtle
+
+98
+00:07:20,480 --> 00:07:24,780
+dove, like, we have a male and a female, and, you
+
+99
+00:07:24,780 --> 00:07:29,320
+know, because, you know, they are exchanging, you
+
+100
+00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:31,960
+know, love relationship, uniting here with
+
+101
+00:07:31,960 --> 00:07:34,200
+feathers now, she sings, the turtle to her mate
+
+102
+00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:40,250
+and told her tale. Summer has come, so it's a
+
+103
+00:07:40,250 --> 00:07:43,210
+declaration, like all the creatures are declaring
+
+104
+00:07:43,210 --> 00:07:48,150
+that summer is coming. And summer in England is
+
+105
+00:07:48,150 --> 00:07:52,870
+interchangeable with spring.
+
+106
+00:07:53,450 --> 00:07:55,890
+So sometimes it is difficult to know which is
+
+107
+00:07:55,890 --> 00:07:59,530
+summer and spring. So summer is equivalent to
+
+108
+00:07:59,530 --> 00:08:02,510
+spring in England. Summer has come for every
+
+109
+00:08:02,510 --> 00:08:07,500
+spring that now springs. Every tree, every branch
+
+110
+00:08:07,500 --> 00:08:11,860
+of a tree is springing, is sprouting. The heart
+
+111
+00:08:11,860 --> 00:08:16,720
+has hung his whole, his whole head on the pale.
+
+112
+00:08:17,320 --> 00:08:22,420
+The heart. You know, a male deer is, you know, I
+
+113
+00:08:22,420 --> 00:08:26,100
+mean, in winter, usually, a lot of animals
+
+114
+00:08:26,100 --> 00:08:28,940
+hibernate. You know what means hibernate? Just
+
+115
+00:08:28,940 --> 00:08:31,960
+they become dormant. They are not active. But when
+
+116
+00:08:31,960 --> 00:08:36,540
+spring comes, They go and, like, you know, they
+
+117
+00:08:36,540 --> 00:08:39,420
+are given a new life. And they become very active.
+
+118
+00:08:39,980 --> 00:08:42,980
+The buck, which is, you know, again, a male deer
+
+119
+00:08:42,980 --> 00:08:46,160
+or, you know, a rabbit, in break his winter coat,
+
+120
+00:08:46,220 --> 00:08:49,860
+he flings. It's like rebirth. It's regeneration.
+
+121
+00:08:50,160 --> 00:08:52,840
+Even the skin. Everything is acquiring a new
+
+122
+00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:57,980
+garment. The fishes float with a new rebirth. Like
+
+123
+00:08:57,980 --> 00:09:01,080
+here, you see, it's not only the land, but it is
+
+124
+00:09:01,080 --> 00:09:05,420
+also the sea. The other, the other, you know, the
+
+125
+00:09:05,420 --> 00:09:09,060
+snake, all her slough away she slings. You know,
+
+126
+00:09:09,140 --> 00:09:13,600
+the other gets rid of the old garment. It's called
+
+127
+00:09:13,600 --> 00:09:17,560
+slough. And the swift swallow pursues, is flying
+
+128
+00:09:17,560 --> 00:09:23,480
+from one branch of a tree to another in order to
+
+129
+00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:30,210
+kill a fly. The busy bee, the busy bee, I mean,
+
+130
+00:09:30,670 --> 00:09:33,610
+the bees, of course, in summer, because, you know,
+
+131
+00:09:33,770 --> 00:09:36,430
+like there are a lot of flowers, so bees are busy
+
+132
+00:09:36,430 --> 00:09:42,650
+going to every flower to suck what? The nectar,
+
+133
+00:09:42,770 --> 00:09:45,930
+not honey, you know? Like before, the nectar is
+
+134
+00:09:45,930 --> 00:09:48,670
+being processed, it becomes apple, you know? But
+
+135
+00:09:48,670 --> 00:09:51,690
+again, I think you smell now. Did you start to
+
+136
+00:09:51,690 --> 00:09:55,730
+smell? Like when you read this poem and I think
+
+137
+00:09:55,730 --> 00:10:00,910
+you imagine and our senses are invoked. And this
+
+138
+00:10:00,910 --> 00:10:03,710
+is the beauty of the poem because this poem is
+
+139
+00:10:03,710 --> 00:10:09,510
+full of sensual imagery, imagery that appeals to
+
+140
+00:10:09,510 --> 00:10:13,870
+our senses. The busy bee, her honey now she makes,
+
+141
+00:10:14,430 --> 00:10:19,170
+it's The busy bee is trying to collect nectar.
+
+142
+00:10:19,810 --> 00:10:23,470
+Very busy. Winter is won again. It is another
+
+143
+00:10:23,470 --> 00:10:26,990
+declaration to show that everything has changed.
+
+144
+00:10:27,550 --> 00:10:31,130
+Winter is parallel to summer. Has come and winter
+
+145
+00:10:31,130 --> 00:10:34,550
+is behind. No more hibernation. No more death.
+
+146
+00:10:35,010 --> 00:10:37,710
+Everything now is given a new life. So it's a
+
+147
+00:10:37,710 --> 00:10:40,830
+reminder that this is spring. This is a month of
+
+148
+00:10:40,830 --> 00:10:41,130
+rebirth.
+
+149
+00:10:44,640 --> 00:10:48,360
+Winter is warm, that was the flowers pale. And
+
+150
+00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:52,540
+then, you know, and thus, I see among these
+
+151
+00:10:52,540 --> 00:10:56,960
+pleasant things. Our poet, you know, is leaving
+
+152
+00:10:56,960 --> 00:11:01,120
+this behind, and he's talking about himself. And
+
+153
+00:11:01,120 --> 00:11:05,480
+thus, I see among these pleasant things, each care
+
+154
+00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:09,940
+decays, each cares come to an end. My sorrow
+
+155
+00:11:09,940 --> 00:11:14,270
+springs. I think we feel sorry for him. He's very
+
+156
+00:11:14,270 --> 00:11:19,070
+gentle. He's very polite. Now, let us approach
+
+157
+00:11:19,070 --> 00:11:23,610
+this poem from
+
+158
+00:11:23,610 --> 00:11:26,850
+an aesthetic point of view. Let's look at the
+
+159
+00:11:26,850 --> 00:11:31,070
+rhyme, the rhythm, the figures of speech, the
+
+160
+00:11:31,070 --> 00:11:35,670
+alliteration. So why is it beautiful? A lot of you
+
+161
+00:11:35,670 --> 00:11:38,410
+say it's beautiful. I like this description. Why?
+
+162
+00:11:40,330 --> 00:11:44,390
+You know? How, like, if you look at, you know,
+
+163
+00:11:44,430 --> 00:11:48,350
+spring here, it is like when you read and, like,
+
+164
+00:11:48,630 --> 00:11:53,850
+employ, you know, or imagine, so your senses are
+
+165
+00:11:53,850 --> 00:11:57,830
+invoked, and then you imagine the whole scene, the
+
+166
+00:11:57,830 --> 00:11:59,770
+whole scene is enacted. You know what I mean,
+
+167
+00:11:59,790 --> 00:12:03,810
+enacted? Is brought to life by the virtue of our
+
+168
+00:12:03,810 --> 00:12:06,990
+senses, because, you know, this is full of
+
+169
+00:12:06,990 --> 00:12:11,740
+imaging. Look at the season. You know, itself, the
+
+170
+00:12:11,740 --> 00:12:16,200
+color, it's a visual image, which makes us imagine
+
+171
+00:12:16,200 --> 00:12:22,300
+the whole vista being green. The nightingale with
+
+172
+00:12:22,300 --> 00:12:26,620
+its melodious songs, the sound image is
+
+173
+00:12:26,620 --> 00:12:32,740
+introduced. So we are, you know, given an image of
+
+174
+00:12:32,740 --> 00:12:38,430
+a very lively scene of rebirth. Okay? But what I
+
+175
+00:12:38,430 --> 00:12:40,950
+noticed, like, in the first slide, this suit
+
+176
+00:12:40,950 --> 00:12:44,950
+season. Okay, suit season, like, there is sound.
+
+177
+00:12:45,410 --> 00:12:50,010
+It's similar. We have this, you know? So it's very
+
+178
+00:12:50,010 --> 00:12:52,350
+musical, the sound image. And this is parallel
+
+179
+00:12:52,350 --> 00:12:56,670
+with the bird, like the birds that are twittering
+
+180
+00:12:56,670 --> 00:13:01,490
+and say, you know? Like, when I read it, I just
+
+181
+00:13:01,490 --> 00:13:04,210
+imagine like this, you know? They are doing this.
+
+182
+00:13:05,780 --> 00:13:09,120
+But what attracted my attention to the, you know,
+
+183
+00:13:09,160 --> 00:13:12,140
+is the alliteration of bud and the bloom and
+
+184
+00:13:12,140 --> 00:13:17,620
+brings. Bub, bub, bub, you know? Now these, this
+
+185
+00:13:17,620 --> 00:13:21,840
+alliteration is associated with, you know, power.
+
+186
+00:13:22,820 --> 00:13:26,580
+Power, you know? And what does this mean? You
+
+187
+00:13:26,580 --> 00:13:29,920
+know, what does this imply? Yes?
+
+188
+00:13:32,390 --> 00:13:35,670
+It implies his suffering. Yes.
+
+189
+00:13:39,330 --> 00:13:45,590
+Yes, that's better. Yeah, the change, the drive of
+
+190
+00:13:45,590 --> 00:13:48,430
+a change is very powerful. You know, it is
+
+191
+00:13:48,430 --> 00:13:52,570
+something which cannot be reversed. See what I
+
+192
+00:13:52,570 --> 00:13:56,730
+mean? It is very powerful. The drive of life, the
+
+193
+00:13:56,730 --> 00:14:00,210
+drive of regeneration is very powerful.
+
+194
+00:14:04,200 --> 00:14:08,440
+But the green has clad the hill and eek the vale.
+
+195
+00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:15,180
+So it is... We're talking about the hill and,
+
+196
+00:14:16,760 --> 00:14:23,720
+you know, the valley. So the change is not limited
+
+197
+00:14:23,720 --> 00:14:28,760
+to one place, but it is spreading. It is all over
+
+198
+00:14:28,760 --> 00:14:33,280
+the place, you know. It is panoramic change.
+
+199
+00:14:35,990 --> 00:14:41,370
+Yes, the nightingale. But look here, ik, we said
+
+200
+00:14:41,370 --> 00:14:48,370
+like it is also. I think, you know, in this poem,
+
+201
+00:14:48,730 --> 00:14:50,730
+like what you said last time, some of you were
+
+202
+00:14:50,730 --> 00:14:54,970
+disturbed because the poet was using these archaic
+
+203
+00:14:54,970 --> 00:14:58,730
+words. But as I mentioned, archaic words have to
+
+204
+00:14:58,730 --> 00:15:03,790
+do with this drastic flavor. Like usually some
+
+205
+00:15:03,790 --> 00:15:08,200
+poets, Embellish. I mean, mainly, you know, 16th
+
+206
+00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:11,040
+century, like Howard himself wanted to embellish
+
+207
+00:15:11,040 --> 00:15:15,980
+poetry with, you know, some Latin references. And
+
+208
+00:15:15,980 --> 00:15:19,420
+I think in this poem, like the word save is taken
+
+209
+00:15:19,420 --> 00:15:23,740
+from Latin. And, you know, this is old English.
+
+210
+00:15:23,920 --> 00:15:26,500
+Not old English. I would say Chaucerian English.
+
+211
+00:15:26,740 --> 00:15:31,520
+Chaucer was using the set of sweet suit, you know,
+
+212
+00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:36,080
+and he was using a egg. You know, a lot. So this
+
+213
+00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:39,240
+is a kind of archaic English to give rustic
+
+214
+00:15:39,240 --> 00:15:43,060
+flavor. And it would add beauty to the poetry
+
+215
+00:15:43,060 --> 00:15:43,560
+itself.
+
+216
+00:15:47,640 --> 00:15:51,960
+The nightingale with feathers now she sings. It is
+
+217
+00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:57,160
+a festive atmosphere. Now from the very beginning,
+
+218
+00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:02,020
+This, you know, I mean, spring is everywhere. So
+
+219
+00:16:02,020 --> 00:16:06,760
+now all the creatures are celebrating. So it's an
+
+220
+00:16:06,760 --> 00:16:10,920
+atmosphere of festivity. It is an atmosphere of
+
+221
+00:16:10,920 --> 00:16:14,100
+rebirth and creativity. The nightingale with
+
+222
+00:16:14,100 --> 00:16:18,160
+feathers, now she sings. This is, as you see, an
+
+223
+00:16:18,160 --> 00:16:23,160
+image. What kind of image is this? Yeah, when
+
+224
+00:16:23,160 --> 00:16:29,390
+you're like nightingale. It's sound. Visual. It's
+
+225
+00:16:29,390 --> 00:16:33,430
+a visual. And even what we call kinetic image.
+
+226
+00:16:33,850 --> 00:16:36,530
+Kinetic because there is a movement. We imagine,
+
+227
+00:16:37,170 --> 00:16:41,750
+we see, we listen, like to the nightingale. So the
+
+228
+00:16:41,750 --> 00:16:47,430
+nightingale is jovial. Why? Because it is, you
+
+229
+00:16:47,430 --> 00:16:50,810
+know, this is the atmosphere of happiness. This is
+
+230
+00:16:50,810 --> 00:16:54,610
+the atmosphere of celebration. The nightingale
+
+231
+00:16:54,610 --> 00:16:59,850
+with feathers. Now, you know, new she sings. New
+
+232
+00:16:59,850 --> 00:17:05,490
+feathers. You know? Like here, we have this, what
+
+233
+00:17:05,490 --> 00:17:11,430
+we call, you know, it is molting. So everything is
+
+234
+00:17:11,430 --> 00:17:17,150
+given a new shape, a new appearance, a new skin, a
+
+235
+00:17:17,150 --> 00:17:22,270
+new garment. It's regeneration. The turtle to her
+
+236
+00:17:22,270 --> 00:17:29,270
+make hath told her tale. Here, you know, again, we
+
+237
+00:17:29,270 --> 00:17:34,230
+said last time if you remember that our friend, I
+
+238
+00:17:34,230 --> 00:17:40,420
+mean, the poet was you know, Nobel, and he was
+
+239
+00:17:40,420 --> 00:17:43,700
+very polite. He was of Nobel birth, and this is
+
+240
+00:17:43,700 --> 00:17:48,820
+like a kind of euphemism. Like, he didn't want,
+
+241
+00:17:49,140 --> 00:17:51,920
+like, to speak about things explicitly, you know,
+
+242
+00:17:52,060 --> 00:17:55,380
+and we said this is like the, you know, atmosphere
+
+243
+00:17:55,380 --> 00:18:00,420
+of regeneration. It's, you know, so multiplication
+
+244
+00:18:00,420 --> 00:18:04,860
+is there because everything is multiplying.
+
+245
+00:18:05,140 --> 00:18:10,390
+Everything is reproducing. Summer has come for
+
+246
+00:18:10,390 --> 00:18:16,570
+every now, for every spray now springs. Summer has
+
+247
+00:18:16,570 --> 00:18:22,570
+come. Again, we are reminded of the advent of
+
+248
+00:18:22,570 --> 00:18:25,890
+summer. Advent, the arrival of summer. Summer has
+
+249
+00:18:25,890 --> 00:18:31,570
+come. For every spray now springs. Again, the
+
+250
+00:18:31,570 --> 00:18:38,090
+alliteration shows how You know, everything was,
+
+251
+00:18:39,190 --> 00:18:45,390
+it shows how lovely the scene was by itself. The
+
+252
+00:18:45,390 --> 00:18:50,410
+heart has hung his whole, his whole head on the
+
+253
+00:18:50,410 --> 00:18:55,090
+pain. Look hard. You know, it's like, you know,
+
+254
+00:18:55,190 --> 00:18:58,350
+pounding out because everybody is, oh my God, is
+
+255
+00:18:58,350 --> 00:19:02,860
+taken by surprise. You know, it is everybody is
+
+256
+00:19:02,860 --> 00:19:07,320
+taken by surprise by this advent and jovial scene.
+
+257
+00:19:07,780 --> 00:19:13,140
+The heart has hung his old head on the pale buck.
+
+258
+00:19:14,260 --> 00:19:18,480
+In brain, his winter coat he flings. I think, you
+
+259
+00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:21,940
+know, all these are personifications. And we said,
+
+260
+00:19:22,720 --> 00:19:25,680
+what is a personification? It is like assigning
+
+261
+00:19:26,470 --> 00:19:27,230
+Yes.
+
+262
+00:19:35,890 --> 00:19:41,710
+You're right. So this description is vivid by the
+
+263
+00:19:41,710 --> 00:19:44,550
+virtue of imagery and by the virtue of
+
+264
+00:19:44,550 --> 00:19:47,990
+personification. Because the whole picture is
+
+265
+00:19:47,990 --> 00:19:51,790
+animated for us. Why? Because we have a lot of
+
+266
+00:19:51,790 --> 00:19:54,210
+personifications.
+
+267
+00:19:56,060 --> 00:20:01,280
+The fishes float with a new repaired scale. Again,
+
+268
+00:20:02,280 --> 00:20:05,880
+you know, here we are, you know, the writer is
+
+269
+00:20:05,880 --> 00:20:08,680
+like zooming somewhere else. He's zooming the
+
+270
+00:20:08,680 --> 00:20:12,480
+river, the sea. So he's reminding us that this
+
+271
+00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:15,960
+change is entire, is comprehensive. It is not
+
+272
+00:20:15,960 --> 00:20:20,840
+excluded to one area. The fishes float with a new
+
+273
+00:20:20,840 --> 00:20:22,040
+repaired scale.
+
+274
+00:20:24,380 --> 00:20:28,510
+The other. It's a reptile. So reptile, animals,
+
+275
+00:20:28,650 --> 00:20:33,630
+birds, you know, everything. The other, all her
+
+276
+00:20:33,630 --> 00:20:38,850
+slough, away she slings. Imagine how lovely, you
+
+277
+00:20:38,850 --> 00:20:43,010
+know, I know it's a frightening image, but still
+
+278
+00:20:43,010 --> 00:20:45,750
+like there is something beautiful about, you know,
+
+279
+00:20:45,950 --> 00:20:49,930
+the skin or the slough of a snake. The swift
+
+280
+00:20:49,930 --> 00:20:54,800
+swallow. The swift swallow. It's a visual,
+
+281
+00:20:55,080 --> 00:21:02,300
+kinetic, sound image. The swift swallow. Away she
+
+282
+00:21:02,300 --> 00:21:06,220
+slings. The swift swallow pursues the fly's snail.
+
+283
+00:21:07,460 --> 00:21:12,280
+It's, you know, this is how regeneration happens.
+
+284
+00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:15,520
+We have the image of life and death. So as you see
+
+285
+00:21:15,520 --> 00:21:21,040
+here, you know, okay, Regeneration means like some
+
+286
+00:21:21,040 --> 00:21:24,840
+creatures feed on the other creatures. So it is
+
+287
+00:21:24,840 --> 00:21:28,860
+life. The swift swallow pursues the fly, you know?
+
+288
+00:21:29,580 --> 00:21:35,640
+And perhaps the swallow can be swallowed by what?
+
+289
+00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:41,260
+By the, you know, the other. So it is, this is
+
+290
+00:21:41,260 --> 00:21:46,350
+nature. It's the cycle. The busy bee, her honey,
+
+291
+00:21:46,430 --> 00:21:52,490
+now she sings. It's an image of a busy bee. And we
+
+292
+00:21:52,490 --> 00:21:56,630
+said this busy bee, it is an example of
+
+293
+00:21:56,630 --> 00:21:58,290
+onomatopoeia.
+
+294
+00:21:59,650 --> 00:22:05,830
+Onomatopoeia. You know? It shows how vital and
+
+295
+00:22:05,830 --> 00:22:09,770
+active, you know, the creatures are. The busy bee,
+
+296
+00:22:10,150 --> 00:22:14,280
+her honey, now she sings. It's busy. Winter is
+
+297
+00:22:14,280 --> 00:22:18,780
+war. Was the flowers pale? Winter is behind. It's
+
+298
+00:22:18,780 --> 00:22:21,380
+another declaration reminding us this is
+
+299
+00:22:21,380 --> 00:22:26,660
+everything has changed. And then suddenly, you
+
+300
+00:22:26,660 --> 00:22:33,200
+know, we have the poet drawing attention to his
+
+301
+00:22:33,200 --> 00:22:39,140
+own situation. And thus, and thus, I see among
+
+302
+00:22:39,140 --> 00:22:42,140
+these pleasant things, these pleasant things.
+
+303
+00:22:42,590 --> 00:22:45,390
+Still like they are in front of him, not those.
+
+304
+00:22:48,570 --> 00:22:54,630
+Each curve decays, and yet my sorrow springs. I
+
+305
+00:22:54,630 --> 00:22:58,370
+think this line, each curve decays, each curve
+
+306
+00:22:58,370 --> 00:23:03,170
+comes to an end, yet my sorrow springs. Look here,
+
+307
+00:23:03,410 --> 00:23:08,110
+the last line is broken. It's broken by the pose.
+
+308
+00:23:09,270 --> 00:23:11,590
+And the pose is represented by, you know, the
+
+309
+00:23:11,590 --> 00:23:14,050
+grammatical. There is like a new sentence. So
+
+310
+00:23:14,050 --> 00:23:16,490
+there's a pose and a new sentence. And this is
+
+311
+00:23:16,490 --> 00:23:21,810
+what we call in poetry, Suzura. Suzura, it is a
+
+312
+00:23:21,810 --> 00:23:25,130
+pose. It is something, you know, in the middle of
+
+313
+00:23:25,130 --> 00:23:28,210
+the line. It's a break. So it could be structural.
+
+314
+00:23:28,410 --> 00:23:31,330
+It could be, you know, pose. And each care. So
+
+315
+00:23:31,330 --> 00:23:36,670
+when we read it, we say, and each care decays. And
+
+316
+00:23:36,670 --> 00:23:41,890
+like there is a pose. My soul springs. It's a
+
+317
+00:23:41,890 --> 00:23:47,210
+paradox, isn't it? What is the paradox? Paradox
+
+318
+00:23:47,210 --> 00:23:50,910
+and irony. The paradox is like how, you know,
+
+319
+00:23:50,970 --> 00:23:51,330
+because
+
+320
+00:23:53,990 --> 00:23:57,970
+You know, like sorrow is springing. Sorrow is
+
+321
+00:23:57,970 --> 00:24:02,850
+springing. We like spring. When something springs,
+
+322
+00:24:03,590 --> 00:24:07,150
+you know, it is changing from, you know, to a
+
+323
+00:24:07,150 --> 00:24:10,950
+better case. However, like this is, you know,
+
+324
+00:24:11,050 --> 00:24:13,370
+aggravating. The sorrow is aggravating, springing.
+
+325
+00:24:14,350 --> 00:24:18,330
+But as we said, here we have a wonderful
+
+326
+00:24:18,330 --> 00:24:22,700
+technique. You know, in stylistics, we call it the
+
+327
+00:24:22,700 --> 00:24:27,800
+technique of, you know, juxtaposition. As you see,
+
+328
+00:24:28,300 --> 00:24:32,500
+like juxtaposed to put things, you know, side by
+
+329
+00:24:32,500 --> 00:24:36,360
+side. So what is being juxtaposed here? What is
+
+330
+00:24:36,360 --> 00:24:42,480
+being juxtaposed? The spring? And? And the sorrow
+
+331
+00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:45,740
+of the poet. Yes, they are juxtaposed. Like, or
+
+332
+00:24:45,740 --> 00:24:49,340
+spring? You know? And the situation of the poet.
+
+333
+00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:53,840
+So this spring is changing. Spring is beautiful.
+
+334
+00:24:54,400 --> 00:24:58,020
+And the situation of the poet remains as it is.
+
+335
+00:24:58,260 --> 00:25:01,720
+And even it's getting worse because sorrow is
+
+336
+00:25:01,720 --> 00:25:07,580
+springing, is increasing. So this kind of
+
+337
+00:25:07,580 --> 00:25:13,320
+juxtaposition spawns or generates the irony. You
+
+338
+00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:16,280
+know what I mean? The irony? Now, the situation
+
+339
+00:25:16,280 --> 00:25:21,260
+has become very ironical. How come? How come
+
+340
+00:25:21,260 --> 00:25:25,180
+everything is changing and your situation remains
+
+341
+00:25:25,180 --> 00:25:28,980
+the same? So here, we have a sense of irony.
+
+342
+00:25:29,980 --> 00:25:34,520
+Everything around the poet is changing, but his
+
+343
+00:25:34,520 --> 00:25:41,550
+situation is not. Of course, all these, as I told
+
+344
+00:25:41,550 --> 00:25:44,870
+you, we cannot discuss every single aesthetic
+
+345
+00:25:44,870 --> 00:25:49,390
+element in every poem we are studying. But we can
+
+346
+00:25:49,390 --> 00:25:54,550
+have some of these, and you can add something if
+
+347
+00:25:54,550 --> 00:26:01,390
+you need to add. Now, this is, as we said, it is
+
+348
+00:26:01,390 --> 00:26:04,130
+not Henry Howard who introduced this subject.
+
+349
+00:26:06,910 --> 00:26:12,950
+But it was Sir Thomas Wyatt. However, he developed
+
+350
+00:26:12,950 --> 00:26:18,470
+this on him. And if you look here, you see that
+
+351
+00:26:18,470 --> 00:26:21,530
+what kind of development he did. What kind of
+
+352
+00:26:21,530 --> 00:26:29,090
+development? Yes? The division of three quadrants.
+
+353
+00:26:29,790 --> 00:26:35,470
+So what do you mean by that? Okay. What do you
+
+354
+00:26:35,470 --> 00:26:40,990
+mean by three quatrains? Yes, like we have three
+
+355
+00:26:40,990 --> 00:26:47,390
+stanzas. Each stanza is made of four lines and we
+
+356
+00:26:47,390 --> 00:26:53,310
+have a couplet. So this is a kind of departure, a
+
+357
+00:26:53,310 --> 00:26:57,270
+departure from the Petrarchian sunnah form. The
+
+358
+00:26:57,270 --> 00:27:01,070
+Petrarchian was rigid a little bit because you
+
+359
+00:27:01,070 --> 00:27:05,270
+have the octave and the system here as you see. A,
+
+360
+00:27:05,810 --> 00:27:08,530
+you know, and here it is made clear.
+
+361
+00:27:11,670 --> 00:27:21,770
+A, you know, A, B, A, B, and then C,
+
+362
+00:27:22,090 --> 00:27:32,020
+E, C, R3. A B. A B. Okay, sorry.
+
+363
+00:27:36,320 --> 00:27:37,040
+Yes.
+
+364
+00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:41,940
+It's escaping, yeah?
+
+365
+00:27:45,840 --> 00:27:59,440
+Yes. A B. A, B, you know, A, B, A, B, A, B. So you
+
+366
+00:27:59,440 --> 00:28:03,740
+have like three quadrants, you know, and, you
+
+367
+00:28:03,740 --> 00:28:09,820
+know, a couplet, you know, you can say A, A, or if
+
+368
+00:28:09,820 --> 00:28:12,980
+you want to give it a neuron, you can say E, E. So
+
+369
+00:28:12,980 --> 00:28:18,280
+like we are having a more flexible form, a more
+
+370
+00:28:19,160 --> 00:28:20,120
+flexible form.
+
+371
+00:28:22,940 --> 00:28:26,340
+Henry Howard also, you know, this poem is written
+
+372
+00:28:26,340 --> 00:28:29,480
+in iambic pentameter. And we said the iambic
+
+373
+00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:36,080
+pentameter is very musical. So if you look at the,
+
+374
+00:28:36,200 --> 00:28:41,680
+su, si, za, da, ba, and lu, fourth brains, it is
+
+375
+00:28:41,680 --> 00:28:45,580
+ti, tam, ti, tam. It should be like this, su, si,
+
+376
+00:28:45,740 --> 00:28:49,620
+za, da, ba, and lu, fourth brains. It's very
+
+377
+00:28:49,620 --> 00:28:54,280
+musical. And I think this is apt for the scene
+
+378
+00:28:54,280 --> 00:29:00,160
+itself. We mentioned, like, when we were doing the
+
+379
+00:29:00,160 --> 00:29:04,820
+introduction, how iambic pentameter is very, so
+
+380
+00:29:04,820 --> 00:29:08,520
+this is very systematic. He was fond of using the
+
+381
+00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:11,920
+iambic pentameter, and even, like, he invented
+
+382
+00:29:11,920 --> 00:29:16,660
+blank verse, and the blank verse was unrhymed, you
+
+383
+00:29:16,660 --> 00:29:18,040
+know, unrhymed.
+
+384
+00:29:21,190 --> 00:29:24,670
+I don't want you to be disturbed, but look here,
+
+385
+00:29:24,910 --> 00:29:27,630
+you just like look with the green, it is
+
+386
+00:29:27,630 --> 00:29:30,530
+unstressed, stressed, unstressed, stressed,
+
+387
+00:29:30,990 --> 00:29:35,070
+unstressed, stressed. Like the choice of this was
+
+388
+00:29:35,070 --> 00:29:40,600
+like to show some musicality. Some writers might
+
+389
+00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:45,760
+play with these, you know, with the meter for some
+
+390
+00:29:45,760 --> 00:29:48,820
+purposes. Here, he's not playing. It is like he's
+
+391
+00:29:48,820 --> 00:29:51,480
+presenting, you know, the whole Ayurvedic
+
+392
+00:29:51,480 --> 00:29:58,980
+pentameter. Okay? Now, let us go to the critical
+
+393
+00:29:58,980 --> 00:30:04,680
+plan. And, you know, I ask you to prepare the
+
+394
+00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:09,330
+critical plan. And in the critical plan, if you
+
+395
+00:30:09,330 --> 00:30:13,510
+remember this part, we are warned, we are
+
+396
+00:30:13,510 --> 00:30:20,090
+admonished not to be hasty. So, because, you know,
+
+397
+00:30:20,230 --> 00:30:23,610
+I thought some of you, when you read Description
+
+398
+00:30:23,610 --> 00:30:27,870
+of Spring, you jump to this conclusion that, you
+
+399
+00:30:27,870 --> 00:30:33,670
+know, this poem is about spring, and you fail to
+
+400
+00:30:33,670 --> 00:30:38,070
+read the last couplet. Did it happen to you? Did
+
+401
+00:30:38,070 --> 00:30:42,220
+it happen to you? Yeah, at the beginning, the poem
+
+402
+00:30:42,220 --> 00:30:45,040
+is intriguing. You just look and you say, wow,
+
+403
+00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:48,660
+this is a wonderful description of spring. And
+
+404
+00:30:48,660 --> 00:30:53,390
+suddenly you ignore. Like, you know, certain line.
+
+405
+00:30:53,870 --> 00:30:56,590
+In the critical plan, you are admonished, like the
+
+406
+00:30:56,590 --> 00:31:00,350
+part I gave you. We should read the poem from the
+
+407
+00:31:00,350 --> 00:31:04,830
+very beginning, you know, before we give a
+
+408
+00:31:04,830 --> 00:31:07,690
+judgment or before we talk about, you know, the
+
+409
+00:31:07,690 --> 00:31:11,010
+theme of the poem. We have to read the poem as a
+
+410
+00:31:11,010 --> 00:31:13,630
+whole. But I think, you know, in the critical
+
+411
+00:31:13,630 --> 00:31:17,710
+plan, I included for you this poem, which is the
+
+412
+00:31:17,710 --> 00:31:23,190
+liver by, you know, Graves. And I'm not sure
+
+413
+00:31:23,190 --> 00:31:26,370
+whether all of you have read this poem or not.
+
+414
+00:31:26,970 --> 00:31:30,010
+Have you read this poem? Let us read this poem.
+
+415
+00:31:30,990 --> 00:31:35,370
+Near Martin Poost that night of hell, two men were
+
+416
+00:31:35,370 --> 00:31:39,390
+struck by the same shell, together tumbling in one
+
+417
+00:31:39,390 --> 00:31:43,550
+heap, senseless and limbless like slaughtered
+
+418
+00:31:43,550 --> 00:31:48,970
+sheep. One was pale, eighteen years old, blue-eyed
+
+419
+00:31:48,970 --> 00:31:52,570
+and thin and not too bald. pressed for the war,
+
+420
+00:31:52,910 --> 00:31:57,330
+not, you know, ten years too soon. The shame and
+
+421
+00:31:57,330 --> 00:32:01,070
+pity of his platoon. The other came from far-off
+
+422
+00:32:01,070 --> 00:32:04,750
+lands, with bristling chin and whisker hands. He
+
+423
+00:32:04,750 --> 00:32:08,370
+had known death and hell before, in Mexico and
+
+424
+00:32:08,370 --> 00:32:12,790
+Ecuador. Yet in his death, this throat-wild
+
+425
+00:32:12,790 --> 00:32:17,580
+groaned, Mother! Mother! Like a child! while the
+
+426
+00:32:17,580 --> 00:32:21,620
+poor innocent in man's clothes died cursing God
+
+427
+00:32:21,620 --> 00:32:26,100
+with brutal oath. Old Sergeant Smith, kindest of
+
+428
+00:32:26,100 --> 00:32:30,540
+men, wrote out copies and then of his accustomed
+
+429
+00:32:30,540 --> 00:32:35,680
+funeral speech to cheer the womenfolk of each. He
+
+430
+00:32:35,680 --> 00:32:39,120
+died a hero's death, and we, his comrades of our
+
+431
+00:32:39,120 --> 00:32:43,160
+company, deeply regret his death. We shall all
+
+432
+00:32:43,160 --> 00:32:46,670
+deeply miss our true pal. Okay.
+
+433
+00:32:49,230 --> 00:32:52,030
+I know it's difficult. But like this poem was
+
+434
+00:32:52,030 --> 00:32:55,650
+given to a class of poetry like you. And you know
+
+435
+00:32:55,650 --> 00:32:59,350
+what? After reading this poem, they came to this
+
+436
+00:32:59,350 --> 00:33:03,830
+hasty conclusion that in this poem there is, this
+
+437
+00:33:03,830 --> 00:33:07,570
+poem is about two soldiers. One was, you know,
+
+438
+00:33:08,210 --> 00:33:11,770
+courageous, bold. And the other was, you know,
+
+439
+00:33:11,850 --> 00:33:16,400
+coward. Or, you know, a coward or cowardly. And
+
+440
+00:33:16,400 --> 00:33:20,000
+what happened, like in their death, their position
+
+441
+00:33:20,000 --> 00:33:26,900
+was reversed. The one who was cowardly became more
+
+442
+00:33:26,900 --> 00:33:30,280
+daring, and the one who was daring, I mean the
+
+443
+00:33:30,280 --> 00:33:35,340
+veteran, became cowardly. This is a hasty
+
+444
+00:33:35,340 --> 00:33:36,280
+decision.
+
+445
+00:33:38,880 --> 00:33:43,780
+And those students who came to that conclusion
+
+446
+00:33:43,780 --> 00:33:48,860
+have not read the poem, have not looked at the
+
+447
+00:33:48,860 --> 00:33:53,380
+final, you know, two stanzas or the penultimate
+
+448
+00:33:53,380 --> 00:33:56,780
+and the final stanza. Yes, they are two soldiers.
+
+449
+00:33:57,940 --> 00:34:01,720
+They were tumbled by the same ship. You know,
+
+450
+00:34:01,780 --> 00:34:05,860
+these students failed to see the irony. They
+
+451
+00:34:05,860 --> 00:34:11,580
+failed to, you know, feel the sarcastic tone of
+
+452
+00:34:11,580 --> 00:34:15,540
+the writer. Like, yes, they died. One was a hero.
+
+453
+00:34:16,880 --> 00:34:22,000
+He died as a hero, and one died as a hero, and the
+
+454
+00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:26,580
+other died as a coward. But what did Sgt. Smith
+
+455
+00:34:26,580 --> 00:34:32,380
+say about him? What did he do? Old Sgt. Smith,
+
+456
+00:34:32,640 --> 00:34:39,420
+kindest of men, wrote out two copies of his
+
+457
+00:34:39,420 --> 00:34:43,800
+accustomed speech. Like he was writing, You know,
+
+458
+00:34:44,060 --> 00:34:46,300
+this is his way of writing speech. You know, when
+
+459
+00:34:46,300 --> 00:34:50,300
+a soldier dies, speeches and funerals are given,
+
+460
+00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:54,720
+you know, memorials, you know, just to speak
+
+461
+00:34:54,720 --> 00:34:59,120
+about, like, the person who died. To cheer, like,
+
+462
+00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:01,840
+what was the purpose? To cheer the womenfolk of
+
+463
+00:35:01,840 --> 00:35:06,840
+each. So the purpose was sentimental. It was not
+
+464
+00:35:06,840 --> 00:35:12,440
+genuine at all. And what did he say? Each one, he
+
+465
+00:35:12,440 --> 00:35:19,020
+died a hero's death. Do you think each one died as
+
+466
+00:35:19,020 --> 00:35:22,360
+a hero? Because one said, mother, mother, he was
+
+467
+00:35:22,360 --> 00:35:25,440
+like a child. And others say, oh God, and you
+
+468
+00:35:25,440 --> 00:35:28,660
+know, he was cursed. This is what happened. So
+
+469
+00:35:28,660 --> 00:35:33,880
+look here, is he true? Is he honest? Or is he a
+
+470
+00:35:33,880 --> 00:35:39,590
+liar? He's a liar. He died a hero's death. And we
+
+471
+00:35:39,590 --> 00:35:42,950
+all his comrades of our company, look how he is a
+
+472
+00:35:42,950 --> 00:35:46,690
+liar. Look how he is sentimental. You know what it
+
+473
+00:35:46,690 --> 00:35:49,990
+means? He wants us to cry. He wants to force us to
+
+474
+00:35:49,990 --> 00:35:54,830
+cry. We deeply regret his death. We shall all
+
+475
+00:35:54,830 --> 00:35:57,830
+deeply miss Surah Al-Bukhari.
+
+476
+00:35:59,810 --> 00:36:04,710
+Very rare. Very, a liar. Hypocrisy. So I think,
+
+477
+00:36:05,010 --> 00:36:08,390
+you know, reading the two lines will make us
+
+478
+00:36:08,390 --> 00:36:12,810
+change our mind about the whole poem. So we cannot
+
+479
+00:36:12,810 --> 00:36:16,690
+say that this poem is about the reversal of, you
+
+480
+00:36:16,690 --> 00:36:20,330
+know, the fortune of the two soldiers. We cannot
+
+481
+00:36:20,330 --> 00:36:24,510
+say. Who can tell me what is it about then? After
+
+482
+00:36:24,510 --> 00:36:28,670
+reading. Like here, the story is clear, as you
+
+483
+00:36:28,670 --> 00:36:34,050
+see. Here, he's like assigning the place. It is a
+
+484
+00:36:34,050 --> 00:36:38,810
+place, you know, Martin Puce's Night of Hell. Two
+
+485
+00:36:38,810 --> 00:36:41,150
+men were struck by the same shell. It was a shell,
+
+486
+00:36:41,310 --> 00:36:44,370
+artillery shell, together tumbling in one heap.
+
+487
+00:36:45,950 --> 00:36:48,390
+Senseless and limbless, without limbs, like
+
+488
+00:36:48,390 --> 00:36:52,050
+slaughtered sheep. One was pale, 18. He's telling
+
+489
+00:36:52,050 --> 00:36:56,830
+about each one. One was pale, 18 years, and he was
+
+490
+00:36:56,830 --> 00:37:02,490
+blue-eyed, very handsome. And he was pressed when
+
+491
+00:37:02,490 --> 00:37:06,050
+he was young to the war. And the other came and
+
+492
+00:37:06,050 --> 00:37:09,770
+was like veteran, experienced. He was fighting
+
+493
+00:37:09,770 --> 00:37:13,130
+everywhere, like the soldiers of Gaddafi. They
+
+494
+00:37:13,130 --> 00:37:16,670
+were brought from Africa, you know? So he was
+
+495
+00:37:16,670 --> 00:37:20,670
+fighting everywhere. But when they died, this You
+
+496
+00:37:20,670 --> 00:37:26,310
+know, this one said, he was like a child. You see?
+
+497
+00:37:28,410 --> 00:37:31,510
+But you know what the surgeon said, that he was a
+
+498
+00:37:31,510 --> 00:37:40,330
+hero. So now you come to understand that this poem
+
+499
+00:37:40,330 --> 00:37:41,010
+is about.
+
+500
+00:37:44,430 --> 00:37:49,820
+It is? It's about political hypocrisy. It's about
+
+501
+00:37:49,820 --> 00:37:58,780
+the false idea of heroism. Because sometimes we
+
+502
+00:37:58,780 --> 00:38:04,200
+exaggerate the achievement of some people. They're
+
+503
+00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:08,360
+not heroes. They're not heroes. But we think that
+
+504
+00:38:08,360 --> 00:38:13,280
+they are heroes. You see what I mean? So whenever
+
+505
+00:38:13,280 --> 00:38:15,400
+you come to
+
+506
+00:38:18,510 --> 00:38:21,330
+To give a general statement, you have to make sure
+
+507
+00:38:21,330 --> 00:38:25,890
+to read the poem. This applies to our poem, you
+
+508
+00:38:25,890 --> 00:38:29,770
+know, like a description of spring. We don't have
+
+509
+00:38:29,770 --> 00:38:34,630
+to be very hasty. We have to think deeply, you
+
+510
+00:38:34,630 --> 00:38:38,440
+know. Okay. As you see, we don't have to jump to
+
+511
+00:38:38,440 --> 00:38:41,320
+this conclusion. This poem is lovely. I like it
+
+512
+00:38:41,320 --> 00:38:43,660
+very much because it's about regeneration,
+
+513
+00:38:44,020 --> 00:38:48,700
+rebirth. What about this? And thus I see among
+
+514
+00:38:48,700 --> 00:38:52,420
+these special things, each care decays and yet my
+
+515
+00:38:52,420 --> 00:38:59,180
+sorrow spreads. So now, of course, like the title,
+
+516
+00:39:01,230 --> 00:39:05,550
+Reading this and reading the title would make you
+
+517
+00:39:05,550 --> 00:39:08,370
+come to this conclusion that this poem seems to be
+
+518
+00:39:08,370 --> 00:39:14,070
+about court love. But we see here like he's a
+
+519
+00:39:14,070 --> 00:39:16,550
+little bit different from our previous poet
+
+520
+00:39:16,550 --> 00:39:20,150
+because he's less offensive. He's very polite.
+
+521
+00:39:20,590 --> 00:39:23,950
+He's very gentle. He's not a degrading woman. He
+
+522
+00:39:23,950 --> 00:39:28,340
+is implying. And thus I see among these pleasant
+
+523
+00:39:28,340 --> 00:39:34,320
+things each care decays, and yet my soul springs."
+
+524
+00:39:34,320 --> 00:39:39,500
+You know? He just like won our hearts, won our
+
+525
+00:39:39,500 --> 00:39:42,900
+compassion by this novel. He's very novel, huh?
+
+526
+00:39:43,600 --> 00:39:48,320
+Okay. Now, you know, some of you might, I say it
+
+527
+00:39:48,320 --> 00:39:50,840
+seems to be about courtly love. Because in the
+
+528
+00:39:50,840 --> 00:39:54,600
+morning, you know, when I was reading this poem, I
+
+529
+00:39:54,600 --> 00:39:59,090
+said, wait a minute. It might not be about court
+
+530
+00:39:59,090 --> 00:40:04,790
+life. It might be about the king's relationship
+
+531
+00:40:04,790 --> 00:40:09,830
+with other courtiers. It could be about the court
+
+532
+00:40:09,830 --> 00:40:17,650
+life. And because he was in prison, he was like
+
+533
+00:40:17,650 --> 00:40:22,810
+the king was angry with him all the time. So he
+
+534
+00:40:22,810 --> 00:40:27,520
+was referring to the life Of the court, everybody
+
+535
+00:40:27,520 --> 00:40:32,900
+in the court was having his place except him. So
+
+536
+00:40:32,900 --> 00:40:38,140
+this is another reading of the poem. He might be
+
+537
+00:40:38,140 --> 00:40:41,680
+referring to his political or unsuccessful
+
+538
+00:40:41,680 --> 00:40:46,280
+political career in the court of Henry VIII,
+
+539
+00:40:46,600 --> 00:40:51,430
+because Henry VIII, as I told you, was you know,
+
+540
+00:40:51,690 --> 00:40:55,070
+very changeable, was very whimsical, eccentric,
+
+541
+00:40:55,670 --> 00:40:58,790
+his behavior, he was not like, he didn't like
+
+542
+00:40:58,790 --> 00:41:03,990
+anybody to rival him, and this man, like, was a
+
+543
+00:41:03,990 --> 00:41:08,190
+rival, that's why he was beheaded. And in fact, I
+
+544
+00:41:08,190 --> 00:41:11,350
+wanted to show you today like the scene of his
+
+545
+00:41:11,350 --> 00:41:14,970
+trial, but hopefully next time before we start
+
+546
+00:41:14,970 --> 00:41:18,970
+like our next poem, I can show you this. Okay,
+
+547
+00:41:19,690 --> 00:41:23,350
+this is enough about the poem, but if you have any
+
+548
+00:41:23,350 --> 00:41:29,250
+question, you know, you can ask before that. Of
+
+549
+00:41:29,250 --> 00:41:34,090
+course, now it is your responsibility to write,
+
+550
+00:41:34,970 --> 00:41:40,830
+you know, to write. I mean, a critical account of
+
+551
+00:41:40,830 --> 00:41:45,950
+this. You can piece up together things we said in
+
+552
+00:41:45,950 --> 00:41:50,490
+the lecture and bring them together. Like you can
+
+553
+00:41:50,490 --> 00:41:52,230
+write about the theme, you can write about the
+
+554
+00:41:52,230 --> 00:41:56,370
+rhyme, about the music, about this and that, about
+
+555
+00:41:56,370 --> 00:42:00,410
+figurative language in this poem. Any question?
+
+556
+00:42:02,910 --> 00:42:08,730
+Let me thank you. And next time, hopefully, we're
+
+557
+00:42:08,730 --> 00:42:17,930
+going to see another poem, which is, I think, no,
+
+558
+00:42:18,310 --> 00:42:22,810
+Litany? Yeah, Litany. We're talking about Sir
+
+559
+00:42:22,810 --> 00:42:28,890
+Philip Sidney. Sir Philip Sidney. And we will be
+
+560
+00:42:28,890 --> 00:42:32,390
+living also in the critical plan, the same part.
+
+561
+00:42:32,950 --> 00:42:34,750
+Thank you very much and see you next time.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/t0Y9VPPX4aw_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1824 @@
+1
+00:00:13,380 --> 00:00:18,280
+Let's start. How are you today? Good. How was the
+
+2
+00:00:18,280 --> 00:00:23,080
+weekend? Seems like you feel sorry you are coming
+
+3
+00:00:23,080 --> 00:00:29,120
+on Saturday. Did you enjoy your weekend? No? Why?
+
+4
+00:00:34,860 --> 00:00:35,420
+Wow,
+
+5
+00:00:38,040 --> 00:00:41,540
+wow, you are busy. Okay, it's a month and
+
+6
+00:00:41,540 --> 00:00:45,780
+everything will be over, I think. And it's the
+
+7
+00:00:45,780 --> 00:00:49,680
+time like, I mean, this pressure is good. Students
+
+8
+00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:55,280
+always like suffer from this stress, but if they
+
+9
+00:00:55,280 --> 00:00:58,480
+manage their time, I think they will survive.
+
+10
+00:00:59,430 --> 00:01:02,690
+Good. As you see today, we're going to continue
+
+11
+00:01:02,690 --> 00:01:06,670
+the daffodils. Last time, Ola gave a wonderful
+
+12
+00:01:06,670 --> 00:01:11,630
+presentation. Today, we want to bridge the gaps,
+
+13
+00:01:11,750 --> 00:01:17,850
+to fill in some gaps. After that, I'm going to
+
+14
+00:01:17,850 --> 00:01:27,970
+show you a sample of a model answer to the exam
+
+15
+00:01:27,970 --> 00:01:31,110
+question, how you should deal with the exam
+
+16
+00:01:31,110 --> 00:01:37,270
+question because most of you didn't do well in
+
+17
+00:01:37,270 --> 00:01:40,110
+that question. You kept talking about the poem.
+
+18
+00:01:40,930 --> 00:01:43,530
+You kept talking about the figures of speech
+
+19
+00:01:43,530 --> 00:01:47,250
+without having a rational, without having a good
+
+20
+00:01:47,250 --> 00:01:50,950
+introduction. So I'm showing you a model which is
+
+21
+00:01:50,950 --> 00:01:55,030
+like a modest model, and I hope it will be useful
+
+22
+00:01:55,030 --> 00:02:01,070
+to you. Okay? But before we start, I need somebody
+
+23
+00:02:01,070 --> 00:02:05,850
+to come and report. Yes? Yes.
+
+24
+00:02:15,190 --> 00:02:16,150
+Just come here.
+
+25
+00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:22,840
+Honestly, I didn't know what to say according to
+
+26
+00:02:22,840 --> 00:02:25,820
+last lecture. I enjoyed the first part of the
+
+27
+00:02:25,820 --> 00:02:28,920
+Wednesday lecture in which Dr. Akram listened to a
+
+28
+00:02:28,920 --> 00:02:36,210
+couple of reports. as usual, and to a response of
+
+29
+00:02:36,210 --> 00:02:40,750
+William's word-worth poem. However, I became
+
+30
+00:02:40,750 --> 00:02:43,810
+confused in the second part since the student did
+
+31
+00:02:43,810 --> 00:02:46,570
+a presentation, which is a wonderful presentation
+
+32
+00:02:46,570 --> 00:02:51,070
+for the poem. And I'm afraid to say that the
+
+33
+00:02:51,070 --> 00:02:56,530
+student missed the map of her flash, on her flash,
+
+34
+00:02:57,030 --> 00:03:01,440
+and became some bits... Irritable. Yes. Yes.
+
+35
+00:03:01,900 --> 00:03:04,320
+Confused. I hope that- Why are you shivering? You
+
+36
+00:03:04,320 --> 00:03:08,480
+have a nice report. I hope that on Saturday, Dr.
+
+37
+00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:10,900
+Akram will explain the problem in more details.
+
+38
+00:03:11,340 --> 00:03:12,900
+Okay, thank you. And this is what we are doing
+
+39
+00:03:12,900 --> 00:03:14,540
+today. Good.
+
+40
+00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:21,560
+Yes. No, yes. Yes, you. Yes.
+
+41
+00:03:28,940 --> 00:03:31,920
+What's your name? I forgot. The report is short.
+
+42
+00:03:32,220 --> 00:03:34,940
+It's no problem. It's laconic, yeah? Yeah. Good
+
+43
+00:03:34,940 --> 00:03:39,180
+morning. Last lecture I did not attend because in
+
+44
+00:03:39,180 --> 00:03:42,080
+the same time I had a Quran test. Some girls told
+
+45
+00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:44,960
+me that a girl explained the daffodil with a
+
+46
+00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:48,320
+presentation. Actually I was surprised because Dr.
+
+47
+00:03:48,380 --> 00:03:53,360
+Akram did not ask us to make any presentation. I
+
+48
+00:03:53,360 --> 00:03:56,760
+really missed my poetry class. I hope never miss
+
+49
+00:03:56,760 --> 00:04:00,060
+it again in my life because it's very fun and I
+
+50
+00:04:00,060 --> 00:04:03,400
+really love it. Okay, thank you very much. Yeah,
+
+51
+00:04:03,460 --> 00:04:07,900
+in fact, it's difficult like in this class to give
+
+52
+00:04:07,900 --> 00:04:12,120
+a presentation, but if you volunteer, you know, I
+
+53
+00:04:12,120 --> 00:04:15,860
+don't mind, as we said, you see the topic is
+
+54
+00:04:15,860 --> 00:04:21,700
+little bit, you know, and In other courses, I'm
+
+55
+00:04:21,700 --> 00:04:24,700
+usually giving presentation mainly in Literacy
+
+56
+00:04:24,700 --> 00:04:31,120
+System 2 and American Lit. Here, we're satisfied
+
+57
+00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,720
+with your reports, response, because here when you
+
+58
+00:04:34,720 --> 00:04:37,360
+are reporting, you're presenting your ideas, in
+
+59
+00:04:37,360 --> 00:04:40,960
+fact. Anyway, today, as I said, we're going to
+
+60
+00:04:40,960 --> 00:04:42,120
+continue the daffodils.
+
+61
+00:04:45,980 --> 00:04:48,140
+It was interesting, like this is general
+
+62
+00:04:48,140 --> 00:04:51,220
+information, biography about it. You are familiar
+
+63
+00:04:51,220 --> 00:04:57,220
+with this. Aula did it very well last time. And
+
+64
+00:04:57,220 --> 00:05:01,980
+this is like the beginning of the poem. I like
+
+65
+00:05:01,980 --> 00:05:06,550
+this cloud, you see? But as you see, the cloud
+
+66
+00:05:06,550 --> 00:05:11,530
+here has this contradictory aspect as it is in the
+
+67
+00:05:11,530 --> 00:05:15,410
+poem. Because last time, some of you said that the
+
+68
+00:05:15,410 --> 00:05:20,030
+cloud was negative. Others said it was positive.
+
+69
+00:05:21,070 --> 00:05:26,010
+It was positive because of the potential rain. It
+
+70
+00:05:26,010 --> 00:05:29,390
+was negative because it was lonely, floating
+
+71
+00:05:29,390 --> 00:05:34,320
+without a sense of direction. But can we apply
+
+72
+00:05:34,320 --> 00:05:38,220
+this to the poet? In what sense is it positive
+
+73
+00:05:38,220 --> 00:05:39,840
+when it is related to the poet?
+
+74
+00:05:42,840 --> 00:05:48,180
+Okay. Yes, very good. Because the poet is
+
+75
+00:05:48,180 --> 00:05:54,720
+creative. The poet is imaginative. So yes, the
+
+76
+00:05:54,720 --> 00:05:59,790
+poet has the potential of creating because he is
+
+77
+00:05:59,790 --> 00:06:03,830
+imaginative. So he's like a cloud which is
+
+78
+00:06:03,830 --> 00:06:08,410
+pregnant, which is, you know, full of hope and
+
+79
+00:06:08,410 --> 00:06:10,730
+potentialities. Good.
+
+80
+00:06:13,850 --> 00:06:17,690
+You know, that floats on highs over vales and
+
+81
+00:06:17,690 --> 00:06:22,130
+hills. So here he compared or he compares himself
+
+82
+00:06:22,130 --> 00:06:27,370
+to the cloud, which goes without a purpose. So
+
+83
+00:06:27,370 --> 00:06:30,450
+here, as we said at the beginning of the poem, we
+
+84
+00:06:30,450 --> 00:06:33,770
+have a sense of loneliness.
+
+85
+00:06:34,690 --> 00:06:37,190
+And loneliness, it is a negative feeling, you
+
+86
+00:06:37,190 --> 00:06:42,030
+know? A sense of dislocation. He feels that he
+
+87
+00:06:42,030 --> 00:06:47,930
+belongs to nowhere. He's floating, lonely. Lack of
+
+88
+00:06:47,930 --> 00:06:52,260
+orientation. No purpose, he's wandering. Look at
+
+89
+00:06:52,260 --> 00:06:55,580
+the, you know, wander. To wander, like just to
+
+90
+00:06:55,580 --> 00:07:01,340
+roam, to go to and fro without any purpose. So
+
+91
+00:07:01,340 --> 00:07:06,700
+here, wandering, lonely, you know, and floating.
+
+92
+00:07:07,120 --> 00:07:08,680
+All these are negatives.
+
+93
+00:07:13,980 --> 00:07:21,820
+When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden
+
+94
+00:07:21,820 --> 00:07:24,820
+daffodils. So this is what interrupted his
+
+95
+00:07:24,820 --> 00:07:31,600
+wandering. He saw a crowd. Like, if you look at
+
+96
+00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:36,900
+the crowd, it contradicts with, you know, man
+
+97
+00:07:36,900 --> 00:07:42,640
+being alone. Crowd, group. See? Crowd, like you
+
+98
+00:07:42,640 --> 00:07:47,460
+have a sense of group. And this shows how nature,
+
+99
+00:07:47,560 --> 00:07:49,300
+if you remember when Ms. Ahlam talked about
+
+100
+00:07:49,300 --> 00:07:53,880
+nature, like nature was, you know, a teacher, was
+
+101
+00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:57,580
+a nurse, was a mother, you know, here nature is
+
+102
+00:07:57,580 --> 00:08:01,660
+seen as a source of security. If you're looking at
+
+103
+00:08:01,660 --> 00:08:04,860
+the daffodils, the daffodils here represent
+
+104
+00:08:04,860 --> 00:08:08,720
+nature. And nature here gives this sense of
+
+105
+00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:13,300
+security. Why? Because it is crowded. And then a
+
+106
+00:08:13,300 --> 00:08:18,780
+host of golden daffodils. Look here. In fact, here
+
+107
+00:08:18,780 --> 00:08:20,940
+we are talking about primary imagination. Because
+
+108
+00:08:20,940 --> 00:08:27,520
+at this stage, the poet only sees the daffodils.
+
+109
+00:08:28,510 --> 00:08:32,410
+But look here, even though it is primary
+
+110
+00:08:32,410 --> 00:08:36,950
+imagination, which is common among people, yet the
+
+111
+00:08:36,950 --> 00:08:41,710
+poet magnifies. The primary imagination magnifies
+
+112
+00:08:41,710 --> 00:08:44,950
+the image. So they are a crowd, and they are a
+
+113
+00:08:44,950 --> 00:08:48,610
+host of golden daffodils. What do you think of the
+
+114
+00:08:48,610 --> 00:08:50,850
+host? Does it have a positive or negative
+
+115
+00:08:50,850 --> 00:08:51,650
+connotation?
+
+116
+00:08:54,450 --> 00:08:58,230
+Host. Positive. What does the host stand for?
+
+117
+00:08:59,850 --> 00:09:00,290
+Unity?
+
+118
+00:09:04,090 --> 00:09:11,760
+Host. And hostess? Generosity? Hospitality, like a
+
+119
+00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:14,720
+host, when you are hosting somebody, so you expect
+
+120
+00:09:14,720 --> 00:09:18,860
+to be kind, you're expected to be hospitable, you
+
+121
+00:09:18,860 --> 00:09:21,540
+see, when you're inviting some people, you see,
+
+122
+00:09:22,020 --> 00:09:25,620
+you are hospitable, you are generous, you are very
+
+123
+00:09:25,620 --> 00:09:29,080
+kind, you want to offer all what you have. So I
+
+124
+00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:33,300
+think, yes, a host, and then golden daffodils.
+
+125
+00:09:33,380 --> 00:09:35,940
+Look here, how the perception of the daffodil
+
+126
+00:09:35,940 --> 00:09:41,520
+develops emotionally. So the poet, as you see, is
+
+127
+00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:42,900
+invoked emotionally.
+
+128
+00:09:46,500 --> 00:09:48,900
+This is an example of a daffodil. Look, it is
+
+129
+00:09:48,900 --> 00:09:56,820
+golden. Nobody is observing the color. They are
+
+130
+00:09:56,820 --> 00:10:03,780
+painted. Beside the lake, beneath the trees. As
+
+131
+00:10:03,780 --> 00:10:08,010
+you see, they are everywhere, okay? You'll see
+
+132
+00:10:08,010 --> 00:10:13,090
+them beside the lake, beneath the breeze. They are
+
+133
+00:10:13,090 --> 00:10:18,290
+everywhere. And we said in other classes that in
+
+134
+00:10:18,290 --> 00:10:24,730
+this poem, Wordsworth is celebrating himself and
+
+135
+00:10:24,730 --> 00:10:28,150
+he's celebrating nature. He's celebrating himself
+
+136
+00:10:28,150 --> 00:10:34,070
+for being creative, for being a man of
+
+137
+00:10:34,070 --> 00:10:37,570
+imagination, and he's celebrating nature for
+
+138
+00:10:37,570 --> 00:10:41,530
+being, you know, many things, for being beautiful,
+
+139
+00:10:41,930 --> 00:10:46,950
+for being a source of happiness, for being
+
+140
+00:10:46,950 --> 00:10:51,390
+immortal. As you see, beneath the lake, beneath
+
+141
+00:10:51,390 --> 00:10:54,530
+the trees, they are everywhere. They are
+
+142
+00:10:54,530 --> 00:10:57,350
+ubiquitous. Ubiquitous, they are everywhere.
+
+143
+00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:06,020
+fluttering and dancing in the breeze. So they are
+
+144
+00:11:06,020 --> 00:11:09,100
+not passive, but they are active, fluttering.
+
+145
+00:11:09,660 --> 00:11:13,540
+There is a movement. And this movement, later
+
+146
+00:11:13,540 --> 00:11:16,780
+we'll discover, it is not just the movement
+
+147
+00:11:16,780 --> 00:11:19,520
+because of the wind or the lake, but it is
+
+148
+00:11:19,520 --> 00:11:22,880
+movement because of its relation to a cosmic
+
+149
+00:11:22,880 --> 00:11:27,220
+movement, to the movement of the Earth and the
+
+150
+00:11:27,220 --> 00:11:31,760
+galaxy itself. And that's what makes nature here
+
+151
+00:11:31,760 --> 00:11:38,260
+is very, you know, very immortal. Fluttering and
+
+152
+00:11:38,260 --> 00:11:43,480
+dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars,
+
+153
+00:11:43,680 --> 00:11:48,620
+they shine. Again here, he's celebrating nature.
+
+154
+00:11:49,680 --> 00:11:53,220
+He's celebrating the daffodils. He's celebrating
+
+155
+00:11:53,220 --> 00:11:56,450
+nature. Continuous, what does it mean continuous?
+
+156
+00:11:57,090 --> 00:11:59,330
+What is the difference between continuous and
+
+157
+00:11:59,330 --> 00:11:59,870
+continual?
+
+158
+00:12:02,990 --> 00:12:08,670
+Continuous and continual. We eat continuously or
+
+159
+00:12:08,670 --> 00:12:12,590
+continually? Continuously. If we eat continuously,
+
+160
+00:12:12,730 --> 00:12:17,490
+we explode in an hour. If we eat continuously like
+
+161
+00:12:17,490 --> 00:12:21,700
+this. But continually, we eat in the morning, then
+
+162
+00:12:21,700 --> 00:12:27,500
+we stop. So continuous here means, and again, this
+
+163
+00:12:27,500 --> 00:12:30,540
+is another aspect in nature he is celebrating.
+
+164
+00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:35,240
+He's celebrating its permanence, its continuity.
+
+165
+00:12:37,400 --> 00:12:43,740
+Continuous. This is what made Wordsworth famous.
+
+166
+00:12:44,950 --> 00:12:48,530
+like celebrate the rainbow. Why? Because it was
+
+167
+00:12:48,530 --> 00:12:49,410
+continuous.
+
+168
+00:12:51,770 --> 00:12:58,590
+Continuous as the stars that shine were in the
+
+169
+00:12:58,590 --> 00:13:00,430
+Milky Way. Look at them, the stars,
+
+170
+00:13:03,770 --> 00:13:10,330
+and twinkle on the Milky Way. So here, see how the
+
+171
+00:13:10,330 --> 00:13:13,630
+beauty of the daffodils, it links heaven and
+
+172
+00:13:13,630 --> 00:13:13,990
+earth.
+
+173
+00:13:18,020 --> 00:13:20,900
+And Twinkle on the Milky Way. It's an image of the
+
+174
+00:13:20,900 --> 00:13:27,560
+Milky Way, which, you know, has millions of suns
+
+175
+00:13:27,560 --> 00:13:31,060
+and stars. And this shows the miracle of creation
+
+176
+00:13:31,060 --> 00:13:31,540
+itself.
+
+177
+00:13:34,500 --> 00:13:37,860
+They stretch a never-ending line. This is very
+
+178
+00:13:37,860 --> 00:13:43,020
+romantic. He's celebrating nature because nature
+
+179
+00:13:43,020 --> 00:13:48,790
+has no ending. The romantics always cherished
+
+180
+00:13:48,790 --> 00:13:52,970
+nature. Why? Because it has no ending. It was
+
+181
+00:13:52,970 --> 00:13:57,430
+permanent. They stretch a never-ending. I would
+
+182
+00:13:57,430 --> 00:14:00,490
+imagine, like if you want to read it, they stretch
+
+183
+00:14:00,490 --> 00:14:03,250
+a never-ending, a sense of admiration.
+
+184
+00:14:10,410 --> 00:14:13,030
+Along the margin of the bay, again, they are
+
+185
+00:14:13,030 --> 00:14:17,920
+everywhere. This is the bay. The margin of the
+
+186
+00:14:17,920 --> 00:14:26,480
+bay. 10,000 saw I at once. This is the turning,
+
+187
+00:14:28,740 --> 00:14:31,300
+you know, or this is the line which has the
+
+188
+00:14:31,300 --> 00:14:33,340
+turning point in the poem. Why?
+
+189
+00:14:36,320 --> 00:14:40,320
+that he saw like in 10,000 at a glance, like in
+
+190
+00:14:40,320 --> 00:14:44,160
+his super sensibility, that we wouldn't notice it
+
+191
+00:14:44,160 --> 00:14:47,240
+only in the thousand and one glance. Yes. And he
+
+192
+00:14:47,240 --> 00:14:51,940
+saw it. He saw 10,000 at a glance. What glance is
+
+193
+00:14:51,940 --> 00:14:54,800
+he talking about? Is it the glance of seeing I
+
+194
+00:14:54,800 --> 00:15:00,350
+saw? Is it I saw? What kind of vision which would
+
+195
+00:15:00,350 --> 00:15:03,970
+see, or you know, what kind of eyesight which
+
+196
+00:15:03,970 --> 00:15:07,850
+would see 10,000 at a glance. So we are talking
+
+197
+00:15:07,850 --> 00:15:11,670
+about the inward, about the imagination. So look
+
+198
+00:15:11,670 --> 00:15:15,250
+here, what is happening here, the eye, the lonely
+
+199
+00:15:15,250 --> 00:15:21,760
+eye,is becoming, is withdrawing. And we have now
+
+200
+00:15:21,760 --> 00:15:26,040
+the eye of imagination. The internal eye. Ten
+
+201
+00:15:26,040 --> 00:15:32,280
+thousand saw eye at one glance. So this inversion
+
+202
+00:15:32,280 --> 00:15:35,900
+here shows how imagination has become very
+
+203
+00:15:35,900 --> 00:15:41,500
+powerful. So man is rich. Is rich with what? With
+
+204
+00:15:41,500 --> 00:15:46,120
+imagination. 10,000 saw eye at a glance. Look, if
+
+205
+00:15:46,120 --> 00:15:49,040
+we bring a camera like this, you know, we say,
+
+206
+00:15:49,180 --> 00:15:51,780
+wow, this camera, it has a big, you know, focus.
+
+207
+00:15:51,920 --> 00:15:54,500
+It has, you know, this and that. But look at us,
+
+208
+00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:58,140
+10,000 saw eye at a glance.
+
+209
+00:16:01,840 --> 00:16:06,350
+Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. It's this
+
+210
+00:16:06,350 --> 00:16:10,130
+harmony between man and nature. The harmony in
+
+211
+00:16:10,130 --> 00:16:13,550
+nature itself also is something to be celebrated.
+
+212
+00:16:20,670 --> 00:16:28,330
+The waves beside them dance, but they outdid
+
+213
+00:16:28,330 --> 00:16:32,590
+the sparkling waves in glee. Here, it is like
+
+214
+00:16:32,590 --> 00:16:37,560
+competition. in nature, in the harmony of nature,
+
+215
+00:16:37,660 --> 00:16:42,600
+in the beauty. So they are there reflected in the
+
+216
+00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:46,240
+lake, but the real ones are more beautiful than
+
+217
+00:16:46,240 --> 00:16:46,760
+the reflection.
+
+218
+00:16:52,400 --> 00:16:56,560
+It's an amazing scene. I wish one day you would be
+
+219
+00:16:56,560 --> 00:17:01,650
+there. In fact, I had, you know, the pleasure and
+
+220
+00:17:01,650 --> 00:17:03,750
+the honor to go to that place and to see that
+
+221
+00:17:03,750 --> 00:17:08,810
+place and like to be in the lake itself. Yes, it
+
+222
+00:17:08,810 --> 00:17:13,130
+was very fantastic, you know, very beautiful. And
+
+223
+00:17:13,130 --> 00:17:18,310
+in fact, Wordsworth's house is overlooking the
+
+224
+00:17:18,310 --> 00:17:23,090
+coach. I mean, the dove cottage is overlooking,
+
+225
+00:17:23,310 --> 00:17:27,720
+you know, and he was potting the couch. outside,
+
+226
+00:17:27,720 --> 00:17:30,700
+watching the lake, watching the devils. It was a
+
+227
+00:17:30,700 --> 00:17:35,380
+wonderful scene. Out did the sparkling waves in
+
+228
+00:17:35,380 --> 00:17:44,320
+glee. A poet could not but be gay. This is, again,
+
+229
+00:17:44,500 --> 00:17:48,300
+the most difficult line. And look at the grammar.
+
+230
+00:17:48,640 --> 00:17:51,400
+The poet could not but be gay. Who can translate
+
+231
+00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:55,680
+this into Arabic? Who can translate this into
+
+232
+00:17:55,680 --> 00:18:00,620
+Arabic? A poet could not but be gay.
+
+233
+00:18:03,860 --> 00:18:06,360
+Who can translate this into Arabic? Yes, Jihan?
+
+234
+00:18:13,300 --> 00:18:19,160
+It's difficult even in Arabic. A poet could not
+
+235
+00:18:19,160 --> 00:18:23,940
+but be gay. Why? Why a poet? Why not a man?
+
+236
+00:18:24,700 --> 00:18:28,980
+Because he has a feeling. Because a poet is
+
+237
+00:18:28,980 --> 00:18:33,740
+distinguished. Distinguished for what? For his
+
+238
+00:18:33,740 --> 00:18:37,240
+imagination. And these are the ingredients of
+
+239
+00:18:37,240 --> 00:18:41,300
+creativity. So here, the daffodils, this scene of
+
+240
+00:18:41,300 --> 00:18:47,400
+harmony, this scene of happiness, is what? This
+
+241
+00:18:47,400 --> 00:18:52,520
+scene represents the ingredients of creativity. A
+
+242
+00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:56,280
+poet could not but be gay in such a joking
+
+243
+00:18:56,280 --> 00:19:05,440
+company. It's a, you know, a very joyful company,
+
+244
+00:19:05,640 --> 00:19:07,420
+in such a joking company.
+
+245
+00:19:13,160 --> 00:19:16,820
+I gazed and gazed, but little thought. This
+
+246
+00:19:16,820 --> 00:19:20,800
+contradicts with wondering. I gazed and gazed, but
+
+247
+00:19:20,800 --> 00:19:25,560
+little thought. Little, you know, worrying about
+
+248
+00:19:25,560 --> 00:19:29,680
+little loneliness. No loneliness. Little thought.
+
+249
+00:19:30,680 --> 00:19:35,160
+No more concerns. So this is the value of the
+
+250
+00:19:35,160 --> 00:19:41,180
+romantic experience. It obliterates the sense of
+
+251
+00:19:41,180 --> 00:19:46,100
+loneliness. I gazed and gazed, but little thought.
+
+252
+00:19:50,010 --> 00:19:52,670
+So it's imagination.
+
+253
+00:19:55,010 --> 00:19:58,970
+What wealth the show to me had brought? What
+
+254
+00:19:58,970 --> 00:20:04,130
+wealth? The show to me was a source of richness.
+
+255
+00:20:05,210 --> 00:20:07,970
+Why? Why do you think it was a source of richness?
+
+256
+00:20:08,770 --> 00:20:14,410
+Because it is an experience which is stored in the
+
+257
+00:20:14,410 --> 00:20:18,420
+mind which is going to be recreated and
+
+258
+00:20:18,420 --> 00:20:22,440
+reconstructed by the poet's imagination. So it is
+
+259
+00:20:22,440 --> 00:20:22,740
+wealth.
+
+260
+00:20:27,900 --> 00:20:33,140
+And here he's answering for off because for off it
+
+261
+00:20:33,140 --> 00:20:37,580
+is wealth. Why? Because when later on my couch I
+
+262
+00:20:37,580 --> 00:20:42,500
+lie in vacant or in pensive mood when I'm again
+
+263
+00:20:42,500 --> 00:20:47,340
+sick, when I'm again lonely, And I don't go
+
+264
+00:20:47,340 --> 00:20:51,980
+outside to see the devils. These devils revisit.
+
+265
+00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:55,220
+Why? Because they are in my mind and heart. They
+
+266
+00:20:55,220 --> 00:21:00,040
+are stored. They are rearranged, reconstructed by
+
+267
+00:21:00,040 --> 00:21:04,880
+my own imagination. So here, look here, we are not
+
+268
+00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:10,860
+talking about nature as being like,
+
+269
+00:21:11,320 --> 00:21:17,460
+as we said, nature in itself. doing this to man.
+
+270
+00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:20,360
+It is man give and take. He's giving imagination,
+
+271
+00:21:20,660 --> 00:21:22,940
+and he's taking the beauty and reconstructing the
+
+272
+00:21:22,940 --> 00:21:26,180
+beauty. So there is interaction between man and
+
+273
+00:21:26,180 --> 00:21:30,720
+nature. It is not one way. For I am off when in my
+
+274
+00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:36,680
+couch. I lie in vacant or in pensive mood. What
+
+275
+00:21:36,680 --> 00:21:41,920
+happens? They flash upon the inward eye. They
+
+276
+00:21:41,920 --> 00:21:46,430
+flash. Look here. Everything is becoming internal.
+
+277
+00:21:47,710 --> 00:21:51,810
+These Davids flash upon the inward eye. Inward
+
+278
+00:21:51,810 --> 00:21:56,350
+eye, the imagination, which is the bliss. This is
+
+279
+00:21:56,350 --> 00:21:59,470
+the eye of imagination. It's funny, huh? Which is
+
+280
+00:21:59,470 --> 00:22:04,170
+the bliss of solitude. The imagination is the
+
+281
+00:22:04,170 --> 00:22:07,650
+blessing of solitude. Because in solitude,
+
+282
+00:22:08,030 --> 00:22:09,310
+imagination is active.
+
+283
+00:22:18,510 --> 00:22:23,650
+And then my heart with pleasure fills and dances
+
+284
+00:22:23,650 --> 00:22:26,350
+with the devils. This heart was dancing, you know,
+
+285
+00:22:26,770 --> 00:22:31,870
+and dances with the devils. So where is the I? Is
+
+286
+00:22:31,870 --> 00:22:36,430
+the I, the lonely I, disappeared? And now the I is
+
+287
+00:22:36,430 --> 00:22:42,890
+merging with nature, is part of nature. Okay? Now
+
+288
+00:22:42,890 --> 00:22:47,570
+in a very quick way, you see it is a movement. It
+
+289
+00:22:47,570 --> 00:22:51,010
+is an experience of happiness. It is an experience
+
+290
+00:22:51,010 --> 00:22:56,430
+of recreation. And man is not passive. Man has
+
+291
+00:22:56,430 --> 00:23:01,270
+something to do with nature. I want you to listen
+
+292
+00:23:01,270 --> 00:23:07,850
+to the, let's see. I'm not sure whether you got
+
+293
+00:23:07,850 --> 00:23:08,950
+this song or not.
+
+294
+00:23:33,110 --> 00:23:38,440
+I wonder how many are still around That floats on
+
+295
+00:23:38,440 --> 00:23:45,680
+high over hills and fields, Where once I saw him
+
+296
+00:23:45,680 --> 00:23:51,980
+prowl, A horse of gold and amber in heels.
+
+297
+00:23:52,840 --> 00:23:57,460
+Beside the lake beneath the trees, Luttering and
+
+298
+00:23:57,460 --> 00:23:59,320
+dancing in the breeze.
+
+299
+00:24:02,050 --> 00:24:07,130
+These are the living trees Fluttering and dancing
+
+300
+00:24:07,130 --> 00:24:16,110
+in the warm breeze in the breeze Come
+
+301
+00:24:16,110 --> 00:24:20,670
+to yourselves the stars that shine And twinkle on
+
+302
+00:24:20,670 --> 00:24:28,250
+them every way They stretch to never ending line
+
+303
+00:24:28,750 --> 00:24:31,890
+along the margin of the day.
+
+304
+00:24:34,810 --> 00:24:41,370
+Ten thousand lions charging their heads, grinding
+
+305
+00:24:41,370 --> 00:24:48,870
+their knees. Ten thousand lions charging their
+
+306
+00:24:48,870 --> 00:24:52,770
+heads, grinding their knees.
+
+307
+00:25:13,140 --> 00:25:18,040
+The waves beside them dance, But they are kings,
+
+308
+00:25:18,060 --> 00:25:20,740
+sparkling, blazing green.
+
+309
+00:25:22,840 --> 00:25:27,650
+Up the hill, good heart, up the hill, It's such a
+
+310
+00:25:27,650 --> 00:25:35,310
+job uncommonly easy I isn't easy when there's a
+
+311
+00:25:35,310 --> 00:25:43,310
+lot of work that goes into it I isn't
+
+312
+00:25:43,310 --> 00:25:47,590
+easy when there's a lot of work that goes into it
+
+313
+00:25:57,280 --> 00:26:03,120
+For all the love I've lost my life in making your
+
+314
+00:26:03,120 --> 00:26:09,980
+dreams come true. And the love that you've given
+
+315
+00:26:09,980 --> 00:26:13,720
+me, which isn't necessarily true.
+
+316
+00:26:16,950 --> 00:26:21,990
+And my heart with pleasure it moves And dances and
+
+317
+00:26:21,990 --> 00:26:28,950
+dances with another And my heart with pleasure it
+
+318
+00:26:28,950 --> 00:26:38,130
+moves And dances and dances with another And
+
+319
+00:26:38,130 --> 00:26:43,210
+my heart with pleasure it moves
+
+320
+00:26:56,650 --> 00:27:02,810
+Very fun, huh? Okay, so now I know I'm just racing
+
+321
+00:27:02,810 --> 00:27:05,710
+with time because I need to go and
+
+322
+00:27:10,900 --> 00:27:14,500
+Yes. As you see, this extract is quoted from Henry
+
+323
+00:27:14,500 --> 00:27:18,160
+Howard's sonnet, Description of Spring, where
+
+324
+00:27:18,160 --> 00:27:22,120
+everything changes save the lover. It's the title.
+
+325
+00:27:22,540 --> 00:27:25,180
+It's, you know, the extract. This is part of the
+
+326
+00:27:25,180 --> 00:27:29,060
+context. Henry Howard's Earl of Surrey was an
+
+327
+00:27:29,060 --> 00:27:33,260
+English poet who further modulated the sonnet
+
+328
+00:27:33,260 --> 00:27:37,520
+because we are talking about Sir Thomas Wyatt. He
+
+329
+00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:40,980
+also modulated the sonnet. It's a little bit, not
+
+330
+00:27:40,980 --> 00:27:42,020
+talking much about him.
+
+331
+00:27:45,560 --> 00:27:48,840
+To make it fit with courtly love, because courtly
+
+332
+00:27:48,840 --> 00:27:52,040
+love is a theme which they wrote about, a very
+
+333
+00:27:52,040 --> 00:27:54,860
+traditional English theme. Howard's sonnet,
+
+334
+00:27:54,980 --> 00:27:57,400
+Description of Spring, is no exception, because in
+
+335
+00:27:57,400 --> 00:28:01,860
+this sonnet, he was playing with the form. This
+
+336
+00:28:01,860 --> 00:28:04,660
+given extract is part of an argument, and this is
+
+337
+00:28:04,660 --> 00:28:08,120
+the most important thing, in which the poet wants
+
+338
+00:28:08,120 --> 00:28:12,520
+to assert his manhood, because it's courtly law,
+
+339
+00:28:12,960 --> 00:28:16,000
+at the expense of unidentified,
+
+340
+00:28:17,980 --> 00:28:20,940
+she's not known, we don't know her name, yet very
+
+341
+00:28:20,940 --> 00:28:27,260
+cruel and indifferent mistress. However, Howard,
+
+342
+00:28:27,620 --> 00:28:33,190
+who is known for his nobility, was not blunt in
+
+343
+00:28:33,190 --> 00:28:39,670
+doing so. He didn't do it in a very blunt way. He
+
+344
+00:28:39,670 --> 00:28:44,530
+didn't criticize her. He was very polite. Okay.
+
+345
+00:28:51,990 --> 00:28:56,950
+He didn't do it in a blunt way. Sorry.
+
+346
+00:29:00,300 --> 00:29:04,520
+He ephemistically, because he was ephemistic, as
+
+347
+00:29:04,520 --> 00:29:07,740
+we said, and in a very unique device called
+
+348
+00:29:07,740 --> 00:29:12,820
+juxtaposition, was able to get our sympathy, and
+
+349
+00:29:12,820 --> 00:29:15,860
+in a sense, our admiration and veneration. And
+
+350
+00:29:15,860 --> 00:29:17,520
+this is what is happening at the end of the poem.
+
+351
+00:29:18,540 --> 00:29:24,060
+This juxtaposition has spawned,
+
+352
+00:29:24,340 --> 00:29:30,150
+spawned, generated unique situational irony. Like,
+
+353
+00:29:30,310 --> 00:29:32,930
+few people talk about the irony, because it is
+
+354
+00:29:32,930 --> 00:29:35,750
+there, where everything in the external world is
+
+355
+00:29:35,750 --> 00:29:38,610
+changing to the better, except the poet's
+
+356
+00:29:38,610 --> 00:29:42,450
+situation, which gets worse and worse. This is,
+
+357
+00:29:42,470 --> 00:29:45,090
+you know, the introduction. You have lines of
+
+358
+00:29:45,090 --> 00:29:52,070
+ideas I'm going to discuss. As hinted above, the
+
+359
+00:29:52,070 --> 00:29:55,210
+given extract represents... Now, I'm talking about
+
+360
+00:29:55,210 --> 00:29:57,110
+the extract. I'm not talking about the poem.
+
+361
+00:29:58,010 --> 00:30:01,490
+represents an extension of a vivid description. It
+
+362
+00:30:01,490 --> 00:30:04,810
+is a continuation of a vivid description of the
+
+363
+00:30:04,810 --> 00:30:09,410
+outside in order to be ironically juxtaposed by
+
+364
+00:30:09,410 --> 00:30:13,970
+the inside. In the first and the second quatrain,
+
+365
+00:30:14,750 --> 00:30:19,970
+Howard depicted a lovely picture of rebirth and
+
+366
+00:30:19,970 --> 00:30:25,430
+regeneration after the advent of spring. In this
+
+367
+00:30:25,430 --> 00:30:29,870
+extract, The poet further demonstrates the
+
+368
+00:30:29,870 --> 00:30:33,870
+procreative, you know, the active, the creative
+
+369
+00:30:33,870 --> 00:30:39,190
+urge of spring. The fate, you know, like the urge,
+
+370
+00:30:39,290 --> 00:30:41,890
+the life itself, the motive of life. This is
+
+371
+00:30:41,890 --> 00:30:45,750
+effected by a series, this is achieved by a series
+
+372
+00:30:45,750 --> 00:30:49,010
+of metaphors and personifications. I don't have to
+
+373
+00:30:49,010 --> 00:30:51,550
+say this is a metaphor, this is a personification.
+
+374
+00:30:52,070 --> 00:30:58,260
+Just like you mention them quickly. As in the
+
+375
+00:30:58,260 --> 00:31:01,320
+other Harris-Lowe-Awashi slings, the busy bee
+
+376
+00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:06,840
+mingling her honey and winter is warm. This is
+
+377
+00:31:06,840 --> 00:31:11,540
+further augmented by the sense of vitality induced
+
+378
+00:31:11,540 --> 00:31:14,720
+by the image of the swift, because we have an
+
+379
+00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:19,680
+image. of the swift swallow pursuing the fly. It
+
+380
+00:31:19,680 --> 00:31:23,020
+is, as we said, it is a kinetic image. It is, you
+
+381
+00:31:23,020 --> 00:31:26,380
+know, a movement image. The alliteration of a
+
+382
+00:31:26,380 --> 00:31:29,860
+swift swallow and busy bee along with the
+
+383
+00:31:29,860 --> 00:31:34,960
+onomatopoeia in busy bee imbues, decorates the
+
+384
+00:31:34,960 --> 00:31:38,620
+whole atmosphere with a sense of vitality and
+
+385
+00:31:38,620 --> 00:31:44,140
+festivity. It's like happiness. Indeed, such a
+
+386
+00:31:44,140 --> 00:31:48,040
+vivid description which is depicted in this
+
+387
+00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:53,120
+extract, is a culmination of the renewal. It is
+
+388
+00:31:53,120 --> 00:31:58,000
+the top of the renewal and regeneration in the
+
+389
+00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:02,200
+natural world. Unfortunately, it's the idea, like
+
+390
+00:32:02,200 --> 00:32:05,320
+now I have to talk about the poet. Unfortunately,
+
+391
+00:32:05,460 --> 00:32:08,600
+the change in the external world was not to
+
+392
+00:32:08,600 --> 00:32:13,450
+include the poet. It's a spelling mistake, but I
+
+393
+00:32:13,450 --> 00:32:16,650
+corrected it. And in a very ironic way, the poet's
+
+394
+00:32:16,650 --> 00:32:20,070
+situation aggravates so much to the extent that he
+
+395
+00:32:20,070 --> 00:32:24,090
+succeeds in getting our compassion and sympathy.
+
+396
+00:32:24,970 --> 00:32:29,490
+In this sense, the final couplet has come to
+
+397
+00:32:29,490 --> 00:32:35,190
+sharply deviate from the norm established because
+
+398
+00:32:35,190 --> 00:32:39,740
+everything was changing. Established in the whole
+
+399
+00:32:39,740 --> 00:32:44,440
+poem, the normal expectation was the agonizing
+
+400
+00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:49,620
+experience of the card lover would terminate as
+
+401
+00:32:49,620 --> 00:32:52,180
+was the case with the other living things. This is
+
+402
+00:32:52,180 --> 00:32:56,920
+what everybody expected. Yet the poet's situation
+
+403
+00:32:56,920 --> 00:33:01,310
+seems to be otherwise. With a innocence of
+
+404
+00:33:01,310 --> 00:33:04,830
+increasing pain, the courtly lover complains in
+
+405
+00:33:04,830 --> 00:33:08,230
+the final couplet, and thus I see among these
+
+406
+00:33:08,230 --> 00:33:12,370
+things each care decays and my sorrow springs.
+
+407
+00:33:13,610 --> 00:33:19,180
+Here the poet surprises us by the paradox. which
+
+408
+00:33:19,180 --> 00:33:23,820
+in its turns evokes a situational irony, where we
+
+409
+00:33:23,820 --> 00:33:27,240
+see the disparity between the external world and
+
+410
+00:33:27,240 --> 00:33:32,460
+the internal world of the poet. It is then we feel
+
+411
+00:33:32,460 --> 00:33:35,940
+that this sense of sorrow is so deep that the poet
+
+412
+00:33:35,940 --> 00:33:38,980
+heaves out, you know, sighs,
+
+413
+00:33:41,640 --> 00:33:44,060
+is excessive suffering when he poses in the middle
+
+414
+00:33:44,060 --> 00:33:47,220
+of the final. This caesura, and we talked about
+
+415
+00:33:47,220 --> 00:33:50,500
+the caesura, we talked about the pose. This
+
+416
+00:33:50,500 --> 00:33:54,600
+caesura, nobody talked about this caesura, it is
+
+417
+00:33:54,600 --> 00:33:59,960
+there, is enough indication of the pose's ability
+
+418
+00:33:59,960 --> 00:34:04,980
+of endurance and perseverance. It is then we
+
+419
+00:34:04,980 --> 00:34:11,780
+realize the reason behind this suffering is the
+
+420
+00:34:11,780 --> 00:34:15,160
+unfaithful and fickle mistress. Hence we start
+
+421
+00:34:15,160 --> 00:34:18,560
+admiring the poet and in the meantime we denounce
+
+422
+00:34:18,560 --> 00:34:22,910
+the lady. In this sense, we can definitely assert
+
+423
+00:34:22,910 --> 00:34:25,990
+that the poet has successfully made a statement
+
+424
+00:34:25,990 --> 00:34:30,230
+about his own nobility and sincerity. And in the
+
+425
+00:34:30,230 --> 00:34:33,090
+meantime, this is like courtly love. It's exercise
+
+426
+00:34:33,090 --> 00:34:36,690
+in masculinity. And in the meantime, made us
+
+427
+00:34:36,690 --> 00:34:40,610
+denounce the woman for her cruelty and infidelity.
+
+428
+00:34:41,390 --> 00:34:44,530
+It is not surprising, though, that the whole theme
+
+429
+00:34:44,530 --> 00:34:48,350
+of the poem is revealed in the final couplet of
+
+430
+00:34:48,350 --> 00:34:52,180
+the poem. It seems here that Howard is paving the
+
+431
+00:34:52,180 --> 00:34:54,660
+way for Shakespeare, who was the master of
+
+432
+00:34:54,660 --> 00:34:57,920
+resolving any conflict or dilemma in The
+
+433
+00:34:57,920 --> 00:35:01,720
+Complaint. To conclude in this extract, a vivid
+
+434
+00:35:01,720 --> 00:35:05,640
+image of renewal is intensified, and conversely
+
+435
+00:35:05,640 --> 00:35:08,900
+the poet's situation worsens due to the ungrateful
+
+436
+00:35:08,900 --> 00:35:13,560
+lady who seems unwilling to reciprocate the poet's
+
+437
+00:35:13,560 --> 00:35:17,060
+feelings of love. All of this was done in a very
+
+438
+00:35:17,060 --> 00:35:20,520
+poetic style where the poet employed several
+
+439
+00:35:20,520 --> 00:35:24,580
+tropes, imagery, and internal rhyme. Verily, the
+
+440
+00:35:24,580 --> 00:35:27,600
+couplet made us cry and say, there is no justice
+
+441
+00:35:27,600 --> 00:35:31,320
+in the world. I know this style is a little bit
+
+442
+00:35:31,320 --> 00:35:36,940
+high style, but you can also write in your style.
+
+443
+00:35:38,200 --> 00:35:41,540
+But here, you see, it is concentrated. I'm not
+
+444
+00:35:41,540 --> 00:35:44,680
+concentrating on the whole poem. I'm not losing.
+
+445
+00:35:45,840 --> 00:35:49,440
+I'm just looking at the extract. And I'm following
+
+446
+00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:54,860
+a sequence of ideas. All the time I have been
+
+447
+00:35:54,860 --> 00:36:00,160
+hesitant to write model answers because it seems
+
+448
+00:36:00,160 --> 00:36:02,480
+to be intimidating. You say, can I write like
+
+449
+00:36:02,480 --> 00:36:05,680
+this? You can write better. I want to say you can
+
+450
+00:36:05,680 --> 00:36:09,650
+write better. I enjoy some of you wrote very well,
+
+451
+00:36:10,150 --> 00:36:13,710
+but you can do the same in a less rhetorical
+
+452
+00:36:13,710 --> 00:36:19,410
+style. You know, you can do it. It's a model. I
+
+453
+00:36:19,410 --> 00:36:23,530
+want you to look at it and to follow such a model
+
+454
+00:36:23,530 --> 00:36:29,670
+in your final exam. Okay? Any question? Any
+
+455
+00:36:29,670 --> 00:36:34,390
+concern? Thank you very much for being good
+
+456
+00:36:34,390 --> 00:36:35,090
+audience today.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/xWZ2TPdl7Uw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1721 @@
+
+1
+00:00:12,340 --> 00:00:17,900
+Good morning everybody. How are you? How was the
+
+2
+00:00:17,900 --> 00:00:25,400
+weekend? Very busy or you were relaxed? No
+
+3
+00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:30,340
+relaxation? I hope that though you are spending
+
+4
+00:00:30,340 --> 00:00:36,000
+some time on studying poetry. Do you? Did you have
+
+5
+00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:40,420
+a time to look at the oxen? How did you find it?
+
+6
+00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:48,380
+Weird. Very strange. Okay, we'll come to that, you
+
+7
+00:00:48,380 --> 00:00:54,220
+know, to your response after we listen to a report
+
+8
+00:00:54,220 --> 00:01:01,170
+or two. And I know I collected your reports, and
+
+9
+00:01:01,170 --> 00:01:03,630
+I'm going to collect them at any time, even your
+
+10
+00:01:03,630 --> 00:01:07,890
+responses. You see what I mean? So be careful. I
+
+11
+00:01:07,890 --> 00:01:10,010
+told you from the very beginning, you have to come
+
+12
+00:01:10,010 --> 00:01:13,610
+to each class. So those students who thought that
+
+13
+00:01:13,610 --> 00:01:16,530
+they came and I gave them the mark, I can take it
+
+14
+00:01:16,530 --> 00:01:19,990
+back if you don't continue this. So I might
+
+15
+00:01:19,990 --> 00:01:23,110
+collect it at any moment, the reports. And this
+
+16
+00:01:23,110 --> 00:01:27,360
+time, if you miss a report, you know, you're going
+
+17
+00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:32,380
+to miss the whole bonus mark. So be careful and
+
+18
+00:01:32,380 --> 00:01:37,240
+try not to miss any report or any response. Good.
+
+19
+00:01:38,280 --> 00:01:43,800
+Yes, Miss Saleh, yes. I think your name is Athar,
+
+20
+00:01:44,540 --> 00:01:47,680
+if I'm not mistaken. So I started to have a good
+
+21
+00:01:47,680 --> 00:01:48,020
+memory.
+
+22
+00:01:52,690 --> 00:01:55,570
+To be away from university for three weeks is a
+
+23
+00:01:55,570 --> 00:01:58,090
+terrible thing. I was very sick and stayed at home
+
+24
+00:01:58,090 --> 00:02:00,970
+a long time and missed a lot of lectures for seven
+
+25
+00:02:00,970 --> 00:02:03,650
+courses. Poetry course was the most comfortable
+
+26
+00:02:03,650 --> 00:02:06,210
+one while I was watching the videotaping lecture.
+
+27
+00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:11,210
+I was very clear, I feel like I stay, it was very
+
+28
+00:02:11,210 --> 00:02:14,450
+clear, I feel like I stay at the class but I don't
+
+29
+00:02:14,450 --> 00:02:18,110
+know what I will do for the other courses. Okay,
+
+30
+00:02:18,170 --> 00:02:23,030
+thank you. We understand and perhaps this is the
+
+31
+00:02:23,030 --> 00:02:25,890
+purpose why I agreed to videotape these classes
+
+32
+00:02:25,890 --> 00:02:31,430
+because sometimes some students have invincible
+
+33
+00:02:31,430 --> 00:02:33,650
+circumstances,
+
+34
+00:02:34,450 --> 00:02:40,130
+something that they cannot control. And the
+
+35
+00:02:40,130 --> 00:02:43,710
+videotaping is for those students who cannot come
+
+36
+00:02:43,710 --> 00:02:49,250
+because of difficult circumstances. Good. Yes, we
+
+37
+00:02:49,250 --> 00:02:54,330
+need another creative report. Who thinks that her
+
+38
+00:02:54,330 --> 00:02:58,730
+report is creative? Okay. I think you're lucky
+
+39
+00:02:58,730 --> 00:03:02,690
+this is the fifth time you're standing here. You
+
+40
+00:03:02,690 --> 00:03:07,270
+don't remember? You don't count times? Okay, good.
+
+41
+00:03:07,610 --> 00:03:11,360
+You're lucky then. Good morning, everybody. That
+
+42
+00:03:11,360 --> 00:03:17,260
+lecture was I attended in the previous lecture, so
+
+43
+00:03:17,260 --> 00:03:19,980
+I wrote about it. The lecture was too
+
+44
+00:03:19,980 --> 00:03:24,340
+distinguishable because
+
+45
+00:03:24,340 --> 00:03:27,820
+we discussed a poem that seems enjoyable. Also, we
+
+46
+00:03:27,820 --> 00:03:30,160
+interested ourselves by the questions the teacher
+
+47
+00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:33,740
+asked, and Mr. Habib gave us many chances to ask.
+
+48
+00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:37,200
+Then, we gave gut responses to the poem, and the
+
+49
+00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:40,120
+teacher thanked us because of our deep thinking
+
+50
+00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:43,770
+for expressing them. He read to us the first
+
+51
+00:03:43,770 --> 00:03:47,530
+stanza and asked questions about this stanza. Next
+
+52
+00:03:47,530 --> 00:03:50,030
+to that, we talked about Christianity and
+
+53
+00:03:50,030 --> 00:03:52,750
+Christmas and talked about some aspects of this
+
+54
+00:03:52,750 --> 00:03:56,390
+day and being gorgeous. After that, Mr. Habib told
+
+55
+00:03:56,390 --> 00:03:59,650
+us to search about the miracles accompanying our
+
+56
+00:03:59,650 --> 00:04:03,160
+Prophet Muhammad's birth So we agreed with him and
+
+57
+00:04:03,160 --> 00:04:05,880
+decided or promised to make such a research.
+
+58
+00:04:06,300 --> 00:04:09,720
+Finally, time is over and the teacher asked us to
+
+59
+00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:12,940
+rebirth. So we left the lecture and promised to
+
+60
+00:04:12,940 --> 00:04:15,380
+participate while I'm here. Thank you very much.
+
+61
+00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:18,660
+Good. It's a nice response and you reminded me of
+
+62
+00:04:18,660 --> 00:04:22,200
+like an assignment I gave, like to talk about the
+
+63
+00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:24,200
+miracles that accompanied the birth of Prophet
+
+64
+00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:28,850
+Muhammad, peace be upon him. But before that, this
+
+65
+00:04:28,850 --> 00:04:34,470
+is what I'm planning. I'm planning to look at the
+
+66
+00:04:34,470 --> 00:04:40,060
+poem again, to simplify it. And then to consider,
+
+67
+00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:43,680
+this is the main focus of today's class, is to
+
+68
+00:04:43,680 --> 00:04:46,900
+concentrate on the stylistic analysis. This is
+
+69
+00:04:46,900 --> 00:04:50,700
+like something we are doing, or we have been doing
+
+70
+00:04:50,700 --> 00:04:55,340
+this, like stylistic analysis, but not on a large
+
+71
+00:04:55,340 --> 00:04:59,000
+scale. Today we are going to concentrate more on
+
+72
+00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:03,950
+stylistic analysis. Okay, but before that, I want
+
+73
+00:05:03,950 --> 00:05:07,750
+to listen or to see how did you find the poem? Was
+
+74
+00:05:07,750 --> 00:05:11,170
+it like easy, difficult? Do you like it, you
+
+75
+00:05:11,170 --> 00:05:13,890
+didn't like it when you read it? How you felt?
+
+76
+00:05:14,690 --> 00:05:18,150
+Okay, so we're coming back to square number one.
+
+77
+00:05:19,310 --> 00:05:20,010
+Okay, yes?
+
+78
+00:05:23,710 --> 00:05:26,650
+Yes, how did you find the poem, Rawand? Actually,
+
+79
+00:05:26,710 --> 00:05:28,910
+when I first read it, I didn't get anything. Uh
+
+80
+00:05:28,910 --> 00:05:29,790
+-huh, very good.
+
+81
+00:05:34,010 --> 00:05:37,570
+Yeah, because, you know, it started, the poem, you
+
+82
+00:05:37,570 --> 00:05:43,250
+know, started by, like, just one, talking about
+
+83
+00:05:43,250 --> 00:05:50,270
+Christmas Eve and twelve o'clock. Good. And I
+
+84
+00:05:50,270 --> 00:05:53,210
+understand that it was about superstition.
+
+85
+00:05:55,150 --> 00:05:58,350
+Superstition? Superstition, yeah. About the office
+
+86
+00:05:58,350 --> 00:06:02,930
+and nails to be used on Christmas night. So you
+
+87
+00:06:02,930 --> 00:06:08,770
+discovered it was about superstition. Okay. So
+
+88
+00:06:08,770 --> 00:06:13,770
+like they said, that was a superstition. Who said
+
+89
+00:06:13,770 --> 00:06:20,370
+that? The older man in the twin said that it was a
+
+90
+00:06:20,370 --> 00:06:22,890
+superstition. At that time, Harvey was a child. He
+
+91
+00:06:22,890 --> 00:06:25,430
+and his dad were just leaving, and they didn't
+
+92
+00:06:25,430 --> 00:06:28,350
+even think about it, or that it might be not true.
+
+93
+00:06:28,470 --> 00:06:31,510
+No, hold on. Okay, Khaled, could you get us the
+
+94
+00:06:31,510 --> 00:06:37,250
+internet, please? Okay. Yes. So Hardy thought it
+
+95
+00:06:37,250 --> 00:06:37,670
+was.
+
+96
+00:06:41,990 --> 00:06:46,450
+So they didn't think it was a superstition. Okay.
+
+97
+00:06:46,750 --> 00:06:49,510
+They thought it was something real. You know what,
+
+98
+00:06:50,070 --> 00:06:54,090
+what, what is she's talking about? What's what
+
+99
+00:06:54,090 --> 00:06:57,550
+superstition she's talking about? Yeah, the
+
+100
+00:06:57,550 --> 00:07:02,370
+kneeling, you know, of the oxen. Because here, I
+
+101
+00:07:02,370 --> 00:07:05,710
+mean, this is like the picture the poem starts
+
+102
+00:07:05,710 --> 00:07:09,270
+with. It starts with like a group of people
+
+103
+00:07:09,270 --> 00:07:14,190
+sitting together and an elder person, like perhaps
+
+104
+00:07:14,190 --> 00:07:19,390
+a priest or perhaps like a wise man was telling
+
+105
+00:07:19,390 --> 00:07:24,190
+them stories about the birth of Jesus Christ. And
+
+106
+00:07:24,190 --> 00:07:28,070
+one of these stories was the kneeling of the oxen.
+
+107
+00:07:29,130 --> 00:07:36,410
+Now, yeah, that was like a superstitious, like
+
+108
+00:07:36,410 --> 00:07:41,370
+this is what some people said, you know, but
+
+109
+00:07:41,370 --> 00:07:45,130
+Christian would say that this is a miracle, you
+
+110
+00:07:45,130 --> 00:07:50,970
+know, because we're talking about, let's say, a
+
+111
+00:07:50,970 --> 00:07:54,390
+cosmic event. We're not talking about, you know,
+
+112
+00:07:54,410 --> 00:07:58,570
+it is a birth of a prophet. And we said, you know,
+
+113
+00:07:58,670 --> 00:08:03,240
+like, we should not talk about, you know, the
+
+114
+00:08:03,240 --> 00:08:06,380
+birth of prophets in this way, like it was
+
+115
+00:08:06,380 --> 00:08:11,420
+superstition. Because, you know, we believe like
+
+116
+00:08:11,420 --> 00:08:16,540
+there are miracles accompanying the birth of
+
+117
+00:08:16,540 --> 00:08:19,120
+prophets. And I gave you an assignment last time
+
+118
+00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:22,200
+to tell me about the miracles that accompanied
+
+119
+00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:26,080
+Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. Did you like
+
+120
+00:08:26,080 --> 00:08:31,260
+get any? Yes? Yeah, there are many miracles that
+
+121
+00:08:31,260 --> 00:08:34,060
+happened. One of them is that the idols fall down
+
+122
+00:08:34,060 --> 00:08:39,440
+on their faces. Yeah, the idols, like, yeah, fell
+
+123
+00:08:39,440 --> 00:08:44,220
+down on their faces. Okay. And also, the light
+
+124
+00:08:44,220 --> 00:08:47,480
+went out and came in a large area of the Arabian
+
+125
+00:08:47,480 --> 00:08:50,520
+Peninsula. Yeah, there was some, you know,
+
+126
+00:08:50,580 --> 00:08:55,640
+eclipse. Okay. And also, from the Taiwan factions,
+
+127
+00:08:56,180 --> 00:09:03,620
+Yeah, you can say bracelets. The Persian
+
+128
+00:09:03,620 --> 00:09:07,900
+fire was extinguished. So these were the miracles
+
+129
+00:09:07,900 --> 00:09:08,840
+that took place.
+
+130
+00:09:11,830 --> 00:09:16,370
+Okay, well, good. So again, these are the miracles
+
+131
+00:09:16,370 --> 00:09:19,790
+that accompany prophets and stories of prophets.
+
+132
+00:09:20,330 --> 00:09:24,710
+Here we have a miracle, the Christian, but I don't
+
+133
+00:09:24,710 --> 00:09:27,550
+know, it could be a superstition, but the
+
+134
+00:09:27,550 --> 00:09:32,210
+Christian would deem it as a miracle. Okay, let's
+
+135
+00:09:32,210 --> 00:09:34,350
+see other people's responses. I don't want to
+
+136
+00:09:34,350 --> 00:09:40,440
+waste time. Yes, okay. Yeah, go ahead. The oxen
+
+137
+00:09:40,440 --> 00:09:42,920
+kneeling, it was a legend. The hardy reality
+
+138
+00:09:42,920 --> 00:09:45,620
+accepted no legends. The serenity, innocence, and
+
+139
+00:09:45,620 --> 00:09:49,100
+faith torn out in these years. Is he losing faith
+
+140
+00:09:49,100 --> 00:09:51,960
+in religion or maybe in a corrupt humanity? We
+
+141
+00:09:51,960 --> 00:09:54,460
+ought to find out. Although it may not matter, the
+
+142
+00:09:54,460 --> 00:09:57,680
+war sure everything did shatter. That's it. Wow.
+
+143
+00:09:58,080 --> 00:10:00,680
+Good. Thank you very much. Again, I'm impressed by
+
+144
+00:10:00,680 --> 00:10:03,300
+Jihan's response, you know, because this is what
+
+145
+00:10:03,300 --> 00:10:07,200
+she's been doing all throughout the course, like
+
+146
+00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:11,120
+she was responding in poetry. Good. I'm also
+
+147
+00:10:11,120 --> 00:10:15,580
+interested, you know, in just knowing the response
+
+148
+00:10:15,580 --> 00:10:18,320
+of, you know, either of you. Like, what do you
+
+149
+00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:23,000
+think? What is the poem? Yeah, yeah, it's here.
+
+150
+00:10:24,680 --> 00:10:33,020
+It's coming, like... Yeah. Okay. So, what do you
+
+151
+00:10:33,020 --> 00:10:33,320
+think?
+
+152
+00:10:37,500 --> 00:10:41,740
+The oxen. I don't need a tiger. The oxen. Yes. So
+
+153
+00:10:41,740 --> 00:10:46,980
+you have to go. Yeah, what do you think? Have you
+
+154
+00:10:46,980 --> 00:10:52,320
+read the poem or not yet? Yes. Yes, there. What do
+
+155
+00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:56,880
+you think of the poem? Why is it beautiful? I
+
+156
+00:10:56,880 --> 00:11:00,000
+wrote
+
+157
+00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,680
+about his compassion. He wrote about his
+
+158
+00:11:02,680 --> 00:11:07,920
+compassion. He wrote about his compassion. So
+
+159
+00:11:07,920 --> 00:11:09,540
+because he was talking about a personal
+
+160
+00:11:09,540 --> 00:11:13,760
+experience, it's beautiful. How did he talk about
+
+161
+00:11:13,760 --> 00:11:18,480
+the personal, I mean, his past experience? How did
+
+162
+00:11:18,480 --> 00:11:23,320
+he talk? You say it's beautiful. Like what was his
+
+163
+00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:28,580
+attitude to the world of the past? Yes, Layla? I
+
+164
+00:11:28,580 --> 00:11:33,120
+think he learned from the previous day. Yeah, he
+
+165
+00:11:33,120 --> 00:11:36,720
+was nostalgic. He was homesick. He appreciated
+
+166
+00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:40,180
+very much, you know, the time when people were
+
+167
+00:11:40,180 --> 00:11:44,600
+getting together and talking. In the meantime,
+
+168
+00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:49,640
+he's not happy with how people are behaving
+
+169
+00:11:49,640 --> 00:11:53,480
+nowadays. What's the problem with people nowadays?
+
+170
+00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:56,660
+Did you feel like because he's talking about two
+
+171
+00:11:56,660 --> 00:12:00,860
+words, the past and the present? Yes. How? Yes,
+
+172
+00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:01,160
+please.
+
+173
+00:12:08,920 --> 00:12:19,540
+So in the
+
+174
+00:12:19,540 --> 00:12:22,660
+past, people trusted each other. Nowadays, people
+
+175
+00:12:22,660 --> 00:12:27,890
+do not. Nowadays, people are skeptic. They are
+
+176
+00:12:27,890 --> 00:12:30,710
+cynical. You know what I mean? To be cynical, not
+
+177
+00:12:30,710 --> 00:12:34,490
+to take, not to believe, you know, what people are
+
+178
+00:12:34,490 --> 00:12:36,850
+telling you. Yes, Jahan? Yeah, there's also no
+
+179
+00:12:36,850 --> 00:12:39,870
+spirituality, not the same spirituality that used
+
+180
+00:12:39,870 --> 00:12:42,550
+to be before that. And also because of the time
+
+181
+00:12:42,550 --> 00:12:45,630
+when he wrote the poem, it was the World War and
+
+182
+00:12:45,630 --> 00:12:49,250
+everything, so he kind of lost faith. He felt like
+
+183
+00:12:49,250 --> 00:12:51,410
+the world was losing him. Which war are you
+
+184
+00:12:51,410 --> 00:12:55,770
+talking about? World War... No, I mean, I don't
+
+185
+00:12:55,770 --> 00:12:55,970
+think...
+
+186
+00:12:58,970 --> 00:13:04,250
+It was published during the war, after the war, so
+
+187
+00:13:04,250 --> 00:13:06,890
+it felt like it's the same comparison. There was
+
+188
+00:13:06,890 --> 00:13:08,730
+no spirituality, people were fighting each other.
+
+189
+00:13:08,730 --> 00:13:11,770
+Yeah, the sea of faith was shrinking. Yeah, and
+
+190
+00:13:11,770 --> 00:13:14,150
+there wasn't the connection between the community
+
+191
+00:13:14,150 --> 00:13:16,470
+as it used to be. Everything is distorted,
+
+192
+00:13:16,670 --> 00:13:22,510
+everything is just changed. Good. Yes, any other
+
+193
+00:13:22,510 --> 00:13:23,970
+response?
+
+194
+00:13:25,800
+
+223
+00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:29,800
+contrast. For example, if we look at the pronouns,
+
+224
+00:15:30,680 --> 00:15:34,080
+you know, in the first tense, what kind of
+
+225
+00:15:34,080 --> 00:15:35,080
+pronouns we find?
+
+226
+00:15:37,930 --> 00:15:49,370
+pronouns like they, you know, we, okay, they, again. So
+
+227
+00:15:49,370 --> 00:15:52,110
+what are these nouns or what are these pronouns
+
+228
+00:15:52,110 --> 00:15:59,090
+plural, okay. If you go to the you know, what are the
+
+229
+00:15:59,090 --> 00:16:04,310
+pronouns, I. Now, this is something we can observe
+
+230
+00:16:05,430 --> 00:16:08,670
+Can you account for this? Can you explain this? So
+
+231
+00:16:08,670 --> 00:16:14,770
+what? Can you give meaning to this? Yes, please.
+
+232
+00:16:19,290 --> 00:16:21,870
+Okay, yes.
+
+233
+00:16:25,570 --> 00:16:32,030
+Yes. So, yes, like the plurality of the pronoun
+
+234
+00:16:32,030 --> 00:16:37,020
+or, you know, the plural pronouns, indicate a word
+
+235
+00:16:37,020 --> 00:16:42,020
+of cooperation, a sense of collectiveness, a sense
+
+236
+00:16:42,020 --> 00:16:48,460
+of community. So, the past was you know, a
+
+237
+00:16:48,460 --> 00:16:52,120
+collective society. The past was a society of
+
+238
+00:16:52,120 --> 00:16:55,660
+people getting together. However, today, the
+
+239
+00:16:55,660 --> 00:16:58,480
+present, you know, and this is the Victorian, you
+
+240
+00:16:58,480 --> 00:17:01,680
+know, the late Victorian age, it is a world of
+
+241
+00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:04,840
+individualism. It is a world of, you know,
+
+242
+00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:07,560
+selfishness. Okay, so this is clear.
+
+243
+00:17:11,220 --> 00:17:14,020
+What about the verbs? The verbs.
+
+244
+00:17:17,020 --> 00:17:17,960
+You look at the verbs.
+
+245
+00:17:22,960 --> 00:17:23,420
+Yes.
+
+246
+00:17:26,520 --> 00:17:32,880
+Yes. Past tenses. And how did he talk about the
+
+247
+00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:36,830
+past? Like, he talked about the past in a very
+
+248
+00:17:36,830 --> 00:17:40,510
+clear way, like somebody, like, we sat, we
+
+249
+00:17:40,510 --> 00:17:45,090
+pictured. So, he was describing a very, you know,
+
+250
+00:17:45,730 --> 00:17:48,770
+let's say, a positive word, a very romantic word
+
+251
+00:17:48,770 --> 00:17:52,190
+where people cooperated, got together, and they
+
+252
+00:17:52,190 --> 00:17:54,970
+enjoyed themselves around the fire site.
+
+253
+00:17:59,870 --> 00:18:07,070
+But here, in the present, you see? What are these
+
+254
+00:18:07,070 --> 00:18:14,090
+verbs? Modal verbs. And okay, so modal verbs have
+
+255
+00:18:14,090 --> 00:18:20,770
+to do with what? Skepticism. Why? I know like this
+
+256
+00:18:20,770 --> 00:18:23,410
+is what you found in like the stylistic analysis,
+
+257
+00:18:23,610 --> 00:18:27,030
+but why? Why skepticism? What are the modal verbs?
+
+258
+00:18:27,510 --> 00:18:29,770
+Why do we call, what are the modal verbs?
+
+259
+00:18:32,590 --> 00:18:37,390
+Okay, what do we call the modal verbs? Modality.
+
+260
+00:18:37,610 --> 00:18:38,270
+What is modality?
+
+261
+00:18:42,490 --> 00:18:45,550
+A personal point of view. A personal point of
+
+262
+00:18:45,550 --> 00:18:47,250
+view. Could you elaborate a little bit? Thank you
+
+263
+00:18:47,250 --> 00:18:54,550
+very much. So, when I use, you know, like a modal
+
+264
+00:18:54,550 --> 00:18:57,890
+verb, it means I'm expressing a personal point of
+
+265
+00:18:57,890 --> 00:18:59,170
+view. How?
+
+266
+00:19:07,350 --> 00:19:09,230
+I feel okay.
+
+267
+00:19:13,670 --> 00:19:13,670
+Yes,
+
+268
+00:19:17,630 --> 00:19:25,090
+like for example, he must be outside or she must
+
+269
+00:19:25,090 --> 00:19:33,290
+be sick. It will rain. You know, you are talking
+
+270
+00:19:33,290 --> 00:19:38,730
+about things in a very uncertain manner. So the
+
+271
+00:19:38,730 --> 00:19:44,010
+model verbs have to do with uncertainty. You know,
+
+272
+00:19:44,070 --> 00:19:46,190
+uncertainty or doubt. Yes?
+
+273
+00:19:55,950 --> 00:19:59,430
+Yeah, like, you know, even like the word hope,
+
+274
+00:19:59,990 --> 00:20:03,090
+hoping it might be so, there is uncertainty, the
+
+275
+00:20:03,090 --> 00:20:06,930
+word hoping it might be so. So, yes, we're moving
+
+276
+00:20:06,930 --> 00:20:12,390
+from a sense of certainty to a sense of
+
+277
+00:20:12,390 --> 00:20:18,330
+uncertainty, to a sense of, you know, like clarity
+
+278
+00:20:18,330 --> 00:20:21,010
+to a sense of ambiguity. You see what I mean?
+
+279
+00:20:21,670 --> 00:20:21,950
+Good.
+
+280
+00:20:26,190 --> 00:20:31,650
+Also, if we look at the syntactic choices, you
+
+281
+00:20:31,650 --> 00:20:35,490
+know what means syntactic? The words. The words.
+
+282
+00:20:39,150 --> 00:20:44,010
+What do you think? The words.
+
+283
+00:20:47,610 --> 00:20:54,510
+And even like, have you like compared between here
+
+284
+00:20:56,190 --> 00:20:59,550
+Christmas Eve and 12 of the clock, they are all on
+
+285
+00:20:59,550 --> 00:21:05,330
+their knees, and elder said, as we sat. The word
+
+286
+00:21:05,330 --> 00:21:11,790
+elder is contrasted with the word someone,
+
+287
+00:21:12,430 --> 00:21:17,890
+if someone. Like, in the past, the speaker was a
+
+288
+00:21:17,890 --> 00:21:23,190
+senior person. Nowadays, the speaker is someone.
+
+289
+00:21:23,850 --> 00:21:29,240
+So, can you, like, try to give meaning to this?
+
+290
+00:21:30,340 --> 00:21:34,590
+Yes, Hidayat, your idea, you are in the past,
+
+291
+00:21:34,690 --> 00:21:38,350
+other people, wise people, who had enough
+
+292
+00:21:38,350 --> 00:21:41,810
+experience to speak, they had the right to stand
+
+293
+00:21:41,810 --> 00:21:46,610
+up and express everybody's mind. But nowadays, a
+
+294
+00:21:46,610 --> 00:21:51,370
+young person, a man who is unqualified, anyone, we
+
+295
+00:21:51,370 --> 00:21:54,250
+call it in Arabic as our Prophet Muhammad said,
+
+296
+00:21:54,490 --> 00:22:00,670
+Arwaidullah. Anyone can speak for himself or even
+
+297
+00:22:00,670 --> 00:22:03,990
+for the public. Yeah, you're right. So, in the
+
+298
+00:22:03,990 --> 00:22:09,050
+past, yes, you know, an elder, an elder, an elder,
+
+299
+00:22:09,450 --> 00:22:13,940
+it has, you know, like, this positive connotation.
+
+300
+00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:16,700
+When we are talking about an elder, we are talking
+
+301
+00:22:16,700 --> 00:22:20,880
+about a word where seniority was respected, where
+
+302
+00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:24,740
+wisdom was appreciated. However, you know, when we
+
+303
+00:22:24,740 --> 00:22:27,180
+are talking about someone, it is indefinite
+
+304
+00:22:27,180 --> 00:22:33,560
+pronoun. It signals, like, some feeling of a
+
+305
+00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:36,940
+lack of respect, lack of wisdom, rashness, someone. You
+
+306
+00:22:36,940 --> 00:22:41,530
+see what I mean? So, there is difference. A person
+
+307
+00:22:41,530 --> 00:22:44,390
+who is lacking a qualification. Thank you very
+
+308
+00:22:44,390 --> 00:22:48,190
+much for that. Yes? of the community structure,
+
+309
+00:22:48,410 --> 00:22:51,990
+like before the community revolved around having
+
+310
+00:22:51,990 --> 00:22:54,950
+the people, and the elders telling them this, and
+
+311
+00:22:54,950 --> 00:22:58,390
+that. And some of the people that took this poem
+
+312
+00:22:58,390 --> 00:23:02,130
+to be an attack on losing faith in religion, or
+
+313
+00:23:02,130 --> 00:23:06,490
+saying, some interpretation said that he's saying
+
+314
+00:23:06,490 --> 00:23:08,830
+that you shouldn't take anything for granted, and
+
+315
+00:23:08,830 --> 00:23:11,710
+it's a superstition. So, maybe he's saying, for
+
+316
+00:23:11,710 --> 00:23:14,930
+example, that, now like anybody can see and think
+
+317
+00:23:14,930 --> 00:23:17,670
+for himself, but before, you just take it from the
+
+318
+00:23:17,670 --> 00:23:19,610
+elders and take it for granted without even
+
+319
+00:23:19,610 --> 00:23:22,590
+thinking. It can be true, it can be superstition.
+
+320
+00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:25,980
+Yeah, so the reaction, you know, again, like, you
+
+321
+00:23:25,980 --> 00:23:31,080
+know, what some, what, like, a senior person said
+
+322
+00:23:31,080 --> 00:23:34,900
+in the past was taken for granted, was you know,
+
+323
+00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:39,780
+embraced without questioning. Or, nowadays, because
+
+324
+00:23:39,780 --> 00:23:42,880
+of increasing feeling of uncertainty. And
+
+325
+00:23:42,880 --> 00:23:45,100
+nowadays, like the uncertainty, the skepticism,
+
+326
+00:23:45,220 --> 00:23:47,810
+the individualism, we're talking about what? The
+
+327
+00:23:47,810 --> 00:23:50,750
+late Victorian age. It was the age, you know, we
+
+328
+00:23:50,750 --> 00:23:54,210
+talk about, when we, like, if you remember, in the
+
+329
+00:23:54,210 --> 00:23:57,730
+lecture, before, the previous lecture, we talk
+
+330
+00:23:57,730 --> 00:24:02,450
+about, like, the, I mean, Dover Beach, and we saw
+
+331
+00:24:02,450 --> 00:24:06,370
+how Matthew Arnold was complaining because of the
+
+332
+00:24:06,370 --> 00:24:09,190
+uncertainty, because of the skepticism, and we
+
+333
+00:24:09,190 --> 00:24:12,310
+said that it was because of like, the changes in
+
+334
+00:24:12,310 --> 00:24:15,040
+society, because of Darwin's theory, because of you
+
+335
+00:24:15,040 --> 00:24:18,720
+know, the withdrawal of religion. So here we are
+
+336
+00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:23,200
+trying to see how Hardy was conscious of that
+
+337
+00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:27,020
+changing world. It wasn't changing. And indeed,
+
+338
+00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:32,180
+like he was right, because after him, as he said,
+
+339
+00:24:32,740 --> 00:24:36,720
+the war, like perhaps ten years after this poem,
+
+340
+00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:41,240
+the first war started, and, you know, it ended up
+
+341
+00:24:41,240 --> 00:24:45,780
+with massacres, bloodshed, and the human or the...
+
+342
+00:24:48,370 --> 00:24:53,270
+The sea of faith was very shrinking, very
+
+343
+00:24:53,270 --> 00:24:58,570
+withdrawing, withdrawing to the limit. Good. You
+
+344
+00:24:58,570 --> 00:25:03,790
+know someone and they are not the only words. We
+
+345
+00:25:03,790 --> 00:25:07,350
+have words, more words. Okay, what do you think of
+
+346
+00:25:07,350 --> 00:25:14,530
+like embers, Christmas Eve, and 12 of the clock?
+
+347
+00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:18,820
+They are all on their knees, and elders sat in the
+
+348
+00:25:18,820 --> 00:25:22,320
+flock. What is a flock? Is it positive or
+
+349
+00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:27,840
+negative? It's like a crowd, you know? Flock, like
+
+350
+00:25:27,840 --> 00:25:31,900
+a herd, you know? And, this is, you know, in
+
+351
+00:25:31,900 --> 00:25:34,080
+Christianity, they called it. It's a biblical word.
+
+352
+00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:39,960
+Because Jesus thought of himself as what? A
+
+353
+00:25:39,960 --> 00:25:43,720
+shepherd, and the people were the flocks, you know
+
+354
+00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:47,880
+this is the sheep, or the flock. So here yes, it's a
+
+355
+00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:54,680
+biblical word, and look here. We meek mild creatures,
+
+356
+00:25:54,680 --> 00:25:59,420
+again meek and mild, yeah, it's a paradox because
+
+357
+00:25:59,420 --> 00:26:03,340
+you know, we know that there's a paradox, isn't it
+
+358
+00:26:03,340 --> 00:26:09,830
+It's a paradox. Yeah, because we know that the oxen
+
+359
+00:26:09,830 --> 00:26:14,130
+are very wild. But here, the meek, because of the
+
+360
+00:26:14,130 --> 00:26:17,190
+effect of the birth, because it was a cosmic
+
+361
+00:26:17,190 --> 00:26:22,750
+phenomenon. But meek, mild creatures, like Jesus
+
+362
+00:26:22,750 --> 00:26:26,650
+was referred to as a meek, mild, meek, very soft,
+
+363
+00:26:26,750 --> 00:26:31,110
+very gentle, very kind. Again, these are biblical
+
+364
+00:26:31,110 --> 00:26:37,210
+words. They are words, which have to do with the
+
+365
+00:26:37,210 --> 00:26:42,350
+sense of clarity, and the sense of simplicity. They
+
+366
+00:26:42,350 --> 00:26:44,690
+are simple words, but if you go
+
+367
+00:26:49,810 --> 00:26:57,570
+look here, so far fancy, fancy unreal things. Even
+
+368
+00:26:57,570 --> 00:27:03,530
+look at the alliteration. So, fancy, you know? It's
+
+369
+00:27:03,530 --> 00:27:07,090
+very disgusting, very, you know, somebody like
+
+370
+00:27:07,090 --> 00:27:11,810
+he's not happy, you know? And, in these years, I
+
+371
+00:27:11,810 --> 00:27:14,210
+feel, if someone said on Christmas Eve, come see
+
+372
+00:27:14,210 --> 00:27:18,910
+the oxen kneel in the lonely barton here, we
+
+373
+00:27:18,910 --> 00:27:23,590
+started. What is a barton? What is a barton? Did
+
+374
+00:27:23,590 --> 00:27:26,730
+you check this word? Did you check up this word in
+
+375
+00:27:26,730 --> 00:27:27,170
+the dictionary?
+
+376
+00:27:32,330 --> 00:27:36,690
+Okay, I understand that you are not investing your
+
+377
+00:27:36,690 --> 00:27:44,370
+time, guys. I said, you should prepare. Your eyes
+
+378
+00:27:44,370 --> 00:27:48,170
+are telling me, that you have not spent much time
+
+379
+00:27:48,170 --> 00:27:51,710
+on this poem, even though you have a stylistic
+
+380
+00:27:51,710 --> 00:27:58,450
+analysis of the poem, in your reader. Okay? But let
+
+381
+00:27:58,450 --> 00:28:04,730
+me, Barton means a shed, a shed, you know, like a
+
+382
+00:28:04,730 --> 00:28:07,350
+cow shed, you know, it's a place where you keep
+
+383
+00:28:07,350 --> 00:28:11,430
+the animals. But like, this is not everyday
+
+384
+00:28:11,430 --> 00:28:17,110
+language, it is Barton, cou, by under cou, cou,
+
+385
+00:28:17,110 --> 00:28:20,330
+it's a valley. Like, look, even if you go to the
+
+386
+00:28:20,330 --> 00:28:23,930
+dictionary, you will not find gloom, gloom, oo.
+
+387
+00:28:24,810 --> 00:28:28,370
+hoping it might be so. So, these words are
+
+388
+00:28:28,370 --> 00:28:35,470
+intricate words. They are even archaic words, and
+
+389
+00:28:35,470 --> 00:28:39,010
+they are dissonant with their sound.
+
+390
+00:28:41,970 --> 00:28:45,510
+A last thing, I want to talk about in this poem, is
+
+391
+00:28:45,510 --> 00:28:46,430
+the sentence structure.
+
+392
+00:28:49,380 --> 00:28:53,520
+Okay, if you look at the sentence structure, or, in
+
+393
+00:28:53,520 --> 00:29:01,380
+the first two stanzas, you find that... Okay, how
+
+394
+00:29:01,380 --> 00:29:04,900
+many types of sentences do we have? It's a good
+
+395
+00:29:04,900 --> 00:29:07,760
+grammar question. How many types of sentences do
+
+396
+00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:12,520
+we have? Three? Or four? Four. Okay, thank you.
+
+397
+00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:18,900
+Simple? Compound? Complex? Compound and complex
+
+398
+00:29:18,900 --> 00:29:21,840
+Okay, can you give me an example of a simple
+
+399
+00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:29,380
+sentence, okay. Good. She is lazy. Thank you. They are
+
+400
+00:29:29,380 --> 00:29:32,720
+lazy. Okay, can you give me an example of a compound
+
+401
+00:29:32,720 --> 00:29:36,880
+sentence? She
+
+402
+00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:43,660
+is lazy, but smart. She is lazy, but smart. Okay, can
+
+403
+00:29:43,660 --> 00:29:45,540
+you give me an example of a complex sentence?
+
+404
+00:29:48,120 --> 00:29:54,060
+Although she's lazy, she's smart. Okay, thank you.
+
+405
+00:29:54,960 --> 00:30:04,080
+Now, if you look here, at the sentences, in like,
+
+406
+00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:07,000
+Christmas Eve and 12 o'clock, now, they are all on
+
+407
+00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:11,180
+their knees. It is what? It is simple. An elder
+
+408
+00:30:11,180 --> 00:30:18,120
+said, as we sat in a flock, like this is what? An
+
+409
+00:30:18,120 --> 00:30:22,180
+elderson, as
+
+410
+00:30:22,180 --> 00:30:27,180
+we sat in the flock. Complex. Complex. But, it is
+
+411
+00:30:27,180 --> 00:30:31,960
+like, it's not, you know, it is complex, yes, but
+
+
+
+445
+00:33:06,190 --> 00:33:11,150
+adjective clause, and still we are waiting, you 
+
+446
+00:33:11,150 --> 00:33:15,310
+know, the object of I feel or the predicate of I 
+
+447
+00:33:15,310 --> 00:33:19,030
+feel, it is not there. It is very intricate, very 
+
+448
+00:33:19,030 --> 00:33:23,210
+complicated sentence structure. Our childhood used 
+
+449
+00:33:23,210 --> 00:33:27,150
+to know What kind of clues is this? Our childhood 
+
+450
+00:33:27,150 --> 00:33:27,790
+used to know.
+
+451
+00:33:32,650 --> 00:33:36,830
+In the lonely barton by yonder coom, our childhood 
+
+452
+00:33:36,830 --> 00:33:48,430
+used to know. It is adjective clues. You know,
+
+453
+00:33:48,970 --> 00:33:52,290
+which like in the lonely barton by yonder coom, 
+
+454
+00:33:52,690 --> 00:33:57,570
+which Our childhood used to know. You see what I 
+
+455
+00:33:57,570 --> 00:34:01,470
+mean? It's an adjective clause. Yes, it is reduced 
+
+456
+00:34:01,470 --> 00:34:05,290
+adjective clause. It's not reduced. We have what we
+
+457
+00:34:05,290 --> 00:34:11,910
+call ellipses. It is not reduced. We have ellipses 
+
+458
+00:34:11,910 --> 00:34:14,550
+which, you know, for example, this is the book
+
+459
+00:34:14,550 --> 00:34:19,920
+that I read. This is the book I read. The reduce
+
+460
+00:34:19,920 --> 00:34:23,920
+is like this. The man, you know, talking to his 
+
+461
+00:34:23,920 --> 00:34:28,180
+wife is losing his mind. You know, this is like an
+
+462
+00:34:28,180 --> 00:34:33,900
+example of, okay, good. But again, used to, what 
+
+463
+00:34:33,900 --> 00:34:36,800
+is used to? It is what?
+
+464
+00:34:39,620 --> 00:34:44,040
+Yeah, but what kind of verb is this? It's a modal 
+
+465
+00:34:44,040 --> 00:34:49,020
+verb. Thank you. Why is it a modal verb? Yeah,
+
+466
+00:34:49,140 --> 00:34:51,740
+it's I used to. It's like other used to, I used to
+
+467
+00:34:51,740 --> 00:34:56,780
+do something. I used not to do that. Or sometimes 
+
+468
+00:34:56,780 --> 00:35:00,520
+I say I didn't use. It's again a modal verb, you
+
+469
+00:35:00,520 --> 00:35:03,560
+know, which we might use in our analysis. So what 
+
+470
+00:35:03,560 --> 00:35:07,680
+I want to say, and then I should go with him. If 
+
+471
+00:35:07,680 --> 00:35:13,040
+somebody, this is like, the second part of the 
+
+472
+00:35:13,040 --> 00:35:16,280
+conditional sentence, and then hoping it might be 
+
+473
+00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:20,300
+so, this is the predicate of I feel, hoping it
+
+474
+00:35:20,300 --> 00:35:25,120
+might be so. As you see, it's a very strange poem, 
+
+475
+00:35:25,200 --> 00:35:28,840
+isn't it? But look how stylistic analysis is very
+
+476
+00:35:28,840 --> 00:35:31,540
+useful.
+
+477
+00:35:32,900 --> 00:35:37,760
+Now we used, we manipulated the stylistic analysis 
+
+478
+00:35:37,760 --> 00:35:45,490
+in exploring the deep meaning of the poem. And,
+
+479
+00:35:45,530 --> 00:35:49,570
+you know, all what I said, or not all what I said,
+
+480
+00:35:49,790 --> 00:35:54,010
+some of it you might find in the reader. If you
+
+481
+00:35:54,010 --> 00:35:57,350
+go, I left for you in the appendices, in the 
+
+482
+00:35:57,350 --> 00:36:00,670
+appendices at the back of the, you know, something
+
+483
+00:36:00,670 --> 00:36:05,150
+called stylistic analysis of the oxen. So read it. 
+
+484
+00:36:06,230 --> 00:36:11,210
+And if you have any question about this, we can
+
+485
+00:36:11,210 --> 00:36:14,450
+discuss it next time. So next time I'm not giving 
+
+486
+00:36:14,450 --> 00:36:19,210
+you a new poem. It would be like further 
+
+487
+00:36:19,210 --> 00:36:24,210
+discussion of this poem. And it's a general 
+
+488
+00:36:24,210 --> 00:36:31,190
+discussion before we proceed and do like the war 
+
+489
+00:36:31,190 --> 00:36:37,200
+poetry, Wilfred Owen, Futility. Okay, do you have 
+
+490
+00:36:37,200 --> 00:36:41,860
+any question? Thank you for listening and see you 
+
+491
+00:36:41,860 --> 00:36:42,260
+next time. 

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/xWZ2TPdl7Uw_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1964 @@
+1
+00:00:12,340 --> 00:00:17,900
+Good morning everybody. How are you? How was the
+
+2
+00:00:17,900 --> 00:00:25,400
+weekend? Very busy or you were relaxed? No
+
+3
+00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:30,340
+relaxation? I hope that though you are spending
+
+4
+00:00:30,340 --> 00:00:36,000
+some time on studying poetry. Do you? Did you have
+
+5
+00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:40,420
+a time to look at the oxen? How did you find it?
+
+6
+00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:48,380
+Weird. Very strange. Okay, we'll come to that, you
+
+7
+00:00:48,380 --> 00:00:54,220
+know, to your response after we listen to a report
+
+8
+00:00:54,220 --> 00:01:01,170
+or two. And I know I collected your reports, and
+
+9
+00:01:01,170 --> 00:01:03,630
+I'm going to collect them at any time, even your
+
+10
+00:01:03,630 --> 00:01:07,890
+responses. You see what I mean? So be careful. I
+
+11
+00:01:07,890 --> 00:01:10,010
+told you from the very beginning, you have to come
+
+12
+00:01:10,010 --> 00:01:13,610
+to each class. So those students who thought that
+
+13
+00:01:13,610 --> 00:01:16,530
+they came and I gave them the mark, I can take it
+
+14
+00:01:16,530 --> 00:01:19,990
+back if you don't continue this. So I might
+
+15
+00:01:19,990 --> 00:01:23,110
+collect it at any moment, the reports. And this
+
+16
+00:01:23,110 --> 00:01:27,360
+time, if you miss a report, You know, you're going
+
+17
+00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:32,380
+to miss the whole bonus mark. So be careful and
+
+18
+00:01:32,380 --> 00:01:37,240
+try not to miss any report or any response. Good.
+
+19
+00:01:38,280 --> 00:01:43,800
+Yes, Miss Saleh, yes. I think your name is Athar,
+
+20
+00:01:44,540 --> 00:01:47,680
+if I'm not mistaken. So I started to have a good
+
+21
+00:01:47,680 --> 00:01:48,020
+memory.
+
+22
+00:01:52,690 --> 00:01:55,570
+To be away from university for three weeks is a
+
+23
+00:01:55,570 --> 00:01:58,090
+terrible thing. I was very sick and stayed at home
+
+24
+00:01:58,090 --> 00:02:00,970
+a long time and missed a lot of lectures for seven
+
+25
+00:02:00,970 --> 00:02:03,650
+courses. Boutry course was the most comfortable
+
+26
+00:02:03,650 --> 00:02:06,210
+one while I was watching the videotaping lecture.
+
+27
+00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:11,210
+I was very clear, I feel like I stay, it was very
+
+28
+00:02:11,210 --> 00:02:14,450
+clear, I feel like I stay at the class but I don't
+
+29
+00:02:14,450 --> 00:02:18,110
+know what I will do for the other courses. Okay,
+
+30
+00:02:18,170 --> 00:02:23,030
+thank you. We understand and perhaps this is the
+
+31
+00:02:23,030 --> 00:02:25,890
+purpose why I agreed to videotape these classes
+
+32
+00:02:25,890 --> 00:02:31,430
+because sometimes some students have invincible
+
+33
+00:02:31,430 --> 00:02:33,650
+circumstances,
+
+34
+00:02:34,450 --> 00:02:40,130
+something that they cannot control. And the
+
+35
+00:02:40,130 --> 00:02:43,710
+videotaping is for those students who cannot come
+
+36
+00:02:43,710 --> 00:02:49,250
+because of difficult circumstances. Good. Yes, we
+
+37
+00:02:49,250 --> 00:02:54,330
+need another creative report. Who thinks that her
+
+38
+00:02:54,330 --> 00:02:58,730
+report is creative? Okay. I think you're lucky
+
+39
+00:02:58,730 --> 00:03:02,690
+this is the fifth time you're standing here. You
+
+40
+00:03:02,690 --> 00:03:07,270
+don't remember? You don't count times? Okay, good.
+
+41
+00:03:07,610 --> 00:03:11,360
+You're lucky then. Good morning, everybody. That
+
+42
+00:03:11,360 --> 00:03:17,260
+lecture was I attended in the previous lecture, so
+
+43
+00:03:17,260 --> 00:03:19,980
+I wrote about it. The lecture was too
+
+44
+00:03:19,980 --> 00:03:24,340
+distinguishable because
+
+45
+00:03:24,340 --> 00:03:27,820
+we discussed a poem that seems enjoyable. Also, we
+
+46
+00:03:27,820 --> 00:03:30,160
+interested ourselves by the questions the teacher
+
+47
+00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:33,740
+asked, and Mr. Habib gave us many chances to ask.
+
+48
+00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:37,200
+Then, we gave gut responses to the poem, and the
+
+49
+00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:40,120
+teacher thanked us because of our deep thinking
+
+50
+00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:43,770
+for expressing them. He read to us the first
+
+51
+00:03:43,770 --> 00:03:47,530
+stanza and asked questions about this stanza. Next
+
+52
+00:03:47,530 --> 00:03:50,030
+to that, we talked about Christianity and
+
+53
+00:03:50,030 --> 00:03:52,750
+Christmas and talked about some aspects of this
+
+54
+00:03:52,750 --> 00:03:56,390
+day and being gorgeous. After that, Mr. Habib told
+
+55
+00:03:56,390 --> 00:03:59,650
+us to search about the miracles accompanying our
+
+56
+00:03:59,650 --> 00:04:03,160
+Prophet Muhammad's birth So we agreed with him and
+
+57
+00:04:03,160 --> 00:04:05,880
+decided or promised to make such a research.
+
+58
+00:04:06,300 --> 00:04:09,720
+Finally, time is over and the teacher asked us to
+
+59
+00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:12,940
+rebirth. So we left the lecture and promised to
+
+60
+00:04:12,940 --> 00:04:15,380
+participate while I'm here. Thank you very much.
+
+61
+00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:18,660
+Good. It's a nice response and you reminded me of
+
+62
+00:04:18,660 --> 00:04:22,200
+like an assignment I gave, like to talk about the
+
+63
+00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:24,200
+miracles that accompanied the birth of Prophet
+
+64
+00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:28,850
+Muhammad peace be upon him. But before that, this
+
+65
+00:04:28,850 --> 00:04:34,470
+is what I'm planning. I'm planning to look at the
+
+66
+00:04:34,470 --> 00:04:40,060
+poem again, to simplify it. And then to consider,
+
+67
+00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:43,680
+this is the main focus of today's class, is to
+
+68
+00:04:43,680 --> 00:04:46,900
+concentrate on the stylistic analysis. This is
+
+69
+00:04:46,900 --> 00:04:50,700
+like something we are doing, or we have been doing
+
+70
+00:04:50,700 --> 00:04:55,340
+this, like stylistic analysis, but not on a large
+
+71
+00:04:55,340 --> 00:04:59,000
+scale. Today we are going to concentrate more on
+
+72
+00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:03,950
+stylistic analysis. Okay, but before that, I want
+
+73
+00:05:03,950 --> 00:05:07,750
+to listen or to see how did you find the poem? Was
+
+74
+00:05:07,750 --> 00:05:11,170
+it like easy, difficult? Do you like it, you
+
+75
+00:05:11,170 --> 00:05:13,890
+didn't like it when you read it? How you felt?
+
+76
+00:05:14,690 --> 00:05:18,150
+Okay, so we're coming back to square number one.
+
+77
+00:05:19,310 --> 00:05:20,010
+Okay, yes?
+
+78
+00:05:23,710 --> 00:05:26,650
+Yes, how did you find the poem, Rawand? Actually,
+
+79
+00:05:26,710 --> 00:05:28,910
+when I first read it, I didn't get anything. Uh
+
+80
+00:05:28,910 --> 00:05:29,790
+-huh, very good.
+
+81
+00:05:34,010 --> 00:05:37,570
+Yeah, because, you know, it started, the poem, you
+
+82
+00:05:37,570 --> 00:05:43,250
+know, started by, like, just one, talking about
+
+83
+00:05:43,250 --> 00:05:50,270
+Christmas Eve and twelve o'clock. Good. And I
+
+84
+00:05:50,270 --> 00:05:53,210
+understand that it was about superstition.
+
+85
+00:05:55,150 --> 00:05:58,350
+Superstition? Superstition, yeah. About the office
+
+86
+00:05:58,350 --> 00:06:02,930
+and nails to be used on Christmas night. So you
+
+87
+00:06:02,930 --> 00:06:08,770
+discovered it was about superstition. Okay. So
+
+88
+00:06:08,770 --> 00:06:13,770
+like they said, that was a superstition. Who said
+
+89
+00:06:13,770 --> 00:06:20,370
+that? The older man in the twin said that it was a
+
+90
+00:06:20,370 --> 00:06:22,890
+superstition. At that time, Harvey was a child. He
+
+91
+00:06:22,890 --> 00:06:25,430
+and his dad were just leaving, and they didn't
+
+92
+00:06:25,430 --> 00:06:28,350
+even think about it, or that it might be not true.
+
+93
+00:06:28,470 --> 00:06:31,510
+No, hold on. Okay, Khaled, could you get us the
+
+94
+00:06:31,510 --> 00:06:37,250
+internet, please? Okay. Yes. So Hardy thought it
+
+95
+00:06:37,250 --> 00:06:37,670
+was.
+
+96
+00:06:41,990 --> 00:06:46,450
+So they didn't think it was a superstition. Okay.
+
+97
+00:06:46,750 --> 00:06:49,510
+They thought it was something real. You know what,
+
+98
+00:06:50,070 --> 00:06:54,090
+what, what is she's talking about? What's what
+
+99
+00:06:54,090 --> 00:06:57,550
+superstition she's talking about? Yeah, the
+
+100
+00:06:57,550 --> 00:07:02,370
+kneeling, you know, of the oxen. Because here, I
+
+101
+00:07:02,370 --> 00:07:05,710
+mean, this is like the picture the poem starts
+
+102
+00:07:05,710 --> 00:07:09,270
+with. It starts with like a group of people
+
+103
+00:07:09,270 --> 00:07:14,190
+sitting together and an elder person, like perhaps
+
+104
+00:07:14,190 --> 00:07:19,390
+a priest or perhaps like a wise man was telling
+
+105
+00:07:19,390 --> 00:07:24,190
+them stories about the birth of Jesus Christ. And
+
+106
+00:07:24,190 --> 00:07:28,070
+one of these stories was the kneeling of the oxen.
+
+107
+00:07:29,130 --> 00:07:36,410
+Now, yeah, that was like a superstitious, like
+
+108
+00:07:36,410 --> 00:07:41,370
+this is what some people said, you know, but
+
+109
+00:07:41,370 --> 00:07:45,130
+Christian would say that this is a miracle, you
+
+110
+00:07:45,130 --> 00:07:50,970
+know, because we're talking about, let's say, a
+
+111
+00:07:50,970 --> 00:07:54,390
+cosmic event. We're not talking about, you know,
+
+112
+00:07:54,410 --> 00:07:58,570
+it is a birth of a prophet. And we said, you know,
+
+113
+00:07:58,670 --> 00:08:03,240
+like, we should not talk about, you know, the
+
+114
+00:08:03,240 --> 00:08:06,380
+birth of prophets in this way, like it was
+
+115
+00:08:06,380 --> 00:08:11,420
+superstition. Because, you know, we believe like
+
+116
+00:08:11,420 --> 00:08:16,540
+there are miracles accompanying the birth of
+
+117
+00:08:16,540 --> 00:08:19,120
+prophets. And I gave you an assignment last time
+
+118
+00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:22,200
+to tell me about the miracles that accompanied
+
+119
+00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:26,080
+Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. Did you like
+
+120
+00:08:26,080 --> 00:08:31,260
+get any? Yes? Yeah, there are many miracles that
+
+121
+00:08:31,260 --> 00:08:34,060
+happened. One of them is that the idols fall down
+
+122
+00:08:34,060 --> 00:08:39,440
+on their faces. Yeah, the idols, like, yeah, fell
+
+123
+00:08:39,440 --> 00:08:44,220
+down on their faces. Okay. And also, the light
+
+124
+00:08:44,220 --> 00:08:47,480
+went out and came in a large area of the Arabian
+
+125
+00:08:47,480 --> 00:08:50,520
+Peninsula. Yeah, there was some, you know,
+
+126
+00:08:50,580 --> 00:08:55,640
+eclipse. Okay. And also, from the Taiwan factions,
+
+127
+00:08:56,180 --> 00:09:03,620
+Yeah, you can say bracelets. The Persian
+
+128
+00:09:03,620 --> 00:09:07,900
+fire was extinguished. So these were the miracles
+
+129
+00:09:07,900 --> 00:09:08,840
+that took place.
+
+130
+00:09:11,830 --> 00:09:16,370
+Okay, well, good. So again, these are the miracles
+
+131
+00:09:16,370 --> 00:09:19,790
+that accompany prophets and stories of prophets.
+
+132
+00:09:20,330 --> 00:09:24,710
+Here we have a miracle, the Christian, but I don't
+
+133
+00:09:24,710 --> 00:09:27,550
+know, it could be a superstition, but the
+
+134
+00:09:27,550 --> 00:09:32,210
+Christian would deem it as a miracle. Okay, let's
+
+135
+00:09:32,210 --> 00:09:34,350
+see other people's responses. I don't want to
+
+136
+00:09:34,350 --> 00:09:40,440
+waste time. Yes, okay. Yeah, go ahead. The oxen
+
+137
+00:09:40,440 --> 00:09:42,920
+kneeling, it was a legend. The hardy reality
+
+138
+00:09:42,920 --> 00:09:45,620
+accepted no legends. The serenity, innocence, and
+
+139
+00:09:45,620 --> 00:09:49,100
+faith torn out in these years. Is he losing faith
+
+140
+00:09:49,100 --> 00:09:51,960
+in religion or maybe in a corrupt humanity? We
+
+141
+00:09:51,960 --> 00:09:54,460
+ought to find out. Although it may not matter, the
+
+142
+00:09:54,460 --> 00:09:57,680
+war sure everything did shatter. That's it. Wow.
+
+143
+00:09:58,080 --> 00:10:00,680
+Good. Thank you very much. Again, I'm impressed by
+
+144
+00:10:00,680 --> 00:10:03,300
+Jihan's response, you know, because this is what
+
+145
+00:10:03,300 --> 00:10:07,200
+she's been doing all throughout the course, like
+
+146
+00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:11,120
+she was responding in poetry. Good. I'm also
+
+147
+00:10:11,120 --> 00:10:15,580
+interested, you know, in just knowing the response
+
+148
+00:10:15,580 --> 00:10:18,320
+of, you know, either of you. Like, what do you
+
+149
+00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:23,000
+think? What is the poem? Yeah, yeah, it's here.
+
+150
+00:10:24,680 --> 00:10:33,020
+It's coming, like... Yeah. Okay. So, what do you
+
+151
+00:10:33,020 --> 00:10:33,320
+think?
+
+152
+00:10:37,500 --> 00:10:41,740
+The oxen. I don't need a tiger. The oxen. Yes. So
+
+153
+00:10:41,740 --> 00:10:46,980
+you have to go. Yeah, what do you think? Have you
+
+154
+00:10:46,980 --> 00:10:52,320
+read the poem or not yet? Yes. Yes, there. What do
+
+155
+00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:56,880
+you think of the poem? Why is it beautiful? I
+
+156
+00:10:56,880 --> 00:11:00,000
+wrote
+
+157
+00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,680
+about his compassion. He wrote about his
+
+158
+00:11:02,680 --> 00:11:07,920
+compassion. He wrote about his compassion. So
+
+159
+00:11:07,920 --> 00:11:09,540
+because he was talking about a personal
+
+160
+00:11:09,540 --> 00:11:13,760
+experience, it's beautiful. How did he talk about
+
+161
+00:11:13,760 --> 00:11:18,480
+the personal, I mean, his past experience? How did
+
+162
+00:11:18,480 --> 00:11:23,320
+he talk? You say it's beautiful. Like what was his
+
+163
+00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:28,580
+attitude to the world of the past? Yes, Layla? I
+
+164
+00:11:28,580 --> 00:11:33,120
+think he learned from the previous day. Yeah, he
+
+165
+00:11:33,120 --> 00:11:36,720
+was nostalgic. He was homesick. He appreciated
+
+166
+00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:40,180
+very much, you know, the time when people were
+
+167
+00:11:40,180 --> 00:11:44,600
+getting together and talking. In the meantime,
+
+168
+00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:49,640
+he's not happy with how people are behaving
+
+169
+00:11:49,640 --> 00:11:53,480
+nowadays. What's the problem with people nowadays?
+
+170
+00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:56,660
+Did you feel like because he's talking about two
+
+171
+00:11:56,660 --> 00:12:00,860
+words, the past and the present? Yes. How? Yes,
+
+172
+00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:01,160
+please.
+
+173
+00:12:08,920 --> 00:12:19,540
+So in the
+
+174
+00:12:19,540 --> 00:12:22,660
+past, people trusted each other. Nowadays, people
+
+175
+00:12:22,660 --> 00:12:27,890
+do not. Nowadays, people are skeptic. They are
+
+176
+00:12:27,890 --> 00:12:30,710
+cynical. You know what I mean? To be cynical, not
+
+177
+00:12:30,710 --> 00:12:34,490
+to take, not to believe, you know, what people are
+
+178
+00:12:34,490 --> 00:12:36,850
+telling you. Yes, Jahan? Yeah, there's also no
+
+179
+00:12:36,850 --> 00:12:39,870
+spirituality, not the same spirituality that used
+
+180
+00:12:39,870 --> 00:12:42,550
+to be before that. And also because of the time
+
+181
+00:12:42,550 --> 00:12:45,630
+when he wrote the poem, it was the World War and
+
+182
+00:12:45,630 --> 00:12:49,250
+everything, so he kind of lost faith. He felt like
+
+183
+00:12:49,250 --> 00:12:51,410
+the world was losing him. Which war are you
+
+184
+00:12:51,410 --> 00:12:55,770
+talking about? World War... No, I mean, I don't
+
+185
+00:12:55,770 --> 00:12:55,970
+think...
+
+186
+00:12:58,970 --> 00:13:04,250
+It was published during the war, after the war, so
+
+187
+00:13:04,250 --> 00:13:06,890
+it felt like it's the same comparison. There was
+
+188
+00:13:06,890 --> 00:13:08,730
+no spirituality, people were fighting each other.
+
+189
+00:13:08,730 --> 00:13:11,770
+Yeah, the sea of faith was shrinking. Yeah, and
+
+190
+00:13:11,770 --> 00:13:14,150
+there wasn't the connection between the community
+
+191
+00:13:14,150 --> 00:13:16,470
+as it used to be. Everything is distorted,
+
+192
+00:13:16,670 --> 00:13:22,510
+everything is just changed. Good. Yes, any other
+
+193
+00:13:22,510 --> 00:13:23,970
+response?
+
+194
+00:13:25,800 --> 00:13:30,020
+Let's see. Last time, you know, we spoke about,
+
+195
+00:13:30,260 --> 00:13:32,620
+like, two different words, and this is what we
+
+196
+00:13:32,620 --> 00:13:35,420
+have in the poem. It's a word of the past
+
+197
+00:13:35,420 --> 00:13:39,640
+represented by, like, a group of people getting
+
+198
+00:13:39,640 --> 00:13:43,560
+together, and you have a senior telling them the
+
+199
+00:13:43,560 --> 00:13:48,600
+story about the miracles of the birth of Jesus
+
+200
+00:13:48,600 --> 00:13:52,200
+Christ. The reaction of the people was there. You
+
+201
+00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:58,630
+know, they... They believed that and nobody
+
+202
+00:13:58,630 --> 00:14:02,570
+suspected that. You know, all of them took it for
+
+203
+00:14:02,570 --> 00:14:05,850
+granted. You know, nobody suspected that. However,
+
+204
+00:14:06,590 --> 00:14:11,710
+like, you know, the poet spoke about nowadays, you
+
+205
+00:14:11,710 --> 00:14:13,910
+know, spoke about the present when he say these
+
+206
+00:14:13,910 --> 00:14:18,920
+years and the case was completely different. So
+
+207
+00:14:18,920 --> 00:14:22,220
+far, a fence if you would weave. In these years, I
+
+208
+00:14:22,220 --> 00:14:26,280
+feel if someone said on a Christmas Eve, come see
+
+209
+00:14:26,280 --> 00:14:30,200
+the oxen, you know, kneel, I would go with him.
+
+210
+00:14:30,740 --> 00:14:33,600
+You know, it's not like we pictured, you know,
+
+211
+00:14:33,700 --> 00:14:36,580
+it's not like we believe. I would go with him and
+
+212
+00:14:36,580 --> 00:14:39,100
+tell him, okay, will you show me? You know, I
+
+213
+00:14:39,100 --> 00:14:40,860
+don't trust you. I don't believe what you say.
+
+214
+00:14:41,140 --> 00:14:45,400
+Will you show me? So this is the whole poem. Now,
+
+215
+00:14:46,410 --> 00:14:50,630
+We want, as you see, the poem falls in two parts.
+
+216
+00:14:51,390 --> 00:14:55,650
+The first and the second stanza represent the
+
+217
+00:14:55,650 --> 00:15:01,710
+past, and the third and the fourth represent the
+
+218
+00:15:01,710 --> 00:15:08,510
+present. Now, we want to look at the pronouns, for
+
+219
+00:15:08,510 --> 00:15:14,220
+example. to look at the syntactic structure, to
+
+220
+00:15:14,220 --> 00:15:18,400
+look at the tenses, to look at, you know, the
+
+221
+00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:21,740
+verbs themselves, the kind of verbs, to look at
+
+222
+00:15:21,740 --> 00:15:25,280
+the lexical choices, and to compare and to
+
+223
+00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:29,800
+contrast. For example, if we look at the pronouns,
+
+224
+00:15:30,680 --> 00:15:34,080
+you know, in the first tense, what kind of
+
+225
+00:15:34,080 --> 00:15:35,080
+pronouns we find?
+
+226
+00:15:37,930 --> 00:15:49,370
+pronouns like they you know we okay they again so
+
+227
+00:15:49,370 --> 00:15:52,110
+what are these nouns or what are these pronouns
+
+228
+00:15:52,110 --> 00:15:59,090
+plural okay if you go to the you know what are the
+
+229
+00:15:59,090 --> 00:16:04,310
+pronouns I now this is something we can observe
+
+230
+00:16:05,430 --> 00:16:08,670
+Can you account for this? Can you explain this? So
+
+231
+00:16:08,670 --> 00:16:14,770
+what? Can you give meaning to this? Yes, please.
+
+232
+00:16:19,290 --> 00:16:21,870
+Okay, yes.
+
+233
+00:16:25,570 --> 00:16:32,030
+Yes. So, yes, like the plurality of the pronoun
+
+234
+00:16:32,030 --> 00:16:37,020
+or, you know, the plural pronouns. indicate a word
+
+235
+00:16:37,020 --> 00:16:42,020
+of cooperation, a sense of collectiveness, a sense
+
+236
+00:16:42,020 --> 00:16:48,460
+of community. So the past was you know, a
+
+237
+00:16:48,460 --> 00:16:52,120
+collective society. The past was a society of
+
+238
+00:16:52,120 --> 00:16:55,660
+people getting together. However, today, the
+
+239
+00:16:55,660 --> 00:16:58,480
+present, you know, and this is the Victorian, you
+
+240
+00:16:58,480 --> 00:17:01,680
+know, the late Victorian age, it is a world of
+
+241
+00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:04,840
+individualism. It is a world of, you know,
+
+242
+00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:07,560
+selfishness. Okay, so this is clear.
+
+243
+00:17:11,220 --> 00:17:14,020
+What about the verbs? The verbs.
+
+244
+00:17:17,020 --> 00:17:17,960
+You look at the verbs.
+
+245
+00:17:22,960 --> 00:17:23,420
+Yes.
+
+246
+00:17:26,520 --> 00:17:32,880
+Yes. Past tenses. And how did he talk about the
+
+247
+00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:36,830
+past? Like, he talked about the past in a very
+
+248
+00:17:36,830 --> 00:17:40,510
+clear way, like somebody, like, we sat, we
+
+249
+00:17:40,510 --> 00:17:45,090
+pictured. So he was describing a very, you know,
+
+250
+00:17:45,730 --> 00:17:48,770
+let's say positive word, a very romantic word
+
+251
+00:17:48,770 --> 00:17:52,190
+where people cooperated, got together, and they
+
+252
+00:17:52,190 --> 00:17:54,970
+enjoyed themselves around the fire site.
+
+253
+00:17:59,870 --> 00:18:07,070
+But here, in the present, You see? What are these
+
+254
+00:18:07,070 --> 00:18:14,090
+verbs? Model verbs. And okay, so model verbs have
+
+255
+00:18:14,090 --> 00:18:20,770
+to do with what? Skepticism, why? I know like this
+
+256
+00:18:20,770 --> 00:18:23,410
+is what you found in like the stylistic analysis,
+
+257
+00:18:23,610 --> 00:18:27,030
+but why? Why skepticism? What are the model verbs?
+
+258
+00:18:27,510 --> 00:18:29,770
+Why do we call, what are the model verbs?
+
+259
+00:18:32,590 --> 00:18:37,390
+Okay, what do we call the modal verbs? Modality.
+
+260
+00:18:37,610 --> 00:18:38,270
+What is modality?
+
+261
+00:18:42,490 --> 00:18:45,550
+A personal point of view. A personal point of
+
+262
+00:18:45,550 --> 00:18:47,250
+view. Could you elaborate a little bit? Thank you
+
+263
+00:18:47,250 --> 00:18:54,550
+very much. So when I use, you know, like a modal
+
+264
+00:18:54,550 --> 00:18:57,890
+verb, it means I'm expressing a personal point of
+
+265
+00:18:57,890 --> 00:18:59,170
+view. How?
+
+266
+00:19:07,350 --> 00:19:09,230
+I feel okay.
+
+267
+00:19:13,670 --> 00:19:13,670
+Yes,
+
+268
+00:19:17,630 --> 00:19:25,090
+like for example, he must be outside or she must
+
+269
+00:19:25,090 --> 00:19:33,290
+be sick. It will rain. You know, you are talking
+
+270
+00:19:33,290 --> 00:19:38,730
+about things in a very uncertain manner. So the
+
+271
+00:19:38,730 --> 00:19:44,010
+model verbs have to do with uncertainty. You know,
+
+272
+00:19:44,070 --> 00:19:46,190
+uncertainty or doubt. Yes?
+
+273
+00:19:55,950 --> 00:19:59,430
+Yeah, like, you know, even like the word hope,
+
+274
+00:19:59,990 --> 00:20:03,090
+hoping it might be so, there is uncertainty, the
+
+275
+00:20:03,090 --> 00:20:06,930
+word hoping it might be so. So yes, we're moving
+
+276
+00:20:06,930 --> 00:20:12,390
+from a sense of certainty to a sense of
+
+277
+00:20:12,390 --> 00:20:18,330
+uncertainty, to a sense of, you know, like clarity
+
+278
+00:20:18,330 --> 00:20:21,010
+to a sense of ambiguity. You see what I mean?
+
+279
+00:20:21,670 --> 00:20:21,950
+Good.
+
+280
+00:20:26,190 --> 00:20:31,650
+Also, if we look at the syntactic choices, you
+
+281
+00:20:31,650 --> 00:20:35,490
+know what means syntactic? The words. The words.
+
+282
+00:20:39,150 --> 00:20:44,010
+What do you think? The words.
+
+283
+00:20:47,610 --> 00:20:54,510
+And even like, have you like compared between here
+
+284
+00:20:56,190 --> 00:20:59,550
+Christmas Eve and 12 of the clock, they are all on
+
+285
+00:20:59,550 --> 00:21:05,330
+their knees and elder said, as we sat. The word
+
+286
+00:21:05,330 --> 00:21:11,790
+elder is contrasted with the word someone,
+
+287
+00:21:12,430 --> 00:21:17,890
+if someone. Like in the past, the speaker was a
+
+288
+00:21:17,890 --> 00:21:23,190
+senior person. Nowadays, the speaker is someone.
+
+289
+00:21:23,850 --> 00:21:29,240
+So, Can you, like, try to give meaning to this?
+
+290
+00:21:30,340 --> 00:21:34,590
+Yes, Hidayat, your idea, you are In the past,
+
+291
+00:21:34,690 --> 00:21:38,350
+other people, wise people, who had enough
+
+292
+00:21:38,350 --> 00:21:41,810
+experience to speak, they had the right to stand
+
+293
+00:21:41,810 --> 00:21:46,610
+up and express everybody's mind. But nowadays, a
+
+294
+00:21:46,610 --> 00:21:51,370
+young person, a man who is unqualified, anyone, we
+
+295
+00:21:51,370 --> 00:21:54,250
+call it in Arabic as our Prophet Muhammad said,
+
+296
+00:21:54,490 --> 00:22:00,670
+Arwaidullah. Anyone can speak for himself or even
+
+297
+00:22:00,670 --> 00:22:03,990
+for the public. Yeah, you're right. So in the
+
+298
+00:22:03,990 --> 00:22:09,050
+past, yes, you know, an elder, an elder, an elder,
+
+299
+00:22:09,450 --> 00:22:13,940
+it has You know, like this positive connotation.
+
+300
+00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:16,700
+When we are talking about an elder, we are talking
+
+301
+00:22:16,700 --> 00:22:20,880
+about a word where seniority was respected, where
+
+302
+00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:24,740
+wisdom was appreciated. However, you know, when we
+
+303
+00:22:24,740 --> 00:22:27,180
+are talking about someone, it is indefinite
+
+304
+00:22:27,180 --> 00:22:33,560
+pronoun. It signals like some feeling of a
+
+305
+00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:36,940
+respect, lack of wisdom, rashness, someone. You
+
+306
+00:22:36,940 --> 00:22:41,530
+see what I mean? So there is difference. A person
+
+307
+00:22:41,530 --> 00:22:44,390
+who is lacking a qualification. Thank you very
+
+308
+00:22:44,390 --> 00:22:48,190
+much for that. Yes? of the community structure,
+
+309
+00:22:48,410 --> 00:22:51,990
+like before the community revolved around having
+
+310
+00:22:51,990 --> 00:22:54,950
+the people and the elders telling them this and
+
+311
+00:22:54,950 --> 00:22:58,390
+that. And some of the people that took this poem
+
+312
+00:22:58,390 --> 00:23:02,130
+to be an attack on losing faith in religion or
+
+313
+00:23:02,130 --> 00:23:06,490
+saying, some interpretation said that, he's saying
+
+314
+00:23:06,490 --> 00:23:08,830
+that you shouldn't take anything for granted and
+
+315
+00:23:08,830 --> 00:23:11,710
+it's a superstition. So maybe he's saying, for
+
+316
+00:23:11,710 --> 00:23:14,930
+example, that Now like anybody can see and think
+
+317
+00:23:14,930 --> 00:23:17,670
+for himself, but before you just take it from the
+
+318
+00:23:17,670 --> 00:23:19,610
+elders and take it for granted without even
+
+319
+00:23:19,610 --> 00:23:22,590
+thinking. It can be true, it can be superstition.
+
+320
+00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:25,980
+Yeah, so the reaction, you know, again, like, you
+
+321
+00:23:25,980 --> 00:23:31,080
+know, what some, what, like, a senior person said
+
+322
+00:23:31,080 --> 00:23:34,900
+in the past was taken for granted, was, you know,
+
+323
+00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:39,780
+embraced without questioning, or nowadays, because
+
+324
+00:23:39,780 --> 00:23:42,880
+of increasing feeling of uncertainty. And
+
+325
+00:23:42,880 --> 00:23:45,100
+nowadays, like, the uncertainty, the skepticism,
+
+326
+00:23:45,220 --> 00:23:47,810
+the individualism, we're talking about what? the
+
+327
+00:23:47,810 --> 00:23:50,750
+late Victorian age. It was the age, you know, we
+
+328
+00:23:50,750 --> 00:23:54,210
+talk about when we, like, if you remember in the
+
+329
+00:23:54,210 --> 00:23:57,730
+lecture before the previous lecture, we talk
+
+330
+00:23:57,730 --> 00:24:02,450
+about, like, the, I mean, Dover Beach, and we saw
+
+331
+00:24:02,450 --> 00:24:06,370
+how Matthew Arnold was complaining because of the
+
+332
+00:24:06,370 --> 00:24:09,190
+uncertainty, because of the skepticism, and we
+
+333
+00:24:09,190 --> 00:24:12,310
+said that it was because of, like, the changes in
+
+334
+00:24:12,310 --> 00:24:15,040
+society, because of Darwin theory, because of, You
+
+335
+00:24:15,040 --> 00:24:18,720
+know, the withdrawal of religion. So here we are
+
+336
+00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:23,200
+trying to see how Hardy was conscious of that
+
+337
+00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:27,020
+changing world. It wasn't changing. And indeed,
+
+338
+00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:32,180
+like he was right, because after him, as he said,
+
+339
+00:24:32,740 --> 00:24:36,720
+the war, like perhaps ten years after this poem,
+
+340
+00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:41,240
+the first war started and, you know, it ended up
+
+341
+00:24:41,240 --> 00:24:45,780
+with massacres, bloodshed, and the human or the...
+
+342
+00:24:48,370 --> 00:24:53,270
+The sea of faith was very shrinking, very
+
+343
+00:24:53,270 --> 00:24:58,570
+withdrawing, withdrawing to the limit. Good. You
+
+344
+00:24:58,570 --> 00:25:03,790
+know someone and they are not the only words. We
+
+345
+00:25:03,790 --> 00:25:07,350
+have words, more words. Okay, what do you think of
+
+346
+00:25:07,350 --> 00:25:14,530
+like Embers, Christmas Eve and 12 of the clock?
+
+347
+00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:18,820
+They are all on their knees and elders sat in the
+
+348
+00:25:18,820 --> 00:25:22,320
+flock. What is a flock? Is it positive or
+
+349
+00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:27,840
+negative? It's like a crowd, you know? Flock, like
+
+350
+00:25:27,840 --> 00:25:31,900
+a herd, you know? And this is, you know, in
+
+351
+00:25:31,900 --> 00:25:34,080
+Christianity they called it, it's a biblical word.
+
+352
+00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:39,960
+Because Jesus thought of himself as what? a
+
+353
+00:25:39,960 --> 00:25:43,720
+shepherd and the people were the flocks you know
+
+354
+00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:47,880
+this is the sheep or the flock so here yes it's a
+
+355
+00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:54,680
+biblical word and look here we meek mild creatures
+
+356
+00:25:54,680 --> 00:25:59,420
+again meek and mild yeah it's a paradox because
+
+357
+00:25:59,420 --> 00:26:03,340
+you know we know that there's a paradox isn't it
+
+358
+00:26:03,340 --> 00:26:09,830
+it's a paradox Yeah, because we know that the oxen
+
+359
+00:26:09,830 --> 00:26:14,130
+are very wild, but here the meek, because of the
+
+360
+00:26:14,130 --> 00:26:17,190
+effect of the birth, because it was a cosmic
+
+361
+00:26:17,190 --> 00:26:22,750
+phenomenon. But meek, mild creatures, like Jesus
+
+362
+00:26:22,750 --> 00:26:26,650
+was referred to as a meek, mild, meek, very soft,
+
+363
+00:26:26,750 --> 00:26:31,110
+very gentle, very kind. Again, these are biblical
+
+364
+00:26:31,110 --> 00:26:37,210
+words. They are words which have to do with the
+
+365
+00:26:37,210 --> 00:26:42,350
+sense of clarity and the sense of simplicity. They
+
+366
+00:26:42,350 --> 00:26:44,690
+are simple words, but if you go,
+
+367
+00:26:49,810 --> 00:26:57,570
+look here, so far fancy, fancy unreal things. Even
+
+368
+00:26:57,570 --> 00:27:03,530
+look at the alliteration. So fancy, you know? It's
+
+369
+00:27:03,530 --> 00:27:07,090
+very disgusting, very, you know, somebody like
+
+370
+00:27:07,090 --> 00:27:11,810
+he's not happy, you know? And in these years, I
+
+371
+00:27:11,810 --> 00:27:14,210
+feel if someone said on Christmas Eve, come see
+
+372
+00:27:14,210 --> 00:27:18,910
+the oxen kneel in the lonely barton here, we
+
+373
+00:27:18,910 --> 00:27:23,590
+started, what is a barton? What is a barton? Did
+
+374
+00:27:23,590 --> 00:27:26,730
+you check this word? Did you check up this word in
+
+375
+00:27:26,730 --> 00:27:27,170
+the dictionary?
+
+376
+00:27:32,330 --> 00:27:36,690
+Okay, I understand that you are not investing your
+
+377
+00:27:36,690 --> 00:27:44,370
+time, guys. I said you should prepare. Your eyes
+
+378
+00:27:44,370 --> 00:27:48,170
+are telling me that you have not spent much time
+
+379
+00:27:48,170 --> 00:27:51,710
+on this poem, even though you have a stylistic
+
+380
+00:27:51,710 --> 00:27:58,450
+analysis of the poem in your reader. Okay? But let
+
+381
+00:27:58,450 --> 00:28:04,730
+me, Barton means a shed, a shed, you know, like a
+
+382
+00:28:04,730 --> 00:28:07,350
+cow shed, you know, it's a place where you keep
+
+383
+00:28:07,350 --> 00:28:11,430
+the animals. But like this is not everyday
+
+384
+00:28:11,430 --> 00:28:17,110
+language, it is Barton, cou, by under cou, cou
+
+385
+00:28:17,110 --> 00:28:20,330
+it's a valley. Like look, even if you go to the
+
+386
+00:28:20,330 --> 00:28:23,930
+dictionary, you will not find gloom, gloom, oo.
+
+387
+00:28:24,810 --> 00:28:28,370
+hoping it might be so. So these words are
+
+388
+00:28:28,370 --> 00:28:35,470
+intricate words. They are even archaic words, and
+
+389
+00:28:35,470 --> 00:28:39,010
+they are dissonant with their sound.
+
+390
+00:28:41,970 --> 00:28:45,510
+A last thing I want to talk about in this poem is
+
+391
+00:28:45,510 --> 00:28:46,430
+the sentence structure.
+
+392
+00:28:49,380 --> 00:28:53,520
+Okay, if you look at the sentence structure, or in
+
+393
+00:28:53,520 --> 00:29:01,380
+the first two stanzas, you find that... Okay, how
+
+394
+00:29:01,380 --> 00:29:04,900
+many types of sentences do we have? It's a good
+
+395
+00:29:04,900 --> 00:29:07,760
+grammar question. How many types of sentences do
+
+396
+00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:12,520
+we have? Three? Or four? Four, okay, thank you.
+
+397
+00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:18,900
+Symbol? Compound? Complex? compound and complex
+
+398
+00:29:18,900 --> 00:29:21,840
+okay can you give me an example of a simple
+
+399
+00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:29,380
+sentence okay good she is lazy thank you they are
+
+400
+00:29:29,380 --> 00:29:32,720
+lazy okay can you give me an example of a compound
+
+401
+00:29:32,720 --> 00:29:36,880
+sentence she
+
+402
+00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:43,660
+is lazy but smart she is lazy but smart okay can
+
+403
+00:29:43,660 --> 00:29:45,540
+you give me an example of a complex sentence
+
+404
+00:29:48,120 --> 00:29:54,060
+Although she's lazy, she's smart. Okay, thank you.
+
+405
+00:29:54,960 --> 00:30:04,080
+Now, if you look here at the sentences in like
+
+406
+00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:07,000
+Christmas Eve and 12 o'clock, now they are all on
+
+407
+00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:11,180
+their knees. It is what? It is simple. An elder
+
+408
+00:30:11,180 --> 00:30:18,120
+said, as we sat in a flock, like this is what? An
+
+409
+00:30:18,120 --> 00:30:22,180
+elderson as
+
+410
+00:30:22,180 --> 00:30:27,180
+we sat in the flock. Complex. Complex. But it is
+
+411
+00:30:27,180 --> 00:30:31,960
+like, it's not, you know, it is complex, yes, but
+
+412
+00:30:31,960 --> 00:30:36,780
+it is not very intricate. You know? So here, you
+
+413
+00:30:36,780 --> 00:30:41,120
+have, we pictured, you know, the meek, mild
+
+414
+00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:43,740
+creatures where they dwelt. It's, you know, a
+
+415
+00:30:43,740 --> 00:30:50,590
+relative close. It's another one. It's a compound.
+
+416
+00:30:51,130 --> 00:30:54,890
+So usually compound complex. But what about the
+
+417
+00:30:54,890 --> 00:31:03,190
+sentence structure in I feel. I feel happy. But I
+
+418
+00:31:03,190 --> 00:31:06,890
+feel happy is a symbol. But here, do we have this
+
+419
+00:31:06,890 --> 00:31:13,950
+symbol, you know, sentence structure? I feel. It
+
+420
+00:31:13,950 --> 00:31:16,690
+is interrupted, like, because I feel you don't
+
+421
+00:31:16,690 --> 00:31:20,870
+have the compliment. I feel if someone, so this is
+
+422
+00:31:20,870 --> 00:31:25,690
+what they, it is what we call embedded close. If I
+
+423
+00:31:25,690 --> 00:31:31,890
+feel if someone, you know, said on a Christmas
+
+424
+00:31:31,890 --> 00:31:35,610
+Eve, it's a conditional sentence. And the
+
+425
+00:31:35,610 --> 00:31:39,350
+conditional sentences, if you remember, they have
+
+426
+00:31:39,350 --> 00:31:43,220
+to do with what? A feeling of certainty or
+
+427
+00:31:43,220 --> 00:31:45,680
+uncertainty? Uncertainty. Uncertainty. You know,
+
+428
+00:31:45,720 --> 00:31:49,300
+again, we have this is reflected. If someone, look
+
+429
+00:31:49,300 --> 00:31:52,560
+here, the merry-go-round is interrupted by a
+
+430
+00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:55,440
+conditional close. If someone said on Christmas
+
+431
+00:31:55,440 --> 00:32:04,620
+Eve, come see the oxen kneel. Okay? In the lonely
+
+432
+00:32:04,620 --> 00:32:09,660
+Barton, if someone sits on a Christmas Eve, we
+
+433
+00:32:09,660 --> 00:32:13,700
+don't have, you know, come see the oxen kneel. We
+
+434
+00:32:13,700 --> 00:32:20,220
+don't have the second part of if sentence. So, and
+
+435
+00:32:20,220 --> 00:32:25,660
+this come on, you know, see the oxen kneel, it is
+
+436
+00:32:25,660 --> 00:32:31,670
+an hour close. You come, said, come on, it is the
+
+437
+00:32:31,670 --> 00:32:36,210
+object of the verb said. If someone said, what do
+
+438
+00:32:36,210 --> 00:32:39,810
+you say, come and see. So it's you come and see,
+
+439
+00:32:39,890 --> 00:32:43,570
+it is a noun close. In the lonely Barton, again,
+
+440
+00:32:43,670 --> 00:32:46,390
+we don't have look here, how intricate is the
+
+441
+00:32:46,390 --> 00:32:50,310
+sentence structure. It is very complicated. In the
+
+442
+00:32:50,310 --> 00:32:53,410
+lonely Barton by Yondersoo, our childhood used to
+
+443
+00:32:53,410 --> 00:32:59,530
+know. It's another close. You know, in The Lonely
+
+444
+00:32:59,530 --> 00:33:06,190
+Barton, this is an adverb of place, then you have
+
+445
+00:33:06,190 --> 00:33:11,150
+adjective close, and still we are waiting, you
+
+446
+00:33:11,150 --> 00:33:15,310
+know, the object of I feel or the predicate of I
+
+447
+00:33:15,310 --> 00:33:19,030
+feel, it is not there. It is very intricate, very
+
+448
+00:33:19,030 --> 00:33:23,210
+complicated sentence structure. Our childhood used
+
+449
+00:33:23,210 --> 00:33:27,150
+to know What kind of clues is this? Our childhood
+
+450
+00:33:27,150 --> 00:33:27,790
+used to know.
+
+451
+00:33:32,650 --> 00:33:36,830
+In the lonely barton by yonder coom, our childhood
+
+452
+00:33:36,830 --> 00:33:48,430
+used to know. It is adjective clues. You know,
+
+453
+00:33:48,970 --> 00:33:52,290
+which like in the lonely barton by yonder coom,
+
+454
+00:33:52,690 --> 00:33:57,570
+which Our childhood used to know. You see what I
+
+455
+00:33:57,570 --> 00:34:01,470
+mean? It's an adjective close. Yes, it is reduced
+
+456
+00:34:01,470 --> 00:34:05,290
+adjective close. It's not reduced. We have what we
+
+457
+00:34:05,290 --> 00:34:11,910
+call ellipses. It is not reduced. We have ellipses
+
+458
+00:34:11,910 --> 00:34:14,550
+which, you know, for example, this is the book
+
+459
+00:34:14,550 --> 00:34:19,920
+that I read. This is the book I read. The reduce
+
+460
+00:34:19,920 --> 00:34:23,920
+is like this. The man, you know, talking to his
+
+461
+00:34:23,920 --> 00:34:28,180
+wife is losing his mind. You know, this is like an
+
+462
+00:34:28,180 --> 00:34:33,900
+example of, okay, good. But again, used to, what
+
+463
+00:34:33,900 --> 00:34:36,800
+is used to? It is what?
+
+464
+00:34:39,620 --> 00:34:44,040
+Yeah, but what kind of verb is this? It's a modal
+
+465
+00:34:44,040 --> 00:34:49,020
+verb. Thank you. Why is it a modal verb? Yeah,
+
+466
+00:34:49,140 --> 00:34:51,740
+it's I used to. It's like other used to, I used to
+
+467
+00:34:51,740 --> 00:34:56,780
+do something. I used not to do that. Or sometimes
+
+468
+00:34:56,780 --> 00:35:00,520
+I say I didn't use. It's again a modal verb, you
+
+469
+00:35:00,520 --> 00:35:03,560
+know, which we might use in our analysis. So what
+
+470
+00:35:03,560 --> 00:35:07,680
+I want to say, and then I should go with him. If
+
+471
+00:35:07,680 --> 00:35:13,040
+somebody, this is like, the second part of the
+
+472
+00:35:13,040 --> 00:35:16,280
+conditional sentence, and then hoping it might be
+
+473
+00:35:16,280 --> 00:35:20,300
+so, this is the predicate of I feel, hoping it
+
+474
+00:35:20,300 --> 00:35:25,120
+might be so. As you see, it's a very strange poem,
+
+475
+00:35:25,200 --> 00:35:28,840
+isn't it? But look how stylistic analysis is very
+
+476
+00:35:28,840 --> 00:35:31,540
+useful.
+
+477
+00:35:32,900 --> 00:35:37,760
+Now we used, we manipulated the stylistic analysis
+
+478
+00:35:37,760 --> 00:35:45,490
+in exploring the deep meaning of the poem. And,
+
+479
+00:35:45,530 --> 00:35:49,570
+you know, all what I said, or not all what I said,
+
+480
+00:35:49,790 --> 00:35:54,010
+some of it you might find in the reader. If you
+
+481
+00:35:54,010 --> 00:35:57,350
+go, I left for you in the appendices, in the
+
+482
+00:35:57,350 --> 00:36:00,670
+appendices at the back of the, you know, something
+
+483
+00:36:00,670 --> 00:36:05,150
+called stylistic analysis of the oxen. So read it.
+
+484
+00:36:06,230 --> 00:36:11,210
+And if you have any question about this, we can
+
+485
+00:36:11,210 --> 00:36:14,450
+discuss it next time. So next time I'm not giving
+
+486
+00:36:14,450 --> 00:36:19,210
+you a new poem. It would be like further
+
+487
+00:36:19,210 --> 00:36:24,210
+discussion of this poem. And it's a general
+
+488
+00:36:24,210 --> 00:36:31,190
+discussion before we proceed and do like the war
+
+489
+00:36:31,190 --> 00:36:37,200
+poetry, Wilfred Owen, Futility. Okay, do you have
+
+490
+00:36:37,200 --> 00:36:41,860
+any question? Thank you for listening and see you
+
+491
+00:36:41,860 --> 00:36:42,260
+next time.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/y6poXfN1NuI.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1718 @@
+1
+00:00:14,520 --> 00:00:20,240
+Okay, good morning everybody. How are you? Good. I
+
+2
+00:00:20,240 --> 00:00:23,660
+think you are excited because the weekend is 
+
+3
+00:00:23,660 --> 00:00:24,100
+imminent.
+
+4
+00:00:26,810 --> 00:00:30,450
+Last time, we had a nice debate in this class. And
+
+5
+00:00:30,450 --> 00:00:35,390
+I think most of you watched the video to see
+
+6
+00:00:35,390 --> 00:00:40,410
+yourself debating. And some of you were gratified. 
+
+7
+00:00:41,350 --> 00:00:44,450
+Others were embarrassed. I don't know. But let's
+
+8
+00:00:44,450 --> 00:00:47,150
+see somebody who is going to report, somebody who
+
+9
+00:00:47,150 --> 00:00:51,840
+watched. Like, he was not attendant. He did not 
+
+10
+00:00:51,840 --> 00:00:55,260
+attend the class, but watched the video at home. I
+
+11
+00:00:55,260 --> 00:00:57,860
+don't know how she received it. Let's see. Good.
+
+12
+00:01:01,660 --> 00:01:04,260
+Before talking about my last lecture, I want to
+
+13
+00:01:04,260 --> 00:01:06,540
+say that I really like my friends' reports,
+
+14
+00:01:06,980 --> 00:01:09,140
+especially the poetic one, which I don't have the 
+
+15
+00:01:09,140 --> 00:01:12,320
+skill to write on. Coming back to the lecture, I 
+
+16
+00:01:12,320 --> 00:01:14,780
+like the doctor method in dividing us into groups 
+
+17
+00:01:14,780 --> 00:01:18,580
+supporting two different attitudes. If I were in 
+
+18
+00:01:18,580 --> 00:01:21,320
+the class, I will not be in any part. I will be in
+
+19
+00:01:21,320 --> 00:01:26,400
+the middle side. I'm right. I am with a poet. And 
+
+20
+00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:29,620
+at the same time, I am against him. Because with 
+
+21
+00:01:29,620 --> 00:01:34,760
+the So you are ambivalent. Yes. Ambivalent. Going 
+
+22
+00:01:34,760 --> 00:01:39,140
+with him, he went here to go with him and living 
+
+23
+00:01:39,140 --> 00:01:42,200
+with him in the lovely peaceful atmosphere without 
+
+24
+00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:44,400
+any problems, without complaining from anything. 
+
+25
+00:01:44,860 --> 00:01:47,960
+On the contrary, this is away from our Islamic
+
+26
+00:01:47,960 --> 00:01:50,940
+perspective at the same time and culture, and
+
+27
+00:01:50,940 --> 00:01:53,400
+there is no life without problems. I would like to 
+
+28
+00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:55,960
+say that the poet's idealism destroyed his
+
+29
+00:01:55,960 --> 00:01:59,140
+message. In other words, this idealism prevented
+
+30
+00:01:59,140 --> 00:02:01,800
+him from delivering his message. Good, thank you
+
+31
+00:02:01,800 --> 00:02:06,100
+very much. Okay. Good. We need to listen to 
+
+32
+00:02:06,100 --> 00:02:06,920
+another report. 
+
+33
+00:02:09,880 --> 00:02:13,200
+I think you reported last time? No. Okay, good. Go 
+
+34
+00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:16,820
+ahead. I'm sorry, I know there are wonderful 
+
+35
+00:02:16,820 --> 00:02:19,580
+reports, but we cannot give that chance to
+
+36
+00:02:19,580 --> 00:02:23,440
+everybody, you know? The last lecture was very
+
+37
+00:02:23,440 --> 00:02:25,600
+distinguished one. It had a special flavor. 
+
+38
+00:02:26,460 --> 00:02:27,400
+First... You come here.
+
+39
+00:02:30,590 --> 00:02:33,490
+First, we began with a new poem called, To His 
+
+40
+00:02:33,490 --> 00:02:36,330
+Love, for Christopher Marlowe. Dr. Habib started 
+
+41
+00:02:36,330 --> 00:02:38,970
+to ask us about the poem and its theme. The
+
+42
+00:02:38,970 --> 00:02:41,370
+lecture was full of interaction and participation. 
+
+43
+00:02:41,970 --> 00:02:44,670
+Then Dr. Habib suggested to make a new practical
+
+44
+00:02:44,670 --> 00:02:49,090
+activity, a debate. We made a wonderful debate
+
+45
+00:02:49,090 --> 00:02:52,230
+talking about the atmosphere of the poem, To His 
+
+46
+00:02:52,230 --> 00:02:56,490
+Love. At last, the lecture ended and we separated
+
+47
+00:02:56,490 --> 00:02:59,610
+to attend the other classes. Good, thank you. 
+
+48
+00:03:06,690 --> 00:03:07,330
+Now.
+
+49
+00:03:12,490 --> 00:03:17,890
+What's wrong with this computer? Good, let's see. 
+
+50
+00:03:18,190 --> 00:03:22,050
+Today we are going to see the aesthetics of the 
+
+51
+00:03:22,050 --> 00:03:26,530
+thought. You know, the elements of view. Let's
+
+52
+00:03:26,530 --> 00:03:32,070
+say, have you read the poem aloud? Okay. How did 
+
+53
+00:03:32,070 --> 00:03:33,770
+you feel when you read it aloud? I don't know how
+
+54
+00:03:33,770 --> 00:03:41,430
+you read it. How did
+
+55
+00:03:41,430 --> 00:03:45,650
+it sound when you read it aloud? Was it poetic?
+
+56
+00:03:48,930 --> 00:03:55,130
+In what sense? Like, when you read it aloud? Did 
+
+57
+00:03:55,130 --> 00:03:58,730
+it like amuse you in a sense or not? Were you
+
+58
+00:03:58,730 --> 00:04:03,970
+amused or you were not? Yes, let's see.
+
+59
+00:04:06,830 --> 00:04:17,090
+So you
+
+60
+00:04:17,090 --> 00:04:21,390
+want to say that you were impressed by the images 
+
+61
+00:04:21,390 --> 00:04:21,850
+itself.
+
+62
+00:04:31,910 --> 00:04:36,750
+Can somebody, like, get it? Okay, just Google and
+
+63
+00:04:36,750 --> 00:04:43,950
+the poem. Good. So, you like the images? I think,
+
+64
+00:04:44,070 --> 00:04:46,030
+you know, this is very significant because we are
+
+65
+00:04:46,030 --> 00:04:50,710
+dealing with a kind of poetry which is called, you 
+
+66
+00:04:50,710 --> 00:04:54,650
+know, or which is written in an Ovid fashion. And
+
+67
+00:04:54,650 --> 00:04:59,390
+when I say Ovid, well, it's like a Roman poet, you 
+
+68
+00:04:59,390 --> 00:05:03,770
+know. For him, he believed in this doctrine that 
+
+69
+00:05:03,770 --> 00:05:11,630
+poetry is painting, and painting is silent poetry. 
+
+70
+00:05:12,210 --> 00:05:16,930
+So painting is speaking poetry, and poetry is 
+
+71
+00:05:16,930 --> 00:05:23,070
+silent painting. Good. This is like what we see in 
+
+72
+00:05:23,070 --> 00:05:26,250
+the poem. We see an image. Yes, you are right.
+
+73
+00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:33,360
+like the poet succeeded in appealing to our
+
+74
+00:05:33,360 --> 00:05:37,880
+senses, and in a sense, when we read the poem, we 
+
+75
+00:05:37,880 --> 00:05:42,680
+enacted, like we succeeded to see in front of our 
+
+76
+00:05:42,680 --> 00:05:46,800
+eyes, like the trees, the birds, we listened to 
+
+77
+00:05:46,800 --> 00:05:50,000
+this, and perhaps that was the beauty of the poem.
+
+78
+00:05:50,780 --> 00:05:54,340
+Okay, other than this, what did you enjoy while 
+
+79
+00:05:54,340 --> 00:05:57,920
+reading? Yes, please. When I read the poem, I 
+
+80
+00:05:57,920 --> 00:06:01,920
+imagined the whole picture that the poet tries to
+
+81
+00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:07,180
+tell us about it or draw it to us. And when I read 
+
+82
+00:06:07,180 --> 00:06:09,580
+it for the first time, I thought it had this code 
+
+83
+00:06:09,580 --> 00:06:12,840
+of beauty inside the poem. Okay, so you were
+
+84
+00:06:12,840 --> 00:06:17,620
+impressed by the beauty. Good. Any other source of
+
+85
+00:06:17,620 --> 00:06:21,000
+fascination? Why are you fascinated with the poem?
+
+86
+00:06:22,220 --> 00:06:26,320
+It's because of its images. It's because of the 
+
+87
+00:06:26,320 --> 00:06:31,000
+beauty there. You know, what else? The simple
+
+88
+00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:35,520
+language. You like its simplicity. So what do you
+
+89
+00:06:35,520 --> 00:06:39,160
+think this simplicity, you know, why is he writing 
+
+90
+00:06:39,160 --> 00:06:42,840
+in a simple language? To make us understand. 
+
+91
+00:06:43,500 --> 00:06:47,180
+Because, you know, let's say suppose he wrote his 
+
+92
+00:06:47,180 --> 00:06:51,300
+poem in a cryptic manner, like the lady would not 
+
+93
+00:06:51,300 --> 00:06:55,950
+respond. Okay, good. So, yes, it is very simple.
+
+94
+00:07:01,670 --> 00:07:05,930
+Yeah, because he's talking about pastoral life,
+
+95
+00:07:06,090 --> 00:07:09,050
+and in pastoral life, we expect that everything is
+
+96
+00:07:09,050 --> 00:07:12,470
+simple. So, you know, the simplicity of the style
+
+97
+00:07:12,470 --> 00:07:15,930
+has to do with the power. Good. Thank you.
+
+98
+00:07:21,130 --> 00:07:25,170
+because I feel as if I connect one word. So the 
+
+99
+00:07:25,170 --> 00:07:29,010
+rhyme has this continuity, you know? Very good.
+
+100
+00:07:29,270 --> 00:07:32,650
+The rhyme, sometimes like it is masculine rhyme, 
+
+101
+00:07:32,810 --> 00:07:37,330
+sometimes it is feminine rhyme, you know? And so
+
+102
+00:07:37,330 --> 00:07:39,430
+like, do you want to say that the poem was 
+
+103
+00:07:39,430 --> 00:07:43,350
+musical? Did you feel like music? Have you tried 
+
+104
+00:07:43,350 --> 00:07:45,450
+to read it as if it were a song?
+
+105
+00:07:48,820 --> 00:07:52,660
+Have you tried like that? Why? Because it turns 
+
+106
+00:07:52,660 --> 00:07:58,200
+itself to music, you know? It's very musical. And
+
+107
+00:07:58,200 --> 00:08:01,060
+we all the pleasures grow and, you know, it goes.
+
+108
+00:08:01,500 --> 00:08:05,020
+If you want, I'm sure you can sing it easily. So 
+
+109
+00:08:05,020 --> 00:08:09,220
+yes, this poem is musical. Now, let's see. Do you
+
+110
+00:08:09,220 --> 00:08:14,940
+like it for other reasons other than this? Okay.
+
+111
+00:08:15,460 --> 00:08:19,540
+Now, I think I like it because of, yes, He used
+
+112
+00:08:19,540 --> 00:08:25,260
+the simple language to convey his message as the
+
+113
+00:08:25,260 --> 00:08:28,440
+simplicity of the nature that he wanted to live 
+
+114
+00:08:28,440 --> 00:08:30,260
+and stay on it.
+
+115
+00:08:32,680 --> 00:08:37,260
+Yes, so he wanted to match between the message and
+
+116
+00:08:37,260 --> 00:08:40,800
+the style. This is what he wanted to say. Good. I 
+
+117
+00:08:40,800 --> 00:08:44,260
+think yes, come live with me. It's like, you know, 
+
+118
+00:08:44,740 --> 00:08:47,240
+everyday language, come live with me and be my 
+
+119
+00:08:47,240 --> 00:08:50,260
+love. I know this is very disturbing, but perhaps,
+
+120
+00:08:50,860 --> 00:08:53,800
+you know, like if you remember last time when you
+
+121
+00:08:53,800 --> 00:08:58,620
+were debating, Some thought that, you know, to his 
+
+122
+00:08:58,620 --> 00:09:00,500
+love in the Elizabethan time, it means to his 
+
+123
+00:09:00,500 --> 00:09:05,240
+wife. And we have a poem for Spencer when he, you 
+
+124
+00:09:05,240 --> 00:09:07,620
+know, wrote one day, I wrote her name upon the
+
+125
+00:09:07,620 --> 00:09:11,300
+strand. So, and here again in the poem, we have an
+
+126
+00:09:11,300 --> 00:09:17,960
+indication of this chastity because the image of 
+
+127
+00:09:17,960 --> 00:09:20,920
+Myrtle in Greek mythology has to do with 
+
+128
+00:09:20,920 --> 00:09:25,800
+virginity. So he's talking about a very formal
+
+129
+00:09:25,800 --> 00:09:31,500
+matrimony. He's proposing to her formally. Later, 
+
+130
+00:09:31,600 --> 00:09:35,180
+we'll see the Myrtle has to do with virginity. The 
+
+131
+00:09:35,180 --> 00:09:39,760
+Myrtle has to do with formal marriage proposal. So 
+
+132
+00:09:39,760 --> 00:09:46,630
+again, this would You know, like, not Rob, or this 
+
+133
+00:09:46,630 --> 00:09:49,870
+would convince us that, you know, Marlow is not
+
+134
+00:09:49,870 --> 00:09:54,950
+bohemian. Marlow is not a poet who's, like, just
+
+135
+00:09:54,950 --> 00:09:58,550
+going to enjoy his life. No, he's very serious,
+
+136
+00:09:58,970 --> 00:10:03,310
+very serious. But there are other reasons. Now,
+
+137
+00:10:03,430 --> 00:10:08,030
+come live with me and be my love. I don't know how
+
+138
+00:10:08,030 --> 00:10:13,050
+would you read it. Suppose you make a scansion. So
+
+139
+00:10:13,050 --> 00:10:17,670
+how do you read? Come, I don't know, come, left, 
+
+140
+00:10:18,230 --> 00:10:22,550
+is it like this? Come, left, come left, come left,
+
+141
+00:10:23,170 --> 00:10:29,470
+come left with me. Or I don't know, it could be
+
+142
+00:10:29,470 --> 00:10:31,870
+come left because this is what is happening at the
+
+143
+00:10:31,870 --> 00:10:37,080
+poem. I think the poem, you know, Come, come live
+
+144
+00:10:37,080 --> 00:10:41,540
+with me and be my love. It goes like this. Come 
+
+145
+00:10:41,540 --> 00:10:44,820
+live with me and be my love. So right from the
+
+146
+00:10:44,820 --> 00:10:48,420
+very beginning, it is, you know, the choice is the 
+
+147
+00:10:48,420 --> 00:10:52,240
+iambic tetrameter, which is very iambic
+
+148
+00:10:52,240 --> 00:10:57,610
+tetrameter. We have four stresses, you know, I 
+
+149
+00:10:57,610 --> 00:11:02,730
+mean, four syllables, one stressed, you know, one
+
+150
+00:11:02,730 --> 00:11:06,070
+unstressed and stressed. Okay. Come live with me 
+
+151
+00:11:06,070 --> 00:11:09,250
+and be my love. So we are talking about eight
+
+152
+00:11:09,250 --> 00:11:12,470
+syllables. And we said that the iambic is very 
+
+153
+00:11:12,470 --> 00:11:15,290
+musical. I don't want to take you to the meter 
+
+154
+00:11:15,290 --> 00:11:18,450
+now, but let's see the poem. What is he saying in
+
+155
+00:11:18,450 --> 00:11:23,400
+the poem? And we all the pleasures prove. that
+
+156
+00:11:23,400 --> 00:11:26,420
+hills and valleys, dale and field, and all the 
+
+157
+00:11:26,420 --> 00:11:31,060
+craggy mountains yield. You know, I mean, these
+
+158
+00:11:31,060 --> 00:11:34,540
+consonants are disturbing, you know, I don't know,
+
+159
+00:11:34,900 --> 00:11:39,240
+because here it should be more musical, but he's 
+
+160
+00:11:39,240 --> 00:11:49,470
+using craggy mountains, you know. The K sound
+
+161
+00:11:49,470 --> 00:11:55,870
+has to do with a sense of difficulty. But this 
+
+162
+00:11:55,870 --> 00:11:58,510
+sense of difficulty, as you see, it is cancelled
+
+163
+00:11:58,510 --> 00:12:05,210
+with the yield itself. Everything is going to be 
+
+164
+00:12:05,210 --> 00:12:10,370
+made smooth. Every obstacle will be surpassed. 
+
+165
+00:12:11,870 --> 00:12:15,270
+Right from the very beginning, the invitation, you
+
+166
+00:12:15,270 --> 00:12:18,370
+know, is like, we all the pleasures prove, we're 
+
+167
+00:12:18,370 --> 00:12:22,190
+going to enjoy ourselves in the countryside. And
+
+168
+00:12:22,190 --> 00:12:26,710
+we will all the pleasures prove. Look here at, you
+
+169
+00:12:26,710 --> 00:12:30,290
+know, the syntactical choice of the word will. The 
+
+170
+00:12:30,290 --> 00:12:33,890
+verb will, you know, it's what? We use it to
+
+171
+00:12:33,890 --> 00:12:39,130
+express what? Future and promise. Because here,
+
+172
+00:12:39,730 --> 00:12:45,560
+now, This poem is full of persuasion. It has a
+
+173
+00:12:45,560 --> 00:12:50,560
+persuasive style. And persuasion is an art of 
+
+174
+00:12:50,560 --> 00:12:52,600
+marketing. If you remember last time in the
+
+175
+00:12:52,600 --> 00:12:57,000
+debate, I wanted either team to persuade the other 
+
+176
+00:12:57,000 --> 00:13:03,560
+about going or not going. That hills and valleys, 
+
+177
+00:13:03,660 --> 00:13:06,260
+dale and field, and all the craggy mountains
+
+178
+00:13:06,260 --> 00:13:15,850
+yield. There, there, will we sit upon the rocks?
+
+179
+00:13:17,150 --> 00:13:20,310
+You know, like this inversion in grammar, you
+
+180
+00:13:20,310 --> 00:13:24,230
+know, I mean, there's inversion there because it's
+
+181
+00:13:24,230 --> 00:13:27,410
+a place. Usually it doesn't happen like this. 
+
+182
+00:13:27,990 --> 00:13:31,690
+There, we will sit. But, you know, here he's
+
+183
+00:13:31,690 --> 00:13:34,610
+making inversion, he's deviating from grammatical
+
+184
+00:13:34,610 --> 00:13:38,610
+rule, and he's taking there as, you know, like,
+
+185
+00:13:39,210 --> 00:13:44,020
+you know, as a propositional phrase that, you 
+
+186
+00:13:44,020 --> 00:13:48,000
+know, which is not, which indicates a place, for 
+
+187
+00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:51,760
+example, beyond the mountain or beyond the
+
+188
+00:13:51,760 --> 00:13:55,520
+mountain lies the house. So this is possible, or 
+
+189
+00:13:55,520 --> 00:13:58,320
+this is what happens in grammar. At the corner of
+
+190
+00:
+
+223
+00:16:25,370 --> 00:16:29,890
+lady. And of course, here we see like roses,
+
+224
+00:16:30,370 --> 00:16:35,090
+poses, curtains. All these images have to do
+
+225
+00:16:35,090 --> 00:16:39,650
+with, you know, they are romantic images. You
+
+226
+00:16:39,650 --> 00:16:43,750
+know, the rose, it has romantic connotation. I
+
+227
+00:16:43,750 --> 00:16:46,850
+mean, the poses itself, you know, they have these
+
+228
+00:16:46,850 --> 00:16:50,670
+romantic connotations. There will I make thee beds
+
+229
+00:16:50,670 --> 00:16:57,390
+of roses. It's a promise. Very enticing. And a
+
+230
+00:16:57,390 --> 00:17:02,610
+thousand of fragrant roses. Look here, roses and
+
+231
+00:17:02,610 --> 00:17:06,370
+poses. It's not like fall and Madrigal. So here,
+
+232
+00:17:06,470 --> 00:17:08,550
+because of the rhyme, because to keep the music,
+
+233
+00:17:08,910 --> 00:17:12,690
+he's using feminine rhyme. So one time he's using
+
+234
+00:17:12,690 --> 00:17:16,070
+masculine and another time he's using feminine.
+
+235
+00:17:16,550 --> 00:17:19,950
+Roses and poses. There will I make thee beds of
+
+236
+00:17:19,950 --> 00:17:24,350
+roses. Will I make. The shepherd is promising to
+
+237
+00:17:24,350 --> 00:17:30,740
+make. and a thousand fragrant poses. Wow. A cup of
+
+238
+00:17:30,740 --> 00:17:36,980
+flowers and a curtain. What is a curtain? A cup of
+
+239
+00:17:36,980 --> 00:17:42,580
+flowers and a curtain. Yeah, and? Yeah, it's like
+
+240
+00:17:42,580 --> 00:17:48,220
+a skirt. A curtain embroidered with leaves of
+
+241
+00:17:48,220 --> 00:17:53,380
+myrtle. Embroidered, like the embroidery. Now, we
+
+242
+00:17:53,380 --> 00:17:56,850
+the Palestinians are Famous for embroidery. I
+
+243
+00:17:56,850 --> 00:18:00,770
+don't know where he got this image from. Because
+
+244
+00:18:00,770 --> 00:18:07,650
+as we said, those poets were Renaissance poets,
+
+245
+00:18:07,930 --> 00:18:13,330
+and they were influenced by the medieval time, by
+
+246
+00:18:13,330 --> 00:18:15,350
+the Arab civilization.
+
+247
+00:18:17,050 --> 00:18:19,950
+So, and a thousand fragrant roses, a cup of
+
+248
+00:18:19,950 --> 00:18:24,180
+flowers, and a curtain embroidered with leaves of
+
+249
+00:18:24,180 --> 00:18:29,560
+myrtle. As I said, myrtle, in Greek mythology, it
+
+250
+00:18:29,560 --> 00:18:35,400
+has to do with virginity. So this would refute all
+
+251
+00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:41,740
+those who would assume that Marlow was just
+
+252
+00:18:41,740 --> 00:18:47,160
+calling for illegal relationship. Because as we
+
+253
+00:18:47,160 --> 00:18:51,080
+said, in Greek mythology, myrtle has to do with
+
+254
+00:18:51,080 --> 00:18:54,440
+chastity. You know what's mean chastity? Yeah,
+
+255
+00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:57,300
+chastity, like chastity and purity.
+
+256
+00:19:01,040 --> 00:19:06,840
+Look here, like in each stanza, he is like giving
+
+257
+00:19:06,840 --> 00:19:12,500
+promises. So this poem is full of promises. Why?
+
+258
+00:19:12,620 --> 00:19:15,780
+Because he wants to convince her.
+
+259
+00:19:20,040 --> 00:19:23,260
+You know, she's reluctant. This is what we, and
+
+260
+00:19:23,260 --> 00:19:25,420
+she's not talking at all. Is she talking at all?
+
+261
+00:19:25,780 --> 00:19:29,860
+Is he giving her a voice? No. A gown made of the
+
+262
+00:19:29,860 --> 00:19:35,380
+finest wool. Which from our pretty lamps we pull.
+
+263
+00:19:36,560 --> 00:19:43,820
+You know, I don't know. This, yeah. Pardon? Yeah,
+
+264
+00:19:43,860 --> 00:19:46,340
+no, no, he's talking about the wool. I mean, the
+
+265
+00:19:46,340 --> 00:19:50,480
+wool, which we pull, I mean, take it. But I think,
+
+266
+00:19:50,580 --> 00:19:53,680
+you know, very good. It's not like skinning. We're
+
+267
+00:19:53,680 --> 00:19:55,800
+not talking about skinning. Like, we're talking
+
+268
+00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:58,860
+about, like, the world which is taken. And this
+
+269
+00:19:58,860 --> 00:20:01,780
+shows how England in the Mesopotamian times, you
+
+270
+00:20:01,780 --> 00:20:07,700
+know, started to assume, you know, very, you know,
+
+271
+00:20:07,820 --> 00:20:11,340
+interesting and very, you know, rich industrial
+
+272
+00:20:11,340 --> 00:20:14,280
+image because during the Mesopotamia and after the
+
+273
+00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:19,060
+Mesopotamia, England it became the workshop or a
+
+274
+00:20:19,060 --> 00:20:23,940
+factory for the best wool. And it is like up till
+
+275
+00:20:23,940 --> 00:20:27,320
+now England is known or is famous for its wool
+
+276
+00:20:27,320 --> 00:20:32,960
+industry. So here, as you see, but who's going to
+
+277
+00:20:32,960 --> 00:20:37,460
+do that? Who's going to pull? Who's going to make
+
+278
+00:20:37,460 --> 00:20:40,680
+the bed of roses? Do you think making the bed of
+
+279
+00:20:40,680 --> 00:20:43,960
+roses is like an easy thing? No. Do you think
+
+280
+00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:47,170
+pulling and processing You know, the world is an
+
+281
+00:20:47,170 --> 00:20:51,190
+easy thing. So I think, you know, here, we
+
+282
+00:20:51,190 --> 00:20:54,850
+understand, like, there is, you know, life is
+
+283
+00:20:54,850 --> 00:20:58,990
+difficult, and it seems like, you know, these
+
+284
+00:20:58,990 --> 00:21:01,690
+images do not have the power. Because, you know,
+
+285
+00:21:01,790 --> 00:21:05,930
+the assumption is that countryside is rustic, you
+
+286
+00:21:05,930 --> 00:21:11,110
+know, is ideal, idyllic, either idyllic, like,
+
+287
+00:21:11,450 --> 00:21:14,610
+it's equivalent to, you know, rustic. It's idle
+
+288
+00:21:14,610 --> 00:21:18,390
+life where you can do nothing. A gown made of the
+
+289
+00:21:18,390 --> 00:21:22,170
+finest wool, which from our pretty lambs we pawn.
+
+290
+00:21:22,790 --> 00:21:25,430
+Our pretty lambs. Like this is, you know, the
+
+291
+00:21:25,430 --> 00:21:30,090
+spirit of nationalism. Our, you know, our lamb.
+
+292
+00:21:30,870 --> 00:21:34,150
+You know, he's talking about himself as an
+
+293
+00:21:34,150 --> 00:21:36,250
+English, as a shepherd, but not an English
+
+294
+00:21:36,250 --> 00:21:41,780
+shepherd. So, you know, which is general, but you
+
+295
+00:21:41,780 --> 00:21:45,000
+know, we have regional interest here, which is our
+
+296
+00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:48,680
+lamp. Which from our pretty lamps, we pull. So
+
+297
+00:21:48,680 --> 00:21:53,240
+wool and pull. You know, look at this. It has to
+
+298
+00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:56,240
+do with, you know, the action itself. Pull because
+
+299
+00:21:56,240 --> 00:22:00,600
+it needs some, you know, movement. You know, pull.
+
+300
+00:22:01,340 --> 00:22:04,500
+Fair-lined slippers for the cold. Fair-lined
+
+301
+00:22:04,500 --> 00:22:07,180
+slippers. You know, these are feminine things,
+
+302
+00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:11,900
+like fair-lined slippers. It's an image of how,
+
+303
+00:22:12,080 --> 00:22:15,920
+like, the slippers, you know, are not with, you
+
+304
+00:22:15,920 --> 00:22:18,180
+know, thick lines, but they are fair lines glowing
+
+305
+00:22:18,180 --> 00:22:20,620
+like this. And everything, as you see, is
+
+306
+00:22:20,620 --> 00:22:23,240
+artificial. And this is what is happening in the
+
+307
+00:22:23,240 --> 00:22:26,580
+pastoral pool with buckles of the purest gold.
+
+308
+00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:30,300
+Buckles, you know, they buckle something which
+
+309
+00:22:30,300 --> 00:22:33,420
+closes the slippers and makes it tight.
+
+310
+00:22:40,820 --> 00:22:43,240
+I think he's becoming more convincing. A belt of
+
+311
+00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:51,800
+straw? A belt of straw and ivy buds. A belt of
+
+312
+00:22:51,800 --> 00:22:56,360
+straw. So what does this mean? Do you think this
+
+313
+00:22:56,360 --> 00:23:01,540
+is like cheap or expensive? Do you think this is a
+
+314
+00:23:01,540 --> 00:23:04,680
+belt of straw? I think sometimes we have the
+
+315
+00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:10,040
+tendency for something natural. I think when you
+
+316
+00:23:10,040 --> 00:23:13,750
+go You know, you find yourself instinctively
+
+317
+00:23:13,750 --> 00:23:16,810
+inclined, like, to buy something which is rustic.
+
+318
+00:23:18,370 --> 00:23:21,870
+But nowadays we have leather. Nobody is interested
+
+319
+00:23:21,870 --> 00:23:24,750
+in straw, you know, because nobody wants to be,
+
+320
+00:23:24,950 --> 00:23:30,530
+like, to live a fairy life, you know. Okay. A belt
+
+321
+00:23:30,530 --> 00:23:35,350
+of straw and ivy buds with coral clasp and amber
+
+322
+00:23:35,350 --> 00:23:38,530
+studs. Look at the images, how they are lovely. a
+
+323
+00:23:38,530 --> 00:23:42,910
+belt of straw, and ivory buds, ivory. Again, all
+
+324
+00:23:42,910 --> 00:23:49,070
+these things are natural, you know, with coral
+
+325
+00:23:49,070 --> 00:23:52,810
+clasts and amber studs. Amber studs, we're talking
+
+326
+00:23:52,810 --> 00:23:57,210
+about like, you know, gems, you know, like very
+
+327
+00:23:57,210 --> 00:24:03,130
+precious stones. And if these pleasures may, may
+
+328
+00:24:03,130 --> 00:24:08,410
+thee move, come live with me and be my love. So
+
+329
+00:24:08,410 --> 00:24:11,370
+again, why is he saying and if? What do you think
+
+330
+00:24:11,370 --> 00:24:16,310
+he's saying and if? He's not sure. Yeah, you're
+
+331
+00:24:16,310 --> 00:24:19,850
+right. He's not sure. He still thinks that the
+
+332
+00:24:19,850 --> 00:24:26,830
+lady is reluctant, is unwilling. So he's just like
+
+333
+00:24:26,830 --> 00:24:29,630
+this, you know, giving a promise after a promise
+
+334
+00:24:29,630 --> 00:24:32,550
+and try to test, you know, if she would come or
+
+335
+00:24:32,550 --> 00:24:36,720
+not. But we see or we understand that she's not.
+
+336
+00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:44,080
+Thy silver dishes for thy meat, as precious as the
+
+337
+00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:52,320
+gods to eat. Okay? This is very enticing for lazy,
+
+338
+00:24:52,840 --> 00:24:56,580
+you know, people. who want everything to be like,
+
+339
+00:24:57,160 --> 00:25:00,180
+you know, last year I asked, what would, you know,
+
+340
+00:25:00,820 --> 00:25:04,760
+the most enticing thing in this poem? And, like,
+
+341
+00:25:05,440 --> 00:25:08,940
+they said, okay, I like, you know, this idea of
+
+342
+00:25:08,940 --> 00:25:11,760
+having the meat coming to me without cooking,
+
+343
+00:25:11,900 --> 00:25:15,140
+without going through all this process of cooking.
+
+344
+00:25:16,070 --> 00:25:19,470
+Yes, they're silver dishes for thy meal, as
+
+345
+00:25:19,470 --> 00:25:22,450
+precious as the gods do eat. So she's going to
+
+346
+00:25:22,450 --> 00:25:26,210
+have eternal life. Like look at this simile here,
+
+347
+00:25:27,010 --> 00:25:31,070
+you know, she will be like a goddess, a goddess.
+
+348
+00:25:34,270 --> 00:25:41,250
+Shall on either table be prepared each day for
+
+349
+00:25:41,250 --> 00:25:46,620
+thee and me. Prepared, like What is like, you
+
+350
+00:25:46,620 --> 00:25:50,940
+know, here, look here, you see the aspect of the
+
+351
+00:25:50,940 --> 00:25:53,160
+verb. What is the aspect? Is it active or passive?
+
+352
+00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:58,240
+Passive. What does this mean? Yeah, we don't know.
+
+353
+00:25:58,580 --> 00:26:00,700
+We don't know who's going to do that. But we know
+
+354
+00:26:00,700 --> 00:26:03,700
+that everything will be, they will be like doing
+
+355
+00:26:03,700 --> 00:26:08,460
+nothing. Just like, yes, they will be idle. They
+
+356
+00:26:08,460 --> 00:26:11,800
+will do nothing. Everything will be prepared for
+
+357
+00:26:11,800 --> 00:26:14,480
+them. So the passive, you know, shows that the
+
+358
+00:26:14,480 --> 00:26:18,660
+life there, you know, is going to be without, you
+
+359
+00:26:18,660 --> 00:26:22,960
+know, work, without hard work. Prepared each day
+
+360
+00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:24,060
+for thee and me.
+
+361
+00:26:26,990 --> 00:26:30,310
+I don't know why he's saying not for us. He's
+
+362
+00:26:30,310 --> 00:26:35,570
+still, like, he's not sure. Okay. The shepherds
+
+363
+00:26:35,570 --> 00:26:39,590
+swayed. Of course, during that time, they had no
+
+364
+00:26:39,590 --> 00:26:42,890
+television. They had no satellite, you know,
+
+365
+00:26:42,930 --> 00:26:45,530
+nothing. So they had what? I mean, in the
+
+366
+00:26:45,530 --> 00:26:47,790
+countryside, this is how they would spend their
+
+367
+00:26:47,790 --> 00:26:53,030
+evening. Thy shepherds swayed shall dance and sing
+
+368
+00:26:53,030 --> 00:26:58,080
+for thy delight each May morning. Look at me
+
+369
+00:26:58,080 --> 00:27:05,860
+mourning. It's again, it's very musical, for thy
+
+370
+00:27:05,860 --> 00:27:08,920
+delight each may mourning, be mourning, you know?
+
+371
+00:27:09,520 --> 00:27:13,660
+And the stress here, you know, even there is small
+
+372
+00:27:13,660 --> 00:27:18,140
+variation. So it is stress, stress, stress. If
+
+373
+00:27:18,140 --> 00:27:25,260
+these delights, thy mind may move, still is not
+
+374
+00:27:25,260 --> 00:27:31,630
+sure. Then live with me and be my love. Then live
+
+375
+00:27:31,630 --> 00:27:35,570
+with me and be my love. I think here, you know,
+
+376
+00:27:35,990 --> 00:27:38,490
+then live with me and be my love. He's changing
+
+377
+00:27:38,490 --> 00:27:41,410
+the iambic tetrameter. Then live, so it is
+
+378
+00:27:41,410 --> 00:27:45,430
+becoming troche. They live with me, you know,
+
+379
+00:27:45,510 --> 00:27:48,590
+here, they live two stresses, two stresses and
+
+380
+00:27:48,590 --> 00:27:52,750
+then iambic pentameter. So he's using Troche and
+
+381
+00:27:52,750 --> 00:27:55,930
+then iambic pentameter. And I think, you know,
+
+382
+00:27:56,030 --> 00:28:01,230
+here, just to alert her, hey, you come, they live
+
+383
+00:28:01,230 --> 00:28:04,790
+with me, you know, he's impatient with her not
+
+384
+00:28:04,790 --> 00:28:10,460
+responding to him, you know. As you see, the poem
+
+385
+00:28:10,460 --> 00:28:16,820
+is not full of static elements, figures of speech.
+
+386
+00:28:17,460 --> 00:28:23,160
+So the poet here encoded his message in a symbol
+
+387
+00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:26,900
+in a very musical. He was careful for the rhyme
+
+388
+00:28:26,900 --> 00:28:29,000
+under it in order to
+
+389
+00:28:32,120 --> 00:28:35,260
+But you see, what makes the poem very beautiful,
+
+390
+00:28:35,860 --> 00:28:42,380
+it's genre, which is pastoral life. You know, it's
+
+391
+00:28:42,380 --> 00:28:46,920
+music. It's images, because this poem is full of
+
+392
+00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:52,560
+imagery. I don't know. I noticed in your debate,
+
+393
+00:28:52,720 --> 00:28:54,940
+or like if you remember in the debate last time,
+
+394
+00:28:55,480 --> 00:28:57,820
+because we want to go to the critique of the poem.
+
+395
+00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:07,120
+Like somebody complained that Marlow was inviting
+
+396
+00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:10,960
+a lady to go to a land which is not his own land,
+
+397
+00:29:11,700 --> 00:29:16,560
+you know? And that was a complaint, legitimate
+
+398
+00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:20,640
+complaint, because, you know, this type of
+
+399
+00:29:20,640 --> 00:29:24,030
+literature, which is pastoral poetry, in fact, It
+
+400
+00:29:24,030 --> 00:29:28,870
+was, you know, like to fit or to, you know, to
+
+401
+00:29:28,870 --> 00:29:32,710
+appeal to the courtly life, courtly life. But at
+
+402
+00:29:32,710 --> 00:29:37,470
+the same time, this was part of, you know, an
+
+403
+00:29:37,470 --> 00:29:40,970
+immersion discourse in the Elizabethan time and
+
+404
+00:29:40,970 --> 00:29:43,770
+even before the Elizabethan time. It is an
+
+405
+00:29:43,770 --> 00:29:48,080
+extension to Thomas More's Utopia, you know. The
+
+406
+00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:51,600
+Utopia, like, they were thinking of the ideal, the
+
+407
+00:29:51,600 --> 00:29:54,820
+imaginative world. So the Elizabethan, and even
+
+408
+00:29:54,820 --> 00:29:58,380
+before the Elizabethan, they kept, you know,
+
+409
+00:29:58,900 --> 00:30:02,160
+speculating, conjecturing about
+
+445
+00:32:33,560 --> 00:32:38,800
+poem, It's Beauty, last time by parodizing. You
+
+446
+00:32:38,800 --> 00:32:42,880
+know, by parodizing. And I didn't want to give you
+
+447
+00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:49,420
+a rally before you take this one. Because I want
+
+448
+00:32:49,420 --> 00:32:55,140
+you, like, later to see how rally it brought,
+
+449
+00:32:55,400 --> 00:33:01,740
+like, the lady, I mean, to respond to it. Okay,
+
+450
+00:33:01,800 --> 00:33:08,840
+I'll just give you now perhaps 10 minutes, you
+
+451
+00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:10,380
+know, what is the remaining part of the lecture,
+
+452
+00:33:11,060 --> 00:33:13,720
+to write a paragraph about the theme of the
+
+453
+00:33:13,720 --> 00:33:16,760
+poem, the theme. And you know, just a paragraph
+
+454
+00:33:16,760 --> 00:33:21,140
+to write about the theme and try to support this
+
+455
+00:33:21,140 --> 00:33:25,360
+theme by whatever images we have. Okay, you can
+
+456
+00:33:25,360 --> 00:33:31,800
+work in pairs or you can work individually. Okay,
+
+457
+00:33:32,720 --> 00:33:33,440
+let's see.
+
+458
+00:33:40,500 --> 00:33:46,320
+Okay, let's see a student who succeeded in writing
+
+459
+00:33:46,320 --> 00:33:49,160
+a small paragraph about the theme. Yes, please.
+
+460
+00:33:53,060 --> 00:33:55,800
+Did you work alone or with somebody? Okay, good.
+
+461
+00:33:57,870 --> 00:34:00,330
+Boom can be about pastoral life where the poet is
+
+462
+00:34:00,330 --> 00:34:02,450
+inviting his love to come with him in the
+
+463
+00:34:02,450 --> 00:34:05,150
+countryside, away from the complex city life.
+
+464
+00:34:05,470 --> 00:34:08,090
+Marlow uses a very simple language and images which
+
+465
+00:34:08,090 --> 00:34:11,070
+relate to the theme. Some of these images were too
+
+466
+00:34:11,070 --> 00:34:15,330
+idle which connects with the idea of utopia and
+
+467
+00:34:15,330 --> 00:34:17,770
+the imaginative words which some critics thought
+
+468
+00:34:17,770 --> 00:34:21,330
+it might be America. Okay, good, so I think you
+
+469
+00:34:21,330 --> 00:34:24,050
+are mixing between the two, between the two
+
+470
+00:34:24,050 --> 00:34:27,190
+themes, and whenever you want to criticize, I
+
+471
+00:34:27,190 --> 00:34:32,190
+advise you to stick to one theme, okay? Again, if
+
+472
+00:34:32,190 --> 00:34:37,490
+you say, the poem is part of the pastoral poetry
+
+473
+00:34:37,490 --> 00:34:42,090
+which celebrates the simplicity of this, the rural
+
+474
+00:34:42,090 --> 00:34:46,030
+life, you know, contrasted to the complexity of
+
+475
+00:34:46,030 --> 00:34:51,290
+the city life. Okay, so this could be like easier.
+
+476
+00:34:51,550 --> 00:34:53,610
+Yes, Jihan, the last one.
+
+477
+00:34:59,100 --> 00:35:01,920
+It's really short. Marlow's *The Passionate Shiver*
+
+478
+00:35:01,920 --> 00:35:04,940
+to His Love captures one of the most recurrent
+
+479
+00:35:04,940 --> 00:35:07,900
+themes in Elizabethan discourse, as the lovely
+
+480
+00:35:07,900 --> 00:35:12,060
+images from the pastoral life that he packed his
+
+481
+00:35:12,060 --> 00:35:14,320
+poem with definitely functioned so as to incite
+
+482
+00:35:14,320 --> 00:35:17,360
+the woman to nature and to promote it, grabbing
+
+483
+00:35:17,360 --> 00:35:20,080
+the reader away from the city's concerns and
+
+484
+00:35:20,080 --> 00:35:23,080
+chaos. Yeah, this is very sophisticated, you know,
+
+485
+00:35:23,160 --> 00:35:26,520
+and very eloquent. You know, she mentions talking
+
+486
+00:35:26,520 --> 00:35:30,460
+about the, you know, him like how he, you know,
+
+487
+00:35:30,520 --> 00:35:33,840
+like he wanted to talk about a recurrent theme, a
+
+488
+00:35:33,840 --> 00:35:37,400
+theme which was repeated again and again in the
+
+489
+00:35:37,400 --> 00:35:41,900
+Elizabethan time. Okay, I don't know when we
+
+490
+00:35:41,900 --> 00:35:47,790
+approach like Raleigh, We might not find this poem
+
+491
+00:35:47,790 --> 00:35:50,910
+as beautiful as it is. It might be different. So
+
+492
+00:35:50,910 --> 00:35:54,230
+let's see and wait for next time to see Raleigh.
+
+493
+00:35:54,970 --> 00:35:58,810
+And who's winner? Who's going to win, Raleigh or
+
+494
+00:35:58,810 --> 00:36:03,710
+Marlow? Yeah. I think Raleigh was, you know,
+
+495
+00:36:03,910 --> 00:36:08,370
+an expeditioner himself. But Marlow won. I bet Marlow
+
+496
+00:36:08,370 --> 00:36:11,130
+won, not Raleigh. Yeah. We'll see you next time.
+
+497
+00:36:11,350 --> 00:36:13,510
+Thank you very much and see you next time. 

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/zIsXCdrBw0Q.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1750 @@
+
+1
+00:00:12,120 --> 00:00:22,440
+Good morning everybody. How are you? Good. So
+
+2
+00:00:22,440 --> 00:00:29,160
+today, as you see, we are going to discuss the
+
+3
+00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:33,800
+aesthetics, I mean, the elements of beauty in the
+
+4
+00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:38,520
+poem, I mean, we discussed last time. If you
+
+5
+00:00:38,520 --> 00:00:42,220
+remember last time, we discussed the political or
+
+6
+00:00:42,220 --> 00:00:47,060
+the socio-political context of the poem. And
+
+7
+00:00:47,060 --> 00:00:51,180
+today, we want to talk more, to be more specific.
+
+8
+00:00:52,260 --> 00:00:54,640
+I mean, to talk in a specialized language, if you
+
+9
+00:00:54,640 --> 00:00:58,300
+remember. So what we have to do today is like to
+
+10
+00:00:58,300 --> 00:01:03,040
+isolate certain static elements, and then later,
+
+11
+00:01:03,580 --> 00:01:07,900
+you know, you might connect the static elements
+
+12
+00:01:07,900 --> 00:01:14,080
+with something public, okay? I know that you might
+
+13
+00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:19,180
+have some difficulty in certain terms. I know that
+
+14
+00:01:19,180 --> 00:01:23,240
+you were introduced to terms like alliteration,
+
+15
+00:01:24,260 --> 00:01:33,440
+rhyme, rhythm, assonance, paradox. However, you
+
+16
+00:01:33,440 --> 00:01:38,080
+have not been introduced to some terms like
+
+17
+00:01:38,080 --> 00:01:38,860
+simile,
+
+18
+00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:48,780
+metaphor, pun, metonymy, these are like general
+
+19
+00:01:48,780 --> 00:01:53,700
+tropes and they are easy. So and sometimes we use
+
+20
+00:01:53,700 --> 00:01:58,880
+them in our daily language. So if I come here and
+
+21
+00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:01,520
+I say it is an oven outside.
+
+22
+00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:08,420
+Yes, this seems to be nonsensical. So when I say
+
+23
+00:02:08,420 --> 00:02:14,320
+it's an oven outside, in fact, I'm comparing
+
+24
+00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:20,380
+outside to an oven. So nobody is expecting that
+
+25
+00:02:20,380 --> 00:02:24,720
+I'm going to bake the bread. So there is hidden
+
+26
+00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:27,720
+agreement among speakers of certain languages to
+
+27
+00:02:27,720 --> 00:02:32,080
+accept the fact that we can use this metaphoric
+
+28
+00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:38,760
+language. So now this simile, this simile, what is
+
+29
+00:02:38,760 --> 00:02:42,760
+a simile? Like if I say a simile, so what is a
+
+30
+00:02:42,760 --> 00:02:46,180
+simile? A simile is like a metaphor, but it
+
+31
+00:02:46,180 --> 00:02:54,580
+differs. So if I say, for example, my brother is
+
+32
+00:02:54,580 --> 00:03:00,460
+like a lion. This is a simile. It means I'm
+
+33
+00:03:00,460 --> 00:03:07,670
+comparing my brother to a lion and you know this
+
+34
+00:03:07,670 --> 00:03:13,990
+happens in poetry like Palestine is like a jewel
+
+35
+00:03:13,990 --> 00:03:18,790
+Jerusalem is the heart of Palestine look how
+
+36
+00:03:18,790 --> 00:03:23,630
+wonderful it you know Jerusalem is like the heart
+
+37
+00:03:23,630 --> 00:03:29,770
+of Palestine this is a simile We use like, as,
+
+38
+00:03:30,290 --> 00:03:34,930
+these propositions, or sometimes them. Sometimes
+
+39
+00:03:34,930 --> 00:03:40,830
+for kind of disparagement, I might say, you know,
+
+40
+00:03:41,330 --> 00:03:46,570
+the enemy soldiers are nothing more than rabbits.
+
+41
+00:03:47,610 --> 00:03:55,690
+You know, when Gaddafi wanted to describe the
+
+42
+00:03:55,690 --> 00:03:59,750
+revolutionists. He said, what? They are like mice,
+
+43
+00:04:00,310 --> 00:04:04,090
+you know. Of course, that was a kind of
+
+44
+00:04:04,090 --> 00:04:10,950
+disparagement. Now, we might at some stage tell
+
+45
+00:04:10,950 --> 00:04:15,070
+you what happens when we use, I mean, figurative
+
+46
+00:04:15,070 --> 00:04:19,980
+language, a simile or a metaphor. But can you
+
+47
+00:04:19,980 --> 00:04:22,500
+bring, you know, a seminar of your own? Like you
+
+48
+00:04:22,500 --> 00:04:24,760
+can talk about your mother, brother, sister, your
+
+49
+00:04:24,760 --> 00:04:30,960
+teacher, whatever. Can you? Can you? Yes. Give me
+
+50
+00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:31,220
+one.
+
+51
+00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:40,860
+Okay. Yes. Yeah, very good. My daughter is like a
+
+52
+00:04:40,860 --> 00:04:47,400
+rose. Wow. Okay. My mother is like an angel. Okay.
+
+53
+00:04:49,490 --> 00:04:52,750
+My house is like a battlefield. My house is like a
+
+54
+00:04:52,750 --> 00:05:00,330
+battlefield. Wow. Good. More? Yes? Palestine is
+
+55
+00:05:00,330 --> 00:05:03,930
+like heaven on earth. Excellent. Palestine is like
+
+56
+00:05:03,930 --> 00:05:08,390
+heaven on earth. Okay, in all these similes, we
+
+57
+00:05:08,390 --> 00:05:13,070
+compared something to something else. Now, in
+
+58
+00:05:13,070 --> 00:05:15,730
+Arabic, we know what is like this. In English,
+
+59
+00:05:16,370 --> 00:05:20,010
+there is a critic called I.A. Richard. He said, in
+
+60
+00:05:20,010 --> 00:05:23,850
+the comparison, usually, there is something called
+
+61
+00:05:23,850 --> 00:05:29,690
+the tenor, like this, you know, the thing we
+
+62
+00:05:29,690 --> 00:05:34,190
+compare to the thing compared to. For example,
+
+63
+00:05:34,250 --> 00:05:40,190
+when I say, my daughter, this is the tenor, my
+
+64
+00:05:40,190 --> 00:05:44,510
+daughter. Or let's say my brother, this is the
+
+65
+00:05:44,510 --> 00:05:51,490
+tenor, and a lion
+
+66
+00:05:51,490 --> 00:05:56,650
+is what we call a vehicle. What is a vehicle? It's
+
+67
+00:05:56,650 --> 00:06:00,090
+a carriage. So it is supposed like in a metaphor
+
+68
+00:06:00,090 --> 00:06:06,650
+like this or a simile that the vehicle carries all
+
+69
+00:06:06,650 --> 00:06:09,930
+the meanings inherent
+
+70
+00:06:13,180 --> 00:06:20,340
+in it like to the tenor. So what I mean by
+
+71
+00:06:20,340 --> 00:06:24,780
+meanings inherent, I mean connotations,
+
+72
+00:06:25,520 --> 00:06:29,360
+implications. So when I say my brother is like a
+
+73
+00:06:29,360 --> 00:06:34,420
+lion, so the word lion has its connotations. What
+
+74
+00:06:34,420 --> 00:06:38,530
+are these connotations? You know connotations?
+
+75
+00:06:38,970 --> 00:06:41,830
+Implications. What are the implications? Yes?
+
+76
+00:06:44,450 --> 00:06:46,170
+Courage. Good.
+
+77
+00:06:49,230 --> 00:06:54,530
+Power. Agility. You know, like what else?
+
+78
+00:06:55,410 --> 00:06:56,390
+Strength.
+
+79
+00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:04,900
+If you are daunting, it means you are majestic
+
+80
+00:07:04,900 --> 00:07:10,180
+because the lion is the king. So all these
+
+81
+00:07:10,180 --> 00:07:16,420
+connotations are transferred by the vehicle from
+
+82
+00:07:16,420 --> 00:07:20,600
+the vehicle to the tenor. So this is a very brief
+
+83
+00:07:20,600 --> 00:07:24,200
+way of talking about something in terms of
+
+84
+00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:30,800
+another. The same thing happens in the metaphor.
+
+85
+00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:38,780
+The metaphor is exactly like the
+
+86
+00:07:38,780 --> 00:07:42,240
+simile, but we don't have like. So simply I say,
+
+87
+00:07:42,640 --> 00:07:51,520
+my daughter is a rose. My daughter is a rose. My
+
+88
+00:07:51,520 --> 00:07:58,330
+sister is a moon. You know? So here, like, we have
+
+89
+00:07:58,330 --> 00:08:02,110
+metaphor. Metaphor. Like, because we are
+
+90
+00:08:02,110 --> 00:08:08,010
+comparing, but we don't have like or as. Okay.
+
+91
+00:08:08,950 --> 00:08:15,430
+Some metaphors, like, you know, we don't use the
+
+92
+00:08:15,430 --> 00:08:19,610
+vehicle itself, but we vehicle, we use a
+
+93
+00:08:19,610 --> 00:08:23,240
+characteristic of the vehicle. For example, the
+
+94
+00:08:23,240 --> 00:08:26,820
+moon shines. So you don't say my sister is a moon,
+
+95
+00:08:27,300 --> 00:08:32,340
+but you say my sister shines at night. She shines
+
+96
+00:08:32,340 --> 00:08:35,800
+very bright, you know, like this is poetry, you
+
+97
+00:08:35,800 --> 00:08:41,990
+know. Here, like there is a metaphor. There is a
+
+98
+00:08:41,990 --> 00:08:45,750
+metaphor, like I used, or a characteristic instead
+
+99
+00:08:45,750 --> 00:08:49,970
+of the vehicle, I used a characteristic of the
+
+100
+00:08:49,970 --> 00:08:55,270
+vehicle. Instead of saying, my daughter is like a
+
+101
+00:08:55,270 --> 00:09:01,270
+rose, my daughter, you know, smells lovely, you
+
+102
+00:09:01,270 --> 00:09:05,210
+know, smells lovely, or the fragrance of my
+
+103
+00:09:05,210 --> 00:09:10,980
+daughter is, you know, like, a fragrant water, you
+
+104
+00:09:10,980 --> 00:09:15,440
+know? You see what I mean? This is what happens in
+
+105
+00:09:15,440 --> 00:09:17,500
+the simile and the metaphors. There is
+
+106
+00:09:17,500 --> 00:09:21,540
+transference of meaning. I'm just glossing this
+
+107
+00:09:21,540 --> 00:09:25,080
+because you are going to study this in detail, but
+
+108
+00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:29,340
+because we need today to explore the aesthetics in
+
+109
+00:09:29,340 --> 00:09:33,220
+our poem, Uzalostohunt, I'd just like to let you
+
+110
+00:09:33,220 --> 00:09:37,780
+know quickly what these, you know, tropes mean
+
+111
+00:09:37,780 --> 00:09:42,570
+exactly. There is a pun, you know, a pun. What is
+
+112
+00:09:42,570 --> 00:09:49,450
+a pun? A pun. What is a pun? Yes. Words with
+
+113
+00:09:49,450 --> 00:09:52,450
+similar sounds with different meanings. Yes. Words
+
+114
+00:09:52,450 --> 00:09:55,470
+with similar sounds with different meanings. Let
+
+115
+00:09:55,470 --> 00:09:58,870
+me give you this pun. You know, it's like a
+
+116
+00:09:58,870 --> 00:10:04,950
+riddle. Seven days without food makes one week. Do
+
+117
+00:10:04,950 --> 00:10:12,190
+we have a pun? What is the pun? Week means either
+
+118
+00:10:12,190 --> 00:10:16,970
+like seven days together or week means very
+
+119
+00:10:16,970 --> 00:10:23,830
+feeble. Okay, good. Let me give you another
+
+120
+00:10:23,830 --> 00:10:25,470
+pun.
+
+121
+00:10:28,290 --> 00:10:35,250
+I say, a teacher is asking the student or the
+
+122
+00:10:35,250 --> 00:10:40,450
+students, how can you make a Swiss roll? How can
+
+123
+00:10:40,450 --> 00:10:46,970
+you make a Swiss roll? And one of the students was
+
+124
+00:10:46,970 --> 00:10:50,250
+saying, yes, sir, yes, sir. And he said, by
+
+125
+00:10:50,250 --> 00:10:54,350
+pushing him down the hill. Very funny, isn't it?
+
+126
+00:10:55,610 --> 00:10:59,350
+Because the student did not understand a Swiss
+
+127
+00:10:59,350 --> 00:11:04,910
+roll as a cake, but rather as a man from
+
+128
+00:11:04,910 --> 00:11:10,940
+Switzerland. We pun a lot. And when I was coming
+
+129
+00:11:10,940 --> 00:11:15,620
+to your class, somebody was saying, OK, let her
+
+130
+00:11:15,620 --> 00:11:18,560
+get into the left because she is pregnant. In
+
+131
+00:11:18,560 --> 00:11:21,820
+Arabic, we say hamil. So two of the students say,
+
+132
+00:11:22,540 --> 00:11:27,100
+they were not pregnant, and we are hamil. And
+
+133
+00:11:27,100 --> 00:11:30,320
+quickly, we said, OK, they are carrying their
+
+134
+00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:35,840
+bags. So the word hamil, it gave the two meanings.
+
+135
+00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:40,550
+So I think it is easy. But let me give you this
+
+136
+00:11:40,550 --> 00:11:44,570
+joke to exemplify the pun. And I think I included
+
+137
+00:11:44,570 --> 00:11:49,670
+in your reader some jokes, some, you know,
+
+138
+00:11:50,830 --> 00:11:54,520
+proverbs, you know, some sick humor. In order to
+
+139
+00:11:54,520 --> 00:11:58,960
+show you how sometimes, like, literal language is
+
+140
+00:11:58,960 --> 00:12:03,720
+there in, you know, in these proverbs and these, I
+
+141
+00:12:03,720 --> 00:12:06,340
+would say, I would call them literature with a
+
+142
+00:12:06,340 --> 00:12:11,020
+small l. So a waiter, a man has just gone to a
+
+143
+00:12:11,020 --> 00:12:14,720
+restaurant and he was served his soup. So he
+
+144
+00:12:14,720 --> 00:12:19,660
+poked, he locked into the soup and he found some
+
+145
+00:12:19,660 --> 00:12:23,230
+coins. And he complained. He said, waiter, waiter,
+
+146
+00:12:23,550 --> 00:12:27,690
+there are some coins in my soup. And the waiter
+
+147
+00:12:27,690 --> 00:12:31,730
+said, told him, yes, sir, because you asked for
+
+148
+00:12:31,730 --> 00:12:38,410
+some change in your meals. Change. Good. Like
+
+149
+00:12:38,410 --> 00:12:41,470
+change and change. And this is an example of pun.
+
+150
+00:12:41,830 --> 00:12:45,270
+And I think in Arabic, you have a lot of puns.
+
+151
+00:12:45,650 --> 00:12:51,290
+You're familiar with them. Let me just like give
+
+152
+00:12:51,290 --> 00:12:55,810
+you another trope, which is personification.
+
+153
+00:12:57,990 --> 00:13:03,390
+Personification, like you are assigning a human
+
+154
+00:13:03,390 --> 00:13:08,580
+characteristic you know, to something non-human.
+
+155
+00:13:09,320 --> 00:13:15,200
+For example, if you want to express your sadness
+
+156
+00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:20,180
+or whatever, you say, my disc is crying. So disc
+
+157
+00:13:20,180 --> 00:13:24,840
+is inanimate, but you are assigning an animate
+
+158
+00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:29,700
+feature to it, and this is called personification.
+
+159
+00:13:30,540 --> 00:13:32,240
+It is called personification.
+
+160
+00:13:34,350 --> 00:13:38,850
+Yes, you can say like, the dogs are talking, you
+
+161
+00:13:38,850 --> 00:13:40,330
+know, it's a personification.
+
+162
+00:13:43,590 --> 00:13:47,070
+And a last thing I want to give you, we might find
+
+163
+00:13:47,070 --> 00:13:49,930
+in the poem called apostrophe. Apostrophe.
+
+164
+00:13:57,330 --> 00:14:02,320
+What is apostrophe? Like you are calling, you are
+
+165
+00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:08,810
+addressing somebody who's not known. Okay. Good.
+
+166
+00:14:09,270 --> 00:14:13,410
+Now, I thought this would be indispensable, very
+
+167
+00:14:13,410 --> 00:14:18,070
+important, before we again look at the poem.
+
+168
+00:14:18,190 --> 00:14:21,410
+Because today, as I said, we need together to look
+
+169
+00:14:21,410 --> 00:14:25,850
+at the aesthetics, the figurative language, the
+
+170
+00:14:25,850 --> 00:14:30,030
+alliteration, the metaphors, and so on. And
+
+171
+00:14:30,030 --> 00:14:32,750
+perhaps later, and this is what we are going to do
+
+172
+00:14:32,750 --> 00:14:35,840
+next time, is to link you know, the specialized
+
+173
+00:14:35,840 --> 00:14:40,820
+language with the public language. Okay? So, let's
+
+174
+00:14:40,820 --> 00:14:46,520
+see. Did you have another go on this poem? Who's
+
+175
+00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:49,340
+lost a hand? I know where is an iron.
+
+176
+00:14:52,720 --> 00:14:58,000
+Yes. Let me just look at this first line. Do you
+
+177
+00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:02,440
+think is there any other figurative language? Any
+
+178
+00:15:02,440 --> 00:15:04,000
+figurative language?
+
+179
+00:15:07,200 --> 00:15:13,540
+Yes? Very good.
+
+180
+00:15:13,820 --> 00:15:18,600
+Excellent. Yes, you are right. He's comparing, you
+
+181
+00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:24,640
+know, a woman to a deer. A deer is a gazelle. You
+
+182
+00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:28,740
+know, a deer, you know, is a gazelle, a very, you
+
+183
+00:15:28,740 --> 00:15:33,120
+know, beautiful, cute. So, yes, he's comparing,
+
+184
+00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:37,770
+you know, a woman to a deer, a female deer. Now,
+
+185
+00:15:38,230 --> 00:15:41,350
+we might think what are the connotations of the
+
+186
+00:15:41,350 --> 00:15:46,950
+word deer? Beauty, softness, delicacy. What else?
+
+187
+00:15:48,090 --> 00:15:50,850
+A deer, have you ever been to a zoo or a national
+
+188
+00:15:50,850 --> 00:15:54,870
+park? You know, when you go, deers are a little
+
+189
+00:15:54,870 --> 00:15:56,910
+bit vulnerable. You know what's mean vulnerable?
+
+190
+00:15:57,410 --> 00:16:00,830
+They just, you know, they're feeble. They escape
+
+191
+00:16:00,830 --> 00:16:02,910
+quickly, you know. If you just knock like this,
+
+192
+00:16:03,590 --> 00:16:08,090
+they would panic. Okay? But they are very, you
+
+193
+00:16:08,090 --> 00:16:
+
+223
+00:18:15,110 --> 00:18:21,490
+is the poet addressing? Yeah, like unknown people,
+
+224
+00:18:21,870 --> 00:18:25,170
+mainly, you know, men who are not there. So this
+
+225
+00:18:25,170 --> 00:18:29,850
+is a kind of apostrophe. Who's lost a hunt? I know
+
+226
+00:18:29,850 --> 00:18:34,520
+where his anion is. But why is he addressing? What
+
+227
+00:18:34,520 --> 00:18:40,480
+is the significance of this apostrophe?
+
+228
+00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:47,680
+Why is he addressing them? You know why? Why is he
+
+229
+00:18:47,680 --> 00:18:50,980
+addressing people? It's a personal experience,
+
+230
+00:18:52,260 --> 00:18:59,960
+isn't it? So he's trying to make them share. him
+
+231
+00:18:59,960 --> 00:19:02,800
+his personal experience. So he's moving from
+
+232
+00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:08,300
+personal to public. But again, we might ask, why
+
+233
+00:19:08,300 --> 00:19:11,540
+is, you know, or why does he want to share with
+
+234
+00:19:11,540 --> 00:19:17,200
+them this experience? Now, as yes, excellent,
+
+235
+00:19:17,620 --> 00:19:21,520
+excellent, yes, to justify, to exonerate himself,
+
+236
+00:19:21,520 --> 00:19:24,860
+because, you know, in a poem, somebody might say,
+
+237
+00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:30,460
+hey, you are A liar. You are not true. It is you
+
+238
+00:19:30,460 --> 00:19:33,720
+who failed the woman. It is you who failed the
+
+239
+00:19:33,720 --> 00:19:37,060
+deal. But here, right from the very beginning,
+
+240
+00:19:37,220 --> 00:19:40,860
+he's saying, no, it's not me to blame. I'm not to
+
+241
+00:19:40,860 --> 00:19:46,180
+blame. You see? And I'm inviting everybody to make
+
+242
+00:19:46,180 --> 00:19:50,200
+sure that it is not me, but it is her who failed
+
+243
+00:19:50,200 --> 00:19:51,920
+all this love. Good.
+
+244
+00:19:54,900 --> 00:20:02,580
+Okay, more, but as, but as for me, alas, I may
+
+245
+00:20:02,580 --> 00:20:03,000
+know more.
+
+246
+00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:11,080
+Like, if we look at the word alas, you know, like,
+
+247
+00:20:11,660 --> 00:20:13,980
+what are semantic, what are the semantic
+
+248
+00:20:13,980 --> 00:20:17,120
+connotations, you know, or the connotations of the
+
+249
+00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:21,290
+word alas? What does it mean, alas? Unfortunately.
+
+250
+00:20:22,130 --> 00:20:25,730
+So alas is associated with what? With the feeling
+
+251
+00:20:25,730 --> 00:20:30,410
+of frustration, disappointment, depression. Alas.
+
+252
+00:20:30,690 --> 00:20:34,610
+So we might at some point to look at the word
+
+253
+00:20:34,610 --> 00:20:38,350
+choice in the poem, you know, which is also an
+
+254
+00:20:38,350 --> 00:20:43,870
+aesthetic element. Alas, I may know more. I may
+
+255
+00:20:43,870 --> 00:20:50,700
+know more. And like, Look here, me, ma, me, ma,
+
+256
+00:20:50,880 --> 00:20:53,740
+ma. Like the M sound, it is repeated. And if you
+
+257
+00:20:53,740 --> 00:20:57,940
+go down, the vain travail hath wear'd me so, me,
+
+258
+00:20:58,020 --> 00:21:04,440
+me, me, so sore. And like in the fifth line, yet
+
+259
+00:21:04,440 --> 00:21:09,760
+may I by no means, in the fifth line, if you look,
+
+260
+00:21:10,140 --> 00:21:15,720
+yet may I by no means my wear'd mine. The M sound
+
+261
+00:21:15,720 --> 00:21:19,680
+like this. It makes alliteration. And this
+
+262
+00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:24,180
+alliteration, you know, like conveys a feeling of
+
+263
+00:21:24,180 --> 00:21:29,120
+what? Complaint and suffering because like
+
+264
+00:21:29,120 --> 00:21:32,480
+somebody who's complaining. You know, when we are
+
+265
+00:21:32,480 --> 00:21:37,140
+in pain or agony, we complain in this way. Good.
+
+266
+00:21:37,680 --> 00:21:41,600
+And I think also you have alliteration in so-so,
+
+267
+00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:48,230
+so-so, like, and this alliteration also like shows
+
+268
+00:21:48,230 --> 00:21:52,990
+how better, how accurate, you know, his experience
+
+269
+00:21:52,990 --> 00:21:57,390
+is, you know, so sore. Like when sometimes we have
+
+270
+00:21:57,390 --> 00:22:00,590
+some chillies, you say, oh my God, so sore, you
+
+271
+00:22:00,590 --> 00:22:04,350
+know, so painful, so, you know, so sore. I think
+
+272
+00:22:04,350 --> 00:22:08,230
+it is, you know, alliteration, which has to do
+
+273
+00:22:08,230 --> 00:22:13,730
+with his sense of, you know, I don't want like to
+
+274
+00:22:13,730 --> 00:22:17,720
+link, but Okay, sometimes you feel that you should
+
+275
+00:22:17,720 --> 00:22:20,580
+link, but I'm leaving this for you to link. So
+
+276
+00:22:20,580 --> 00:22:23,280
+today, we're going to do it in a very traditional
+
+277
+00:22:23,280 --> 00:22:26,660
+way. I don't want you to do this in the exam to
+
+278
+00:22:26,660 --> 00:22:28,880
+say, hey, there's a better one. There's a simile.
+
+279
+00:22:29,140 --> 00:22:33,120
+No. What you have to do is to link. Okay? Good.
+
+280
+00:22:34,780 --> 00:22:44,500
+Yes. There is? Alliteration. Yes. Okay. Yeah, very
+
+281
+00:22:44,500 --> 00:22:49,370
+good. There is, who's lost a hand? I know where's
+
+282
+00:22:49,370 --> 00:22:52,310
+a nine. You know, the H, you know, is not like
+
+283
+00:22:52,310 --> 00:22:55,250
+some, you know, it is a mute. So I wouldn't say,
+
+284
+00:22:55,410 --> 00:22:57,790
+you know, alliteration in a false sense, because
+
+285
+00:22:57,790 --> 00:23:01,030
+it doesn't. But you have, you can say the vain
+
+286
+00:23:01,030 --> 00:23:06,350
+trumpet, like vain trumpet. Like, you see here,
+
+287
+00:23:06,870 --> 00:23:10,870
+the V, you know, these fricative sounds require
+
+288
+00:23:10,870 --> 00:23:13,490
+some efforts. And when he was talking about
+
+289
+00:23:13,490 --> 00:23:17,880
+efforts, labor, you know, he wanted to remind us
+
+290
+00:23:17,880 --> 00:23:22,380
+that he put some tremendous efforts. Like he
+
+291
+00:23:22,380 --> 00:23:27,120
+fritting. He, you know, was worn out. When he says
+
+292
+00:23:27,120 --> 00:23:32,240
+vain travail. Like this sounds like he just was
+
+293
+00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:35,520
+fritting. He did tremendous efforts. So this
+
+294
+00:23:35,520 --> 00:23:40,260
+cluster shows how, you know, exhausting his
+
+295
+00:23:40,260 --> 00:23:43,400
+hunting experience was. Okay, good.
+
+296
+00:23:46,270 --> 00:23:50,650
+among them that farthest comes behind. Yet may I,
+
+297
+00:23:51,410 --> 00:23:55,690
+by no means, my worried mind draw from the near.
+
+298
+00:23:56,490 --> 00:24:01,630
+Like here, he's asking, you know, a question. It's
+
+299
+00:24:01,630 --> 00:24:04,670
+a question, like what we call it rhetorical
+
+300
+00:24:04,670 --> 00:24:08,810
+question. Like, what does he want to say? Like, he
+
+301
+00:24:08,810 --> 00:24:12,630
+is going to justify himself. May I, do you think,
+
+302
+00:24:12,690 --> 00:24:16,690
+like, I dropped, I quit that because of no reason.
+
+303
+00:24:20,530 --> 00:24:25,050
+As you see, like the deer is this metaphor is
+
+304
+00:24:25,050 --> 00:24:28,650
+sustained. The whole metaphor, the whole metaphor
+
+305
+00:24:28,650 --> 00:24:32,010
+is sustained. And when we have sustained metaphor,
+
+306
+00:24:32,930 --> 00:24:35,850
+I mean sustained continued, you know, from the
+
+307
+00:24:35,850 --> 00:24:40,130
+first line. And the hunting, which is parallel. So
+
+308
+00:24:40,130 --> 00:24:42,970
+whenever we have sustained metaphors, sustained
+
+309
+00:24:42,970 --> 00:24:49,410
+similes, we call this what? Allegory. And last
+
+310
+00:24:49,410 --> 00:24:53,910
+time, I think, we knew why he opted for allegory,
+
+311
+00:24:53,930 --> 00:24:59,510
+because it was not safe for him to speak bluntly,
+
+312
+00:24:59,650 --> 00:25:06,330
+to speak in a very overt manner about that
+
+313
+00:25:06,330 --> 00:25:06,930
+relationship.
+
+314
+00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:14,280
+Okay, but as chief leaf of four, again we have
+
+315
+00:25:14,280 --> 00:25:18,380
+cluster of if sound, and if sound, if you
+
+316
+00:25:18,380 --> 00:25:23,360
+remember, they have to do with the feeling of, you
+
+317
+00:25:23,360 --> 00:25:28,680
+know, aversion, the feeling of reluctance, you are
+
+318
+00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:31,480
+aversive, you don't like, you know what's mean
+
+319
+00:25:31,480 --> 00:25:36,380
+aversive, you know? You are repulsive, you are
+
+320
+00:25:36,380 --> 00:25:38,160
+disgusted, okay?
+
+321
+00:25:44,150 --> 00:25:49,250
+So, I think here, fainting I follow, I leave off
+
+322
+00:25:49,250 --> 00:25:55,190
+therefore. So, look here, off, off. But again, I
+
+323
+00:25:55,190 --> 00:26:01,570
+leave off therefore. Look here, like at the
+
+324
+00:26:01,570 --> 00:26:05,490
+alliteration, you know, leave therefore. So,
+
+325
+00:26:06,030 --> 00:26:09,320
+because he's taking a decision. And when you take
+
+326
+00:26:09,320 --> 00:26:13,100
+a decision, you should show how decisive you are.
+
+327
+00:26:13,520 --> 00:26:19,060
+Again, like this fricative shows his decision of
+
+328
+00:26:19,060 --> 00:26:25,980
+giving up. I leave off, therefore, since in a net,
+
+329
+00:26:26,120 --> 00:26:31,560
+like this seven, it is since. In a net, I seek to
+
+330
+00:26:31,560 --> 00:26:35,760
+hold the wind. Oh, wow, what a lovely metaphor is
+
+331
+00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:43,100
+this. What is the woman? What is the woman? What
+
+332
+00:26:43,100 --> 00:26:47,080
+is the woman? Okay, but like, don't you think here
+
+333
+00:26:47,080 --> 00:26:49,240
+that we have a metaphor? What is he comparing?
+
+334
+00:26:49,680 --> 00:26:54,600
+Who's the woman? Yes. The lady. The lady is like
+
+335
+00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:59,120
+the woman. So let's explore the connotation of the
+
+336
+00:26:59,120 --> 00:27:04,200
+word woman. What is the woman? Fast. Excellent.
+
+337
+00:27:06,810 --> 00:27:13,390
+What do you mean escape? Like it doesn't remain,
+
+338
+00:27:13,590 --> 00:27:15,150
+it is always moving.
+
+339
+00:27:17,870 --> 00:27:20,670
+Unattainable. Sometimes you cannot attain, you
+
+340
+00:27:20,670 --> 00:27:24,990
+cannot touch it. What else? It's impossible to
+
+341
+00:27:24,990 --> 00:27:31,830
+touch. What else? Strong. Yeah, sometimes strong.
+
+342
+00:27:35,640 --> 00:27:40,280
+And all to the westward, like for Chile,
+
+343
+00:27:41,060 --> 00:27:44,160
+all to the westward, the westward was a power of
+
+344
+00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:47,920
+destruction. And it was a power of creativity. So
+
+345
+00:27:47,920 --> 00:27:55,400
+the wind is a little bit dangerous. It has
+
+346
+00:27:55,400 --> 00:27:59,420
+sweeping effects. So all these, I think most of
+
+347
+00:27:59,420 --> 00:28:03,260
+the connotations here are a little bit negative.
+
+348
+00:28:05,170 --> 00:28:10,830
+Okay, good. So I think here we have to understand
+
+349
+00:28:10,830 --> 00:28:14,630
+like, you know, how impossible the hunt is, how
+
+350
+00:28:14,630 --> 00:28:17,470
+frustrating it is. Because if you are trying,
+
+351
+00:28:17,890 --> 00:28:22,100
+imagine like this image. Somebody's trying like to
+
+352
+00:28:22,100 --> 00:28:26,660
+do what? To catch the wind in a net. So, what kind
+
+353
+00:28:26,660 --> 00:28:30,200
+of frustration, you know, would result? Like it
+
+354
+00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:33,880
+was like a frustration after frustration. So, I
+
+355
+00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:37,260
+think frustration, disappointment are key words,
+
+356
+00:28:37,740 --> 00:28:42,620
+you know, here in the experience of the poet. Was
+
+357
+00:28:42,620 --> 00:28:47,450
+lost among I know I put him out of doubt. Again,
+
+358
+00:28:47,650 --> 00:28:52,250
+we didn't talk about out, doubt, oh. All these
+
+359
+00:28:52,250 --> 00:28:58,010
+vowels have to do with his complaint. We said last
+
+360
+00:28:58,010 --> 00:29:02,010
+time, this is account of courtly love. And in the
+
+361
+00:29:02,010 --> 00:29:07,570
+courtly love, the poet either sings, celebrates
+
+362
+00:29:07,570 --> 00:29:12,730
+the traits of his beloved, or he complains because
+
+363
+00:29:12,730 --> 00:29:17,810
+his favor or his love is rejected. is turned down,
+
+364
+00:29:18,030 --> 00:29:25,910
+okay? As well as May spent his time in vain and
+
+365
+00:29:25,910 --> 00:29:31,310
+graven with diamonds in Luthor's plate. Now,
+
+366
+00:29:31,570 --> 00:29:36,370
+graven, like carved in diamonds. I think the word
+
+367
+00:29:36,370 --> 00:29:41,220
+diamonds here is significant. It's a metonymy. You
+
+368
+00:29:41,220 --> 00:29:43,920
+know, metonymy, you mention something to mean
+
+369
+00:29:43,920 --> 00:29:46,500
+something else. We didn't talk about the word
+
+370
+00:29:46,500 --> 00:29:50,640
+metonymy. Metonymy, it is like, in Arabic, we call
+
+371
+00:29:50,640 --> 00:29:54,480
+it kinaya, metonymy. I have, you know, if you have
+
+372
+00:29:54,480 --> 00:30:02,660
+a problem, me-to-no-me. Metonymy, sorry, is the
+
+373
+00:30:02,660 --> 00:30:02,940
+spelling.
+
+374
+00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:12,680
+Yes.
+
+375
+00:30:16,920 --> 00:30:23,100
+Metonymy, it is this kind of use something to mean
+
+376
+00:30:23,100 --> 00:30:26,240
+something else. For example, I say, last night
+
+377
+00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:31,340
+Gaza celebrated or rejoiced. I don't mean Gaza,
+
+378
+00:30:31,700 --> 00:30:34,400
+like the city and the walls, but I mean the
+
+379
+00:30:34,400 --> 00:30:38,400
+inhabitant. But again, the word diamond written,
+
+380
+00:30:39,620 --> 00:30:44,180
+it is a metonymy of what? It is a metonymy of
+
+381
+00:30:44,180 --> 00:30:47,120
+beauty,
+
+382
+00:30:48,120 --> 00:30:57,440
+richness, wealth, power. And if we go back,
+
+383
+00:30:57,600 --> 00:31:04,420
+because in the 16th century, the social structure
+
+384
+00:31:04,420 --> 00:31:09,900
+of the 16th century was governed by this
+
+385
+00:31:09,900 --> 00:31:14,050
+hierarchy, the high class. And, you know, there
+
+386
+00:31:14,050 --> 00:31:18,370
+was no middle class. So, again, class division is
+
+387
+00:31:18,370 --> 00:31:21,090
+in the background. This metonymy shows the
+
+388
+00:31:21,090 --> 00:31:23,410
+disparity. The disparity. You know what's been
+
+389
+00:31:23,410 --> 00:31:28,550
+disparity? In the social level between, like, the
+
+390
+00:31:28,550 --> 00:31:32,570
+poet and the lady. Because in cordial love, the
+
+391
+00:31:32,570 --> 00:31:36,290
+poet should be, you know, from a lower class. And
+
+392
+00:31:36,290 --> 00:31:39,570
+the lady is from a higher class. You know, the
+
+393
+00:31:39,570 --> 00:31:42,560
+poet should be abject. You know what's mean?
+
+394
+00:31:42,620 --> 00:31:47,800
+Abject. Very mean, very poor, very impoverished.
+
+395
+00:31:47,900 --> 00:31:52,700
+He should complain and complain. Good. Okay. Let's
+
+396
+00:31:52,700 --> 00:31:54,840
+go back to the poem. And the gray man with
+
+397
+00:31:54,840 --> 00:31:59,180
+diamonds in letter plain, there is written her
+
+398
+00:31:59,180 --> 00:32:04,740
+fair neck round about. I don't know, like, again,
+
+399
+00:32:04,840 --> 00:32:08,140
+this is like reference to her beauty, you know,
+
+400
+00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:12,550
+fair neck. But I don't know, round about. What is
+
+401
+00:32:12,550 --> 00:32:13,070
+a roundabout?
+
+402
+00:32:24,090 --> 00:32:27,710
+Yeah, it's a warning. It's a statement. Yeah,
+
+403
+00:32:27,830 --> 00:32:32,850
+she's a property. She's a property. Yes, she's a
+
+404
+00:32:32,850 --> 00:32:35,710
+property. I mean, the metonymy shows like this
+
+405
+00:32:35,710 --> 00:32:39,390
+lady is like a property owned by the king, you
+
+406
+00:32:39,390 --> 00:32:39,530
+know.
+
+407
+00:32:42,610 --> 00:32:46,030
+I don't know, like roundabout, if you go to the
+
+408
+00:32:46,030 --> 00:32:48,710
+Gulf, you know, in the Gulf, what they say about,
+
+409
+00:32:49,750 --> 00:32:
+
+445
+00:35:41,410 --> 00:35:43,990
+Don't know like it was clear for you or not, but
+
+446
+00:35:43,990 --> 00:35:47,590
+the rhyme scheme as you see here, it is, you know, 
+
+447
+00:35:48,190 --> 00:35:58,130
+A, let me just, A, B, B, A, A, B, B, A, and then
+
+448
+00:35:58,130 --> 00:36:08,290
+we have a new one, C, D, D, C, and E, E. Now, this 
+
+449
+00:36:08,290 --> 00:36:11,200
+is the rhyme scheme of this song. This is the
+
+450
+00:36:11,200 --> 00:36:15,440
+rhyme scheme of this sonnet. Now, originally, the
+
+451
+00:36:15,440 --> 00:36:18,900
+rhyme scheme of the Petrarchan sonnet does not have
+
+452
+00:36:18,900 --> 00:36:25,840
+this EE. So, it was supposed to be CDD and then
+
+453
+00:36:25,840 --> 00:36:31,740
+CBD. But here, like, there is a shift. Like, this 
+
+454
+00:36:31,740 --> 00:36:35,920
+is a shift. Now, we have, yes, we have two parts,
+
+455
+00:36:36,480 --> 00:36:39,800
+but he's trying to say this is a coupling. And I 
+
+456
+00:36:39,800 --> 00:36:43,260
+think you know, when you have two lines rhyming
+
+457
+00:36:43,260 --> 00:36:48,180
+the same, we call it a couplet. And I think the 
+
+458
+00:36:48,180 --> 00:36:51,680
+couplet with Shakespeare, the couplet will acquire
+
+459
+00:36:51,680 --> 00:36:55,260
+more importance because it's going to be like a
+
+460
+00:36:55,260 --> 00:36:59,160
+most, like the most important part in the sonnet.
+
+461
+00:37:00,260 --> 00:37:04,520
+Okay. Now, like why are we like looking? I want 
+
+462
+00:37:04,520 --> 00:37:06,880
+when you discuss the sonnet to mention in the
+
+463
+00:37:06,880 --> 00:37:10,290
+octave what is happening. In the octave, the poet 
+
+464
+00:37:10,290 --> 00:37:13,190
+is trying, for example, to exonerate himself. You
+
+465
+00:37:13,190 --> 00:37:16,510
+notice with exonerate, to remove all the blame. 
+
+466
+00:37:17,250 --> 00:37:20,650
+Like to exonerate or vindicate yourself, like you 
+
+467
+00:37:20,650 --> 00:37:23,610
+remove the blame. And like here, he wants to
+
+468
+00:37:23,610 --> 00:37:29,330
+exonerate himself. Or in the, you know, in the,
+
+469
+00:37:29,450 --> 00:37:34,230
+you know, like, the octave, he lists the reasons 
+
+470
+00:37:34,230 --> 00:37:38,910
+why he gave up, and, the system, like he gave 
+
+471
+00:37:38,910 --> 00:37:41,630
+his resolution, like why he should not be 
+
+472
+00:37:41,630 --> 00:37:48,630
+interested in Nihon anymore. Now, this is for
+
+473
+00:37:48,630 --> 00:37:50,710
+today, but I'm not sure whether you have any
+
+474
+00:37:50,710 --> 00:37:54,930
+questions before I assign you something else for 
+
+475
+00:37:54,930 --> 00:37:57,210
+next time. Yes, please. 
+
+476
+00:38:02,650 --> 00:38:06,810
+Okay, I told you like, you know, during that time
+
+477
+00:38:06,810 --> 00:38:09,910
+it was part of the culture to show that you are
+
+478
+00:38:09,910 --> 00:38:12,590
+erudite. You know what's mean erudite? Educated.
+
+479
+00:38:13,410 --> 00:38:18,630
+So erudite. You have to show some erudition. You 
+
+480
+00:38:18,630 --> 00:38:22,610
+have to show that you are a courtier who is well
+
+481
+00:38:22,610 --> 00:38:26,150
+-versed in languages, you know, in English, in 
+
+482
+00:38:26,150 --> 00:38:28,250
+Latin, you know, French and so on.
+
+483
+00:38:31,090 --> 00:38:35,170
+It was part of the culture during that time to use 
+
+484
+00:38:35,170 --> 00:38:39,910
+some languages. Even when they were writing 
+
+485
+00:38:39,910 --> 00:38:42,910
+letters, sometimes the introduction was in French.
+
+486
+00:38:43,430 --> 00:38:46,950
+The conclusion was in French, but the body was in
+
+487
+00:38:46,950 --> 00:38:52,450
+English. Good. Do you have any questions? Okay. I 
+
+488
+00:38:52,450 --> 00:38:58,480
+think the poem is becoming easier now. Okay? And I 
+
+489
+00:38:58,480 --> 00:39:02,180
+think I trust you because I see that most of you
+
+490
+00:39:02,180 --> 00:39:05,460
+are brilliant. I trust next time you will have the 
+
+491
+00:39:05,460 --> 00:39:08,880
+ability to connect between, you know, the 
+
+492
+00:39:08,880 --> 00:39:12,300
+specialized language and the public. But for this 
+
+493
+00:39:12,300 --> 00:39:17,980
+purpose, I need you to prepare like part one of 
+
+494
+00:39:17,980 --> 00:39:21,830
+the critical plan. Part one of the critical plan,
+
+495
+00:39:21,950 --> 00:39:24,690
+what kind of questions, because what I need, I 
+
+496
+00:39:24,690 --> 00:39:27,890
+need to give you some training how to start 
+
+497
+00:39:27,890 --> 00:39:30,910
+writing about the theme of the poem, how to 
+
+498
+00:39:30,910 --> 00:39:35,490
+elaborate, and how to set a plan for a critical 
+
+499
+00:39:35,490 --> 00:39:38,790
+account of any poem, not this poem. But this poem 
+
+500
+00:39:38,790 --> 00:39:42,910
+could be given as an example. Thank you for 
+
+501
+00:39:42,910 --> 00:39:45,790
+listening to me. I hope you enjoyed today's class. 
+
+502
+00:39:46,130 --> 00:39:47,750
+I'll see you in other classes. Yes? 

PL9fwy3NUQKwZ52Wxrug71SHLnFjqhlVJc/zIsXCdrBw0Q_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2008 @@
+1
+00:00:12,120 --> 00:00:22,440
+Good morning everybody. How are you? Good. So
+
+2
+00:00:22,440 --> 00:00:29,160
+today, as you see, we are going to discuss the
+
+3
+00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:33,800
+aesthetics, I mean, the elements of beauty in the
+
+4
+00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:38,520
+poem, I mean, we discussed last time. If you
+
+5
+00:00:38,520 --> 00:00:42,220
+remember last time, we discussed the political or
+
+6
+00:00:42,220 --> 00:00:47,060
+the socio-political context of the poem. And
+
+7
+00:00:47,060 --> 00:00:51,180
+today, we want to talk more, to be more specific.
+
+8
+00:00:52,260 --> 00:00:54,640
+I mean, to talk in a specialized language, if you
+
+9
+00:00:54,640 --> 00:00:58,300
+remember. So what we have to do today is like to
+
+10
+00:00:58,300 --> 00:01:03,040
+isolate certain static elements, and then later,
+
+11
+00:01:03,580 --> 00:01:07,900
+you know, you might connect the static elements
+
+12
+00:01:07,900 --> 00:01:14,080
+with something public, okay? I know that you might
+
+13
+00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:19,180
+have some difficulty in certain terms. I know that
+
+14
+00:01:19,180 --> 00:01:23,240
+you were introduced to terms like alliteration,
+
+15
+00:01:24,260 --> 00:01:33,440
+rhyme, rhythm, assonance, paradox. However, you
+
+16
+00:01:33,440 --> 00:01:38,080
+have not been introduced to some terms like
+
+17
+00:01:38,080 --> 00:01:38,860
+simile,
+
+18
+00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:48,780
+Metaphor, pun, metonymy, these are like general
+
+19
+00:01:48,780 --> 00:01:53,700
+tropes and they are easy. So and sometimes we use
+
+20
+00:01:53,700 --> 00:01:58,880
+them in our daily language. So if I come here and
+
+21
+00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:01,520
+I say it is an oven outside.
+
+22
+00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:08,420
+Yes, this seems to be nonsensical. So when I say
+
+23
+00:02:08,420 --> 00:02:14,320
+it's an oven outside, in fact, I'm comparing
+
+24
+00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:20,380
+outside to an oven. So nobody is expecting that
+
+25
+00:02:20,380 --> 00:02:24,720
+I'm going to bake the bread. So there is hidden
+
+26
+00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:27,720
+agreement among speakers of certain languages to
+
+27
+00:02:27,720 --> 00:02:32,080
+accept the fact that we can use this metaphoric
+
+28
+00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:38,760
+language. So now this simile, this simile, what is
+
+29
+00:02:38,760 --> 00:02:42,760
+a simile? Like if I say a simile, so what is a
+
+30
+00:02:42,760 --> 00:02:46,180
+simile? A simile is like a metaphor, but it
+
+31
+00:02:46,180 --> 00:02:54,580
+differs. So if I say, for example, my brother is
+
+32
+00:02:54,580 --> 00:03:00,460
+like a liar. This is a simile. It means I'm
+
+33
+00:03:00,460 --> 00:03:07,670
+comparing my brother to a lion and you know this
+
+34
+00:03:07,670 --> 00:03:13,990
+happens in poetry like Palestine is like a jewel
+
+35
+00:03:13,990 --> 00:03:18,790
+Jerusalem is the heart of Palestine look how
+
+36
+00:03:18,790 --> 00:03:23,630
+wonderful it you know Jerusalem is like the heart
+
+37
+00:03:23,630 --> 00:03:29,770
+of Palestine this is a simile We use like, as,
+
+38
+00:03:30,290 --> 00:03:34,930
+these propositions, or sometimes them. Sometimes
+
+39
+00:03:34,930 --> 00:03:40,830
+for kind of disparagement, I might say, you know,
+
+40
+00:03:41,330 --> 00:03:46,570
+the enemy soldiers are nothing more than rabbits.
+
+41
+00:03:47,610 --> 00:03:55,690
+You know, when Gaddafi wanted to describe the
+
+42
+00:03:55,690 --> 00:03:59,750
+revolutionists. He said, what? They are like mice,
+
+43
+00:04:00,310 --> 00:04:04,090
+you know. Of course, that was a kind of
+
+44
+00:04:04,090 --> 00:04:10,950
+disparagement. Now, we might at some stage tell
+
+45
+00:04:10,950 --> 00:04:15,070
+you what happens when we use, I mean, figurative
+
+46
+00:04:15,070 --> 00:04:19,980
+language, a simile or a metaphor. But can you
+
+47
+00:04:19,980 --> 00:04:22,500
+bring, you know, a seminar of your own? Like you
+
+48
+00:04:22,500 --> 00:04:24,760
+can talk about your mother, brother, sister, your
+
+49
+00:04:24,760 --> 00:04:30,960
+teacher, whatever. Can you? Can you? Yes. Give me
+
+50
+00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:31,220
+one.
+
+51
+00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:40,860
+Okay. Yes. Yeah, very good. My daughter is like a
+
+52
+00:04:40,860 --> 00:04:47,400
+rose. Wow. Okay. My mother is like an angel. Okay.
+
+53
+00:04:49,490 --> 00:04:52,750
+My house is like a battlefield. My house is like a
+
+54
+00:04:52,750 --> 00:05:00,330
+battlefield. Wow. Good. More? Yes? Palestine is
+
+55
+00:05:00,330 --> 00:05:03,930
+like heaven on earth. Excellent. Palestine is like
+
+56
+00:05:03,930 --> 00:05:08,390
+heaven on earth. Okay, in all these similes, we
+
+57
+00:05:08,390 --> 00:05:13,070
+compared something to something else. Now, in
+
+58
+00:05:13,070 --> 00:05:15,730
+Arabic, we know what is like this. In English,
+
+59
+00:05:16,370 --> 00:05:20,010
+there is a critic called I.A. Richard. He said, in
+
+60
+00:05:20,010 --> 00:05:23,850
+the comparison, usually, there is something called
+
+61
+00:05:23,850 --> 00:05:29,690
+the tenor, like this, you know, the thing we
+
+62
+00:05:29,690 --> 00:05:34,190
+compare to the thing compared to. For example,
+
+63
+00:05:34,250 --> 00:05:40,190
+when I say, my daughter, this is the tenor, my
+
+64
+00:05:40,190 --> 00:05:44,510
+daughter. Or let's say my brother, this is the
+
+65
+00:05:44,510 --> 00:05:51,490
+tenor, and a lion
+
+66
+00:05:51,490 --> 00:05:56,650
+is what we call a vehicle. What is a vehicle? It's
+
+67
+00:05:56,650 --> 00:06:00,090
+a carriage. So it is supposed like in a metaphor
+
+68
+00:06:00,090 --> 00:06:06,650
+like this or a simile that the vehicle carries all
+
+69
+00:06:06,650 --> 00:06:09,930
+the meanings inherent
+
+70
+00:06:13,180 --> 00:06:20,340
+in it like to the tenor. So what I mean by
+
+71
+00:06:20,340 --> 00:06:24,780
+meanings inherent, I mean connotations,
+
+72
+00:06:25,520 --> 00:06:29,360
+implications. So when I say my brother is like a
+
+73
+00:06:29,360 --> 00:06:34,420
+lion, so the word lion has its connotations. What
+
+74
+00:06:34,420 --> 00:06:38,530
+are these connotations? You know connotations?
+
+75
+00:06:38,970 --> 00:06:41,830
+Implications. What are the implications? Yes?
+
+76
+00:06:44,450 --> 00:06:46,170
+Courage. Good.
+
+77
+00:06:49,230 --> 00:06:54,530
+Power. Agility. You know, like what else?
+
+78
+00:06:55,410 --> 00:06:56,390
+Strength.
+
+79
+00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:04,900
+If you are daunting, it means you are majestic
+
+80
+00:07:04,900 --> 00:07:10,180
+because the lion is the king. So all these
+
+81
+00:07:10,180 --> 00:07:16,420
+connotations are transferred by the vehicle from
+
+82
+00:07:16,420 --> 00:07:20,600
+the vehicle to the tenor. So this is a very brief
+
+83
+00:07:20,600 --> 00:07:24,200
+way of talking about something in terms of
+
+84
+00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:30,800
+another. The same thing happens in the metaphor.
+
+85
+00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:38,780
+The metaphor is exactly like the
+
+86
+00:07:38,780 --> 00:07:42,240
+simile, but we don't have like. So simply I say,
+
+87
+00:07:42,640 --> 00:07:51,520
+my daughter is a rose. My daughter is a rose. My
+
+88
+00:07:51,520 --> 00:07:58,330
+sister is a moon. You know? So here, like, we have
+
+89
+00:07:58,330 --> 00:08:02,110
+metaphor. Metaphor. Like, because we are
+
+90
+00:08:02,110 --> 00:08:08,010
+comparing, but we don't have like or as. Okay.
+
+91
+00:08:08,950 --> 00:08:15,430
+Some metaphors, like, you know, we don't use the
+
+92
+00:08:15,430 --> 00:08:19,610
+vehicle itself, but we vehicle, we use a
+
+93
+00:08:19,610 --> 00:08:23,240
+characteristic of the vehicle. For example, the
+
+94
+00:08:23,240 --> 00:08:26,820
+moon shines. So you don't say my sister is a moon,
+
+95
+00:08:27,300 --> 00:08:32,340
+but you say my sister shines at night. She shines
+
+96
+00:08:32,340 --> 00:08:35,800
+very bright, you know, like this is poetry, you
+
+97
+00:08:35,800 --> 00:08:41,990
+know. Here, like there is a metaphor. There is a
+
+98
+00:08:41,990 --> 00:08:45,750
+metaphor, like I used, or a characteristic instead
+
+99
+00:08:45,750 --> 00:08:49,970
+of the vehicle, I used a characteristic of the
+
+100
+00:08:49,970 --> 00:08:55,270
+vehicle. Instead of saying, my daughter is like a
+
+101
+00:08:55,270 --> 00:09:01,270
+rose, my daughter, you know, smells lovely, you
+
+102
+00:09:01,270 --> 00:09:05,210
+know, smells lovely, or the fragrance of my
+
+103
+00:09:05,210 --> 00:09:10,980
+daughter is, you know, like, a fragrant water, you
+
+104
+00:09:10,980 --> 00:09:15,440
+know? You see what I mean? This is what happens in
+
+105
+00:09:15,440 --> 00:09:17,500
+the simile and the metaphors. There is
+
+106
+00:09:17,500 --> 00:09:21,540
+transference of meaning. I'm just glossing this
+
+107
+00:09:21,540 --> 00:09:25,080
+because you are going to study this in detail, but
+
+108
+00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:29,340
+because we need today to explore the aesthetics in
+
+109
+00:09:29,340 --> 00:09:33,220
+our poem, Uzalostohunt, I'd just like to let you
+
+110
+00:09:33,220 --> 00:09:37,780
+know quickly what these, you know, tropes mean
+
+111
+00:09:37,780 --> 00:09:42,570
+exactly. There is a pun, you know, a pun. What is
+
+112
+00:09:42,570 --> 00:09:49,450
+a pun? A pun. What is a pun? Yes. Words with
+
+113
+00:09:49,450 --> 00:09:52,450
+similar sounds with different meanings. Yes. Words
+
+114
+00:09:52,450 --> 00:09:55,470
+with similar sounds with different meanings. Let
+
+115
+00:09:55,470 --> 00:09:58,870
+me give you this pun. You know, it's like a
+
+116
+00:09:58,870 --> 00:10:04,950
+riddle. Seven days without food makes one week. Do
+
+117
+00:10:04,950 --> 00:10:12,190
+we have a pun? What is the pun? Week means either
+
+118
+00:10:12,190 --> 00:10:16,970
+like seven days together or week means very
+
+119
+00:10:16,970 --> 00:10:23,830
+feeble. Okay, good. Let me give you another
+
+120
+00:10:23,830 --> 00:10:25,470
+pun.
+
+121
+00:10:28,290 --> 00:10:35,250
+I say, a teacher is asking the student or the
+
+122
+00:10:35,250 --> 00:10:40,450
+students, how can you make a Swiss roll? How can
+
+123
+00:10:40,450 --> 00:10:46,970
+you make a Swiss roll? And one of the students was
+
+124
+00:10:46,970 --> 00:10:50,250
+saying, yes, sir, yes, sir. And he said, by
+
+125
+00:10:50,250 --> 00:10:54,350
+pushing him down the hill. Very funny, isn't it?
+
+126
+00:10:55,610 --> 00:10:59,350
+Because the student did not understand a Swiss
+
+127
+00:10:59,350 --> 00:11:04,910
+roll as a cake, but rather as a man from
+
+128
+00:11:04,910 --> 00:11:10,940
+Switzerland. We pun a lot. And when I was coming
+
+129
+00:11:10,940 --> 00:11:15,620
+to your class, somebody was saying, OK, let her
+
+130
+00:11:15,620 --> 00:11:18,560
+get into the left because she is pregnant. In
+
+131
+00:11:18,560 --> 00:11:21,820
+Arabic, we say hamil. So two of the students say,
+
+132
+00:11:22,540 --> 00:11:27,100
+they were not pregnant, and we are hamil. And
+
+133
+00:11:27,100 --> 00:11:30,320
+quickly, we said, OK, they are carrying their
+
+134
+00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:35,840
+bags. So the word hamil, it gave the two meanings.
+
+135
+00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:40,550
+So I think it is easy. But let me give you this
+
+136
+00:11:40,550 --> 00:11:44,570
+joke to exemplify the pun. And I think I included
+
+137
+00:11:44,570 --> 00:11:49,670
+in your reader some jokes, some, you know,
+
+138
+00:11:50,830 --> 00:11:54,520
+proverbs, you know, some sick humor. in order to
+
+139
+00:11:54,520 --> 00:11:58,960
+show you how sometimes, like, literal language is
+
+140
+00:11:58,960 --> 00:12:03,720
+there in, you know, in these proverbs and these, I
+
+141
+00:12:03,720 --> 00:12:06,340
+would say, I would call them literature with a
+
+142
+00:12:06,340 --> 00:12:11,020
+small l. So a waiter, a man has just gone to a
+
+143
+00:12:11,020 --> 00:12:14,720
+restaurant and he was served his soup. So he
+
+144
+00:12:14,720 --> 00:12:19,660
+poked, he locked into the soup and he found some
+
+145
+00:12:19,660 --> 00:12:23,230
+coins. And he complained. He said, waiter, waiter,
+
+146
+00:12:23,550 --> 00:12:27,690
+there are some coins in my soup. And the waiter
+
+147
+00:12:27,690 --> 00:12:31,730
+said, told him, yes, sir, because you asked for
+
+148
+00:12:31,730 --> 00:12:38,410
+some change in your meals. Change. Good. Like
+
+149
+00:12:38,410 --> 00:12:41,470
+change and change. And this is an example of pun.
+
+150
+00:12:41,830 --> 00:12:45,270
+And I think in Arabic, you have a lot of puns.
+
+151
+00:12:45,650 --> 00:12:51,290
+You're familiar with them. Let me just like give
+
+152
+00:12:51,290 --> 00:12:55,810
+you another trope, which is personification.
+
+153
+00:12:57,990 --> 00:13:03,390
+Personification, like you are assigning a human
+
+154
+00:13:03,390 --> 00:13:08,580
+characteristic you know, to something non-human.
+
+155
+00:13:09,320 --> 00:13:15,200
+For example, if you want to express your sadness
+
+156
+00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:20,180
+or whatever, you say, my disc is crying. So disc
+
+157
+00:13:20,180 --> 00:13:24,840
+is inanimate, but you are assigning an animate
+
+158
+00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:29,700
+feature to it, and this is called personification.
+
+159
+00:13:30,540 --> 00:13:32,240
+It is called personification.
+
+160
+00:13:34,350 --> 00:13:38,850
+Yes, you can say like, the dogs are talking, you
+
+161
+00:13:38,850 --> 00:13:40,330
+know, it's a personification.
+
+162
+00:13:43,590 --> 00:13:47,070
+And a last thing I want to give you, we might find
+
+163
+00:13:47,070 --> 00:13:49,930
+in the poem called apostrophe. Apostrophe.
+
+164
+00:13:57,330 --> 00:14:02,320
+What is apostrophe? Like you are calling, you are
+
+165
+00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:08,810
+addressing somebody who's not known. Okay. Good.
+
+166
+00:14:09,270 --> 00:14:13,410
+Now, I thought this would be indispensable, very
+
+167
+00:14:13,410 --> 00:14:18,070
+important, before we again look at the poem.
+
+168
+00:14:18,190 --> 00:14:21,410
+Because today, as I said, we need together to look
+
+169
+00:14:21,410 --> 00:14:25,850
+at the aesthetics, the figurative language, the
+
+170
+00:14:25,850 --> 00:14:30,030
+alliteration, the metaphors, and so on. And
+
+171
+00:14:30,030 --> 00:14:32,750
+perhaps later, and this is what we are going to do
+
+172
+00:14:32,750 --> 00:14:35,840
+next time, is to link you know, the specialized
+
+173
+00:14:35,840 --> 00:14:40,820
+language with the public language. Okay? So, let's
+
+174
+00:14:40,820 --> 00:14:46,520
+see. Did you have another go on this poem? Who's
+
+175
+00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:49,340
+lost a hand? I know where is an iron.
+
+176
+00:14:52,720 --> 00:14:58,000
+Yes. Let me just look at this first line. Do you
+
+177
+00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:02,440
+think is there any other figurative language? Any
+
+178
+00:15:02,440 --> 00:15:04,000
+figurative language?
+
+179
+00:15:07,200 --> 00:15:13,540
+Yes? Very good.
+
+180
+00:15:13,820 --> 00:15:18,600
+Excellent. Yes, you are right. He's comparing, you
+
+181
+00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:24,640
+know, a woman to a deer. A deer is a gazelle. You
+
+182
+00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:28,740
+know, a deer, you know, is a gazelle, a very, you
+
+183
+00:15:28,740 --> 00:15:33,120
+know, beautiful, cute. So, yes, he's comparing,
+
+184
+00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:37,770
+you know, a woman to a deer, a female deer. Now,
+
+185
+00:15:38,230 --> 00:15:41,350
+we might think what are the connotations of the
+
+186
+00:15:41,350 --> 00:15:46,950
+word deer? Beauty, softness, delicacy. What else?
+
+187
+00:15:48,090 --> 00:15:50,850
+A deer, have you ever been to a zoo or a national
+
+188
+00:15:50,850 --> 00:15:54,870
+park? You know, when you go, deers are a little
+
+189
+00:15:54,870 --> 00:15:56,910
+bit vulnerable. You know what's mean vulnerable?
+
+190
+00:15:57,410 --> 00:16:00,830
+They just, you know, they're feeble. They escape
+
+191
+00:16:00,830 --> 00:16:02,910
+quickly, you know. If you just knock like this,
+
+192
+00:16:03,590 --> 00:16:08,090
+they would panic. Okay? But they are very, you
+
+193
+00:16:08,090 --> 00:16:10,670
+know, wonderful to look at, very, you know,
+
+194
+00:16:10,810 --> 00:16:14,250
+feminine. However, they are, you know,
+
+195
+00:16:14,390 --> 00:16:18,130
+unpredictable. Unpredictable. You know, you don't
+
+196
+00:16:18,130 --> 00:16:21,730
+know whether they are going like to come toward
+
+197
+00:16:21,730 --> 00:16:24,090
+you or to escape you. You don't know. They are
+
+198
+00:16:24,090 --> 00:16:30,910
+unpredictable. Good. Okay, so he compares like
+
+199
+00:16:30,910 --> 00:16:36,470
+this lady to a deer. You know, good. What do we
+
+200
+00:16:36,470 --> 00:16:44,150
+have in this line? Yes, so he's comparing the act
+
+201
+00:16:44,150 --> 00:16:47,930
+of falling in love is like hunting. And like
+
+202
+00:16:47,930 --> 00:16:51,490
+hunting, what is hunting? What are like the
+
+203
+00:16:51,490 --> 00:16:54,230
+connotations of hunting? Like the word hunting?
+
+204
+00:16:54,790 --> 00:16:58,430
+You know, it is something again, which depends on
+
+205
+00:16:58,430 --> 00:17:02,760
+fortune. It depends on luck. It involves a lot of
+
+206
+00:17:02,760 --> 00:17:05,620
+efforts. It involves a lot of disappointment
+
+207
+00:17:05,620 --> 00:17:09,200
+because, you know, I used to hunt birds when I was
+
+208
+00:17:09,200 --> 00:17:12,390
+young. One day I was very happy because I hunted a
+
+209
+00:17:12,390 --> 00:17:15,650
+lot, you know, I just like, but the other day I
+
+210
+00:17:15,650 --> 00:17:18,350
+was like disappointed because nothing, you know, I
+
+211
+00:17:18,350 --> 00:17:22,130
+hunted nothing. So, you see, these are the
+
+212
+00:17:22,130 --> 00:17:26,390
+feelings, the sentiments that are associated with
+
+213
+00:17:26,390 --> 00:17:31,170
+hunting. Good. But don't you see there is a pun in
+
+214
+00:17:31,170 --> 00:17:36,710
+the first line? Who's lost a hand? I know where's
+
+215
+00:17:36,710 --> 00:17:44,620
+an eye. Yeah? Ayin, it sounds like end. Ayin, it
+
+216
+00:17:44,620 --> 00:17:48,600
+sounds like end. Who's lost their Ayin? I know
+
+217
+00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:52,000
+there's an Ayin. It's like it sounds similar to
+
+218
+00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:56,340
+the word end. So you could possibly say this is a
+
+219
+00:17:56,340 --> 00:18:00,980
+path. And you know, like, if the poet says, I tell
+
+220
+00:18:00,980 --> 00:18:04,660
+him where he can find a very disappointing end,
+
+221
+00:18:04,940 --> 00:18:06,960
+you know, this is, you know, what I can tell him.
+
+222
+00:18:12,010 --> 00:18:15,110
+But, like, if we look here, what is the poet? Who
+
+223
+00:18:15,110 --> 00:18:21,490
+is the poet addressing? Yeah, like unknown people,
+
+224
+00:18:21,870 --> 00:18:25,170
+mainly, you know, men who are not there. So this
+
+225
+00:18:25,170 --> 00:18:29,850
+is a kind of apostrophe. Who's lost a hunt? I know
+
+226
+00:18:29,850 --> 00:18:34,520
+where his anion is. But why is he addressing? What
+
+227
+00:18:34,520 --> 00:18:40,480
+is the significance of this apostrophe?
+
+228
+00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:47,680
+Why is he addressing them? You know why? Why is he
+
+229
+00:18:47,680 --> 00:18:50,980
+addressing people? It's a personal experience,
+
+230
+00:18:52,260 --> 00:18:59,960
+isn't it? So he's trying to make them share. him
+
+231
+00:18:59,960 --> 00:19:02,800
+his personal experience. So he's moving from
+
+232
+00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:08,300
+personal to public. But again, we might ask, why
+
+233
+00:19:08,300 --> 00:19:11,540
+is, you know, or why does he want to share with
+
+234
+00:19:11,540 --> 00:19:17,200
+them this experience? Now, as yes, excellent,
+
+235
+00:19:17,620 --> 00:19:21,520
+excellent, yes, to justify, to exonerate himself,
+
+236
+00:19:21,520 --> 00:19:24,860
+because, you know, in a poem, somebody might say,
+
+237
+00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:30,460
+hey, you are A liar. You are not true. It is you
+
+238
+00:19:30,460 --> 00:19:33,720
+who failed the woman. It is you who failed the
+
+239
+00:19:33,720 --> 00:19:37,060
+deal. But here, right from the very beginning,
+
+240
+00:19:37,220 --> 00:19:40,860
+he's saying, no, it's not me to blame. I'm not to
+
+241
+00:19:40,860 --> 00:19:46,180
+blame. You see? And I'm inviting everybody to make
+
+242
+00:19:46,180 --> 00:19:50,200
+sure that it is not me, but it is her who failed
+
+243
+00:19:50,200 --> 00:19:51,920
+all this love. Good.
+
+244
+00:19:54,900 --> 00:20:02,580
+Okay, more, but as, but as for me, alas, I may
+
+245
+00:20:02,580 --> 00:20:03,000
+know more.
+
+246
+00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:11,080
+Like, if we look at the word alas, you know, like,
+
+247
+00:20:11,660 --> 00:20:13,980
+what are semantic, what are the semantic
+
+248
+00:20:13,980 --> 00:20:17,120
+connotations, you know, or the connotations of the
+
+249
+00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:21,290
+word alas? What does it mean, alas? Unfortunately.
+
+250
+00:20:22,130 --> 00:20:25,730
+So alas is associated with what? With the feeling
+
+251
+00:20:25,730 --> 00:20:30,410
+of frustration, disappointment, depression. Alas.
+
+252
+00:20:30,690 --> 00:20:34,610
+So we might at some point to look at the word
+
+253
+00:20:34,610 --> 00:20:38,350
+choice in the poem, you know, which is also an
+
+254
+00:20:38,350 --> 00:20:43,870
+aesthetic element. Alas, I may know more. I may
+
+255
+00:20:43,870 --> 00:20:50,700
+know more. And like, Look here, me, ma, me, ma,
+
+256
+00:20:50,880 --> 00:20:53,740
+ma. Like the M sound, it is repeated. And if you
+
+257
+00:20:53,740 --> 00:20:57,940
+go down, the vain travail hath wear'd me so, me,
+
+258
+00:20:58,020 --> 00:21:04,440
+me, me, so sore. And like in the fifth line, yet
+
+259
+00:21:04,440 --> 00:21:09,760
+may I by no means, in the fifth line, if you look,
+
+260
+00:21:10,140 --> 00:21:15,720
+yet may I by no means my wear'd mine. The M sound
+
+261
+00:21:15,720 --> 00:21:19,680
+like this. It makes alliteration. And this
+
+262
+00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:24,180
+alliteration, you know, like conveys a feeling of
+
+263
+00:21:24,180 --> 00:21:29,120
+what? Complaint and suffering because like
+
+264
+00:21:29,120 --> 00:21:32,480
+somebody who's complaining. You know, when we are
+
+265
+00:21:32,480 --> 00:21:37,140
+in pain or agony, we complain in this way. Good.
+
+266
+00:21:37,680 --> 00:21:41,600
+And I think also you have alliteration in so-so,
+
+267
+00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:48,230
+so-so, like, and this alliteration also like shows
+
+268
+00:21:48,230 --> 00:21:52,990
+how better, how accurate, you know, his experience
+
+269
+00:21:52,990 --> 00:21:57,390
+is, you know, so sore. Like when sometimes we have
+
+270
+00:21:57,390 --> 00:22:00,590
+some chillies, you say, oh my God, so sore, you
+
+271
+00:22:00,590 --> 00:22:04,350
+know, so painful, so, you know, so sore. I think
+
+272
+00:22:04,350 --> 00:22:08,230
+it is, you know, alliteration, which has to do
+
+273
+00:22:08,230 --> 00:22:13,730
+with his sense of, you know, I don't want like to
+
+274
+00:22:13,730 --> 00:22:17,720
+link, but Okay, sometimes you feel that you should
+
+275
+00:22:17,720 --> 00:22:20,580
+link, but I'm leaving this for you to link. So
+
+276
+00:22:20,580 --> 00:22:23,280
+today, we're going to do it in a very traditional
+
+277
+00:22:23,280 --> 00:22:26,660
+way. I don't want you to do this in the exam to
+
+278
+00:22:26,660 --> 00:22:28,880
+say, hey, there's a better one. There's a simile.
+
+279
+00:22:29,140 --> 00:22:33,120
+No. What you have to do is to link. Okay? Good.
+
+280
+00:22:34,780 --> 00:22:44,500
+Yes. There is? Alliteration. Yes. Okay. Yeah, very
+
+281
+00:22:44,500 --> 00:22:49,370
+good. There is, who's lost a hand? I know where's
+
+282
+00:22:49,370 --> 00:22:52,310
+a nine. You know, the H, you know, is not like
+
+283
+00:22:52,310 --> 00:22:55,250
+some, you know, it is a mute. So I wouldn't say,
+
+284
+00:22:55,410 --> 00:22:57,790
+you know, alliteration in a false sense, because
+
+285
+00:22:57,790 --> 00:23:01,030
+it doesn't. But you have, you can say the vain
+
+286
+00:23:01,030 --> 00:23:06,350
+trumpet, like vain trumpet. Like, you see here,
+
+287
+00:23:06,870 --> 00:23:10,870
+the V, you know, these fricative sounds require
+
+288
+00:23:10,870 --> 00:23:13,490
+some efforts. And when he was talking about
+
+289
+00:23:13,490 --> 00:23:17,880
+efforts, labor, you know, he wanted to remind us
+
+290
+00:23:17,880 --> 00:23:22,380
+that he put some tremendous efforts. Like he
+
+291
+00:23:22,380 --> 00:23:27,120
+fritting. He, you know, was worn out. When he says
+
+292
+00:23:27,120 --> 00:23:32,240
+vain travail. Like this sounds like he just was
+
+293
+00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:35,520
+fritting. He did tremendous efforts. So this
+
+294
+00:23:35,520 --> 00:23:40,260
+cluster shows how, you know, exhausting his
+
+295
+00:23:40,260 --> 00:23:43,400
+hunting experience was. Okay, good.
+
+296
+00:23:46,270 --> 00:23:50,650
+among them that farthest comes behind. Yet may I,
+
+297
+00:23:51,410 --> 00:23:55,690
+by no means, my worried mind draw from the near.
+
+298
+00:23:56,490 --> 00:24:01,630
+Like here, he's asking, you know, a question. It's
+
+299
+00:24:01,630 --> 00:24:04,670
+a question, like what we call it rhetorical
+
+300
+00:24:04,670 --> 00:24:08,810
+question. Like, what does he want to say? Like, he
+
+301
+00:24:08,810 --> 00:24:12,630
+is going to justify himself. May I, do you think,
+
+302
+00:24:12,690 --> 00:24:16,690
+like, I dropped, I quit that because of no reason.
+
+303
+00:24:20,530 --> 00:24:25,050
+As you see, like the deer is this metaphor is
+
+304
+00:24:25,050 --> 00:24:28,650
+sustained. The whole metaphor, the whole metaphor
+
+305
+00:24:28,650 --> 00:24:32,010
+is sustained. And when we have sustained metaphor,
+
+306
+00:24:32,930 --> 00:24:35,850
+I mean sustained continued, you know, from the
+
+307
+00:24:35,850 --> 00:24:40,130
+first line. And the hunting, which is parallel. So
+
+308
+00:24:40,130 --> 00:24:42,970
+whenever we have sustained metaphors, sustained
+
+309
+00:24:42,970 --> 00:24:49,410
+similes, we call this what? Allegory. And last
+
+310
+00:24:49,410 --> 00:24:53,910
+time, I think, we knew why he opted for allegory,
+
+311
+00:24:53,930 --> 00:24:59,510
+because it was not safe for him to speak bluntly,
+
+312
+00:24:59,650 --> 00:25:06,330
+to speak in a very overt manner about that
+
+313
+00:25:06,330 --> 00:25:06,930
+relationship.
+
+314
+00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:14,280
+Okay, but as chief leaf of four, again we have
+
+315
+00:25:14,280 --> 00:25:18,380
+cluster of if sound, and if sound, if you
+
+316
+00:25:18,380 --> 00:25:23,360
+remember, they have to do with the feeling of, you
+
+317
+00:25:23,360 --> 00:25:28,680
+know, aversion, the feeling of reluctance, you are
+
+318
+00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:31,480
+aversive, you don't like, you know what's mean
+
+319
+00:25:31,480 --> 00:25:36,380
+aversive, you know? You are repulsive, you are
+
+320
+00:25:36,380 --> 00:25:38,160
+disgusted, okay?
+
+321
+00:25:44,150 --> 00:25:49,250
+So, I think here, fainting I follow, I leave off
+
+322
+00:25:49,250 --> 00:25:55,190
+therefore. So, look here, off, off. But again, I
+
+323
+00:25:55,190 --> 00:26:01,570
+leave off therefore. Look here, like at the
+
+324
+00:26:01,570 --> 00:26:05,490
+alliteration, you know, leave therefore. So,
+
+325
+00:26:06,030 --> 00:26:09,320
+because he's taking a decision. And when you take
+
+326
+00:26:09,320 --> 00:26:13,100
+a decision, you should show how decisive you are.
+
+327
+00:26:13,520 --> 00:26:19,060
+Again, like this fricative shows his decision of
+
+328
+00:26:19,060 --> 00:26:25,980
+giving up. I leave off, therefore, since in a net,
+
+329
+00:26:26,120 --> 00:26:31,560
+like this seven, it is since. In a net, I seek to
+
+330
+00:26:31,560 --> 00:26:35,760
+hold the wind. Oh, wow, what a lovely metaphor is
+
+331
+00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:43,100
+this. What is the woman? What is the woman? What
+
+332
+00:26:43,100 --> 00:26:47,080
+is the woman? Okay, but like, don't you think here
+
+333
+00:26:47,080 --> 00:26:49,240
+that we have a metaphor? What is he comparing?
+
+334
+00:26:49,680 --> 00:26:54,600
+Who's the woman? Yes. The lady. The lady is like
+
+335
+00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:59,120
+the woman. So let's explore the connotation of the
+
+336
+00:26:59,120 --> 00:27:04,200
+word woman. What is the woman? Fast. Excellent.
+
+337
+00:27:06,810 --> 00:27:13,390
+What do you mean escape? Like it doesn't remain,
+
+338
+00:27:13,590 --> 00:27:15,150
+it is always moving.
+
+339
+00:27:17,870 --> 00:27:20,670
+Unattainable. Sometimes you cannot attain, you
+
+340
+00:27:20,670 --> 00:27:24,990
+cannot touch it. What else? It's impossible to
+
+341
+00:27:24,990 --> 00:27:31,830
+touch. What else? Strong. Yeah, sometimes strong.
+
+342
+00:27:35,640 --> 00:27:40,280
+And all to the westward, like for Chile,
+
+343
+00:27:41,060 --> 00:27:44,160
+all to the westward, the westward was a power of
+
+344
+00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:47,920
+destruction. And it was a power of creativity. So
+
+345
+00:27:47,920 --> 00:27:55,400
+the wind is a little bit dangerous. It has
+
+346
+00:27:55,400 --> 00:27:59,420
+sweeping effects. So all these, I think most of
+
+347
+00:27:59,420 --> 00:28:03,260
+the connotations here are a little bit negative.
+
+348
+00:28:05,170 --> 00:28:10,830
+Okay, good. So I think here we have to understand
+
+349
+00:28:10,830 --> 00:28:14,630
+like, you know, how impossible the hunt is, how
+
+350
+00:28:14,630 --> 00:28:17,470
+frustrating it is. Because if you are trying,
+
+351
+00:28:17,890 --> 00:28:22,100
+imagine like this image. Somebody's trying like to
+
+352
+00:28:22,100 --> 00:28:26,660
+do what? To catch the wind in a net. So, what kind
+
+353
+00:28:26,660 --> 00:28:30,200
+of frustration, you know, would result? Like it
+
+354
+00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:33,880
+was like a frustration after frustration. So, I
+
+355
+00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:37,260
+think frustration, disappointment are key words,
+
+356
+00:28:37,740 --> 00:28:42,620
+you know, here in the experience of the poet. Was
+
+357
+00:28:42,620 --> 00:28:47,450
+lost among I know I put him out of doubt. Again,
+
+358
+00:28:47,650 --> 00:28:52,250
+we didn't talk about out, doubt, oh. All these
+
+359
+00:28:52,250 --> 00:28:58,010
+vowels have to do with his complaint. We said last
+
+360
+00:28:58,010 --> 00:29:02,010
+time, this is account of courtly love. And in the
+
+361
+00:29:02,010 --> 00:29:07,570
+courtly love, the poet either sings, celebrates
+
+362
+00:29:07,570 --> 00:29:12,730
+the traits of his beloved, or he complains because
+
+363
+00:29:12,730 --> 00:29:17,810
+his favor or his love is rejected. is turned down,
+
+364
+00:29:18,030 --> 00:29:25,910
+okay? As well as May spent his time in vain and
+
+365
+00:29:25,910 --> 00:29:31,310
+graven with diamonds in Luthor's plate. Now,
+
+366
+00:29:31,570 --> 00:29:36,370
+graven, like carved in diamonds. I think the word
+
+367
+00:29:36,370 --> 00:29:41,220
+diamonds here is significant. It's a metonymy. You
+
+368
+00:29:41,220 --> 00:29:43,920
+know, metonymy, you mention something to mean
+
+369
+00:29:43,920 --> 00:29:46,500
+something else. We didn't talk about the word
+
+370
+00:29:46,500 --> 00:29:50,640
+metonymy. Metonymy, it is like, in Arabic, we call
+
+371
+00:29:50,640 --> 00:29:54,480
+it kinaya, metonymy. I have, you know, if you have
+
+372
+00:29:54,480 --> 00:30:02,660
+a problem, me-to-no-me. Metonymy, sorry, is the
+
+373
+00:30:02,660 --> 00:30:02,940
+spelling.
+
+374
+00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:12,680
+Yes.
+
+375
+00:30:16,920 --> 00:30:23,100
+Metonymy, it is this kind of use something to mean
+
+376
+00:30:23,100 --> 00:30:26,240
+something else. For example, I say, last night
+
+377
+00:30:26,240 --> 00:30:31,340
+Gaza celebrated or rejoiced. I don't mean Gaza,
+
+378
+00:30:31,700 --> 00:30:34,400
+like the city and the walls, but I mean the
+
+379
+00:30:34,400 --> 00:30:38,400
+inhabitant. But again, the word diamond written,
+
+380
+00:30:39,620 --> 00:30:44,180
+it is a metonymy of what? It is a metonymy of
+
+381
+00:30:44,180 --> 00:30:47,120
+beauty,
+
+382
+00:30:48,120 --> 00:30:57,440
+richness, wealth, power. And if we go back,
+
+383
+00:30:57,600 --> 00:31:04,420
+because in the 16th century, the social structure
+
+384
+00:31:04,420 --> 00:31:09,900
+of the 16th century was governed by this
+
+385
+00:31:09,900 --> 00:31:14,050
+hierarchy, the high class. And, you know, there
+
+386
+00:31:14,050 --> 00:31:18,370
+was no middle class. So, again, class division is
+
+387
+00:31:18,370 --> 00:31:21,090
+in the background. This metonymy shows the
+
+388
+00:31:21,090 --> 00:31:23,410
+disparity. The disparity. You know what's been
+
+389
+00:31:23,410 --> 00:31:28,550
+disparity? In the social level between, like, the
+
+390
+00:31:28,550 --> 00:31:32,570
+poet and the lady. Because in cordial love, the
+
+391
+00:31:32,570 --> 00:31:36,290
+poet should be, you know, from a lower class. And
+
+392
+00:31:36,290 --> 00:31:39,570
+the lady is from a higher class. You know, the
+
+393
+00:31:39,570 --> 00:31:42,560
+poet should be abject. You know what's mean?
+
+394
+00:31:42,620 --> 00:31:47,800
+Abject. Very mean, very poor, very impoverished.
+
+395
+00:31:47,900 --> 00:31:52,700
+He should complain and complain. Good. Okay. Let's
+
+396
+00:31:52,700 --> 00:31:54,840
+go back to the poem. And the gray man with
+
+397
+00:31:54,840 --> 00:31:59,180
+diamonds in letter plain, there is written her
+
+398
+00:31:59,180 --> 00:32:04,740
+fair neck round about. I don't know, like, again,
+
+399
+00:32:04,840 --> 00:32:08,140
+this is like reference to her beauty, you know,
+
+400
+00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:12,550
+fair neck. But I don't know, round about. What is
+
+401
+00:32:12,550 --> 00:32:13,070
+a roundabout?
+
+402
+00:32:24,090 --> 00:32:27,710
+Yeah, it's a warning. It's a statement. Yeah,
+
+403
+00:32:27,830 --> 00:32:32,850
+she's a property. She's a property. Yes, she's a
+
+404
+00:32:32,850 --> 00:32:35,710
+property. I mean, the metonymy shows like this
+
+405
+00:32:35,710 --> 00:32:39,390
+lady is like a property owned by the king, you
+
+406
+00:32:39,390 --> 00:32:39,530
+know.
+
+407
+00:32:42,610 --> 00:32:46,030
+I don't know, like roundabout, if you go to the
+
+408
+00:32:46,030 --> 00:32:48,710
+Gulf, you know, in the Gulf, what they say about,
+
+409
+00:32:49,750 --> 00:32:52,730
+you know, like this is what we call in Arabic al
+
+410
+00:32:52,730 --> 00:32:58,970
+-dowar, they say rondabout, something circular,
+
+411
+00:32:59,130 --> 00:33:03,930
+rondabout, roundabout, you know, so she's like
+
+412
+00:33:03,930 --> 00:33:08,380
+this, roundabout, it means she's not straight. She
+
+413
+00:33:08,380 --> 00:33:12,440
+is, you know, like changeable. She's going in this
+
+414
+00:33:12,440 --> 00:33:16,120
+movement, which is very, you know, which makes you
+
+415
+00:33:16,120 --> 00:33:19,080
+dizzy, you know. So if you run after her, like,
+
+416
+00:33:19,340 --> 00:33:23,280
+you will be dizzy. So it's very significant pun
+
+417
+00:33:23,280 --> 00:33:29,040
+here. And then, like the statement, no li, no li
+
+418
+00:33:29,040 --> 00:33:37,570
+mi tanjer for Caesarea. Again, this is Latin. The
+
+419
+00:33:37,570 --> 00:33:47,550
+poets of that century used Latin language to add
+
+420
+00:33:47,550 --> 00:33:51,210
+more sophisticated.
+
+421
+00:33:51,790 --> 00:33:55,650
+This makes their style more sophisticated. No
+
+422
+00:33:55,650 --> 00:33:59,870
+limiter for Caesar, I am. I'm property.
+
+423
+00:34:02,620 --> 00:34:06,540
+This is like very, you know, it is complete
+
+424
+00:34:06,540 --> 00:34:10,520
+underestimation. But this is what was written
+
+425
+00:34:10,520 --> 00:34:14,500
+because, you know, we know that Anne Boleyn, you
+
+426
+00:34:14,500 --> 00:34:19,000
+know, was supposed to be like the next queen. And
+
+427
+00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:24,160
+the last line, it has what? Paradox. Paradox. And
+
+428
+00:34:24,160 --> 00:34:29,580
+why, for to hold, though I seem tame. So this
+
+429
+00:34:29,580 --> 00:34:37,240
+paradox conveys with itself The doubleness of this
+
+430
+00:34:37,240 --> 00:34:43,920
+lady ostensibly means seemingly she is tame,
+
+431
+00:34:44,680 --> 00:34:51,040
+naive, like I seem tame, but in fact she is wild.
+
+432
+00:34:51,330 --> 00:34:54,430
+She is not attainable. And I think, you know,
+
+433
+00:34:54,910 --> 00:34:59,950
+this, you know, here, the last line sums up the
+
+434
+00:34:59,950 --> 00:35:04,290
+whole sonnet by, you know, stressing a possible
+
+435
+00:35:04,290 --> 00:35:07,650
+theme, which is the seeming and reality. She seems
+
+436
+00:35:07,650 --> 00:35:14,190
+to be tame, but in fact, she's not. Okay. So far,
+
+437
+00:35:14,290 --> 00:35:17,100
+these are you know, some of the aesthetic
+
+438
+00:35:17,100 --> 00:35:19,080
+elements. I wouldn't say all of them because we
+
+439
+00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:21,640
+are still at the beginning of the course, and I
+
+440
+00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:24,600
+don't want to spend the whole time just like
+
+441
+00:35:24,600 --> 00:35:29,680
+talking about the aesthetics in one hour. Last
+
+442
+00:35:29,680 --> 00:35:34,100
+time, if you remember, we talked about the form,
+
+443
+00:35:34,220 --> 00:35:37,660
+and we said this is a Petrarchan sonnet. And the
+
+444
+00:35:37,660 --> 00:35:41,410
+Petrarchan sonnet has a rhyme scheme You know, I
+
+445
+00:35:41,410 --> 00:35:43,990
+don't know like it was clear for you or not, but
+
+446
+00:35:43,990 --> 00:35:47,590
+the rhyme scheme as you see here, it is, you know,
+
+447
+00:35:48,190 --> 00:35:58,130
+A, let me just, A, B, B, A, A, B, B, A, and then
+
+448
+00:35:58,130 --> 00:36:08,290
+we have a new one, C, D, D, C, and E, E. Now, this
+
+449
+00:36:08,290 --> 00:36:11,200
+is the rhyme scheme of this song. this is the
+
+450
+00:36:11,200 --> 00:36:15,440
+rhyme scheme of this solid. Now, originally, the
+
+451
+00:36:15,440 --> 00:36:18,900
+rhyme scheme of the Petrarchan solid does not have
+
+452
+00:36:18,900 --> 00:36:25,840
+this EE. So, it was supposed to be CDD and then
+
+453
+00:36:25,840 --> 00:36:31,740
+CBD. But here, like, there is a shift. Like, this
+
+454
+00:36:31,740 --> 00:36:35,920
+is a shift. Now, we have, yes, we have two parts,
+
+455
+00:36:36,480 --> 00:36:39,800
+but he's trying to say this is a coupling. And I
+
+456
+00:36:39,800 --> 00:36:43,260
+think You know, when you have two lines rhyming
+
+457
+00:36:43,260 --> 00:36:48,180
+the same, we call it couplet. And I think the
+
+458
+00:36:48,180 --> 00:36:51,680
+couplet with Shakespeare, the couplet will acquire
+
+459
+00:36:51,680 --> 00:36:55,260
+more importance because it's going to be like a
+
+460
+00:36:55,260 --> 00:36:59,160
+most, like the most important part in the sonnet.
+
+461
+00:37:00,260 --> 00:37:04,520
+Okay. Now, like why are we like looking? I want
+
+462
+00:37:04,520 --> 00:37:06,880
+when you discuss the sonnet to mention in the
+
+463
+00:37:06,880 --> 00:37:10,290
+octave what is happening. In the octave, the poet
+
+464
+00:37:10,290 --> 00:37:13,190
+is trying, for example, to exonerate himself. You
+
+465
+00:37:13,190 --> 00:37:16,510
+notice with exonerate, to remove all the blame.
+
+466
+00:37:17,250 --> 00:37:20,650
+Like to exonerate or vindicate yourself, like you
+
+467
+00:37:20,650 --> 00:37:23,610
+remove the blame. And like here, he wants to
+
+468
+00:37:23,610 --> 00:37:29,330
+exonerate himself. Or in the, you know, in the,
+
+469
+00:37:29,450 --> 00:37:34,230
+you know, like, The octave, he lists the reasons
+
+470
+00:37:34,230 --> 00:37:38,910
+why he gave up, and N, the system, like he gave
+
+471
+00:37:38,910 --> 00:37:41,630
+his resolution, like why he should not be
+
+472
+00:37:41,630 --> 00:37:48,630
+interested in Nihon anymore. Now, this is for
+
+473
+00:37:48,630 --> 00:37:50,710
+today, but I'm not sure whether you have any
+
+474
+00:37:50,710 --> 00:37:54,930
+question before I assign you something else for
+
+475
+00:37:54,930 --> 00:37:57,210
+next time. Yes, please.
+
+476
+00:38:02,650 --> 00:38:06,810
+Okay, I told you like, you know, during that time
+
+477
+00:38:06,810 --> 00:38:09,910
+it was part of the culture to show that you are
+
+478
+00:38:09,910 --> 00:38:12,590
+erudite. You know what's mean erudite? Educated.
+
+479
+00:38:13,410 --> 00:38:18,630
+So erudite. You have to show some erudition. You
+
+480
+00:38:18,630 --> 00:38:22,610
+have to show that you are a courtier who is well
+
+481
+00:38:22,610 --> 00:38:26,150
+-versed in languages, you know, in English, in
+
+482
+00:38:26,150 --> 00:38:28,250
+Latin, you know, French and so on.
+
+483
+00:38:31,090 --> 00:38:35,170
+It was part of the culture during that time to use
+
+484
+00:38:35,170 --> 00:38:39,910
+some languages. Even when they were writing
+
+485
+00:38:39,910 --> 00:38:42,910
+letters, sometimes the introduction was in French.
+
+486
+00:38:43,430 --> 00:38:46,950
+The conclusion was in French, but the body was in
+
+487
+00:38:46,950 --> 00:38:52,450
+English. Good. Do you have any question? Okay. I
+
+488
+00:38:52,450 --> 00:38:58,480
+think the poem is becoming easier now. Okay? And I
+
+489
+00:38:58,480 --> 00:39:02,180
+think I trust you because I see that most of you
+
+490
+00:39:02,180 --> 00:39:05,460
+are brilliant. I trust next time you will have the
+
+491
+00:39:05,460 --> 00:39:08,880
+ability to connect between, you know, the
+
+492
+00:39:08,880 --> 00:39:12,300
+specialized language and the public. But for this
+
+493
+00:39:12,300 --> 00:39:17,980
+purpose, I need you to prepare like part one of
+
+494
+00:39:17,980 --> 00:39:21,830
+the critical plan. Part one of the critical plan,
+
+495
+00:39:21,950 --> 00:39:24,690
+what kind of questions, because what I need, I
+
+496
+00:39:24,690 --> 00:39:27,890
+need to give you some training how to start
+
+497
+00:39:27,890 --> 00:39:30,910
+writing about the theme of the poem, how to
+
+498
+00:39:30,910 --> 00:39:35,490
+elaborate, and how to set a plan for a critical
+
+499
+00:39:35,490 --> 00:39:38,790
+account of any poem, not this poem. But this poem
+
+500
+00:39:38,790 --> 00:39:42,910
+could be given as an example. Thank you for
+
+501
+00:39:42,910 --> 00:39:45,790
+listening to me. I hope you enjoyed today's class.
+
+502
+00:39:46,130 --> 00:39:47,750
+I'll see you in other classes. Yes?
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZZ8ASUiLEKVKvwcEdfmB_y/0nQJFpmjuWI_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1232 @@
+1
+00:00:04,890 --> 00:00:08,850
+الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف
+
+2
+00:00:08,850 --> 00:00:14,270
+الخلق وسيد المرسلين سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه
+
+3
+00:00:14,270 --> 00:00:19,070
+أجمعين اللهم لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت
+
+4
+00:00:19,070 --> 00:00:23,890
+العليم الحكيم اللهم علمنا ما ينفعنا وانفعنا بما
+
+5
+00:00:23,890 --> 00:00:29,150
+علمتنا وزدنا علمة آمين يا رب العالمين أما بعد
+
+6
+00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:37,900
+المثاق اللذي بين أيدينا هو حاضر العالم الإسلامي
+
+7
+00:00:37,900 --> 00:00:44,680
+ماذا تعني كلمة حاضر العالم الإسلامي حاضر أي واقع
+
+8
+00:00:44,680 --> 00:00:50,880
+العالم الإسلامي سنقوم من خلال هذه المادة بالتعرف
+
+9
+00:00:50,880 --> 00:00:58,450
+علىواقع العالم الإسلامي بدءا من الحديث عن المجتمع
+
+10
+00:00:58,450 --> 00:01:04,190
+الإسلامي ثم ننتقل إلى الحديث عن العالم الإسلامي
+
+11
+00:01:04,190 --> 00:01:09,570
+ومشكلات العالم الإسلامي سنقوم في هذه المحاضرة
+
+12
+00:01:09,570 --> 00:01:15,880
+الأولى بالتعريف بمفردات هذه المادة وهذا المساقوقبل
+
+13
+00:01:15,880 --> 00:01:21,620
+أن نبدأ بتعريف التعرف على المفردات لهذا المساق
+
+14
+00:01:21,620 --> 00:01:27,000
+لابد من التنويه أن المطلوب في هذا المساق هو كتاب
+
+15
+00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:35,120
+واقع العالم الإسلامينسخة أو طبعة 2020 هذه هي
+
+16
+00:01:35,120 --> 00:01:43,000
+النسخة المعتمدة في الدراسة وغيرها لا يغني في نسخات
+
+17
+00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:47,860
+وطبعات قديمة 2019 وما قبل احنا المعتمد في هذه
+
+18
+00:01:47,860 --> 00:01:52,460
+الدراسة وفي هذا الفصل والفصول القادمة ان شاء الله
+
+19
+00:01:52,460 --> 00:01:58,560
+هي النسخة الأخيرة والطبعة الأخيرةالـ 2020 المعدلة
+
+20
+00:01:58,560 --> 00:02:04,810
+والمنقحة والمزيدةونبدأ الآن بالتعرف على هذه المادة
+
+21
+00:02:04,810 --> 00:02:09,130
+وهذا المساق كما قلنا نبدأ بتعريف المجتمع الإسلامي
+
+22
+00:02:09,130 --> 00:02:14,990
+وخصائص المجتمع الإسلامي وهي 6 خصائص سنتعرف إلى كل
+
+23
+00:02:14,990 --> 00:02:20,950
+هذه الخصائص بالتفصيل في المحاضرة الأولى ثم بعد ذلك
+
+24
+00:02:20,950 --> 00:02:26,410
+ننتقل إلى الحديث عن واقع العالم الإسلامي من حيث
+
+25
+00:02:26,410 --> 00:02:31,610
+واقعه الجغرافيأين يقع العالم الإسلامي بالنسبة
+
+26
+00:02:31,610 --> 00:02:37,610
+لقارات العالم؟وما هي المواقع الهامة التي يقع عليها
+
+27
+00:02:37,610 --> 00:02:43,030
+هذا العالم الإسلامي ثم الحديث عن الواقع الاقتصادي
+
+28
+00:02:43,030 --> 00:02:48,530
+للعالم الإسلامي من حيث الموارد الطبيعية التي يتمتع
+
+29
+00:02:48,530 --> 00:02:52,750
+بها هذا العالم الإسلامي ثم ننتقل إلى الحديث عن
+
+30
+00:02:52,750 --> 00:02:57,410
+الواقع السياسي للعالم الإسلامي اليوم أين يقف
+
+31
+00:02:57,410 --> 00:03:04,640
+العالم الإسلامي بالنسبة لدول العالم الأخرىوسنركز
+
+32
+00:03:04,640 --> 00:03:10,660
+الحديث في الواقع السياسي للعالم الإسلامي عن حدث
+
+33
+00:03:10,660 --> 00:03:18,520
+كبير وعظيم وقع للعالم الإسلامي أدى إلىالواقع الذي
+
+34
+00:03:18,520 --> 00:03:22,300
+يشهده ويحياه العالم الإسلامي اليوم هذا الحدث
+
+35
+00:03:22,300 --> 00:03:28,380
+الكبير هو إسقاط الخلافة الإسلامية وبالتالي غيبة
+
+36
+00:03:28,380 --> 00:03:32,920
+الخلافة الإسلامية كان لها آثار كبيرة في الواقع
+
+37
+00:03:32,920 --> 00:03:38,700
+السياسي للعالم الإسلامي سنتعرفمن خلال الحديث عن
+
+38
+00:03:38,700 --> 00:03:43,960
+العالم الإسلامي على أهم عناصر القوة والضعف في
+
+39
+00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:47,760
+العالم الإسلامي ما هي عناصر القوة التي يتمتع بها
+
+40
+00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:52,140
+العالم الإسلامي وما هي عناصر الضعف التي عليها
+
+41
+00:03:52,140 --> 00:03:57,120
+اليوم العالم الإس��امي لنتجاوز هذه العوامل، عوامل
+
+42
+00:03:57,120 --> 00:04:04,520
+الضعف ونرسخ عوامل القوة التي هي عوامل وحدة العالم
+
+43
+00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:07,870
+الإسلامي أيضاما هي عوامل وحدة العالم الإسلامي
+
+44
+00:04:07,870 --> 00:04:16,810
+اليوم هناك عوامل كثيرة يمكن أن يجتمع ويتوحد عليها
+
+45
+00:04:16,810 --> 00:04:25,410
+العالم الإسلامي أكثر مما يفرقه ونحن نتعرف على واقع
+
+46
+00:04:25,410 --> 00:04:32,240
+وحاضر العالم الإسلامي لابد من الحديث عنفئة أو
+
+47
+00:04:32,240 --> 00:04:39,540
+جماعة من المسلمين تعيش ضمن العالم الآخر أو العالم
+
+48
+00:04:39,540 --> 00:04:43,720
+غير الإسلامي في دول غير إسلامية هذه الفئة و هذه
+
+49
+00:04:43,720 --> 00:04:48,240
+الجماعة و هذا الصنف يطلق عليه اسم الأقليات
+
+50
+00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:52,660
+الإسلامية أو الأقليات المسلمة نتعرف على أيضا ..
+
+51
+00:04:52,660 --> 00:04:57,010
+يعني من خلال هذا الانوان و هذا الموضوععلى المراد
+
+52
+00:04:57,010 --> 00:05:01,510
+بالأقليات المسلمة و أين تعيش هذه الأقليات المسلمة
+
+53
+00:05:01,510 --> 00:05:06,610
+والدول التي تعيش فيها هذه الأقليات والتحديات التي
+
+54
+00:05:06,610 --> 00:05:10,570
+تواجهها هذه الأقليات المسلمة في العالم غير
+
+55
+00:05:10,570 --> 00:05:16,880
+الإسلامي وسنركز الحديث عن على بعضهذه الأقليات
+
+56
+00:05:16,880 --> 00:05:23,820
+فنتحدث عن اضطهاد مسلمي الروهينجا في ميانامار التي
+
+57
+00:05:23,820 --> 00:05:29,520
+تتبع لدولة بورما اليوم وأيضا سنتعرف على أهم مشكلات
+
+58
+00:05:29,520 --> 00:05:35,020
+الأقليات المسلمة في شرقي أوروبا واحنا ناخد نماذج
+
+59
+00:05:35,020 --> 00:05:39,060
+من هذه الأقليات الأقليات المسلمة في بولغاريا
+
+60
+00:05:39,060 --> 00:05:43,360
+والأقليات المسلمة في رومانيا وفي روسيا وفي دول
+
+61
+00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:48,150
+القوقازيثم ايضا نتعرف من خلال موضوع الأقليات
+
+62
+00:05:48,150 --> 00:05:52,470
+المسلمة على مشكلة المسلمين في إقليم جامو وكشمير
+
+63
+00:05:52,470 --> 00:05:59,850
+هذا الإقليم المتنازع عليه بين الهند وباكستان ثم
+
+64
+00:05:59,850 --> 00:06:04,890
+أيضا نموذج اخر من نماذج الأقليات الإسلامية أو
+
+65
+00:06:04,890 --> 00:06:11,950
+المسلمة مسلموا الفلبيين وما يتعرضون له من اضطهاد
+
+66
+00:06:13,120 --> 00:06:19,400
+وفي النهاية نلخص أهم المشكلات التي يتعرض لها أو
+
+67
+00:06:19,400 --> 00:06:24,520
+تتعرض لها الأقليات الإسلامية وتعاني منها أحد من
+
+68
+00:06:24,520 --> 00:06:28,340
+الموضوعات التي نتعرف عليها من خلال هذه المادة وهذا
+
+69
+00:06:28,340 --> 00:06:35,230
+المساقهناك ما يُعرف بالصهيونية المسيحية الصهيونية
+
+70
+00:06:35,230 --> 00:06:40,630
+المسيحية عبارة عن تحالف ما بين الصهيونية اليهودية
+
+71
+00:06:40,630 --> 00:06:45,170
+في الأصل الصهيونية اليهودية وبين الصهيونية
+
+72
+00:06:45,170 --> 00:06:52,030
+المسيحية هناك مسيحيون أو نصارى همأو يحملون فكر
+
+73
+00:06:52,030 --> 00:06:57,730
+الصهيونية ويدافعون عن هذا الفكر ويتحلفون مع
+
+74
+00:06:57,730 --> 00:07:08,110
+الصهاينة اليهود هذه الفكرة أو هذا المبق
+
+75
+00:07:08,110 --> 00:07:14,570
+يُعرف ويطلق عليه باسم الصهيونية المسيحيةفنتعرف على
+
+76
+00:07:14,570 --> 00:07:18,530
+معنى الصهيونية المسيحية ومن هم أهم رموز الصهاين
+
+77
+00:07:18,530 --> 00:07:24,750
+المسيحيين وأهم المرتكزات والمعتقدات للصهيونية
+
+78
+00:07:24,750 --> 00:07:30,330
+المسيحية وكيف تعمل جاهدة من أجل تحقيق مصالح اليهود
+
+79
+00:07:30,330 --> 00:07:41,000
+هناك تحديات كبيرة يمر بها العالم الإسلامي اليوممن
+
+80
+00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:46,000
+هذه التحديات ما يُعرف بظاهرة الغلو والتطرف الديني
+
+81
+00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:52,100
+هذا تحدي داخلي ربما ما تحدثنا عنه سابقا من أحوال
+
+82
+00:07:52,100 --> 00:07:56,820
+الأقليات الإسلامية أو المسلمة في العالم غير
+
+83
+00:07:56,820 --> 00:08:00,820
+الإسلام هذا تحديات خارجية لكن هناك تحديات تواجه
+
+84
+00:08:00,820 --> 00:08:05,720
+المسلمين من داخلهم من أنفسهم وربما هذا التحدي أخطر
+
+85
+00:08:05,720 --> 00:08:13,520
+من التحديات الأخرىالغلو الذي سنتحدث عنه هو في
+
+86
+00:08:13,520 --> 00:08:21,180
+الأصل نوعان غلو اعتقادي و غلو عملي الغلو الاعتقادي
+
+87
+00:08:21,180 --> 00:08:26,440
+و هو الأخطر سنتعرف على معناه و أمثلة و نماذج للغلو
+
+88
+00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:31,660
+الاعتقادي منه ما يكون في الأسماء و الأحكام و منه
+
+89
+00:08:31,660 --> 00:08:37,390
+ما يكون في الأشخاص ثم نتعرف على الغلو العمليثم
+
+90
+00:08:37,390 --> 00:08:43,190
+نتعرف على آثار الغلوب والتطرف والأسباب التي تؤدي
+
+91
+00:08:43,190 --> 00:08:50,410
+إلى الغلوب ثم نتناولمظاهر الغلو والتطرف عند ما
+
+92
+00:08:50,410 --> 00:08:55,390
+يسمى أو يعرف بخوارج اليوم وهم أهل التكفير الذين
+
+93
+00:08:55,390 --> 00:09:03,410
+يكفرون المسلمين بأقل شبهة وأقل تهمة هم نسخة جديدة
+
+94
+00:09:03,410 --> 00:09:09,430
+لخوارج الأمس فسنتعرف على أهم مظاهر الغلو والتطرف
+
+95
+00:09:09,430 --> 00:09:14,290
+عند هؤلاء وفي نهاية الحديث عن الغلو نتكلم عن ملامح
+
+96
+00:09:14,290 --> 00:09:21,000
+الغلوأيضا مما يواجه المسلمين اليوم من تحديات اتهام
+
+97
+00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:26,940
+الإسلام والمسلمين بالارهاب وهذه تهمة أصبعت نسيقة
+
+98
+00:09:26,940 --> 00:09:34,100
+بالإسلام وبالمسلمين نريد أن نعرف حقيقة هذه التهمة
+
+99
+00:09:34,100 --> 00:09:39,120
+الموجهة إلى المسلمين من خلال أولا تعريف الارهاب
+
+100
+00:09:39,920 --> 00:09:45,340
+لنعرف معنى الإرهاب حقيقة هناك إرهاب وقد ورد في
+
+101
+00:09:45,340 --> 00:09:51,680
+القرآن الكريم وفي السنة فهل الإسلام يتصف بالإرهاب
+
+102
+00:09:51,680 --> 00:09:56,260
+كما يصفونه وأي إرهاب هذا هناك أنواع للإرهاب هناك
+
+103
+00:09:56,260 --> 00:09:59,740
+الإرهاب المحمود الممدوح الذي ورد في القرآن وهو
+
+104
+00:09:59,740 --> 00:10:04,460
+مطلوب من المسلمين لإرهاب أعداء لا ترهبون به عدو
+
+105
+00:10:04,460 --> 00:10:10,120
+الله وعدوكموهناك إرهاب مظموم نحن كمسلمين نرفضه
+
+106
+00:10:10,120 --> 00:10:15,840
+سنتكلم عن هذه القضية بالتفصيل عند الحديث عن الفرق
+
+107
+00:10:15,840 --> 00:10:21,160
+بين الإرهاب المحمود والإرهاب المظموم من خلال
+
+108
+00:10:21,160 --> 00:10:25,260
+التعرف على أنواع الإرهاب في القرآن الكريم والسنة
+
+109
+00:10:25,260 --> 00:10:35,970
+النبوية وأيضا مما يتم فيه الخلطيتم الخلق بين
+
+110
+00:10:35,970 --> 00:10:41,950
+الإرهاب والجهاد والمقاومة فأعداء الإسلام من الشرق
+
+111
+00:10:41,950 --> 00:10:49,010
+والغرب واليهود كذلك يتهمون من يدافع عن قضيته وشعبه
+
+112
+00:10:49,010 --> 00:10:54,810
+ووطنه بالإرهاب فهل الذي يدافع ويقاوم ويجاهد من أجل
+
+113
+00:10:54,810 --> 00:11:01,080
+تحقيقمن أجل دحر الاحتلال ومقاومة الاحتلال اللي
+
+114
+00:11:01,080 --> 00:11:05,320
+يسمى بالارهابي سنتعرف على الفرق بين الارهاب
+
+115
+00:11:05,320 --> 00:11:13,240
+والجهاد والمقاومة المشروعة وفي النهاية سيتضح
+
+116
+00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:17,940
+لنا من هو الارهابي الحقيقي من هو الارهابي الحقيقي
+
+117
+00:11:17,940 --> 00:11:23,860
+الارهابي الحقيقي همأعداء الإسلام والمسلمين اليوم
+
+118
+00:11:23,860 --> 00:11:30,520
+من يهود وصهاينة وامريكان ظلمة يدعمونهم في احتلالهم
+
+119
+00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:36,670
+لأرض فلسطينو من القضايا المهمة في هذه المادة و هذا
+
+120
+00:11:36,670 --> 00:11:43,930
+المساق الغزو الفكري الذي غزى بلاد المسلمين بعد فشل
+
+121
+00:11:43,930 --> 00:11:50,410
+الحروب الصليبية المتتالية على بلاد المسلمين بعد أن
+
+122
+00:11:50,410 --> 00:11:55,690
+فشل ا��صليبيون النصارى في احتلال بلاد المسلمين
+
+123
+00:11:55,690 --> 00:12:03,980
+عسكرياوعودتهم ورجعتهم إلى بلادهم فكروا كيف يسيطرون
+
+124
+00:12:03,980 --> 00:12:10,000
+على المسلمين بطريقة أخرى مختلفة عن الغزو العسكري
+
+125
+00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:20,250
+فكان البديل لاحتلال بلاد المسلمين عسكريا هوغزوهم
+
+126
+00:12:20,250 --> 00:12:26,690
+فكريا وعقليا وقلبيا من خلال ما يُعرف بالغزو الفكري
+
+127
+00:12:26,690 --> 00:12:31,630
+سنتعرف على معنى الغزو الفكري والفرق بينه وبين
+
+128
+00:12:31,630 --> 00:12:35,130
+الغزو العسكري ما الفرق بين الغزو الفكري والغزو
+
+129
+00:12:35,130 --> 00:12:41,790
+العسكري ثم نتعرف على أهداف الغزو الفكري وأتباع
+
+130
+00:12:41,790 --> 00:12:48,580
+وأنصار الغزو الفكري والوسائل التي اتخذهاأصحاب
+
+131
+00:12:48,580 --> 00:12:53,300
+الغزو الفكري لغزو بلاد المسلمين وهي وسائل خطيرة
+
+132
+00:12:53,300 --> 00:12:58,960
+سيكون التركيز الأكبر في الحديث في هذه المادة عليها
+
+133
+00:12:59,670 --> 00:13:03,790
+وهي وسائل ثلاثة أساسية الوسيلة الأولى التنصير
+
+134
+00:13:03,790 --> 00:13:08,610
+والوسيلة الثانية الاستشراق والوسيلة الثالثة
+
+135
+00:13:08,610 --> 00:13:15,170
+التغريب وسنتكلم بالتفصيل عن كل وسيلة من هذه
+
+136
+00:13:15,170 --> 00:13:20,450
+الوسائل الثلاث لنتعرف على خطورة هذه الوسيلة من
+
+137
+00:13:20,450 --> 00:13:25,950
+وسائل الغزو الفكر سنبدأ بالحديث عن التنصير ونتعرف
+
+138
+00:13:25,950 --> 00:13:31,750
+على معنى التنصير لغة واصطلاحاوأهداف التنصير ووسائل
+
+139
+00:13:31,750 --> 00:13:37,210
+التنصير ثم الحديث عن الاستشراق ثاني وسائل الغزو
+
+140
+00:13:37,210 --> 00:13:43,270
+الفكري ونتكلم عن معنى الاستشراق من حيث المصطلح من
+
+141
+00:13:43,270 --> 00:13:47,630
+او ما المقصود بالاستشراق ومن هم المستشرقون
+
+142
+00:13:47,630 --> 00:13:54,580
+ودوافعهم واهدافهم وهي عديدةمع أن الأصل في
+
+143
+00:13:54,580 --> 00:14:00,140
+المستشرقين أنهم علماء وباحثون ومفكرون فالمفترض
+
+144
+00:14:00,140 --> 00:14:06,420
+والأصل أن تكون أهدافهم ودوافعهم دوافع علمية لكن
+
+145
+00:14:06,420 --> 00:14:11,840
+نرى أن الدافع العلمي هو آخر هذه الدوافع وأن دوافع
+
+146
+00:14:11,840 --> 00:14:18,130
+أخرى فيمقدمة دوافع وأهداف المستشرقين مثل الدافع
+
+147
+00:14:18,130 --> 00:14:22,970
+الديني والاستعماري والسياسي والاقتصادي لهم أهداف
+
+148
+00:14:22,970 --> 00:14:29,650
+كثيرة وآخر هذه الأهداف هو الدافع العلمي ومن خلال
+
+149
+00:14:29,650 --> 00:14:35,810
+هذا الدافع العلمي سنتعرف على بعض المستشرقين الذين
+
+150
+00:14:35,810 --> 00:14:42,910
+أسلموا حينما كان الدافعمن وراء دراساتهم وأبحاثهم
+
+151
+00:14:42,910 --> 00:14:47,830
+والتعرف على الإسلام وأسلم بعض هؤلاء المستشرقين
+
+152
+00:14:47,830 --> 00:14:53,030
+حينما تعرفوا على حقيقة الإسلام لكن أكثر المستشرقين
+
+153
+00:14:53,030 --> 00:14:59,570
+ومعظمهم كان دوافعهم دوافع أخرى وهي الدوافع التي
+
+154
+00:14:59,570 --> 00:15:03,850
+ذكرناها الدينية والاستعمارية والسياسية والاقتصادية
+
+155
+00:15:03,850 --> 00:15:10,090
+وقلة قليلة منهم كان دافعهم دافعا علمياثم نتعرف على
+
+156
+00:15:10,090 --> 00:15:15,530
+وسائل الاستشراق و هي وسائل عديدة و كثيرة و نتعرف
+
+157
+00:15:15,530 --> 00:15:21,730
+على تلاميذ المستشريقين من المسلمين المنتسبين الى
+
+158
+00:15:21,730 --> 00:15:29,370
+الإسلام و تربوافي جامعات وكليات المستشرقين ودرسوا
+
+159
+00:15:29,370 --> 00:15:36,230
+على أيديهم ورجعوا إلى بلدانهم معاولة هدم للإسلام
+
+160
+00:15:36,230 --> 00:15:42,730
+من داخله سنتعرف على بعض هؤلاء التلاميذوبعد ذلك
+
+161
+00:15:42,730 --> 00:15:48,810
+سنتعرف على الصلة بين الاستعمار والاستشراق والتنصير
+
+162
+00:15:48,810 --> 00:15:55,310
+ان المست��رقين والمنصرين لهم علاقات وطيدة مع
+
+163
+00:15:55,310 --> 00:16:01,150
+الاستعمار الاستعمار يغذيهم ويدعمهم لتحقيق مصالحهم
+
+164
+00:16:03,090 --> 00:16:08,170
+ثم آخر هذه الوسائل أو الوسيلة الثالثة من وسائل
+
+165
+00:16:08,170 --> 00:16:13,210
+الغزو الفكري هي وسيلة التغريب سنتعرف على معنى
+
+166
+00:16:13,210 --> 00:16:18,270
+التغريب وهناك خطة لأهل التغريب سنتعرف عليها من
+
+167
+00:16:18,270 --> 00:16:24,220
+خلال معرفة ملامح هذه الخطةو ثم ايضا نتعرف على
+
+168
+00:16:24,220 --> 00:16:27,960
+الأسباب التي أدت إلى تغريب كثير من المسلمين كيف
+
+169
+00:16:27,960 --> 00:16:33,800
+نجح أهل التغريب في تغريب كثير من المسلمين هناك
+
+170
+00:16:33,800 --> 00:16:38,120
+أسباب عديدة و كثيرة أدت إلى نجاحهم في هذا الأمر
+
+171
+00:16:42,530 --> 00:16:47,390
+التغريب نفسه له وسائل كما في التنصير والاستشراق
+
+172
+00:16:47,390 --> 00:16:52,830
+وهي وسائل عديدة وكثيرة وسنقتصر في الحديث عن هذه
+
+173
+00:16:52,830 --> 00:16:58,370
+الوسائل على ثلاث وسائل وهي العلمانية والمرأة
+
+174
+00:16:58,370 --> 00:17:04,410
+والعالمة وسنتعرف على كل وسيلة من هذه الوسيلة ومدى
+
+175
+00:17:04,410 --> 00:17:10,070
+خطورتها نبدأ
+
+176
+00:17:10,070 --> 00:17:16,810
+بالحديث عن العلمانيةوربما الكثير يلفظها بكسر العين
+
+177
+00:17:16,810 --> 00:17:21,910
+العلمانية وأهل اللغة يقولون العلمانية أفصح وأدق
+
+178
+00:17:21,910 --> 00:17:27,570
+إلا أننا من خلال التعرف على حقيقة العلمانية سنعرف
+
+179
+00:17:27,570 --> 00:17:35,760
+أن علمانية بالكسر أو علمانية بالفتحاللفتان ..لفتان
+
+180
+00:17:35,760 --> 00:17:43,640
+غير صحيحتين وغير دقيقتين للمفهوم الأصلي والأساسي
+
+181
+00:17:43,640 --> 00:17:48,640
+للعلمانية عند أهلها وأصحابها الغربيين ونحن حينما
+
+182
+00:17:48,640 --> 00:17:52,740
+ترجمنا هذه الكلمة ترجمناها عامدا وقصداإلى
+
+183
+00:17:52,740 --> 00:17:57,020
+العلمانية أو العلمانية وهي في الأصل عند أهلها
+
+184
+00:17:57,020 --> 00:18:02,660
+وأصحابها اللادينية لا علمانية ولا علمانية هنا ما
+
+185
+00:18:02,660 --> 00:18:06,680
+نريد أن نترجم هذا الاتجاه الموجود عند الغرب وهو
+
+186
+00:18:06,680 --> 00:18:12,170
+فصل الدين عن الحياة وليس عن الدولة فقطفصل الدين عن
+
+187
+00:18:12,170 --> 00:18:16,670
+الحياة لا علاقة له بالعلم لا علمانية ولا علمانية
+
+188
+00:18:16,670 --> 00:18:22,930
+هو اللا دينية أصح و أدق من علمانية أو علمانية
+
+189
+00:18:22,930 --> 00:18:27,490
+سنتعرف على معناها في الاصطلاح و علاقتها بالدين و
+
+190
+00:18:27,490 --> 00:18:33,770
+بالعلم و بالأخلاق و كيف وصلت العلمانية إلى بلاد
+
+191
+00:18:33,770 --> 00:18:42,390
+المسلمين و أسبابتبني المسلمين للعلمانية ونتكلم
+
+192
+00:18:42,390 --> 00:18:46,470
+أيضا عن وسائل علمانة المجتمع التي نجح العلمانيون
+
+193
+00:18:46,470 --> 00:18:51,530
+فيها من خلال علمانة التعليم والإعلام والتشريع
+
+194
+00:18:51,530 --> 00:18:59,900
+وهناك فكر جديد للعلمانيين هو فكر الحداثةسنتعرف
+
+195
+00:18:59,900 --> 00:19:05,040
+أيضًا على معنى الحداثة في الأدب والفكر ومن وسائل
+
+196
+00:19:05,040 --> 00:19:08,320
+أيضًا علمانة المجتمع العلمانة من خلال الدسائس
+
+197
+00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:14,500
+والمكائد الفكرية اللادينية ومن وسائل علمانة
+
+198
+00:19:14,500 --> 00:19:18,560
+المجتمع أيضًا محاربة الجماعات والحركات الإسلامية
+
+199
+00:19:18,560 --> 00:19:23,360
+وتشويه الصحوة الإسلامية آخر شيء للحديث عن
+
+200
+00:19:23,360 --> 00:19:26,780
+العلمانية سنتعرف على آثار العلمانية في العالم
+
+201
+00:19:26,780 --> 00:19:33,040
+الإسلاميوأخيرًا ما هو موقف الإسلام من العلمانية؟
+
+202
+00:19:33,040 --> 00:19:37,860
+هل يقبل الإسلام بهذا الفكر الوافد الذي يعني في
+
+203
+00:19:37,860 --> 00:19:43,840
+أصله وأساسه الل��دينية فصل وعزل الدين عن الحياة
+
+204
+00:19:43,840 --> 00:19:53,120
+كلها؟ من وسائل التغريب أيضًا المرأة
+
+205
+00:19:54,800 --> 00:19:59,580
+وقد استغل أعداء الإسلام المرأة وقضايا المرأة
+
+206
+00:19:59,580 --> 00:20:06,620
+المسلمة لتشويه صورة الإسلام فأثاره حول المرأة
+
+207
+00:20:06,620 --> 00:20:12,220
+قضايا عديدة هي في الأصل قضايا كبيرة وعديدة كما
+
+208
+00:20:12,220 --> 00:20:19,300
+قلنا لكن احنا هنقتصر في دراستنا على قضيتين القضية
+
+209
+00:20:19,300 --> 00:20:25,460
+الأولى ضرورة العملخارج البيت هم يتهمون الإسلام
+
+210
+00:20:25,460 --> 00:20:30,660
+بأنه يمنع المرأة من العمل خارج البيت هذه شبهة
+
+211
+00:20:30,660 --> 00:20:36,200
+وقضية أثارها دعاة تحرير المرأة سنناقش هذه القضية
+
+212
+00:20:36,200 --> 00:20:41,350
+المثارة وسنرده على أصحابهاأيضًا القضية الثانية
+
+213
+00:20:41,350 --> 00:20:45,550
+الإختلاط بين الجنسين في معاهد التعليم هم يريدون
+
+214
+00:20:45,550 --> 00:20:50,030
+هذا الإختلاط ويتهمون الإسلام بأنه يمنع الإختلاط
+
+215
+00:20:50,030 --> 00:20:55,030
+وأن الإختلاط أمر ضروري وحاجة مثل المجتمع فكيف
+
+216
+00:20:55,030 --> 00:20:59,850
+للإسلام أن يمنع هذا الإختلاط هذه القضية المثارة
+
+217
+00:20:59,850 --> 00:21:06,610
+أيضًا سنقوم بالرد على أهلها وأصحابها الوسيلة
+
+218
+00:21:06,610 --> 00:21:13,000
+الثالثة من وسائل التغريب هي العولمةالعولمة وهي
+
+219
+00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:18,840
+الفكر الذي ينتشر اليوم في العالم كله بصورة عامة
+
+220
+00:21:18,840 --> 00:21:24,980
+وأيضا كان له آثار كبيرة في عالمنا الإسلامي سنتعرف
+
+221
+00:21:24,980 --> 00:21:29,060
+على معنى العولمة أصل هذه الكلمة العولمة لغة
+
+222
+00:21:29,060 --> 00:21:34,630
+ومعناها في المصطلح أو المعنى الإصطلاحيثم نقتصر في
+
+223
+00:21:34,630 --> 00:21:40,010
+الحديث عن أهداف العالمة على العالمة الثقافية
+
+224
+00:21:40,010 --> 00:21:47,910
+والدينية هناك طبعا في الكتاب والمطلوب المقرر ادة
+
+225
+00:21:47,910 --> 00:21:51,330
+أهداف هناك الأهداف الاقتصادية والأخلاقية
+
+226
+00:21:51,330 --> 00:21:56,670
+والاجتماعية دي مش مقرر علينا مقرر فيها والمطلوب من
+
+227
+00:21:56,670 --> 00:22:02,250
+هذه الأهداف فقطنوعين من الأهداف الأهداف الثقافية
+
+228
+00:22:02,250 --> 00:22:09,190
+وأثارة والأهداف الدينية وأثار أيضا
+
+229
+00:22:09,190 --> 00:22:13,130
+من خلال هذا المساق وهذه المادة سنتعرف على نموذج
+
+230
+00:22:13,130 --> 00:22:21,810
+ومثال للحركات الهدامة في العالم الإسلامي وهي حركة
+
+231
+00:22:21,810 --> 00:22:28,530
+الماسونيةالماسونية ونتعرف على حقيقتها وما معناها
+
+232
+00:22:28,530 --> 00:22:33,190
+لغة وما معناها اصطلاحا ايش يعني مسونية وكيف نشأت
+
+233
+00:22:33,190 --> 00:22:38,250
+الماسونية ونتعرف على بعض مخططات الماسونيين الكبار
+
+234
+00:22:38,250 --> 00:22:43,090
+مثل ال general pike وهو جنرال امريكي متقاعد كيف
+
+235
+00:22:43,090 --> 00:22:51,150
+استغله الماسونيون لوضع مخطط للسيطرة على العالمو
+
+236
+00:22:51,150 --> 00:22:55,070
+أيضا نتعرف على الأهداف الماسونية وهي نوعان من
+
+237
+00:22:55,070 --> 00:23:00,430
+الأهداف فهناك أهداف قريبة يريدون تحقيقها في القريب
+
+238
+00:23:00,430 --> 00:23:07,110
+العاجل مسمى بالأهداف المرحلية وهناك أهداف بعيدة
+
+239
+00:23:07,110 --> 00:23:12,050
+يعني أو استراتيجية يريدون تحقيقها على المدى البعيد
+
+240
+00:23:12,050 --> 00:23:17,190
+وكذا النوعين خطير سواء الأهداف القريبة أو الأهداف
+
+241
+00:23:17,790 --> 00:23:22,670
+البعيدة هناك وسائل عديدة لالماسونية لتحقيق أهدافها
+
+242
+00:23:22,670 --> 00:23:29,660
+ايضا سنتعرف عليهاو من أهم الموضوعات التي تتعلق
+
+243
+00:23:29,660 --> 00:23:34,620
+بالحديث عن الماسونية علاقة الماسونية باليهودية و
+
+244
+00:23:34,620 --> 00:23:40,680
+هذا موضوع مهم جدا التعرف عليه لمعرفة حقيقة
+
+245
+00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:50,680
+الماسونية و أن حقيقتها و مؤسسيها و من وراها هم
+
+246
+00:23:50,680 --> 00:23:55,940
+يهود من الدرجة الأولىمن خلال موضوع علاقة الماسونية
+
+247
+00:23:55,940 --> 00:24:01,150
+باليهودية سنتعرف على هذه الحقيقةمن الأفكار اللي
+
+248
+00:24:01,150 --> 00:24:05,450
+وافدة أيضا على العالم الإسلامي و هي الفكر الغربي
+
+249
+00:24:05,450 --> 00:24:11,070
+كما هو الأفكار السابقة كالعلمانية و غيرها
+
+250
+00:24:11,070 --> 00:24:16,790
+الليبرالية الليبرالية اليوم أصبحت فكرا منتشرا في
+
+251
+00:24:16,790 --> 00:24:21,930
+بلاد المسلمين و أصل هذا الفكر فكرا فكر غربي لكن
+
+252
+00:24:21,930 --> 00:24:28,420
+غزى الغربيون المسلمين بهذا الفكرسنتعرف على معنى
+
+253
+00:24:28,420 --> 00:24:32,840
+الليبرالية والأسس التي تقوم عليها الليبرالية أو
+
+254
+00:24:32,840 --> 00:24:39,500
+الفكر الليبرالي وهي ثلاث أسس أساسه الأول الحرية
+
+255
+00:24:39,500 --> 00:24:43,720
+والأساسه الثاني الفردية والأساس الثالث العقلاني
+
+256
+00:24:43,720 --> 00:24:48,600
+وسنتعرف على جهود الاستعمار في فرض الليبرالية في
+
+257
+00:24:48,600 --> 00:24:54,310
+العالم الإسلام ودور الأمريكان أيضاوالمشروع
+
+258
+00:24:54,310 --> 00:24:59,890
+الأمريكي في العالم بالصورة عامة وفي المنطقة
+
+259
+00:24:59,890 --> 00:25:05,130
+العربية والإسلامية بصورة خاصة وكيف يريدون تطبيق
+
+260
+00:25:05,130 --> 00:25:11,410
+هذا الفكر على بلاد المسلمين وكما تعرفنا أو سنتعرف
+
+261
+00:25:11,410 --> 00:25:17,500
+على تلميذ المستشريقينالذي سبق الحديث عنه أيضًا
+
+262
+00:25:17,500 --> 00:25:21,260
+سنتعرف على دعاية الليبرالية في بلاد المسلمين هناك
+
+263
+00:25:21,260 --> 00:25:24,360
+من يدعو إلى هذا الفكر المنحل الذي يعني في أصله
+
+264
+00:25:24,360 --> 00:25:29,040
+وأساسي الحرية الكاملة التامة وعدم التقيد بدين أو
+
+265
+00:25:29,040 --> 00:25:35,400
+بأخلاق ومن ثم تعرف على أثار وأخطار الفكر الليبرالي
+
+266
+00:25:35,400 --> 00:25:40,340
+على المسلمين وعلى دينهم وأخيرًا الحكم الشريف
+
+267
+00:25:40,340 --> 00:25:42,260
+الليبرالية والليبراليين
+
+268
+00:25:44,420 --> 00:25:50,200
+من الموضوعات ذات الأهمية أيضا في الحديث عن حاضر و
+
+269
+00:25:50,200 --> 00:25:57,180
+واقع العالم الإسلامي الحديث عن الشيعة كلنا يسمع
+
+270
+00:25:57,180 --> 00:26:03,040
+اليوم بالشيعة و لهم حضور في العالم الإسلامي و هناك
+
+271
+00:26:03,040 --> 00:26:10,470
+بعض الدول التي تحمل هذا الفكرفنريد أن نتعرف على
+
+272
+00:26:10,470 --> 00:26:14,370
+هذا الفكر وعلى هذه العقيدة التي تنافس اليوم
+
+273
+00:26:14,370 --> 00:26:19,630
+عقيدتنا الصحيحة السليمة عقيدة أهل السنة والجماعة
+
+274
+00:26:19,630 --> 00:26:28,120
+نريد نركز في الحديث عن هذهالطائفة والجماعة والفرقة
+
+275
+00:26:28,120 --> 00:26:31,680
+من فرق المسلمين نريد أن نركز على اعتقاداتها
+
+276
+00:26:31,680 --> 00:26:37,880
+الأساسية الأصلية تحديدا في القرآن الكريم والسنة
+
+277
+00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:41,260
+النبوي ما هي عقيدة الشيعة في القرآن وعقيدتهم في
+
+278
+00:26:41,260 --> 00:26:46,340
+السنة وكذلك عقيدتهم في الصحابة رضي الله عنهم
+
+279
+00:26:46,340 --> 00:26:50,560
+أجمعينثم نتعرف على موقفهم من زوجات النبي صلى الله
+
+280
+00:26:50,560 --> 00:26:57,560
+عليه وسلم بصورة عامة ومن زوجه عائشة بصورة خاصة رضي
+
+281
+00:26:57,560 --> 00:27:03,740
+الله عنه وأيضا نتعرف على أقوال علماء وإمة المسلمين
+
+282
+00:27:03,740 --> 00:27:10,540
+في من يطعن في الصحابة ويتهمهم بالردة والزندقة
+
+283
+00:27:10,540 --> 00:27:20,850
+والفسق ومن عقائد الشيعة الأساسيةربما يحملون
+
+284
+00:27:20,850 --> 00:27:27,890
+هذا الإسم عقيدة الإمامة فهذا .. هذه الطائفة و هذه
+
+285
+00:27:27,890 --> 00:27:33,290
+الفرقة التي سنتحدث عنها اسمها الشيعة الإمامية لما
+
+286
+00:27:33,290 --> 00:27:38,530
+يعتقدونه من أهمية و ضرورة الإمامة فالإمامة عندهم
+
+287
+00:27:38,530 --> 00:27:44,990
+عقيدة راسقة من عقائدهمقامت هذه الفرقة و هذه
+
+288
+00:27:44,990 --> 00:27:48,910
+الجماعة و هذه الطائفة عليها وسنتعرف عليها بالتفصيل
+
+289
+00:27:48,910 --> 00:27:56,040
+و يعتبرها الشيعة ركنا من أركان الإسلامثم ايضا
+
+290
+00:27:56,040 --> 00:28:02,960
+نتعرف على معتقد من معتقدات الشيعة وهو تفضيل الأئمة
+
+291
+00:28:02,960 --> 00:28:10,200
+الاثنى عشر الذين يدعونهم على جميع الأنبياء وهذه
+
+292
+00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:20,200
+عقيدة خطيرة انما يفضل اي انسان على النبي واخر
+
+293
+00:28:20,200 --> 00:28:26,130
+موضوعات المادة والمساق والكتاببعنوان المستقبل
+
+294
+00:28:26,130 --> 00:28:32,170
+للإسلام وكأن هذا العنوان يعني هو أن يكون آخر
+
+295
+00:28:32,170 --> 00:28:38,590
+الموضوعات والعناوين كأن كاتب والمؤلف و هذه المادة
+
+296
+00:28:38,590 --> 00:28:46,380
+تريد أن تعرفنا أنه مهماكان كيده الكائدين و مكره
+
+297
+00:28:46,380 --> 00:28:54,780
+الماكرين فلابد ان يكون الغلبه و النصر في نهاية
+
+298
+00:28:54,780 --> 00:28:59,460
+الأمر لهذا الدين فالمستقبل لهذا الدين المستقبل
+
+299
+00:28:59,460 --> 00:29:00,580
+للإسلام
+
+300
+00:29:02,870 --> 00:29:09,230
+مصوص كثيرة في القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية تبشرنا
+
+301
+00:29:09,230 --> 00:29:14,490
+بهذا المستقبل فسنتعرف من خلال هذا الموضوع الأخر
+
+302
+00:29:14,490 --> 00:29:20,350
+على هذه المباشرات بانتصار الإسلام من خلال القرآن
+
+303
+00:29:20,350 --> 00:29:28,650
+والسنة وبهذا نكون قد أعطينا فكرة عامة ومختصرة عن
+
+304
+00:29:28,650 --> 00:29:35,060
+موضوعات ومفرداتهذه المادة و هذا المساق مساق حاضر
+
+305
+00:29:35,060 --> 00:29:42,880
+العالم الإسلامي ان شاء الله المحاضرة القادمة ستكون
+
+306
+00:29:42,880 --> 00:29:49,260
+و هي في أول موضوعات و مفردات هذا الكتاب و هذه
+
+307
+00:29:49,260 --> 00:29:56,620
+المادة ستكون بعنوان المجتمع المسلم و خصائص المجتمع
+
+308
+00:29:56,620 --> 00:30:00,620
+المسلم والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZZ8ASUiLEKVKvwcEdfmB_y/4LCpYQUb-3Q_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+1
+00:00:04,720 --> 00:00:08,120
+الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف
+
+2
+00:00:08,120 --> 00:00:13,340
+الخلق وسيد المرسلين سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه
+
+3
+00:00:13,340 --> 00:00:17,780
+أجمعين اللهم لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت
+
+4
+00:00:17,780 --> 00:00:22,300
+العليم الحكيم اللهم علمنا ما ينفعنا وانفعنا بما
+
+5
+00:00:22,300 --> 00:00:28,690
+علمتنا وازيدنا علمة آمين يا رب العالمين أما بعدقد
+
+6
+00:00:28,690 --> 00:00:34,430
+تحدثنا في المحاضرة الماضية عن واقع العالم الإسلامي
+
+7
+00:00:34,430 --> 00:00:42,410
+ومن هذا الواقع واقع العالم الإسلامي هناك مشكلة
+
+8
+00:00:42,410 --> 00:00:49,150
+يعاني منها المسلمون في العالم وهي ما يُعرف بمشكلة
+
+9
+00:00:49,150 --> 00:00:55,770
+الأقليات المسلمةفي العالم هناك أقليات مسلمة في دول
+
+10
+00:00:55,770 --> 00:01:01,030
+العالم غير الإسلامي يبلغ عددهم حوالي خمسمية مليون
+
+11
+00:01:01,030 --> 00:01:08,330
+مسلم يعني حوالي ثلث عدد المسلمين في العالمما هي
+
+12
+00:01:08,330 --> 00:01:14,950
+مطالب الأقليات التي تطالب بها في دولها التي تكون
+
+13
+00:01:14,950 --> 00:01:20,350
+فيها على رأس هذه المطالب المساواة مع الأغلبية في
+
+14
+00:01:20,350 --> 00:01:25,430
+الحقوق المدنية والسياسية أن يشعر هؤلاء الأقليات
+
+15
+00:01:25,430 --> 00:01:31,970
+المسلمونأقلية المسلمة بأنها لها نفس الحقوق المدنية
+
+16
+00:01:31,970 --> 00:01:39,410
+والسياسية لباقي أو لباقي رعاية الدولة أو مواطني
+
+17
+00:01:39,410 --> 00:01:46,230
+الدولة ما المراد بالأقلية في العُرف الدولي قبل
+
+18
+00:01:46,230 --> 00:01:50,450
+الأقلية المسلمة ما نعرفها نعرف المراد بالأقلية
+
+19
+00:01:50,450 --> 00:01:55,310
+كأقلية هي مجموعة أو فئات من رعاية دولة من الدول
+
+20
+00:01:56,050 --> 00:02:01,190
+تنتمي من حيث العرق أو اللغة أو الدين إلى غير ما
+
+21
+00:02:01,190 --> 00:02:08,230
+تنتمي اليه الأغلبية ولذلك هي أقلية، فئة، جماعة من
+
+22
+00:02:08,230 --> 00:02:13,930
+رعاية الدولة بيكون لغتها، دينها، عرقها غير ما
+
+23
+00:02:13,930 --> 00:02:18,280
+تنتمي اليه الأغلبيةأما التعريف الأقلية المسلمة
+
+24
+00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:23,880
+كمصطلح الأقليات المسلمة فهي جماعة إسلامية تشكل
+
+25
+00:02:23,880 --> 00:02:29,760
+العدد الأقل من مجموع السكان وتخضع لمعاملة مختلفة
+
+26
+00:02:29,760 --> 00:02:36,200
+نتيجة خصائصها المختلفةوفي تعريف آخر يقول هي مجموعة
+
+27
+00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:42,500
+من المسلمين تعيش تحت سلطان دولة غير مسلمة وفي وسط
+
+28
+00:02:42,500 --> 00:02:47,840
+أغلبية غير مسلمة يعني تعيش في مجتمع لا يكون فيه
+
+29
+00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:54,840
+الإسلام هو الدين السائد نتحدث
+
+30
+00:02:54,840 --> 00:03:02,200
+عن الواقع المعاصر لبعض الأقليات الإسلامية
+
+31
+00:03:04,700 --> 00:03:10,300
+هناك عامل مشترك واحد يجمع أو يشترك فيه تشترك فيه
+
+32
+00:03:10,300 --> 00:03:15,600
+الأقليات المسلمة على و هو تعرض العقيدة والقيم
+
+33
+00:03:15,600 --> 00:03:21,380
+الإسلامية لتحديات أو تهديدات وهذه التحديات
+
+34
+00:03:21,380 --> 00:03:27,220
+والتهديدات تختلف من دولة إلى دولة حسب درجة هذه
+
+35
+00:03:27,220 --> 00:03:33,010
+التهديدات وتأثيرهافنجد مثلا أن أغلب مناطق التوتر
+
+36
+00:03:33,010 --> 00:03:38,670
+تتركز في المناطق التي توجد فيها أقليات إسلامية كما
+
+37
+00:03:38,670 --> 00:03:43,210
+هو الحال في جامو وكشمير و تركستان الشرقية و
+
+38
+00:03:43,210 --> 00:03:48,090
+الفلبين و بورما و البلقان التي سنتحدث عن أحوالها
+
+39
+00:03:48,090 --> 00:03:51,330
+وأوضاعها بعد قليل
+
+40
+00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:58,340
+ما هي الأمور التي تزيد أوضاع الأقليات الإسلامية
+
+41
+00:03:58,340 --> 00:04:03,260
+سوءًا؟ في هناك ثلاث أمور تجعل أوضاع الأقليات
+
+42
+00:04:03,260 --> 00:04:07,660
+الإسلا��ية أكثر سوءًا، وفي ازدياد دائم الأمر الأول
+
+43
+00:04:07,660 --> 00:04:12,960
+إنخفاض متوسط الدخل السنوي لأفراد الأقليات
+
+44
+00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:19,880
+الإسلامية قياسًا أو بالنسبة للأغلبية في هذه الدول
+
+45
+00:04:19,880 --> 00:04:23,780
+التي فيها هذه الأقليات الأمر الثاني إزدياد نسبة
+
+46
+00:04:23,780 --> 00:04:30,510
+الأمميةحيث لا تُعطى الأقليات الإسلامية فرص للتعلم
+
+47
+00:04:30,510 --> 00:04:36,890
+مثل رعاية أو مواطني الدولة الأمر الثالث ارتفاع
+
+48
+00:04:36,890 --> 00:04:40,290
+معدلات الإصابة بالأمراض والأوبئة مما يؤدي إلى
+
+49
+00:04:40,290 --> 00:04:45,010
+ارتفاع معدلات الوفيات في هذه الأقليات هذه أمور
+
+50
+00:04:45,010 --> 00:04:52,010
+ثلاثة تزيد من أوضاع الأقليات الإسلامية سوءًاأما
+
+51
+00:04:52,010 --> 00:04:58,250
+الأقليات المسلمة التي سنتحدث عنها في هذا المساق
+
+52
+00:04:58,250 --> 00:05:05,090
+فسنركز الحديث عن أهم الأقليات المسلمة التي تعاني
+
+53
+00:05:05,090 --> 00:05:12,590
+مشكلات في العالم وهي موجودة ومكتوبة هنا سنتحدث عن
+
+54
+00:05:12,590 --> 00:05:18,850
+معاناة مسلمي Myanmar في بورما ويطلق عليه مسلمي
+
+55
+00:05:18,850 --> 00:05:23,870
+الروهينجاو أيضًا هنتكلم عن الأقلية المسلمة في
+
+56
+00:05:23,870 --> 00:05:28,170
+بولغاريا في رومانيا في روسيا في القوقاز في جامو و
+
+57
+00:05:28,170 --> 00:05:33,930
+كشمير و كذلك في الفلبين هذا المقرر فقط من هذه
+
+58
+00:05:33,930 --> 00:05:39,190
+الأقليات و نبدأ الحديث عن اضطهاد مسلمي الروهينجا
+
+59
+00:05:39,190 --> 00:05:49,080
+في ميانيمار وهي بورماميانامار إلها اسم رسمي يعني
+
+60
+00:05:49,080 --> 00:05:54,860
+يطلق عليها بجمهورية اتحاد ميانامار و بورما يعبر عن
+
+61
+00:05:54,860 --> 00:06:01,250
+جمهورية متحدة و تقع ضمن دول جنوب شرق آسياكيف قامت
+
+62
+00:06:01,250 --> 00:06:05,030
+هذه الجمهورية قامت نتيجة انفصالها عن حكومة الهند
+
+63
+00:06:05,030 --> 00:06:10,370
+البريطانية حينما كانت بريطانيا تحتل وتستعمل الهند
+
+64
+00:06:10,370 --> 00:06:15,150
+فنتيجة انفصال انفصالها
+
+65
+00:06:15,150 --> 00:06:18,370
+عن حكومة الهند البريطانية وكانت ضمن ولايات الهند
+
+66
+00:06:18,370 --> 00:06:22,170
+البريطانية قبل ذلك التي تتألف من عدة ولايات مثل
+
+67
+00:06:22,170 --> 00:06:26,150
+بورما و كارن و كايا و شانو و غيرها من هذه الأسماء
+
+68
+00:06:27,140 --> 00:06:34,180
+متى دخل الإسلام لـ Burma؟ في قولين في دخول الإسلام
+
+69
+00:06:34,180 --> 00:06:39,740
+لهذه المناطق القول الأول يقول من أو منذ القرن
+
+70
+00:06:39,740 --> 00:06:45,300
+الأول الهجري وعن طريق صحابي وهو وقاص ابن مالك، هذا
+
+71
+00:06:45,300 --> 00:06:49,600
+قول ورأي يعني دخلها الإسلام مبكرا في قول يقول لأ
+
+72
+00:06:49,600 --> 00:06:55,880
+في عهد هارون الرشيد في القرن الثامن الميلاديكم
+
+73
+00:06:55,880 --> 00:07:00,920
+يشكل المسلمون من السكان في بورما؟ أيضا هناك قولان
+
+74
+00:07:00,920 --> 00:07:07,260
+في ذلك في قول يقول 4% يعني نسبة أقلية بالمقارنة مع
+
+75
+00:07:07,260 --> 00:07:12,290
+الديانة البوذية التي يعتنقها معظم سكان بورماوفي
+
+76
+00:07:12,290 --> 00:07:17,570
+قول بيقول لأ نسبتهم أكبر حوالي 15% نسبهم يعيش في
+
+77
+00:07:17,570 --> 00:07:23,970
+قليم أركان ويتركز أكثر المسلمين في هذا القليم
+
+78
+00:07:23,970 --> 00:07:29,480
+وينتمون لقبائل الروهينجاوفي أركان واحدة تبلغ نسبة
+
+79
+00:07:29,480 --> 00:07:35,300
+المسلمين 70% كما قلنا يعني أكتر المسلمين موجودين
+
+80
+00:07:35,300 --> 00:07:40,180
+في هذا الإقليم لكنهم يعيشون تحت خط الفقر بيعتدي
+
+81
+00:07:40,180 --> 00:07:47,880
+عليهم البوذيون دائما، بقولنا كحركة متطرفةبوذية
+
+82
+00:07:47,880 --> 00:07:56,700
+أصبحت رمز لطيار بوذي معادي للمسلمين هي حركة 969
+
+83
+00:07:56,700 --> 00:08:02,400
+هكذا سم��ها أهلها وأصحابها وهي حركة لطيار بوذي يريد
+
+84
+00:08:02,400 --> 00:08:06,600
+عزل وتهجير المسلمين ويشرف على هذه الحركة رهبان
+
+85
+00:08:06,600 --> 00:08:12,500
+بوذيون متطرفونمن الحركة أجازوا وأباحوا العنف ضد
+
+86
+00:08:12,500 --> 00:08:18,040
+المسلمين وجعلوا العنف جائز ومن يمارسه يثاب عليه
+
+87
+00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:24,180
+فهذه حركة سياسية بوذية قومية أسست في مينمار
+
+88
+00:08:24,180 --> 00:08:29,960
+وبتعتبر الإسلام كتهديد وشك الخطر على دولة مينمار
+
+89
+00:08:33,030 --> 00:08:37,650
+ما هي الاضطهادات التي تعرض لها مسلمون من النمار من
+
+90
+00:08:37,650 --> 00:08:42,830
+السلطات الحاكمة؟ ربما أهم شيء يهمنا في الحديث عن
+
+91
+00:08:42,830 --> 00:08:47,830
+الأقليات الإسلامية في جميع الدول التي أشارنا إليها
+
+92
+00:08:47,830 --> 00:08:53,390
+هي الاضطهادات التي يتعرض لها المسلمون في هذه الدول
+
+93
+00:08:53,390 --> 00:08:58,710
+من الاضطهادات التي تعرض لها مسلمون من النمار واحد
+
+94
+00:08:58,710 --> 00:09:04,600
+مصادر جميع أموالهم المنقولة والعقاروحتى هذه
+
+95
+00:09:04,600 --> 00:09:10,940
+السلطات أفقرت المسلمين وجعلتهم فقراء تحت خط الفقر
+
+96
+00:09:10,940 --> 00:09:15,560
+ايضا من هذه الاضطهادات منعهم من مغادرة البلاد حتى
+
+97
+00:09:15,560 --> 00:09:20,520
+لو كان ذلك للحج منع المسلمين من أداء فريضة الحج
+
+98
+00:09:20,520 --> 00:09:26,460
+كذلك سجن عشرات الألاف من مسلمين ينامروا وتعذيبهم
+
+99
+00:09:26,460 --> 00:09:32,920
+وطردهم بغير ذنبأيضًا من هذه الإضطهادات إجبارهم على
+
+100
+00:09:32,920 --> 00:09:37,940
+اعتناق البوذية، مما أدى لردة حوالي خمسين ألف مسلم
+
+101
+00:09:37,940 --> 00:09:44,130
+عن دينهوذلك بالحديد والنار والتعذيب والاضطهاد
+
+102
+00:09:44,130 --> 00:09:51,110
+أيضًا من هذه الاضطهادات تغييه ديمографي لجعل أركان
+
+103
+00:09:51,110 --> 00:09:55,650
+إقليما بوذية نقولنا أركان يتجمع فيه أكثر عدد من
+
+104
+00:09:55,650 --> 00:10:00,970
+المسلمين فيريد تريد السلطات الحاكمة أن تغيرنسبة
+
+105
+00:10:00,970 --> 00:10:05,830
+السكان الأعلى من المسلمين وهو ما يُعرف بالتغيير
+
+106
+00:10:05,830 --> 00:10:09,810
+الديمографي ليكون هذا الإقليم إقليم بوذي بدل ما
+
+107
+00:10:09,810 --> 00:10:15,270
+تكون الأغلبية فيه مسلمة أيضًا من الاضطهادات التي
+
+108
+00:10:15,270 --> 00:10:19,790
+اتعرض لها مسلمه من أمار تغيير طابع أركان بتمسي
+
+109
+00:10:19,790 --> 00:10:24,790
+المعالم الإسلامية التاريخية مثل المساجد و المدارس
+
+110
+00:10:24,790 --> 00:10:29,690
+الدينية فقاموا بهدم هذه المساجد و هذه المدارس
+
+111
+00:10:33,030 --> 00:10:39,710
+أيضا قام هناك عنف طائفي في مينامار، وأبرز مظاهر
+
+112
+00:10:39,710 --> 00:10:46,290
+هذا العنف قام البوذيون سنة 1942 بمذبحة كبيرة ضد
+
+113
+00:10:46,290 --> 00:10:50,490
+مسلمي الروهينجا، وهي اسم القبيلة التي ينتمي إليها
+
+114
+00:10:50,490 --> 00:10:55,550
+مسلمون ميناماروأيضًا ساعدهم في ذلك إنجلترا أو
+
+115
+00:10:55,550 --> 00:11:00,430
+بريطانيا وهذه المذبحة أدت إلى أودت بحياة أكتر من
+
+116
+00:11:00,430 --> 00:11:07,470
+مائة ألف مسلم معظمهم نساء وشيوخ وأطفال فهذا
+
+117
+00:11:07,470 --> 00:11:11,890
+من أكبر مظاهر العنف اللي حدث في مينامار وكان ضد أو
+
+118
+00:11:11,890 --> 00:11:17,270
+كان موجها ضد الأقلية المسلمة أيضًا من ذلك مصادرت
+
+119
+00:11:17,270 --> 00:11:20,390
+ما يزيد عن تسعين في المائة من أراضي المسلمين
+
+120
+00:11:20,390 --> 00:11:25,600
+وممتلكاتهو أيضًا من هذه المظاهر، المظاهر العنف،
+
+121
+00:11:25,600 --> 00:11:30,480
+سحب الجنسية من عشرات الألاف من المسلمين بولاية
+
+122
+00:11:30,480 --> 00:11:35,220
+أركان، حتى يقوموا بالتغيير الديمографي الذي تحدثنا
+
+123
+00:11:35,220 --> 00:11:41,310
+عنهمن أيضًا أبرز مظاهر العنف الطائفي إبعاد نحو 28
+
+124
+00:11:41,310 --> 00:11:47,770
+ألف مسلم إلى الحدود مع بنجالدش تهجير وترحيل وإبعاد
+
+125
+00:11:47,770 --> 00:11:54,630
+لعدد كبير من المسلمين لتفريغ البلاد منهم أيضًا طرد
+
+126
+00:11:54,630 --> 00:11:58,330
+نصف مليون من المسلمين روهينجا من ديارهم وإبعادهم
+
+127
+00:11:58,330 --> 00:12:03,960
+إلى حدود بنجالدش مما أدى لوفات حوالي 40 ألف منهمو
+
+128
+00:12:03,960 --> 00:12:08,440
+كذلك طارد أكثر من نص مليون مسلم انتقاما منهم بسبب
+
+129
+00:12:08,440 --> 00:12:13,640
+تصويتهم لصالح المعارضة في الانتخابات النيابية
+
+130
+00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:17,760
+لأنهم يلا يريدون السلطات الحاكمة ويريدون استدالة
+
+131
+00:12:17,760 --> 00:12:24,440
+فلمّا لم يفوز أو لم تفوز المعارضة انتقم منهم أو
+
+132
+00:12:24,440 --> 00:12:31,320
+انتقمت منهم الحكومة الحالية بطارد أكثر من نص مليون
+
+133
+00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:37,170
+مسلمأيضا من أبرز مظاهر العنف في هذه الدولة قتل
+
+134
+00:12:37,170 --> 00:12:42,650
+الأطفال والنساء والشيوخ والاغتصاب الجماعي للنساء
+
+135
+00:12:42,650 --> 00:12:49,230
+هذا يعني هم مظاهر العنف الطائفي في مينمار
+
+136
+00:12:49,230 --> 00:12:55,610
+وماتعانيه الأقلية المسلمة في هذه الدولة التي تقضى
+
+137
+00:12:55,610 --> 00:13:01,150
+لجمهورية بورما الاتحاديةان شاء الله المحاضرة
+
+138
+00:13:01,150 --> 00:13:06,230
+القادمة سنكمل الحديث عن بقية الأقليات المسلمة
+
+139
+00:13:06,230 --> 00:13:12,130
+وسنتحدث عن مشكلات الأقليات المسلمة في شرق أوروبا
+
+140
+00:13:12,130 --> 00:13:14,970
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZZ8ASUiLEKVKvwcEdfmB_y/C4p6Ffv4RIw_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1944 @@
+1
+00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:24,100
+الحمد لله يا رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف
+
+2
+00:00:24,100 --> 00:00:28,980
+الخلق وسيد المرسلين سيدنا محمد على آله وصحبه
+
+3
+00:00:28,980 --> 00:00:33,320
+أجمعين اللهم لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت
+
+4
+00:00:33,320 --> 00:00:38,400
+العليم الحكيم اللهم علمنا ما ينفعنا وانفعنا بما
+
+5
+00:00:38,400 --> 00:00:43,860
+علمتنا وازدنا علمًا آمين يا رب العالمين أما بعد
+
+6
+00:00:43,860 --> 00:00:48,990
+كان الحديث يا أخوات في المحاضرة الماضية حولالتغريب
+
+7
+00:00:48,990 --> 00:00:54,410
+ثالث وسائل الغزو الفكري بدأنا الحديث عن التغريب
+
+8
+00:00:54,410 --> 00:00:59,930
+بتعريف التغريب عرفنا أن هناك أكثر من تعريف للتغريب
+
+9
+00:00:59,930 --> 00:01:05,930
+ذكرنا ذلك عدر الماضية ثم تعرفنا على أسماء ومصطلحات
+
+10
+00:01:05,930 --> 00:01:13,230
+يحاول أهل التغريب أن يسويقوها ليزينوا بهاباطلهم
+
+11
+00:01:13,230 --> 00:01:18,670
+وهذا التغريب الذي يستهدفون به المسلمين تغريب
+
+12
+00:01:18,670 --> 00:01:27,010
+أخلاقهم وسلوكهم وقيمهم إلى أن تصبح غربية مثلهم ثم
+
+13
+00:01:27,010 --> 00:01:32,930
+كان آخر الحديث في المحاضرة الماضية حول ملامح خطة
+
+14
+00:01:32,930 --> 00:01:38,370
+التغريب التي تقوم على ثمانية أمور ذكرناها يعني
+
+15
+00:01:38,370 --> 00:01:44,420
+وكانت تعتمد على خطة طويلةالأمد تبدأ بمخاطبة فكر
+
+16
+00:01:44,420 --> 00:01:51,720
+الأمة و قلوبها و عقولها ثم تتدرج بها من أدنى مظاهر
+
+17
+00:01:51,720 --> 00:02:00,300
+الحياة حتى أقصاها بعد ذلك اليوم في محاضرتنا سنتعرف
+
+18
+00:02:00,300 --> 00:02:07,040
+ان شاء الله تعالى على الأسباب التي أدت إلى تغريب
+
+19
+00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:12,570
+كثير من المسلمينسنرى أن كثيرا من المسلمين قد
+
+20
+00:02:12,570 --> 00:02:19,330
+تأثروا بهذا التغريب و يعني أثر فيهم هذا التغريب
+
+21
+00:02:19,330 --> 00:02:26,810
+كذلك سنتعرف على مواقف المسلمين المختلفة مما يسمى
+
+22
+00:02:26,810 --> 00:02:32,960
+الحضارة الغربية شوف هذه المواقف المختلفةو هي
+
+23
+00:02:32,960 --> 00:02:38,280
+موضوعات ستستغرق معانا الوقت كاملا لأن فيها تفاصيل
+
+24
+00:02:38,280 --> 00:02:45,000
+و نبدأ بالحديث عن الأسباب التي أدت إلى تغريب كثير
+
+25
+00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:50,140
+من المسلمين ما هي الأسباب التي أدت إلى تغريب كثير
+
+26
+00:02:50,140 --> 00:02:53,800
+من المسلمين في هندي حوالي ست أسباب بدنا ندرسها و
+
+27
+00:02:53,800 --> 00:02:59,060
+نذكرها معا من هذه الأسباب فضلالعديد من البلدان
+
+28
+00:02:59,060 --> 00:03:02,740
+الإسلامية تحت سيطرة الغربيين ومنها مصر حيث هو وقع
+
+29
+00:03:02,740 --> 00:03:05,520
+تحت سيطرة اتنى مليون في الحملات الأسطولية
+
+30
+00:03:12,320 --> 00:03:16,420
+ومن المؤسفة أن مصر احتفلت في عامين متتاليين في عام
+
+31
+00:03:16,420 --> 00:03:23,120
+1998 و 1999 بذكر الحملة الصالبية و الحملة ..
+
+32
+00:03:23,120 --> 00:03:26,560
+الحملة الدنو ماربونة بارحة على مصر و .. واحتجوا
+
+33
+00:03:26,560 --> 00:03:30,240
+بذلك المفكرين و المثقفين بأنهم لتشديد العلاقة
+
+34
+00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:34,520
+بيننا و بين الشعب الفرنسي كذلك حتى بعد ذول احترام
+
+35
+00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:38,920
+ثقافته كما نشت أنفي الجزائر و نشت في المغرببعد
+
+36
+00:03:38,920 --> 00:03:42,500
+زوال الفرنسيين عنهم مثلا هيتكلمون اللغة الفرنسية
+
+37
+00:03:42,500 --> 00:03:45,780
+وعديد من مظاهر تغريب فيها المجتمع العربي أو
+
+38
+00:03:45,780 --> 00:03:48,960
+الإسلاميين بارك الله فيكي و أحسن يعني الأخت ذكرت
+
+39
+00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:53,400
+تفصيلا في هذه النقطة الأولى وهي السبب الأول من
+
+40
+00:03:53,400 --> 00:04:00,100
+أسباب تغريب كثير من المسلمين تأثر المسلمين التي
+
+41
+00:04:00,100 --> 00:04:07,920
+احتلت أراضيهم و بلادهم تأثرهم بمن يحتلهمبالاستعمار
+
+42
+00:04:07,920 --> 00:04:13,600
+الذي يقعون تحت السيطرة فهذه مصر وهذه الجزائر وهذه
+
+43
+00:04:13,600 --> 00:04:18,220
+سوريا ولبنان وكل الدول التي احتلت من قبل الغزاوى
+
+44
+00:04:18,220 --> 00:04:26,420
+المحتلين تأثروا إلى حد كبير بأفكار و آراء وسلوك
+
+45
+00:04:26,420 --> 00:04:33,700
+المحتلينو كنا ندرس في المدارس ربما مر معاكم أيضا
+
+46
+00:04:33,700 --> 00:04:38,220
+في خلال المراحل التعليمية كانوا يدرسوننا في تاريخ
+
+47
+00:04:38,220 --> 00:04:43,100
+مصر العريق إيجابيات
+
+48
+00:04:43,100 --> 00:04:47,660
+الحملة الفرنسية فوائد الحملة الفرنسية على مصر و
+
+49
+00:04:47,660 --> 00:04:51,520
+كأن الحملة الفرنسية و الحملات الصلبية و غيرها لها
+
+50
+00:04:51,520 --> 00:04:56,540
+فوائد و لها إيجابيات منها ادخال المطابع كما هو
+
+51
+00:04:56,540 --> 00:05:01,380
+واردناتخيل المطار فكحة جراشير مش عارف .. يعني بعض
+
+52
+00:05:01,380 --> 00:05:06,720
+الموضوعات و كأنه للمحتل والغازي والاستعمار فوائد
+
+53
+00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:12,020
+يمكن أن نجنيها من ورائه هذا يعني من .. من .. من
+
+54
+00:05:12,020 --> 00:05:18,100
+أسباب تأثر أو تغريب كثير من المسلمين هو وقوع هذه
+
+55
+00:05:18,100 --> 00:05:23,440
+البلدان تحت سيطرات الغربيين أيضا سبب أخر من
+
+56
+00:05:23,440 --> 00:05:24,740
+الأسباب .. فضل الأخت
+
+57
+00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:36,710
+بارك الله فيك وهذا ماذا يؤثرأو كيف يؤثر على تغريب
+
+58
+00:05:36,710 --> 00:05:42,030
+المسلمين أن هؤلاء في هذا المنصب المرموق لهم أثر
+
+59
+00:05:42,030 --> 00:05:49,310
+ودور فاعل فدائما الإنسان في صاحب المنصب له تأثيره
+
+60
+00:05:49,310 --> 00:05:54,650
+وله دوره وله أثره لأنه بيده مقالات كل شيء يقوم
+
+61
+00:05:54,650 --> 00:05:59,790
+بالترغيب والترهيب والإغراء بالمناصب وبالأموال
+
+62
+00:06:00,310 --> 00:06:05,070
+وبالتالي بيكون له دور فاعل والناس أحيانا تقتد فيه
+
+63
+00:06:05,070 --> 00:06:09,890
+وتسمع له وتتأثر به وتسير وراقه وتسير خلفه ده كان
+
+64
+00:06:09,890 --> 00:06:13,830
+هذا الكبير والمسئول والرئيس والزعيم والسياسي
+
+65
+00:06:13,830 --> 00:06:20,570
+والقائد يفعل كذا أو يقول كذا فنجد له أتباعا فلمّا
+
+66
+00:06:20,570 --> 00:06:24,530
+يولّي الاستعمار مثل هؤلاء الناس على المسلمين أكيد
+
+67
+00:06:24,530 --> 00:06:28,670
+بيكون لهم تأثير كبير من أبناء النصارى والمنافقين
+
+68
+00:06:28,670 --> 00:06:33,630
+وغيرهمكذلك سبب من أسباب تغريب كثير من المسلمين ..
+
+69
+00:06:33,630 --> 00:06:41,450
+من هنا .. فضل الأخت .. تكلمنا عنه .. سبب التالت
+
+70
+00:06:41,450 --> 00:06:41,650
+الآن
+
+71
+00:06:45,440 --> 00:06:50,540
+نعم بارك الله فيك أيضا هناك أثر كبير وبالغ يتركه
+
+72
+00:06:50,540 --> 00:06:56,940
+الاستعمار في نفوس الشعوب التي يستعمرها ويحتلها
+
+73
+00:06:56,940 --> 00:07:03,780
+فيجد نفسه او يجد الشعب المحتل ارضه يجد نفسه ضعيفا
+
+74
+00:07:03,780 --> 00:07:08,360
+اولا امام هذا الاستعمار الذي لم يستطع ان يتخلص منه
+
+75
+00:07:08,360 --> 00:07:14,020
+بسهولة وبقى جاثما على صدرهو يأتيه بشيء جديد يبهره
+
+76
+00:07:14,020 --> 00:07:18,460
+و يدهشه فبيظل مبهور بما عند هذا الآخر و يبقى
+
+77
+00:07:18,460 --> 00:07:21,740
+يستذكر في الذاكرة انه لما كان هذا الاحتلال او
+
+78
+00:07:21,740 --> 00:07:26,820
+الاستعمار او كذا كان كما قلنا قبل قليل في مصر له
+
+79
+00:07:26,820 --> 00:07:32,060
+إيجابيات و فوائد و مطلع اكثر مننا و متقدم علينا و
+
+80
+00:07:32,060 --> 00:07:36,320
+تكنولوجيا و كما يتحدث اليوم بعض الناس عن اليهود
+
+81
+00:07:36,320 --> 00:07:40,390
+لما كانوا محتلين هنااحنا كنا وفي عهد اليهود وكانوا
+
+82
+00:07:40,390 --> 00:07:45,950
+يفعلوا وكنا نفعل وكأنه هذا البعض يتمنى أن يعود هذا
+
+83
+00:07:45,950 --> 00:07:52,830
+الاحتلال مرة أخرى لما يعني أبهر من مثلا اختراعات
+
+84
+00:07:52,830 --> 00:07:59,190
+أو صناعات وللأسف الشديد نحن كمسلمين افتقدناها أو
+
+85
+00:07:59,190 --> 00:08:04,290
+لم ناهتم بها كما هو اهتم بها وطور نفسه ونحن بقينا
+
+86
+00:08:04,290 --> 00:08:06,270
+في أماكننا
+
+87
+00:08:09,390 --> 00:08:22,390
+أيضا من أسباب تغريب كثير من المسلمين يعني
+
+88
+00:08:22,390 --> 00:08:27,190
+في عبارة في الكتاب أو لفظة بتقول تخلف اه يعني احنا
+
+89
+00:08:27,190 --> 00:08:32,710
+لو عدلناهاولطفناها بعبارة ألطف ممكن نقول تأخر
+
+90
+00:08:32,710 --> 00:08:36,210
+العلوم الإسلامية بدل تخلف العلوم الإسلامية لأن
+
+91
+00:08:36,210 --> 00:08:39,370
+العلوم الإسلامية في ذاتها ليست متخلفة هي هذه
+
+92
+00:08:39,370 --> 00:08:45,570
+العلوم تأخرت عن ملاحقة العصر ومواكبة العصر وما
+
+93
+00:08:45,570 --> 00:08:49,890
+يستجدمن أحوال ومن أمور ومن ظروف فالإسلام يا أخوات
+
+94
+00:08:49,890 --> 00:08:55,030
+جاء لكل زمان و لكل مكان و لكل الناس للعالمين في كل
+
+95
+00:08:55,030 --> 00:08:58,850
+زمان و في كل مكان فلا يليق بهذا الدين العظيم و هذه
+
+96
+00:08:58,850 --> 00:09:06,510
+العلوم أن تجمد و تبقى في مكانها ولا تواكب ما يستجد
+
+97
+00:09:06,510 --> 00:09:11,820
+للناس من أحوالفهذا الدين صالح لكل زمان و لكل مكان
+
+98
+00:09:11,820 --> 00:09:17,160
+و ما جاء لفترة زمانية محددة أو معينة و بقيت
+
+99
+00:09:17,160 --> 00:09:23,140
+المناهج الإسلامية على ما كانت عليه من الخطط القديم
+
+100
+00:09:23,140 --> 00:09:29,230
+مما أدى إلى أنيندفع الناس إلى كل جديد وإلى كل محدث
+
+101
+00:09:29,230 --> 00:09:34,210
+وبالتالي تأثروا بهذه المدنية الحديثة المسمّاها
+
+102
+00:09:34,210 --> 00:09:39,530
+حضارة زيفا وزورا وبهتانا كما قلنا في أكثر من مرة
+
+103
+00:09:39,530 --> 00:09:52,470
+أيضا من أسباب تغريب كثير من المسلمين وهذه
+
+104
+00:09:52,470 --> 00:09:58,270
+قصة يعني محزنةالحديث عنها أخذ المجتمعات الإسلامية
+
+105
+00:09:58,270 --> 00:10:03,690
+بنظم التعليم الغربية وكأنه احنا كمسلمين ماعناش نظم
+
+106
+00:10:03,690 --> 00:10:09,670
+خاصة بنا نظم إسلامية تربوية نأخذ النظم التعليمية
+
+107
+00:10:09,670 --> 00:10:13,930
+من من من الغربيين من الأجانب من الكفار من غير
+
+108
+00:10:13,930 --> 00:10:18,350
+المسلمين هل يحق ويجوز لنا كمسلمين أن نقبل ذلك؟ هل
+
+109
+00:10:18,350 --> 00:10:24,430
+هناك توافق بينمناهجهم ومناهجنا بين يعني عقيدتهم
+
+110
+00:10:24,430 --> 00:10:28,830
+المحرف الباطل وعقيدتنا بين القيم والسلوك الأخلاقية
+
+111
+00:10:28,830 --> 00:10:33,090
+التي عليها الغربيون وبين قيمنا وسلوكنا وأخلاقنا
+
+112
+00:10:33,090 --> 00:10:39,710
+شتان بين هذا وذا يعني لكل خصوصيته لكل منهج وهم
+
+113
+00:10:39,710 --> 00:10:43,710
+حياتهم تختلف بالكلية فأن نقبل هذه المناهج و هذه
+
+114
+00:10:43,710 --> 00:10:49,350
+الطرق وهذه طامة كبرى في حياتنا كمسلمين لكنه أمر قد
+
+115
+00:10:49,350 --> 00:10:55,790
+حدثوحدث بالفعل ويعني هذه الأسماء في مصر مثلا فرض
+
+116
+00:10:55,790 --> 00:10:59,070
+ال lord cromer و هو المعتمد البريطاني في عهد
+
+117
+00:10:59,070 --> 00:11:02,950
+الاحتلال الإنجليزي لمصر و بمساعدة من قس من
+
+118
+00:11:02,950 --> 00:11:08,770
+القساوسة اسمه Dunlop فرضوا منهج التعليم و التربية
+
+119
+00:11:08,770 --> 00:11:13,950
+الغربي على الدارسين و لا يزال هذا المنهج و أصوله
+
+120
+00:11:13,950 --> 00:11:18,920
+وجذوره لازالت موجودة حتى يومنا هذاوتأثر بيه كثير
+
+121
+00:11:18,920 --> 00:11:25,480
+من البلدان العربية والاسلامية وللأسف الشديد أيضا
+
+122
+00:11:25,480 --> 00:11:38,620
+من أسباب تغريب كثير من المسلمين فضل الأخت بارك
+
+123
+00:11:38,620 --> 00:11:44,290
+الله فيكو هذه نقطة هامة في كثير من ال .. ال ..
+
+124
+00:11:44,290 --> 00:11:48,650
+الأشياء اللي نتحدث فيها عن تأثر المسلمين بغيرهم
+
+125
+00:11:48,650 --> 00:11:55,030
+هذا التأثر سببه الأصلي و الأساسي هو الجاهل الجاهل
+
+126
+00:11:55,030 --> 00:12:00,410
+.. الجاهل عدوه نفسه الجاهل يعني يتورط في كل شيء و
+
+127
+00:12:00,410 --> 00:12:05,120
+يتأثر في .. بكل شيء لأنه جاهليعني كالكوب الفارغ،
+
+128
+00:12:05,120 --> 00:12:08,920
+الجاهل مثل الكوب الفارغ أو الكأس الفارغ، أي شيء
+
+129
+00:12:08,920 --> 00:12:13,920
+يمكن أن يملأه، فإذا ما سمع عن الغرب وعن حضارته،
+
+130
+00:12:13,920 --> 00:12:20,770
+المسمى حضارة وعن قيمه وسلوكه، يتأثر بالسهولةأنه
+
+131
+00:12:20,770 --> 00:12:26,090
+ليس عنده أصول وجزور العلم الشرعي الخاصة الذي يجعله
+
+132
+00:12:26,090 --> 00:12:30,310
+يميز بين الحق والباطل والصح والخطأ وما يجوز وما لا
+
+133
+00:12:30,310 --> 00:12:34,690
+يجوز فهذا الجهل بحقيقة الإسلام أو حقائق الإسلام
+
+134
+00:12:34,690 --> 00:12:39,350
+بمفاهيم الإسلام ما يمكن أن نقبله من غير المسلمين
+
+135
+00:12:39,350 --> 00:12:44,680
+وما يمكن أن نرفضهويواكب ذلك تقصير واضح من الدعاء
+
+136
+00:12:44,680 --> 00:12:49,140
+المسلمين والعلماء في أنهم لا يقومون بهذه التوعية
+
+137
+00:12:49,140 --> 00:12:54,780
+اللازمة للمسلمين واجب على الدعاء في كل زمان ومكان
+
+138
+00:12:54,780 --> 00:13:01,060
+أن يلاحقوا التطورات والأحداث ويواكبوها ويفتوأ
+
+139
+00:13:01,060 --> 00:13:05,020
+الناس بها كثير من الناس تلجأيعني أحيانا إلى السؤال
+
+140
+00:13:05,020 --> 00:13:09,340
+لا تجد من يجيب والأشياء اليوم متسارعة ومتلاحقة في
+
+141
+00:13:09,340 --> 00:13:12,960
+العالم الإسلامي فتجد كثير من المسلمين يتورطون في
+
+142
+00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:17,560
+أشياء في اعتقادهم أنها من الأمور المباحة العادية
+
+143
+00:13:17,560 --> 00:13:21,380
+لكل الناس بتفعلها مثل البنوك والقروض والربا و ..
+
+144
+00:13:21,380 --> 00:13:26,060
+وفي الآخر يخطر في باله إذا سمع أن فلان يقول له هذا
+
+145
+00:13:26,060 --> 00:13:30,960
+ربا و هذا حرامفيأتي للعالم او المفتي فيسأله جال
+
+146
+00:13:30,960 --> 00:13:36,780
+البنوك حرام القروض من البنوك حرام متسأل بعد ما
+
+147
+00:13:36,780 --> 00:13:40,920
+اتورد و بعد ما اقترض و بعد ما بدأ يسد .. ي .. يسدد
+
+148
+00:13:40,920 --> 00:13:47,380
+في الاقصاد و ربما بعد ان عاجز و بعد ان كذا ثم يختر
+
+149
+00:13:47,380 --> 00:13:52,230
+في باله الآن ان يسأللماذا؟ لأنه في جهل للبداية في
+
+150
+00:13:52,230 --> 00:13:57,150
+.. يعني أيضا تقصير في كثير من الأحيان من الدعاء
+
+151
+00:13:57,150 --> 00:14:00,910
+ومن العلماء ومن الخطابات أحيان في توعية الناس لكل
+
+152
+00:14:00,910 --> 00:14:04,890
+جديد أن هذا حلال وهذا حرام، هذا يجوز، هذا لا يجوز،
+
+153
+00:14:04,890 --> 00:14:09,530
+هذا أمر مهم وله أثر بالغ في كثير من الأحيان كما
+
+154
+00:14:09,530 --> 00:14:16,390
+قلنا يعني هذا مجمل الأسبابالتي قدت إلى تغريب كثير
+
+155
+00:14:16,390 --> 00:14:19,910
+من المسلمين قد يكون في هناك أسباب يعني أخرى هذا هو
+
+156
+00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:24,550
+أو هذه هي الأسباب المذكورة عندنا لننتقل بعد ذلك
+
+157
+00:14:24,550 --> 00:14:31,930
+إلى الحديث المهم والذي عليه تركيز كبير في موضوع
+
+158
+00:14:31,930 --> 00:14:37,950
+التغريب وهو مواقف المسلمين من الحضارة الغربيةما هي
+
+159
+00:14:37,950 --> 00:14:42,890
+مواقف المسلمين من هذه الحضارة؟ هل هي متوافقة
+
+160
+00:14:42,890 --> 00:14:48,210
+متشابهة ولا مختلفة؟ ما هي هذه المواقف و هذه
+
+161
+00:14:48,210 --> 00:14:54,990
+الاتجاهات عند طبعا الاستعراض هذه المواقف واستقراها
+
+162
+00:14:54,990 --> 00:15:00,350
+نجد هناك اختلاف واختلافات كبيرةفي مواقف المسلمين
+
+163
+00:15:00,350 --> 00:15:04,630
+من الحضارة الغربية ونجد هذا الاختلاف ممكن تصنيفه
+
+164
+00:15:04,630 --> 00:15:09,530
+إلى أربع اتجاهات فلو أردنا أن نحصر هذه الاتجاهات
+
+165
+00:15:09,530 --> 00:15:13,730
+الأربعة فقط نذكرها ذكرا ونعددها ثم ندخل إلى تفصيل
+
+166
+00:15:13,730 --> 00:15:18,110
+كل واحد من هذه المواقف على حده فنجد أن الموقف
+
+167
+00:15:18,110 --> 00:15:24,950
+الأول من هذه المواقف الموقف الأول بس نذكره ذكر هو
+
+168
+00:15:24,950 --> 00:15:29,640
+الموقف السلبي من هذه الحضارةلما نقول الموقف السلبي
+
+169
+00:15:29,640 --> 00:15:34,200
+يعني الموقف الرافض لها يعني لو حاطنا بنجوسين
+
+170
+00:15:34,200 --> 00:15:38,900
+السلبي بيه معناه إيهاش؟ الرافض لها اه نين الموقف
+
+171
+00:15:38,900 --> 00:15:45,000
+الثاني هو الموقف الموقف
+
+172
+00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:49,420
+الداعي إلى التغريب والمؤيد هناك الرافض هنا المؤيد
+
+173
+00:15:49,420 --> 00:15:52,320
+بالكامل أو بالكلية إلى الأخذ من
+
+174
+00:15:56,020 --> 00:16:02,300
+الموقف التالت يدعو إلى تطوير الإسلام ومفاهيمه
+
+175
+00:16:02,300 --> 00:16:07,960
+وتعليمه ليتوافق مع الحضارة الغربية
+
+176
+00:16:13,080 --> 00:16:17,640
+هذا الاتجاه الداعي الى احتفاظ المسلمين بهوياتهم
+
+177
+00:16:17,640 --> 00:16:24,000
+وشخصيتهم الإسلامية المستقلة المتميزة مع الأخذ من
+
+178
+00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:29,500
+الحضارة الغربية بما لا يتعارض مع الإسلام أو بما
+
+179
+00:16:29,500 --> 00:16:34,120
+يتفق مع الإسلام ولا يتعارض معاه هذه اتجاهات اربعة
+
+180
+00:16:34,120 --> 00:16:39,840
+او مواقف اربعة يمكن ان نصنفها في الحديث عن مواقف
+
+181
+00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:44,600
+المسلمين من الحضارة الغربيةونبدأ بالاتجاه الأول
+
+182
+00:16:44,600 --> 00:16:50,100
+والموقف الأول وهو الموقف السلبي الرافض لهذه
+
+183
+00:16:50,100 --> 00:16:56,360
+الحضارة ولكل ما أتت به هذه الحضارة وهو يدعو إلى
+
+184
+00:16:56,360 --> 00:17:02,340
+عدم الأخذ بشيء من هذه الحضارةأنا بدأ أسأل سؤال هنا
+
+185
+00:17:02,340 --> 00:17:07,380
+و بدنا نسمع الجواب من حضراتي ما رأيكم في هذا
+
+186
+00:17:07,380 --> 00:17:12,480
+الاتجاه؟ هذه الاتجاه صغنى و ذكرنا ما هو رأيكم في
+
+187
+00:17:12,480 --> 00:17:18,800
+ذلك نسمع من الأخوات تفضل الأخت اللي هنا
+
+188
+00:17:23,480 --> 00:17:27,720
+هل هناك نصوص دينية شرعية تدعونا إلى المقاطعة
+
+189
+00:17:27,720 --> 00:17:34,440
+بالكامل لما عند غير المسلمين؟ مافي نص صريح يقول
+
+190
+00:17:34,440 --> 00:17:38,300
+أنه لا يجوز لنا أن نأخذ شيئا عن غير المسلمين وسنرى
+
+191
+00:17:38,300 --> 00:17:42,700
+ذلك يعني بالتفصيل بعد قليل، هذه نقطة، في نقطة
+
+192
+00:17:42,700 --> 00:17:50,060
+تانية أيضا، هنحاول نرد بيها، تفضل نقطة ناجد
+
+193
+00:17:50,060 --> 00:17:56,670
+.. تفضل .. نعموإعداد .. بارك الله فيك .. إذا هناك
+
+194
+00:17:56,670 --> 00:18:02,530
+دعوة بل دعوات ودعوات متكررة ومواضع كثيرة في القرآن
+
+195
+00:18:03,950 --> 00:18:08,390
+ذاكرت أو دعت و حثت المسلمين على التفكر في هذا
+
+196
+00:18:08,390 --> 00:18:13,650
+الكون و أعمال العقل و الفكر و الأخذ من الآخرين و
+
+197
+00:18:13,650 --> 00:18:18,830
+ما عند الآخرين من خير و من ثوائد و من شيء صالح و
+
+198
+00:18:18,830 --> 00:18:24,870
+مفيد و نافع و لا يعني ينهان الله سبحانه و تعالى عن
+
+199
+00:18:24,870 --> 00:18:28,230
+ذلك مادام قل سيروا في الأرض و يأمرنا أن نسيرا في
+
+200
+00:18:28,230 --> 00:18:34,310
+الأرض و نسيح فيها و نتفكر و نعتبر و نتدبرو نأخذ
+
+201
+00:18:34,310 --> 00:18:40,510
+بكل خيراتي هذه الأرض أينما وجدت و بما ينفعنا أينما
+
+202
+00:18:40,510 --> 00:18:43,910
+وجدت و سخر لكم الشمس و القمر و سخر لكم الليلة و
+
+203
+00:18:43,910 --> 00:18:48,730
+النهار و أتاكم من كل ما سألتموا و إذا في تسخير
+
+204
+00:18:48,730 --> 00:18:57,030
+كبير لكل ما فيه الطبيعة النقطة الثالثة أيضا التي
+
+205
+00:18:57,030 --> 00:19:01,630
+نرد عليها على هذا الاتجاه النقطة اللي ورا خالص
+
+206
+00:19:01,630 --> 00:19:04,670
+اتفضلتحضر، تحاضر، تفضل
+
+207
+00:19:09,030 --> 00:19:13,390
+إذا هذا حديث لكنه ضعيف يعني هو في حديث بهذا الشأن
+
+208
+00:19:13,390 --> 00:19:18,750
+لكن يعني درجته أنه ضعيف مدام لا يخالفه أصلا من
+
+209
+00:19:18,750 --> 00:19:22,890
+الأصول الشرعية بل يوافق ذلك فنستأنس به في هذا
+
+210
+00:19:22,890 --> 00:19:28,030
+المجال وهو مشهور على الألسنة ومذكور وقولنا ربما
+
+211
+00:19:28,030 --> 00:19:33,950
+نحفظه أن الحكمة ضالت المؤمن أن وجدها فهو أحق
+
+212
+00:19:33,950 --> 00:19:37,810
+ناسبها أين ما وجدت الحكمة بمعنى العلم الحكمة يعني
+
+213
+00:19:37,810 --> 00:19:43,400
+العلم النافعوالعمل الصالح، أينما وجد الإنسان علما
+
+214
+00:19:43,400 --> 00:19:52,090
+نافعا وعملا صالحا وعمل فيه خيريمكن أن يأخذه ويبادر
+
+215
+00:19:52,090 --> 00:19:56,870
+إليه ويسرع إليه لأنه أحق الناس بذلك لأنه المسلم
+
+216
+00:19:56,870 --> 00:20:04,970
+المؤمن المهتم أكثر من غيره بما يصلح هذا الكون لأن
+
+217
+00:20:04,970 --> 00:20:09,730
+الله تعالى خلقنا لإصلاح هذا الكون هو الذي خلق لكم
+
+218
+00:20:09,730 --> 00:20:14,830
+الأرض واستعماركم فيها أي طلب منكم أن تعمروا الأرض
+
+219
+00:20:15,390 --> 00:20:19,310
+استعماركم يعني طلب منكم أن تعمروا هذه الأرض فأي
+
+220
+00:20:19,310 --> 00:20:24,930
+شيء بيعمر هذه الأرض وبيصلح هذه الأرض ويقوم بما
+
+221
+00:20:24,930 --> 00:20:29,650
+ينفع الناس فهو أمر مدعو إليه ويدعو إليه الإسلام
+
+222
+00:20:29,650 --> 00:20:36,750
+والمسلم أحق الناس بأن يصلح هذه الأرض ويعمرها هناك
+
+223
+00:20:36,750 --> 00:20:41,290
+دليل واضح وصريح وقوي يمكن أيضا أن نستأنس به في هذا
+
+224
+00:20:41,290 --> 00:20:44,870
+المجال وفي هذا الجانب، فضلا
+
+225
+00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:57,340
+بارك الله فيك، هل فكرة حفر الخندق فكرة إسلامية
+
+226
+00:20:57,340 --> 00:21:02,440
+يعني خالصة؟النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أخذ بيها ولم
+
+227
+00:21:02,440 --> 00:21:06,360
+تكن فكرة إسلامية ولا حتى عربية يعني من البيئة
+
+228
+00:21:06,360 --> 00:21:10,800
+العربية بل كانت من بيئة أخرى غريبة ولم تكن بلاد
+
+229
+00:21:10,800 --> 00:21:14,000
+فارس في ذلك الوقت قد دخلت في الإسلام ولكن أهلها
+
+230
+00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:21,580
+مسلمين وإنما أعجب بهذه الفكرة فأخذ بيها وطبقها
+
+231
+00:21:21,580 --> 00:21:26,380
+وحفر المسلمون الخندق وكانت سببا من الأسباب التي
+
+232
+00:21:26,380 --> 00:21:31,590
+خافت الأعداء وأرهابتهم منالمسلمين، إذا هذا العمل
+
+233
+00:21:31,590 --> 00:21:36,950
+منه صلى الله عليه وسلم فيه إشارة قوية وواضحة لنا
+
+234
+00:21:36,950 --> 00:21:41,730
+كمسلمين أننا يجوز لنا أن نأخذ بأي فكرة حسنة لا
+
+235
+00:21:41,730 --> 00:21:47,150
+تتعارض مع ديننا ولا إسلامنا وفيها يعني شيء نافع
+
+236
+00:21:47,150 --> 00:21:55,790
+ومفيد أيضا نقطة أخيرة في هذا الجانب وهذا المجال
+
+237
+00:21:55,790 --> 00:21:57,850
+تفضل الأخت
+
+238
+00:22:01,800 --> 00:22:04,720
+اللي هو هذا الموقف يعني اللي يرفض كل ما أنتجته
+
+239
+00:22:04,720 --> 00:22:08,420
+الحضارة ماله أمر مستحيل و ذلك لأن طبيعة الأشياء ..
+
+240
+00:22:08,420 --> 00:22:14,480
+نعم أمر يستحيل بالدليل من ما نحن عليه اليوم من
+
+241
+00:22:14,480 --> 00:22:21,680
+الوسائل العلمية الحديثة و دائما بيقول ذلك وللأسف
+
+242
+00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:25,120
+نحن حتى كمسلمين و كفلسطينيين و هنا في أهل غزة و
+
+243
+00:22:25,120 --> 00:22:28,880
+هنا في هذه الجامعة و في كل مكان كثير من الوسائل
+
+244
+00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:34,030
+التي نتعاطاهاهي وسائل غربية أجنبية من صنع الغرب من
+
+245
+00:22:34,030 --> 00:22:38,590
+صنع كذا وقليل بل نادر إن لم يكن معدوم ما يصنعه
+
+246
+00:22:38,590 --> 00:22:42,710
+اليوم العرب والمسلمون في أشياء محدودة وقليلة وغير
+
+247
+00:22:42,710 --> 00:22:48,250
+يعني مذكورة، هل هذا واقع يعني يرضي الله ورسوله
+
+248
+00:22:48,250 --> 00:22:51,900
+ويرضي المؤمنين؟ لا يرضينالا يرضي أحدا يعني هذا
+
+249
+00:22:51,900 --> 00:22:56,640
+الواقع الأصل أن نكون نحن السباقين والأوائل في كل
+
+250
+00:22:56,640 --> 00:23:00,580
+هذه الأمور ولكن للأسف الشديد هم سبقونا في كل شيء
+
+251
+00:23:00,580 --> 00:23:05,280
+من هذه الأشياء المذكورة اللي هي مقصود سبقونا يعني
+
+252
+00:23:05,280 --> 00:23:10,560
+بالوسائل المدنية الحديث لكنهم لم يسبقونا لا بعقيدة
+
+253
+00:23:10,560 --> 00:23:14,600
+سليمة صحيحة ولا بأخلاق ولا بقيم بل دائما نحن
+
+254
+00:23:14,600 --> 00:23:20,150
+السباقين لها في ديننا العظيمهذا الاتجاه الأول
+
+255
+00:23:20,150 --> 00:23:25,130
+السلبي الرافض لما عليه الحضارة فوجدنا ان هذا
+
+256
+00:23:25,130 --> 00:23:30,610
+الموقف ليس مناسب ولا ملائم ومردود عليه ومش سليم
+
+257
+00:23:30,610 --> 00:23:35,510
+يعني مائة في المائة وعليه مآخذ وردود ومطعم طيب
+
+258
+00:23:35,510 --> 00:23:40,130
+الموقف الثاني او الاتجاه التاني والموقف الداعي
+
+259
+00:23:40,130 --> 00:23:44,910
+للتغريبيعني لو بدنا نقارن بينه وبين الأول بنقول هو
+
+260
+00:23:44,910 --> 00:23:50,670
+إيش عكسه تمام على النقيض منه هدا كده يعني يرفض
+
+261
+00:23:50,670 --> 00:23:55,510
+بالكلية الأخر بشيء من الحضارة وهذا يدعو إلى
+
+262
+00:23:56,570 --> 00:24:01,350
+الانفتاح الكامل على هذه الحضارة والاخذ بكل ما عند
+
+263
+00:24:01,350 --> 00:24:07,630
+هذه الحضارة بخيرها وشرها وحلوها ومرها فهو الموقف
+
+264
+00:24:07,630 --> 00:24:12,030
+الذي يمكن أن نصفه بالمستسلم للحضارة الغربية
+
+265
+00:24:12,030 --> 00:24:18,590
+والمقلد لها فمن هم أنصار ومؤيدون هذا الاتجاه وهذا
+
+266
+00:24:18,590 --> 00:24:23,490
+الموقف في العالم الإسلامي سنأخذ أمثلة ثلاثة على
+
+267
+00:24:23,490 --> 00:24:30,330
+ثلاث بلاد أو بلدان إسلامية كبرىكانت تمثل هذا
+
+268
+00:24:30,330 --> 00:24:34,470
+الموقف الداعي للتغريب هناخد مثال من تركيا ومثال من
+
+269
+00:24:34,470 --> 00:24:40,750
+الهند ومثال من مصر ففي تركيا مين الذي كان يمثل هذا
+
+270
+00:24:40,750 --> 00:24:47,990
+الاتجاه راجل اسمه علينا الصوتكوكب قلب هو المثل
+
+271
+00:24:47,990 --> 00:24:51,450
+الفكري لهذا الاتجاه هو المؤيد أو الداعي للتغريد
+
+272
+00:24:51,450 --> 00:24:55,190
+وكانت الموسيقى الرسمية اللى تولت الصوتة بعد الحرب
+
+273
+00:24:55,190 --> 00:24:58,430
+العالمية الاولى هي اليد المركضة لها نعم بارك الله
+
+274
+00:24:58,430 --> 00:25:01,950
+فيك و احسن لان هذا الشخص و هذا الراجل ده نحفظ اسمه
+
+275
+00:25:01,950 --> 00:25:07,650
+ضياء كوكب قلبهو الذي يمثل هذا الفكر وهذا الاتجاه
+
+276
+00:25:07,650 --> 00:25:11,470
+وهذا الموقع والمؤسسة الرسمية المقصود بيه اللي هي
+
+277
+00:25:11,470 --> 00:25:16,390
+الحكومة التركية التي تولت زمام الأمر بعد سقوط
+
+278
+00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:20,930
+الخلافة الإسلامية العثمانية أول من تولى رئاستها
+
+279
+00:25:20,930 --> 00:25:26,790
+كان مصطفى كمال أتاترك وسنتحدث عنه بالتفصيل كنموذج
+
+280
+00:25:26,790 --> 00:25:34,200
+من نماذج التغريب لاحقا يعنيفهذا الشخص و هذا الفكر
+
+281
+00:25:34,200 --> 00:25:41,440
+و فكره و هذه الدولة أول ما استلمت الحكم قعمت بعدة
+
+282
+00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:47,120
+أمور كلها توحي بهذا الموقف وتتخذ هذا الموقف الداعي
+
+283
+00:25:47,120 --> 00:25:54,700
+إلى التغريب طبعا ماذا كان هدفيعني هذه الدولة و هذه
+
+284
+00:25:54,700 --> 00:26:00,000
+المؤسسة و هذا الرجل من ذلك يعني لماذا كان الدعوة
+
+285
+00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:05,380
+إلى الارتماء في أحضان الغرب و الأخذ عنه فضل الخلق؟
+
+286
+00:26:09,150 --> 00:26:12,430
+نعم إذا هي برك الله فيك يعني كان هذا الهدف احنا
+
+287
+00:26:12,430 --> 00:26:17,150
+خلاني نحدد النقاط بالأسئلة يعني اللي بنطرحها هدفهم
+
+288
+00:26:17,150 --> 00:26:22,250
+أو هدف هذا الشخص و هذه المؤسسة ومن يسير على هذا
+
+289
+00:26:22,250 --> 00:26:28,190
+الموقف و هذا الاتجاه أن تسير هذه الدولة الإسلامية
+
+290
+00:26:29,350 --> 00:26:33,730
+أصلها إسلامية فهي تركيا أصلا في أصلها بلد إسلامي
+
+291
+00:26:33,730 --> 00:26:39,090
+يريدها الآن أن تتغير بأن تصبح على الطراز الأوروبي
+
+292
+00:26:39,090 --> 00:26:44,270
+الغربي الحديث يريد أن يعزلها يفصلها يسلخها عن
+
+293
+00:26:44,270 --> 00:26:51,680
+دينها وإسلامها وعقيدتها وهويتهافماذا فعل أتى ترك؟
+
+294
+00:26:51,680 --> 00:26:55,740
+وماذا فعلت هذه الدولة الجديدة في تركيا؟ وماذا فعل
+
+295
+00:26:55,740 --> 00:27:00,840
+هذا الرجل واصحاب هذا الفكر؟ مالذي فعلوه؟ بدنا نذكر
+
+296
+00:27:00,840 --> 00:27:03,260
+يعني بعض الأفعال لهم، فضلا
+
+297
+00:27:08,230 --> 00:27:12,550
+إذن أول حاجة عملتها فصلت الدين عن الدولة لا شأن
+
+298
+00:27:12,550 --> 00:27:17,290
+ولا علاقة ولا دخل للدين الآن في الدولة الدين حرية
+
+299
+00:27:17,290 --> 00:27:21,890
+شخصية بل حاربوا هذه الحرية فيما بعد وأصبحت الدولة
+
+300
+00:27:21,890 --> 00:27:27,110
+فقط دولة مدنية لا علاقة لها بالدين يعني تحكم
+
+301
+00:27:27,110 --> 00:27:35,120
+بقوانين وضعية وقوانين بشري كذلكالمجتمع التركي أقيم
+
+302
+00:27:35,120 --> 00:27:39,720
+على هذه الأسس العلمانية برضه التي لتعنى بالدين
+
+303
+00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:44,980
+وتفصله عن الحياة وأيضا .. ماذا فعلوا يا أخوات؟ فضل
+
+304
+00:27:44,980 --> 00:27:52,120
+أختي برك
+
+305
+00:27:52,120 --> 00:27:57,120
+الله فيك برك الله فيك إذا حتى في المظهر والشكل
+
+306
+00:27:57,120 --> 00:28:05,690
+كمان بدهم تغيير المظهر والشكلفيعني بدل القبعة التي
+
+307
+00:28:05,690 --> 00:28:12,910
+كانت أو كان يلبسها بدل الملابس الإسلامية المعروفة
+
+308
+00:28:12,910 --> 00:28:16,650
+بالذي العام الإسلامي أجبرهم أداتورك على لبس القبعة
+
+309
+00:28:16,650 --> 00:28:21,530
+اللي كان يلبسها الأجانب وكذلك المرأة التي كانت تضع
+
+310
+00:28:21,530 --> 00:28:28,360
+الحجاب والحجاب الشرعي أجبرها على أن ترفعهتظهر
+
+311
+00:28:28,360 --> 00:28:32,680
+سافرة متبرجة ومنع المحجبات من دخول المدارس
+
+312
+00:28:32,680 --> 00:28:36,960
+والجامعات وحارب هذا المظهر العام في تركيا وكان
+
+313
+00:28:36,960 --> 00:28:41,940
+ربما هو أشد الناس عداء للدين والتدين في العالم
+
+314
+00:28:41,940 --> 00:28:46,620
+الإسلامي هذا الرجل الحاقد على الإسلام والمسلمين
+
+315
+00:28:46,620 --> 00:28:50,700
+وسنتحدث عنه كما قلنا بالتفصيل لاحقا ان شاء الله
+
+316
+00:28:50,700 --> 00:28:54,960
+تعالى حتى ان اللغة العربية لغة القرآن استبدلها
+
+317
+00:28:54,960 --> 00:29:00,900
+باللغة اللاتينيةهذا شأن تركيا او الشأن في تركيا
+
+318
+00:29:00,900 --> 00:29:07,460
+اما في الهند فمين النموذج الذي يحمل هذا الموقف
+
+319
+00:29:07,460 --> 00:29:15,680
+اخوات الكل اتحرك معنا تفضل الاخوة الهند حمل اللي
+
+320
+00:29:15,680 --> 00:29:19,080
+هو التغريب احمد خان والمدرسة الفكرية اللتي أسسها
+
+321
+00:29:19,080 --> 00:29:24,570
+في منطقة اسمها الاخرةهو هذا الشخص بارك الله فيه
+
+322
+00:29:24,570 --> 00:29:31,570
+أحمد خان و أسس مدرسة فكرية تحمل هذا الفكر و هذه
+
+323
+00:29:31,570 --> 00:29:34,830
+الأفكار التي تقلد الغرب وتدعو إلى تقليد الغرب
+
+324
+00:29:34,830 --> 00:29:41,150
+فماذا فعل هذا الرجل في هذه المدرسة التي أسسها
+
+325
+00:29:52,970 --> 00:30:00,570
+بارك الله فيك، هذا العمل واضح منهالارتماء الكامل
+
+326
+00:30:00,570 --> 00:30:05,050
+في أحضان الغرب والغربيين وما يُعرف بالحضارة
+
+327
+00:30:05,050 --> 00:30:08,370
+الغربية أو ما يُسمى بالحضارة الغربية دعا إلى تقليد
+
+328
+00:30:08,370 --> 00:30:12,610
+هذه الحضارة حتى تفسير القرآن الكريم الذي له يعني
+
+329
+00:30:12,610 --> 00:30:18,570
+معناه الخاص عند المسلمين حاول أن يلوي أعناق النصوص
+
+330
+00:30:18,570 --> 00:30:24,090
+القرآنية بما يتوافق ويتلاقم مع الحضارة تفسرة على
+
+331
+00:30:24,090 --> 00:30:32,220
+هواء بما يتطابقمع هواه و هو اسياده الذين أوحوا
+
+332
+00:30:32,220 --> 00:30:37,520
+اليه بهذا الفكر و اقتنع هو بهذا الفكر فكان هناك
+
+333
+00:30:37,520 --> 00:30:41,280
+تغيير كما حدث عند أهل الكتاب كانوا يعني يحرفون
+
+334
+00:30:41,280 --> 00:30:45,840
+الكلمة عن مواضيع يكتبون الكتاب بأيديهم ثم يقولون
+
+335
+00:30:45,840 --> 00:30:50,780
+هذا من عند الله ليشتروا به ثمنا قليل كما وصفهم
+
+336
+00:30:50,780 --> 00:30:55,860
+الله هددهم فويل للذين يكتبون الكتاب بأيديهمثم
+
+337
+00:30:55,860 --> 00:31:01,560
+يقولون هذا من انديل لا ليشتروا به ثمنا قليلا فويل
+
+338
+00:31:01,560 --> 00:31:06,440
+اللهم مما كتبت أيديهم وويل اللهم مما يكسبون هناك
+
+339
+00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:11,280
+كانوا بحرفه و ببدله لكن هنا التحريف تحريف التفسير
+
+340
+00:31:11,280 --> 00:31:19,180
+والمعنى اللي في القرآن أما في مصر العظيمة فكان هذا
+
+341
+00:31:19,180 --> 00:31:27,510
+الاتجاه قويا ومتحمسا وكانت مصربيئة صالحة لكثير من
+
+342
+00:31:27,510 --> 00:31:34,170
+دعوات الاستشراق والتغريب ومن هذه الدعوات الكثيرة
+
+343
+00:31:34,170 --> 00:31:40,370
+اللي احتضنتها مصر وتقبلتها فكرة العلمانية التي
+
+344
+00:31:40,370 --> 00:31:44,310
+تعني فصل الدين عن الدولة وسنتحدث عنها بالتفصيل في
+
+345
+00:31:44,310 --> 00:31:50,400
+وسائل التغريب لاحقاومنها ايضا انكار حجية السنة
+
+346
+00:31:50,400 --> 00:31:57,220
+النبوية بدعوة ان القرآن فقط هو المحفوظ والسنة لا
+
+347
+00:31:57,220 --> 00:32:03,100
+حفظ لها ولا نستطيع تمييز صحيحة من سقيما فليست بحجة
+
+348
+00:32:03,100 --> 00:32:07,620
+والحجة الوحيدة هي القرآن الكريم اتحدثنا برضه عن
+
+349
+00:32:07,620 --> 00:32:11,100
+هذا الموضوع سابقاوالدعوة إلى تحرير المرأة التي
+
+350
+00:32:11,100 --> 00:32:15,080
+تبنها قاسم أمين وغيره من دعاة تحرير المرأة
+
+351
+00:32:15,080 --> 00:32:19,780
+واستخدام اللاتينية بدل الفصحى مرت معناها في محاور
+
+352
+00:32:19,780 --> 00:32:24,940
+التنفير من اللغة العربية سابقا والدعوة إلى
+
+353
+00:32:24,940 --> 00:32:28,120
+الفرعونية والقومية والاشتراكية ان لاحظين كل هذه
+
+354
+00:32:28,120 --> 00:32:35,380
+الدعوات يعني وجدت لها بيئة خصبة في مصرو كثير من
+
+355
+00:32:35,380 --> 00:32:40,220
+أبنائها تبنوا هذه الأفكار و لازال الكثير منهم
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+356
+00:32:40,220 --> 00:32:45,460
+عليها إلى اليوم فهذه أفكار يعني كلها مش هنقول
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+357
+00:32:45,460 --> 00:32:50,060
+معظمة ما أنزل الله بيها من سلطة و كلها تعارض قيم و
+
+358
+00:32:50,060 --> 00:32:53,800
+مفاهيم و مبادئ الإسلام العظيم
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+359
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+فمين هي أبرز الشخصيات المصرية التي دعت إلى التغريب
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+360
+00:33:02,370 --> 00:33:06,530
+وهذه الشخصية لطالما لمحنا اليها وصرحنا بها أحيانا
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+361
+00:33:06,530 --> 00:33:12,310
+وذكرنا اسمها هذه الشخصية هي شخصية من .. من الإسم
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+362
+00:33:12,310 --> 00:33:19,830
+بس مين هو؟ طه حسين الذي وصل إلى درجة عميد الأدب
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+363
+00:33:19,830 --> 00:33:24,070
+العربي في قمة الأدب وصل إلى هذه المرتبة وهذه
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+364
+00:33:24,070 --> 00:33:29,150
+المنزلةوكأنهم أرادوا له هذه المرتبة والمنزلة لما
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+365
+00:33:29,150 --> 00:33:37,610
+أرادوا له من دور خطير ومؤثر على هذه الأمة فهذا
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+366
+00:33:37,610 --> 00:33:46,070
+الرجل وضمن كتاب له مشهور وانتشر اسمه مستقبل
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+367
+00:33:46,070 --> 00:33:52,210
+الثقافة في مصرذاكر فيه آراءه في هذه الحضارة
+
+368
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+الغربية ودعوته إلى الارتماء في أحضان الغرب وأوروبا
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+369
+00:34:00,270 --> 00:34:08,150
+الغربية فماذا وصف مصر؟ وماذا قال عن مصر؟ وماذا دعا
+
+370
+00:34:08,150 --> 00:34:12,030
+المصريين؟ أ�� إلى ماذا دعا المصريين؟ هذه أسئلة
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+371
+00:34:12,030 --> 00:34:17,290
+نحاول أن نتعرف عليها من خلال هذا الرجل وهذا الكتاب
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+372
+00:34:18,730 --> 00:34:21,750
+هي أخواتنا من الأخوات اللي مشاركونا هتفضل الأخت
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+373
+00:34:21,750 --> 00:34:26,330
+مصر بذاتها صلة بأوروبا أكثر من الشرق يعتبر مصر
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+374
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+صلتها بأوروبا أكثر من الشرق من أين هذه الصلة
+
+375
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+جغرافيا ولا تاريخيا ولا جغرافيا ولا تاريخ تفضل
+
+376
+00:34:37,050 --> 00:34:40,490
+الثقافة المصرية جزء من الثقافة الغربية الأوروبية
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+377
+00:34:40,490 --> 00:34:44,730
+أيضا من أين هذه الثقافة بدخل مصر في الغرب فالمصر
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+
+379
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+هو المثل الأعلى الأوروبيوأين النظام الإسلامي
+
+380
+00:34:54,390 --> 00:34:59,970
+والمثل الإسلامي والمثال الأول لنا جميعا والقدوة
+
+381
+00:34:59,970 --> 00:35:04,810
+الأولى للمسلمين النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ومن
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+382
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+بعده خلفائه الراشدين واصحابه الكرام وليس هؤلاء
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+383
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+نماذج وقدوات واسوات لنا حتى يكون مثلنا الأعلى هو
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+الأوروبي الغربي الرجل الأبيض الذي يصف نفسه بهذا
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+385
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+الوصفثم أيضا دعى المصريين وهذا نتوقف عنده قليلا
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+386
+00:35:27,560 --> 00:35:32,800
+وربما ألمحنا لها أكثر من مرة دعى المصريين أن
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+يقتفوا سيرة الأوروبيين في كل شيء قال كلام كثير
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+388
+00:35:39,980 --> 00:35:43,980
+اقتضبنا منه هذه العبارة
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+389
+00:35:46,130 --> 00:35:50,690
+وهذه المقولة فبدنا واحدة من الأخوات تقرألنا إياها
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+390
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+391
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+يحسنوا
+
+392
+00:36:09,630 --> 00:36:14,550
+منها وما يعبوا بارك الله فيكإذا انظروا إلى هذا
+
+393
+00:36:14,550 --> 00:36:18,930
+القول وإلى هذه المقولة يا أخوان وتمعنوا فيها جيدا
+
+394
+00:36:18,930 --> 00:36:26,050
+في كل كلمة من كلماتها نجد الانبهار والاعجاب الشديد
+
+395
+00:36:26,050 --> 00:36:30,490
+بهذه الحضارة الغربية ودعوة إلى الارتماء الكامل في
+
+396
+00:36:30,490 --> 00:36:37,060
+أحضانه وإذا يتعينوا عليهم يجبمش يحبب ولا يدعو ولا
+
+397
+00:36:37,060 --> 00:36:42,640
+يفضل ولا .. يجب يتعين وإذا يتعين علينا أن نسير
+
+398
+00:36:42,640 --> 00:36:49,100
+سيرة الأوروبيين نقتضي بهم نحتضي يعني خطواتهم و
+
+399
+00:36:49,100 --> 00:36:53,440
+نسلك طريقهم إيش بيعملون نعمل زيهم نسير وراقهم
+
+400
+00:36:53,440 --> 00:36:57,520
+لنكون لهم أنبادا عشان نكون زينا زيهم و لنكون لهم
+
+401
+00:36:57,520 --> 00:37:05,130
+شركاء في الحضارةخيرها و شرها حلوها و مرها يعني لو
+
+402
+00:37:05,130 --> 00:37:09,450
+قال خيرها لكان نوعا ما مقبولا و نحن لا نخالف
+
+403
+00:37:09,450 --> 00:37:12,870
+بالخير لأن قبل قليل ذكرنا في الموقف الأول أن
+
+404
+00:37:12,870 --> 00:37:17,770
+الحكمة ضالت المؤمن أن وجدها فهو أحق ناسب أما أن
+
+405
+00:37:17,770 --> 00:37:23,370
+ناخد خيرها و شرهانأخذ الشر الذي عندهم هذه دعوة
+
+406
+00:37:23,370 --> 00:37:27,870
+صريحة إلى الأخذ بالشر و بالسوء و بالضلال و
+
+407
+00:37:27,870 --> 00:37:32,630
+بالانحراف الذي عليه الحضارة او ما يسمى بالحضارة
+
+408
+00:37:32,630 --> 00:37:38,490
+الغربية و حلوها و مرها كمان يعني حلو و مر و ما يحب
+
+409
+00:37:38,490 --> 00:37:44,900
+منها و ما يكرهيعني اجتماع كامل في أحضان الغرب وما
+
+410
+00:37:44,900 --> 00:37:48,280
+يحسن منها وما يعاب يعني هو بيعترف أنه في أشياء
+
+411
+00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:52,260
+عيوب فيها بس برضه بناخد العيوب بناخدها على عيوبها
+
+412
+00:37:52,260 --> 00:37:55,420
+يعني بيقولك أنا ماخدها على عيبها اه يعني هو يعرف
+
+413
+00:37:55,420 --> 00:38:00,020
+كالذي يشتري سلعتان ويقول له صاحبها دلبالة كان فيها
+
+414
+00:38:00,020 --> 00:38:03,660
+عيب كده بيقول أنا عارف بناخدها على عيبها فماخدها
+
+415
+00:38:03,660 --> 00:38:08,130
+وراض فيها وماخدها على عيبها وهو يعلم أنها معابةأو
+
+416
+00:38:08,130 --> 00:38:14,830
+معيبة فهل نقبل بهذه الحضارة الزائفة بخيرها وشرها
+
+417
+00:38:14,830 --> 00:38:20,250
+وحلوها ومرها وما يحسن منها وما يعاب هذا كلام يعني
+
+418
+00:38:20,250 --> 00:38:28,470
+لا يمكن ان يقبله مسلم يعرف اسلامه حق المعرفة وهذا
+
+419
+00:38:28,470 --> 00:38:33,110
+يعني يذكرنا بحديث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ولذلك
+
+420
+00:38:33,110 --> 00:38:40,670
+انا معلق عليه اللي في أوله من دعامن دعا إلى هدى
+
+421
+00:38:40,670 --> 00:38:46,970
+كان له من الأجر مثل أجور من تبيعه دون أن ينقص ذلك
+
+422
+00:38:46,970 --> 00:38:51,270
+من أجورهم شيء والعكس والمقابل ومن دعا إلى ضلالة
+
+423
+00:38:51,270 --> 00:38:55,030
+يدعو الناس إلى ضلالة كهذه الدعوة التي يدعوها طه
+
+424
+00:38:55,030 --> 00:39:00,750
+حسين إلى المصريين وعرب والمسلمين ومن دعا إلى ضلالة
+
+425
+00:39:00,750 --> 00:39:08,680
+كان عليه من الوذرمثل أوزار من تبعه، لا ينقص ذلك من
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+426
+00:39:08,680 --> 00:39:13,060
+أوزاره شيء، أوزارهم شيء، يعني مش اللي بياخد أوزار
+
+427
+00:39:13,060 --> 00:39:16,700
+و هم معاهمش، لأ بياخد نفس الأوزار تبعتهم اللي
+
+428
+00:39:16,700 --> 00:39:23,020
+بياخدوها هم، هم يتحملون هذه الأوزار وهو يتحمل أيضا
+
+429
+00:39:23,020 --> 00:39:30,880
+معاهم لأنه صاحب الدعوة والمحرض والداعي لهاالاتجاه
+
+430
+00:39:30,880 --> 00:39:33,980
+الثالث والموقف الثالث من مواقف المسلمين اتجاه
+
+431
+00:39:33,980 --> 00:39:38,360
+الحضارة الغربية يا أخوات هو اتجاه تطوير الإسلام
+
+432
+00:39:38,360 --> 00:39:45,000
+ومحاولة التوفيق بينه وبين الثقافة الغربية فمين هم
+
+433
+00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:49,400
+أنصار هذا الاتجاه؟ فيه طبعا عدة شخصيات هنا مذكورة
+
+434
+00:39:49,400 --> 00:39:54,480
+لو حاولنا أن نحصرها أولا ثم نتكلم عن ما هو موجود
+
+435
+00:39:54,480 --> 00:40:01,520
+يعني عن هذه الشخصياتمين تذكرنا أسماء هذه الشخصيات
+
+436
+00:40:01,520 --> 00:40:08,580
+المذكورة؟ فضل .. الشيخ محمد عبده .. بس واحد من
+
+437
+00:40:08,580 --> 00:40:16,920
+الكل .. فضل .. قاسم أمين .. علي عبد الرازقو ساعت
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+438
+00:40:16,920 --> 00:40:19,840
+زغلو يعني في الأربع دول ما احفظ أسماءهم طبعا هم
+
+439
+00:40:19,840 --> 00:40:23,580
+كثر لكن المذكور عندى كأمثلة و نمازج هم هؤلاء
+
+440
+00:40:23,580 --> 00:40:28,460
+الأربع و على رأسهم الشيخ محمد عبد و معروف هذا يعني
+
+441
+00:40:28,460 --> 00:40:32,340
+من شيوخ الأظهر من شيوخ العالم الإسلامي لكنه تورط
+
+442
+00:40:32,340 --> 00:40:38,700
+في هذه الورطة و يعني حاول أن يدعو إلى التوفيق بين
+
+443
+00:40:38,700 --> 00:40:43,070
+الإسلام و بينهالا يرفضها ولا يقبلها لكن يحاول أن
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+444
+00:40:43,070 --> 00:40:50,610
+يجمع بين الإسلام والثقافة الغربية بطريقة يعني مش
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+445
+00:40:50,610 --> 00:40:56,140
+مقبولة 100%يعني نحن نريد أن نجمع لكن ليس بالطريقة
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+446
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+اللي هو دعا إليها و هي تطوير الإسلام تطور الإسلام
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+447
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+نفسه و أطوع الإسلام و هذا يقتضي تغيير ما في
+
+448
+00:41:03,740 --> 00:41:08,320
+الأحكام و هذا التغيير غير مسموح فيه و س .. يعني
+
+449
+00:41:08,320 --> 00:41:12,320
+نتعرف على ذلك من خلال أفكاره التي نادى بيها فما هي
+
+450
+00:41:12,320 --> 00:41:17,800
+هذه الأفكار التي كان ينادي بيها هذا الشيخ فضل واحد
+
+451
+00:41:21,060 --> 00:41:25,520
+إذا بدأ بهذا الكلام إن الإسلام دين التطور والتجديد
+
+452
+00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:29,640
+صحيح في تجديد وفي تطور لكن مش تطور في العقيدة
+
+453
+00:41:29,640 --> 00:41:33,460
+العقيدة لا تتطور ليس هناك تطور في الأصول ليس هناك
+
+454
+00:41:33,460 --> 00:41:37,360
+تطور في الثوابط الأصول أصول والثوابط ثوابط والأسس
+
+455
+00:41:37,360 --> 00:41:42,640
+والتطوير في الحياة الاجتماعية المدنية المعيشية
+
+456
+00:41:42,640 --> 00:41:47,940
+الكذا مواكبة كل جديد كل حديثفالإسلام ليس ضد هذا
+
+457
+00:41:47,940 --> 00:41:50,820
+التجديد وهذا التطوير في هذا الجانب، لكن أن ندعو
+
+458
+00:41:50,820 --> 00:41:53,620
+إلى التطوير، تطوير الشرائع يعني، تطوير الأحكام،
+
+459
+00:41:53,620 --> 00:41:59,300
+تطوير العقائد، المبادئ، ما في هذه مجال للتطوير،
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+460
+00:41:59,300 --> 00:42:03,200
+أيضًا دعا إلى .. فضل الأخرى ..
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+461
+00:42:07,060 --> 00:42:11,700
+يعني هاجم التقليد اللي عليه البعض يعتبر أن هذا
+
+462
+00:42:11,700 --> 00:42:16,140
+تقليد والناس خايفة تتجدد وخايفة تبدع لأ بدنا نفتح
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+463
+00:42:16,140 --> 00:42:20,980
+باب الاجتهاد مرة أخرى ونطور الإسلام يعني نفس
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+464
+00:42:20,980 --> 00:42:27,680
+الدعوة الأولى بس فيها الجديد مهاجمة التقليد النقطة
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+465
+00:42:27,680 --> 00:42:35,250
+الثالثة فضل أختكمن حيث الحجاب وتعدد الزوجات وبدأ
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+466
+00:42:35,250 --> 00:42:41,310
+يجتهد في هذه المسائل المنصوص عليهااجتهاد اين يعني
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+467
+00:42:41,310 --> 00:42:44,450
+هذا الاجتهاد او ماء الجديد في موضوع الحجاب وتعدد
+
+468
+00:42:44,450 --> 00:42:47,910
+الزوجات لأن هذه أمور منصوص عليها في الشرع وأيضا
+
+469
+00:42:47,910 --> 00:42:53,450
+نادة بالوطنية والقومية وهي دعوات تجزيئية تجزئ
+
+470
+00:42:53,450 --> 00:42:57,350
+الأمة بدء أن تكون الوحدة الإسلامية والرابطة
+
+471
+00:42:57,350 --> 00:43:01,130
+الإسلامية دعا إلى الرابطة الوطنية والرابطة القومية
+
+472
+00:43:01,130 --> 00:43:05,770
+وهذه أشياء يعني تجزئ العالم الإسلامي وحنتحدث عنها
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+473
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+في وسائل التغريب لاحقا أيضاهناك داعية تحرير المرأة
+
+474
+00:43:12,180 --> 00:43:16,420
+وصف بهذا الوصف وهو مين قاسم أمين يعني هذا صاحب
+
+475
+00:43:16,420 --> 00:43:21,240
+الوصف قاسم أمين داعية تحرير المرأة وشخصيات أخرى
+
+476
+00:43:21,240 --> 00:43:24,560
+مثل علي عبد الرازق وساعد زغلول وغيرهم وهؤلاء كانوا
+
+477
+00:43:24,560 --> 00:43:30,720
+دعاء الوطنية و القومية ويأخذوا النظام السياسي
+
+478
+00:43:30,720 --> 00:43:35,960
+الغربي حتى إن ال lord cromerالمعتمد البريطاني في
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+479
+00:43:35,960 --> 00:43:41,280
+مصر سبق ذكره قبل قليل مدح أصحاب هذا الاتجاه خاصة
+
+480
+00:43:41,280 --> 00:43:46,280
+شيخ محمد عبدو وشبهه بأحمد خان في الهند لأنه كانت
+
+481
+00:43:46,280 --> 00:43:49,760
+بريطانيا بتحكم الهند في ذلك الوقت وأعجبت بشخصية
+
+482
+00:43:49,760 --> 00:43:54,220
+أحمد خان فاعتبروا الشيخ محمد عبدو على نفس الطريق
+
+483
+00:43:54,220 --> 00:43:59,680
+ومنهج ومنوال طب احنا عشان الاتجاه الرابعبدو شوية
+
+484
+00:43:59,680 --> 00:44:04,160
+شرح و استطراد و بدنا ناخد يعني أرائكوا فيه فبنرجعه
+
+485
+00:44:04,160 --> 00:44:07,720
+ان شاء الله إلى المحاضرة القادمة ان شاء الله تعالى
+
+486
+00:44:07,720 --> 00:44:10,040
+و الله يعطيكم العافية و برك الله فيك
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZZ8ASUiLEKVKvwcEdfmB_y/Gzqrxi-FwBM_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,972 @@
+1
+00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:09,400
+الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف
+
+2
+00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:15,300
+الخلق وسيد المرسلين سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه
+
+3
+00:00:15,300 --> 00:00:20,100
+أجمعين اللهم لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت
+
+4
+00:00:20,100 --> 00:00:24,580
+العليم الحكيم اللهم علمنا ما ينفعنا وانفعنا بما
+
+5
+00:00:24,580 --> 00:00:30,200
+علمتنا وازدنا علمة آمين يا رب العالمين أما بعدقد
+
+6
+00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:34,240
+تحدثنا في المحاضرة الماضية عن واقع العالم الإسلامي
+
+7
+00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:40,060
+الجغرافي والاقتصادي وفي محاضرة اليوم نكمل الحديث
+
+8
+00:00:40,060 --> 00:00:44,960
+عن واقع العالم الإسلامي بالحديث عن الواقع السياسي
+
+9
+00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:51,420
+للعالم الإسلامي ونبدأ الحديثفي الواقع السياسي
+
+10
+00:00:51,420 --> 00:00:57,660
+للعالم الإسلامي عن حادث وحدث أليم وقع في مطلع هذا
+
+11
+00:00:57,660 --> 00:01:02,500
+القرن اللي هو إلغاء الخلافة الإسلامية التي كانت
+
+12
+00:01:02,500 --> 00:01:08,020
+تجمع شملة المسلمينوترهب عدو الله وعدو المسلمين
+
+13
+00:01:08,020 --> 00:01:14,580
+وبعد إلغائها وسقوطها بل واسقاطها تم تقسيم بلاد
+
+14
+00:01:14,580 --> 00:01:19,320
+المسلمين بين الحلفاء المنتصرين في الحرب العالمية
+
+15
+00:01:19,320 --> 00:01:24,200
+الأولى بريطانيا وفرنسا وإيطالياوبعد أن رحل
+
+16
+00:01:24,200 --> 00:01:29,720
+الاستعمار العسكري عن بلاد المسلمين لم يتركها بغير
+
+17
+00:01:29,720 --> 00:01:36,000
+نفوذ له بل جعل ورائه حكاما كانوا أشد منه على
+
+18
+00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:44,810
+الشعوب ظلما وقهرا وهذا أولئك الحكاموأنظمة الحكم في
+
+19
+00:01:44,810 --> 00:01:49,810
+ظل هؤلاء الحُكّام تعدت كثيرًا عن جوهر النظام
+
+20
+00:01:49,810 --> 00:01:56,670
+السياسي الإسلامي فهذه ثلاثة أمور حدثت في الواقع
+
+21
+00:01:56,670 --> 00:02:02,290
+السياسي للعالم الإسلاميوهي غيبة الخلافة الإسلامية
+
+22
+00:02:02,290 --> 00:02:08,270
+والبعد عن جوهر النظام السياسي الإسلامي والأمر
+
+23
+00:02:08,270 --> 00:02:13,250
+الثالث الاستعمار الجديد والحروب الصليبية الجديدة
+
+24
+00:02:13,250 --> 00:02:18,780
+وسنتحدث فقط عنأمرين من هذه الأمور الثلاثة الأمر
+
+25
+00:02:18,780 --> 00:02:22,920
+الأول والثاني غيبة الخلافة الإسلامية والبعد عن
+
+26
+00:02:22,920 --> 00:02:27,500
+جوهر النظام السياسي الإسلامي وأما الموضوع الثالث
+
+27
+00:02:27,500 --> 00:02:32,180
+فغير مقرر وهو الاستعمار الجديد والحروب الصليبية
+
+28
+00:02:33,410 --> 00:02:38,430
+نبدأ الحديث عن الأمر الأول من الأمور الثلاثة التي
+
+29
+00:02:38,430 --> 00:02:43,830
+حدثت في واقع العالم الإسلامي اللي هو غيبة الخلافة
+
+30
+00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:48,950
+الإسلامية وقبل الحديث عن غيبة الخلافة الإسلامية
+
+31
+00:02:48,950 --> 00:02:55,470
+وما تبعها من آثار على الواقع الإسلامي نتحدث عن
+
+32
+00:02:55,470 --> 00:03:00,570
+أهمية الخلافة أهمية الخلافة بالنسبة للمسلمينبعد
+
+33
+00:03:00,570 --> 00:03:05,190
+وفاة الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام انشغل المسلمون
+
+34
+00:03:05,190 --> 00:03:12,010
+بتنصيب الخليفة والإمام قبل أن يدفنوا رسول الله صلى
+
+35
+00:03:12,010 --> 00:03:16,550
+الله عليه وسلم وهذا يدل على اهتمام المسلمين بهذا
+
+36
+00:03:16,550 --> 00:03:20,950
+الأمر حيث اجتمعوا في سقيفة بني ساعدة وأجمعوا على
+
+37
+00:03:20,950 --> 00:03:27,290
+اختيار أبي بكر خليفة للمسلمين ما هي الخلافة؟ما
+
+38
+00:03:27,290 --> 00:03:31,290
+المقصود بالخلافة الخلافة هناك تعريفات كثيرة لها من
+
+39
+00:03:31,290 --> 00:03:37,730
+هذه التعريفات أنها خلافة عن صاحب الشرع وهو النبي
+
+40
+00:03:37,730 --> 00:03:41,930
+صلى الله عليه وسلم خلافة عن صاحب الشرع في حراسة
+
+41
+00:03:41,930 --> 00:03:47,750
+الدين وسيا��ة الدنيا الخليفة دوره أن يحرص الدين
+
+42
+00:03:47,750 --> 00:03:53,560
+ويقود المسلمين في أمور الدنياوفي تعريف أخر للخلافة
+
+43
+00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:59,140
+بأنها الإمامة الموضوعة لخلافة النبوة في حراسة
+
+44
+00:03:59,140 --> 00:04:05,560
+الدين وسياسة الدنيا يعني معظم التعريفات تدور حول
+
+45
+00:04:05,560 --> 00:04:11,120
+هذين الأمرين حراسة الدين وسياسة الدنيا وقد بقيت
+
+46
+00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:15,820
+الخلافة الإسلامية تظل المسلمين أكثر من ألف عام وهي
+
+47
+00:04:15,820 --> 00:04:22,340
+تقيم حكم الله وشرع اللهوعندما آلت الخلافة إلى آل
+
+48
+00:04:22,340 --> 00:04:26,020
+عثمان وهم الأتراك حملوها أكثر من خمسمائة عام
+
+49
+00:04:26,020 --> 00:04:31,360
+وأرهبوا في تلك الحقبة التاريخية أرهبوا أعداء الله
+
+50
+00:04:31,360 --> 00:04:37,180
+في الشرق والغربوبالتالي تجمع على هذه الخلافة
+
+51
+00:04:37,180 --> 00:04:42,000
+وهؤلاء الخلفاء الأتراك تجمع عليها الأعداء وتأمروا
+
+52
+00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:52,380
+عليها وأصبح شغلهم الشاغل هو هذا هذه الخلافة وكيف
+
+53
+00:04:52,380 --> 00:04:56,560
+يقضون عليه أصبح يؤرقوا ماذا الأمر حتى سموا هذا
+
+54
+00:04:56,560 --> 00:05:02,600
+الأمر بالمسألة الشرقيةويقصدون بها الخلافة
+
+55
+00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:08,940
+العثمانية التركية وكيف يقضون عليها لأنه
+
+56
+00:05:08,940 --> 00:05:13,480
+عندما ضعفت قوة الدولة العثمانية طمع الأعداء فيها
+
+57
+00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:21,060
+فبقوا يبحثوا كيف يقضون عليها وينهونها فانتقلوا بعد
+
+58
+00:05:21,060 --> 00:05:25,700
+ذلك في بحث المسألة الشرقية إلى كيف يقضون على ما
+
+59
+00:05:25,700 --> 00:05:31,490
+أسموه الرجل المريضأطلقوا اسم الراجل المريض على آخر
+
+60
+00:05:31,490 --> 00:05:38,070
+عهد الخلافة العثمانية التركية عندما ضعفت ووهنت
+
+61
+00:05:38,070 --> 00:05:41,270
+وبعد
+
+62
+00:05:41,270 --> 00:05:46,510
+غياب الخلافة الإسلامية الأخيرة عن بلاد المسلمين
+
+63
+00:05:46,510 --> 00:05:50,390
+وعن العالم الإسلامي وعن الواقع السياسي
+
+64
+00:05:53,060 --> 00:06:01,980
+كان لها أثار كبيرة ومدمرة على حياة المسلمين وفي
+
+65
+00:06:01,980 --> 00:06:06,780
+واقعهم السياسي فبغياب الدولة الإسلامية غاب الحكم
+
+66
+00:06:06,780 --> 00:06:12,390
+بشرع الله تعالىوبغيابها غابت المظلة التي تضل
+
+67
+00:06:12,390 --> 00:06:17,890
+المسلمين وتجمعهم وتجمع شملهم في وحدة حقيقية قائمة
+
+68
+00:06:17,890 --> 00:06:23,210
+على وحدة العقيدة والدين والإيمان أيضا بغياب
+
+69
+00:06:23,210 --> 00:06:28,350
+الخلافة الإسلامية التركية غابت الدولة التي كانت
+
+70
+00:06:28,350 --> 00:06:33,530
+ترهب اليهود وأعداء الله في الشرق والغرب الذين
+
+71
+00:06:33,530 --> 00:06:39,530
+كانوا يحسبون لها الف حسابوأيضا بغيابها غابت الدولة
+
+72
+00:06:39,530 --> 00:06:44,790
+التي عرف اليهود أنه لا سبيل لهم إلى احتلال فلسطين
+
+73
+00:06:44,790 --> 00:06:51,090
+إلا بالقضاء عليها ولذلك ساهموا وساعدوا وشاركوا في
+
+74
+00:06:51,090 --> 00:06:58,790
+القضاء على هذه الخلافةماذا حدث بعد سقوط الخلافة؟
+
+75
+00:06:58,790 --> 00:07:02,890
+بعد سقوطها أو إسقاطها أصح أن نقول إسقاطها لأنها لم
+
+76
+00:07:02,890 --> 00:07:06,810
+تسقط من ذاتها بل هم عملوا على إسقاطها الأعداء
+
+77
+00:07:06,810 --> 00:07:13,650
+تحالفوا على إسقاطها توزعت تركت الرجل المريض الذي
+
+78
+00:07:13,650 --> 00:07:19,800
+أطلقوا على الخلافة هذا الوصف الرجل المريضففي
+
+79
+00:07:19,800 --> 00:07:24,580
+العادة لما يموت الإنسان توزع تركته فشبهه بالرجل
+
+80
+00:07:24,580 --> 00:07:31,200
+المريض الذي مات وانتهى وبالتالي بدأ توزيع تركته
+
+81
+00:07:31,200 --> 00:07:34,900
+فوزعوا هذه التركة بين دول الاستعمار فرنسا
+
+82
+00:07:34,900 --> 00:07:39,380
+وبريطانيا وإيطاليا كما قلنا سابقا ليتم لهم بعد ذلك
+
+83
+00:07:39,380 --> 00:07:44,900
+التمهيد لقيام ما يسمى ويعرف بدولة إسرائيل
+
+84
+00:07:47,520 --> 00:07:53,580
+وحينما ارتأت الصهيونية والصليبية وهم حلف أصبحوا
+
+85
+00:07:53,580 --> 00:07:58,720
+حلفا واحدا صهيونية مع الصليبية لما ارتأوا ان ترحل
+
+86
+00:07:58,720 --> 00:08:03,500
+جنود الاحتلال الغربي الأجنبي أقاموا محلة .. محلة
+
+87
+00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:08,560
+هذه أو هذا الاحتلال أو هذا الاستعمار أقاموا من
+
+88
+00:08:08,560 --> 00:08:14,720
+يقوم بنفس الدور لكن بغير خسائر لهم من أرواح ودماء
+
+89
+00:08:14,720 --> 00:08:19,240
+وغرب عن الأوطان وبأداء أفضل من أداء الاحتلال
+
+90
+00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:20,080
+الأجنبي نفسه
+
+91
+00:08:24,380 --> 00:08:30,200
+ورغم غياب الخلافة الإسلامية عن العالم الإسلامي
+
+92
+00:08:30,200 --> 00:08:35,920
+فلازالت موجودة في العالم الإسلامي عناصر قوة وهي
+
+93
+00:08:35,920 --> 00:08:43,240
+عديدة فلبد من التركيز عليها والاهتمام بها رغم وجود
+
+94
+00:08:43,240 --> 00:08:49,180
+أيضًا عناصر ضعف يجب التغلب عليها فمن أهم عناصر
+
+95
+00:08:49,180 --> 00:08:57,060
+القوة التييمكن للمسلمين يستغلوها ويركزوا عليها
+
+96
+00:08:57,060 --> 00:09:05,020
+ويهتموا بها ويعيدوا من خلالها مجد الدولة والخلافة
+
+97
+00:09:05,020 --> 00:09:13,500
+مرة أخرى أهم هذه العناصر القوة هي قوة العقيدة قوة
+
+98
+00:09:13,500 --> 00:09:20,720
+الدين الإسلام بطبيعتهدين قوي ويدعو إلى القوة
+
+99
+00:09:20,720 --> 00:09:25,640
+والأخذ بالقوة والوحدة والتوحد فأهم عنصر من عناصر
+
+100
+00:09:25,640 --> 00:09:29,720
+القوة قوة العقيدة قوة الدين قوة الإسلام أيضا من
+
+101
+00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:33,300
+العناصر الكثرة العددية التي يتمتع بيها العالم
+
+102
+00:09:33,300 --> 00:09:38,300
+الإسلامي حوالي اتنين مليار مسلم اليوم عدد ليس
+
+103
+00:09:38,300 --> 00:09:41,870
+بقليلأيضًا من عناصر القوة الموقع الاستراتيجي
+
+104
+00:09:41,870 --> 00:09:47,470
+للعالم الإسلامي حيث يتمدد في ثلاث قارات ويطول على
+
+105
+00:09:47,470 --> 00:09:51,910
+أربع محيطات ويتحكم في سبع ممرات حيوية هذا الموقع
+
+106
+00:09:51,910 --> 00:09:56,070
+الاستراتيجي من عوامل قوة العالم الإسلامي أيضًا من
+
+107
+00:09:56,070 --> 00:10:00,390
+عوامل القوة الثروات الهائلة التي يتمتع بها العالم
+
+108
+00:10:00,390 --> 00:10:06,290
+الإسلامي من نفطه وغازه معادنه زراعه وغير ذلكومن
+
+109
+00:10:06,290 --> 00:10:10,830
+عوامل القوة أيضًا وعناصر القوة الحركات والجماعات
+
+110
+00:10:10,830 --> 00:10:16,370
+الإسلامية التي تغطي الساحات في العالم الإسلامي
+
+111
+00:10:16,370 --> 00:10:21,650
+أيضًا من عوامل القوة كذلك وعناصر القوة التراث
+
+112
+00:10:21,650 --> 00:10:26,950
+التاريخي الذي يشكل مادة فاعلة للتطلع للوحدة
+
+113
+00:10:26,950 --> 00:10:32,450
+الإسلامية في المستقبل لأن تراث تاريخي عظيمالقرآن
+
+114
+00:10:32,450 --> 00:10:39,950
+السنة التاريخي كل ذلك يجمع المسلمين ويوحدهم ومن
+
+115
+00:10:39,950 --> 00:10:45,370
+ذلك وحتة الثقافة ويشترك المسلمون في عناصر هذه
+
+116
+00:10:45,370 --> 00:10:50,570
+الثقافة كما قلنا من القرآن وسنة وأحكام ومعاملات
+
+117
+00:10:50,570 --> 00:10:54,950
+وأخلاق كل ذلك من التراث الإسلامي التاريخي الذي
+
+118
+00:10:54,950 --> 00:11:01,170
+يجمع بين المسلمين ويوحدهمأيضا من عناصر الوحدة
+
+119
+00:11:01,170 --> 00:11:05,950
+القوة بين المسلمين وعوامل القوة بينهم الروابط
+
+120
+00:11:05,950 --> 00:11:11,770
+المشتركة التي تجمع أفراد الأمة الإسلامية فنحن ننظر
+
+121
+00:11:11,770 --> 00:11:17,550
+إلى المسلمين على أنهم أمة واحدة مهما تعددت أجناسهم
+
+122
+00:11:17,550 --> 00:11:22,890
+وبيئاتهم ولغاتهم وألوانهم وأوطانهم إنما المؤمنون
+
+123
+00:11:22,890 --> 00:11:31,470
+أخو وإن هذه أمتكم أمة واحدةهذه عناصر القوة وفي
+
+124
+00:11:31,470 --> 00:11:37,790
+مقابلها هناك عناصر ضعف يعاني منها العالم الإسلامي
+
+125
+00:11:37,790 --> 00:11:44,590
+لابد من التخلص منها من أهم عناصر الضعف ضعف
+
+126
+00:11:44,590 --> 00:11:50,090
+الالتزام عموما للدين الإسلامي هناك متدينون وفي
+
+127
+00:11:50,090 --> 00:11:56,390
+المقابل هناك ناس غير ملتزمين بالدين كما يريد الله
+
+128
+00:11:56,390 --> 00:12:03,650
+ورسولهأيضًا من عوامل الضعف معاناة الأنظمة والنظم
+
+129
+00:12:03,650 --> 00:12:09,190
+الحاكمة من شتى صنوف الضعف الاقتصادي المالي السياسي
+
+130
+00:12:09,190 --> 00:12:16,830
+والتبعية للخارج فهم ليسوا أحرارًا في قراراتهم ومن
+
+131
+00:12:16,830 --> 00:12:20,290
+عوامل الضعف أيضًا وعناصر الضعف التخلف العلمي
+
+132
+00:12:20,290 --> 00:12:25,520
+والتكنولوجي إذا ما قارننا ذلك بالعالمالغربي و
+
+133
+00:12:25,520 --> 00:12:31,680
+الأوروبي و الأمريكا و أوروبا و اليابان و غيرها و
+
+134
+00:12:31,680 --> 00:12:34,700
+من هذه العوامل أيضا كثرت القلاقل و الفتن و
+
+135
+00:12:34,700 --> 00:12:42,960
+التحذبات و التجمعات و الطواقف هذا يضعف قوة
+
+136
+00:12:42,960 --> 00:12:48,520
+المسلمين ولا تنازعوا فتفشلوا و تذهب أريحكم أي
+
+137
+00:12:48,520 --> 00:12:54,130
+قوتكم التنازع والاختلافجماعات والتحذبات كل ذلك
+
+138
+00:12:54,130 --> 00:12:59,790
+يضعف المسلمين ومن ذلك أيضًا موجود بعض الأقليات
+
+139
+00:12:59,790 --> 00:13:03,690
+وهذه الأقليات في العادة كانت و لزالت تعمل كطابور
+
+140
+00:13:03,690 --> 00:13:11,190
+خامس يفتت صف المسلمين من الداخل ومن عوامل الضعف
+
+141
+00:13:11,190 --> 00:13:16,650
+أيضًا تقصير بعض التجمعات الإسلامية في أداء واجبها
+
+142
+00:13:16,650 --> 00:13:23,440
+الدعوي وحتى العلماءهناك تقصير واضح في أداء واجب
+
+143
+00:13:23,440 --> 00:13:31,080
+الدعوة وتوضيح الإسلام للناس من عواناصر وعوامل
+
+144
+00:13:31,080 --> 00:13:40,360
+الضعف أيضا فقدان الوحدة بين أقطار المسلمين فالعالم
+
+145
+00:13:40,360 --> 00:13:47,240
+الإسلامي اليوم موزعوبين أفكار شتى اشتراكية
+
+146
+00:13:47,240 --> 00:13:55,480
+ورقصمالية وديمقراطية ووطنية وقومية كل ذلك يفتت
+
+147
+00:13:55,480 --> 00:14:01,860
+ويضعف من قوة المسلمينأيضًا من العوامل الضعف الجهل
+
+148
+00:14:01,860 --> 00:14:07,320
+بالإسلام وعقائد الإسلام وأحكام الإسلام وفي مقابل
+
+149
+00:14:07,320 --> 00:14:11,660
+ذلك انتشار البدع والخرافات والمذاهب الهدامة كل ذلك
+
+150
+00:14:11,660 --> 00:14:17,510
+يضعف من قوة المسلمينومن العوامل أيضًا الهزيمة
+
+151
+00:14:17,510 --> 00:14:26,430
+النفسية لدى بعض المسلمين الذين شهدوا الاستعمار
+
+152
+00:14:26,430 --> 00:14:33,490
+والاحتلال وبعد إجلاء الاحتلال أو الاستعمار يصبح
+
+153
+00:14:33,490 --> 00:14:38,190
+هؤلاء يقارنوا بين ما كانوا عليه في ظل الاحتلال أو
+
+154
+00:14:38,190 --> 00:14:42,500
+الاستعمار وبين ما هم عليه اليوم في ظل الحكاموبعضهم
+
+155
+00:14:42,500 --> 00:14:47,080
+يتمنى لو بقى الاحتلال وبقى الاستعمار وهذه الهزيمة
+
+156
+00:14:47,080 --> 00:14:52,660
+النفسية المقصودة بها أيضًا من عوامل الضعف إبعاد
+
+157
+00:14:52,660 --> 00:14:57,240
+الإسلام عن المعركة كما قلنا في تمزق العالم
+
+158
+00:14:57,240 --> 00:15:02,840
+الإسلامي بين التكتلات والأحلافهناك رايات كثيرة
+
+159
+00:15:02,840 --> 00:15:10,000
+رفعت في معارك المسلمين غير الراية الإسلامية كما
+
+160
+00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:14,120
+قلنا الاشتراكية والرأسمالية والديمقراطية والقومية
+
+161
+00:15:14,120 --> 00:15:19,700
+والوطنية وأما الإسلام فكان بعيدا عن تلك المعارك
+
+162
+00:15:19,700 --> 00:15:24,160
+فهذا كان من عناصر الضعف للعالم الإسلامي
+
+163
+00:15:28,190 --> 00:15:34,460
+يبقى في عوامل قوة في عوامل ضعفيمكن من خلال عوامل
+
+164
+00:15:34,460 --> 00:15:41,180
+القوة نستنتج عو��مل وحدة العالم الإسلامي كيف يعود
+
+165
+00:15:41,180 --> 00:15:46,340
+العالم الإسلامي موحدا ما هي عوامل وحدة العالم
+
+166
+00:15:46,340 --> 00:15:52,100
+الإسلامي هناك عوامل كثيرة يمكن أن يتوحد عليها
+
+167
+00:15:52,100 --> 00:15:57,900
+العالم الإسلامي ويصبح كتلة واحدة موحدة على رأس هذه
+
+168
+00:15:57,900 --> 00:16:04,430
+العوامل اللي هو العامل الأقوى دائماالعقدي الروابط
+
+169
+00:16:04,430 --> 00:16:10,370
+الإيمانية التي تجمع بين كل المسلمين من الشرق إلى
+
+170
+00:16:10,370 --> 00:16:16,130
+الغرب فالمسلم أخ المسلم بغض النظر عن الجنسية
+
+171
+00:16:16,130 --> 00:16:22,070
+والموطن واللغة المسلم أخ المسلم وليس العربي فقط أخ
+
+172
+00:16:22,070 --> 00:16:27,180
+العربي أو التركي أخ التركيفلسطين أخ الفلسطيني أو
+
+173
+00:16:27,180 --> 00:16:31,520
+المصري أخ المصري، كل من هو مسلم هو أخ للمسلم، إنما
+
+174
+00:16:31,520 --> 00:16:36,620
+المؤمنون أخوة، هذا أكبر عامل، وأكبر جامع، وأكبر
+
+175
+00:16:36,620 --> 00:16:42,460
+رابط يمكن أن يوحد المسلمين الرابط والعامل العقدي،
+
+176
+00:16:42,460 --> 00:16:47,200
+أيضًا من عوامل وحدة العالم الإسلامي، وحدة التشريع،
+
+177
+00:16:47,200 --> 00:16:55,600
+الله تعالى شرعلنا شرائع وتشريعات وأحكامكفيلة بأن
+
+178
+00:16:55,600 --> 00:17:01,560
+تجمعنا وتوحدنا وهي تشمل الفرائض والأوامر والنواهي
+
+179
+00:17:01,560 --> 00:17:05,900
+والحدود وكل ما شرعه الله من عوامل وحدة العالم
+
+180
+00:17:05,900 --> 00:17:13,820
+الإسلامي أيضا وحدة الغاية للإنسان غايةخلقه الله
+
+181
+00:17:13,820 --> 00:17:18,280
+تعالى من أجلها لو هي عبادة الله تعالى، هذه غاية
+
+182
+00:17:18,280 --> 00:17:24,180
+واحدة موحدة يمكن أن تجمع المسلمين وتوحدهم لأن
+
+183
+00:17:24,180 --> 00:17:29,480
+غايتهم واحدة هي عبادة الله تعالى والخلافة في الأرض
+
+184
+00:17:30,500 --> 00:17:33,440
+من عوامل وحدة العالم الإسلامي أيضًا العامل
+
+185
+00:17:33,440 --> 00:17:38,200
+الجغرافي فمعظم دول العالم الإسلامي يعني يقع في
+
+186
+00:17:38,200 --> 00:17:44,540
+قارتين آسيا وأفريقيا يعني حدود متصلة بعضها ببعض
+
+187
+00:17:44,540 --> 00:17:50,040
+ويبلغ عدد هذه الدول حوالي سبعة وخمسين دولة وكل
+
+188
+00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:54,380
+أرضها متصلة كما قلنا بعضها ببعض من عوامل وحدة
+
+189
+00:17:54,380 --> 00:17:59,010
+العالم الإسلامي أيضًا التاريخ والتراثفهذه الأمة
+
+190
+00:17:59,010 --> 00:18:03,530
+الأمة الإسلامية لها تاريخ مشترك وتوراث اشتركت فيه
+
+191
+00:18:03,530 --> 00:18:09,450
+كل القوميات الموجودة في العالم الإسلامي أيضًا منطق
+
+192
+00:18:09,450 --> 00:18:17,070
+العصريفرض على العالم الإسلامي أن يتوحد فالآن منطق
+
+193
+00:18:17,070 --> 00:18:22,290
+العصر هو الوحدة والتوحد كل دول العالم اليوم أو
+
+194
+00:18:22,290 --> 00:18:27,050
+معظم وأكثر دول العالم اليوم موحدة فيما بينها قديما
+
+195
+00:18:27,050 --> 00:18:32,610
+كان الاتحاد السوفيتي اليوم الولايات المتحدة
+
+196
+00:18:32,610 --> 00:18:40,080
+الأمريكية الاتحاد الأوروبيالأمم المتحدة كل هؤلاء
+
+197
+00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:44,820
+موحدون إلا العالم الإسلامي فمنطق العصر يفرض على
+
+198
+00:18:44,820 --> 00:18:51,340
+العالم الإسلامي اليوم أن يتوحد الله تعالى يدعونا
+
+199
+00:18:51,340 --> 00:18:58,280
+ويأمرنا ويحثنا على أن نتوحد وننظر إلى أعدائنا كيف
+
+200
+00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:05,430
+هم موحدون فلنكن مثلهمقال الله تعالى والذين كفروا
+
+201
+00:19:05,430 --> 00:19:10,710
+بعضهم أولياء بعض الكفار اليوم بيوالوا بعض قديما
+
+202
+00:19:10,710 --> 00:19:15,770
+وحديثا إلا تفعلوه إذا لم تفعلوا يا مسلمين هذا
+
+203
+00:19:15,770 --> 00:19:21,470
+الأمر إلا تفعلوه تكون فتنة في الأرض وفساد كبير
+
+204
+00:19:21,470 --> 00:19:26,090
+فالمنطق اليوم يقول بأنه يجب أن يتوحد العالم
+
+205
+00:19:26,090 --> 00:19:30,860
+الإسلامي كما هو حال العالم كلهأيضا من عوامل وحدة
+
+206
+00:19:30,860 --> 00:19:36,720
+العالم الإسلامي المصالح المشتركة هناك مصالح كثيرة
+
+207
+00:19:36,720 --> 00:19:42,220
+عليا مشتركة للدول الإسلامية وهي نشر الإسلام
+
+208
+00:19:42,220 --> 00:19:45,920
+والثقافة الإسلامية وأسلمت المؤسسات والدوائر
+
+209
+00:19:45,920 --> 00:19:50,440
+الرسمية هذه مصلحة مشتركة يجب أن تجمع المسلمين
+
+210
+00:19:50,440 --> 00:19:58,150
+وتوحدهم أيضا هناك عدو مشتركيتربص بالمسلمين و يكيد
+
+211
+00:19:58,150 --> 00:20:03,870
+ليلا و نهارا و هم اليهود و النصارى و من و لاهم و
+
+212
+00:20:03,870 --> 00:20:08,670
+هؤلاء لن يرضوا عنا كما قال الله تعالى و لن ترضى
+
+213
+00:20:08,670 --> 00:20:14,430
+عنك اليهود و لا النصارى حتى تتبعملة وقال أيضا و لا
+
+214
+00:20:14,430 --> 00:20:19,930
+يزالون يقاتلونكم حتى يردوكم عن دينكم إن استطاعوا
+
+215
+00:20:19,930 --> 00:20:25,350
+هذا العدو المشترك يفرض علينا أن نتوحد في مواجهته
+
+216
+00:20:30,350 --> 00:20:39,350
+من هذا الأمر الأول من الأمرين اللذين قلنا
+
+217
+00:20:39,350 --> 00:20:44,230
+سنتحدث عنهما فيما يخص الواقع السياسي للعالم
+
+218
+00:20:44,230 --> 00:20:47,710
+الإسلامي تحدثنا عن الأمر الأول وهو غيبة الخلافة
+
+219
+00:20:47,710 --> 00:20:51,910
+الإسلامية الأمر الثاني البعد عن جوهر النظام
+
+220
+00:20:51,910 --> 00:20:57,430
+الإسلامي السياسي وله صور عديدةما هي هذه الصور
+
+221
+00:20:57,430 --> 00:21:01,430
+الصور البعد عن النظام الإسلامي من هذه الصور عدم
+
+222
+00:21:01,430 --> 00:21:09,710
+التطبيق للشريع الإسلامي أو التطبيق الجزئي لها ففي
+
+223
+00:21:09,710 --> 00:21:14,170
+الصورة الأولى قد يكتفى معها بشعار العلم والإيمان
+
+224
+00:21:14,850 --> 00:21:22,030
+ولا داعي لتطبيق الشريعة لأننا في عصر العلم ولسنا
+
+225
+00:21:22,030 --> 00:21:26,590
+بحاجة إلى تطبيق الشريعة وإذا ما أطبق في الصورة
+
+226
+00:21:26,590 --> 00:21:32,190
+الثانية فالتطبيق يكون جزءي وفي مجال الأحوال
+
+227
+00:21:32,190 --> 00:21:37,670
+الشخصية فقط التي تشمل الزواج والطلاق والميراث أما
+
+228
+00:21:37,670 --> 00:21:44,180
+معادة ذلك وباقي الأمور التشريعيةفليس للإسلامي فيها
+
+229
+00:21:44,180 --> 00:21:52,080
+دور إسلام معطل معزول فصل الدين بهذه الأحكام الأخرى
+
+230
+00:21:52,080 --> 00:21:57,580
+عن الدولة بل و عن الحياة كلها فهذا يمثل البعد عن
+
+231
+00:21:57,580 --> 00:22:02,610
+جوهر النظام الإسلامي الذي نتحدث عنهأيضًا من صور
+
+232
+00:22:02,610 --> 00:22:07,410
+البعد عن النظام الإسلامي بعد الأمة عن أن تكون أمة
+
+233
+00:22:07,410 --> 00:22:14,770
+الإسلام في وحدتها كما قلنا في استمساكها في تمسكها
+
+234
+00:22:14,770 --> 00:22:21,350
+بدينها أيضًا الأمة اليوم فرقة مشتتة لا يجمعها كيان
+
+235
+00:22:21,350 --> 00:22:26,870
+سياسي واحد ونظام سياسي واحد أيضًا من هذه الصور
+
+236
+00:22:26,870 --> 00:22:32,830
+صورة البعد بالسلطة عن شرعية الإسلاميعني أصبح
+
+237
+00:22:32,830 --> 00:22:39,750
+المسلمون يرضون ويقبلون بأي سلطة ولا يهمهم أن تكون
+
+238
+00:22:39,750 --> 00:22:47,130
+شرعية أو غير شرعية والواقع يعني يشهد بهذا الأمر
+
+239
+00:22:47,920 --> 00:22:54,240
+بهذا نكون قد انتهينا من الحديث عن العالم الإسلامي
+
+240
+00:22:54,240 --> 00:22:59,680
+وواقع العالم الإسلامي بالأمور والجوانب الثلاثة
+
+241
+00:22:59,680 --> 00:23:07,180
+الجغرافي والاقتصادي والسياسي المحاضرة القادمة ان
+
+242
+00:23:07,180 --> 00:23:12,160
+شاء الله ستكون حول الأقليات المسلمة في العالم
+
+243
+00:23:12,160 --> 00:23:16,580
+الإسلامي والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZZ8ASUiLEKVKvwcEdfmB_y/NvwrMRqlo3Q.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1394 @@
+
+1
+00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:24,280
+الحمد لله يا رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف
+
+2
+00:00:24,280 --> 00:00:29,400
+الخلق وسيد المرسلين سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه
+
+3
+00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:33,720
+أجمعين اللهم لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت
+
+4
+00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:38,860
+العليم والحكيم اللهم علمنا ما ينفعنا وانفعنا بما
+
+5
+00:00:38,860 --> 00:00:43,600
+علمتنا وازيدنا علم أمين يا رب العالمين أما بعد
+
+6
+00:00:43,600 --> 00:00:47,540
+نتحدث عن خطة تغيير
+
+7
+00:00:49,880 --> 00:00:53,440
+الحروب الصليبية الفترة الاعتمادها الصليبيون بديلا
+
+8
+00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:57,900
+عن الحروب الصليبية والتي غيروا فيها فتتهم بدل
+
+9
+00:00:57,900 --> 00:01:04,080
+الغزو العسكري إلى ما يعرف بالغزو الفكري سنتكلم عن
+
+10
+00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:09,660
+ذلك ونتعرف على معنى الغزو الفكري واهداف الغزو
+
+11
+00:01:09,660 --> 00:01:16,420
+الفكري ووسائل الغزو الفكريثم نسأل سؤالا قبل ذلك
+
+12
+00:01:16,420 --> 00:01:20,960
+وقبل الخوض في الغزو الفكري هذا السؤال يقول هل
+
+13
+00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:27,200
+الحروب الصليبية انتهت ام لم تنتهي وسنعرف الجواب
+
+14
+00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:35,980
+أيضا لاحقا عن هذا السؤال ونأخذ العراق نموذجا للغزو
+
+15
+00:01:35,980 --> 00:01:45,160
+العسكري الجديد للصليبيين الجدددعونا نبدأ الحديث عن
+
+16
+00:01:45,160 --> 00:01:50,820
+الموالاة بين الصليبية والمغول المغول التتار الذين
+
+17
+00:01:50,820 --> 00:01:55,880
+جاءوا إلى البلاد الإسلامية في سنة ستمائة وستة
+
+18
+00:01:55,880 --> 00:02:01,760
+وخمسين للهجرة كان هجومهم على العالم الإسلامي بعد
+
+19
+00:02:01,760 --> 00:02:06,080
+الهجوم الصليبي المعروف في القرن الحادي عشر أو
+
+20
+00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:11,320
+بداية القرن الحادي عشرحيث استطاع المغول بعد دخولهم
+
+21
+00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:17,220
+للبلدان الإسلامية بالتعاون مع الشيعة الاستيلاء على
+
+22
+00:02:17,220 --> 00:02:22,680
+بغداد ونشروا فيها الخراب والدمار وقتلوا فيها مئات
+
+23
+00:02:22,680 --> 00:02:26,980
+الآلاف بعض العلماء أوصل العدد إلى مليون او اثنين
+
+24
+00:02:26,980 --> 00:02:33,020
+اثنين يعني اتنين مليون مسلم قتل على يد هؤلاء
+
+25
+00:02:33,020 --> 00:02:39,610
+المغول التتارفي تلك الفترة التاريخية عقد حلف
+
+26
+00:02:39,610 --> 00:02:45,510
+واتفاق وموالاة بين الصليبيين المهزومين الذين هزموا
+
+27
+00:02:45,510 --> 00:02:49,590
+في الحروب الصليبية وبين المغول الذين لم يكن لهم
+
+28
+00:02:49,590 --> 00:02:52,170
+دين وإنما كانوا على الوثنية
+
+29
+00:02:54,030 --> 00:02:57,110
+وهذا الحلف و هذه الموالاة كانت بهدف القضاء على
+
+30
+00:02:57,110 --> 00:03:02,370
+الإسلام والمسلمين وهذه قاعدة نلحظها مطردة في كل
+
+31
+00:03:02,370 --> 00:03:07,350
+زمان ومكان أن أعداء الإسلام يتحالفون ويوالي بعضهم
+
+32
+00:03:07,350 --> 00:03:13,300
+بعضا إذا كان الخصم والعدو أمامهم منالاسلام
+
+33
+00:03:13,300 --> 00:03:18,660
+والمسلمين نجدوا هم موحدين يتحدون مع الخلافات اللتي
+
+34
+00:03:18,660 --> 00:03:23,400
+بينهم إلا أنهم يتحدون إذا كان عدوهم المشترك هو
+
+35
+00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:28,560
+المسلمون وهذا الحلف وهذه الموالدة كانت ترجع إلى
+
+36
+00:03:28,560 --> 00:03:32,760
+علاقات طيبة و علاقات مودة كانت بين الصليبيين
+
+37
+00:03:32,760 --> 00:03:34,460
+والمغول
+
+38
+00:03:36,590 --> 00:03:41,110
+حدثت هناك معارك و كما جاهد المسلمون و قاوموا
+
+39
+00:03:41,110 --> 00:03:46,190
+الحروب الصلبية كذلك تصدوا للمغول و للتاتار و للغزو
+
+40
+00:03:46,190 --> 00:03:49,990
+التتري المغولي على بلاد المسلمين فوقعت هناك معارك
+
+41
+00:03:49,990 --> 00:03:58,780
+كان منها معركة عينجلوت الفاصلةفي فلسطين و تحديدا
+
+42
+00:03:58,780 --> 00:04:04,500
+في بيسان احدى مدن فلسطين المحتلة في ��مسة و عشرين
+
+43
+00:04:04,500 --> 00:04:07,900
+رمضان سنة ستمائة و تمانية و خمسين للهجرة هذه
+
+44
+00:04:07,900 --> 00:04:15,400
+الوقعة او المعركة غيرت الموازين بعد ان كانت لصالح
+
+45
+00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:19,400
+التتار والمغول اصبحت هذه الموازين و هذه القوة
+
+46
+00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:23,700
+لصالح المسلمين بعد انحاق المسلمين للهزيمة الساحقة
+
+47
+00:04:23,700 --> 00:04:30,430
+بالمغولللصليبين .. للصليبيين حتى لو فكروا مرة أخرى
+
+48
+00:04:30,430 --> 00:04:37,500
+أن يأتوا للبلاد الإسلاميةمن هنا بدأ التفكير
+
+49
+00:04:37,500 --> 00:04:45,840
+والتخطيب لتغيير خطة الغزاء الصليبيين الحاقدين على
+
+50
+00:04:45,840 --> 00:04:49,300
+الإسلام بعد أن فشلوا في الحروب الصليبية العسكرية
+
+51
+00:04:49,300 --> 00:04:53,720
+وبعد أن منوا بالهزيمة فكروا في بديل آخر ماذا
+
+52
+00:04:53,720 --> 00:04:59,660
+يفعلون؟ فسنرى الآن كان قائد الصليبيين او المرجع
+
+53
+00:05:00,290 --> 00:05:05,630
+للصليبيين وقلنا في حركة الإحياء الديني عادت هذه
+
+54
+00:05:05,630 --> 00:05:09,850
+الحركة الدور للكنيسة و لرجال الكنيسة و بابوات
+
+55
+00:05:09,850 --> 00:05:15,430
+الكنيسة كان المرجع في ذلك الوقت البابا سلسلتين
+
+56
+00:05:15,430 --> 00:05:24,910
+الخامس و عرض عليه أحد أمرين أو أحد خطتين عرضت عليه
+
+57
+00:05:24,910 --> 00:05:33,790
+خطتينو سنرى من من الخطتين قبلها قبل ذلك نعرف ما هي
+
+58
+00:05:33,790 --> 00:05:39,230
+او ما هما الخطتين اللتان عرضتها على هذا الباب
+
+59
+00:05:39,230 --> 00:05:47,070
+الخطة الاولى كانت المعروضة .. فضله .. رامون
+
+60
+00:05:47,070 --> 00:05:53,710
+لول اسمه .. نعم اذا كان معروض عليه خطة تبشير من
+
+61
+00:05:53,710 --> 00:06:00,980
+قبل احد ال ..مبشري هو رامون لول في بعض المرايج
+
+62
+00:06:00,980 --> 00:06:04,980
+تقول ريمون لول ريمون لول يعني في الترجمة بتختلف
+
+63
+00:06:04,980 --> 00:06:08,520
+بعض الحروف هو نفسه سيومور معناه يعني اسمه ريمون
+
+64
+00:06:08,520 --> 00:06:12,760
+لول هو نفسه هذا رامون لول تتلخص هذه الخطة في غزو
+
+65
+00:06:12,760 --> 00:06:16,940
+المسلمين تبشيريا تبشيره بالدين النصران وغزوهم
+
+66
+00:06:16,940 --> 00:06:25,340
+فكريا وثقافيا فيما عرف بعد ذلك بالغزو الفكري الخطة
+
+67
+00:06:25,340 --> 00:06:29,650
+الثانيةاللي كانت معروضة عليهم .. فضل اللي بدنا
+
+68
+00:06:29,650 --> 00:06:32,470
+وجوه جديدة نوّه شوية .. فضل .. تنصير المغول
+
+69
+00:06:32,470 --> 00:06:35,950
+لتنييما استخدامه من جديد في قلوب مدامن التطالب
+
+70
+00:06:35,950 --> 00:06:39,130
+المسلمين وكان أيضا معروض عليه .. برك الله فيك ..
+
+71
+00:06:39,130 --> 00:06:44,110
+خطة أخرى أن يقوموا بتنصير المغول .. التطار يعني
+
+72
+00:06:44,110 --> 00:06:49,930
+جعلهم نصارى يدخلون في الدين النصراني المسيحي
+
+73
+00:06:49,930 --> 00:06:54,190
+المزعوم طبعا المحرف في ذلك الوقت فكانوا يطمعون في
+
+74
+00:06:54,190 --> 00:06:59,140
+..تنصير هؤلاء المغول حتى يكسبوهم إلى جانبهم لأنهم
+
+75
+00:06:59,140 --> 00:07:04,560
+كانوا قوة في ذلك الوقت عددا و عدة و عتاد و كانوا
+
+76
+00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:09,760
+متوحشين المغول و التطارف فقالوا لابد من أن نكسبهم
+
+77
+00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:15,140
+إلى جانبنا و نعتمد عليهم في حربنا القادمة ضد
+
+78
+00:07:15,140 --> 00:07:20,860
+المسلمين طيب أي الخطتين أو إلى أي الخطتين كان يميل
+
+79
+00:07:20,860 --> 00:07:22,140
+هذا البابا
+
+80
+00:07:25,950 --> 00:07:28,990
+ما هي الطريقة الثانية التي اعتمدها؟ اللي هي طريقة
+
+81
+00:07:28,990 --> 00:07:33,510
+اعتمد على الطريقة الثانية المعروضة عليه وهي تنصير
+
+82
+00:07:33,510 --> 00:07:39,530
+المغول جرب الطريقة الأولى وحاول ان يعني يسعى الى
+
+83
+00:07:39,530 --> 00:07:45,210
+تنصير المغول لكن الله سبحانه وتعالى أراد بالمغول
+
+84
+00:07:45,210 --> 00:07:51,830
+التتار ��يرا فقد دخلوا او دخل كثير منهم في الإسلام
+
+85
+00:07:51,830 --> 00:07:57,120
+قيل انه أسلوب قائد كبير لهمفتابعوه في الإسلام
+
+86
+00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:03,540
+ودخلوا في الإسلام فأفشل الله سبحانه وتعالى كيدة
+
+87
+00:08:03,540 --> 00:08:08,680
+الصليبيين وخطتهم في ذلك بعد فشل هذه الخطة عاود
+
+88
+00:08:08,680 --> 00:08:14,180
+البابا سلسلتين الخامس الأخذ بخطة رامون لول التي
+
+89
+00:08:14,180 --> 00:08:21,100
+تقوم على فكرة تبشير المسلمينفكريا وغزوهم فكريا
+
+90
+00:08:21,100 --> 00:08:26,320
+وتبشيرهم بهذا الدين وإخراجهم عن دينهم وتشكيكهم في
+
+91
+00:08:26,320 --> 00:08:32,540
+دينهم وهذا يحتاج إلى برنامج عمل كامل ومتكامل يقوم
+
+92
+00:08:32,540 --> 00:08:38,840
+على دراسةوفهم مضامين الفكر الإسلامي ومعرفة مواضع
+
+93
+00:08:38,840 --> 00:08:43,480
+القوة والضعف أين مواضع القوة فنعمل على إضعافها أين
+
+94
+00:08:43,480 --> 00:08:49,840
+مواضع الضعف فيهم فندخل من خلالها كمرحلة أولى ثم
+
+95
+00:08:49,840 --> 00:08:54,260
+محاولة نقض هذا الفكر بالتشكيك فيه والافتراض عليه
+
+96
+00:08:55,340 --> 00:09:00,500
+وبالتالي ضرب إرادة المقاومة عند المسلمين التي
+
+97
+00:09:00,500 --> 00:09:06,220
+تتمثل في دينهم وعقيدتهم هذه الإرادة الصلبة
+
+98
+00:09:06,220 --> 00:09:10,020
+الموجودة عند المسلمين يستمدها المسلمون من دينهم من
+
+99
+00:09:10,020 --> 00:09:16,000
+عقيدتهم إذا لابد من التشكيك في هذه العقيدة وفي هذا
+
+100
+00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:22,100
+الدين ومن هنا بدأتمواجهة جديدة ومرحلة جديدة بين
+
+101
+00:09:22,100 --> 00:09:25,740
+الصليبيين الحاقدين على الإسلام والمسلمين وبين
+
+102
+00:09:25,740 --> 00:09:30,660
+المسلمين فبعد أن كانت الحروب الصليبية العسكرية
+
+103
+00:09:30,660 --> 00:09:35,600
+والمواجهة العسكرية الآن اعتمدوا الخطة الثانية اللي
+
+104
+00:09:35,600 --> 00:09:39,880
+هي الأولى حسب الذكر وهي خطة تبشير المسلمين أو
+
+105
+00:09:39,880 --> 00:09:41,340
+غزوهم فكريا
+
+106
+00:09:43,770 --> 00:09:48,110
+نرجع للسؤال الذي سألناه في بداية محاضرتنا هل
+
+107
+00:09:48,110 --> 00:09:53,590
+الحروب والصليبية انتهت بعد هزيمة الصليبيين على يد
+
+108
+00:09:53,590 --> 00:09:57,330
+القائد البطل صلاح الدين بعد أنهي تلك الهزيمة عبر
+
+109
+00:09:57,330 --> 00:10:03,810
+حروب كثيرة وجهاد طويل خضوا المسلمون ام لم تنتهي
+
+110
+00:10:03,810 --> 00:10:07,770
+بعد الجواب بكلمة يعني انتهت او لم تنتهي بكلمة بدا
+
+111
+00:10:07,770 --> 00:10:15,900
+لم تنتهي بعد بدليل الواقعفي القرن التاسع عشر عادت
+
+112
+00:10:15,900 --> 00:10:22,360
+أوروبا من جديد للحروب الصليبية في شكل آخر في شكل
+
+113
+00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:30,740
+احتلالات عسكرية واستعمار للبلاد الإسلامية فلم تسلم
+
+114
+00:10:30,740 --> 00:10:38,680
+تقريبا اي بلد او دولة اسلامية او عربية من احتلالهم
+
+115
+00:10:39,760 --> 00:10:44,880
+فقد احتلت فرنسا كما هو معروف عبر التاريخ احتلت مصر
+
+116
+00:10:44,880 --> 00:10:50,520
+ثم تلاها في الاحتلال لمصر بريطانيا و فرنسا ايضا
+
+117
+00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:54,520
+احتلت من بلاد المسلمين الجزائر و تونس و مراكش
+
+118
+00:10:54,520 --> 00:10:59,750
+واحتلت بلاد الشام و منها سورياثم عودت احتلالها
+
+119
+00:10:59,750 --> 00:11:05,690
+لمصر كما قلنا وبعدها جاء الانجليز و بريطانيا
+
+120
+00:11:05,690 --> 00:11:09,050
+واحتلت مصر واحتلت الهند كذلك و ليبيا احتلها
+
+121
+00:11:09,050 --> 00:11:15,230
+الايطاليونو في أثناء هذا الاحتلال و هذا الاستعمار
+
+122
+00:11:15,230 --> 00:11:20,130
+و وجود الصليبيين النصارى في بلاد المسلمين ايضا لم
+
+123
+00:11:20,130 --> 00:11:24,770
+يكتفوا بهذا الاحتلال العسكري و الغزو العسكري صاحبة
+
+124
+00:11:24,770 --> 00:11:31,210
+هذا الغزو العسكري اللي لهم ايضا غزو فكري بإثارة
+
+125
+00:11:31,210 --> 00:11:37,130
+القوميات و النعرات القومية بين المسلمين فهذا من
+
+126
+00:11:37,130 --> 00:11:43,990
+أصول طورانية و هم الأتراكحاولوا أن يغذوا هذا الفكر
+
+127
+00:11:43,990 --> 00:11:49,150
+القومي في الأطراق و الرجوع إلى ما قبل الإسلام و
+
+128
+00:11:49,150 --> 00:11:52,790
+كذلك في العرب حاولوا أن يثيروا المعرق القومية
+
+129
+00:11:52,790 --> 00:11:58,090
+العربية و أيضا دعوا إلى العلمانية التي تعني فصل
+
+130
+00:11:58,090 --> 00:12:03,870
+الدين عن الدولةوتبنى ذلك فيما بعد وكان من أوائل
+
+131
+00:12:03,870 --> 00:12:07,250
+الدول الإسلامية التي تبنت العلمانية وهذا الفصل
+
+132
+00:12:07,250 --> 00:12:11,810
+وكانت ايضا مبادرة في الدعوة الى القومية تركيا التي
+
+133
+00:12:11,810 --> 00:12:16,530
+كان يحكمها في ذلك الوقت حزب الاتحاد والتراقي والان
+
+134
+00:12:16,530 --> 00:12:21,510
+اختلفت تركيا فما عادت تركيا هي تركيا يعني السابق
+
+135
+00:12:23,800 --> 00:12:29,940
+وأخيرا وفي العصر الحديث ربما كلنا شاهدنا هذا الحدث
+
+136
+00:12:29,940 --> 00:12:34,420
+عادت الحروب الصليبية العسكرية مرة أخرى ولكن هذه
+
+137
+00:12:34,420 --> 00:12:39,960
+المرة بقيادة الوليات المتحدة الأمريكية التي تتزعم
+
+138
+00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:45,580
+اليوم الصليبية الحاقدة على الإسلام والمسلمين وتصف
+
+139
+00:12:45,580 --> 00:12:51,870
+نفسها بأنها سيدةالكون وسيدة العالم وده هنتحدث عنه
+
+140
+00:12:51,870 --> 00:12:57,310
+بالتفصيل في العالم حينما صناعتي عليه فاحتلت العراق
+
+141
+00:12:57,310 --> 00:13:03,750
+احتلت أفغانستان والكلام شاهدناه وعايشناه وسنأخذ
+
+142
+00:13:03,750 --> 00:13:09,770
+مثال فقط من هذه الاحتلالات وهو احتلال امريكا او
+
+143
+00:13:09,770 --> 00:13:13,230
+الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية للعراق والأهداف من ورا
+
+144
+00:13:13,230 --> 00:13:19,920
+هذا الاحتلالو سنكتفي تخفيفا عنكم بالعناوين فقط مش
+
+145
+00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:24,660
+هنكلفكم بالتفاصيل هناخد الأهداف الحقيقية من الحرب
+
+146
+00:13:24,660 --> 00:13:28,560
+على العراق هنكتفي بذكر الأهداف ذكرا لأن في تفاصيل
+
+147
+00:13:28,560 --> 00:13:33,320
+كثيرة ترجعون اليها للفائدة والاطلاع ففيها معلومات
+
+148
+00:13:33,320 --> 00:13:39,180
+قيمة وزخمة 100 من الأخوات تذكر لنا من هذه الأهداف
+
+149
+00:13:39,180 --> 00:13:46,060
+أهداف الحرب على العراقتأكيد التواجد العسكري
+
+150
+00:13:46,060 --> 00:13:50,060
+للولايات المتحدة في المنطقة العربية اول حاجة اول
+
+151
+00:13:50,060 --> 00:13:56,980
+شي تولد امريكا ان تؤكد دورها ونفوذها في المنطقة
+
+152
+00:13:56,980 --> 00:14:01,820
+العربية ولذلك جاءت واحتلت هذا الجزء الكبير العزيزي
+
+153
+00:14:01,820 --> 00:14:06,740
+الغالي من بلاد المسلمين وهو العراق حولت الصهاينة
+
+154
+00:14:06,740 --> 00:14:10,720
+المسيحيين التنصيب في اوساط الشعب العراق المسلمأيضا
+
+155
+00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:15,520
+هناك هدف وهو تنصير وتبشير في دائما وأبدا هؤلاء
+
+156
+00:14:15,520 --> 00:14:21,620
+يعني لا ينسون دينهم الذي ينتسبون إليه وهو محرف
+
+157
+00:14:21,620 --> 00:14:27,400
+فيسعون إلى نشره وإلى التبشير به فكان هناك محاولة
+
+158
+00:14:28,130 --> 00:14:33,110
+ربما كانت يائسة لكنها كانت محاولة من يعني ما يُعرف
+
+159
+00:14:33,110 --> 00:14:39,370
+بالصهاينة المسيحيين يعني المسيحيين والنصارى الذين
+
+160
+00:14:39,370 --> 00:14:45,510
+يؤمنون بفكرة الصهيونين يعني أن يكون لليهود دولة في
+
+161
+00:14:45,510 --> 00:14:51,620
+فلسطين على أرض فلسطين مع أنهم ليسوا يهودا لكنهممثل
+
+162
+00:14:51,620 --> 00:14:55,120
+اليهود في هذا الفكر و يؤيدون و يدعمون اليهود
+
+163
+00:14:55,120 --> 00:15:00,240
+فحاولت هذه الجهات عبر المقابرات الأمريكية
+
+164
+00:15:00,240 --> 00:15:07,000
+والصهيونية واليهودية ان يعني يقوموا بمحاولة
+
+165
+00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:10,520
+التنصير في أوساط هذا الشعب المستمر تلاتة .. فضل
+
+166
+00:15:10,520 --> 00:15:13,700
+الأخت اللي ورا علينا الصوت شوية
+
+167
+00:15:17,560 --> 00:15:23,000
+كل ما يمكن اسمعناه بمصطلح الفوضى الخلاقة التي يعني
+
+168
+00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:27,160
+أصبحت مصطلحة شعنة على ألثنات الساسة الأمريكيين
+
+169
+00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:31,580
+وصرحة بها أكثر من مرة في أكثر من مجال يريدوا أن
+
+170
+00:15:31,580 --> 00:15:35,500
+يثيروا الفوضى في العالم الإسلامي بإشغال العالم
+
+171
+00:15:35,500 --> 00:15:41,690
+الإسلامي بعضه وبعض بإشغال الفرق والمذاهبالاسلامية
+
+172
+00:15:41,690 --> 00:15:46,070
+حتى يقاتلوا بعض و بعضا و يغذوا هذه على حساب تلج و
+
+173
+00:15:46,070 --> 00:15:50,790
+يسعون في الأرض فسادا كلما أوقضوا نارا للحرب
+
+174
+00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:55,710
+أطفاءها الله و يسعون في الأرض فسادا هؤلاء يعني من
+
+175
+00:15:55,710 --> 00:15:59,350
+ورائهم اليهودية العالمية والصهيونية العالمية بل
+
+176
+00:15:59,350 --> 00
+
+223
+00:20:00,020 --> 00:20:04,900
+أمريكا من جديد وكذا نرجع مرة أخرى إلى الخطة التي
+
+224
+00:20:04,900 --> 00:20:11,100
+بدأنا الحديث عنهاوهي الخطة الجديدة للصليبيين لغزو
+
+225
+00:20:11,100 --> 00:20:15,040
+العالم الإسلام بعد فشل الخطة العسكرية والحروب
+
+226
+00:20:15,040 --> 00:20:21,580
+العسكرية المادية لجأوا كما قلنا إلى خطة الغزو
+
+227
+00:20:21,580 --> 00:20:26,740
+الفكري للعالم الإسلام فوجدوا أنه أفضل طريقة وأقرب
+
+228
+00:20:26,740 --> 00:20:33,200
+طريقةهي هذه الطريقة صلوك الغزو الفكر وصاروا على
+
+229
+00:20:33,200 --> 00:20:41,080
+قاعدة إذا أرهبك عدوك فافسد فكره ينتحر به ومن ثم
+
+230
+00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:46,600
+تستعبده فانت تستعبد هذا الذي تفسد عليه فكرة فبما
+
+231
+00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:54,260
+يقاومك وبما يواجهكسيكونوا ضعيفا وذليلا وستتحكم بيه
+
+232
+00:20:54,260 --> 00:20:59,580
+بكل سهولة فانتقلت المعركة من ساحة الحرب إلى ميدان
+
+233
+00:20:59,580 --> 00:21:05,120
+الفكر والثقافة ما المقصود بالغزو الفكري ذلك
+
+234
+00:21:05,120 --> 00:21:11,520
+المصطلح الذي رددناه أكثر من مرة وذكرناه وتكلمناه
+
+235
+00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:15,240
+فضل هذا التعريف تبع المعتمد الذي نريد أن نعتمد ما
+
+236
+00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:19,250
+المراد بالغزو الفكر اتفضلهو تغيير أحوال المسلمين
+
+237
+00:21:19,250 --> 00:21:23,170
+السياسية والثقافية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية عن طريق
+
+238
+00:21:23,170 --> 00:21:27,350
+استعمار القلوب والعقول وتبديل الأفكار والقيم
+
+239
+00:21:27,350 --> 00:21:31,390
+والعقائد فيصبح المجموعة الفكرية خاضة عن مشكلتها من
+
+240
+00:21:31,390 --> 00:21:35,380
+قادة القدورشايفين هذا الكلام؟ تغيير جذري يعني و
+
+241
+00:21:35,380 --> 00:21:40,920
+كله و شامل تغيير لأحوال المسلمين السياسية
+
+242
+00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:46,760
+والثقافية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية كيف يحدثون هذا
+
+243
+00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:52,720
+التغيير عبر هذا الغزو الذي يغزو العقول والقلوب
+
+244
+00:21:52,720 --> 00:22:00,430
+فيحتله فيعجب هذا المغزو بمن يغزوه يعجبعبر هذه
+
+245
+00:22:00,430 --> 00:22:04,630
+الثقافات والقيم الإجتماعية والاقتصاد القوي
+
+246
+00:22:04,630 --> 00:22:09,530
+والسياسة الحكيمة هكذا يصفون أنفسهم ويسويقون أنفسهم
+
+247
+00:22:09,530 --> 00:22:14,290
+في العالم الإسلامي وللأسف الشديد نجد كثير من
+
+248
+00:22:14,290 --> 00:22:17,330
+العالم الإسلامي وابناء العالم الإسلامي منصفق
+
+249
+00:22:17,330 --> 00:22:24,810
+لهؤلاء وتقبل هؤلاء وقبل هؤلاءو سوّغ لهم و سوق لهم
+
+250
+00:22:24,810 --> 00:22:34,270
+و حمل أفكارهم و دافع عنها ولا يزالون ولا يزالوا هم
+
+251
+00:22:34,270 --> 00:22:38,130
+ولا يزالون وهؤلاء ولا يزالون كما قال القرآن ولا
+
+252
+00:22:38,130 --> 00:22:43,770
+يزالون يق��تلونكم عن اليهود والنصارى والكفاء ولا
+
+253
+00:22:43,770 --> 00:22:49,170
+يزالون يقاتلونكم حتى يردوكم عن دينكم إن استطاع
+
+254
+00:22:49,740 --> 00:22:54,100
+لأنهم يعلمون أن قوة المسلمين في عقيدة كذلك هؤلاء
+
+255
+00:22:54,100 --> 00:22:59,040
+أتباعهم اليوم وفي ثوب جديد ويرتدون ثياب الوطني
+
+256
+00:22:59,040 --> 00:23:04,100
+وادفاع عن الوطن بهذه الحجة و القومية وكذا و
+
+257
+00:23:04,100 --> 00:23:09,240
+العلمانية قديما والليبرالية حديثا يزعمون ذلك وما
+
+258
+00:23:09,240 --> 00:23:15,050
+نراهم في شاشات التلفاز وعلى الفضايات المختلفةكلهم
+
+259
+00:23:15,050 --> 00:23:21,110
+هدفهم إقصاء وإبعاد المسلمين عن دينهم واستبدال هذه
+
+260
+00:23:21,110 --> 00:23:25,170
+العقيدة والدين بتلك الأفكار الغربية هذا هو الغزو
+
+261
+00:23:25,170 --> 00:23:31,210
+الفكري بعينه قضية تغيير ثقافي فكري جذري فإذا ما
+
+262
+00:23:31,210 --> 00:23:37,370
+تغير هذا الفكروهذه الثقافة التي تنبع من عقيدة
+
+263
+00:23:37,370 --> 00:23:44,210
+الإسلام سهولة السيطرة على المسلمين والتحكم فيهم
+
+264
+00:23:44,210 --> 00:23:48,700
+وأصبحنا جزءا منهم لا يتجزأكثير من الناس لا يستغنى
+
+265
+00:23:48,700 --> 00:23:53,120
+أصبح اليوم عن أمريكا وعن أوروبا و .. و .. و ..
+
+266
+00:23:53,120 --> 00:23:57,280
+ودعا إلى ذلك يعني صراحة كما سنرا عند الحديث عن
+
+267
+00:23:57,280 --> 00:24:02,580
+الاستشراك والتغريب بالتفصيل فهذه من مخاطر هذا
+
+268
+00:24:02,580 --> 00:24:07,940
+الغزو الفكريإنه يستهدف القلوب والعقول وتفكير
+
+269
+00:24:07,940 --> 00:24:12,100
+وتبديل الأفكار والقيم والعقائد فيصبح هذا المغزو
+
+270
+00:24:12,100 --> 00:24:17,280
+فكريا قاضعا لهم وكما قال أحد المفكرين المسلمين
+
+271
+00:24:17,280 --> 00:24:23,080
+الكبار مالك بن نبي يصبح عند أهل تلك البلاد المغزوة
+
+272
+00:24:23,080 --> 00:24:29,360
+القابلية للاستعمار بسبب أنهم قابلينمدام هو بيحمل
+
+273
+00:24:29,360 --> 00:24:33,520
+أفكاره و اتطبع بأفكار و قابل أفكاره بصير يتقبل
+
+274
+00:24:33,520 --> 00:24:39,940
+احتلاله و استعماره و بقائه في دياره بصير عنده
+
+275
+00:24:39,940 --> 00:24:42,060
+قابلية لهذا الاستعمار
+
+276
+00:24:45,200 --> 00:24:50,220
+طيب مدام الغرب فكر هذا التفكير الجديد وغير خطته
+
+277
+00:24:50,220 --> 00:24:55,500
+بهذا التغيير وبهذا الشكل يعني هل في فرق كبير بين
+
+278
+00:24:55,500 --> 00:24:59,420
+هذا الشكل الجديد وهذه الخطة الجديدة المسمى بالغزو
+
+279
+00:24:59,420 --> 00:25:03,820
+الفكري وبين الغزو العسكري الذي اعتمده في البداية
+
+280
+00:25:03,820 --> 00:25:08,130
+وخاطفي حروب كثيرة سميت بالحروب الصليبية ولا زال
+
+281
+00:25:08,130 --> 00:25:11,790
+ايضا لا يعني يا أخوات انه الآن اعتمد الغزو الفكر
+
+282
+00:25:11,790 --> 00:25:17,030
+انه انتهى عن الغزو العسكري لأ لازال في بلدان مغزوة
+
+283
+00:25:17,030 --> 00:25:21,730
+ومحتلة وكل يوم لسه فرنسا جديد يعني بتطمع في مالي
+
+284
+00:25:21,730 --> 00:25:26,030
+وهي قضية حديثة جديدة وامريكا لازال يعني لها بقايا
+
+285
+00:25:26,030 --> 00:25:31,170
+هنا و هناك وفي العراق ناهيكم عن القضيةالمركزية
+
+286
+00:25:31,170 --> 00:25:36,330
+للأمة العربية والإسلامية فلسطين التي لازالت محتلة
+
+287
+00:25:36,330 --> 00:25:41,750
+وتحت الاحتلال اذا حتى وهم يعتمدون خطة الغزو الفكري
+
+288
+00:25:41,750 --> 00:25:45,230
+لم ينتهوا من غزوهم العسكر عشان يقولنا العنوان ان
+
+289
+00:25:45,230 --> 00:25:48,870
+الحروب الصالبية لم تنتهي بعد نرجع الى السؤال مرة
+
+290
+00:25:48,870 --> 00:25:53,330
+اخرى ما الفرق او الفروق بين الغزو الفكري الجديد
+
+291
+00:25:53,330 --> 00:25:57,270
+وبين الغزو العسكري ونريد ان نسمع من الجميع اذا
+
+292
+00:25:57,270 --> 00:26:03,380
+يعني مفارحوار كبير بدنا نسمع من الجامعة اول هذه
+
+293
+00:26:03,380 --> 00:26:07,600
+الفروق الجوهرية .. اعلينا الصوت شوية عشان الكل
+
+294
+00:26:07,600 --> 00:26:11,520
+يسمع .. اولا الغزو العسكري ماهله؟ ايش هدفه؟ يستهدف
+
+295
+00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:15,820
+الأرض و مافيها من خيار موه و مهل .. نعم .. يستهدف
+
+296
+00:26:15,820 --> 00:26:19,780
+أشرف مافي الإنسان من عقيدة و فكر و قلب و عقلبارك
+
+297
+00:26:19,780 --> 00:26:22,460
+الله فيك .. لما نقول يا أخوات الغزو العسكر يستهدف
+
+298
+00:26:22,460 --> 00:26:26,280
+مش معناه هدفه .. لأ يعني هو بيأتي أين؟ يأتي على
+
+299
+00:26:26,280 --> 00:26:29,420
+الأرض و يبقى على الأرض و بينها بخيراته و بينها و
+
+300
+00:26:29,420 --> 00:26:32,900
+بينها .. لكن هذا الغزو الفكري اليوم هدفه و مش
+
+301
+00:26:32,900 --> 00:26:37,820
+الأرض في حد ذات .. بقدر ما هدفه العقيدة و الدين و
+
+302
+00:26:37,820 --> 00:26:41,520
+الفكر و الثقافة .. و ال .. و إذا مجاله هو العقل و
+
+303
+00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:44,900
+القلب .. لأ مجاله أن يأتي على الأرض و يقاتل على
+
+304
+00:26:44,900 --> 00:26:48,680
+الأرض و يحارب على الأرض .. هي المقصود .. و إلا هدف
+
+305
+00:26:48,680 --> 00:26:52,270
+الأثنين واحد ..هو القضاء على الإسلام والمسلمين و
+
+306
+00:26:52,270 --> 00:27:03,530
+.. نعم .. اتنين من النقاط .. اتفضل الأخت .. لماذا
+
+307
+00:27:03,530 --> 00:27:10,090
+الغزو العسكري يضرب الغزاة أنفسهم؟
+
+308
+00:27:10,090 --> 00:27:18,820
+يعني هذا الغزو العسكريلا يقبله أهل البلاد التي
+
+309
+00:27:18,820 --> 00:27:23,740
+تحتال أرضهم وبالتالي سياثرون عليه ويقاومونه أما
+
+310
+00:27:23,740 --> 00:27:31,040
+الغزو الفكري؟ نعم
+
+311
+00:27:31,040 --> 00:27:36,280
+يفقد المسلمين القدرة والاستعداد للمواجهة والمجابة
+
+312
+00:27:37,290 --> 00:27:40,510
+حتى يكون عندهم القابلية كما قلنا للاستعمار لأنهم
+
+313
+00:27:40,510 --> 00:27:45,290
+بيغزوه فكريا فليه ما يقاتل من يتقبل فكره وافكاره
+
+314
+00:27:45,290 --> 00:27:52,470
+ويتطبع بقيمه وعاداته لن يجده غريبا عنه لأنه مثله
+
+315
+00:27:52,470 --> 00:27:58,410
+مثله سيكون تلاتة تفضل الأخت اللي هنا كنت بالعسكري
+
+316
+00:27:58,410 --> 00:28:02,250
+مش عاوم تحس العمل بيعمل أسلوب ده لأن الواضح اللي
+
+317
+00:28:02,250 --> 00:28:03,350
+حصل ليه
+
+318
+00:28:06,740 --> 00:28:10,880
+يعني قريب من النقطة الثانية من النقطة الثالثة هناك
+
+319
+00:28:10,880 --> 00:28:15,780
+يقول بكلمة يعني يضرب الغزاء أنفسهم أنفسهم هناك
+
+320
+00:28:15,780 --> 00:28:19,680
+يحرك فيهم القدرة على الاستعداد هنا يحرك العمل
+
+321
+00:28:19,680 --> 00:28:24,240
+للاستقلال ليبقى أهل البلاد مهما طال الزمن يعني
+
+322
+00:28:24,240 --> 00:28:28,560
+قابلين الاستعمار العسكري لكنهم يتقبلون الغزو
+
+323
+00:28:28,560 --> 00:28:35,280
+الفكري بفقدانهم للقدرة على المواجهة والمجابة أربعة
+
+324
+00:28:36,970 --> 00:28:40,870
+الغاز العسكري وسائله منافرة لأنها مصلبة بالدمار و
+
+325
+00:28:40,870 --> 00:28:45,890
+القتل و .. و .. و أدمان بينما الغاز العسكري وسائله
+
+326
+00:28:45,890 --> 00:28:50,170
+ناعمة و خادعة مصطوبة بالشهوات و الإقبال منها بيكون
+
+327
+00:28:50,170 --> 00:28:53,500
+أسرع من الغاز العسكري بارك الله فيك و أحسنإذا
+
+328
+00:28:53,500 --> 00:28:57,060
+الغزو العسكر يا أخوات لا أحد يقبله لأنه يأتي
+
+329
+00:28:57,060 --> 00:29:05,260
+بالقتل و بالدماء و بالاصابات .. إذا هو الوسائل
+
+330
+00:29:05,260 --> 00:29:09,580
+التي يعتمدها الغزو العسكري منفرة كل يكرهها و ينفر
+
+331
+00:29:09,580 --> 00:29:13,540
+منها و يتأذى منها وبالتالي لا أحد يقبل كما قلنا
+
+332
+00:29:13,540 --> 00:29:19,020
+قبل قليل بهذه الوسائل المنفرة الغزو الفكري لا ينفر
+
+333
+00:29:19,020 --> 00:29:27,380
+بل يغري و يرغب و يخدعبهذا البريق اللامع تحت سطار و
+
+334
+00:29:27,380 --> 00:29:34,020
+شعار المدنية و الحداثة و التقدم و التطور و
+
+335
+00:29:34,020 --> 00:29:38,060
+التكنولوجيا و التقدم و لا يقولك انا بدأ غربك و
+
+336
+00:29:38,060 --> 00:29:42,440
+اجعلك غربيا و بتدخلك زيه و بتدخلك تتقدم و تتطور و
+
+337
+00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:48,520
+كذا و كذا و كذا لأن بهذه المظاهر الخادعة و البراقة
+
+338
+00:29:48,520 --> 00:29:51,440
+خمسة .. تفضل يا أخت الورقة
+
+339
+00:30:02,390 --> 00:30:09,610
+و المعصولة ده بدوش عسل، بدوش .. اه كما تفضلت
+
+340
+00:30:09,610 --> 00:30:13,950
+الأخت، ان الغزو العسكري تكاليف ماله باردةباهظة ..
+
+341
+00:30:13,950 --> 00:30:18,350
+بتكلف .. هذا بده جيوش و عتاد و بده انفاق على هذه
+
+342
+00:30:18,350 --> 00:30:22,810
+الجيوش و بده أسلحة .. كل هذه تكاليف و باهظ .. و
+
+343
+00:30:22,810 --> 00:30:26,670
+التكاليف الأكثر القتل .. بتكلفهم أرواح يعني ..
+
+344
+00:30:26,670 --> 00:30:31,610
+أرواح جنود بده تقتل .. لكن الغزو العسكري كما قالت
+
+345
+00:30:31,610 --> 00:30:36,930
+يعني كل بضاعته و سلعته لسان معسول و لسان يتحدث و
+
+346
+00:30:36,930 --> 00:30:42,500
+يغري و يرغب بهذه الأفكارلا يحتاج .. مش معناه
+
+347
+00:30:42,500 --> 00:30:45,780
+بيحتاجش أبدا .. لأ هم بقلفوا و بيعملوا .. لكن ما
+
+348
+00:30:45,780 --> 00:30:49,920
+بيكلفهمش يعني بيخسروش .. بيخسروش مخاسر .. هي المال
+
+349
+00:30:49,920 --> 00:30:52,780
+أخر حاجة بيفكروا فيها .. بيخسروش ضحايا .. هي
+
+350
+00:30:52,780 --> 00:30:55,580
+المقصود بالتكاليف .. بيخسروش ضحايا كما يخسرونها
+
+351
+00:30:55,580 --> 00:30:58,500
+وين؟ في الغزو العسكري .. في الغزو .. بس بل يكون
+
+352
+00:30:58,500 --> 00:31:02,500
+المسلمون هم الضحايا في هذا الغزو الفكري .. لأن من
+
+353
+00:31:02,500 --> 00:31:07,600
+فقد دينه فقد كل شيء .. يعني فقدان الدين هو كل شيء
+
+354
+00:31:07,600 --> 00:31:13,770
+.. مش فقدان المال ولا فقدان أي شيء أخر ..قادة
+
+355
+00:31:13,770 --> 00:31:16,630
+الغزو العسكري وجنودهم يوجدون في مسرح للعمليات
+
+356
+00:31:16,630 --> 00:31:19,410
+والاهتلاف بينما في الغزو الشركي يكون القادة كمان
+
+357
+00:31:19,410 --> 00:31:22,470
+جايزين عن الأحداث نعم بارك الله فيك، برضه نقطة
+
+358
+00:31:22,470 --> 00:31:26,430
+جوهريه، لابد في الغزو العسكري و الاحتلال أن يكون
+
+359
+00:31:26,430 --> 00:31:30,890
+القادة متواجدين في الميدان ويأتوا بأنفسهم ويديروا
+
+360
+00:31:30,890 --> 00:31:35,650
+المعركةوظاهرين وبرزين ومعرفين لكن في الغزو الفكري
+
+361
+00:31:35,650 --> 00:31:42,930
+يستترون ورأس السطار وشعار و أقنعة وخادعة ولا
+
+362
+00:31:42,930 --> 00:31:47,050
+يظهرون .. لا يظهرون .. يظهر فكرهم وينتشر فكرهم وهم
+
+363
+00:31:47,050 --> 00:31:52,090
+غير ظاهرين على الساحة كما يظهرون في الغزو العسل
+
+364
+00:31:52,090 --> 00:31:55,710
+نقطة السابعة والأخيرة الأخوات ما سمعناهم .. فضل
+
+365
+00:31:55,710 --> 00:31:57,290
+أخت الورق .. اه حضرتك
+
+366
+00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:06,740
+هنا بقول كثيرا يعني مش .. معناها فيقله الغزو
+
+367
+00:32:06,740 --> 00:32:12,780
+العسكري لا يجد له كثيرا من الأتباع مقارنة .. هكذا
+
+368
+00:32:12,780 --> 00:32:17,200
+الكلام يفهم مقارنة بالغزو الفكري فنجد له أتباع
+
+369
+00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:20,960
+كثير و هنتكلم بعد قليل على أتباع و أنصار الغزو
+
+370
+00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:25,140
+الفكري و هنشوفهم من أصناف متعددة أما في الغزو
+
+371
+00:32:25,140 --> 00:32:31,140
+العسكريقليل من الناس يعني نسبيا عدد قليل الذي
+
+372
+00:32:31,140 --> 00:32:37,660
+يتقبل ذلك ويقبل ذلك ويعاون المحتل والمستعمر لأن
+
+373
+00:32:37,660 --> 00:32:45,640
+هذه اسمها يعني خيانة لله و للدين و للوطن فمن يقبل
+
+374
+00:32:45,640 --> 00:32:48,920
+هذه الخيانة مش بسهولة فاللي يقبلها بيكون لا دين له
+
+375
+00:32:48,920 --> 00:32:55,810
+أصلالا دين لهو ولا .. ولا ضمير أصلا إنساني حتى من
+
+376
+00:32:55,810 --> 00:33:00,030
+ناحية إنسانية لا يقبل الإنسان الإبن شعبي ووطني أن
+
+377
+00:33:00,030 --> 00:33:06,030
+يقتل بسببه حينما يكون هو متعامل أو عميلا خائنا مع
+
+378
+00:33:06,030 --> 00:33:09,710
+أدوي ضد أهل بلده ووطني لكن في الغزو الفكري بنلاقي
+
+379
+00:33:09,710 --> 00:33:16,220
+كتاب وأقلام وسياسيين وصحفيين وادباءيسويقون لهذا
+
+380
+00:33:16,220 --> 00:33:19,940
+الفكر و بتلاقي عددهم يعني كبير نسبيا بالنسبة
+
+381
+00:33:19,940 --> 00:33:26,840
+لأتباع الغزو العسكري طب ما هي الأهداف أو أهداف
+
+382
+00:33:26,840 --> 00:33:31,720
+الغزو الفكري؟ مدون ان اتحدثنا عنه و رأينا الفوارق
+
+383
+00:33:31,720 --> 00:33:36,920
+بين الغزو الفكري و العسكري أكيد له أهداف و أهداف
+
+384
+00:33:36,920 --> 00:33:38,860
+كثيرة منها واحد فضله
+
+385
+00:33:41,740 --> 00:33:45,520
+إذا هو الآن يريد أن يضرب الإسلام في العمق في القلب
+
+386
+00:33:45,520 --> 00:33:51,960
+من الداخل ويضعف فعليته التي تؤثر في المسلمين
+
+387
+00:33:51,960 --> 00:33:59,240
+فتجعلهم يرفضون الاحتلال والاستعمار وغزو من أي نوع
+
+388
+00:33:59,240 --> 00:34:06,280
+اثنين هنا أخوات فضل الأخت فضل
+
+389
+00:34:11,980 --> 00:34:15,460
+برك الله فيك، هذه كانت مشكلة كبيرة، ربما كانت من
+
+390
+00:34:15,460 --> 00:34:19,780
+أحد الأهداف خلال الحروب الصليبية المتتالية، لأن
+
+391
+00:34:19,780 --> 00:34:26,770
+الإسلام وصل إلى الغرب و إلى بلادهمفكيف يأتي هؤلاء
+
+392
+00:34:26,770 --> 00:34:33,810
+من أقصى البلاد إلى بلادنا وينشروا دينهم عقيدتهم؟
+
+393
+00:34
+
+445
+00:39:11,640 --> 00:39:15,420
+شاء الله عن وسائل الغزو الفكري وبارك الله فيكم
+
+446
+00:39:15,420 --> 00:39:17,820
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته 

PL9fwy3NUQKwZZ8ASUiLEKVKvwcEdfmB_y/NvwrMRqlo3Q_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1784 @@
+1
+00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:24,280
+الحمد لله يا رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف
+
+2
+00:00:24,280 --> 00:00:29,400
+الخلق وسيد المرسلين سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه
+
+3
+00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:33,720
+أجمعين اللهم لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت
+
+4
+00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:38,860
+العليم والحكيم اللهم علمنا ما ينفعنا وانفعنا بما
+
+5
+00:00:38,860 --> 00:00:43,600
+علمتنا وازيدنا علم أمين يا رب العالمين أما بعد
+
+6
+00:00:43,600 --> 00:00:47,540
+نتحدث عن خطة تغيير
+
+7
+00:00:49,880 --> 00:00:53,440
+الحروب الصليبية الفترة الاعتمادها الصليبيون بديلا
+
+8
+00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:57,900
+عن الحروب الصليبية والتي غيروا فيها فتتهم بدل
+
+9
+00:00:57,900 --> 00:01:04,080
+الغزو العسكري إلى ما يعرف بالغزو الفكري سنتكلم عن
+
+10
+00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:09,660
+ذلك ونتعرف على معنى الغزو الفكري واهداف الغزو
+
+11
+00:01:09,660 --> 00:01:16,420
+الفكري ووسائل الغزو الفكريثم نسأل سؤالا قبل ذلك
+
+12
+00:01:16,420 --> 00:01:20,960
+وقبل الخوض في الغزو الفكري هذا السؤال يقول هل
+
+13
+00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:27,200
+الحروب الصليبية انتهت ام لم تنتهي وسنعرف الجواب
+
+14
+00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:35,980
+أيضا لاحقا عن هذا السؤال ونأخذ العراق نموذجا للغزو
+
+15
+00:01:35,980 --> 00:01:45,160
+العسكري الجديد للصليبيين الجدددعونا نبدأ الحديث عن
+
+16
+00:01:45,160 --> 00:01:50,820
+الموالاة بين الصليبية والمغول المغول التتار الذين
+
+17
+00:01:50,820 --> 00:01:55,880
+جاءوا إلى البلاد الإسلامية في سنة ستمائة وستة
+
+18
+00:01:55,880 --> 00:02:01,760
+وخمسين للهجرة كان هجومهم على العالم الإسلامي بعد
+
+19
+00:02:01,760 --> 00:02:06,080
+الهجوم الصليبي المعروف في القرن الحادي عشر أو
+
+20
+00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:11,320
+بداية القرن الحادي عشرحيث استطاع المغول بعد دخولهم
+
+21
+00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:17,220
+للبلدان الإسلامية بالتعاون مع الشيعة الاستيلاء على
+
+22
+00:02:17,220 --> 00:02:22,680
+بغداد ونشروا فيها الخراب والدمار وقتلوا فيها مئات
+
+23
+00:02:22,680 --> 00:02:26,980
+الآلاف بعض العلماء أوصل العدد إلى مليون او اثنين
+
+24
+00:02:26,980 --> 00:02:33,020
+اثنين يعني اتنين مليون مسلم قتل على يد هؤلاء
+
+25
+00:02:33,020 --> 00:02:39,610
+المغول التتارفي تلك الفترة التاريخية عقد حلف
+
+26
+00:02:39,610 --> 00:02:45,510
+واتفاق وموالاة بين الصليبيين المهزومين الذين هزموا
+
+27
+00:02:45,510 --> 00:02:49,590
+في الحروب الصليبية وبين المغول الذين لم يكن لهم
+
+28
+00:02:49,590 --> 00:02:52,170
+دين وإنما كانوا على الوثنية
+
+29
+00:02:54,030 --> 00:02:57,110
+وهذا الحلف و هذه الموالاة كانت بهدف القضاء على
+
+30
+00:02:57,110 --> 00:03:02,370
+الإسلام والمسلمين وهذه قاعدة نلحظها مطردة في كل
+
+31
+00:03:02,370 --> 00:03:07,350
+زمان ومكان أن أعداء الإسلام يتحالفون ويوالي بعضهم
+
+32
+00:03:07,350 --> 00:03:13,300
+بعضا إذا كان الخصم والعدو أمامهم منالاسلام
+
+33
+00:03:13,300 --> 00:03:18,660
+والمسلمين نجدوا هم موحدين يتحدون مع الخلافات اللتي
+
+34
+00:03:18,660 --> 00:03:23,400
+بينهم إلا أنهم يتحدون إذا كان عدوهم المشترك هو
+
+35
+00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:28,560
+المسلمون وهذا الحلف وهذه الموالدة كانت ترجع إلى
+
+36
+00:03:28,560 --> 00:03:32,760
+علاقات طيبة و علاقات مودة كانت بين الصليبيين
+
+37
+00:03:32,760 --> 00:03:34,460
+والمغول
+
+38
+00:03:36,590 --> 00:03:41,110
+حدثت هناك معارك و كما جاهد المسلمون و قاوموا
+
+39
+00:03:41,110 --> 00:03:46,190
+الحروب الصلبية كذلك تصدوا للمغول و للتاتار و للغزو
+
+40
+00:03:46,190 --> 00:03:49,990
+التتري المغولي على بلاد المسلمين فوقعت هناك معارك
+
+41
+00:03:49,990 --> 00:03:58,780
+كان منها معركة عينجلوت الفاصلةفي فلسطين و تحديدا
+
+42
+00:03:58,780 --> 00:04:04,500
+في بيسان احدى مدن فلسطين المحتلة في خ��سة و عشرين
+
+43
+00:04:04,500 --> 00:04:07,900
+رمضان سنة ستمائة و تمانية و خمسين للهجرة هذه
+
+44
+00:04:07,900 --> 00:04:15,400
+الوقعة او المعركة غيرت الموازين بعد ان كانت لصالح
+
+45
+00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:19,400
+التتار والمغول اصبحت هذه الموازين و هذه القوة
+
+46
+00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:23,700
+لصالح المسلمين بعد انحاق المسلمين للهزيمة الساحقة
+
+47
+00:04:23,700 --> 00:04:30,430
+بالمغولللصليبين .. للصليبيين حتى لو فكروا مرة أخرى
+
+48
+00:04:30,430 --> 00:04:37,500
+أن يأتوا للبلاد الإسلاميةمن هنا بدأ التفكير
+
+49
+00:04:37,500 --> 00:04:45,840
+والتخطيب لتغيير خطة الغزاء الصليبيين الحاقدين على
+
+50
+00:04:45,840 --> 00:04:49,300
+الإسلام بعد أن فشلوا في الحروب الصليبية العسكرية
+
+51
+00:04:49,300 --> 00:04:53,720
+وبعد أن منوا بالهزيمة فكروا في بديل آخر ماذا
+
+52
+00:04:53,720 --> 00:04:59,660
+يفعلون؟ فسنرى الآن كان قائد الصليبيين او المرجع
+
+53
+00:05:00,290 --> 00:05:05,630
+للصليبيين وقلنا في حركة الإحياء الديني عادت هذه
+
+54
+00:05:05,630 --> 00:05:09,850
+الحركة الدور للكنيسة و لرجال الكنيسة و بابوات
+
+55
+00:05:09,850 --> 00:05:15,430
+الكنيسة كان المرجع في ذلك الوقت البابا سلسلتين
+
+56
+00:05:15,430 --> 00:05:24,910
+الخامس و عرض عليه أحد أمرين أو أحد خطتين عرضت عليه
+
+57
+00:05:24,910 --> 00:05:33,790
+خطتينو سنرى من من الخطتين قبلها قبل ذلك نعرف ما هي
+
+58
+00:05:33,790 --> 00:05:39,230
+او ما هما الخطتين اللتان عرضتها على هذا الباب
+
+59
+00:05:39,230 --> 00:05:47,070
+الخطة الاولى كانت المعروضة .. فضله .. رامون
+
+60
+00:05:47,070 --> 00:05:53,710
+لول اسمه .. نعم اذا كان معروض عليه خطة تبشير من
+
+61
+00:05:53,710 --> 00:06:00,980
+قبل احد ال ..مبشري هو رامون لول في بعض المرايج
+
+62
+00:06:00,980 --> 00:06:04,980
+تقول ريمون لول ريمون لول يعني في الترجمة بتختلف
+
+63
+00:06:04,980 --> 00:06:08,520
+بعض الحروف هو نفسه سيومور معناه يعني اسمه ريمون
+
+64
+00:06:08,520 --> 00:06:12,760
+لول هو نفسه هذا رامون لول تتلخص هذه الخطة في غزو
+
+65
+00:06:12,760 --> 00:06:16,940
+المسلمين تبشيريا تبشيره بالدين النصران وغزوهم
+
+66
+00:06:16,940 --> 00:06:25,340
+فكريا وثقافيا فيما عرف بعد ذلك بالغزو الفكري الخطة
+
+67
+00:06:25,340 --> 00:06:29,650
+الثانيةاللي كانت معروضة عليهم .. فضل اللي بدنا
+
+68
+00:06:29,650 --> 00:06:32,470
+وجوه جديدة نوّه شوية .. فضل .. تنصير المغول
+
+69
+00:06:32,470 --> 00:06:35,950
+لتنييما استخدامه من جديد في قلوب مدامن التطالب
+
+70
+00:06:35,950 --> 00:06:39,130
+المسلمين وكان أيضا معروض عليه .. برك الله فيك ..
+
+71
+00:06:39,130 --> 00:06:44,110
+خطة أخرى أن يقوموا بتنصير المغول .. التطار يعني
+
+72
+00:06:44,110 --> 00:06:49,930
+جعلهم نصارى يدخلون في الدين النصراني المسيحي
+
+73
+00:06:49,930 --> 00:06:54,190
+المزعوم طبعا المحرف في ذلك الوقت فكانوا يطمعون في
+
+74
+00:06:54,190 --> 00:06:59,140
+..تنصير هؤلاء المغول حتى يكسبوهم إلى جانبهم لأنهم
+
+75
+00:06:59,140 --> 00:07:04,560
+كانوا قوة في ذلك الوقت عددا و عدة و عتاد و كانوا
+
+76
+00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:09,760
+متوحشين المغول و التطارف فقالوا لابد من أن نكسبهم
+
+77
+00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:15,140
+إلى جانبنا و نعتمد عليهم في حربنا القادمة ضد
+
+78
+00:07:15,140 --> 00:07:20,860
+المسلمين طيب أي الخطتين أو إلى أي الخطتين كان يميل
+
+79
+00:07:20,860 --> 00:07:22,140
+هذا البابا
+
+80
+00:07:25,950 --> 00:07:28,990
+ما هي الطريقة الثانية التي اعتمدها؟ اللي هي طريقة
+
+81
+00:07:28,990 --> 00:07:33,510
+اعتمد على الطريقة الثانية المعروضة عليه وهي تنصير
+
+82
+00:07:33,510 --> 00:07:39,530
+المغول جرب الطريقة الأولى وحاول ان يعني يسعى الى
+
+83
+00:07:39,530 --> 00:07:45,210
+تنصير المغول لكن الله سبحانه وتعالى أراد بالمغول
+
+84
+00:07:45,210 --> 00:07:51,830
+التتار خ��را فقد دخلوا او دخل كثير منهم في الإسلام
+
+85
+00:07:51,830 --> 00:07:57,120
+قيل انه أسلوب قائد كبير لهمفتابعوه في الإسلام
+
+86
+00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:03,540
+ودخلوا في الإسلام فأفشل الله سبحانه وتعالى كيدة
+
+87
+00:08:03,540 --> 00:08:08,680
+الصليبيين وخطتهم في ذلك بعد فشل هذه الخطة عاود
+
+88
+00:08:08,680 --> 00:08:14,180
+البابا سلسلتين الخامس الأخذ بخطة رامون لول التي
+
+89
+00:08:14,180 --> 00:08:21,100
+تقوم على فكرة تبشير المسلمينفكريا وغزوهم فكريا
+
+90
+00:08:21,100 --> 00:08:26,320
+وتبشيرهم بهذا الدين وإخراجهم عن دينهم وتشكيكهم في
+
+91
+00:08:26,320 --> 00:08:32,540
+دينهم وهذا يحتاج إلى برنامج عمل كامل ومتكامل يقوم
+
+92
+00:08:32,540 --> 00:08:38,840
+على دراسةوفهم مضامين الفكر الإسلامي ومعرفة مواضع
+
+93
+00:08:38,840 --> 00:08:43,480
+القوة والضعف أين مواضع القوة فنعمل على إضعافها أين
+
+94
+00:08:43,480 --> 00:08:49,840
+مواضع الضعف فيهم فندخل من خلالها كمرحلة أولى ثم
+
+95
+00:08:49,840 --> 00:08:54,260
+محاولة نقض هذا الفكر بالتشكيك فيه والافتراض عليه
+
+96
+00:08:55,340 --> 00:09:00,500
+وبالتالي ضرب إرادة المقاومة عند المسلمين التي
+
+97
+00:09:00,500 --> 00:09:06,220
+تتمثل في دينهم وعقيدتهم هذه الإرادة الصلبة
+
+98
+00:09:06,220 --> 00:09:10,020
+الموجودة عند المسلمين يستمدها المسلمون من دينهم من
+
+99
+00:09:10,020 --> 00:09:16,000
+عقيدتهم إذا لابد من التشكيك في هذه العقيدة وفي هذا
+
+100
+00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:22,100
+الدين ومن هنا بدأتمواجهة جديدة ومرحلة جديدة بين
+
+101
+00:09:22,100 --> 00:09:25,740
+الصليبيين الحاقدين على الإسلام والمسلمين وبين
+
+102
+00:09:25,740 --> 00:09:30,660
+المسلمين فبعد أن كانت الحروب الصليبية العسكرية
+
+103
+00:09:30,660 --> 00:09:35,600
+والمواجهة العسكرية الآن اعتمدوا الخطة الثانية اللي
+
+104
+00:09:35,600 --> 00:09:39,880
+هي الأولى حسب الذكر وهي خطة تبشير المسلمين أو
+
+105
+00:09:39,880 --> 00:09:41,340
+غزوهم فكريا
+
+106
+00:09:43,770 --> 00:09:48,110
+نرجع للسؤال الذي سألناه في بداية محاضرتنا هل
+
+107
+00:09:48,110 --> 00:09:53,590
+الحروب والصليبية انتهت بعد هزيمة الصليبيين على يد
+
+108
+00:09:53,590 --> 00:09:57,330
+القائد البطل صلاح الدين بعد أنهي تلك الهزيمة عبر
+
+109
+00:09:57,330 --> 00:10:03,810
+حروب كثيرة وجهاد طويل خضوا المسلمون ام لم تنتهي
+
+110
+00:10:03,810 --> 00:10:07,770
+بعد الجواب بكلمة يعني انتهت او لم تنتهي بكلمة بدا
+
+111
+00:10:07,770 --> 00:10:15,900
+لم تنتهي بعد بدليل الواقعفي القرن التاسع عشر عادت
+
+112
+00:10:15,900 --> 00:10:22,360
+أوروبا من جديد للحروب الصليبية في شكل آخر في شكل
+
+113
+00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:30,740
+احتلالات عسكرية واستعمار للبلاد الإسلامية فلم تسلم
+
+114
+00:10:30,740 --> 00:10:38,680
+تقريبا اي بلد او دولة اسلامية او عربية من احتلالهم
+
+115
+00:10:39,760 --> 00:10:44,880
+فقد احتلت فرنسا كما هو معروف عبر التاريخ احتلت مصر
+
+116
+00:10:44,880 --> 00:10:50,520
+ثم تلاها في الاحتلال لمصر بريطانيا و فرنسا ايضا
+
+117
+00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:54,520
+احتلت من بلاد المسلمين الجزائر و تونس و مراكش
+
+118
+00:10:54,520 --> 00:10:59,750
+واحتلت بلاد الشام و منها سورياثم عودت احتلالها
+
+119
+00:10:59,750 --> 00:11:05,690
+لمصر كما قلنا وبعدها جاء الانجليز و بريطانيا
+
+120
+00:11:05,690 --> 00:11:09,050
+واحتلت مصر واحتلت الهند كذلك و ليبيا احتلها
+
+121
+00:11:09,050 --> 00:11:15,230
+الايطاليونو في أثناء هذا الاحتلال و هذا الاستعمار
+
+122
+00:11:15,230 --> 00:11:20,130
+و وجود الصليبيين النصارى في بلاد المسلمين ايضا لم
+
+123
+00:11:20,130 --> 00:11:24,770
+يكتفوا بهذا الاحتلال العسكري و الغزو العسكري صاحبة
+
+124
+00:11:24,770 --> 00:11:31,210
+هذا الغزو العسكري اللي لهم ايضا غزو فكري بإثارة
+
+125
+00:11:31,210 --> 00:11:37,130
+القوميات و النعرات القومية بين المسلمين فهذا من
+
+126
+00:11:37,130 --> 00:11:43,990
+أصول طورانية و هم الأتراكحاولوا أن يغذوا هذا الفكر
+
+127
+00:11:43,990 --> 00:11:49,150
+القومي في الأطراق و الرجوع إلى ما قبل الإسلام و
+
+128
+00:11:49,150 --> 00:11:52,790
+كذلك في العرب حاولوا أن يثيروا المعرق القومية
+
+129
+00:11:52,790 --> 00:11:58,090
+العربية و أيضا دعوا إلى العلمانية التي تعني فصل
+
+130
+00:11:58,090 --> 00:12:03,870
+الدين عن الدولةوتبنى ذلك فيما بعد وكان من أوائل
+
+131
+00:12:03,870 --> 00:12:07,250
+الدول الإسلامية التي تبنت العلمانية وهذا الفصل
+
+132
+00:12:07,250 --> 00:12:11,810
+وكانت ايضا مبادرة في الدعوة الى القومية تركيا التي
+
+133
+00:12:11,810 --> 00:12:16,530
+كان يحكمها في ذلك الوقت حزب الاتحاد والتراقي والان
+
+134
+00:12:16,530 --> 00:12:21,510
+اختلفت تركيا فما عادت تركيا هي تركيا يعني السابق
+
+135
+00:12:23,800 --> 00:12:29,940
+وأخيرا وفي العصر الحديث ربما كلنا شاهدنا هذا الحدث
+
+136
+00:12:29,940 --> 00:12:34,420
+عادت الحروب الصليبية العسكرية مرة أخرى ولكن هذه
+
+137
+00:12:34,420 --> 00:12:39,960
+المرة بقيادة الوليات المتحدة الأمريكية التي تتزعم
+
+138
+00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:45,580
+اليوم الصليبية الحاقدة على الإسلام والمسلمين وتصف
+
+139
+00:12:45,580 --> 00:12:51,870
+نفسها بأنها سيدةالكون وسيدة العالم وده هنتحدث عنه
+
+140
+00:12:51,870 --> 00:12:57,310
+بالتفصيل في العالم حينما صناعتي عليه فاحتلت العراق
+
+141
+00:12:57,310 --> 00:13:03,750
+احتلت أفغانستان والكلام شاهدناه وعايشناه وسنأخذ
+
+142
+00:13:03,750 --> 00:13:09,770
+مثال فقط من هذه الاحتلالات وهو احتلال امريكا او
+
+143
+00:13:09,770 --> 00:13:13,230
+الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية للعراق والأهداف من ورا
+
+144
+00:13:13,230 --> 00:13:19,920
+هذا الاحتلالو سنكتفي تخفيفا عنكم بالعناوين فقط مش
+
+145
+00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:24,660
+هنكلفكم بالتفاصيل هناخد الأهداف الحقيقية من الحرب
+
+146
+00:13:24,660 --> 00:13:28,560
+على العراق هنكتفي بذكر الأهداف ذكرا لأن في تفاصيل
+
+147
+00:13:28,560 --> 00:13:33,320
+كثيرة ترجعون اليها للفائدة والاطلاع ففيها معلومات
+
+148
+00:13:33,320 --> 00:13:39,180
+قيمة وزخمة 100 من الأخوات تذكر لنا من هذه الأهداف
+
+149
+00:13:39,180 --> 00:13:46,060
+أهداف الحرب على العراقتأكيد التواجد العسكري
+
+150
+00:13:46,060 --> 00:13:50,060
+للولايات المتحدة في المنطقة العربية اول حاجة اول
+
+151
+00:13:50,060 --> 00:13:56,980
+شي تولد امريكا ان تؤكد دورها ونفوذها في المنطقة
+
+152
+00:13:56,980 --> 00:14:01,820
+العربية ولذلك جاءت واحتلت هذا الجزء الكبير العزيزي
+
+153
+00:14:01,820 --> 00:14:06,740
+الغالي من بلاد المسلمين وهو العراق حولت الصهاينة
+
+154
+00:14:06,740 --> 00:14:10,720
+المسيحيين التنصيب في اوساط الشعب العراق المسلمأيضا
+
+155
+00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:15,520
+هناك هدف وهو تنصير وتبشير في دائما وأبدا هؤلاء
+
+156
+00:14:15,520 --> 00:14:21,620
+يعني لا ينسون دينهم الذي ينتسبون إليه وهو محرف
+
+157
+00:14:21,620 --> 00:14:27,400
+فيسعون إلى نشره وإلى التبشير به فكان هناك محاولة
+
+158
+00:14:28,130 --> 00:14:33,110
+ربما كانت يائسة لكنها كانت محاولة من يعني ما يُعرف
+
+159
+00:14:33,110 --> 00:14:39,370
+بالصهاينة المسيحيين يعني المسيحيين والنصارى الذين
+
+160
+00:14:39,370 --> 00:14:45,510
+يؤمنون بفكرة الصهيونين يعني أن يكون لليهود دولة في
+
+161
+00:14:45,510 --> 00:14:51,620
+فلسطين على أرض فلسطين مع أنهم ليسوا يهودا لكنهممثل
+
+162
+00:14:51,620 --> 00:14:55,120
+اليهود في هذا الفكر و يؤيدون و يدعمون اليهود
+
+163
+00:14:55,120 --> 00:15:00,240
+فحاولت هذه الجهات عبر المقابرات الأمريكية
+
+164
+00:15:00,240 --> 00:15:07,000
+والصهيونية واليهودية ان يعني يقوموا بمحاولة
+
+165
+00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:10,520
+التنصير في أوساط هذا الشعب المستمر تلاتة .. فضل
+
+166
+00:15:10,520 --> 00:15:13,700
+الأخت اللي ورا علينا الصوت شوية
+
+167
+00:15:17,560 --> 00:15:23,000
+كل ما يمكن اسمعناه بمصطلح الفوضى الخلاقة التي يعني
+
+168
+00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:27,160
+أصبحت مصطلحة شعنة على ألثنات الساسة الأمريكيين
+
+169
+00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:31,580
+وصرحة بها أكثر من مرة في أكثر من مجال يريدوا أن
+
+170
+00:15:31,580 --> 00:15:35,500
+يثيروا الفوضى في العالم الإسلامي بإشغال العالم
+
+171
+00:15:35,500 --> 00:15:41,690
+الإسلامي بعضه وبعض بإشغال الفرق والمذاهبالاسلامية
+
+172
+00:15:41,690 --> 00:15:46,070
+حتى يقاتلوا بعض و بعضا و يغذوا هذه على حساب تلج و
+
+173
+00:15:46,070 --> 00:15:50,790
+يسعون في الأرض فسادا كلما أوقضوا نارا للحرب
+
+174
+00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:55,710
+أطفاءها الله و يسعون في الأرض فسادا هؤلاء يعني من
+
+175
+00:15:55,710 --> 00:15:59,350
+ورائهم اليهودية العالمية والصهيونية العالمية بل
+
+176
+00:15:59,350 --> 00:16:00,730
+والماسونية
+
+177
+00:16:02,600 --> 00:16:06,980
+تسيطر على العالم اليوم تبسط نفوذا ومن وراء الجميع
+
+178
+00:16:06,980 --> 00:16:12,880
+اليهود يد اليهود في كل حرب من هذه الحروب الكبيرة
+
+179
+00:16:12,880 --> 00:16:18,240
+وصدق الله تعالى كما قلنا في الآية السابقةكلما
+
+180
+00:16:18,240 --> 00:16:24,160
+أوقدوا نارا للحرب أطفعها الله ويسعون في الأرض
+
+181
+00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:28,760
+فسادة هذا من صفات اليهود اللي القرآن الكريم ذكرها
+
+182
+00:16:28,760 --> 00:16:34,100
+عنهم وتكلم بها عنهم أيضا من أهدافهم التأكيد
+
+183
+00:16:34,100 --> 00:16:37,680
+استمرار حملتها على ما تزعن بأنها محاربة للإنهاب
+
+184
+00:16:37,680 --> 00:16:41,070
+والتأكيد سيطرتها وصبتها على ما يعرفبرك الله فيك،
+
+185
+00:16:41,070 --> 00:16:46,570
+هي جاءت بهذا المبرر وبهذا السبب، وهو الإرهاب
+
+186
+00:16:46,570 --> 00:16:51,210
+والقضاء على الإرهاب والتنظيمات الإرهابية الموجودة
+
+187
+00:16:51,210 --> 00:16:54,850
+في العراق والتي أدعمها العراق حتى تحشد الجيوش التي
+
+188
+00:16:54,850 --> 00:17:00,290
+حشدتها في حربها خاصة الأولى ضد العراقفحشدت هذه
+
+189
+00:17:00,290 --> 00:17:06,990
+الجوش من جميع الدول تحت يعني ذريعة ومبرر وحجة
+
+190
+00:17:06,990 --> 00:17:12,910
+الإرهاب والأسلحة الكيموية وكذا وكذا ولم يكن شيء من
+
+191
+00:17:12,910 --> 00:17:17,390
+ذلك في تلك الدولة
+
+192
+00:17:17,390 --> 00:17:23,290
+فضل خمسة استنزف الموارد التانية العربية وهذا ما
+
+193
+00:17:23,290 --> 00:17:29,020
+حدث استنزفوا الموارد الاقتصادية والثروات والبترولو
+
+194
+00:17:29,020 --> 00:17:34,140
+قالوا للعرب و خاصة دول الخليج و غيرهم بان احنا
+
+195
+00:17:34,140 --> 00:17:41,240
+ندافع عنكم ضد هذا الذي يريد ان يتمدد في سلطته صدام
+
+196
+00:17:41,240 --> 00:17:45,720
+حسين في ذلك الوقت فلبوط ان تدعمونا يعني حرصا عليكم
+
+197
+00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:50,220
+و مصلحة لكم فامدونا بالمال فامدوهم بالمال و
+
+198
+00:17:50,220 --> 00:17:55,770
+البترول و ربما الى اليوموهم يعانون من تزييد الديون
+
+199
+00:17:55,770 --> 00:18:01,330
+لمستحقات الأمريكية اللي نابت عنهم في هذه الحرب
+
+200
+00:18:01,330 --> 00:18:07,710
+أيضا من هذه الأهداف اجراء تغييرات جوارية في البناء
+
+201
+00:18:07,710 --> 00:18:10,840
+الثقافي العلمي والسياسي والاجتماعي والتعليميا
+
+202
+00:18:10,840 --> 00:18:14,260
+أخوات هذا الكلام بارك الله فيك من أخطر الأهداف
+
+203
+00:18:14,260 --> 00:18:17,640
+التي لا ينتبه لها الكثير أو لا يعيرها اهتماما او
+
+204
+00:18:17,640 --> 00:18:21,400
+انتباه هو الغزو الفكر الذي نريد ان نتحدث عنه و
+
+205
+00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:27,430
+نركز عليه في حديثنا القاتل ربما ياخدمعظم الوقت
+
+206
+00:18:27,430 --> 00:18:32,410
+منهم بدهم يحدثوا تغييرات جوهرية في البناء الثقافي
+
+207
+00:18:32,410 --> 00:18:37,570
+يعملوا غزو ثقافي ثقافتهم الغربية كلها يطبعون فيه
+
+208
+00:18:37,570 --> 00:18:42,810
+ويجعلون .. ويجعلوننا أمثالهم على نفس النمط الذي
+
+209
+00:18:42,810 --> 00:18:47,890
+يسيرون علينا ترد ديننا وعقيدتنا وقيمنا وسلوكنا
+
+210
+00:18:47,890 --> 00:18:53,750
+وأخلاقنالنرتمي في أحضانهم و نأخذ عنهم و يكونون
+
+211
+00:18:53,750 --> 00:18:59,070
+النموذج و المثال لنا هذا ما يسعى اليه .. تسعى اليه
+
+212
+00:18:59,070 --> 00:19:04,590
+أمريكا اليوم و أوروبا معها و اليهود من ورا الجميع
+
+213
+00:19:04,590 --> 00:19:08,270
+و هذا ما بدأوا فيه بالفعل في كثير من البلدان
+
+214
+00:19:08,270 --> 00:19:12,010
+أصبحوا يتدخلون في المناهج و في التعليم و في
+
+215
+00:19:12,010 --> 00:19:20,340
+الثقافةويراقبون المناهج ويعدلون وينتقدون هذا سائق
+
+216
+00:19:20,340 --> 00:19:24,340
+وهذا ليس سائق هذا جائز وهذا غير جائز هذا مقبول هذا
+
+217
+00:19:24,340 --> 00:19:30,440
+غير مقبول شيلوا كذا وحطوا كذا في بعض الدول وبشهادة
+
+218
+00:19:30,440 --> 00:19:35,960
+يعني اناس صادقين وثقاء كانوا في تلك البلدان وقالوا
+
+219
+00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:41,140
+لنا انهم يعني بوفود يتحكمون بكل هذه الأمور التي
+
+220
+00:19:41,140 --> 00:19:48,300
+ذكرناهاقادم الأخطر الأهداف التي يريدونها بعد هذا
+
+221
+00:19:48,300 --> 00:19:56,360
+السرد لمكان عليه الحال سواء في أثناء الحروب
+
+222
+00:19:56,360 --> 00:20:00,020
+الصليبية أو الغزو التتاري والمغولي واليوم عادت
+
+223
+00:20:00,020 --> 00:20:04,900
+أمريكا من جديد وكذا نرجع مرة أخرى إلى الخطة التي
+
+224
+00:20:04,900 --> 00:20:11,100
+بدأنا الحديث عنهاوهي الخطة الجديدة للصليبيين لغزو
+
+225
+00:20:11,100 --> 00:20:15,040
+العالم الإسلام بعد فشل الخطة العسكرية والحروب
+
+226
+00:20:15,040 --> 00:20:21,580
+العسكرية المادية لجأوا كما قلنا إلى خطة الغزو
+
+227
+00:20:21,580 --> 00:20:26,740
+الفكري للعالم الإسلام فوجدوا أنه أفضل طريقة وأقرب
+
+228
+00:20:26,740 --> 00:20:33,200
+طريقةهي هذه الطريقة صلوك الغزو الفكر وصاروا على
+
+229
+00:20:33,200 --> 00:20:41,080
+قاعدة إذا أرهبك عدوك فافسد فكره ينتحر به ومن ثم
+
+230
+00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:46,600
+تستعبده فانت تستعبد هذا الذي تفسد عليه فكرة فبما
+
+231
+00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:54,260
+يقاومك وبما يواجهكسيكونوا ضعيفا وذليلا وستتحكم بيه
+
+232
+00:20:54,260 --> 00:20:59,580
+بكل سهولة فانتقلت المعركة من ساحة الحرب إلى ميدان
+
+233
+00:20:59,580 --> 00:21:05,120
+الفكر والثقافة ما المقصود بالغزو الفكري ذلك
+
+234
+00:21:05,120 --> 00:21:11,520
+المصطلح الذي رددناه أكثر من مرة وذكرناه وتكلمناه
+
+235
+00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:15,240
+فضل هذا التعريف تبع المعتمد الذي نريد أن نعتمد ما
+
+236
+00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:19,250
+المراد بالغزو الفكر اتفضلهو تغيير أحوال المسلمين
+
+237
+00:21:19,250 --> 00:21:23,170
+السياسية والثقافية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية عن طريق
+
+238
+00:21:23,170 --> 00:21:27,350
+استعمار القلوب والعقول وتبديل الأفكار والقيم
+
+239
+00:21:27,350 --> 00:21:31,390
+والعقائد فيصبح المجموعة الفكرية خاضة عن مشكلتها من
+
+240
+00:21:31,390 --> 00:21:35,380
+قادة القدورشايفين هذا الكلام؟ تغيير جذري يعني و
+
+241
+00:21:35,380 --> 00:21:40,920
+كله و شامل تغيير لأحوال المسلمين السياسية
+
+242
+00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:46,760
+والثقافية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية كيف يحدثون هذا
+
+243
+00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:52,720
+التغيير عبر هذا الغزو الذي يغزو العقول والقلوب
+
+244
+00:21:52,720 --> 00:22:00,430
+فيحتله فيعجب هذا المغزو بمن يغزوه يعجبعبر هذه
+
+245
+00:22:00,430 --> 00:22:04,630
+الثقافات والقيم الإجتماعية والاقتصاد القوي
+
+246
+00:22:04,630 --> 00:22:09,530
+والسياسة الحكيمة هكذا يصفون أنفسهم ويسويقون أنفس��م
+
+247
+00:22:09,530 --> 00:22:14,290
+في العالم الإسلامي وللأسف الشديد نجد كثير من
+
+248
+00:22:14,290 --> 00:22:17,330
+العالم الإسلامي وابناء العالم الإسلامي منصفق
+
+249
+00:22:17,330 --> 00:22:24,810
+لهؤلاء وتقبل هؤلاء وقبل هؤلاءو سوّغ لهم و سوق لهم
+
+250
+00:22:24,810 --> 00:22:34,270
+و حمل أفكارهم و دافع عنها ولا يزالون ولا يزالوا هم
+
+251
+00:22:34,270 --> 00:22:38,130
+ولا يزالون وهؤلاء ولا يزالون كما قال القرآن ولا
+
+252
+00:22:38,130 --> 00:22:43,770
+يزالون يقاتلونكم عن اليهود والنصارى والكفاء ولا
+
+253
+00:22:43,770 --> 00:22:49,170
+يزالون يقاتلونكم حتى يردوكم عن دينكم إن استطاع
+
+254
+00:22:49,740 --> 00:22:54,100
+لأنهم يعلمون أن قوة المسلمين في عقيدة كذلك هؤلاء
+
+255
+00:22:54,100 --> 00:22:59,040
+أتباعهم اليوم وفي ثوب جديد ويرتدون ثياب الوطني
+
+256
+00:22:59,040 --> 00:23:04,100
+وادفاع عن الوطن بهذه الحجة و القومية وكذا و
+
+257
+00:23:04,100 --> 00:23:09,240
+العلمانية قديما والليبرالية حديثا يزعمون ذلك وما
+
+258
+00:23:09,240 --> 00:23:15,050
+نراهم في شاشات التلفاز وعلى الفضايات المختلفةكلهم
+
+259
+00:23:15,050 --> 00:23:21,110
+هدفهم إقصاء وإبعاد المسلمين عن دينهم واستبدال هذه
+
+260
+00:23:21,110 --> 00:23:25,170
+العقيدة والدين بتلك الأفكار الغربية هذا هو الغزو
+
+261
+00:23:25,170 --> 00:23:31,210
+الفكري بعينه قضية تغيير ثقافي فكري جذري فإذا ما
+
+262
+00:23:31,210 --> 00:23:37,370
+تغير هذا الفكروهذه الثقافة التي تنبع من عقيدة
+
+263
+00:23:37,370 --> 00:23:44,210
+الإسلام سهولة السيطرة على المسلمين والتحكم فيهم
+
+264
+00:23:44,210 --> 00:23:48,700
+وأصبحنا جزءا منهم لا يتجزأكثير من الناس لا يستغنى
+
+265
+00:23:48,700 --> 00:23:53,120
+أصبح اليوم عن أمريكا وعن أوروبا و .. و .. و ..
+
+266
+00:23:53,120 --> 00:23:57,280
+ودعا إلى ذلك يعني صراحة كما سنرا عند الحديث عن
+
+267
+00:23:57,280 --> 00:24:02,580
+الاستشراك والتغريب بالتفصيل فهذه من مخاطر هذا
+
+268
+00:24:02,580 --> 00:24:07,940
+الغزو الفكريإنه يستهدف القلوب والعقول وتفكير
+
+269
+00:24:07,940 --> 00:24:12,100
+وتبديل الأفكار والقيم والعقائد فيصبح هذا المغزو
+
+270
+00:24:12,100 --> 00:24:17,280
+فكريا قاضعا لهم وكما قال أحد المفكرين المسلمين
+
+271
+00:24:17,280 --> 00:24:23,080
+الكبار مالك بن نبي يصبح عند أهل تلك البلاد المغزوة
+
+272
+00:24:23,080 --> 00:24:29,360
+القابلية للاستعمار بسبب أنهم قابلينمدام هو بيحمل
+
+273
+00:24:29,360 --> 00:24:33,520
+أفكاره و اتطبع بأفكار و قابل أفكاره بصير يتقبل
+
+274
+00:24:33,520 --> 00:24:39,940
+احتلاله و استعماره و بقائه في دياره بصير عنده
+
+275
+00:24:39,940 --> 00:24:42,060
+قابلية لهذا الاستعمار
+
+276
+00:24:45,200 --> 00:24:50,220
+طيب مدام الغرب فكر هذا التفكير الجديد وغير خطته
+
+277
+00:24:50,220 --> 00:24:55,500
+بهذا التغيير وبهذا الشكل يعني هل في فرق كبير بين
+
+278
+00:24:55,500 --> 00:24:59,420
+هذا الشكل الجديد وهذه الخطة الجديدة المسمى بالغزو
+
+279
+00:24:59,420 --> 00:25:03,820
+الفكري وبين الغزو العسكري الذي اعتمده في البداية
+
+280
+00:25:03,820 --> 00:25:08,130
+وخاطفي حروب كثيرة سميت بالحروب الصليبية ولا زال
+
+281
+00:25:08,130 --> 00:25:11,790
+ايضا لا يعني يا أخوات انه الآن اعتمد الغزو الفكر
+
+282
+00:25:11,790 --> 00:25:17,030
+انه انتهى عن الغزو العسكري لأ لازال في بلدان مغزوة
+
+283
+00:25:17,030 --> 00:25:21,730
+ومحتلة وكل يوم لسه فرنسا جديد يعني بتطمع في مالي
+
+284
+00:25:21,730 --> 00:25:26,030
+وهي قضية حديثة جديدة وامريكا لازال يعني لها بقايا
+
+285
+00:25:26,030 --> 00:25:31,170
+هنا و هناك وفي العراق ناهيكم عن القضيةالمركزية
+
+286
+00:25:31,170 --> 00:25:36,330
+للأمة العربية والإسلامية فلسطين التي لازالت محتلة
+
+287
+00:25:36,330 --> 00:25:41,750
+وتحت الاحتلال اذا حتى وهم يعتمد��ن خطة الغزو الفكري
+
+288
+00:25:41,750 --> 00:25:45,230
+لم ينتهوا من غزوهم العسكر عشان يقولنا العنوان ان
+
+289
+00:25:45,230 --> 00:25:48,870
+الحروب الصالبية لم تنتهي بعد نرجع الى السؤال مرة
+
+290
+00:25:48,870 --> 00:25:53,330
+اخرى ما الفرق او الفروق بين الغزو الفكري الجديد
+
+291
+00:25:53,330 --> 00:25:57,270
+وبين الغزو العسكري ونريد ان نسمع من الجميع اذا
+
+292
+00:25:57,270 --> 00:26:03,380
+يعني مفارحوار كبير بدنا نسمع من الجامعة اول هذه
+
+293
+00:26:03,380 --> 00:26:07,600
+الفروق الجوهرية .. اعلينا الصوت شوية عشان الكل
+
+294
+00:26:07,600 --> 00:26:11,520
+يسمع .. اولا الغزو العسكري ماهله؟ ايش هدفه؟ يستهدف
+
+295
+00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:15,820
+الأرض و مافيها من خيار موه و مهل .. نعم .. يستهدف
+
+296
+00:26:15,820 --> 00:26:19,780
+أشرف مافي الإنسان من عقيدة و فكر و قلب و عقلبارك
+
+297
+00:26:19,780 --> 00:26:22,460
+الله فيك .. لما نقول يا أخوات الغزو العسكر يستهدف
+
+298
+00:26:22,460 --> 00:26:26,280
+مش معناه هدفه .. لأ يعني هو بيأتي أين؟ يأتي على
+
+299
+00:26:26,280 --> 00:26:29,420
+الأرض و يبقى على الأرض و بينها بخيراته و بينها و
+
+300
+00:26:29,420 --> 00:26:32,900
+بينها .. لكن هذا الغزو الفكري اليوم هدفه و مش
+
+301
+00:26:32,900 --> 00:26:37,820
+الأرض في حد ذات .. بقدر ما هدفه العقيدة و الدين و
+
+302
+00:26:37,820 --> 00:26:41,520
+الفكر و الثقافة .. و ال .. و إذا مجاله هو العقل و
+
+303
+00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:44,900
+القلب .. لأ مجاله أن يأتي على الأرض و يقاتل على
+
+304
+00:26:44,900 --> 00:26:48,680
+الأرض و يحارب على الأرض .. هي المقصود .. و إلا هدف
+
+305
+00:26:48,680 --> 00:26:52,270
+الأثنين واحد ..هو القضاء على الإسلام والمسلمين و
+
+306
+00:26:52,270 --> 00:27:03,530
+.. نعم .. اتنين من النقاط .. اتفضل الأخت .. لماذا
+
+307
+00:27:03,530 --> 00:27:10,090
+الغزو العسكري يضرب الغزاة أنفسهم؟
+
+308
+00:27:10,090 --> 00:27:18,820
+يعني هذا الغزو العسكريلا يقبله أهل البلاد التي
+
+309
+00:27:18,820 --> 00:27:23,740
+تحتال أرضهم وبالتالي سياثرون عليه ويقاومونه أما
+
+310
+00:27:23,740 --> 00:27:31,040
+الغزو الفكري؟ نعم
+
+311
+00:27:31,040 --> 00:27:36,280
+يفقد المسلمين القدرة والاستعداد للمواجهة والمجابة
+
+312
+00:27:37,290 --> 00:27:40,510
+حتى يكون عندهم القابلية كما قلنا للاستعمار لأنهم
+
+313
+00:27:40,510 --> 00:27:45,290
+بيغزوه فكريا فليه ما يقاتل من يتقبل فكره وافكاره
+
+314
+00:27:45,290 --> 00:27:52,470
+ويتطبع بقيمه وعاداته لن يجده غريبا عنه لأنه مثله
+
+315
+00:27:52,470 --> 00:27:58,410
+مثله سيكون تلاتة تفضل الأخت اللي هنا كنت بالعسكري
+
+316
+00:27:58,410 --> 00:28:02,250
+مش عاوم تحس العمل بيعمل أسلوب ده لأن الواضح اللي
+
+317
+00:28:02,250 --> 00:28:03,350
+حصل ليه
+
+318
+00:28:06,740 --> 00:28:10,880
+يعني قريب من النقطة الثانية من النقطة الثالثة هناك
+
+319
+00:28:10,880 --> 00:28:15,780
+يقول بكلمة يعني يضرب الغزاء أنفسهم أنفسهم هناك
+
+320
+00:28:15,780 --> 00:28:19,680
+يحرك فيهم القدرة على الاستعداد هنا يحرك العمل
+
+321
+00:28:19,680 --> 00:28:24,240
+للاستقلال ليبقى أهل البلاد مهما طال الزمن يعني
+
+322
+00:28:24,240 --> 00:28:28,560
+قابلين الاستعمار العسكري لكنهم يتقبلون الغزو
+
+323
+00:28:28,560 --> 00:28:35,280
+الفكري بفقدانهم للقدرة على المواجهة والمجابة أربعة
+
+324
+00:28:36,970 --> 00:28:40,870
+الغاز العسكري وسائله منافرة لأنها مصلبة بالدمار و
+
+325
+00:28:40,870 --> 00:28:45,890
+القتل و .. و .. و أدمان بينما الغاز العسكري وسائله
+
+326
+00:28:45,890 --> 00:28:50,170
+ناعمة و خادعة مصطوبة بالشهوات و الإقبال منها بيكون
+
+327
+00:28:50,170 --> 00:28:53,500
+أسرع من الغاز العسكري بارك الله فيك و أحسنإذا
+
+328
+00:28:53,500 --> 00:28:57,060
+الغزو العسكر يا أخوات لا أحد يقبله لأنه يأتي
+
+329
+00:28:57,060 --> 00:29:05,260
+بالقتل و بالدما�� و بالاصابات .. إذا هو الوسائل
+
+330
+00:29:05,260 --> 00:29:09,580
+التي يعتمدها الغزو العسكري منفرة كل يكرهها و ينفر
+
+331
+00:29:09,580 --> 00:29:13,540
+منها و يتأذى منها وبالتالي لا أحد يقبل كما قلنا
+
+332
+00:29:13,540 --> 00:29:19,020
+قبل قليل بهذه الوسائل المنفرة الغزو الفكري لا ينفر
+
+333
+00:29:19,020 --> 00:29:27,380
+بل يغري و يرغب و يخدعبهذا البريق اللامع تحت سطار و
+
+334
+00:29:27,380 --> 00:29:34,020
+شعار المدنية و الحداثة و التقدم و التطور و
+
+335
+00:29:34,020 --> 00:29:38,060
+التكنولوجيا و التقدم و لا يقولك انا بدأ غربك و
+
+336
+00:29:38,060 --> 00:29:42,440
+اجعلك غربيا و بتدخلك زيه و بتدخلك تتقدم و تتطور و
+
+337
+00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:48,520
+كذا و كذا و كذا لأن بهذه المظاهر الخادعة و البراقة
+
+338
+00:29:48,520 --> 00:29:51,440
+خمسة .. تفضل يا أخت الورقة
+
+339
+00:30:02,390 --> 00:30:09,610
+و المعصولة ده بدوش عسل، بدوش .. اه كما تفضلت
+
+340
+00:30:09,610 --> 00:30:13,950
+الأخت، ان الغزو العسكري تكاليف ماله باردةباهظة ..
+
+341
+00:30:13,950 --> 00:30:18,350
+بتكلف .. هذا بده جيوش و عتاد و بده انفاق على هذه
+
+342
+00:30:18,350 --> 00:30:22,810
+الجيوش و بده أسلحة .. كل هذه تكاليف و باهظ .. و
+
+343
+00:30:22,810 --> 00:30:26,670
+التكاليف الأكثر القتل .. بتكلفهم أرواح يعني ..
+
+344
+00:30:26,670 --> 00:30:31,610
+أرواح جنود بده تقتل .. لكن الغزو العسكري كما قالت
+
+345
+00:30:31,610 --> 00:30:36,930
+يعني كل بضاعته و سلعته لسان معسول و لسان يتحدث و
+
+346
+00:30:36,930 --> 00:30:42,500
+يغري و يرغب بهذه الأفكارلا يحتاج .. مش معناه
+
+347
+00:30:42,500 --> 00:30:45,780
+بيحتاجش أبدا .. لأ هم بقلفوا و بيعملوا .. لكن ما
+
+348
+00:30:45,780 --> 00:30:49,920
+بيكلفهمش يعني بيخسروش .. بيخسروش مخاسر .. هي المال
+
+349
+00:30:49,920 --> 00:30:52,780
+أخر حاجة بيفكروا فيها .. بيخسروش ضحايا .. هي
+
+350
+00:30:52,780 --> 00:30:55,580
+المقصود بالتكاليف .. بيخسروش ضحايا كما يخسرونها
+
+351
+00:30:55,580 --> 00:30:58,500
+وين؟ في الغزو العسكري .. في الغزو .. بس بل يكون
+
+352
+00:30:58,500 --> 00:31:02,500
+المسلمون هم الضحايا في هذا الغزو الفكري .. لأن من
+
+353
+00:31:02,500 --> 00:31:07,600
+فقد دينه فقد كل شيء .. يعني فقدان الدين هو كل شيء
+
+354
+00:31:07,600 --> 00:31:13,770
+.. مش فقدان المال ولا فقدان أي شيء أخر ..قادة
+
+355
+00:31:13,770 --> 00:31:16,630
+الغزو العسكري وجنودهم يوجدون في مسرح للعمليات
+
+356
+00:31:16,630 --> 00:31:19,410
+والاهتلاف بينما في الغزو الشركي يكون القادة كمان
+
+357
+00:31:19,410 --> 00:31:22,470
+جايزين عن الأحداث نعم بارك الله فيك، برضه نقطة
+
+358
+00:31:22,470 --> 00:31:26,430
+جوهريه، لابد في الغزو العسكري و الاحتلال أن يكون
+
+359
+00:31:26,430 --> 00:31:30,890
+القادة متواجدين في الميدان ويأتوا بأنفسهم ويديروا
+
+360
+00:31:30,890 --> 00:31:35,650
+المعركةوظاهرين وبرزين ومعرفين لكن في الغزو الفكري
+
+361
+00:31:35,650 --> 00:31:42,930
+يستترون ورأس السطار وشعار و أقنعة وخادعة ولا
+
+362
+00:31:42,930 --> 00:31:47,050
+يظهرون .. لا يظهرون .. يظهر فكرهم وينتشر فكرهم وهم
+
+363
+00:31:47,050 --> 00:31:52,090
+غير ظاهرين على الساحة كما يظهرون في الغزو العسل
+
+364
+00:31:52,090 --> 00:31:55,710
+نقطة السابعة والأخيرة الأخوات ما سمعناهم .. فضل
+
+365
+00:31:55,710 --> 00:31:57,290
+أخت الورق .. اه حضرتك
+
+366
+00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:06,740
+هنا بقول كثيرا يعني مش .. معناها فيقله الغزو
+
+367
+00:32:06,740 --> 00:32:12,780
+العسكري لا يجد له كثيرا من الأتباع مقارنة .. هكذا
+
+368
+00:32:12,780 --> 00:32:17,200
+الكلام يفهم مقارنة بالغزو الفكري فنجد له أتباع
+
+369
+00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:20,960
+كثير و هنتكلم بعد قليل على أتباع و أنصار الغزو
+
+370
+00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:25,140
+الفكري و هنشوفهم من أصناف متعددة أما في الغزو
+
+371
+00:32:25,140 --> 00:32:31,140
+العسكريقليل من الناس يعني نسبيا عدد قليل الذي
+
+372
+00:32:31,140 --> 00:32:37,660
+يتقبل ذلك ويقبل ذلك ويعاون المحتل والمستعمر لأن
+
+373
+00:32:37,660 --> 00:32:45,640
+هذه اسمها يعني خيانة لله و للدين و للوطن فمن يقبل
+
+374
+00:32:45,640 --> 00:32:48,920
+هذه الخيانة مش بسهولة فاللي يقبلها بيكون لا دين له
+
+375
+00:32:48,920 --> 00:32:55,810
+أصلالا دين لهو ولا .. ولا ضمير أصلا إنساني حتى من
+
+376
+00:32:55,810 --> 00:33:00,030
+ناحية إنسانية لا يقبل الإنسان الإبن شعبي ووطني أن
+
+377
+00:33:00,030 --> 00:33:06,030
+يقتل بسببه حينما يكون هو متعامل أو عميلا خائنا مع
+
+378
+00:33:06,030 --> 00:33:09,710
+أدوي ضد أهل بلده ووطني لكن في الغزو الفكري بنلاقي
+
+379
+00:33:09,710 --> 00:33:16,220
+كتاب وأقلام وسياسيين وصحفيين وادباءيسويقون لهذا
+
+380
+00:33:16,220 --> 00:33:19,940
+الفكر و بتلاقي عددهم يعني كبير نسبيا بالنسبة
+
+381
+00:33:19,940 --> 00:33:26,840
+لأتباع الغزو العسكري طب ما هي الأهداف أو أهداف
+
+382
+00:33:26,840 --> 00:33:31,720
+الغزو الفكري؟ مدون ان اتحدثنا عنه و رأينا الفوارق
+
+383
+00:33:31,720 --> 00:33:36,920
+بين الغزو الفكري و العسكري أكيد له أهداف و أهداف
+
+384
+00:33:36,920 --> 00:33:38,860
+كثيرة منها واحد فضله
+
+385
+00:33:41,740 --> 00:33:45,520
+إذا هو الآن يريد أن يضرب الإسلام في العمق في القلب
+
+386
+00:33:45,520 --> 00:33:51,960
+من الداخل ويضعف فعليته التي تؤثر في المسلمين
+
+387
+00:33:51,960 --> 00:33:59,240
+فتجعلهم يرفضون الاحتلال والاستعمار وغزو من أي نوع
+
+388
+00:33:59,240 --> 00:34:06,280
+اثنين هنا أخوات فضل الأخت فضل
+
+389
+00:34:11,980 --> 00:34:15,460
+برك الله فيك، هذه كانت مشكلة كبيرة، ربما كانت من
+
+390
+00:34:15,460 --> 00:34:19,780
+أحد الأهداف خلال الحروب الصليبية المتتالية، لأن
+
+391
+00:34:19,780 --> 00:34:26,770
+الإسلام وصل إلى الغرب و إلى بلادهمفكيف يأتي هؤلاء
+
+392
+00:34:26,770 --> 00:34:33,810
+من أقصى البلاد إلى بلادنا وينشروا دينهم عقيدتهم؟
+
+393
+00:34:33,810 --> 00:34:37,890
+طب احنا بدنا نمنعهم من ذلك ونحد من انتشاره ونحد من
+
+394
+00:34:37,890 --> 00:34:43,070
+انتشار هذا الدين وبالتالي خير وسيلة للدفاع ماذا؟
+
+395
+00:34:43,400 --> 00:34:46,640
+الهجوم كالقعد خير وصيرة للدفاع على الهجوم بدل ما
+
+396
+00:34:46,640 --> 00:34:50,320
+ننتظرهم و نستنعهم يأتوا إلى ديارنا بدنا نهجم عليهم
+
+397
+00:34:50,320 --> 00:34:58,100
+لنوقف المد الإسلامي و نحصره داخل حدود لا تجاوزها
+
+398
+00:34:58,100 --> 00:35:02,180
+ثالثا فضلا تجزأت المسلمين أرضا و أمة و فكرا و
+
+399
+00:35:02,180 --> 00:35:07,200
+تشويه صورتهم التاريخية؟هذا الغزو الفكر اليوم يا
+
+400
+00:35:07,200 --> 00:35:12,840
+أخوات من أخطر ما فعل بالمسلمين أنه جزأهم وفرقهم
+
+401
+00:35:12,840 --> 00:35:17,160
+وشوى صورتهم التاريخية الآن المسلمين بعد أن كانوا
+
+402
+00:35:17,160 --> 00:35:22,480
+وحدة واحدة و أمة واحدة وخلافة واحدة ودولة واحدة
+
+403
+00:35:22,480 --> 00:35:27,920
+أصبح اليوم المسلمون أصبحوا فرقا و أحزابا وشيعة
+
+404
+00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:34,630
+وجماعات ويقاتلوا بعضها بعضاولا يتوحدون كما كانوا
+
+405
+00:35:34,630 --> 00:35:43,770
+متحدين من قبل وهناك أقوال كثيرة لمباشرين ومن أصحاب
+
+406
+00:35:43,770 --> 00:35:49,830
+الغزو الفكري يؤكدون هذه الأهداف التي هم عليها
+
+407
+00:35:49,830 --> 00:35:54,590
+نكتفي بقراءة مقالة أحد الصهاين اليهود الكبار وهو
+
+408
+00:35:55,320 --> 00:36:01,900
+أول رئيس وزراء لدولة الكيان المسخ الصوفيوني
+
+409
+00:36:01,900 --> 00:36:07,220
+بينجوريون قال نحن لا نخشى الاشتراكيات ولا الثوريات
+
+410
+00:36:07,220 --> 00:36:11,940
+ولا الديمقراطيات في المنطقة نحن فقط نخشى الإسلام
+
+411
+00:36:11,940 --> 00:36:17,700
+هذا المارد الذي نام طويلا وبدأ يتململ من جديد
+
+412
+00:36:17,700 --> 00:36:23,840
+فالكل يحسب حسابالهذا الدين العظيم لأنهم جربوه عبر
+
+413
+00:36:23,840 --> 00:36:30,560
+التاريخ كيف وحد المسلمين وكيف كان سبب قوتهم طيب
+
+414
+00:36:30,560 --> 00:36:35,540
+ننهي الحديث يا أخوات الحديث عن أتباع وأنصار الغزو
+
+415
+00:36:35,540 --> 00:36:41,940
+الفكري لناخد في تفاصيل هؤلاء أصناف من الناس موجودة
+
+416
+00:36:41,940 --> 00:36:47,700
+وهم أربعة أصناف الصنف الأول همالأجراء سنعرف
+
+417
+00:36:47,700 --> 00:36:51,880
+المقصود بيهم ثم الصنف الثاني هم الخارجون يعني عن
+
+418
+00:36:51,880 --> 00:36:57,220
+الدين والإسلام الصنف الثالث المتهاونون الرابع
+
+419
+00:36:58,980 --> 00:37:03,280
+الجهلة بحقيقة الإسلام كلهم يؤدي دوره في الغزو
+
+420
+00:37:03,280 --> 00:37:07,540
+والفكرة فهؤلاء الأجراء يعني العملاء ودورهم ماضح
+
+421
+00:37:07,540 --> 00:37:13,340
+ومعروف يبيعوا أنفسهم جراء مقابل دراهم معدود فنجد
+
+422
+00:37:13,340 --> 00:37:17,900
+هؤلاء ليسوا عملاء يعني فقط كما هو الحال عندنا لو
+
+423
+00:37:17,900 --> 00:37:23,060
+يقوم بيعني ..يتجسس على أولاد بلديه وشعبي ووطني
+
+424
+00:37:23,060 --> 00:37:26,680
+ويدل العدو عليهم بل قد نجدهم من السياسيين
+
+425
+00:37:26,680 --> 00:37:31,240
+والاقتصاديين والعسكرين والصحافيين والمثقفين
+
+426
+00:37:31,240 --> 00:37:36,740
+يسويقون لهذا الغزو والافكارالصنف الثاني الخارجون
+
+427
+00:37:36,740 --> 00:37:42,180
+عن الدين والإسلام الذين ارتدوا فهؤلاء أبواق سهلة
+
+428
+00:37:42,180 --> 00:37:48,480
+للغزو الفكري طالما أن الواحد منهم لا دين له ولا
+
+429
+00:37:48,480 --> 00:37:53,080
+عقيدة له فما الذي سيمنعه من أن يسوق لهذا الفكر؟أما
+
+430
+00:37:53,080 --> 00:37:58,040
+المتهاونون و هم طبقة موجودة في كل مجتمع مسلم لا
+
+431
+00:37:58,040 --> 00:38:02,800
+يبالي بأحداث ولا بسياسات ولا ما يحدث في المنطقة
+
+432
+00:38:02,800 --> 00:38:07,980
+ليس له هم إلا أن يأكل و يشرب و يتنزه ولا يهتم بأمر
+
+433
+00:38:07,980 --> 00:38:13,300
+المسلمين فهؤلاء يعني أيضا يسوقون لهذا الفكر لأنهم
+
+434
+00:38:13,300 --> 00:38:19,610
+يتقبلونه ولا يكترثون به ولا بخطورتهو بيكونوا يعني
+
+435
+00:38:19,610 --> 00:38:24,710
+دورهم دور سلبي على الأقل آخر هذه الأصناف الأتماء
+
+436
+00:38:24,710 --> 00:38:31,630
+الجهلة بحقيقة الإسلامهؤلاء جهلهم بهذا الدين أيضًا
+
+437
+00:38:31,630 --> 00:38:38,810
+يجعلهم يتقبلون هذا الفكر ويسوقونه أيضًا ويقولون
+
+438
+00:38:38,810 --> 00:38:42,750
+كلامًا لا يدون معنى كثير يوم نشوف في الإعلام و
+
+439
+00:38:42,750 --> 00:38:46,550
+الإذاعات بطلع فلان برفض الرئيس فلان و وزعيم لماذا؟
+
+440
+00:38:46,550 --> 00:38:51,450
+وخلاص و برفضوا بس لا عنده فكر ولا فهم ولا عنده كذا
+
+441
+00:38:51,450 --> 00:38:56,800
+مجرد أنه يريد هذا الجهلالطامة الكبرى يعني موجود من
+
+442
+00:38:56,800 --> 00:39:00,700
+أصناف هؤلاء الناس ويدافع عن الفكر الآخر أو البديل
+
+443
+00:39:00,700 --> 00:39:06,960
+أو الغربي المعارض والمناقض للإسلام نقف يعني عند
+
+444
+00:39:06,960 --> 00:39:11,640
+وسائل الغزو الفكري في المحاضرة القادمة نتحدث ان
+
+445
+00:39:11,640 --> 00:39:15,420
+شاء الله عن وسائل الغزو الفكري وبارك الله فيكم
+
+446
+00:39:15,420 --> 00:39:17,820
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwZZ8ASUiLEKVKvwcEdfmB_y/O8RkMVpmNKA_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1108 @@
+1
+00:00:05,210 --> 00:00:08,730
+الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف
+
+2
+00:00:08,730 --> 00:00:13,450
+الخلق وسيد المرسلين سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه
+
+3
+00:00:13,450 --> 00:00:18,490
+أجمعين اللهم لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت
+
+4
+00:00:18,490 --> 00:00:23,730
+العلم الحكيم اللهم علمنا ما ينفعنا وانفعنا بما
+
+5
+00:00:23,730 --> 00:00:29,710
+علمتنا وازدنا علمة آمين يا رب العالمين أما بعد وقد
+
+6
+00:00:29,710 --> 00:00:37,600
+كانكلامنا في المحاضرة الماضية عن الغلو والتطرف
+
+7
+00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:42,620
+عرفنا من خلال المحاضرة الماضية معنى الغلو والتطرف
+
+8
+00:00:42,620 --> 00:00:51,590
+وأنواع الغلو والتطرف وقولنا إن أنواعه نوعانغلو
+
+9
+00:00:51,590 --> 00:01:00,170
+اعتقادي كله يخص الاعتقاد و هو في كليات الإسلام و
+
+10
+00:01:00,170 --> 00:01:05,110
+غلو عملي في الأعمال و العبادات و قلنا ان الغلو
+
+11
+00:01:05,110 --> 00:01:11,190
+الاعتقادي الكله أخطر بكثير من الغلو العملي و هنا
+
+12
+00:01:11,190 --> 00:01:18,890
+يطرق السؤال و هو هل كله غلويكفر به صاحبه أم أن
+
+13
+00:01:18,890 --> 00:01:26,050
+هناك غلو يكفر صاحبه وغلو لا يكفر صاحبه هذا السؤال
+
+14
+00:01:26,050 --> 00:01:30,670
+نجيب عليه من خلال التمييز بين النوعين من أنواع
+
+15
+00:01:30,670 --> 00:01:35,630
+الغلو الغلو الذي يكفر به صاحبه أو يكفر به صاحبه
+
+16
+00:01:35,630 --> 00:01:39,510
+والغلو الذي لا يكفر به صاحبه فما هو الغلو الذي
+
+17
+00:01:39,510 --> 00:01:46,170
+يكفر به صاحبه هوكما يقول العلماء ما كان عائدا
+
+18
+00:01:46,170 --> 00:01:53,650
+بالابطال على أمر مجمع عليه يعني أن يبطل المغالي
+
+19
+00:01:53,650 --> 00:02:00,450
+أمرا مجمعا عليه يبطله يعني ينفيه ويكون هذا الأمر
+
+20
+00:02:00,450 --> 00:02:05,210
+متواتر من الشرع يعني فيه نصوص متواتر ومعلوم من
+
+21
+00:02:05,210 --> 00:02:10,680
+الدين بالضرورةكمن ينكر شيئا معلوما من الدين
+
+22
+00:02:10,680 --> 00:02:16,120
+بالضرورة فهذا المغالي كافر لأنه أنكر معلوما من
+
+23
+00:02:16,120 --> 00:02:23,060
+الدين بالضرورة متواتر من الشرع مجمع عليه أو ما كان
+
+24
+00:02:23,060 --> 00:02:30,780
+عائدا بالإثبات لأمر علم من الشرع إبطاله بالضرورة
+
+25
+00:02:30,780 --> 00:02:35,780
+الحالة الأولى أن يبطل الحالة الثانية أن يثبت أمر
+
+26
+00:02:36,950 --> 00:02:41,570
+أتى الشرع ببطلانة أو بابطالة كمان يثبتوا شيئا
+
+27
+00:02:41,570 --> 00:02:49,700
+معلوما من الدينأنه باطل وهو باطل هو يثبت هذا
+
+28
+00:02:49,700 --> 00:02:54,540
+الباطل فيكون مغاليا ففي الحالتين وفي الأمرين سواء
+
+29
+00:02:54,540 --> 00:03:00,620
+أبطل ما هو مجمع عليه أي نفى وأنكر أو أثبت ما هو
+
+30
+00:03:00,620 --> 00:03:05,600
+باطل فهذا الغلو يغفر به صاحبه لأنه في الحالتين
+
+31
+00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:12,060
+ينكره شيئا معلوما من الدين بالضرورة أو يثبت شيئا
+
+32
+00:03:12,790 --> 00:03:18,830
+نفاه الشرع وعلم بالضرورة إبطاله أما الغلو الذي لا
+
+33
+00:03:18,830 --> 00:03:23,790
+يكفر به صاحبه فهو الغلو الذي يتجاوز حدود الله
+
+34
+00:03:23,790 --> 00:03:30,750
+بالزيادة عليه وهذه الزيادة تقتضي الوقوع في الحرام،
+
+35
+00:03:30,750 --> 00:03:33,810
+الوقوع في ما حرم الله من المعاصر، يعني هذا الغلو
+
+36
+00:03:33,810 --> 00:03:40,790
+يختص بالوقوع في المعاصر، الزيادةفي او زيادة اقتضي
+
+37
+00:03:40,790 --> 00:03:45,730
+الوقوع فيما حرم الله وهذا الأمر لا يلزم منه تكذيب
+
+38
+00:03:45,730 --> 00:03:50,150
+بكتاب الله أو بما جاء به رسول الله صلى الله عليه
+
+39
+00:03:50,150 --> 00:03:56,790
+وسلم لأن التكذيب كفر كما أن التصديق هو الإيمان
+
+40
+00:03:56,790 --> 00:04:01,410
+الإيمان هو التصديق فالكفر هو التكذيب لكن طالما أنه
+
+41
+00:04:01,410 --> 00:04:06,910
+لميكذب بكتاب الله أو بشيء مما أرسله به رسول الله
+
+42
+00:04:06,910 --> 00:04:13,030
+صلى الله عليه وسلم وفقط وتجاوز الحدود وزاد على ما
+
+43
+00:04:13,030 --> 00:04:19,290
+شرعه الله يقول هذا وقوع في المعصية وصاحبه مغالي
+
+44
+00:04:19,290 --> 00:04:23,550
+لكن غيره كافر كما هو الحال في الحالة الأولى
+
+45
+00:04:26,270 --> 00:04:31,950
+طيب لماذا هذا التفريق بين الحكمين أنه في غلو يكفر
+
+46
+00:04:31,950 --> 00:04:36,770
+صاحبه وغلو لا يكفر صاحبه؟ هذا التفريق يظهر أثره
+
+47
+00:04:36,770 --> 00:04:43,390
+حين التعامل مع الغلاف فيعاقب المغالي غلوا مكفرا
+
+48
+00:04:43,390 --> 00:04:50,770
+بما لا يعاقب به المغالي غلوا غير مكفركما يتضح
+
+49
+00:04:50,770 --> 00:04:55,970
+أيضًا في خطورة إطلاق القول بتكفير كل أهل الغلو لا
+
+50
+00:04:55,970 --> 00:05:01,650
+نقول كل المغالين كفار لا نقول هذه العبارة على
+
+51
+00:05:01,650 --> 00:05:06,870
+الإطلاق لأن هناك غلو يكفر صاحبه و هناك غلو لا يكفر
+
+52
+00:05:06,870 --> 00:05:15,770
+صاحبه ليه الغلو والتطور في آثار كثيرة وخطيرة أيضًا
+
+53
+00:05:17,010 --> 00:05:24,950
+وهي كما قلنا كثيرة لكن نذكر منها على سبيل المثال
+
+54
+00:05:24,950 --> 00:05:32,210
+فقط من هذه الأثار الخطيرة التفرق والاختلاف فالغلوب
+
+55
+00:05:32,210 --> 00:05:39,850
+والتطرف سبب من أثار التفرق والاختلاف كما قال عليه
+
+56
+00:05:39,850 --> 00:05:44,540
+الصلاة والسلامبعد ذكره لتفرق اليهود والنصارى
+
+57
+00:05:44,540 --> 00:05:50,400
+وتفترق أمتي على ثلاث وسبعين فرق هذا أثر من أثار
+
+58
+00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:57,160
+الغلو لأن المغالي أو الغلاء كل صنف وجماعة منهم
+
+59
+00:06:00,590 --> 00:06:07,490
+ينشئوا جماعة وطائفة ربما حزبا هذه الجماعة وطائفة
+
+60
+00:06:07,490 --> 00:06:12,850
+وفرقة تختلف عن باقي الفرق والجماعات الأخرى ومن هنا
+
+61
+00:06:12,850 --> 00:06:17,150
+يأتي التفرق والاختلاف ومن أثر الغلو أيضا التطاول
+
+62
+00:06:17,150 --> 00:06:24,790
+على الشريعة واتهامها بالنقصانفمن يغالي ويزيد على
+
+63
+00:06:24,790 --> 00:06:29,370
+الشريعة ويأتي بما لم يأتي به الشرع كأنه يتهم
+
+64
+00:06:29,370 --> 00:06:34,730
+الشريعة بالنقصان ومن الآثار أيضًا للغلوب التطرف
+
+65
+00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:40,810
+الإفراط في التدايمالإفراط في التدين لإثبات الذات
+
+66
+00:06:40,810 --> 00:06:48,370
+أنه يأتي بشيء أكثر مما هو المفروض وكأنه يتميز عن
+
+67
+00:06:48,370 --> 00:06:54,130
+الآخرين ويتهم من يأتي بالوسطية والاعتدال الذي
+
+68
+00:06:54,130 --> 00:07:00,990
+أراده الله تعالى يتهمه بالتقصير والتهاومأيضا من
+
+69
+00:07:00,990 --> 00:07:06,910
+أثار الغلوب والتطرف التناقض عند الغلاء في أفهامهم
+
+70
+00:07:06,910 --> 00:07:14,990
+فالغلاء أكثر الناس تفرقا وتناقضا لأنهم يستدلون
+
+71
+00:07:14,990 --> 00:07:21,990
+بأدلة الكتاب والسنة صحيح لكن هذه الأدلة تكون ضدهم
+
+72
+00:07:21,990 --> 00:07:29,210
+ضدهم وأدلة تخالفهم يعني حجة عليهم لا حجة لهمومن
+
+73
+00:07:29,210 --> 00:07:33,530
+هنا يحدث ثاناء التناقض في الأفام فهم أخذوا بظاهر
+
+74
+00:07:33,530 --> 00:07:38,450
+النصوص أو أولوها بما يتناسب مع فكرهم من الأثار
+
+75
+00:07:38,450 --> 00:07:43,490
+أيضًا التعصب للرأي وعدم الاعتراف بالرأي الآخر
+
+76
+00:07:43,490 --> 00:07:49,330
+فالمغالي والمتطرف يعتقد ويظن أنه وحده على الحق ومن
+
+77
+00:07:49,330 --> 00:07:55,190
+عداه هم على الباطل فلا يعترفوا باجتهادهم أو رأيهم
+
+78
+00:07:56,090 --> 00:08:02,370
+ومن أثار الغلو أنه يورث ما نبتلي به الشقاق والنزاع
+
+79
+00:08:02,370 --> 00:08:08,230
+كما هو من أثر التفرق والاختلاف فرق وجماعات هان حتى
+
+80
+00:08:08,230 --> 00:08:13,730
+في الفرقة الواحدة والجماعة الواحدة نجد الشقاق
+
+81
+00:08:13,730 --> 00:08:19,150
+والنزاع فيما بينهافمثلا الخوارج هم فرقة واحدة
+
+82
+00:08:19,150 --> 00:08:24,350
+وطائفة واحدة وفكرا واحدا لكن نجد أنه خرج منهم
+
+83
+00:08:24,350 --> 00:08:30,890
+عشرون فرق أصبحوا عشرين فرقة بعد أن كانوا فرقة
+
+84
+00:08:30,890 --> 00:08:35,210
+واحدة أو جماعة واحدة أو فكرا واحدة من أثار الغلو
+
+85
+00:08:35,210 --> 00:08:43,120
+والتطرف أيضا الانقطاع عن الطاعاتلهذا أرشد النبي
+
+86
+00:08:43,120 --> 00:08:47,880
+صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى ترك الغلو في العبادة لأنه
+
+87
+00:08:47,880 --> 00:08:52,760
+في النهاية يؤدي إلى تركها فقال إن هذا الدين يسر
+
+88
+00:08:52,760 --> 00:09:00,260
+ولن يشد الدين أحد إلا غلبه إذا أراد أن يأتي بشيء
+
+89
+00:09:00,260 --> 00:09:07,280
+لم يأتي به الدين ويشد على نفسه بما لم يشد الله أو
+
+90
+00:09:07,280 --> 00:09:13,100
+رسوله عليهسيغلب و سيغلبه الدين بيسره هو يريد ان
+
+91
+00:09:13,100 --> 00:09:18,580
+يشدد و الدين يسر فالدين هو الذي يغلب اليسر هو الذي
+
+92
+00:09:18,580 --> 00:09:23,740
+يغلبه تشدده و لن يستطيع ان يكمل هذا الطريق مما
+
+93
+00:09:23,740 --> 00:09:30,500
+يؤدي الى انقطاع عن الطاعة ايضا الغلو والتطرف سبب
+
+94
+00:09:30,500 --> 00:09:37,680
+لهلاك الأمم و الله تعالى عاب على اهل الكتاب و ذمهم
+
+95
+00:09:38,410 --> 00:09:43,610
+بالغلو الذي كانوا عليه بقوله يا أهل الكتاب لا تغلو
+
+96
+00:09:43,610 --> 00:09:49,950
+في دينكم ولا تقولوا على الله إلا الحق ومن أثاره
+
+97
+00:09:49,950 --> 00:09:57,850
+أيضا الخروج عن الدين والتنفير من الدين فالمغالون
+
+98
+00:09:59,060 --> 00:10:07,100
+يظهرون صورة سيئة عن الدين والتدين ومشوهة بل ومنفرة
+
+99
+00:10:07,100 --> 00:10:13,800
+تجعل الناس يقولون هذا هو الدينفينفرون من هذا الدين
+
+100
+00:10:13,800 --> 00:10:19,040
+ولذلك حذر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من التنفير من
+
+101
+00:10:19,040 --> 00:10:26,180
+الدين في قوله إن منكم منفرين بشروا ولا تنفروا هناك
+
+102
+00:10:26,180 --> 00:10:32,480
+من ينفر من هذا الدين بغلوه وتطرفه واتيانه بما لم
+
+103
+00:10:32,480 --> 00:10:40,250
+يأتي به الشرع كذلك كما قلنا فيالغلو والتطرف تشويه
+
+104
+00:10:40,250 --> 00:10:47,190
+لصورة الإسلام لأن الناس اعتادوا على عدم الفصل بين
+
+105
+00:10:47,190 --> 00:10:53,010
+الدين والمتدين فأفعال المنتسبين إلى الدين تنسبوا
+
+106
+00:10:53,010 --> 00:10:56,950
+في العادة إلى الدين فيقول الناس هذا هو الدين من
+
+107
+00:10:56,950 --> 00:11:03,150
+خلال سلوك المتدينين إذا كان سلوكهم مغاليا ومتطرفا
+
+108
+00:11:03,620 --> 00:11:12,080
+وخارجا عن طبيعة ومنهج الدين سيشوه ذلك صورة الدين
+
+109
+00:11:12,080 --> 00:11:19,760
+وينفر الناس منه هناك أسباب عديدة للغلو تجعل
+
+110
+00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:26,160
+المغالي يقع في هذا الغلو والمتطرف يقع في هذا
+
+111
+00:11:26,160 --> 00:11:34,250
+التطرف وهي أسباب عديدة هذه الأسباب هي الجهلوالتلقي
+
+112
+00:11:34,250 --> 00:11:43,110
+عن أهل الجهل وهذا من أكبر الأسباب لكل شيء يقع فيه
+
+113
+00:11:43,110 --> 00:11:48,290
+الإنسان ويخطئ فيه ويتجاوز فيه الصواب أصله الجهل
+
+114
+00:11:48,290 --> 00:11:54,290
+الأصل أن يتعلم الإنسان فاعلم أنه لا إله إلا الله
+
+115
+00:11:54,290 --> 00:11:59,470
+طلب العلم فريضة اقرأفالجاهل والذي يتلقى عن أهل
+
+116
+00:11:59,470 --> 00:12:04,330
+الجاهل لا يفهم دينه حقا الفهم فهذا من أكبر الأسباب
+
+117
+00:12:04,330 --> 00:12:10,330
+وأهم الأسباب في الغلو أنه لا يفهم دينه حقا الأمر
+
+118
+00:12:10,330 --> 00:12:16,320
+الثاني اتباع الهوىوالأوهام والظنون هو لا يتبع منهج
+
+119
+00:12:16,320 --> 00:12:21,100
+الحق و لا يسير على الحق هو يسير على هواه و الله
+
+120
+00:12:21,100 --> 00:12:27,080
+تعالى أيضا ذم من يتبع هواه و يسير على هواه بقول
+
+121
+00:12:27,080 --> 00:12:33,780
+أفرأيت من اتخذ إلهه هواه هناك من يؤله الهوى و يسير
+
+122
+00:12:33,780 --> 00:12:38,800
+على هواه منهجه ما تهواه نفسه لا ما قال الله و ما
+
+123
+00:12:38,800 --> 00:12:43,600
+قال رسوله صلى الله عليه و سلمأيضا من أسباب الغلوب
+
+124
+00:12:43,600 --> 00:12:50,460
+و التطرف اتباع المتشابه و ترك المحكم و الله تعالى
+
+125
+00:12:50,460 --> 00:12:56,980
+يقول عن القرآن منه آيات محكمات هم أم الكتاب و أخره
+
+126
+00:12:56,980 --> 00:13:04,640
+متشابهات المحكم هو المعروف معناه والذي لا يحتمل
+
+127
+00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:10,020
+إلا معنى واحدفصاحب الغلو أو المغالي أو المتطرف
+
+128
+00:13:10,020 --> 00:13:16,860
+يتبع الصنف الثاني من القرآن المتشابه اللي وصف الله
+
+129
+00:13:16,860 --> 00:13:20,720
+تعالى من يتبع هذا المتشابه بأن في قلبه مرض وما
+
+130
+00:13:20,720 --> 00:13:27,350
+الذين في قلوبهم زيغن فيتبعون ما تشابه منهفالذي في
+
+131
+00:13:27,350 --> 00:13:32,610
+قلبه الزير والمرض والهوى يتبع المتشابه ولا يتبع
+
+132
+00:13:32,610 --> 00:13:39,070
+المحكم والمتشابه يعلمه الراصخون في العلم فمن لم
+
+133
+00:13:39,070 --> 00:13:43,630
+يعلم هذا المتشابه يسأل اسألوا أهل الذكر إن كنتم لا
+
+134
+00:13:43,630 --> 00:13:47,210
+تعلموا ولو ردوه إلى الرسول وإلى أول الأمر منهم
+
+135
+00:13:47,210 --> 00:13:52,170
+لعلمه الذين يستنبطونهمنهم الله تعالى يقول
+
+136
+00:13:52,170 --> 00:13:57,730
+والراسخون في العلم يقولون آمنا به كلهم من عند ربنا
+
+137
+00:13:57,730 --> 00:14:03,990
+من أسبابي الغلو أيضا التأويل والتحريف
+
+138
+00:14:05,840 --> 00:14:11,180
+والتأويل إذا لم يكن تأويلا سليما وصحيحا ينقلب إلى
+
+139
+00:14:11,180 --> 00:14:15,940
+التحريف والتحريف أي الميل عن الحق إلى الباطل
+
+140
+00:14:15,940 --> 00:14:22,180
+محرفون الكلمة عن مواضهه يأتي بالآية أو يذكر الآية
+
+141
+00:14:22,180 --> 00:14:28,800
+ويأتي بمعنى بعيد عن المعنى الظاهر والمقصود من هذه
+
+142
+00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:33,140
+الآية وهذا هو التأويل الفاسد والذي معناه التحريف
+
+143
+00:14:35,370 --> 00:14:40,910
+هناك فوق الأسباب التي ذكرناها أسباب علمية ومنهجية
+
+144
+00:14:40,910 --> 00:14:48,980
+تتصل وتتعلق بمنهج الغلاوى المتطرفينالغلاوة
+
+145
+00:14:48,980 --> 00:14:54,180
+المتطرفون يسيرون على منهجية مخالفة لمنهجية الإسلام
+
+146
+00:14:54,180 --> 00:15:00,180
+والقرآن والسنة فمن هذه الأسباب العلمية المنهجية
+
+147
+00:15:00,180 --> 00:15:06,100
+للغلاوة المتطرفين الخلل في منهج الاستدلال انه خلل
+
+148
+00:15:06,100 --> 00:15:12,770
+في منهج الاستدلال هو يعتمد على عقله وتفسيرهوله
+
+149
+00:15:12,770 --> 00:15:17,050
+منهج خاص به ليس هو منهج القرآن والسنة أو منهج
+
+150
+00:15:17,050 --> 00:15:21,550
+العلماء المعتبرين ويعتمد أيضًا على الفلسفات
+
+151
+00:15:21,550 --> 00:15:27,450
+والمنهج الدخيلة على المسلمين وليس طريقة الكتاب
+
+152
+00:15:27,450 --> 00:15:32,830
+والسنة وأيضًا من الأسباب العلمية والمنهجية عدم
+
+153
+00:15:32,830 --> 00:15:41,040
+الجمع بين الأدلة الشرعيةهو يأخذ دليلا من الأدلة
+
+154
+00:15:41,040 --> 00:15:50,760
+التي قد يبدو في ظاهرها بعض الاختلاف فيأخذ دليلا من
+
+155
+00:15:50,760 --> 00:15:56,120
+هذه الأدلة يوافق مذهبه مع أن هناك دليل آخر يخالف
+
+156
+00:15:56,120 --> 00:16:02,080
+هذا فالأصل هو الجمع بين هذه الأدلة أو
+
+157
+00:16:02,840 --> 00:16:06,800
+حتى يعني في معنى آخر لعدم الجمع بين الأدلة أنه
+
+158
+00:16:06,800 --> 00:16:11,200
+يأخذ دليلا واحدا ويترك باقي الأدلة مع أنه قد يكون
+
+159
+00:16:11,200 --> 00:16:16,500
+باقي الأدلة موضحة ومفصلة وربما مقيدة لهذا الدليل
+
+160
+00:16:16,500 --> 00:16:22,700
+الذي أخذ بيه من أيضا أسباب علمية ومنهجية للغلوم
+
+161
+00:16:22,700 --> 00:16:24,780
+غياب الوسطية
+
+162
+00:16:27,610 --> 00:16:35,110
+فغلو بعض المعاصرين قد امات كثيرا من السنن ومعروف
+
+163
+00:16:35,110 --> 00:16:39,790
+قصة الثلاثة الذين جاءوا إلى بيوت ال��بي عليه الصلاة
+
+164
+00:16:39,790 --> 00:16:45,010
+والسلام ولا يريدوا كل واحد منهم أن يسير كما صار
+
+165
+00:16:45,010 --> 00:16:49,130
+رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من الوساطية والاعتدال
+
+166
+00:16:49,460 --> 00:16:55,760
+يقوم ويرقد ويصوم ويفطر ويتزوج النساء هذه الوساطية
+
+167
+00:16:55,760 --> 00:17:01,740
+والاعتدال هو لا يريد ان يفطر كلية بالكلية ولا ان
+
+168
+00:17:01,740 --> 00:17:06,200
+ينام بالكلية ويريد ان لا يتزوج بالكلية هذا غياب
+
+169
+00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:11,120
+للوساطية فهذا هو منهجهم عدم التقيد او الانضباط
+
+170
+00:17:11,120 --> 00:17:17,360
+بالوساطية والاعتدال الذي هو منهج الاسلامأيضا من
+
+171
+00:17:17,360 --> 00:17:22,800
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+الله في معظم البلاد الإسلامية فهو يتعلق بهذه
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+الله فده يكون سببلمنهجيته التي يسير عليها يقول لك
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+00:17:41,890 --> 00:17:45,330
+أين الإسلام أين المسلمون أين الحكم بما أنزل الله
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+أين الحكم بالقرآن لا أحد يحكم بالإسلام لا أحد يحكم
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+فأولئك هم الكافرون ويكفر عموم المسلمين حكاما
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+179
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+والمنكرات وحمايتهفينظر إلى المجتمع فيرا الفواحش
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+يأتي من هذا الباب ومن هذا الجانب ويتهم هذه الحكومة
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+00:18:19,540 --> 00:18:26,160
+بالكفر والضلال والانحراف لأنه ترك هذا المجتمع دون
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+184
+00:18:26,160 --> 00:18:29,880
+أن تراقب أو تحاسب في ذلك
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+185
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+يوجد في العالم الإسلامي اليوم جماعات يقوم فكرها
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+على الغلو والتطرفو هي بغلوها و تطرفها هذا تعيد
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+187
+00:18:47,060 --> 00:18:53,600
+سيرة الخوارج الأولى في تكفيرهم للمسلمين و لغلوهم و
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+188
+00:18:53,600 --> 00:18:59,700
+تطرفهم مظاهر كثيرة يظهروا فيها هذا الغلو و التطرف
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+00:18:59,700 --> 00:19:05,180
+و اقصدوا بخوارج اليوم خوارج اليوم انهم غلو و تطرف
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+190
+00:19:05,180 --> 00:19:12,500
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+191
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+مشتركة ليه؟هؤلاء المغالين والمتطرفين اليوم الذين
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+192
+00:19:18,180 --> 00:19:23,860
+يطلق عليهم خوارج اليوم وهم أهل التكفير والمكفرين
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+193
+00:19:23,860 --> 00:19:29,280
+للمسلمين كما كان يكفرهم الخوارج قديما من هذه
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+194
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+وردة ويجب الهجرة منها وأيضا من مظاهر غلوة استحلال
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+196
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+القتال من خالفهم في منهجهممدامه على الكفر على
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+197
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+198
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+المسلمين بحجة قتال الجماعات المنحرفة ومصادرة
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+200
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+أمواله دون وجه حقكذلك من هذه المظاهر، المظاهر
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+201
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+الغلو الخروج عن جماعة المسلمين وحصر الحق في منهجهم
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+202
+00:20:16,360 --> 00:20:22,380
+فيتهمون من يخالفهم بأنه خارج عن جماعة المسلمين
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+203
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+التي هي جماعتهم في ظنهم واعتقادهم وكان
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+204
+00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:34,960
+آخر ادعاء هؤلاءالمغالين والمتطرفين الذين يطلق
+
+205
+00:20:34,960 --> 00:20:39,760
+عليهم خوارج اليوم ادعاؤهم الخلافة وأن لهم خليفة
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+206
+00:20:39,760 --> 00:20:46,140
+وتجب بيعته ومن لم يبايع هذا الخليفة إذا هو خارج عن
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+207
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+جماعة المسلمين وإمامهم الذي هو إمام هذه الجماعة
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+208
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+وخليفة هذه الجماعة أيضا من مظاهر الغلوالموجود عند
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+209
+00:20:58,710 --> 00:21:04,490
+خوارج اليوم ان ليس فيهم علماء معروفون ومشهود لهم
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+210
+00:21:04,490 --> 00:21:11,890
+بالعلم عند المسلمين وهذا ما وصفهم به رسول الله صلى
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+211
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+الله عليه وسلم ما وصف به خوارج الأمس وينطبق على
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+212
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+خوارج اليوم حدثاء الأسناني سفهاء الأحلامسنهم صغير
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+213
+00:21:24,520 --> 00:21:31,580
+صغار وأحلامهم أي عقولهم سفيهة ليس فيهم أهل علم
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+214
+00:21:31,580 --> 00:21:37,610
+وأولو علمستة من المظاهر مظاهر الغلوب جميع ما
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+215
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+اتصفوا بيه مما ذكرناه سابقا دفعهم إلى الغرور
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+216
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+والتعالي على المسلمين وزعموا فوق أنهم هم أهل الحق
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+217
+00:21:47,890 --> 00:21:52,950
+وأنهم على الحق وأنهم وحدهم المجاهدون في سبيل الله
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+218
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+وحتى كفروا المجاهدين من أهل فلسطين وغيرهم لأن
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+219
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+جهادهم هو الجهاد الحق لأنهم أو لأن لهم خليفة وإمام
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+220
+00:22:04,890 --> 00:22:10,410
+يقودوا جهادهم وباقي الجماعات ليس لهم خليفة ولا
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+221
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+إمام إذن جهاد هؤلاء ليس جهادا معتبرا أما جهادهم هو
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+222
+00:22:16,830 --> 00:22:20,990
+الجهاد المعتبر وهم المجاهدون حقا
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+223
+00:22:24,770 --> 00:22:29,210
+ليه الغلو ملامح كثيرة ومجالات متعددة يظهر فيها
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+224
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+منها ما يتعلق بثقه النصوص ومنها ما يتعلق بالأحكام
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+ومنها ما يتعلق بالموقف من الآخرين أما ما يتعلق
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+226
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+بثقه النصوص فيفسرون النصوص تفسيرا متشددا ويبحثوا
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+227
+00:22:48,930 --> 00:22:57,160
+بحثا عن التشددويبحث بحثا عن التحريم وهو يدعو الله
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+228
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+حينما يبحث عن المسألة أن تكون حراما كأنه مشغوف أو
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+229
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+شغوف بالحرام ويريد أن يكون الأمر حراما وكأنه يصور
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+230
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+الناس أن الله تعالى قد حرم كل شيء ولم يبحث ولم يحل
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+231
+00:23:14,520 --> 00:23:20,230
+شيئا وهذا هو التشدد الذي يتبعه هؤلاءكذلك تكلف
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+232
+00:23:20,230 --> 00:23:25,010
+التعمق في معاني التنزيل ما لم يكلف به المسلم
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+233
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+تعمقون في معاني ما أنزل الله بها من السلطان ولم
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+234
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+يكلف بها المسلمكذا في جانب الفقه النصوص أما الجانب
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+235
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+المتعلق بالأحكام فذلك بأحد أمرين إما أن يلزم نفسه
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+00:23:43,020 --> 00:23:49,720
+أو الآخرين بما لم يلزمهم أو يوجب الله تعالى يجبه
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+237
+00:23:49,720 --> 00:23:51,920
+عليهم و
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+238
+00:23:55,100 --> 00:24:03,620
+هذا الإلزام هو تتنطع وغلو وتطرف وتشدد حينما يلزم
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+239
+00:24:03,620 --> 00:24:07,560
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+240
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+يلزمهم به فكيف أنت تأتي بإلزام الناس تقولهم هذا
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+241
+00:24:14,160 --> 00:24:19,040
+فرض و هو سنة أو هذا واجب و هو ليس بيه واجب سواء
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+242
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+على نفسك أو على الآخرينأو يحرم ما أباحه الله تعالى
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+243
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+من الطيبات وهو يتعبد بهذا التحريم يحرم على نفسه
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+244
+00:24:31,160 --> 00:24:36,640
+ويحرم على الآخرين ما أباحه الله تعالى كما قلنا
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+245
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+دائما المثالالذي بين أي��ينا حديث النفر الثلاثة
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+246
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+247
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+ويصوم على طول ويتزوج على طول ويترك الزواج على طول
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+249
+00:24:59,330 --> 00:25:06,500
+للأكل والشرب والزواج والمتع الحلالوحرّم ما أحلى
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+250
+00:25:06,500 --> 00:25:11,760
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+251
+00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:16,960
+من حرّم زينة الله التي أخرج لعباده والطيبات من
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+252
+00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:22,800
+الرزق مين اللي بيجرؤ على تحريم ما أحلى الله تعالى
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+253
+00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:28,640
+أيضا من هذا الغلو المتعلق بالأحكام ترك الضروريات
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+254
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+أو بعضهاكالأكل والشوربي والنومي و أيضا نفس المثال
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+255
+00:25:34,070 --> 00:25:39,250
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+256
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+الضرورياتمن الغلو المتعلق بالموقف من الآخرين كأن
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+257
+00:25:47,330 --> 00:25:54,570
+يقف المغالي من البعض موقف المادح فيغالي في مدحه
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+258
+00:25:54,570 --> 00:26:00,910
+وهذا المدح قد يوصل الممدوح سواء كان فرد أو جماعة
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+259
+00:26:00,910 --> 00:26:07,230
+إلى درجة العصمةفهو إن أخذ عن شيخ أو عن عالم
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+260
+00:26:07,230 --> 00:26:11,750
+بالنسبة له أنه عالم يعتقد أنه معصوم و لا يخطر و أن
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+261
+00:26:11,750 --> 00:26:16,730
+قوله الحقوخاصة إذا كان هو الخليفة الذي يعتقدون هو
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+262
+00:26:16,730 --> 00:26:22,250
+خليفة المسلمين فيعتقدون بأنه معصوم أو كما الحال في
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+263
+00:26:22,250 --> 00:26:28,210
+موضوع في عقيدة الشيعة الذين يعتقدون بعصمة أئمتهم
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+264
+00:26:28,210 --> 00:26:32,890
+أو حتى في المتصوفين حينما يعتقدون أن الأولياء
+
+265
+00:26:32,890 --> 00:26:38,030
+الذين يصفونهم بالأولياء أنهم معصومون وكلها أو كله
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+266
+00:26:38,030 --> 00:26:44,330
+منهج واحد سواء منهج المكفرين أو الشيعة أوالمتصوفين
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+267
+00:26:44,330 --> 00:26:52,470
+الذين يعتقدون بعصمة أوليائهم أو العكسيعني الموقف
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+268
+00:26:52,470 --> 00:26:59,650
+الأول أن يمدح ويغالف المده أو يذوم ويغالف الذنب
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+269
+00:26:59,650 --> 00:27:05,210
+فبدل أن يقول فلان أو هذه الجماعة على خطأ أو على
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+270
+00:27:05,210 --> 00:27:09,750
+ضلال أو على باطل هذه الجماعة على كفر، هذا الشخص
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+271
+00:27:09,750 --> 00:27:13,970
+كافر، هؤلاء كفار، هؤلاء مرتدون، هذا مرتد، هذا
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+272
+00:27:13,970 --> 00:27:20,770
+مارق، هذا .. و هذه الأوصاف و هذه الأحكام التييتصرع
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+273
+00:27:20,770 --> 00:27:27,630
+بها ويصف بها أهل التكفير عموما المسلمين بها ده
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+274
+00:27:27,630 --> 00:27:34,390
+نكون قد انتهينا من الحديث عن الغلو وكل ما يتعلق به
+
+275
+00:27:34,390 --> 00:27:39,790
+وإن شاء الله المحاضرة القادمة ستكون حول اتهام
+
+276
+00:27:39,790 --> 00:27:45,290
+الإسلام والمسلمين بالإرهاب والسلام عليكم ورحمة
+
+277
+00:27:45,290 --> 00:27:46,690
+الله وبركته
+