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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,770 --> 00:00:26,470
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ูƒุชุดู ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,470 --> 00:00:31,430
7
+ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,430 --> 00:00:32,250
11
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:32,250 --> 00:00:37,310
15
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:37,310 --> 00:00:41,470
19
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:41,470 --> 00:00:41,690
23
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:41,690 --> 00:00:45,710
27
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:45,710 --> 00:00:49,170
31
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:49,170 --> 00:00:54,080
35
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… design objectives if you look at the webpage
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:54,080 --> 00:00:58,600
39
+ below is from a manufacturing company's
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:58,600 --> 00:01:03,740
43
+ intranet ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ internet ูˆ ุงู„ู€ intranetุŸ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:03,740 --> 00:01:10,680
47
+ ุญุฏ ุจุชุนุฑูุŸ ุงู„ู€ internet ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ู€
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:14,960
51
+ intranet ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:14,960 --> 00:01:22,060
55
+ intranet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุฉ ู…ุด ุจู€ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:22,060 --> 00:01:26,900
59
+ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:26,900 --> 00:01:32,220
63
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู€ Intranet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ..
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:32,220 --> 00:01:36,060
67
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Internet ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:36,060 --> 00:01:41,580
71
+ ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ู€ Intranet ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:41,580 --> 00:01:45,620
75
+ ุชุชูุฑุฌุชูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:45,620 --> 00:01:50,640
79
+ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุงุด ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ู€ Intranet ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:54,980
83
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุง ู…ุงูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:54,980 --> 00:01:58,400
87
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู‡ุง sharing fileุŒ objectivesุŒ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏูƒ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:58,400 --> 00:02:04,180
91
+ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ูู„ูŠุด ุงุชุทู„ุน company design
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:04,180 --> 00:02:08,100
95
+ procedureุŒ design brief ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู€ design
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:08,100 --> 00:02:13,360
99
+ briefุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ a design brief for the
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:13,360 --> 00:02:17,760
103
+ proposed product should be drawn up by the project
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:21,100
107
+ engineer ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ design brief ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ูุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:21,100 --> 00:02:27,420
111
+ proposed product ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุงู„ู€ product ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠุด
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:27,420 --> 00:02:32,580
115
+ ุงู„ู€ productุŸ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ proposed ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:32,580 --> 00:02:39,450
119
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ should be drawn up ุฅูŠุด drawn upุŸ ู„ุฃ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:39,450 --> 00:02:43,450
123
+ ู…ุด ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุขู†
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:43,450 --> 00:02:48,170
127
+ ุทู„ุนุช drawn up by the project engineer ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:48,170 --> 00:02:54,450
131
+ ุจุชุฌู…ุน ุฃูˆ ุชุญุฏุฏ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุด ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:54,450 --> 00:02:59,810
135
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ุง okay ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ drawn up ู‡ูŠ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:59,810 --> 00:03:04,090
139
+ ุจุชููƒุฑ .. ุจุชุงุฎุฏ .. ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ูƒูƒู„ุฉ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:04,090 --> 00:03:09,830
143
+ ุจู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู… ุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง this should consist
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:09,830 --> 00:03:13,910
147
+ of a detailed list of technical objectives ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ู€
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:13,910 --> 00:03:21,150
151
+ objective ุจุชุฑุชุณู… ูˆู„ุง ุจุชู… ุชุญุฏูŠุฏู‡ุงุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูู€ drawn up
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:21,150 --> 00:03:23,410
155
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุญุฏุฏ determinant
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:28,020 --> 00:03:30,600
159
+ this should consist of a detailed list of
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:33,600
163
+ technical objectives which the design team must
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:33,600 --> 00:03:39,020
167
+ work to in order to produce a design solution ูŠุนู†ูŠ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:39,020 --> 00:03:43,780
171
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ constraints ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:43,780 --> 00:03:47,700
175
+ constraints ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:47,700 --> 00:03:51,480
179
+ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุชุฌ ุฃูŠ ุฅุดูŠ ุจุฏูŠุด ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุชุฌ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:51,480 --> 00:03:55,440
183
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู„ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู„ูƒู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:55,440 --> 00:04:00,390
187
+ ุฅุดูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุญุท ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:00,390 --> 00:04:05,050
191
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุญุท constraints
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:05,050 --> 00:04:11,270
195
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ to produce a design solution ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุญู„ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:11,270 --> 00:04:16,050
199
+ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ design objectives ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:16,050 --> 00:04:20,750
203
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ key elements of the design brief ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:20,750 --> 00:04:24,830
207
+ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช design brief function ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ functionุŸ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:26,980 --> 00:04:31,660
211
+ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุบุฑุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ product ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:31,660 --> 00:04:37,400
215
+ product ุงู„ู€ product intended use ู„ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:44,180
219
+ intend ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… use ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… what is
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:44,180 --> 00:04:49,440
223
+ it is designed to do ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุตู…ู…ุฉ ู„ุชุนู…ู„ including
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:53,860
227
+ performance targets ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ performance targets
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:56,050 --> 00:04:59,970
231
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุฃุฏุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:59,970 --> 00:05:05,010
235
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ strength ุงู„ู…ุชุงู†ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑุด
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:05,010 --> 00:05:12,550
239
+ power ู‚ูˆุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ durability ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:12,550 --> 00:05:19,290
243
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ strength ู…ุชุงู†ุฉ power ู‚ูˆุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:19,290 --> 00:05:23,870
247
+ ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ durability ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:23,870 --> 00:05:28,730
251
+ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุบุงุจุฑุฉ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุŒ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:28,730 --> 00:05:32,730
255
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ูŠูˆุฌุนูˆู‡ุงุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุชุญู…ู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:32,730 --> 00:05:38,490
259
+ ุจุชุฎุฑุจุดุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูƒู„ ูƒุดุชุฑูŠุชู‡ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฑุฎูŠุตุฉุŒ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:38,490 --> 00:05:45,120
263
+ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฎุฑุจุงู†ุฉ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:45,120 --> 00:05:50,200
267
+ ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:53,360
271
+ ูˆุฌุนุช ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุฒุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:57,840
275
+ ุงู„ู…ุชูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูุงู„ู€ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:57,840 --> 00:06:02,120
279
+ ู‡ูŠ what it is intended for ุฃูˆ what it is designed
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:02,120 --> 00:06:06,380
283
+ to do ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:06,380 --> 00:06:12,820
287
+ constraints ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุญู„ูˆู„ ุชุดุชุบู„ ู„ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุจุชู†ูุน
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:12,820 --> 00:06:16,500
291
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุชุตุจุชุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:16,500 --> 00:06:20,740
295
+ constraints limit on the design for example it
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:20,740 --> 00:06:24,200
299
+ must not exceed a maximum size or weight limit
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:28,120
303
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณูˆูŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ remote ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:28,120 --> 00:06:33,860
307
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงู„ู‚ุฏ ุจุทู„ remote ุตุญุŸ ุจุจุทู„ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠู„ู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:35,240 --> 00:06:39,960
311
+ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ูˆูˆุฒู†ู‡ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:44,920
315
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ steel ุชู‚ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ .. ู…ุงุณูƒ ูุชุฑุฉ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:49,620
319
+ ุจุชุชุนุจ ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ูู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠู ูˆุญุฌู…ู‡ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุจูŠู†ู…ุณูƒ ู‡ูŠู‡
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:49,620 --> 00:06:54,900
323
+ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฌู„ู… ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ .. ููƒู„
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:54,900 --> 00:06:59,260
327
+ ุฅุดูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ุง design ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู…ู… ุณุงุนุฉ ุจู†ูุนุด
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:59,260 --> 00:07:03,140
331
+ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุงู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆ ุณุงุนุฉ ุญู‚ุท ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡ุง ู…ุงุญุฏุด
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:03,140 --> 00:07:07,520
335
+ ููŠูƒูˆุง ู‡ูŠุดูˆูู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุจุฏู‡ ู†ุถูˆุฑ ูู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:07,520 --> 00:07:10,600
339
+ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠู
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:10,600 --> 00:07:15,300
343
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดุชุบู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:15,300 --> 00:07:17,440
347
+ constraints ุงู„ู€ constraints ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:21,460
351
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดุชุฑูŠ ุฃูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุณุฃู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุตุงุฑ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:21,460 --> 00:07:26,710
355
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‚ุฏุงุดูŠ ุจุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุตุญุŸ ุตุฑู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:26,710 --> 00:07:30,710
359
+ ูุงู†ุช .. ู‡ุฐุง constraints ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุฃูŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:30,710 --> 00:07:35,530
363
+ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุจุฌูŠุจ ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุดูŠ ุจุชุณุญุจู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:35,530 --> 00:07:39,110
367
+ constraints ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู…ู… ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู…ู… ุจู‡ุฐุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:39,110 --> 00:07:44,050
371
+ comparative target ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ comparative ุงู„ู€
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:44,050 --> 00:07:49,190
375
+ constraints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุญุฏุฏูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:49,190 --> 00:07:55,870
379
+ ุดุฑูˆุท ุงู„ู€ competitive targets ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ูŠุฉุŒ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:55,870 --> 00:07:59,430
383
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุงุฑู† ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:59,430 --> 00:08:03,310
387
+ ุจุงู†ูุนุด ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุญู‚ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู…ุณ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:03,310 --> 00:08:06,630
391
+ ุดูƒู„ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณุจุนุฉ ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ุฃุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู†ู‡ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:06,630 --> 00:08:15,200
395
+ ู‡ุชู…ุดูŠุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุนุฑูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุฑุจู„ู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:19,560
399
+ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฌูˆุชู‡ ู…ู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง how well the
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:19,560 --> 00:08:22,260
403
+ product should perform compared with existing
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:22,260 --> 00:08:28,380
407
+ models ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุจุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุฏุงุฆู‡ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:28,380 --> 00:08:32,780
411
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ existing models
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:32,780 --> 00:08:36,960
415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ competing product already
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:36,960 --> 00:08:40,880
419
+ in the market or the current model that the new
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:46,260
423
+ product will replace ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:52,420
427
+ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ู‡ูŠ current competing product ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:52,420 --> 00:08:57,240
431
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุงู„ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุฃูˆ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:00,160
435
+ current model ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ model ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ุฏุงุช ุงู„ู€ new
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:04,240
439
+ product ูˆ ุงู„ู€ replace ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:04,240 --> 00:09:08,740
443
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ู†ุชุฌ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:08,740 --> 00:09:15,540
447
+ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุญู‚ู‚ุด ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฒูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:15,540 --> 00:09:19,380
451
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู€ Pepsi ูˆ Coca Cola ููŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:19,380 --> 00:09:24,400
455
+ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูƒู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุญุณู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:28,720
459
+ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:28,720 --> 00:09:33,560
463
+ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ุชุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูู†ูุณ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:33,560 --> 00:09:37,960
467
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… Windows ู…ุด ูƒู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:37,960 --> 00:09:43,000
471
+ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุฑุชุงุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ุณุฎ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุถู„ูƒ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:43,000 --> 00:09:46,380
475
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู† ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจุฑูˆูƒ ุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:46,380 --> 00:09:50,540
479
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:50,540 --> 00:09:55,580
483
+ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชุญุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ ..
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:55,580 --> 00:10:00,480
487
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง as ููŠ ุงู„ู€ design brief ุชุจุนุงุช
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:00,480 --> 00:10:01,880
491
+ ุงู„ู€ element ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:05,300 --> 00:10:10,260
495
+ design features ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ design features ุฅูŠุด
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:10,260 --> 00:10:15,520
499
+ features ุงู„ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:15,520 --> 00:10:18,320
503
+ ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒ specific things that the new design must
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:24,080
507
+ have for example a rechargeable battery, a led with a
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:24,080 --> 00:10:29,380
511
+ lock ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ lock ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุฃูˆ ู‚ูู„ ูˆุงู„ู€ led
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:29,380 --> 00:10:33,120
515
+ ุบุทุงูŠุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุจุฏู‡ ุบุทุงูŠุฉุŒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:33,120 --> 00:10:38,400
519
+ ุจุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ูŠุงุŒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒูŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉุŒ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ุงุช
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:38,400 --> 00:10:43,900
523
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒู„ ุฌูˆุงู„ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุนู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:43,900 --> 00:10:49,890
527
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุชุฎู„ูŠูƒูŠ ุชุฑู…ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:49,890 --> 00:10:54,530
531
+ designุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ applicationุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ operating system ุงู„ู€
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:54,530 --> 00:11:01,290
535
+ bandwidth ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ูŠุŒ ู…ูŠุฒุงุช
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:01,290 --> 00:11:04,590
539
+ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู‡ุง ู„ู€ activity
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:04,590 --> 00:11:09,410
543
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง new features ุนุงุฏุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:09,410 --> 00:11:13,090
547
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุญุธู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:13,090 --> 00:11:16,870
551
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ features ุฒุงุฏุช
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:16,870 --> 00:11:20,670
555
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ู„ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:20,670 --> 00:11:27,730
559
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:27,730 --> 00:11:33,790
563
+ communication system ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฌูˆุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:33,790 --> 00:11:40,340
567
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠุฎุตู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชูƒ ู„ู„ู€ homework ู„ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:40,340 --> 00:11:43,540
571
+ ู‡ูˆ communication and computer center ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:43,540 --> 00:11:47,080
575
+ ุฌูˆุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:47,080 --> 00:11:52,120
579
+ ุดูŠุก ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุŒ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ budget ุฅูŠุด
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:56,940
583
+ ุงู„ู€ budgetุŸ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ู€ cost limit
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:56,940 --> 00:12:00,580
587
+ that must not be exceeded in order to make the
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:00,580 --> 00:12:06,300
591
+ designed cost effectiveุŒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุชุจุนูŠ do
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:06,300 --> 00:12:13,660
595
+ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ cost effective ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:13,660 --> 00:12:18,600
599
+ ุฌุฏูˆู‰ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฌูŠุด ุฃุฌูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:24,200
603
+ ุซู…ู†ู‡ุง ุบุงู„ูŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:24,200 --> 00:12:27,980
607
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญุตู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:27,980 --> 00:12:31,560
611
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุฒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:31,560 --> 00:12:36,850
615
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุณุนุฑู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฒุจุงุฆู† ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:36,850 --> 00:12:40,550
619
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุŒ ุชุจุนูŠู†
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:40,550 --> 00:12:43,770
623
+ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุดุงููˆุงุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู„ุง ุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:43,770 --> 00:12:48,490
627
+ ู†ุงุณ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฃุณูˆูŠุŒ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงุฑู ุฃุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:48,490 --> 00:12:52,630
631
+ ุฅูŠุดุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ mass production ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:52,630 --> 00:12:56,310
635
+ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ู„ูƒู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุง
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:59,340 --> 00:13:03,940
639
+ ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ design objectives ุดูู†ุง ุงู„ู€
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:03,940 --> 00:13:07,620
643
+ design objectives ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ design brief ู…ุธุจูˆุท
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:07,620 --> 00:13:11,460
647
+ ุดูู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู€ design
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:11,460 --> 00:13:15,140
651
+ calculationุŒ ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุณุจุงุชุŒ design
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:15,140 --> 00:13:18,920
655
+ information is shown on a drawing and written in
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:18,920 --> 00:13:22,780
659
+ specificationsุŒ ุงู„ู€ design information ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:22,780 --> 00:13:29,260
663
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู…ุงุช ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ..
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:29,260 --> 00:13:35,560
667
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ specificationุŸ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุชุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:35,560 --> 00:13:41,600
671
+ ุฃู†ุชู… ุณู†ุฉ ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ุจูƒุฑุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุชุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุฃูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:45,480
675
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ specification sheet ู„ุชุดูˆููŠ ุฅูŠุด
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:45,480 --> 00:13:49,640
679
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฃูˆ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:53,880
683
+ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทู‡ุงุŒ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:53,880 --> 00:13:57,600
687
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:57,600 --> 00:14:02,740
691
+ ุดุฑูŠุชูŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชูุชุญ ุงู„ู€ specification
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:02,740 --> 00:14:06,600
695
+ sheetุŒ ูุชุญุชูŠู‡ุŒ ู…ุด ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนู‡ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ุฏู„ูŠู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:06,600 --> 00:14:11,240
699
+ ุจุชูุชุญูŠู‡ุŒ ุจุชุทู„ุนูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชููƒุฑูˆุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุชุจู‡ุŸ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:11,240 --> 00:14:16,230
703
+ ุฃู†ุชู…ุŒ ู…ุด ุญุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ู€ engineers ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ design
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:19,910
707
+ specifications documents which describe the
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:23,950
711
+ materials, sizes and technical requirements of the
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:23,950 --> 00:14:27,450
715
+ componentsุŒ ู„ุฃู† specification ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ design ู…ุด
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:27,450 --> 00:14:30,910
719
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ final productุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:30,910 --> 00:14:35,710
723
+ ู„ู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุงุช ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตู…ู…ูˆุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:35,710 --> 00:14:41,900
727
+ ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ material ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฃุญุฌุงู…
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:41,900 --> 00:14:45,920
731
+ and technical requirement of the componentsุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:45,920 --> 00:14:51,580
735
+ ุฃุจุณุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุจูŠุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุญุฏุฏ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:51,580 --> 00:14:55,980
739
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุณู…ูƒู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:56,940 --> 00:15:03,080
743
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฃุญุฌุงู… ุชุจุนู‡ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฏุงู† ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูˆูŠู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:03,080 --> 00:15:08,320
747
+ ูŠุฑุจุทูˆุง ุณู„ูˆูƒ ูˆูŠู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฃุณุงูˆุฑุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:08,320 --> 00:15:12,860
751
+ ุงู„ู€ ู‚ุงุฑุทุฉ ู…ูุตู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ mechanical ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุกุŒ ุงู„ู€ electrical
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:12,860 --> 00:15:16,520
755
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุชุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ components ูˆู‚ุฏุงุด ุญุฌู…ู‡ุงุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:16,520 --> 00:15:21,060
759
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ specificationุŒ ุนุดุงู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุฃู†ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:21,060 --> 00:15:24,620
763
+ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุตู…ู… ูŠุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:24,620 --> 00:15:30,450
767
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุŒ in order to specify this detailed
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:30,450 --> 00:15:38,550
771
+ information an engineer must evaluateุŒ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:38,550 --> 00:15:44,790
775
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆุตู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ูŠุฉุŒ an engineer must
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:44,790 --> 00:15:51,410
779
+ evaluateุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ evaluateุŸ ูŠู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุฅูŠุด ูŠู‚ูŠู…
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:51,410 --> 00:15:55,470
783
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ this is identify and calculateุŒ ู…ุนู†ู‰
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:55,470 --> 00:16:02,690
787
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชุนุฑู ูˆูŠุญุฏุฏุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:02,690 --> 00:16:08,710
791
+ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ูˆูŠุญุณุจุŒ ู‡ูŠ evaluateุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุฏุฏ ุฅูŠู‡ุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู€ loads ูˆ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:08,710 --> 00:16:12,790
795
+ ุงู„ู€ loads ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ forces ููŠ ุงู„ู€
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:12,790 --> 00:16:17,410
799
+ mechanicalุŒ ุงู„ู€ loads ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ forces ููŠ ุงู„ู€
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:17,410 --> 00:16:21,590
803
+ mechanical engineering ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู€ static ูˆ ุงู„ู€ dynamic
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:21,590 --> 00:16:25,610
807
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง .. ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ .. ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุนู…ุงุฑุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:25,610 --> 00:16:29,510
811
+ ู‡ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ .. ู…ุงุฏุชูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ static ูˆูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:29,510 --> 00:16:35,390
815
+ dynamicsุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ forcesุŒ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุฑุช
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:35,390 --> 00:16:39,330
819
+ ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ .. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ loadsุŸ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:39,330 --> 00:16:44,090
823
+ ุจุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุŸ ู…ุง ุฃุนุฑูุด ุฒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุช .. ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ..
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:44,090 --> 00:16:49,110
827
+ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉุŒ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… .. ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:49,110 --> 00:16:53,570
831
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:53,570 --> 00:16:58,630
835
+ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆูŠุญุณุจู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุทูˆุงุช
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:58,630 --> 00:17:02,130
839
+ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ that key components will have to carryุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:02,130 --> 00:17:06,810
843
+ ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ุดูŠุก ูˆุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุญู…ู„ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถู…ู† ุฃู†
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:06,810 --> 00:17:09,750
847
+ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ components ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:09,750 --> 00:17:15,140
851
+ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฏุฑุฌ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:15,140 --> 00:17:20,480
855
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุนุดุฑ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:24,560
859
+ ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ ุงู„ู€ ุฃุณุงู†ุณูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ุนุฏุฏ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:30,720
863
+ ุงู„ุญู…ูˆู„ุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุชุฌุงูˆุฒุช ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠุŸ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:35,680
867
+ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ุชุณูˆูŠุฑ ูˆุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุชุดุชุบู„ุด ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ safety
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:35,680 --> 00:17:40,080
871
+ ู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ู†ุญู† ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุงุŒ ูู‡ูˆ .. ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:40,080 --> 00:17:44,660
875
+ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุจุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ู‚ุทุน ูˆูŠูˆู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:44,660 --> 00:17:50,040
879
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงู…ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ design ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:55,220
883
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดูˆููŠ ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุด ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ู‡ุŒ to do this the
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:55,220 --> 00:18:00,360
887
+ engineer needs to determineุŒ to determine ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:00,360 --> 00:18:07,900
891
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ูŠุญุฏุฏุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ identify the different loads then
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:07,900 --> 00:18:14,780
895
+ quantify themุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด quantify themุŸ ููŠู‡ qualify
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:14,780 --> 00:18:21,800
899
+ ูˆ quantifyุŒ ุงู„ู€ qualitative ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูŠูƒู…ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุญุฏุฏ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:28,540
903
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆ quantify ูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏุŒ calculate them in
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:28,540 --> 00:18:35,280
907
+ number formุŒ ูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏุŒ quantified usually each
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:35,280 --> 00:18:39,540
911
+ load is quantified based on a worst case scenario
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:39,540 --> 00:18:45,960
915
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ worst case scenarioุŸ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:45,960 --> 00:18:51,740
919
+ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุตู…ู…ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุจุชุตู…ู…ูŠ ู„ู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:51,740 --> 00:18:58,280
923
+ ุจุชุตู…ู…ูŠุŸ ู„ุฃ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุชุŒ ูƒู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุบู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุงุช ูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:03,040
927
+ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุจู†ุตุทู„ุน ุนูŠุดุŒ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆู…ุด
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:03,040 --> 00:19:07,280
931
+ ุจุณ ุจู†ุณูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุจู†ุถูŠู ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงุญุชูŠุงุทุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:07,280 --> 00:19:12,080
935
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ู€ safety ุฃู‡ู… ุนู†ุตุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:17,060
939
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุนูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฑุณ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุฏุฑุณ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:17,060 --> 00:19:20,680
943
+ ุณู†ูŠู† ุจุชุฎู„ูŠูƒ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุนูŠู†ูƒ ุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุบู„ุท ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:20,680 --> 00:19:25,340
947
+ ุจูŠุฃุฐูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ุชุนู…ู„ุด ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:25,340 --> 00:19:30,390
951
+ ูˆู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุณูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุชุจุนู†ุงุŒ we breed
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:30,390 --> 00:19:35,570
955
+ safetyุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุจุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ safety ุชุจุน
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:35,570 --> 00:19:43,570
959
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุบู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ุทูŠุจ usually each load is
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:43,570 --> 00:19:47,390
963
+ quantified based on a worst case scenario in other
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:47,390 --> 00:19:50,750
967
+ words engineer will .. the engineer will allow for
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:50,750 --> 00:19:56,250
971
+ maximum loadุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณู…ุญุŒ allow for ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ุฅูŠุด
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:56,250 --> 00:20:03,210
975
+ ุงู„ู€ maximum loadุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุญู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู†
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:03,670 --> 00:20:08,310
979
+ such as an aircraft making a very hard landing
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:08,310 --> 00:20:16,730
983
+ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:16,730 --> 00:20:21,030
987
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸ hard landing ุฃูˆ crash
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:21,030 --> 00:20:26,230
991
+ landingุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูˆุงุณุชุถุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ูƒูŠู
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:26,230 --> 00:20:30,210
995
+ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ุŸ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ approach ุงู„ู€ ground ูˆู„ู…ุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:30,210 --> 00:20:32,910
999
+ ุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ground ุจุชู†ุฒู„ smooth ูˆุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:32,910 --> 00:20:38,590
1003
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู„ุญุฏูŠู† ุชุชูˆุทู‰ ู„ุญุฏูŠู† ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:38,590 --> 00:20:42,370
1007
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุทู‰ ุฒูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:42,370 --> 00:20:47,000
1011
+ ูˆ ุชุฑุชุทู… ุงุฑุชุทุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆ ุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุชุฒุญู„ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:50,900
1015
+ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง crash landing ุฃูˆ hard landing ู‡ุฐุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:50,900 --> 00:20:55,160
1019
+ ุจุชุญุตู„ ูˆู‚ุชูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ. ุงู„ุขู† ุชุญุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:55,160 --> 00:20:59,620
1023
+ ุฃุนู…ู„ุŸ ู…ุฏู‡ุงุด ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชุชู‚ุณู… ุฃูˆ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ู„ pieces ูุงู„
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:59,620 --> 00:21:03,540
1027
+ design ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:03,540 --> 00:21:07,720
1031
+ design ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชุธู„ one piece ูˆ ุงู„ passenger
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:12,340
1035
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงุณูŠ ูˆ ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ู„ู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:12,340 --> 00:21:18,840
1039
+ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ ..ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุฎููŠู ุฌุฏุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:18,840 --> 00:21:25,020
1043
+ ุชุตู…ูŠู…ู†ุง ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุงุช ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ or a
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:25,020 --> 00:21:29,040
1047
+ bridge being hit by extremely high winds ุทู„ุนูˆุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:29,040 --> 00:21:33,600
1051
+ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุตู…ู… ุฌุณุฑุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ุฃุฌุงู„ู‡ ุฑูŠุญุŒ ุฅูŠุด
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:33,600 --> 00:21:40,830
1055
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ููŠู‡. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฌุณูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ููŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:40,830 --> 00:21:44,090
1059
+ ุนุฏุฉ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:44,090 --> 00:21:48,750
1063
+ suspended bridges ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุณูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:48,750 --> 00:21:53,430
1067
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู† ุฎุดุจ ุฃูˆ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ุดุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:53,430 --> 00:21:56,970
1071
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุดูˆูุชูˆุง ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒูˆุง ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:56,970 --> 00:22:01,950
1075
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุณ ููŠ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู† ูƒุจุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:01,950 --> 00:22:06,270
1079
+ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏุงุช ุจุณู„ูˆูƒ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:06,270 --> 00:22:11,670
1083
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฌุจู„ูŠู†
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:11,670 --> 00:22:15,490
1087
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ูƒุจุงุฑ ูˆุนู„ูŠุงุช ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:15,490 --> 00:22:19,030
1091
+ suspended bridge. ุงู„ bridge ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุฑุชูุนุช ููŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:19,030 --> 00:22:24,170
1095
+ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ. ูุงู„ุขู†
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:24,170 --> 00:22:28,130
1099
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดุฏูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:28,130 --> 00:22:33,910
1103
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฌุณูˆุฑุฉ. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุงุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠุŒ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:33,910 --> 00:22:37,350
1107
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุดุงุจู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:37,350 --> 00:22:41,650
1111
+ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌุงู„ู†ุง high winds ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:41,650 --> 00:22:46,170
1115
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุณุฑุนุชู‡ุงุŒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุดูŠุก 40
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:46,170 --> 00:22:52,240
1119
+ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉุŒ ุจุชุตู…ู…ูŠุด ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ 40. ุจุฏูƒ ุชุตู…ู…
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:52,240 --> 00:22:55,580
1123
+ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุฃุฌุชู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตูŠุฑ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:55,580 --> 00:22:59,240
1127
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชุตู…ูŠู…ูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌุช
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:59,240 --> 00:23:04,280
1131
+ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฑูŠุญ ููŠ ุธุฑู ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ุฃูˆ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:04,280 --> 00:23:08,040
1135
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ูƒู„ู‡ูŠุชู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:08,040 --> 00:23:13,800
1139
+ ุบุฑู‚ุช ุบุฒุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู… ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ ุจุตุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:18,240
1143
+ ุชุตู…ู…ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู…ู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุตู…ู…ู‡ุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:18,240 --> 00:23:23,380
1147
+ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ. ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู…ุด ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:23,380 --> 00:23:27,280
1151
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌุชู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุชุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:31,440
1155
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ allow for maximum load or worst
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:37,880
1159
+ case scenario. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡. ุทูŠุจ after
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:41,400
1163
+ maximum load have been quantified an engineer will
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:23:41,400 --> 00:23:46,340
1167
+ apply a factor of safety. ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ุญุฏุฏุช ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:23:46,340 --> 00:23:50,570
1171
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุถูŠู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูƒู…ุงู†. ูƒู„ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู†ุง ููŠ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:23:50,570 --> 00:23:53,950
1175
+ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุงุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:23:53,950 --> 00:23:58,290
1179
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุชุทู„ุน ู„ู„ุชุณู„ูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:23:58,290 --> 00:24:02,730
1183
+ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:02,730 --> 00:24:10,190
1187
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ู…ุซู„ุง ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุชุจุนู‡
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:10,190 --> 00:24:14,130
1191
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุท ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู…ู„ูŠุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:14,130 --> 00:24:19,780
1195
+ ุจุชุถูŠู ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุจุณ ููŠ ุนู†ุตุฑ safety ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌู‰
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:19,780 --> 00:24:24,000
1199
+ ุฒู„ุฒุงู„ ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฒู„ุฒุงู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:27,960
1203
+ ููŠ ู‚ุตู ูŠุง ุฌู†ุจูƒ ูŠุง ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจูƒ ูุจูŠู‡ุฒ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:33,700
1207
+ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ูุฃู†ุช ูุฏูƒ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฒุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:24:33,700 --> 00:24:40,660
1211
+ ุงูŠุด factor of safety ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ safety margin ุจู†ุถูŠู
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:24:40,660 --> 00:24:47,180
1215
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู†ู‡ุง. this is an extra margin to make
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:24:47,180 --> 00:24:50,600
1219
+ the components strong enough to carry loads that
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:24:50,600 --> 00:24:53,920
1223
+ are higher than the worst case scenario. ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:59,200
1227
+ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุชุญู…ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:02,940
1231
+ ุจุชู„ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ุซู„ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ maximum ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุจุณ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:02,940 --> 00:25:07,900
1235
+ ู„ูˆ ุงุชุนุฏู‰ ุชุญุตู„ุด ุดูŠุก ุตุญุŸ ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ุนู„ุจุฉ ู„ุจู† ุฅูŠุด
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:07,900 --> 00:25:13,200
1239
+ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ expiration date ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:18,640
1243
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุจูŠูˆู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุฌุงุช ุดุบุงู„ุฉุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:18,640 --> 00:25:21,660
1247
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ู…ุง ุญุตู„ุด ููŠู‡ุง ุดูŠุกุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:21,660 --> 00:25:25,000
1251
+ ุฎุฏุชูŠู†ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ. ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ูƒู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:28,800
1255
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง expiration dateุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:32,540
1259
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุณุชุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุนูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:25:32,540 --> 00:25:38,120
1263
+ expiration date ุตุงู„ุญุฉ. ุฃุฏูˆูŠุชู†ุง ูŠุงู„ุง ูŠุงู„ุง ุจุชุญุตู„ ..
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:25:38,120 --> 00:25:41,800
1267
+ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฌู„ ุซู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:25:41,800 --> 00:25:46,800
1271
+ ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุถุงูŠู„ู‡ุง ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุดู‡ุฑ ูˆ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:25:46,800 --> 00:25:51,780
1275
+ ุชุฎู„ุต ุตู„ุงุญูŠุชู‡ุง ูุดูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูุงุญู†ุง ุฃูŠุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุณูˆูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:25:51,780 --> 00:25:57,040
1279
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูู„ุฃ ู„ู‚ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:25:57,040 --> 00:26:01,740
1283
+ factor of safety ุฃูˆ safety margins ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญุฉ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:01,740 --> 00:26:07,900
1287
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ูุงูƒุชุฑู‡ 1.5 ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:12,520
1291
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุญู…ู„ 50% ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ูƒุงู†
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:12,520 --> 00:26:16,580
1295
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูุงูƒุชุฑู‡ ููŠู‡ุŒ ูุฅู†ุฌู†ูŠุฑ ุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:16,580 --> 00:26:21,200
1299
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุชุฎูŠู„ ุตู…ูŠู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:28,340
1303
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒุชุฑู‡ ุจุฃู…ุงู†ุŒ ูุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู†ูŠุฑ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุตู…ูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:28,340 --> 00:26:32,380
1307
+ ูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:32,960 --> 00:26:36,080
1311
+ ูุฃู†ุช ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ worst case scenario
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:26:36,080 --> 00:26:41,120
1315
+ ุจุถูŠู ู„ู‡ ุงูŠุด factor of safety ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:26:41,120 --> 00:26:46,160
1319
+ ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุณูˆุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฃูˆ ุซู…ูƒู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:26:46,160 --> 00:26:51,300
1323
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ size engineers ุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:26:51,300 --> 00:26:54,940
1327
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุตู„ ููŠู‡. ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุถูŠู ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:26:54,940 --> 00:27:00,890
1331
+ ู‡ุถูŠูุŸ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง engineers are
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:00,890 --> 00:27:04,870
1335
+ sometimes .. sometimes criticized because they
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:04,870 --> 00:27:11,650
1339
+ over design things. over design ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุญุทู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:11,650 --> 00:27:16,710
1343
+ ู…ู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุทู„ุน ู„ุฃูŠ ุญุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุฆุท
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:16,710 --> 00:27:21,170
1347
+ ุทุจูŠุนุงุช ุจูŠูˆุช ู†ู‡ุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ ุจุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุทู‡
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:21,170 --> 00:27:29,330
1351
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ. ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:29,330 --> 00:27:35,110
1355
+ ุฑุฃูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ. ุฃุฌุช ุจ .. ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ููŠ ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ ..
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:35,110 --> 00:27:40,770
1359
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ efficient
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:27:40,770 --> 00:27:47,450
1363
+ energy buildingsุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุงุŸ ููŠ ุจุชู†ุญุท ููŠู‡ุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:27:47,450 --> 00:27:51,610
1367
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ ู…ุด ุญุฌุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠ. ููŠ ..
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:27:51,610 --> 00:27:55,910
1371
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฒู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฌุฑ ุฃุจูˆ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:27:55,910 --> 00:28:01,030
1375
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจู†ุญุท ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูŠุง ูุงู„ูŠู† ูŠุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฒู„ุฉ. ุทุจ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:01,030 --> 00:28:05,070
1379
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุง ุฌูˆุง ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณูˆุงุก
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:05,070 --> 00:28:10,550
1383
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฏุงููŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู ุจุงุฑุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุจุชุนุฒู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:10,550 --> 00:28:15,760
1387
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ. ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:15,760 --> 00:28:20,080
1391
+ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠุจู†ูˆู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:23,560
1395
+ ุจูŠุจู†ูˆุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠุญุทูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฏ ุฃุฏู†ู‰
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:23,560 --> 00:28:27,240
1399
+ ุจูŠุณูŠุจูˆุง ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠุณูŠุจูˆุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณู†ุชูŠ ุฃูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:32,360
1403
+ ูุฑุงุบ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฌุฑูŠู†. ุฃุณุงุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุงุฒู„ุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠุญุทูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:32,360 --> 00:28:36,520
1407
+ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ุณู‡ ุฃูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู…ู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:42,040
1411
+ ุจุฑุง ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุนุฒู„ ุจุณ ููŠ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:42,040 --> 00:28:49,160
1415
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ. ุฃุญุณู† .. ุฃุญุณู† .. ุจุณ ู…ุง ุญุฏุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ููŠ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:28:49,160 --> 00:28:53,040
1419
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณูƒู†. ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:58,780
1423
+ ุนู…ู„ุช ุฃู‚ุณุงุฑุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุญุฌุฑ ู‚ุฏุณูŠุŸ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุณุงุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุฎุต ุจุณ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:28:58,780 --> 00:29:04,020
1427
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุณูŠ ุฃุญุณู† ุจุนุฒู„ ูƒู„ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠุน ุนู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุจุณ ..
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:04,020 --> 00:29:08,040
1431
+ ูˆูƒู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนุฒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„. ุฑุบู… ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:08,040 --> 00:29:12,400
1435
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ. ุชุงูƒู„ูˆุง ูุนู„ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒู„ูุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:16,520
1439
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ูู‡ูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… engineers are sometimes criticized
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:16,520 --> 00:29:19,660
1443
+ because they over design thing and excessive
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:19,660 --> 00:29:25,440
1447
+ factor of safety. ุจุถูŠููˆุง ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:32,220
1451
+ which increases costs. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ู‡ุชุฒูŠุฏ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:32,220 --> 00:29:36,140
1455
+ however according to Murphy's law. ุนุฑููˆุง ุฅูŠุด
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:36,140 --> 00:29:42,570
1459
+ Murphy's law. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุญู‚ู‡ู…. ู…ูŠุฑูุฒ ู„ุงูˆุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:42,570 --> 00:29:48,730
1463
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุณูŠุฆุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุญุตู„ ุงุชูˆู‚ุนูŠ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:29:48,730 --> 00:29:55,230
1467
+ ู‡ุชุญุตู„. ู‡ุชุญุตู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ. ู…ูŠุฑูุฒ ู„ุงูˆุด anything can go wrong
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:29:55,230 --> 00:30:00,710
1471
+ will go wrong. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุชุชูˆู‚ุนูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:00,710 --> 00:30:04,870
1475
+ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุงุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฑูŠุตุฉ ุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:04,870 --> 00:30:09,390
1479
+ homework ุชุจุนูƒุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูƒ ูˆ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุญุงุทู‡ ุฒูŠ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:09,390 --> 00:30:13,570
1483
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุน ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูˆ ู…ุด ุฌุงูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ุŒ ุงู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:13,570 --> 00:30:17,870
1487
+ ุดูŠุก ู…ู‡ู…. ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจุงุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:17,870 --> 00:30:21,490
1491
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎู„ุต ุงู„ .. ุงู„ presentation ุชุจุนุชูŠ ูˆ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:21,490 --> 00:30:26,670
1495
+ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ .. ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุถุงูŠู„ู‡ุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ .. ุฅูŠุด .. ุจุณ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:26,670 --> 00:30:30,030
1499
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุทุน .. ุฃุถุฑุจ .. ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ .. ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญุฏ ุชููƒุฑ ุจุฅูŠู‡ ุฏู‡
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:30,030 --> 00:30:34,770
1503
+ ุจุชู‚ุทุน .. ู‡ุงูŠ Murphy's Law .. ุฃู†ู‡ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ..
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:30:34,770 --> 00:30:38,070
1507
+ ู‡ุงูŠ .. ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุฅู„ู‡ุŸ ููŠุด ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ .. ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:30:38,070 --> 00:30:39,450
1511
+ Murphy's Law .. ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† Murphy
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:30:42,430 --> 00:30:46,530
1515
+ ูู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงุชูˆู‚ุนูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:30:46,530 --> 00:30:51,170
1519
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุชูˆู‚ุนูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุฃุตุนุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ูˆ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:30:51,170 --> 00:30:56,410
1523
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุญุตู„ ุญุชู‰ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ .. ู„ุฃ ุญุชู‰ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุฃู†ุง
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:30:56,410 --> 00:31:00,950
1527
+ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ document ูˆ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:00,950 --> 00:31:06,210
1531
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุดุชุบู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ูˆ ู…ู†ุงุด ูุฑูŠู‚ูŠูˆ .. ูˆ ..
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:06,210 --> 00:31:09,150
1535
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุจุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ computer ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู†
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:09,150 --> 00:31:12,390
1539
+ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุŒ ุชุชูˆู‚ุนูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ computer .. ู…ุง ุชุชูˆู‚ุนูŠุด ุฃู† ุงู„
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:12,390 --> 00:31:14,770
1543
+ computer ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ูุฌุฃุฉ ุจุชุดูˆููŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ computer
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:31:14,770 --> 00:31:19,890
1547
+ ุถุงุฑุจุŒ ู .. ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ู…ุง .. ู…ุง ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:31:19,890 --> 00:31:24,010
1551
+ ุงู„ due date ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุจูƒุฑุงุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณู„ู…ูŠุŒ ู…ุง ููŠุด ู…ุง .. ุจุฏูƒ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:31:24,010 --> 00:31:29,910
1555
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุชุดุชุบู„ูŠ ุจุฏูˆู† ุนุฌู„ุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุทูŠุจุŒ this
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:31:29,910 --> 00:31:33,270
1559
+ suggests that built-in phrases and expressions
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:31:33,270 --> 00:31:37,530
1563
+ often used in engineering based on the safest
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:31:37,530 --> 00:31:41,150
1567
+ method to hold up a trouser is a sensible
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:31:41,150 --> 00:31:44,170
1571
+ approachุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฌุจู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูŠุฑููŠุฒ ู„ูˆู‡ุŒ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:31:44,170 --> 00:31:48,610
1575
+ ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุชุทู„ุนูˆุงุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู…ุง ุชู„ุจุณ ุจู†ุทู„ูˆู† ุนุดุงู† ุชุถู…ู†ูˆุง ู…ุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:31:48,610 --> 00:31:55,050
1579
+ ูŠุณุญู„ุดุŒ ุฃูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠุŸ ุจุชุญุทูˆุง ูƒุดุงุทุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:31:55,050 --> 00:31:59,150
1583
+ .. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุงุŒ ููŠ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:31:59,150 --> 00:32:02,990
1587
+ ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุงุŒ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุงุด ุณุนุจูŠุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠูŠู†
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:32:02,990 --> 00:32:07,510
1591
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฑุจุทุงุช ุชุจุนุงุช
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:32:07,510 --> 00:32:11,770
1595
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุทู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุงุชุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุทูˆู‡ุง ู„ู„ุตุบุงุฑุŒ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:32:11,770 --> 00:32:16,430
1599
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุจุชุญุท .. ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุงุช ู„ู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุนุดุงู†
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:32:16,430 --> 00:32:21,330
1603
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณุญู„ุด ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุฉุŒ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:32:21,330 --> 00:32:25,690
1607
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท built-in
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:32:25,690 --> 00:32:31,510
1611
+ braces ุฃูƒุดุงุช ูˆ ุญู…ู„ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุจู†ุทุงู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณุญู„ุดุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:32:31,510 --> 00:32:35,750
1615
+ ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ design ุชุจุนู†ุง ููŠ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:32:35,750 --> 00:32:41,630
1619
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ุด ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠู‡ุŒ ูุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุญุงุฌุฉ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:32:41,630 --> 00:32:47,390
1623
+ ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงูƒุดุงุช ูˆ ุญู…ู„ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ design ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:32:47,390 --> 00:32:51,410
1627
+ ุชุตุจุท ู…ุน ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠู„ุญู‚ู†ุงุด ู…ูŠุฑููŠุฒ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:32:51,410 --> 00:32:57,690
1631
+ ูุจู†ุญุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงู†ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ expression often used in
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:32:57,690 --> 00:33:01,730
1635
+ engineering based on the safest method for holding
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:33:01,730 --> 00:33:06,110
1639
+ up a trouser ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู…ุงู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุจู†ุทู„ูˆู†
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:33:06,110 --> 00:33:11,150
1643
+ ู…ุง ูŠุณุญู„ุด ุชุญุทูŠ ุงู„ูƒุดุงุท ูˆ ุญู…ู„ุงุช ุฎู„ุงุต ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุฏ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:33:11,150 --> 00:33:16,310
1647
+ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณุญู„ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุณุญู„ ุทูŠุจ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:33:16,310 --> 00:33:23,650
1651
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ is a sensible approachุŒ ุฅูŠุด sensibleุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:33:23,650 --> 00:33:31,300
1655
+ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุŒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:33:31,300 --> 00:33:35,300
1659
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ complete the sentences from technical
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:33:35,300 --> 00:33:39,160
1663
+ conversation using the words in the box ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:33:39,160 --> 00:33:41,940
1667
+ .. ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ words ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ budget,
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:33:42,760 --> 00:33:46,920
1671
+ constraints, cost of effective design exceed
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:51,560
1675
+ existing function feature proposed of course money
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:33:51,560 --> 00:33:57,750
1679
+ is limited ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:33:57,750 --> 00:34:05,550
1683
+ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ bank ู…ูุชูˆุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง cost limitations are
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:34:05,550 --> 00:34:12,580
1687
+ always ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุงู„ cost ุฅูŠุดุŸ cost limitation ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:34:12,580 --> 00:34:17,600
1691
+ ุงู„ cost limitation ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ููŠ .. is .. is always a
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:34:17,600 --> 00:34:22,320
1695
+ constraint ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุชุนุฏ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:34:22,320 --> 00:34:26,680
1699
+ constraint ููŠ ุฃูŠ design ู„ุฃู† ู…ุง ุญุฏุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฑูˆุญูŠ ุตู…ู…ูŠ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:34:26,680 --> 00:34:32,100
1703
+ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠุด .. ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:34:32,100 --> 00:34:37,350
1707
+ ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู‡ู„ู‚ุฏ ุตุญุŸ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:34:37,350 --> 00:34:40,870
1711
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุนูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃู†ุง ุญุฏูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ู„ู‚ุฏุŒ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุฃู‚ุฏุงุด
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:34:40,870 --> 00:34:44,990
1715
+ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุชูƒ ููƒุชุตู…ูŠู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุฏูˆุฏ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:34:44,990 --> 00:34:52,530
1719
+ constraints but some finance is available ุฅูŠุด has
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:34:52,530 --> 00:34:58,930
1723
+ been allocated for design phaseุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:34:58,930 --> 00:35:02,290
1727
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู†ุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุฃู†ุชู ุฅูŠุด
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:35:02,290 --> 00:35:07,460
1731
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠุŸ ุจุชุญุทูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:35:07,460 --> 00:35:11,340
1735
+ budget a budget has been allocated ู…ุง ุญุฏ ู…ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:35:11,340 --> 00:35:16,920
1739
+ allocated ุฃู†ู‡ ุชู… ุชุฎุตูŠุตู‡ุง allocated allocated ุชู…
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:35:16,920 --> 00:35:21,320
1743
+ ุชุฎุตูŠุตู‡ุง has been allocated for a preliminary
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:35:21,320 --> 00:35:26,520
1747
+ design phase a total of thirty five thousand
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:35:26,520 --> 00:35:33,840
1751
+ dollar but we must not exceed that amount ู…ุด
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:35:33,840 --> 00:35:40,120
1755
+ ู„ุงุฒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู†ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:35:40,120 --> 00:35:46,680
1759
+ budget ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ constraints ุดุฑูˆุท ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุงู„ a
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:35:46,680 --> 00:35:53,240
1763
+ exceed ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ obviously
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:35:53,910 --> 00:36:00,050
1767
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฏูุน 80 ุจุงูˆู†ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู…ุตุฏุฑ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:36:00,050 --> 00:36:06,450
1771
+ ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ูŠุชุณู„ู„ ู„ู€ 70 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ูู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุตุฏุฑ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:36:06,450 --> 00:36:11,890
1775
+ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฑูˆุญุช ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดุชุฑูŠ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุชุตู…ูŠู…
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:36:11,890 --> 00:36:16,890
1779
+ ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ .. ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูŠูƒู„ู 80 ุดูŠูƒู„ ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:36:16,890 --> 00:36:22,850
1783
+ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุจู†ุจูŠุนู‡ ุจู€ 70 ุดูŠูƒู„ ุชุตู…ูŠู…ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุตุงุฑุŸ is not cost
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:36:22,850 --> 00:36:31,250
1787
+ effective ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุด ููŠู‡ ุฌุฏูˆู‰ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุฑุงู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:36:31,250 --> 00:36:34,650
1791
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ product ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:36:34,650 --> 00:36:44,750
1795
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุฑุฎุต ู…ู†ู‡ ุทูŠุจ the age of the detector is to
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:36:44,750 --> 00:36:51,730
1799
+ locate underground cables by giving audio feedback
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:36:53,680 --> 00:37:02,260
1803
+ the function of detector ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ detector ู„ุฃ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:37:02,260 --> 00:37:10,360
1807
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ sensor ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌุณ ุงู„ detector
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:37:10,360 --> 00:37:19,260
1811
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุณ ุจุณ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ู…ุนุฏู† detect okay to locate
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:37:19,260 --> 00:37:24,950
1815
+ underground cables ุงู„ underground cables ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠุด
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:37:24,950 --> 00:37:28,930
1819
+ undergroundุŸ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุงู„ูƒูˆุงุจู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชุญุช
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:37:28,930 --> 00:37:34,450
1823
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ .. ุจุฏูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:37:34,450 --> 00:37:40,330
1827
+ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฌุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒูˆุงุจู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:37:40,330 --> 00:37:47,390
1831
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ by giving audio feedbackุŒ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุตูˆุชูŠุฉุŒ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:37:47,390 --> 00:37:53,230
1835
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:37:53,230 --> 00:37:58,910
1839
+ ู†ู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุฏ ูŠุฏุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุฒู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:37:58,910 --> 00:38:02,890
1843
+ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ function ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฅูŠุด
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:38:02,890 --> 00:38:08,490
1847
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ function ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุฏุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ุนุฏู† ุชุญุช
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:38:08,490 --> 00:38:15,270
1851
+ ูˆูŠุนุทูŠ ุตูˆุช since it is it's to be used in a noisy
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:38:15,270 --> 00:38:23,620
1855
+ environmentairphone is unimportant since it's
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:38:23,620 --> 00:38:31,120
1859
+ designed to be used in a noisy environment ุนุงุฏุฉ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:38:31,120 --> 00:38:36,400
1863
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ุดุงุฑุน ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุทู„ุนูŠ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:38:36,400 --> 00:38:40,340
1867
+ underground cable underground cable ููŠ ุดุงุฑุน ู…ุด
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:38:40,340 --> 00:38:45,880
1871
+ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ุช ุชู…ุณูƒูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณู…ุน ุฒูŠ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุช ู…ุงุณูƒุฉ ุฌูˆุงู„ูƒ ูˆ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:38:45,880 --> 00:38:49,540
1875
+ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุด ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุจุชุณู…ุนูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุฑุงุช
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:38:49,540 --> 00:38:55,360
1879
+ ูุงู„ุณู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ earphones ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู† ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:38:55,360 --> 00:38:59,820
1883
+ earphones ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฐู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฃุฐู†ูŠู†
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:38:59,820 --> 00:39:09,880
1887
+ earphones is an important ุฅูŠุด feature ุฅูŠุด ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:39:09,880 --> 00:39:16,860
1891
+ for are these already on the marketุŸ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:39:16,860 --> 00:39:22,840
1895
+ marketุŸ are they ุฅูŠุด productุŸ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:39:22,840 --> 00:39:26,960
1899
+ existing existing ุจุชูŠุฌูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุถุงู„ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒู„ ูƒู„ู…ุงุชูƒุŒ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:30,640
1903
+ ุฅูŠุด ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฑุงูƒุจุฉ ูˆู„ุง
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:39:30,640 --> 00:39:34,580
1907
+ ู„ุฃุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุถุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชุดุท ุจู‡ุฏูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:39:34,580 --> 00:39:41,320
1911
+ ุฑุงุญุช ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ู‡ุฏูŠ ุถู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:39:41,320 --> 00:39:46,680
1915
+ ุฑุงุญุช ู‡ุฐุง ุถู„ุช ุงู„ propose ูˆ ุงู„ existing ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:39:46,680 --> 00:39:50,680
1919
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง are they proposed product ูˆู„ุง or
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:39:50,680 --> 00:39:56,260
1923
+ are we talking about proposed product are these
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:39:56,260 --> 00:39:59,000
1927
+ already on the market ุจู†ุณุฃู„ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ market
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:39:59,000 --> 00:40:04,640
1931
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ market are they current product
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:40:05,330 --> 00:40:11,170
1935
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู…ุง ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุญุงู„ูŠ or are we talking about
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:40:11,170 --> 00:40:15,430
1939
+ product that we are still that are still under
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:40:15,430 --> 00:40:18,550
1943
+ development still under development ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:40:18,550 --> 00:40:23,790
1947
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูŠ proposed ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุณุงุชู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:40:23,790 --> 00:40:27,930
1951
+ ูู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ ูู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุจุงุฎุชุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง proposed
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:40:27,930 --> 00:40:33,470
1955
+ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง existing ุงู„ู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:40:33,470 --> 00:40:38,340
1959
+ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุชุดุชุบู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ ู…ุง ุชุด ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจ .. ุจุนูˆุฏูƒู…
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:40:38,340 --> 00:40:44,000
1963
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅู†ูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุงุชุนูˆุฏูŠ ู…ุง ุชุณุชุนุฌู„ูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ุฃ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:47,940
1967
+ ุฎุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูˆ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:40:47,940 --> 00:40:57,840
1971
+ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุจุช grip ุจุชุญุณูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:40:57,840 --> 00:41:02,480
1975
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:41:02,480 --> 00:41:02,900
1979
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:41:06,950 --> 00:41:09,650
1983
+ choose the correct word from the brackets to
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:41:09,650 --> 00:41:12,970
1987
+ complete the sentences ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:41:12,970 --> 00:41:16,930
1991
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† the types of flow that
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:41:16,930 --> 00:41:23,110
1995
+ will be encountered must .. ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ encounteredุŸ
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:41:23,110 --> 00:41:25,410
1999
+ the type of flow that will be encountered
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:41:25,410 --> 00:41:29,790
2003
+ encountered
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:41:29,790 --> 00:41:36,250
2007
+ ุจู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ faced must be designed ูˆู„ุง determined
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:41:38,170 --> 00:41:41,790
2011
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ type of forces we encounter ุจู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:41:41,790 --> 00:41:47,050
2015
+ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุจู†ุตู…ู…ู‡ุง ุจู†ุญุฏุฏู‡ุง determined maximum loads are
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:41:47,050 --> 00:41:51,990
2019
+ based on predicted ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ predicted ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุนุฉ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:41:51,990 --> 00:41:55,770
2023
+ predicted specification ูˆู„ุง worst case scenario
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:41:55,770 --> 00:42:02,340
2027
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุณุฑุชู‡ ุตุงุฑ ุญู‚ ุชู…ุดูŠ ููŠู‡ุง on top of
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:42:02,340 --> 00:42:06,560
2031
+ maximum loads additional safety margins are
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:42:06,560 --> 00:42:12,080
2035
+ factored in ุฃูˆ in size ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุญุณุงุจู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ุจู†ุญุฌู…
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:42:12,080 --> 00:42:16,660
2039
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญุฌูŠู… ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุดูŠุก ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ for
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:42:16,660 --> 00:42:20,620
2043
+ cost reasons components shouldn't be over designed
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:42:20,620 --> 00:42:23,960
2047
+ ูˆู„ุง quantified over designed
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:42:25,530 --> 00:42:28,790
2051
+ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู†
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:42:28,790 --> 00:42:34,110
2055
+ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุณู…ู‰ ุจู€ Built-in braces factor of safety
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:42:34,110 --> 00:42:39,050
2059
+ approach ุงู„ู€ factor of .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:42:39,050 --> 00:42:44,850
2063
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ุนููˆุงู‹ quantifying
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:42:44,850 --> 00:42:48,510
2067
+ ูˆู„ุง sizing components ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุทูŠุท ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุชู‡ู…ุŸ
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:42:48,510 --> 00:42:52,770
2071
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช .. ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุจุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ size
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:42:58,190 --> 00:43:02,950
2075
+ ุทูŠุจ replace the underlying words and expressions
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:43:02,950 --> 00:43:07,310
2079
+ with alternative words and expressions from ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:43:07,310 --> 00:43:13,430
2083
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ A ุฃูˆ B most engineering
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:43:13,430 --> 00:43:17,930
2087
+ designs make provision for excessive or abnormal
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:43:17,930 --> 00:43:22,170
2091
+ operating conditions ุฅูŠุด making provisionsุŸ ุฅูŠุด
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:43:22,170 --> 00:43:23,050
2095
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:43:25,700 --> 00:43:30,320
2099
+ allow for ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ most engineer allow for
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:43:30,320 --> 00:43:34,940
2103
+ excessive or abnormal operating ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด allow for
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:43:34,940 --> 00:43:41,340
2107
+ ุจู†ุณู…ุญ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทูŠุจ ุฐูƒุฑุชูƒ
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:43:41,340 --> 00:43:49,220
2111
+ provision ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุฃู†ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ make provision
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:43:49,220 --> 00:43:59,230
2115
+ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงุญุชูŠุงุท Okay ุชุณู…ุญูŠ for excessive ุชุนู…ู„
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:43:59,230 --> 00:44:02,550
2119
+ ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ุฃู†ุช ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณู…ุญูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง the critical
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:44:02,550 --> 00:44:07,310
2123
+ question is how much of a two percent of extra
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:44:07,310 --> 00:44:11,390
2127
+ size or capacity ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ percentage of extra size
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:44:11,390 --> 00:44:18,350
2131
+ or capacityุŸ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ factor of safetyุŒ
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:44:18,350 --> 00:44:22,890
2135
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ should be applied without adding too
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:44:22,890 --> 00:44:30,000
2139
+ much of a margin over desired ุทูŠุจ four calculate an
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:34,120
2143
+ amount four ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ quantify ู„ู…ุง ุช
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:44:34,120 --> 00:44:37,840
2147
+ calculate an amount ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:44:37,840 --> 00:44:42,920
2151
+ quantify for this figure it's critical to assess
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:44:42,920 --> 00:44:45,700
2155
+ the consequence of technical of a technical
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:44:45,700 --> 00:44:51,080
2159
+ failure where the stakes ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ stakes are
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:44:51,080 --> 00:44:55,740
2163
+ high ู…ุฑุฏ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ steak ู…ุด ุงู„ู€ steak ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:44:55,740 --> 00:45:00,100
2167
+ ุจู†ุงูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:45:00,100 --> 00:45:05,720
2171
+ ุงู„ู€ stakes ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ in applications such as
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:45:05,720 --> 00:45:11,680
2175
+ aviation ุฅูŠุด aviations ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู€ aviation ุนุงู„ู…
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:45:11,680 --> 00:45:18,280
2179
+ ุงู„ุทูŠุฑุงู† okay designing for the most extreme
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:45:18,280 --> 00:45:23,240
2183
+ situation ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ most extreme worst case scenario
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:45:23,590 --> 00:45:29,390
2187
+ is clearly critical on safety grounds on the face
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:45:29,390 --> 00:45:37,010
2191
+ of it the result of this may seem costly ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:45:37,010 --> 00:45:43,770
2195
+ ู†ุญู…ู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ but where the
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:45:43,770 --> 00:45:48,270
2199
+ human implications and expense of failure are
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:45:48,270 --> 00:45:54,750
2203
+ serious ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ human implicationุŸุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:45:54,750 --> 00:45:59,350
2207
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุชุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:45:59,350 --> 00:46:06,750
2211
+ expense of failure ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุงู„ูุดู„ are serious ุฎุทุฑุฉ a
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:46:06,750 --> 00:46:10,670
2215
+ high level of expenditure aimed at accident
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:46:10,670 --> 00:46:18,660
2219
+ prevention ุฅูŠุด accident prevention ู…ุงู†ุน ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ can
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:46:18,660 --> 00:46:22,840
2223
+ be considered financially viable ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:46:22,840 --> 00:46:30,500
2227
+ financially viable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู€ financial ..
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:46:30,500 --> 00:46:36,900
2231
+ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ ุฌุฏูˆู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:46:36,900 --> 00:46:42,440
2235
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ cost effective ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:46:46,630 --> 00:46:50,970
2239
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ู€ chapter ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนุงุฑุจุนุฉ
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:46:50,970 --> 00:46:55,570
2243
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:46:55,570 --> 00:46:55,950
2247
+ ุฅูŠุด
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/JSBZUTmDLbE_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1304 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,860 --> 00:00:25,660
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณูˆู ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุณุนุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,660 --> 00:00:31,880
7
+ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุณุนุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† loadุŒ stress ูˆ strain ุฅูŠุด
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:38,640
11
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ loadุŸ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ูˆ stressุŒ ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆ strainุŒ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:45,010
15
+ ุงู„ุดุฏุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดุฏุŸ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„a load when
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:45,010 --> 00:00:48,170
19
+ engineering engineers design a machine or a
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:48,170 --> 00:00:51,610
23
+ structure they need to know what forces will be
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:51,610 --> 00:00:56,090
27
+ exerted on it ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุตู…ู… ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุฃูˆ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:56,090 --> 00:01:02,130
31
+ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง applied
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:02,130 --> 00:01:07,770
35
+ ุฃูˆ exerted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู† ุญุทุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจุชุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:07,770 --> 00:01:11,610
39
+ put pressure on it in engineering forces are
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:11,610 --> 00:01:15,760
43
+ called loadsููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:22,320
47
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ usually
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:22,320 --> 00:01:27,380
51
+ several different loads will act on or apply force
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:27,380 --> 00:01:30,160
55
+ to ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:38,840
59
+ ุจุชูุฑุถ ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:42,900
63
+ the components in the machine or the members part
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:42,900 --> 00:01:46,140
67
+ of a structure a component or member which is
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:46,140 --> 00:01:49,680
71
+ designed to carry or bear a load called load
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:49,680 --> 00:01:53,620
75
+ bearing components or members ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ load bearing
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:53,620 --> 00:01:57,920
79
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:57,920 --> 00:02:03,420
83
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุจู†ุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:03,420 --> 00:02:09,740
87
+ generation ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุชุฎุทูŠุท ู…ุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชู…
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:09,740 --> 00:02:15,040
91
+ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู†ูŠุฑ ูŠุชุฎุทูŠุท ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุญู…ูŠุท
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:15,040 --> 00:02:16,960
95
+ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:19,500
99
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:19,500 --> 00:02:22,320
103
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:33,600
107
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ุฅู„ู‡ุง magnitudeูˆุงู„ู‡ุง direction ุงูˆ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:33,600 --> 00:02:38,220
111
+ phase ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ูˆ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ..
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:38,220 --> 00:02:42,280
115
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:46,180
119
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุงุด ุงู„ูˆุงูู‚ูŠ horizontal ุงูˆ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:46,180 --> 00:02:50,680
123
+ vertical ุงู„ weight ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงูŠุด
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:55,100
127
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุจุนุช ูˆูŠู†ุŸ vertical ูู‡ุฐู‡ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:55,100 --> 00:03:00,340
131
+ ููŠุด ู‚ูˆุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุŸูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู†ุง
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:00,340 --> 00:03:04,260
135
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุณุจ ู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ magnitude ูˆ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:04,260 --> 00:03:08,540
139
+ ุงู„ phase load is therefore a vector a quantity or
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:08,540 --> 00:03:13,640
143
+ vector ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ู…ุชุฌู‡ุฉ that is a measurement
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:13,640 --> 00:03:17,720
147
+ with both magnitude and direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุชุฌุงู‡
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:22,680
151
+ ูˆ ุจุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงูˆ ุจุงู„ู‡ุง ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:27,550
155
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุณู„ู…ุงุช ุจุชุตูŠุฑุฅู†ู‡ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:27,550 --> 00:03:35,570
159
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ magnitude this
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:35,570 --> 00:03:39,310
163
+ is different to a scalar quantity which has a
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:39,310 --> 00:03:42,490
167
+ magnitude only ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ scalar quantity ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุจุณ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:42,490 --> 00:03:48,190
171
+ magnitude ูˆู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ูŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจ ..
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:48,190 --> 00:03:52,070
175
+ ุจ .. ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุชูˆุง ู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑูˆุญุชูˆุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:52,070 --> 00:03:55,270
179
+ ู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ plastic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:55,270 --> 00:04:00,070
183
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ apply force ุฃูˆ ุจุชุดุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู ุงูŠุด
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:00,070 --> 00:04:05,300
187
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงูˆ ุงู„ quality of the productุจุดูˆููˆุง ู‚ุฏุงุด
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:05,300 --> 00:04:08,940
191
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏ ู‡ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุฌุน ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:08,940 --> 00:04:12,460
195
+ ูุญุต ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:12,460 --> 00:04:15,940
199
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ูุญุต ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:15,940 --> 00:04:21,780
203
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ stress and strain ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุณู…ุน ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:21,780 --> 00:04:25,840
207
+ stress ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ู…ุณูƒุช ุดูƒูˆุด ูˆ ุฏุฌูŠุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:25,840 --> 00:04:31,220
211
+ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฏุฌูŠุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:31,220 --> 00:04:37,330
215
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŸู‡ู„ุงุญุธ .. ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:37,330 --> 00:04:42,050
219
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุชุญู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุชูุดูุดุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:42,050 --> 00:04:48,030
223
+ .. ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:48,030 --> 00:04:51,270
227
+ ุฌู„ุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง .. ููŠ example ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุถุฑุจูˆู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:51,270 --> 00:04:56,630
231
+ cable ุฃูˆ ุญุจู„ ูˆ ุณุญุจุช ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:56,630 --> 00:05:00,510
235
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู‚ูŠู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:00,510 --> 00:05:05,760
239
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุญุจู„ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุทุจ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:05,760 --> 00:05:09,500
243
+ ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุฃูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:09,500 --> 00:05:13,160
247
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฌูŠู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ stress
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:13,160 --> 00:05:20,580
251
+ ุงู„ stress ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉthe extract below
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:20,580 --> 00:05:23,740
255
+ is from an engineering textbook ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฃูŠุด
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:23,740 --> 00:05:27,500
259
+ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู‡ุง in a test a thick cable is used to pick up
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:27,500 --> 00:05:34,800
263
+ a heavy object ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงุจู„ ุณู…ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุณุญุจู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุดูŠุก
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:40,760
267
+ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุซู‚ูŠู„the cable stretches slightly ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:46,540
271
+ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ apply force ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ stretching
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:46,540 --> 00:05:51,660
275
+ ุจู…ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:51,660 --> 00:05:55,460
279
+ ุชุฌูŠู‡ ู„ูŠุด ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุฌูˆุต ู„ุชุญุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุฌูˆู‡
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:55,460 --> 00:05:58,500
283
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠุณุฉ ุจุชุญุณูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุถุนูŠูุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:58,500 --> 00:06:04,170
287
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุจูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุญุจู„ ุญุทูŠุชู‡
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:04,170 --> 00:06:09,330
291
+ ูˆ ุดุฏูŠุชู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุดุฏู‡ ูˆ ุนู„ู‚ุชุด ููŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:09,330 --> 00:06:13,030
295
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุต ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุดุฏู‡ ู…ุงุดุฏูˆุฏ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุดุฏ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:13,030 --> 00:06:16,530
299
+ .. ุตุงุฑู„ู‡ ุดุฏ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ..
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:16,530 --> 00:06:22,290
303
+ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ .. ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุตุงุฑ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:22,290 --> 00:06:26,860
307
+ deformedุทูŠุจ the cable stretches slightly but lifts
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:26,860 --> 00:06:30,560
311
+ the weight ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† a second test is done
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:33,960
315
+ using a thinner cable thinner cable ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:39,820
319
+ ูƒุงุจู„ ุฃุฑูุน one with only half the cross-sectional
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:39,820 --> 00:06:44,500
323
+ area of the thick cable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ุต ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุชุจุนู‡
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:44,500 --> 00:06:49,560
327
+ this time the cable stretches then break ุงู„ูƒุงุจู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:54,980
331
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจู…ุท ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจู†ู‚ุทุนwhy did the
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:54,980 --> 00:07:00,260
335
+ thinner cable failุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ูุดู„ ุงู„ุงู† not due to a
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:00,260 --> 00:07:03,520
339
+ higher load as the weight was the same ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:03,520 --> 00:07:07,880
343
+ load ุชุจุนุชูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุชุจุนูŠ ู…ุง ุชุบูŠุฑุด ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุงุดุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:07,880 --> 00:07:12,160
347
+ the failure was due to stress ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุณุจุจ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:16,800
351
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ stress ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ stress is force per unit
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:19,720
355
+ area ุงู„ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:25,930
359
+ ุฃูŠุดุŸู‚ูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ and is measured in
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:25,930 --> 00:07:30,710
363
+ newton per square meter or pascals ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:30,710 --> 00:07:34,550
367
+ newton per square meter ุงูˆ pascals the thinner
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:34,550 --> 00:07:39,210
371
+ cable was therefore stressed twice as much as the
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:39,210 --> 00:07:42,050
375
+ thick cable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุทู„ุน ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:42,050 --> 00:07:47,690
379
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ proportional ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:47,690 --> 00:07:53,400
383
+ ู†ู‚ุตุชู„ู„ู†ุต ูุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ stress ุงุถุงุนู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:53,400 --> 00:07:58,260
387
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ as the same load was concentrated into
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:58,260 --> 00:08:03,160
391
+ the cross-sectional area that was fifty percent
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:08,550
395
+ smaller ุงู„ุงู† concentrated ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ focusedุฃูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:08,550 --> 00:08:13,850
399
+ ุชุฑูƒุฒุช focus ุชุฑูƒุฒุช ูˆู‡ูŠ concentrated ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:13,850 --> 00:08:17,070
403
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง fail, failure, stressed,
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:17,610 --> 00:08:24,110
407
+ concentrated ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง exerted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:24,110 --> 00:08:31,850
411
+ applied ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ุง loads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง act onุชุชูุงุนู„ ููŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:31,850 --> 00:08:36,550
415
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง carry ุฃูˆ pair ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก load bearing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:36,550 --> 00:08:41,310
419
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ magnitude ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:41,310 --> 00:08:47,950
423
+ quantity ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ scalar quantity ุทูŠุจ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:47,950 --> 00:08:50,890
427
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง why did the ticker cable stretch but
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:50,890 --> 00:08:54,250
431
+ not break when the objects are stretched they
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:54,250 --> 00:09:00,050
435
+ deform ุงู„ deformation ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุงุŸุจุชุดูˆู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:00,050 --> 00:09:05,270
439
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุทูˆู„ ู‡ูŠุชุดูˆู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠุฑูุน ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุจุฑูุน
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:05,270 --> 00:09:09,670
443
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃุจุณุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏู†ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:09,670 --> 00:09:15,770
447
+ ู…ุบูŠุทุฉ ุฎุฏุช ู…ุบูŠุทุฉ ูˆ ุณุญุจุชูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒุŸ ุชุชู…ุฏุฏ ..
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:15,770 --> 00:09:19,870
451
+ ุชุชู…ุฏุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจุชู…ุทุจ ุชุณูˆูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฑุงุฎุฏุชูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฑุฌุน
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:19,870 --> 00:09:24,200
455
+ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:34,340
459
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ elasticity ุงู„ุงู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:34,340 --> 00:09:38,580
463
+ elasticity ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:38,580 --> 00:09:45,140
467
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช Layden ูˆ ู…ุถุทูŠุชุŒ ุจุฑุฌุน ุงู„ factor ุชุจุนู‡
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:45,140 --> 00:09:50,920
471
+ ุจุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุทูŠุจ in test the cable
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:55,500
475
+ extended it increased in length extension can be
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:55,500 --> 00:09:58,900
479
+ measured as a change in an object length compared
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:58,900 --> 00:10:02,560
483
+ to its original length ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ change ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:07,340
487
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ .. ู‡ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ .. ู‚ุฏุงุดุฉ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุทูˆู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:07,340 --> 00:10:15,100
491
+ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:15,100 --> 00:10:20,810
495
+ strainุงู„ู€ strain ู‡ูˆ ุจุฌูŠุณ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:20,810 --> 00:10:24,930
499
+ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุฅูŠุงู‡ according to a law called young's
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:24,930 --> 00:10:30,190
503
+ modulus of elasticity stress is proportional to
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:30,190 --> 00:10:34,330
507
+ strain ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ stress ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:34,330 --> 00:10:38,290
511
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ุจูŠู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ strain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ in other
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:38,290 --> 00:10:41,630
515
+ words a percentage increase in the stress will
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:41,630 --> 00:10:44,770
519
+ cause the same percentage increase in the strain
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:44,770 --> 00:10:51,990
523
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุทุฑุฏูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stress ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:51,990 --> 00:10:57,210
527
+ ุงู„ strain ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ however this is only true up to
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:57,210 --> 00:11:01,250
531
+ a point called limit of proportionality ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:01,250 --> 00:11:03,950
535
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุทุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง linear
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:03,950 --> 00:11:08,770
539
+ region linear ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฒูŠุฏ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:08,770 --> 00:11:12,640
543
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ linear
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:17,720
547
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ outside ุงู„ limit of
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:17,720 --> 00:11:20,600
551
+ proportionality ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจุทูŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:23,820
555
+ linear ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ non-linear ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ stress
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:23,820 --> 00:11:28,800
559
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฑุงูู‚ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ straight ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:28,800 --> 00:11:32,640
563
+ ุชุญุตู„ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ non-linear relationship
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:38,340
567
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ non-linear regionุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:38,340 --> 00:11:43,740
571
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุณุชุตุจุญ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุนุถุงุก.
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:53,480
575
+ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ stress and strain were
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:58,120
579
+ therefore become disproportionate ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุด
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:58,120 --> 00:12:02,520
583
+ ุทุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ..ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:08,120
587
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ..ููŠุด ุฅุดูŠ ุจุญูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:12,640
591
+ ..ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ..ุงุฎุฏุชูˆุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:12,640 --> 00:12:16,500
595
+ ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ diode ุงู„ diode
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:19,510 --> 00:12:26,750
599
+ ู…ุงุด ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุŸ ุงุชู†ุงู‚ุดุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ diet ุงูŠุด
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:26,750 --> 00:12:31,090
603
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธู‰ุŸ ุงูˆ ุงู„ transistor ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุงุดู‰ ุงู„ transistor
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:31,090 --> 00:12:35,570
607
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:35,570 --> 00:12:41,990
611
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ base ุชูŠุงุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ collector ุงูŠุด ุจุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:47,450
615
+ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ .. ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู†
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:47,450 --> 00:12:54,070
619
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒูŠุณุชุฑ ุงูˆู„ุง ููŠ curve ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:54,070 --> 00:13:02,830
623
+ ุงู„ VB ุฃูˆ CE ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ IC ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ IC ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:02,830 --> 00:13:09,950
627
+ ุชุจุน ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ collector ุตุญ ุงู†ุง ุฌุงูŠุจู„ูƒูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:09,950 --> 00:13:17,860
631
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจู„ุงุด ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุนู†ู‡ุงุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุงู„ ..
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:17,860 --> 00:13:23,100
635
+ ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุชุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:23,100 --> 00:13:31,680
639
+ ุงุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช cable ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ .. ุงูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:31,680 --> 00:13:37,510
643
+ ู…ุทุงุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุทุงุทุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุญุจู„ ู…ุทุงุทุทุจุน ุงู„ู†ุทุŒ ุทุจุน
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:37,510 --> 00:13:42,450
647
+ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุญู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ูˆุฒู† ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุญู„ุงุญุธ ุฅูŠุด ุจู…ุท
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:42,450 --> 00:13:45,850
651
+ ู…ุนูŠ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุถู„ูŠุชู†ูŠ ุฃุฒูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฒุงู†
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:45,850 --> 00:13:51,470
655
+ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุฅูŠุด .. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ูˆุฒู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจู„ุงุญุธุŸ ุงู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:51,470 --> 00:13:56,700
659
+ .. ุจู…ุท ู…ุทุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุชุดูˆู‚ ุงู‡ ุจุณ ุงูˆู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:56,700 --> 00:14:02,440
663
+ ู„ุญุฏ ุฏูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูุด ู†ุณุจุฉ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:06,380
667
+ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุจุทู„ุช
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:06,380 --> 00:14:12,060
671
+ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ type of loads ูˆ ุงู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:12,060 --> 00:14:17,130
675
+ description ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ dead loadูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:17,130 --> 00:14:20,190
679
+ life load ู‡ุฏู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ appendix ุงูŠุด ุงู„ dead loadุŸ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:20,190 --> 00:14:24,090
683
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุทุงู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ูู‰
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:24,090 --> 00:14:32,310
687
+ ุญุฏู‡ ูู‰ู‡ ุถุบุท ู„ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ู„ุณู‚ู ูู‰ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุญูŠุทุงู† ูู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:32,310 --> 00:14:37,830
691
+ ุถุบุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฃูˆุฒุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:37,830 --> 00:14:42,070
695
+ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุชุจุนูƒู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:42,070 --> 00:14:46,470
699
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:46,470 --> 00:14:50,770
703
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนูƒู… ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ life
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:50,770 --> 00:14:55,570
707
+ load ูู‡ู…ุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ life loadุŸ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:55,570 --> 00:14:58,650
711
+ dead loadุŒ ุงู„ dead load ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:04,430 --> 00:15:07,990
715
+ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ู‡ุฐุง a load whose magnitude can be different
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:07,990 --> 00:15:11,850
719
+ at different time usually imposed on put on or
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:11,850 --> 00:15:16,170
723
+ machine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง static loads ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠู‡
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:16,170 --> 00:15:21,350
727
+ loads they stay ูŠุนู†ูŠ the same remain still still
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:21,350 --> 00:15:28,980
731
+ ุงูŠุด ุชุงุจุชุฉ ุงู„ loads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุถู„ ุชุงุจุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุณุงูƒู†ุฉุฏู‡
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:28,980 --> 00:15:32,200
735
+ ุจู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:38,780
739
+ ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:38,780 --> 00:15:45,900
743
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ุฎููŠูุŒ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:45,900 --> 00:15:52,590
747
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:52,590 --> 00:15:57,030
751
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุง ุฃุจูŠุถ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุณูˆุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:57,030 --> 00:16:03,630
755
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:03,630 --> 00:16:11,020
759
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ ู‡ูŠ dynamic ูˆู„ุง staticุŸdynamic ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุณุจ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:11,020 --> 00:16:15,520
763
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ dynamic load
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:15,520 --> 00:16:20,460
767
+ ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ static
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:20,460 --> 00:16:23,940
771
+ load ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:23,940 --> 00:16:28,180
775
+ point load ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ uniformly distributed load ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:28,180 --> 00:16:33,560
779
+ point load ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:33,560 --> 00:16:36,960
783
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ุงุช ุงูŠุด ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:40,900
787
+ load which is concentrated that is which act on a
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:40,900 --> 00:16:44,700
791
+ smaller area ุจุงุฌูŠ ุน ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:44,700 --> 00:16:48,480
795
+ distributed weight ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฒุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:53,980
799
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ูู‡ุงุช ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด distribute weight
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:53,980 --> 00:17:01,170
803
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ุทุฑู‚ุช ู‡ูˆุงูŠุง ู‡ุงู†ุงู„ู€ force ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:01,170 --> 00:17:05,350
807
+ ูˆูŠู†ุฌุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ุงุช ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌุจุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆูˆุฒุนุช ุญุทูŠุช
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:05,350 --> 00:17:10,070
811
+ ุฎุดุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุตุฑุช ุงุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒูƒู„ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:10,070 --> 00:17:13,670
815
+ distributed uniformly distributed weight a load
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:13,670 --> 00:17:17,250
819
+ which is spread evenly ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:17,250 --> 00:17:22,450
823
+ ุจุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูุงู†ุง .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุนุฑู ููŠู‡ุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:22,450 --> 00:17:26,750
827
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุญุฉ video
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:26,750 --> 00:17:30,810
831
+ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ loads ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ูˆ ุจุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:30,810 --> 00:17:35,610
835
+ examples ูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stress ูˆ ุงู„ strain
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:35,610 --> 00:17:41,770
839
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ video ู‡ุชูุฑุฌูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:41,770 --> 00:17:43,010
843
+ ู…ุทู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:45,790 --> 00:17:49,410
847
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู‡ุชุดูˆููŠ .. ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงุชุณู†ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุชุดูˆููŠ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:49,410 --> 00:17:53,470
851
+ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ุง replace the underlying words
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:53,470 --> 00:17:56,110
855
+ and expressions with alternative words and
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:56,110 --> 00:18:01,810
859
+ expressions from a and appendix ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ page 106
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:01,810 --> 00:18:06,280
863
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูุชูˆู‡ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:10,200
867
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง if you look at objects around
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:10,200 --> 00:18:12,720
871
+ you it's difficult to find something that could
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:12,720 --> 00:18:17,020
875
+ not be smashed with a hammer ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุญูˆุงู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:17,020 --> 00:18:22,400
879
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชูƒุณุฑูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒูˆุด ุตุญุŸ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:22,400 --> 00:18:28,140
883
+ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุจุงู„ุดูƒูˆุด ุงุณุฃู„ ุฃุฎูˆุงุชูƒ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ูƒ ู…ุงููŠุด
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:28,140 --> 00:18:34,320
887
+ ุดูŠ ู…ุชูƒุณุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุทูŠุจ but if you lay the hammer down
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:37,960
891
+ carefully on any of these objects ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด force
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:37,960 --> 00:18:45,200
895
+ with ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู†ุฒู„ุช ุงู„ุดูƒูˆุด ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:47,920
899
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ forceุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ force ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:54,720
903
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ load load ู…ุธุจูˆุท which is put on them
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:54,720 --> 00:19:00,930
907
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ put onุŸexerted ุฃูˆ imposed on ุงู„ impose
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:00,930 --> 00:19:06,690
911
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงูˆ exerted ุงู†ุง ูุฑุฏุชู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:06,690 --> 00:19:10,170
915
+ would not be sufficient to cause even the
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:10,170 --> 00:19:13,130
919
+ slightest damage this comparison illustrate the
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:13,130 --> 00:19:17,030
923
+ difference between them ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:17,030 --> 00:19:22,190
927
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ู…ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ moving force which
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:22,190 --> 00:19:24,970
931
+ combine mass and momentุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:24,970 --> 00:19:27,770
935
+ moving forceุŸ ุงู„ moving force ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:27,770 --> 00:19:33,710
939
+ dynamic force ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ apply a shock ุงูŠุด
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:33,710 --> 00:19:40,910
943
+ ุงู„ุดูƒุŸ ุงู„ impulse ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ impulse ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:40,910 --> 00:19:45,310
947
+ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ shock ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงูŠุดุŸ impulse
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:53,760
951
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ุจูˆู„ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:59,900
955
+ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ system ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุดุงุฑู‡ุงู† ุงู„
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:59,900 --> 00:20:06,480
959
+ magnitude ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ at time zero ู…ุซู„ุงูŠุนู†ูŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:11,620
963
+ ููŠ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุนุทูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:11,620 --> 00:20:15,420
967
+ ุงู„ุดุงู‚ุŒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุญุฏ ูŠุฎุจุทูƒ ู‡ูˆูŠุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุงู‚ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:15,420 --> 00:20:20,240
971
+ ุณุงู‡ุฑุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ูˆุฎุจุทูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ู„ุง ุจุณ ู‡ูˆูŠุง ูˆ ุจุณุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:25,380
975
+ ุฒูŠ ู†ุฎุฒุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ูˆู‚ูุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุงู‚ุŒ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:25,380 --> 00:20:31,810
979
+ ุจุทู„ุช ุดุงู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ุงู„ุดูƒ ุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:31,810 --> 00:20:37,850
983
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูƒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ moving
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:37,850 --> 00:20:43,490
987
+ force ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง dynamic load ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู…ุจูˆุฑุฒ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:43,490 --> 00:20:49,750
991
+ ุงู„ุงู† still force ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง static load which
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:49,750 --> 00:20:53,070
995
+ consists only of an object own mass ุงูŠุด ุงู„ own
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:53,070 --> 00:20:59,530
999
+ mass ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ self weightself weight ุงู„ on mass
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:59,530 --> 00:21:04,250
1003
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง between the two situation ุงูŠุด
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:04,250 --> 00:21:07,990
1007
+ the size of the load ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ magnitude ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:07,990 --> 00:21:13,070
1011
+ ู‡ูˆ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง load placed on the service is
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:13,070 --> 00:21:18,370
1015
+ dramatically different ุงูŠุด placed on exerted ุงูˆ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:18,370 --> 00:21:23,170
1019
+ imposed on ู‡ูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:23,170 --> 00:21:30,430
1023
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ put onุฃูˆ applied on ุฃูˆ applied to ู†ูุณ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:30,430 --> 00:21:34,790
1027
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ the above comparison
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:34,790 --> 00:21:38,350
1031
+ illustrated another difference in the way services
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:38,350 --> 00:21:43,330
1035
+ are pressured ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ pressuredุŸ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:44,810 --> 00:21:49,510
1039
+ loaded when a hammer is laid horizontally on the
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:49,510 --> 00:21:54,450
1043
+ surface its weight is spread over relatively large
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:54,450 --> 00:21:59,490
1047
+ area ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุญุทูŠุชูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ horizontal ุงูŠุด
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:59,490 --> 00:22:05,830
1051
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:05,830 --> 00:22:11,330
1055
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง it is therefore applied spread out
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:18,070
1059
+ force ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉuniformly distributed load
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:18,070 --> 00:22:22,670
1063
+ ุงู„ uniformly distributed load ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฒุนุช
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:22,670 --> 00:22:28,650
1067
+ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŒ uniform ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:28,650 --> 00:22:29,890
1071
+ ู…ู†ุชุถู…
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:32,740 --> 00:22:36,940
1075
+ by contrast ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠุถ when a hammer hits
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:36,940 --> 00:22:40,300
1079
+ something only the edge of the hammer head comes
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:40,300 --> 00:22:44,000
1083
+ into contact with the surface ู„ู…ุง ุญุทูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:47,820
1087
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูƒูˆุด ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ ุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:47,820 --> 00:22:52,360
1091
+ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุถุฑุจ ุงูŠุด ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:52,360 --> 00:22:56,400
1095
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง in contact with the surface the force
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:56,400 --> 00:23:01,750
1099
+ therefore is focused ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง concentratedin
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:01,750 --> 00:23:05,630
1103
+ a small area applying ุฅูŠุดุŸ localized pressure
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:05,630 --> 00:23:10,110
1107
+ point load ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ point loadุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:10,110 --> 00:23:16,650
1111
+ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ uniformly spread load ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุชูˆุฒุน
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:16,650 --> 00:23:20,230
1115
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุจุฏูƒ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:20,230 --> 00:23:24,330
1119
+ ุงู„ dynamic ุฅูŠุด ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุŸ dynamic load moving
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:24,330 --> 00:23:31,100
1123
+ stillุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ static loadุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุบู„
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:31,100 --> 00:23:34,820
1127
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ point loadุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:34,820 --> 00:23:38,580
1131
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ uniformlyุŒ distributed load ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ overุŒ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:38,580 --> 00:23:42,460
1135
+ ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:42,460 --> 00:23:48,370
1139
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุถุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุงุงู„ุงู† ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:48,370 --> 00:23:52,490
1143
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ complete the technical checklist
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:52,490 --> 00:23:59,510
1147
+ based on ุงู„ a ุงู„ุงู† ู…ูˆุฒุนุชู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุญุทูŠู† ุงู„ a
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:59,510 --> 00:24:04,650
1151
+ ูˆ ุงู„ b ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูุญู‡ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุญุทูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุงุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:04,650 --> 00:24:08,510
1155
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุถู„ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ูƒู„
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:08,510 --> 00:24:12,190
1159
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ which components need
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:12,190 --> 00:24:16,190
1163
+ to carry load determine what which components are
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:16,820 --> 00:24:23,440
1167
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ bearing .. bearing ุฅูŠุดุŸ load ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:23,440 --> 00:24:27,360
1171
+ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุงู‡ู†ุง which components need to carry load
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:31,740
1175
+ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ bearing load ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู† ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ what
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:31,740 --> 00:24:35,560
1179
+ type of load will be carried out carried by each
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:35,560 --> 00:24:39,840
1183
+ part with which load will remain constant and
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:39,840 --> 00:24:42,980
1187
+ which will differ depending on the use of
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:42,980 --> 00:24:46,500
1191
+ circumstances ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง analyzing the type of the
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:54,480
1195
+ load that will ุงูŠุด ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงact on exerted on ุฃูˆ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:54,480 --> 00:24:59,380
1199
+ impose on on each part ุฃุณุณ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:59,380 --> 00:25:07,140
1203
+ load ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ dead
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:07,140 --> 00:25:12,170
1207
+ load ูˆ ุงู„ life load ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ dead ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:12,170 --> 00:25:16,670
1211
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ structure ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ life ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุช
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:16,670 --> 00:25:23,690
1215
+ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑู‡ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุน
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:23,690 --> 00:25:27,730
1219
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช what amount of load will be exerted in
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:27,730 --> 00:25:33,590
1223
+ newtons calculate ุงูŠุด the magnitude of the load as
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:35,150 --> 00:25:39,330
1227
+ Scalar quantity ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู‡ูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:39,330 --> 00:25:44,270
1231
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† scalar quantity ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ vector ู‡ูˆ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:44,270 --> 00:25:50,110
1235
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ scalar quantity ุฒุงุฆุฏ direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง in
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:50,110 --> 00:25:55,350
1239
+ what direction will the load act evaluate the load
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:55,350 --> 00:26:01,640
1243
+ as ู„ุณู‡ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠู‡ vector quantitiesFor the
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:06,960
1247
+ materials used, how concentrated can the maximum
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:06,960 --> 00:26:10,060
1251
+ load be without putting the components under too
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:10,060 --> 00:26:13,960
1255
+ much pressure? Determine the maximum level of
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:13,960 --> 00:26:19,080
1259
+ stress that can be carried by materials without
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:19,080 --> 00:26:23,130
1263
+ causing them to be overloadedover stress ู‡ุฐุง
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:23,130 --> 00:26:27,370
1267
+ stress ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ force per unit area ูˆ over
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:27,370 --> 00:26:32,510
1271
+ stress ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ break down ุงูˆ ุชูˆุตู„ ู„
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:32,510 --> 00:26:37,610
1275
+ deformation how much deformation can be expected
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:37,610 --> 00:26:41,390
1279
+ calculate the percentage of strain ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:41,390 --> 00:26:47,760
1283
+ deformation ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ strainif
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:50,940
1287
+ something breaks will the assembly collapse
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:50,940 --> 00:26:58,440
1291
+ dangerously or in a controlled relatively safe way
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:58,440 --> 00:27:03,140
1295
+ assist the consequence if a component collapse
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:03,140 --> 00:27:08,640
1299
+ fail fail determining the potential dangers of the
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:09,820
1303
+ failure
1304
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/JSBZUTmDLbE_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1312 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,860 --> 00:00:25,660
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณูˆู ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุณุนุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,660 --> 00:00:31,880
7
+ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุณุนุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† loadุŒ stress ูˆ strain ุฅูŠุด
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:31,880 --> 00:00:38,640
11
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ loadุŸ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ูˆ stressุŒ ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆ strainุŒ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:45,010
15
+ ุงู„ุดุฏุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดุฏุŸ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„a load when
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:45,010 --> 00:00:48,170
19
+ engineering engineers design a machine or a
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:48,170 --> 00:00:51,610
23
+ structure they need to know what forces will be
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:51,610 --> 00:00:56,090
27
+ exerted on it ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุตู…ู… ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุฃูˆ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:56,090 --> 00:01:02,130
31
+ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง applied
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:02,130 --> 00:01:07,770
35
+ ุฃูˆ exerted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู† ุญุทุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจุชุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:07,770 --> 00:01:11,610
39
+ put pressure on it in engineering forces are
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:11,610 --> 00:01:15,760
43
+ called loadsููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:22,320
47
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ usually
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:22,320 --> 00:01:27,380
51
+ several different loads will act on or apply force
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:27,380 --> 00:01:30,160
55
+ to ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:38,840
59
+ ุจุชูุฑุถ ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:42,900
63
+ the components in the machine or the members part
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:42,900 --> 00:01:46,140
67
+ of a structure a component or member which is
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:46,140 --> 00:01:49,680
71
+ designed to carry or bear a load called load
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:49,680 --> 00:01:53,620
75
+ bearing components or members ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ load bearing
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:53,620 --> 00:01:57,920
79
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:57,920 --> 00:02:03,420
83
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุจู†ุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:03,420 --> 00:02:09,740
87
+ generation ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุชุฎุทูŠุท ู…ุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชู…
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:09,740 --> 00:02:15,040
91
+ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู†ูŠุฑ ูŠุชุฎุทูŠุท ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุชุญู…ูŠุท
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:15,040 --> 00:02:16,960
95
+ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:19,500
99
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:19,500 --> 00:02:19,500
103
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:19,500 --> 00:02:22,320
107
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:22,320
111
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:33,600
115
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ ุฅู„ู‡ุง magnitudeูˆุงู„ู‡ุง direction ุงูˆ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:33,600 --> 00:02:38,220
119
+ phase ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ูˆ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ..
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:38,220 --> 00:02:42,280
123
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:46,180
127
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุงุด ุงู„ูˆุงูู‚ูŠ horizontal ุงูˆ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:46,180 --> 00:02:50,680
131
+ vertical ุงู„ weight ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงูŠุด
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:55,100
135
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุจุนุช ูˆูŠู†ุŸ vertical ูู‡ุฐู‡ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:55,100 --> 00:03:00,340
139
+ ููŠุด ู‚ูˆุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุŸูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู†ุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:00,340 --> 00:03:04,260
143
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุณุจ ู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ magnitude ูˆ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:04,260 --> 00:03:08,540
147
+ ุงู„ phase load is therefore a vector a quantity or
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:08,540 --> 00:03:13,640
151
+ vector ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ู…ุชุฌู‡ุฉ that is a measurement
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:13,640 --> 00:03:17,720
155
+ with both magnitude and direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุชุฌุงู‡
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:22,680
159
+ ูˆ ุจุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงูˆ ุจุงู„ู‡ุง ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:27,550
163
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุณู„ู…ุงุช ุจุชุตูŠุฑุฅู†ู‡ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:27,550 --> 00:03:35,570
167
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ magnitude this
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:35,570 --> 00:03:39,310
171
+ is different to a scalar quantity which has a
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:39,310 --> 00:03:42,490
175
+ magnitude only ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ scalar quantity ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุจุณ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:42,490 --> 00:03:48,190
179
+ magnitude ูˆู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ูŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจ ..
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:48,190 --> 00:03:52,070
183
+ ุจ .. ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุชูˆุง ู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑูˆุญุชูˆุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:52,070 --> 00:03:55,270
187
+ ู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ plastic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:55,270 --> 00:04:00,070
191
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ apply force ุฃูˆ ุจุชุดุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู ุงูŠุด
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:00,070 --> 00:04:05,300
195
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงูˆ ุงู„ quality of the productุจุดูˆููˆุง ู‚ุฏุงุด
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:05,300 --> 00:04:08,940
199
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏ ู‡ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุฌุน ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:08,940 --> 00:04:12,460
203
+ ูุญุต ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:12,460 --> 00:04:15,940
207
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ูุญุต ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:15,940 --> 00:04:21,780
211
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ stress and strain ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุณู…ุน ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:21,780 --> 00:04:25,840
215
+ stress ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ู…ุณูƒุช ุดูƒูˆุด ูˆ ุฏุฌูŠุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:25,840 --> 00:04:31,220
219
+ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฏุฌูŠุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:31,220 --> 00:04:37,330
223
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŸู‡ู„ุงุญุธ .. ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:37,330 --> 00:04:42,050
227
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุชุญู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุชูุดูุดุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:42,050 --> 00:04:48,030
231
+ .. ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:48,030 --> 00:04:51,270
235
+ ุฌู„ุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง .. ููŠ example ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุถุฑุจูˆู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:51,270 --> 00:04:56,630
239
+ cable ุฃูˆ ุญุจู„ ูˆ ุณุญุจุช ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:56,630 --> 00:05:00,510
243
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู‚ูŠู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:00,510 --> 00:05:05,760
247
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุญุจู„ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุทุจ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:05,760 --> 00:05:09,500
251
+ ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุฃูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:09,500 --> 00:05:13,160
255
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฌูŠู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ stress
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:13,160 --> 00:05:20,580
259
+ ุงู„ stress ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉthe extract below
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:20,580 --> 00:05:23,740
263
+ is from an engineering textbook ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฃูŠุด
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:23,740 --> 00:05:27,500
267
+ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู‡ุง in a test a thick cable is used to pick up
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:27,500 --> 00:05:34,800
271
+ a heavy object ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงุจู„ ุณู…ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุณุญุจู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุดูŠุก
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:40,760
275
+ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุซู‚ูŠู„the cable stretches slightly ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:46,540
279
+ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ apply force ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ stretching
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:46,540 --> 00:05:51,660
283
+ ุจู…ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:51,660 --> 00:05:55,460
287
+ ุชุฌูŠู‡ ู„ูŠุด ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุฌูˆุต ู„ุชุญุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุฌูˆู‡
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:55,460 --> 00:05:58,500
291
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠุณุฉ ุจุชุญุณูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุถุนูŠูุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:58,500 --> 00:06:04,170
295
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุจูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุญุจู„ ุญุทูŠุชู‡
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:04,170 --> 00:06:09,330
299
+ ูˆ ุดุฏูŠุชู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุดุฏู‡ ูˆ ุนู„ู‚ุชุด ููŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:09,330 --> 00:06:13,030
303
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุต ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุดุฏู‡ ู…ุงุดุฏูˆุฏ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุดุฏ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:13,030 --> 00:06:16,530
307
+ .. ุตุงุฑู„ู‡ ุดุฏ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ..
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:16,530 --> 00:06:22,290
311
+ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ .. ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุตุงุฑ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:22,290 --> 00:06:26,860
315
+ deformedุทูŠุจ the cable stretches slightly but lifts
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:26,860 --> 00:06:30,560
319
+ the weight ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† a second test is done
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:33,960
323
+ using a thinner cable thinner cable ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:39,820
327
+ ูƒุงุจู„ ุฃุฑูุน one with only half the cross-sectional
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:39,820 --> 00:06:44,500
331
+ area of the thick cable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ุต ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุชุจุนู‡
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:44,500 --> 00:06:49,560
335
+ this time the cable stretches then break ุงู„ูƒุงุจู„
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:54,980
339
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจู…ุท ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจู†ู‚ุทุนwhy did the
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:54,980 --> 00:07:00,260
343
+ thinner cable failุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ูุดู„ ุงู„ุงู† not due to a
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:00,260 --> 00:07:03,520
347
+ higher load as the weight was the same ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:03,520 --> 00:07:07,880
351
+ load ุชุจุนุชูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุชุจุนูŠ ู…ุง ุชุบูŠุฑุด ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุงุดุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:07,880 --> 00:07:12,160
355
+ the failure was due to stress ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุณุจุจ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:12,160 --> 00:07:16,800
359
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ู„ stress ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ stress is force per unit
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:19,720
363
+ area ุงู„ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:25,930
367
+ ุฃูŠุดุŸู‚ูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ and is measured in
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:25,930 --> 00:07:30,710
371
+ newton per square meter or pascals ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:30,710 --> 00:07:34,550
375
+ newton per square meter ุงูˆ pascals the thinner
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:34,550 --> 00:07:39,210
379
+ cable was therefore stressed twice as much as the
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:39,210 --> 00:07:42,050
383
+ thick cable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุทู„ุน ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:42,050 --> 00:07:47,690
387
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ proportional ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:47,690 --> 00:07:53,400
391
+ ู†ู‚ุตุชู„ู„ู†ุต ูุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ stress ุงุถุงุนู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:53,400 --> 00:07:58,260
395
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ as the same load was concentrated into
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:58,260 --> 00:08:03,160
399
+ the cross-sectional area that was fifty percent
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:08,550
403
+ smaller ุงู„ุงู† concentrated ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ focusedุฃูˆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:08,550 --> 00:08:13,850
407
+ ุชุฑูƒุฒุช focus ุชุฑูƒุฒุช ูˆู‡ูŠ concentrated ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:13,850 --> 00:08:17,070
411
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง fail, failure, stressed,
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:17,610 --> 00:08:24,110
415
+ concentrated ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง exerted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:24,110 --> 00:08:31,850
419
+ applied ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ุง loads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง act onุชุชูุงุนู„ ููŠ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:31,850 --> 00:08:36,550
423
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง carry ุฃูˆ pair ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก load bearing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:36,550 --> 00:08:41,310
427
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ magnitude ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:41,310 --> 00:08:47,950
431
+ quantity ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ scalar quantity ุทูŠุจ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:47,950 --> 00:08:50,890
435
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง why did the ticker cable stretch but
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:50,890 --> 00:08:54,250
439
+ not break when the objects are stretched they
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:54,250 --> 00:09:00,050
443
+ deform ุงู„ deformation ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุงุŸุจุชุดูˆู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:00,050 --> 00:09:05,270
447
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุทูˆู„ ู‡ูŠุชุดูˆู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠุฑูุน ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุจุฑูุน
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:05,270 --> 00:09:09,670
451
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃุจุณุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏู†ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:09,670 --> 00:09:15,770
455
+ ู…ุบูŠุทุฉ ุฎุฏุช ู…ุบูŠุทุฉ ูˆ ุณุญุจุชูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒุŸ ุชุชู…ุฏุฏ ..
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:15,770 --> 00:09:19,870
459
+ ุชุชู…ุฏุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจุชู…ุทุจ ุชุณูˆูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฑุงุฎุฏุชูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฑุฌุน
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:19,870 --> 00:09:24,200
463
+ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:34,340
467
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ elasticity ุงู„ุงู†
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:34,340 --> 00:09:38,580
471
+ elasticity ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:38,580 --> 00:09:45,140
475
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช Layden ูˆ ู…ุถุทูŠุชุŒ ุจุฑุฌุน ุงู„ factor ุชุจุนู‡
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:45,140 --> 00:09:50,920
479
+ ุจุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุทูŠุจ in test the cable
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:55,500
483
+ extended it increased in length extension can be
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:55,500 --> 00:09:58,900
487
+ measured as a change in an object length compared
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:58,900 --> 00:10:02,560
491
+ to its original length ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ change ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:07,340
495
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ .. ู‡ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ .. ู‚ุฏุงุดุฉ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุทูˆู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:07,340 --> 00:10:15,100
499
+ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:15,100 --> 00:10:20,810
503
+ strainุงู„ู€ strain ู‡ูˆ ุจุฌูŠุณ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:20,810 --> 00:10:24,930
507
+ ู„ู‡ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุฅูŠุงู‡ according to a law called young's
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:24,930 --> 00:10:30,190
511
+ modulus of elasticity stress is proportional to
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:30,190 --> 00:10:34,330
515
+ strain ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ stress ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:34,330 --> 00:10:38,290
519
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ุจูŠู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ strain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ in other
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:38,290 --> 00:10:41,630
523
+ words a percentage increase in the stress will
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:41,630 --> 00:10:44,770
527
+ cause the same percentage increase in the strain
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:44,770 --> 00:10:51,990
531
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุทุฑุฏูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stress ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:51,990 --> 00:10:57,210
535
+ ุงู„ strain ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ however this is only true up to
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:57,210 --> 00:11:01,250
539
+ a point called limit of proportionality ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:01,250 --> 00:11:03,950
543
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุทุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง linear
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:03,950 --> 00:11:08,770
547
+ region linear ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฒูŠุฏ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:08,770 --> 00:11:12,640
551
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ linear
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:17,720
555
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฑุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ outside ุงู„ limit of
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:17,720 --> 00:11:20,600
559
+ proportionality ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจุทูŠ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:23,820
563
+ linear ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ non-linear ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ stress
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:23,820 --> 00:11:28,800
567
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฑุงูู‚ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ straight ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:28,800 --> 00:11:32,640
571
+ ุชุญุตู„ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ non-linear relationship
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:38,340
575
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ non-linear regionุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:38,340 --> 00:11:43,740
579
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุณุชุตุจุญ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุนุถุงุก.
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:53,480
583
+ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ stress and strain were
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:58,120
587
+ therefore become disproportionate ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุด
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:58,120 --> 00:12:02,520
591
+ ุทุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ..ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:08,120
595
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ..ููŠุด ุฅุดูŠ ุจุญูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:12,640
599
+ ..ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ..ุงุฎุฏุชูˆุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:12,640 --> 00:12:16,500
603
+ ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ diode ุงู„ diode
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:19,510 --> 00:12:26,750
607
+ ู…ุงุด ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุŸ ุงุชู†ุงู‚ุดุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ diet ุงูŠุด
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:26,750 --> 00:12:31,090
611
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธู‰ุŸ ุงูˆ ุงู„ transistor ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุงุดู‰ ุงู„ transistor
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:31,090 --> 00:12:35,570
615
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:35,570 --> 00:12:41,990
619
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ base ุชูŠุงุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ collector ุงูŠุด ุจุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:47,450
623
+ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ .. ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:47,450 --> 00:12:54,070
627
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒูŠุณุชุฑ ุงูˆู„ุง ููŠ curve ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:54,070 --> 00:13:02,830
631
+ ุงู„ VB ุฃูˆ CE ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ IC ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ IC ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:02,830 --> 00:13:09,950
635
+ ุชุจุน ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ collector ุตุญ ุงู†ุง ุฌุงูŠุจู„ูƒูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:09,950 --> 00:13:17,860
639
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจู„ุงุด ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุนู†ู‡ุงุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุงู„ ..
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:17,860 --> 00:13:23,100
643
+ ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุชุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:23,100 --> 00:13:31,680
647
+ ุงุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฌุจุช cable ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ .. ุงูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:31,680 --> 00:13:37,510
651
+ ู…ุทุงุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุทุงุทุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุญุจู„ ู…ุทุงุทุทุจุน ุงู„ู†ุทุŒ ุทุจุน
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:37,510 --> 00:13:42,450
655
+ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุญู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ูˆุฒู† ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุญู„ุงุญุธ ุฅูŠุด ุจู…ุท
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:42,450 --> 00:13:45,850
659
+ ู…ุนูŠ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุถู„ูŠุชู†ูŠ ุฃุฒูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฒุงู†
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:45,850 --> 00:13:51,470
663
+ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุฅูŠุด .. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ูˆุฒู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจู„ุงุญุธุŸ ุงู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:51,470 --> 00:13:56,700
667
+ .. ุจู…ุท ู…ุทุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุชุดูˆู‚ ุงู‡ ุจุณ ุงูˆู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:56,700 --> 00:14:02,440
671
+ ู„ุญุฏ ุฏูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูุด ู†ุณุจุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:06,380
675
+ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุจุทู„ุช
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:06,380 --> 00:14:12,060
679
+ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ type of loads ูˆ ุงู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:12,060 --> 00:14:17,130
683
+ description ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ dead loadูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:17,130 --> 00:14:20,190
687
+ life load ู‡ุฏู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ appendix ุงูŠุด ุงู„ dead loadุŸ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:20,190 --> 00:14:24,090
691
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุทุงู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ูู‰
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:24,090 --> 00:14:32,310
695
+ ุญุฏู‡ ูู‰ู‡ ุถุบุท ู„ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ู„ุณู‚ู ูู‰ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุญูŠุทุงู† ูู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:32,310 --> 00:14:37,830
699
+ ุถุบุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฃูˆุฒุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:37,830 --> 00:14:42,070
703
+ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุชุจุนูƒู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:42,070 --> 00:14:46,470
707
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:46,470 --> 00:14:50,770
711
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนูƒู… ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ life
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:50,770 --> 00:14:55,570
715
+ load ูู‡ู…ุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ life loadุŸ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:55,570 --> 00:14:58,650
719
+ dead loadุŒ ุงู„ dead load ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:04,430 --> 00:15:07,990
723
+ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ู‡ุฐุง a load whose magnitude can be different
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:07,990 --> 00:15:11,850
727
+ at different time usually imposed on put on or
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:11,850 --> 00:15:16,170
731
+ machine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง static loads ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠู‡
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:16,170 --> 00:15:21,350
735
+ loads they stay ูŠุนู†ูŠ the same remain still still
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:21,350 --> 00:15:28,980
739
+ ุงูŠุด ุชุงุจุชุฉ ุงู„ loads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุถู„ ุชุงุจุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุณุงูƒู†ุฉุฏู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:28,980 --> 00:15:32,200
743
+ ุจู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:38,780
747
+ ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:38,780 --> 00:15:45,900
751
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ุฎููŠูุŒ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:45,900 --> 00:15:52,590
755
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:52,590 --> 00:15:57,030
759
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุง ุฃุจูŠุถ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุณูˆุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:57,030 --> 00:16:03,630
763
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:03,630 --> 00:16:11,020
767
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุญ ู‡ูŠ dynamic ูˆู„ุง staticุŸdynamic ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุณุจ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:11,020 --> 00:16:15,520
771
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ dynamic load
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:15,520 --> 00:16:20,460
775
+ ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ static
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:20,460 --> 00:16:23,940
779
+ load ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:23,940 --> 00:16:28,180
783
+ point load ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ uniformly distributed load ุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:28,180 --> 00:16:33,560
787
+ point load ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:33,560 --> 00:16:36,960
791
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ุงุช ุงูŠุด ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:40,900
795
+ load which is concentrated that is which act on a
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:40,900 --> 00:16:44,700
799
+ smaller area ุจุงุฌูŠ ุน ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:44,700 --> 00:16:48,480
803
+ distributed weight ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฒุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:53,980
807
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ูู‡ุงุช ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด distribute weight
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:53,980 --> 00:17:01,170
811
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ุทุฑู‚ุช ู‡ูˆุงูŠุง ู‡ุงู†ุงู„ู€ force ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:01,170 --> 00:17:05,350
815
+ ูˆูŠู†ุฌุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ุงุช ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌุจุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆูˆุฒุนุช ุญุทูŠุช
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:05,350 --> 00:17:10,070
819
+ ุฎุดุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุตุฑุช ุงุถุบุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒูƒู„ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:10,070 --> 00:17:13,670
823
+ distributed uniformly distributed weight a load
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:13,670 --> 00:17:17,250
827
+ which is spread evenly ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:17,250 --> 00:17:22,450
831
+ ุจุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูุงู†ุง .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจุนุฑู ููŠู‡ุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:22,450 --> 00:17:26,750
835
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุญุฉ video
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:26,750 --> 00:17:30,810
839
+ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ loads ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ูˆ ุจุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:30,810 --> 00:17:35,610
843
+ examples ูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stress ูˆ ุงู„ strain
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:35,610 --> 00:17:41,770
847
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ video ู‡ุชูุฑุฌูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:41,770 --> 00:17:43,010
851
+ ู…ุทู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:45,790 --> 00:17:49,410
855
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู‡ุชุดูˆููŠ .. ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงุชุณู†ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุชุดูˆููŠ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:49,410 --> 00:17:53,470
859
+ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ุง replace the underlying words
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:53,470 --> 00:17:56,110
863
+ and expressions with alternative words and
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:56,110 --> 00:18:01,810
867
+ expressions from a and appendix ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ page 106
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:01,810 --> 00:18:06,280
871
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูุชูˆู‡ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:10,200
875
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง if you look at objects around
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:10,200 --> 00:18:12,720
879
+ you it's difficult to find something that could
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:12,720 --> 00:18:17,020
883
+ not be smashed with a hammer ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุญูˆุงู„ูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:17,020 --> 00:18:22,400
887
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูŠุด ุชูƒุณุฑูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒูˆุด ุตุญุŸ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:22,400 --> 00:18:28,140
891
+ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุจุงู„ุดูƒูˆุด ุงุณุฃู„ ุฃุฎูˆุงุชูƒ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ูƒ ู…ุงููŠุด
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:28,140 --> 00:18:34,320
895
+ ุดูŠ ู…ุชูƒุณุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุทูŠุจ but if you lay the hammer down
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:37,960
899
+ carefully on any of these objects ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด force
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:37,960 --> 00:18:45,200
903
+ with ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู†ุฒู„ุช ุงู„ุดูƒูˆุด ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:47,920
907
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ forceุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ force ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:54,720
911
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ load load ู…ุธุจูˆุท which is put on them
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:54,720 --> 00:19:00,930
915
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ put onุŸexerted ุฃูˆ imposed on ุงู„ impose
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:00,930 --> 00:19:06,690
919
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุชู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงูˆ exerted ุงู†ุง ูุฑุฏุชู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:06,690 --> 00:19:10,170
923
+ would not be sufficient to cause even the
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:10,170 --> 00:19:13,130
927
+ slightest damage this comparison illustrate the
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:13,130 --> 00:19:17,030
931
+ difference between them ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑุงุช
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:17,030 --> 00:19:22,190
935
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ู…ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ moving force which
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:22,190 --> 00:19:24,970
939
+ combine mass and momentุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:24,970 --> 00:19:27,770
943
+ moving forceุŸ ุงู„ moving force ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:27,770 --> 00:19:33,710
947
+ dynamic force ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ apply a shock ุงูŠุด
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:33,710 --> 00:19:40,910
951
+ ุงู„ุดูƒุŸ ุงู„ impulse ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ impulse ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:40,910 --> 00:19:45,310
955
+ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ shock ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงูŠุดุŸ impulse
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:53,760
959
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ุจูˆู„ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:59,900
963
+ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ system ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุดุงุฑู‡ุงู† ุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:59,900 --> 00:20:06,480
967
+ magnitude ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ at time zero ู…ุซู„ุงูŠุนู†ูŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:11,620
971
+ ููŠ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชุนุทูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:11,620 --> 00:20:15,420
975
+ ุงู„ุดุงู‚ุŒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุญุฏ ูŠุฎุจุทูƒ ู‡ูˆูŠุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุดุงู‚ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:15,420 --> 00:20:20,240
979
+ ุณุงู‡ุฑุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ูˆุฎุจุทูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ู„ุง ุจุณ ู‡ูˆูŠุง ูˆ ุจุณุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:25,380
983
+ ุฒูŠ ู†ุฎุฒุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ูˆู‚ูุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุงู‚ุŒ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:25,380 --> 00:20:31,810
987
+ ุจุทู„ุช ุดุงู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ุงู„ุดูƒ ุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:31,810 --> 00:20:37,850
991
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูƒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ moving
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:37,850 --> 00:20:43,490
995
+ force ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง dynamic load ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู…ุจูˆุฑุฒ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:43,490 --> 00:20:49,750
999
+ ุงู„ุงู† still force ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง static load which
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:49,750 --> 00:20:53,070
1003
+ consists only of an object own mass ุงูŠุด ุงู„ own
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:53,070 --> 00:20:59,530
1007
+ mass ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ self weightself weight ุงู„ on mass
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:59,530 --> 00:21:04,250
1011
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง between the two situation ุงูŠุด
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:04,250 --> 00:21:07,990
1015
+ the size of the load ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ magnitude ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:07,990 --> 00:21:13,070
1019
+ ู‡ูˆ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง load placed on the service is
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:13,070 --> 00:21:18,370
1023
+ dramatically different ุงูŠุด placed on exerted ุงูˆ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:18,370 --> 00:21:23,170
1027
+ imposed on ู‡ูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:23,170 --> 00:21:30,430
1031
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ put onุฃูˆ applied on ุฃูˆ applied to ู†ูุณ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:30,430 --> 00:21:34,790
1035
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ the above comparison
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:34,790 --> 00:21:38,350
1039
+ illustrated another difference in the way services
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:38,350 --> 00:21:43,330
1043
+ are pressured ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ pressuredุŸ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:44,810 --> 00:21:49,510
1047
+ loaded when a hammer is laid horizontally on the
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:49,510 --> 00:21:54,450
1051
+ surface its weight is spread over relatively large
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:54,450 --> 00:21:59,490
1055
+ area ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุญุทูŠุชูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ horizontal ุงูŠุด
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:59,490 --> 00:22:05,830
1059
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:05,830 --> 00:22:11,330
1063
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง it is therefore applied spread out
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:18,070
1067
+ force ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉuniformly distributed load
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:18,070 --> 00:22:22,670
1071
+ ุงู„ uniformly distributed load ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฒุนุช
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:22,670 --> 00:22:28,650
1075
+ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŒ uniform ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:28,650 --> 00:22:29,890
1079
+ ู…ู†ุชุถู…
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:32,740 --> 00:22:36,940
1083
+ by contrast ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠุถ when a hammer hits
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:36,940 --> 00:22:40,300
1087
+ something only the edge of the hammer head comes
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:40,300 --> 00:22:44,000
1091
+ into contact with the surface ู„ู…ุง ุญุทูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:47,820
1095
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูƒูˆุด ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ ุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:47,820 --> 00:22:52,360
1099
+ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุถุฑุจ ุงูŠุด ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:52,360 --> 00:22:56,400
1103
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง in contact with the surface the force
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:56,400 --> 00:23:01,750
1107
+ therefore is focused ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง concentratedin
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:01,750 --> 00:23:05,630
1111
+ a small area applying ุฅูŠุดุŸ localized pressure
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:05,630 --> 00:23:10,110
1115
+ point load ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ point loadุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:10,110 --> 00:23:16,650
1119
+ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ uniformly spread load ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุชูˆุฒุน
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:16,650 --> 00:23:20,230
1123
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุจุฏูƒ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:20,230 --> 00:23:24,330
1127
+ ุงู„ dynamic ุฅูŠุด ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุŸ dynamic load moving
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:24,330 --> 00:23:31,100
1131
+ stillุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ static loadุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุบู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:31,100 --> 00:23:34,820
1135
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ point loadุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:34,820 --> 00:23:38,580
1139
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ uniformlyุŒ distributed load ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ overุŒ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:38,580 --> 00:23:42,460
1143
+ ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:42,460 --> 00:23:48,370
1147
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุถุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุงุงู„ุงู† ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:48,370 --> 00:23:52,490
1151
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ complete the technical checklist
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:52,490 --> 00:23:59,510
1155
+ based on ุงู„ a ุงู„ุงู† ู…ูˆุฒุนุชู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุญุทูŠู† ุงู„ a
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:59,510 --> 00:24:04,650
1159
+ ูˆ ุงู„ b ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูุญู‡ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุญุทูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุงุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:04,650 --> 00:24:08,510
1163
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุถู„ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ูƒู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:08,510 --> 00:24:12,190
1167
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ which components need
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:12,190 --> 00:24:16,190
1171
+ to carry load determine what which components are
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:16,820 --> 00:24:23,440
1175
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ bearing .. bearing ุฅูŠุดุŸ load ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:23,440 --> 00:24:27,360
1179
+ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุงู‡ู†ุง which components need to carry load
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:31,740
1183
+ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ bearing load ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู† ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ what
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:31,740 --> 00:24:35,560
1187
+ type of load will be carried out carried by each
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:35,560 --> 00:24:39,840
1191
+ part with which load will remain constant and
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:39,840 --> 00:24:42,980
1195
+ which will differ depending on the use of
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:42,980 --> 00:24:46,500
1199
+ circumstances ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง analyzing the type of the
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:54,480
1203
+ load that will ุงูŠุด ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงact on exerted on ุฃูˆ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:24:54,480 --> 00:24:59,380
1207
+ impose on on each part ุฃุณุณ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:24:59,380 --> 00:25:07,140
1211
+ load ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ dead
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:07,140 --> 00:25:12,170
1215
+ load ูˆ ุงู„ life load ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ dead ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงุŸุงู„ู„ูŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:12,170 --> 00:25:16,670
1219
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ structure ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ life ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุช
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:16,670 --> 00:25:23,690
1223
+ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑู‡ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุน
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:23,690 --> 00:25:27,730
1227
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช what amount of load will be exerted in
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:27,730 --> 00:25:33,590
1231
+ newtons calculate ุงูŠุด the magnitude of the load as
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:35,150 --> 00:25:39,330
1235
+ Scalar quantity ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู‡ูŠ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:39,330 --> 00:25:44,270
1239
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† scalar quantity ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ vector ู‡ูˆ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:44,270 --> 00:25:50,110
1243
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ scalar quantity ุฒุงุฆุฏ direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง in
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:50,110 --> 00:25:55,350
1247
+ what direction will the load act evaluate the load
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:55,350 --> 00:26:01,640
1251
+ as ู„ุณู‡ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠู‡ vector quantitiesFor the
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:06,960
1255
+ materials used, how concentrated can the maximum
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:06,960 --> 00:26:10,060
1259
+ load be without putting the components under too
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:10,060 --> 00:26:13,960
1263
+ much pressure? Determine the maximum level of
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:13,960 --> 00:26:19,080
1267
+ stress that can be carried by materials without
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:19,080 --> 00:26:23,130
1271
+ causing them to be overloadedover stress ู‡ุฐุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:23,130 --> 00:26:27,370
1275
+ stress ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ force per unit area ูˆ over
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:27,370 --> 00:26:32,510
1279
+ stress ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ break down ุงูˆ ุชูˆุตู„ ู„
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:32,510 --> 00:26:37,610
1283
+ deformation how much deformation can be expected
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:37,610 --> 00:26:41,390
1287
+ calculate the percentage of strain ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:41,390 --> 00:26:47,760
1291
+ deformation ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ strainif
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:50,940
1295
+ something breaks will the assembly collapse
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:50,940 --> 00:26:58,440
1299
+ dangerously or in a controlled relatively safe way
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:58,440 --> 00:27:03,140
1303
+ assist the consequence if a component collapse
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:03,140 --> 00:27:08,640
1307
+ fail fail determining the potential dangers of the
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:09,820
1311
+ failure
1312
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,1532 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,650 --> 00:00:24,170
3
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… today we gonna talk about electrical
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,170 --> 00:00:28,610
7
+ supplies electrical supply we gonna go the full
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:28,610 --> 00:00:33,930
11
+ cycle from the generation till it reach home ูŠุนู†ูŠ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:33,930 --> 00:00:38,510
15
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ู…ุน ุฎุทู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ู„ุญุฏ ุงุช
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:38,510 --> 00:00:40,870
19
+ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:44,820 --> 00:00:49,020
23
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ Direct
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:49,020 --> 00:00:52,680
27
+ Current ูˆ Alternating Current ุชุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุทูŠุงุฑ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:52,680 --> 00:00:56,680
31
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:56,680 --> 00:01:01,960
35
+ ูˆุทูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฏุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ AC generation and
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:01,960 --> 00:01:07,360
39
+ supply ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ู…ุญุทุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุทูŠุงุฑ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:07,360 --> 00:01:15,120
43
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฏุฏูƒูŠู ุชุฒูˆูŠุฏ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ DC generation and use
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:21,560 --> 00:01:25,340
47
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง this is direct current ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:25,340 --> 00:01:29,040
51
+ ูƒูŠู ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:33,920
55
+ alternating ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ here is the
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:37,540
59
+ peak ูˆ here is the valley the value keep changing
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:37,540 --> 00:01:42,260
63
+ and every cycle it get repeated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ูƒู„
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:42,260 --> 00:01:47,150
67
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุชุฑุฌุน ุชูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุงุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:47,150 --> 00:01:51,230
71
+ alternating ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ one
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:51,230 --> 00:01:56,090
75
+ phase ุงู„ phase ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ phase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:56,090 --> 00:02:01,890
79
+ one phase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง and three phase ุงู„ three
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:01,890 --> 00:02:08,350
83
+ phase ุฃูŠู† ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุงุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:08,350 --> 00:02:13,170
87
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ one phase ู‡ุฐุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:13,170 --> 00:02:14,110
91
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:25,500 --> 00:02:30,780
95
+ ุงู„ุจุทุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงูŠุด
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:30,780 --> 00:02:36,650
99
+ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ุงdirect ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑู‡ุง a constant
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:36,650 --> 00:02:39,810
103
+ flow of electricity which travels around a circle
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:39,810 --> 00:02:43,670
107
+ in one direction ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ู‡
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:43,670 --> 00:02:48,550
111
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชุนุฑููŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:48,550 --> 00:02:49,530
115
+ ุจุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู„ูˆูŠู†
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:56,820
119
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:56,820 --> 00:03:01,840
123
+ ู„ู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ electron flow goes from negative to
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:06,780
127
+ positive ุงู„ current flow ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง .. ุฎู„ุงุต
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:06,780 --> 00:03:12,050
131
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ from positive to negativethe
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:12,050 --> 00:03:15,230
135
+ electricity supplies to homes and other buildings
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:15,230 --> 00:03:19,150
139
+ are called main electricity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฎุท
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:19,150 --> 00:03:23,550
143
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุŒ ุฎุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:23,550 --> 00:03:27,130
147
+ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุŸ electrical supply
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:27,130 --> 00:03:32,600
151
+ ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ mainmain electricity ู…ู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:32,600 --> 00:03:39,240
155
+ water ู…ู† waste water ุงูˆ sewer ููƒู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆ drainage
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:43,060
159
+ ููƒู„ู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ main ูุงู„ main
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:43,060 --> 00:03:47,200
163
+ electricity is alternated current ุงูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ AC
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:54,030
167
+ ูˆ ุงู„ direct current ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ DCุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒ DC AC
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:54,030 --> 00:03:57,570
171
+ supply flows backward and forward ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:57,570 --> 00:04:01,770
175
+ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุฑูˆุญุŸ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† positive ู„ negative
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:01,770 --> 00:04:05,970
179
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ reverse ุฏู‡ ุงู„ polarity ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู‚ุทุน ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:05,970 --> 00:04:11,570
183
+ ู„ู‡ุง reverse ุงู„ rate at which current alternate is
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:11,570 --> 00:04:15,190
187
+ called ุงู„ frequency ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:15,190 --> 00:04:20,210
191
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ frequency ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:20,920 --> 00:04:26,580
195
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุฏุฏ fifty hertz ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:26,580 --> 00:04:31,700
199
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุฏุฏ sixty ูˆุจุนุถ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ sixty
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:31,700 --> 00:04:36,900
203
+ hertz fifty hertz ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆุงู„ุดุฑู‚
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:36,900 --> 00:04:42,130
207
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท sixty hertz ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ููŠ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:42,130 --> 00:04:45,290
211
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู‡ูˆ 50 ู‡ุฑุชุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:45,290 --> 00:04:49,790
215
+ ุชุชุบูŠุฑ 50 ู…ุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:49,790 --> 00:04:55,730
219
+ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉุŒ ุดูƒู„ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:55,730 --> 00:05:01,590
223
+ ุตูŠู†ูŠุณูŠูˆูŠุฏุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:01,590 --> 00:05:05,910
227
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:05,910 --> 00:05:10,110
231
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ phase ุชุจุนู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:10,110 --> 00:05:13,990
235
+ ุดูุชู‡ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ three phase ุฅูŠุด
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:13,990 --> 00:05:18,050
239
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ shift ููŠ ุงู„ phase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:18,050 --> 00:05:21,530
243
+ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุชูŠู†
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:21,530 --> 00:05:25,670
247
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุณุชูŠู† ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ shift
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:25,670 --> 00:05:31,120
251
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:35,240
255
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญุด low ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ high ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุจุชุฑุฌุน
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:40,280
259
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ constant supply ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ DC
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:42,170 --> 00:05:46,870
263
+ which has powerful electrical equipment in
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:46,870 --> 00:05:49,470
267
+ factories and large buildings which have powerful
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:49,470 --> 00:05:52,870
271
+ electrical equipment the supply is often three
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:52,870 --> 00:05:57,090
275
+ phase effectively three current with each with a
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:57,090 --> 00:06:00,990
279
+ different phase or timing ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:00,990 --> 00:06:05,750
283
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู†ุช ุจู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:05,750 --> 00:06:10,950
287
+ blown ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงุฏูŠุฉุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:10,950 --> 00:06:14,990
291
+ ุจุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ุงุฐุง ุจู„ุงุญุธู‡ุง ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:14,990 --> 00:06:24,690
295
+ constant ุงูˆ continuous degree ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ this
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:24,690 --> 00:06:28,270
299
+ provides a smoother supply as it reduces the gaps
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:28,270 --> 00:06:32,110
303
+ between the voltage peaks ุชู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ supply
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:32,110 --> 00:06:37,050
307
+ smoother ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…more power ู„ุฃู†
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:37,050 --> 00:06:41,230
311
+ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง power ุนุงู„ูŠ ูู‡ุฐุง supply necessary
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:41,230 --> 00:06:41,890
315
+ power
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:45,770 --> 00:06:50,530
319
+ ุงู„ู€ power plant generate electricity ุงู„ุขู† ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู€
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:50,530 --> 00:06:53,250
323
+ power plant ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏ ููŠูƒู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุชุชุฎุตุตูˆุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:53,250 --> 00:06:57,270
327
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุจู†ูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:57,270 --> 00:07:03,030
331
+ ููŠู‡ sub station ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‚ุตูุช ููŠ ุญุฑุจ 2008ุŸ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:03,030 --> 00:07:06,510
335
+ ู…ุด ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‚ุตูุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:06,510 --> 00:07:10,530
339
+ ุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ transformers ุงู„ transformers
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:10,530 --> 00:07:16,240
343
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… step up transformers ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸุจุฑูุน ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:16,240 --> 00:07:23,540
347
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฎุท .. ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:23,540 --> 00:07:28,980
351
+ ุงู„ losses ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุญุณู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุชู†ุฒู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:28,980 --> 00:07:34,620
355
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุจุชุญุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุŸุจุณุฎู† ุงู„ุณุฎูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:34,620 --> 00:07:39,520
359
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจูู‚ุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:43,640
363
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌุงู†ุง ูุฅูŠุด ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุจู†ุฑูุนูˆุง ู„ูˆ ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:43,640 --> 00:07:51,120
367
+ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ power ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ P ุงู„ P equal ุฅูŠุด V
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:51,120 --> 00:07:53,040
371
+ ููŠ I ู…ุธุจูˆุท
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:59,310
375
+ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุฑูุนุชู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุฒู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:59,310 --> 00:08:03,670
379
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู†ุฒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:03,670 --> 00:08:09,010
383
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุงุฏ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:09,010 --> 00:08:12,950
387
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:12,950 --> 00:08:15,510
391
+ ุงู„ transmission line ุจูŠุดูˆููˆู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ูุฒูŠูˆู†ุงุช
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:15,510 --> 00:08:22,500
395
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจุฑุฌูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู…ุณุงูˆูŠ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:22,500 --> 00:08:27,080
399
+ ุงู„ transmission line ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ transmission line
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:27,080 --> 00:08:30,600
403
+ carry electricity long distances ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:34,060
407
+ transformer ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ substation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ step up
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:34,060 --> 00:08:38,720
411
+ ุจุฑูุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:43,720
415
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ููˆู‚ ุงู„ 700ูƒู„ูˆ ููˆู„ุช ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:43,720 --> 00:08:48,420
419
+ ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ุงู‚ู„ ุงุดูŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูƒูŠู„ูˆ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:48,420 --> 00:08:52,800
423
+ ููˆู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู†ูŠุฌู‰ ุงู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:52,800 --> 00:08:56,660
427
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุฎุทูˆุท ุชูˆุฒูŠุน
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:56,660 --> 00:09:00,620
431
+ distribution line ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ distribution ุจุฑูˆุญู‡
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:00,620 --> 00:09:05,100
435
+ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ูˆููŠ distribution ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ ู„ู„ุจูŠูˆุชุงู„ู€
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:05,100 --> 00:09:07,740
439
+ distribution ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:07,740 --> 00:09:11,060
443
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ transformer ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ step down
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:11,060 --> 00:09:14,700
447
+ transformer ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฎูุถ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุฎูุถู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:14,700 --> 00:09:19,800
451
+ ุจู†ุฎูุถู‡ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ step
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:19,800 --> 00:09:23,580
455
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงุฎุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ุฏุงู† distribution carry
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:23,580 --> 00:09:29,060
459
+ electricity to houses ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:29,060 --> 00:09:32,680
463
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู„ู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ุขู† ุฌุงุจู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:32,680 --> 00:09:38,840
467
+ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ุง trance ุญุฏ ูŠุนุฑู ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู‚ุตู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:38,840 --> 00:09:44,880
471
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู„ู„ trance ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 500 ู…ุชุฑุงู„ุจูŠุช
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:44,880 --> 00:09:47,860
475
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุจุนุฏ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 500 ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ Trans
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:47,860 --> 00:09:53,060
479
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ voltage
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:53,060 --> 00:09:59,240
483
+ ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† 220 ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ within 5% ูŠุนู†ูŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:59,240 --> 00:10:05,360
487
+ ุจู†ู†ุฒู„ 11 volt ุงูˆ ู†ุทู„ุน 11 volt ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:10,440
491
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู†ุฒู„ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฏู‰ transformer ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒูŠู†
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:14,310
495
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู†ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ step down
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:14,310 --> 00:10:19,490
499
+ transformer ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ 230 volt
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:19,490 --> 00:10:24,310
503
+ ุงูˆ 220 volt ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุจูŠุตู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:24,310 --> 00:10:35,410
507
+ ู„ุจูŠูˆุช 240 ูˆ120 ุงูˆ 210 ู„120 ูˆุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ู† 220 ู„240 volt
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:35,410 --> 00:10:37,230
511
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ range ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:40,420 --> 00:10:44,700
515
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ AC generation and supply main electricity
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:44,700 --> 00:10:50,980
519
+ is generated as site called power stations ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:50,980 --> 00:10:55,340
523
+ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ power station ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:55,340 --> 00:10:59,160
527
+ which which uses large generator ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏ ุจูŠุดูˆู
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:59,160 --> 00:11:04,080
531
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุนู‡ ู†ุต ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:11,020
535
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆ ุฌู†ุจ unit ุชุงู†ูŠุฉa
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:11,020 --> 00:11:16,260
539
+ generator converts mechanical energy to electrical
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:16,260 --> 00:11:20,420
543
+ energy ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ุญุฑูƒุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:20,420 --> 00:11:25,140
547
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ mechanical ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ electrical energy a
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:25,140 --> 00:11:28,680
551
+ generator rotates a magnet within an iron
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:28,680 --> 00:11:32,940
555
+ surrounding ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ุงุทูŠุณ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:32,940 --> 00:11:38,490
559
+ ู„ู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจู„ู ุจุซุจุช ู…ุบู†ุงุทูŠุณ ูˆ ุจู„ูุงู„ู€ iron ุจู„ู
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:38,490 --> 00:11:45,150
563
+ coil ุฌูˆุง ู…ู„ู ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ุจุชุจุท ุงู„ู…ู„ู ูˆ ุจู„ู ุงู„ู…ุบู†ุงุท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุณ ู‡ุฐู‡
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:45,150 --> 00:11:49,850
567
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ coils of wire ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ magnet
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:49,850 --> 00:11:53,450
571
+ with an iron surrounded the iron called an
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:53,450 --> 00:11:58,070
575
+ armature has coils of wire around it called field
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:58,070 --> 00:12:04,430
579
+ coils or a field welding ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ูุงุช ุณู„ูƒas
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:04,430 --> 00:12:06,870
583
+ the magnet rotates it causes current to flow
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:06,870 --> 00:12:10,490
587
+ through the field caused due to electromagnetic
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:10,490 --> 00:12:21,710
591
+ waves ุงู„ุญูŠู† ูุงุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:21,710 --> 00:12:27,830
595
+ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุชู… ูˆุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุฑุญุชู‡ู… ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:27,830 --> 00:12:33,160
599
+ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„Current from the generator leaves the
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:33,160 --> 00:12:36,240
603
+ power station and enters the power grid
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:49,470 --> 00:12:58,750
607
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูˆุงุตู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:58,750 --> 00:13:08,850
611
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชุฏุฎู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:08,850 --> 00:13:13,530
615
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:15,320 --> 00:13:19,340
619
+ specifically step up transformer which increases
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:19,340 --> 00:13:25,040
623
+ voltage and decreases amperes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ูˆ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:25,040 --> 00:13:29,100
627
+ ุจุชู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ูุงู‡ู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ technical
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:29,100 --> 00:13:34,420
631
+ term ุตูˆุช
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:34,420 --> 00:13:39,200
635
+ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช this reduces the energy lost from the
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:46,040
639
+ power lines over ุทูŠุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฎู„ุต ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:46,040 --> 00:13:49,960
643
+ ู‡ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ fine
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:51,240 --> 00:13:54,920
647
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุทุงู‚ุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:59,460
651
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ู…ู†
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:59,460 --> 00:14:03,620
655
+ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชู†ุฒู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:03,620 --> 00:14:05,540
659
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:05,540 --> 00:14:09,040
663
+ ุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:09,040 --> 00:14:12,760
667
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:12,760 --> 00:14:15,000
671
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชู†ุฒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉbefore the
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:18,340
675
+ supply is used by the homes and other buildings it
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:18,340 --> 00:14:22,560
679
+ passes through several step down ุงูŠุด ุจุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:22,560 --> 00:14:33,280
683
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ power station ู‡ู†ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:33,280 --> 00:14:39,980
687
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุจุฑุงุฌ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ู‡ุงูŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:39,980 --> 00:14:40,700
691
+ ุงู„ transmission
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:45,010 --> 00:14:52,270
695
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู€ Transmission ุงู„ู„ูŠ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:52,270 --> 00:14:58,170
699
+ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ step up transformer
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:58,170 --> 00:15:02,550
703
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:08,570
707
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ transformers
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:08,570 --> 00:15:12,130
711
+ ู‡ู†ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:12,130 --> 00:15:19,030
715
+ stepdown ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุชุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุดุจูƒุงุช ุงู„ distribution
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:19,030 --> 00:15:24,370
719
+ lines
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:24,370 --> 00:15:34,430
723
+ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† step down transformer ู‡ู†ุง ุชุฌูŠ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:34,430 --> 00:15:35,590
727
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ distribution
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:43,480 --> 00:15:56,120
731
+ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ home ูุจุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:56,120 --> 00:16:05,240
735
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:09,600
739
+ ุชุจุนุซ ุงู„ุณูุฑุณ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ transformer which reduces the
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:14,890
743
+ voltage and increases the amperageุงู„ุฏูุน ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:14,890 --> 00:16:26,510
747
+ ูŠุชุณู„ู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 4001000 V 400 KV ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:26,510 --> 00:16:31,730
751
+ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ูุชุฑุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:31,730 --> 00:16:35,410
755
+ ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:35,410 --> 00:16:36,270
759
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:36,270 --> 00:16:36,830
763
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:36,830 --> 00:16:38,950
767
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:38,950 --> 00:16:39,630
771
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:39,630 --> 00:16:44,330
775
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:44,330 --> 00:16:51,480
779
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจูˆ ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุฎุทุฉ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:56,100
783
+ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุญูˆุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:56,100 --> 00:17:08,240
787
+ 230 ููˆู„ุชุฑ ุชุดุชุบู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:08,240 --> 00:17:16,140
791
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:16,140 --> 00:17:17,480
795
+ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดุชุบู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:17,480 --> 00:17:22,030
799
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุนู„ู‰ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ solar ูŠุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:22,030 --> 00:17:29,230
803
+ ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ูุญู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญุŒ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:29,230 --> 00:17:35,390
807
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุณุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ hydraulicุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:35,390 --> 00:17:40,840
811
+ ุงู„ุณุฏุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฏูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ู„ุง ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:40,840 --> 00:17:44,960
815
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ voltage ู‡ู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุฃู„ูˆุงู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:50,060
819
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ station ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ step up
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:50,060 --> 00:17:54,380
823
+ transformerู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ distribution lines ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:54,380 --> 00:18:05,760
827
+ voltage ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ู†ุง 765.500.345.230.138.1000 KV ุงู„ู„ูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:11,620
831
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู volt ูุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด 765.000
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:11,620 --> 00:18:16,480
835
+ volts ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุนูŠุฏ ู„ุฅู† ู„ูˆ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:16,480 --> 00:18:22,260
839
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุจูƒู‡ุฑุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู†ู‡ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุจูŠู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:22,260 --> 00:18:27,440
843
+ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุงูƒ ููŠ ู…ุณุงูุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุญุณูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง step
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:27,440 --> 00:18:31,480
847
+ down transformer ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ substation ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:36,520
851
+ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุชู†ุชูŠู† substation ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดุงุฑู‚ุฉ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:36,520 --> 00:18:40,770
855
+ ุงู„ุดุฌุงุนูŠุฉูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฌุงุนูŠุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:40,770 --> 00:18:45,290
859
+ ุจุชุฌูŠุจู†ุง .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:45,290 --> 00:18:49,510
863
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:49,510 --> 00:18:52,950
867
+ .. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:52,950 --> 00:18:55,130
871
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:55,130 --> 00:18:55,430
875
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:55,430 --> 00:18:55,450
879
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:55,450 --> 00:18:55,950
883
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:55,950 --> 00:18:56,050
887
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:56,050 --> 00:18:56,070
891
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:57,830
895
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:05,600
899
+ volts ุงูˆ ุงู„ู‰ ุงูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูˆุฏูŠู‡ุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:05,600 --> 00:19:09,100
903
+ ู„ู„ customers ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌุงูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ุงูˆ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:09,100 --> 00:19:12,200
907
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ุตุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ู„ customer ู…ุด
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:16,740
911
+ customer ุนุงุฏูŠ ุณุจูˆู† ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ุจู„ุฏููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ primary
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:16,740 --> 00:19:23,100
915
+ customers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:23,100 --> 00:19:27,620
919
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุญุทุฉ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:27,620 --> 00:19:33,620
923
+ ู„ู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ู…ุญุทุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตู„ู‡ุง 13000
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:33,620 --> 00:19:37,140
927
+ kilo volt ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:37,140 --> 00:19:42,690
931
+ 13000 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุจุตู„ ู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุช ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:42,690 --> 00:19:47,710
935
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† 220 ู„ 240 volt ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูุณ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:47,710 --> 00:19:51,410
939
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุญุทูˆุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:51,410 --> 00:19:58,210
943
+ voltage ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ part
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:58,210 --> 00:20:01,690
947
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DC
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:01,690 --> 00:20:06,250
951
+ generationphotovoltaic cells ูˆูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:06,250 --> 00:20:10,050
955
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุณูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุดุนุจูŠุฉ ูŠุฎู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:10,050 --> 00:20:14,570
959
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุนุฑูุชูƒู… ูƒู„ูƒู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตูŠุฑ or solar
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:14,570 --> 00:20:18,390
963
+ cells and effective way of generating your own
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:18,390 --> 00:20:22,450
967
+ electricity from sunlight ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:22,450 --> 00:20:25,590
971
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง transmission line ูˆู„ุง distribution
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:25,590 --> 00:20:29,540
975
+ lineุŸูุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุงู‚ุถ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ chapter
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:29,540 --> 00:20:34,320
979
+ ุณุงุจู‚ ุฑุงุญ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุจูˆู„ุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:34,320 --> 00:20:37,810
983
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุฌู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุง
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:37,810 --> 00:20:41,910
987
+ ููˆุฑุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญูุธุง ููŠ ู…ุญูุธุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุทุงุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:41,910 --> 00:20:47,030
991
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุจุฎุฒู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุทุงุฑูŠุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:47,030 --> 00:20:51,530
995
+ ุบุฒุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุฃูˆ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:51,530 --> 00:20:54,390
999
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญูุธุง ููŠ ู…ุญูุธุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุชุณู„ูŠุทู‡ุง
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:54,390 --> 00:20:58,890
1003
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:58,890 --> 00:21:00,950
1007
+ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:04,080 --> 00:21:09,460
1011
+ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูŠุจูŠุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑูŠ ูู‡ู…
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:09,460 --> 00:21:14,500
1015
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:18,980
1019
+ ูˆุจูŠุนู‡ุง ูู‡ู… produce electricity and sell it to the
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:18,980 --> 00:21:24,660
1023
+ local or the electric company but PV produce
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:24,660 --> 00:21:29,340
1027
+ direct current ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ุฏู‡
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:29,340 --> 00:21:34,720
1031
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุงthis is fine for charging battery but not
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:38,660
1035
+ suitable for powering house appliances which
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:38,660 --> 00:21:40,460
1039
+ require alternating current
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:51,560 --> 00:21:55,860
1043
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง convertors ูˆ ููŠ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:55,860 --> 00:21:59,300
1047
+ invertors ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ convertors ูˆ ุงู„
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:59,300 --> 00:22:04,600
1051
+ inverter ุงู„ inverter ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ DC ุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ AC
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:11,500
1055
+ ุงู„ converter ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ ACุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ DC ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:11,500 --> 00:22:16,880
1059
+ ุงู„ููƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ for this the DC supply from PV and
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:20,420
1063
+ battery needs to go through an inverter a device
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:20,420 --> 00:22:27,880
1067
+ which convert DC to AC ุฅุฐุง ุจุงู„ู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:27,880 --> 00:22:32,940
1071
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ ู„ูŠุด
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:32,940 --> 00:22:38,910
1075
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญู„ุฃ inverter ุงู„ inverter ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:38,910 --> 00:22:44,510
1079
+ ู„ DC ุงูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูˆ ุจูŠุดุบู„ ุงู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:44,510 --> 00:22:47,670
1083
+ appliance ุชุจุน ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฑูˆุญ ุงูˆุฏูŠู‡ ู„ู…ูŠู†
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:47,670 --> 00:22:51,810
1087
+ ู„ู„ุจุทุงุฑูŠุงุช ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ุงู„ charging ุงูˆ ุงุฑุฌุนูˆุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:51,810 --> 00:22:56,570
1091
+ ู„ู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:56,570 --> 00:23:01,890
1095
+ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุชูˆูุฑ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:01,890 --> 00:23:06,230
1099
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุจุทุงุฑูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ DC ุฃูˆ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:06,230 --> 00:23:11,250
1103
+ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู„ DC ุงู„ DC ุนุงุฏุฉ more
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:11,250 --> 00:23:16,150
1107
+ efficient ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ู…ุด ..
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:16,150 --> 00:23:21,450
1111
+ ู…ุด ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ ุฅูŠุด ู„ู„ู†ู‚ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุท ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:21,450 --> 00:23:25,270
1115
+ short ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุฃุนู„ู‰
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:27,910 --> 00:23:33,450
1119
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ exercise ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง complete the
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:33,450 --> 00:23:37,490
1123
+ text about inverter using the words ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:37,490 --> 00:23:43,590
1127
+ ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุง inverter converts ุงูŠุด direct current to
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:43,590 --> 00:23:49,330
1131
+ alternating current if an inverter is used to
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:49,330 --> 00:23:53,950
1135
+ supply electrical appliances in home it must copy
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:53,950 --> 00:23:59,570
1139
+ the supply of ุงูŠุดุงู„ู€ main ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู…ุฉ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:59,570 --> 00:24:03,410
1143
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ main main electricity
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:03,410 --> 00:24:09,030
1147
+ main water main waste water electricity produced
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:09,030 --> 00:24:12,290
1151
+ by the generator at the power station most
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:12,290 --> 00:24:15,510
1155
+ inverter can produce a current which alternate
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:15,510 --> 00:24:20,590
1159
+ precisely at the required ุฅูŠุดุนุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:20,590 --> 00:24:25,650
1163
+ alternating ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง frequency ุทูŠุจ for example
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:25,650 --> 00:24:29,430
1167
+ fifty ุงูŠุด ุงู„ unit ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ frequencyุŸ ู‡ุฑุชุฒ ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:29,430 --> 00:24:34,350
1171
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ุง ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:34,350 --> 00:24:37,810
1175
+ fifty cycles per second however not all types are
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:37,810 --> 00:24:40,750
1179
+ able to produce a current which follows the
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:40,750 --> 00:24:46,570
1183
+ pattern of ุงูŠุดุŸุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ ACุŸ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:46,570 --> 00:24:50,950
1187
+ sine wave ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ sine wave
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:50,950 --> 00:24:56,490
1191
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠ one phase ูˆู„ุง three phases ู„ู„ุจูŠูˆุชุŸุทูŠุจ that
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:56,490 --> 00:25:01,970
1195
+ of sine wave AC supply used in home so ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:01,970 --> 00:25:05,990
1199
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง single phase AC supply used in
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:05,990 --> 00:25:10,330
1203
+ home so called square wave inverters only produce
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:10,330 --> 00:25:13,950
1207
+ a very approximate copy of this wave which can
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:13,950 --> 00:25:16,630
1211
+ affect the functioning of many electrical
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:16,630 --> 00:25:19,910
1215
+ appliances ุงุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธุชูˆุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ inverters ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:19,910 --> 00:25:24,370
1219
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุฑุฎูŠุต
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:25,280 --> 00:25:29,780
1223
+ square wave ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณูˆูŠ damage ู„ู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุณุฉ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:29,780 --> 00:25:34,820
1227
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูˆุญ ุจุชู†ุญุฑุฌ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:34,820 --> 00:25:41,540
1231
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ wave ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุทูŠุจ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:41,540 --> 00:25:47,500
1235
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู†ุฎุชุงุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ after step up
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:47,500 --> 00:25:50,300
1239
+ transformer the currents enter the distribution
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:50,300 --> 00:25:54,780
1243
+ line ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ transmission lineู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:54,780 --> 00:25:57,380
1247
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Transmission Line
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:57,380 --> 00:26:01,460
1251
+ current is produced by electromagnetic induction
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:01,460 --> 00:26:05,560
1255
+ in magnet or magnetic fields of a generator
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:05,560 --> 00:26:09,580
1259
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:09,580 --> 00:26:11,520
1263
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:14,230 --> 00:26:19,550
1267
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชุฐู‡ุจ ู…ู† ุฃุฎุฑ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€ Transformer ุฅู„ู‰
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:19,550 --> 00:26:21,910
1271
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:21,910 --> 00:26:25,350
1275
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:25,350 --> 00:26:26,210
1279
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:26,210 --> 00:26:27,890
1283
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:27,890 --> 00:26:29,990
1287
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:29,990 --> 00:26:33,390
1291
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:33,390 --> 00:26:35,630
1295
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:35,630 --> 00:26:41,870
1299
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:44,190 --> 00:26:49,350
1303
+ step up ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ step up ุฃูˆ step down ุชู…ุดูŠ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:49,350 --> 00:26:54,850
1307
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ voltage ู…ุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู„ุฃ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:54,850 --> 00:26:58,590
1311
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ up ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ increaseุŸ ุงู„ voltage ู
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:26:58,590 --> 00:27:02,050
1315
+ ุงู„ step up ู„ู„ voltage ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ voltage
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:02,050 --> 00:27:05,210
1319
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ step down ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ step up ูˆ step down ุจุฑูˆุญ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:05,210 --> 00:27:09,790
1323
+ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุชุจุน ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑุฉ increase ุงู„ voltage ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:09,790 --> 00:27:12,830
1327
+ step up decrease ุงู„ voltage step down
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:15,660 --> 00:27:20,180
1331
+ the current is stepped up from higher voltage to
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:20,180 --> 00:27:30,240
1335
+ lower voltage ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:30,240 --> 00:27:36,500
1339
+ ุงูŠุด ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ voltage ุงูŠุด ุตุงูŠุฑู„ู‡ุŸ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:36,500 --> 00:27:40,200
1343
+ ุฑุงุญ ู…ู† lower ู…ู† higher ู„ lower ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:48,880
1347
+ ูŠุฑูˆุญุŸู…ู† ุงู„ lower ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ up ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:53,160
1351
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ increase ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ what ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ุง
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:53,160 --> 00:27:57,060
1355
+ decrease ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† higher ุฑุงุญ ู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:57,060 --> 00:28:06,550
1359
+ lower ู‡ุฐุง what ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ up ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠุทูŠุจ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:06,550 --> 00:28:11,270
1363
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:11,270 --> 00:28:16,190
1367
+ sequence ุงูŠุด ุงูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:16,190 --> 00:28:22,310
1371
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆู„ุฏ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูˆูŠู† ุชุชูˆู„ุฏุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ B
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:22,310 --> 00:28:27,410
1375
+ current is produced ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญุŸ ู„ู„ step up
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:27,410 --> 00:28:34,340
1379
+ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ step upุŸ Eุฃู…ุจุฑุงุฌ ุฑุฏูˆุณ ูˆ voltage ู‡ูŠ step up
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:34,340 --> 00:28:38,500
1383
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ูˆูŠู† ู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ูˆูŠู† ุจุนุฏ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:38,500 --> 00:28:43,840
1387
+ step up ุจุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ุงู†ุชุฑ ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† line ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:51,180
1391
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:51,180 --> 00:28:56,260
1395
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ุจุฏู†ุง
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:56,260 --> 00:29:02,540
1399
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ step down through stages ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ step downif
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:02,540 --> 00:29:07,480
1403
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐุง step down ู‡ู‰ the last step ุฏู‡ the
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:11,260
1407
+ corner goes from the last step down ู‡ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‰ if ุตุงุฑ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:11,260 --> 00:29:18,360
1411
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ four ุจุนุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญุŸ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ C ู‡ู‰
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:18,360 --> 00:29:23,780
1415
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฃ leave the power grid
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:23,780 --> 00:29:28,500
1419
+ and enter homes ู‡ู‰ ุณุชุฉ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:42,230 --> 00:29:51,790
1423
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงู† ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุทู„ุน ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠ ู„ุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:51,790 --> 00:29:57,550
1427
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงู† ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุจู„ุฏ ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:57,550 --> 00:30:01,190
1431
+ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ุง ุชุณู…ุน ุตูˆุช
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:01,190 --> 00:30:01,650
1435
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงู†
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:05,850 --> 00:30:10,850
1439
+ ุฃูŠ ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุญุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:10,850 --> 00:30:16,470
1443
+ ู„ู„ู…ุณุฌู„ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุตูˆุต ุงุญู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:16,470 --> 00:30:20,390
1447
+ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุฑุจ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฌูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุชุจุนุชู†ุง
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:20,390 --> 00:30:24,010
1451
+ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ ุงู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุดูุช ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:24,010 --> 00:30:29,550
1455
+ ุงู„ูู„ุงู†ุฉ ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ู‡ุง ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ู‡ุง ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:29,550 --> 00:30:33,230
1459
+ technical English ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:33,230 --> 00:30:38,090
1463
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุชุจุนูƒู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:38,090 --> 00:30:44,010
1467
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ .. ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูู‡ู… ุฒูŠู†ุง ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:44,010 --> 00:30:47,310
1471
+ .. ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:47,310 --> 00:30:52,450
1475
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠDecide whether the sentences
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:52,450 --> 00:30:55,530
1479
+ below are true or false and correct the long
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:55,530 --> 00:30:59,450
1483
+ sentences. Photovoltaic cells produce direct
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:59,450 --> 00:31:06,410
1487
+ current ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ุบู„ุทุŸ Electricity supply from PVs
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:06,410 --> 00:31:11,190
1491
+ can be used to charge rechargeable batteriesุฃุฏุช
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:11,190 --> 00:31:15,030
1495
+ ูˆุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:15,030 --> 00:31:16,350
1499
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:16,350 --> 00:31:18,170
1503
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:18,170 --> 00:31:19,210
1507
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:19,210 --> 00:31:24,430
1511
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:24,430 --> 00:31:24,750
1515
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:24,750 --> 00:31:28,710
1519
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:28,710 --> 00:31:35,330
1523
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠDC to AC ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุดูˆู
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:35,330 --> 00:31:39,650
1527
+ ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ generation ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู…ู„ู ุจู„ู ูˆ ูƒูŠู
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:39,650 --> 00:31:41,090
1531
+ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน
1532
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/OndFbda67kE_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1544 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,650 --> 00:00:24,170
3
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… today we gonna talk about electrical
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,170 --> 00:00:28,610
7
+ supplies electrical supply we gonna go the full
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:28,610 --> 00:00:33,930
11
+ cycle from the generation till it reach home ูŠุนู†ูŠ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:33,930 --> 00:00:38,510
15
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ู…ุน ุฎุทู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ู„ุญุฏ ุงุช
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:38,510 --> 00:00:40,870
19
+ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:44,820 --> 00:00:49,020
23
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ Direct
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:49,020 --> 00:00:52,680
27
+ Current ูˆ Alternating Current ุชุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุทูŠุงุฑ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:52,680 --> 00:00:56,680
31
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:56,680 --> 00:01:01,960
35
+ ูˆุทูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฏุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ AC generation and
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:01,960 --> 00:01:07,360
39
+ supply ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ู…ุญุทุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุทูŠุงุฑ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:07,360 --> 00:01:15,120
43
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฏุฏูƒูŠู ุชุฒูˆูŠุฏ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ DC generation and use
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:21,560 --> 00:01:25,340
47
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง this is direct current ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:25,340 --> 00:01:29,040
51
+ ูƒูŠู ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:33,920
55
+ alternating ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ here is the
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:37,540
59
+ peak ูˆ here is the valley the value keep changing
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:37,540 --> 00:01:42,260
63
+ and every cycle it get repeated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ูƒู„
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:42,260 --> 00:01:47,150
67
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุชุฑุฌุน ุชูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุงุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:47,150 --> 00:01:51,230
71
+ alternating ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ one
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:51,230 --> 00:01:56,090
75
+ phase ุงู„ phase ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ phase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:56,090 --> 00:02:01,890
79
+ one phase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง and three phase ุงู„ three
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:01,890 --> 00:02:08,350
83
+ phase ุฃูŠู† ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุงุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:08,350 --> 00:02:13,170
87
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ one phase ู‡ุฐุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:13,170 --> 00:02:14,110
91
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:25,500 --> 00:02:30,780
95
+ ุงู„ุจุทุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงูŠุด
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:30,780 --> 00:02:36,650
99
+ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ุงdirect ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑู‡ุง a constant
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:36,650 --> 00:02:39,810
103
+ flow of electricity which travels around a circle
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:39,810 --> 00:02:43,670
107
+ in one direction ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ู‡
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:43,670 --> 00:02:48,550
111
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชุนุฑููŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:48,550 --> 00:02:49,530
115
+ ุจุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู„ูˆูŠู†
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:56,820
119
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:56,820 --> 00:03:01,840
123
+ ู„ู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ electron flow goes from negative to
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:06,780
127
+ positive ุงู„ current flow ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง .. ุฎู„ุงุต
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:06,780 --> 00:03:12,050
131
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ from positive to negativethe
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:12,050 --> 00:03:15,230
135
+ electricity supplies to homes and other buildings
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:15,230 --> 00:03:19,150
139
+ are called main electricity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฎุท
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:19,150 --> 00:03:23,550
143
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุŒ ุฎุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:23,550 --> 00:03:27,130
147
+ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุŸ electrical supply
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:27,130 --> 00:03:32,600
151
+ ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ mainmain electricity ู…ู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:32,600 --> 00:03:39,240
155
+ water ู…ู† waste water ุงูˆ sewer ููƒู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆ drainage
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:43,060
159
+ ููƒู„ู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ main ูุงู„ main
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:43,060 --> 00:03:47,200
163
+ electricity is alternated current ุงูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ AC
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:54,030
167
+ ูˆ ุงู„ direct current ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ DCุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒ DC AC
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:54,030 --> 00:03:57,570
171
+ supply flows backward and forward ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:57,570 --> 00:04:01,770
175
+ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุฑูˆุญุŸ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† positive ู„ negative
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:01,770 --> 00:04:05,970
179
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ reverse ุฏู‡ ุงู„ polarity ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู‚ุทุน ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:05,970 --> 00:04:11,570
183
+ ู„ู‡ุง reverse ุงู„ rate at which current alternate is
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:11,570 --> 00:04:15,190
187
+ called ุงู„ frequency ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:15,190 --> 00:04:20,210
191
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ frequency ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:20,920 --> 00:04:26,580
195
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุฏุฏ fifty hertz ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:26,580 --> 00:04:31,700
199
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุฏุฏ sixty ูˆุจุนุถ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ sixty
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:31,700 --> 00:04:36,900
203
+ hertz fifty hertz ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆุงู„ุดุฑู‚
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:36,900 --> 00:04:42,130
207
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท sixty hertz ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ููŠ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:42,130 --> 00:04:45,290
211
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู‡ูˆ 50 ู‡ุฑุชุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:45,290 --> 00:04:49,790
215
+ ุชุชุบูŠุฑ 50 ู…ุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:49,790 --> 00:04:55,730
219
+ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉุŒ ุดูƒู„ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:55,730 --> 00:05:01,590
223
+ ุตูŠู†ูŠุณูŠูˆูŠุฏุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:01,590 --> 00:05:05,910
227
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:05,910 --> 00:05:10,110
231
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ phase ุชุจุนู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:10,110 --> 00:05:13,990
235
+ ุดูุชู‡ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ three phase ุฅูŠุด
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:13,990 --> 00:05:18,050
239
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ shift ููŠ ุงู„ phase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:18,050 --> 00:05:21,530
243
+ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุชูŠู†
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:21,530 --> 00:05:25,670
247
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุณุชูŠู† ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ shift
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:25,670 --> 00:05:31,120
251
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:35,240
255
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญุด low ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ high ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุจุชุฑุฌุน
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:40,280
259
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ constant supply ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ DC
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:42,170 --> 00:05:46,870
263
+ which has powerful electrical equipment in
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:46,870 --> 00:05:49,470
267
+ factories and large buildings which have powerful
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:49,470 --> 00:05:52,870
271
+ electrical equipment the supply is often three
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:52,870 --> 00:05:57,090
275
+ phase effectively three current with each with a
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:57,090 --> 00:06:00,990
279
+ different phase or timing ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:00,990 --> 00:06:05,750
283
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู†ุช ุจู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:05,750 --> 00:06:10,950
287
+ blown ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงุฏูŠุฉุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:10,950 --> 00:06:14,990
291
+ ุจุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ุงุฐุง ุจู„ุงุญุธู‡ุง ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:14,990 --> 00:06:24,690
295
+ constant ุงูˆ continuous degree ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ this
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:24,690 --> 00:06:28,270
299
+ provides a smoother supply as it reduces the gaps
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:28,270 --> 00:06:32,110
303
+ between the voltage peaks ุชู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ supply
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:32,110 --> 00:06:37,050
307
+ smoother ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…more power ู„ุฃู†
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:37,050 --> 00:06:41,230
311
+ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง power ุนุงู„ูŠ ูู‡ุฐุง supply necessary
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:41,230 --> 00:06:41,890
315
+ power
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:45,770 --> 00:06:50,530
319
+ ุงู„ู€ power plant generate electricity ุงู„ุขู† ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู€
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:50,530 --> 00:06:53,250
323
+ power plant ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏ ููŠูƒู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุชุชุฎุตุตูˆุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:53,250 --> 00:06:57,270
327
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุจู†ูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:57,270 --> 00:07:03,030
331
+ ููŠู‡ sub station ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‚ุตูุช ููŠ ุญุฑุจ 2008ุŸ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:03,030 --> 00:07:06,510
335
+ ู…ุด ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‚ุตูุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:06,510 --> 00:07:10,530
339
+ ุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ transformers ุงู„ transformers
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:10,530 --> 00:07:16,240
343
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… step up transformers ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸุจุฑูุน ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:16,240 --> 00:07:23,540
347
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฎุท .. ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:23,540 --> 00:07:28,980
351
+ ุงู„ losses ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุญุณู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุชู†ุฒู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:28,980 --> 00:07:34,620
355
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุจุชุญุณ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุŸุจุณุฎู† ุงู„ุณุฎูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:34,620 --> 00:07:39,520
359
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจูู‚ุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:43,640
363
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌุงู†ุง ูุฅูŠุด ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุจู†ุฑูุนูˆุง ู„ูˆ ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:43,640 --> 00:07:51,120
367
+ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ power ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ P ุงู„ P equal ุฅูŠุด V
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:51,120 --> 00:07:53,040
371
+ ููŠ I ู…ุธุจูˆุท
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:59,310
375
+ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุฑูุนุชู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุฒู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:59,310 --> 00:08:03,670
379
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู†ุฒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:03,670 --> 00:08:09,010
383
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุงุฏ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:09,010 --> 00:08:12,950
387
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:12,950 --> 00:08:15,510
391
+ ุงู„ transmission line ุจูŠุดูˆููˆู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ูุฒูŠูˆู†ุงุช
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:15,510 --> 00:08:22,500
395
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจุฑุฌูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู…ุณุงูˆูŠ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:22,500 --> 00:08:27,080
399
+ ุงู„ transmission line ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ transmission line
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:27,080 --> 00:08:30,600
403
+ carry electricity long distances ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:34,060
407
+ transformer ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ substation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ step up
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:34,060 --> 00:08:38,720
411
+ ุจุฑูุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:43,720
415
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ููˆู‚ ุงู„ 700ูƒู„ูˆ ููˆู„ุช ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:43,720 --> 00:08:48,420
419
+ ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ุงู‚ู„ ุงุดูŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูƒูŠู„ูˆ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:48,420 --> 00:08:52,800
423
+ ููˆู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู†ูŠุฌู‰ ุงู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:52,800 --> 00:08:56,660
427
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุฎุทูˆุท ุชูˆุฒูŠุน
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:56,660 --> 00:09:00,620
431
+ distribution line ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ distribution ุจุฑูˆุญู‡
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:00,620 --> 00:09:05,100
435
+ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ูˆููŠ distribution ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ ู„ู„ุจูŠูˆุชุงู„ู€
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:05,100 --> 00:09:07,740
439
+ distribution ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:07,740 --> 00:09:11,060
443
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ transformer ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ step down
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:11,060 --> 00:09:14,700
447
+ transformer ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฎูุถ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ู…ุง ู†ุฎูุถู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:14,700 --> 00:09:19,800
451
+ ุจู†ุฎูุถู‡ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ step
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:19,800 --> 00:09:23,580
455
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงุฎุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ุฏุงู† distribution carry
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:23,580 --> 00:09:29,060
459
+ electricity to houses ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:29,060 --> 00:09:32,680
463
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู„ู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ุขู† ุฌุงุจู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:32,680 --> 00:09:38,840
467
+ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ุง trance ุญุฏ ูŠุนุฑู ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู‚ุตู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:38,840 --> 00:09:44,880
471
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู„ู„ trance ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 500 ู…ุชุฑุงู„ุจูŠุช
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:44,880 --> 00:09:47,860
475
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุจุนุฏ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 500 ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ Trans
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:47,860 --> 00:09:53,060
479
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ voltage
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:53,060 --> 00:09:59,240
483
+ ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† 220 ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ within 5% ูŠุนู†ูŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:59,240 --> 00:10:05,360
487
+ ุจู†ู†ุฒู„ 11 volt ุงูˆ ู†ุทู„ุน 11 volt ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:10,440
491
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู†ุฒู„ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฏู‰ transformer ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒูŠู†
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:14,310
495
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู†ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ step down
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:14,310 --> 00:10:19,490
499
+ transformer ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ 230 volt
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:19,490 --> 00:10:24,310
503
+ ุงูˆ 220 volt ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุจูŠุตู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:24,310 --> 00:10:35,410
507
+ ู„ุจูŠูˆุช 240 ูˆ120 ุงูˆ 210 ู„120 ูˆุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ู† 220 ู„240 volt
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:35,410 --> 00:10:37,230
511
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ range ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:40,420 --> 00:10:44,700
515
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ AC generation and supply main electricity
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:44,700 --> 00:10:50,980
519
+ is generated as site called power stations ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:50,980 --> 00:10:55,340
523
+ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ power station ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:55,340 --> 00:10:59,160
527
+ which which uses large generator ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏ ุจูŠุดูˆู
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:59,160 --> 00:11:04,080
531
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุนู‡ ู†ุต ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:11,020
535
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆ ุฌู†ุจ unit ุชุงู†ูŠุฉa
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:11,020 --> 00:11:16,260
539
+ generator converts mechanical energy to electrical
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:16,260 --> 00:11:20,420
543
+ energy ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ุญุฑูƒุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:20,420 --> 00:11:25,140
547
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ mechanical ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„ electrical energy a
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:25,140 --> 00:11:28,680
551
+ generator rotates a magnet within an iron
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:28,680 --> 00:11:32,940
555
+ surrounding ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ุงุทูŠุณ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:32,940 --> 00:11:38,490
559
+ ู„ู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจู„ู ุจุซุจุช ู…ุบู†ุงุทูŠุณ ูˆ ุจู„ูุงู„ู€ iron ุจู„ู
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:38,490 --> 00:11:45,150
563
+ coil ุฌูˆุง ู…ู„ู ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ุจุชุจุท ุงู„ู…ู„ู ูˆ ุจู„ู ุงู„ู…ุบู†ุงุท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุณ ู‡ุฐู‡
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:45,150 --> 00:11:49,850
567
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ coils of wire ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ magnet
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:49,850 --> 00:11:53,450
571
+ with an iron surrounded the iron called an
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:53,450 --> 00:11:58,070
575
+ armature has coils of wire around it called field
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:58,070 --> 00:12:04,430
579
+ coils or a field welding ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ูุงุช ุณู„ูƒas
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:04,430 --> 00:12:06,870
583
+ the magnet rotates it causes current to flow
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:06,870 --> 00:12:10,490
587
+ through the field caused due to electromagnetic
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:10,490 --> 00:12:21,710
591
+ waves ุงู„ุญูŠู† ูุงุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:21,710 --> 00:12:27,830
595
+ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุชู… ูˆุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุฑุญุชู‡ู… ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:27,830 --> 00:12:33,160
599
+ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„Current from the generator leaves the
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:33,160 --> 00:12:36,240
603
+ power station and enters the power grid
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:49,470 --> 00:12:58,750
607
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูˆุงุตู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:58,750 --> 00:13:08,850
611
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชุฏุฎู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:08,850 --> 00:13:13,530
615
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:15,320 --> 00:13:19,340
619
+ specifically step up transformer which increases
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:19,340 --> 00:13:25,040
623
+ voltage and decreases amperes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ูˆ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:25,040 --> 00:13:29,100
627
+ ุจุชู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ูุงู‡ู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ technical
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:29,100 --> 00:13:34,420
631
+ term ุตูˆุช
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:34,420 --> 00:13:39,200
635
+ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช this reduces the energy lost from the
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:46,040
639
+ power lines over ุทูŠุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฎู„ุต ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:46,040 --> 00:13:49,960
643
+ ู‡ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ fine
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:51,240 --> 00:13:54,920
647
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุทุงู‚ุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:59,460
651
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ู…ู†
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:59,460 --> 00:14:03,620
655
+ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชู†ุฒู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:03,620 --> 00:14:05,540
659
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:05,540 --> 00:14:09,040
663
+ ุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:09,040 --> 00:14:12,760
667
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:12,760 --> 00:14:15,000
671
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชู†ุฒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉbefore the
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:18,340
675
+ supply is used by the homes and other buildings it
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:18,340 --> 00:14:22,560
679
+ passes through several step down ุงูŠุด ุจุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:22,560 --> 00:14:33,280
683
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ power station ู‡ู†ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:33,280 --> 00:14:39,980
687
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุจุฑุงุฌ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ู‡ุงูŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:39,980 --> 00:14:40,700
691
+ ุงู„ transmission
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:45,010 --> 00:14:52,270
695
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู€ Transmission ุงู„ู„ูŠ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:52,270 --> 00:14:58,170
699
+ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ step up transformer
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:58,170 --> 00:15:02,550
703
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:08,570
707
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ transformers
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:08,570 --> 00:15:12,130
711
+ ู‡ู†ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:12,130 --> 00:15:19,030
715
+ stepdown ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุชุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุดุจูƒุงุช ุงู„ distribution
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:19,030 --> 00:15:24,370
719
+ lines
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:24,370 --> 00:15:34,430
723
+ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† step down transformer ู‡ู†ุง ุชุฌูŠ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:34,430 --> 00:15:35,590
727
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ distribution
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:43,480 --> 00:15:56,120
731
+ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ home ูุจุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:56,120 --> 00:16:05,240
735
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:09,600
739
+ ุชุจุนุซ ุงู„ุณูุฑุณ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ transformer which reduces the
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:14,890
743
+ voltage and increases the amperageุงู„ุฏูุน ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:14,890 --> 00:16:26,510
747
+ ูŠุชุณู„ู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 4001000 V 400 KV ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:26,510 --> 00:16:31,730
751
+ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ูุชุฑุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:31,730 --> 00:16:35,410
755
+ ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:35,410 --> 00:16:36,270
759
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:36,270 --> 00:16:36,830
763
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:36,830 --> 00:16:38,950
767
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:38,950 --> 00:16:39,630
771
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:39,630 --> 00:16:44,330
775
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจู‚
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:44,330 --> 00:16:51,480
779
+ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุจูˆ ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุฎุทุฉ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:56,100
783
+ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุญูˆุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:56,100 --> 00:17:08,240
787
+ 230 ููˆู„ุชุฑ ุชุดุชุบู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:08,240 --> 00:17:16,140
791
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:16,140 --> 00:17:17,480
795
+ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดุชุบู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:17,480 --> 00:17:22,030
799
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุนู„ู‰ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ solar ูŠุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:22,030 --> 00:17:29,230
803
+ ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ูุญู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญุŒ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:29,230 --> 00:17:35,390
807
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดู…ุณุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ hydraulicุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:35,390 --> 00:17:40,840
811
+ ุงู„ุณุฏุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฏูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ู„ุง ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:40,840 --> 00:17:44,960
815
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ voltage ู‡ู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุฃู„ูˆุงู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:50,060
819
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ station ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ step up
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:50,060 --> 00:17:54,380
823
+ transformerู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ distribution lines ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:54,380 --> 00:18:05,760
827
+ voltage ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ู†ุง 765.500.345.230.138.1000 KV ุงู„ู„ูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:11,620
831
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู volt ูุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด 765.000
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:11,620 --> 00:18:16,480
835
+ volts ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุนูŠุฏ ู„ุฅู† ู„ูˆ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:16,480 --> 00:18:22,260
839
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุจูƒู‡ุฑุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู†ู‡ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุจูŠู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:22,260 --> 00:18:27,440
843
+ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุงูƒ ููŠ ู…ุณุงูุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุญุณูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง step
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:27,440 --> 00:18:31,480
847
+ down transformer ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ substation ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:36,520
851
+ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุชู†ุชูŠู† substation ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดุงุฑู‚ุฉ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:36,520 --> 00:18:40,770
855
+ ุงู„ุดุฌุงุนูŠุฉูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุดุงุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฌุงุนูŠุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:40,770 --> 00:18:45,290
859
+ ุจุชุฌูŠุจู†ุง .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:45,290 --> 00:18:49,510
863
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:49,510 --> 00:18:52,950
867
+ .. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:52,950 --> 00:18:55,130
871
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:55,130 --> 00:18:55,430
875
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:55,430 --> 00:18:55,450
879
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:55,450 --> 00:18:55,950
883
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:55,950 --> 00:18:56,050
887
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:56,050 --> 00:18:56,070
891
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:56,070
895
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:56,070
899
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:57,830
903
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:05,600
907
+ volts ุงูˆ ุงู„ู‰ ุงูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูˆุฏูŠู‡ุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:05,600 --> 00:19:09,100
911
+ ู„ู„ customers ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌุงูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ุงูˆ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:09,100 --> 00:19:12,200
915
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ุตุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ู„ customer ู…ุด
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:16,740
919
+ customer ุนุงุฏูŠ ุณุจูˆู† ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ุจู„ุฏููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ primary
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:16,740 --> 00:19:23,100
923
+ customers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:23,100 --> 00:19:27,620
927
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุญุทุฉ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:27,620 --> 00:19:33,620
931
+ ู„ู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ู…ุญุทุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตู„ู‡ุง 13000
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:33,620 --> 00:19:37,140
935
+ kilo volt ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:37,140 --> 00:19:42,690
939
+ 13000 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุจุตู„ ู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุช ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:42,690 --> 00:19:47,710
943
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† 220 ู„ 240 volt ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูุณ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:47,710 --> 00:19:51,410
947
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุญุทูˆุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:51,410 --> 00:19:58,210
951
+ voltage ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ part
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:58,210 --> 00:20:01,690
955
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DC
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:01,690 --> 00:20:06,250
959
+ generationphotovoltaic cells ูˆูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:06,250 --> 00:20:10,050
963
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุณูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุดุนุจูŠุฉ ูŠุฎู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:10,050 --> 00:20:14,570
967
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุนุฑูุชูƒู… ูƒู„ูƒู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตูŠุฑ or solar
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:14,570 --> 00:20:18,390
971
+ cells and effective way of generating your own
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:18,390 --> 00:20:22,450
975
+ electricity from sunlight ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:22,450 --> 00:20:25,590
979
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง transmission line ูˆู„ุง distribution
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:25,590 --> 00:20:29,540
983
+ lineุŸูุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุงู‚ุถ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ chapter
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:29,540 --> 00:20:34,320
987
+ ุณุงุจู‚ ุฑุงุญ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุจูˆู„ุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:34,320 --> 00:20:37,810
991
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุฌู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:37,810 --> 00:20:41,910
995
+ ููˆุฑุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญูุธุง ููŠ ู…ุญูุธุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุทุงุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:41,910 --> 00:20:47,030
999
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุจุฎุฒู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุทุงุฑูŠุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:47,030 --> 00:20:51,530
1003
+ ุบุฒุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุฃูˆ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:51,530 --> 00:20:54,390
1007
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญูุธุง ููŠ ู…ุญูุธุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุชุณู„ูŠุทู‡ุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:54,390 --> 00:20:58,890
1011
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:58,890 --> 00:21:00,950
1015
+ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:04,080 --> 00:21:09,460
1019
+ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูŠุจูŠุนู‡ุง ู„ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑูŠ ูู‡ู…
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:09,460 --> 00:21:14,500
1023
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:18,980
1027
+ ูˆุจูŠุนู‡ุง ูู‡ู… produce electricity and sell it to the
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:18,980 --> 00:21:24,660
1031
+ local or the electric company but PV produce
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:24,660 --> 00:21:29,340
1035
+ direct current ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ุฏู‡
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:29,340 --> 00:21:34,720
1039
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุงthis is fine for charging battery but not
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:38,660
1043
+ suitable for powering house appliances which
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:38,660 --> 00:21:40,460
1047
+ require alternating current
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:51,560 --> 00:21:55,860
1051
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง convertors ูˆ ููŠ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:55,860 --> 00:21:59,300
1055
+ invertors ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ convertors ูˆ ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:59,300 --> 00:22:04,600
1059
+ inverter ุงู„ inverter ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ DC ุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ AC
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:11,500
1063
+ ุงู„ converter ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ ACุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ DC ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:11,500 --> 00:22:16,880
1067
+ ุงู„ููƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ for this the DC supply from PV and
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:20,420
1071
+ battery needs to go through an inverter a device
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:20,420 --> 00:22:27,880
1075
+ which convert DC to AC ุฅุฐุง ุจุงู„ู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:27,880 --> 00:22:32,940
1079
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ ู„ูŠุด
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:32,940 --> 00:22:38,910
1083
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญู„ุฃ inverter ุงู„ inverter ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:38,910 --> 00:22:44,510
1087
+ ู„ DC ุงูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูˆ ุจูŠุดุบู„ ุงู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:44,510 --> 00:22:47,670
1091
+ appliance ุชุจุน ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฑูˆุญ ุงูˆุฏูŠู‡ ู„ู…ูŠู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:47,670 --> 00:22:51,810
1095
+ ู„ู„ุจุทุงุฑูŠุงุช ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ุงู„ charging ุงูˆ ุงุฑุฌุนูˆุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:51,810 --> 00:22:56,570
1099
+ ู„ู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:56,570 --> 00:23:01,890
1103
+ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุชูˆูุฑ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:01,890 --> 00:23:06,230
1107
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุจุทุงุฑูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ DC ุฃูˆ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:06,230 --> 00:23:11,250
1111
+ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู„ DC ุงู„ DC ุนุงุฏุฉ more
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:11,250 --> 00:23:16,150
1115
+ efficient ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ู…ุด ..
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:16,150 --> 00:23:21,450
1119
+ ู…ุด ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ ุฅูŠุด ู„ู„ู†ู‚ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุท ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:21,450 --> 00:23:25,270
1123
+ short ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุฃุนู„ู‰
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:27,910 --> 00:23:33,450
1127
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ exercise ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง complete the
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:33,450 --> 00:23:37,490
1131
+ text about inverter using the words ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:37,490 --> 00:23:43,590
1135
+ ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุง inverter converts ุงูŠุด direct current to
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:43,590 --> 00:23:49,330
1139
+ alternating current if an inverter is used to
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:49,330 --> 00:23:53,950
1143
+ supply electrical appliances in home it must copy
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:53,950 --> 00:23:59,570
1147
+ the supply of ุงูŠุดุงู„ู€ main ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:59,570 --> 00:24:03,410
1151
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ main main electricity
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:03,410 --> 00:24:09,030
1155
+ main water main waste water electricity produced
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:09,030 --> 00:24:12,290
1159
+ by the generator at the power station most
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:12,290 --> 00:24:15,510
1163
+ inverter can produce a current which alternate
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:15,510 --> 00:24:20,590
1167
+ precisely at the required ุฅูŠุดุนุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:20,590 --> 00:24:25,650
1171
+ alternating ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง frequency ุทูŠุจ for example
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:25,650 --> 00:24:29,430
1175
+ fifty ุงูŠุด ุงู„ unit ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ frequencyุŸ ู‡ุฑุชุฒ ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:29,430 --> 00:24:34,350
1179
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ุง ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:34,350 --> 00:24:37,810
1183
+ fifty cycles per second however not all types are
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:37,810 --> 00:24:40,750
1187
+ able to produce a current which follows the
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:40,750 --> 00:24:46,570
1191
+ pattern of ุงูŠุดุŸุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ ACุŸ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:46,570 --> 00:24:50,950
1195
+ sine wave ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ sine wave
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:50,950 --> 00:24:56,490
1199
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠ one phase ูˆู„ุง three phases ู„ู„ุจูŠูˆุชุŸุทูŠุจ that
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:56,490 --> 00:25:01,970
1203
+ of sine wave AC supply used in home so ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:01,970 --> 00:25:05,990
1207
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง single phase AC supply used in
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:05,990 --> 00:25:10,330
1211
+ home so called square wave inverters only produce
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:10,330 --> 00:25:13,950
1215
+ a very approximate copy of this wave which can
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:13,950 --> 00:25:16,630
1219
+ affect the functioning of many electrical
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:16,630 --> 00:25:19,910
1223
+ appliances ุงุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธุชูˆุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ inverters ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:19,910 --> 00:25:24,370
1227
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุฑุฎูŠุต
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:25,280 --> 00:25:29,780
1231
+ square wave ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณูˆูŠ damage ู„ู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุญุณุงุณุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:29,780 --> 00:25:34,820
1235
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูˆุญ ุจุชู†ุญุฑุฌ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:34,820 --> 00:25:41,540
1239
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ wave ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุทูŠุจ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:41,540 --> 00:25:47,500
1243
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู†ุฎุชุงุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ after step up
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:47,500 --> 00:25:50,300
1247
+ transformer the currents enter the distribution
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:50,300 --> 00:25:54,780
1251
+ line ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ transmission lineู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:54,780 --> 00:25:57,380
1255
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Transmission Line
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:25:57,380 --> 00:26:01,460
1259
+ current is produced by electromagnetic induction
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:01,460 --> 00:26:05,560
1263
+ in magnet or magnetic fields of a generator
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:05,560 --> 00:26:09,580
1267
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:09,580 --> 00:26:11,520
1271
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:14,230 --> 00:26:19,550
1275
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชุฐู‡ุจ ู…ู† ุฃุฎุฑ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€ Transformer ุฅู„ู‰
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:19,550 --> 00:26:21,910
1279
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:21,910 --> 00:26:25,350
1283
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:25,350 --> 00:26:25,350
1287
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:25,350 --> 00:26:26,210
1291
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:26,210 --> 00:26:27,890
1295
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:27,890 --> 00:26:29,990
1299
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:29,990 --> 00:26:33,390
1303
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:33,390 --> 00:26:35,630
1307
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:35,630 --> 00:26:41,870
1311
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:26:44,190 --> 00:26:49,350
1315
+ step up ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ step up ุฃูˆ step down ุชู…ุดูŠ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:26:49,350 --> 00:26:54,850
1319
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ voltage ู…ุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู„ุฃ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:26:54,850 --> 00:26:58,590
1323
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ up ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ increaseุŸ ุงู„ voltage ู
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:26:58,590 --> 00:27:02,050
1327
+ ุงู„ step up ู„ู„ voltage ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ voltage
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:02,050 --> 00:27:05,210
1331
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ step down ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ step up ูˆ step down ุจุฑูˆุญ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:05,210 --> 00:27:09,790
1335
+ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุชุจุน ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑุฉ increase ุงู„ voltage ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:09,790 --> 00:27:12,830
1339
+ step up decrease ุงู„ voltage step down
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:15,660 --> 00:27:20,180
1343
+ the current is stepped up from higher voltage to
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:20,180 --> 00:27:30,240
1347
+ lower voltage ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:30,240 --> 00:27:36,500
1351
+ ุงูŠุด ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ voltage ุงูŠุด ุตุงูŠุฑู„ู‡ุŸ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:36,500 --> 00:27:40,200
1355
+ ุฑุงุญ ู…ู† lower ู…ู† higher ู„ lower ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:48,880
1359
+ ูŠุฑูˆุญุŸู…ู† ุงู„ lower ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ up ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:53,160
1363
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ increase ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ what ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:27:53,160 --> 00:27:57,060
1367
+ decrease ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† higher ุฑุงุญ ู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:27:57,060 --> 00:28:06,550
1371
+ lower ู‡ุฐุง what ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ up ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠุทูŠุจ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:06,550 --> 00:28:11,270
1375
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:11,270 --> 00:28:16,190
1379
+ sequence ุงูŠุด ุงูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:16,190 --> 00:28:22,310
1383
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆู„ุฏ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูˆูŠู† ุชุชูˆู„ุฏุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ B
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:22,310 --> 00:28:27,410
1387
+ current is produced ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญุŸ ู„ู„ step up
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:27,410 --> 00:28:34,340
1391
+ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ step upุŸ Eุฃู…ุจุฑุงุฌ ุฑุฏูˆุณ ูˆ voltage ู‡ูŠ step up
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:34,340 --> 00:28:38,500
1395
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ูˆูŠู† ู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ูˆูŠู† ุจุนุฏ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:38,500 --> 00:28:43,840
1399
+ step up ุจุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ุงู†ุชุฑ ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† line ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:51,180
1403
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:51,180 --> 00:28:56,260
1407
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ุจุฏู†ุง
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:56,260 --> 00:29:02,540
1411
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ step down through stages ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ step downif
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:02,540 --> 00:29:07,480
1415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐุง step down ู‡ู‰ the last step ุฏู‡ the
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:11,260
1419
+ corner goes from the last step down ู‡ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‰ if ุตุงุฑ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:11,260 --> 00:29:18,360
1423
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ four ุจุนุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญุŸ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ C ู‡ู‰
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:18,360 --> 00:29:23,780
1427
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฃ leave the power grid
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:23,780 --> 00:29:28,500
1431
+ and enter homes ู‡ู‰ ุณุชุฉ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:42,230 --> 00:29:51,790
1435
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงู† ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุทู„ุน ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠ ู„ุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:51,790 --> 00:29:57,550
1439
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงู† ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุจู„ุฏ ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:57,550 --> 00:30:01,190
1443
+ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ุง ุชุณู…ุน ุตูˆุช
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:01,190 --> 00:30:01,650
1447
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงู†
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:05,850 --> 00:30:10,850
1451
+ ุฃูŠ ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุญุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:10,850 --> 00:30:16,470
1455
+ ู„ู„ู…ุณุฌู„ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุตูˆุต ุงุญู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:16,470 --> 00:30:20,390
1459
+ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุฑุจ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฌูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุชุจุนุชู†ุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:20,390 --> 00:30:24,010
1463
+ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ ุงู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุดูุช ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:24,010 --> 00:30:29,550
1467
+ ุงู„ูู„ุงู†ุฉ ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ู‡ุง ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ู‡ุง ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:29,550 --> 00:30:33,230
1471
+ technical English ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:33,230 --> 00:30:38,090
1475
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุชุจุนูƒู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช ุฃุฌู†ุจูŠุฉ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:38,090 --> 00:30:44,010
1479
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ .. ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูู‡ู… ุฒูŠู†ุง ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:44,010 --> 00:30:47,310
1483
+ .. ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:47,310 --> 00:30:52,450
1487
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠDecide whether the sentences
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:52,450 --> 00:30:55,530
1491
+ below are true or false and correct the long
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:55,530 --> 00:30:59,450
1495
+ sentences. Photovoltaic cells produce direct
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:59,450 --> 00:31:06,410
1499
+ current ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ุบู„ุทุŸ Electricity supply from PVs
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:06,410 --> 00:31:11,190
1503
+ can be used to charge rechargeable batteriesุฃุฏุช
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:11,190 --> 00:31:15,030
1507
+ ูˆุฎุจุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:15,030 --> 00:31:16,350
1511
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:16,350 --> 00:31:18,170
1515
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:18,170 --> 00:31:19,210
1519
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:19,210 --> 00:31:24,430
1523
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:24,430 --> 00:31:24,750
1527
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:24,750 --> 00:31:28,710
1531
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:28,710 --> 00:31:35,330
1535
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠDC to AC ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุดูˆู
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:35,330 --> 00:31:39,650
1539
+ ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ generation ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู…ู„ู ุจู„ู ูˆ ูƒูŠู
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:39,650 --> 00:31:41,090
1543
+ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน
1544
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/VwUFeAbFcZs_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1528 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,040 --> 00:00:26,200
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ู…ุฑุญุจุง ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,200 --> 00:00:30,800
7
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ู‚ุตุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‚ุตุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุนู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:35,920
11
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ุณู†ุจุฏุฃ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:35,920 --> 00:00:39,240
15
+ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:39,240 --> 00:00:40,100
19
+ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:40,100 --> 00:00:41,980
23
+ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:56,320
27
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:56,320 --> 00:01:01,880
31
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุณู†ุบุทูŠู‡ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:08,720
35
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุชุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุตูˆุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:08,720 --> 00:01:13,230
39
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:13,230 --> 00:01:16,950
43
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:16,950 --> 00:01:23,810
47
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:23,810 --> 00:01:25,550
51
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:25,550 --> 00:01:25,650
55
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:25,650 --> 00:01:25,890
59
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:25,890 --> 00:01:29,250
63
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:29,250 --> 00:01:37,930
67
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:37,930 --> 00:01:45,600
71
+ ูƒุชุงุจูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุงูŠุฏุฏ ุฏูŠุฒุงูŠู† ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:45,600 --> 00:01:53,400
75
+ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:59,900
79
+ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:59,900 --> 00:02:04,140
83
+ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู…
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:05,380 --> 00:02:10,780
87
+ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Scale ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:10,780 --> 00:02:17,040
91
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตุฑู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ุตุฑู‡ุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:17,040 --> 00:02:19,060
95
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:19,060 --> 00:02:19,120
99
+ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:23,500
103
+ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:23,500 --> 00:02:27,860
107
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:27,860 --> 00:02:29,280
111
+ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:30,180
115
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:34,020 --> 00:02:41,860
119
+ ุณู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ุง ูˆู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:41,860 --> 00:02:47,180
123
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ูŠุชู… ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฑุณู… ุชุณู„ู‚ุŒ ุฑุณู…
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:47,180 --> 00:02:52,740
127
+ ุชุณู„ู‚ ุฃูˆ ุฑุณู… ุชุณู„ู‚ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชู… ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุณู„ู‚ ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:52,740 --> 00:02:56,580
131
+ ูƒู†ุช ุชู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุทุงุฑุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุทุงุฑ ูŠุชู…
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:56,580 --> 00:03:04,240
135
+ ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃูˆ ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ุงู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:08,380
139
+ ุชู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:08,380 --> 00:03:11,000
143
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:16,560
147
+ ู„ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ุชู†ุณูŠู‚
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:16,560 --> 00:03:22,920
151
+ 1 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 1 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 ููŠ 1 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุจุทูˆู„ุฉ 100
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:27,120
155
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู†ุณูŠู‚ 10 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:32,090
159
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุชู†ุณู‚ู‡ ู„ุฃุณูู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:32,090 --> 00:03:36,370
163
+ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฒูŠู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ 1-10 ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุชุตู…ูŠู…
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:36,370 --> 00:03:43,190
167
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ูŠุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:43,190 --> 00:03:46,870
171
+ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:46,870 --> 00:03:47,670
175
+ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:47,670 --> 00:03:54,120
179
+ ุจุตูˆุฑุฃุณูŠุช ูŠุชุฌุงุฑุจ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:54,120 --> 00:03:56,780
183
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:56,780 --> 00:03:57,100
187
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:57,100 --> 00:03:57,140
191
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:57,140 --> 00:03:57,400
195
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:04,240
199
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:06,960
203
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:16,770 --> 00:04:19,870
207
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:19,870 --> 00:04:26,030
211
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุตูุฑู‡
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:26,030 --> 00:04:32,670
215
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุถุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ 8
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:32,670 --> 00:04:39,550
219
+ ุจุงู„10 ุจูŠุตูุฑ A4 ุฃูˆ A3 ุตูุฑุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:39,550 --> 00:04:44,080
223
+ ุฃู† ุชู†ุฒู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„it shows the whole device
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:47,460
227
+ everything the whole thing this is we call it ุฃูŠุด
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:47,460 --> 00:04:55,620
231
+ general arrangement or GA detail drawings it shows
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:55,620 --> 00:05:02,830
235
+ the word say details what does it meanุฃูŠูˆุฉ shows
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:02,830 --> 00:05:07,810
239
+ parts in details using a large scale such as one
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:07,810 --> 00:05:11,270
243
+ to five or one to two small parts are sometimes
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:11,270 --> 00:05:15,350
247
+ shown in a detail as actual size or it can be
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:15,350 --> 00:05:20,510
251
+ enlarged to bigger than the actual size okay
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:20,510 --> 00:05:26,030
255
+ smaller one we have to blow it up bigger we have
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:26,030 --> 00:05:26,830
259
+ to shrink it
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:29,550 --> 00:05:32,810
263
+ for electrical circuits now we have details
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:32,810 --> 00:05:36,750
267
+ drawing, general arrangement drawing for
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:36,750 --> 00:05:41,050
271
+ electrical circuits and pipes and duct network
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:41,050 --> 00:05:45,550
275
+ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ ductุŸ ุงู„ duct ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆู
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:45,550 --> 00:05:51,070
279
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุทูŠู…ุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุทูŠู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ููˆู‚
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:51,070 --> 00:05:55,430
283
+ ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒูŠูŠู
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:55,430 --> 00:06:02,290
287
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ductุจุงูŠุจุฒ okay it is helpful to show
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:02,290 --> 00:06:05,870
291
+ the design in a simplified form in this case
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:05,870 --> 00:06:09,790
295
+ schematic drawing or we call it in short schematic
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:09,790 --> 00:06:18,210
299
+ schematic ู…ุฎุทุท okay are used and everyday example
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:18,210 --> 00:06:23,330
303
+ is the map of a train network or a PCB ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:23,330 --> 00:06:27,690
307
+ printed circuit board ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… schematic
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:30,130 --> 00:06:33,210
311
+ Now we talked about the type of net, now we gonna
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:33,210 --> 00:06:37,110
315
+ talk about the view used in the drawing ุฎุฏุชูˆุง ูƒุงู…
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:37,110 --> 00:06:41,810
319
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠูƒู… ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุฑุณู… ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŸ ุฎุฏุชูˆุง ูˆ ุฎู„ุตุชูˆุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:41,810 --> 00:06:45,130
323
+ ุงู‡ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู…ุด ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:46,690 --> 00:06:50,850
327
+ technicians are discussing different views shown
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:50,850 --> 00:06:53,230
331
+ on the drawing looking at the component from the
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:53,230 --> 00:06:57,190
335
+ above you can look from above or the sides or etc
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:57,190 --> 00:07:02,870
339
+ as they search for information they require in a
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:02,870 --> 00:07:05,750
343
+ non-technical everyday English engineering
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:05,750 --> 00:07:12,890
347
+ drawings are often called plans ู…ุฎุทุท ุฃูˆ ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ุฃุณุทุญ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:13,650 --> 00:07:17,470
351
+ section is the short form for cross-sectional ู„ู…ุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:17,470 --> 00:07:21,530
355
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุน ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุต ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง cross-sectional ุฃูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:21,530 --> 00:07:25,850
359
+ ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ and it's commonly used in technical
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:25,850 --> 00:07:30,190
363
+ contexts two-dimensional and three-dimensional are
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:30,190 --> 00:07:36,750
367
+ often shortened to 3D and TD drawings ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:36,750 --> 00:07:41,410
371
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ drawings ู†ูุณู‡ู… get shorted as the following
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:53,290
375
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ short hand for drawing we
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:53,290 --> 00:07:56,010
379
+ need a view from above showing the general
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:56,010 --> 00:08:02,090
383
+ arrangement of all the roof panels a plan of the
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:02,090 --> 00:08:06,230
387
+ whole area ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ general arrangementุŸ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:06,230 --> 00:08:10,290
391
+ general arrangement shows the whole thingAccording
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:10,290 --> 00:08:14,090
395
+ to this list, there are elevations of all four
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:14,090 --> 00:08:18,690
399
+ sides of the machine or drawing 28, so one of
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:18,690 --> 00:08:23,610
403
+ these should show the front of the machine ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:23,610 --> 00:08:29,370
407
+ elevation ู‡ุงุช ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุนูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ There
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:29,370 --> 00:08:32,610
411
+ should be a section through the pipe showing the
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:32,610 --> 00:08:36,750
415
+ valve inside on drawing 56 section ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ cross
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:36,750 --> 00:08:42,670
419
+ sectionWe need an exploded view of the mechanism
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:42,670 --> 00:08:47,310
423
+ showing the components space out ุงู„ู€ exploded view
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:47,310 --> 00:08:52,350
427
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญู†ุง ู†ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฃูˆ ู†ููƒููƒู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ูุฑุฌูŠ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:52,350 --> 00:08:56,710
431
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ hole ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจููƒููƒ ุงู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:56,710 --> 00:09:01,070
435
+ hole ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุงุชุŒ small piecesุŒ componentsุŒ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:01,070 --> 00:09:03,990
439
+ the way components are connected together we call
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:03,990 --> 00:09:05,870
443
+ it exploded view
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:08,810 --> 00:09:12,230
447
+ it's hard to visualize this assembly based on two
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:12,230 --> 00:09:17,790
451
+ -dimensional elevations and sections it would be
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:17,790 --> 00:09:23,230
455
+ clearer if we had a three-dimensional view as
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:23,230 --> 00:09:26,830
459
+ either an oblique projection or isometric
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:26,830 --> 00:09:30,930
463
+ projection ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ oblique ูˆุฅูŠุด ุงู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:30,930 --> 00:09:37,440
467
+ isometric ู‡ุฏู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸุทูŠุจ ู†ุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:44,340
471
+ obliqueุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ front ุจุงูŠู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:44,340 --> 00:09:50,640
475
+ ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ุฌุงูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุทุงู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ isometric ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:50,640 --> 00:09:55,280
479
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ corner ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง cornerุŒ ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:55,280 --> 00:10:00,680
483
+ ุฌุงูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนุฏู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:02,910 --> 00:10:06,690
487
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ exploded view ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุจู† ููƒ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:06,690 --> 00:10:15,030
491
+ ููƒู‡ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูุฑุฌูŠู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌู…ุนู‡ู… ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:15,030 --> 00:10:18,330
495
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅู…ุชุนุงู†ุงุชุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ู„ูƒ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:18,330 --> 00:10:24,450
499
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ Complete the sentences, enlarged drawings
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:24,450 --> 00:10:26,530
503
+ show components larger than their
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:29,300 --> 00:10:33,780
507
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฏู‡ ุจูƒุจุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุจูŠู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:33,780 --> 00:10:39,940
511
+ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ actual size okay and large drone show
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:39,940 --> 00:10:44,760
515
+ components larger than their real or actual size
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:44,760 --> 00:10:49,320
519
+ for engineering drone one to five is commonly used
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:49,320 --> 00:10:54,880
523
+ scale ุงู„ scale ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:54,880 --> 00:11:00,400
527
+ Russellwhole machine or structures are shown on
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:00,400 --> 00:11:05,840
531
+ drawing ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ wholeุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุŸ general
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:05,840 --> 00:11:11,700
535
+ arrangement okay ุงู„ general arrangement show the
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:11,700 --> 00:11:14,960
539
+ whole thing electrical drawing don't usually show
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:20,760
543
+ sizes they show .. they are shown as ..
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:20,760 --> 00:11:25,460
547
+ ู„ุง ุทู„ุน .. electrical drawing don't show .. don't
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:25,460 --> 00:11:31,640
551
+ usually show the sizesุจุจูŠู†ู†ุด ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:34,240
555
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:35,920
559
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:35,920 --> 00:11:36,120
563
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:36,120 --> 00:11:37,100
567
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:37,100 --> 00:11:37,200
571
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:37,200 --> 00:11:37,260
575
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:37,260 --> 00:11:40,020
579
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:40,020 --> 00:11:48,740
583
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:48,740 --> 00:11:50,460
587
+ ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:58,910 --> 00:12:06,190
591
+ ู‡ูŠ isometricุŸ exploded projectionุŸ elevationุŸ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:06,190 --> 00:12:19,230
595
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠุŸ sectionุŸ exploded viewุŸ ุทูŠุจ detailsุŸ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:19,230 --> 00:12:24,990
599
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠุŸ ุงู„ details ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŸ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:24,990 --> 00:12:31,020
603
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ .. ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง details show part
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:31,020 --> 00:12:35,580
607
+ in details using large scale ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ scale
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:35,580 --> 00:12:39,360
611
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง schematic ุงูŠุด
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:45,040
615
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู„ูŠุŸ ููŠู‡ size ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:46,830 --> 00:12:52,130
619
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ .. ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ .. ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:52,130 --> 00:12:57,330
623
+ .. ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ schematic ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฑุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฎุทุท
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:57,330 --> 00:13:02,010
627
+ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุงุญูƒู†ุงุด .. ู…ุงุญูƒู†ุงุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ size
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:02,010 --> 00:13:09,290
631
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุชุดุจูƒู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:11,320 --> 00:13:15,920
635
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด of drawing for large project
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:21,800
639
+ can consist of hundred of pagesุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:21,800 --> 00:13:28,220
643
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌู…ุน ูƒุชูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุณุช .. ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:28,220 --> 00:13:33,400
647
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ most drawings are produced in computer ..
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:33,400 --> 00:13:38,580
651
+ computer using ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง softwareุŸ software
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:40,600 --> 00:13:46,120
655
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ุงุตู„ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุชุจุนูƒู… ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฏู‡ ูู‡ุฐู‡
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:46,120 --> 00:13:50,960
659
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉุŸ ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุงุทุทู„ูƒู…
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:50,960 --> 00:13:57,420
663
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:57,420 --> 00:14:02,390
667
+ ู„ู„ุจุนุฏุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:02,390 --> 00:14:06,650
671
+ ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุฅูŠุด ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ complete ูˆ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:06,650 --> 00:14:10,330
675
+ ุงู„ complete ุจู†ุฎููู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ุจู†ุญุจุด ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุจุณ ุจู†ุญุท
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:10,330 --> 00:14:14,750
679
+ ููŠ match ูˆ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ true and false
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:14,750 --> 00:14:20,050
683
+ ูˆุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุขู† match the description one to six ู…ุน ุงู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:20,050 --> 00:14:25,170
687
+ group ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง to do the view of the size of
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:25,170 --> 00:14:26,910
691
+ an object ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŸ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:32,950
695
+ ุงู„ู€ side of the objectุŒ ุฃูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŸ a 2D view of the
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:32,950 --> 00:14:38,050
699
+ side of the object ู‡ู„ ุจุชู†ูุน ุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ plainุŸ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:38,050 --> 00:14:46,790
703
+ sectionุŸ isometricุŸ obliqueุŸ explodedุŸ elevationุŸ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:46,790 --> 00:14:50,920
707
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ elevation shows from the sidesุŸูู‡ูŠ ุงู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:50,920 --> 00:14:55,660
711
+ elevation a 2D view inside an object as if it is
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:55,660 --> 00:15:01,980
715
+ cut through ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ a 2D view
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:01,980 --> 00:15:07,180
719
+ looking down on the top of an object ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุทู„ุน
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:07,180 --> 00:15:13,580
723
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู a 3D
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:13,580 --> 00:15:17,300
727
+ view showing an assembly taken to pieces
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:21,800 --> 00:15:26,940
731
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุงุช ุงูŠุด .. ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ assembly ุงู„ู„ูŠ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:26,940 --> 00:15:32,380
735
+ ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ wheel exploded ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุดูุช ุงู„ wheel ุงู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:32,380 --> 00:15:36,340
739
+ wheel ูƒุงู† ุงูŠุด ููƒ ููƒ ุงู„ gear ุชุจุนู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ูู‡ูŠ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:36,340 --> 00:15:41,680
743
+ exploded ุทูŠุจ a 3D view with 2D face of the object
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:41,680 --> 00:15:42,560
747
+ at the front
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:45,470 --> 00:15:50,030
751
+ ุงู„ู€ oblique ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:50,030 --> 00:15:55,950
755
+ 3D view with corner ุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ isometric ูŠุจู‚ู‰
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:55,950 --> 00:16:01,630
759
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทู„ุนุช ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูุชุฃูƒุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:01,630 --> 00:16:07,500
763
+ match ู…ุง ุชุณุชุนุฌู„ูŠุด ุชุฌุงูˆุจูŠ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุบู„ุท ุจุชู†ูŠู†ุญุฏ ุฃุฏู†ู‰
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:07,500 --> 00:16:13,120
767
+ ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุณูˆูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงุฎุณ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุณุชู†ู‰ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู†ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:13,120 --> 00:16:16,300
771
+ ุญุงุจุจ .. ุญุงุจุจ .. ุญุงุจูŠุช ุงูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:16,300 --> 00:16:18,840
775
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒูˆุง ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงุชุนูˆุฏูˆุง
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:26,380
779
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงุฌูˆุจุฉ ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุงู† write
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:26,380 --> 00:16:30,600
783
+ the full forms in words of the abbreviation and
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:36,340
787
+ shortened term belowOkay ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:36,340 --> 00:16:42,280
791
+ GA ุฃูŠุดุŸ general arrangement general arrangement
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:42,280 --> 00:16:49,120
795
+ kid computer-aided design computer-aided design
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:49,120 --> 00:16:51,440
799
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:51,440 --> 00:16:51,480
803
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:51,920
807
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:51,920 --> 00:16:52,180
811
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:52,180 --> 00:16:52,300
815
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:52,300 --> 00:16:52,320
819
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:54,000
823
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:58,080
827
+ computer-aided
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:58,080 --> 00:17:03,830
831
+ design computer-aided designacross section ู…ุธุจูˆุท
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:03,830 --> 00:17:07,510
835
+ ุทูŠุจ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:07,510 --> 00:17:20,670
839
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ one to fifty one to fifty ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:20,670 --> 00:17:25,310
843
+ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:27,560 --> 00:17:31,160
847
+ complete the sentences taken from the
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:34,140
851
+ conversations about drawing using the words and
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:34,140 --> 00:17:38,300
855
+ abbreviation in the box ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุฌูŠุจู‡
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:38,300 --> 00:17:42,620
859
+ ู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ match ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:42,620 --> 00:17:46,200
863
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† we need ุฅูŠุด through the bridge showing
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:46,200 --> 00:17:54,120
867
+ the profile of the deck ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ deckุŸ ุณุทุญ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:54,120 --> 00:17:59,830
871
+ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ู…ุด ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง .. ููˆู‚ ุงู„ ..
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:59,830 --> 00:18:03,950
875
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุนุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ .. ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:03,950 --> 00:18:08,690
879
+ .. ุงู„ bridge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ุช ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:08,690 --> 00:18:12,940
883
+ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุดุงูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏุŸุฅูŠุด
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:12,940 --> 00:18:18,560
887
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุŸ ุฌุณุฑ ู‡ุฐุง bridge ููŠ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ construction ูƒูˆูŠุณ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:22,720
891
+ ู„ุชุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฑุงู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ููŠู‡ุง the
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:22,720 --> 00:18:28,900
895
+ only drawing we have is ุฅูŠุด which is one to one
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:28,900 --> 00:18:32,080
899
+ hundred so it's obviously doesn't show things in
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:32,080 --> 00:18:38,060
903
+ detail ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ 12 ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:38,060 --> 00:18:44,820
907
+ ุนุตุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:44,820 --> 00:18:53,010
911
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉmodern CAD system
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:53,010 --> 00:18:57,910
915
+ can produce drawings that look almost as realistic
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:57,910 --> 00:19:03,850
919
+ as photographs ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฏู‰ homework ุญู†ุณุชู†ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:03,850 --> 00:19:07,110
923
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง we don't need dimensions and
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:07,110 --> 00:19:10,550
927
+ position at this stage we just need ุฅูŠุด space
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:10,550 --> 00:19:15,390
931
+ showing how many branches come off the main supply
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:15,390 --> 00:19:20,630
935
+ pipe we don't have a proper drawing we just got a
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:20,630 --> 00:19:28,300
939
+ roughis cat which is not to .. ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ roughุŸ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:28,300 --> 00:19:40,080
943
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุงู… ุฎุดู† ุจุณ ุจุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุงุด ุฎุดู† ู„ุฃุŒ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:40,080 --> 00:19:46,490
947
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุญุฏ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฎุฑุจุดุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุทู„ุนู„ู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:46,490 --> 00:19:52,410
951
+ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฑุณู… ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุจุฎุฑุจุด ุงู„ุฎุฑุจุด ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:52,410 --> 00:19:57,630
955
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง draft ุงู„ draft ุงู„ draft ููŠ ุชุฌู…ูŠุนุฉ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:57,630 --> 00:20:02,830
959
+ ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุด ู…ุญุทูˆุท ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:02,830 --> 00:20:06,410
963
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุจุชุฑุณู…ูŠ ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:06,410 --> 00:20:11,530
967
+ ุจูŠุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸุงุญู†ุง ุงู„
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:11,530 --> 00:20:13,990
971
+ rough ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:13,990 --> 00:20:18,870
975
+ croquis ุงู„ croquis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ู„ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ูˆู„ุง
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:18,870 --> 00:20:24,290
979
+ ููŠู‡ุง .. ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:24,290 --> 00:20:30,170
983
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง rough sketch ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ rough sketch ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:30,170 --> 00:20:34,770
987
+ ุฒูŠูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ sketch ู…ุด ุฎุฑู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุฉthe fixings
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:34,770 --> 00:20:39,090
991
+ are .. are not shown on the one to fifty general
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:39,090 --> 00:20:43,570
995
+ arrangement but there is a space at one to five on
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:43,570 --> 00:20:50,090
999
+ the drawing 42 ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ fixingุŸ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:50,090 --> 00:20:56,610
1003
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ technical tears ุตุงุฑุช ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:56,880 --> 00:21:01,320
1007
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ fixing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุช ุชุงุจุนุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:01,320 --> 00:21:06,780
1011
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ูŠุท ุฒูŠ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:06,780 --> 00:21:13,120
1015
+ ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง fixing ูุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„. ุงู„ุขู†
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:13,120 --> 00:21:16,540
1019
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠุฉ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:16,540 --> 00:21:20,980
1023
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุถู„ู†ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู‡ู†ุฑุฌุน ุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู„
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:20,980 --> 00:21:25,200
1027
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ูˆุงุฌุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‡ุณู…ุน ุญุฏ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:25,200 --> 00:21:29,360
1031
+ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุชู‚ุฑุฃู„ุฃู† ู…ูุทูˆุนุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ .. ููŠ class
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:29,360 --> 00:21:34,180
1035
+ participation ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุชุจุช ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:34,180 --> 00:21:38,380
1039
+ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุณุฃู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู†ูŠุŸ ุฃู†ุช
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:38,380 --> 00:21:43,400
1043
+ ุจุชู‚ุฑูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ homework ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุจุนุชูˆู‡
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:46,460
1047
+ ูƒู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุชุจุนุชูˆู‡ ู„ .. ู„ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆุตู„ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุชู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:46,460 --> 00:21:51,520
1051
+ email ุฌุงู„ูƒูˆุง email ู…ู† ุจูŠุงุฒุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุชู†ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ู‡ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:55,420
1055
+ email ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณูˆูŠ, ุงู„ุขู† ุชุจุนุชูˆู„ูŠ ูƒุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:55,420 --> 00:22:01,540
1059
+ ุชุจุนุชูƒู… ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุช .. ุจุชุณุฌู„ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:01,540 --> 00:22:06,640
1063
+ ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุจุนุชูˆุง one homework ูˆุงุญุฏ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:12,850
1067
+ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุด .. ู…ุด ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ู„ู‡ุงุชุญุทูˆุง ุงุณู…
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:12,850 --> 00:22:16,150
1071
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŸ ู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ูƒู… ูƒู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:16,150 --> 00:22:23,070
1075
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุจุตู†ููƒู… ููŠู‡
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:23,070 --> 00:22:25,750
1079
+ ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:25,750 --> 00:22:33,090
1083
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ .. ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑุฌุน
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:33,090 --> 00:22:33,950
1087
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:40,820 --> 00:22:44,720
1091
+ ุงู„ first page ู…ูŠู† ุฏู‡ ุชู‚ุฑุงู‡ุงุŸ volunteerุŒ ุงุชูุถู„ูŠุŒ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:44,720 --> 00:22:51,560
1095
+ ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุณู…ูƒ ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ุงุชุฐูƒุฑุŒ ุจู†ุงุชุŒ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:51,560 --> 00:22:54,400
1099
+ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ุงุชูุถู„ูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:01,380
1103
+ Drawing types and scales. In engineering, most
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:01,380 --> 00:23:03,860
1107
+ design information is drawn in drawing. Today,
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:04,020 --> 00:23:07,020
1111
+ drawings are generally drawn by hand. They are
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:07,020 --> 00:23:09,760
1115
+ produced in computer using CAD, computer-aided
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:14,100
1119
+ design systems. A key factor on drawing is the
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:14,100 --> 00:23:18,040
1123
+ scale, that is the size of items on the drawing in
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:21,400
1127
+ relation to their real size. When all the items on
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:22,940
1131
+ a drawing are shown related,
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:42,530 --> 00:23:49,990
1135
+ Okay if we ask you what's a scaled drawing what is
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:49,990 --> 00:23:51,390
1139
+ a scaled drawing
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:01,370 --> 00:24:08,110
1143
+ ุชุณู†ูŠู… okay it's actually the actual size you have
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:08,110 --> 00:24:11,970
1147
+ to draw one to one right this is the actual size
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:11,970 --> 00:24:16,290
1151
+ if we gonna produce a scaled drawing either we
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:16,290 --> 00:24:25,370
1155
+ make it bigger expand it or shrink itOkay usually
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:25,370 --> 00:24:31,310
1159
+ we said if we wanna make it one to fifty we make
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:31,310 --> 00:24:36,410
1163
+ it bigger what we call it scale up scale up but
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:36,410 --> 00:24:41,550
1167
+ what's the technical term here general ุงูŠุด
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:41,550 --> 00:24:46,810
1171
+ arrangement we call detailed drawing ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:46,810 --> 00:24:51,270
1175
+ ููŠู‡ุง detailed drawing we shrink it or scale it
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:51,270 --> 00:24:57,610
1179
+ downand we call it detailed drawing okay ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:57,610 --> 00:25:01,670
1183
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู„ุฒู‚ุฉ detailed drawing and
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:01,670 --> 00:25:07,930
1187
+ general arrangement drawing okay ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒู…ู„ุŸ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:07,930 --> 00:25:12,970
1191
+ ูุถู„ู‡ ุงุณู… ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:12,970 --> 00:25:13,610
1195
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:13,610 --> 00:25:16,630
1199
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:16,630 --> 00:25:16,670
1203
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:16,670 --> 00:25:16,990
1207
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:16,990 --> 00:25:17,050
1211
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:17,050 --> 00:25:17,110
1215
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:17,110 --> 00:25:20,790
1219
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:20,790 --> 00:25:25,190
1223
+ ุงู†ุง ุงshow whole devices or structures using a
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:25,190 --> 00:25:28,830
1227
+ small scale this means objects or the drawings are
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:28,830 --> 00:25:35,690
1231
+ small relative to the real size for example a 1 to
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:35,690 --> 00:25:40,050
1235
+ 100 drawing of an entire building detailed
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:40,050 --> 00:25:43,550
1239
+ drawings show parts in detail using a large scale
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:43,550 --> 00:25:48,950
1243
+ such as 1 to 5 or 1 to 2 small parts are sometimes
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:48,950 --> 00:25:53,670
1247
+ shown in a detailas actual size one to one or can
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:53,670 --> 00:25:56,990
1251
+ be enlarged to bigger than actual size for example
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:56,990 --> 00:26:01,550
1255
+ two to one for electrical circuits and pipe and
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:01,550 --> 00:26:05,610
1259
+ duct networks it's helpful to show designs in a
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:05,610 --> 00:26:11,910
1263
+ simplified form in this case schematic schematic
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:11,910 --> 00:26:17,250
1267
+ drawings often referred to as schematics are used
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:17,250 --> 00:26:23,760
1271
+ an everyday example in themap of train network
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:30,400
1275
+ okay ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูุธู‡ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:33,980
1279
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ good technique ุชุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠูˆุด ุงุฎุฑ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:33,980 --> 00:26:38,100
1283
+ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูุธ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุงู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:38,100 --> 00:26:42,180
1287
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ูƒุงู… ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขู† maximum ten words
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:42,180 --> 00:26:48,140
1291
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุญุทูˆู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ ููŠ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุญุทูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูˆ ุงู†ุช
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:48,140 --> 00:26:55,480
1295
+ ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุจุชุบู†ูŠูƒ ุนู† ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ุฑู‰ ููŠู‡ู…
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:55,480 --> 00:26:59,900
1299
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ good technique ุงูˆู„ ุตุจุญ ูˆุงู†ุช ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:07,040
1303
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุบู†ูŠ ุนู† ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุญูุธ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชุญูุธูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑูƒ cramp
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:07,040 --> 00:27:11,560
1307
+ ุชุนุฑู ุงูŠุด ุงู„ crampุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู†ุช
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:11,560 --> 00:27:16,600
1311
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎ ุจุทู„ ูŠุณุชูˆุนุจ ุงู„ cramp ููŠ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:16,600 --> 00:27:22,280
1315
+ ุดุฏ ุนุถู„ูŠุชุดุฏ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุชุจุทู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ู„ุฉ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:22,280 --> 00:27:28,300
1319
+ ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุฑู‡ุงู‚ ูุจูŠุจุทู„ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฌู ุฃูˆ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:28,300 --> 00:27:32,120
1323
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุฏู‡ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูุงู„ crab ููŠ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:32,120 --> 00:27:38,980
1327
+ studying ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุจุทู„ ุชุณุชูˆุนุจูŠ unable to remember
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:38,980 --> 00:27:44,110
1331
+ anything or think of anythingูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ cramp ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:44,110 --> 00:27:47,190
1335
+ ุจู‚ู‰ุŒ ุจุชู†ุงุดู‰ ูŠุงูƒูˆุง ุชุตู„ูˆุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุŒ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:47,190 --> 00:27:51,310
1339
+ ุฌูŠุชูˆุง ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงูŠุฉ ุฒู‰ .. ู‚ุจู„ ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุจูŠูˆู… ูˆู„ุง
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:51,310 --> 00:27:54,870
1343
+ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ technical words ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:54,870 --> 00:28:01,610
1347
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:01,610 --> 00:28:11,430
1351
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ volunteerุŸ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุชุณู†ูŠู…ุŸ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:11,430 --> 00:28:17,810
1355
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงุณู…ูƒุŒ ูƒูŠู ุฃุจูˆูƒูŠ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉุŒ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:17,810 --> 00:28:18,330
1359
+ ุฒู…ูŠู„ูŠ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:25,300 --> 00:28:29,020
1363
+ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ุงุช ู…ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุนุฑูˆู ู…ู†
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:29,020 --> 00:28:33,880
1367
+ ุฌุฑู…ุงู„ ูŠู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ .. ูŠู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:39,820
1371
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ XXL ูƒู…ุง ูŠุจุญุซูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู†ู‡ุงุŒ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:39,820 --> 00:28:42,260
1375
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ุฉุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ .. ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:42,260 --> 00:28:45,440
1379
+ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:45,440 --> 00:28:52,440
1383
+ ู„ุงู†ูƒุŒ ุณูŠูƒุดู† ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุณูŠูƒุดู† ูˆูŠุนุงู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:52,440 --> 00:28:56,930
1387
+ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ูŠtwo-dimension and three-dimension of a R
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:56,930 --> 00:29:02,630
1391
+ of .. R of shorted two .. two D and three okay
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:02,630 --> 00:29:05,990
1395
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ engineer .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:05,990 --> 00:29:10,950
1399
+ ุจุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุฑุณู…ูŠ ู„ู„ front plan ุงู„ side ูˆุงู„ top ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:10,950 --> 00:29:16,850
1403
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุฎู„ุงุต ุงู†ุบุฑุฒุช ููŠู‡ุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:16,850 --> 00:29:20,290
1407
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ section ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงุฑุณู… ุงู„ cross
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:20,290 --> 00:29:26,440
1411
+ section ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท2D ูˆ3D 2D ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ two
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:26,440 --> 00:29:29,960
1415
+ dimensional height ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆ width ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ three
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:34,060
1419
+ dimensional ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ view
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:34,060 --> 00:29:38,940
1423
+ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ูุฑุฌูŠุชูƒูˆุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:38,940 --> 00:29:43,400
1427
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ู‡ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ top ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:47,180
1431
+ side ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ .. ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ side of plate
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:47,180 --> 00:29:55,170
1435
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจู„ูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉุงูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ isometric
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:55,170 --> 00:30:00,730
1439
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ู‡ุงุฏุŸ ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ .. ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ .. actual
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:00,730 --> 00:30:07,630
1443
+ ู‡ุงู†ุง .. ู‡ุงู†ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:07,630 --> 00:30:13,470
1447
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชุทูˆุนุฉุŸ ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุฌุงุŒ ุงุชูุถู„ ุงุณู… ุจุณ ..
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:13,470 --> 00:30:16,050
1451
+ ุงุชูุถู„ ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:19,850 --> 00:30:26,470
1455
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:26,470 --> 00:30:33,310
1459
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:33,310 --> 00:30:35,170
1463
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:35,170 --> 00:30:35,290
1467
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:35,290 --> 00:30:37,210
1471
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:37,210 --> 00:30:41,770
1475
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:41,770 --> 00:30:48,690
1479
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:55,850 --> 00:31:02,530
1483
+ pipe, valve, ุงูŠุด ุงู„ valveุŸ ู…ูŠูƒู†ุฒู…
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:15,250 --> 00:31:23,390
1487
+ components spaced out ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ spaced out ุชุดูˆู
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:23,390 --> 00:31:28,170
1491
+ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ูˆ spaced out ุจู†ููƒููƒู‡ุง ุจุณ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:28,170 --> 00:31:32,410
1495
+ ุจุชููƒููƒู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ูˆุณุนู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุญุท ู…ุณุงูุงุช ู‡ูŠ spaced out
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:32,410 --> 00:31:38,130
1499
+ ุทูŠุจ visualize
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:39,360 --> 00:31:43,180
1503
+ it's hard to visualize this essentially based on
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:43,180 --> 00:31:48,640
1507
+ two dimensional elevation and suction it would be
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:54,600
1511
+ clearer if we had a three dimensional view as
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:54,600 --> 00:32:01,060
1515
+ either an oblique projection or an isometric
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:01,060 --> 00:32:07,100
1519
+ projection okay ููŠุฑูƒูˆุง ุฃูŠ ุชุณุงุคู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:07,100 --> 00:32:13,340
1523
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุจุฏุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุดูˆููƒู…
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:13,340 --> 00:32:16,920
1527
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠ ุจุณ ู„ุง ุชู†ุณูˆุด ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ communication
1528
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/VwUFeAbFcZs_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1624 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,040 --> 00:00:26,200
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ู…ุฑุญุจุง ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,200 --> 00:00:30,800
7
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ู‚ุตุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‚ุตุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุนู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:35,920
11
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ุณู†ุจุฏุฃ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:35,920 --> 00:00:39,240
15
+ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:39,240 --> 00:00:40,100
19
+ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:40,100 --> 00:00:41,980
23
+ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ูˆู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:56,320
27
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:56,320 --> 00:01:01,880
31
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุณู†ุบุทูŠู‡ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:08,720
35
+ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุชุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุตูˆุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:08,720 --> 00:01:13,230
39
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ู‡ุงู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:13,230 --> 00:01:16,950
43
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:16,950 --> 00:01:23,810
47
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:23,810 --> 00:01:25,550
51
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:25,550 --> 00:01:25,550
55
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:25,550 --> 00:01:25,650
59
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:25,650 --> 00:01:25,890
63
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:25,890 --> 00:01:29,250
67
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:29,250 --> 00:01:37,930
71
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:37,930 --> 00:01:45,600
75
+ ูƒุชุงุจูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุงูŠุฏุฏ ุฏูŠุฒุงูŠู† ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:45,600 --> 00:01:53,400
79
+ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:59,900
83
+ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:59,900 --> 00:02:04,140
87
+ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุฏ ุณูŠุณุชู…
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:05,380 --> 00:02:10,780
91
+ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Scale ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:10,780 --> 00:02:17,040
95
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตุฑู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ุตุฑู‡ุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:17,040 --> 00:02:19,060
99
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:19,060 --> 00:02:19,120
103
+ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:19,120
107
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:19,120
111
+ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:19,120
115
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:23,500
119
+ ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:23,500 --> 00:02:27,860
123
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:27,860 --> 00:02:29,280
127
+ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:30,180
131
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงูˆ ุญ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:34,020 --> 00:02:41,860
135
+ ุณู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ุง ูˆู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:41,860 --> 00:02:47,180
139
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ูŠุชู… ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฑุณู… ุชุณู„ู‚ุŒ ุฑุณู…
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:47,180 --> 00:02:52,740
143
+ ุชุณู„ู‚ ุฃูˆ ุฑุณู… ุชุณู„ู‚ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชู… ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุณู„ู‚ ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:52,740 --> 00:02:56,580
147
+ ูƒู†ุช ุชู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุทุงุฑุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุทุงุฑ ูŠุชู…
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:56,580 --> 00:03:04,240
151
+ ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃูˆ ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุชุณู„ู‚ู‡ุงู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:08,380
155
+ ุชู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:08,380 --> 00:03:11,000
159
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:16,560
163
+ ู„ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ุชู†ุณูŠู‚
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:16,560 --> 00:03:22,920
167
+ 1 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 1 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 ููŠ 1 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุจุทูˆู„ุฉ 100
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:27,120
171
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู†ุณูŠู‚ 10 ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:32,090
175
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุชู†ุณู‚ู‡ ู„ุฃุณูู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:32,090 --> 00:03:36,370
179
+ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ 1-10 ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุชุตู…ูŠู…
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:36,370 --> 00:03:43,190
183
+ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ูŠุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:43,190 --> 00:03:46,870
187
+ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:46,870 --> 00:03:47,670
191
+ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:47,670 --> 00:03:54,120
195
+ ุจุตูˆุฑุฃุณูŠุช ูŠุชุฌุงุฑุจ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:54,120 --> 00:03:56,780
199
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:56,780 --> 00:03:57,100
203
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:57,100 --> 00:03:57,140
207
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:57,140 --> 00:03:57,140
211
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:57,140 --> 00:03:57,400
215
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:04,240
219
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:06,960
223
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุง
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:16,770 --> 00:04:19,870
227
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:19,870 --> 00:04:26,030
231
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุตูุฑู‡
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:26,030 --> 00:04:32,670
235
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุถุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ 8
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:32,670 --> 00:04:39,550
239
+ ุจุงู„10 ุจูŠุตูุฑ A4 ุฃูˆ A3 ุตูุฑุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:39,550 --> 00:04:44,080
243
+ ุฃู† ุชู†ุฒู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„it shows the whole device
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:47,460
247
+ everything the whole thing this is we call it ุฃูŠุด
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:47,460 --> 00:04:55,620
251
+ general arrangement or GA detail drawings it shows
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:55,620 --> 00:05:02,830
255
+ the word say details what does it meanุฃูŠูˆุฉ shows
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:02,830 --> 00:05:07,810
259
+ parts in details using a large scale such as one
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:07,810 --> 00:05:11,270
263
+ to five or one to two small parts are sometimes
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:11,270 --> 00:05:15,350
267
+ shown in a detail as actual size or it can be
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:15,350 --> 00:05:20,510
271
+ enlarged to bigger than the actual size okay
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:20,510 --> 00:05:26,030
275
+ smaller one we have to blow it up bigger we have
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:26,030 --> 00:05:26,830
279
+ to shrink it
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:29,550 --> 00:05:32,810
283
+ for electrical circuits now we have details
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:32,810 --> 00:05:36,750
287
+ drawing, general arrangement drawing for
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:36,750 --> 00:05:41,050
291
+ electrical circuits and pipes and duct network
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:41,050 --> 00:05:45,550
295
+ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ ductุŸ ุงู„ duct ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆู
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:45,550 --> 00:05:51,070
299
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุทูŠู…ุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงุทูŠู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ููˆู‚
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:51,070 --> 00:05:55,430
303
+ ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒูŠูŠู
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:55,430 --> 00:06:02,290
307
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ductุจุงูŠุจุฒ okay it is helpful to show
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:02,290 --> 00:06:05,870
311
+ the design in a simplified form in this case
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:05,870 --> 00:06:09,790
315
+ schematic drawing or we call it in short schematic
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:09,790 --> 00:06:18,210
319
+ schematic ู…ุฎุทุท okay are used and everyday example
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:18,210 --> 00:06:23,330
323
+ is the map of a train network or a PCB ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:23,330 --> 00:06:27,690
327
+ printed circuit board ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… schematic
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:30,130 --> 00:06:33,210
331
+ Now we talked about the type of net, now we gonna
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:33,210 --> 00:06:37,110
335
+ talk about the view used in the drawing ุฎุฏุชูˆุง ูƒุงู…
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:37,110 --> 00:06:41,810
339
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠูƒู… ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุฑุณู… ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŸ ุฎุฏุชูˆุง ูˆ ุฎู„ุตุชูˆุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:41,810 --> 00:06:45,130
343
+ ุงู‡ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู…ุด ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:46,690 --> 00:06:50,850
347
+ technicians are discussing different views shown
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:50,850 --> 00:06:53,230
351
+ on the drawing looking at the component from the
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:53,230 --> 00:06:57,190
355
+ above you can look from above or the sides or etc
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:57,190 --> 00:07:02,870
359
+ as they search for information they require in a
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:02,870 --> 00:07:05,750
363
+ non-technical everyday English engineering
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:05,750 --> 00:07:12,890
367
+ drawings are often called plans ู…ุฎุทุท ุฃูˆ ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ุฃุณุทุญ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:13,650 --> 00:07:17,470
371
+ section is the short form for cross-sectional ู„ู…ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:17,470 --> 00:07:21,530
375
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุน ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุต ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง cross-sectional ุฃูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:21,530 --> 00:07:25,850
379
+ ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ and it's commonly used in technical
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:25,850 --> 00:07:30,190
383
+ contexts two-dimensional and three-dimensional are
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:30,190 --> 00:07:36,750
387
+ often shortened to 3D and TD drawings ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:36,750 --> 00:07:41,410
391
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ drawings ู†ูุณู‡ู… get shorted as the following
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:53,290
395
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ short hand for drawing we
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:53,290 --> 00:07:56,010
399
+ need a view from above showing the general
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:56,010 --> 00:08:02,090
403
+ arrangement of all the roof panels a plan of the
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:02,090 --> 00:08:06,230
407
+ whole area ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ general arrangementุŸ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:06,230 --> 00:08:10,290
411
+ general arrangement shows the whole thingAccording
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:10,290 --> 00:08:14,090
415
+ to this list, there are elevations of all four
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:14,090 --> 00:08:18,690
419
+ sides of the machine or drawing 28, so one of
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:18,690 --> 00:08:23,610
423
+ these should show the front of the machine ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:23,610 --> 00:08:29,370
427
+ elevation ู‡ุงุช ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุนูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ There
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:29,370 --> 00:08:32,610
431
+ should be a section through the pipe showing the
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:32,610 --> 00:08:36,750
435
+ valve inside on drawing 56 section ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ cross
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:36,750 --> 00:08:42,670
439
+ sectionWe need an exploded view of the mechanism
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:42,670 --> 00:08:47,310
443
+ showing the components space out ุงู„ู€ exploded view
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:47,310 --> 00:08:52,350
447
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญู†ุง ู†ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฃูˆ ู†ููƒููƒู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ูุฑุฌูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:52,350 --> 00:08:56,710
451
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ hole ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจููƒููƒ ุงู„
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:56,710 --> 00:09:01,070
455
+ hole ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุงุชุŒ small piecesุŒ componentsุŒ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:01,070 --> 00:09:03,990
459
+ the way components are connected together we call
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:03,990 --> 00:09:05,870
463
+ it exploded view
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:08,810 --> 00:09:12,230
467
+ it's hard to visualize this assembly based on two
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:12,230 --> 00:09:17,790
471
+ -dimensional elevations and sections it would be
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:17,790 --> 00:09:23,230
475
+ clearer if we had a three-dimensional view as
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:23,230 --> 00:09:26,830
479
+ either an oblique projection or isometric
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:26,830 --> 00:09:30,930
483
+ projection ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ oblique ูˆุฅูŠุด ุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:30,930 --> 00:09:37,440
487
+ isometric ู‡ุฏู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸุทูŠุจ ู†ุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:44,340
491
+ obliqueุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ front ุจุงูŠู†
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:44,340 --> 00:09:50,640
495
+ ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ุฌุงูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุทุงู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ isometric ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:50,640 --> 00:09:55,280
499
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ corner ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง cornerุŒ ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:55,280 --> 00:10:00,680
503
+ ุฌุงูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนุฏู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:02,910 --> 00:10:06,690
507
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ exploded view ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุจู† ููƒ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:06,690 --> 00:10:15,030
511
+ ููƒู‡ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูุฑุฌูŠู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌู…ุนู‡ู… ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:15,030 --> 00:10:18,330
515
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅู…ุชุนุงู†ุงุชุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ู„ูƒ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:18,330 --> 00:10:24,450
519
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ Complete the sentences, enlarged drawings
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:24,450 --> 00:10:26,530
523
+ show components larger than their
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:29,300 --> 00:10:33,780
527
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฏู‡ ุจูƒุจุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุจูŠู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:33,780 --> 00:10:39,940
531
+ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ actual size okay and large drone show
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:39,940 --> 00:10:44,760
535
+ components larger than their real or actual size
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:44,760 --> 00:10:49,320
539
+ for engineering drone one to five is commonly used
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:49,320 --> 00:10:54,880
543
+ scale ุงู„ scale ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:54,880 --> 00:11:00,400
547
+ Russellwhole machine or structures are shown on
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:00,400 --> 00:11:05,840
551
+ drawing ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ wholeุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุŸ general
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:05,840 --> 00:11:11,700
555
+ arrangement okay ุงู„ general arrangement show the
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:11,700 --> 00:11:14,960
559
+ whole thing electrical drawing don't usually show
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:20,760
563
+ sizes they show .. they are shown as ..
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:20,760 --> 00:11:25,460
567
+ ู„ุง ุทู„ุน .. electrical drawing don't show .. don't
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:25,460 --> 00:11:31,640
571
+ usually show the sizesุจุจูŠู†ู†ุด ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:34,240
575
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:34,240
579
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:34,240
583
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:34,240 --> 00:11:35,920
587
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:35,920 --> 00:11:36,120
591
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:36,120 --> 00:11:37,100
595
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:37,100 --> 00:11:37,100
599
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:37,100 --> 00:11:37,200
603
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:37,200 --> 00:11:37,260
607
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:37,260 --> 00:11:40,020
611
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:40,020 --> 00:11:40,020
615
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:40,020 --> 00:11:40,020
619
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:40,020 --> 00:11:48,740
623
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:48,740 --> 00:11:50,460
627
+ ุงู„
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:58,910 --> 00:12:06,190
631
+ ู‡ูŠ isometricุŸ exploded projectionุŸ elevationุŸ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:06,190 --> 00:12:19,230
635
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠุŸ sectionุŸ exploded viewุŸ ุทูŠุจ detailsุŸ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:19,230 --> 00:12:24,990
639
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠุŸ ุงู„ details ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŸ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:24,990 --> 00:12:31,020
643
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ .. ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง details show part
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:31,020 --> 00:12:35,580
647
+ in details using large scale ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ scale
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:35,580 --> 00:12:39,360
651
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง schematic ุงูŠุด
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:45,040
655
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุญูƒูŠู„ูŠุŸ ููŠู‡ size ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:46,830 --> 00:12:52,130
659
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ .. ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ .. ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:52,130 --> 00:12:57,330
663
+ .. ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ schematic ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฑุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฎุทุท
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:57,330 --> 00:13:02,010
667
+ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุงุญูƒู†ุงุด .. ู…ุงุญูƒู†ุงุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ size
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:02,010 --> 00:13:09,290
671
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุชุดุจูƒู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:11,320 --> 00:13:15,920
675
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด of drawing for large project
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:21,800
679
+ can consist of hundred of pagesุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:21,800 --> 00:13:28,220
683
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌู…ุน ูƒุชูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุณุช .. ุงู„ุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:28,220 --> 00:13:33,400
687
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ most drawings are produced in computer ..
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:33,400 --> 00:13:38,580
691
+ computer using ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง softwareุŸ software
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:40,600 --> 00:13:46,120
695
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ุงุตู„ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุชุจุนูƒู… ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฏู‡ ูู‡ุฐู‡
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:46,120 --> 00:13:50,960
699
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉุŸ ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุงุทุทู„ูƒู…
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:50,960 --> 00:13:57,420
703
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:57,420 --> 00:14:02,390
707
+ ู„ู„ุจุนุฏุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:02,390 --> 00:14:06,650
711
+ ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุฅูŠุด ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ complete ูˆ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:06,650 --> 00:14:10,330
715
+ ุงู„ complete ุจู†ุฎููู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญุชู‰ ุจู†ุญุจุด ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุจุณ ุจู†ุญุท
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:10,330 --> 00:14:14,750
719
+ ููŠ match ูˆ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ true and false
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:14,750 --> 00:14:20,050
723
+ ูˆุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุขู† match the description one to six ู…ุน ุงู„
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:20,050 --> 00:14:25,170
727
+ group ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง to do the view of the size of
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:25,170 --> 00:14:26,910
731
+ an object ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŸ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:32,950
735
+ ุงู„ู€ side of the objectุŒ ุฃูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŸ a 2D view of the
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:32,950 --> 00:14:38,050
739
+ side of the object ู‡ู„ ุจุชู†ูุน ุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ plainุŸ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:38,050 --> 00:14:46,790
743
+ sectionุŸ isometricุŸ obliqueุŸ explodedุŸ elevationุŸ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:46,790 --> 00:14:50,920
747
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ elevation shows from the sidesุŸูู‡ูŠ ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:50,920 --> 00:14:55,660
751
+ elevation a 2D view inside an object as if it is
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:55,660 --> 00:15:01,980
755
+ cut through ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ a 2D view
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:01,980 --> 00:15:07,180
759
+ looking down on the top of an object ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุทู„ุน
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:07,180 --> 00:15:13,580
763
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู a 3D
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:13,580 --> 00:15:17,300
767
+ view showing an assembly taken to pieces
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:21,800 --> 00:15:26,940
771
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุงุช ุงูŠุด .. ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ assembly ุงู„ู„ูŠ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:26,940 --> 00:15:32,380
775
+ ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ wheel exploded ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุดูุช ุงู„ wheel ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:32,380 --> 00:15:36,340
779
+ wheel ูƒุงู† ุงูŠุด ููƒ ููƒ ุงู„ gear ุชุจุนู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ูู‡ูŠ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:36,340 --> 00:15:41,680
783
+ exploded ุทูŠุจ a 3D view with 2D face of the object
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:41,680 --> 00:15:42,560
787
+ at the front
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:45,470 --> 00:15:50,030
791
+ ุงู„ู€ oblique ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:50,030 --> 00:15:55,950
795
+ 3D view with corner ุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ isometric ูŠุจู‚ู‰
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:55,950 --> 00:16:01,630
799
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทู„ุนุช ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูุชุฃูƒุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:01,630 --> 00:16:07,500
803
+ match ู…ุง ุชุณุชุนุฌู„ูŠุด ุชุฌุงูˆุจูŠ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุบู„ุท ุจุชู†ูŠู†ุญุฏ ุฃุฏู†ู‰
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:07,500 --> 00:16:13,120
807
+ ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุณูˆูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงุฎุณ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุณุชู†ู‰ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู†ุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:13,120 --> 00:16:16,300
811
+ ุญุงุจุจ .. ุญุงุจุจ .. ุญุงุจูŠุช ุงูุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:16,300 --> 00:16:18,840
815
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒูˆุง ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงุชุนูˆุฏูˆุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:26,380
819
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงุฌูˆุจุฉ ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุงู† write
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:26,380 --> 00:16:30,600
823
+ the full forms in words of the abbreviation and
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:36,340
827
+ shortened term belowOkay ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:36,340 --> 00:16:42,280
831
+ GA ุฃูŠุดุŸ general arrangement general arrangement
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:42,280 --> 00:16:49,120
835
+ kid computer-aided design computer-aided design
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:49,120 --> 00:16:51,440
839
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:51,440 --> 00:16:51,480
843
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:51,480
847
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:51,920
851
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:51,920 --> 00:16:52,180
855
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:52,180 --> 00:16:52,300
859
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:52,300 --> 00:16:52,320
863
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,320
867
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,320
871
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,320
875
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,320
879
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,320
883
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,320
887
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,320
891
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,320
895
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,320
899
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:52,320
903
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:52,320 --> 00:16:54,000
907
+ computer-aided design computer-aided design
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:58,080
911
+ computer-aided
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:16:58,080 --> 00:17:03,830
915
+ design computer-aided designacross section ู…ุธุจูˆุท
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:03,830 --> 00:17:07,510
919
+ ุทูŠุจ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:07,510 --> 00:17:20,670
923
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ one to fifty one to fifty ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:20,670 --> 00:17:25,310
927
+ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:27,560 --> 00:17:31,160
931
+ complete the sentences taken from the
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:34,140
935
+ conversations about drawing using the words and
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:34,140 --> 00:17:38,300
939
+ abbreviation in the box ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุฌูŠุจู‡
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:38,300 --> 00:17:42,620
943
+ ู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ match ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:42,620 --> 00:17:46,200
947
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† we need ุฅูŠุด through the bridge showing
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:46,200 --> 00:17:54,120
951
+ the profile of the deck ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ deckุŸ ุณุทุญ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:54,120 --> 00:17:59,830
955
+ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ู…ุด ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง .. ููˆู‚ ุงู„ ..
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:59,830 --> 00:18:03,950
959
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุนุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ .. ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:03,950 --> 00:18:08,690
963
+ .. ุงู„ bridge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ุช ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:08,690 --> 00:18:12,940
967
+ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุดุงูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏุŸุฅูŠุด
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:12,940 --> 00:18:18,560
971
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุŸ ุฌุณุฑ ู‡ุฐุง bridge ููŠ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ construction ูƒูˆูŠุณ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:22,720
975
+ ู„ุชุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฑุงู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ููŠู‡ุง the
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:22,720 --> 00:18:28,900
979
+ only drawing we have is ุฅูŠุด which is one to one
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:28,900 --> 00:18:32,080
983
+ hundred so it's obviously doesn't show things in
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:32,080 --> 00:18:38,060
987
+ detail ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ 12 ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:38,060 --> 00:18:44,820
991
+ ุนุตุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:44,820 --> 00:18:53,010
995
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉmodern CAD system
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:53,010 --> 00:18:57,910
999
+ can produce drawings that look almost as realistic
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:57,910 --> 00:19:03,850
1003
+ as photographs ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฏู‰ homework ุญู†ุณุชู†ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:03,850 --> 00:19:07,110
1007
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง we don't need dimensions and
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:07,110 --> 00:19:10,550
1011
+ position at this stage we just need ุฅูŠุด space
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:10,550 --> 00:19:15,390
1015
+ showing how many branches come off the main supply
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:15,390 --> 00:19:20,630
1019
+ pipe we don't have a proper drawing we just got a
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:20,630 --> 00:19:28,300
1023
+ roughis cat which is not to .. ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ roughุŸ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:28,300 --> 00:19:40,080
1027
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุงู… ุฎุดู† ุจุณ ุจุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุงุด ุฎุดู† ู„ุฃุŒ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:40,080 --> 00:19:46,490
1031
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุญุฏ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฎุฑุจุดุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุทู„ุนู„ู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:46,490 --> 00:19:52,410
1035
+ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฑุณู… ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุจุฎุฑุจุด ุงู„ุฎุฑุจุด ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:52,410 --> 00:19:57,630
1039
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง draft ุงู„ draft ุงู„ draft ููŠ ุชุฌู…ูŠุนุฉ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:57,630 --> 00:20:02,830
1043
+ ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุด ู…ุญุทูˆุท ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:02,830 --> 00:20:06,410
1047
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ุจุชุฑุณู…ูŠ ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:06,410 --> 00:20:11,530
1051
+ ุจูŠุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸุงุญู†ุง ุงู„
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:11,530 --> 00:20:13,990
1055
+ rough ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:13,990 --> 00:20:18,870
1059
+ croquis ุงู„ croquis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ู„ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ูˆู„ุง
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:18,870 --> 00:20:24,290
1063
+ ููŠู‡ุง .. ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:24,290 --> 00:20:30,170
1067
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง rough sketch ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ rough sketch ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:30,170 --> 00:20:34,770
1071
+ ุฒูŠูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ sketch ู…ุด ุฎุฑู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠุฉthe fixings
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:34,770 --> 00:20:39,090
1075
+ are .. are not shown on the one to fifty general
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:39,090 --> 00:20:43,570
1079
+ arrangement but there is a space at one to five on
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:43,570 --> 00:20:50,090
1083
+ the drawing 42 ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ fixingุŸ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:50,090 --> 00:20:56,610
1087
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ technical tears ุตุงุฑุช ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:56,880 --> 00:21:01,320
1091
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ fixing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุช ุชุงุจุนุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:01,320 --> 00:21:06,780
1095
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ูŠุท ุฒูŠ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:06,780 --> 00:21:13,120
1099
+ ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง fixing ูุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„. ุงู„ุขู†
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:13,120 --> 00:21:16,540
1103
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠุฉ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:16,540 --> 00:21:20,980
1107
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุถู„ู†ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู‡ู†ุฑุฌุน ุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ุจู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:20,980 --> 00:21:25,200
1111
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ูˆุงุฌุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‡ุณู…ุน ุญุฏ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:25,200 --> 00:21:29,360
1115
+ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุชู‚ุฑุฃู„ุฃู† ู…ูุทูˆุนุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ .. ููŠ class
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:29,360 --> 00:21:34,180
1119
+ participation ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุชุจุช ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:34,180 --> 00:21:38,380
1123
+ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุณุฃู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู†ูŠุŸ ุฃู†ุช
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:38,380 --> 00:21:43,400
1127
+ ุจุชู‚ุฑูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ homework ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุจุนุชูˆู‡
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:46,460
1131
+ ูƒู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุชุจุนุชูˆู‡ ู„ .. ู„ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆุตู„ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุชู†
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:46,460 --> 00:21:51,520
1135
+ email ุฌุงู„ูƒูˆุง email ู…ู† ุจูŠุงุฒุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุชู†ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ู‡ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:55,420
1139
+ email ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณูˆูŠ, ุงู„ุขู† ุชุจุนุชูˆู„ูŠ ูƒุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:55,420 --> 00:22:01,540
1143
+ ุชุจุนุชูƒู… ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุช .. ุจุชุณุฌู„ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:22:01,540 --> 00:22:06,640
1147
+ ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุจุนุชูˆุง one homework ูˆุงุญุฏ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:12,850
1151
+ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุด .. ู…ุด ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ู„ู‡ุงุชุญุทูˆุง ุงุณู…
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:12,850 --> 00:22:16,150
1155
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŸ ู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ูƒู… ูƒู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:16,150 --> 00:22:23,070
1159
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุจุตู†ููƒู… ููŠู‡
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:23,070 --> 00:22:25,750
1163
+ ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:25,750 --> 00:22:33,090
1167
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ .. ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑุฌุน
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:33,090 --> 00:22:33,950
1171
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:40,820 --> 00:22:44,720
1175
+ ุงู„ first page ู…ูŠู† ุฏู‡ ุชู‚ุฑุงู‡ุงุŸ volunteerุŒ ุงุชูุถู„ูŠุŒ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:44,720 --> 00:22:51,560
1179
+ ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุณู…ูƒ ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ุงุชุฐูƒุฑุŒ ุจู†ุงุชุŒ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:51,560 --> 00:22:54,400
1183
+ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูุถู„ูŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:01,380
1187
+ Drawing types and scales. In engineering, most
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:23:01,380 --> 00:23:03,860
1191
+ design information is drawn in drawing. Today,
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:23:04,020 --> 00:23:07,020
1195
+ drawings are generally drawn by hand. They are
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:07,020 --> 00:23:09,760
1199
+ produced in computer using CAD, computer-aided
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:14,100
1203
+ design systems. A key factor on drawing is the
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:14,100 --> 00:23:18,040
1207
+ scale, that is the size of items on the drawing in
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:21,400
1211
+ relation to their real size. When all the items on
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:22,940
1215
+ a drawing are shown related,
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:42,530 --> 00:23:49,990
1219
+ Okay if we ask you what's a scaled drawing what is
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:49,990 --> 00:23:51,390
1223
+ a scaled drawing
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:24:01,370 --> 00:24:08,110
1227
+ ุชุณู†ูŠู… okay it's actually the actual size you have
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:24:08,110 --> 00:24:11,970
1231
+ to draw one to one right this is the actual size
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:24:11,970 --> 00:24:16,290
1235
+ if we gonna produce a scaled drawing either we
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:16,290 --> 00:24:25,370
1239
+ make it bigger expand it or shrink itOkay usually
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:24:25,370 --> 00:24:31,310
1243
+ we said if we wanna make it one to fifty we make
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:24:31,310 --> 00:24:36,410
1247
+ it bigger what we call it scale up scale up but
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:24:36,410 --> 00:24:41,550
1251
+ what's the technical term here general ุงูŠุด
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:24:41,550 --> 00:24:46,810
1255
+ arrangement we call detailed drawing ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:24:46,810 --> 00:24:51,270
1259
+ ููŠู‡ุง detailed drawing we shrink it or scale it
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:51,270 --> 00:24:57,610
1263
+ downand we call it detailed drawing okay ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:57,610 --> 00:25:01,670
1267
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู„ุฒู‚ุฉ detailed drawing and
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:25:01,670 --> 00:25:07,930
1271
+ general arrangement drawing okay ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒู…ู„ุŸ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:25:07,930 --> 00:25:12,970
1275
+ ูุถู„ู‡ ุงุณู… ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:25:12,970 --> 00:25:13,610
1279
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:25:13,610 --> 00:25:16,630
1283
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:25:16,630 --> 00:25:16,670
1287
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:25:16,670 --> 00:25:16,990
1291
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:25:16,990 --> 00:25:17,050
1295
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:25:17,050 --> 00:25:17,110
1299
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:25:17,110 --> 00:25:20,790
1303
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:25:20,790 --> 00:25:25,190
1307
+ ุงู†ุง ุงshow whole devices or structures using a
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:25,190 --> 00:25:28,830
1311
+ small scale this means objects or the drawings are
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:28,830 --> 00:25:35,690
1315
+ small relative to the real size for example a 1 to
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:25:35,690 --> 00:25:40,050
1319
+ 100 drawing of an entire building detailed
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:25:40,050 --> 00:25:43,550
1323
+ drawings show parts in detail using a large scale
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:25:43,550 --> 00:25:48,950
1327
+ such as 1 to 5 or 1 to 2 small parts are sometimes
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:25:48,950 --> 00:25:53,670
1331
+ shown in a detailas actual size one to one or can
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:25:53,670 --> 00:25:56,990
1335
+ be enlarged to bigger than actual size for example
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:25:56,990 --> 00:26:01,550
1339
+ two to one for electrical circuits and pipe and
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:26:01,550 --> 00:26:05,610
1343
+ duct networks it's helpful to show designs in a
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:26:05,610 --> 00:26:11,910
1347
+ simplified form in this case schematic schematic
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:26:11,910 --> 00:26:17,250
1351
+ drawings often referred to as schematics are used
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:26:17,250 --> 00:26:23,760
1355
+ an everyday example in themap of train network
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:30,400
1359
+ okay ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูุธู‡ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:33,980
1363
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ good technique ุชุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠูˆุด ุงุฎุฑ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:26:33,980 --> 00:26:38,100
1367
+ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูุธ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุงู†
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:26:38,100 --> 00:26:42,180
1371
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ูƒุงู… ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขู† maximum ten words
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:26:42,180 --> 00:26:48,140
1375
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุญุทูˆู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ ููŠ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุญุทูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูˆ ุงู†ุช
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:26:48,140 --> 00:26:55,480
1379
+ ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุจุชุบู†ูŠูƒ ุนู† ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ุฑู‰ ููŠู‡ู…
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:26:55,480 --> 00:26:59,900
1383
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ good technique ุงูˆู„ ุตุจุญ ูˆุงู†ุช ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:26:59,900 --> 00:27:07,040
1387
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุบู†ูŠ ุนู† ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุญูุธ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชุญูุธูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑูƒ cramp
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:27:07,040 --> 00:27:11,560
1391
+ ุชุนุฑู ุงูŠุด ุงู„ crampุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฌุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ ูˆุงู†ุช
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:27:11,560 --> 00:27:16,600
1395
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎ ุจุทู„ ูŠุณุชูˆุนุจ ุงู„ cramp ููŠ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:27:16,600 --> 00:27:22,280
1399
+ ุดุฏ ุนุถู„ูŠุชุดุฏ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุชุจุทู„ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ู„ุฉ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:27:22,280 --> 00:27:28,300
1403
+ ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุฑู‡ุงู‚ ูุจูŠุจุทู„ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฌู ุฃูˆ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:27:28,300 --> 00:27:32,120
1407
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุฏู‡ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูุงู„ crab ููŠ ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:27:32,120 --> 00:27:38,980
1411
+ studying ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุจุทู„ ุชุณุชูˆุนุจูŠ unable to remember
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:27:38,980 --> 00:27:44,110
1415
+ anything or think of anythingูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ cramp ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:27:44,110 --> 00:27:47,190
1419
+ ุจู‚ู‰ุŒ ุจุชู†ุงุดู‰ ูŠุงูƒูˆุง ุชุตู„ูˆุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุŒ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:27:47,190 --> 00:27:51,310
1423
+ ุฌูŠุชูˆุง ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงูŠุฉ ุฒู‰ .. ู‚ุจู„ ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุจูŠูˆู… ูˆู„ุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:27:51,310 --> 00:27:54,870
1427
+ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ technical words ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:27:54,870 --> 00:28:01,610
1431
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:28:01,610 --> 00:28:11,430
1435
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ volunteerุŸ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุงุชุณู†ูŠู…ุŸ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:28:11,430 --> 00:28:17,810
1439
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงุณู…ูƒุŒ ูƒูŠู ุฃุจูˆูƒูŠ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉุŒ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:28:17,810 --> 00:28:18,330
1443
+ ุฒู…ูŠู„ูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:28:25,300 --> 00:28:29,020
1447
+ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ุงุช ู…ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุนุฑูˆู ู…ู†
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:28:29,020 --> 00:28:33,880
1451
+ ุฌุฑู…ุงู„ ูŠู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ .. ูŠู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:39,820
1455
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ XXL ูƒู…ุง ูŠุจุญุซูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู†ู‡ุงุŒ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:28:39,820 --> 00:28:42,260
1459
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ุฉุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ .. ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:28:42,260 --> 00:28:45,440
1463
+ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:28:45,440 --> 00:28:52,440
1467
+ ู„ุงู†ูƒุŒ ุณูŠูƒุดู† ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุณูŠูƒุดู† ูˆูŠุนุงู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:28:52,440 --> 00:28:56,930
1471
+ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงู„ูŠtwo-dimension and three-dimension of a R
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:28:56,930 --> 00:29:02,630
1475
+ of .. R of shorted two .. two D and three okay
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:29:02,630 --> 00:29:05,990
1479
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ engineer .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:29:05,990 --> 00:29:10,950
1483
+ ุจุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุฑุณู…ูŠ ู„ู„ front plan ุงู„ side ูˆุงู„ top ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:29:10,950 --> 00:29:16,850
1487
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุฎู„ุงุต ุงู†ุบุฑุฒุช ููŠู‡ุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:29:16,850 --> 00:29:20,290
1491
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ section ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงุฑุณู… ุงู„ cross
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:29:20,290 --> 00:29:26,440
1495
+ section ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท2D ูˆ3D 2D ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ two
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:29:26,440 --> 00:29:29,960
1499
+ dimensional height ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆ width ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ three
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:34,060
1503
+ dimensional ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ view
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:29:34,060 --> 00:29:38,940
1507
+ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ูุฑุฌูŠุชูƒูˆุง
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:29:38,940 --> 00:29:43,400
1511
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ู‡ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ top ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:47,180
1515
+ side ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ .. ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ side of plate
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:29:47,180 --> 00:29:55,170
1519
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจู„ูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉุงูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ isometric
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:29:55,170 --> 00:30:00,730
1523
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ู‡ุงุฏุŸ ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ .. ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ .. actual
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:30:00,730 --> 00:30:07,630
1527
+ ู‡ุงู†ุง .. ู‡ุงู†ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:30:07,630 --> 00:30:13,470
1531
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชุทูˆุนุฉุŸ ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุฌุงุŒ ุงุชูุถู„ ุงุณู… ุจุณ ..
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:30:13,470 --> 00:30:16,050
1535
+ ุงุชูุถู„ ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:30:19,850 --> 00:30:26,470
1539
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:30:26,470 --> 00:30:33,310
1543
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:30:33,310 --> 00:30:35,170
1547
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:30:35,170 --> 00:30:35,290
1551
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:30:35,290 --> 00:30:35,290
1555
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:30:35,290 --> 00:30:35,290
1559
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:30:35,290 --> 00:30:35,290
1563
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:30:35,290 --> 00:30:37,210
1567
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:30:37,210 --> 00:30:41,770
1571
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:30:41,770 --> 00:30:48,690
1575
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:30:55,850 --> 00:31:02,530
1579
+ pipe, valve, ุงูŠุด ุงู„ valveุŸ ู…ูŠูƒู†ุฒู…
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:31:15,250 --> 00:31:23,390
1583
+ components spaced out ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ spaced out ุชุดูˆู
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:31:23,390 --> 00:31:28,170
1587
+ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ูˆ spaced out ุจู†ููƒููƒู‡ุง ุจุณ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:31:28,170 --> 00:31:32,410
1591
+ ุจุชููƒููƒู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ูˆุณุนู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุญุท ู…ุณุงูุงุช ู‡ูŠ spaced out
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:31:32,410 --> 00:31:38,130
1595
+ ุทูŠุจ visualize
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:31:39,360 --> 00:31:43,180
1599
+ it's hard to visualize this essentially based on
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:31:43,180 --> 00:31:48,640
1603
+ two dimensional elevation and suction it would be
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:54,600
1607
+ clearer if we had a three dimensional view as
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:31:54,600 --> 00:32:01,060
1611
+ either an oblique projection or an isometric
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:32:01,060 --> 00:32:07,100
1615
+ projection okay ููŠุฑูƒูˆุง ุฃูŠ ุชุณุงุคู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:32:07,100 --> 00:32:13,340
1619
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุจุฏุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุดูˆููƒู…
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:32:13,340 --> 00:32:16,920
1623
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠ ุจุณ ู„ุง ุชู†ุณูˆุด ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ communication
1624
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/hX5CWpY7Tbg.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1599 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,810 --> 00:00:26,970
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉุŒ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,970 --> 00:00:30,850
7
+ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู†ุงู†ููŠุฑุงุณ ู…ุชุงู„ูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:30,850 --> 00:00:40,870
11
+ ู†ุงู†ููŠุฑุงุณ ู…ุชุงู„ูŠุงุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุŒ ู…ุชุงู„ูŠุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:40,870 --> 00:00:42,050
15
+ with no iron
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:45,150 --> 00:00:49,050
19
+ ูˆูˆุจุณุงูŠุช ุงู„ู€ common nonferrous engineering metals.
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:49,170 --> 00:00:53,630
23
+ These websites extracts look at the engineering
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:53,630 --> 00:00:56,710
27
+ application of some nonferrous metals that is
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:56,710 --> 00:01:01,890
31
+ metal that do not contain iron ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:01,890 --> 00:01:09,890
35
+ ู…ู‚ุชุทูุฉ ู…ู† ุตูุญุงุช ูˆุจุณุงูŠุช ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ metals
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:09,890 --> 00:01:10,890
39
+ with no iron
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:19,920
43
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… is widely used often in alloy form ุฅูŠุด
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:25,900
47
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ in the
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:25,900 --> 00:01:32,760
51
+ form of alloy an example is chromium ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ ..
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:39,920
55
+ ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ .. ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:40,880 --> 00:01:47,820
59
+ ู…ู† ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:47,820 --> 00:01:47,960
63
+ ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:47,960 --> 00:01:51,180
67
+ ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:51,180 --> 00:01:55,600
71
+ ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:55,600 --> 00:02:05,420
75
+ ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏููˆุฑุงู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:05,420 --> 00:02:08,140
79
+ ุฏ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:20,000
83
+ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ 4.4 ูˆู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… 1.5
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:23,060
87
+ ุฃู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:23,060 --> 00:02:29,300
91
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏู…ุฌู‹ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู…
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:29,300 --> 00:02:31,920
95
+ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู…ุตุงุฑูŠู ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:35,670 --> 00:02:40,530
99
+ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ู…ูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูุถู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:40,530 --> 00:02:45,190
103
+ ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‚ุทุน ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:45,190 --> 00:02:50,010
107
+ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ู‚ุจุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:50,010 --> 00:02:56,450
111
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑู…ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ุฃุตูุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ูˆุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:56,450 --> 00:03:02,060
115
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ and sometimes lead ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชุทู„ุน
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:02,060 --> 00:03:07,420
119
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cover cover ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู†ุญุงุณ ู†ุญุงุณ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:07,420 --> 00:03:11,420
123
+ is an electrical conductor ุชุทู„ุน ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:11,420 --> 00:03:17,080
127
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:20,840
131
+ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุณ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุชุทู„ุน
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:26,690
135
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฎุท ุบุงุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุบุงุฒุŒ ุฃู†ุจูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุŒ ู…ุด
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:26,690 --> 00:03:30,650
139
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุจูŠุด ุงู„ุฌุฑุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจุนุถู‡ู…ุŒ ุญุงุทุท ุฎุท ุบุงุฒ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:30,650 --> 00:03:37,190
143
+ ุฎุท ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุŸ ู†ุญุงุณ ูˆู…ุบู„ูุŒ ุฏู‡ ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:37,190 --> 00:03:40,830
147
+ ุฅูŠุด .. ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ goodุŸ ductilityุŒ also make it
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:40,830 --> 00:03:44,090
151
+ suitable ุงู„ู€ duct ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุชุบู„ูŠูุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:44,090 --> 00:03:49,190
155
+ ูุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑุŒ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:49,190 --> 00:03:54,560
159
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:54,560 --> 00:03:58,480
163
+ ู„ู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุจุฑุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง central
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:58,480 --> 00:04:01,820
167
+ heating ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:01,820 --> 00:04:06,380
171
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู…ุงุก ุญุงู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุจูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู†ุงุจูŠุจ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:06,380 --> 00:04:11,060
175
+ ูˆุจูŠู„ููˆู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุญุงู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:11,060 --> 00:04:15,580
179
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุฏูุฆ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:15,580 --> 00:04:22,200
183
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ copper ู†ุญุงุณ Okay. Copper is
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:27,560
187
+ widely used in alloys notably brass. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ brassุŸ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:27,560 --> 00:04:34,280
191
+ ุฃูŠูˆู‡ ููŠ .. ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุชุดูˆููˆู‡ูˆุด ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ููŠ ุตูˆุงู†ูŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:34,280 --> 00:04:40,720
195
+ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู† ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณูŠุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุบู„ููˆู‡ุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:40,720 --> 00:04:44,560
199
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ brass ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ bronze ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:46,860
203
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ bronze ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:46,860 --> 00:04:53,320
207
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒูŠุฉ cover and tin ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฅูŠุด lead
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:53,320 --> 00:05:08,130
211
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉุŸ ุงู„ู€ tin .. ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุชู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุนุงุฏู†
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:08,130 --> 00:05:14,890
215
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุชุจุนูŠู† ุฒู…ุงู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:14,890 --> 00:05:20,190
219
+ ุงู„ุญุฏุงุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฏุงุฏูŠู† ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ .. ูƒู„ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงุฎุชูุช ู‡ุฐู‡
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:20,190 --> 00:05:24,370
223
+ ุงู„ุญุฏุงุฏ ูƒุงู† .. ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ oxygen ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ูƒูˆู‡
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:24,370 --> 00:05:32,330
227
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฏูŠุฑ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฏูŠุฑ ุจู„ุญู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏุงุฏ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:32,330 --> 00:05:36,430
231
+ ูˆุงู„ุนูŠู† ุจู„ุญู… ููŠู‡ ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:36,430 --> 00:05:42,250
235
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฏูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ lead
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:42,250 --> 00:05:49,930
239
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุณุงู…ุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู„ูˆ ูˆุฌุฏุช ููŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:49,930 --> 00:05:54,590
243
+ .. ููŠ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ ู‡ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:54,590 --> 00:06:00,460
247
+ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุตู„ุงุจุฉ ู„ู„ .. ู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:00,460 --> 00:06:04,580
251
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:04,580 --> 00:06:04,920
255
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:04,920 --> 00:06:05,220
259
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:05,220 --> 00:06:05,580
263
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:05,580 --> 00:06:09,160
267
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:09,160 --> 00:06:09,280
271
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:09,280 --> 00:06:18,800
275
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:18,800 --> 00:06:19,200
279
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:19,200 --> 00:06:19,980
283
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:19,980 --> 00:06:20,440
287
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:20,440 --> 00:06:20,520
291
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:20,840
295
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:20,840 --> 00:06:27,540
299
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงู„ูุถุฉ is ุทุงู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ precious .. precious
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:27,540 --> 00:06:33,980
303
+ metal ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ preciousุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุซู…ูŠู†ุฉ a
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:33,980 --> 00:06:37,500
307
+ reference to its high cost ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ..
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:37,500 --> 00:06:42,960
311
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ูˆุงู„ูุถุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:42,960 --> 00:06:46,520
315
+ ุงู„ุบุงู„ูŠุฉ it is a better electrical conductor than
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:50,440
319
+ any other material ู‡ูŠ ุฃุญุณู† ุดูŠุก ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:50,440 --> 00:06:54,320
323
+ ุจุณ ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุงุฌุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุกุŸ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:54,950 --> 00:06:58,730
327
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุณุนุฑ .. ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ู„ุฃู† ุณุนุฑู‡ู… ุบุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุญุฏุด
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:58,730 --> 00:07:03,170
331
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู…ุŒ so often .. it's often used for
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:03,170 --> 00:07:05,930
335
+ electronic connections
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:07,660 --> 00:07:11,260
339
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู ุงู„ุขู† another precious metal ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:11,260 --> 00:07:14,620
343
+ gold is also an excellent conductor ุจุณ ุจุชุดูˆู ุนุดุงู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:14,620 --> 00:07:19,760
347
+ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ gold ู„ุฃูŠ ุชูˆุตูŠู„ุฉ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ and is
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:19,760 --> 00:07:24,540
351
+ highly .. now is highly corrosion resistance ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:24,540 --> 00:07:31,180
355
+ ุดูุช ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ุจุชุงูƒู„ุŸ ุจุชุงูƒู„ุด ู†ุญุงุณ ุจูŠุตุฏุฃ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุฅู„ุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:31,180 --> 00:07:37,420
359
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ูู‡ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ูˆ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:37,420 --> 00:07:42,740
363
+ ุงู„ูุถุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุงูƒู„ุด ุจุณ ู…ุง ุญุฏุด ุจูŠุณุช๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฏู…ู‡ู… ู„ุฅู† precious
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:42,740 --> 00:07:48,940
367
+ metals ุชู…ู†ู‡ู… ุบุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง plating with
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:48,940 --> 00:07:54,240
371
+ non-ferrous metals ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ platingุŸ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:54,240 --> 00:07:57,740
375
+ ุชุตููŠุญ ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:57,740 --> 00:08:04,020
379
+ ุจู†ุฌู„ูู‡ุงุŒ ุจู†ุฏู‡ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุฃูˆ plating ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุฑุณุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:04,020 --> 00:08:09,200
383
+ ุญุงุฌุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู† .. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจู†ู…ู†ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฃูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตุฏุฃ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:13,240
387
+ nonferrous metal can be used to protect steel from
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:18,260
391
+ corrosion by plating it ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ู†ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:18,260 --> 00:08:22,260
395
+ ูˆุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุชุฃูƒู„ุด ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณูˆูŠุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุบู„ูู‡
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:23,410 --> 00:08:27,750
399
+ ุงู„ุขู† that is covering it with a layer of non-metal
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:27,750 --> 00:08:33,450
403
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุบู„ูู‡ ุจุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ุด .. metal ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุทู„ุน ุฅู† ุฅุญู†ุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:33,450 --> 00:08:38,130
407
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณูˆูŠุŸ ู„ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจู†ุฏู‡ู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:38,130 --> 00:08:42,050
411
+ platingุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ platingุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:42,050 --> 00:08:47,630
415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ an example is galvanization ..
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:47,630 --> 00:08:52,170
419
+ galvanizing ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุฌู„ูู†ุฉุŸ ู„ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…galvan
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:52,980 --> 00:08:58,840
423
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ galvanization ุฃู†ุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:58,840 --> 00:09:03,460
427
+ ุนุงู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุบุทูŠู‡ ุจุทุจู‚ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:03,460 --> 00:09:07,560
431
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ galvanization ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† manual ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:07,560 --> 00:09:12,620
435
+ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุดุบู„ ูˆุจุญุทู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุจุฌูŠุจ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ูˆุจ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:12,620 --> 00:09:16,260
439
+ .. ูˆุจุบุทู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุจุทู„ุญู‡ุง ุชู†ุดูุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:16,260 --> 00:09:21,590
443
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:21,590 --> 00:09:26,630
447
+ ุชุณูˆูŠ ููŠ ุฏู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุจูˆุงุจ ุฏู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ ุฏู‡ุงู† ุจูˆุงุจ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:26,630 --> 00:09:31,850
451
+ ุจู„ู…ุนุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ ุฏู‡ุงู† ุนุงุฏูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฃุจูˆ ู„ู…ุนุฉ ุงุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุฑ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:31,850 --> 00:09:36,170
455
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู…ุง .. ู…ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ูˆุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุถุฑุจ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:36,170 --> 00:09:40,750
459
+ ููŠู‡ ุตุนุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุตุจ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุงู† ุจุงู„ุตุจ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠูƒุจ ูˆ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:40,750 --> 00:09:45,130
463
+ ุจู‚ุนุฏ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฒู„ุฉ ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:45,130 --> 00:09:51,100
467
+ ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุตูŠุงู†ุฉ ุตุนุจุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูุงู„ู€ galvanization ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:51,100 --> 00:09:55,720
471
+ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ูŠุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุตุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฅูŠุดุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุทูŠู‡ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:55,720 --> 00:10:00,320
475
+ ููŠ ุดูŠุกุŒ ุชุบุฑู‚ูŠู‡ ูˆุชุทู„ุนูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ steel can be .. ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:00,320 --> 00:10:03,900
479
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ steel can be hot dip galvanized
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:03,900 --> 00:10:09,300
483
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุฌูŠ ู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุณุงุฎู†ุฉ ูˆุจุณุงุญุฉ ูˆุจู†ุฒู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:09,300 --> 00:10:13,260
487
+ ุจุทู„ุนู‡ุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:13,260 --> 00:10:18,620
491
+ galvanizationุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุณุงุฎู†ุฉ by placing in
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:18,620 --> 00:10:24,380
495
+ molten zinc ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ molten ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ liquid ุงู„ู€
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:24,380 --> 00:10:29,560
499
+ zinc ุณุงุฆู„ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฎู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูŠุด ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆู†
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:29,560 --> 00:10:33,820
503
+ ุงู„ู€ zinc ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงุฎู†ุฉ ูˆ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:33,820 --> 00:10:39,020
507
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุฒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุฃุทู„ุนู‡ it can also be electro
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:39,020 --> 00:10:43,580
511
+ galvanized ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ electro
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:43,580 --> 00:10:48,620
515
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ุงู„ุขู† which is the type
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:48,620 --> 00:10:52,160
519
+ of electroplating ุงู„ู€ electroplating ู‡ุงูŠ ุดุงูŠููŠู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:52,160 --> 00:10:55,900
523
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ metal being used for plating
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:55,900 --> 00:11:00,280
527
+ ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ู€ positive
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:00,280 --> 00:11:05,780
531
+ terminal ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ anode positive terminal
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:05,780 --> 00:11:10,580
535
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ anode ุฏุฎู„ุชูˆู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:10,580 --> 00:11:15,000
539
+ ูƒุงุชูˆุฏ ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ู€ steel component that being plated
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:20,220
543
+ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cathode ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:20,220 --> 00:11:25,740
547
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง electrolyte
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:25,740 --> 00:11:30,780
551
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู€ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:30,780 --> 00:11:34,140
555
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:34,140 --> 00:11:39,680
559
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุณุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏู‡ู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:39,680 --> 00:11:45,480
563
+ item ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ galvanization ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:49,760
567
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:49,760 --> 00:11:54,360
571
+ terminal ุงู„ู€ electricity which electroplating with
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:57,500
575
+ this technique the steel components is placed in a
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:57,500 --> 00:12:01,880
579
+ liquid often an acid ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ liquid ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญู…ุถ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:01,880 --> 00:12:06,880
583
+ okay called the electrolyte and connected to the
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:06,880 --> 00:12:11,410
587
+ negative terminal of the electrical supply to
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:11,410 --> 00:12:16,330
591
+ become the cathodeุŒ the negative sideุŒ ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆุฏ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:16,330 --> 00:12:23,390
595
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุนุงู„ ูƒู†ุช .. ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุชุŸ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:26,500 --> 00:12:31,460
599
+ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:31,460 --> 00:12:35,520
603
+ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ูŠุช ูˆู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:39,740
607
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูŠูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:39,740 --> 00:12:43,660
611
+ negative pipe ู…ุฌุฒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:43,660 --> 00:12:48,950
615
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูŠูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:48,950 --> 00:12:51,910
619
+ ุงู„ู€ positive terminal of the supply this then
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:51,910 --> 00:12:55,450
623
+ becomes the anode or the positive side an electric
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:55,450 --> 00:12:59,630
627
+ current then flows between the pieces of metal
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:59,630 --> 00:13:02,930
631
+ through the electrolyte this causes a chemical
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:02,930 --> 00:13:08,170
635
+ reaction ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Electric current causes
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:08,170 --> 00:13:12,350
639
+ a chemical reaction which deposits zinc on the
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:12,350 --> 00:13:14,830
643
+ cathode depleting the components ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:14,830 --> 00:13:20,530
647
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ anode ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:20,530 --> 00:13:24,870
651
+ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูˆ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:24,870 --> 00:13:28,170
655
+ ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:28,170 --> 00:13:33,330
659
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ู€ positive ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู€
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:33,330 --> 00:13:38,100
663
+ electrode ูˆ ุงู„ู€ negative ุฃูŠูˆุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:38,100 --> 00:13:42,140
667
+ terminal ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ negative ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ positive ion ุฅูŠุด
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:42,140 --> 00:13:46,580
671
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูˆุญุŸ ุจุฏู‡ุง get attracted ู„ู„ู€ negative ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:46,580 --> 00:13:51,380
675
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ูู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุฅู†ู‡
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:51,380 --> 00:13:57,420
679
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:57,420 --> 00:14:01,380
683
+ positive ion ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ zinc ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cathode ูˆ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:01,380 --> 00:14:06,380
687
+ ุจุชู„ุฒู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูุจุชุนู…ู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:06,380 --> 00:14:11,600
691
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง a related process
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:16,980
695
+ called anodizing is used to protect aluminum the
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:16,980 --> 00:14:20,760
699
+ components to be anodized is connected to the
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:24,460
703
+ positive terminal ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:24,460 --> 00:14:28,820
707
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ anodizing ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:28,820 --> 00:14:34,290
711
+ ู„ู„ุฃู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:34,290 --> 00:14:38,730
715
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู€ aluminum components
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:38,730 --> 00:14:42,490
719
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ cathode ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ bathing
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:42,490 --> 00:14:48,420
723
+ containing ุงู„ู€ electrolyte is connected to the
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:48,420 --> 00:14:51,780
727
+ positive terminal to become the anode and placed
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:51,780 --> 00:14:55,380
731
+ in the electrolyte with a cathode and electricity
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:55,380 --> 00:14:59,660
735
+ flow through the aluminum aluminum oxide is
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:59,660 --> 00:15:02,520
739
+ deposited on the anode ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุฐูƒุฑู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:02,520 --> 00:15:06,520
743
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุงุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ aluminum oxide
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:06,520 --> 00:15:12,620
747
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ rust ุงู„ู€ rust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุฏุฃ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:12,620 --> 00:15:18,050
751
+ ูุงู„ุตุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€ aluminum very hard ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ ุทุจู‚ุฉ protective
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:18,050 --> 00:15:23,550
755
+ ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุชู‡ุง ูุงู„ุบุฑุถ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:23,550 --> 00:15:27,990
759
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุตุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:27,990 --> 00:15:32,330
763
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญู…ูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง anodizing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:32,330 --> 00:15:35,270
767
+ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:35,270 --> 00:15:39,190
771
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:39,190 --> 00:15:46,230
775
+ ุฃู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ุตุฏุฃุŒ ุจุณ ุตุฏุฃ ..
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:46,230 --> 00:15:50,490
779
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชุญุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุตุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุฉุŒ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:50,490 --> 00:15:53,990
783
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุด .. ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠุด ูŠุชุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ูˆุชุญุชุŒ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:53,990 --> 00:15:59,000
787
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุตุฏุฃ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฌุดุฑ ุจูŠุฌุดุฑ ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:02,960
791
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุชู‡ ุชุตุฏุฃ ูˆุชุฌุดุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุชุฏูˆุจ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:02,960 --> 00:16:07,300
795
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูุงู„ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hard cover ูˆุจู†ุนู…ู„ ..
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:07,300 --> 00:16:11,500
799
+ ุฅุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธุชูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:11,500 --> 00:16:16,740
803
+ culture ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุงุŸ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุตุฏุฃ ุจุณ ุงู„ุตุฏุฃ ู‡ุฐุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:16,740 --> 00:16:23,280
807
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุณ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:23,280 --> 00:16:27,040
811
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุฏูˆุจุด ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:32,020
815
+ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:32,020 --> 00:16:36,820
819
+ ุงู„ุชุขูƒู„ ุจูŠุฎุฑุจ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:36,820 --> 00:16:41,540
823
+ and this is harder than aluminium metal it
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:41,540 --> 00:16:47,060
827
+ provides a protection ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู„ุงุญุธุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู†
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:47,060 --> 00:16:53,280
831
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุนู…ู„ protection ุงู„ุขู† ูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:53,280 --> 00:16:57,480
835
+ make the correct sentences using one from .. one
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:00,320
839
+ part from each column look at the opposite ุงู„ุขู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:05,220
843
+ ุงุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ุงุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:05,220 --> 00:17:08,940
847
+ is an aluminum alloy that are contained ..
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:08,940 --> 00:17:15,080
851
+ contains copper and magnesium ุงู„ุขู† ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุจุณ ู…ุด ููŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:15,080 --> 00:17:19,960
855
+ ุดุฌุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุดุฌุฑุชูŠู† ุงู„ุขู† titanium ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนู‡ุงุŸ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:23,180
859
+ can be mixed with copper while it resists
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:23,180 --> 00:17:27,580
863
+ corrosion better than the other metal brushes, has
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:27,580 --> 00:17:30,580
867
+ a high strength to weight ratio and is often
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:30,580 --> 00:17:31,460
871
+ alloyed with
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:40,280
875
+ with aluminium ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ูˆู„ุง with bronze
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:40,280 --> 00:17:44,900
879
+ ูˆู„ุง brass ูˆู„ุง silver ูุด ู„ู„ู€ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ aluminium ุงู„ุขู†
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:44,900 --> 00:17:50,180
883
+ zinc ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ can be mixed with copper to make
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:50,180 --> 00:17:57,420
887
+ ุงู„ู€ zinc ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ copper ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ brass ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุขู†
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:57,420 --> 00:18:01,860
891
+ copper can be mixed with tin and lead to produce
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:01,860 --> 00:18:08,340
895
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุงุฎุฏุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง tin and lead
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:08,340 --> 00:18:15,400
899
+ ุทูŠุจ gold resist corrosion better than other
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:15,400 --> 00:18:21,400
903
+ precious metals silver ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฃูุถู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู€
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:25,260
907
+ gold ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุจุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญูุธูŠู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:25,260 --> 00:18:30,520
911
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ุฒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:30,520 --> 00:18:35,300
915
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŸ tin and lead ุงู„ุจุฑุงุณ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:35,300 --> 00:18:41,380
919
+ copper and zinc ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:41,380 --> 00:18:46,240
923
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง .. ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง .. ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:46,240 --> 00:18:50,140
927
+ strength .. strong material ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ brushes metals
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:50,140 --> 00:18:55,960
931
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ูˆุงู„ูุถุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ the best
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:55,960 --> 00:18:59,540
935
+ conductor ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ best ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:59,540 --> 00:19:07,960
939
+ resistance for corrosion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† metals
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:07,960 --> 00:19:12,460
943
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ metalsุŸ ููŠ ุณุคุงู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:12,460 --> 00:19:13,100
947
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒุŸ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:15,750 --> 00:19:19,430
951
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ complete the word group below
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:19,430 --> 00:19:24,050
955
+ using the names of the metals in 13 one ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:24,050 --> 00:19:28,550
959
+ metal elements ูู„ู†ุถุนู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง alloys ูˆ precious ู…ุฑุถูˆ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:28,550 --> 00:19:35,410
963
+ .. ู…ุฑุถูˆ .. ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ metal alloys
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:35,410 --> 00:19:41,290
967
+ ูˆุจุฏู†ุง precious metals
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:43,560 --> 00:19:49,980
971
+ ู†ุฃุชูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฃุชูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:49,980 --> 00:20:00,920
975
+ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู…ุชุฑุŒ ุฒู†ูƒุŒ ู†ุญุงุณุŒ gold ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:07,580
979
+ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ a, b, cุŒ ู†ุตู†ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:07,580 --> 00:20:22,010
983
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุญุช ุฅูŠุดุŸ a, a, a, c ู‡ุฐู‡ C A ูˆ C ู‡ูŠ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ A
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:22,010 --> 00:20:34,810
987
+ ูˆ C Press B Aluminium Prunes Magnesium A ุฏู„ู‘ู‡ุง
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:34,810 --> 00:20:44,510
991
+ ุฏุฑู‘ุงู„ู‡ู… B ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฏู„ู‘ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ aluminum ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:44,510 --> 00:20:51,250
995
+ ู‡ู†ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ lead ูˆ zinc ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:51,250 --> 00:20:54,570
999
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:54,570 --> 00:20:59,890
1003
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง nonferrous ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุทู„ุน
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:59,890 --> 00:21:04,990
1007
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง nonferrous metals ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:04,990 --> 00:21:10,070
1011
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ alloys ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ B ูˆ ุงู„ู€ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:10,070 --> 00:21:13,790
1015
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ precious metals ูˆ ุงู„ู€ precious metals
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:13,790 --> 00:21:21,510
1019
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู€ gold ูˆ ุงู„ู€ silver ุทูŠุจ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:21,510 --> 00:21:33,730
1023
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุทูŠุจ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:33,730 --> 00:21:40,150
1027
+ metal elements ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง Complete the checklist
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:40,150 --> 00:21:44,830
1031
+ list for Electroplating using the words in the box
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:44,830 --> 00:21:49,190
1035
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Anode, Cathode, Electrolyte,
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:49,330 --> 00:21:53,710
1039
+ Electroplating, Galvanizing, Negative, Plated,
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:54,130 --> 00:21:59,610
1043
+ Positive Check that there is sufficient ุฅูŠุด in the
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:59,610 --> 00:22:04,930
1047
+ path to completely cover the components ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:04,930 --> 00:22:09,510
1051
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง plating ุฅูŠุด ุฃูˆู„
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:09,510 --> 00:22:14,570
1055
+ ุดุฑุท ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุจุชุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ acid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:14,570 --> 00:22:19,530
1059
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏุด ุจู†ุงู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ electrolyte
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:19,530 --> 00:22:24,470
1063
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ there is sufficient
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:24,470 --> 00:22:28,290
1067
+ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ in order to ensure that the
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:28,290 --> 00:22:32,510
1071
+ component will subsequently be ุฅูŠุด over its entire
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:32,510 --> 00:22:33,030
1075
+ surface
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:38,120 --> 00:22:43,580
1079
+ to be plated over its entirety ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:43,580 --> 00:22:50,640
1083
+ ุจุชุญุทู‡ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุบุทู‰ ูƒุงู…ู„ุงู‹ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ู…ู‡ุฏ ู…ุบุทูŠู‡
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:50,640 --> 00:22:55,500
1087
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุฏ ู…ุบุทูŠู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ensure that the
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:55,500 --> 00:23:02,260
1091
+ component is connected to the negative terminal
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:15,320
1095
+ ู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ of the electrical supply during
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:22,500
1099
+ the ุฅูŠุดุŸ electroplatingุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ four process the
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:22,500 --> 00:23:28,740
1103
+ component should function as negative ุจุฏุฑูˆุญ ู…ุนุงู‡
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:28,740 --> 00:23:34,440
1107
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒุงุชูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูŠู† ุฑุงุญู†ุง ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:40,600
1111
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงูƒุชุดู ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญ ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:49,000
1115
+ ุฒู†ูƒ 4 ู‡๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:53,340
1119
+ ุจุงู„ู€ positive
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:57,360 --> 00:24:01,460
1123
+ Terminal of the electrical supply during the
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:01,460 --> 00:24:05,280
1127
+ process it should be functioned as a node ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:11,180
1131
+ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู„ู…ุง ุชุญุท ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุดุงู ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุบู…
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:11,180 --> 00:24:15,820
1135
+ ุจุณุงุทุชู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจู„ุงุญุธ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชุญุท ุงู„ุณุฎู†ุฉ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:15,820 --> 00:24:20,280
1139
+ ุฏู„ู‘ูƒ ุนูˆุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุฏูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃุนูˆุฏูƒู… ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนุดุงู†
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:20,280 --> 00:24:20,800
1143
+ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:23,570 --> 00:24:30,530
1147
+ ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง copying ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:30,530 --> 00:24:35,110
1151
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ process of
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:35,110 --> 00:24:39,210
1155
+ electroplating ุงู„ู€ electroplating ุชุชุทู„ุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:39,210 --> 00:24:43,810
1159
+ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acid ุงู„ู€ electrolyte ุงู„ู€ acid
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:43,810 --> 00:24:47,590
1163
+ ู…ุด ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ electroplating ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:47,590 --> 00:24:53,090
1167
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุงุชูˆุฏ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:53,090 --> 00:24:59,930
1171
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุดุŸ anode ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ positive
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:59,930 --> 00:25:04,690
1175
+ terminal ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุตู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ negative terminal ุงู„ุขู†
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:04,690 --> 00:25:09,910
1179
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ acid ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:09,910 --> 00:25:15,710
1183
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ acid ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acidุŸ ู‡ูˆ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:15,710 --> 00:25:19,710
1187
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ electrolyte ุงู„ู€ electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:19,710 --> 00:25:27,530
1191
+ ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:27,530 --> 00:25:33,890
1195
+ ุฃุญุท ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ iron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:33,890 --> 00:25:39,150
1199
+ ุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู€ zinc ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู€
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:39,150 --> 00:25:43,310
1203
+ galvanization ู‡ุชุนู…ู„
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:48,230 --> 00:25:51,970
1207
+ Galvanizing ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠูˆู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:51,970 --> 00:25:56,130
1211
+ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ู„ู‡ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ positive
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:56,130 --> 00:26:03,430
1215
+ ุงูŠูˆู† ู‡ูŠุฏู„ูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุขู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:03,430 --> 00:26:07,670
1219
+ ู‡ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ุงู„ู€ positive ions ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ service
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:07,670 --> 00:26:12,080
1223
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชุฑุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ service ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:16,480
1227
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ galvanization ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Galvanุฉ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:16,480 --> 00:26:23,360
1231
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู†
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:23,360 --> 00:26:28,660
1235
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุงุŸ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:28,660 --> 00:26:31,880
1239
+ nonferrous metals ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:31,880 --> 00:26:36,940
1243
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ุฃู† ุนุฑูุช ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ nonferrous metalsุŸ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:38,300 --> 00:26:42,940
1247
+ metals that do not contain iron ุงู„ู€ ferrous metals
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:42,940 --> 00:26:50,020
1251
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. metals that contain iron
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:50,020 --> 00:27:00,760
1255
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ plating ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:00,760 --> 00:27:07,610
1259
+ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช a process to ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:07,610 --> 00:27:14,510
1263
+ a process to fight or resist corrosion ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:14,510 --> 00:27:19,530
1267
+ ุงู„ู€ plating a process to resist or to fight
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:19,530 --> 00:27:24,310
1271
+ corrosion ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ plating ุฒูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุก ู‡ูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:24,310 --> 00:27:31,710
1275
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุจุณ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู†ุทู„ุจ ุจูˆูŠุฉ ุจู†ุทู„ุจ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:31,710 --> 00:27:33,830
1279
+ nonferrous metals
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:45,650 --> 00:28:04,350
1283
+ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฑุฌุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ู†ุดูˆู
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:04,350 --> 00:28:07,570
1287
+ ุญุฏ ูŠู‚ุฑุฃุŒ ู…ุง ุญุฏุง ุจุฏู‡
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:30,350 --> 00:28:44,910
1291
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:44,910 --> 00:28:50,050
1295
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:50,050 --> 00:28:50,770
1299
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:50,770 --> 00:28:51,110
1303
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:51,110 --> 00:28:51,910
1307
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:51,910 --> 00:28:57,850
1311
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู† ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:57,850 --> 00:29:01,870
1315
+ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆู…ู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:29:05,550 --> 00:29:09,550
1319
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:29:09,550 --> 00:29:15,290
1323
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฎููŠู ุจุณ ุถุนูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:29:15,290 --> 00:29:18,770
1327
+ ุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชุนุฐูŠุจ ุฃู†ุช ุนุงูŠุฒ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:29:18,770 --> 00:29:23,910
1331
+ ู…ู†ู‡ ู„ู„ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช ูˆู„ุง ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุนุฑู ุชุชุนุฑุถ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:23,910 --> 00:29:30,620
1335
+ ู„ุธุฑูˆู ุตุนุจุฉ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุถุบุท ุฌูˆุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:30,620 --> 00:29:36,320
1339
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑู‚ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ..
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:36,320 --> 00:29:39,500
1343
+ ู„ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑู‚ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ crash landing ูŠู…ูƒู†
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:39,500 --> 00:29:43,880
1347
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ crash landing ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:43,880 --> 00:29:46,580
1351
+ ุธุฑูˆู ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ .. ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุด ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:46,580 --> 00:29:50,940
1355
+ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ .. ู‡ูŠ ุชุฒุญู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:50,940 --> 00:29:56,620
1359
+ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุถุนูŠู ุจุชุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:56,620 --> 00:30:02,500
1363
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูู‡ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:30:02,500 --> 00:30:09,900
1367
+ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ very strong light weight ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:30:09,900 --> 00:30:15,190
1371
+ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆุฎููŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ you can allow use in aircraft
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:30:15,190 --> 00:30:20,870
1375
+ manufacturing which also contain carbon 1.1% and
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:20,870 --> 00:30:26,970
1379
+ magnesium 1.5% and you can also be allowed with
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:26,970 --> 00:30:31,230
1383
+ titanium to produce natural light which you don't
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:37,990 --> 00:30:43,290
1387
+ which makes it ideal for you in electric wires
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:43,290 --> 00:30:47,870
1391
+ goes back .. back to the tree and also makes it
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:47,870 --> 00:30:52,290
1395
+ suitable for bio cover is biodegradable in alloys
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:52,290 --> 00:30:58,130
1399
+ and not in wood and clay and brass is copper and
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:58,130 --> 00:31:02,810
1403
+ zinc and bronze copper and tin and silicon and
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:31:02,810 --> 00:31:05,950
1407
+ zinc this bio is precious, precious
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:31:23,020 --> 00:31:28,100
1411
+ Okay ุงู„ุณุทุฑ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุณ ุจูŠูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:28,100 --> 00:31:32,440
1415
+ ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ gold is also an excellent conductor
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:32,440 --> 00:31:37,720
1419
+ ุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ plating ุชู‚ุฑุฃุŸ ูุถู„ุงู‹
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:31:54,270 --> 00:32:03,750
1423
+ Galvanization Galvanizing Galvanize
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:03,750 --> 00:32:11,050
1427
+ By placing it in molten liquid ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:11,050 --> 00:32:16,210
1431
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:32:16,210 --> 00:32:20,190
1435
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:32:20,190 --> 00:32:36,290
1439
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:32:41,690 --> 00:32:46,890
1443
+ ุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:46,890 --> 00:32:52,210
1447
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุดูˆู ุชุฑูุน ุงู„ู‚ู„ู… ุจู‚ู‰. ููŠ ุญุฏุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุชุŸ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:32:52,210 --> 00:32:54,310
1451
+ ุทูŠุจ ุชูุถู„ูŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:33:06,440 --> 00:33:14,920
1455
+ ูˆุงู„ูƒุชุฑู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:33:14,920 --> 00:33:22,900
1459
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:22,900 --> 00:33:24,420
1463
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:33:39,610 --> 00:33:46,890
1467
+ deposit ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด depositุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุญุท ุฏูุนุฉ ููŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:33:46,890 --> 00:33:53,870
1471
+ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุฏุงุน ุงู„ู€ deposit ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏุงุน
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:55,310 --> 00:33:59,350
1475
+ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:33:59,350 --> 00:34:06,790
1479
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุถุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฑูƒุฒู‡ุง ุฏูŠุจูˆุฒูŠุช ุฅูŠุฏุงุน ูู‡ูŠ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:34:06,790 --> 00:34:12,030
1483
+ ุฏูŠุจูˆุฒูŠุช ุฃู†ุช ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ which deposit zinc on the
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:34:12,030 --> 00:34:17,510
1487
+ cathode ู„ู…ุง ุฅูŠุด ุฏูŠุจูˆุฒูŠุช ุจุชุญุท ุจุชุฏุน ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ ..
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:34:17,510 --> 00:34:19,370
1491
+ ุงู„ู€ cathode ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:30,580
1495
+ ุฃุด ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุชุทู„ุน
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:30,580 --> 00:34:36,610
1499
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:36,610 --> 00:34:41,010
1503
+ ูƒู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุจู†ุญุจ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุงุญุฏุด ูŠูู‡ู…
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:41,010 --> 00:34:48,590
1507
+ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู‡ุง ููŠ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:48,590 --> 00:34:52,590
1511
+ .. ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ coding ุจู†ุญุจ ู†ุนู…ู„ coding
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:52,590 --> 00:34:56,910
1515
+ ู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุฃู†
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:34:56,910 --> 00:35:01,510
1519
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ู„ู†ุง ุดูŠุก ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:35:01,510 --> 00:35:07,970
1523
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฑุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู€ process called
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:07,970 --> 00:35:11,670
1527
+ anodizing is used to protect aluminium components
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:11,670 --> 00:35:14,550
1531
+ to be anodized is connected to the positive
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:14,550 --> 00:35:19,250
1535
+ terminal to become to become the anode and placed
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:19,250 --> 00:35:23,230
1539
+ in an electrolyte with a cathode as interesting
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:23,230 --> 00:35:28,590
1543
+ glass full of aluminium oxide is deposited on the
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:28,590 --> 00:35:34,860
1547
+ anode as this is harder than aluminium metal ุงู„
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:34,860 --> 00:35:39,240
1551
+ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:39,240 --> 00:35:45,680
1555
+ ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุญูุธูˆู‡ ุจุณุฑุนุฉุŸ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:45,680 --> 00:35:50,820
1559
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู„ุงุญุธูˆุด ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ุŸ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:35:50,820 --> 00:36:00,640
1563
+ ุทูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ..ู‡ู†ูˆุฒุน ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:05,580
1567
+ .. ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ .. ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ .. ู‡ุฐุง A
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:36:05,580 --> 00:36:11,120
1571
+ ูˆ B ููŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ A ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠูƒู… ู…ุด ูƒุงุชุจุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:36:11,120 --> 00:36:18,380
1575
+ ู‡ูŠุŸ ู…ุด ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฌุงูŠุจุฉ ุฌุงูŠุจุฉ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:18,380 --> 00:36:24,060
1579
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:24,060 --> 00:36:28,890
1583
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ answer ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุทู„ุนุช
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:28,890 --> 00:36:34,050
1587
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุธู…ู‰ ู…ุงุฎุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู€ choice ุฏูŠุŒ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:34,050 --> 00:36:37,030
1591
+ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ุŸ the dimension measured from the line
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:37,030 --> 00:36:40,050
1595
+ down the middle of the shipุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:40,050 --> 00:36:41,330
1599
+ central line
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/riuyYD8BWPA_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1580 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,870 --> 00:00:25,490
3
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ chapter
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,490 --> 00:00:30,030
7
+ 10 chapter 10 talks about measurable parameters
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:30,030 --> 00:00:37,290
11
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ parameters ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ supply, demand
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:37,290 --> 00:00:45,350
15
+ and capacity ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ supplyุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฏ ุงูˆ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:45,350 --> 00:00:50,310
19
+ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:51,150 --> 00:00:57,090
23
+ demand ุงู„ุทู„ุจ supply ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตุญ ููŠ ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:57,090 --> 00:01:04,750
27
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุจุชุนุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ูˆ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุญุงู†ุฉ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:04,750 --> 00:01:11,850
31
+ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ capacity ุงู„ุณุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ูุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:11,850 --> 00:01:19,860
35
+ demand supply demandcapacity ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:19,860 --> 00:01:27,120
39
+ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุชุนู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ูู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:29,940
43
+ ุงุญูƒูˆู„ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒู… interest ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:29,940 --> 00:01:33,580
47
+ calculating the capacity of an electricity grid
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:33,580 --> 00:01:39,500
51
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ electricity grid ุดุจูƒุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:40,710 --> 00:01:45,630
55
+ ู†ุญุณุจ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง capacity of electricity
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:45,630 --> 00:01:46,730
59
+ grid
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:49,480 --> 00:02:00,520
63
+ ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:02:00,520 --> 00:02:07,740
67
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชูˆูุฑู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ู‚ุฏ ุชุจุฏูˆ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:07,740 --> 00:02:11,980
71
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠู„ู„ุงุญุธุŸ ูู‚ุท ุงุถุงูุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ุชูŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:11,980 --> 00:02:15,500
75
+ ุชุชูˆูุฑู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฏู‰ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุนูŠู† ู„ุชุญูุธ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:15,500 --> 00:02:21,010
79
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู†ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญุณุจ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:21,010 --> 00:02:26,470
83
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุชุฒูˆูŠุฏู‡ุง ู„ู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:26,470 --> 00:02:30,930
87
+ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:30,930 --> 00:02:36,590
91
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู…ุด ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุตุญุŸ ุงูŠุด ููŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:36,590 --> 00:02:43,890
95
+ consumed ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ consumedุŸ ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ consumer ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:45,260 --> 00:02:49,700
99
+ then divide the cumulative amount of power used
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:49,700 --> 00:02:52,900
103
+ during the whole period by the number of hours in
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:52,900 --> 00:02:56,080
107
+ the period ู„ุงู†ุนุฑู ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุจู†ุญุณุจู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:56,080 --> 00:03:00,380
111
+ ูˆุจู†ุฌุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุนุงุช ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:00,380 --> 00:03:04,400
115
+ ุงู„ rate the
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:08,780
119
+ result is an average level of consumption per hour
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:08,780 --> 00:03:17,140
123
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุจุงู„ุณุงุนุฉู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:17,140 --> 00:03:22,120
127
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:22,120 --> 00:03:27,000
131
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุด ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:32,880
135
+ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุนุฏุฏ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุฃูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒู‡
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:32,880 --> 00:03:37,780
139
+ ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ุนูŠู† ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:37,780 --> 00:03:43,910
143
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู…ุด ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:43,910 --> 00:03:49,010
147
+ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:49,010 --> 00:03:56,170
151
+ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ peak hoursุŒ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑุŒ ุงู„ุนุตุฑุŒ ุฃูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒู…ุŸ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:56,170 --> 00:04:05,710
155
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุทูŠุจุŒ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:05,710 --> 00:04:12,260
159
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฏ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ life
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:12,260 --> 00:04:17,700
163
+ style ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:17,700 --> 00:04:23,060
167
+ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ ูุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูˆู‚ุช
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:23,060 --> 00:04:29,800
171
+ ุงู„ุบุฏ ุฃูˆ ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุนุดุงุกุจุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:29,800 --> 00:04:35,340
175
+ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุดุบุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุบุณุงู„ุฉ ุดุบุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุฌ ุบุณุงู„ุฉ ุดุบุงู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:35,340 --> 00:04:40,340
179
+ ููŠู‡ ูุฑู† ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดุบุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู‡ุฐู‡
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:40,340 --> 00:04:44,540
183
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃูุถุญ ุฅุดูŠ ููŠ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ููŠ ุฑู…ุถุงู† ูˆู‚ุชูŠุด ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:44,540 --> 00:04:51,220
187
+ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ู„ุจุนุฏ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:51,220 --> 00:04:55,780
191
+ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุณุงุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ peak hour ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ู…ุฉ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:56,610 --> 00:05:00,910
195
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ peak hour ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ูˆู‚ุช
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:00,910 --> 00:05:05,710
199
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู†ุงูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง off peak
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:05,710 --> 00:05:12,110
203
+ hour ูุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ peak hour ูˆ ุงู„ off peak hour ุทูŠุจ in
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:12,110 --> 00:05:17,690
207
+ other words consumption does not stay the same at
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:17,690 --> 00:05:21,490
211
+ the same level all the time ูุงู„ consumption ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุด
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:21,490 --> 00:05:27,280
215
+ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชSo electricity supply
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:27,280 --> 00:05:33,180
219
+ requirements cannot simply be
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:33,180 --> 00:05:37,260
223
+ averaged out over time ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ู‚ูˆู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:37,260 --> 00:05:44,300
227
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:44,300 --> 00:05:48,920
231
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชุฑุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:48,920 --> 00:05:52,970
235
+ ุงู„ worst case scenario ุตุญุŸุฃูŠุด ุงู„ worst case
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:52,970 --> 00:05:57,850
239
+ scenarioุŸ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู…ู…
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:57,850 --> 00:06:04,610
243
+ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุจุตู…ู…ู‡ุง ู„ุชุดุชุบู„ ุชุญุช ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุชุฒูˆุฏ ูƒู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:04,610 --> 00:06:08,810
247
+ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ุชุทููŠุด ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฏ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:08,810 --> 00:06:15,900
251
+ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒpeople use more power at certain
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:15,900 --> 00:06:18,920
255
+ times of the day and less power and less at the
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:18,920 --> 00:06:23,080
259
+ others which means the demand of the power
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:23,080 --> 00:06:27,900
263
+ fluctuates significantly ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ fluctuateุŸ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:27,900 --> 00:06:32,480
267
+ fluctuate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุชู‚ู„ุจ ู…ู† ุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุฅูŠุด
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:32,480 --> 00:06:37,880
271
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ ุจู†ุชุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง peaks ูˆ valley ูŠุนู†ูŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:48,410
275
+ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ peakูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ valley ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:48,410 --> 00:06:54,030
279
+ fluctuation ู…ู† low ู„ high ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ fluctuation
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:54,030 --> 00:06:57,850
283
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ fluctuate ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑูˆุญ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:57,850 --> 00:07:03,010
287
+ ู…ู† .. ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ peak demand ู‡ู†ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:03,010 --> 00:07:07,010
291
+ ุงู„ valley of peak demand ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:11,930 --> 00:07:15,630
295
+ fluctuates significantly generally it rises to a
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:15,630 --> 00:07:19,590
299
+ maximum in the evening peak demand at the evening
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:19,590 --> 00:07:24,630
303
+ meal times ุนุงุฏุฉ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง ุชุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู„ุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุงูƒู„ ุจุฏู‡ุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:24,630 --> 00:07:28,710
307
+ ุชู‚ุนุฏ ุชุชูุฑุฌ ุชู„ูุฒูŠูˆู† ุชุชูุฑุฌ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจุชุฌู…ุน ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:28,710 --> 00:07:33,110
311
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดุบุงู„ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุดุบุงู„ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:33,110 --> 00:07:40,120
315
+ ุงู„ peak demandูˆ ูŠู‚ู ููŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ููŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:40,120 --> 00:07:44,080
319
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุงุฆู…ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:44,080 --> 00:07:47,420
323
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณูˆุง ุงุญู†ุงุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ุตุงุฑู„ู†ุง ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:47,420 --> 00:07:51,560
327
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจุชุดุบู„ูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู†
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:54,740 --> 00:08:00,540
331
+ ุชุดุบู‘ู„ ู…ูˆุงุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ุŒ ุชุดุบู‘ู„ ุงู„ุบุณู‘ุงู„ุฉุŒ ุชุดุบู‘ู„ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู‡ุŒ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:00,540 --> 00:08:04,620
335
+ ุชุดุบู‘ู„ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฃุชูˆุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:04,620 --> 00:08:09,860
339
+ ูˆูŠุฎุจุฑูˆู†ู†ุง ุจุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุณู„ุทุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุบุฒุฉ 400
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:09,860 --> 00:08:14,220
343
+ ู…ูŠุฌุง ุจูŠุฌู‡ุฒ ุงู„ 500 ุจูŠุฑุชุฑุจู‡ุง ุฑู‚ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:14,220 --> 00:08:17,400
347
+ ูŠุฌู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ demand ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:17,400 --> 00:08:21,640
351
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ maximumุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุชุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุงุฃูˆ ูƒูˆูŠุณ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:21,640 --> 00:08:26,600
355
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุณ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ูŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:26,600 --> 00:08:30,980
359
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุจุชุดุบู„ ูุจุชุนุทูŠุด ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:30,980 --> 00:08:37,980
363
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ peak times ูˆ ุงู„ off peak
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:37,980 --> 00:08:44,020
367
+ times ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฉ ูˆ ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:45,420 --> 00:08:49,200
371
+ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฏู†ู‰ clearly the grid needs to have
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:49,200 --> 00:08:53,100
375
+ sufficient capacity to meet the demand ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:53,100 --> 00:08:57,980
379
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ blackout ุฅูŠุด
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:57,980 --> 00:09:04,360
383
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ blackout ุงู†ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง blackout
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:04,360 --> 00:09:07,900
387
+ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ so we don't have a blackout
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:07,900 --> 00:09:13,940
391
+ period the grid must meetMust have sufficient
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:13,940 --> 00:09:18,820
395
+ capacity to meet the demandsุนู†ุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ peaks
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:18,820 --> 00:09:23,700
399
+ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ peak ู‚ุตูŠุฑู‹ุง ุŒ ูุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ูู‚ุท ุณูŠุฑุญู„ ุฅู„ู‰
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:23,700 --> 00:09:31,520
403
+ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุชู‡ ุฃูˆ ูŠุบู„ู‚ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุชู‡ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ูƒู„ ุฃูŠุงู… ุนุงุฏุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:31,520 --> 00:09:35,960
407
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ peak demand ู„ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูุชุฑุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:35,960 --> 00:09:41,740
411
+ ูˆุฌูŠุฒุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุงุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ุฉ ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุณ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:41,740 --> 00:09:49,500
415
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ will run at maximum capability
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:49,500 --> 00:09:54,940
419
+ close to its capacity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู„ู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:54,940 --> 00:09:58,540
423
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง okay
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:00,340 --> 00:10:04,240
427
+ for a few moments each day ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุญุธุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูƒู„
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:04,240 --> 00:10:08,480
431
+ ูŠูˆู… this means most of the time it has significant
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:08,480 --> 00:10:13,480
435
+ spare capacity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงุญุชูŠุงุท spare
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:13,480 --> 00:10:17,560
439
+ capacity ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูŠุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:17,560 --> 00:10:28,020
443
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒุฉ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุน ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุขู†
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:28,020 --> 00:10:34,800
447
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸุงูŠูˆุฉ solar ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก B
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:34,800 --> 00:10:41,400
451
+ input output and efficiency ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ inputุŸ ูˆ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:41,400 --> 00:10:51,060
455
+ outputุŸ ูˆ efficiencyุŸ ุงู„ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุงู„ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุงู„ูƒูุงุกุฉPower
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:51,060 --> 00:10:55,080
459
+ lines and transformers are relatively inefficient,
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:55,760 --> 00:11:00,720
463
+ wasting energy mainly by giving off heat ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:00,720 --> 00:11:06,420
467
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุญูˆู„ุงุช ู…ุด ุฏุงุช ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:06,420 --> 00:11:11,440
471
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนุฏ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:17,580
475
+ waste of energy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุญุฏุด
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:17,580 --> 00:11:24,650
479
+ ุจูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู† ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:24,650 --> 00:11:27,270
483
+ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:27,270 --> 00:11:33,070
487
+ ูˆุฅุฎุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:33,070 --> 00:11:38,470
491
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงูˆ ุจุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ุดุจูƒุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:38,470 --> 00:11:43,490
495
+ ุงุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฃู‡ูŠู„ ุงู„ transformers ุจุฏู‡ุง ุงุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุณุจุจ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:43,490 --> 00:11:48,240
499
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุชู†ุฒู„ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:48,240 --> 00:11:53,500
503
+ ุงู„ู€typical ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ูู‡ู†ุง one typical grade
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:53,500 --> 00:11:57,000
507
+ the difference between input and output is about 7
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:02,800
511
+ % there is a 7% energy loss ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชุทู„ุน
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:02,800 --> 00:12:08,240
515
+ ุฅู† ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 15% ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:08,240 --> 00:12:16,570
519
+ typical ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ it's around 7% ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง 15%ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุถุนู
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:16,570 --> 00:12:21,110
523
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุถุนู ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ููŠ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:21,110 --> 00:12:25,810
527
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ line ุณุงุจุนุชู†ุง ุงู„ power lines
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:25,810 --> 00:12:32,390
531
+ need to be replaced and ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชุชูˆูุฑู†ุง ุฌุฒุก ุงู„
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:32,390 --> 00:12:37,190
535
+ transformers need to be replaced ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ููŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:37,190 --> 00:12:41,910
539
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ black losses ุงูŠุด black lossesุŸ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:44,710 --> 00:12:49,850
543
+ ุงู„ black losses ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุฑู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงุณู… ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:49,850 --> 00:12:55,990
547
+ black ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุญุงุฌุฉุŸ ู…ุด ุนุงุฏุฉุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:55,990 --> 00:13:02,450
551
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:02,450 --> 00:13:06,910
555
+ ุงู„ุทุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฌู…ูŠู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู… ุชุฌู…ูŠู„ู‡ุง ูˆู„ู…
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:06,910 --> 00:13:10,450
559
+ ูŠุชู… ุชูˆุตูŠู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:10,450 --> 00:13:12,910
563
+ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:12,910 --> 00:13:13,010
567
+ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:13,010 --> 00:13:13,150
571
+ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:13,150 --> 00:13:14,990
575
+ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:14,990 --> 00:13:21,230
579
+ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:21,230 --> 00:13:26,190
583
+ ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:26,190 --> 00:13:31,650
587
+ ุทูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ losses ููŠ ุงู„ู€ transmission line ุฃูˆ ููŠ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:31,650 --> 00:13:36,690
591
+ ุงู„ distribution lines ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ transformer ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:36,690 --> 00:13:43,610
595
+ ุจุชู‚ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ 7% ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฑูˆุญุด ู…ู†ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:43,610 --> 00:13:48,930
599
+ Consequently ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ locally produced electricity
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:48,930 --> 00:13:53,550
603
+ is more efficient than grid supplied power ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:53,550 --> 00:14:00,800
607
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉ ู…ุญู„ูŠุงุฃูƒุชุฑ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ุฉ ุนุจุฑ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:08,340
611
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ As there is a gain in efficiency of around
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:08,340 --> 00:14:12,500
615
+ 70% ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ seven percent ุงู„ู„ูŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:12,500 --> 00:14:17,220
619
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ losses ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณุชุฑุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:19,730 --> 00:14:23,290
623
+ One way to produce power locally is with
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:23,290 --> 00:14:31,930
627
+ photovoltaic cells ุจูŠ ููŠุฒ ุจูŠ ููŠุฒ ู‡ุฏู‰ photovoltaic
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:31,930 --> 00:14:36,550
631
+ cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ often called
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:36,550 --> 00:14:40,250
635
+ solar panels ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:42,390 --> 00:14:46,190
639
+ However, many PV installations are still connected
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:46,190 --> 00:14:50,410
643
+ to the electricity grid ุจุฑุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุงุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฅุญู†ุง
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:50,410 --> 00:14:54,710
647
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ู†ุดุชุบู„ุŒ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉุŒ ููŠ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:54,710 --> 00:14:58,230
651
+ ุจุฑุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุนุธู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒุฉ ุนู„ู‰
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:58,230 --> 00:15:03,570
655
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจูŠุบุถูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:03,570 --> 00:15:08,770
659
+ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุฏูˆุจู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุชุณูˆูŠุŸ ุชูƒููŠ ุฃู‡ู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:08,770 --> 00:15:13,370
663
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุฃุญู†ุง ุจุญุทู‡ุง ูƒุจุฏูŠู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ luxuryุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:13,370 --> 00:15:19,230
667
+ luxuryุŸ ุฑูุงู‡ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุฃุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง necessityุŒ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:19,230 --> 00:15:23,790
671
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:23,790 --> 00:15:28,170
675
+ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ this means that when there is surplus powerุŒ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:28,170 --> 00:15:32,900
679
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ surplusุŸelectricity is being produced by
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:32,900 --> 00:15:36,420
683
+ the solar panel faster than it is needed in the
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:36,420 --> 00:15:41,140
687
+ home ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:41,140 --> 00:15:48,020
691
+ ุจุณุชู‡ู„ูƒู‡ุง surplus ูุงุฆุถ ูุงุฆุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:48,020 --> 00:15:53,020
695
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุจู†ุชุฌ ุจุณ ุจุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:53,020 --> 00:15:53,800
699
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ surplus
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:56,570 --> 00:16:00,250
703
+ it is fed into the grid ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:00,250 --> 00:16:04,890
707
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ if consumption exceeds production ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:04,890 --> 00:16:12,290
711
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ุง exceed ุงูƒุชุฑ ูŠุง ุฒูŠุฏ ูŠุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:12,290 --> 00:16:17,730
715
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุงุฌุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:17,730 --> 00:16:21,270
719
+ ุฃุณุฑุน ู…ู† ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุฃู† ูŠุฏูุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:21,270 --> 00:16:23,590
723
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:31,910 --> 00:16:36,010
727
+ Homes with low consumption may therefore be net
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:36,010 --> 00:16:40,410
731
+ producers of power Producing more electricity than
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:40,410 --> 00:16:47,490
735
+ they can consume ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ net ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงููŠ ูุนู†ุฏ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:47,490 --> 00:16:51,230
739
+ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุง ุจุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:51,230 --> 00:16:57,310
743
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุฒูˆุฏุฉ net producer of power
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:00,620 --> 00:17:05,460
747
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ grid ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:05,460 --> 00:17:11,460
751
+ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ net ุจุฑุถู‡ ุดุจูƒุฉ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุฒูˆุบ net producers ูˆ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:11,460 --> 00:17:16,180
755
+ net ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุงููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุถูŠู ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:16,180 --> 00:17:19,880
759
+ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง net ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:19,880 --> 00:17:26,400
763
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:26,400 --> 00:17:33,460
767
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด surplus ู‡ุงexceed ูˆ net inefficient input
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:33,460 --> 00:17:40,460
771
+ output loss efficient gain efficiency fluctuate
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:40,460 --> 00:17:46,180
775
+ average out peak demand ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ peak times ูˆ off
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:46,180 --> 00:17:53,020
779
+ peak capacity ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง cumulative
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:54,630 --> 00:17:57,770
783
+ consumption, average, rate, constant ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:57,770 --> 00:18:03,370
787
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุฑู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูุถู„ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:03,370 --> 00:18:08,230
791
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ cumulative grade average ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ ููŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:08,230 --> 00:18:12,910
795
+ ูƒุดู ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:18:12,910 --> 00:18:17,790
799
+ ู„ุญูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุชุจุนูƒ ููŠู‡ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูุตู„ุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุฉ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:17,790 --> 00:18:21,530
803
+ cumulative ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุฉ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ุช ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฌูŠุจ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:18:21,530 --> 00:18:23,250
807
+ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุฅู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:29,130 --> 00:18:32,890
811
+ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ losses ููŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:18:32,890 --> 00:18:37,050
815
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:18:37,050 --> 00:18:40,650
819
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ losses ููŠ ุงู„ power lines ุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:40,650 --> 00:18:45,550
823
+ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุทู„ุนุช
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:45,550 --> 00:18:50,250
827
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ูุงู‚ุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:52,550 --> 00:18:58,990
831
+ ุฃุฎุฐุช ุจุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ู€ inductance ูˆุงู„ู€
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:58,990 --> 00:19:05,150
835
+ capacitance ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฎุท ูŠู…ุซู„ ุจุชู„ุช ุดุบู„ุงุช ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ูˆ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:19:05,150 --> 00:19:10,580
839
+ capacitorุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูƒุชู ูˆ Inductor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู„ู ูƒู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:19:10,580 --> 00:19:15,520
843
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:19:15,520 --> 00:19:19,880
847
+ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฏ ุนุงู„ูŠ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:26,120
851
+ ูˆุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ power ุฃูŠุด ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ููŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:19:26,120 --> 00:19:32,820
855
+ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ุฌู‡ุฏ .. ุฌู‡ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆุทูŠุงุฑ ุนุงู„ูŠ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:19:32,820 --> 00:19:37,980
859
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูุงู‚ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆู„ ูˆ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:37,980 --> 00:19:43,020
863
+ ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ููŠู‡
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:43,020 --> 00:19:48,280
867
+ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆ ุฃุฌูŠ ุฌู†ุจ ุฃูŠ ู…ุญูˆู„ ุจูŠุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุณุฎูˆู†ุฉ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:51,860
871
+ ููŠู‡ ุฃุฎุฒูˆู‚ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุงูˆุญ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:51,860 --> 00:19:58,380
875
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูˆุญ ู„ูŠุดุŸุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูุฅูŠุด
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:58,380 --> 00:20:03,620
879
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:20:03,620 --> 00:20:07,060
883
+ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:20:07,060 --> 00:20:12,400
887
+ ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ motor ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุบู„ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุญู„ูŠุŒ ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:20:12,400 --> 00:20:18,820
891
+ ุจุจุทู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎุทูˆุท ู„ู„ู†ู‚ู„ุŒ ุชูู‚ุฏ ูˆููŠุด ู…ุญูˆู„ุงุชุงู†ุช
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:20:18,820 --> 00:20:24,260
895
+ ู„ุงุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุชุทู„ุน ุงุตู„ุง ุงู„ mature ุงู„ุตุงููŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:20:24,260 --> 00:20:28,060
899
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‚ุฏุงุดุฉุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:20:28,060 --> 00:20:31,140
903
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู†ุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ููŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:20:31,140 --> 00:20:36,370
907
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉูููŠ ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฒุงุฏ ูุงู‚ุฏ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:20:36,370 --> 00:20:40,990
911
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุทูˆุท ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ุตุงุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:40,990 --> 00:20:47,050
915
+ ุงุดูŠู„ ุงู„ูุงู‚ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:47,050 --> 00:20:51,870
919
+ ุจูƒุณุจู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ more efficient system ุนุฑูุชูŠ ุงูŠุด ูƒูŠู
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:51,870 --> 00:20:56,790
923
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงูŠ ุชุณุงุคู„ ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ุทูŠุจ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:21:02,030 --> 00:21:07,230
927
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ exercise 10.1 ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูƒู„ู…ุŸ an engineer
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:21:07,230 --> 00:21:11,050
931
+ is talking to a colleague about the design of a
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:21:11,050 --> 00:21:16,550
935
+ fuel tank for a water pump ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ colleagueุŸ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:21:16,550 --> 00:21:24,030
939
+ ุฒู…ูŠู„ fuel tank for a water pump ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ fuel
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:21:24,030 --> 00:21:32,520
943
+ tankุŸ ุจุฑู…ูŠู„ ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ fuel ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸู…ุถุฎู‘ุท ู…ูŠู‘ู‡
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:21:32,520 --> 00:21:39,300
947
+ complete the explanation using the words in the
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:21:39,300 --> 00:21:44,180
951
+ box ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… .. ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู„ู†ุณูˆูŠ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:21:44,180 --> 00:21:48,880
955
+ fuel ุงูŠุด for the engine this engine is about one
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:53,680
959
+ point five liters per hour ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:58,380
963
+ fuel capacity consumption
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:59,620 --> 00:22:04,800
967
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุชุจุน ุงู„ fuel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุชุฑ ูˆ ู†ุต ุชุจุน ุงู„
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:22:04,800 --> 00:22:11,560
971
+ motor ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ high consumption ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง okay of
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:22:11,560 --> 00:22:19,300
975
+ course sometimes it is a bit more it consumes ..
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:22:19,300 --> 00:22:20,960
979
+ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ consume
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:22:24,580 --> 00:22:29,760
983
+ Okay it consumes about a bit more sometimes a bit
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:22:29,760 --> 00:22:36,660
987
+ less depending on the workload but one point five
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:22:36,660 --> 00:22:44,460
991
+ is ุงูŠุด n figure average ุญุฏ ู…ุญุท n ุณู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:22:44,460 --> 00:22:51,240
995
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุธุจุท ู…ุน ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ average and
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:51,240 --> 00:22:58,110
999
+ let's say thatof a work shift is eight hoursุŒ ุฅูŠุด
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:58,110 --> 00:23:04,830
1003
+ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุงู„ durationุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉุŒ ู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ shift
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:23:04,830 --> 00:23:10,210
1007
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ุจุชุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ shiftุŸ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:23:10,210 --> 00:23:13,930
1011
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ shiftุŸ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:23:18,620 --> 00:23:22,620
1015
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุญุฏ ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุจูƒุฑุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:23:22,620 --> 00:23:26,480
1019
+ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ู…ุซู„ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:32,020
1023
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุธู ู„ู‡ ุณุงุนุงุช ุนู…ู„ ุณุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:23:32,020 --> 00:23:35,540
1027
+ ู…ู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ three shift ุชู…ุงู†
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:23:35,540 --> 00:23:39,700
1031
+ ุณุงุนุงุช ุชู…ุงู† ุณุงุนุงุช ุงูˆ four shift ุณุช ุณุงุนุงุช ุณุช ุณุงุนุงุช
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:23:39,700 --> 00:23:43,800
1035
+ ุงูˆ two shift ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ motor
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:49,430
1039
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูŠุญ ู ุงู„ shift ุชุจุน ุงู„ motor ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุฏู‡ุŸุชู…ู†
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:49,430 --> 00:23:55,570
1043
+ ุณุงุนุงุช ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฑูŠุญ ูŠุฒูˆุฏูˆู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ูู‡ูˆ eight
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:55,570 --> 00:24:01,250
1047
+ hours per day the duration the mop will have to be
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:24:01,250 --> 00:24:07,850
1051
+ stopped occasionally to clean the intake filter so
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:24:07,850 --> 00:24:13,490
1055
+ it won't be eight hours of ash runningconstant
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:24:13,490 --> 00:24:17,690
1059
+ running ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงู† ุงู„
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:24:17,690 --> 00:24:21,730
1063
+ motor ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุด ุดุบุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจูˆู‚ูู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ ูŠู†ุถููˆุง ุงู„
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:24:21,730 --> 00:24:28,310
1067
+ filter ุชุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ุงูˆ ู„ุฃูŠ ุณุจุจ ุงุฎุฑ ูู‡ูˆ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:24:28,310 --> 00:24:31,710
1071
+ ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุด ุดุบุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ it does not have eight hours
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:24:31,710 --> 00:24:35,150
1075
+ of constant running but we will say eight hours to
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:24:35,150 --> 00:24:39,690
1079
+ be on the safe side so eight hours of running at
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:24:39,690 --> 00:24:46,960
1083
+ ุงูŠุดof one point four ุงู„ุงุด ุนู†ุฏู‰ rate ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:46,960 --> 00:24:53,400
1087
+ ุจู…ุนุฏู„ rate one
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:59,860
1091
+ point five liters per hour gives sufficient fuel
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:59,860 --> 00:25:06,060
1095
+ autonomy gives twelve liters of
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:25:08,810 --> 00:25:18,690
1099
+ consumption ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ cumulative ุทูŠุจ ุฏู‡ ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:25:18,690 --> 00:25:24,730
1103
+ of cumulative consumption over shift so if we want
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:25:24,730 --> 00:25:30,390
1107
+ the pump to have sufficient fuel autonomy ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:25:30,390 --> 00:25:32,430
1111
+ sufficient fuel autonomyุŸ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:25:35,240 --> 00:25:41,500
1115
+ Sufficient Fuel Autonomy Autonomy ุฃูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:25:41,500 --> 00:25:49,680
1119
+ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŸ Autonomy ุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ููŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:25:49,680 --> 00:25:56,320
1123
+ ุงู„ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ Autonomous Area ุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงู„ูŠุฉ Autonomous
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:25:56,320 --> 00:26:01,760
1127
+ Fuel ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ ูƒู๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุกุฉ ูˆุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:26:01,760 --> 00:26:08,450
1131
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒููˆุกof eight-hour shift ุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด of the
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:26:08,450 --> 00:26:12,810
1135
+ high the capacity of the fuel tank needs to be
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:26:12,810 --> 00:26:17,730
1139
+ twelve liters minimum ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจุณู‡ู„ูƒ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:26:17,730 --> 00:26:23,250
1143
+ ู„ุชุฑ ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูˆ ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงูŠ ุงุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ุงุฒู…
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:26:23,250 --> 00:26:28,970
1147
+ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ tank ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ู„ุชุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุญุณุจุฉ ุณู‡ู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:26:28,970 --> 00:26:30,130
1151
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู…
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:26:41,490 --> 00:26:46,570
1155
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุฅูŠุด
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:26:46,570 --> 00:26:51,310
1159
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ graph ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ graph ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:26:51,310 --> 00:26:56,710
1163
+ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ graph below shows water consumption in a
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:26:56,710 --> 00:27:00,810
1167
+ washing process at a manufacturing plant write
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:27:00,810 --> 00:27:05,150
1171
+ figures to complete the comments ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:27:05,150 --> 00:27:11,850
1175
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ water consumption ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ููŠููŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:27:11,850 --> 00:27:16,750
1179
+ washing process ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุบุณู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุนุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:27:16,750 --> 00:27:20,470
1183
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ู„ูŠุบุณู„ ุงู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:27:20,470 --> 00:27:25,830
1187
+ product ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุŸ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:27:25,830 --> 00:27:31,990
1191
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ averageุŒ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุฎุทู‡ุงู‡ู†ุง off peak
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:27:31,990 --> 00:27:37,950
1195
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ off peakุŸ one ุงู„ peak
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:27:37,950 --> 00:27:42,790
1199
+ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ capacity ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ maximum capacity
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:27:42,790 --> 00:27:49,490
1203
+ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุชุณุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงู† water
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:27:49,490 --> 00:27:54,570
1207
+ consumption fluctuate between ุงูŠุด ูˆ ุงูŠุด? liter per
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:27:54,570 --> 00:28:01,340
1211
+ second ุงู„ minimum ุนู†ุฏูŠ oneุงู„ู€ maximum seven ูู‡ูˆ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:28:01,340 --> 00:28:06,080
1215
+ ุจุฑูˆุญ from one to seven ุงูˆ between one and seven
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:28:06,080 --> 00:28:10,240
1219
+ liter per second average out over the period shown
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:13,960
1223
+ consumption was roughly liter per second ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุงู„
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:28:13,960 --> 00:28:20,520
1227
+ averageุŸ four ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง consumption peak at a
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:28:20,520 --> 00:28:27,460
1231
+ rate of ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุงู„ peak ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ุงู„ peak seven liters
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:28:27,460 --> 00:28:32,370
1235
+ per secondุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุชุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŒ ููŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:28:32,370 --> 00:28:38,770
1239
+ ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู„ุชุฑ ุจุฑ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŸ 9
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:28:38,770 --> 00:28:43,590
1243
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ maximum supply ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ full
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:28:43,590 --> 00:28:48,030
1247
+ capacity ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ peakุŒ ูุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:28:48,030 --> 00:28:52,930
1251
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ุฎุตุตุฉ ู„ุชุฑ ุจุฑ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู… ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:28:52,930 --> 00:28:54,550
1255
+ peak ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉุŸ 2
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:28:58,090 --> 00:29:02,790
1259
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงุชูˆู‚ุน ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฒูŠู‡ุง
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:29:02,790 --> 00:29:08,270
1263
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู†ุง ุญุงุทุท ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:29:08,270 --> 00:29:14,510
1267
+ helpful capacity ู‡ุงูŠ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:29:14,510 --> 00:29:26,310
1271
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ average ู‡ุงูŠ off peak ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุงูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:29:26,310 --> 00:29:33,240
1275
+ ุงู„ peakุงู„ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ peak ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุณู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ minimum ู‡ู†ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:29:33,240 --> 00:29:41,740
1279
+ ุงู„ average ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ spare ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุท ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ูŠุชู‡
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:29:41,740 --> 00:29:48,980
1283
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุฑุณู…ุฉ ู†ูุณ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:29:48,980 --> 00:29:56,560
1287
+ ุงู„ valley ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:29:56,560 --> 00:29:57,080
1291
+ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:30:00,680 --> 00:30:05,160
1295
+ ุทูŠุจ choose the correct word from the brackets to
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:30:05,160 --> 00:30:09,280
1299
+ complete explanation from a guided tour of a
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:30:09,280 --> 00:30:15,180
1303
+ manufacturing plant ู‡ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุตู†ุน .. ู‡ุงูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:30:15,180 --> 00:30:19,700
1307
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† a lot of heat is generated in this
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:30:19,700 --> 00:30:23,320
1311
+ part of the process ุงูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุงู†ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:30:23,320 --> 00:30:28,260
1315
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน a lot of heat is
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:30:28,260 --> 00:30:37,630
1319
+ generatedูˆ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู†ุจูˆุช ูˆ ุงุฎุฑ ุงู†ุจูˆุช ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:30:37,630 --> 00:30:42,030
1323
+ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุตุญ ุงู„
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:30:42,030 --> 00:30:46,870
1327
+ output ูุงู„ output ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ูุงู‚ุฏ ูุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:30:46,870 --> 00:30:51,630
1331
+ recycling ุนุดุงู† ุงูŠุด ุงุณุชุบู„ู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:30:51,630 --> 00:30:56,250
1335
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดุบู„ู‡ ู…ูˆู„ุฏูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุชุนุฑู ู…ุญุทุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:30:56,250 --> 00:31:00,810
1339
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุจุชุจุนุชู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง four engines ุงูˆ four turbines
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:31:01,680 --> 00:31:05,360
1343
+ ุงู„ู€ four ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:09,520
1347
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ .. ุจุทู„ุน ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุจูŠุณุชุบู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:31:09,520 --> 00:31:14,060
1351
+ ู„ูŠุนู…ู„ generation ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฏุนู… ุทุจุนุง fuel .. ุดูˆูŠุฉ fuel
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:31:14,060 --> 00:31:18,680
1355
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ generation ุชุงู†ู‰ ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ full capacity ุงู„ู„ู‰
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:23,730
1359
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ูู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ output is recycled it
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:31:23,730 --> 00:31:28,710
1363
+ provides supply ูˆู„ุง demandุŸ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ output
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:31:28,710 --> 00:31:32,950
1367
+ ูˆ ุจุณุชุบู„ู‡ ุจุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ supply of heat for the next
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:31:32,950 --> 00:31:37,930
1371
+ stage of the process so it's quite an efficient or
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:31:37,930 --> 00:31:41,810
1375
+ inefficient systemุŸ efficient efficient ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:31:41,810 --> 00:31:45,790
1379
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŒ ุงู„ output ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:31:45,790 --> 00:31:51,480
1383
+ heatุงู„ู€ heat get recycled ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ supply ุงู„ supply
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:31:51,480 --> 00:31:55,100
1387
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ .. ู…ุน ุฃู† ุงุณุชุบู„ุช ุงู„ูุงู‚ุท ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:31:55,100 --> 00:32:01,500
1391
+ efficient system sometimes there is inefficient
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:32:01,500 --> 00:32:09,700
1395
+ ูˆู„ุง Sarah plus .. Sarah plus heat and
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:32:09,700 --> 00:32:13,000
1399
+ it can't all be recycled
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:32:21,300 --> 00:32:25,040
1403
+ and can't all be recycled at other times there
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:32:25,040 --> 00:32:29,100
1407
+ isn't quite enough recycled heat to keep up with
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:32:29,100 --> 00:32:35,880
1411
+ equal of peak demands ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุฒูˆุฏ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:32:35,880 --> 00:32:40,940
1415
+ ู„ู…ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ peak demand not enough ู‡ูŠ isn't quite
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:32:40,940 --> 00:32:44,820
1419
+ enough ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูƒุงููŠ to meetุงู„ู€ Peak demand
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:32:44,820 --> 00:32:48,800
1423
+ for heat energy further along the process some
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:48,800 --> 00:32:53,600
1427
+ material is lost in the washing process ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:53,600 --> 00:33:00,260
1431
+ ุชูู‚ุฏุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ but the mass of water observed is
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:33:00,260 --> 00:33:05,960
1435
+ greater than the mass of material lost ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:33:05,960 --> 00:33:15,710
1439
+ massุŸ ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู… ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡ุงุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ูƒุชู„ุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:33:15,710 --> 00:33:21,570
1443
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ So there is a net loss or gain in
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:33:21,570 --> 00:33:26,790
1447
+ total massุŸ gain ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจูƒุชุณุจู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:33:26,790 --> 00:33:34,990
1451
+ ุจูู‚ุฏู‡ ูููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ gain ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:33:34,990 --> 00:33:45,480
1455
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุทูŠุจ ุจู„ุง ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉุŸ ู…ุงู„ูƒูˆุด ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉุŸ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:33:45,480 --> 00:33:52,080
1459
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุณ ู†ุฃูƒุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ capacity ุจุฏูƒ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:57,720
1463
+ ุชูู‡ู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ maximum power
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:33:57,720 --> 00:34:03,740
1467
+ or output that the system can generate supply
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:34:07,630 --> 00:34:11,870
1471
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ supply ุณูˆุงุก ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ goods
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:34:11,870 --> 00:34:15,590
1475
+ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ power ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ุดุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนุฑุถู‡
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:34:15,590 --> 00:34:21,830
1479
+ ุฌุฏูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุนุฑุถ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฒูˆุฏู‡ ู„ู„ system period ุทุจุนุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:34:21,830 --> 00:34:28,070
1483
+ ูุชุฑุฉ consumed ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:34:28,070 --> 00:34:34,210
1487
+ the amount that it is consumed it's been used or
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:34:34,210 --> 00:34:43,790
1491
+ demandedaccumulative ุงู„ู€ total ุงู„ rate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:34:43,790 --> 00:34:48,530
1495
+ average ู…ุธุจูˆุท ููŠ ุงู„ rate ูˆ ุงู„ average ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:48,530 --> 00:34:55,030
1499
+ constant ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุงุจุนุฉ averaged out ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:55,030 --> 00:35:00,850
1503
+ rate ูŠุนู†ูŠ fluctuate ุงู„ demand ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุทู„ุจ what
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:35:00,850 --> 00:35:05,050
1507
+ the consumer wants fluctuate
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:35:06,540 --> 00:35:11,800
1511
+ variate ุงูˆ deviate ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุช
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:35:11,800 --> 00:35:20,260
1515
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท peak ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ maximum of peak ุงู„ minimum
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:35:20,260 --> 00:35:25,560
1519
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง spare
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:32,090
1523
+ capacity ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:32,090 --> 00:35:36,350
1527
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ peak .. ุงู„ between ุงู„ peak .. ุงู„ peak
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:36,350 --> 00:35:41,070
1531
+ consumption ุฃูˆ ุงู„ peak demand ูˆุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆุงู„ full
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:41,070 --> 00:35:44,310
1535
+ capacityุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง spare capacity
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:47,240 --> 00:35:52,320
1539
+ ุงู„ู€ input ูˆ ุงู„ output ุชุนุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ gain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:52,320 --> 00:35:57,100
1543
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ difference between ุงู„ losses and ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:57,100 --> 00:36:00,300
1547
+ consumption
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:36:00,300 --> 00:36:08,160
1551
+ and ุงู„ production ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ net ุฃูˆ ุงู„ gain ุงู„
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:14,840
1555
+ surplus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ amount that exceeds
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:36:15,520 --> 00:36:21,900
1559
+ consumption ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ surplus ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุฅุฐุง
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:36:21,900 --> 00:36:27,200
1563
+ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุชุจุน surplus shortage
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:36:27,200 --> 00:36:33,300
1567
+ shortage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ opposite ู„ surplus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:36:33,300 --> 00:36:40,580
1571
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฌุฒ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ shortagesurplus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุฆุถ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:36:40,580 --> 00:36:44,680
1575
+ ูˆุงู„ shortage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงุฌุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ system ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:44,680 --> 00:36:49,760
1579
+ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทู„ุจ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ shortage
1580
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/s751BsBTw4U_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1664 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,940 --> 00:00:28,680
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‚ุตุฉ 41 ู‚ุตุฉ 41 ุชุชุญุฏุซ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:28,680 --> 00:00:34,940
7
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ู†ุนู†ูŠ ุชุชุจุน ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช ..
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:34,940 --> 00:00:39,360
11
+ ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช .. ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช .. ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช .. ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช .. ุฌูŠุงุฑุงุช
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:43,620
15
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ .. ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:43,620 --> 00:00:52,160
19
+ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุฎู„ุงุต ูƒู„ูƒู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุจู†ุงู†ูŠุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:52,160 --> 00:00:57,960
23
+ .. ุงู„ุฌูŠุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:57,960 --> 00:01:03,280
27
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:03,280 --> 00:01:07,510
31
+ ุจูŠุฎููุงู„ mechanical effort ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง mechanical
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:07,510 --> 00:01:12,090
35
+ advantage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุฎุงู
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:12,090 --> 00:01:18,550
39
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ู†ุฑูุน ุดูŠุก ุฃูˆ ู†ุญุฑูƒ ุดูŠุก ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:18,550 --> 00:01:25,200
43
+ ู†ุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุนุงุช ู„ุดูŠุก ู…ุนูŠู†ูู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู„ูƒู…
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:29,540
47
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุณูƒุงู„ูŠุชุงุช ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:32,700
51
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŸ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุณูƒุงู„ูŠุชุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:32,700 --> 00:01:36,500
55
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุณุงู„ุฉุŒ ููŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:36,500 --> 00:01:41,880
59
+ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชู„ู ุจุณุฑุนุฉุŒ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:51,390
63
+ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุดูŠุกุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุณุฑุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฎูุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฌุณู… ุชุจุนู‡
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:51,390 --> 00:01:57,150
67
+ ุฃูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:57,150 --> 00:02:02,150
71
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูˆู„ุฏ ุนุฒู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:02,150 --> 00:02:05,590
75
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุญุฏ ูƒู„ ูƒุฑุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:05,590 --> 00:02:09,560
79
+ ูƒุจุชู„ุจ ุงุณูƒุงู„ุชุงุช ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุตุบุงุฑุŒ ุฃู‚ู„ ุดูŠุกู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุชูˆุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:14,420
83
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุถู„ูƒ ุชู„ู ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:14,420 --> 00:02:18,880
87
+ ูู‡ุชุงุฎุฏูƒ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูƒู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:22,840
91
+ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุจุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:22,840 --> 00:02:26,660
95
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุจุณ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจุณูƒู„ูŠุช ุน ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:26,660 --> 00:02:31,980
99
+ ู„ุจุณูƒู„ูŠุช ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ ู…ุงุจู‚ุฏุฑูˆุด ูŠุทู„ุนูˆู‡ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:31,980 --> 00:02:35,180
103
+ ูˆุจุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุฉ ูุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:35,180 --> 00:02:40,720
107
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุชุงุฎุฏุด ุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:40,720 --> 00:02:46,460
111
+ driver ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ follower ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ shaft
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:46,460 --> 00:02:53,780
115
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏุฑุงุน ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง tooth ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู†
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:53,780 --> 00:03:01,840
119
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ gear wheel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฌู„or gears are
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:07,700
123
+ wheels with teeth or cogs ุงู„ cogs ู‡ู… ู†ูุณู‡ู… ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุงู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:07,700 --> 00:03:10,920
127
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ ุฅุณู†ุงู† ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงุณู…
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:10,920 --> 00:03:19,700
131
+ ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ gear wheels ู‡ู… ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุนุฌู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:19,700 --> 00:03:24,480
135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู„ุจ ููŠู‡ุงthe teeth interlock interlock ูŠุนู†ูŠ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:24,480 --> 00:03:28,500
139
+ ุฃูŠุด ู…ุดุจูƒูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ fit together ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆู ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:28,500 --> 00:03:34,020
143
+ ูƒู„ ุณู† ุฑุงูƒุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ with those of the other
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:34,020 --> 00:03:38,600
147
+ gear wheel when one gear wheel revolves ู„ู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:38,600 --> 00:03:44,540
151
+ ุจู„ู ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ the other revolves with it ุนุฌู„ุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:44,540 --> 00:03:51,330
155
+ ุจุชู„ู ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู„ู ู…ุนู‡ุงุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุฅูŠุด
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:51,330 --> 00:03:55,750
159
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ู clockwise ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ counter
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:55,750 --> 00:04:01,450
163
+ clockwise ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู„ููˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† as
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:01,450 --> 00:04:05,370
167
+ they rotate mesh together ุงู„ mesh ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:05,370 --> 00:04:09,670
171
+ ุจูŠุฑูƒุจูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ gears are normally fitted to shafts
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:09,670 --> 00:04:15,030
175
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑุงุน ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ gear ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:15,030 --> 00:04:21,250
179
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉthey transmit rotary motion
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:21,250 --> 00:04:25,970
183
+ from one shaft to another that is they transmit
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:25,970 --> 00:04:31,130
187
+ drive ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุฉ ุจูŠู…ุฌู„ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:31,130 --> 00:04:38,410
191
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู„ุฌุฒุก ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:38,410 --> 00:04:43,750
195
+ ู†ุจุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ุจุณูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุชุจุฏู„ุช ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:43,750 --> 00:04:48,150
199
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ู„ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุงู†ูŠ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูุน ุงู„ุฏูุน
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:48,150 --> 00:04:52,430
203
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ drive transmit ุงู„ drive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:52,430 --> 00:04:59,850
207
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงูุนุฉ ุงู„ drive usually supplied by an engine
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:59,850 --> 00:05:05,190
211
+ or a motor causes a shaft to revolve ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:05,190 --> 00:05:11,370
215
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงูƒูˆู†ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ุงูŠุด ู…ูˆู„ุฏ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:11,370 --> 00:05:15,610
219
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ู…ุน ุญุฏุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:17,550 --> 00:05:22,210
223
+ reverb ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุชู„ู a shaft connected directly
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:22,210 --> 00:05:26,950
227
+ to an engine or a motor is called a drive shaft or
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:26,950 --> 00:05:31,350
231
+ as an input shaft drive ุงู„ู…ุดุจูˆุฎ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:31,350 --> 00:05:34,910
235
+ engine ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง drive shaft ู†ุณุจุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:34,910 --> 00:05:39,530
239
+ ู„ู„driver ุฃูˆ input shaft ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:39,530 --> 00:05:45,260
243
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุงู„ุงู† ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ output shaft ูƒู…ุงู†
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:45,260 --> 00:05:49,980
247
+ ูุงู„ input ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:49,980 --> 00:05:55,720
251
+ ุงู„ุงู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:55,720 --> 00:05:59,480
255
+ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ follower ู‡ู‰ driver ูˆู‡ู‰
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:59,480 --> 00:06:04,590
259
+ ุงู„ follower ุงูŠุด ุญุทูŠู†ุง ูู‰ ุงู„ู†ุตidler ุงู„ idler ุงูŠุด
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:04,590 --> 00:06:10,210
263
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนุงูƒุณ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:10,210 --> 00:06:16,610
267
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุงุฑูˆุง ุงูŠุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูู‡ูˆ ุจูˆุญุฏู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:16,610 --> 00:06:23,470
271
+ ุงู„ idler ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ a
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:23,470 --> 00:06:28,940
275
+ gear wheel on a drive shaft is called a driverุงู„ู„ูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:28,940 --> 00:06:33,400
279
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุดูุชูˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ the second gear wheel
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:35,900
283
+ which meshes with the driver is called the
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:35,900 --> 00:06:40,380
287
+ follower the driver drives the follower ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:40,380 --> 00:06:44,310
291
+ follower ุจุชุจุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ู€ driver ุงู„ driver ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:44,310 --> 00:06:47,430
295
+ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ an assembly of several shafts and gear
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:47,430 --> 00:06:51,890
299
+ wheels is called gear train or transmission system
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:51,890 --> 00:06:57,130
303
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ transmission ุฏู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:57,130 --> 00:07:02,670
307
+ automatic ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง automatic ุงูŠุดุŸ transmission
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:02,670 --> 00:07:07,930
311
+ ุญุชู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุญุท ุงู„ุฒูŠุช ุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ transmission oil
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:07,930 --> 00:07:15,520
315
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ manual ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡gearbox oil ุงู„ู€ transmission
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:15,520 --> 00:07:19,920
319
+ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ gearbox ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุณุจุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:26,860
323
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง gear ู„ู‡ ู†ุณุจุฉ ratio
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:26,860 --> 00:07:31,040
327
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ู„ู‡ุงู„ุฌุฏ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:34,240
331
+ ูˆุงู†ุง ุจุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ transmission
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:34,240 --> 00:07:37,400
335
+ box transmission
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:41,780 --> 00:07:45,540
339
+ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุจุณ ุงู„ transmission ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ุŸ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:45,540 --> 00:07:50,080
343
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† gear system ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:50,080 --> 00:07:59,800
347
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ู„ุฃ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:59,800 --> 00:08:06,420
351
+ ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ system ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุณ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:06,420 --> 00:08:10,860
355
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฏูŠูƒุŸ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ูŠุฏูˆูŠูˆุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:10,860 --> 00:08:16,270
359
+ automaticallyูˆุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุญุณูŠุด
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:16,270 --> 00:08:20,710
363
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุช ุจุฑุงูƒุจุฉ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุญุณ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชู†ู‚ู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:20,710 --> 00:08:26,070
367
+ ุงู„ gear ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎููŠูุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุณ ุจุชุญุณ ุฃู† ููŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฌู„ุฉ ุญุตู„ุช
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:26,070 --> 00:08:30,030
371
+ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุญุตู„ automatic ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ manual ุฅูŠุด
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:30,030 --> 00:08:35,610
375
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณูˆุงูƒ ุจู†ู‚ู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูุงู†ุช ุจุชุญุณ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:35,610 --> 00:08:39,350
379
+ ุจู‚ุฑุฑ ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ู‡ุฏุงูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฑุฑ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:39,350 --> 00:08:41,010
383
+ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด ุชู†ู‚ู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:43,810 --> 00:08:47,750
387
+ ูุนู†ุฏูŠ several ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง an
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:47,750 --> 00:08:51,790
391
+ assembly of several shafts and gear wheels ูŠุนู†ูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:51,790 --> 00:08:55,890
395
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงูุช ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ gear wheel
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:55,890 --> 00:08:59,470
399
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนุฌุงู„ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ gear ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:59,470 --> 00:09:07,070
403
+ gear train train or transmission systemit begins
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:07,070 --> 00:09:11,370
407
+ with an input shaft and ends with an output shaft
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:11,370 --> 00:09:15,490
411
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ shaft ุฏุฑุงุนู‡ุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:15,490 --> 00:09:18,450
415
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:18,450 --> 00:09:22,370
419
+ ุจู†ุชูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ output shaft ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:22,370 --> 00:09:26,470
423
+ ุงู„ุดุงูุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎุท ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ input shaft
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:26,470 --> 00:09:29,930
427
+ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ motor ุฃูˆ ุงู„ engine ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุจุฏุฃ ุนู†ุฏู‡
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:29,930 --> 00:09:35,260
431
+ ุงู„ generation ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุงู„ุณูŠุณุชู… ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:35,260 --> 00:09:42,020
435
+ ุฅุฏู„ุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุฅุฏู„ุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:42,020 --> 00:09:42,300
439
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:42,300 --> 00:09:46,460
443
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:46,460 --> 00:09:49,140
447
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:49,140 --> 00:09:49,360
451
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:49,360 --> 00:09:50,960
455
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:54,620
459
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:57,980 --> 00:10:02,600
463
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gear ratio ุงูŠุด ุงู„ gear ratioุŸ ุฒูŠ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:02,600 --> 00:10:09,060
467
+ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ gear ูŠุง ุงู…ุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:09,060 --> 00:10:14,680
471
+ ู„ุงุฒูˆุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูุงุช ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ู„ู„ู‡ุง gears can
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:14,680 --> 00:10:17,920
475
+ provide a mechanical advantage ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู‡ุฏู ุงู„
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:22,520
479
+ chapter ุงูŠุดุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ chapter ุนู†ุฏูŠ 33 ุงู„ mechanical
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:22,520 --> 00:10:27,560
483
+ advantage ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุจุงุจุฏู„ ุฌู‡ุฏ ุงู‚ู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:29,080 --> 00:10:33,900
487
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:33,900 --> 00:10:42,120
491
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:46,060
495
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:46,060 --> 00:10:47,120
499
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:50,140
503
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:50,140 --> 00:10:53,900
507
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:53,900 --> 00:10:56,940
511
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌูŠุฑ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:57,130 --> 00:11:05,210
515
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:05,210 --> 00:11:08,350
519
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:08,350 --> 00:11:09,050
523
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:09,050 --> 00:11:09,130
527
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:09,130 --> 00:11:09,190
531
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:09,190 --> 00:11:09,190
535
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:09,190 --> 00:11:09,650
539
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:09,650 --> 00:11:10,390
543
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:10,390 --> 00:11:15,150
547
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:15,150 --> 00:11:26,890
551
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:26,890 --> 00:11:32,800
555
+ ูˆุงุญุฏู„ุฃ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง run ุงู„ run ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู„ูุฉ run per
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:32,800 --> 00:11:40,140
559
+ minute rpm the output speed of the follower will
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:40,140 --> 00:11:47,140
563
+ be one thousand rpm run per minute runs per minute
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:47,140 --> 00:11:50,700
567
+ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:55,900 --> 00:12:01,440
571
+ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฌุฑุณ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู„ุฅุนุทุงุก ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู†
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:05,890
575
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:05,890 --> 00:12:07,090
579
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:07,090 --> 00:12:08,750
583
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:08,750 --> 00:12:14,850
587
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:14,850 --> 00:12:14,850
591
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:14,850 --> 00:12:14,850
595
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:14,850 --> 00:12:14,850
599
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:14,850 --> 00:12:22,450
603
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:22,450 --> 00:12:30,290
607
+ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:30,290 --> 00:12:33,850
611
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:33,850 --> 00:12:39,030
615
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุน ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฑู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ gear
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:39,030 --> 00:12:44,610
619
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุทูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุน ุฌุจุงู„ ุงู„ gear ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:44,610 --> 00:12:49,490
623
+ ูˆุงุทูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุนุฒู… ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูู‡ุฐุง .. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:49,490 --> 00:12:56,770
627
+ ุฎุท ุณุฑูŠุนุฃูˆ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุณุฑูŠุน ูุงุด ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู‚ูุงุช ุจุญุท ุงู„ู€ gear
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:56,770 --> 00:13:01,830
631
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ second
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:01,830 --> 00:13:05,670
635
+ gear ุงูˆ ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงูˆ third gear ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:05,670 --> 00:13:09,370
639
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุจุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ gear ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุนู„ู‰
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:09,370 --> 00:13:14,550
643
+ gear ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุฃูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:14,550 --> 00:13:21,320
647
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ smooth ูุจุชุงุฎุฏุด ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉูุจุช .. ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:21,320 --> 00:13:25,640
651
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุงู†ูƒ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุชุทู„ุจุด ุนุฒู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนุดุงู†
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:25,640 --> 00:13:29,180
655
+ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุทุงู„ุน ุฌุจู„ ุจ .. ุจ .. ุจู†ูุนุด ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:29,180 --> 00:13:33,600
659
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุฎุงู…ุณ ุฅู„ุง ุฏู‡ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุฎุท ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู†ุธูŠูุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:33,600 --> 00:13:40,360
663
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุทูŠุจ this may be a manual
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:45,300
667
+ gearbox where gears are changed by a person ุงู„ู€
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:45,300 --> 00:13:49,600
671
+ manual ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:53,200
675
+ ุจุบูŠุฑ or automatic gearbox which automatically
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:53,200 --> 00:13:57,500
679
+ select a higher gear or lower gear as needed ุงู„ุขู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:57,500 --> 00:14:02,340
683
+ ุจุงู„ู€ automaticุจุชุญุณูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:02,340 --> 00:14:05,780
687
+ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงู†ุช ุฑุงูƒุจ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุณูˆู‚ูŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:05,780 --> 00:14:09,400
691
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุณุชุงุช ุจุญุจ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:13,480
695
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฑูƒุฒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ brake ูˆุงู„ุฅูŠุด ูˆุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:13,480 --> 00:14:18,740
699
+ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ gear ูƒูŠู ุชุญุทู‡ ูˆูƒูŠู ุชุดุบู„ ู…ุงุชุด
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:18,740 --> 00:14:23,220
703
+ ุณูˆูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ ุญุฑูƒุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ูˆุฏุงูŠู…ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:23,220 --> 00:14:26,680
707
+ ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ูŠููˆู†ุงุช ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุญุจูˆุง ุงู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:26,680 --> 00:14:30,890
711
+ automaticู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุชูŠุญ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุฌุงู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:30,890 --> 00:14:35,630
715
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุชุชุญุฑูƒุด ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุบู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:35,630 --> 00:14:40,110
719
+ ู‡ูŠ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:40,110 --> 00:14:45,770
723
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:45,770 --> 00:14:51,050
727
+ ุณุงูŠู‚ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุฒูŠ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุงุฑุจู„ู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูˆ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:51,050 --> 00:14:57,240
731
+ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุญุชู‰ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:57,240 --> 00:15:01,220
735
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงู„ุงุด ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุชุจุนู†ุง ุทู„ุนูˆุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:01,220 --> 00:15:07,580
739
+ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง heavy machines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุต ูˆู‚ุทุน
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:07,580 --> 00:15:11,560
743
+ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุนุฑููŠุด ุจูŠุฎู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:11,560 --> 00:15:17,300
747
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉู„ูŠุดุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงูŠููƒุฑุด ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุญุทูˆุทูŠู†
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:17,300 --> 00:15:21,200
751
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุทู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠู†ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ุด ู…ู†
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:21,200 --> 00:15:25,480
755
+ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ุงุชู‚ุทุน ุฃุตุงุจุน ุนู‚ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช safety
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:31,000
759
+ procedure ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุฃุญุท ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:36,800
763
+ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:41,420
767
+ ุนุฏุฉ .. ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ gear ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ spare gear
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:41,420 --> 00:15:48,700
771
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุงู„ุฅุณู†ุงู† ูƒูŠู ุดูƒู„ู‡ู…ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุซู†ุงู†
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:48,700 --> 00:15:54,320
775
+ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู†
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:54,320 --> 00:15:58,940
779
+ ุงู„ spare gear are the simplest gears the teeth run
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:58,940 --> 00:16:02,580
783
+ straight across the wheel ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ wheel straight
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:02,580 --> 00:16:06,520
787
+ across ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ wheel ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ wheel
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:06,520 --> 00:16:12,260
791
+ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงูŠุด spare gear ูˆุงู†ุง ุญุงุทุทู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:12,260 --> 00:16:18,500
795
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ู…ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ helical gear ุทู„ุน
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:18,500 --> 00:16:25,660
799
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูƒูŠูุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ curved helical gears
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:25,660 --> 00:16:32,000
803
+ have curved teeth ุงู„ุฅุณู†ุงู† ุฅูŠุด ุดูƒู„ู‡ู…ุŸ curved so
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:35,920
807
+ that they mesh together more smoothly ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:35,920 --> 00:16:41,060
811
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู†ุนู…ุฉุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:41,060 --> 00:16:45,640
815
+ ุงู„ู€ gear ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู†ุนู…ุฉุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:45,640 --> 00:16:50,020
819
+ helical gears ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ spare ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ straight
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:50,020 --> 00:16:58,940
823
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู…ุŸbevel gear allowed drive to be
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:58,940 --> 00:17:02,900
827
+ transmitted through an angle of 90 degrees ุทู„ุน
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:02,900 --> 00:17:08,180
831
+ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:08,180 --> 00:17:14,740
835
+ bevel gear ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:14,740 --> 00:17:22,560
839
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน crown gearand crown gear and bunion ู‡ุฐุง
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:22,560 --> 00:17:26,300
843
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฏู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุจุชู„ู ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:26,300 --> 00:17:30,640
847
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุจุชู„ู ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูŠุนู†ู‰ crown gear
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:30,640 --> 00:17:34,100
851
+ transmit drive through ninety degree often to a
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:38,660
855
+ smaller gear called bunion ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ smaller ูˆ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:38,660 --> 00:17:45,820
859
+ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงูŠุด bigger ูู‡ุฏูƒ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ู‰ ุงู„ people ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ู‰ ุงูŠุด
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:46,750 --> 00:17:51,150
863
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง smaller gear ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:51,150 --> 00:17:56,350
867
+ .. ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŸ crown gear ู‡ุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฌ ุดูƒู„ู‡
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:56,350 --> 00:18:00,750
871
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุทู„ู‡ุง crown ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุชุงุฌุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ pinion
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:00,750 --> 00:18:05,130
875
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ pinion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ gear ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ crown gear
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:05,130 --> 00:18:09,890
879
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ transmitting through ninety degrees
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:09,890 --> 00:18:16,580
883
+ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด to smaller gear called pinionุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:16,580 --> 00:18:22,260
887
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ warm gear ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฏุฉ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:22,260 --> 00:18:27,960
891
+ warm ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฏูˆุฏุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฏุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:27,960 --> 00:18:32,240
895
+ warm gear transmit drive through an angle they
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:32,240 --> 00:18:37,200
899
+ allow a low output speed relative to the input
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:41,340
903
+ speed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ speed ู‡ุฐุง low lower
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:41,340 --> 00:18:49,500
907
+ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠู†ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ they can provide a
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:49,500 --> 00:18:52,740
911
+ one-way drive as a worm can drive a gear but a
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:52,740 --> 00:18:56,740
915
+ gear cannot drive a worm ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุดุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:56,740 --> 00:19:00,560
919
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ drive ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ worm ุจุณ ุงู„ worm ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุด drive
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:06,400
923
+ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ gear ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ one-way one-way drive
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:06,400 --> 00:19:11,850
927
+ ูˆุดูƒู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุญุฑูƒุชู‡ุงุŸุจุทูŠุฆุฉ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:11,850 --> 00:19:19,350
931
+ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:19,350 --> 00:19:22,430
935
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง change four words in the text
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:22,430 --> 00:19:26,170
939
+ below to make it correct ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุŒ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุตู„ุญ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:26,170 --> 00:19:30,450
943
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุฑุฌุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:30,450 --> 00:19:34,630
947
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:34,630 --> 00:19:41,630
951
+ .. ุจุณ ู†ุฐูƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุนุดุงู† ุชุจู‚ูˆุง ู…ุนู†ุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:41,630 --> 00:19:46,090
955
+ ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุขู†
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:46,090 --> 00:19:49,930
959
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ driver ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:49,930 --> 00:19:54,430
963
+ follower ุงู„ driver ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:54,430 --> 00:19:59,510
967
+ input ุงู„ input shaftุงู„ู€ follower ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:59,510 --> 00:20:05,410
971
+ ุงู„ output shaft ุงู„ driver ูˆ ุงู„ follower ุนุงุฏุฉ they
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:05,410 --> 00:20:09,050
975
+ .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ they move in opposite .. opposite
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:09,050 --> 00:20:15,170
979
+ direction ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:15,170 --> 00:20:19,030
983
+ three components ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ follower ูˆ ุงู„ shaft
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:19,030 --> 00:20:23,350
987
+ ูˆ ุงู„ ุงูŠุด ูˆ ุงู„ driver ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:27,060 --> 00:20:32,380
991
+ ุงู„ idler ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ change .. change of the
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:32,380 --> 00:20:37,680
995
+ motion direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุฑุงูŠุญุฉ clockwise ุจูŠุนู…ู„
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:41,160
999
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ driver follower going different
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:44,600
1003
+ direction or opposite direction ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุท idler ููŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:47,100
1007
+ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ู… the same direction
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:53,610 --> 00:20:58,270
1011
+ ุงู„ู€ transmission system ุฃูˆ gear train ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:58,270 --> 00:21:03,670
1015
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ a system or assembly of several shafts and
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:03,670 --> 00:21:08,770
1019
+ several gear wheels ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:08,770 --> 00:21:12,410
1023
+ wheels ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงูุณ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ transmission
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:12,410 --> 00:21:14,610
1027
+ system ุฃูˆ gear train
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:23,820
1031
+ ุงู„ู€ ratio ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุงู„ advantage ู„ู…ุง
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:23,820 --> 00:21:29,300
1035
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ุงู† ุดูุชูˆุง example ู„ 3 to 1 ูˆ ุงู„ input
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:29,300 --> 00:21:33,280
1039
+ speed ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆ ููŠ output speed ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏุฎู„ ู„ู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:36,960
1043
+ system ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจุทู„ุน ู„ู„ system ุญุณุจ ุงู„ ratio ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:36,960 --> 00:21:37,580
1047
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:40,440 --> 00:21:47,720
1051
+ ุงู„ู€ gearbox ูˆ ุงู„ู€ gear selection ุจุชุนู…ู„
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:47,720 --> 00:21:54,020
1055
+ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุชุดูŠูุช ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู€ manual gearbox
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:54,020 --> 00:21:59,640
1059
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจุญุตู„ ู…ู† ุดุฎุต ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:05,000
1063
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุฒู…ูŠุดู† ุฃูˆ automatic gearbox ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:10,800
1067
+ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑfrom higher gear or lower gear automatically
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:16,920
1071
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:16,920 --> 00:22:21,500
1075
+ spear gear ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ simplest ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:21,500 --> 00:22:27,580
1079
+ teeth run straight across the wheel ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:27,580 --> 00:22:32,720
1083
+ ุงู„ helical ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ curved teeth ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:32,720 --> 00:22:33,760
1087
+ ุฅูŠุด smoothly
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:36,800 --> 00:22:41,000
1091
+ ุงู„ู€ bevel gear ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ 90 degrees ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:47,460
1095
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ vertical ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ crown
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:47,460 --> 00:22:54,420
1099
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ ุชุงุฌ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ pinion ุงู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:54,420 --> 00:22:58,700
1103
+ pinion ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุนู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:58,700 --> 00:23:04,610
1107
+ ุงู„ crown ูˆุจุนุทูŠู†ูŠ 90 degrees ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ุงู„ู€ warm
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:04,610 --> 00:23:10,650
1111
+ gear ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒู‰ ุงู„ warm ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:10,650 --> 00:23:15,950
1115
+ 90 degrees ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ one way drive ูˆ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:15,950 --> 00:23:19,510
1119
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ speed ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ output speed ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:19,510 --> 00:23:26,610
1123
+ lower than ุงู„ input speed ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ 90 degrees ุฅุฐุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:26,610 --> 00:23:32,090
1127
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธู‰ุฏู‡ ุจุชุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุท .. ููŠ ุงู„
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:32,090 --> 00:23:37,670
1131
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฎุท ุชู…ุงุซู„ุŸ ุขู‡ .. ุขู‡
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:37,670 --> 00:23:42,190
1135
+ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:42,190 --> 00:23:45,350
1139
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ูˆ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง an engine is
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:45,350 --> 00:23:50,510
1143
+ connected to a driveshaft ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุดุจูƒู†ุงู‡ ู…ุน
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:50,510 --> 00:23:56,440
1147
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง fitted to thisoutput
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:56,440 --> 00:24:01,440
1151
+ shaft ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ input ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดุจูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:07,200
1155
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ engine input shaft is a gear
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:14,040
1159
+ wheel called the idler ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐูŠุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดุจูƒ ุงู„ุขู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:14,040 --> 00:24:15,300
1163
+ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑุŸ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:23,570 --> 00:24:31,670
1167
+ ุดุจูƒู†ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ shaft ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู†ุง input shaft ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:31,670 --> 00:24:38,370
1171
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุจู†ุดุจูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ driver ูˆู„ุง follower
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:38,370 --> 00:24:45,770
1175
+ ูˆู„ุง idler ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุดุจูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡ driver ูƒูˆูŠุณ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:45,770 --> 00:24:52,170
1179
+ as this gear wheel turnit drives another gear
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:52,170 --> 00:24:56,610
1183
+ wheel alongside it's called ุงูŠุด ุงู„ follower ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:56,610 --> 00:25:03,330
1187
+ ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุฏู‡ ุญุงุทูŠุช ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:03,330 --> 00:25:09,310
1191
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงู†ุดุจูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:09,310 --> 00:25:15,230
1195
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ follower which
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:15,230 --> 00:25:20,680
1199
+ fit to an input shaft ูˆู„ุง ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุฏูŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:20,680 --> 00:25:26,700
1203
+ ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ output shaft ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ output
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:26,700 --> 00:25:33,880
1207
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ follower ูˆ ุงู„ input ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:33,880 --> 00:25:43,420
1211
+ driver ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:43,420 --> 00:25:51,470
1215
+ ุงู„ุงู† complete the text ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุงุฏ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:51,470 --> 00:25:56,430
1219
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด the case is IIH BOMA CVX
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:56,430 --> 00:25:59,910
1223
+ TRACTOR is equipped with continuously variable
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:59,910 --> 00:26:05,290
1227
+ transmission ุงู„ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:05,290 --> 00:26:09,690
1231
+ gearbox allow the driver of the vehicle ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:09,690 --> 00:26:13,070
1235
+ .. ุฅูŠุด .. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุฎู„ู‰ ุงู„ driver ูŠุชุญูƒู…
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:13,070 --> 00:26:19,270
1239
+ ููŠู‡ุง manualgearbox allow the driver of the vehicle
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:19,270 --> 00:26:24,390
1243
+ to .. ุฅูŠุด gearุŸ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ shift ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุบูŠุฑ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:24,390 --> 00:26:29,550
1247
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ shift it change shift gear as required if
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:29,550 --> 00:26:37,270
1251
+ gear is selected ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ if .. ุงุชุทู„ุน .. ุงุชุทู„ุน
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:37,270 --> 00:26:40,430
1255
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง if ุฅูŠุด gear is selected the speed of the
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:40,430 --> 00:26:44,410
1259
+ output shift will increase relatively higher ุงู„ุขู†
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:44,410 --> 00:26:49,630
1263
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ select the speed of
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:49,630 --> 00:26:52,450
1267
+ the output shaft will increase relative to the
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:52,450 --> 00:26:57,090
1271
+ input shaft for a given engine speed in a typical
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:57,090 --> 00:27:01,790
1275
+ automatic gearbox ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุงู† ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุน ุงู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:01,790 --> 00:27:05,290
1279
+ manual ุงู„ manual ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ in
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:05,290 --> 00:27:10,460
1283
+ automatic gearbox however the gearุฃูŠุด system is
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:10,460 --> 00:27:14,140
1287
+ automatedุŸ ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู‡ automatedุŸ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:14,140 --> 00:27:18,620
1291
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ selectionุงู„ู€
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:18,620 --> 00:27:21,940
1295
+ selection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง is automated
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:21,940 --> 00:27:25,940
1299
+ requiring no action by the driver ูŠุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุงู„ุณูˆุงูƒ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:25,940 --> 00:27:29,260
1303
+ ุจุนู…ู„ุด ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ in addition most automatic
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:29,260 --> 00:27:34,060
1307
+ transmission system use so-called planetary gears
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:34,060 --> 00:27:37,720
1311
+ in basic term these allow the transmission to
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:37,720 --> 00:27:42,640
1315
+ remain connected at all time unlike manual gearbox
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:49,370
1319
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ automatedุงู„ู€ Gear ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:49,370 --> 00:27:52,270
1323
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Manual Gear ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุณูˆุงู‚ ูŠููƒ ุงู„ู€ Gear ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:52,270 --> 00:27:55,910
1327
+ ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุฒู„ ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุงู„ุณูˆุงู‚ูŠู† ุบุฒุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ู…
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:55,910 --> 00:27:59,350
1331
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠูˆูุฑูˆุง ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุจูŠููƒ ุงู„ู€ Gear
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:59,350 --> 00:28:04,170
1335
+ ูุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุถุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฏูุน
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:04,170 --> 00:28:07,650
1339
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุญุฏ ุฏูŠุช ู…ุงุชูˆุชุด ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจูŠุดุชุจูƒ ุงู„ู€ Gear
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:07,650 --> 00:28:12,390
1343
+ ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Automatic ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชููƒุด Gear ุจุชุถุงู„ู‡ุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:12,390 --> 00:28:17,090
1347
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ Gear ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง .. ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:21,800
1351
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ุจุณ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฎุทุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:21,800 --> 00:28:29,240
1355
+ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ neutral ุงู„ neutral ุจูŠููƒ ุงู„ gear ู…ุงู‡ูŠ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:33,600
1359
+ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณูŠุฑ ุชููƒุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ู‡ูˆุฏ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูˆ ูุฌุฃู‡
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:38,320
1363
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดุจูƒู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ูู‡ุฏ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ shock ู„ู„ gear
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:42,580
1367
+ system ุชุจุน ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ manual ุงู„ manual ..
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:42,580 --> 00:28:47,420
1371
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุบูŠุฑ gear ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุณูˆุงูƒ ูููŠ ุงู„
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:47,420 --> 00:28:51,600
1375
+ automaticู‡ูŠ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:51,600 --> 00:28:55,600
1379
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง In addition, most transmission systems
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:59,400
1383
+ use so-called planetary gears in basic terms.
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:59,740 --> 00:29:02,380
1387
+ These allow the transmission to remain connected
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:02,380 --> 00:29:06,840
1391
+ at all times ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:15,120
1395
+ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุณ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฑุงุญูˆุง ุฑูˆุญ ู„ ุดุงุฑูˆู… ุจุงุฑูƒ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:19,040
1399
+ ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูุฑุงุญูˆุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:19,040 --> 00:29:23,240
1403
+ discovery ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ุจูŠุญุจู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุจูŠุญุจูˆู‡ุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:23,240 --> 00:29:28,540
1407
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููˆู‚ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:28,540 --> 00:29:33,980
1411
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ gearbox ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ gearbox ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุดุจูƒูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:34,590 --> 00:29:39,350
1415
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู„ู…ุง
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:39,350 --> 00:29:44,170
1419
+ ุชู†ุฒู„ ุจุชูู„ุท ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ ุตุญ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูู„ุท as an
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:44,170 --> 00:29:49,450
1423
+ engine ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ุจุชุณูŠุฑ ุชุณู‡ู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:49,450 --> 00:29:54,710
1427
+ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุดุบู„ ุดุงูŠูุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:54,710 --> 00:29:59,150
1431
+ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ู…ุŸ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุฒู†
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:59,150 --> 00:30:08,030
1435
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŸ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 16 ู‚ูˆู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุทุจุนุง ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:08,030 --> 00:30:14,010
1439
+ ุชุญุฑูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:14,010 --> 00:30:20,930
1443
+ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุญุณุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ูˆู† ู„ 200 ุฃู…ุจูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ู… ุชุจุฏุฃ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:20,930 --> 00:30:28,170
1447
+ ุชุดุชุบู„ ูู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุช .. ุงู‡
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:41,040
1451
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู‡ ุทูŠุจ I like manual gearbox in which pair of
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:41,040 --> 00:30:45,420
1455
+ each gear are momentarily disconnected each time a
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:45,420 --> 00:30:51,500
1459
+ shift is made ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุทูŠุจ helical ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:51,500 --> 00:30:54,960
1463
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ .. ู…ุด
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:59,200
1467
+ ุญุงูƒูŠู†ู‡ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุชุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:59,200 --> 00:31:03,060
1471
+ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ automatic ูˆ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ higher ูˆ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:03,060 --> 00:31:10,140
1475
+ ุงู„ manual ูˆ ุงู„ selection ูˆ ุงู„ shift ุงุชูˆู‚ุน shift ุงู‡
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:10,140 --> 00:31:14,660
1479
+ ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ wheel ุฎู„ุตู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุด ุฐุงูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:14,660 --> 00:31:20,340
1483
+ ู„ู„ุชุฑุณูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู„ูƒู„ุง ุงู„ manual ูˆ ุงู„
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:20,340 --> 00:31:24,120
1487
+ automatic system ุจุฏู„ ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู…ู†
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:24,120 --> 00:31:33,080
1491
+ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู…ุฎุชู„ููˆูŠู„ุฒ ู‡ุงุฌุชู†ุงู‡ุง each with different number
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:33,080 --> 00:31:37,360
1495
+ of teeth CVT uses a special mechanism to
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:37,360 --> 00:31:41,080
1499
+ continuously and progressively adjust the gear
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:41,080 --> 00:31:47,160
1503
+ ratio between the input and output shaft
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:50,130 --> 00:31:53,530
1507
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ shafts Therefore, as the vehicle
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:53,530 --> 00:31:57,310
1511
+ accelerates or decelerates, continual adjustments
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:57,310 --> 00:32:01,690
1515
+ are made to the transmission automatically. This
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:01,690 --> 00:32:05,750
1519
+ allows the engine to be maintained at a constant
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:05,750 --> 00:32:10,710
1523
+ speed for optimal power and fuel efficiency while
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:10,710 --> 00:32:15,710
1527
+ the system is able to continuously drive to the
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:15,710 --> 00:32:23,080
1531
+ vehicle's wheeltransmit drive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ูู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:23,080 --> 00:32:28,040
1535
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:28,040 --> 00:32:31,600
1539
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุทุจ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ูƒูŠู ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ ุฅุฐุง
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:31,600 --> 00:32:35,980
1543
+ ุฃู†ุช ูู‡ู…ุช ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸููŠ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:35,980 --> 00:32:40,860
1547
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ driver ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ follower ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุญุท ุญุงุฌุฉ ูู‰
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:40,860 --> 00:32:44,900
1551
+ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง idler ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ุง shaft ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ุง shaft
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:44,900 --> 00:32:50,300
1555
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ transmit ุงู„ drive ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ driver ู„ู…ู†ุŸ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:50,300 --> 00:32:55,420
1559
+ ู„ู„ follower ุงู„ุฃู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ ratio ุงู„
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:55,420 --> 00:33:00,780
1563
+ gear ratio ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุญุฏุฏ ู„ูŠ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… higher
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:33:00,780 --> 00:33:05,460
1567
+ gear ูˆู„ุง lower gearุธุงู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:05,460 --> 00:33:10,300
1571
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ุฎุตู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู…
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:33:10,300 --> 00:33:15,260
1575
+ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุฃุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ gear
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:33:15,260 --> 00:33:19,780
1579
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง gears are used to
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:33:19,780 --> 00:33:22,540
1583
+ transmit drive through the angle ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:22,540 --> 00:33:30,440
1587
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุตุญุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง? bevel ูˆ worm ูˆ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:30,440 --> 00:33:37,800
1591
+ crownุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุทูŠุจ gears run
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:42,880
1595
+ more quietly than sparse gears ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู‡ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:47,320
1599
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:33:47,320 --> 00:33:51,100
1603
+ gears can generally only transmit drive in one
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:33:51,100 --> 00:33:56,780
1607
+ direction ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุงู„ูˆุฑู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:33:56,780 --> 00:34:01,150
1611
+ ู‡ุฐุงุทูŠุจ gears allow drivers and followers to
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:01,150 --> 00:34:05,570
1615
+ revolve in the same directionุŸ ุงู„ idler ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:34:05,570 --> 00:34:11,570
1619
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุตุนุจุงุชุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู‡ุงุฏุฑุฉ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:34:11,570 --> 00:34:15,810
1623
+ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุฒุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:34:15,810 --> 00:34:22,450
1627
+ ุฑุงุฌุนูŠู‡ ุจุชุดุจูƒ ู…ุนุงูƒ ูˆ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงุชูุถู„ูŠ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:34:28,120 --> 00:34:34,360
1631
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ quiz ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆุด ู…ุด ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:40,560
1635
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุงูŠ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงููŠ ุฅุฌุงุฒุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:34:40,560 --> 00:34:44,340
1639
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฌู‡ุฒู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆุฉ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:34:44,340 --> 00:34:49,080
1643
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู†
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:34:49,080 --> 00:34:55,050
1647
+ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸูุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุน ุงู„ transmission system ุน ุงู„
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:34:55,050 --> 00:35:00,670
1651
+ gear system ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:00,670 --> 00:35:07,630
1655
+ components of the system ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ driver ูˆ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:07,630 --> 00:35:13,710
1659
+ ุงู„ follower ูˆ ุงู„ idler ูˆ ุงู„ ratio ูˆ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:35:13,710 --> 00:35:19,510
1663
+ ุงู„ types of gears ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบุทูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
1664
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/u0pjKvKhUjg_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1552 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,670 --> 00:00:26,770
3
+ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณูˆู ู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ 37 ูˆู‡ูŠ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,770 --> 00:00:32,450
7
+ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุฎุฒู† ุงู„ู…ุทุงุฑ ูˆ ุณู†ู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ 40 ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุชูƒู„ู…
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:32,450 --> 00:00:37,550
11
+ ุนู† ู…ุตุงุฑูŠู ูˆู…ุตุงุฑูŠู ุงู„ุจุฑุจูŠุด ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฒุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุจุฑุจูŠุด
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:37,550 --> 00:00:44,250
15
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฌ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฒุฒ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุฒ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฒ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:44,250 --> 00:00:49,290
19
+ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูˆุฒ ุงู„ tanks ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุดุงู„ุชุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:49,290 --> 00:00:54,510
23
+ ุชุงู†ูƒ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงู† pumps, fans and turbines ุงู„ pumps
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:54,510 --> 00:01:00,190
27
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ fans ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูˆุญ ูˆ ุงู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:00,190 --> 00:01:07,310
31
+ turbines ุงู„ุทูˆุงุญูŠู† ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:11,350 --> 00:01:16,330
35
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ pipes pipes are rigid
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:16,330 --> 00:01:20,830
39
+ ุงุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ูƒูŠู ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ู… ุตู„ุจุฉ ูŠุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:20,830 --> 00:01:24,730
43
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ plastic ู pipes are rigid
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:24,730 --> 00:01:28,930
47
+ tubes made from materials such as steel and
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:28,930 --> 00:01:33,430
51
+ plastic they carry fluids, liquids or gases ุนุงุฏุฉ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:33,430 --> 00:01:38,530
55
+ ููŠ ุงู„ pipes ูŠุง ุจู†ุญุท ุฅูŠุดุŸุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฃ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุณุงุฆู„ูŠุฉ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:38,530 --> 00:01:42,170
59
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุบุงุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุงูŠุจุฒ can be fitted together
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:42,170 --> 00:01:46,290
63
+ with different pipe fitting ู‡ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ symbols
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:46,290 --> 00:01:50,810
67
+ of pipes are often referred as pipe work ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:50,810 --> 00:01:57,730
71
+ pipes ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุณูŠุฑ ูŠุง ุจู†ุฑุจุทู‡ู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู… ูŠุง ุนู†
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:57,730 --> 00:02:02,890
75
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ูู ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:02,890 --> 00:02:07,880
79
+ fitting ุงู„ู‡ู† ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุจุทูˆู‡ู† ุจุจุฑุงุบูŠุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:07,880 --> 00:02:16,500
83
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูŠุงุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… means ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:16,500 --> 00:02:20,220
87
+ underground pipes for water and natural gas ุงู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:20,220 --> 00:02:24,860
91
+ water meansูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ gas mains ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ููŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:24,860 --> 00:02:28,100
95
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎุท ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:28,100 --> 00:02:32,240
99
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ู…ูˆุงุณูŠุฑ ุชุญุช ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:32,240 --> 00:02:36,180
103
+ ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:36,180 --> 00:02:42,480
107
+ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุจุฑุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุฎุทูˆุทู…ุฑุจู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู†ุง ุฎุทูˆุท
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:47,720
111
+ ู„ู„ุบุงุฒ ูุชูˆุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุช ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูู…ุตุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฌู†ุจ ุฏู‡
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:47,720 --> 00:02:54,180
115
+ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… water mains ูˆ gas mains ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:54,180 --> 00:02:57,740
119
+ ุฎุทูˆุทุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุชุจุน
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:57,740 --> 00:03:04,240
123
+ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:07,460
127
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:07,460 --> 00:03:09,900
131
+ pipelines ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุณ ุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:16,530 --> 00:03:21,590
135
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ู… ู„ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุจุชุฑูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:21,590 --> 00:03:25,990
139
+ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุงู„ูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:25,990 --> 00:03:29,690
143
+ ู…ุด ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุฑุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู† ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:29,690 --> 00:03:36,550
147
+ ุฎุท ุบุงุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุณูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆ ู„ุจู†ุงู† ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:36,550 --> 00:03:41,310
151
+ ุจุตู„ ุฎุท ุงู„ุบุฒุฉ ู„ู„ุจุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจูˆุตู„ ู„ุณูˆุฑูŠุง ู‚ุจู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:41,310 --> 00:03:45,650
155
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุจุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠ ุจูˆุตู„ ุนุจุฑ ุชุฑูƒูŠุง ู„ู„ุจุญุฑ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:45,650 --> 00:03:53,630
159
+ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุทุงู„ุขู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Petrol ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ูˆุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‚ุงุท ุจุฑุถู‡
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:53,630 --> 00:04:01,350
163
+ ูˆุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Central Asia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุต ุงู„ุฏูˆู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:01,350 --> 00:04:03,570
167
+ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:03,570 --> 00:04:08,500
171
+ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุชูŠ ููŠ ุฎุท ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจู†ุฌู„ ู„ุญุฏ ุฏูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุงุจุฏูŠ ู…ูˆุตู„
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:08,500 --> 00:04:12,960
175
+ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎูู ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:18,660
179
+ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฌ ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:18,660 --> 00:04:22,960
183
+ pipelines ุงู„ pipelines ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู† ุนู…ู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:22,960 --> 00:04:28,640
187
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชู… ู†ู‚ู„ู‡ ุนุจุฑ ุดุญู†ุงุช ุจุชู… ู†ู‚ู„ู‡ ุนุจุฑ ุฎุทูˆุท
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:28,640 --> 00:04:32,500
191
+ ุงู†ุงุจูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ูˆุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆู‚ูุช
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:32,500 --> 00:04:36,420
195
+ petrol ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุฎุทุฃู†ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฑ ููŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:36,420 --> 00:04:39,460
199
+ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุณุชู‚ู„ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ุงุชุตู„ุช ุฅุดูƒุงู„ูŠุงุช
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:39,460 --> 00:04:45,160
203
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ pipelines ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ drains ุฒูŠ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:45,160 --> 00:04:49,860
207
+ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ are the
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:49,860 --> 00:04:54,200
211
+ underground pipes that carry waste water ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:54,200 --> 00:04:57,560
215
+ large drains are found below the streets in cities
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:57,560 --> 00:05:02,430
219
+ are called sewersู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ source
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:02,430 --> 00:05:08,390
223
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ large drains ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:08,390 --> 00:05:13,650
227
+ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ูุจู„ุงุช ุจุฑุง ุชู…ุดูŠ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุญุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:13,650 --> 00:05:17,890
231
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุนุงุจูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:17,890 --> 00:05:24,470
235
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ู…ุงุจุชุบุฑู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:24,470 --> 00:05:27,670
239
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:27,670 --> 00:05:30,110
243
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุด ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ุจู†ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:30,110 --> 00:05:33,870
247
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฎุทูˆุท
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:33,870 --> 00:05:38,290
251
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:38,290 --> 00:05:42,170
255
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุตูŠุงู†ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู‡ู… ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง ุจุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ุด
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:42,170 --> 00:05:46,670
259
+ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ drains ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:46,670 --> 00:05:50,830
263
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ underground pipes that carry waste water ูˆ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:50,830 --> 00:05:56,520
267
+ ุงู„ large drain ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณูˆุฑุงู„ู€ Undrains and
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:56,520 --> 00:06:00,960
271
+ sewers rely on gravity to allow them to flow ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:00,960 --> 00:06:05,580
275
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆู„ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุงุฐุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:05,580 --> 00:06:09,700
279
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุฏุฎุด ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:09,700 --> 00:06:13,760
283
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ูุงุฑู‚ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจุณ ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:18,580
287
+ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุจูŠูุญุตูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ู…ูŠู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:18,580 --> 00:06:25,870
291
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุชู†ุณุงุจ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ูุงุฑthey
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:25,870 --> 00:06:30,050
295
+ therefore have a downward slope called ุงูŠุดุŸ a fall
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:30,050 --> 00:06:33,270
299
+ ุงู„ fall ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:36,590 --> 00:06:41,110
303
+ Ducts are barbues for moving air, is not under
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:41,110 --> 00:06:43,810
307
+ pressure usually for heating or air conditioningุŒ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:43,810 --> 00:06:47,850
311
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุทูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณู‚ูˆูุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:47,850 --> 00:06:52,210
315
+ ุฃูŠุดุŸ Duct Duck work often consists of rectangular
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:52,210 --> 00:06:55,690
319
+ cross-sectional duct ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:55,690 --> 00:07:00,590
323
+ Hoses are flexible tubesุŒ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุจูŠุด ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุฃูŠุดุŸ ููŠู‡
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:00,590 --> 00:07:06,490
327
+ ู…ุฑู†ุฉุŒ made from plastic for liquid or gasesุงู„ุบุงุฒ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:06,490 --> 00:07:11,930
331
+ ุชุจุนู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงุฑุจูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:11,930 --> 00:07:17,590
335
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุจูŠุด ู„ู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ they are fitted
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:17,590 --> 00:07:22,790
339
+ together using hose fitting or hose coupling ูŠุนู†ูŠ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:22,790 --> 00:07:26,170
343
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุจุฑุจูŠุด ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:26,170 --> 00:07:30,820
347
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ fitting
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:30,820 --> 00:07:35,000
351
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ู…ุน ุจุนุถ example of hoses are fuel
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:39,100
355
+ hoses and compressed air hoses sometimes called
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:39,100 --> 00:07:43,160
359
+ fuel lines and airlines ุงู„ fuel hoses ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… fuel
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:51,480
363
+ lines ูˆ ุงู„ compressed air hoses ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… airlines ุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:57,170
367
+ tank is a container for liquid or gasit may be
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:57,170 --> 00:08:02,850
371
+ water light will not leak water water light water
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:02,850 --> 00:08:06,950
375
+ tight water tight it will not leak water ูŠุนู†ูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:06,950 --> 00:08:12,490
379
+ tight ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ tight ุญุฒุฌ water tight ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฒุฌุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:12,490 --> 00:08:19,590
383
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงูุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูŠู‡ and open at the
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:19,590 --> 00:08:24,370
387
+ top it may also be enclosed and airtight will not
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:24,370 --> 00:08:28,290
391
+ leak gas ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชู†ูƒุงุช ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:28,290 --> 00:08:33,810
395
+ ุจุชุทู„ุนุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุณุฑุจูˆุด and may contain gas that is
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:33,810 --> 00:08:37,450
399
+ usually under pressure ุญุฏ ุดุงู ุงู„ compressor ุงู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:37,450 --> 00:08:41,710
403
+ compressorCompressor ุฏุงูŠู…ุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุชุงู†ูƒุŒ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูƒ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:41,710 --> 00:08:45,170
407
+ ุชุจุญู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุทุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุจู†ุงุดุฑ ุฏุงูŠู…ุงู‹
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:45,170 --> 00:08:50,630
411
+ ุจุนุจูˆู‡ ูˆููŠู‡ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูˆุจูŠุณุชุบู„ูˆู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุชู†ู‚ุทุนุŒ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:50,630 --> 00:08:57,050
415
+ ูุจูŠุธู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆุง ู…ุถุบูˆุท ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…a
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:57,050 --> 00:09:02,890
419
+ pressure vessel is a tank for storing gas ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:02,890 --> 00:09:07,510
423
+ pressure vessel ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุฎุฒู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:07,510 --> 00:09:11,090
427
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ or a mixer of liquid and gas that is
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:11,090 --> 00:09:15,110
431
+ under pressure ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุถุบุท the
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:15,110 --> 00:09:19,050
435
+ vessel must therefore be scaled with no opening
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:19,050 --> 00:09:20,770
439
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ูุชุญุงุช
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:29,070 --> 00:09:34,710
443
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฌุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง pressure
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:34,710 --> 00:09:38,890
447
+ vessels include small portable gas cylinders
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:38,890 --> 00:09:43,870
451
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุตูˆู†ุงุช ุบุงุฒ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ also called gas bottles
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:44,500 --> 00:09:49,020
455
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌู†ุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ some pressure vessels also
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:49,020 --> 00:09:52,100
459
+ function as boiler they heat the liquid inside
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:52,100 --> 00:09:54,720
463
+ them in order to boil it and increase the pressure
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:54,720 --> 00:09:58,220
467
+ for example ุงู„ water boiler that produce high
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:58,220 --> 00:10:07,420
471
+ pressure steam ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:07,420 --> 00:10:11,060
475
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:16,100 --> 00:10:21,960
479
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุนูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:26,300
483
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู…ุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู‡ุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:26,300 --> 00:10:32,180
487
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ุฑุฏูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู„ุณู‡ ูˆู‚ุช ูƒู„ูƒู… ุฌูŠุชูˆุง ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑูŠู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:32,180 --> 00:10:38,160
491
+ ุทูŠุจ liquid can be forced to flow along the pipes
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:38,160 --> 00:10:42,820
495
+ by mechanical devices called pumps ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎุงุช
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:42,820 --> 00:10:48,980
499
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸุจุช .. ุจุช .. ุจุช .. ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:48,980 --> 00:10:53,200
503
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒุŒ ูŠู†ุฏูุน for example in car fuel pumps
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:53,200 --> 00:10:57,220
507
+ from the fuel tank to the engine by fuel pump the
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:57,220 --> 00:11:01,240
511
+ flow of fluids can be controlled by valves ุงูŠุด ุงู„
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:01,240 --> 00:11:09,080
515
+ valvesุŸ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู…ุงุช ุงูˆ ุงู„ุดุจุงุฑุฉ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุดุจุฑุŸ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:09,080 --> 00:11:14,960
519
+ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ุดุจุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุฃุดุนุงุฑ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:18,580
523
+ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุท ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ู…ุณู…ู‰ ูƒูˆู…ุจุฑูŠุดุฑ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:18,580 --> 00:11:23,880
527
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจุฑูŠุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุŒ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:23,880 --> 00:11:26,740
531
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุถุบูˆุท ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุฏุบูˆุท ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:26,740 --> 00:11:26,740
535
+ ู…ุฏุบูˆุทุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุฏุบูˆุท ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุฏุบูˆุทุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุฏุบูˆุท
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:26,740 --> 00:11:27,400
539
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุฏุบูˆุทุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุฏุบูˆุท ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุฏุบูˆุทุฉุŒ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:27,400 --> 00:11:29,500
543
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุฏุบูˆุท ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุฏุบูˆุทุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุฏุบูˆุท ุฃูˆ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:29,500 --> 00:11:33,580
547
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุฏุบูˆุทุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุฏุบูˆุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุฏุบูˆุทุฉุŒ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:33,580 --> 00:11:39,260
551
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุฏุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ .. ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:39,260 --> 00:11:44,840
555
+ ู…ุด ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูุงู† ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุฑุจูŠู†ุŒ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:44,840 --> 00:11:49,320
559
+ ุงู„ุชูˆุฑุจูŠู† ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ุงู„ูุงู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:49,320 --> 00:11:50,860
563
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:06,030 --> 00:12:10,810
567
+ ูƒูˆู†ูƒูˆุง ุดูˆูุชูˆุง ุทูˆุงุญูŠู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:10,810 --> 00:12:15,350
571
+ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ูŠุณุญุจูˆุง ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:15,350 --> 00:12:20,630
575
+ ู„ูŠูˆู„ุฏูˆุง ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง .. ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุฑูƒู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:20,630 --> 00:12:26,230
579
+ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ .. ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุฏ ุชุจุน
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:26,230 --> 00:12:31,190
583
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู†ุงุชุฑ as we remember we got to this
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:31,190 --> 00:12:34,670
587
+ .. to the slides where we talked about the duck,
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:34,830 --> 00:12:42,710
591
+ the pipesุงู„ุฎุฒุงู†ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:42,710 --> 00:12:45,110
595
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:45,110 --> 00:12:50,850
599
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:50,850 --> 00:12:52,010
603
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:52,010 --> 00:12:52,010
607
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:52,010 --> 00:12:52,010
611
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:52,010 --> 00:12:52,010
615
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:52,010 --> 00:12:52,110
619
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:52,110 --> 00:12:56,350
623
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:56,350 --> 00:13:02,530
627
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:02,530 --> 00:13:07,240
631
+ ุงู„ู‡ุฌthis is what we call it elbow ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:07,240 --> 00:13:12,860
635
+ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุน ุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุงูŠุด
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:12,860 --> 00:13:18,100
639
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ elbow ู‡ุงูŠ ninety degrees elbow this is what
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:18,100 --> 00:13:26,640
643
+ we call it cross ุตู„ูŠุจ this is
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:26,640 --> 00:13:29,880
647
+ forty five degrees elbow this is what we call it
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:29,880 --> 00:13:35,360
651
+ union ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ู‚ุทุนุชูŠู† ูˆ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:35,360 --> 00:13:40,360
655
+ ู†ุฑุจุทู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:40,360 --> 00:13:47,780
659
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆุฒุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฉ ุงู„ union ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู†
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:47,780 --> 00:13:51,640
663
+ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฉ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌูˆุฒุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:51,640 --> 00:13:58,580
667
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง T ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ T
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:58,580 --> 00:14:05,990
671
+ ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ T ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ flank
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:09,470
675
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:09,470 --> 00:14:13,370
679
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ flank allows larger pipes ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:13,370 --> 00:14:18,730
683
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:18,730 --> 00:14:22,950
687
+ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุงุด ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู„ู„ุจูŠูˆุช ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:22,950 --> 00:14:27,350
691
+ ู„ู„ุฎุทูˆุท ูˆ ู…ุด ู„ู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุญูŠู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:27,350 --> 00:14:31,340
695
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุงุŸ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง plasticุฒู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:31,340 --> 00:14:36,080
699
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุฎุทูˆุท ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:39,460
703
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉุŒ ูุงู„ fitting ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุฎุชู„ูุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:39,460 --> 00:14:44,340
707
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ pipelines ู…ูˆุงุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:44,340 --> 00:14:50,080
711
+ ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆ ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ oil ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:50,080 --> 00:14:53,760
715
+ ุงู„ุจุชุฑูˆู„ุŒ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:59,580
719
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุงุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:59,580 --> 00:15:05,080
723
+ ู†ุฒุบุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:05,080 --> 00:15:11,920
727
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠู‡ุง ุณู† ูˆุฑุงุณ ูู‡ุฐุง
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:11,920 --> 00:15:17,320
731
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง plug ุงู„ plug ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุณุฉ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ู‡ูŠ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:17,320 --> 00:15:24,330
735
+ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ..ูŠุนู†ูŠ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:24,330 --> 00:15:27,710
739
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู‡ุฐู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:27,710 --> 00:15:33,010
743
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ู…ูุฉ ูˆู‡ุงู† ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฑุฃุณ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:33,010 --> 00:15:39,670
747
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ plugููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู€
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:39,670 --> 00:15:45,110
751
+ reducer ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุจูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:49,510
755
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู…ุซู„ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุณูˆุฑุฉ ุงู†ุด
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:49,510 --> 00:15:54,510
759
+ ุจุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ุชู„ุช ุงุฑุจุงุน ุงูˆ ุชู„ุช ุงุฑุจุงุน ู„ู†ุต ุงู†ุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงูŠุด
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:54,510 --> 00:15:58,470
763
+ ุงู„ reducer allowed two pies of different diameter
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:58,470 --> 00:16:04,910
767
+ to be connected ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ cap ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:04,910 --> 00:16:10,210
771
+ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒุงุทู…ุฉูƒูˆูŠุณ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงููŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุฎุท ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:10,210 --> 00:16:14,830
775
+ .. ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ ุจุชุณูƒุฑู‡ ู…ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุด ู…ุงู†ู‡ุด .. ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:14,830 --> 00:16:18,130
779
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:18,130 --> 00:16:22,410
783
+ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจุณ ู‡ุงู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง ุฑุงุณ ุช .. ุช ..
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:22,410 --> 00:16:27,370
787
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุญุฑูƒูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง .. ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŸ ุฃู‡
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:27,370 --> 00:16:31,470
791
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒูŠ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ plastic ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:31,470 --> 00:16:35,270
795
+ plastic ูŠู…ูƒู† ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุบุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:35,270 --> 00:16:39,810
799
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุงู…ุงู„ุฌุงุนุฉ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:39,810 --> 00:16:45,310
803
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุฏูŠ ุฏู‡ cream ุงูˆ ุญุฏ ููŠูƒ ูˆูุชุญ ุญุฏูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุทูŠุจ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:45,310 --> 00:16:48,950
807
+ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุงุด ุฌู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดูˆููˆู‡ุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:48,950 --> 00:16:52,710
811
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ air compressor ุงู„ air compressor ุงูˆ ุงู„
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:52,710 --> 00:16:56,730
815
+ compressor ุงู„ compressor ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู†ุฏ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:56,730 --> 00:17:00,990
819
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ู†ู‡ุŸ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠู† ุชู„ุจูˆูŠุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุงุŸ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:00,990 --> 00:17:05,390
823
+ ุจูŠุตู„ุญูˆุง ุงู„ุนุฌุงู„ุŸ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ุจุชุจู‚ูŠู†ุŸ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:07,760 --> 00:17:12,580
827
+ ุชุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุจู‚ุนุฉ ุจุบุงุฒ ุนู†ุฏ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ููŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:12,580 --> 00:17:17,840
831
+ ู†ุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุจูŠุชูŠ ุจู†ุธููˆุง ููŠู‡ุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:17,840 --> 00:17:23,980
835
+ ุจุทูŠุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุบุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ููŠู‚ ุงู„ุบุจุฑุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:23,980 --> 00:17:28,700
839
+ ู‡ู… ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฎุต ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:28,700 --> 00:17:34,140
843
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ valves ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุจุณ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:34,140 --> 00:17:35,820
847
+ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุดุจุงุฑุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:38,420 --> 00:17:41,820
851
+ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ูŠุชู… ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ูŠุชู…
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:41,820 --> 00:17:44,340
855
+ ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ูŠุชู… ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:44,340 --> 00:17:45,460
859
+ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ูŠุชู… ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ูŠุชู…
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:45,460 --> 00:17:46,840
863
+ ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ูŠุชู… ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:46,840 --> 00:17:48,320
867
+ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ูŠุชู… ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ูŠุชู…
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:48,320
871
+ ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ูŠุชู… ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:52,750
875
+ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ุง ูŠุชู… ุชุญุฑูŠูƒู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ูˆุฎุตูˆุตู‹ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:52,750 --> 00:17:57,670
879
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุจุงู„ Appendix ุงู„ุงู† ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ valve ุงู„ู„ู‰
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:57,670 --> 00:18:01,810
883
+ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุดุจุฑ ุงู„ุดุจุฑ ุจู†ูุชุญ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูุชุญูŠู‡
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:01,810 --> 00:18:06,330
887
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ flow ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:06,330 --> 00:18:10,730
891
+ ุชู†ู‚ุต ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ flow ุญุณุจ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ูุชุญ ู„ู„ ุดุจุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:10,730 --> 00:18:15,930
895
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆู„ ูุง ุงู„ valveto be fully open to allow
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:15,930 --> 00:18:20,070
899
+ flow or fully closed to shut off ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ the
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:20,070 --> 00:18:24,370
903
+ flow ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† fully open ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ full flow
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:24,370 --> 00:18:30,350
907
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ fully closed ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุณูƒุฑ shut
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:30,350 --> 00:18:35,380
911
+ down ุงู„ flowbe partly, open, closed to regulate
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:35,380 --> 00:18:39,620
915
+ the flow rate ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ partially ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ regulation
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:39,620 --> 00:18:44,180
919
+ ู„ู„ flow rate ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒุงู†
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:44,180 --> 00:18:48,540
923
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎุท ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุฎุท ู…ู† ู…ุญู„
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:48,540 --> 00:18:53,500
927
+ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู‡ ู…ู† ูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุถุบุท ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุจูŠุด ูƒู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:53,500 --> 00:18:59,210
931
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุชูู„ุชูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ barbiche ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชุฑุจุทูŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:59,210 --> 00:19:02,790
935
+ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ joint ู ุงู„ joint ูƒู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:02,790 --> 00:19:07,850
939
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ูุงู„ุชุฉุŒ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุง ููƒุงู† ุฅูŠุด ุจู„ุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:07,850 --> 00:19:11,970
943
+ regulation ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ ุจุถุฎ ู…ู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:11,970 --> 00:19:18,160
947
+ ููˆู‚ ู„ุชุญุชุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดุบู„ ุงู„ motor ุจุดุบู„ูˆุด ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:22,900
951
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุงุญุฏุด ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ูƒุชุฑ ู…ูŠู‡
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:22,900 --> 00:19:27,580
955
+ ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ูŠุชู†ุง ู…ุงู„ุญุฉ ูุจุชู†ุธู ุงู„ุฎุท
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:27,580 --> 00:19:32,700
959
+ ูุจุชุชุนู…ู„ ูƒ technique ูุงู„ chipper ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:32,700 --> 00:19:36,520
963
+ valve ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ regulation ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:36,520 --> 00:19:42,140
967
+ ุจุงู„ุฌูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุฏูุน ููŠู‡ุง ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉdirect the flow by
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:49,640
971
+ allowing it to go along one pipe or another at a
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:49,640 --> 00:19:54,340
975
+ junction ุงู„ุฃู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:54,340 --> 00:20:00,200
979
+ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุจุฑ ุจูุชุญ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆ ุจุณูƒุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฌุฉ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:04,890
983
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง .. ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠุงุชู„ู…ุง
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:04,890 --> 00:20:09,850
987
+ ุจูŠูˆุฒุนูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ Provide an inlet allowing liquid or
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:09,850 --> 00:20:14,210
991
+ gas to enter a pipe or a tank or an outlet
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:14,210 --> 00:20:18,090
995
+ allowing liquid or gas to exit ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูŠู…ูƒู†
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:18,090 --> 00:20:22,050
999
+ ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู„ ู‡ูŠุชูƒู… ุนู†ุฏูƒู…
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:22,050 --> 00:20:26,770
1003
+ ุฃูุฑุงู† ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุฃูุฑุงู† ุบุงุฒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูุฑู† ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุจุชุจู‚ูˆุง
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:26,770 --> 00:20:29,810
1007
+ ูุงุชุญูŠู† ุงู†ุจูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ู„ุง ุจุชุณูƒุฑูˆู‡ุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:30,680 --> 00:20:34,220
1011
+ ุจุชุณูƒุฑูˆู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุชูุชุญูˆู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:34,220 --> 00:20:37,900
1015
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุช ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุชูุชุญู‡ ูˆ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:37,900 --> 00:20:43,480
1019
+ ุชุณูƒุฑูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ..
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:43,480 --> 00:20:47,920
1023
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง inlet ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุงู†ูƒ ูˆ ุจุฏู‡
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:47,920 --> 00:20:52,240
1027
+ ุฃุนุจูŠู‡ ุจูุชุญ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุจุฑุชุจุนู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุจูŠู‡ outlet ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุทู„ุน
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:56,640
1031
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ tank ุฃูˆ ุงู„ gas containers ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุทู„ุน ุฅู†ู‡ุง ..
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:56,640 --> 00:21:01,900
1035
+ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง outletAct as a safety valve in a pressure
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:01,900 --> 00:21:06,780
1039
+ vessel, allowing gas to escape if dangerously high
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:06,780 --> 00:21:10,860
1043
+ pressure is reached to prevent an explosion.ุงู„ุงู†
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:10,860 --> 00:21:15,140
1047
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงู†ุงุช
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:15,140 --> 00:21:20,860
1051
+ ุชู†ุถุบุท ููŠู‡ุง ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:20,860 --> 00:21:25,720
1055
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูู„ูู„ ู‡ุฐุง open automatically
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:25,720 --> 00:21:29,810
1059
+ ู„ูˆ reached certain level ุจูŠูุชุญ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู†ูุณุงู„ู„ูŠ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:29,810 --> 00:21:33,770
1063
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ explosion ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:33,770 --> 00:21:36,690
1067
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุงู†ูƒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจุณ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:36,690 --> 00:21:40,550
1071
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูƒุงุช ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ propane ุฃูˆ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:40,550 --> 00:21:44,430
1075
+ ุจูŠุฎุฒู†ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠูˆุง
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:21:44,430 --> 00:21:48,890
1079
+ ุจุถุบุทูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:21:48,890 --> 00:21:52,850
1083
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุชูˆุตูŠู„ ุบุงุฒ ู„ู„ุจูŠูˆุช ู…ุด ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:21:52,850 --> 00:21:57,600
1087
+ ุงู„ water mains ูˆ ุงู„ gas mainsุงู„ุฌุงุฒ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:21:57,600 --> 00:22:10,900
1091
+ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุทู†ูƒุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:10,900 --> 00:22:11,520
1095
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:11,520 --> 00:22:12,160
1099
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:12,160 --> 00:22:21,340
1103
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:21,340 --> 00:22:24,320
1107
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:24,320
1111
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:24,320
1115
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:24,320
1119
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:24,320
1123
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:24,320
1127
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:24,780 --> 00:22:31,550
1131
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฏุงุฏ ุญุฏ ุณู…ุน ููŠู‡ุŸุณู…ุนุชูˆุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:31,550 --> 00:22:35,090
1135
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฑุฏุงุฏ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠุด ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:22:35,090 --> 00:22:38,810
1139
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ valve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ check
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:22:38,810 --> 00:22:43,110
1143
+ valve ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฎูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:22:43,110 --> 00:22:47,070
1147
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุจุชุทู„ุนุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:47,070 --> 00:22:51,150
1151
+ ุฎุท ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ tank ุจุฑุฌุน ูุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฑุฏุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:51,150 --> 00:22:57,100
1155
+ ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุชุฑุฌุน ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุณ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุฃูˆ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:57,100 --> 00:23:01,540
1159
+ ู…ุบู„ุจูƒู… ุจุชุญุทูˆู„ู‡ ุฑุฏุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุจุช .. ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:01,540 --> 00:23:06,220
1163
+ ุงู„ุงุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุญุตู„ุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง .. ุฏู‡ ู„ูŠุด ุงู†ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:23:06,220 --> 00:23:09,440
1167
+ ุจุญูƒูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุตู„ุช ุฃูŠุงู… ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:14,560
1171
+ ุณูƒุฑูˆู‡ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ูŠู‡ ุญู„ูˆุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุถุฎ ุชุฑุฌุน
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:19,290
1175
+ ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุงู„ุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ุŸ ุงู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ุชู†ูƒุงุช
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:23:19,290 --> 00:23:24,090
1179
+ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠุงุช ุชู†ุฏุจ ู…ูŠ ู…ุงู„ุญุฉ ูุญุทูˆุง ุฑุฏุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุงุณ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:23:24,090 --> 00:23:30,390
1183
+ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ูุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุญุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ุง ุฒุจุทุช ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:23:31,320 --> 00:23:35,780
1187
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ exercise ุจู†ุฏู† ู† complete
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:23:35,780 --> 00:23:41,500
1191
+ with words ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ section a and b ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:23:41,500 --> 00:23:45,580
1195
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง air temperature will be high in this
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:45,580 --> 00:23:49,880
1199
+ area due to the pressure of four large diameter
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:49,880 --> 00:23:56,000
1203
+ steel steam ุงูŠุด ุงู„ steel steam ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:56,000 --> 00:24:02,800
1207
+ pipes ู…ุธุจูˆุทู„ุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู† running along the ceiling
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:08,320
1211
+ this open up the possibility extracting hot air
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:12,320
1215
+ and transfer it via ุงูŠุด ุงู„ hot air ุจุฑูˆุญ via ุงูŠุด
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:17,640
1219
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:24:17,640 --> 00:24:23,640
1223
+ ูˆุฑุง ุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงูŠุด ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฏูƒุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑุทูˆู…
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:24:23,640 --> 00:24:27,940
1227
+ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:24:29,230 --> 00:24:34,170
1231
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูƒุฑุชูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุงุช ุฒูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:24:34,170 --> 00:24:39,230
1235
+ ุงู„ุงู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ silver ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:39,230 --> 00:24:44,610
1239
+ ู‡ู†ุง to other area of the plant for heating usage
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:24:48,800 --> 00:24:52,860
1243
+ Given that this machine will move to an extent due
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:24:52,860 --> 00:24:56,080
1247
+ to vibration it should be connected to the water
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:24:56,080 --> 00:25:00,320
1251
+ supply using a flexible .. ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ flexibleุŸ ุงู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:00,320 --> 00:25:08,830
1255
+ hose ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ hose ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ู†ุณูŠุชูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ูƒูˆุง
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:25:08,830 --> 00:25:12,510
1259
+ ุจุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฌูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุจุฑุจูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:25:12,510 --> 00:25:18,570
1263
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุจูŠุด hose ูุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุชุนุฑููˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชูุฑุฌูˆุง
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:25:18,570 --> 00:25:21,530
1267
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ hose ูˆ ูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:25:21,530 --> 00:25:28,630
1271
+ hose ุจุชุชูุฑุฌูˆุดุŸ ุจุณ ู‡ู† ุฏูŠ .. ูุงู„ .. ุจุชุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ุนู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:25:28,630 --> 00:25:36,640
1275
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุจูŠุด hose ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุถุงุกุฉ light ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุชship a
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:25:36,640 --> 00:25:44,840
1279
+ light ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆู„ุน ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุทูŠุจ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:51,060
1283
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฑุง ุนุดู†ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:25:51,060 --> 00:25:56,700
1287
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุทูŠุจุฎู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุนู†ุง ูŠุง ุงุจู†ุงุช
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:25:56,700 --> 00:26:02,900
1291
+ to the water supply using flexible hose rather
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:02,900 --> 00:26:08,800
1295
+ than rigid pipe the pressure of the supply may
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:08,800 --> 00:26:12,440
1299
+ also need to be increased depending on the
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:12,440 --> 00:26:16,360
1303
+ pressure of water coming into the plant from
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:16,360 --> 00:26:21,820
1307
+ whereุŸ ุงู„ water ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸู…ู† ุงู„ู€ water
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:21,820 --> 00:26:31,420
1311
+ main ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ waste
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:26:31,420 --> 00:26:38,780
1315
+ water will exit the plant via ุฅูŠุดุŸุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:26:38,780 --> 00:26:43,440
1319
+ drainุŸ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:47,320
1323
+ ุจุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุชู‡ุง on the western edge
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:26:47,320 --> 00:26:53,180
1327
+ of the site this will run into ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุณู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:26:53,180 --> 00:26:58,940
1331
+ ุงู„ sewer system ุงู„ุณูˆุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:26:58,940 --> 00:27:01,980
1335
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:04,930 --> 00:27:07,470
1339
+ Under the street on the northern side of the
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:07,470 --> 00:27:10,810
1343
+ plant, the survey has confirmed that the level of
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:10,810 --> 00:27:13,830
1347
+ the site relative to the street will allow an
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:13,830 --> 00:27:21,290
1351
+ adequate fall ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ููŠ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:21,290 --> 00:27:28,300
1355
+ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุนุŒ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุงู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠูุงู„ู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฎุท
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:28,300 --> 00:27:32,520
1359
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุฑู…ูˆูƒ ูƒูŠู ู…ุง ุดุงุก ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุฏู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:27:32,520 --> 00:27:37,660
1363
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ูˆู…ุญู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุช
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:27:37,660 --> 00:27:42,940
1367
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูˆุจุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ูŠู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:27:42,940 --> 00:27:47,060
1371
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ูŠู„ ู…ุงุตุจุทุด ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุฅู„ุง
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:27:47,060 --> 00:27:51,880
1375
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠู„ ูˆุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุชุทู„ุนุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุชุฑุฌุนู„ูƒู…
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:27:56,550 --> 00:28:00,710
1379
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง choose the correct sentence and they say
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:00,710 --> 00:28:03,670
1383
+ two sentences one of them is true and the other
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:03,670 --> 00:28:08,710
1387
+ one is false all gas cylinders are pressure
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:08,710 --> 00:28:14,550
1391
+ vessels ุฃูˆ all pressure vessels are gas cylinders
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:14,550 --> 00:28:18,250
1395
+ ุงู„ gas .. ุงู„ gas cylinder ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุบุงุฒ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:18,250 --> 00:28:23,810
1399
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด pressure vessels ูุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตุญ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:29,200
1403
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ pressure vessel
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:29,200 --> 00:28:36,520
1407
+ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง air ุฃูˆ gas ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… liquid elbows are
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:44,210
1411
+ types of pipe or hose in fittingof pipes or hose
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:44,210 --> 00:28:50,230
1415
+ fitting ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ู„ูƒูˆุงุนู„ุฉ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ุจุฑุงุจูŠุด
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:28:50,230 --> 00:28:53,850
1419
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุณูŠุฑ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:28:53,850 --> 00:28:59,630
1423
+ ุงู„ุงู† pipes or hose fitting are types of elbow ู‡ู„
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:28:59,630 --> 00:29:03,650
1427
+ .. ู‡ู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตุญ ู„ุฅู† ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุฃูŠ fitting
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:03,650 --> 00:29:09,450
1431
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ elbow ุจุณ ุงู„ elbow ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ fittingany ..
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:09,450 --> 00:29:14,890
1435
+ any watertight tank will also be airtight ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:14,890 --> 00:29:20,590
1439
+ ุฃู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุญูƒู… ุงู„ุบู„ู‚ ู„ู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณุฑุจุด
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:20,590 --> 00:29:25,510
1443
+ ู…ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุณุฑุจุด ุบุงุฒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ any airtight tank
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:25,510 --> 00:29:30,970
1447
+ will also be watertight ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุฑุจุด ุบุงุฒ ุจูŠุณุฑุจุด ู…ูŠู‡
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:30,970 --> 00:29:35,190
1451
+ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุฑุจุด ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ุจุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุจูŠุณุฑุจุด ุบุงุฒ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:40,230 --> 00:29:46,690
1455
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ู… all pressure vessels are types of
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:46,690 --> 00:29:51,970
1459
+ tanks all tanks are types of pressure vessels ุงูŠุด
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:51,970 --> 00:29:57,990
1463
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ุธุจูˆุท a pipe is a specific sort of
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:29:57,990 --> 00:30:02,110
1467
+ pipeline ุงู„ pipe ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ pipeline ูˆู„ุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:02,110 --> 00:30:06,790
1471
+ a pipeline is a specific sort of a pipeุงู„ู€
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:06,790 --> 00:30:10,770
1475
+ Pipeline ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:10,770 --> 00:30:15,670
1479
+ pipes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฎุทูˆุท ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุจุชุฑูˆู„
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:15,670 --> 00:30:20,370
1483
+ ูˆุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุทูŠุจ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:20,370 --> 00:30:24,550
1487
+ ู‡ู†ุง it changed one word ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ sentence ุฅูŠุดุŸ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:24,550 --> 00:30:27,710
1491
+ to correct the sentence a fan is designed to be
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:27,710 --> 00:30:32,450
1495
+ driven by a flow of air or gas ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุงู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:33,770 --> 00:30:37,730
1499
+ ุงู„ูุงู† ุจูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ู…ุด ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:37,730 --> 00:30:41,870
1503
+ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŸ ุงู„ู€ Turbine. A pump used to
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:30:41,870 --> 00:30:44,590
1507
+ increase the pressure in a vessel is called a
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:30:44,590 --> 00:30:49,030
1511
+ turbine. ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุงู„ pump ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ increase ููŠ ุงู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:30:49,030 --> 00:30:53,870
1515
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ tank ุฃูˆ .. ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŸ compressor. A
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:30:53,870 --> 00:30:58,250
1519
+ safety valve is an .. an inlet which releases
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:30:58,250 --> 00:31:02,330
1523
+ excess .. excess pressure. ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ .. ู‡ุฏูŠุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:02,860 --> 00:31:09,440
1527
+ ุงู„ู€ outlet ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ู‚ ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ุด ู„ู„ุฏุงุฎู„ a non-return
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:12,600
1531
+ valve is also called a safety valve
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:15,540 --> 00:31:20,560
1535
+ Valve a stone valve can be partly closed to stop
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:20,560 --> 00:31:24,280
1539
+ the flow reducing its rate ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:24,280 --> 00:31:29,480
1543
+ other valves can be partially closed to regulate a
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:31:29,480 --> 00:31:33,740
1547
+ flow reducing its rate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:31:33,740 --> 00:31:34,420
1551
+ regulation
1552
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/zXajBMb03h0_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1012 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:26,430
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ 40 ุนู† ู…ูˆุงู„ุฏุงุช
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,430 --> 00:00:34,850
7
+ ูˆู…ุญุฑูƒุงุช ู…ูˆุงู„ุฏุงุช ูˆู…ุญุฑูƒุงุช
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:34,850 --> 00:00:41,830
11
+ ู…ูˆุงู„ุฏุงุช
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:41,830 --> 00:00:42,670
15
+ ูˆู…ุญุฑูƒุงุช
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:46,300 --> 00:00:50,860
19
+ Types and functions of engines and motors and the
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:50,860 --> 00:00:54,580
23
+ term engine usually refers to petrol engines,
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:54,720 --> 00:00:59,340
27
+ diesel engines and jet engines ุนู†ุฏู†ุง three types
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:59,340 --> 00:01:07,570
31
+ of engines ุงูŠุด ู‡ู…ุง petrol ูˆ diesel ูˆ jetุงู„ุฃู† in
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:07,570 --> 00:01:12,510
35
+ engineering motor usually means electric motor but
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:12,510 --> 00:01:16,450
39
+ in general language motor can also refer to petrol
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:16,450 --> 00:01:20,830
43
+ and diesel engines ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:20,830 --> 00:01:26,070
47
+ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ูˆุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:26,070 --> 00:01:30,250
51
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ ุจุณ in engineering ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ electric
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:30,250 --> 00:01:37,200
55
+ motor ุงู„ู…ุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠEngines and motors power or
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:40,540
59
+ drive machines by generating rotary motions
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:40,540 --> 00:01:46,820
63
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑุงุช ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ูŠุŸ ุจูŠูˆู„ุฏูˆุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:46,820 --> 00:01:54,060
67
+ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ .. ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ machines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ..
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:54,060 --> 00:01:59,490
71
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุฉfor example to drive wheels in jet
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:59,490 --> 00:02:04,350
75
+ engine compressors and turbines rotate to generate
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:04,350 --> 00:02:09,650
79
+ thrust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุงู„jet engine ุงู„ compressors
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:09,650 --> 00:02:16,790
83
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุบุทูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุฑุจุงูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุฏุงุช
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:16,790 --> 00:02:20,310
87
+ rotate to generate thrust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ trust
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:20,310 --> 00:02:24,110
91
+ ุฏุงูุน
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:33,920
95
+ Bushing force produced by forcing air from the
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:33,920 --> 00:02:37,400
99
+ back of the engine at high velocity ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ..
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:43,440
103
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุถุบูˆุท ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:50,040
107
+ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉAn engine produce a couple rotate force
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:50,040 --> 00:02:54,640
111
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:54,640 --> 00:02:59,640
115
+ ู…ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠ The moving parts of the machine
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:59,640 --> 00:03:05,260
119
+ it is driving will produce resistance ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:05,260 --> 00:03:11,260
123
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉdue to
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:11,260 --> 00:03:14,240
127
+ friction and other forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:14,240 --> 00:03:19,360
131
+ ู„ู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ as a result torque ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:23,910
135
+ twisting forceTorque is exerted on the output
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:23,910 --> 00:03:25,390
139
+ shaft of the engine
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:53,580 --> 00:03:58,340
143
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ .. ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:58,340 --> 00:04:04,410
147
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูˆู„ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ maturethe rate
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:04,410 --> 00:04:08,190
151
+ of which an engine can work to exert torque is the
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:08,190 --> 00:04:11,790
155
+ power of the engine ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ุญุฑูƒ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:11,790 --> 00:04:18,550
159
+ ุฅุญุตุงู† ุฅุญุตุงู†ูŠู† ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:18,550 --> 00:04:23,270
163
+ measured in watt ุงู„ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ rating ุฃุญูŠุงู†
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:23,270 --> 00:04:28,030
167
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุจุงู„ุฅุญุตุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฅุญุตุงู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠุด ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:33,630 --> 00:04:40,350
171
+ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุจุณ ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:40,350 --> 00:04:46,450
175
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชุณุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:46,450 --> 00:04:51,370
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ูˆู‡ althoughEngineers normally calculate
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:51,370 --> 00:04:53,930
183
+ engine power in watts. The power of a vehicle
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:53,930 --> 00:04:57,890
187
+ engine is often given in brake horse power.
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:01,330 --> 00:05:04,970
191
+ This is the power of an engine's output shaft
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:04,970 --> 00:05:09,130
195
+ measured in horsepower ุญุณุจ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:09,130 --> 00:05:11,290
199
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:11,290 --> 00:05:13,330
203
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:13,330 --> 00:05:16,110
207
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:16,110 --> 00:05:16,310
211
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:16,310 --> 00:05:16,430
215
+ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุต
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:23,660
219
+ ุงู„ู€ internal combustion engine petrol ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ ูŠุฌุจ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:23,660 --> 00:05:29,840
223
+ ุฃู† ูŠูู‡ู…ูƒูˆุง ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ูˆ ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:29,840 --> 00:05:37,180
227
+ ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ ุงู„ solar ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุชูŠุฑ ุงู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:37,180 --> 00:05:40,860
231
+ solar ุฒู…ุงู† ุฃูŠุงู… ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ solar ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุชุดุบู„ุช ุนู„ู‰
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:40,860 --> 00:05:47,750
235
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒูŠุชู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฒูŠุช ุจู†ุญุฑุฌ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:47,750 --> 00:05:52,430
239
+ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุดุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุญุชุฑู‚ุฉ ุจุชู†ุดุบู„ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:52,430 --> 00:05:57,010
243
+ ุฃุญูƒูŠู„ูƒู… ูƒูŠู ุงู„ูุฑู‚ this means they are driven by
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:57,010 --> 00:06:01,010
247
+ combustion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู‚ burning of fuel
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:01,010 --> 00:06:04,950
251
+ in enclosed sealed spaces called combustion
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:11,050
255
+ chambers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู‚ ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:11,050 --> 00:06:17,890
259
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ chamber ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงูˆ ูุฑู† ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู‚ in
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:17,890 --> 00:06:20,870
263
+ petrol and diesel engine the combustion chambers
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:20,870 --> 00:06:25,890
267
+ are cylinders surrounding by a cylinder block ู‡ูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:25,890 --> 00:06:33,230
271
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃุณุทูˆุงู†ุงุช ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจุฅูŠุด ุจุนูˆุงุฒู„ ู„ู„ุฃุณุทูˆุงู†ุงุช and
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:33,230 --> 00:06:36,690
275
+ closed at the top by a cylinder head ูˆู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ููˆู‚
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:36,690 --> 00:06:42,880
279
+ ุจุฑุงุณ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑeach cylinder contain ุงูŠุดุŸ a
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:50,660
283
+ piston ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ pistonุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:50,660 --> 00:06:58,120
287
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:58,120 --> 00:07:02,900
291
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุงู†ุฉ ู…ูƒุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจุณ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ุฌูŠุจู„ูƒูˆุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:02,900 --> 00:07:08,770
295
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ู„ููˆู‚ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ู„ุชุญุชูุญุฑูƒุชู‡ ู‡ุงุฏู‰
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:08,770 --> 00:07:12,910
299
+ ุจุชุชุจู†ู‰ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ู„ุชุญุช ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุบุงุฒ ู‡ุงู† ุงูˆ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:12,910 --> 00:07:17,290
303
+ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠูƒุจุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ูƒุจุณ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:17,290 --> 00:07:22,230
307
+ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุญุงูŠู… ูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุจุณุชูˆู† ููŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:22,230 --> 00:07:23,270
311
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:27,390 --> 00:07:32,710
315
+ ู…ูƒุจุณ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ูุตุญู‰ ุจุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจุงุณุชูˆู† ุงุณุฃู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:32,710 --> 00:07:37,490
319
+ ุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ุจุงุณุชูˆู† ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:37,490 --> 00:07:41,870
323
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ู…ุด ู…ุณุชู‡ู„ูƒุฉ ู„ู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุนุงุฏุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:41,870 --> 00:07:46,690
327
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงุณุชูˆู† ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุญุจ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:46,690 --> 00:07:51,270
331
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ุจุงุณุชูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุญุจ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:51,270 --> 00:07:56,750
335
+ ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉุทูŠุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ contain
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:56,750 --> 00:07:59,370
339
+ each cylinder contain a piston the number of
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:59,370 --> 00:08:02,710
343
+ piston cylinder in the engine vary engine in a
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:02,710 --> 00:08:06,930
347
+ small motorcycle have only one piston ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูˆุฑ ุณุงูƒู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:06,930 --> 00:08:11,940
351
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุงุณุชูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฏู‡ ุจุชุชุทู„ุน
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:11,940 --> 00:08:17,840
355
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูƒูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ุต ุงู„ุญุดูŠุดุŒ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:23,300
359
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณุชูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:23,300 --> 00:08:29,960
363
+ motorcycles ููŠู‡ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุณุชูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:29,960 --> 00:08:33,440
367
+ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุณุชูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:38,550
371
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:38,550 --> 00:08:43,890
375
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ููŠู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุจุชุดูˆููŠ ุณุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:43,890 --> 00:08:47,070
379
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฏูŠ ุจุชุณุญุจ ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:47,070 --> 00:08:51,430
383
+ ุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชุณูˆู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ุงูŠุด
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:51,430 --> 00:08:55,630
387
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ option ู
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:55,630 --> 00:09:00,670
391
+ .. ูุจุฏู‡ุง ุจู„ุฏ ู…ุง ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุด ุบุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:00,670 --> 00:09:05,520
395
+ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุงู‚ู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุทูŠุจ while sport car
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:05,520 --> 00:09:10,320
399
+ engines may have twelve ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูุฑุงุฑูŠูˆ ุฌู…ุงุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:10,320 --> 00:09:14,480
403
+ ู‡ูŠ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุจุงู‚ ุจุฏู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:21,320
407
+ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ pistons ุจุฒูŠุฏ ูููŠู‡ุง ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:21,320 --> 00:09:25,320
411
+ fuel is supplies to each cylinder from a tank in
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:29,780
415
+ most enginesthe flow of fuel is generated by a
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:29,780 --> 00:09:32,660
419
+ pump which is .. which forces it at a high
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:32,660 --> 00:09:36,560
423
+ pressure ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ fuel pump
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:36,560 --> 00:09:39,720
427
+ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู„ู…ุง ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฑูŠ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:43,340
431
+ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฎุฑุจ ูˆ ุชุณูƒู†
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:43,340 --> 00:09:47,180
435
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ููƒุงู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุตู†ูŠุญ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ูุนุฑูู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ูˆูŠู†
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:47,180 --> 00:09:50,920
439
+ ู…ุญู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ tank ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ tank ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:54,700
443
+ ุชุญุช .. ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ููŠ ุชุญุช
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:54,700 --> 00:09:58,990
447
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงู„ููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุชุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃูŠุงู… ู‡ุฐูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:58,990 --> 00:10:04,510
451
+ allowing it to mix ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ forces it at a
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:04,510 --> 00:10:08,270
455
+ high pressure true fuel injection ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:08,270 --> 00:10:13,450
459
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ fuel injection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุถุฎ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:13,450 --> 00:10:19,780
463
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ inject ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุถุฎ ุงู„ fuelุฃูˆ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ุถุบุท
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:19,780 --> 00:10:24,440
467
+ ุงู„ููŠูˆู„ุŒ these vaporize the fuel allowing it to mix
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:24,440 --> 00:10:29,440
471
+ with airุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:29,440 --> 00:10:34,530
475
+ ูŠุฎุชู„ุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกUsing this mixture of fuel and air,
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:34,650 --> 00:10:39,110
479
+ most engines function as four-stroke engines ู‡ุฐุง
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:39,110 --> 00:10:42,430
483
+ ู…ู† .. ู‡ู†ุชูุณุฑ ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ four-stroke engine ูู…ุนุธู…
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:42,430 --> 00:10:46,470
487
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุฏุฉ .. ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุชูŠุฑ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ four
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:46,470 --> 00:10:50,510
491
+ -stroke engine this mean they work on a cycle of
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:50,510 --> 00:10:56,970
495
+ four stages ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„cycle ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„or for a
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:56,970 --> 00:11:00,670
499
+ stroke a stroke is an upward or downward movement
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:00,670 --> 00:11:04,230
503
+ of a piston ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ุงู„ upward ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:04,230 --> 00:11:08,050
507
+ ููŠ ุงู„ downward ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง induction or
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:08,050 --> 00:11:12,310
511
+ intake ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฏุฎุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:12,310 --> 00:11:16,030
515
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ compression ุงู„ุถุบุท ุชุงู„ุช ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ power or
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:16,030 --> 00:11:19,490
519
+ ignition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุนู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุดุชุนุงู„ ุฎุงู…ุณ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:19,490 --> 00:11:23,130
523
+ exhaust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ูุณุฑ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู…
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:23,130 --> 00:11:28,250
527
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„induction or intake the intake valve open
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:28,250 --> 00:11:32,450
531
+ the mixture enter the cylinder through a port in
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:32,450 --> 00:11:36,410
535
+ the cylinder head while the piston moves downward
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:36,410 --> 00:11:39,530
539
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ููŠูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ piston
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:39,530 --> 00:11:44,390
543
+ ุจู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ downward ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:44,390 --> 00:11:49,810
547
+ compression the intake valve closes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู…
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:49,810 --> 00:11:55,240
551
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุดุจุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุจุณูƒุฑthe piston moves
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:55,240 --> 00:11:58,220
555
+ upward compressing the mixture ุงู„ุขู† ุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏู‰
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:58,220 --> 00:12:02,440
559
+ ุงู„ููŠูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ุงู„ piston ูƒุงู† ุฃุณูู„ ูุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑุฌุน ู„ููˆู‚ ุงูŠุด
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:02,440 --> 00:12:08,080
563
+ ู‡ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู‡ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ููŠูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:08,080 --> 00:12:12,960
567
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ูˆ ุงู„ููŠูˆู„ ูุจุนู…ู„ compression power or ignition
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:12,960 --> 00:12:17,460
571
+ the spark plug ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุจูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุญุฏ ุณู…ุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:17,460 --> 00:12:23,450
575
+ ููŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุดุฑุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูˆุฌูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููˆู‚
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:23,450 --> 00:12:30,650
579
+ ูˆุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑุงุณู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ุฎุฒููŠ ุชุญุช ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:30,650 --> 00:12:36,190
583
+ ููˆู‚ ุฑุงุณ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุชู†ุดุจูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุงููˆู‡ู… ููŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:36,190 --> 00:12:43,110
587
+ ุบุฒุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูˆุฌูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ English ุงุณู…ู‡ุง spark plug
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:46,700 --> 00:12:51,960
591
+ ุจุฏุฑูˆุณุฌ ุฃุณุจุงุฑูƒ ู„ุฅู† ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุทู„ุน ุชุทู„ุน ุดุฑุงุฑุฉ which
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:55,980
595
+ ignites or lights the mixture on the ignition the
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:55,980 --> 00:12:59,720
599
+ mixture explode generating a sudden pressure which
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:59,720 --> 00:13:03,900
603
+ forces the piston down ูุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:03,900 --> 00:13:08,120
607
+ ุงุดุชุนุงู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ explosion ู…ุน ุงู„ุถุบุท ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:12,760
611
+ piston ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููˆู‚ ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุชุญุชุงู„ exhaust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:17,700
615
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌ ุงูˆ ุงู„ muffler ุงูˆ ุจุญูŠุงุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:17,700 --> 00:13:21,980
619
+ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ exhaust valves open and the piston moves
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:21,980 --> 00:13:25,760
623
+ upward ูุจูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ exhaust ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ piston
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:30,960
627
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุทู„ุน ู„ููˆู‚ forcing the exhaust gases those
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:30,960 --> 00:13:35,210
631
+ produced during the combustion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:35,210 --> 00:13:38,450
635
+ ุงู„ุงุดุชุนุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชู…ู‡ุง out of the cylinder via the
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:38,450 --> 00:13:42,850
639
+ exhaust port the exhaust valve then closes and the
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:42,850 --> 00:13:48,030
643
+ cycle begins again ูู‡ูˆ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณูˆูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:48,030 --> 00:13:52,750
647
+ ุงู„ intake ุงูˆ ุงู„ induction ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ fuel ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:52,750 --> 00:13:57,570
651
+ vapor ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ mixed with gas ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ piston ุนู†ุฏู‰
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:57,570 --> 00:14:02,630
655
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุจู†ุฒู„ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู€ intake
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:02,630 --> 00:14:09,850
659
+ valve ุจูŠุณูƒุฑ ุจูŠุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:09,850 --> 00:14:15,210
663
+ ุงู„ piston ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ move upward ุจูŠุบุทูŠ ุงู„ gas ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:15,210 --> 00:14:19,450
667
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ spark plug
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:19,450 --> 00:14:24,150
671
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ignition ุงูˆ ุดุฑุงุฑุฉ spark ูุง ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:24,150 --> 00:14:27,910
675
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุญุชุฑุงู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ combustion ู‡ุงุฏ ุงูˆ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:27,910 --> 00:14:33,520
679
+ ุงู„ ignition ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ gasesุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุช ู‡ุงุฐูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:36,840
683
+ ุจุชุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ pistonุŒ ุงู„ piston ุจู†ุฒู„ downุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:40,260
687
+ ุจูุชุญ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ release ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุชุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:40,260 --> 00:14:44,660
691
+ ุงู„ exhaustุŒ ุงู„ exhaust valveุŒ ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุงุฐูŠุŒ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:44,660 --> 00:14:48,080
695
+ ูุจุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุชุŒ ูุงู„ piston ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ููˆู‚ุŒ ูˆ ุจุชุฑุฌุน
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:48,080 --> 00:14:50,360
699
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:53,380 --> 00:14:56,780
703
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ complete the text about diesel engine
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:56,780 --> 00:15:00,460
707
+ using the words from A and B diesel engine differ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:00,460 --> 00:15:05,820
711
+ from ู…ูŠู†ุŸ petrol ุงู„ petrol ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:05,820 --> 00:15:11,640
715
+ petrol ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ gas ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:15,980
719
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงููŠู† gas engine in one key respect they are
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:15,980 --> 00:15:21,210
723
+ not fitted with ุงูŠุดุŸุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉุŸ ุนู…ุฑูƒูˆุง .. ุญุฏ ููŠูƒูˆุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:21,210 --> 00:15:26,550
727
+ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ motor ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ุŒ ููŠุด spark plugs
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:26,550 --> 00:15:30,730
731
+ ููŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง spark plugs ููŠ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู†ุŒ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:30,730 --> 00:15:35,350
735
+ ุดุจุงุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนุฑู ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ูƒูˆุงุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:35,350 --> 00:15:41,900
739
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุจูŠุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชูƒู…ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง with a spark
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:41,900 --> 00:15:46,160
743
+ plug in each cylinder to ignite the fuel this is
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:46,160 --> 00:15:50,640
747
+ because when ุงูŠุด of the diesel and air ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:50,640 --> 00:15:53,720
751
+ mixture ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุงุญุฒู…ุฉ ุชุดูˆููˆุง diesel and
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:53,720 --> 00:15:58,820
755
+ air ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ mixture is compressed inside a hot ุงูŠุด
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:58,820 --> 00:16:06,580
759
+ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ chamber
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:09,260 --> 00:16:13,780
763
+ ุฅูŠุด ุณุงู…ู†ุงู‡ุง combustion chamber it will explode
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:13,780 --> 00:16:18,180
767
+ spontaneously without the need for a spark to
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:18,180 --> 00:16:26,120
771
+ provide ุฅูŠุด ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ignition ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠู‡
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:26,120 --> 00:16:31,420
775
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุฏู‚ ุงู„ combustion chamber ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุง
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:31,420 --> 00:16:36,260
779
+ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูŠู†ุถุบุท ูˆ ุชุฌูŠู„ู‡ ignition ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุจุชุดุชุนู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:38,510 --> 00:16:42,930
783
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:42,930 --> 00:16:47,150
787
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู†ุฏุฑ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:47,150 --> 00:16:51,190
791
+ ู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:51,190 --> 00:17:00,470
795
+ ุงู„ุณูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒุดู† ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฎู„ุงู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:00,470 --> 00:17:06,130
799
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆ ู„ุง .. ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด .. ุฃูŠ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:06,130 --> 00:17:12,430
803
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆ ู„ุง ..ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ ignition stage only
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:12,430 --> 00:17:16,650
807
+ air and not an air fuel mixture is pressurized
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:16,650 --> 00:17:20,490
811
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏ .. ุงู„ compression ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ compression
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:20,490 --> 00:17:24,430
815
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ during ุงู„ first stage ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ induction ุงู„
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:24,430 --> 00:17:27,830
819
+ second stage ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง .. ุฃูˆ ุงู„ intake ุงู„ second stage
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:27,830 --> 00:17:33,090
823
+ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ compressionis pressurized it's only at
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:33,090 --> 00:17:35,750
827
+ that last instance when the fuel compression has
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:35,750 --> 00:17:40,090
831
+ occurred and that the ash above each cylinder
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:40,090 --> 00:17:43,130
835
+ forces vaporized diesel into the combustion
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:43,130 --> 00:17:49,330
839
+ chamber ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ fuel ุงู„ fuel above ุชุชุฌูŠุด
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:49,330 --> 00:17:56,320
843
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠุงู„ู€ fuel injector ุงู„ู€ fuel injector
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:56,320 --> 00:17:59,720
847
+ above each cylinder forces the vaporized diesel
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:59,720 --> 00:18:06,780
851
+ into the combustion chamber where it ignites ุทูŠุจ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:06,780 --> 00:18:12,020
855
+ diesel engine operates at lower speed than petrol
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:12,020 --> 00:18:17,700
859
+ engines ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ speed ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:17,700 --> 00:18:23,580
863
+ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ more efficientุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:23,580 --> 00:18:31,780
867
+ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ุฏูŠุฒู„ ู„ูŠุดุŸู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠุชุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:31,780 --> 00:18:35,880
871
+ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ mileage ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูุจุชูˆูุฑ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:35,880 --> 00:18:39,540
875
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง lower speed than petrol engines
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:39,540 --> 00:18:42,040
879
+ making them less suitable for high speed
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:42,040 --> 00:18:46,340
883
+ applications ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏู‡ุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:46,340 --> 00:18:50,960
887
+ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุด ุงูŠุด ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุงุช
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:55,320
891
+ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุด diesel ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ heavy machines ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:55,320 --> 00:19:02,380
895
+ ู…ุด dieselhowever they are more able to power
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:02,380 --> 00:19:07,380
899
+ heavy vehicle as they can produce greater amount
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:07,380 --> 00:19:13,900
903
+ of torque than petrol engine ุงูŠุด ุงู„ torqueุŸ ุนุฒู…
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:13,900 --> 00:19:21,780
907
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุนุฑููƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนุฑูู‡ ุงูŠุด
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:21,780 --> 00:19:28,360
911
+ ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ camp shaft ุงู„ู„ูŠ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:28,360 --> 00:19:32,460
915
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ camp ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ mixture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:32,460 --> 00:19:38,380
919
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ mixture air and gas ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:38,380 --> 00:19:43,380
923
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ valve ุงู„ intake ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:43,380 --> 00:19:48,420
927
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู†ุฒู„ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:53,480
931
+ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ chamberุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด combustion chamber
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:53,480 --> 00:20:00,100
935
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณูŠู„ู†ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:00,100 --> 00:20:06,740
939
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:06,740 --> 00:20:09,480
943
+ ุงู„ spark plug ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑูุด ุชุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุดูƒู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:09,480 --> 00:20:14,900
947
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ spark plug ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:14,900 --> 00:20:19,280
951
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุงุถ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฒุงูุฉุŒ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:19,280 --> 00:20:23,780
955
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุดุนู„ุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ูˆ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:23,780 --> 00:20:28,140
959
+ ูุชุญุชูˆู‡ุง ูˆุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุนู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจุงู†ุฉ ููŠู‡ู…
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:28,140 --> 00:20:33,740
963
+ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุนุณูˆุงู†ูุจุชุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุทู„ุช ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุดุนู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:33,740 --> 00:20:37,720
967
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุด ุน ุณูˆุงุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุตุฏูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุทู„ุน ุดุนู„ุฉ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:37,720 --> 00:20:44,160
971
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ spring .. ุงู„ valve
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:48,760
975
+ spring ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ exhaust valve ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุทู„ุน
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:55,310
979
+ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ exhaust ู‡ู†ุง six ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŸcylinder head
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:55,310 --> 00:20:59,730
983
+ ู‡ุฐุง cooling water ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:59,730 --> 00:21:07,270
987
+ ุงู„ piston ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูุงู„ู…ูƒุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุน ููˆู‚
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:07,270 --> 00:21:11,970
991
+ ุงูˆ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุชุญุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:11,970 --> 00:21:16,500
995
+ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุดุงูุงู„ู…ูˆุงุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠู…ุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุจูˆุงุจ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:16,500 --> 00:21:20,280
999
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุทู„ุน ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:20,280 --> 00:21:26,760
1003
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ canol case ุงูˆ ุงู„ solar
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:26,760 --> 00:21:31,920
1007
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูƒูˆูŠุณ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:31,920 --> 00:21:34,680
1011
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠุจุบู‰ ูŠุฎู„ุตู†ุง chapter
1012
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwYzxItuFJ3u0l52cGGpeZEW/zeE2XZZaJ6I.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1519 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:26,130
3
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ูƒุชุงุจุฉ 4 ูƒุชุงุจุฉ 4
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,130 --> 00:00:36,910
7
+ ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุงุช ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุณู†ุบุทูŠู‡
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:36,910 --> 00:00:41,370
11
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุช ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุช ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุนุถูˆูŠุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:41,370 --> 00:00:46,530
15
+ ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุช ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ุงุชุตุงู„ุงุช ุนุถูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุนุถูˆูŠุฉ Linear
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:46,530 --> 00:00:51,710
19
+ Dimension ุงู„ูˆูŠุจ ุจูŠุฌ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฃู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู Airbus
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:51,710 --> 00:01:00,130
23
+ A380 ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุฑุจุงุต ุฅูŠุฑุจุงุต ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:01:00,130 --> 00:01:06,570
27
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุดุฑูƒุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุชุตู†ุน ุฅูŠุฑุจุงุต Boeing ุณู…ุนุชูˆุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:06,570 --> 00:01:07,890
31
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุจูˆูŠู†ุฌ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:15,260
35
+ ู‡ู† ุดุฑูƒุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ Airbus
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:15,260 --> 00:01:20,960
39
+ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Boeing .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ Boeing ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:25,680
43
+ ุงู„ู€ Airbus ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุทูŠุฑุงู† ููŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:31,100
47
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง Airbus ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:31,100 --> 00:01:37,260
51
+ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช Airbus A380 ู‡ุฐุง ุฑู‚ู… ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ูƒู„ ุฑู‚ู… ููŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:37,260 --> 00:01:41,540
55
+ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ dimensions ูˆุฅู„ู‡ุง
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:41,540 --> 00:01:48,160
59
+ capacity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุดุฉ ุจุชุชุณุน ู„ุฑูƒุงุจ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑูƒุจ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:48,160 --> 00:01:51,460
63
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช ููŠ ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ููˆู‚
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:51,460 --> 00:01:58,340
67
+ ุงู„ู€ 600 ุฑุงูƒุจ ููŠ ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช ุจุชุงุฎุฏ 400 ุฑุงูƒุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:58,340 --> 00:02:02,540
71
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ 400 ุฑุงูƒุจ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฑูƒุงุจ ููŠ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูˆููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:02,540 --> 00:02:05,760
75
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุชูุน ููŠู‡ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ูˆูƒู„ ุดูŠุก
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:05,760 --> 00:02:10,120
79
+ ูุงุญู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆูŠุจ ุจูŠุฌ ูŠูˆุฒ ุงู„ู€ key
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:10,120 --> 00:02:16,380
83
+ dimension of the Airbus A380 in meters and the
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:16,380 --> 00:02:19,740
87
+ explanations below it describe how they are
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:19,740 --> 00:02:25,530
91
+ measured in the explanations the word plane the
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:25,530 --> 00:02:29,450
95
+ word plane means an imaginary surface not an
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:29,450 --> 00:02:33,850
99
+ aeroplane ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ aeroplane ุงู„ู„ูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:33,850 --> 00:02:39,830
103
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ word plane ูŠุนู†ูŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:39,830 --> 00:02:48,650
107
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณุทุญ imaginary surface ุณุทุญ ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ ุนู„ู‰
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:48,650 --> 00:02:53,070
111
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช ุชุธู‡ุฑ ูƒุฎุทูˆุท ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู†
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:53,070 --> 00:02:57,850
115
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ุชู… ุชู‚ุฏูŠู…ู‡ ู…ู† ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุงุช ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุฅู† ู‡ู…ุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:57,850 --> 00:03:03,870
119
+ ุณุทุญ ู…ู† ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู† ูˆ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:03,870 --> 00:03:10,690
123
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุชู„ู…ุณ ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:10,690 --> 00:03:15,790
127
+ ูˆุงู†ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงุชูˆุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ strikeุŸ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:15,790 --> 00:03:21,520
131
+ ุงู„ู€ strikeุŸ ู‡ู†ุง realness technical ุจุณ strike ุฅูŠุด
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:21,520 --> 00:03:27,440
135
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŸ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ strike
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:27,440 --> 00:03:32,660
139
+ ุงู„ุฅุถุฑุงุจ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุถุฑุจ ุนู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:32,660 --> 00:03:38,480
143
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ strike ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ strike ู„ู…ุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:38,480 --> 00:03:43,980
147
+ ููŠู‡ .. ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุนุตุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ baseball ูˆู…ุงูŠุตูŠุจุด ู‡ุฐุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:43,980 --> 00:03:47,960
151
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฎู„ุต strike out ูŠุถุฑุจ strike something
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:47,960 --> 00:03:54,060
155
+ ุถุฑุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ูู€ strike ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:54,060 --> 00:03:58,960
159
+ strike ูˆุงู„ู€ .. ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ measurement
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:58,960 --> 00:04:04,360
163
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ touch ูŠู„ุงู…ุณ ุงู„ู€ faces ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:04,360 --> 00:04:08,900
167
+ ุงู„ู€ face ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ faces ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:08,900 --> 00:04:14,820
171
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู€ edges ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ูˆุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ surfaces ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:14,820 --> 00:04:19,420
175
+ two words ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุฏูƒู… ุชู…ูŠุฒูˆู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:19,420 --> 00:04:24,950
179
+ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุนู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ strike ูˆ faces of
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:24,950 --> 00:04:28,830
183
+ components often they are either horizontal planes
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:28,830 --> 00:04:32,650
187
+ or vertical planes ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ planes ูŠุง ุงู…ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:32,650 --> 00:04:37,030
191
+ horizontal ูŠุง ุงู…ุง vertical ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุงุฆู„ูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:37,030 --> 00:04:42,370
195
+ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง inclines ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ airplane ุงู„ู€ Airbus 380
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:42,370 --> 00:04:47,490
199
+ dimensions ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:47,490 --> 00:04:54,090
203
+ ุงู„ู€ nose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ู ุงู„ุงู†ุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุขุฎุฑ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:54,090 --> 00:04:58,750
207
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ hand ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู„ู„ู€ tail ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:58,750 --> 00:05:03,970
211
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ overall length ุงู„ู€ height ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:03,970 --> 00:05:08,510
215
+ ground ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ tip of the tail ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุดูŠุก ู‡ุฐุง
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:08,510 --> 00:05:13,630
219
+ ุงู„ู€ height ุงู„ุงู†ุซ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cabins ูˆ ููŠ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:13,630 --> 00:05:19,650
223
+ ุงู„ู€ what ุงู„ู€ fuselage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุณ ู…ู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:19,650 --> 00:05:22,510
227
+ ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒุงู…ู„ุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ dimension ู…ู†
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:22,510 --> 00:05:26,950
231
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู€ cabin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุจุณ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:26,950 --> 00:05:31,870
235
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง overall length is a
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:31,870 --> 00:05:38,210
239
+ measurement of how long the aircraft is in total
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:38,210 --> 00:05:43,410
243
+ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ length ุงู„ู€ length ู„ู„ู€ table ู‡ุง for
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:43,410 --> 00:05:48,170
247
+ example ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ edge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู†ู„ู€ edge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:48,170 --> 00:06:04,750
251
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ total length ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ overall length okay
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:04,750 --> 00:06:08,670
255
+ what we gonna say is the measurement is taken
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:08,670 --> 00:06:12,490
259
+ between two points that are furthest apart ูŠุนู†ูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:12,490 --> 00:06:22,170
263
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ two points separated by the most distance the
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:22,170 --> 00:06:27,170
267
+ front and the rear extremities ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ extremities
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:27,170 --> 00:06:32,890
271
+ ุจู†ู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฅูŠุด
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:32,890 --> 00:06:37,530
275
+ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏูŠู† ูˆุฃุตุงุจุน ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:37,530 --> 00:06:42,700
279
+ extremities ูู‡ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุบุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:42,700 --> 00:06:46,600
283
+ ุญูŠู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุจู†ุดุจู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:46,600 --> 00:06:51,940
287
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู€ extremities ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูุฃุทุฑุงู ุฌุณู…
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:51,940 --> 00:06:56,100
291
+ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ nose
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:56,100 --> 00:07:00,580
295
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูˆุขุฎุฑ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ู€ rear ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:00,580 --> 00:07:04,960
299
+ along the length of the aircraft
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:14,550 --> 00:07:22,190
303
+ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:22,190 --> 00:07:28,530
307
+ ุจูŠู† ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุฃุณุทุญ ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุฃุณุทุญ ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:28,530 --> 00:07:37,510
311
+ ุฃุณุทุญ ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ุณุทุญ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู† ูˆููŠู‡ ุณุทุญ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:37,510 --> 00:07:41,430
315
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ overall length of the plane
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:41,430 --> 00:07:51,950
319
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wingspan ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ wingspanุŸ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:51,950 --> 00:07:56,310
323
+ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ wingspan ุชุจุนูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:57,260 --> 00:08:01,220
327
+ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู ู„ู„ุทุฑู ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ wing
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:01,220 --> 00:08:06,100
331
+ span ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู…ุฏุงู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:06,100 --> 00:08:09,760
335
+ ู†ุณู„ูˆูƒ ู…ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู†ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:14,680
339
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู‚ ู„ู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ wing span ุงู„ุนุตูˆุฑ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:14,680 --> 00:08:19,000
343
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ุญูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠูุฑุฏูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ wing span ู‡ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:24,000
347
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ wing span ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ูุฑุฏุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:28,120
351
+ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง wingspan ุงู„ุนูŠุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:32,960
355
+ ู‡ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุงุญูŠู† ุชุจุนูŠู†ู‡ุง ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ wingspanุŸ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:34,160 --> 00:08:37,140
359
+ ุงู„ู€ wing span is the total distance spanned by
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:37,140 --> 00:08:43,540
363
+ both wings ู‚ุฏุงุด ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ wing ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ุชูุฑุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:43,540 --> 00:08:47,460
367
+ ู‡ุฐุง span ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ span is measured as a
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:47,460 --> 00:08:51,600
371
+ straight line between the two wing tips ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:51,600 --> 00:08:55,540
375
+ ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:55,540 --> 00:08:56,040
379
+ ู‡ู†ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:01,580 --> 00:09:05,580
383
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ height overall height
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:05,580 --> 00:09:09,480
387
+ measured is how tall the aircraft is the dimension
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:09,480 --> 00:09:13,480
391
+ is measured vertically between the underside of
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:13,480 --> 00:09:18,700
395
+ the wheels and a horizontal plane striking the top
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:18,700 --> 00:09:22,180
399
+ of the tail ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:22,180 --> 00:09:27,100
403
+ ุงู„ุฅุนุฌุงู„ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฏูŠู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:27,100 --> 00:09:31,550
407
+ ู„ูˆ ุญุงุทูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฏูŠู„ horizontal plane ู‡ุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:31,550 --> 00:09:35,650
411
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฅุนุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† the
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:35,650 --> 00:09:40,550
415
+ distance between the bottom of the wheels and the
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:40,550 --> 00:09:44,990
419
+ plane covering the top of the tail ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:44,990 --> 00:09:50,290
423
+ vertical distance ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ overhaul height
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:52,630 --> 00:09:57,370
427
+ Okay maximum fuselage width ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ..
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:57,370 --> 00:10:01,070
431
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ูˆุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:01,070 --> 00:10:04,230
435
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ู€ width ุงู„ู€ width ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:04,230 --> 00:10:10,230
439
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ูˆุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ fuselage
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:10,230 --> 00:10:16,610
443
+ ุงู„ู€ fuselage ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู„ู€ external is the
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:16,610 --> 00:10:21,860
447
+ external width of the aircraft body how wide it is
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:21,860 --> 00:10:25,320
451
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุญุฏ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุญุณุจ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ู† ุจุฑุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:30,100
455
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุชุจุนู‡ุง measured horizontally between vertical
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:30,100 --> 00:10:33,920
459
+ planes striking the outside faces of the fuselage
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:33,920 --> 00:10:37,540
463
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุงุฌูŠ ุจุฏุงุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุŒ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:37,540 --> 00:10:41,760
467
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุจุงุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ tangent plane ูˆู‡ู†ุง tangent
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:46,540
471
+ plane ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ tangentุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠูƒู‰ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:46,540 --> 00:10:50,520
475
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง vertical ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:53,840
479
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ maximum ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ distance ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:53,840 --> 00:10:58,540
483
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ plane ู‡ุงูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:58,540 --> 00:11:04,860
487
+ ุงู„ู€ fuselage width ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:04,860 --> 00:11:08,320
491
+ ุงู„ู€ maximum cabin widths ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cabin
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:08,320 --> 00:11:11,820
495
+ ุงู„ู€ cabin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:11,820 --> 00:11:17,000
499
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ states the maximum internal width ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:19,780
503
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:22,340 --> 00:11:26,440
507
+ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:31,820
511
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุฃู†ุช measure between the
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:31,820 --> 00:11:36,020
515
+ inside faces of the fuselage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:36,020 --> 00:11:40,860
519
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ the measurement is equivalent to the
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:40,860 --> 00:11:46,000
523
+ external width ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ less
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:49,920
527
+ than the thickness of the fuselage at each side of
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:54,320
531
+ the aircraft ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ width ุชุจุน ุงู„ูƒุงุจูŠู†
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:54,320 --> 00:11:57,360
535
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ width ุชุจุน ุงู„ููŠุณูˆู„ุงุฌ minus ุงู„ thickness
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:57,360 --> 00:12:05,020
539
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ูƒู„ side ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:05,020 --> 00:12:07,600
543
+ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุงุฌู‡ุช
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:14,810 --> 00:12:18,430
547
+ notes when written the word dimension and
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:18,430 --> 00:12:22,750
551
+ dimensions are ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง dimension often
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:22,750 --> 00:12:29,330
555
+ abbreviated ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด dime ุงูˆ dimes ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:29,330 --> 00:12:33,550
559
+ ู„ dimension ูˆ dimensions span is also used to
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:33,550 --> 00:12:37,370
563
+ describe the distance crossed by a bridge between
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:37,370 --> 00:12:41,090
567
+ its supporters ุงู„ bridge ุนุงุฏุฉ ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:41,090 --> 00:12:46,740
571
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ bridge ุฌุณุฑ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:46,740 --> 00:12:52,600
575
+ ุงู„ุนู…ุฏุงู† ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:52,600 --> 00:13:00,820
579
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŸ ููŠ ุณู„ุงูƒ ู…ุญุชูˆุทุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุณุงุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ู…
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:00,820 --> 00:13:07,410
583
+ insulators ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตุญูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:07,410 --> 00:13:11,130
587
+ ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ bridge ุฅู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:11,130 --> 00:13:15,410
591
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง suspended bridge ุฌุณูˆุฑ ู…ุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:15,410 --> 00:13:21,680
595
+ ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ุฉุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู…ูˆุฏ ูˆููŠ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ูˆููŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฅูŠุด
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:21,680 --> 00:13:25,600
599
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:25,600 --> 00:13:29,660
603
+ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ assignment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญู„ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:29,660 --> 00:13:33,280
607
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ span span span is also used to
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:33,280 --> 00:13:35,900
611
+ describe the distance crossed by a bridge between
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:35,900 --> 00:13:40,840
615
+ its supporters ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:40,840 --> 00:13:47,000
619
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง span ูƒู…ุงู† if a bridge has a support at its
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:51,700
623
+ center as well as at each end it has two spans
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:51,700 --> 00:13:56,580
627
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุฌู„ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:56,580 --> 00:14:02,000
631
+ ู‡ู†ุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:09,780
635
+ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู…ูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:09,780 --> 00:14:16,530
639
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ bridge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:16,530 --> 00:14:24,290
643
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู„ุจุฑุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ two spans ุฃู…ุง
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:24,290 --> 00:14:28,390
647
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ ูุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ one span ุงู„ู„ูŠ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:28,390 --> 00:14:35,810
651
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:35,810 --> 00:14:42,790
655
+ span ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุชู‰ ู„ุนูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุฉ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:43,880 --> 00:14:49,320
659
+ ู„ุนุจุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุฉ ุจูŠุฌูŠุซูˆุง ุงู„ wingspan ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุด
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:49,320 --> 00:14:54,000
663
+ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ู„ู‚ุฏุงุด ุชุตู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ุŒ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:58,460
667
+ ูุจูŠุฌูŠุซูˆุง ุงู„ wingspan ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ูŠุŒ ุนุณุงุณ ู‡ุฐุง
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:58,460 --> 00:15:03,580
671
+ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡ู… ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุทูˆุงู„ุŒ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:03,580 --> 00:15:07,700
675
+ ู…ุด ุจุชุชู†ุงุณุจุด ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง advantage ููŠ ู„ุนุจุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุฉ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:12,180 --> 00:15:16,600
679
+ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ level ูˆ plump ุฅูŠุด level ูˆ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:21,420
683
+ plumpุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู„ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:21,420 --> 00:15:27,840
687
+ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุทูŠุจ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:27,840 --> 00:15:33,360
691
+ ู‡ู†ุง if a service is described as being level
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:33,360 --> 00:15:38,920
695
+ level ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ this means it
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:44,010
699
+ is both horizontal and flat ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ horizontalุŸ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:44,010 --> 00:15:50,950
703
+ ุฃูู‚ูŠ ูˆ .. ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆ flatุŒ smooth ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:50,950 --> 00:15:54,290
707
+ ุณุทุญ .. ู‡ุง .. ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุฌูˆุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:54,290 --> 00:16:00,310
711
+ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ flatุŒ smoothุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุดุบู„ ุญุงุฌุงุช
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:00,310 --> 00:16:04,850
715
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ bridges ุงู„ .. ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:04,850 --> 00:16:07,990
719
+ ูุงุช ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฎุฒู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:07,990 --> 00:16:12,110
723
+ storage ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจุชุนุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ storage ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุดูŠู„
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:12,110 --> 00:16:17,610
727
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุงู„ุฑุงูุนุงุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:17,610 --> 00:16:22,370
731
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุงู„ surface ู…ุด flat ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:22,370 --> 00:16:27,990
735
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠู‡ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ .. ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:27,990 --> 00:16:32,870
739
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ู„ู„ุณุทุญ ุชุจุนูƒ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:32,870 --> 00:16:37,690
743
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชู…ุทุฑุŒ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุชุดุชุชุŒ ุชุทู„ุน ููˆู‚ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠุŸ ููŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:37,690 --> 00:16:42,030
747
+ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠู‡ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ percentage
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:42,030 --> 00:16:48,010
751
+ ุงู„ error ููŠ 5% ู„ู„ regular concrete ู„ุฃู† ู„ู…ุง ุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:48,010 --> 00:16:52,770
755
+ .. ู‡ุฐุง error 5% error ู„ู…ุง ุชุชูƒู„ู…ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:52,770 --> 00:16:57,410
759
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ 5% ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชูˆู‚ุน ุญุงุฌุงุช ู„ุฅู† ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:57,410 --> 00:17:01,510
763
+ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูˆ ุดุงูŠู„ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:01,510 --> 00:17:09,410
767
+ ูŠุฌุนู„ ูุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ุญุฏ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ 2% error ูู‡ุฏ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ ..
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:09,410 --> 00:17:13,130
771
+ ู‡ุฏ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠูŠู„ู†ุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:13,130 --> 00:17:18,910
775
+ ูู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู† ุฏู‡ horizontal level mean
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:18,910 --> 00:17:22,550
779
+ horizontal and flat however a surface which is
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:22,550 --> 00:17:27,450
783
+ flat is not necessarily horizontal ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุงุนู…
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:27,450 --> 00:17:32,410
787
+ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุจุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูู‚ูŠ a flat surface may be
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:32,410 --> 00:17:37,160
791
+ vertical or inclined vertical ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุณุทุญ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:37,160 --> 00:17:43,200
795
+ ุงู„ุญูŠุทุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ vertical ุงูˆ inclined ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฆู„ ู‡ูŠ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:48,060
799
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ inclined slopping at an angle to a horizontal
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:48,060 --> 00:17:54,840
803
+ or vertical plane ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ sloppingุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:54,840 --> 00:18:00,080
807
+ ูŠุฌูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ู„ุฒุฌ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:00,080 --> 00:18:04,900
811
+ ุงุฑุชุจุท ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐุง slop ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:18:06,530 --> 00:18:11,810
815
+ ูุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ flat ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:18:11,810 --> 00:18:15,910
819
+ inclined ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุดูŠ ูˆ ู†ุงุฒู„ faces that
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:15,910 --> 00:18:21,050
823
+ are vertical ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:21,050 --> 00:18:25,370
827
+ vertical ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ such as those of the walls of
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:25,370 --> 00:18:31,790
831
+ buildings ุฒูŠ ุญูˆุงู ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงู„ุญูŠุทุงู† are described by
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:31,790 --> 00:18:36,870
835
+ engineers as being plump ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ plumpุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:36,870 --> 00:18:44,230
839
+ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Plumb Vertical Structures that are
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:44,230 --> 00:18:48,190
843
+ slightly inclined from vertical are said to be out
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:48,190 --> 00:18:54,010
847
+ of plumb ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูŠู„ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด slightly ู‡ุฐุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:54,010 --> 00:18:59,950
851
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ out of plumb ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:59,950 --> 00:19:07,200
855
+ plumb ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฆู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:12,880
859
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ plump ูˆ ููŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:12,880 --> 00:19:18,440
863
+ ู‡ู†ุง out of plump ูˆ flat ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ level ู‡ุฏูˆู„
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:23,320
867
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุทุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:23,320 --> 00:19:31,220
871
+ ุงู„ hand ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ I have five words ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ five
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:31,220 --> 00:19:37,270
875
+ meanings ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ linked ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ .. ุทู„ุน
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:37,270 --> 00:19:41,530
879
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠุฉุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงุชุŸ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:41,530 --> 00:19:45,870
883
+ bridge ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุงุช the dimension of the
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:45,870 --> 00:19:49,950
887
+ meleau videc in France ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ bridge
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:49,950 --> 00:19:56,510
891
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ูุฑู†ุณุง ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ linked 2460
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:56,510 --> 00:20:02,210
895
+ meter ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุงู„ู€ overall length ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:20:02,210 --> 00:20:07,290
899
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ maximum between
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:20:07,290 --> 00:20:13,950
903
+ support is 342 meters ุงู„ maximum span ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:20:13,950 --> 00:20:19,790
907
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ู„ู‡ุงู† ูู‡ุฐุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:20:19,790 --> 00:20:26,210
911
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ span ุฌุงูˆุจ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุทูŠุจ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:27,270 --> 00:20:33,470
915
+ ุงู„ุขู† of the tallest support ground to deck 245
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:33,470 --> 00:20:38,290
919
+ meters ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ deck ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:38,290 --> 00:20:44,330
923
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ ground ู„ู„ุณุทุญ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ ุฅูŠุด
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:20:44,330 --> 00:20:48,750
927
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ height ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุทูŠุจ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:48,750 --> 00:20:56,340
931
+ ุฅูŠุด of deck is 32 meterุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชูˆู‚ุนุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงู„ูƒ ุนุฏูŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:56,340 --> 00:21:01,120
935
+ ุงู„ thickness ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ widthุŸ ุงู„ width ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:21:01,120 --> 00:21:06,340
939
+ thickness ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุŸ ุงู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:21:06,340 --> 00:21:12,240
943
+ thickness ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุณุงูุฉุŸ ุงู„ maximum distance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:21:12,240 --> 00:21:16,260
947
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ linked ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:21:16,260 --> 00:21:19,520
951
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุถุงู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:21:28,060 --> 00:21:33,900
955
+ Okay ุงู„ุขู† decide whether the sentences about the
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:33,900 --> 00:21:37,280
959
+ verdict are true or false and correct the false
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:37,280 --> 00:21:41,760
963
+ sentences ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุตู„ุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุง the height of
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:41,760 --> 00:21:46,620
967
+ the towers is measured horizontally ุตุญุŸ ุฅูŠุด
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:46,620 --> 00:21:53,190
971
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุงู„ height measured vertically the overall
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:53,190 --> 00:21:58,890
975
+ span is measured along the width of the bridge ุฅูŠุด
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:58,890 --> 00:22:02,310
979
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ measured along the width of the bridgeุŸ ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:22:02,310 --> 00:22:03,770
983
+ span ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ ..
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:11,140
987
+ the overall span is measured along the width of
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:22:11,140 --> 00:22:14,840
991
+ the bridgeุŒ the length of the bridge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฃูˆ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:22:14,840 --> 00:22:18,620
995
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ measured along
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:18,620 --> 00:22:21,540
999
+ the width of the bridgeุŸ the width of the bridge
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:21,540 --> 00:22:26,360
1003
+ measured ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุŒ the top .. the tops of the
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:26,360 --> 00:22:30,600
1007
+ towers are at different levels ุงู„ุขู† so a horizontal
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:30,600 --> 00:22:36,280
1011
+ plane striking the top of one tower will not
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:36,280 --> 00:22:41,400
1015
+ strike the top of all others ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุงุฑุชูุงุน
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:46,180
1019
+ ุงู„ towers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฎุชู„ูุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:46,180 --> 00:22:52,320
1023
+ a vertical plane ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุชุทุด ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุงุชุŸ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:58,440
1027
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุงุช ุจุฎุชู„ููŠู† ู‡ูŠุฎุชู„ูุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ the
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:58,440 --> 00:23:02,860
1031
+ highest point of a structure is the top
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:23:02,860 --> 00:23:07,280
1035
+ extremities of the highest tower ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ the
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:11,880
1039
+ highest point of the structure ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:15,760
1043
+ structure ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด a plane
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:26,270
1047
+ ุจู„ุงู…ุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฎุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู„ููˆู‚ ุตุญ ุทูŠุจ the thickness of
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:26,270 --> 00:23:32,570
1051
+ each tower decreases towards the top so the faces
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:32,570 --> 00:23:40,250
1055
+ of the towers are plumb ุฅูŠุด ุฃุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:40,250 --> 00:23:46,090
1059
+ tower ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุจุถู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:46,090 --> 00:23:51,620
1063
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ุจุตุบุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฆู„ ูˆู„ุง ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:51,620 --> 00:23:56,220
1067
+ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุฃู†ุง plain ููŠู‡ุŒ ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฆู„ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆู„ ุฅูŠุด
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:56,220 --> 00:24:02,660
1071
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ out of plumb ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ the greatest
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:24:02,660 --> 00:24:06,940
1075
+ thickness of each tower is its internal thickness
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:24:06,940 --> 00:24:14,480
1079
+ at its base ุตุญุŸ ุฃูŠุด ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุงู„ external ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:24:14,480 --> 00:24:19,420
1083
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุซู…ูƒ ูˆูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:26,140 --> 00:24:30,100
1087
+ ุทูŠุจ circle the correct words to complete the text
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:30,100 --> 00:24:34,280
1091
+ about extra high voltage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ power lines
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:34,280 --> 00:24:40,300
1095
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ power lines ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุง ุงู„ structure ุชุจุนู‡ ุงู„ุขู†
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:40,300 --> 00:24:46,520
1099
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ tower ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:46,520 --> 00:24:51,120
1103
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠู‡ู†ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ insulator ุงู„ุตุญูˆู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:51,120 --> 00:24:54,180
1107
+ ู‡ู†ุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:54,180 --> 00:25:02,220
1111
+ ุจูŠู†ุดุจูƒ ููŠู‡ู… ุณู„ูˆูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:25:02,220 --> 00:25:04,920
1115
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุน ุงู„ three phase ููŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:25:04,920 --> 00:25:10,240
1119
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุงุจุน ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฏู‰ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูŠุด
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:17,420
1123
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุดุงูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฌุณุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:25:18,070 --> 00:25:21,530
1127
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญุทูˆุท ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุญุช ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:25:21,530 --> 00:25:25,790
1131
+ insulator ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ on EHV transmission line
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:25,790 --> 00:25:30,370
1135
+ cables called conductors inclined ูˆู„ุง span
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:30,370 --> 00:25:35,370
1139
+ between pylons ุงู„ pylons which are described as
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:35,370 --> 00:25:39,130
1143
+ supporters ุงู„ pylons ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ู„ู„ุฏุนู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:39,130 --> 00:25:43,690
1147
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:43,690 --> 00:25:48,400
1151
+ conductors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง span between ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:48,400 --> 00:25:53,160
1155
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† span ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฌู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:53,160 --> 00:25:56,840
1159
+ ุงู„ุทุฑู ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ span ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:25:56,840 --> 00:26:02,440
1163
+ two support points ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุงู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:07,900
1167
+ ู„ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฏูŠ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด span which
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:12,040
1171
+ are described as supporters that conductors are
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:26:12,040 --> 00:26:17,530
1175
+ suspended ุงูŠุด suspended ุงู†ุดุฏูˆุง ู…ุดุฏุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:26:17,530 --> 00:26:28,970
1179
+ suspended from the supports by rods ุงูŠุด rodsุŸ ู‡ูŠ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:26:28,970 --> 00:26:33,910
1183
+ ู‚ุทุจุงู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง rods called insulators ุงูŠุด
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:26:33,910 --> 00:26:38,350
1187
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุจูƒ ุดูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตุญูˆู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุณ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:26:38,350 --> 00:26:44,230
1191
+ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงุฒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ..
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:44,230 --> 00:26:49,580
1195
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ the insulators on straight
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:49,580 --> 00:26:55,680
1199
+ sections of line the insulators are level ูˆู„ุง
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:55,680 --> 00:27:03,460
1203
+ plumb hanging vertical from the support ุทู„ุน
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:27:03,460 --> 00:27:08,200
1207
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง level ูˆู„ุง plumb ุงูŠุด
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:27:08,200 --> 00:27:19,340
1211
+ ุงู„ hang vertical level ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ู…ุณุชูˆูŠ ูˆ smooth
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:27:19,340 --> 00:27:26,320
1215
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ูุน ุทูŠุจ from
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:27:26,320 --> 00:27:30,380
1219
+ the at at supports where the direction of the line
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:27:30,380 --> 00:27:34,580
1223
+ changes pairs of insulators are used ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:27:34,580 --> 00:27:40,100
1227
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌูˆุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ insulators in this situation
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:40,100 --> 00:27:43,700
1231
+ the insulators are inclined ูˆู„ุง striking from
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:43,700 --> 00:27:47,640
1235
+ vertical planes as they are bold
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:50,610 --> 00:27:55,030
1239
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ insulators inclined ุฅูŠุด
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:55,030 --> 00:27:59,090
1243
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ inclined ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงุŸ ู…ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู†
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:59,090 --> 00:28:03,490
1247
+ inclined ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง plumb ูˆู„ุง out of plumbุŸุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:28:03,490 --> 00:28:05,590
1251
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:28:05,590 --> 00:28:08,430
1255
+ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ููŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:28:08,430 --> 00:28:08,530
1259
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:28:08,530 --> 00:28:12,210
1263
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:28:12,210 --> 00:28:12,930
1267
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู†
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:28:12,930 --> 00:28:14,510
1271
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:28:14,510 --> 00:28:15,430
1275
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู†
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:28:15,430 --> 00:28:15,730
1279
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:28:15,730 --> 00:28:20,050
1283
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:20,050 --> 00:28:26,690
1287
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:30,670 --> 00:28:35,070
1291
+ Higher voltages are also mean that the conductor
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:35,070 --> 00:28:39,110
1295
+ must be located at greater minimum height ูˆู„ุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:39,110 --> 00:28:44,030
1299
+ thickness above the ground ู„ุฃู† ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:44,030 --> 00:28:47,970
1303
+ ูุงุช ู‚ู„ุช ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุฅูŠุด ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุฌูŠุณูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:47,970 --> 00:28:53,510
1307
+ ุงู„ voltage ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูุน ุญุฏ ููˆู‚ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ูƒุฌุณู…ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:53,510 --> 00:28:57,000
1311
+ conductor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ููŠ .. ููŠ .. ููŠ capacitance
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:57,000 --> 00:29:02,040
1315
+ effect ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุชุถุฑุจู†ูŠ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:29:02,040 --> 00:29:05,920
1319
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุชุญุชู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:29:05,920 --> 00:29:08,480
1323
+ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฌุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:12,660
1327
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ููŠ ุฃุฑุถ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุฎุงููˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ุชุถุฑุจู‡ู… ูุฏุงูŠู…
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:29:12,660 --> 00:29:17,260
1331
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠุณูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:17,260 --> 00:29:22,020
1335
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญุทูˆุท ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงูŠุฏุฑุจุด ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:22,020 --> 00:29:30,040
1339
+ ุทูŠุจ for safety ู‡ู†ุง a greater minimum height above
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:30,040 --> 00:29:33,780
1343
+ the ground for safety the distance is measured
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:33,780 --> 00:29:38,020
1347
+ between the ground and the lowest point of the
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:38,020 --> 00:29:42,300
1351
+ cables ุงู„ุขู†
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:42,300 --> 00:29:45,900
1355
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ discussion ูˆ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:45,900 --> 00:29:51,560
1359
+ ู‡ูŠ on long suspension bridges ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุฌุซูˆุฑ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:51,560 --> 00:29:56,880
1363
+ ู…ุนู„ู‚ุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจุญูƒูŠุŸ when the distance between the
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:56,880 --> 00:30:00,040
1367
+ vertical center of the towers at either side of
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:03,320
1371
+ the bridge is measured horizontally, the distance
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:30:03,320 --> 00:30:06,520
1375
+ between the top of the two towers will be several
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:06,520 --> 00:30:10,220
1379
+ millimeters longer than the distance between the
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:10,220 --> 00:30:13,760
1383
+ bases ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุณุทุญ ุฃุฑุถ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:17,820 --> 00:30:23,000
1387
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ุณุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:26,920
1391
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠุงุด ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง vertical ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู‚ุณุช
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:26,920 --> 00:30:30,720
1395
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ู„ู‡ุงู† ูˆู‚ุณุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ top ู„ ุงู„ top
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:30,720 --> 00:30:37,240
1399
+ ุญู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ several millimeter difference
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:37,240 --> 00:30:39,720
1403
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณุฃู„ ู‡ุงู†
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:42,890 --> 00:30:46,650
1407
+ Okay, does this mean the towers are out of plumb? Why is there a differenceุŸ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ
1408
+
1409
+ 354
1410
+ 00:30:50,350 --> 00:30:56,050
1411
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ towers ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุด ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠูŠู†ุŸ ุทูŠุจ why is there a
1412
+
1413
+ 355
1414
+ 00:30:56,050 --> 00:31:01,510
1415
+ differenceุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุณุจุจุŸ
1416
+
1417
+ 356
1418
+ 00:31:01,510 --> 00:31:09,760
1419
+ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ earth ุฅูŠู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŸ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
1420
+
1421
+ 357
1422
+ 00:31:09,760 --> 00:31:12,600
1423
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ
1424
+
1425
+ 358
1426
+ 00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:17,020
1427
+ ุญูƒู‰ ู„ุฅูŠุด long bridges, suspended bridges ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1428
+
1429
+ 359
1430
+ 00:31:17,020 --> 00:31:21,100
1431
+ ู…ุงุญูƒุงุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฅูƒุณุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ุฅูƒุณุงุฑ ู…ุด ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ูููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠ
1432
+
1433
+ 360
1434
+ 00:31:21,100 --> 00:31:27,200
1435
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุญูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูุฑู‚ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ explanation ูู‡ูˆ
1436
+
1437
+ 361
1438
+ 00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:31,420
1439
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ explained ู‡ู†ุง ููŠุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ explanation
1440
+
1441
+ 362
1442
+ 00:31:31,420 --> 00:31:37,410
1443
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ุงุฏ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุฌุงูˆุฒ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 363
1446
+ 00:31:37,410 --> 00:31:42,790
1447
+ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุทุทู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดู‚ุฉ ุจุณ ุจุฏูŠ ูˆุตู„ ุงู„
1448
+
1449
+ 364
1450
+ 00:31:42,790 --> 00:31:48,190
1451
+ point ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ูุงุฑู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ okay what
1452
+
1453
+ 365
1454
+ 00:31:48,190 --> 00:31:53,450
1455
+ we cover today is two parts how to .. ุงู„ vertical
1456
+
1457
+ 366
1458
+ 00:31:53,450 --> 00:31:58,550
1459
+ and horizontal measurements ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฌู†ุจ
1460
+
1461
+ 367
1462
+ 00:31:58,550 --> 00:32:03,250
1463
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงู†ูŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ wing span
1464
+
1465
+ 368
1466
+ 00:32:03,250 --> 00:32:09,590
1467
+ ูˆ ุงู„ span ุงู„ strike ูˆ ุงู„ faces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู†
1468
+
1469
+ 369
1470
+ 00:32:09,590 --> 00:32:13,570
1471
+ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ plump ูˆ out of plump ูˆ ุงู„ level ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1472
+
1473
+ 370
1474
+ 00:32:13,570 --> 00:32:16,850
1475
+ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุชุชูˆู‚ุนูˆุง ุชู…ุฑูˆุง ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ technical
1476
+
1477
+ 371
1478
+ 00:32:16,850 --> 00:32:23,070
1479
+ engineering words ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ
1480
+
1481
+ 372
1482
+ 00:32:23,070 --> 00:32:28,330
1483
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ face ุนู† ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ
1484
+
1485
+ 373
1486
+ 00:32:28,330 --> 00:32:34,200
1487
+ ู„ุญุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
1488
+
1489
+ 374
1490
+ 00:32:34,200 --> 00:32:37,780
1491
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุทุญ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠูƒ ..
1492
+
1493
+ 375
1494
+ 00:32:37,780 --> 00:32:40,660
1495
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ู‡ุงุฏ
1496
+
1497
+ 376
1498
+ 00:32:40,660 --> 00:32:46,800
1499
+ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุจู„ุบุชู†ุง ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุจู„ุบุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูู€ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ
1500
+
1501
+ 377
1502
+ 00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:52,520
1503
+ ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู€ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ููŠู†ุง ุชุนุงุจูŠุฑ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
1504
+
1505
+ 378
1506
+ 00:32:52,520 --> 00:32:57,240
1507
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ quiz ุนู†ุฏูƒู…
1508
+
1509
+ 379
1510
+ 00:32:57,240 --> 00:33:04,650
1511
+ ุขู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ design ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ three units ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
1512
+
1513
+ 380
1514
+ 00:33:04,650 --> 00:33:09,170
1515
+ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ุนุจู‘ุฃ ุนุดุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ multiple choice
1516
+
1517
+ 381
1518
+ 00:33:09,170 --> 00:33:12,650
1519
+ ูˆุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ match
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/2ayKGuSl8QY_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:07,340 --> 00:00:15,060
3
+ ุฅูƒู…ุงู„ุง ู„ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ cycle of hemopoiesis
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:15,060 --> 00:00:22,040
7
+ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุบู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:22,040 --> 00:00:23,400
11
+ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:37,680 --> 00:00:48,880
15
+ fatty tissue ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ yellow marrow ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงูˆ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:48,880 --> 00:00:51,880
19
+ ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ yellow marrow ุงู„ู‰ red marrow ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:57,140
23
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ yellow marrow ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฎุฒู†
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:57,140 --> 00:01:01,920
27
+ ู„ู„ุฏู…
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:06,570 --> 00:01:15,490
31
+ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:15,490 --> 00:01:25,990
35
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒุณุงูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ูู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุซู… ุจุนุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:25,990 --> 00:01:34,510
39
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชู‡ุงุฌุฑ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:34,510 --> 00:01:34,730
43
+ liver
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:46,020
47
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ liver ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒุณุงูƒ ุซู…
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:46,020 --> 00:01:52,600
51
+ ุจูŠุญู„ ู…ุญู„ู‡ ุงู„ liver ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูุชุฑุฉ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:52,600 --> 00:01:58,140
55
+ liver ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ุงู„ spleen ุจูŠุณุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:58,140 --> 00:02:06,700
59
+ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู„ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:02:06,700 --> 00:02:15,500
63
+ ุงู„ bone marrowูƒู…ุตู†ุน ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุฃูˆ ู…ุตู†ุน ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:02:15,500 --> 00:02:22,060
67
+ ูˆุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ bone marrow ูˆูŠุชู†ุงู‚ุต ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ liver
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:22,060 --> 00:02:25,120
71
+ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:25,120 --> 00:02:26,000
75
+ ู…ุง ู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:38,180 --> 00:02:43,300
79
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู‡ุด ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:43,300 --> 00:02:49,980
83
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ bone marrow ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุฐุนู… ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:49,980 --> 00:02:54,320
87
+ ุงู„ vertebrae ูˆ ุงู„ pelvis ูˆ ุงู„ sternum ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:54,320 --> 00:03:03,260
91
+ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุต ุซู… ุงู„ู„ุจุณ ูˆ ุงู„ููŠู…ุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฐุนู…
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:03:03,260 --> 00:03:03,900
95
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู…
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:03:06,910 --> 00:03:12,230
99
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุชูุตูŠู„ ู„ู„ active hemopoietic marrow ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:03:12,230 --> 00:03:17,330
103
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ in the axial skeleton ุฒูŠ ุงู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:03:17,330 --> 00:03:21,170
107
+ cranium ูˆ ุงู„ ribs ูˆ ุงู„ sternum ูˆ ุงู„ vertebrae ูˆ ุงู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:21,170 --> 00:03:25,370
111
+ pelvis ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:25,370 --> 00:03:33,390
115
+ ุดูˆู‰ ุดูˆู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ adult ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุฑูƒุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุฑูŠุถุฉ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:44,500 --> 00:03:57,040
119
+ Cranium ูˆุงู„ุจู„ูุด ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุทุจุนุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:57,040 --> 00:04:03,360
123
+ ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุดุฑุญ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู ุชุชู… ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:04:03,360 --> 00:04:10,260
127
+ ุชุชู… ุฃูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ุชุตู†ูŠุน
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:04:10,260 --> 00:04:18,740
131
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ YorkshireูˆุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒุณุงูƒ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:04:18,740 --> 00:04:25,740
135
+ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน of after fertilization ูˆ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:04:25,740 --> 00:04:32,820
139
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒุณุงูƒ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ุชู„ุงุชุฉ layers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:04:32,820 --> 00:04:37,860
143
+ ุงู„ectoderm ูˆ ุงู„ mesoderm ูˆ ุงู„endoderm ุจุชู†ุดุฃ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:04:37,860 --> 00:04:46,890
147
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซู„ ู„ู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Hemangioplast ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:46,890 --> 00:04:51,810
151
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒูˆ ุฏูŠุฑู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒูˆ ุฏูŠุฑู… ุชุทู„ุน ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:51,810 --> 00:04:55,210
155
+ Hemangioplast ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:05:01,490 --> 00:05:06,990
159
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุชูŠู† to stem cell ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน blood
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:05:06,990 --> 00:05:12,470
163
+ vessels ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน blood cells ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:05:12,470 --> 00:05:16,010
167
+ ุงู„ blood cells ุจุฏุคูˆู† ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ู„ู„ุจู„ุฏ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:05:18,380 --> 00:05:22,180
171
+ ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ุชู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ blood vessels ูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:05:22,180 --> 00:05:28,120
175
+ ุจูŠุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ two stem cell ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:33,580
179
+ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ blood vessels ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:05:33,580 --> 00:05:41,620
183
+ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ blood cells ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:05:41,620 --> 00:05:46,620
187
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ embryo ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:55,790 --> 00:06:01,910
191
+ ูˆุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ุชูŠ ุชุตู†ุน ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:06:01,910 --> 00:06:10,810
195
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูุฑ Oxygen Carrying ูˆุจุนุฏ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:06:10,810 --> 00:06:16,010
199
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ููŠุชุณ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ Granulocyte
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:06:16,010 --> 00:06:20,910
203
+ ูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑู„ูˆุณุงูŠุชุฒููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:06:20,910 --> 00:06:25,570
207
+ lymphocyte ุจุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตู†ูŠุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:06:25,570 --> 00:06:29,790
211
+ erythrocyte ุซู… ุงู„ granulocyte ูˆ ุงู„ megakaryocyte
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:06:29,790 --> 00:06:37,150
215
+ ุซู… ุงู„ lymphocyte ุขุฎุฑ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตู†ุน ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ monocyte
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:06:37,150 --> 00:06:46,430
219
+ ุชุตู†ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุฏ ู„ู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:06:46,430 --> 00:06:46,990
223
+ ุงู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:06:52,950 --> 00:07:00,030
227
+ Hemopoietic organ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฎู„ุต ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒุณุงุฌ ูˆ ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:07:00,030 --> 00:07:05,810
231
+ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:07:05,810 --> 00:07:13,730
235
+ ู…ุตู†ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูˆู‡ูˆ liver ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุซู… ุงู„
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:07:13,730 --> 00:07:22,300
239
+ spleen ุจุดูƒู„ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Erythropoietic
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:07:22,300 --> 00:07:30,480
243
+ activity still ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุงู‡ุง minimal
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:35,760
247
+ granulopoiesis ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง granulopoiesis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตู†ูŠู ู„ู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:07:35,760 --> 00:07:44,850
251
+ granulocytes ูุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง granulopoiesis ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ู„ู†ุงููŠ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:07:44,850 --> 00:07:49,970
255
+ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ bone marrow ุจุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:07:49,970 --> 00:07:57,610
259
+ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ liver ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุดูˆูŠ ุดูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:07:57,610 --> 00:08:01,670
263
+ liver ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ liver ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ bone
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:08:01,670 --> 00:08:02,690
267
+ marrow ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:08:06,570 --> 00:08:09,110
271
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ Granulocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:08:09,110 --> 00:08:13,810
275
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ูˆุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ ูˆ ุงู„ lymphocytes ูˆ ุงู„ monocytes
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:08:13,810 --> 00:08:20,450
279
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ macro phage ูˆ ุงู„ placulate ุชุงู†ูŠ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:08:20,450 --> 00:08:26,530
283
+ ููŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ boron maroon
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:08:26,530 --> 00:08:32,170
287
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Intramedullary Hemopoiesis ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:08:32,170 --> 00:08:38,660
291
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Extramedullary Hemopoiesisูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูˆู…
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:08:38,660 --> 00:08:48,400
295
+ ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุงุช ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ yellow marrow ุฅู„ู‰
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:08:48,400 --> 00:08:57,200
299
+ red marrow ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนุงู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ liver or spleen
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:08:57,200 --> 00:08:59,420
303
+ ูƒู…ุตุงู†ุน ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:09:05,350 --> 00:09:09,530
307
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุงุช ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ุญุชุงุฌ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:09:09,530 --> 00:09:15,550
311
+ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุฒูˆู… ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:09:15,550 --> 00:09:20,730
315
+ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุท ุจุชุถุงุนู ู…ู† ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฃู†
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:09:20,730 --> 00:09:29,450
319
+ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุฏุงุนู ู…ู† ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุณุช ุฃุถุนู ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:09:31,080 --> 00:09:35,680
323
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง extra-medallary ูˆู…ุด ู†ู†ุณุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:09:35,680 --> 00:09:41,660
327
+ ููŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ intra-medallary ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชุตู†ูŠุน
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:09:41,660 --> 00:09:45,540
331
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:09:45,540 --> 00:09:49,240
335
+ limopoietic stem cell development ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:09:49,240 --> 00:09:54,160
339
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุณ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ stem cell pool ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:09:54,160 --> 00:09:59,900
343
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ Renewalู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:59,900 --> 00:10:05,340
347
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ to differentiate ุจุณู„ุฉ differentiation ูˆ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:10:05,340 --> 00:10:09,120
351
+ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณู…ู‡ุง lineage selection ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:10:09,120 --> 00:10:16,100
355
+ ุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุฎุท ุตูŠุฑู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุงู…ุง RBCs ุงูˆ IPCs ุงูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:10:16,100 --> 00:10:22,100
359
+ granulocytes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„infocytes whatever ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:10:22,100 --> 00:10:27,140
363
+ ุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุฎุท ุตูŠุฑู‡ุง ุจุณู…ู‡ุง lineage ู…ู† line selection
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:10:27,140 --> 00:10:34,110
367
+ ุชุฎุชุงุฑุซู… ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุญุฏุฏ ุฎุท ุณูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู†ุถูˆุฌ ุจุชู…ุฑ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:10:34,110 --> 00:10:38,370
371
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ mature
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:10:38,370 --> 00:10:42,890
375
+ form ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ mature form ูŠุนู†ูŠ functioning form
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:10:42,890 --> 00:10:48,580
379
+ ุจุชุนูŠุด ุงู„ life span ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุซู… ุจุชู…ูˆุช by apoptosisุซู…
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:10:48,580 --> 00:10:52,100
383
+ ุจุชู…ูˆุช by Apoptosis ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:52,100 --> 00:10:57,120
387
+ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ differentiation ุซู… lineage
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:57,120 --> 00:11:02,800
391
+ specific or selection ุซู… maturation ุซู… function
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:11,340
395
+ and death ูˆุฏู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุจูŠู† ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ hierarchy
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:11:11,340 --> 00:11:15,060
399
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ hemopoiesis
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:11:17,730 --> 00:11:21,430
403
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:11:21,430 --> 00:11:26,970
407
+ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ูู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู… ุฏู‡ูŠุฉ ูู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู… ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:11:26,970 --> 00:11:31,870
411
+ pluripotent stem cell ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ุช ูˆุนุชุทู†ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:11:31,870 --> 00:11:37,070
415
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง myeloid stem cell ูˆ lymphoid stem cell ุงู„
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:37,070 --> 00:11:43,390
419
+ myeloid ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ู‰ ุฃู… ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:46,180 --> 00:11:49,740
423
+ ูˆ ุงู„ limphoid stem cell ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ lymphocyte
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:49,740 --> 00:11:54,520
427
+ ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ pluripotent stem cell ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฏู‡
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:54,520 --> 00:11:58,140
431
+ ุงุชู†ู‰ myeloid stem cell ูˆ limphoid stem cell ุงู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:58,140 --> 00:12:03,020
435
+ myeloid ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ RBCs,
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:12:03,060 --> 00:12:05,580
439
+ platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils,
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:12:05,660 --> 00:12:08,720
443
+ bezophilsุŒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ myeloid series
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:12:14,110 --> 00:12:18,650
447
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุง stem cell ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:18,650 --> 00:12:27,610
451
+ lymphocytes ูˆุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ B cell ูˆD cell ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:27,610 --> 00:12:34,670
455
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ู‚ุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃูˆู„
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:34,670 --> 00:12:41,470
459
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ stem cell ุซู… ุงู„ progenitor cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:41,470 --> 00:12:46,590
463
+ morphologically unrecognizableุซู… ุงู„ recognizable
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:46,590 --> 00:12:50,750
467
+ form ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ morphologically recognizable form
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:50,750 --> 00:12:55,030
471
+ ู…ุงู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุซู… ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:55,030 --> 00:12:58,470
475
+ morphologically recognizable ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:12:58,470 --> 00:13:03,330
479
+ ูˆ ูŠู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ู„ mature
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:13:03,330 --> 00:13:13,910
483
+ form ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:28,920
487
+ mature very immature ุซู… ุชุญุช ุชุตู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‰
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:28,920 --> 00:13:33,100
491
+ recognizable form ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุณู‡ู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:33,100 --> 00:13:41,860
495
+ ุชุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูˆุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:41,860 --> 00:13:45,660
499
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ููŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:45,660 --> 00:13:53,170
503
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ mature form ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„stem cell
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:53,170 --> 00:13:59,770
507
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุงูˆ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:59,770 --> 00:14:01,810
511
+ ุงู„ hemapoiesis process
512
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/DsI6MicbEp4_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,812 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:04,490 --> 00:00:08,010
3
+ ุงุณุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ููŠู†ุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงูŠุถุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,010 --> 00:00:14,530
7
+ hemoglobinopathies ูˆ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:14,530 --> 00:00:19,070
11
+ ุนู† ุงู„ hemoglobinopathies ุทุจุนุง ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:19,070 --> 00:00:23,670
15
+ ุงูŠ inherited mutation ู„ู„ globin gene ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:23,670 --> 00:00:28,290
19
+ qualitative ุงูˆ ุงู„ quantitative abnormality ุงู„ุง ุงู„
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,290 --> 00:00:30,870
23
+ quantitative abnormality ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,870 --> 00:00:35,600
27
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ reduced or complete absent ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸู„ู„ู€
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:35,600 --> 00:00:41,700
31
+ Globin Chain Synthesis ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ qualitative
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:41,700 --> 00:00:46,920
35
+ defect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ our product ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:46,920 --> 00:00:52,400
39
+ hemoglobinopathy ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ hemoglobin ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:52,400 --> 00:00:56,940
43
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† normally produced ู„ูƒู†ู‡ abnormal
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:56,940 --> 00:01:03,400
47
+ Structural Hemoglobinopathyู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:06,960
51
+ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ amino acid
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:06,960 --> 00:01:11,920
55
+ substitution ููŠ ุงู„oglobin chain ูˆุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:15,200
59
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ which is most common ู‡ูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:23,220
63
+ hemoglobin S ู‚ุณู…ู‡ Hemoglobin S defect ู‡ูŠุฏูŠู†ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:23,220 --> 00:01:28,740
67
+ Hemoglobin ุฃูˆ Sickle Cell Anemia ุญุณุจ ุงู„ mutation
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:30,200 --> 00:01:33,460
71
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู homozygous form ุงูˆ heterozygous
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:33,460 --> 00:01:36,720
75
+ form ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ homozygous form ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู†ุง double
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:36,720 --> 00:01:41,000
79
+ dose of abnormal gene ุงู„ู„ูŠ which encode ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:45,840
83
+ hemoglobin Sูˆุงู„ู€ heterozygous for ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:52,120
87
+ single ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ those of the abnormal gene which
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:52,120 --> 00:01:56,140
91
+ also code for hemoglobin S. Hemoglobin S ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:56,140 --> 00:02:00,340
95
+ ุนู† ุชุชุฑุงู…ุฑ ุฒูŠ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ normal hemoglobin ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:00,340 --> 00:02:07,280
99
+ Alpha to Alpha ูˆ to Beta ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ Beta is mutated ุดูˆ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:10,700
103
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ amino acid substitution
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:10,700 --> 00:02:15,000
107
+ ุนูŠุดู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ amino acidุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ู€ Valine ู…ุญู„ ู„ู€
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:19,900
111
+ Glutamine ููŠ ุงู„ู€ position ุฑู‚ู… ุณุชุฉ ู…ุง ุฃูุนู„ู‡ุŸ ุทู„ุน
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:19,900 --> 00:02:23,560
115
+ ู„ู†ุง ุจู€ Normal Hemoglobin ุณู…ูŠู†ุง Hemoglobin S ูˆ ุงู„ู€
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:27,780
119
+ Hemoglobin S ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Homozygous Form ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:27,780 --> 00:02:34,160
123
+ SS Hemoglobin SS ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† S ูˆุจุฑู…ุฌูˆู„ู‡ Alpha 2
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:34,160 --> 00:02:40,190
127
+ Beta 2 6 Gloval ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุชูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ู„ู€ Glutamine Valineุฃูˆ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:40,190 --> 00:02:45,350
131
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Alpha to Beta to S ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุบู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:45,350 --> 00:02:50,590
135
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Alpha to Beta to 6 Val ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน 6 ููŠ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:50,590 --> 00:02:58,270
139
+ Valley ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ููŠู„ู…ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:58,270 --> 00:03:01,510
143
+ sickle cell ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† crescent shape of
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:01,510 --> 00:03:07,670
147
+ herbicides ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ sickling ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† crescent shape
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:07,670 --> 00:03:11,130
151
+ of herbicides ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุจุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ abnormal
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:11,130 --> 00:03:15,570
155
+ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงุถุญุฉ herbicides ู…ุชุจุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ุชุจุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:15,570 --> 00:03:21,270
159
+ ุงู„ุจุชู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ poikilocytosis ูˆanisocytosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:21,270 --> 00:03:28,600
163
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ุงุด ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ grenationCrenated ู…ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู‡ ู‡ู‰ ูู‰
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:28,600 --> 00:03:36,720
167
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:36,720 --> 00:03:42,980
171
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:42,980 --> 00:03:44,000
175
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:45,800
179
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:47,840
183
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:47,840 --> 00:03:48,700
187
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:48,700 --> 00:03:48,720
191
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุงุฑ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:52,670 --> 00:03:56,030
195
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ when properly oxygenated
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:56,030 --> 00:04:00,150
199
+ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ oxygen tension decrease
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:00,150 --> 00:04:04,610
203
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ hemoglobin S2 polymer ุนุงูŠุฒ ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠูƒูˆู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:04,610 --> 00:04:12,870
207
+ ููˆู‚ ูŠูƒูˆู† fluid polymer ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:12,870 --> 00:04:20,160
211
+ polymers ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง realignmentูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:25,540
215
+ Sickle Shape of Arbeses ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู€
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:25,540 --> 00:04:29,060
219
+ Electron Microscope ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ุง Polymerization of
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:29,060 --> 00:04:33,960
223
+ HemoglobinุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠู‡ polymers ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:33,960 --> 00:04:38,360
227
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง tactoids ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง tactoids ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:38,360 --> 00:04:43,320
231
+ ุชุนู…ู„ุงุด ุงู„ polymers ุทุจุนุง this will be rigid ูˆ rigid
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:43,320 --> 00:04:48,680
235
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุทู„ุช deformable ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ุท
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:54,920
239
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉูˆ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ polymer ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชูƒูˆู† ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:54,920 --> 00:04:59,660
243
+ crescent shape ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ polymer ุงู„ fiber ูุทุจุนุง
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:59,660 --> 00:05:08,960
247
+ fiber ูˆ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ micro sectional ู„ู‡ hemoglobin s ู…ู‚ุทุน
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:08,960 --> 00:05:13,840
251
+ ุนุฑุถู‰ ุทูŠุจ ุดูˆ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุฃุฏูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ cycling
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:13,840 --> 00:05:19,800
255
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ degree of oxygenation ููŠ H
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:20,270 --> 00:05:23,170
259
+ dehydration of the patient and the concentration
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:23,170 --> 00:05:27,410
263
+ of other hemoglobin ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:27,410 --> 00:05:33,010
267
+ ููŠู‡ cycling ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† figure ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู„ู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:33,010 --> 00:05:37,590
271
+ cycling process ุฃูŠู‡ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ cycling ูˆู…ุชูŠู‡ุด ู„ู…ุง
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:37,590 --> 00:05:42,750
275
+ ุจุตูŠุช ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ lower ูˆู…ุจูŠุนุด
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:42,750 --> 00:05:46,730
279
+ decrease oxygen retention ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด increase
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:46,730 --> 00:05:50,080
283
+ ู„ู„ cycling ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ cyclingุทุจุนุง ุงู„ cycling ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:50,080 --> 00:05:53,240
287
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ viscosity ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:53,240 --> 00:05:57,820
291
+ viscosity ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ slow blood circulation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:57,820 --> 00:06:02,100
295
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจุจุทุก ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุจุทุก ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ hypoxia ูˆ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:02,100 --> 00:06:07,140
299
+ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ hypoxia ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ cycling ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:07,140 --> 00:06:13,920
303
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ once started ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:15,970 --> 00:06:21,110
307
+ obviously of this leads to hypoxia ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:21,110 --> 00:06:28,730
311
+ painful crisis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูˆุงุฑุซ ู…ุคู„ู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุนุฉ and
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:28,730 --> 00:06:32,670
315
+ infarction of the organ ุทุจุนุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:32,670 --> 00:06:35,550
319
+ infarction ุงู†ุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:35,550 --> 00:06:39,810
323
+ crescent ุงู†ุดูŠุจ ูˆูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณูƒุงูƒูŠู† ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ููŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:39,810 --> 00:06:45,860
327
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชุฌู ุจุชุบุฒูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูˆ ุจุชุฌุฑุญ ูˆ ุฅุฐุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:45,860 --> 00:06:53,000
331
+ ุฌุฑุญุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุงู†ุชูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌุฑุญ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:58,520
335
+ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:58,520 --> 00:07:02,020
339
+ ุชู‚ุฏูŠ ู„ ุงู„ infraction of the organ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:05,420 --> 00:07:09,220
343
+ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:09,220 --> 00:07:11,700
347
+ concentration of Hemoglobin E ูˆ Hemoglobin F ูƒู„ ู…ุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:11,700 --> 00:07:15,780
351
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ severity of the disease is lowered
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:15,780 --> 00:07:19,140
355
+ ุนุดุงู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:19,140 --> 00:07:22,220
359
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ู„ ุฏู…
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:22,220 --> 00:07:27,720
363
+ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ crisis ูุจูŠุบูŠุฑูˆุง ุฏู…ู‡ ู…ู† Sickle ุงู„ู‰ Normal
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:27,720 --> 00:07:33,700
367
+ Hemoglobinclinical picture ุงู„ุงุนุฑุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ sickle
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:33,700 --> 00:07:40,400
371
+ cell ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง are seldom manifested ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุชุดูˆูู‡ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:40,400 --> 00:07:45,120
375
+ ู‚ุจู„ ุณู† ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูˆ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:45,120 --> 00:07:47,620
379
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ hemoglobin ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:47,620 --> 00:07:52,620
383
+ ุนู† hemoglobin F ูˆ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด shifting ู…ู† ุงู„ F ู„ู„A
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:53,310 --> 00:08:00,150
387
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ Beta ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ symptoms
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:00,150 --> 00:08:06,270
391
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† obscure ู…ุฎุจุฆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ condition ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:06,270 --> 00:08:09,430
395
+ ุงู„ characterize chronic hemolytic status ูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:09,430 --> 00:08:13,290
399
+ jaundice ูˆ ุงู„ hemoglobin ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ 7 ุนู„ู‰ 8
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:13,290 --> 00:08:20,050
403
+ gramclinical picture ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง sickles
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:20,050 --> 00:08:26,430
407
+ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง sorry ุจูŠุนุงู†ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุชู‰ stomach arm ูˆ leg
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:26,430 --> 00:08:31,770
411
+ and joint pain ุนู„ู… ูู‰ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… tired ุชุนุจุงู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:31,770 --> 00:08:38,240
415
+ tense ู…ุชูˆุชุฑ and nervous ุนุตุจูŠุทุจูŠุนู‰ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:38,240 --> 00:08:42,540
419
+ ููŠ ุฏู…ู‡ ุณูƒุงูƒูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจู‡ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู‡ุฐุง short trunk ู‡ุฐุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:42,540 --> 00:08:48,200
423
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู‚ุตุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต short trunk ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:55,340
427
+ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ulcer ุงู„ leg ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:55,340 --> 00:09:01,860
431
+ ููŠู‡ ู‚ุฑุญุงุช ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ thumb arm ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ุดูƒู„ ุฑุงุณู‡
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:01,860 --> 00:09:03,380
435
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ toward shape head
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:06,020 --> 00:09:10,020
439
+ in large in large level and higher ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:10,020 --> 00:09:15,080
443
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ extra
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:15,080 --> 00:09:20,020
447
+ midillary ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ during a crisis
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:20,020 --> 00:09:24,200
451
+ complications ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ acute chest syndrome
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:27,820
455
+ ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุณุจุจู‡ุง infection ุงู† ุงู„ lung will be trapped
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:27,820 --> 00:09:33,680
459
+ with RBC's ุงูˆ ุงู„ RBC's ุจุตู„ุงู‡ุง trapping ููŠ ุงู„ lung
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:33,680 --> 00:09:35,620
463
+ ุงู„ุนู†ูŠู†ูŠุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:37,480 --> 00:09:41,180
467
+ a plastic crisis ููŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุญุธุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:41,180 --> 00:09:45,760
471
+ temporary ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุคู‚ุช lack of herbaceous production
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:45,760 --> 00:09:51,540
475
+ ูˆ bone necrosis ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ degradation ู„ู„ุจูˆู† ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:51,540 --> 00:09:54,800
479
+ ุจูŠุฃุฏูŠ ุจุนุถ ู…ุฑุงุช ู„ hip replacement ูˆ other
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:54,800 --> 00:10:01,540
483
+ complications ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ูุตู„ hand and foot syndrome
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:01,540 --> 00:10:05,320
487
+ hand ููŠ ุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ painful
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:05,320 --> 00:10:10,670
491
+ swelling ููŠู‡ู…ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุฌู…ุน ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:10,670 --> 00:10:15,810
495
+ ุงู„ sicker cell ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ severe infection ูˆ ุณุจุณูŠุฐ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:15,810 --> 00:10:22,730
499
+ ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ septicemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ุณุจุณูŠุฐ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:22,730 --> 00:10:27,290
503
+ meningitis ู†ูŠูˆุจูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆ risk of infection is
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:27,290 --> 00:10:32,430
507
+ increased ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ spleen
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:34,870 --> 00:10:39,270
511
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุตุนุจ ุงูƒุชุฑ splenic sequestration crisis ุดูˆ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:39,270 --> 00:10:44,630
515
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ sequestration ุชุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจู„ุน splenic ู„ splen
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:44,630 --> 00:10:50,970
519
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจู„ุน ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ cell
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:50,970 --> 00:10:53,410
523
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง abnormal
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:53,410 --> 00:10:58,790
527
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ .. ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุจู„ุน ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ splen ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:58,790 --> 00:11:04,290
531
+ ูุฑุดู† ูˆุณู…ู‡ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ auto auto ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐุงุชูŠ splenectomy
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:05,780 --> 00:11:10,660
535
+ Stroke ูˆุตู„ุช ุงู„ุณูƒู† ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุชุนู…ู„ stroke ุฌู„ุทุฉ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:10,660 --> 00:11:16,160
539
+ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ science ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† scissor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:16,160 --> 00:11:22,620
543
+ ุชุดู†ูˆุฌุงุช ูˆ weakness in the arm and leg speech
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:22,620 --> 00:11:28,780
547
+ problem and loss of consciousnessุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:28,780 --> 00:11:32,980
551
+ ูŠุณูŠูƒู„ุณ ุงู„ trait ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:32,980 --> 00:11:38,460
555
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ alpha 2 beta 1 beta 1 6 global ูˆ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:38,460 --> 00:11:41,360
559
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠููƒุฑ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุจู†ุงุณ ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:45,300
563
+ trait ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุบุงู„ุจุง asymptomatic ู…ุง ู„ู… ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ุฅู„ู‰
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:45,300 --> 00:11:50,600
567
+ challenge ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ challenge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:50,600 --> 00:11:54,330
571
+ ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ drafting lowering of gaugeุฒูŠ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:54,330 --> 00:11:58,850
575
+ Respiratory Acidosis Reduction in Oxygen Tension
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:58,850 --> 00:12:06,190
579
+ ุจู‚ู„ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ูุธูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:06,190 --> 00:12:10,690
583
+ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุจ Unpressurized aircraft ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุญู„ูˆู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:10,690 --> 00:12:14,970
587
+ ุงู„ุทูŠุฑุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Pressurized Anesthesia ุฅุฐุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:14,970 --> 00:12:19,530
591
+ ุชุนุฑุถ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฎุฏูŠุฑ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ Hypoxia ูˆ Congestive
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:19,530 --> 00:12:24,510
595
+ Heart Failure ุจุฑุถู‡ Hypoxiaexcessive exercise ู…ู…ูƒู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:24,510 --> 00:12:31,230
599
+ ูŠุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ lactic acid ูŠุนู†ูŠ acidosis
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:31,230 --> 00:12:36,510
603
+ ูˆ laboratory
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:36,510 --> 00:12:42,350
607
+ finding ุทุจุนุง ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† sickle cell
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:42,350 --> 00:12:45,230
611
+ anemia ูˆ sickle cell trait ูุงู„ sickle cell anemia
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:45,230 --> 00:12:49,610
615
+ ุงู„ blood film ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุนุงู† ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆ ุณู†ุชูŠูƒ ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠูƒ ูˆ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:49,610 --> 00:12:55,160
619
+ ุงู„ anemia isู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆ ุณูŠุชูŠูƒ ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠูƒ ุชูŠู…ูˆู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:55,160 --> 00:13:00,520
623
+ ุจูˆุตู„ ู…ู† ุณุชุฉ ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏู‰ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ blood
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:00,520 --> 00:13:06,400
627
+ film numerous target cell ูˆ fragmented RBCs ูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:06,400 --> 00:13:10,960
631
+ polychromagia ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠู‡ูŠุชุฏ RBCs sickle cell is common
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:10,960 --> 00:13:14,940
635
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† sickle cell ุฃู†ูŠู†ูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุณุงูŠุช ุนุงู„ูŠ ู…ู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:14,940 --> 00:13:21,390
639
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ููŠ hemolysis ู„ูƒู† ุจุชู‚ู„ duringcrisis
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:21,390 --> 00:13:27,030
643
+ a plastic crisis leukocytosis ูˆthrombocytosis is
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:27,030 --> 00:13:31,630
647
+ common ุงู„ู€ bone marrow reflects ู…ุฑุถ ุงูŠุฑุงุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:31,630 --> 00:13:37,710
651
+ hyperplasia ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุนุฏู‰ during a crisis
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:37,710 --> 00:13:42,910
655
+ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุดุฎุตุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูุญุตูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู† ูŠุณู…ูˆ solubility
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:42,910 --> 00:13:46,930
659
+ test ููŠู‡ special tube ุจุชุฑุณุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ hemoglobin s
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:46,930 --> 00:13:52,290
663
+ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ hemoglobin sุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ sodium
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:52,290 --> 00:13:56,870
667
+ metabisulfate test ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฏู‡ ู‡ุชุดุชุบู„ู‡ ููŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:56,870 --> 00:14:02,320
671
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ Screening Test ู‚ุฏูŠู…
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:09,180
675
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠู‡ Sodium Metasilphide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Cycling
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:09,180 --> 00:14:14,380
679
+ Induction ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Hypoxia ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:14,380 --> 00:14:18,140
683
+ Cycling ูˆู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู† ุงุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ other types of
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:18,140 --> 00:14:21,340
687
+ Hemoglobin ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ Cycling ุฒูŠ ุงู„ Hemoglobin C
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:21,340 --> 00:14:26,640
691
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุตู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุงูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hemoglobin
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:26,640 --> 00:14:30,440
695
+ electrophoresis ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ sickles ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:30,440 --> 00:14:36,480
699
+ ุงู„ hemoglobin F ูŠูƒูˆู† 80% ูˆ ุงู„ hemoglobin F 20% ูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:36,480 --> 00:14:41,680
703
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ hemoglobin F ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:41,680 --> 00:14:47,280
707
+ severity of years of cycling ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:47,280 --> 00:14:51,160
711
+ newbornูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ Hemoglobin F ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:51,160 --> 00:14:55,540
715
+ ู…ุบูŠุฏ ุจุนุงู†ูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:55,540 --> 00:14:58,960
719
+ Hereditary Resistance of Fetal Hemoglobin ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:58,960 --> 00:15:03,260
723
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ููŠู‡ุง shifting ู…ู† Hemoglobin F
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:03,260 --> 00:15:08,840
727
+ ู„Hemoglobin Aูˆ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุจูƒูˆู†
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:08,840 --> 00:15:13,580
731
+ ุงู„ hemoglobin A2 ุนุงู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุง sickle cell trait prefer
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:13,580 --> 00:15:17,900
735
+ blood smear usually normal ู…ุน ุฏู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ target cell
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:17,900 --> 00:15:26,960
739
+ ูˆ solubility ูˆ ุงู„ screening test is positive ูˆ ุงู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:26,960 --> 00:15:30,180
743
+ electrophoresis ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ุฏู‡
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:30,180 --> 00:15:34,980
747
+ hemoglobin A60% hemoglobin A40%ูˆ ุงู„ hemoglobin A2
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:34,980 --> 00:15:41,300
751
+ is elevated ุณูƒู„ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง blood film ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุงุด ู…ุง ู„ู…
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:41,300 --> 00:15:48,180
755
+ ูŠูƒู† ููŠ crisis treatment ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ููŠ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:48,180 --> 00:15:53,960
759
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุชูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุชูู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู†ู‡
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:53,960 --> 00:16:02,160
763
+ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุณุจุจุงุช ุงู„ุณูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:05,080
767
+ hypoxic condition ุนู† ุงู„ dehydration ุนู† ุงู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:05,080 --> 00:16:10,520
771
+ infection ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ cycling crisis ูŠุจุนุฏ ุนู†ู‡ุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:10,520 --> 00:16:14,720
775
+ ูŠุชุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ temporary treatment ุดูˆ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:14,720 --> 00:16:19,280
779
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนุฏูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:19,280 --> 00:16:23,070
783
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฒู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ pregnancyุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุฎุดูˆุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:23,070 --> 00:16:26,750
787
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ูˆ ู‡ู… ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† hyper transfusion
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:26,750 --> 00:16:32,730
791
+ ุจุฏูˆุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฏู… ู…ุงุดูŠ ู†ุณุชุจุฏู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:32,730 --> 00:16:38,810
795
+ hemoglobin s ุงูˆ secret RBCs abnormal RBCs it's a
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:38,810 --> 00:16:40,050
799
+ temporary treatment
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:42,390 --> 00:16:47,130
803
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูƒูˆู† ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุทูŠุช ุงู„ sickle cell ูˆุงู†
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:47,130 --> 00:16:51,650
807
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงุณุชูุฏุชูˆุง ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:51,650 --> 00:16:53,350
811
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงุดูƒุฑุง
812
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/Ha5q0Kdyiac.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1787 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,910 --> 00:00:06,470
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,470 --> 00:00:10,670
7
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,670 --> 00:00:18,910
11
+ hemolytic anemia ูŠุง ุญู„ูˆุฉ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู…
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:18,910 --> 00:00:24,250
15
+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ hemolytic anemia ูˆู†ุชุนุฑู
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:24,250 --> 00:00:32,570
19
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ูˆุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:32,570 --> 00:00:37,330
23
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:37,330 --> 00:00:42,430
27
+ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุจุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุคุฏูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:42,430 --> 00:00:46,710
31
+ ุฅู„ู‰ reduction of lifespan ู„ู€ RBC ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Hemolytic
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:46,710 --> 00:00:53,150
35
+ disorders ูˆุงู„ู€ Hemolytic disorders ุจูŠุจูŠู†ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:54,830 --> 00:00:59,850
39
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุด acute ู…ุง ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:59,850 --> 00:01:04,770
43
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ erythropoietic hyperplasia ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:04,770 --> 00:01:09,210
47
+ being seen ูŠูˆู… ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู€ RBC ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:09,210 --> 00:01:13,750
51
+ compensated hemolytic anemia ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุจุฏุฃ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:13,750 --> 00:01:15,990
55
+ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู€ hemolytic anemia ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู€ compensated
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:15,990 --> 00:01:19,410
59
+ hemolytic anemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุชุชุดูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:19,410 --> 00:01:21,990
63
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:21,990 --> 00:01:27,330
67
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ูŠูˆุณุน ู…ู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ูุจุชุชูˆุณุน
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:27,330 --> 00:01:31,330
71
+ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ erythropoietic activity ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:31,330 --> 00:01:35,910
75
+ marrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,910 --> 00:01:41,090
79
+ ุฃู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู† ูŠูˆุณุน ุญุฌู…ู‡
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:41,090 --> 00:01:48,440
83
+ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุจุญูŠุซ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุณุชุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:48,440 --> 00:01:54,760
87
+ ุซู…ุงู† ุฃุถุนุงู ุงู„ู€ normal ูˆู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:54,760 --> 00:01:59,580
91
+ ุณุชุฉ ุฃุถุนุงู ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู…ุงู† ุฃุถุนุงู ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ุช ุงู„ู€ life
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:59,580 --> 00:02:06,740
95
+ span ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ anemia ูˆูŠุฎุด ููŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:06,740 --> 00:02:11,400
99
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง compensated hemolytic anemia ุทุจ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:15,280
103
+ ูˆูƒุชุงุด ุจุชุจูŠู† ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ู€ life span ุนู† ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:20,460
107
+ ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ life span ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ RPC normalูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:20,460 --> 00:02:25,080
111
+ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ูุจุชุฏู„ compensated ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:29,220
115
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู€
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:29,220 --> 00:02:32,680
119
+ hemolytic ุฃู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Classification ู„ู„ู€ Hemolytic
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:32,680 --> 00:02:37,780
123
+ Anemia ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:37,780 --> 00:02:41,940
127
+ ุงู„ู€ site of Hemolysis ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ Hemolysis Extravascular
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:41,940 --> 00:02:46,440
131
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Spleen ูˆู„ุง ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ Endothelial
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:46,440 --> 00:02:51,620
135
+ System ูˆู„ุง Intravascular ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ within the blood
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:51,620 --> 00:02:56,670
139
+ vessels ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุนูŠุจู‡ุง ุฃู† ููŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:56,670 --> 00:03:00,630
143
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ hemolysis ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ in both intra ูˆ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:00,630 --> 00:03:04,230
147
+ extra vascular ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ extra
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:04,230 --> 00:03:06,350
151
+ vascular ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ hemolysis ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู€ R
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:06,350 --> 00:03:09,830
155
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:09,830 --> 00:03:16,040
159
+ globin ูˆ heme ุจุชุญู„ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ iron ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ iron ูˆ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:16,040 --> 00:03:20,500
163
+ ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ protoporphine ุงู„ู€
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:20,500 --> 00:03:24,220
167
+ protoporphine ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ liver ุงู„ู€
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:24,220 --> 00:03:28,620
171
+ ุจู„ูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ macrophage ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ as unconjugated
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:28,620 --> 00:03:36,060
175
+ bilirubin ููŠ ุงู„ู€ blood circulation ุทุจุนู‹ุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:36,060 --> 00:03:38,940
179
+ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† toxic substance ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:38,940 --> 00:03:42,790
183
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ liver ูุงู„ู€ liver
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:42,790 --> 00:03:45,510
187
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ liver ูˆุงู„ู€ liver ุจุนู…ู„ู‡
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:45,510 --> 00:03:49,550
191
+ glucurination ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ stool ูˆุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:49,550 --> 00:03:49,850
195
+ ุงู„ู€ urine
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:52,850 --> 00:03:56,670
199
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Extravascular Hemolysis ุงู„ู€
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:56,670 --> 00:03:58,930
203
+ Intravascular Hemolysis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hemolysis ุงู„ู„ูŠ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:58,930 --> 00:04:03,750
207
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ within .. within the blood vessels slices
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:03,750 --> 00:04:07,230
211
+ ูุจุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ Hemoglobin ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:07,230 --> 00:04:10,230
215
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ blood circulation ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูˆ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:10,230 --> 00:04:12,670
219
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ urine as Hemoglobin in urea ูˆ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:12,670 --> 00:04:16,210
223
+ Hemoglobin .. ูˆ Hemocidin in urea ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูŠุถู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:16,210 --> 00:04:19,710
227
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุช Hemoglobin
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:21,930 --> 00:04:25,490
231
+ ุทูŠุจ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง according to the site of
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:25,490 --> 00:04:31,950
235
+ defect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:31,950 --> 00:04:36,650
239
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† structural or functional ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:36,650 --> 00:04:40,570
243
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ููŠู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:40,570 --> 00:04:43,670
247
+ drug ุจูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุฃูˆ ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุฃูˆ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:43,670 --> 00:04:48,190
251
+ whatever ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ extra carboxylar ุฃูˆ extra vascular
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:48,190 --> 00:04:55,230
255
+ inherited or acquired ุงู„ู€ Inherited ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจู€
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:55,230 --> 00:05:00,690
259
+ Intrinsic Defect ูˆุงู„ู€ Acquired is usually caused
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:00,690 --> 00:05:05,230
263
+ by Extrinsic Defect ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ exception ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:05,230 --> 00:05:09,110
267
+ classification ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ P&H ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑู‡ ุฒุนูŠู…
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:09,110 --> 00:05:12,850
271
+ ุงู„ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ hemoly ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Acquired
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:12,850 --> 00:05:19,290
275
+ Intrinsic Defect Acquired Intrinsic Defect ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:19,290 --> 00:05:24,730
279
+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆู‡ู†ุง G6PD ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:24,730 --> 00:05:29,650
283
+ inherited ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ Extrinsic Trigger ูˆุจุฑุถู‡
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:29,650 --> 00:05:34,490
287
+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:34,490 --> 00:05:38,230
291
+ ู‡ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู which is most commonly used
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:38,230 --> 00:05:44,230
295
+ ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ hemolytic anemia ุฅู„ู‰ inherited or acquired
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:44,230 --> 00:05:49,230
299
+ hereditary or acquired ูˆุฌุนู„ู‡ hereditary ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:49,230 --> 00:05:52,170
303
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ membrane defect ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:52,170 --> 00:05:56,150
307
+ ุงู„ู€ spherocytosis ูˆุงู„ู€ elliptocytosis ุซู… ุงู„ู€
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:56,150 --> 00:05:59,970
311
+ metabolic defect ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ enzymopathy ูˆู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:59,970 --> 00:06:04,450
315
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ G6PD ุซู… ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin defect ูˆุงุฎุฏู†ุง
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:04,450 --> 00:06:07,930
319
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ thalassemia ูˆุงู„ู€ sickle cell
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:07,930 --> 00:06:13,470
323
+ anemia ูˆุงู†ุดุฑุญ ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acquired
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:13,470 --> 00:06:17,970
327
+ ูˆูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ immune ูˆููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:17,970 --> 00:06:22,370
331
+ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:22,370 --> 00:06:30,550
335
+ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:30,550 --> 00:06:31,690
339
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:31,690 --> 00:06:32,430
343
+ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:32,430 --> 00:06:33,590
347
+ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:33,590 --> 00:06:34,730
351
+ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:35,430
355
+ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:35,430 --> 00:06:38,250
359
+ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:38,250 --> 00:06:38,970
363
+ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:38,970 --> 00:06:39,470
367
+ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:39,470 --> 00:06:39,610
371
+ ุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูˆ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:39,610 --> 00:06:43,540
375
+ autoุซู… Infection ุณุจุจ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู„ู€ Acquired Hemolytic
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:43,540 --> 00:06:47,420
379
+ Anemia ุซู… Chemical Agent and Physical Agent ุฏุฎู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:47,420 --> 00:06:51,680
383
+ ุนู„ู‰ Blood Vessels ูˆุนู…ู„ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุซู… ุงู„ู€ PNH ู…ุฑุงุช
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:51,680 --> 00:06:56,140
387
+ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Acquired ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ Acquired Intrinsic
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:56,140 --> 00:06:59,620
391
+ Defect ูˆุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:59,620 --> 00:07:02,520
395
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ inherited Hemolytic
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:02,520 --> 00:07:08,120
399
+ Anemia ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:09,010 --> 00:07:14,110
403
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ Disorder of Global Synthesis ุฃูˆ Structure
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:14,110 --> 00:07:17,550
407
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู†ูˆุจุงุชูŠ ูˆุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:17,550 --> 00:07:22,510
411
+ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠูƒู„ุณูŠู„ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ Primary
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:22,510 --> 00:07:25,550
415
+ Membrane Defect ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ุจุฑูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:25,550 --> 00:07:29,270
419
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Enzyme Disorder ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Primary
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:29,270 --> 00:07:33,650
423
+ Membrane Disorders ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… Primary Membrane
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:33,650 --> 00:07:39,200
427
+ Disorder ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ุจุฑูŠู† ูˆุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:39,200 --> 00:07:46,400
431
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:46,400 --> 00:07:51,780
435
+ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญุณุจ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงุณู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:51,780 --> 00:08:00,420
439
+ according to the shape of RBC's results ูˆู‡ุฐุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:00,420 --> 00:08:03,400
443
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:04,410 --> 00:08:07,610
447
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‹ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:07,610 --> 00:08:11,370
451
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน Hereditary Spherocytosis ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู…
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:11,370 --> 00:08:15,610
455
+ Hereditary Spherocyte ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฑูˆูŠุฉ ูˆูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:15,610 --> 00:08:18,130
459
+ Hereditary ู„ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ inherited form
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:18,130 --> 00:08:22,670
463
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Congenital Hemolytic Anemia ู†ูุณ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:22,670 --> 00:08:26,330
467
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Congenital
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:26,330 --> 00:08:33,090
471
+ Hemolytic Jaundice ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุง jaundice ูˆู‡ูŠ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:33,090 --> 00:08:40,690
475
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ membrane abnormality ุงู„ู€ incidence
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:40,690 --> 00:08:44,490
479
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุขู„ุงู ููŠ ุดู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุงุŒ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:44,490 --> 00:08:49,690
483
+ ุชุณู„ู‘ุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุทุŒ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:49,690 --> 00:08:54,830
487
+ ููŠ ูู„ุณุทูŠู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ inheritance it inherited as
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:54,830 --> 00:08:59,390
491
+ autosomal dominant ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ non six-legged ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู†
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:59,390 --> 00:09:03,650
495
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ autosomal recessive ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:03,650 --> 00:09:08,990
499
+ severity ู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ุชุณุฌู„ ุฃูŠ homozygous form ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:08,990 --> 00:09:11,830
503
+ autosomal dominant ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง incompatible
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:11,830 --> 00:09:16,870
507
+ with life ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ homozygous form of
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:16,870 --> 00:09:24,370
511
+ autosomal dominant form ุจูŠู…ูˆุช ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุง ุจูŠุนูŠุด ุทุจ ุงู„ู€
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:24,370 --> 00:09:28,410
515
+ pathophysiology ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:28,410 --> 00:09:32,730
519
+ Spherocytes ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู…ุจุฑูŠู† ุถุนูŠู
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:32,730 --> 00:09:36,990
523
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ู…ุจุฑูŠู† ุถุนูŠู ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฏุฎู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:36,990 --> 00:09:41,370
527
+ ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:41,370 --> 00:09:44,910
531
+ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฅู† ุฅุฐุง ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู„ุญู‚ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุชู†ูุฌุฑ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:44,910 --> 00:09:49,550
535
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŸ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:49,550 --> 00:09:54,390
539
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Spherocytes
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:54,390 --> 00:10:02,010
543
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุดุงู† ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:02,010 --> 00:10:07,650
547
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฎุด ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุจู…ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุงู‚ุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:07,650 --> 00:10:12,190
551
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ATP ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุฏู‡ุง Glucose ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:12,190 --> 00:10:17,930
555
+ ุงู„ู€ Spherocyte ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุณูƒุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุณูƒุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:17,930 --> 00:10:22,570
559
+ ATP ุทุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ ATP ุจู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุบู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:22,570 --> 00:10:25,470
563
+ ุงู„ู€ sodium potassium pump ู†ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ sodium ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:25,470 --> 00:10:29,570
567
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ spherocyte ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ normal
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:29,570 --> 00:10:33,910
571
+ normocyte ููŠ ุงู„ู€ spherocyte ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:33,910 --> 00:10:37,150
575
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ sodium potassium pump ุนุดุงู†
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:37,150 --> 00:10:40,510
579
+ ู†ุทู„ุนู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:40,510 --> 00:10:45,070
583
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชู„ุญู‚ ุงู„ู€ sodium ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุชู†ูุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:45,070 --> 00:10:55,480
587
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ATP ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:55,480 --> 00:10:58,980
591
+ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุฑุฌูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅูŠู†ุฑุฌูŠ ู†ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑุŒ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:58,980 --> 00:11:02,140
595
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Spherocytic cell ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุณูƒุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:02,140 --> 00:11:06,350
599
+ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ blood
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:06,350 --> 00:11:11,130
603
+ circulation ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุงุด ููŠู‡ุง ุณูƒุฑ ุฃูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:11,130 --> 00:11:16,570
607
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ splenic cord ูŠุนู†ูŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:16,570 --> 00:11:21,090
611
+ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ spleen ุฏูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุญุดุฑ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:21,090 --> 00:11:24,750
615
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:24,750 --> 00:11:29,530
619
+ ATP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:29,530 --> 00:11:36,970
623
+ ูŠุดุบู„ ุงู„ู€ Sodium Potassium Pump ุจู…ุง ูŠุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุณุฑุนุฉ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:36,970 --> 00:11:43,010
627
+ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุฏุฎู„
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:43,010 --> 00:11:47,590
631
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู‡ุชู„ุญู‚ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ูุฌุฑ ูˆุชุชูƒุณุฑ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:47,590 --> 00:11:53,670
635
+ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชุดูŠูƒ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:53,670 --> 00:11:57,650
639
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ abnormality ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ spleen ุจูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:57,650 --> 00:12:01,910
643
+ ูุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูˆุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู€
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:01,910 --> 00:12:08,270
647
+ hemolytic anemia ูู‡ู…ู†ุง .. ูู‡ู…ู†ุง ูˆู„ุง ุฃุนูŠุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:08,270 --> 00:12:14,470
651
+ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู€ Spherocyte ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุณูƒุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:14,470 --> 00:12:19,010
655
+ ุนุดุงู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ATP ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุบู‘ู„ ุงู„ู€ sodium potassium
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:19,010 --> 00:12:23,370
659
+ pump ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ sodium ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุด ููŠ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:23,370 --> 00:12:27,050
663
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Sodium .. ุงู„ู€ cell
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:27,050 --> 00:12:31,130
667
+ membrane ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุถุนูŠูุฉ ุจูŠุฎุด Sodium ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุทูŠุจ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:31,130 --> 00:12:35,830
671
+ ููŠ ุงู„ ..ูˆ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ู…ุฑูˆุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ blood circulation ุจุชู…ุฑ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:35,830 --> 00:12:39,170
675
+ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎููŠู ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ATP
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:39,170 --> 00:12:42,730
679
+ production ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ู€
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:42,730 --> 00:12:47,930
683
+ sodium potassium pump ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:47,930 --> 00:12:54,990
687
+ sodium ู…ุฎุด ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุจุชู†ูุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุด
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:54,990 --> 00:13:01,540
691
+ ูŠุฑุญู… ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ defect exact defect
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:01,540 --> 00:13:05,720
695
+ is unknown ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:05,720 --> 00:13:12,020
699
+ cytoskeletal defect has been described ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:12,020 --> 00:13:15,780
703
+ ุงู„ู€ defect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฎุต ุงู„ู€ spectrin ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู€
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:15,780 --> 00:13:18,540
707
+ spectrin ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† skeletal protein ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:18,540 --> 00:13:23,540
711
+ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ู‚ูˆุงู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:23,540 --> 00:13:28,020
715
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ defect ููŠู‡ุง ุณูŠุฎุชู„ู ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูŠุญุตู„
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:28,020 --> 00:13:33,840
719
+ quantitative decrease ู„ู€ Spectrin ูˆุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:33,840 --> 00:13:38,960
723
+ ุณูŠุตุจุญ Spherocytes ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:47,200
727
+ Spherocytic nature ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ู‚ู„ุฉ Spectrin ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:51,970
731
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Cell Membrane ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ congenital
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:51,970 --> 00:13:54,210
735
+ hemolytic anemia with variable degree of
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:54,210 --> 00:13:59,710
739
+ spirocytosis ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ osmotic fragility ู‡ุฐุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:59,710 --> 00:14:02,910
743
+ ูุญุต ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุจุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ osmotic
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:02,910 --> 00:14:07,150
747
+ fragility ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ osmotic fragility ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:07,150 --> 00:14:13,510
751
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:13,510 --> 00:14:17,970
755
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุง cell membrane ูŠู…ู†ุน ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ู†
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:17,970 --> 00:14:23,330
759
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุณุท ูˆ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:23,330 --> 00:14:28,690
763
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:28,690 --> 00:14:35,450
767
+ membrane ุถุนูŠู ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:35,450 --> 00:14:40,710
771
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ูˆุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Osmotic pressure in ูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:45,810
775
+ outside the cell ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูุจุชู†ูุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:45,810 --> 00:14:53,450
779
+ ุจุฏุฑู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… Episodic jaundice ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุจุงุช
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:53,450 --> 00:14:58,130
783
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูˆู†ุฏูŠุณ Variable splenomegaly ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:58,130 --> 00:15:02,590
787
+ ุงู„ู€ Spherocytic severity Koleolithiciasis
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:03,760 --> 00:15:09,260
791
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ pigment or stone it's less common
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:09,260 --> 00:15:13,420
795
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ laboratory finding ุดูˆููˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:13,420 --> 00:15:17,160
799
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ูŠ moderate ู„ุฃู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:19,920
803
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ heterozygous form ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ homozygous
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:21,070 --> 00:15:25,610
807
+ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ููŠู‡ Spherocytes ูˆ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ูŠุนู†ูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:25,610 --> 00:15:30,610
811
+ ู†ุณุจุชู‡ุง ู…ู† few to many ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ Spherocytic defect
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:30,610 --> 00:15:34,570
815
+ ุซู… ููŠู‡ decrease ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:34,570 --> 00:15:37,990
819
+ Spherocytes Spherocytes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุญูˆู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:37,990 --> 00:15:41,410
823
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ diameter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุต ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:41,410 --> 00:15:46,170
827
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู‚ู„ ู…ุด ุจูŠูƒุจุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:46,170 --> 00:15:50,590
831
+ Spherocytic ุงู„ู€ diameter ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ MCHC
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:51,850 --> 00:15:56,850
835
+ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏูŠุด ุงู„ู€ MCH ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:56,850 --> 00:16:03,210
839
+ concentration ูู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ุทู„ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:03,210 --> 00:16:09,010
843
+ ุจุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ูุจุชุชู„ูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ increase reticulocyte
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:09,010 --> 00:16:14,150
847
+ count ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูู…ูŠู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู† ู†ุณุจุชู‡
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:14,150 --> 00:16:22,190
851
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:22,190 --> 00:16:25,510
855
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏู‡ ู„
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:25,510 --> 00:16:31,130
859
+ platelet normal ุฅู„ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู€ hemolysis ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:31,130 --> 00:16:35,890
863
+ ููŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ูˆ Thrombocytosis ุฒู…ูˆุชูŠูƒุง
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:35,890 --> 00:16:40,450
867
+ ูุฑูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠุชูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู€
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:40,450 --> 00:16:46,270
871
+ urine ูˆ ุงู„ู€ stool ูŠูˆุฑูˆ ุจูŠูˆู„ูŠู†ุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆุง ุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:46,270 --> 00:16:51,170
875
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ metabolism ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ุฑูˆุจูŠู† ุซู… ุงู„ู€
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:51,170 --> 00:16:53,910
879
+ haptoglobin ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:53,910 --> 00:16:57,010
883
+ hemoglobin carrier ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:57,010 --> 00:17:03,290
887
+ undetectable ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ free hemoglobin ุงู„ู€
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:03,290 --> 00:17:07,470
891
+ haptoglobin ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ bubble ูุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ุณ ุชุณุช
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:07,470 --> 00:17:12,130
895
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠู…ูŠูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑู‚ ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:12,130 --> 00:17:14,870
899
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ immune Hemolytic anemia ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ other
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:14,870 --> 00:17:19,370
903
+ types of anemia ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ point
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:19,370 --> 00:17:23,370
907
+ marrow hypercellular ุจูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู€ erythroid portion ู…ู†
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:23,370 --> 00:17:28,330
911
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู„ุณุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ ุดุจุงุจ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:28,330 --> 00:17:33,230
915
+ explain ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ explain ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุถุนู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:33,230 --> 00:17:40,070
919
+ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู€ circulation ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:40,070 --> 00:17:44,510
923
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ half-life ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:44,510 --> 00:17:48,390
927
+ life span ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ูˆ ุงู„ู€
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:48,390 --> 00:17:53,470
931
+ hematocrit ูˆ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ bilirubin ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:53,470 --> 00:17:57,530
935
+ reticulocyte ูˆ ุงู„ู€ osmotic fragility ุจุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:57,530 --> 00:18:02,160
939
+ positive ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Genetic Disease
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:07,800
943
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน Hereditary Spherocytosis ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:11,700
947
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠู‡ Elliptocytosis ููŠู‡ Stomatocytosis ูˆูƒุฐุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:11,700 --> 00:18:16,100
951
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ Spherูˆ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Ellipto ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:16,100 --> 00:18:20,640
955
+ ุชูŠู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… Ellipto ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:20,640 --> 00:18:31,820
959
+ Elliptical or Oval ุงู„ู€ frequency ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ุฃู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:31,820 --> 00:18:40,220
963
+ population ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุนุจ ู†ุญุฏุฏู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู…
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:40,220 --> 00:18:45,600
967
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช clinically silent ุงู„ู€ condition is
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:51,480
971
+ inherited as autosomal dominant ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:51,480 --> 00:18:54,640
975
+ ุงู„ู€ hereditary sclerositosis ุงู„ู€ homozygous form is
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:57,680 --> 00:19:03,200
979
+ Present ู„ูƒู†ู‡ Transfusion Dependent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:09,520
983
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ู„ ุฏู… ุฏุงุฆู… ุงู„ู€ Causes ุจุฑุถู‡ ุณุฌู„ุช ุฃุณุจุงุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:09,520 --> 00:19:14,020
987
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง .. ุฒูŠ ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Hereditary Spherocytosis ู„ูƒู†
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:14,020 --> 00:19:19,720
991
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุฌู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ domain
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:19,720 --> 00:19:25,520
995
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Alpha Spectrine ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:29,020
999
+ Diamer-Diamer self-association cytoskeleton ู‡ูŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:29,020 --> 00:19:33,500
1003
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุฏ ุงู„ู€ Spectrin ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cell membrane
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:33,500 --> 00:19:41,100
1007
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ skeletal of the RBCs ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:41,100 --> 00:19:48,400
1011
+ Spectrin ุจูŠุธู„ unconnected pathophysiology ู…ุนุธู…
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:51,760
1015
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:52,990 --> 00:19:58,150
1019
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุถุนู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:58,150 --> 00:20:04,930
1023
+ cytoskeletal of the cell ุงุญู†ุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:04,930 --> 00:20:09,390
1027
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง silent ู„ูƒู† ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช ููŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:09,390 --> 00:20:17,120
1031
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ spleen ูˆ ุงู„ู€ micro vasculature ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:23,700
1035
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ fragmentation ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cytosis ูˆ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:23,700 --> 00:20:28,180
1039
+ micro ellipto cytosis micro ellipto cytosis ู„ุฃู†
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:28,180 --> 00:20:33,400
1043
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชุนุฏูŠ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:33,400 --> 00:20:38,640
1047
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชุงูƒู„ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุฏุฎูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ spleen ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุฑุฌุน
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:42,460
1051
+ ุชู„ุญู‚ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ ellipto side ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:44,550 --> 00:20:50,210
1055
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช 90% ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… hereditary
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:50,210 --> 00:20:50,950
1059
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:50,950 --> 00:20:51,190
1063
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:51,190 --> 00:20:51,410
1067
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:51,410 --> 00:20:51,530
1071
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:51,530 --> 00:20:51,550
1075
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:51,550 --> 00:20:51,710
1079
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:51,710 --> 00:20:52,590
1083
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:52,590 --> 00:20:57,350
1087
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:57,350 --> 00:21:00,770
1091
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:00,770 --> 00:21:02,790
1095
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:02,790 --> 00:21:03,830
1099
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:03,830 --> 00:21:03,850
1103
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:03,850 --> 00:21:07,330
1107
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary ุทุจุนุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:07,330 --> 00:21:11,430
1111
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃู† osmotic fragility ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:11,430 --> 00:21:14,950
1115
+ treatment splenectomy
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:14,950 --> 00:21:20,770
1119
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ spleen ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ููŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:20,770 --> 00:21:25,210
1123
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:33,860 --> 00:21:39,700
1127
+ ุจุนุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ the inherited form of hemolytic anemia
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:39,700 --> 00:21:43,180
1131
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง the enzyopathy ุฃูˆ hereditary enzyme
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:43,180 --> 00:21:50,360
1135
+ deficiency ุทุจุนุง ุณุฌู„ุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู€ enzyme
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:50,360 --> 00:21:55,540
1139
+ deficiency ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุทุจ ุงู„ู€ enzyme
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:55,540 --> 00:21:58,300
1143
+ deficiency ู…ุง ุจูŠุดูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ metabolic pathway
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:58,300 --> 00:22:03,630
1147
+ of the RBCs ุงู„ู€ metabolic pathway of the RBCs ู…ุงุฐุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:03,630 --> 00:22:10,870
1151
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€Glycolytic PathwayุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู†ูŠุฑูˆุจูŠูƒ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:10,870 --> 00:22:14,470
1155
+ Form of Glycolysis ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:14,470 --> 00:22:19,690
1159
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉุŒ ู†ุญุตู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:19,690 --> 00:22:23,930
1163
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ATP ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ATP ProductionุŒ ุจุณ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:23,930 --> 00:22:24,730
1167
+ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:28,580 --> 00:22:35,680
1171
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠุฒุชูŠู† ู…ุญุฏุฏุชูŠู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ path way ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:35,680 --> 00:22:39,400
1175
+ path way ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ path
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:45,060
1179
+ way ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:45,060 --> 00:22:50,220
1183
+ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ main path way ู‡ูˆ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ glucose ุฅู„ู‰
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:50,220 --> 00:22:54,720
1187
+ lactate ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุจู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ATP
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:54,720 --> 00:23:02,020
1191
+ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:23:02,020 --> 00:23:05,920
1195
+ ู‡ู†ุง two shunt ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ two shunt ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูุฑูŠุนุชูŠู†
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:10,080
1199
+ ุชูุฑูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู€
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:10,080 --> 00:23:14,200
1203
+ glycolytic pathway ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ hexose monophosphate
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:20,110
1207
+ shunt ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง hexose monophosphate shunt ุดูˆ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:20,110 --> 00:23:23,510
1211
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:23,510 --> 00:23:30,310
1215
+ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงุชุจู‚ุชุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:30,310 --> 00:23:33,890
1219
+ reduction ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงุชุจู‚ุชุด ุดูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุŸ ู‚ุงุนุฏู†ุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:33,890 --> 00:23:37,710
1223
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง ุนู† reducing agent
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:37,710 --> 00:23:41,910
1227
+ reducing agent ู‡ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reduction reaction
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:41,910 --> 00:23:45,810
1231
+ reducing reaction ุทุจ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:45,810 --> 00:23:50,590
1235
+ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ 1,3-diphosphate
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:50,590 --> 00:23:57,970
1239
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglycerate ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:57,970 --> 00:24:00,530
1243
+ -phosphoglycerate ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglycerate
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:24:00,530 --> 00:24:00,770
1247
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglycerate ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:24:00,770 --> 00:24:01,810
1251
+ -phosphoglycerate ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglycerate
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:24:01,810 --> 00:24:03,830
1255
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglycerate ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:24:03,830 --> 00:24:06,090
1259
+ -phosphoglycerate ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglycerate
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:06,090 --> 00:24:09,530
1263
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglycerate ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:09,530 --> 00:24:13,330
1267
+ -phosphoglycerate ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglycerate
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:24:13,330 --> 00:24:17,940
1271
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglycerate ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:24:17,940 --> 00:24:21,360
1275
+ hemoglobin function ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ู†ุงูุณ ุฌูŠุฏ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:24:21,360 --> 00:24:28,960
1279
+ ู„ู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ู€
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:33,600
1283
+ hemoglobin to release ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:24:33,600 --> 00:24:39,520
1287
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen ุทูŠุจุŒ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:42,480
1291
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ุฃู† ุนุฏุฉ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:48,960
1295
+ glucose ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ู…ุง ุชูุฑูŠุนุชูŠู† ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:54,980
1299
+ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ enzyme
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:24:54,980 --> 00:25:00,300
1303
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ enzyme ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ reaction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:25:00,300 --> 00:25:08,380
1307
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุฏุฉ ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ pathway ู…ุงุดูŠ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:08,380 --> 00:25:14,340
1311
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุณุฌู„ูˆุง ุญุงู„ุงุช deficiency ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:14,340 --> 00:25:19,700
1315
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:25:19,700 --> 00:25:26,740
1319
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… deficiencies ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:25:26,740 --> 00:25:33,100
1323
+ ุงู„ู€ G6PD ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ูˆููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:25:33,100 --> 00:25:39,780
1327
+ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุชูุฑูŠุนุชูŠู† ู…ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:25:39,780 --> 00:25:45,700
1331
+ ูŠุดูƒู„ูˆุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 5% ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:25:45,700 --> 00:25:50,120
1335
+ ุงู„ู€ main pathway ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:25:50,120 --> 00:25:55,620
1339
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณุฌู„ุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ G6PD
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:25:55,620 --> 00:26:01,280
1343
+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฌุฑ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:08,700
1347
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ defect ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:13,160
1351
+ pathway ุจูŠู‚ู ูˆุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ defect ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:26:13,160 --> 00:26:18,510
1355
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ู€ path way ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ deficient enzyme ูˆ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:26:18,510 --> 00:26:23,130
1359
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูŠู‚ู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:26:23,130 --> 00:26:30,800
1363
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† more severe than the other ุทูŠุจ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:26:30,800 --> 00:26:34,320
1367
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู€ G6PD ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ G6PD ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุชูุงุนู„ ุนุฑูู†ุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:26:34,320 --> 00:26:38,140
1371
+ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ู€
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:26:38,140 --> 00:26:41,300
1375
+ glucose ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ glucose 6-phosphate ูˆุงู„ู€ glucose 6
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:26:41,300 --> 00:26:44,060
1379
+ -phosphate ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ enzyme G6PD ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 6
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:26:44,060 --> 00:26:48,500
1383
+ -phosphogluconate ุดูˆูุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:26:48,500 --> 00:26:53,540
1387
+ ุฌุงู†ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ู€ NADP+ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ NADPH ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:26:53,540 --> 00:26:58,910
1391
+ ุฃู†ุชุฌู†ุง NADPH ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุจู„ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:26:58,910 --> 00:27:01,950
1395
+ reducing agent ุจูŠุนู…ู„ continuous reduction ู„ู„ู€
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:27:01,950 --> 00:27:06,090
1399
+ oxidized glutathione ูˆุจูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ reduced form
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:27:06,090 --> 00:27:09,790
1403
+ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ู€ reduced formุŸ ุฌุงู„ ู„ุฅู† ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ู€
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:27:09,790 --> 00:27:13,170
1407
+ glutathione ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎุท ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:27:13,170 --> 00:27:19,310
1411
+ hemoglobin ุฃูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏุงู†ุช ุจูŠุฎุด ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:27:19,310 --> 00:27:26,360
1415
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุด ู…ุชุตุฏู‚ู„ู‡ ูุจุช ุฃูƒุณุฏ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุฃูƒุณุฏุฉ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:27:26,360 --> 00:27:29,220
1419
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒุณุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชุญูˆู„
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:27:29,220 --> 00:27:32,260
1423
+ ู„ู…ูŠุช ู‡ู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ is not functioning
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:27:32,260 --> 00:27:38,300
1427
+ anymore ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชุชุฃูƒุณุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:27:38,300 --> 00:27:43,400
1431
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ reduced form ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:48,340
1435
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ูุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด G6PD ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด NADPH
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:27:48,340 --> 00:27:51,410
1439
+ production ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Oxidized
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:27:51,410 --> 00:28:00,050
1443
+ Glutathione ุณุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุคูƒุณุฏุฉ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฎุชุฒู„ุฉ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:06,360
1447
+ ุฃูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฎุด ู‡ูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:28:06,360 --> 00:28:09,760
1451
+ ู…ูŠุช ู‡ู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ูˆุฅุฐุง ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุช ู‡ู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู†
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:28:09,760 --> 00:28:14,640
1455
+ ูุจุชุฑุณุจ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุจุทุก Soluble ูˆุจุชุดูˆูู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:18,180
1459
+ Heinz body ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ Heinz body ููŠ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:28:18,180 --> 00:28:22,100
1463
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ abnormal cell which
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:28:22,100 --> 00:28:24,880
1467
+ can be detected by a spleen ูˆุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:28:24,880 --> 00:28:30,020
1471
+ ูุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุด G6PD ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:28:32,740 --> 00:28:38,900
1475
+ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุทู…ุง ู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:28:38,900 --> 00:28:45,060
1479
+ ููŠู‡ ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู…ุฌ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:28:45,060 --> 00:28:51,940
1483
+ ู„ู„ู…ู…ุจุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฏู…ุฌ ู„ู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:28:51,940 --> 00:28:57,640
1487
+ ุชูˆุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ G6PD production of NADPH ูˆ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:28:57,640 --> 00:29:02,570
1491
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ regeneration ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆุชุงุซูŠูˆู† ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:29:02,570 --> 00:29:06,530
1495
+ glutathioneุŸ glutathione protect against oxidative
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:29:06,530 --> 00:29:11,470
1499
+ stress ุบูŠุงุจู‡ ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:29:11,470 --> 00:29:16,350
1503
+ oxidative stresses ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ infection ูˆุจุนุถ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:29:16,350 --> 00:29:23,190
1507
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ูˆุงู„ู€ fava bean ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠุงุช
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:29:23,190 --> 00:29:27,950
1511
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ fava bean ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ููˆู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:29:29,280 --> 00:29:36,300
1515
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ููˆู„ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ููˆู„
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:29:36,300 --> 00:29:41,240
1519
+ ู…ุฌุงุฒุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู€ oxidative stress
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:29:41,240 --> 00:29:44,180
1523
+ ู‡ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Heinz body formation ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:29:44,180 --> 00:29:48,260
1527
+ extravascular hemolysis ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:29:48,260 --> 00:29:51,240
1531
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒู„ hemoglobin ุจุชุชุฃูƒุณุฏ ูˆุจุชุชุฑุณุจ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:56,090
1535
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุชุดูˆูู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ Heinz body ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญูˆู„
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:29:56,090 --> 00:29:59,490
1539
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุณุจู„ูŠู†
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:29:59,490 --> 00:30:04,110
1543
+ ูˆุจุชูƒุณุฑู‡ุง extravascularly ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:30:04,110 --> 00:30:09,910
1547
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ู…ุญุชุฑู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ NADPH ุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ NADP+
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:30:09,910 --> 00:30:14,310
1551
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ oxidized glutathione ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:30:14,310 --> 00:30:19,750
1555
+ reduced ูˆุงู„ู€ reduced ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู€oxidant ูˆู‡ูˆ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:30:19,750 --> 00:30:24,090
1559
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุฑูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงุก ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:30:24,090 --> 00:30:33,550
1563
+ ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€ Oxidative agents Geographical
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:30:33,550 --> 00:30:38,810
1567
+ distribution ุฌุนู„ G6PD ุณุฌู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:30:38,810 --> 00:30:41,470
1571
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุฌู„ ููŠู‡ุง Western and Central Africa
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:30:41,470 --> 00:30:46,310
1575
+ the Mediterranean region ูˆุงู„ู€ Middle East ูˆ South
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:30:46,310 --> 00:30:53,200
1579
+ East Asia ุฑู…ุฒ ู„ู„ู€ G6PD ุฃู†ุฒูŠู† ุจู€ G6PD ูŠุนู†ูŠ designated
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:30:53,200 --> 00:31:02,320
1583
+ as G6PD type 99% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ white people ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:31:02,320 --> 00:31:11,960
1587
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู„ูƒู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:16,080
1591
+ Mediterranean type ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู€
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:21,910
1595
+ Mediterranean ู„ูƒู† ู…ุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:31:21,910 --> 00:31:30,530
1599
+ prevalence is low ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ G6PD type ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ 99% ู…ู†
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:31:30,530 --> 00:31:36,490
1603
+ ุงู„ู€ population of white ูˆุงู„ู€ Mediterranean ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:31:36,490 --> 00:31:42,710
1607
+ ุงู„ู€ white ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฎุทุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน G6PD ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู…
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:31:42,710 --> 00:31:49,140
1611
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ prevalence ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Central
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:31:49,140 --> 00:31:54,420
1615
+ Africa ูˆุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:31:54,420 --> 00:32:00,600
1619
+ G6DA ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูุฑุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ G6PD ุจู€ Single
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:32:00,600 --> 00:32:04,240
1623
+ Amino Acid Substitution ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Amino Acid
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:08,780
1627
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ ุบูŠุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Electrophoretic Mobility ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:32:08,780 --> 00:32:13,820
1631
+ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุจุดูƒู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:32:13,820 --> 00:32:22,120
1635
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 20% ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ American Black Men ุทุจุนุง
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:32:22,120 --> 00:32:26,160
1639
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูˆุญูƒู†ุงู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู…
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:32:26,160 --> 00:32:31,260
1643
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:32:31,260 --> 00:32:36,260
1647
+ ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจูŠุฏู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ุงู‡ุง 120 ูŠูˆู… ูู‡ูˆ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:32:36,260 --> 00:32:40,680
1651
+ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุจุชุนูŠุด 120 ูŠูˆู… ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆ still it
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:32:40,680 --> 00:32:45,150
1655
+ can live more ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:32:45,150 --> 00:32:50,170
1659
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ black people ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:32:50,170 --> 00:32:55,170
1663
+ ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุฃู‚ู„ severity ู„ูƒู† ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:32:55,170 --> 00:33:02,510
1667
+ ุจุชุนูŠุด ููŠ 80 ูŠูˆู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 40
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:33:02,510 --> 00:33:08,550
1671
+ ูŠูˆู… ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุนูŠุด 120 ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ more severe
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:33:08,550 --> 00:33:12,130
1675
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Mediterranean ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ G6PD
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:33:12,130 --> 00:33:16,510
1679
+ type ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ู„ุง ุชุนูŠุด ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:33:16,510 --> 00:33:22,050
1683
+ ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ very severe. Mode of inheritance ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:33:22,050 --> 00:33:25,370
1687
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† G6PD ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ X-Chromosome ููŠ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:33:25,370 --> 00:33:31,350
1691
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ XQTR ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:33:31,350 --> 00:33:38,440
1695
+ ุจุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ factor 8. ุงู„ู€ Disorder ุจู…ุง
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:33:38,440 --> 00:33:44,260
1699
+ ุฃู†ู‡ X-linked ูŠุจู‚ู‰ it's manifested ููŠ ุงู„ู€ male
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:33:44,260 --> 00:33:50,040
1703
+ expressed ููŠ ุงู„ู€ male ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Hemizygote ูˆ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:33:50,040 --> 00:33:55,780
1707
+ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ mutated X-chromosome ุจู†ูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ู€
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:33:55,780 --> 00:34:01,920
1711
+ male is patient ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ female ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง 2 X
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:34:01,920 --> 00:34:04,360
1715
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† heterozygous ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:34:04,360 --> 00:34:09,600
1719
+ homozygousุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ homozygous ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู†ุต ุงู„ู€ RBC's
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:34:09,600 --> 00:34:15,450
1723
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ุดุงุจู‡ Pathophysiology ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:34:15,450 --> 00:34:18,950
1727
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ OxidantุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Damage ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ู€
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:34:18,950 --> 00:34:23,070
1731
+ Hemoglobin ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Heinz Body Formation ูˆุฅู…ุง
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:34:23,070 --> 00:34:27,050
1735
+ ุงู„ู€ Schistocyte Membrane ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† Strong Oxidant
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:34:27,050 --> 00:34:32,230
1739
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุญ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:34:32,230 --> 00:34:37,230
1743
+ Hemolysis ููŠ ุงู„ู€ G6PD ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Extra-Vascular ุฃูˆ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:34:37,230 --> 00:34:42,720
1747
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ Heinz body ู…ุชุนุฑูุฉ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:34:42,720 --> 00:34:47,940
1751
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุจู„ูŠู† ู…ุน Graphiocytosis ุฃูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ oxidant
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:34:47,940 --> 00:34:51,520
1755
+ ู‚ูˆูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ red cell membrane
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:34:51,520 --> 00:35:01,020
1759
+ damage ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ Intravascular Hemorrhage ูุญูˆุตุงุช
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:35:02,570 --> 00:35:06,770
1763
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุฎุต G6PD ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:35:06,770 --> 00:35:11,550
1767
+ elevated ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุจู† level ุงู„ู€ Haptoglobin ุจูŠูƒูˆู† very
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:35:11,550 --> 00:35:20,830
1771
+ lowุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุบู„ูˆุจ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆ reticulocyte ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:35:20,830 --> 00:35:26,770
1775
+ RBCs countุŒ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู†ูˆ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ body ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:35:26,770 --> 00:35:32,010
1779
+ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ุฅุฐุง ุณุจู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ุจู€ methylene blue ูˆ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:35:32,010 --> 00:35:36,790
1783
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Methaemoglobin Reduction Test
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:35:36,790 --> 00:35:40,210
1787
+ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ู ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู…ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/Ha5q0Kdyiac_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1824 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,910 --> 00:00:06,470
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠ ุณูŠุฏ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,470 --> 00:00:10,670
7
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,670 --> 00:00:18,910
11
+ hemolytic anemia ูŠุง ุญู„ูˆุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:18,910 --> 00:00:24,250
15
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ hemolytic anemia ูˆ ู†ุชุนุฑู
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:24,250 --> 00:00:32,570
19
+ ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุจุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:32,570 --> 00:00:37,330
23
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:37,330 --> 00:00:42,430
27
+ ูƒูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุจุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ุงูŠุถุง ุจุฅู† ุงูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:42,430 --> 00:00:46,710
31
+ ุงู„ู‰ reduction of lifespan ู„ู„ RBC ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Hemolytic
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:46,710 --> 00:00:53,150
35
+ disorders ูˆุงู„ Hemolytic disorders ุจูŠุจูŠู†ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:54,830 --> 00:00:59,850
39
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุด acute ู…ุง ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:59,850 --> 00:01:04,770
43
+ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ุง arithopoietic hyperplasia ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:04,770 --> 00:01:09,210
47
+ being seen ูŠูˆู… ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ RBC ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:09,210 --> 00:01:13,750
51
+ compensated hemolytic anemia ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุจุฏุฃ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:13,750 --> 00:01:15,990
55
+ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ hemolytic anemia ุงูŠุด ุงู„ compensated
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:15,990 --> 00:01:19,410
59
+ hemolytic anemia ูŠุนู†ู‰ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุชุชุดูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:19,410 --> 00:01:21,990
63
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:21,990 --> 00:01:27,330
67
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ bone marrow ูŠูˆุณุน ู…ู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ูุจุชุชูˆุณุน
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:27,330 --> 00:01:31,330
71
+ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ูˆ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ erythropoietic activity ููŠ ุงู„ bone
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:31,330 --> 00:01:35,910
75
+ marrow ูŠุนู†ู‰
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,910 --> 00:01:41,090
79
+ ุงู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุงู„ bone marrow ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู† ูŠูˆุณุน ุญุฌู…ู‡
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:41,090 --> 00:01:48,440
83
+ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุจุญูŠุซ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณุชุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:48,440 --> 00:01:54,760
87
+ ุชู…ุงู† ุฃุถุนุงู ุงู„ normal ูˆู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:54,760 --> 00:01:59,580
91
+ ุณุช ุฃุถุนุงู ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู† ุฃุถุนุงู ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ุช ุงู„ life
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:59,580 --> 00:02:06,740
95
+ span ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ anemia ูˆูŠุฎุด ููŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:06,740 --> 00:02:11,400
99
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง compensated hemolytic anemiaุทุจ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:15,280
103
+ ูˆ ูƒุชุงุด ุจุชุจูŠู† ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ life span ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:20,460
107
+ ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ life span ุชุจุน ุงู„ RPC normalูŠ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฉ ู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:20,460 --> 00:02:25,080
111
+ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ูุจุชุฏู„ compensated ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:29,220
115
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:29,220 --> 00:02:32,680
119
+ hemolytic ุฃู†ูŠุฉุงู„ู€ Classification ู„ู„ู€ Hemolytic
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:32,680 --> 00:02:37,780
123
+ Anemia ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:37,780 --> 00:02:41,940
127
+ ุงู„ site of Hemolysis ู‡ู„ ุงู„ Hemolysis Extravascular
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:41,940 --> 00:02:46,440
131
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Spleen ูˆ ู„ุง ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€Endothelial
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:46,440 --> 00:02:51,620
135
+ System ูˆ ู„ุง Intravascular ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ within the blood
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:51,620 --> 00:02:56,670
139
+ vesselsุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุนูŠุจู‡ุง ุงู† ููŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:56,670 --> 00:03:00,630
143
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ hemolysis ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ in both intra ูˆ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:00,630 --> 00:03:04,230
147
+ extra vascular ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ extra
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:04,230 --> 00:03:06,350
151
+ vascular ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hemolysis ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ R
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:06,350 --> 00:03:09,830
155
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุงู„ hemoglobin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:09,830 --> 00:03:16,040
159
+ globin ูˆ hemeุจุชุญู„ู„ ุงู„ู‰ iron ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ iron ูˆ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:16,040 --> 00:03:20,500
163
+ ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ุงุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ protoporphine ุงู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:20,500 --> 00:03:24,220
167
+ protoporphine ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ liver ุงู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:24,220 --> 00:03:28,620
171
+ ุจู„ูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ูู‰ ุงู„ macrophage ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ as unconjugated
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:28,620 --> 00:03:36,060
175
+ pluribine ูู‰ ุงู„ blood circulation ุทุจุนุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:36,060 --> 00:03:38,940
179
+ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† toxic substance ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:38,940 --> 00:03:42,790
183
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ liverูุงู„ liver
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:42,790 --> 00:03:45,510
187
+ ุจุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ liver ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ liver ุจุนู…ู„ู‡
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:45,510 --> 00:03:49,550
191
+ glucurination ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ stool ูˆ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูู‰
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:49,550 --> 00:03:49,850
195
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฑุงู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:52,850 --> 00:03:56,670
199
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Extravascular Hemolysis ุงู„ู€
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:56,670 --> 00:03:58,930
203
+ Intravascular Hemolysis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hemolysis ุงู„ู„ูŠ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:58,930 --> 00:04:03,750
207
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ within .. within the blood vessels slices
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:03,750 --> 00:04:07,230
211
+ ูุจุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ Hemoglobin ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:07,230 --> 00:04:10,230
215
+ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุน ุงู„ blood circulation ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฏู† ูˆ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:10,230 --> 00:04:12,670
219
+ ุจุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ urine as Hemoglobin in urea ูˆ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:12,670 --> 00:04:16,210
223
+ Hemoglobin .. ูˆ Hemocidin in urea ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูŠุถู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:16,210 --> 00:04:19,710
227
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุช Hemoglobin
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:21,930 --> 00:04:25,490
231
+ ุทูŠุจ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง according to the site of
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:25,490 --> 00:04:31,950
235
+ defect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:31,950 --> 00:04:36,650
239
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† structural or functional ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:36,650 --> 00:04:40,570
243
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ููŠู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:40,570 --> 00:04:43,670
247
+ drug ุจูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุงูˆ ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุงูˆ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:43,670 --> 00:04:48,190
251
+ whatever ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ extra carboxylar ุงูˆ extra vascular
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:48,190 --> 00:04:55,230
255
+ inherited or acquiredุงู„ู€ Inherited ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจู€
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:55,230 --> 00:05:00,690
259
+ Intrinsic Defect ูˆุงู„ู€ Acquired is usually caused
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:00,690 --> 00:05:05,230
263
+ by Extrinsic Defect ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ exception ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:05,230 --> 00:05:09,110
267
+ classification ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ P&H ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑู‡ ุฒุนูŠู…
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:09,110 --> 00:05:12,850
271
+ ุงู„ู†ุฎุดูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ู…ูˆู„ูˆ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุงู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Acquired
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:12,850 --> 00:05:19,290
275
+ Intrinsic Defect Acquired Intrinsic Defect ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:19,290 --> 00:05:24,730
279
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง G6PD ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:24,730 --> 00:05:29,650
283
+ inherited ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ Extrinsic Trigger ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:29,650 --> 00:05:34,490
287
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:34,490 --> 00:05:38,230
291
+ ู‡ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุตูŠุฑ which is most commonly used
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:38,230 --> 00:05:44,230
295
+ ู‚ุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆู„ุชูƒุงู„ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู‰ inherited or acquired
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:44,230 --> 00:05:49,230
299
+ hereditary or acquired ูˆ ุฌุนู„ู‡ hereditary ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:49,230 --> 00:05:52,170
303
+ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ memory defect ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:52,170 --> 00:05:56,150
307
+ ุงู„ spherocytosis ูˆ ุงู„ elliptocytosis ุซู… ุงู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:56,150 --> 00:05:59,970
311
+ metabolic defect ุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ enzymopathy ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:59,970 --> 00:06:04,450
315
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ G6PD ุซู… ุงู„ hemoglobin defect ูˆุงุฎุฏู†ุง
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:04,450 --> 00:06:07,930
319
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ thalassemia ูˆ ุงู„ sickle cell
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:07,930 --> 00:06:13,470
323
+ anemia ูˆ ุงู†ุดุฑุนุชูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ acquired
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:13,470 --> 00:06:17,970
327
+ ูˆูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู‰ immune ูˆููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:17,970 --> 00:06:22,370
331
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:22,370 --> 00:06:30,550
335
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:30,550 --> 00:06:31,690
339
+ ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:31,690 --> 00:06:32,430
343
+ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:32,430 --> 00:06:33,590
347
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:33,590 --> 00:06:34,730
351
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:34,730
355
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:34,730
359
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:35,430
363
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:35,430 --> 00:06:38,250
367
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:38,250 --> 00:06:38,970
371
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:38,970 --> 00:06:38,970
375
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:38,970 --> 00:06:39,470
379
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:39,470 --> 00:06:39,470
383
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:39,470 --> 00:06:39,470
387
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:39,470 --> 00:06:39,610
391
+ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„ autoimmune ูˆ ุงู„
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:39,610 --> 00:06:43,540
395
+ autoุซู… Infection ุณุจุจ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู„ู€ Acquired Hemolytic
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:43,540 --> 00:06:47,420
399
+ Anemia ุซู… Chemical Agent and Physical Agent ุฏุฎู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:06:47,420 --> 00:06:51,680
403
+ ุนู„ู‰ Blood Vessels ูˆุนู…ู„ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุซู… ุงู„ PNH ู…ุฑุงุช
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:06:51,680 --> 00:06:56,140
407
+ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ Acquired ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ Acquired Intrinsic
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:06:56,140 --> 00:06:59,620
411
+ Defect ูˆุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:06:59,620 --> 00:07:02,520
415
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ inherited Hemolytic
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:02,520 --> 00:07:08,120
419
+ Anemia ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:09,010 --> 00:07:14,110
423
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ Disorder of Global Synthesis ุฃูˆ Structure
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:14,110 --> 00:07:17,550
427
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู†ูˆุจุงุชูŠ ูˆุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:17,550 --> 00:07:22,510
431
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุซูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠูƒู„ุณูŠู„ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ Primary
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:22,510 --> 00:07:25,550
435
+ Membrane Defect ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ุจุฑุงูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:25,550 --> 00:07:29,270
439
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Enzyme Disorder ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ Primary
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:29,270 --> 00:07:33,650
443
+ Membrane Disorders ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… Primary Membrane
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:33,650 --> 00:07:39,200
447
+ Disorder ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ุจุฑุงูŠู†ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:39,200 --> 00:07:46,400
451
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:46,400 --> 00:07:51,780
455
+ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญุณุจ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงุณู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:07:51,780 --> 00:08:00,420
459
+ according to the shape of RBC's results ูˆู‡ุฐุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:00,420 --> 00:08:03,400
463
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:04,410 --> 00:08:07,610
467
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:07,610 --> 00:08:11,370
471
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน Hereditary Spherocytosis ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู…
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:11,370 --> 00:08:15,610
475
+ Hereditary Spherocyte ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฑูˆูŠุฉ ูˆูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:15,610 --> 00:08:18,130
479
+ Hereditary ู„ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ inherited form
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:18,130 --> 00:08:22,670
483
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงูŠุถุง Congenital Hemolytic Anemia ู†ูุณ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:22,670 --> 00:08:26,330
487
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Congenital
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:26,330 --> 00:08:33,090
491
+ Hemolytic Jaundice ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุง jaundiceูˆู‡ูŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:33,090 --> 00:08:40,690
495
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ membrane abnormality ุงู„ incidence
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:40,690 --> 00:08:44,490
499
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฎู…ุณ ุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุดู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุงุŒ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:44,490 --> 00:08:49,690
503
+ ุชุณูŠู„ุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุทุŒ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:49,690 --> 00:08:54,830
507
+ ููŠ ูู„ุณุทูŠู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ inheritance it inherited as
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:54,830 --> 00:08:59,390
511
+ autosomal dominant ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ non six-leggedูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:59,390 --> 00:09:03,650
515
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ autosomal recessive ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:03,650 --> 00:09:08,990
519
+ severity ู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ุชุณุฌู„ ุฃูŠ homozygous form ู…ู† ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:08,990 --> 00:09:11,830
523
+ autosomal dominant ู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง incompatible
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:11,830 --> 00:09:16,870
527
+ with wife ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ homozygous form of
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:16,870 --> 00:09:24,370
531
+ autosomal dominant form ุจูŠู…ูˆุช ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุง ุจูŠุนูŠุด ุทุจ ุงู„
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:24,370 --> 00:09:28,410
535
+ pathophysiology ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:28,410 --> 00:09:32,730
539
+ Spherocytes ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู…ุจุฑู†ุง ุถุนูŠู
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:32,730 --> 00:09:36,990
543
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ู…ุจุฑู†ุง ุถุนูŠู ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฏุฎู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:36,990 --> 00:09:41,370
547
+ ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฎุทุฑุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:41,370 --> 00:09:44,910
551
+ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฅู† ุฅุฐุง ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู„ุญู‚ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุชู†ูุฌุฑ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:44,910 --> 00:09:49,550
555
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŸ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:49,550 --> 00:09:54,390
559
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ Spherocytes
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:54,390 --> 00:10:02,010
563
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนุดุงู† ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู…
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:02,010 --> 00:10:07,650
567
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฎุด ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆุจู…ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุงู‚ุฉ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:07,650 --> 00:10:12,190
571
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ATP ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจุฏู‡ุง Glucose ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:12,190 --> 00:10:17,930
575
+ ุงู„ู€ Spherocyte ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุณูƒุฑ ุฃูƒุชุฑุณูƒุฑ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูŠู†ุง
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:17,930 --> 00:10:22,570
579
+ ATP ุทุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ ATP ุจู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุบู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:22,570 --> 00:10:25,470
583
+ ุงู„ sodium potassium pump ู†ุทู„ุน ุงู„ sodium ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:25,470 --> 00:10:29,570
587
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ spherocyte ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ normal
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:29,570 --> 00:10:33,910
591
+ normocyte ููŠ ุงู„ spherocyte ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู…
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:33,910 --> 00:10:37,150
595
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ sodium potassium pump ุนุดุงู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:37,150 --> 00:10:40,510
599
+ ู†ุทู„ุนู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:40,510 --> 00:10:45,070
603
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชู„ุญู‚ ุงู„ sodium ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจุชู†ูุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู†
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:45,070 --> 00:10:55,480
607
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุนุดุงู† ุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ATP ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:55,480 --> 00:10:58,980
611
+ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅูŠู†ุงุฑุฌูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅูŠู†ุงุฑุฌูŠ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑุŒ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:58,980 --> 00:11:02,140
615
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Spherocytic cell ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุณูƒุฑ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:02,140 --> 00:11:06,350
619
+ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ููŠ blood
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:06,350 --> 00:11:11,130
623
+ circulation ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุณููƒุฑ ุฃูˆ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:11,130 --> 00:11:16,570
627
+ ุงู„ุณููƒุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ splenic cord ูŠุนู†ูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:16,570 --> 00:11:21,090
631
+ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ spleen ุฏูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุญุดุฑ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:21,090 --> 00:11:24,750
635
+ ุงู„ุณููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุณููƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ุงู†ุงุฉ ุงู„
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:24,750 --> 00:11:29,530
639
+ ATP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:29,530 --> 00:11:36,970
643
+ ูŠุดุบู„ู„ู†ุง Sodium Potassium Pump ุจู…ุง ูŠุชู†ุงุณุจู…ุน ุณุฑุนุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:36,970 --> 00:11:43,010
647
+ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุฏุฎู„
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:43,010 --> 00:11:47,590
651
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู‡ุชู„ุญุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ูุฌุฑ ูˆุชุชูƒุณุฑ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:47,590 --> 00:11:53,670
655
+ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงุตู„ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุดูŠูƒ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:53,670 --> 00:11:57,650
659
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠ abnormality ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ spleen ุจูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:57,650 --> 00:12:01,910
663
+ ูุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูˆุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:01,910 --> 00:12:08,270
667
+ hemolytic anemiaูู‡ู…ู†ุง .. ูู‡ู…ู†ุง ูˆู„ุง ุฃุนูŠุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:08,270 --> 00:12:14,470
671
+ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู€ Spherocyte ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุณููƒุฑ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:14,470 --> 00:12:19,010
675
+ ุนุดุงู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ATP ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุบู‘ู„ ุงู„ sodium potassium
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:19,010 --> 00:12:23,370
679
+ pump ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ sodium ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุด ููŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:23,370 --> 00:12:27,050
683
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Sodium .. ุงู„ู€ cell
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:27,050 --> 00:12:31,130
687
+ membrane ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุถุนูŠูุฉ ุจูŠุฎุด Sodium ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุทูŠุจ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:31,130 --> 00:12:35,830
691
+ ููŠ ุงู„ ..ูˆ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ู…ุฑูˆุฑู‡ุง ููŠ blood circulation ุจุชู…ุฑ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:35,830 --> 00:12:39,170
695
+ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎููŠู ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ ATP
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:39,170 --> 00:12:42,730
699
+ production ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:42,730 --> 00:12:47,930
703
+ sodium potassium bond ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:47,930 --> 00:12:54,990
707
+ sodium ู…ุฎุด ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุจุชู†ูุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุด
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:54,990 --> 00:13:01,540
711
+ ูŠุฑุญู… ุงู„ุงุณุณ ุงุณุจุงุจู‡ุงุจู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ defect exact defect
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:01,540 --> 00:13:05,720
715
+ is unknown ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:05,720 --> 00:13:12,020
719
+ cytoskeletal defect has been described ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:12,020 --> 00:13:15,780
723
+ ุงู„ู€ defect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฎุต ุงู„ู€ spectrin ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู€
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:15,780 --> 00:13:18,540
727
+ spectrin ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† skeletal protein ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:18,540 --> 00:13:23,540
731
+ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ู‚ูˆุงู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:23,540 --> 00:13:28,020
735
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ defect ููŠู‡ุง ุณูŠุฎุชู„ู ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูŠุญุตู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:28,020 --> 00:13:33,840
739
+ quantitative decrease ู„ู€ Spectrin ูˆุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:33,840 --> 00:13:38,960
743
+ ุณูŠุตุจุญ Spherocytes ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:47,200
747
+ Spherocytic nature ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ู‚ู„ุฉ Spectrin ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:51,970
751
+ ููŠ Cell Membraneุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ congenital
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:51,970 --> 00:13:54,210
755
+ hemolytic anemia with variable degree of
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:54,210 --> 00:13:59,710
759
+ spirocytosis ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ู€ osmotic fragility ู‡ุฐุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:59,710 --> 00:14:02,910
763
+ ูุญุต ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุจุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ osmotic
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:02,910 --> 00:14:07,150
767
+ fragility ุงูŠุด ุงู„ osmotic fragility ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:07,150 --> 00:14:13,510
771
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:13,510 --> 00:14:17,970
775
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุง cell membrane ูŠู…ู†ุน ุฏุฎูˆู„ุฃูŠ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ู†
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:17,970 --> 00:14:23,330
779
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุณุท ูˆ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:23,330 --> 00:14:28,690
783
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:28,690 --> 00:14:35,450
787
+ membrane ุถุนูŠู ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:35,450 --> 00:14:40,710
791
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ูˆุชุณุงูˆูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Osmotic pressure in ูˆ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:45,810
795
+ outside the cell ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูุจุชู†ูุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:45,810 --> 00:14:53,450
799
+ ุจุฏุฑูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… Episodic jaundice ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุจุงุช
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:53,450 --> 00:14:58,130
803
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูˆู†ุฏูŠุณ Variable splenomegaly ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:58,130 --> 00:15:02,590
807
+ ุงู„ู€ Spherocytic severity Koleolithiciasis
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:03,760 --> 00:15:09,260
811
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ pigment or stone it's less common
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:09,260 --> 00:15:13,420
815
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ laboratory finding ุดูˆููˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:13,420 --> 00:15:17,160
819
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ูŠ moderate ู„ุฅู†
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:19,920
823
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ heterozygous form ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ homozygous
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:21,070 --> 00:15:25,610
827
+ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ููŠู‡ Spherocytes ูˆ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ูŠุนู†ูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:25,610 --> 00:15:30,610
831
+ ู†ุณุจุชู‡ุง ู…ู† few to many ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ Spherocytic defect
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:30,610 --> 00:15:34,570
835
+ ุซู… ููŠู‡ decrease ููŠ ุงู„ RBCs ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:34,570 --> 00:15:37,990
839
+ Spherocytes Spherocytes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุญูˆู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:37,990 --> 00:15:41,410
843
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ diameter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุต ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:41,410 --> 00:15:46,170
847
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ู„ ู…ุด ุจูŠูƒุจุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:46,170 --> 00:15:50,590
851
+ Spherocytic ุงู„ diameter ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ MCHC
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:51,850 --> 00:15:56,850
855
+ ุจุฒูŠุฏูŠุด ุงู„ MCH ุงู„ู‡ูˆู…ูŠู† ูƒูˆุฑุจูˆุณูƒู„ุง ุงู„ู‡ู…oglobin
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:56,850 --> 00:16:03,210
859
+ concentration ูู„ู…ุง ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ุทู„ูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:03,210 --> 00:16:09,010
863
+ ุจุงู„ู‡ู…oglobin ูุจุชุชู„ูˆู† ุงูƒุชุฑ increase reticulocyte
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:09,010 --> 00:16:14,150
867
+ count ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูู…ูŠุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ู†ุณุจุชู‡
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:14,150 --> 00:16:22,190
871
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:22,190 --> 00:16:25,510
875
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุณูŠุฒู‡ ู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:25,510 --> 00:16:31,130
879
+ platelet normal ุฅู„ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ hemolysis ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:31,130 --> 00:16:35,890
883
+ ููŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณูŠุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ูˆThrombocytosis ุฒู…ูˆุชูŠูƒุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:35,890 --> 00:16:40,450
887
+ ูุฑูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠุชูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ุจุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:40,450 --> 00:16:46,270
891
+ urine ูˆ ุงู„ stool ูŠูˆุฑูˆ ุจูŠูˆู„ูŠู†ุฌูŠู† ุจุฒูŠุฏูˆ ุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:46,270 --> 00:16:51,170
895
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ metabolism ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูˆุจูŠู† ุซู… ุงู„
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:51,170 --> 00:16:53,910
899
+ herpetoglobin ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:53,910 --> 00:16:57,010
903
+ hemoglobin carrier ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:57,010 --> 00:17:03,290
907
+ undetectable ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ููŠู‡ free hemoglobin ุงู„
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:03,290 --> 00:17:07,470
911
+ herpetoglobin ุจู…ุดูƒ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ bubble ูุจู‚ู„ุงู„ู‚ูˆู…ุณ ุชุณุช
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:07,470 --> 00:17:12,130
915
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠู…ูŠูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑู‚ ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:12,130 --> 00:17:14,870
919
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ ุงูŠู…ูŠูˆู† Hemolytic anemia ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ other
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:14,870 --> 00:17:19,370
923
+ types of anemia ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ ุจูˆุงู†
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:19,370 --> 00:17:23,370
927
+ ู…ุงุฑูˆูŠุฒ ู‡ุงูŠูุฑ ุณูŠู„ูˆู„ุงุฑ ุจูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ portion ู…ู†
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:23,370 --> 00:17:28,330
931
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุณุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุดุจุงุจ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:28,330 --> 00:17:33,230
935
+ explain ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ explain ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุงู„ุถุนู ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:33,230 --> 00:17:40,070
939
+ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ circulation ูˆู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:40,070 --> 00:17:44,510
943
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ half-life ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:44,510 --> 00:17:48,390
947
+ life span ุชุจุน ุงู„ RBCs ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ hemoglobin ูˆ ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:48,390 --> 00:17:53,470
951
+ hematocrit ูˆ ุงู„ RBCs ุจู‚ู„ ุงู„ bilirubin ุจู‚ู„ ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:53,470 --> 00:17:57,530
955
+ reticulocyte ูˆ losmotic fragility ุจุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ู‰
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:57,530 --> 00:18:02,160
959
+ positive ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Genetic Disease
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:07,800
963
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน Hereditary Spherocytosis ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:11,700
967
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠู‡ Eleptocytosis ููŠู‡ Stomatocytosis ูˆูƒุฐุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:11,700 --> 00:18:16,100
971
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ Sphero ูˆุญู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ Elepto ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:16,100 --> 00:18:20,640
975
+ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… Elepto ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:20,640 --> 00:18:31,820
979
+ Elliptical or Oval ุงู„ frequencyูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ุฃู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:31,820 --> 00:18:40,220
983
+ population ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุนุจ ู†ุญุฏุฏู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ู…ุนุธู…
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:40,220 --> 00:18:45,600
987
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช clinically silent ุงู„ condition is
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:51,480
991
+ inherited as autosomal dominant ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:51,480 --> 00:18:54,640
995
+ ุงู„hereditary sclerositosis ุงู„ homozygous form is
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:57,680 --> 00:19:03,200
999
+ Present ู„ูƒู†ู‡ Transfusion Dependent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:09,520
1003
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ู„ ุฏู… ุฏุงุฆู… ุงู„ Causes ุจุฑุถู‡ ุณุฌู„ุช ุฃุณุจุงุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:09,520 --> 00:19:14,020
1007
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง .. ุฒูŠ ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ Hereditary Spherocytosis ู„ูƒู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:14,020 --> 00:19:19,720
1011
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุฌู„ ููŠ ุงู„ domain
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:19,720 --> 00:19:25,520
1015
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ Alpha Spectrineูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:29,020
1019
+ Diamer-Diamer self-association cytoskeleton ู‡ูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:29,020 --> 00:19:33,500
1023
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุฏู„ ุงู„ Spectrin ููŠ ุงู„ cell membrane
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:33,500 --> 00:19:41,100
1027
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆูŠ ุงู„ skeletal of the RBCs ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:41,100 --> 00:19:48,400
1031
+ Spectrin ุจูŠุธู„ unconnected pathophysiology ู…ุนุธู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:51,760
1035
+ ุงู„ุญู„ุงุช ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:52,990 --> 00:19:58,150
1039
+ ุจูŠู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฏุนู ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:58,150 --> 00:20:04,930
1043
+ cytoskeletal of the cell ุงุญู†ุง
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:04,930 --> 00:20:09,390
1047
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง silent ู„ูƒู† ุจู…ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุฎุถูŠุฉ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช ููŠ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:09,390 --> 00:20:17,120
1051
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ spleenูˆ ุงู„ micro vasculature ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:23,700
1055
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ fragmentation ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุงู„ cytosis ูˆ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:23,700 --> 00:20:28,180
1059
+ micro ellipto cytosis micro ellipto cytosis ู„ุฅู†
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:28,180 --> 00:20:33,400
1063
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชุนุฏูŠ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:33,400 --> 00:20:38,640
1067
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชุงูƒู„ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุฏุฎูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ spring ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุฑุฌุน
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:42,460
1071
+ ุชู„ุญู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ ellipto side ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:44,550 --> 00:20:50,210
1075
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช 90% ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… hereditary
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:50,210 --> 00:20:50,950
1079
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:50,950 --> 00:20:51,190
1083
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:51,190 --> 00:20:51,410
1087
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:51,410 --> 00:20:51,530
1091
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:51,530 --> 00:20:51,550
1095
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:51,550 --> 00:20:51,710
1099
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:51,710 --> 00:20:52,590
1103
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:52,590 --> 00:20:57,350
1107
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:57,350 --> 00:21:00,770
1111
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:00,770 --> 00:21:02,790
1115
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:02,790 --> 00:21:03,830
1119
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:03,830 --> 00:21:03,830
1123
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:03,830 --> 00:21:03,830
1127
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:03,830 --> 00:21:03,830
1131
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:03,830 --> 00:21:03,850
1135
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:03,850 --> 00:21:03,850
1139
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditary
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:03,850 --> 00:21:07,330
1143
+ hereditary hereditary hereditary hereditaryุทุจุนุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:07,330 --> 00:21:11,430
1147
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู† ุฑุณู…ูˆุชูƒุงูุฑุงุฌูŠู„ูŠุชูŠ ุจูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ู‰ ูˆ ุงู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:11,430 --> 00:21:14,950
1151
+ treatment splenectomy
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:14,950 --> 00:21:20,770
1155
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ spleen ู‡ูŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุด ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ููŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:20,770 --> 00:21:25,210
1159
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:33,860 --> 00:21:39,700
1163
+ ุจุนุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ inherited form of hemolytic anemia
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:21:39,700 --> 00:21:43,180
1167
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ enzyopathy ุงูˆ hereditary enzyme
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:21:43,180 --> 00:21:50,360
1171
+ deficiency ุทุจุนุง ุณุฌู„ุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ enzyme
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:21:50,360 --> 00:21:55,540
1175
+ deficiency ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุทุจ ุงู„ enzyme
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:21:55,540 --> 00:21:58,300
1179
+ deficiency ู…ุง ุจูŠุดูŠุฑ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ metabolic pathway
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:21:58,300 --> 00:22:03,630
1183
+ of the RBCs ุงู„ metabolic pathway of the RBCsู…ุงุฐุง
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:03,630 --> 00:22:10,870
1187
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€Glycolytic PathwayุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู†ูŠุฑูˆุจูŠูƒ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:10,870 --> 00:22:14,470
1191
+ Form of Glycolysis ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:14,470 --> 00:22:19,690
1195
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉุŒ ู†ุญุตู„
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:19,690 --> 00:22:23,930
1199
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ATP ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ATP ProductionุŒ ุจุณ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:23,930 --> 00:22:24,730
1203
+ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:28,580 --> 00:22:35,680
1207
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠุฒุชูŠู† ู…ุญุฏุฏุชูŠู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ path way ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:35,680 --> 00:22:39,400
1211
+ path way ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ path
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:45,060
1215
+ way ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:45,060 --> 00:22:50,220
1219
+ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ main path way ู‡ูˆ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ glucose ุฅู„ู‰
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:50,220 --> 00:22:54,720
1223
+ lactateูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุจู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ATP
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:22:54,720 --> 00:23:02,020
1227
+ ู…ูˆู„ูˆููŠูˆู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:02,020 --> 00:23:05,920
1231
+ ู‡ู†ุง two shunt ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ two shunt ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูุฑูŠุนุชูŠู†
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:10,080
1235
+ ุชูุฑูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:10,080 --> 00:23:14,200
1239
+ glycolytic pathway ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ hexose monophosphate
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:20,110
1243
+ shunt ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง hexose monophosphate shuntุดูˆ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:20,110 --> 00:23:23,510
1247
+ ุจูŠุตุทูŠุน ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:23,510 --> 00:23:30,310
1251
+ ุชูˆู„ุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงุชุจู‚ุชุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:23:30,310 --> 00:23:33,890
1255
+ reduction ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงุชุจู‚ุชุด ุดูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุŸ ู‚ุงุนุฏู†ุง
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:23:33,890 --> 00:23:37,710
1259
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุจุฏุง ุนู† reducing agent
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:23:37,710 --> 00:23:41,910
1263
+ reducing agent ู‡ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ reduction reaction
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:23:41,910 --> 00:23:45,810
1267
+ reducing reaction ุทุจ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:23:45,810 --> 00:23:50,590
1271
+ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุงู„ู€ 1,3-diphosphate
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:23:50,590 --> 00:23:57,970
1275
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglucanane ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:23:57,970 --> 00:24:00,530
1279
+ -phosphoglucanane ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglucanane
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:24:00,530 --> 00:24:00,770
1283
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglucanane ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:24:00,770 --> 00:24:01,810
1287
+ -phosphoglucanane ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglucanane
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:01,810 --> 00:24:03,830
1291
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglucanane ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:24:03,830 --> 00:24:06,090
1295
+ -phosphoglucanane ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglucanane
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:24:06,090 --> 00:24:09,530
1299
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglucanane ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:24:09,530 --> 00:24:13,330
1303
+ -phosphoglucanane ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ 3-phosphoglucanane
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:24:13,330 --> 00:24:17,940
1307
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„3-phูƒู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:24:17,940 --> 00:24:21,360
1311
+ hemoglobin function ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ู†ุงูุณ ุฌูŠุฏ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:24:21,360 --> 00:24:28,960
1315
+ ู„ู„ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ ุจุงู„ู‡ู…oglobin ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูุน ุงู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:33,600
1319
+ hemoglobin to release ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:24:33,600 --> 00:24:39,520
1323
+ ููŠ ุงู„ affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen ุทูŠุจุŒ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:42,480
1327
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ุงู† ุนุฏุฉ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:48,960
1331
+ glucose ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ู…ุง ุชูุฑูŠุนุชูŠู†ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:54,980
1335
+ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ enzyme
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:24:54,980 --> 00:25:00,300
1339
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ enzyme ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ reaction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:25:00,300 --> 00:25:08,380
1343
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุฏุฉ ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ pathway ู…ุงุดูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:25:08,380 --> 00:25:14,340
1347
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุณุฌู„ูˆุง ุญุงู„ุงุช deficiency ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:25:14,340 --> 00:25:19,700
1351
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:25:19,700 --> 00:25:26,740
1355
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุฏูˆููŠุดู†ุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:25:26,740 --> 00:25:33,100
1359
+ ุงู„ G6PD ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูˆููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:25:33,100 --> 00:25:39,780
1363
+ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุชูุฑุนุชูŠู† ู…ุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:25:39,780 --> 00:25:45,700
1367
+ ูŠุดูƒู„ูˆุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 5% ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:25:45,700 --> 00:25:50,120
1371
+ ุงู„ main pathway ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:25:50,120 --> 00:25:55,620
1375
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุณุฌู„ุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฃุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ G6PD
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:25:55,620 --> 00:26:01,280
1379
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฌุฑ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:08,700
1383
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ defect ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:13,160
1387
+ pathway ุจู‚ู ูˆุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ defect ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:26:13,160 --> 00:26:18,510
1391
+ ู…ู…ูƒู†ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ path way ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ deficient enzyme ูˆ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:26:18,510 --> 00:26:23,130
1395
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูŠุฌู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:26:23,130 --> 00:26:30,800
1399
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† more severe than the otherุทูŠุจ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:26:30,800 --> 00:26:34,320
1403
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู€ G6PD ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ G6PD ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุชูุงุนู„ ุงุนุฑูู†ุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:26:34,320 --> 00:26:38,140
1407
+ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:26:38,140 --> 00:26:41,300
1411
+ glucose ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ glucose 6-fosfate ูˆ ุงู„ glucose 6
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:26:41,300 --> 00:26:44,060
1415
+ -fosfate ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ enzyme G6PD ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ 6
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:26:44,060 --> 00:26:48,500
1419
+ -fosfoculoconate ุดูˆูุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:26:48,500 --> 00:26:53,540
1423
+ ุฌุงู†ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ NAD BH ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ NAD BH ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:26:53,540 --> 00:26:58,910
1427
+ ุฃู†ุชุฌู†ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุงุช BHูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุจู„ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:26:58,910 --> 00:27:01,950
1431
+ reducing agent ุจูŠุนู…ู„ continuous reduction ู„ู„
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:27:01,950 --> 00:27:06,090
1435
+ oxidized glutathione ูˆ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ reduced form
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:27:06,090 --> 00:27:09,790
1439
+ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูˆู„ู‡ ู„ reduced formุŸ ุฌุงู„ ู„ุฅู† ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:27:09,790 --> 00:27:13,170
1443
+ glutathione ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎุท ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:27:13,170 --> 00:27:19,310
1447
+ hemoglobin ุฃูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏุงู†ุช ุจูŠุฎุด ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ RBC's ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:27:19,310 --> 00:27:26,360
1451
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุด ู…ุชุตุฏู‚ู„ู‡ ูุจุช ุฃูƒุณุฏ ู‡ูˆูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุฃูƒุณุงุฏ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:27:26,360 --> 00:27:29,220
1455
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒุณุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชุญูˆู„
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:27:29,220 --> 00:27:32,260
1459
+ ู„ู…ุงุช ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ is not functioning
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:27:32,260 --> 00:27:38,300
1463
+ anymore ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชุฃูƒุณุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:27:38,300 --> 00:27:43,400
1467
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ reduced form ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:48,340
1471
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ูุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด G6PD ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ู†ุชุจูŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:27:48,340 --> 00:27:51,410
1475
+ ุฃุชุดู productionุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€Oxidized
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:27:51,410 --> 00:28:00,050
1479
+ Glutathione ุณุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูƒุณูˆุฑู‹ุง ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ูƒุณูˆุฑู‹ุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:06,360
1483
+ ุฃูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฎุด ู‡ูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจู† ุฅู„ู‰
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:28:06,360 --> 00:28:09,760
1487
+ ู…ุชู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจู† ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุชู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจู†
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:28:09,760 --> 00:28:14,640
1491
+ ูุจุชุฑุณุจ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุจุทุก Soluble ูˆุจุชุดูˆูู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:18,180
1495
+ ุงู„ hands body ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ hands body ููŠ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:28:18,180 --> 00:28:22,100
1499
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ abnormal cell which
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:28:22,100 --> 00:28:24,880
1503
+ can be detected by a spleen ูˆุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:28:24,880 --> 00:28:30,020
1507
+ ูุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุด G6PD ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:28:32,740 --> 00:28:38,900
1511
+ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ุจูŠู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุทู…ู‹ุง ู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:28:38,900 --> 00:28:45,060
1515
+ ููŠู‡ ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู…ุฌ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:28:45,060 --> 00:28:51,940
1519
+ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุจุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฏู…ุฌ ู„ู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:28:51,940 --> 00:28:57,640
1523
+ ุชูˆุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฌูŠ ุณูŠูƒุณ ุจูŠ ุฏูŠ production of NADPH ูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:28:57,640 --> 00:29:02,570
1527
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ regeneration ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุซูŠูˆู†ูˆุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:29:02,570 --> 00:29:06,530
1531
+ glutathioneุŸ glutathione protect against oxidative
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:29:06,530 --> 00:29:11,470
1535
+ stress ุบูŠุงุจู‡ ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:29:11,470 --> 00:29:16,350
1539
+ oxidative stresses ุฒูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ infection ูˆ ุจุนุถ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:29:16,350 --> 00:29:23,190
1543
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ fava bean ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจู‚ู„ูŠุงุช
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:29:23,190 --> 00:29:27,950
1547
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ fava bean ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ููˆู„
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:29:29,280 --> 00:29:36,300
1551
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุชููˆู„ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุชููˆู„
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:29:36,300 --> 00:29:41,240
1555
+ ู…ุฌุงุฒุง ูŠุนู†ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ oxidative stress
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:29:41,240 --> 00:29:44,180
1559
+ ู‡ุชู‚ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ hands body formation ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:29:44,180 --> 00:29:48,260
1563
+ extravascular hemolysis ุทุจูŠุนู‰ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:29:48,260 --> 00:29:51,240
1567
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ hemoglobin ุจุชุฃูƒุณุจ ูˆ ุจุชุฑุณุจ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:56,090
1571
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ hands bodyูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญูˆู„
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:29:56,090 --> 00:29:59,490
1575
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบู„ูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุณุจู„ูŠู†
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:29:59,490 --> 00:30:04,110
1579
+ ูˆุจูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง extra vasculary ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:30:04,110 --> 00:30:09,910
1583
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ู…ุญุชุฑู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ BH ุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุงุฏ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:30:09,910 --> 00:30:14,310
1587
+ D ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ oxidized glutathione ู„ ุงู„
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:30:14,310 --> 00:30:19,750
1591
+ reduced ูˆ ุงู„ reduced ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏุงู†ุช ูˆู‡ูˆ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:30:19,750 --> 00:30:24,090
1595
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุจุฑูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:30:24,090 --> 00:30:33,550
1599
+ ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ Oxidative agents Geographical
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:30:33,550 --> 00:30:38,810
1603
+ distribution ุฌุนู„ู‡ G6PD ุณุฌู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:30:38,810 --> 00:30:41,470
1607
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุฌู„ ููŠู‡ุง Western and Central Africa
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:30:41,470 --> 00:30:46,310
1611
+ ุงู„ Mediterranean region ูˆ ุงู„ Middle East ูˆ South
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:30:46,310 --> 00:30:53,200
1615
+ East Asiaุฑู…ุฒ ู„ู„ู€ G6PD ุงู†ุฒูŠู† ุจู€ GDP ูŠุนู†ูŠ designated
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:30:53,200 --> 00:31:02,320
1619
+ as GDP type 99% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ white people ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:31:02,320 --> 00:31:11,960
1623
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู„ูƒู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:16,080
1627
+ Mediterranean type ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุงุช ุงู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:21,910
1631
+ Mediterraneanู„ูƒู† ู…ุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู† ุงู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:31:21,910 --> 00:31:30,530
1635
+ prevalence is low ูŠุจุฌู‰ ุงู„ GDP type ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ 99% ู…ู†
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:31:30,530 --> 00:31:36,490
1639
+ ุงู„ population of white ูˆ ุงู„ Mediterranean ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:31:36,490 --> 00:31:42,710
1643
+ ุงู„ white ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฎุทุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน GDP ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู…
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:31:42,710 --> 00:31:49,140
1647
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ prevalenceููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุนูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Central
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:31:49,140 --> 00:31:54,420
1651
+ Africa ูˆุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:31:54,420 --> 00:32:00,600
1655
+ GDA ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูุฑุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ GDP ุจู€ Single
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:32:00,600 --> 00:32:04,240
1659
+ Amino Acid Substitution ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Amino Acid
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:08,780
1663
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ ุบูŠุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Electrophoretic Mobility ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:32:08,780 --> 00:32:13,820
1667
+ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฎุชู„ูุจุดูƒู„
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:32:13,820 --> 00:32:22,120
1671
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 20% ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ American Black Men ุทุจุนุง
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:32:22,120 --> 00:32:26,160
1675
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูุฑุฎ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูˆุญูƒู†ุงู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:32:26,160 --> 00:32:31,260
1679
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:32:31,260 --> 00:32:36,260
1683
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจูŠุฏู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจู‚ุงู‡ุง 120 ูŠูˆู… ูู‡ูˆ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:32:36,260 --> 00:32:40,680
1687
+ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุจุชุนูŠุด 120 ูŠูˆู… ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆ still it
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:32:40,680 --> 00:32:45,150
1691
+ can live more ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:32:45,150 --> 00:32:50,170
1695
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ black people ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:32:50,170 --> 00:32:55,170
1699
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุฃู‚ู„ severity ู„ูƒู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:32:55,170 --> 00:33:02,510
1703
+ ุจุชุนูŠุด ููŠ 80 ูŠูˆู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 40
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:33:02,510 --> 00:33:08,550
1707
+ ูŠูˆู… ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุนูŠุด 120 ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ more severe
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:33:08,550 --> 00:33:12,130
1711
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ Mediterranean ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ GDP
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:33:12,130 --> 00:33:16,510
1715
+ typeูˆุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ู„ุง ุชุนูŠุด ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:33:16,510 --> 00:33:22,050
1719
+ ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ very severe.Mode of inheritance ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:33:22,050 --> 00:33:25,370
1723
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† G6PD ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X-Chromosome ููŠ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:33:25,370 --> 00:33:31,350
1727
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ XQTR ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:33:31,350 --> 00:33:38,440
1731
+ ุจุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ factor 8.ุงู„ู€ Disorder ุจู…ุง
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:33:38,440 --> 00:33:44,260
1735
+ ุงู†ู‡ X-linked ูŠุจู‚ู‰ it's manifested ููŠ ุงู„ male
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:33:44,260 --> 00:33:50,040
1739
+ expressed ููŠ ุงู„ male ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Hemizygote ูˆ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:33:50,040 --> 00:33:55,780
1743
+ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ mutated X-chromosome ุจู†ูŠุชู‡ ุงู„
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:33:55,780 --> 00:34:01,920
1747
+ male is patient ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ female ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง 2 X
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:34:01,920 --> 00:34:04,360
1751
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† heterozygous ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:34:04,360 --> 00:34:09,600
1755
+ homozygousูˆ ุงู„ homozygous ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู†ุต ุงู„ RBC's
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:34:09,600 --> 00:34:15,450
1759
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุดุงุจู‡Pathophysiology ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:34:15,450 --> 00:34:18,950
1763
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ OxidantุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Damage ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ู€
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:34:18,950 --> 00:34:23,070
1767
+ Hemoglobin ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Hands Body Formation ูˆุฅู…ุง
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:34:23,070 --> 00:34:27,050
1771
+ ุงู„ู€ Stretzel Membrane ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† Strong Oxidant
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:34:27,050 --> 00:34:32,230
1775
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุญ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:34:32,230 --> 00:34:37,230
1779
+ Hemolysis ููŠ ุงู„ู€ G6PD ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Extra-VascularูŠ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:34:37,230 --> 00:34:42,720
1783
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุชูƒูˆู†ุชุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ hands body ู…ุชุนุฑูุฉ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:34:42,720 --> 00:34:47,940
1787
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุจู„ูŠู† ู…ุน graphioesbelin ุฃูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ oxidant
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:34:47,940 --> 00:34:51,520
1791
+ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ red cell membrane
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:34:51,520 --> 00:35:01,020
1795
+ damage ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ intravascular hemorrhage ูุญูˆุตุงุช
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:35:02,570 --> 00:35:06,770
1799
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุฎุต G6PD ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:35:06,770 --> 00:35:11,550
1803
+ elevated ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุจู† level ุงู„ haptoglobin ุจูŠูƒูˆู† very
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:35:11,550 --> 00:35:20,830
1807
+ low ู‡ู‰ ู…ุบู„ูˆุจ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ reticulocyte ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:35:20,830 --> 00:35:26,770
1811
+ RBCs countู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู†ูˆ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ body ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:35:26,770 --> 00:35:32,010
1815
+ ุงู„ peripheral blood ุฅุฐุง ุณุจู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ุจ ู…ุชุฑูŠู†ูŠ blue ูˆ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:35:32,010 --> 00:35:36,790
1819
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ met hemoglobin reduction test
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:35:36,790 --> 00:35:40,210
1823
+ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูˆู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1824
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/KE_VwFuQz28_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,870 --> 00:00:07,570
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,570 --> 00:00:12,030
7
+ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,030 --> 00:00:18,130
11
+ ุงู„ุตุงุฏู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุญุจูƒู… ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:18,130 --> 00:00:25,310
15
+ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุฏุนูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุตู„ู‡ ุณุนุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุงุญุฉ ู„ู†ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:25,310 --> 00:00:30,730
19
+ ูˆู„ูƒู… ูˆุฃู† ูŠุฒูŠุญ ุฑุจู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบู…ุนู†ุฉ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:36,780 --> 00:00:40,520
23
+ ู…ุณุงู‚ู†ุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู… ุฏู… ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:43,080 --> 00:00:49,080
27
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุงู‚ ูƒุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ุงุช ูˆ ุงุชุจุงุนุง ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:56,240
31
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ูุตู„ูŠู† ุงูˆ ู†ุตููŠู† ู†ุตู ุงู„ุงูˆู„
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:56,240 --> 00:01:04,200
35
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู†ุตููŠ ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุณู†ุงุฎุฐ ุจู‡ูŠ quizูŠู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:15,980
39
+ ูˆุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู†ุตููŠ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ modelุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:15,980 --> 00:01:20,800
43
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:31,210
47
+ ู…ุณุงู‚ู†ุง ุจูŠุดุฑุญ ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:31,210 --> 00:01:36,630
51
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ blood elements ูˆู‡ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:36,630 --> 00:01:42,350
55
+ ุงู„ RBCs ูˆ ุงู„ white BCs ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‚ุงุก
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:42,350 --> 00:01:49,890
59
+ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ูุตู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุตูุงุฆุญ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุฃู…ุง ููŠู…ุง
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:49,890 --> 00:01:57,630
63
+ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ white BCs ูˆ ุงู„ RBCs ูุณู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ RBCs
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:57,630 --> 00:02:02,640
67
+ functionand disorders ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ disorders ุงู„ู„ูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:02,640 --> 00:02:08,600
71
+ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ RBCs ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:08,600 --> 00:02:14,340
75
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ white pcs ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:14,340 --> 00:02:17,320
79
+ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฌู†ุงู†ุณูŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:19,420 --> 00:02:24,320
83
+ ุงู„ู€ white pieces ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุตุงู‚ ุณูŠูƒูˆู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:33,640
87
+ ูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุดู‚ูŠู† ุดู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ RPCs and
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:33,640 --> 00:02:37,760
91
+ disorders function and disorders ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:42,700
95
+ ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ white pieces and its disorders
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:42,700 --> 00:02:45,880
99
+ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:45,880 --> 00:02:46,820
103
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:49,650 --> 00:02:57,410
107
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ normal
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:57,410 --> 00:03:00,570
111
+ hematopoiesis
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:00,570 --> 00:03:12,050
115
+ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุทุจุนุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:12,050 --> 00:03:14,670
119
+ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:16,860 --> 00:03:22,780
123
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ู‡ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:22,780 --> 00:03:29,860
127
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุนู…ุฑ ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:29,860 --> 00:03:34,360
131
+ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:41,420
135
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ุง ุชุชุฌุฏุฏ ู„ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:41,420 --> 00:03:47,190
139
+ ุจุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุงู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:47,190 --> 00:03:54,090
143
+ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุชุฌุฏุฏ ูˆุชุชุตู†ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆู… ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:54,090 --> 00:04:01,090
147
+ ู…ุตู†ุน ุณู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ ูˆุงู…ุงูƒู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:01,090 --> 00:04:06,550
151
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุงู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนู„ู‰
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:06,550 --> 00:04:14,590
155
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ RBC ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒู…ู† 800 ู„120 ูŠูˆู…ู…ุนุงู…ู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:14,590 --> 00:04:19,630
159
+ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง ูˆู…ุนุฏู„ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง 2 ููŠ 10 ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ 11 ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:19,630 --> 00:04:27,210
163
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ second 2 ุฃูˆ 3 ู…ู† 10 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:27,210 --> 00:04:35,990
167
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุชุตู†ุน ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุนูˆุงุฑู 7 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฃูˆ 3 ู…ู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:35,990 --> 00:04:43,590
171
+ 10 ู…ู† ุงู„ RBC ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ุง ุชู…ูˆุช
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:43,590 --> 00:04:55,210
175
+ ุณู†ุฒูŠุฏ 7.3 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ูˆุฒู†ุงู‹ ุณู†ูˆูŠู‹ุง ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ RBCs
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:55,210 --> 00:05:01,710
179
+ ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุนู…ุฑ ุฒู…ู† ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชู…ูˆุช ูˆุชุชุฌุฏุฏ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:05:05,620 --> 00:05:10,220
183
+ ู…ุฌุฏุฏ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:05:10,220 --> 00:05:16,480
187
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃู…ุฑู‡ุง ุฒู…ุงู†ูŠ 6 ุณุงุนุงุช ูˆู…ุนุฏู„ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง 3ร—10ยน10
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:16,480 --> 00:05:23,440
191
+ ุจู…ุง ูŠุนุงุฏู„ 350 ุฃู„ู ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:23,440 --> 00:05:29,900
195
+ ูˆุฒู†ูŠุฉ 10 ุฃูˆ 9 ู…ู† 10 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:29,900 --> 00:05:38,730
199
+ platelet ูƒุฐู„ูƒlife span ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… ูˆู…ุนุงู…ู„ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:38,730 --> 00:05:44,090
203
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุนุงุฏู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:44,090 --> 00:05:52,470
207
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุตููŠุญุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฒู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:52,470 --> 00:05:56,930
211
+ ูˆุณุชุฉ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ kilogram lymphocyte ุงู„ half-life
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:56,930 --> 00:06:00,630
215
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุนุดุฑ ุฃูŠุงู… plus ูˆ minus ุทุจุนุง ุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:06:00,630 --> 00:06:07,420
219
+ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉู…ุนุงู…ู„ ุงูˆ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง 1 ููŠ 10 ู‡ูˆ 10 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:06:07,420 --> 00:06:14,860
223
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจู…ุนุฏู„ 116000 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฒู†ูŠุฉ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:06:14,860 --> 00:06:22,440
227
+ 3.7 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนู†ุง ู…ุนุฏู„ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูู‚ุท ู…ู†
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:06:22,440 --> 00:06:27,980
231
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ 26.5 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… ุณู†ูˆูŠ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:27,980 --> 00:06:33,320
235
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ุง ุชู…ูˆุชูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:33,320 --> 00:06:40,460
239
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฒุงูŠุฏ ู…ุงุฆุชูŠู† ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ูู‚ุท
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:40,460 --> 00:06:50,440
243
+ ู…ู† ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:50,440 --> 00:06:56,260
247
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู†ุธุงู…
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:58,730 --> 00:07:03,050
251
+ ูŠุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุชุฌุฏุฏู‡ุง ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุจู…ุง ูŠุถู…ู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:07:03,050 --> 00:07:11,430
255
+ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู„ู‚ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:07:11,430 --> 00:07:14,450
259
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:07:14,450 --> 00:07:20,110
263
+ ุงู† our body is in a continuous dynamic and a very
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:07:20,110 --> 00:07:23,780
267
+ rapid turnover to be able to liveูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:23,780 --> 00:07:30,400
271
+ continuous dynamic ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ ูˆ very rapid cell
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:30,400 --> 00:07:37,320
275
+ turnover ูˆู…ูˆุช ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ุชุฌุฏุฏู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชู… ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:37,320 --> 00:07:42,820
279
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูƒู… ุจุชุชู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:42,820 --> 00:07:47,600
283
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง stem cell
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:50,410 --> 00:07:53,130
287
+ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง stem cell
288
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/KE_VwFuQz28_raw.json ADDED
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
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:03,190 --> 00:00:09,150
3
+ ุจุงุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุณุงุจู‚ ูˆุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:09,150 --> 00:00:13,510
7
+ hemopoiesis ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ development and production of
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,510 --> 00:00:19,450
11
+ cells ุจุชุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ุชุทูˆุฑ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:19,450 --> 00:00:24,710
15
+ ูˆู†ุฏูˆุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุชู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:24,710 --> 00:00:29,810
19
+ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:29,810 --> 00:00:35,910
23
+ ุงู„ stem cellูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hemopoietic
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:35,910 --> 00:00:38,910
27
+ micro environment ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ growth factor
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:38,910 --> 00:00:44,110
31
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ุจุชุดุจู‡ ุฃูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,110 --> 00:00:49,430
35
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุดุจู‡ู‡ุง ุจุจู†ุงุก ู…ุณุฌุฏ ุงูˆ ุจู†ุงุก ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุนุดุงู† ุชุจู†ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:49,430 --> 00:00:54,770
39
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุจุฏูƒ ุชู„ุช ุดุบู„ุงุช ุจุฏูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:54,770 --> 00:01:01,350
43
+ ุซู… ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุซู… ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุจู†ูˆุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:02,150 --> 00:01:05,370
47
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจู†ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุชู…ุซู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:05,370 --> 00:01:11,550
51
+ hemopoietic micro environment ุซู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:11,550 --> 00:01:15,710
55
+ ู…ุชู…ุซู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ stem cell ุซู… ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู… ุงู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:15,710 --> 00:01:20,770
59
+ hemopoietic growth factor ูˆุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ stem cell
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:20,770 --> 00:01:26,730
63
+ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุจู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ูˆูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:26,730 --> 00:01:31,290
67
+ hemopoietic micro environment ุงู„ stem cell
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:58,600 --> 00:02:04,030
71
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏุญูƒูŠู†ุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:04,030 --> 00:02:06,390
75
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ูˆูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ hemipotic
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:06,390 --> 00:02:11,490
79
+ microenvironment ูˆุฌูˆู†ุง ู„ุงุณุชู…ุซู„ ู„ุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ุถุฌ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:11,490 --> 00:02:15,310
83
+ ุฅู„ุง ููŠ special microenvironment ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:15,310 --> 00:02:23,830
87
+ environment ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุงู„ุขุชู‰ุŸ ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:23,830 --> 00:02:31,530
91
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง stromal matrix area
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:32,570 --> 00:02:37,930
95
+ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:37,930 --> 00:02:42,830
99
+ ุงู„ growth factors ูˆ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฏุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:42,830 --> 00:02:47,370
103
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุงู†ุฏุฌ ุจ growth factor ูˆ ุจ nutrient ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุทูˆุฑ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:47,370 --> 00:02:54,470
107
+ ู†ู…ุฑุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฏุฌุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:54,470 --> 00:02:59,550
111
+ receptorsูˆ ุงู„ู€ stromal cell ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ stromal matrix
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:59,550 --> 00:03:03,430
115
+ ุงูˆ area ุงูˆ ุงู„ู€ stromal cell ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุจุทู† ุฌุฏุงุฑ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:03,430 --> 00:03:08,170
119
+ ุงู„ bone marrow ุงูŠุถุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง receptors ู…ุง ูŠุฑุจุท
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:08,170 --> 00:03:15,670
123
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุงุถุฌุฉ ุจุงู„stromal cell ู‡ูˆ certain
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:15,670 --> 00:03:21,650
127
+ receptors ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† proteinุŒ glycineุŒ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:21,650 --> 00:03:25,960
131
+ moleculeุฃูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ stromal cells ุฒูŠ ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:25,960 --> 00:03:29,660
135
+ macrofage ูˆ ุงู„ fibroblast ูˆ ุงู„ fat cells ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:29,660 --> 00:03:34,660
139
+ ู‡ุดูˆู ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ there is
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:34,660 --> 00:03:38,820
143
+ niches lineage specific region ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง niches
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:38,820 --> 00:03:46,500
147
+ ุงุญุดุงุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ bone marrow
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:46,500 --> 00:03:53,350
151
+ ุงูˆ ุงู…ุงูƒู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู‡ูŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:53,350 --> 00:03:58,050
155
+ ุนุดุงุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุชุชู…ุฑูƒุฒ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ stem
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:58,050 --> 00:04:03,390
159
+ cell ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ stem cell ุจุชุถู„ ุชู…ุดูŠ ุชู…ุดูŠ ุชู…ุดูŠ ู…ู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:03,390 --> 00:04:06,830
163
+ ุงู„ blood stream ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ู„ู„ุนุด ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:06,830 --> 00:04:18,530
167
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุฏูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ nices ููŠู‡ุง micro environment
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:18,530 --> 00:04:25,700
171
+ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑand differentiation of proliferative
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:25,700 --> 00:04:32,860
175
+ cell ุซู… ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:32,860 --> 00:04:40,240
179
+ -apoptosis ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดุจู‡ูˆ ุจุฎุตุงุฆุต malignant cell
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:40,240 --> 00:04:44,180
183
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ myeloid leukemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:47,970 --> 00:04:53,950
187
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง prevention ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„-apoptosis ุขุฎุฑ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:53,950 --> 00:04:57,390
191
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ micro environment ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:57,390 --> 00:05:03,550
195
+ -cynosoids ูุชุญุงุช ููŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ bone marrow ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:03,550 --> 00:05:09,790
199
+ ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช ู…ุจุทู†ุฉ ุจ epithelial cells ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:09,790 --> 00:05:16,550
203
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ and regulate
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:16,550 --> 00:05:17,490
207
+ growth factors
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:24,490 --> 00:05:34,110
211
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชูˆุฏู‘ู‡ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ stromal cell ูˆ ุงู„
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:34,110 --> 00:05:39,290
215
+ hemobiotic cells ูˆ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูƒู„ ู…ู† ู‡ู…ุง ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุฑ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:39,290 --> 00:05:43,410
219
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stem cell ุจุชู…ุซู„ ูƒู„ progenitor or immature
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:43,410 --> 00:05:47,810
223
+ cell ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stromal cell stromal cell ู‡ูŠ ุฃุจุฏุง ุนู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:47,810 --> 00:05:52,090
227
+ fat cell, fibroblast, macrophage, T cellูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:52,090 --> 00:05:58,330
231
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฌุงุนุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ endothelial cells ู…ุงุดูŠ ุซู… ููŠ ุชุฑุงุจุท
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:58,330 --> 00:06:01,990
235
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ immature cell ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:01,990 --> 00:06:06,310
239
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ immature cell ุจุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูˆ ุจุงู„ growth
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:06,310 --> 00:06:10,990
243
+ factor nutrient and growth factors ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:10,990 --> 00:06:16,210
247
+ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ immature ุจุชุฏู„ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:16,210 --> 00:06:21,530
251
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุญู„ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุชู† ูˆ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:21,530 --> 00:06:25,270
255
+ ุชุฑุชู‚ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ูุชุญุงุช ุงู„ bone
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:25,270 --> 00:06:30,810
259
+ marrow ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฎุฑูˆุฌู‡ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:30,810 --> 00:06:35,710
263
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ peripheral blood ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:35,710 --> 00:06:39,390
267
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ stromathelm ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃู†ุฏุซ ู„ู„ cell fat
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:39,390 --> 00:06:46,330
271
+ cell fibroblastLymphocytes and macrophages ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:46,330 --> 00:06:51,010
275
+ ุงู„ hemopoietic macro environment ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ููŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:51,010 --> 00:06:53,490
279
+ ุงู„ hemopoiesis ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hemopoietic growth factors
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:53,490 --> 00:06:57,110
283
+ and these are glycoprotein substance or hormones
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:57,110 --> 00:07:00,630
287
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ they act as hormone that regulate
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:00,630 --> 00:07:04,050
291
+ proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:04,050 --> 00:07:08,290
295
+ progenitor cell and even can regulate the function
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:08,290 --> 00:07:12,030
299
+ of mature cellsู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุงุŸ ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€T
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:12,030 --> 00:07:15,570
303
+ lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, stromal cell
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:15,570 --> 00:07:22,030
307
+ and the major growth factors .. major social
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:22,030 --> 00:07:25,830
311
+ growth factors are these cells ุจุนุฏ that two
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:25,830 --> 00:07:29,330
315
+ hormone or two growth factors ุงู„ุฃุฑูŠุชุฑูˆุจูŠูˆุชูŠู† ุจูŠุทู„ุน
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:29,330 --> 00:07:34,130
319
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ู† ุงู„ kidney ูˆ ุงู„ thrombopoietin ุชุจุน ุงู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:34,130 --> 00:07:40,720
323
+ platelet ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ liverูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ู‰ ุตูุงุชู‡ู… they
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:45,060
327
+ regulate growth and differentiation ุดูˆ ุตูุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:45,060 --> 00:07:49,220
331
+ icoprotein with clinical utility ุตูุงุช ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ and
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:49,220 --> 00:07:52,300
335
+ with clinical specificity or different specificity
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:52,300 --> 00:07:55,720
339
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ and with different origin ุดูู†ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:55,720 --> 00:07:59,260
343
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† and usually bind to
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:59,260 --> 00:08:02,800
347
+ cognate receptor ุจุฑุชุจุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุฑุณุจุชุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆูŠู†
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:07,460
351
+ ุนู„ูŠุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุงุชุฑ cell and they actlocally or at
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:07,460 --> 00:08:10,820
355
+ distance ุฒูŠ ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุญ ุฃูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:10,820 --> 00:08:14,600
359
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุงุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„regulated
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:14,600 --> 00:08:17,620
363
+ proliferation differentiation usually ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:17,620 --> 00:08:22,600
367
+ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ู… ุงู†ู‡ they prevent apoptosis ูˆ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:22,600 --> 00:08:26,860
371
+ enhance the function of some end stage ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:26,860 --> 00:08:30,700
375
+ they can also regulate the function of mature stem
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:30,700 --> 00:08:36,160
379
+ of mature cell ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ GMCSF
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:41,720
383
+ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุง ู„granulocyte, monocyteColony Stimulating
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:41,720 --> 00:08:45,560
387
+ Factor ู…ู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Function of
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:45,560 --> 00:08:52,880
391
+ Polymorphic Nuclear Cells ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:56,120
395
+ ุนู„ู‰ Hemopoietic Growth Factor ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ GMCSF ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:56,120 --> 00:09:00,320
399
+ Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:01,500 --> 00:09:06,040
403
+ And macrophage colon stimulating factor ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู…
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:06,040 --> 00:09:09,720
407
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุดุชู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ macrophage ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:09,720 --> 00:09:12,440
411
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุดุชู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ granulocyte ูˆ ุงู„ macrophage ุงู„
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:12,440 --> 00:09:15,980
415
+ atheropoietin ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ stimulating hormone
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:15,980 --> 00:09:22,950
419
+ RBC stimulating hormone ุซู… any other factorู…ุซู„ ุขุฎุฑ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:22,950 --> 00:09:26,570
423
+ ุงู„ุชุฑู…ุจูˆุจูŠุชูŠู† ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ stimulation of
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:26,570 --> 00:09:30,870
427
+ megakaryopoiesis ุงู„ megakaryopoiesis ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:30,870 --> 00:09:36,310
431
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ platelet ุงูˆ ุงู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:36,310 --> 00:09:42,130
435
+ megakaryocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ plateletุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:42,130 --> 00:09:44,350
439
+ ู„ู€ growth factor ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู†ู‡ู… colony
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:44,350 --> 00:09:48,810
443
+ stimulating factor ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง they can be named by
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:48,810 --> 00:09:51,870
447
+ interleukins of certain cytokines ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:51,870 --> 00:09:54,950
451
+ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ hemopoiesis ูˆุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:54,950 --> 00:10:01,430
455
+ interleukin 1,3,5,4,5,6 ูˆู‡ุง ูƒุฐุง ูˆููŠ inhibitory
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:01,430 --> 00:10:03,890
459
+ growth factor ุฒูŠ ุงู„ transforming growth factor
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:03,890 --> 00:10:08,070
463
+ beta ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠู„ุนุจ stimulating ูˆููŠ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:08,070 --> 00:10:11,730
467
+ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠู„ุนุจ inhibitionูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ stem cell factor ุจู„ุนุจ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:11,730 --> 00:10:20,170
471
+ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ very immature stem cell ุฏูˆุฑู‡ู…
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:20,170 --> 00:10:25,410
475
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ hemopoietic tree ุงู„ู„ูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:25,410 --> 00:10:30,550
479
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ pluripotent stem cell ุชุฏูŠู†ุง colony forming
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:30,550 --> 00:10:38,670
483
+ unit GEMM ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ granulocyte erythroid macrophage
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:44,560 --> 00:10:49,590
487
+ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:49,590 --> 00:10:52,230
491
+ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:52,230 --> 00:10:57,150
495
+ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:57,150 --> 00:11:05,650
499
+ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:05,650 --> 00:11:08,410
503
+ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:08,410 --> 00:11:13,190
507
+ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:13,190 --> 00:11:14,810
511
+ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:14,810 --> 00:11:17,850
515
+ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงูˆcertain
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:17,850 --> 00:11:23,330
519
+ growth factor ูˆุฅู† ูƒู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:23,330 --> 00:11:28,210
523
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ growth factor ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุชู… ูˆุฅู† ุบูŠุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:28,210 --> 00:11:32,850
527
+ growth factor ู„ุง ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:32,850 --> 00:11:39,870
531
+ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ู†ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุชู‚ู ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:39,870 --> 00:11:45,250
535
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ hemipedic cytokineูˆุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‰
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:45,250 --> 00:11:50,190
539
+ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ู…ุทุงู„ุจูŠู† ุจุญูุธ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู„ูƒู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:50,190 --> 00:11:54,410
543
+ ููŠู‡ ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒูˆุง GM CSF ู‡ุชุนุฑููˆุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:54,410 --> 00:11:57,390
547
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ granulocyte ู…ุง ุฃุฌุฑููŠุด ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:57,390 --> 00:12:01,630
551
+ ู„ูƒูˆุง GCSF ู…ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ granulocyte ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:01,630 --> 00:12:05,610
555
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุชุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:05,610 --> 00:12:10,290
559
+ growth factor ู…ุนูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆ interleukin ุนุดุงู†
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:10,290 --> 00:12:17,430
563
+ ูŠู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุทูŠุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ order of
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:17,430 --> 00:12:21,150
567
+ blood cell formation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:21,150 --> 00:12:26,790
571
+ ุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง orderly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ stem cell ุฃูˆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:26,790 --> 00:12:30,930
575
+ blood cell formationุŸ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stem
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:30,930 --> 00:12:34,950
579
+ cell ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู„ูƒู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:34,950 --> 00:12:35,430
583
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:38,090 --> 00:12:41,730
587
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Progenitor Cell ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู†
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:41,730 --> 00:12:46,130
591
+ Multipotential ุฃูˆ Bipotential ุฃูˆ Unipotential ุทุจุนุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:46,130 --> 00:12:51,970
595
+ ุฃุนุฑููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ Multi ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ two line
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:51,970 --> 00:12:58,690
599
+ ุงูˆ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ one line and ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:58,690 --> 00:13:02,570
603
+ precursor cells ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:03,770 --> 00:13:09,870
607
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง recognizable cell ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:09,870 --> 00:13:14,570
611
+ ุนู† precursor ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง maturing
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:14,570 --> 00:13:20,390
615
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ in process of maturation ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:20,390 --> 00:13:25,540
619
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุงRecognizable cell ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุนุทูŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:25,540 --> 00:13:30,360
623
+ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชุตู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:30,360 --> 00:13:35,180
627
+ ู†ุถูˆุฌู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ mature form ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:35,180 --> 00:13:42,270
631
+ terminally differentiated cells maturing cellsูˆู‡ุฐุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:42,270 --> 00:13:47,710
635
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูŠู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ Stoma Cell ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:47,710 --> 00:13:50,970
639
+ Stem Cell ู…ุชูุงุนู„ุฉ ู…ุน Stoma Cell ุตุงุฑู„ู‡ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:50,970 --> 00:13:56,350
643
+ differentiation ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุงุชุฑ Cell ู„ุณุงุชู†ุง ู…ุง
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:56,350 --> 00:14:01,150
647
+ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง by cultural media
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:01,150 --> 00:14:06,190
651
+ ุซู… ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ precursor cell ูˆุนุจุงุฑุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:06,190 --> 00:14:11,150
655
+ ุนู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉู…ุงุดู‰ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:11,150 --> 00:14:15,070
659
+ mature form ุงูˆ recognizable form ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏ ุฏุงุฑู‰ ุชุตู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:15,070 --> 00:14:19,650
663
+ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ mature form ูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ figure ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:19,650 --> 00:14:24,330
667
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ุง ุงู† ูู‰ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:24,330 --> 00:14:31,310
671
+ self renewal ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจูŠู‚ู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:31,310 --> 00:14:34,190
675
+ ุตุงุฑุช ู†ุงุฏุฌุฉ ุจูŠู‚ู„
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:36,470 --> 00:14:40,210
679
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ differentiation ุจุช .. ูˆ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:40,210 --> 00:14:45,110
683
+ ุดูˆูŠ ุดูˆูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ ูˆ ุงู„ self renewal process ุจุชุดูˆูŠ ุดูˆูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:45,110 --> 00:14:50,670
687
+ ุจุชู‚ู„ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ู„ ุงู„ match ูˆ ุงู„ four ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนูƒุณ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:54,470 --> 00:14:57,470
691
+ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุตูุงุช ุงู„ stem cellุŸ ุฌุงู„ุณ ุงู„ stem cell ู‡ูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:57,470 --> 00:15:00,990
695
+ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู† undifferentiated cell ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:00,990 --> 00:15:03,190
699
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง that give rise to all the bone marrow cell
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:03,190 --> 00:15:06,450
703
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:06,450 --> 00:15:10,010
707
+ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ูู‚ุท point five percent of all marrow cell
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:10,010 --> 00:15:15,810
711
+ marrow nucleated cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:15,810 --> 00:15:20,400
715
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŸุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ it's multi-potential
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:24,560
719
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุชู„ู‚ุงุด ุงู„ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:24,560 --> 00:15:28,600
723
+ pluripotent stem cell and high self-renewal ููŠ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:32,680
727
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ self-renewal ุนุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุนุฏ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:32,680 --> 00:15:37,500
731
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ daughter stem cell that are exact replicates
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:37,500 --> 00:15:43,920
735
+ of the parent ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู†ูุณูŠุงุด ุงู„ parent cell ูˆ it's
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:46,990
739
+ not morphologically distinguishableุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:46,990 --> 00:15:55,090
743
+ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ูˆ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 95% ู…ู† ุงู„ stem cell are out
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:55,090 --> 00:15:59,250
747
+ of cell cycle ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:59,250 --> 00:16:05,970
751
+ ุชุดุบูŠู„ ู‡ูˆ 5% ู…ู† ุงู„ 0.5% ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:05,970 --> 00:16:15,050
755
+ 95% ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ in G node mode phase ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:15,050 --> 00:16:21,770
759
+ ู‡ูˆQuiescent phase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุงูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุงู„ุดุบุงู„ ู…ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:21,770 --> 00:16:27,490
763
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ูˆ ูู‚ุท 5% ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุบุงู„ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุนู…ุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:27,490 --> 00:16:32,390
767
+ ู…ู† ู†ุนู… ุงู„ุฎุงู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒุงู… ู‡ุงุฆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:32,390 --> 00:16:37,270
771
+ reserves ุชู…ุซู„ ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:37,270 --> 00:16:43,430
775
+ continuous self renewal ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ู‡ุงุฌูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:43,430 --> 00:16:47,800
779
+ ุณุทุญู‡ุงู…ุง .. ูƒูŠู ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:47,800 --> 00:16:52,840
783
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ cell surface marker ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:52,840 --> 00:16:56,760
787
+ ุณุทุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ู…ุชู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุจ CD
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:56,760 --> 00:17:02,840
791
+ 34 positive 38 negative and lineage negative ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:02,840 --> 00:17:07,780
795
+ ู„ุณุงุชู†ุง ู…ุด ู…ุญุฏุฏูŠู† ุฎุงุทุตูŠุฑู‡ุง and HLADR
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:17,630 --> 00:17:22,910
799
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุณ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ CD ูŠุนู†ูŠ cluster of
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:22,910 --> 00:17:30,170
803
+ differentiation ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู…ุงุดูŠ cluster
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:30,170 --> 00:17:33,610
807
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ differentiation ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:33,610 --> 00:17:37,790
811
+ differentiation CD ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู„ูŠุด cluster of
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:37,790 --> 00:17:43,110
815
+ differentiation ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ุฏุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:43,110 --> 00:17:47,270
819
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ one marker ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:47,270 --> 00:17:50,610
823
+ ุงุนุทูˆู‡ ุฑู‚ู… 34 ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:55,190 --> 00:17:59,190
827
+ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ุงู„ูŠู‡ุงุด ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:59,190 --> 00:18:03,610
831
+ lineage negative ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงุญุฏุฏ ููŠ ุฎุท ุณูŠุฑู‡ุง ูˆ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:03,610 --> 00:18:07,830
835
+ ุงู„ HLA ู‡ูˆ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู„ human leukocyte antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:07,830 --> 00:18:11,890
839
+ ู†ูˆุน DR ู…ุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:11,890 --> 00:18:17,530
843
+ ุงู„ RH ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ progenitor cell ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:17,530 --> 00:18:20,690
847
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ stem cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ progenitor cell
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:20,690 --> 00:18:26,500
851
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† differentiatedCell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุช ูŠุณุชุบู„ู‡ุง
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:26,500 --> 00:18:30,720
855
+ differentiation ูˆ ุจุฏุช ุชู‚ู„ู„ self renewal ability
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:30,720 --> 00:18:35,360
859
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง it's multimotential ูˆ ุดูˆูŠ ุดูˆูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:35,360 --> 00:18:39,960
863
+ unilinear or committed committed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุชุฒู… ุจุฎุท
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:47,160
867
+ cell ุจุฎุท ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง commitment
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:47,160 --> 00:18:48,340
871
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู„ุชุฒู…ุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:52,140 --> 00:18:57,080
875
+ ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Sabrogenator ุจุชุดูƒู„ 3
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:57,080 --> 00:19:00,720
879
+ % ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Total Nucleated Hemopoietic Cell ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู†
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:00,720 --> 00:19:05,860
883
+ ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 3% ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ stem cell ู†ุตู ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:05,860 --> 00:19:14,760
887
+ ุจุฏุช ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช 3% ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ stem cell ุทูŠุจ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:14,760 --> 00:19:18,020
891
+ ุงู„
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:18,020 --> 00:19:18,360
895
+ ..
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:27,410 --> 00:19:31,290
899
+ It forms colonies of cell in semi-solid media ูŠุนู†ูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:31,290 --> 00:19:36,730
903
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง in vitro ููŠ culture media
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:36,730 --> 00:19:41,030
907
+ ูˆุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ colony forming unit ูู‚ุท colonies
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:42,550 --> 00:19:46,210
911
+ ู…ุง ุจู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุง ุจู†ุชูŠู‡ุงุด ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:46,210 --> 00:19:51,470
915
+ ุจุนุถุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:51,470 --> 00:19:55,850
919
+ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ CFU ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ uniform unit GEMM
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:55,850 --> 00:19:58,130
923
+ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู†ุง ุฑุณุงุนุช
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:58,130 --> 00:20:03,010
927
+ Erythrocytic Monocytic Megakaryocytic Series
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:06,860 --> 00:20:09,160
931
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ survival and differentiation of the
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:09,160 --> 00:20:12,700
935
+ progenitor cell is influenced by a certain growth
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:12,700 --> 00:20:19,220
939
+ factor ูˆ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ููƒุชูˆุฑุงุช ู…ุณู…ู‰ cytokine ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:19,220 --> 00:20:21,360
943
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู„ูˆูƒูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุงู† ุงู„ stimulating factor
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:21,360 --> 00:20:24,600
947
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:27,580
951
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:27,580 --> 00:20:33,140
955
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:33,140 --> 00:20:35,020
959
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:35,020 --> 00:20:36,140
963
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุชุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:40,900
967
+ maturing blood cell majority of the cell ุทุจุนุง ู…ุนุธู…
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:40,900 --> 00:20:46,860
971
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ mature blood cell ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 95% ู…ู†
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:46,860 --> 00:20:51,880
975
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง it lose adherence receptor ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง and
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:51,880 --> 00:20:55,360
979
+ become deformable ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ุถุฌุช
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:55,360 --> 00:20:59,080
983
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุญุฑุฑุช ู…ู† ุงู„ stromal cell ูˆุจุฏุช ุชุทููˆ ุฅู„ู‰
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:59,080 --> 00:21:02,440
987
+ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุงู„ sinusoid ุงู„ sinusoid ูŠุนู†ูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:02,440 --> 00:21:05,980
991
+ ูุชุญุงุช ุงู„ุจูˆู…ุฉ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชุตุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช ููŠ ุงู„
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:05,980 --> 00:21:06,660
995
+ peripheralุŸ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:09,320 --> 00:21:12,780
999
+ Migrate through cytoplasm of lining endothelial
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:12,780 --> 00:21:17,780
1003
+ cell to intercyanoside ุชู„ู‚ู… ุชุตู„ ุงู„ู€cyanoside ุซู…
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:17,780 --> 00:21:22,200
1007
+ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ู€platelet ุงู„ู€platelet is are the
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:25,800
1011
+ exception ุงู„ู€megakaryocytes
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:32,390
1015
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€cyanosida ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‡ูŠ ู†ุฎู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:32,390 --> 00:21:36,030
1019
+ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู…ู†ุน ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ bone marrow ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:36,030 --> 00:21:40,470
1023
+ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุญูŠุฒุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู„ bone marrow ูุฑุจู†ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:40,470 --> 00:21:45,430
1027
+ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ sinuses ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ they form a long process
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:45,430 --> 00:21:49,770
1031
+ of propylated which fragments into some nascent
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:49,770 --> 00:21:52,730
1035
+ platelets ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูˆูŠ ุดูˆูŠ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุดุฑุญูƒ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:52,730 --> 00:21:57,670
1039
+ ูƒูŠู ุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ mega cardioparesisุงู„ู€ phenotype
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:57,670 --> 00:22:01,150
1043
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ hemopoietic stem cell ุญุงูƒู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:01,150 --> 00:22:05,130
1047
+ positive ูˆ negative ุงู„ regulation ุจุชุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:05,130 --> 00:22:10,350
1051
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ local micro
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:10,350 --> 00:22:18,250
1055
+ environment control ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ local control ุจุชุชู…
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:18,250 --> 00:22:23,850
1059
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ micro environment ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุซู… ุงู„ humoral
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:24,510 --> 00:22:28,410
1063
+ regulation ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ growth factor ุซู… ูู‰
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:28,410 --> 00:22:32,450
1067
+ ุนุงู…ู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงูŠุถุง regulate the process ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:32,450 --> 00:22:36,470
1071
+ apoptosis ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:36,470 --> 00:22:40,190
1075
+ ุงู†ู…ู†ุนุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุช ุจุชุฏู„ ุนุงูŠุดู‡ุง ูู‡ูˆ ุนุงู…ู„ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:40,190 --> 00:22:45,010
1079
+ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูŠุจุฌุฃ ุชู„ุช ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:45,010 --> 00:22:48,470
1083
+ regulation ู„ู„ู…ูˆุจูŠุณุณ micro environment ูˆ ุงู„ growth
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:48,470 --> 00:22:54,360
1087
+ factor ูˆ ุงู„ apoptosis ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุงุทุจุนุง ูƒูŠู
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:54,360 --> 00:22:57,940
1091
+ ุจุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ regulation of hemopoiesis by growth
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:57,940 --> 00:23:02,160
1095
+ factorุŸ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ุฃุดุนุฑู‡ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ู„ุฅู†
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:02,160 --> 00:23:05,280
1099
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ micro molecular biology ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:05,280 --> 00:23:07,880
1103
+ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุชุจุงุท ู„ growth factor ุจุงู„ receptor ุชุจุนู‡
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:11,540
1107
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ signal transduction ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุชูˆู„ุฏ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:11,540 --> 00:23:16,980
1111
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ receptor ุจุชุชูˆู„ุฏ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:16,980 --> 00:23:21,200
1115
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุชุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุซ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:25,920
1119
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู†ุดุท ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุจู†ุดุท
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:29,640
1123
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ู†ุตู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ nucleus ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:38,940
1127
+ ููŠู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ signal transduction ู…ุงุดู‰
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:38,940 --> 00:23:44,180
1131
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„apoptosis ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูู‰ ุงู„ hemapoiesis
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:44,180 --> 00:23:48,560
1135
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„apoptosis ู‡ูˆ program cell death ู…ุงุดู‰
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:50,360 --> 00:23:57,280
1139
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุฌูˆ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ program cell death
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:57,280 --> 00:24:01,280
1143
+ by specific growth factor by certain gene by
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:01,280 --> 00:24:05,900
1147
+ specific antigen and some viruses ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:05,900 --> 00:24:09,800
1151
+ ููŠ ุงู„ molecular biology ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mechanism of
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:09,800 --> 00:24:15,700
1155
+ apoptosis ูˆูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ูƒุงุณุงุจูŠุณูŠุฒ ู…ูŠูƒุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:15,700 --> 00:24:16,340
1159
+ ุจูŠูˆุฏูŠ ููŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:24,730 --> 00:24:28,950
1163
+ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:28,950 --> 00:24:31,130
1167
+ cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:31,130 --> 00:24:33,970
1171
+ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:33,970 --> 00:24:35,470
1175
+ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:35,470 --> 00:24:37,150
1179
+ cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:37,150 --> 00:24:37,470
1183
+ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:37,470 --> 00:24:37,590
1187
+ cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:37,590 --> 00:24:42,290
1191
+ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:42,290 --> 00:24:49,990
1195
+ cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:49,990 --> 00:24:53,950
1199
+ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ death of cell ุจุฑู†ุงุฅุฐุง
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:53,950 --> 00:24:58,470
1203
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:24:58,470 --> 00:25:03,470
1207
+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:03,470 --> 00:25:09,090
1211
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ chemotherapy ุงู†
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:09,090 --> 00:25:14,550
1215
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:14,550 --> 00:25:15,350
1219
+ leukemia
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:20,690 --> 00:25:24,870
1223
+ ุงู„ู€ hemopoiesis ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุชุนุฑู ุงู„ hemopoiesis
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:24,870 --> 00:25:29,670
1227
+ ุดุบุงู„ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง they can be assessed by
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:29,670 --> 00:25:34,130
1231
+ the following ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุนู…ู„ CBC ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ CBC
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:34,130 --> 00:25:38,390
1235
+ ู‡ูŠุจูŠู†ูƒ ุงู„ normal ranges of blood cell ูˆู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ููŠ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:38,390 --> 00:25:43,050
1239
+ ุงู„ normal ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ hemopoietic activity ุดุบุงู„ุฉ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:43,050 --> 00:25:48,610
1243
+ ู…ู†ูŠุญ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ normalุจุนุฏ ูˆููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ CPC ุฃูˆ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:48,610 --> 00:25:52,550
1247
+ full blood count ุฃูˆ complete blood count ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:52,550 --> 00:25:57,040
1251
+ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฃู…ุฑุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุฃูุญุต ุงู„ุจูˆู†ู…ุงุฑูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุจุชู…
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:57,040 --> 00:26:02,640
1255
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูุญุต ุงู„ุจูˆู†ู…ุงุฑูˆ by aspiration ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:02,640 --> 00:26:08,600
1259
+ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† later stages of maturation of
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:08,600 --> 00:26:12,360
1263
+ hemopoietic cells ู„ุฅู† ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุฎุดูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆู†ู…ุงุฑูˆ ูˆ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:12,360 --> 00:26:18,230
1267
+ ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู†ุฏูˆุดู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูู‡ู… ุฎู„ุงุตููŠ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:18,230 --> 00:26:22,130
1271
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู†ุนุฑู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุตุญ ุฃูˆ ููŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:22,130 --> 00:26:26,310
1275
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ุฃูˆ ูˆุงู‚ู ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:26,310 --> 00:26:31,570
1279
+ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู†ุจุฑู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู†ุช ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุชุงุฎุฏ aspiration ุชู…ุงู…ุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:31,570 --> 00:26:35,490
1283
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ biopsy ู…ู† ุงู„ bone marrow ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:35,490 --> 00:26:40,350
1287
+ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ bone marrow architecture
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:40,350 --> 00:26:47,890
1291
+ normal ูˆู„ุง abnormal ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุฃูˆ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:47,890 --> 00:26:54,350
1295
+ ู…ุงููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ aspiration ุจุชุชู… ู…ู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:54,350 --> 00:27:00,910
1299
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ู†ุณุญุฉ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:00,910 --> 00:27:06,370
1303
+ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:06,370 --> 00:27:12,830
1307
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุงEliac crest ูˆุจู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ุงู… ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:12,830 --> 00:27:17,590
1311
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุทู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง posterior Eliac crest ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:17,590 --> 00:27:20,570
1315
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู‡ุฏู‰ ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุญูˆุฏ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:20,570 --> 00:27:24,610
1319
+ ุงู„ุจูˆู†ู…ุงุฑูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูู‰ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุนุฑูŠุถุฉ ูˆ ุงุญุณู† ู…ุซุงู„ ู†ุงุฎุฏ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:24,610 --> 00:27:26,210
1323
+ ุงูˆ ู†ุชุนู„ู‚
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:32,010 --> 00:27:36,110
1327
+ ุงู„ู€ Iliac crest ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุฑู†ุงู… ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุฑู†ุงู…
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:36,110 --> 00:27:41,770
1331
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:41,770 --> 00:27:45,310
1335
+ ุงู„ุฅุจุฑุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุฏูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู„ุฅู† ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฎุฑุฌ ุนุถู…
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:45,310 --> 00:27:49,690
1339
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ุนุถู… ูˆ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ hip point ูˆ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:49,690 --> 00:27:53,590
1343
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ุฏุฃูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุจุณ ุฌุงุจู„
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:53,590 --> 00:27:57,570
1347
+ ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุฑูˆ ููŠ skin ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฎุชุฑู‚ู‡ุง ูˆ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:03,030 --> 00:28:08,650
1351
+ ุจูˆุฑู…ุงุฑูˆ ุจุงุฑูƒุชูƒุชุดุงุฑุงุญู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ biopsy ู…ู…ูƒู†
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:08,650 --> 00:28:11,550
1355
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ bomber ูˆ architecture is normal ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:11,550 --> 00:28:15,150
1359
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ cellular ูˆู„ุง not cellular ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุบู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู„ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:15,150 --> 00:28:19,730
1363
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุบู„ุงูŠุง ููŠู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:19,730 --> 00:28:23,290
1367
+ hypercellular ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:23,290 --> 00:28:26,450
1371
+ normal cellular ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† follow
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:26,450 --> 00:28:32,330
1375
+ fat cell ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ hypocellular ู…ุงููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:32,330 --> 00:28:32,650
1379
+ bomber
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:35,540 --> 00:28:40,680
1383
+ ุงู„ู€ M.E. Ratio ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Myeloid ุฅูŠุฑูŠุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุฑูŠุดูŠูˆ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:40,680 --> 00:28:46,520
1387
+ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Myeloid ู„ู„ุฅูŠุฑูŠุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:46,520 --> 00:28:53,640
1391
+ marrow ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง M.E. Ratio ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ุนูˆุงู…ู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:53,640 --> 00:28:57,180
1395
+ ุงู„ู€ assessment of bone marrow ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุงู„ู€ bone
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:57,180 --> 00:29:02,520
1399
+ marrowุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:02,520 --> 00:29:08,180
1403
+ ุฃุถุนุงู ุงู„ myeloid cell ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ erythroid cell
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:08,180 --> 00:29:13,140
1407
+ ูˆุฏู‡ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:13,140 --> 00:29:16,740
1411
+ ุงู„ myeloid ุฃูˆู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ erythroid ุฃูˆู„ุง ุงู„ erythroid
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:16,740 --> 00:29:22,060
1415
+ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ myeloid ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:22,060 --> 00:29:26,420
1419
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุต ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุต ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ myeloid ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนุฏุฉ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:26,420 --> 00:29:30,930
1423
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุงุฑุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุญุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:30,930 --> 00:29:35,990
1427
+ ุงู† ุงู„ myeloid ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุณุจุชู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:35,990 --> 00:29:39,350
1431
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:39,350 --> 00:29:45,690
1435
+ ุชู†ุนูƒุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:45,690 --> 00:29:51,140
1439
+ bone marrowู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ุจู„ุงุชุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฒูŠ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:51,140 --> 00:29:56,480
1443
+ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง immature ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ band
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:56,480 --> 00:30:00,940
1447
+ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ูˆุงู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงู†ูƒูˆุง ุฃุฎุฏุชูˆุง ุงู„ differential
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:00,940 --> 00:30:06,800
1451
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูˆุญุชุงุฎุฏูˆู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:11,400
1455
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ segmented ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:11,400 --> 00:30:15,840
1459
+ large lymphocytes and monocytes ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:16,200
1463
+ ุงูŠุด
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:19,280 --> 00:30:25,120
1467
+ ูˆ ู†ุตู„ ุงู„ู€ Erythropoiesis ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุจุชู…ุฑ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:29,180
1471
+ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ stem cell ุซู…
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:29,180 --> 00:30:34,020
1475
+ progenitor cell ุซู… precursor cell ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:34,020 --> 00:30:38,360
1479
+ recognizable form ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู†ุตู„ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:38,360 --> 00:30:43,760
1483
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:43,760 --> 00:30:47,400
1487
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ mature form of cell ููŠ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:49,380
1491
+ ุงู„ุงุฑูŠthropoiesis ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:54,920 --> 00:30:58,400
1495
+ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† .. ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฃูˆู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Pro-erythroplast
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:07,080
1499
+ ุซู… ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชู†ุฏุด ูˆุชู…ุฑ ููŠ 6 ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:07,080 --> 00:31:12,360
1503
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ Pro-erythroplast ุซู…
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:12,360 --> 00:31:20,460
1507
+ Erythroplast ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:20,460 --> 00:31:23,960
1511
+ ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ polychromatophilic ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุช
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:23,960 --> 00:31:28,900
1515
+ orthochromatic erythroplast ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:28,900 --> 00:31:32,560
1519
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุตุงุฑูˆุง ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:32,560 --> 00:31:37,040
1523
+ reticulocyte ุซู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ู‡ูŠ mature
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:37,040 --> 00:31:47,180
1527
+ erythroplast ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฃูŠู‡ุง
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:47,180 --> 00:31:52,470
1531
+ proerythroplastุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ู…ุฑุงุช pronormoblast
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:52,470 --> 00:31:59,770
1535
+ ุซู… ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:59,770 --> 00:32:03,510
1539
+ ู‡ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุจูˆู„ูŠูƒุฑูˆู…ุงุชูŠูƒ ูˆ ุงู„
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:03,510 --> 00:32:09,950
1543
+ orthochromic ุซู… ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:09,950 --> 00:32:13,150
1547
+ orthochromic ุซู… ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ reticulocyte ูˆ ุงู„
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:13,150 --> 00:32:19,140
1551
+ matureู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ูŠุณุจู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:19,140 --> 00:32:25,340
1555
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงุณู… ูŠุนู†ู‰ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:25,340 --> 00:32:28,300
1559
+ ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง Hemopoiesis ุฌุงู„ู‡ by
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:28,300 --> 00:32:31,600
1563
+ culture technique ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:31,600 --> 00:32:36,980
1567
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซู„ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆ ุฒุฑุนู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู‚ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:36,980 --> 00:32:40,540
1571
+ culture media ู‡ุชุฏูŠู†ู‰ burst forming unit ุงู„ burst
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:32:40,540 --> 00:32:45,970
1575
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุง ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู†ูุฌุงุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:32:45,970 --> 00:32:51,630
1579
+ ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุฏูŠู†ุง thousands of nucleated
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:32:51,630 --> 00:32:58,350
1583
+ erythroid in V2 in culture ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ under some
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:32:58,350 --> 00:33:03,210
1587
+ changes it become colony forming unit erythroid
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:03,210 --> 00:33:07,070
1591
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุถูŠูู„ู‡ุง hormone ุงู„ erythropoietin ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:33:07,070 --> 00:33:11,490
1595
+ ุจุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ู„ colony forming unit ุงูˆ ููŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:33:11,490 --> 00:33:13,730
1599
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ controller
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:33:18,760 --> 00:33:22,920
1603
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ colony forming unit ุตุงุฑุช well differentiated
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:33:22,920 --> 00:33:30,040
1607
+ present only in red bone marrow ูƒุงู† form up to 40
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:33:30,040 --> 00:33:35,980
1611
+ .. 64 nucleated erythroid precursors ูˆ ุงู„ hormone
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:33:35,980 --> 00:33:41,280
1615
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ erythropoietin ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:33:41,280 --> 00:33:45,540
1619
+ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… except in vitro culture method
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:33:47,090 --> 00:33:50,770
1623
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจู†ุฌูŠ ู„ ุงู„ recognizable fold ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:33:50,770 --> 00:33:56,170
1627
+ normal blast precursor ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑ 15-20
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:33:56,170 --> 00:33:59,770
1631
+ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู† ุงู„ cytoplasm ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุฏูŠุจ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:33:59,770 --> 00:34:05,810
1635
+ violet to blue ู„ุงุฒุงู„ุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:34:05,810 --> 00:34:12,810
1639
+ ุงู„ hemoglobin ููŠู‡ุง nucleus ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุญุฌู… ุนู…ุงู„ 12
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:34:12,810 --> 00:34:13,470
1643
+ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู†
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:34:16,660 --> 00:34:24,680
1647
+ ูˆ ุจุชู…ู„ู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู„ุช ุชุฑุจุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ nucleus has
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:34:24,680 --> 00:34:31,840
1651
+ fine-stemmed ู„ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ุงู„ DNA ุชุจุนู‡ุง is fine ู…ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:34:31,840 --> 00:34:36,140
1655
+ stemmed articulate ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงุฌูŠ ููŠ many
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:34:36,140 --> 00:34:38,500
1659
+ nuclei ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:34:41,530 --> 00:34:44,730
1663
+ ุซู… ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู‰ normal blast ูˆ ุงู„ normal
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:34:44,730 --> 00:34:46,890
1667
+ blast ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:34:46,890 --> 00:34:50,450
1671
+ mesophilic ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตุบุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎุฏูˆู‡ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:34:50,450 --> 00:34:54,110
1675
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ mature ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุช
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:34:54,110 --> 00:34:57,830
1679
+ mature ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุฏุช ุชุตุบุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:34:57,830 --> 00:35:04,210
1683
+ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ mature form smaller size shows active
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:35:04,210 --> 00:35:11,550
1687
+ mitosis no nuclei in the nucleusfine chromatin
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:35:11,550 --> 00:35:17,510
1691
+ network ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฒู‡ุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ condensation ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:35:17,510 --> 00:35:22,450
1695
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ hemoglobin ู„ูƒู†ู‡ still is
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:35:22,450 --> 00:35:31,010
1699
+ not seen ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ cytoplasm is still mesophilic
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:35:31,010 --> 00:35:35,280
1703
+ ุงู„ intermediateู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:35:35,280 --> 00:35:41,240
1707
+ polychromatophilic ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู†ุฒู„ ู„ 10.14
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:35:41,240 --> 00:35:46,380
1711
+ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู… it shows active mitosisุŒ hemoglobin
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:35:46,380 --> 00:35:50,260
1715
+ content is increased ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ูŠู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:35:50,260 --> 00:35:53,400
1719
+ cytoplasm ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุตุงุฑ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู†
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:58,380
1723
+ polychromatophilic ุซู… ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:35:58,380 --> 00:36:04,540
1727
+ ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆุจู„ุงุณุชุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง Orthochromic Normal Blast ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:36:04,540 --> 00:36:10,960
1731
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฏู‡ ู†ุฒู„ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุงุŸ 7 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 ู…ูŠุฌุฑูˆู… ู…ู† 15 ุฅู„ู‰ 20 ุซู…
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:36:10,960 --> 00:36:18,680
1735
+ ู†ุฒู„ุช 10 ุฅู„ู‰ 15 ุซู… ุฏุงูŠู†ุง ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:36:18,680 --> 00:36:23,600
1739
+ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง 7 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 ู…ูŠุฌุฑูˆู… ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุดุฑูŠู†ูƒุฒ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:36:23,600 --> 00:36:27,560
1743
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง shrinking and condensed
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:36:27,560 --> 00:36:30,140
1747
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูƒุฑูˆู…ุงุชูŠู† material
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:36:35,660 --> 00:36:40,640
1751
+ ุงู„ู€ Cartwheel-shaped cell ูˆุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:36:40,640 --> 00:36:44,440
1755
+ ุฃุฒูŠู†ูˆูู„ูƒ in appearance ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:36:44,440 --> 00:36:51,320
1759
+ nucleus ุจุฏุช ุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ูˆุถุน ุทุฑููŠ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุฑูˆุฌู‡ุง ู…ู†
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:36:51,320 --> 00:36:56,620
1763
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ is enucleated enucleated ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:36:56,620 --> 00:37:00,960
1767
+ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง nucleus ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ reticulocyte ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:37:00,960 --> 00:37:06,830
1771
+ pin ultimate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ stageand it
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:37:06,830 --> 00:37:10,450
1775
+ has find network of reticula ุฎู„ุงุต ุงู†ุทุฑุฏุช ุงู„
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:37:10,450 --> 00:37:18,410
1779
+ nucleus ุจุฑุง ู„ูƒู† ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ู…ุงุดูŠ RNA remnant of RNA
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:37:18,410 --> 00:37:23,410
1783
+ ุจุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ mesophilic appearance ู„ู„cytoplasm ููŠ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:37:23,410 --> 00:37:30,690
1787
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุจุชูˆุตู„ ู…ู† 2 ู„ 6 ู„ูƒู†
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:37:33,420 --> 00:37:36,720
1791
+ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:37:36,720 --> 00:37:39,440
1795
+ blood ู†ุนู… ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral blood ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:37:39,440 --> 00:37:45,180
1799
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงูŠุด ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ูˆุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:37:45,180 --> 00:37:49,080
1803
+ ุจูƒุซุฑุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:37:49,080 --> 00:37:54,120
1807
+ ุงู„ RBCs ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ RBCs ุจุฏุฑูŠ ูุจู†ุดูˆู
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:37:54,120 --> 00:37:59,780
1811
+ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral blood ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:37:59,780 --> 00:38:04,490
1815
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุจุนุฏ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ RBCs ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:38:04,490 --> 00:38:08,830
1819
+ ุจุงูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒูŠู ุฏูŠุณูƒ ุงุตู„ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:38:08,830 --> 00:38:15,850
1823
+ ุชู„ุชู‡ุง ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุจุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:38:15,850 --> 00:38:20,090
1827
+ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ during erythropoiesis ูˆ ู‡ูŠ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:38:20,090 --> 00:38:23,470
1831
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฃูŠู‡ุง proerythroplast, mesophilic ุซู…
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:38:23,470 --> 00:38:29,090
1835
+ polychromatic ุซู… orthochromic ุซู… reticulocyte ุจุนุฏ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:38:29,090 --> 00:38:35,820
1839
+ ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุซู… ุงู„ู€ mature RBCs
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:38:35,820 --> 00:38:40,260
1843
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ physiology of erythropoiesisุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:38:40,260 --> 00:38:43,620
1847
+ ููŠู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ mitotic divisions ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:38:43,620 --> 00:38:47,960
1851
+ pronormoblast ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ orthochromic
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:38:47,960 --> 00:38:56,940
1855
+ normoblast ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุณุช ุนุดุฑ RBCs ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ุณุช
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:38:56,940 --> 00:39:07,320
1859
+ ุนุดุฑ ู‡ูŠุตู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ matureููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุฎู„ู‚ ุชุฎู„ูŠู‚ ุฎุงุทุฆ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:39:07,320 --> 00:39:13,420
1863
+ and this will be destroyed ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ destruction
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:39:13,420 --> 00:39:18,840
1867
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ineffective erythropoies ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:39:18,840 --> 00:39:24,660
1871
+ erythropoies ุบูŠุฑ ูุนุงู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ููŠ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:39:24,660 --> 00:39:33,850
1875
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ูˆู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:39:33,850 --> 00:39:37,250
1879
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ destruction
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:39:37,250 --> 00:39:40,530
1883
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ineffective
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:39:40,530 --> 00:39:46,010
1887
+ erythropoiesis ุฌุฏูŠุด ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฌุฏุช ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:39:46,010 --> 00:39:51,370
1891
+ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆ ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆุจู„ุงุณุชูŠุฌ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:39:51,370 --> 00:39:56,370
1895
+ mature to mature into orthochronic ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:39:56,370 --> 00:40:00,750
1899
+ ูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุทุฑุฏ ุงู„ nucleus
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:40:03,610 --> 00:40:08,130
1903
+ ูˆุจู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ reticulocytes ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠู†
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:40:08,130 --> 00:40:15,550
1907
+ ู„ุชู„ุช ูŠุงู… ูู‰ ุงู„ bone ู…ุฑูˆุญ ุนุดุงู† ุชู†ุฏุฌ ู…ุงุดู‰ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:40:15,550 --> 00:40:22,610
1911
+ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ peripheral blood ุชู‚ุนุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ 120 ูŠูˆู…
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:40:22,610 --> 00:40:26,350
1915
+ ูู‰ ุงู„ peripheral blood as normal functioning
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:40:26,350 --> 00:40:31,770
1919
+ retropieces ูˆุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ facesุฃูŠ ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:40:31,770 --> 00:40:39,250
1923
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ stem cell ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ุช ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ committed
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:40:39,250 --> 00:40:43,370
1927
+ cell ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ committed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฒู…ุช ุจุฎุท ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:40:43,370 --> 00:40:50,470
1931
+ RBCs ูุจุฏุช ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ Pro-Oedoplast ุซู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:40:50,470 --> 00:40:58,420
1935
+ Mitotica ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ phases ุฃูˆู„ phaseุจุชุตูŠุฑ yearly
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:40:58,420 --> 00:41:02,460
1939
+ erythropoiesis ุซู… ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ููŠ late
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:41:02,460 --> 00:41:05,020
1943
+ erythropoiesis ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฒ ุจู†ุดูˆู hemoglobin
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:41:05,020 --> 00:41:09,540
1947
+ accumulation ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ู†ุตู„ ู„ู„ููŠุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ูˆู‡ูˆ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:41:09,540 --> 00:41:14,960
1951
+ ุงู„ ejection ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุชุฑุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:41:14,960 --> 00:41:22,700
1955
+ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุคุซุฑ ุงูˆ ุชุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:41:22,700 --> 00:41:25,740
1959
+ erythropoiesis ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:41:25,740 --> 00:41:30,760
1963
+ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ู‡ูˆ tissue oxygenation ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:41:30,760 --> 00:41:37,580
1967
+ RBCs ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุญู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ oxygen ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ oxygen
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:41:37,580 --> 00:41:45,360
1971
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:41:45,360 --> 00:41:51,260
1975
+ RBCs ุซู… first promoting activity ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:41:51,260 --> 00:41:54,200
1979
+ ุจูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ are
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:41:54,200 --> 00:42:00,540
1983
+ erythropoiesisุซู… ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจูŠุชูŠู† ุจูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุงุญู„
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:42:00,540 --> 00:42:04,380
1987
+ ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชุญูƒู…
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:42:04,380 --> 00:42:09,040
1991
+ ุจุงู„ function of mature RBCs ูˆููŠ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฃ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:42:09,040 --> 00:42:14,480
1995
+ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ M ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ mature ูˆ ุจุฌุงู ุซู… ุงู„ iron ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:42:14,480 --> 00:42:18,400
1999
+ iron ู…ู„ุฒู…ุฉ ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ hemoglobin ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:42:18,400 --> 00:42:20,840
2003
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุตู†ุน hemoglobin ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงููŠุด iron ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุตู†ุน
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:42:20,840 --> 00:42:27,660
2007
+ ูุจุชุฌุงู ููŠ Mุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ุซู… ุงู„ vitamin ู…ู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ุงู„ vitamin
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:42:27,660 --> 00:42:33,220
2011
+ B12 and folic acid ุนุดุงู† DNA synthesis ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:42:33,220 --> 00:42:39,240
2015
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ zinc ูˆ ุงู„ magnesium sorry ุงู„
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:42:39,240 --> 00:42:43,640
2019
+ erythropoietin ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† hormone ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ู…ู†
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:42:43,640 --> 00:42:48,800
2023
+ ุงู„ูƒุฏู†ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† glycoprotein substance ูˆ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:42:48,800 --> 00:42:56,240
2027
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุฃุจูˆู„ุงุช ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุฅุจุฑ ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุตู†ุน by
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:42:56,240 --> 00:43:01,220
2031
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:43:01,220 --> 00:43:07,760
2035
+ ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ colony forming unit
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:43:07,760 --> 00:43:12,200
2039
+ ุฅูŠุฑูŠุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆุฒูŠูุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:43:12,200 --> 00:43:16,000
2043
+ increase the number of nucleated precursor in the
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:43:16,000 --> 00:43:19,280
2047
+ bone marrow ูˆ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:43:20,660 --> 00:43:23,880
2051
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุงู„ู€ mature
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:43:23,880 --> 00:43:29,660
2055
+ RBCs in the blood ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ูˆูŠุชุงู…ูŠู† ุฃู‡ู…ู‡
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:43:29,660 --> 00:43:33,940
2059
+ vitamin B12 ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆู‡ูˆ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:43:33,940 --> 00:43:37,500
2063
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ cyanocopalamine ูˆ ุงู„ folic acid
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:43:37,500 --> 00:43:42,640
2067
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุจู„ุฒู…ูˆู‡ ูƒ vitamins ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:43:42,640 --> 00:43:47,760
2071
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Extrinsic factor of Castle ูˆุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:43:47,760 --> 00:43:53,490
2075
+ Intrinsic factorูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:43:53,490 --> 00:43:58,050
2079
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ุงููŠุด intrinsic factor ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:43:58,050 --> 00:44:01,270
2083
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง pernicious anemia ูˆู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:44:01,270 --> 00:44:06,670
2087
+ megaloplastic anemia ุงู„ vitamin ุฃูŠุถุง stimulate
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:44:06,670 --> 00:44:11,370
2091
+ erythropoiesis ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ vitamin ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:44:11,370 --> 00:44:16,010
2095
+ ุงู„ meat ูˆ ุงู„ diary products ุงู„ iron ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:44:16,010 --> 00:44:19,690
2099
+ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ hemoglobinุบูŠุงุจู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ microcytic
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:44:19,690 --> 00:44:25,670
2103
+ hypochromic anemia ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ blood indices
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:44:25,670 --> 00:44:34,950
2107
+ ุงู„ MCV ูˆ ุงู„ MCH ูˆ ุงู„ MCHC are low ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:44:34,950 --> 00:44:39,010
2111
+ regulation ุจุงู„ุชู… ูƒุงู„ู‚ุงุชูŠ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ aerosol
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:44:39,010 --> 00:44:43,250
2115
+ protein ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ aerosol protein ุจุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑุงู„ู€
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:44:43,250 --> 00:44:45,810
2119
+ regulation ุจุชุชู… ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ colon stimulating
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:44:45,810 --> 00:44:49,270
2123
+ factor ุงู„ู€ colon forming unit ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆูŠุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠ
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:44:49,270 --> 00:44:54,030
2127
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุงุฑุชุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุจุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ุซู… ุงู„ mature ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:44:54,030 --> 00:44:58,530
2131
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ุงุช ู‚ู„ tissue
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:44:58,530 --> 00:45:03,430
2135
+ oxygenation is decreased ูˆ ูˆู‚ุชุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:45:03,430 --> 00:45:09,230
2139
+ decreasing ู„ู„ oxygen ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„hypovolemia
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:45:12,220 --> 00:45:15,640
2143
+ ุงู„ู€ poor blood flow ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ pulmonary
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:45:15,640 --> 00:45:22,080
2147
+ disease ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ู„
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:27,380
2151
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุชุชุญุณุณ ุงู„ูƒุฏู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุฃูŠุงู… ุทู„ุน
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:45:27,380 --> 00:45:32,820
2155
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑุงุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑุงุจูˆูŠุชูŠู†ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:45:32,820 --> 00:45:36,600
2159
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑุงุจูˆูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ colon
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:45:36,600 --> 00:45:43,320
2163
+ forming unit ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆูŠุฏ ูˆ ู…ุจุฏุฃุดุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฒูˆุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:45:43,320 --> 00:45:50,180
2167
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ RBCs ูˆู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ RBCs ููŠ
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:45:50,180 --> 00:45:55,360
2171
+ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุจุชุญู…ู„ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:45:55,360 --> 00:46:02,820
2175
+ decrease in tissue oxygenation ุงู„ุงุฑุซูˆูƒูŠู‡ุชูŠู† ูˆุธุงู‡ุชู‡
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:46:02,820 --> 00:46:09,010
2179
+ activated stem cell of bone marrowShortening cell
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:46:09,010 --> 00:46:13,570
2183
+ cycle ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณุฑุน ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ RBCs
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:46:13,570 --> 00:46:18,550
2187
+ ุซู… Decrease maturation time ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุชุงุฎุฏ ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุจูŠุฑ
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:46:18,550 --> 00:46:22,890
2191
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ maturation ุจุตูŠุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุซู… Increase rate
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:46:22,890 --> 00:46:28,410
2195
+ of mitosis and maturation process ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:46:28,410 --> 00:46:34,860
2199
+ Increase rate of hemoglobinุฃูŠุถุง ุณุฑุนุฉ ุฅู…ุชุงุฌ
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:46:34,860 --> 00:46:39,560
2203
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุชู†ุฒูŠู„ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฑุชูƒูŠู„ูˆุณุงูŠุฏ
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:46:39,560 --> 00:46:44,580
2207
+ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:46:44,580 --> 00:46:51,560
2211
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆู…ู† ุฃู‡ู… ูˆุถุนูู‡ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณุณ ูˆุฏู‡
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:46:51,560 --> 00:46:55,480
2215
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชููˆุจูŠุชูŠู† ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ูˆุฏู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:46:58,110 --> 00:47:01,670
2219
+ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ูˆูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Ligand ุชุจุนู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Receptor
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:47:01,670 --> 00:47:07,010
2223
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Ligand ูุจุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชู†ุดุท ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:47:07,010 --> 00:47:11,510
2227
+ Transcriptional Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ู„ู†ุง
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:47:11,510 --> 00:47:15,090
2231
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ Erythropoiesis
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:47:18,140 --> 00:47:22,000
2235
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุงู„ู€ ErythropoiesisุŒ ุงู„ู€ Granulopoiesis
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:27,460
2239
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉุŒ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Granulocyte
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:47:27,460 --> 00:47:30,820
2243
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆููŠู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:47:33,880 --> 00:47:38,200
2247
+ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชู… ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ 6 ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:47:38,200 --> 00:47:44,780
2251
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ blast ุซู… pro myelocyte ุซู…
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:47:44,780 --> 00:47:49,960
2255
+ myelocyte ุซู… metamyelocyte ุซู… ุงู„ band ุซู… segmented
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:47:49,960 --> 00:47:56,180
2259
+ cell ู…ุงุดูŠ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:47:56,180 --> 00:48:01,940
2263
+ maturation ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ myeloblast ูˆ
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:48:05,590 --> 00:48:11,990
2267
+ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู† 24 ุฅู„ู‰ 48 ุณุงุนุฉ per single cycle ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุฃู‚ู„
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:48:11,990 --> 00:48:15,130
2271
+ ู…ู† 1% ู…ู† ุงู„ bottom of the compartment ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:48:15,130 --> 00:48:21,410
2275
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ 15 ุฅู„ู‰ 20 ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู† ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงูŠุงุณูŠู† ูˆ nucleus is
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:48:21,410 --> 00:48:25,620
2279
+ delicatesmall amount of cytoplasm with rough
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:48:25,620 --> 00:48:29,360
2283
+ endoplasmic reticulum ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ูˆูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:48:29,360 --> 00:48:33,860
2287
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:48:33,860 --> 00:48:37,940
2291
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูู…ุง ุชุฌู„ุฌูˆุด ู…ู† ุตูุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุญูุธ
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:48:37,940 --> 00:48:42,940
2295
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ุนุดุงู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู„ูƒู†
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:48:42,940 --> 00:48:47,220
2299
+ ู‡ุงู†ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุชุซุจุช ููŠู‡ุง
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:48:55,290 --> 00:48:58,910
2303
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง Myeloblast ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:48:58,910 --> 00:49:00,830
2307
+ cytochemical staining show presence on
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:49:00,830 --> 00:49:05,410
2311
+ myeloperoxidase ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ granules
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:49:05,410 --> 00:49:08,590
2315
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† granular size ูˆุฃูˆู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:49:08,590 --> 00:49:10,870
2319
+ granules ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง primary granules ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:49:10,870 --> 00:49:20,330
2323
+ myeloperoxidase ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:49:21,780 --> 00:49:27,540
2327
+ ู„ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ู€ intracellular killing ู„ุฃูŠ microbe ูˆ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:49:27,540 --> 00:49:31,660
2331
+ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ killing ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:49:31,660 --> 00:49:35,900
2335
+ ุจุชุฏุงูุน ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„myeloplast
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:49:35,900 --> 00:49:40,040
2339
+ is incapable of motility ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ and
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:49:40,040 --> 00:49:44,560
2343
+ adhesion and phagocytosis is therefore non
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:49:44,560 --> 00:49:50,450
2347
+ -functional ู„ุณุงุชู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:49:50,450 --> 00:49:57,890
2351
+ ุงู„ adhesion ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู‰ bromilocytes ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุจุฑุถู‡
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:49:57,890 --> 00:50:04,230
2355
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ blast stage ุจุชุฎุด ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:50:04,230 --> 00:50:09,950
2359
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ bromilocytes ุชุดูƒู„ 1 ู„ 5% ูˆ ุงู„ size is
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:50:09,950 --> 00:50:18,510
2363
+ more thanุงู„ู€ Myeloplast ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุชุดุฐ ู‡ู†ุง
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:50:18,510 --> 00:50:22,250
2367
+ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุช
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:50:22,250 --> 00:50:26,670
2371
+ more mature ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุถุฌุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุบุฑุช ุงู„ุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:50:26,670 --> 00:50:33,390
2375
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ุณุงุจู‚ุชู‡ุง Nuclear
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:50:33,390 --> 00:50:36,310
2379
+ chromatin may be delicate or may slide clumping,
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:50:36,530 --> 00:50:41,470
2383
+ nuclei begin to fadeุจู†ุจุทู„ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:50:41,470 --> 00:50:46,930
2387
+ ุจู†ุจุทู„ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุฃุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:50:46,930 --> 00:50:52,730
2391
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ myelocytes ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:50:52,730 --> 00:50:58,250
2395
+ neutrophilic granules ูˆ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ secondary
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:50:58,250 --> 00:51:04,670
2399
+ granules ูˆ ุงู„ myelocyte is the last cell of bone
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:51:04,670 --> 00:51:06,790
2403
+ marrow compartment capable of mitosis
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:51:09,700 --> 00:51:16,980
2407
+ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃูŠุงู… ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุงุฎุฏ
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:51:16,980 --> 00:51:20,560
2411
+ distinct morphological variability ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:51:20,560 --> 00:51:24,060
2415
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† secondary granules ูˆูƒู„
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:51:24,060 --> 00:51:29,740
2419
+ granules ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:51:29,740 --> 00:51:36,220
2423
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูุงู„ neutrophil ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ุซู… ุงู„
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:51:36,220 --> 00:51:40,950
2427
+ isenophile ุดูƒู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุซู… ุงู„ basophilูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:51:40,950 --> 00:51:44,410
2431
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:51:44,410 --> 00:51:51,830
2435
+ ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตุบุฑ 12 ู„ 18 ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู† ุชุดูƒู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 10%
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:51:51,830 --> 00:51:56,550
2439
+ nucleus is round to oval ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ flattening
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:51:56,550 --> 00:52:04,650
2443
+ ููŠ side near the golgi apparatus nuclear chromatin
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:52:04,650 --> 00:52:08,140
2447
+ show clumping ุจุฏุฃ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ analogุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:52:08,140 --> 00:52:15,960
2451
+ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุธู‡ุฑุฉ. ูˆุนู† ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณุŒ ููŠ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:52:15,960 --> 00:52:21,460
2455
+ ู…ุชุง ู…ูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณุŒ ู†ุงุดูŠุŒ ุจุณ ุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฎุด ุนู„ู‰
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:52:21,460 --> 00:52:24,800
2459
+ ู…ุชุง ู…ูŠูˆู„ูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณุŒ ู‡ูŠ secondary granule stain pink
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:52:29,190 --> 00:52:32,970
2463
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ or pink plush within this
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:52:32,970 --> 00:52:38,390
2467
+ cytoplasm ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ pink ุงู„ุฒู‡ุฑูŠ compounds such as
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:52:38,390 --> 00:52:41,090
2471
+ alkaline phosphatase ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง ุงู„ granules ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:52:41,090 --> 00:52:45,630
2475
+ ููŠู‡ุง alkaline phosphatase ููŠ ุงู„ secondary granules
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:52:45,630 --> 00:52:50,600
2479
+ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุด secondary granulesูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:52:50,600 --> 00:52:56,200
2483
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูƒุชุณุจ ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:52:56,200 --> 00:53:00,960
2487
+ neutrophil ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ motility ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:53:00,960 --> 00:53:05,280
2491
+ ุญุตู„ุช ููŠ agocytosis ูู„ุงุฒู… ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ antigen ูˆ
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:53:05,280 --> 00:53:10,340
2495
+ ุชู‚ุชู„ู‡ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:53:10,340 --> 00:53:14,000
2499
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Bromilocytes ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:53:14,000 --> 00:53:17,780
2503
+ Neutrophilic Mylocytes ูˆXenophilic Mylocytes
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:53:17,780 --> 00:53:21,400
2507
+ ูˆBasophilic Mylocytes ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:53:21,400 --> 00:53:28,180
2511
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ secondary
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:53:28,180 --> 00:53:32,480
2515
+ granules ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ granules ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู†
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:53:32,480 --> 00:53:36,540
2519
+ ูˆุจูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ู…ุนูŠู†
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:53:39,680 --> 00:53:44,000
2523
+ ูˆุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ ูˆุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ myelocyte
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:53:44,000 --> 00:53:47,640
2527
+ ูู‰ ู…ุชุง myelocyte ุฒุงุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุชู„ุชุงุดุฑ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:53:47,640 --> 00:53:52,640
2531
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง not seen in normal blood ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:53:52,640 --> 00:53:57,400
2535
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral blood it's not
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:53:57,400 --> 00:54:02,880
2539
+ fully functioning ุจุนุฏ
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:54:02,880 --> 00:54:09,670
2543
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ band ูˆุฏู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ุงู„ู€ Mature
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:54:09,670 --> 00:54:13,510
2547
+ Form of Metamylocytes ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Transitional Form
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:54:13,510 --> 00:54:18,090
2551
+ ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ both peripheral blood and bone
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:54:18,090 --> 00:54:27,230
2555
+ marrow ูˆ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก of both maturation and storage
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:54:27,230 --> 00:54:31,660
2559
+ poolmaturation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ูˆ ุงู„ storage
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:54:31,660 --> 00:54:35,680
2563
+ pool ุฃูŠุถุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ุงุฎุฑ
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:54:35,680 --> 00:54:37,480
2567
+ ู†ุฌูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral blood ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:54:37,480 --> 00:54:43,520
2571
+ ู†ุดุชุบู„ู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 40% ุงู„ Brazil ุฏู‡ almost mature
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:54:43,520 --> 00:54:48,400
2575
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูƒู„ ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ mature form of neutrophil
2576
+
2577
+ 645
2578
+ 00:54:48,400 --> 00:54:52,660
2579
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ motility ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ chemotaxis ููŠ
2580
+
2581
+ 646
2582
+ 00:54:52,660 --> 00:54:58,200
2583
+ adhesion ูˆ chemotaxis ุซู… ููŠ phagocystic abilityุงู„
2584
+
2585
+ 647
2586
+ 00:54:58,200 --> 00:55:02,620
2587
+ band form begins to produce tertiary granules ููŠ
2588
+
2589
+ 648
2590
+ 00:55:02,620 --> 00:55:08,280
2591
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุฒู‡ุฑ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ
2592
+
2593
+ 649
2594
+ 00:55:08,280 --> 00:55:13,740
2595
+ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ ุชุชุฒู‡ุฑ
2596
+
2597
+ 650
2598
+ 00:55:17,830 --> 00:55:22,670
2599
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ membrane maturity shows change in skeleton
2600
+
2601
+ 651
2602
+ 00:55:22,670 --> 00:55:27,410
2603
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ membrane ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† surface
2604
+
2605
+ 652
2606
+ 00:55:27,410 --> 00:55:33,370
2607
+ charge ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆููŠ ุณูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณูŠุจุชู„ ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณ ุชุฎุด
2608
+
2609
+ 653
2610
+ 00:55:33,370 --> 00:55:36,850
2611
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ peripheral blood ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 6% ู…ู† ุงู„
2612
+
2613
+ 654
2614
+ 00:55:36,850 --> 00:55:41,710
2615
+ circulating white bases ูˆุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู„ุงุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ 10 ู„ 15
2616
+
2617
+ 655
2618
+ 00:55:41,710 --> 00:55:46,440
2619
+ micron in diameterูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ marginating
2620
+
2621
+ 656
2622
+ 00:55:46,440 --> 00:55:55,600
2623
+ ูˆcirculating pool ูˆุนุฏู‘ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง mature form ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
2624
+
2625
+ 657
2626
+ 00:55:55,600 --> 00:56:01,740
2627
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ nucleus ุณู„ู‘ู‡ุง indentation ูˆ until
2628
+
2629
+ 658
2630
+ 00:56:01,740 --> 00:56:04,280
2631
+ thin strand of membrane
2632
+
2633
+ 659
2634
+ 00:56:10,160 --> 00:56:15,460
2635
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุตู„ุงุช ู„-segments ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
2636
+
2637
+ 660
2638
+ 00:56:15,460 --> 00:56:19,740
2639
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ nucleus ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ segments
2640
+
2641
+ 661
2642
+ 00:56:19,740 --> 00:56:24,400
2643
+ ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ุฉ ุจ-filaments ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ continuous
2644
+
2645
+ 662
2646
+ 00:56:24,400 --> 00:56:30,420
2647
+ indentation ู„ู„ nucleus ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู†ุถูˆุฌ
2648
+
2649
+ 663
2650
+ 00:56:30,420 --> 00:56:33,040
2651
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ multi
2652
+
2653
+ 664
2654
+ 00:56:33,040 --> 00:56:38,440
2655
+ -segmented ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง poly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฑูู„
2656
+
2657
+ 665
2658
+ 00:56:38,440 --> 00:56:46,660
2659
+ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ many shaped nucleus ูˆ
2660
+
2661
+ 666
2662
+ 00:56:46,660 --> 00:56:51,740
2663
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง PMN cell is completely functional ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
2664
+
2665
+ 667
2666
+ 00:56:51,740 --> 00:56:58,700
2667
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจ spend time in the storage pool of the
2668
+
2669
+ 668
2670
+ 00:56:58,700 --> 00:57:02,680
2671
+ bone marrow as well as the marginating and
2672
+
2673
+ 669
2674
+ 00:57:02,680 --> 00:57:06,520
2675
+ circulating bone ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุชุดูƒู„ ุฎู…ุณูŠู†
2676
+
2677
+ 670
2678
+ 00:57:06,520 --> 00:57:11,470
2679
+ ู„ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ู† circulating white piecesุจุชู‚ุนุฏ
2680
+
2681
+ 671
2682
+ 00:57:11,470 --> 00:57:16,910
2683
+ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ
2684
+
2685
+ 672
2686
+ 00:57:16,910 --> 00:57:20,770
2687
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ phagocytosis and pinocytosis ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ูุฑู‚
2688
+
2689
+ 673
2690
+ 00:57:20,770 --> 00:57:26,530
2691
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† phagocytosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู„ุน ุฃูƒู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
2692
+
2693
+ 674
2694
+ 00:57:26,530 --> 00:57:33,670
2695
+ ุงู„ pinocytosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุฑุจ ู…ุงุดูŠ pino ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุดุฑุจ ุฃูˆ
2696
+
2697
+ 675
2698
+ 00:57:33,670 --> 00:57:37,270
2699
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจู„ูˆุนุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2700
+
2701
+ 676
2702
+ 00:57:37,270 --> 00:57:43,310
2703
+ ู…ุจู„ูˆุนุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุตู„ุจุฉูŠุนู†ู‰ phagocytosis involve large
2704
+
2705
+ 677
2706
+ 00:57:43,310 --> 00:57:47,570
2707
+ material and can observe .. be observed with light
2708
+
2709
+ 678
2710
+ 00:57:47,570 --> 00:57:51,930
2711
+ microscopy ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุงู„ pinocytosis involve small
2712
+
2713
+ 679
2714
+ 00:57:51,930 --> 00:57:55,690
2715
+ material ุจุงู„ุจู†ุจุบูˆุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
2716
+
2717
+ 680
2718
+ 00:57:55,690 --> 00:58:02,050
2719
+ ุจุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญุชูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง in
2720
+
2721
+ 681
2722
+ 00:58:02,050 --> 00:58:07,170
2723
+ circulation ูˆ blood stream ูŠู†ุฐูุชุดูˆุงุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู
2724
+
2725
+ 682
2726
+ 00:58:07,170 --> 00:58:11,130
2727
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุฉ ุชูƒุณุจ ู†ูŠุงุชุฑุงููŠู„ ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
2728
+
2729
+ 683
2730
+ 00:58:11,130 --> 00:58:14,950
2731
+ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† pluripotent stem cell ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
2732
+
2733
+ 684
2734
+ 00:58:14,950 --> 00:58:19,740
2735
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ progenitor cell ุซู…morphologically
2736
+
2737
+ 685
2738
+ 00:58:19,740 --> 00:58:24,400
2739
+ recognizable cell ุฏูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠู‡ุงุด ุงู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุณู†ุฉ ู†ู‚ูˆู„
2740
+
2741
+ 686
2742
+ 00:58:24,400 --> 00:58:28,120
2743
+ myeloplastูŠุจุฑูˆู† myelocyte ุซู… myelocyte ุซู…
2744
+
2745
+ 687
2746
+ 00:58:28,120 --> 00:58:32,420
2747
+ metamyelocyte ูˆ band ูˆ segment ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ
2748
+
2749
+ 688
2750
+ 00:58:32,420 --> 00:58:36,220
2751
+ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุณุชุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑ ุงูŠุงู… ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
2752
+
2753
+ 689
2754
+ 00:58:36,220 --> 00:58:38,400
2755
+ peripheral circulation ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral
2756
+
2757
+ 690
2758
+ 00:58:38,400 --> 00:58:43,660
2759
+ circulation ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two pool ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ circulating
2760
+
2761
+ 691
2762
+ 00:58:43,660 --> 00:58:46,760
2763
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† white blood cell is circulating ูˆ dim
2764
+
2765
+ 692
2766
+ 00:58:46,760 --> 00:58:51,490
2767
+ bloodูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ marginating ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
2768
+
2769
+ 693
2770
+ 00:58:51,490 --> 00:58:55,450
2771
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ุฒู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆุนุงุก ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
2772
+
2773
+ 694
2774
+ 00:58:55,450 --> 00:59:03,630
2775
+ marginating pool ูˆุงู„ุชู…ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุญุชูˆูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
2776
+
2777
+ 695
2778
+ 00:59:03,630 --> 00:59:09,370
2779
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู… ุทุงู„ุน ู†ุงุฒู„ ููŠ
2780
+
2781
+ 696
2782
+ 00:59:09,370 --> 00:59:14,150
2783
+ continuous exchange between marginating ูˆbetween
2784
+
2785
+ 697
2786
+ 00:59:14,150 --> 00:59:20,950
2787
+ circulatingูˆุฅู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนุฏ ุงู„ white pieces ุจู†ุนุฏ
2788
+
2789
+ 698
2790
+ 00:59:20,950 --> 00:59:24,710
2791
+ ู†ุต ุงู„ white pieces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ circulating white
2792
+
2793
+ 699
2794
+ 00:59:24,710 --> 00:59:30,670
2795
+ pieces ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral blood ู…ู† 6 ู„
2796
+
2797
+ 700
2798
+ 00:59:30,670 --> 00:59:37,080
2799
+ 10 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุฏุนูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ infection ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2800
+
2801
+ 701
2802
+ 00:59:37,080 --> 00:59:41,540
2803
+ ู‚ุชู„ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ phagocytosis ูุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ู…ุง
2804
+
2805
+ 702
2806
+ 00:59:41,540 --> 00:59:46,360
2807
+ ุงุณุชุฏุนูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุด ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅุฐุง
2808
+
2809
+ 703
2810
+ 00:59:46,360 --> 00:59:50,920
2811
+ ู…ุงููŠุด antigenุงุช ุงู„ life span ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ูˆู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
2812
+
2813
+ 704
2814
+ 00:59:50,920 --> 00:59:55,780
2815
+ ุญุงุฌุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ regulating factors ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
2816
+
2817
+ 705
2818
+ 00:59:55,780 --> 00:59:59,820
2819
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ
2820
+
2821
+ 706
2822
+ 00:59:59,820 --> 01:00:04,460
2823
+ ุงู„ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง stem cell factor ุงู† ุงู„ูƒูˆ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
2824
+
2825
+ 707
2826
+ 01:00:04,460 --> 01:00:09,380
2827
+ myeloblast ูู‚ุท ุจูŠุดุงุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุขูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุซู…
2828
+
2829
+ 708
2830
+ 01:00:09,380 --> 01:00:14,580
2831
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ GMCSF ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุดุงุฑูƒูˆุง
2832
+
2833
+ 709
2834
+ 01:00:14,580 --> 01:00:19,960
2835
+ GCSF ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง
2836
+
2837
+ 710
2838
+ 01:00:19,960 --> 01:00:24,330
2839
+ ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„kinetic ofุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Neutrophil ุฃูˆ
2840
+
2841
+ 711
2842
+ 01:00:24,330 --> 01:00:28,230
2843
+ Gramminocytes ู†ูˆุน
2844
+
2845
+ 712
2846
+ 01:00:28,230 --> 01:00:31,330
2847
+ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ monocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุชู‚ู„
2848
+
2849
+ 713
2850
+ 01:00:31,330 --> 01:00:36,470
2851
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ macro fish monocyte macro fish
2852
+
2853
+ 714
2854
+ 01:00:36,470 --> 01:00:43,350
2855
+ ุงู„ mature from monoblast to promonocyte ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ
2856
+
2857
+ 715
2858
+ 01:00:43,350 --> 01:00:48,250
2859
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood as monocyte ุซู… ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชู‡ุงุฌุฑ
2860
+
2861
+ 716
2862
+ 01:00:48,250 --> 01:00:54,490
2863
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ tissue as ุฅู…ุง freeูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ or fixed
2864
+
2865
+ 717
2866
+ 01:00:54,490 --> 01:00:59,250
2867
+ macrophage ู„ูƒู† mechanism of commitment ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
2868
+
2869
+ 718
2870
+ 01:00:59,250 --> 01:01:05,410
2871
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุจู†ุนุฑูุด ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท ู…ู†
2872
+
2873
+ 719
2874
+ 01:01:05,410 --> 01:01:10,730
2875
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ granular content vary considerably with
2876
+
2877
+ 720
2878
+ 01:01:10,730 --> 01:01:15,680
2879
+ more than 50 secretorycompounds having been
2880
+
2881
+ 721
2882
+ 01:01:15,680 --> 01:01:23,140
2883
+ identified ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช
2884
+
2885
+ 722
2886
+ 01:01:23,140 --> 01:01:28,830
2887
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ granules ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงุจูˆู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฑู ุจุฑูŠูุฑุงู„ ุจู„ุฏ
2888
+
2889
+ 723
2890
+ 01:01:28,830 --> 01:01:34,070
2891
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆุณุงูŠุช ุชุดูƒู„ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชุชุดูƒู„ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุฏู‡
2892
+
2893
+ 724
2894
+ 01:01:34,070 --> 01:01:37,890
2895
+ ูˆุถุน ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ุช immature ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
2896
+
2897
+ 725
2898
+ 01:01:37,890 --> 01:01:40,810
2899
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุงุฑูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูุฑุงู„
2900
+
2901
+ 726
2902
+ 01:01:40,810 --> 01:01:44,830
2903
+ ุจู„ุฏ as immature form ุฅุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชุชู‚ู„ุชุด ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุตู„ุฉ
2904
+
2905
+ 727
2906
+ 01:01:44,830 --> 01:01:51,370
2907
+ maturation ูˆ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ macrophage ู…ูˆู†ูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู„
2908
+
2909
+ 728
2910
+ 01:01:51,370 --> 01:01:57,970
2911
+ nucleus is intended ู†ุทูˆูŠุฉ or curvedูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู†ุจุนุงุฌ
2912
+
2913
+ 729
2914
+ 01:01:57,970 --> 01:02:03,350
2915
+ ููŠู‡ุง or cured ูˆ ุงู„ chromatin that is lazy ูˆ ุงู„
2916
+
2917
+ 730
2918
+ 01:02:03,350 --> 01:02:09,510
2919
+ small clumps lazy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ..ูŠุนู†ูŠ homogeneous ูู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
2920
+
2921
+ 731
2922
+ 01:02:09,510 --> 01:02:13,730
2923
+ ุชูƒุชู„ุงุช ููŠู‡ุง typically the largest cell ู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
2924
+
2925
+ 732
2926
+ 01:02:13,730 --> 01:02:16,350
2927
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral blood ูˆ ุฃุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฑุฌู‰ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
2928
+
2929
+ 733
2930
+ 01:02:16,350 --> 01:02:22,870
2931
+ ุฃูƒุฏู„ูƒูˆุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง immature ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุงู„ุณูŠุทูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…
2932
+
2933
+ 734
2934
+ 01:02:22,870 --> 01:02:26,690
2935
+ ู…ู„ูŠุฆ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ
2936
+
2937
+ 735
2938
+ 01:02:26,690 --> 01:02:31,290
2939
+ ู…ุธู„ู…ุฉุŒ ู…ุธู„ู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุบูŠู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุณูŠุทูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
2940
+
2941
+ 736
2942
+ 01:02:31,290 --> 01:02:38,190
2943
+ ุณูŠุทูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุจุฑูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ุณูˆุฏูˆ ุจูˆุฏุŒ
2944
+
2945
+ 737
2946
+ 01:02:38,190 --> 01:02:43,330
2947
+ ูˆูุงูƒูˆุณุชูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠูƒูŠ
2948
+
2949
+ 738
2950
+ 01:02:44,710 --> 01:02:46,970
2951
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ monoblast
2952
+
2953
+ 739
2954
+ 01:02:46,970 --> 01:02:52,990
2955
+ ู„ุจุฑูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุณุงูŠุชุณ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ุซู… ุจุชู†ุฒู„
2956
+
2957
+ 740
2958
+ 01:02:52,990 --> 01:02:56,930
2959
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ peripheral blood as monocyte ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ู…ู† 3 ู„
2960
+
2961
+ 741
2962
+ 01:02:56,930 --> 01:03:00,190
2963
+ 8 ุณุงุนุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral blood ุซู… ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
2964
+
2965
+ 742
2966
+ 01:03:00,190 --> 01:03:04,230
2967
+ tissue ูƒุฅู…ุง mature or macrophage ุซู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ mature
2968
+
2969
+ 743
2970
+ 01:03:04,230 --> 01:03:09,410
2971
+ or macrophage ูˆ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุฅู…ุง free or fixed
2972
+
2973
+ 744
2974
+ 01:03:12,550 --> 01:03:17,790
2975
+ ุฃุฎุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ lymphocytes the only human
2976
+
2977
+ 745
2978
+ 01:03:17,790 --> 01:03:20,250
2979
+ white blood cell whose site of development is not
2980
+
2981
+ 746
2982
+ 01:03:20,250 --> 01:03:23,950
2983
+ just bone marrow ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุฏูˆุฌู‡ุง
2984
+
2985
+ 747
2986
+ 01:03:23,950 --> 01:03:29,010
2987
+ ุฃูˆ ู†ุดูˆู‚ุฉ sorry ู†ุฏูˆุฌู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow
2988
+
2989
+ 748
2990
+ 01:03:29,010 --> 01:03:38,970
2991
+ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู„ูƒู† tissue referred to as primary and
2992
+
2993
+ 749
2994
+ 01:03:38,970 --> 01:03:42,960
2995
+ secondary lymphoid organs ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุฅู† ุงู„ primary
2996
+
2997
+ 750
2998
+ 01:03:42,960 --> 01:03:46,120
2999
+ lymphoid organs ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ primary lymphoid
3000
+
3001
+ 751
3002
+ 01:03:46,120 --> 01:03:50,880
3003
+ organs ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ูˆ ุงู„ thymus
3004
+
3005
+ 752
3006
+ 01:03:50,880 --> 01:03:55,300
3007
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู† other secondary ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„
3008
+
3009
+ 753
3010
+ 01:03:55,300 --> 01:03:58,760
3011
+ lymph nodes ูˆ ุงู„ spleen ูˆ ุงู„ kiss patches ูˆ
3012
+
3013
+ 754
3014
+ 01:03:58,760 --> 01:04:02,980
3015
+ ุงู„waldemeier ring ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุฏุชู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ anatomy ูƒู„ู‡
3016
+
3017
+ 755
3018
+ 01:04:02,980 --> 01:04:07,190
3019
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† secondary lymphoid organsุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
3020
+
3021
+ 756
3022
+ 01:04:07,190 --> 01:04:12,030
3023
+ Infocyte ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุจุชู†ุดุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ุซู… ููŠ
3024
+
3025
+ 757
3026
+ 01:04:12,030 --> 01:04:15,530
3027
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ bone marrow ูˆ ุชุฑูˆุญ
3028
+
3029
+ 758
3030
+ 01:04:15,530 --> 01:04:21,230
3031
+ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ thymus ุงูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ T cell ุงู„ B ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
3032
+
3033
+ 759
3034
+ 01:04:21,230 --> 01:04:24,890
3035
+ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจูŠุถู„ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ูˆ ูŠู†ุฏุฑุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ bone
3036
+
3037
+ 760
3038
+ 01:04:24,890 --> 01:04:27,490
3039
+ marrow ูˆ ูŠู†ุฏุฑุฌ ููŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrowุทุจุนุง
3040
+
3041
+ 761
3042
+ 01:04:27,490 --> 01:04:30,310
3043
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฌูˆุง ูˆ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูˆุฏู…ุงุฑ ูˆ
3044
+
3045
+ 762
3046
+ 01:04:30,310 --> 01:04:32,930
3047
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซุงูŠู…ุณ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„
3048
+
3049
+ 763
3050
+ 01:04:32,930 --> 01:04:35,550
3051
+ blood ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ secondary lymphoid organs ูˆ
3052
+
3053
+ 764
3054
+ 01:04:35,550 --> 01:04:40,690
3055
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู†ุงูƒ ุจูŠุญุงุฑุจูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ antigen ู„ุฃู† ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู…
3056
+
3057
+ 765
3058
+ 01:04:40,690 --> 01:04:45,790
3059
+ ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ lymphocytes circulate through the blood
3060
+
3061
+ 766
3062
+ 01:04:45,790 --> 01:04:49,330
3063
+ ูˆ ุงู„ both peripheral blood ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุชูˆุงู†ุฉ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ูƒู…
3064
+
3065
+ 767
3066
+ 01:04:49,330 --> 01:04:54,230
3067
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† short lived or long lived
3068
+
3069
+ 768
3070
+ 01:04:56,120 --> 01:04:59,460
3071
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ูŠุฎุชู„ูุŒ ูŠุชุจุงูŠู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒู…ู†
3072
+
3073
+ 769
3074
+ 01:04:59,460 --> 01:05:03,320
3075
+ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุŒ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชูุฑุฒู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ B
3076
+
3077
+ 770
3078
+ 01:05:03,320 --> 01:05:07,140
3079
+ -Lymphocyte ูˆููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุดุชู„ุฃ ุงู„ู€ cell mediated ู…ู†
3080
+
3081
+ 771
3082
+ 01:05:07,140 --> 01:05:12,920
3083
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€ pluripotential stem
3084
+
3085
+ 772
3086
+ 01:05:12,920 --> 01:05:19,440
3087
+ cellุŒ resultant stem cell for lymphoid cellุŒ ู‡ูŠ
3088
+
3089
+ 773
3090
+ 01:05:19,440 --> 01:05:23,440
3091
+ colon forming unit ู„ูŠู†ููˆูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ colon
3092
+
3093
+ 774
3094
+ 01:05:23,440 --> 01:05:26,020
3095
+ forming unit mature in several environmentsุŒ
3096
+
3097
+ 775
3098
+ 01:05:26,590 --> 01:05:34,870
3099
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุงู„ูƒูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ primary ู„ู„ุงู†ููˆุถ
3100
+
3101
+ 776
3102
+ 01:05:34,870 --> 01:05:39,110
3103
+ organs ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง antigen independent
3104
+
3105
+ 777
3106
+ 01:05:39,110 --> 01:05:43,430
3107
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ antigen ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ุฏูˆุฌ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
3108
+
3109
+ 778
3110
+ 01:05:43,430 --> 01:05:50,810
3111
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูุฑุงู„ ุจู„ุฏ ูˆู†ุณุจุชู‡ุง
3112
+
3113
+ 779
3114
+ 01:05:50,810 --> 01:05:55,630
3115
+ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุนู…ุฑููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ
3116
+
3117
+ 780
3118
+ 01:05:55,630 --> 01:06:06,490
3119
+ ุนู…ุฑ ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ูุตุงุฏ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ the
3120
+
3121
+ 781
3122
+ 01:06:06,490 --> 01:06:10,050
3123
+ second most common white species ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูุฑุจู„ุจ
3124
+
3125
+ 782
3126
+ 01:06:10,050 --> 01:06:16,840
3127
+ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ู…ู† 20 ู„ 40% ู…ู† ุงู„ white speciesุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ
3128
+
3129
+ 783
3130
+ 01:06:16,840 --> 01:06:20,740
3131
+ .. ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ B
3132
+
3133
+ 784
3134
+ 01:06:20,740 --> 01:06:25,160
3135
+ -lymphocyte ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ูˆ T-lymphocytes ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
3136
+
3137
+ 785
3138
+ 01:06:25,160 --> 01:06:30,300
3139
+ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง lymphoblasts to pro-lymphocytes
3140
+
3141
+ 786
3142
+ 01:06:30,300 --> 01:06:35,640
3143
+ lymphoblast ุฃุตุบุฑู‡ู… ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ู„ุชู…ู†ุชุงุด round to oval
3144
+
3145
+ 787
3146
+ 01:06:35,640 --> 01:06:39,920
3147
+ lose chromatin with one or more active nuclei
3148
+
3149
+ 788
3150
+ 01:06:41,650 --> 01:06:47,730
3151
+ scanty ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pro
3152
+
3153
+ 789
3154
+ 01:06:47,730 --> 01:06:51,710
3155
+ lymphocytes difficult to distinguish ุนู† ุงู„
3156
+
3157
+ 790
3158
+ 01:06:51,710 --> 01:06:59,710
3159
+ lymphocyte ุณุจุชู„ changes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุตุนุจุฉ more
3160
+
3161
+ 791
3162
+ 01:06:59,710 --> 01:07:04,170
3163
+ clumped chromatins lessening nuclear prominence
3164
+
3165
+ 792
3166
+ 01:07:04,170 --> 01:07:09,460
3167
+ change in thickness of the nucleiูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„
3168
+
3169
+ 793
3170
+ 01:07:09,460 --> 01:07:13,320
3171
+ lymphopoiesis ู‡ุฏุง ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ุจุชู†ุฏุฌ ูƒู„
3172
+
3173
+ 794
3174
+ 01:07:13,320 --> 01:07:18,500
3175
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุน other cells ุซู… ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ stem cell
3176
+
3177
+ 795
3178
+ 01:07:18,500 --> 01:07:25,160
3179
+ lymphoid ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ stem cell ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ B
3180
+
3181
+ 796
3182
+ 01:07:25,160 --> 01:07:30,060
3183
+ cell ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ T cell ุงู„ B cell ุจุฑูˆ ุจูŠู‡
3184
+
3185
+ 797
3186
+ 01:07:30,060 --> 01:07:34,420
3187
+ ุจูŠู†ุฏุฌ ู„ ุจุฑูŠ ุจูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุทู„ุน ูƒุฃูŠ mature ุจูŠู‡ ุซู…
3188
+
3189
+ 798
3190
+ 01:07:34,420 --> 01:07:39,470
3191
+ mature ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูุฑุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ุจูŠู†ู…ุงุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู€
3192
+
3193
+ 799
3194
+ 01:07:39,470 --> 01:07:43,990
3195
+ thymus ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุถูˆุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน
3196
+
3197
+ 800
3198
+ 01:07:43,990 --> 01:07:48,770
3199
+ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู…ุง CD4 ูˆ ุงู…ุง CD8 ุงู„ุจูŠุณู„ ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู†ูˆุงุน
3200
+
3201
+ 801
3202
+ 01:07:48,770 --> 01:07:52,810
3203
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุชูŠุณู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ different
3204
+
3205
+ 802
3206
+ 01:07:52,810 --> 01:07:58,090
3207
+ types of ash ุงูˆ ุชูŠุณู„ ุงุฎุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ูˆุงุน ู‡ูˆ
3208
+
3209
+ 803
3210
+ 01:07:58,090 --> 01:08:05,060
3211
+ thrombopoiesis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู€ plateletูƒูŠู
3212
+
3213
+ 804
3214
+ 01:08:05,060 --> 01:08:11,460
3215
+ ุจุชุชู…ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูƒู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠ
3216
+
3217
+ 805
3218
+ 01:08:11,460 --> 01:08:14,880
3219
+ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€platelet ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€primary
3220
+
3221
+ 806
3222
+ 01:08:14,880 --> 01:08:17,720
3223
+ hemostasis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ุนุจุฏุงู„ุฌุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู„ุจ
3224
+
3225
+ 807
3226
+ 01:08:17,720 --> 01:08:22,320
3227
+ ุงู„ life span ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑ ุฃูŠุงู…
3228
+
3229
+ 808
3230
+ 01:08:24,050 --> 01:08:29,170
3231
+ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ as if fragmented of cytoplasm ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
3232
+
3233
+ 809
3234
+ 01:08:29,170 --> 01:08:33,030
3235
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ megakaryocytes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ุทูˆุฆุงุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
3236
+
3237
+ 810
3238
+ 01:08:33,030 --> 01:08:39,670
3239
+ fragments ู…ู† ุงู„ megakaryocyte cytoplasm ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
3240
+
3241
+ 811
3242
+ 01:08:39,670 --> 01:08:46,550
3243
+ ุจุชุชู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุด ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
3244
+
3245
+ 812
3246
+ 01:08:46,550 --> 01:08:50,830
3247
+ endomyotic replication process ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ endomyotic
3248
+
3249
+ 813
3250
+ 01:08:50,830 --> 01:08:55,190
3251
+ replicationุŸ ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุด ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
3252
+
3253
+ 814
3254
+ 01:08:55,190 --> 01:09:02,070
3255
+ ุจุชุชูƒ .. ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ุตูŠุฑ ููŠ replication ู„ู„ DNA ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
3256
+
3257
+ 815
3258
+ 01:09:02,070 --> 01:09:13,280
3259
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชูƒุจุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ cytoplasm ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠูƒุจุฑูˆ
3260
+
3261
+ 816
3262
+ 01:09:13,280 --> 01:09:19,380
3263
+ ู‡ุฏุง ู‡ูŠ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุฏุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุซู… ูƒุจุฑุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ
3264
+
3265
+ 817
3266
+ 01:09:19,380 --> 01:09:23,420
3267
+ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ DNA ุจุฏุฃ ุจูˆุงุญุฉ ุซู… ุตุงุฑู„ู‡
3268
+
3269
+ 818
3270
+ 01:09:23,420 --> 01:09:28,480
3271
+ replication ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุถู„
3272
+
3273
+ 819
3274
+ 01:09:28,480 --> 01:09:33,400
3275
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชูƒุจุฑ ูˆ ุช .. ูˆ ุชูƒุจุฑ ูˆ ุช .. ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง .. ู‡ุฏุง
3276
+
3277
+ 820
3278
+ 01:09:33,400 --> 01:09:37,460
3279
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒุจุฑุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
3280
+
3281
+ 821
3282
+ 01:09:37,460 --> 01:09:43,360
3283
+ ุจุชู†ูุฌุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
3284
+
3285
+ 822
3286
+ 01:09:43,360 --> 01:09:47,260
3287
+ fragments of cytoplasm ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
3288
+
3289
+ 823
3290
+ 01:09:47,260 --> 01:09:52,780
3291
+ ุงู„ู€platelet ุทุจุนุง
3292
+
3293
+ 824
3294
+ 01:09:52,780 --> 01:09:55,220
3295
+ ุงู„ู€platelet ุจุณ ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€peripheral blood ุทูˆู„ุชู‡ุง
3296
+
3297
+ 825
3298
+ 01:09:55,220 --> 01:09:58,340
3299
+ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€spleen ูˆูŠุฎุฒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€spleen as reserve
3300
+
3301
+ 826
3302
+ 01:10:02,080 --> 01:10:05,020
3303
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุŸ ุฃูˆู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ
3304
+
3305
+ 827
3306
+ 01:10:05,020 --> 01:10:08,800
3307
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ stem cell ุซู… multipotent progenitor cell
3308
+
3309
+ 828
3310
+ 01:10:08,800 --> 01:10:12,620
3311
+ ุซู… committed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฒู…ุช megakaryocyte progenitor
3312
+
3313
+ 829
3314
+ 01:10:12,620 --> 01:10:16,660
3315
+ cell ุซู… immature megakaryocyte ุซู… mature
3316
+
3317
+ 830
3318
+ 01:10:16,660 --> 01:10:20,580
3319
+ megakaryocyte ูˆู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุช mature ุจุชู†ูุฌุฑ ูˆ ุจุชุฏู†ูŠุงุด
3320
+
3321
+ 831
3322
+ 01:10:20,580 --> 01:10:24,140
3323
+ ุงู„ platelet ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชุดู‡ุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
3324
+
3325
+ 832
3326
+ 01:10:24,140 --> 01:10:28,440
3327
+ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ cytokine ุฃูˆ ุงู„
3328
+
3329
+ 833
3330
+ 01:10:28,440 --> 01:10:32,300
3331
+ regulators ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
3332
+
3333
+ 834
3334
+ 01:10:32,300 --> 01:10:39,600
3335
+ thrombobiotin ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฅูŠุด ุฏูˆุฑ
3336
+
3337
+ 835
3338
+ 01:10:39,600 --> 01:10:44,560
3339
+ ุงู„ IL-1ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ IL-1 ู‡ุฐุง cytokine ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
3340
+
3341
+ 836
3342
+ 01:10:44,560 --> 01:10:50,900
3343
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู…ุนุธู… ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู…ุนุธู…
3344
+
3345
+ 837
3346
+ 01:10:50,900 --> 01:10:55,040
3347
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ูู‡ูŠ ุฃุดุชุบู„ ุฏูˆุฉ IL-1 ู…ู†
3348
+
3349
+ 838
3350
+ 01:10:55,040 --> 01:11:01,410
3351
+ .. ู…ุงุดูŠุŸุฏุงู†ูŠ telephocyte ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ูŠู„ูˆุงู†ุŒ ุฏุงู†ูŠ
3352
+
3353
+ 839
3354
+ 01:11:01,410 --> 01:11:07,450
3355
+ encysalุŒ ุฏุงู†ูŠ neutrophilุŒ ุฏุงู†ูŠ muscle cellุŒ ุฏุงู†ูŠ
3356
+
3357
+ 840
3358
+ 01:11:07,450 --> 01:11:12,330
3359
+ brain cellุŒ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ the father of
3360
+
3361
+ 841
3362
+ 01:11:12,330 --> 01:11:19,770
3363
+ cytokine ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ summary ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
3364
+
3365
+ 842
3366
+ 01:11:19,770 --> 01:11:24,600
3367
+ ุชุงุจุนุชูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูˆ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ู„ุนูŠุด
3368
+
3369
+ 843
3370
+ 01:11:24,600 --> 01:11:28,460
3371
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฏุฑุฉ normal hemopause is necessary for
3372
+
3373
+ 844
3374
+ 01:11:28,460 --> 01:11:33,000
3375
+ survival ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ for survival ูˆุฅู„ุง ุจุฏูˆู†
3376
+
3377
+ 845
3378
+ 01:11:33,000 --> 01:11:37,060
3379
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุญูŠุงุฉ it's under the
3380
+
3381
+ 846
3382
+ 01:11:37,060 --> 01:11:39,980
3383
+ control of multiple factors ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
3384
+
3385
+ 847
3386
+ 01:11:39,980 --> 01:11:44,120
3387
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนูŠุด ุจุชุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ normal bone
3388
+
3389
+ 848
3390
+ 01:11:44,120 --> 01:11:46,980
3391
+ marrow environment is necessary ุงู„ู‡ุง normal bone
3392
+
3393
+ 849
3394
+ 01:11:46,980 --> 01:11:51,900
3395
+ .. ุงู„ู‡ุง micro environment ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸุซู…
3396
+
3397
+ 850
3398
+ 01:11:51,900 --> 01:11:56,100
3399
+ Decrease production results in cytopenia ู…ุงููŠุด
3400
+
3401
+ 851
3402
+ 01:11:56,100 --> 01:11:59,620
3403
+ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
3404
+
3405
+ 852
3406
+ 01:11:59,620 --> 01:12:05,740
3407
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง cyto ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ penia ู‚ู„ุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ cytopenia
3408
+
3409
+ 853
3410
+ 01:12:05,740 --> 01:12:14,180
3411
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ hemopoietic ู…ุงุดูŠ characteristic feature ูู‚ุท
3412
+
3413
+ 854
3414
+ 01:12:14,180 --> 01:12:19,560
3415
+ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
3416
+
3417
+ 855
3418
+ 01:12:23,880 --> 01:12:27,700
3419
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฏุฌุฉุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชู†ุถุฌุŒ ุจุชุตุบุฑ.
3420
+
3421
+ 856
3422
+ 01:12:29,000 --> 01:12:32,100
3423
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฏุฌุฉุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€cytoplasm ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆ
3424
+
3425
+ 857
3426
+ 01:12:32,100 --> 01:12:37,400
3427
+ ุฃุฒุฑู‚ุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุชู†ุถุฌุŒ ุจูŠู‚ู„ุŒ ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ูˆู†ู‡
3428
+
3429
+ 858
3430
+ 01:12:37,400 --> 01:12:41,980
3431
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ูˆู† ุจู†ูƒุฑุฉุŒ ุนุณู… ุงู„ู€Metal ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจ ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑ. ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ
3432
+
3433
+ 859
3434
+ 01:12:41,980 --> 01:12:45,920
3435
+ ู…ุฑุช ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ. ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉุŒ
3436
+
3437
+ 860
3438
+ 01:12:45,920 --> 01:12:50,080
3439
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€nucleus ูˆ ุงู„ู€nucleoliููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ
3440
+
3441
+ 861
3442
+ 01:12:50,080 --> 01:12:53,500
3443
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุงุญุช ุงู„ู€Nucleus ู…ู† ุฃุตู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€RBC ูˆู‡ุง ูƒุฐุง
3444
+
3445
+ 862
3446
+ 01:12:53,500 --> 01:12:57,500
3447
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุถุฌุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€size ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ููŠ
3448
+
3449
+ 863
3450
+ 01:12:57,500 --> 01:13:01,520
3451
+ ุงู„ู€nucleus shape ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€cytoplasm content
3452
+
3453
+ 864
3454
+ 01:13:01,520 --> 01:13:08,340
3455
+ and shape ูˆุฏูˆู… ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช one by one ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช large
3456
+
3457
+ 865
3458
+ 01:13:08,340 --> 01:13:13,260
3459
+ ูˆุตุงุฑุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€nucleoli ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุทู„ุช
3460
+
3461
+ 866
3462
+ 01:13:13,260 --> 01:13:16,200
3463
+ ุงู„ู€nucleus ุณูˆุฑูŠุงู†ูŠ
3464
+
3465
+ 867
3466
+ 01:13:20,100 --> 01:13:25,620
3467
+ Disappear.Cytoplasm thinning ูƒุงู† ุฏูŠ ุจูู„ูˆุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
3468
+
3469
+ 868
3470
+ 01:13:25,620 --> 01:13:31,760
3471
+ ู‡ูˆ various color ุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ.Formation of
3472
+
3473
+ 869
3474
+ 01:13:31,760 --> 01:13:35,260
3475
+ granules ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠ ู„ูŠุณูŠ ุซู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ condensed.
3476
+
3477
+ 870
3478
+ 01:13:36,400 --> 01:13:41,500
3479
+ Mitosis ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆุจุฏุฃุด ุงู„ mitotic activity ูŠุชู‚ู„.
3480
+
3481
+ 871
3482
+ 01:13:44,270 --> 01:13:48,390
3483
+ monophyletic theory of cell formation ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช
3484
+
3485
+ 872
3486
+ 01:13:48,390 --> 01:13:53,570
3487
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทูˆู‡ุง ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ hemopoiesis ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง
3488
+
3489
+ 873
3490
+ 01:13:53,570 --> 01:14:00,710
3491
+ monophyletic ูˆุถุนูŠูู„ุชูƒ ุซู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tri ุงูˆ poly
3492
+
3493
+ 874
3494
+ 01:14:00,710 --> 01:14:05,310
3495
+ monophyletic theory ุงูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
3496
+
3497
+ 875
3498
+ 01:14:05,310 --> 01:14:09,870
3499
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stem cell ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง
3500
+
3501
+ 876
3502
+ 01:14:09,870 --> 01:14:13,720
3503
+ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุถุนูŠูู„ุชูƒ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู†ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
3504
+
3505
+ 877
3506
+ 01:14:13,720 --> 01:14:20,560
3507
+ ุฃุณุงุณู‡ู… ุฎุงู„ูŠุชูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุดูŠูˆุนุง ูˆ
3508
+
3509
+ 878
3510
+ 01:14:20,560 --> 01:14:24,480
3511
+ ุชู‚ุจู„ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ monophoretic theory ุฃู†
3512
+
3513
+ 879
3514
+ 01:14:24,480 --> 01:14:28,160
3515
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
3516
+
3517
+ 880
3518
+ 01:14:28,160 --> 01:14:32,220
3519
+ ุดุฑุญู†ุง ุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุฎุงู„ุชูŠู† monomyloid ูˆู„ูŠูƒููˆูŠุฏ ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
3520
+
3521
+ 881
3522
+ 01:14:32,220 --> 01:14:39,080
3523
+ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ู„ูƒู… ุงู† ุดุงุก
3524
+
3525
+ 882
3526
+ 01:14:39,080 --> 01:14:45,570
3527
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุงู„ .. ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชู…ุชุนุชูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆ
3528
+
3529
+ 883
3530
+ 01:14:45,570 --> 01:14:51,350
3531
+ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุชุงุจุนุชูˆู†ูŠ ูˆุงุณุชูˆุนุจุชู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
3532
+
3533
+ 884
3534
+ 01:14:51,350 --> 01:14:58,770
3535
+ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ูู‚ุฏ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ููˆุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุง
3536
+
3537
+ 885
3538
+ 01:14:58,770 --> 01:15:01,610
3539
+ ุจู†ูุน ู†ุณูŠุจู‡ุง ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุดูƒุฑุง
3540
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/Nh8KT__vN5w_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2056 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,650 --> 00:00:05,710
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ู„ุง ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ acute
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:05,710 --> 00:00:09,810
7
+ leukemia ูƒู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ acute myeloid
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,810 --> 00:00:15,530
11
+ leukemia ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุณู…ู‰ acute granulocytic
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:15,530 --> 00:00:20,630
15
+ leukemia ุชู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ 8 ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:20,630 --> 00:00:26,010
19
+ classification ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุชูŠู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ ุจูˆู…
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:26,010 --> 00:00:29,610
23
+ ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช morphology morphology of the cell ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,610 --> 00:00:34,190
27
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† degree of cell maturation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆูŠู† ูˆุตู„ุช
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:34,190 --> 00:00:37,890
31
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ maturation ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ cytochemical
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:37,890 --> 00:00:41,730
35
+ staining ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุฏุฏ which type ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:41,730 --> 00:00:48,150
39
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฑุจุน immune ูˆ phenotyping ูˆ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:48,150 --> 00:00:52,900
43
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ cytogeneticุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:52,900 --> 00:00:57,720
47
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ู† ุณุจุน ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุซู… ุงุถุงููˆุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู…ู† ูˆู‡ูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,720 --> 00:01:02,820
51
+ M0 ู‡ู† ุจุฏูŠู„ ู…ู† M1 ูˆุงู„ู€ M1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ without
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:02,820 --> 00:01:10,120
55
+ maturation myeloplastic cell withoutmaturation
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:10,120 --> 00:01:16,380
59
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ู†ุถูˆุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู„
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,380 --> 00:01:19,880
63
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:19,880 --> 00:01:24,900
67
+ ุงู„ plus ูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ bromelocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:24,900 --> 00:01:30,120
71
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ acute
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:35,680
75
+ leukemia of this type ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ all
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:36,180
79
+ people
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:45,040 --> 00:01:51,560
83
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุจู„ุงุณุช ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑู‡ุงู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:51,560 --> 00:01:58,000
87
+ ุบู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ู…ุฎ ุฏู‡ ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆููŠู‡ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:03,660
91
+ ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆ ู„ุงูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆ ู„ุงูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:03,660 --> 00:02:09,030
95
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฏุงุชูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:09,030 --> 00:02:14,730
99
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุนู† ุฃูŠ ูˆุถูˆุญ ู…ู† ุฌู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:14,730 --> 00:02:20,570
103
+ chromatin material is homogeneous ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ู„ุณุงุชู‡
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:20,570 --> 00:02:33,100
107
+ soft ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ cytoplasm ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:33,100 --> 00:02:36,480
111
+ our root body ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ granulocytic
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:40,200
115
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ our root body ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ alignments of
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:40,200 --> 00:02:44,160
119
+ primary granules ู…ุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ our
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:47,560
123
+ root body ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ myeloplast ุนู† ุงู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:47,560 --> 00:02:53,960
127
+ lymphoplast ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ุฌุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ M2 ู…ุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:53,960 --> 00:03:01,390
131
+ maturation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:01,390 --> 00:03:06,950
135
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู†ุถูˆุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:06,950 --> 00:03:10,250
139
+ ู„ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุชุณุนูŠู† plus ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:10,250 --> 00:03:14,810
143
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฑูˆู…ูŠู„ูˆุณุงูŠุฏุณ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:14,810 --> 00:03:19,850
147
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุฏุงุก cytogenetic ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:19,850 --> 00:03:22,990
151
+ chromosome of abnormality ุงูˆ translocation ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:22,990 --> 00:03:27,960
155
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒุฑูˆู…ุฒูˆู… ุงู„ุงุจ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:27,960 --> 00:03:31,200
159
+ ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ูŠุชูŠ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:38,200
163
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจูŠุชูˆุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ M3 ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:45,900
167
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† hypergranular ุจุฑูˆู…ูŠู„ูˆุณูŠุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุงูŠุถุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:45,900 --> 00:03:53,620
171
+ ู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 30% blastูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุถ virulent than
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:53,620 --> 00:03:59,380
175
+ other form ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุฑูŠุณ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:59,380 --> 00:04:04,520
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hypo ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ median
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:11,600
183
+ age ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ white blood cell ุจุชู‚ู„ ูˆ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:17,800
187
+ ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง treatment ุจูŠุฃุฏู‰ ุงู„ release of granules
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:18,790 --> 00:04:23,970
191
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Disseminated
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:23,970 --> 00:04:29,390
195
+ Intravascular Coagulopathy ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุชุจุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:29,390 --> 00:04:34,650
199
+ bleeding ุจูŠุชุจุนู‡ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ bleeding ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู‡ุฐุง
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:34,650 --> 00:04:42,770
203
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ DIC ุจุฌู„ุทู‡ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุตูŠู ู…ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:42,770 --> 00:04:47,090
207
+ ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ M3 ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Translocation ู…ุง ุจูŠู† 15 ูˆ 17
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:48,930 --> 00:04:57,330
211
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ M2 ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ Myeloplast ูˆ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:57,330 --> 00:05:04,690
215
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ Myeloplast ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฏู‰ Myeloplast ูˆ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:04,690 --> 00:05:10,510
219
+ Bromelocytes ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุด ู…ู† ุงู„ Myeloplast
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:10,510 --> 00:05:15,230
223
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ุชูŠู† Myeloplast
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:17,090 --> 00:05:21,090
227
+ hypogranulated ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ู„ุณุงุช ูˆ ู„ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆุฒ ู„ู… ุชุธู‡ุฑ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:21,090 --> 00:05:27,490
231
+ ุจุนุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู„ู… blood film ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ููŠู‡ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ mature
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:27,490 --> 00:05:30,750
235
+ cells ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ immature cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:30,750 --> 00:05:37,750
239
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู…ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ hypergranular ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:37,750 --> 00:05:42,940
243
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ููŠ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm is granulated ุฏู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:42,940 --> 00:05:47,800
247
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† bromilocytes granulated ุจุฑุถู‡
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:53,080
251
+ granulated ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ nucleus still have
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:59,040
255
+ nucleus to cytoplasm ratio still high ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:59,040 --> 00:06:05,560
259
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ granules ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:08,600 --> 00:06:15,460
263
+ ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ M ุงูˆ micro ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงูˆ hypo granular ุจุฑูˆ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:15,460 --> 00:06:19,540
267
+ ู…ูŠู„ูˆุณูŠุชูƒู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูุฑู…ูŠุฉ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:19,540 --> 00:06:27,000
271
+ ุจู„ุงุตุฏ ูˆู†ูˆุน ุงู„ blood cell ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชู‚ู„ ูˆุฒูŠ ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:33,810
275
+ hyper granularุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ DIC ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:33,810 --> 00:06:41,230
279
+ DIC ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ subsequent bleeding ูˆ ูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:41,230 --> 00:06:47,330
283
+ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ Translocation 15-17 ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฒู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูƒู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:47,330 --> 00:06:52,990
287
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† high ูˆ granulated M4 ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:52,990 --> 00:06:59,590
291
+ Myelomonoplastic ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ู…ูŠูŠู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:01,700 --> 00:07:07,800
295
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู… ุจูˆุฑู…ุงุฑูˆ ูˆ ู…ูŠุฑูุฑุงู„ ุจู„ุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุชู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:07,800 --> 00:07:14,040
299
+ M4 ุงู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑุง ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุฑูŠ site is
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:18,620
303
+ involved ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช it's more common
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:18,620 --> 00:07:28,940
307
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ pure myeloplastic variants ุงูŠ ุดูƒู„ M3
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:31,370 --> 00:07:39,410
311
+ hypo granulated ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‚ู†ููˆุฑ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:39,410 --> 00:07:46,270
315
+ ููŠู‡ monoplast ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ myeloplast ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:46,270 --> 00:07:49,330
319
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† monoplast
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:49,330 --> 00:07:53,190
323
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† monoplast ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู…
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:53,190 --> 00:07:57,910
327
+ ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง monoplast and nucleolide ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:57,910 --> 00:07:59,550
331
+ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุงุดูŠ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:05,190 --> 00:08:11,350
335
+ M5 ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:11,350 --> 00:08:18,890
339
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ M5A ูˆ M5B ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ of
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:18,890 --> 00:08:21,690
343
+ non erythroid cell in the bone marrow are
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:21,690 --> 00:08:29,930
347
+ monocytic ูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ extensive infiltration ุจุชุบุฒูˆ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:29,930 --> 00:08:34,120
351
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉุงู„ู€ GUM ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Central Nervous
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:39,340
355
+ System ูˆ ุงู„ู€ lymph nodes ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนุงุช ุฃูƒุชุฑ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:39,340 --> 00:08:46,860
359
+ ู…ุฏุงู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุชู‡ุงุฌุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:46,860 --> 00:08:50,400
363
+ ุฌู‡ุฒู†ุง ูˆ ุชูู‚ู†ุง ู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ู„ M5A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Poorly
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:55,260
367
+ Differentiated ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆ M5B Well
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:55,260 --> 00:09:02,450
371
+ Differentiated ููŠ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆ ููŠ ู…ูŠู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชุฃู…ุณุชูƒุณ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:02,450 --> 00:09:11,690
375
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง this is rare ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:11,690 --> 00:09:16,550
379
+ ุจูˆุฌูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:16,550 --> 00:09:24,170
383
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ different phases a preponderance of
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:24,170 --> 00:09:33,030
387
+ abnormal arteroplast ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุงุฆุฏ ุซู… ุงุฑุชุฑูˆู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงูˆููŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:33,030 --> 00:09:35,350
391
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง erythroplast ูˆ mono ูˆ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:35,350 --> 00:09:39,550
395
+ myeloplast ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ preparedness of abnormal
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:39,550 --> 00:09:42,710
399
+ erythroplast ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ erythroplast ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:42,710 --> 00:09:46,810
403
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ erythroluchemia ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ both erythroplast
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:46,810 --> 00:09:50,710
407
+ ูˆ myeloplast ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช myeloplastic leukemia
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:50,710 --> 00:09:57,430
411
+ ุจุชุดุจู‡ M1 ูˆ M2 ูˆ M4 ุทุจุนุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:57,430 --> 00:10:03,730
415
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ English is commonM5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:03,730 --> 00:10:09,710
419
+ M5A
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:09,710 --> 00:10:14,970
423
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:14,970 --> 00:10:15,170
427
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:15,170 --> 00:10:15,250
431
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:15,250 --> 00:10:15,270
435
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:15,270 --> 00:10:15,730
439
+ M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:15,730 --> 00:10:26,530
443
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:26,530 --> 00:10:26,610
447
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุง
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:43,000
451
+ ู…ุด ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠู‡ erythroplast ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ู‡
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:51,480
455
+ ุงูŠุถุง erythroplast ุงูˆ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:51,480 --> 00:10:57,420
459
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุชุฉ ูƒู„ูˆ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฑูŠู„ ู„ูƒู†ู‡
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:57,420 --> 00:10:59,960
463
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง extensive proliferation of
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:59,960 --> 00:11:05,480
467
+ megakaryoplast ูˆุจู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ typical megakaryocyte
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:10,400
471
+ and thrombocytopenia ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:13,580 --> 00:11:19,320
475
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ classification ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:24,960
479
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุงุด ู…ู† ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆู„ ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ุฌู„ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:28,860
483
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช ู…ูˆุฑููˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ูˆุงุชุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ morphological
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:28,860 --> 00:11:33,240
487
+ differences between ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ different type of
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:33,240 --> 00:11:38,280
491
+ acute myelogenous leukemia ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:38,280 --> 00:11:41,920
495
+ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ classification ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cytochemistry
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:41,920 --> 00:11:45,660
499
+ ูˆ ุงู„ cytochemistry ู…ู† ุงุณู… cytochemistry ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:45,660 --> 00:11:51,560
503
+ ููŠู‡ chemical staining for staining the myeloid the
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:51,560 --> 00:11:57,040
507
+ blast cellูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ study ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูุฑู‚ between
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:57,040 --> 00:12:00,240
511
+ different types of ash of leukemia ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูˆุง
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:00,240 --> 00:12:05,340
515
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 70% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:05,340 --> 00:12:10,580
519
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 70% ู…ุน ุงู„ morphology ู…ู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:10,580 --> 00:12:14,580
523
+ ุงู„ leukemia can be classified
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:20,600
527
+ ูˆู…ู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ specialists ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ูŠ ุตุจุบุงุช
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:20,600 --> 00:12:24,700
531
+ ุจู†ุตุจุบ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:24,700 --> 00:12:30,000
535
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู…ุง ุงู„ granules ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:36,260
539
+ ุงู„ุตุจุบุงุช ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ myeloproxenase ูˆุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู†ูŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:36,260 --> 00:12:43,250
543
+ ุจู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑู‚ูˆุง ุดุนุฑ ู„ูŠู‡between acute
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:43,250 --> 00:12:46,410
547
+ lymphoplastic leukemia ูˆ acute myeloplastic
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:46,410 --> 00:12:51,830
551
+ leukemia ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ู… they are negative ููŠ acute
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:51,830 --> 00:12:57,230
555
+ lymphoplastic leukemia ูˆ positive ููŠ acute
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:57,230 --> 00:13:01,640
559
+ myelogenous leukemiaุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ specific for
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:01,640 --> 00:13:07,020
563
+ a special type of AML
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:07,020 --> 00:13:12,800
567
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ non specific esterase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ M4 M5
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:12,800 --> 00:13:17,140
571
+ it's positive in M4 M5 ูˆ ุงู„ PAS ุงูˆ periodic acid
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:17,140 --> 00:13:22,880
575
+ shift ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจู‚ ุงูˆ ุจุฏูŠู†ุง positive ููŠ ุงู„ common
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:22,880 --> 00:13:28,460
579
+ acute lymphoplastic leukemia ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ M6 ููŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:28,460 --> 00:13:35,120
583
+ ุงู„myeloidูˆุงู„ุงุณุฏ ููˆุณูุงุชูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ specific for TALL
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:40,300
587
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ T acute lymphoplastic leukemia ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุถุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:40,300 --> 00:13:46,460
591
+ ุจ plugs positive in M6 ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:46,460 --> 00:13:50,040
595
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ classification ูˆู‡ู‰
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:50,040 --> 00:13:58,040
599
+ ุฃุฏุงุกุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ immunological reaction ู…ุงุดูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:58,040 --> 00:14:05,360
603
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง immunophenotyping ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:05,360 --> 00:14:08,840
607
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… for lymphocytes
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:10,940 --> 00:14:17,040
611
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ B ูˆ T cell lineage ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:17,040 --> 00:14:22,660
615
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠู‡ุง
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:22,660 --> 00:14:31,320
619
+ monoclonal antibody against surface marker ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:31,320 --> 00:14:36,880
623
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชู‚ู†ูŠูƒ ุงู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† by using primary antibody
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:42,830
627
+ directly or indirectlyุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:42,830 --> 00:14:47,710
631
+ technique ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ุง direct anti
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:47,710 --> 00:14:50,070
635
+ -fluorescent antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง positive ุจุนู…ู„
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:50,070 --> 00:14:55,970
639
+ fluoresce ุงูˆ indirect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ by using anti
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:55,970 --> 00:15:00,150
643
+ -antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ positive for cell
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:15:00,150 --> 00:15:05,570
647
+ surface markerุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:15:05,570 --> 00:15:16,650
651
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง fluorescent dye can
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:16,650 --> 00:15:20,910
655
+ be seen by fluorescent microscope or by using flow
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:20,910 --> 00:15:25,810
659
+ cytometer ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุฎุดุด ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนู„ู‰laser beam ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:25,810 --> 00:15:31,330
663
+ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุนุฏู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ fluorescent by by tagging
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:31,330 --> 00:15:35,230
667
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด tagging ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุฏ ุจุช tag tag ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:35,230 --> 00:15:40,090
671
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ for positive or for the presence
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:40,090 --> 00:15:46,950
675
+ of surface marker ูˆู‡ูŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:46,950 --> 00:15:53,260
679
+ techniques ุงู…ุง direct antibody by usingุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:53,260 --> 00:15:59,140
683
+ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠู†ุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:59,140 --> 00:15:59,420
687
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠู†ุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:59,420 --> 00:16:00,240
691
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:00,240 --> 00:16:03,000
695
+ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:05,000
699
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:09,360
703
+ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:09,360 --> 00:16:14,270
707
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุงู„ู€ Anti-antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Anti
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:14,270 --> 00:16:18,490
711
+ -mouse Anti-body ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ secondary antibody
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:18,490 --> 00:16:23,250
715
+ ูˆ ุงู„ secondary ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† fluorinated
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:23,250 --> 00:16:28,070
719
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ุชูŠู†ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:28,070 --> 00:16:31,690
723
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ is more specific ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ it's more
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:31,690 --> 00:16:32,150
727
+ accurate
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:35,020 --> 00:16:39,820
731
+ ุฃูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณู†ุช ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณูŠุชูˆู…ูŠุชุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:39,820 --> 00:16:49,420
735
+ ุจู†ุฎุดุด ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง through a pore ูุชุญุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ by cell by
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:49,420 --> 00:16:54,640
739
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ single cell ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ laser ุจูŠู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:59,540
743
+ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ laser ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนุฏู„ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุทุน ูˆ ูƒู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:59,540 --> 00:17:07,120
747
+ ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุทุน ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงูŠุด ูƒู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุฏ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:07,120 --> 00:17:10,360
751
+ ุจู†ุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:10,360 --> 00:17:17,460
755
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง positive ุงูˆ fluorescent dye ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:17,460 --> 00:17:24,080
759
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุตุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฏู‡ ู…ุซุงู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:26,960
763
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ fluorescent ุงูˆ ุงู„ flow cytometry ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:30,620
767
+ ู‚ูŠุงุณู†ุง ู„ู„ thermal deoxy transferaseู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:30,620 --> 00:17:34,360
771
+ ุงู†ุฒูŠู† ูŠูˆู†ูŠูƒ ุฏูŠ ุงู† ุงูŠ ุจูˆู„ูŠ ู…ุงุฑูŠุฒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ stem
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:34,360 --> 00:17:39,760
775
+ cell ุงูˆ ุงู„ precursor cell of both B and T
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:44,560 --> 00:17:48,640
779
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Lymphoplasts ูˆ Lymphoplastic Leukemia ุฃูƒุชุฑ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:48,640 --> 00:17:53,860
783
+ ู…ู† 90% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ุง positive ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง we
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:53,860 --> 00:17:58,960
787
+ can use we can detect it by using appropriate
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:58,960 --> 00:18:04,600
791
+ antibody on a flow cytometry ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:04,600 --> 00:18:11,200
795
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง according to immunological approach ุงู„ู„ูŠ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:17,290
799
+ ุชูˆูŠ ุญุงูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุชูŠ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ acute myeloid
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:17,290 --> 00:18:20,970
803
+ leukemia ู…ุงุดูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:18:20,970 --> 00:18:26,750
807
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุงู„ myeloblast ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง CD13
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:26,750 --> 00:18:34,030
811
+ positive ูˆ CD33 positive ูˆ TDT negative ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงู„ูƒู…
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:18:34,030 --> 00:18:40,220
815
+ ุงู„ CD ูŠุนู†ูŠ cluster of differentiationุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุชุงุด
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:18:40,220 --> 00:18:44,960
819
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู€ Monoclonal Antibody ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฑุทู‚ ุงู„ุงุชูุงุนู„
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:53,020
823
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:53,020 --> 00:18:58,540
827
+ ุจุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ different types of cell ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:58,540 --> 00:19:02,640
831
+ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูุฑู‚ between different types of ุงูŠุด
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:19:02,640 --> 00:19:07,760
835
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ numerical techniqueู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:19:07,760 --> 00:19:14,220
839
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู…ูุฑุฒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:19:14,220 --> 00:19:14,920
843
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:19:17,660 --> 00:19:20,980
847
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Myeloplast ู…ุดุงู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:19:20,980 --> 00:19:24,340
851
+ lymphoplast ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงู„ myeloplast ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:19:24,340 --> 00:19:30,280
855
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญุฉ CD13 positive ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง CD33 positive
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:34,040
859
+ ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ TDT ุฏูˆู‡ูˆ ุชูŠุฑู…ูŠู†ุงู„ ุฏูŠูˆูƒุณูŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:34,040 --> 00:19:38,180
863
+ ุฑุงูŠุจูˆู†ูŠูˆู‡ู„ูŠูˆุชุงูŠุฏูŠู„ ุชุฑุงู†ุณูุฑูŠุฒ ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:38,180 --> 00:19:43,540
867
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ lymphoplast ู…ุด ููŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:43,540 --> 00:19:50,470
871
+ ุงู„ myeloplastุฃูŠุถุง ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ special antibody
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:50,470 --> 00:19:55,890
875
+ can be used for M6 ูˆ M7 ูู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ M6 ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:55,890 --> 00:20:00,530
879
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† glycoporin A positive ูˆ ุงู„ glycoporin A ู‡ุฐุง
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:20:00,530 --> 00:20:04,630
883
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ antigen ุชุจุน ุงู„ blood group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:20:04,630 --> 00:20:09,930
887
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง still ุจูŠูƒูˆู† positive ูˆ M7 ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:20:09,930 --> 00:20:16,980
891
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง CD 41 ูˆ CD 42 ูˆ CD 61 positiveุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:20:16,980 --> 00:20:21,200
895
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Myeloplast ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ CD 13 ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:26,080
899
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† positive TDT negative ูˆ M6 ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:31,220
903
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ุงุฌููˆุฑูŠู† A positive ูˆ M7 ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ CD 41 42
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:20:31,220 --> 00:20:36,200
907
+ 61 positive ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:20:36,200 --> 00:20:41,300
911
+ ุงู„ lymphoplastic leukemia ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:41,300 --> 00:20:47,500
915
+ ุดู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ immunophenotaping ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃูƒุชุฑู„ู„ู…ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:47,500 --> 00:20:52,140
919
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช ุดูˆ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุนุฑู ุงุญู†ุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:52,140 --> 00:20:59,240
923
+ ุงู„ู…ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช ุงู…ุง ุจูŠ ูˆุงู…ุง ุชูŠ ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:20:59,240 --> 00:21:04,580
927
+ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ precursor ุจูŠ ุซู… ุงู„ ุจูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:21:04,580 --> 00:21:09,240
931
+ ูุฌุงู„ูˆ ุงู„ precursor ุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD19
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:21:09,240 --> 00:21:14,890
935
+ positive ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง cytoplasmicCD22
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:21:14,890 --> 00:21:19,430
939
+ Positive ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Cytoplasm ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€TDT
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:21:19,430 --> 00:21:23,290
943
+ Positive ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† TDT Positive ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:21:23,290 --> 00:21:28,970
947
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€Lymphoplasty ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ precursor ุจุชุดู…ู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:21:28,970 --> 00:21:35,630
951
+ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู€CD ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ู… ุฌุงู†ูˆุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:21:35,630 --> 00:21:38,350
955
+ ููŠ ุงู„ Common Type Common Acute Lymphoplastic
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:38,350 --> 00:21:45,620
959
+ Leukemia ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€CD10 Positive ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุจุฃูƒูŠูˆุช
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:45,620 --> 00:21:49,400
963
+ ู„ู†ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† CD10 ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:54,140
967
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงู„ูˆุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ูˆููŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุฃูƒูŠูˆุช ู„ู†ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:54,140 --> 00:21:58,180
971
+ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู…ุง CD10 positive ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:58,180 --> 00:22:04,460
975
+ CD10 ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ precursor P
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:22:04,460 --> 00:22:08,500
979
+ ุฅู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุฃูƒูŠูˆุช ู„ู†ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ mature
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:22:08,500 --> 00:22:14,200
983
+ type of ุจูŠ ุฃูƒูŠูˆุช ู„ู†ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ู€
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:19,900
987
+ CD19 positive ูˆ Cytoplasm 22 positive ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:22:19,900 --> 00:22:22,920
991
+ ุจุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุตุงุฑุช mature ุงู†ู‡ ูู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:22:22,920 --> 00:22:26,480
995
+ ุงู…ูŠู†oglobulin ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ surface ุงู…ูŠู†oglobulin is
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:32,120
999
+ positive ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ TDT is negative ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ TDT is
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:32,120 --> 00:22:36,660
1003
+ negativeุŸู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู† ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุช
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:36,660 --> 00:22:41,160
1007
+ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ูƒู†ุชุฑูˆู„ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immature Form ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:47,640
1011
+ ุนู† ุนู„ุดุงู† ุงู„ู€ Immature Form ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:50,440
1015
+ ุงู„ู€ T-Acute Lymphopnostic Leukemia ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:57,300
1019
+ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ CD ู‡ุงุชู ุจุณ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู‡ุงุชููŠุฉ ุฒูŠ CD007 positive ูˆ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:57,300 --> 00:23:02,940
1023
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ CD-Cytoplasmic CD3 positiveูˆุฃูŠุถุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:23:02,940 --> 00:23:11,120
1027
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ TdT Positive ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุญูƒูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ..
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:23:11,120 --> 00:23:15,860
1031
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠูุงุช ุงู„ู€ Lymphoplastic Leukemia
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:23:15,860 --> 00:23:20,500
1035
+ whether it's L1 or L2 or L3 ุฌุงู„ูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงูƒูŠุฏ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:20,500 --> 00:23:26,800
1039
+ Lymphoplastic Leukemia ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† L3 ุจูŠู†ู…ุง CD10
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:31,730
1043
+ Positive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ common ูˆ ุงู„ nullุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:31,730 --> 00:23:32,590
1047
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:32,590 --> 00:23:37,290
1051
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:37,290 --> 00:23:41,990
1055
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:41,990 --> 00:23:45,390
1059
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:45,390 --> 00:23:46,970
1063
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:46,970 --> 00:23:49,030
1067
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:49,030 --> 00:23:58,290
1071
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:58,630 --> 00:24:02,150
1075
+ ุทุจ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ Immunophenotype ู…ูŠู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:24:02,150 --> 00:24:06,650
1079
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ By immunophenotype ูŠุนู†ูŠ By this
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:24:06,650 --> 00:24:15,150
1083
+ classification technique ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ู„ู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ุงู†ู‡
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:15,150 --> 00:24:20,490
1087
+ ุงู„ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ูุณุงูŠุช ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุฏูˆุด ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:20,490 --> 00:24:27,360
1091
+ progenitor cell ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„CD ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:32,620
1095
+ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† positive ูˆ CD ุชุณุนุชุงุด positive
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:32,620 --> 00:24:38,540
1099
+ CD ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ู‚ุงุจุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ stencil marker ูุงุญู†ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:38,540 --> 00:24:46,380
1103
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุฌุงุนุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ very immature stages ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:46,380 --> 00:24:50,480
1107
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ cytoplasmic CD ุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† positive
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:54,530 --> 00:25:01,450
1111
+ ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ positive ูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ positive ุขูŠุงุช ูƒู…ุงู†
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:25:01,450 --> 00:25:07,530
1115
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ pre B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ TTT positive
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:25:07,530 --> 00:25:13,170
1119
+ ุซู… ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ุนุดุฑ ุงูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆ surface ุจุฏู„
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:25:13,170 --> 00:25:17,510
1123
+ cytoplasmic surface CD 22 positive
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:25:20,110 --> 00:25:27,450
1127
+ Cytoplasmic Immunoglobulin-MU ุงูˆู„
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:25:27,450 --> 00:25:31,170
1131
+ ู…ุจุชุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€Cytoplasm ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:31,170 --> 00:25:37,270
1135
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€Mature Form TDT
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:37,270 --> 00:25:42,160
1139
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ mature form ุจุงูƒูŠุฏ ู„ูŠู†ููˆ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:42,160 --> 00:25:48,040
1143
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ุจุฑุงุญุฉ TDT ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุตูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:48,040 --> 00:25:54,420
1147
+ ููŠ ุงู„ mature ูˆ 19 ูˆ 20 ูˆ surface TDT 28 positive ูˆ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:54,420 --> 00:25:55,700
1151
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญุฉ surface
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:59,940 --> 00:26:06,540
1155
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูƒู„ ููŠู‡ ุงูˆ ุชู†ุตุงุจ ุจู€ different types of
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:26:06,540 --> 00:26:08,720
1159
+ leukemia ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ chronic lymphocytic leukemia ูˆ ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:11,300
1163
+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia ูˆ ุงู„ pro lymphocytic
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:26:11,300 --> 00:26:16,580
1167
+ leukemia ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ู„ูŠุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ุฐูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:26:16,580 --> 00:26:18,720
1171
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ูˆold and strong
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:22,960
1175
+ microglobulinemia ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ multiple
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:26,500
1179
+ myeloma ุงูˆ ุงู„asbestosis ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจู‡ุง ุฏู‰ ุงู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:26:26,500 --> 00:26:30,280
1183
+ markers different markers are seenaccording to
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:26:30,280 --> 00:26:34,680
1187
+ different stage of maturation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฑูƒุฑ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:38,020
1191
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุชุนุฑู which stage is
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:38,020 --> 00:26:43,260
1195
+ involved or is seen ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ T ุจุณ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:43,260 --> 00:26:45,900
1199
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ T ู…ุงุดูŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:47,830 --> 00:26:52,150
1203
+ TDT ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู€ Procytes ูˆ Thymocytes ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:26:52,150 --> 00:27:00,630
1207
+ present ูˆ Cytoplasmic CD3 ู…ุน CD7 ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ Cortical
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:27:00,630 --> 00:27:04,810
1211
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ Thymocytes ุฑุงุญุช ุนู„ู‰
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:27:04,810 --> 00:27:08,970
1215
+ Thymus ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ TDT still there ูˆ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:27:08,970 --> 00:27:14,640
1219
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดูˆููˆู† ูƒู„ู‡ู…ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูƒู†ุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:18,080
1223
+ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ B ุนู„ู‰ ุชุณุนุชุงุด ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:27:18,080 --> 00:27:23,640
1227
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:23,640 --> 00:27:28,500
1231
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ T ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mature form ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:28,500 --> 00:27:33,480
1235
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† CD4 ุงูˆ CD8 ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:33,480 --> 00:27:33,880
1239
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:37,630 --> 00:27:41,070
1243
+ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ cytogenetic
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:41,070 --> 00:27:45,710
1247
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุณุฌู„ุช ุญุงู„ุงุช chromosomal abnormality
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:45,710 --> 00:27:50,930
1251
+ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:50,930 --> 00:27:52,530
1255
+ cytogenetic abnormality
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:55,080 --> 00:27:59,140
1259
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู„ู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:59,140 --> 00:28:11,040
1263
+ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:28:11,040 --> 00:28:12,020
1267
+ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:28:12,020 --> 00:28:12,640
1271
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:28:12,640 --> 00:28:12,860
1275
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:28:12,860 --> 00:28:13,680
1279
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:13,820
1283
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:13,820 --> 00:28:20,230
1287
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุงู„ู€
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:20,230 --> 00:28:26,790
1291
+ specific chromosomal abnormality ูˆุงู„ู†ุช ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุณุฌู„ุช
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:26,790 --> 00:28:29,750
1295
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช chromosomal abnormality ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:29,750 --> 00:28:35,830
1299
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† translocation ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ูŠูˆุจู„ุงูŠุฏูŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:38,070 --> 00:28:43,730
1303
+ ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒุฏู†ุณูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:43,730 --> 00:28:51,350
1307
+ ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ ุจุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงุจู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:51,350 --> 00:28:51,990
1311
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:54,510 --> 00:28:59,030
1315
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‚ุจู„ ู„ุนุจุฉ ู†ุดูˆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุฏุฏ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:59,030 --> 00:29:02,030
1319
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู…ุฉ ู„ุงุจ ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ molecular
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:29:02,030 --> 00:29:04,890
1323
+ technique ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงูˆ ุงู„ cytogenetic technique
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:29:04,890 --> 00:29:09,930
1327
+ ูˆ ุงูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ techniques ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ traditional
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:29:09,930 --> 00:29:16,310
1331
+ method ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ carry typing ูˆ ููŠ ุงุฎุฑ DNA based
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:16,310 --> 00:29:20,570
1335
+ technique ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจุฑุถู‡
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:22,520 --> 00:29:29,740
1339
+ ุจู†ุชุนุฑู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ chromosome ุงู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:29,740 --> 00:29:36,060
1343
+ abnormality ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชู๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:36,060 --> 00:29:38,760
1347
+ ุงู„ chromosome ุงู„ abnormality ููŠ ุงู„ malignancy
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:38,760 --> 00:29:42,740
1351
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ prognosis is bad ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:42,740 --> 00:29:47,820
1355
+ normal ูƒุงู„ retyping ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ good prognosis ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:47,820 --> 00:29:55,480
1359
+ ุฃู†ู‡future of disease is better than the
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:55,480 --> 00:30:01,900
1363
+ chromosomal abnormality ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ translocation
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:30:01,900 --> 00:30:07,900
1367
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู… ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ qr
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:30:07,900 --> 00:30:12,120
1371
+ ู…ู‚ุจูˆุธ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ translocation ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงุญู†ุง
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:17,520
1375
+ ุชุฎุทูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ molecular biology ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:17,520 --> 00:30:22,200
1379
+ ู„ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุชุงูŠู…ุจู†ุดูˆู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ุตูุท ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ูˆุงุญุฏ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:25,360
1383
+ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:25,360 --> 00:30:30,900
1387
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตุบุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:30,900 --> 00:30:39,520
1391
+ ุฒูŠุจู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุตูุทู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุชูุฑุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ูˆ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:39,520 --> 00:30:41,520
1395
+ ู‡ู„ ููŠ abnormality ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงููŠุด
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:43,980 --> 00:30:47,000
1399
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุณุช ุฏูŠ ุงุชุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒุฑูˆู…ุฒูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุจู†ุงุก
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:50,940
1403
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุชู‰ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:50,940 --> 00:30:56,580
1407
+ ุงูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:30:56,580 --> 00:31:00,800
1411
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูููŠ ุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชู„ูŠู†ู ูˆ ุงู„
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:00,800 --> 00:31:04,370
1415
+ plasticููŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ Translocation
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:04,370 --> 00:31:08,250
1419
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ Brady ุงุชู„ุช ู„ูŠู…ููˆ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:31:08,250 --> 00:31:13,950
1423
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ููŠ ููŠ Translocation ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:31:13,950 --> 00:31:19,060
1427
+ ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:31:19,060 --> 00:31:23,200
1431
+ ูƒูŠูˆุชู„ูŠู†ูุฑ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒู„ุง ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:28,420
1435
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† Translocation ุจุณ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู…
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:28,420 --> 00:31:31,640
1439
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ is involved ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุด ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:31,640 --> 00:31:37,240
1443
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ is present
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:37,240 --> 00:31:40,740
1447
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ T ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:40,740 --> 00:31:43,840
1451
+ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ Translocation ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:43,840 --> 00:31:49,490
1455
+ ุงุฎุชุงุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ูˆ Translocation 1114ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:31:49,490 --> 00:31:56,450
1459
+ Myeloid Leukemia ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† M0 ู„ M7 ุงู†ุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:31:56,450 --> 00:32:00,750
1463
+ ุงุฎุชุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน M2 ููŠู‡ุง Translocation 28 ูˆ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:32:00,750 --> 00:32:07,850
1467
+ 21 M3 Translocation 15 ูˆ 17 M4 Invergence 16 ุงูˆ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:32:07,850 --> 00:32:13,110
1471
+ Translocation ุจูŠู† 16 ูˆ 16 ูˆ M5 Deletion ุงูˆ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:32:13,110 --> 00:32:16,980
1475
+ Translocation ููŠ 11 ูˆ M6ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Translocation ู…ุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:32:16,980 --> 00:32:25,140
1479
+ ุจูŠู† 8 ูˆ 16 ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูุธู†ุง ุจู‡ูŠูƒ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:32:25,140 --> 00:32:29,360
1483
+ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cytogenetic
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:37,880
1487
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 99% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุนุดุงู† ุงูƒูˆู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:32:37,880 --> 00:32:41,940
1491
+ 97% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† can be classified
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:32:41,940 --> 00:32:47,690
1495
+ can be known can be diagnosedูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:32:47,690 --> 00:32:53,130
1499
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ which have both ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ myeloid and
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:32:53,130 --> 00:32:57,870
1503
+ lymphoid series ุฃูˆ surface ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง acute
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:32:57,870 --> 00:33:03,470
1507
+ undifferentiated leukemia ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ pathophysiology
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:33:03,470 --> 00:33:08,690
1511
+ of acute leukemia ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ acute leukemia ู„ุฃู†
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:33:08,690 --> 00:33:12,750
1515
+ ุงู„ acute leukemia ุจุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ morbidity ูˆ ุงู„
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:33:12,750 --> 00:33:19,290
1519
+ mortalityู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ general mechanism ุงูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:33:19,290 --> 00:33:22,390
1523
+ deficiency in normal blood cell number or function
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:33:22,390 --> 00:33:27,750
1527
+ normal cell ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงุญู„ุงู„ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:33:27,750 --> 00:33:32,650
1531
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู†ู…ุฑู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† invasion of
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:33:32,650 --> 00:33:37,230
1535
+ vital organs ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎุฒู‚ ุงู„
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:33:37,230 --> 00:33:40,030
1539
+ body organs
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:41,790 --> 00:33:46,190
1543
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ impairment ู„ู„ function of the
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:33:46,190 --> 00:33:52,790
1547
+ organ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ metabolic disturbances ุงูˆ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:33:52,790 --> 00:33:56,670
1551
+ systemic disturbances ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชุฎุฑุจุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:33:56,670 --> 00:34:02,450
1555
+ metabolism ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ imbalances ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:34:02,450 --> 00:34:06,310
1559
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ูˆู‡ูˆ deficiency of normal blood cell number
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:34:06,310 --> 00:34:10,030
1563
+ and function ูˆุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ bone marrow failureุฃุดู‡ุฑ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:34:10,030 --> 00:34:14,110
1567
+ ุญุงุฌุงุชู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ .. ู…ุงููŠุด .. ู…ุงููŠุด normal cell ูุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:34:14,110 --> 00:34:20,130
1571
+ ุจูŠู‚ุด ููŠ infection ููŠ hemorrhage ูˆ ููŠ anemia ูˆ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:34:20,130 --> 00:34:27,830
1575
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุดุฎุต ุจุญุงู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:34:27,830 --> 00:34:33,230
1579
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:34:33,230 --> 00:34:38,750
1583
+ tissueุฃูˆ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุนุจ ููŠ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:34:38,750 --> 00:34:41,810
1587
+ ุงู„ู€ spleen ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lymph nodes ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุฌู…ุจ ู…ุฑุฉ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:34:41,810 --> 00:34:44,970
1591
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุทุจุนุง sorry ููŠ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:34:44,970 --> 00:34:48,390
1595
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุจุณ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:48,390 --> 00:34:53,710
1599
+ generalized bone pain ูˆ other organs that can be
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:53,710 --> 00:34:56,130
1603
+ infiltrated ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ central nervous system , skin
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:34:56,130 --> 00:35:00,050
1607
+ testes and any organs in the body ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠุณูƒุฑ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:35:00,050 --> 00:35:04,180
1611
+ ู…ู† ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู…ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:35:04,180 --> 00:35:08,440
1615
+ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนุดุด ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุนุถูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถุงุก
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:15,700
1619
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจู‡ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุดู†
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:35:15,700 --> 00:35:19,240
1623
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุณูŠุฑ non-functioning ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gum
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:19,240 --> 00:35:24,060
1627
+ hypertrophy ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุงู„ involvement of gum
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:35:24,560 --> 00:35:29,180
1631
+ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงุฎุชูุช ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุจุฑุช ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ mass ูƒู„ู†ุง ููŠ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:29,180 --> 00:35:34,020
1635
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ mass of cell ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:34,020 --> 00:35:41,700
1639
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‡ูŠุฃ ุฃูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ chloromass ุงูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ skin
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:41,700 --> 00:35:45,500
1643
+ involvement ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงูˆ ููŠ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:45,500 --> 00:35:48,340
1647
+ other place ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:56,600
1651
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ูุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุชุงุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุชุงุณูŠุฒ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:56,600 --> 00:36:01,380
1655
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุชุงุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ tumor ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:36:01,380 --> 00:36:08,160
1659
+ accumulation of blood in micro circulation ูˆ ุจุชุญุดุฑ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:15,500
1663
+ ุจุชุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ blood vessels ู…ู† ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:36:15,500 --> 00:36:20,970
1667
+ perfusionุงู„ู€ Perfusion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:36:20,970 --> 00:36:26,890
1671
+ ุจุงู„ุฏู… ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุณูƒู‘ู„ ุงู„ูˆุนุงุก ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠุจุทู„ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ููŠ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:26,890 --> 00:36:30,030
1675
+ ุงู„ูˆุนุงุก ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ impairment ู„ู„ู€
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:30,030 --> 00:36:35,470
1679
+ Perfusion ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ischemia ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:36:35,470 --> 00:36:39,070
1683
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ organs ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃูˆ ููŠ blood
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:36:39,070 --> 00:36:42,810
1687
+ vessels ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ูููŠ ุงู„ lung ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:42,810 --> 00:36:48,910
1691
+ ุงุจูˆูƒุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ูู„ุณ ุจุฏุง ุงู„ .. ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Pulmonary
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:48,910 --> 00:36:54,630
1695
+ Infiltrate ูˆ ุงู„ Alveoli ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตูŠุฑ impaired
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:36:54,630 --> 00:37:01,790
1699
+ ูุงู„ Central Nervous System ุจุนู…ู„ stroke ูˆ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:37:01,790 --> 00:37:08,470
1703
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง Leukostatic ุงู„ tumor ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:37:08,470 --> 00:37:12,950
1707
+ blood cell ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฃู„ููŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุฌูˆุณูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:37:12,950 --> 00:37:19,050
1711
+ ููŠู‡ hyper leukocytosis ููŠ ุบุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:37:19,050 --> 00:37:22,850
1715
+ ููŠู‡ sanctuary site relapse ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‡ ู„ู‚ู…ูƒ infiltration
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:37:22,850 --> 00:37:27,950
1719
+ of testis and meninges ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:27,950 --> 00:37:33,350
1723
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง sanctuary ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:33,350 --> 00:37:37,640
1727
+ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉู„ูŠุด ุงู…ุงูƒู† ุญู…ุงูŠุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠูƒุง ุจู„ุงุณุช ุชุชุฎุจู‰
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:37:37,640 --> 00:37:41,160
1731
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ู„ุฃุณู ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูˆุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุตู„
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:37:41,160 --> 00:37:48,560
1735
+ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ meninges ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:48,560 --> 00:37:54,640
1739
+ testis ู‡ูŠ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ drug cytotoxic is
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:37:54,640 --> 00:38:00,090
1743
+ purely between these organsูู‡ุฐุง ุดูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุนู…ู„ ุจุนุฏ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:38:00,090 --> 00:38:03,290
1747
+ ู…ุง ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุฑุงุจูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ relapse ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุดูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:38:03,290 --> 00:38:06,890
1751
+ ุจุนุฌุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู†
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:38:06,890 --> 00:38:11,670
1755
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจ .. ุช .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:38:11,670 --> 00:38:19,230
1759
+ circulation ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจ .. ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:19,230 --> 00:38:24,010
1763
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง relapse ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ recurrent
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:38:24,010 --> 00:38:25,890
1767
+ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:38:27,570 --> 00:38:30,050
1771
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง Acute Leukemia ุจุชุนู…ู„
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:38:30,050 --> 00:38:33,130
1775
+ Metabolic Disturbances ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง Hyponatremia
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:38:33,130 --> 00:38:38,970
1779
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ Sodium ูˆุฏู‰ ุนุงุฏุฉ common ููŠ ุงู„ Acute Non
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:38:38,970 --> 00:38:43,530
1783
+ -Lymphoplastic Leukemia ูˆุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ as a
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:38:43,530 --> 00:38:47,770
1787
+ result or as a secondary of production of
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:38:47,770 --> 00:38:51,070
1791
+ Vasopressin-like substance ุงู„ Vasopressin-like
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:38:51,070 --> 00:38:54,830
1795
+ substance ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ Granules ุงู„ู„ู‰
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:38:54,830 --> 00:39:01,150
1799
+ ู‡ู‰ ุจุชุนู…ู„DIC ููŠ ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุซู… Hypokalemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:39:01,150 --> 00:39:05,990
1803
+ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุฃูŠุถุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠูˆุช ู…ูˆุฑูŠูˆู„ูˆ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:39:05,990 --> 00:39:10,310
1807
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงูˆุงู„ู€ Acute Monoplastic
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:39:10,310 --> 00:39:14,770
1811
+ Leukemia ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุชุบุฑุจ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:39:14,770 --> 00:39:18,630
1815
+ ุงู„ูƒุฏู† ุงูŠุถุง
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:39:18,630 --> 00:39:24,870
1819
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู… ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠู„ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:39:24,870 --> 00:39:29,930
1823
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุฑูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠู…ูŠุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:39:29,930 --> 00:39:33,370
1827
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:39:33,370 --> 00:39:39,990
1831
+ Hyperูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:39:39,990 --> 00:39:45,250
1835
+ hyperuricemia ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ renal damage ุงูˆ renal
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:39:45,250 --> 00:39:50,330
1839
+ failure ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ dialysis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:39:50,330 --> 00:39:57,610
1843
+ ุบุณูŠู„ ูƒูŠู„ุฉ ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนุฏู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:39:57,610 --> 00:40:02,850
1847
+ renal damageุจุฏุงุด ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุงู† ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ cytotoxic drug
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:40:02,850 --> 00:40:07,530
1851
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูุฑูˆ toxic ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ toxic
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:40:07,530 --> 00:40:13,590
1855
+ ู„ู„ู†ูุฑุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ูƒุฏู†ู‰ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ severity
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:40:13,590 --> 00:40:21,530
1859
+ of minor metabolic disturbances ูˆ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:40:21,530 --> 00:40:25,270
1863
+ secondary to massive cell lysis ุทุจุนุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:40:25,270 --> 00:40:31,460
1867
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ renal damage ู…ู†ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:40:31,460 --> 00:40:35,540
1871
+ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุชูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:40:35,540 --> 00:40:39,360
1875
+ therapy induced ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ drug ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:40:39,360 --> 00:40:43,620
1879
+ chemotherapy ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† toxic drug ููŠ ุทุจุนุง
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:40:43,620 --> 00:40:48,160
1883
+ constitutional symptoms ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† fever ู…ู†
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:40:48,160 --> 00:40:53,400
1887
+ sweets which is common ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ high metabolic rate
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:40:53,400 --> 00:41:01,500
1891
+ of .. ุงู„ metabolism ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:41:01,500 --> 00:41:06,220
1895
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุนุฑู‚ ุณูˆูŠุท ูˆ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูุธูŠุน
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:41:06,220 --> 00:41:09,800
1899
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ laboratory feature ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:13,740
1903
+ white blood cell ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู†
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:41:13,740 --> 00:41:16,920
1907
+ ุชูƒูˆู† normal ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† low ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:41:16,920 --> 00:41:23,870
1911
+ acute leukemia ุงู„ white blood cell is variableู†ู…ุฑุฉ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:41:23,870 --> 00:41:27,350
1915
+ 2 ุจู€ Blast ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blood ู†ู…ุฑุฉ 3
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:41:27,350 --> 00:41:30,070
1919
+ ููŠ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Normal Cystic
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:41:30,070 --> 00:41:35,170
1923
+ Normochronic ูˆููŠ Thrombocytopenia ูˆููŠ Neutropenia
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:41:35,170 --> 00:41:40,730
1927
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ DICุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:41:40,730 --> 00:41:43,550
1931
+ bone marrow ููŠ ุงู„ acute leukemia ุงู„ bone marrow
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:41:43,550 --> 00:41:48,490
1935
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† it's necessary for diagnosis ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุง ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:41:48,490 --> 00:41:50,610
1939
+ chemotherapy ูˆุนู„ุงุฌ ุฅู„ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ bone marrow
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:41:50,610 --> 00:41:56,950
1943
+ investment ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ bone marrow ุจู†ุญุฏุฏ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:41:56,950 --> 00:42:02,930
1947
+ leukemia ูˆู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ prognosis ูˆ acute leukemia
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:42:02,930 --> 00:42:07,130
1951
+ ุฃูŠุถุงุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุจุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:42:07,130 --> 00:42:10,990
1955
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชู ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆู†
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:42:10,990 --> 00:42:16,170
1959
+ is a definition of leukemia ูƒูŠู ู†ูุฑุฎ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ acute
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:42:16,170 --> 00:42:18,390
1963
+ myeloid leukemia ูˆ ุงู„ acute lymphoplastic
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:42:18,390 --> 00:42:22,130
1967
+ leukemiaุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ light microscopy ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠ ุงู„
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:42:22,130 --> 00:42:25,670
1971
+ acute myeloid leukemia ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏ body ูˆููŠู‡ granules
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:42:25,670 --> 00:42:28,770
1975
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ acute lymphoplastic leukemia ู„ุง ููŠ
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:42:28,770 --> 00:42:33,540
1979
+ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏ body ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ granulesุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… flow
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:42:33,540 --> 00:42:37,620
1983
+ cytometry ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ูุฑุฌ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ CD ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:42:37,620 --> 00:42:42,500
1987
+ immunophenotyping ุฃูˆ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… special stain ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:42:42,500 --> 00:42:47,940
1991
+ cytochemical staining ูˆุฏู‡ ุดูƒู„ acute myeloplastic
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:42:47,940 --> 00:42:52,080
1995
+ leukemia ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:42:52,080 --> 00:42:58,370
1999
+ granular ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏ bodyููŠู‡ุง ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงูŠ ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูˆ
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:42:58,370 --> 00:43:04,330
2003
+ ู„ุง ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุงู„ purple to blue ุงูˆ color of the cell
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:43:04,330 --> 00:43:07,010
2007
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงูŠ acute myeloid leukemia ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆ
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:43:07,010 --> 00:43:11,290
2011
+ ุงู„ุงุซูŠุชูŠูƒ ุนู…ู„ุช license of the cell ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:43:11,290 --> 00:43:16,310
2015
+ release of granules ููŠ ุงู„ circulation ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูƒู…ุงู†
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:43:16,310 --> 00:43:20,230
2019
+ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ body ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:43:20,230 --> 00:43:25,550
2023
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุฃูƒูŠูˆุช
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:43:25,550 --> 00:43:30,290
2027
+ ุจุฑูˆ ู…ุงูŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:43:30,290 --> 00:43:32,550
2031
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠูˆุชู„ูŠููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒู„ูŠูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:43:32,550 --> 00:43:35,610
2035
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงูŠู‡ granular ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ุญุฌู…
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:43:35,610 --> 00:43:39,870
2039
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠุชุฑุงุฌู†ุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ L2 ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:43:39,870 --> 00:43:43,170
2043
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ evacuation ููŠ
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:43:43,170 --> 00:43:46,870
2047
+ ุงู„cytoplasm ูˆ still the cytoplasm is purple in
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:43:46,870 --> 00:43:51,270
2051
+ colorุจู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ Acute Leukemia ุฌูˆุงู†
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:43:51,270 --> 00:44:00,550
2055
+ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ูุชูˆุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆ ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู…
2056
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/Nh8KT__vN5w_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2072 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,650 --> 00:00:05,710
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ู„ุง ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ acute
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:05,710 --> 00:00:09,810
7
+ leukemia ูƒู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ acute myeloid
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,810 --> 00:00:15,530
11
+ leukemia ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุณู…ู‰ acute granulocytic
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:15,530 --> 00:00:20,630
15
+ leukemia ุชู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ 8 ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:20,630 --> 00:00:26,010
19
+ classification ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุชูŠู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ ุจูˆู…
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:26,010 --> 00:00:29,610
23
+ ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช morphology morphology of the cell ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,610 --> 00:00:34,190
27
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† degree of cell maturation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆูŠู† ูˆุตู„ุช
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:34,190 --> 00:00:37,890
31
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ maturation ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ cytochemical
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:37,890 --> 00:00:41,730
35
+ staining ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุฏุฏ which type ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:41,730 --> 00:00:48,150
39
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฑุจุน immune ูˆ phenotyping ูˆ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:48,150 --> 00:00:52,900
43
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ cytogeneticุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:52,900 --> 00:00:57,720
47
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ู† ุณุจุน ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุซู… ุงุถุงููˆุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู…ู† ูˆู‡ูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,720 --> 00:01:02,820
51
+ M0 ู‡ู† ุจุฏูŠู„ ู…ู† M1 ูˆุงู„ู€ M1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ without
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:02,820 --> 00:01:10,120
55
+ maturation myeloplastic cell withoutmaturation
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:10,120 --> 00:01:16,380
59
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ู†ุถูˆุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู„
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,380 --> 00:01:19,880
63
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:19,880 --> 00:01:24,900
67
+ ุงู„ plus ูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ bromelocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:24,900 --> 00:01:30,120
71
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ acute
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:30,120 --> 00:01:35,680
75
+ leukemia of this type ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ all
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:36,180
79
+ people
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:45,040 --> 00:01:51,560
83
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุจู„ุงุณุช ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑู‡ุงู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:51,560 --> 00:01:58,000
87
+ ุบู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ู…ุฎ ุฏู‡ ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆููŠู‡ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:03,660
91
+ ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆ ู„ุงูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆ ู„ุงูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:03,660 --> 00:02:09,030
95
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฏุงุชูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:09,030 --> 00:02:14,730
99
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุนู† ุฃูŠ ูˆุถูˆุญ ู…ู† ุฌู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:14,730 --> 00:02:20,570
103
+ chromatin material is homogeneous ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ู„ุณุงุชู‡
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:20,570 --> 00:02:33,100
107
+ soft ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ cytoplasm ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:33,100 --> 00:02:36,480
111
+ our root body ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ granulocytic
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:40,200
115
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ our root body ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ alignments of
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:40,200 --> 00:02:44,160
119
+ primary granules ู…ุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ our
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:47,560
123
+ root body ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ myeloplast ุนู† ุงู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:47,560 --> 00:02:53,960
127
+ lymphoplast ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ุฌุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ M2 ู…ุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:53,960 --> 00:03:01,390
131
+ maturation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:01,390 --> 00:03:06,950
135
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู†ุถูˆุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:06,950 --> 00:03:10,250
139
+ ู„ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุชุณุนูŠู† plus ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:10,250 --> 00:03:14,810
143
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฑูˆู…ูŠู„ูˆุณุงูŠุฏุณ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:14,810 --> 00:03:19,850
147
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุฏุงุก cytogenetic ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:19,850 --> 00:03:22,990
151
+ chromosome of abnormality ุงูˆ translocation ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:22,990 --> 00:03:27,960
155
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒุฑูˆู…ุฒูˆู… ุงู„ุงุจ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:27,960 --> 00:03:31,200
159
+ ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ูŠุชูŠ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:38,200
163
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจูŠุชูˆุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ M3 ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:45,900
167
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† hypergranular ุจุฑูˆู…ูŠู„ูˆุณูŠุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุงูŠุถุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:45,900 --> 00:03:53,620
171
+ ู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 30% blastูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุถ virulent than
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:53,620 --> 00:03:59,380
175
+ other form ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุฑูŠุณ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:59,380 --> 00:04:04,520
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hypo ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ median
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:11,600
183
+ age ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ white blood cell ุจุชู‚ู„ ูˆ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:17,800
187
+ ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง treatment ุจูŠุฃุฏู‰ ุงู„ release of granules
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:18,790 --> 00:04:23,970
191
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Disseminated
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:23,970 --> 00:04:29,390
195
+ Intravascular Coagulopathy ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุชุจุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:29,390 --> 00:04:34,650
199
+ bleeding ุจูŠุชุจุนู‡ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ bleeding ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู‡ุฐุง
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:34,650 --> 00:04:42,770
203
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ DIC ุจุฌู„ุทู‡ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุตูŠู ู…ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:42,770 --> 00:04:47,090
207
+ ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ M3 ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Translocation ู…ุง ุจูŠู† 15 ูˆ 17
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:48,930 --> 00:04:57,330
211
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ M2 ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ Myeloplast ูˆ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:57,330 --> 00:05:04,690
215
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ Myeloplast ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฏู‰ Myeloplast ูˆ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:04,690 --> 00:05:10,510
219
+ Bromelocytes ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุด ู…ู† ุงู„ Myeloplast
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:10,510 --> 00:05:15,230
223
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ุชูŠู† Myeloplast
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:17,090 --> 00:05:21,090
227
+ hypogranulated ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ู„ุณุงุช ูˆ ู„ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆุฒ ู„ู… ุชุธู‡ุฑ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:21,090 --> 00:05:27,490
231
+ ุจุนุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู„ู… blood film ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ููŠู‡ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ mature
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:27,490 --> 00:05:30,750
235
+ cells ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ immature cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:30,750 --> 00:05:37,750
239
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู…ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ hypergranular ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:37,750 --> 00:05:42,940
243
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ููŠ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm is granulated ุฏู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:42,940 --> 00:05:47,800
247
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† bromilocytes granulated ุจุฑุถู‡
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:53,080
251
+ granulated ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ nucleus still have
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:59,040
255
+ nucleus to cytoplasm ratio still high ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:59,040 --> 00:06:05,560
259
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ granules ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:08,600 --> 00:06:15,460
263
+ ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ M ุงูˆ micro ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงูˆ hypo granular ุจุฑูˆ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:15,460 --> 00:06:19,540
267
+ ู…ูŠู„ูˆุณูŠุชูƒู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูุฑู…ูŠุฉ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:19,540 --> 00:06:27,000
271
+ ุจู„ุงุตุฏ ูˆู†ูˆุน ุงู„ blood cell ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชู‚ู„ ูˆุฒูŠ ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:33,810
275
+ hyper granularุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ DIC ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:33,810 --> 00:06:41,230
279
+ DIC ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ subsequent bleeding ูˆ ูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:41,230 --> 00:06:47,330
283
+ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ Translocation 15-17 ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฒู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูƒู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:47,330 --> 00:06:52,990
287
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† high ูˆ granulated M4 ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:52,990 --> 00:06:59,590
291
+ Myelomonoplastic ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ู…ูŠูŠู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:01,700 --> 00:07:07,800
295
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู… ุจูˆุฑู…ุงุฑูˆ ูˆ ู…ูŠุฑูุฑุงู„ ุจู„ุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุชู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:07,800 --> 00:07:14,040
299
+ M4 ุงู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑุง ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุฑูŠ site is
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:18,620
303
+ involved ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช it's more common
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:18,620 --> 00:07:28,940
307
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ pure myeloplastic variants ุงูŠ ุดูƒู„ M3
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:31,370 --> 00:07:39,410
311
+ hypo granulated ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‚ู†ููˆุฑ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:39,410 --> 00:07:46,270
315
+ ููŠู‡ monoplast ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ myeloplast ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:46,270 --> 00:07:49,330
319
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† monoplast
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:49,330 --> 00:07:53,190
323
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† monoplast ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู…
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:53,190 --> 00:07:57,910
327
+ ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง monoplast and nucleolide ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:57,910 --> 00:07:59,550
331
+ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุงุดูŠ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:05,190 --> 00:08:11,350
335
+ M5 ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:11,350 --> 00:08:18,890
339
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ M5A ูˆ M5B ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ of
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:18,890 --> 00:08:21,690
343
+ non erythroid cell in the bone marrow are
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:21,690 --> 00:08:29,930
347
+ monocytic ูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ extensive infiltration ุจุชุบุฒูˆ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:29,930 --> 00:08:34,120
351
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉุงู„ู€ GUM ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Central Nervous
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:39,340
355
+ System ูˆ ุงู„ู€ lymph nodes ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุนุงุช ุฃูƒุชุฑ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:39,340 --> 00:08:46,860
359
+ ู…ุฏุงู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุชู‡ุงุฌุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:46,860 --> 00:08:50,400
363
+ ุฌู‡ุฒู†ุง ูˆ ุชูู‚ู†ุง ู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ู„ M5A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Poorly
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:55,260
367
+ Differentiated ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆ M5B Well
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:55,260 --> 00:09:02,450
371
+ Differentiated ููŠ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆ ููŠ ู…ูŠู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชุฃู…ุณุชูƒุณ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:02,450 --> 00:09:11,690
375
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง this is rare ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:11,690 --> 00:09:16,550
379
+ ุจูˆุฌูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:16,550 --> 00:09:24,170
383
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ different phases a preponderance of
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:09:24,170 --> 00:09:33,030
387
+ abnormal arteroplast ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุงุฆุฏ ุซู… ุงุฑุชุฑูˆู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงูˆููŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:33,030 --> 00:09:35,350
391
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง erythroplast ูˆ mono ูˆ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:35,350 --> 00:09:39,550
395
+ myeloplast ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ preparedness of abnormal
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:39,550 --> 00:09:42,710
399
+ erythroplast ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ erythroplast ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:42,710 --> 00:09:46,810
403
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ erythroluchemia ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ both erythroplast
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:46,810 --> 00:09:50,710
407
+ ูˆ myeloplast ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช myeloplastic leukemia
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:50,710 --> 00:09:57,430
411
+ ุจุชุดุจู‡ M1 ูˆ M2 ูˆ M4 ุทุจุนุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:57,430 --> 00:10:03,730
415
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ English is commonM5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:10:03,730 --> 00:10:09,710
419
+ M5A
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:10:09,710 --> 00:10:14,970
423
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:14,970 --> 00:10:15,170
427
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:15,170 --> 00:10:15,170
431
+ M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:15,170 --> 00:10:15,250
435
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:15,250 --> 00:10:15,270
439
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:15,270 --> 00:10:15,730
443
+ M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:15,730 --> 00:10:26,530
447
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช M5A
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:26,530 --> 00:10:26,610
451
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:43,000
455
+ ู…ุด ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠู‡ erythroplast ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ู‡
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:51,480
459
+ ุงูŠุถุง erythroplast ุงูˆ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:51,480 --> 00:10:57,420
463
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุชุฉ ูƒู„ูˆ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฑูŠู„ ู„ูƒู†ู‡
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:57,420 --> 00:10:59,960
467
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง extensive proliferation of
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:59,960 --> 00:11:05,480
471
+ megakaryoplast ูˆุจู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ typical megakaryocyte
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:10,400
475
+ and thrombocytopenia ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:13,580 --> 00:11:19,320
479
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ classification ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:24,960
483
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุงุด ู…ู† ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆู„ ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ุฌู„ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:28,860
487
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช ู…ูˆุฑููˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ูˆุงุชุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ morphological
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:28,860 --> 00:11:33,240
491
+ differences between ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ different type of
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:33,240 --> 00:11:38,280
495
+ acute myelogenous leukemia ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:38,280 --> 00:11:41,920
499
+ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ classification ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cytochemistry
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:41,920 --> 00:11:45,660
503
+ ูˆ ุงู„ cytochemistry ู…ู† ุงุณู… cytochemistry ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:45,660 --> 00:11:51,560
507
+ ููŠู‡ chemical staining for staining the myeloid the
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:51,560 --> 00:11:57,040
511
+ blast cellูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ study ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูุฑู‚ between
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:57,040 --> 00:12:00,240
515
+ different types of ash of leukemia ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูˆุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:00,240 --> 00:12:05,340
519
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 70% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:05,340 --> 00:12:10,580
523
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 70% ู…ุน ุงู„ morphology ู…ู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:10,580 --> 00:12:14,580
527
+ ุงู„ leukemia can be classified
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:20,600
531
+ ูˆู…ู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ specialists ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ูŠ ุตุจุบุงุช
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:20,600 --> 00:12:24,700
535
+ ุจู†ุตุจุบ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู…ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:24,700 --> 00:12:30,000
539
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู…ุง ุงู„ granules ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:36,260
543
+ ุงู„ุตุจุบุงุช ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ myeloproxenase ูˆุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู†ูŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:36,260 --> 00:12:43,250
547
+ ุจู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑู‚ูˆุง ุดุนุฑ ู„ูŠู‡between acute
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:43,250 --> 00:12:46,410
551
+ lymphoplastic leukemia ูˆ acute myeloplastic
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:46,410 --> 00:12:51,830
555
+ leukemia ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ู… they are negative ููŠ acute
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:51,830 --> 00:12:57,230
559
+ lymphoplastic leukemia ูˆ positive ููŠ acute
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:57,230 --> 00:13:01,640
563
+ myelogenous leukemiaุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ specific for
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:01,640 --> 00:13:07,020
567
+ a special type of AML
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:07,020 --> 00:13:12,800
571
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ non specific esterase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ M4 M5
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:12,800 --> 00:13:17,140
575
+ it's positive in M4 M5 ูˆ ุงู„ PAS ุงูˆ periodic acid
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:17,140 --> 00:13:22,880
579
+ shift ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจู‚ ุงูˆ ุจุฏูŠู†ุง positive ููŠ ุงู„ common
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:22,880 --> 00:13:28,460
583
+ acute lymphoplastic leukemia ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ M6 ููŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:28,460 --> 00:13:35,120
587
+ ุงู„myeloidูˆุงู„ุงุณุฏ ููˆุณูุงุชูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ specific for TALL
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:40,300
591
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ T acute lymphoplastic leukemia ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุถุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:40,300 --> 00:13:46,460
595
+ ุจ plugs positive in M6 ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:46,460 --> 00:13:50,040
599
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ classification ูˆู‡ู‰
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:50,040 --> 00:13:58,040
603
+ ุฃุฏุงุกุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ immunological reaction ู…ุงุดูŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:58,040 --> 00:14:05,360
607
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง immunophenotyping ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:05,360 --> 00:14:08,840
611
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… for lymphocytes
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:10,940 --> 00:14:17,040
615
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ B ูˆ T cell lineage ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:17,040 --> 00:14:22,660
619
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠู‡ุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:22,660 --> 00:14:31,320
623
+ monoclonal antibody against surface marker ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:31,320 --> 00:14:36,880
627
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชู‚ู†ูŠูƒ ุงู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† by using primary antibody
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:42,830
631
+ directly or indirectlyุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:42,830 --> 00:14:47,710
635
+ technique ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ุง direct anti
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:47,710 --> 00:14:50,070
639
+ -fluorescent antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง positive ุจุนู…ู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:50,070 --> 00:14:55,970
643
+ fluoresce ุงูˆ indirect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ by using anti
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:55,970 --> 00:15:00,150
647
+ -antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ positive for cell
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:15:00,150 --> 00:15:05,570
651
+ surface markerุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:05,570 --> 00:15:16,650
655
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง fluorescent dye can
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:16,650 --> 00:15:20,910
659
+ be seen by fluorescent microscope or by using flow
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:20,910 --> 00:15:25,810
663
+ cytometer ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุฎุดุด ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนู„ู‰laser beam ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:25,810 --> 00:15:31,330
667
+ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุนุฏู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ fluorescent by by tagging
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:31,330 --> 00:15:35,230
671
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด tagging ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุฏ ุจุช tag tag ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:35,230 --> 00:15:40,090
675
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ for positive or for the presence
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:40,090 --> 00:15:46,950
679
+ of surface marker ูˆู‡ูŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:46,950 --> 00:15:53,260
683
+ techniques ุงู…ุง direct antibody by usingุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:53,260 --> 00:15:59,140
687
+ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠู†ุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:59,140 --> 00:15:59,420
691
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠู†ุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:59,420 --> 00:15:59,420
695
+ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠู†ุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:59,420 --> 00:16:00,240
699
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:00,240 --> 00:16:03,000
703
+ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:05,000
707
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:09,360
711
+ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุช
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:09,360 --> 00:16:14,270
715
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณุงุจุงู„ู€ Anti-antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Anti
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:14,270 --> 00:16:18,490
719
+ -mouse Anti-body ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ secondary antibody
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:18,490 --> 00:16:23,250
723
+ ูˆ ุงู„ secondary ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† fluorinated
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:23,250 --> 00:16:28,070
727
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ุชูŠู†ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:28,070 --> 00:16:31,690
731
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ is more specific ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ it's more
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:31,690 --> 00:16:32,150
735
+ accurate
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:35,020 --> 00:16:39,820
739
+ ุฃูŠ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณู†ุช ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณูŠุชูˆู…ูŠุชุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:39,820 --> 00:16:49,420
743
+ ุจู†ุฎุดุด ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง through a pore ูุชุญุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ by cell by
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:49,420 --> 00:16:54,640
747
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ single cell ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ laser ุจูŠู‡
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:59,540
751
+ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ laser ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนุฏู„ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุทุน ูˆ ูƒู„
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:59,540 --> 00:17:07,120
755
+ ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุทุน ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงูŠุด ูƒู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุฏ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:07,120 --> 00:17:10,360
759
+ ุจู†ุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:10,360 --> 00:17:17,460
763
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง positive ุงูˆ fluorescent dye ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:17,460 --> 00:17:24,080
767
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุตุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฏู‡ ู…ุซุงู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:26,960
771
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ fluorescent ุงูˆ ุงู„ flow cytometry ุงู„ู„ูŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:30,620
775
+ ู‚ูŠุงุณู†ุง ู„ู„ thermal deoxy transferaseู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:17:30,620 --> 00:17:34,360
779
+ ุงู†ุฒูŠู† ูŠูˆู†ูŠูƒ ุฏูŠ ุงู† ุงูŠ ุจูˆู„ูŠ ู…ุงุฑูŠุฒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ stem
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:17:34,360 --> 00:17:39,760
783
+ cell ุงูˆ ุงู„ precursor cell of both B and T
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:44,560 --> 00:17:48,640
787
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Lymphoplasts ูˆ Lymphoplastic Leukemia ุฃูƒุชุฑ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:48,640 --> 00:17:53,860
791
+ ู…ู† 90% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ุง positive ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง we
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:53,860 --> 00:17:58,960
795
+ can use we can detect it by using appropriate
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:58,960 --> 00:18:04,600
799
+ antibody on a flow cytometry ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:04,600 --> 00:18:11,200
803
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง according to immunological approach ุงู„ู„ูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:17,290
807
+ ุชูˆูŠ ุญุงูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุชูŠ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ acute myeloid
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:17,290 --> 00:18:20,970
811
+ leukemia ู…ุงุดูŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:18:20,970 --> 00:18:26,750
815
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุงู„ myeloblast ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง CD13
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:18:26,750 --> 00:18:34,030
819
+ positive ูˆ CD33 positive ูˆ TDT negative ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงู„ูƒู…
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:18:34,030 --> 00:18:40,220
823
+ ุงู„ CD ูŠุนู†ูŠ cluster of differentiationุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุชุงุด
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:40,220 --> 00:18:44,960
827
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู€ Monoclonal Antibody ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฑุทู‚ ุงู„ุงุชูุงุนู„
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:53,020
831
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:53,020 --> 00:18:58,540
835
+ ุจุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ different types of cell ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:58,540 --> 00:19:02,640
839
+ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠูƒู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูุฑู‚ between different types of ุงูŠุด
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:19:02,640 --> 00:19:07,760
843
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ numerical techniqueู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:19:07,760 --> 00:19:14,220
847
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู…ูุฑุฒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:19:14,220 --> 00:19:14,920
851
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:19:17,660 --> 00:19:20,980
855
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Myeloplast ู…ุดุงู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:19:20,980 --> 00:19:24,340
859
+ lymphoplast ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงู„ myeloplast ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:24,340 --> 00:19:30,280
863
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญุฉ CD13 positive ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง CD33 positive
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:34,040
867
+ ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ TDT ุฏูˆู‡ูˆ ุชูŠุฑู…ูŠู†ุงู„ ุฏูŠูˆูƒุณูŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:34,040 --> 00:19:38,180
871
+ ุฑุงูŠุจูˆู†ูŠูˆู‡ู„ูŠูˆุชุงูŠุฏูŠู„ ุชุฑุงู†ุณูุฑูŠุฒ ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:38,180 --> 00:19:43,540
875
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ lymphoplast ู…ุด ููŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:43,540 --> 00:19:50,470
879
+ ุงู„ myeloplastุฃูŠุถุง ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ special antibody
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:50,470 --> 00:19:55,890
883
+ can be used for M6 ูˆ M7 ูู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ M6 ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:55,890 --> 00:20:00,530
887
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† glycoporin A positive ูˆ ุงู„ glycoporin A ู‡ุฐุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:20:00,530 --> 00:20:04,630
891
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ antigen ุชุจุน ุงู„ blood group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:20:04,630 --> 00:20:09,930
895
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง still ุจูŠูƒูˆู† positive ูˆ M7 ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:20:09,930 --> 00:20:16,980
899
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง CD 41 ูˆ CD 42 ูˆ CD 61 positiveุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:20:16,980 --> 00:20:21,200
903
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Myeloplast ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ CD 13 ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:26,080
907
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† positive TDT negative ูˆ M6 ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:31,220
911
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ุงุฌููˆุฑูŠู† A positive ูˆ M7 ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ CD 41 42
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:31,220 --> 00:20:36,200
915
+ 61 positive ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:36,200 --> 00:20:41,300
919
+ ุงู„ lymphoplastic leukemia ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุงู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:41,300 --> 00:20:47,500
923
+ ุดู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ immunophenotaping ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃูƒุชุฑู„ู„ู…ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:20:47,500 --> 00:20:52,140
927
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช ุดูˆ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุนุฑู ุงุญู†ุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:52,140 --> 00:20:59,240
931
+ ุงู„ู…ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุช ุงู…ุง ุจูŠ ูˆุงู…ุง ุชูŠ ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:59,240 --> 00:21:04,580
935
+ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ precursor ุจูŠ ุซู… ุงู„ ุจูŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:21:04,580 --> 00:21:09,240
939
+ ูุฌุงู„ูˆ ุงู„ precursor ุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD19
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:21:09,240 --> 00:21:14,890
943
+ positive ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง cytoplasmicCD22
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:21:14,890 --> 00:21:19,430
947
+ Positive ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Cytoplasm ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€TDT
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:21:19,430 --> 00:21:23,290
951
+ Positive ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† TDT Positive ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:21:23,290 --> 00:21:28,970
955
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€Lymphoplasty ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ precursor ุจุชุดู…ู„
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:28,970 --> 00:21:35,630
959
+ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู€CD ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ู… ุฌุงู†ูˆุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:35,630 --> 00:21:38,350
963
+ ููŠ ุงู„ Common Type Common Acute Lymphoplastic
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:38,350 --> 00:21:45,620
967
+ Leukemia ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€CD10 Positive ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุจุฃูƒูŠูˆุช
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:45,620 --> 00:21:49,400
971
+ ู„ู†ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† CD10 ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:54,140
975
+ ู†ุงู„ูˆุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ูˆููŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุฃูƒูŠูˆุช ู„ู†ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:54,140 --> 00:21:58,180
979
+ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู…ุง CD10 positive ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:58,180 --> 00:22:04,460
983
+ CD10 ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ precursor P
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:22:04,460 --> 00:22:08,500
987
+ ุฅู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุฃูƒูŠูˆุช ู„ู†ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ mature
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:22:08,500 --> 00:22:14,200
991
+ type of ุจูŠ ุฃูƒูŠูˆุช ู„ู†ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ู€
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:19,900
995
+ CD19 positive ูˆ Cytoplasm 22 positive ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:19,900 --> 00:22:22,920
999
+ ุจุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุตุงุฑุช mature ุงู†ู‡ ูู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:22,920 --> 00:22:26,480
1003
+ ุงู…ูŠู†oglobulin ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ surface ุงู…ูŠู†oglobulin is
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:32,120
1007
+ positive ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ TDT is negative ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ TDT is
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:32,120 --> 00:22:36,660
1011
+ negativeุŸู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู† ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุช
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:36,660 --> 00:22:41,160
1015
+ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ูƒู†ุชุฑูˆู„ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immature Form ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:47,640
1019
+ ุนู† ุนู„ุดุงู† ุงู„ู€ Immature Form ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:50,440
1023
+ ุงู„ู€ T-Acute Lymphopnostic Leukemia ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:57,300
1027
+ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ CD ู‡ุงุชู ุจุณ ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู‡ุงุชููŠุฉ ุฒูŠ CD007 positive ูˆ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:57,300 --> 00:23:02,940
1031
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ CD-Cytoplasmic CD3 positiveูˆุฃูŠุถุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:23:02,940 --> 00:23:11,120
1035
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ TdT Positive ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูˆุง ูŠุญูƒูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ..
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:11,120 --> 00:23:15,860
1039
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠูุงุช ุงู„ู€ Lymphoplastic Leukemia
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:15,860 --> 00:23:20,500
1043
+ whether it's L1 or L2 or L3 ุฌุงู„ูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงูƒูŠุฏ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:20,500 --> 00:23:26,800
1047
+ Lymphoplastic Leukemia ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† L3 ุจูŠู†ู…ุง CD10
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:31,730
1051
+ Positive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ common ูˆ ุงู„ nullุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:31,730 --> 00:23:32,590
1055
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:32,590 --> 00:23:37,290
1059
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:37,290 --> 00:23:41,990
1063
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:41,990 --> 00:23:45,390
1067
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:45,390 --> 00:23:46,970
1071
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:46,970 --> 00:23:49,030
1075
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:49,030 --> 00:23:58,290
1079
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุชู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:58,630 --> 00:24:02,150
1083
+ ุทุจ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ Immunophenotype ู…ูŠู†
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:02,150 --> 00:24:06,650
1087
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ By immunophenotype ูŠุนู†ูŠ By this
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:06,650 --> 00:24:15,150
1091
+ classification technique ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ู„ู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ุงู†ู‡
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:15,150 --> 00:24:20,490
1095
+ ุงู„ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ูุณุงูŠุช ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุฏูˆุด ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:20,490 --> 00:24:27,360
1099
+ progenitor cell ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„CD ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:32,620
1103
+ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† positive ูˆ CD ุชุณุนุชุงุด positive
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:32,620 --> 00:24:38,540
1107
+ CD ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ู‚ุงุจุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ stencil marker ูุงุญู†ุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:38,540 --> 00:24:46,380
1111
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุฌุงุนุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ very immature stages ุงูŠูˆุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:46,380 --> 00:24:50,480
1115
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ cytoplasmic CD ุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† positive
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:54,530 --> 00:25:01,450
1119
+ ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ positive ูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ positive ุขูŠุงุช ูƒู…ุงู†
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:25:01,450 --> 00:25:07,530
1123
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ pre B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ TTT positive
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:25:07,530 --> 00:25:13,170
1127
+ ุซู… ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ุนุดุฑ ุงูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆ surface ุจุฏู„
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:25:13,170 --> 00:25:17,510
1131
+ cytoplasmic surface CD 22 positive
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:20,110 --> 00:25:27,450
1135
+ Cytoplasmic Immunoglobulin-MU ุงูˆู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:27,450 --> 00:25:31,170
1139
+ ู…ุจุชุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€Cytoplasm ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:31,170 --> 00:25:37,270
1143
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€Mature Form TDT
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:37,270 --> 00:25:42,160
1147
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ mature form ุจุงูƒูŠุฏ ู„ูŠู†ููˆ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:42,160 --> 00:25:48,040
1151
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ุจุฑุงุญุฉ TDT ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุตูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:48,040 --> 00:25:54,420
1155
+ ููŠ ุงู„ mature ูˆ 19 ูˆ 20 ูˆ surface TDT 28 positive ูˆ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:54,420 --> 00:25:55,700
1159
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญุฉ surface
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:25:59,940 --> 00:26:06,540
1163
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูƒู„ ููŠู‡ ุงูˆ ุชู†ุตุงุจ ุจู€ different types of
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:26:06,540 --> 00:26:08,720
1167
+ leukemia ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ chronic lymphocytic leukemia ูˆ ุงู„
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:11,300
1171
+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia ูˆ ุงู„ pro lymphocytic
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:26:11,300 --> 00:26:16,580
1175
+ leukemia ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ู„ูŠุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ุฐูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:26:16,580 --> 00:26:18,720
1179
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ูˆold and strong
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:22,960
1183
+ microglobulinemia ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ multiple
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:26,500
1187
+ myeloma ุงูˆ ุงู„asbestosis ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจู‡ุง ุฏู‰ ุงู„
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:26:26,500 --> 00:26:30,280
1191
+ markers different markers are seenaccording to
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:30,280 --> 00:26:34,680
1195
+ different stage of maturation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฑูƒุฑ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:38,020
1199
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุชุนุฑู which stage is
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:38,020 --> 00:26:43,260
1203
+ involved or is seen ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ T ุจุณ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:26:43,260 --> 00:26:45,900
1207
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ T ู…ุงุดูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:47,830 --> 00:26:52,150
1211
+ TDT ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู€ Procytes ูˆ Thymocytes ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:52,150 --> 00:27:00,630
1215
+ present ูˆ Cytoplasmic CD3 ู…ุน CD7 ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ Cortical
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:27:00,630 --> 00:27:04,810
1219
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ Thymocytes ุฑุงุญุช ุนู„ู‰
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:27:04,810 --> 00:27:08,970
1223
+ Thymus ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ TDT still there ูˆ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:27:08,970 --> 00:27:14,640
1227
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดูˆููˆู† ูƒู„ู‡ู…ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูƒู†ุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:18,080
1231
+ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ B ุนู„ู‰ ุชุณุนุชุงุด ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:18,080 --> 00:27:23,640
1235
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:23,640 --> 00:27:28,500
1239
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ T ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mature form ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:28,500 --> 00:27:33,480
1243
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† CD4 ุงูˆ CD8 ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒู„
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:33,480 --> 00:27:33,880
1247
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:37,630 --> 00:27:41,070
1251
+ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ cytogenetic
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:41,070 --> 00:27:45,710
1255
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุณุฌู„ุช ุญุงู„ุงุช chromosomal abnormality
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:45,710 --> 00:27:50,930
1259
+ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:50,930 --> 00:27:52,530
1263
+ cytogenetic abnormality
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:55,080 --> 00:27:59,140
1267
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู„ู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:59,140 --> 00:28:11,040
1271
+ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:28:11,040 --> 00:28:12,020
1275
+ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:28:12,020 --> 00:28:12,640
1279
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:28:12,640 --> 00:28:12,860
1283
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:12,860 --> 00:28:13,680
1287
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:13,680
1291
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:13,680
1295
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:13,820
1299
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:13,820 --> 00:28:20,230
1303
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุงู„ู€
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:20,230 --> 00:28:26,790
1307
+ specific chromosomal abnormality ูˆุงู„ู†ุช ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุณุฌู„ุช
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:26,790 --> 00:28:29,750
1311
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช chromosomal abnormality ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:29,750 --> 00:28:35,830
1315
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† translocation ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ูŠูˆุจู„ุงูŠุฏูŠ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:38,070 --> 00:28:43,730
1319
+ ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูƒุฏู†ุณูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:43,730 --> 00:28:51,350
1323
+ ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ ุจุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงุจู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:51,350 --> 00:28:51,990
1327
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:54,510 --> 00:28:59,030
1331
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‚ุจู„ ู„ุนุจุฉ ู†ุดูˆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุฏุฏ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:59,030 --> 00:29:02,030
1335
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู…ุฉ ู„ุงุจ ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ molecular
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:02,030 --> 00:29:04,890
1339
+ technique ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงูˆ ุงู„ cytogenetic technique
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:04,890 --> 00:29:09,930
1343
+ ูˆ ุงูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ techniques ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ traditional
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:09,930 --> 00:29:16,310
1347
+ method ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ carry typing ูˆ ููŠ ุงุฎุฑ DNA based
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:16,310 --> 00:29:20,570
1351
+ technique ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจุฑุถู‡
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:22,520 --> 00:29:29,740
1355
+ ุจู†ุชุนุฑู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ chromosome ุงู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:29,740 --> 00:29:36,060
1359
+ abnormality ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:36,060 --> 00:29:38,760
1363
+ ุงู„ chromosome ุงู„ abnormality ููŠ ุงู„ malignancy
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:38,760 --> 00:29:42,740
1367
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ prognosis is bad ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:42,740 --> 00:29:47,820
1371
+ normal ูƒุงู„ retyping ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ good prognosis ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:47,820 --> 00:29:55,480
1375
+ ุฃู†ู‡future of disease is better than the
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:55,480 --> 00:30:01,900
1379
+ chromosomal abnormality ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ translocation
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:01,900 --> 00:30:07,900
1383
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู… ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ qr
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:07,900 --> 00:30:12,120
1387
+ ู…ู‚ุจูˆุธ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ translocation ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงุญู†ุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:17,520
1391
+ ุชุฎุทูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ molecular biology ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:17,520 --> 00:30:22,200
1395
+ ู„ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุชุงูŠู…ุจู†ุดูˆู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ุตูุท ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ูˆุงุญุฏ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:25,360
1399
+ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:25,360 --> 00:30:30,900
1403
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตุบุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:30,900 --> 00:30:39,520
1407
+ ุฒูŠุจู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุตูุทู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุชูุฑุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ูˆ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:30:39,520 --> 00:30:41,520
1411
+ ู‡ู„ ููŠ abnormality ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงููŠุด
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:30:43,980 --> 00:30:47,000
1415
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุณุช ุฏูŠ ุงุชุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒุฑูˆู…ุฒูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุจู†ุงุก
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:50,940
1419
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุชู‰ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:50,940 --> 00:30:56,580
1423
+ ุงูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:56,580 --> 00:31:00,800
1427
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูููŠ ุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชู„ูŠู†ู ูˆ ุงู„
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:31:00,800 --> 00:31:04,370
1431
+ plasticููŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ Translocation
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:04,370 --> 00:31:08,250
1435
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ Brady ุงุชู„ุช ู„ูŠู…ููˆ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:08,250 --> 00:31:13,950
1439
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ููŠ ููŠ Translocation ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:13,950 --> 00:31:19,060
1443
+ ูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:19,060 --> 00:31:23,200
1447
+ ูƒูŠูˆุชู„ูŠู†ูุฑ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒู„ุง ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:28,420
1451
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† Translocation ุจุณ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู…
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:28,420 --> 00:31:31,640
1455
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ is involved ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุด ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:31:31,640 --> 00:31:37,240
1459
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ is present
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:31:37,240 --> 00:31:40,740
1463
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ T ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:31:40,740 --> 00:31:43,840
1467
+ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ Translocation ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:43,840 --> 00:31:49,490
1471
+ ุงุฎุชุงุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ูˆ Translocation 1114ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:49,490 --> 00:31:56,450
1475
+ Myeloid Leukemia ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† M0 ู„ M7 ุงู†ุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:56,450 --> 00:32:00,750
1479
+ ุงุฎุชุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน M2 ููŠู‡ุง Translocation 28 ูˆ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:32:00,750 --> 00:32:07,850
1483
+ 21 M3 Translocation 15 ูˆ 17 M4 Invergence 16 ุงูˆ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:32:07,850 --> 00:32:13,110
1487
+ Translocation ุจูŠู† 16 ูˆ 16 ูˆ M5 Deletion ุงูˆ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:32:13,110 --> 00:32:16,980
1491
+ Translocation ููŠ 11 ูˆ M6ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Translocation ู…ุง
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:32:16,980 --> 00:32:25,140
1495
+ ุจูŠู† 8 ูˆ 16 ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูุธู†ุง ุจู‡ูŠูƒ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:32:25,140 --> 00:32:29,360
1499
+ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cytogenetic
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:37,880
1503
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 99% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุนุดุงู† ุงูƒูˆู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:32:37,880 --> 00:32:41,940
1507
+ 97% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† can be classified
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:32:41,940 --> 00:32:47,690
1511
+ can be known can be diagnosedูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:32:47,690 --> 00:32:53,130
1515
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ which have both ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ myeloid and
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:53,130 --> 00:32:57,870
1519
+ lymphoid series ุฃูˆ surface ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง acute
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:57,870 --> 00:33:03,470
1523
+ undifferentiated leukemia ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ pathophysiology
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:33:03,470 --> 00:33:08,690
1527
+ of acute leukemia ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ acute leukemia ู„ุฃู†
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:33:08,690 --> 00:33:12,750
1531
+ ุงู„ acute leukemia ุจุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ morbidity ูˆ ุงู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:33:12,750 --> 00:33:19,290
1535
+ mortalityู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ general mechanism ุงูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:33:19,290 --> 00:33:22,390
1539
+ deficiency in normal blood cell number or function
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:22,390 --> 00:33:27,750
1543
+ normal cell ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงุญู„ุงู„ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:33:27,750 --> 00:33:32,650
1547
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู†ู…ุฑู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† invasion of
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:33:32,650 --> 00:33:37,230
1551
+ vital organs ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎุฒู‚ ุงู„
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:33:37,230 --> 00:33:40,030
1555
+ body organs
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:41,790 --> 00:33:46,190
1559
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ impairment ู„ู„ function of the
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:33:46,190 --> 00:33:52,790
1563
+ organ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ metabolic disturbances ุงูˆ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:33:52,790 --> 00:33:56,670
1567
+ systemic disturbances ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชุฎุฑุจุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:56,670 --> 00:34:02,450
1571
+ metabolism ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ imbalances ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:34:02,450 --> 00:34:06,310
1575
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ูˆู‡ูˆ deficiency of normal blood cell number
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:34:06,310 --> 00:34:10,030
1579
+ and function ูˆุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ bone marrow failureุฃุดู‡ุฑ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:34:10,030 --> 00:34:14,110
1583
+ ุญุงุฌุงุชู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ .. ู…ุงููŠุด .. ู…ุงููŠุด normal cell ูุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:34:14,110 --> 00:34:20,130
1587
+ ุจูŠู‚ุด ููŠ infection ููŠ hemorrhage ูˆ ููŠ anemia ูˆ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:34:20,130 --> 00:34:27,830
1591
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุดุฎุต ุจุญุงู„ุฉ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:34:27,830 --> 00:34:33,230
1595
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฏู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:33,230 --> 00:34:38,750
1599
+ tissueุฃูˆ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุนุจ ููŠ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:38,750 --> 00:34:41,810
1603
+ ุงู„ู€ spleen ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lymph nodes ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุฌู…ุจ ู…ุฑุฉ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:34:41,810 --> 00:34:44,970
1607
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุทุจุนุง sorry ููŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:34:44,970 --> 00:34:48,390
1611
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุจุณ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:48,390 --> 00:34:53,710
1615
+ generalized bone pain ูˆ other organs that can be
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:34:53,710 --> 00:34:56,130
1619
+ infiltrated ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ central nervous system , skin
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:34:56,130 --> 00:35:00,050
1623
+ testes and any organs in the body ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠุณูƒุฑ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:00,050 --> 00:35:04,180
1627
+ ู…ู† ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู…ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:35:04,180 --> 00:35:08,440
1631
+ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนุดุด ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุนุถูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถุงุก
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:15,700
1635
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจู‡ ุจุฅู†ูุงุฑุดู†
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:15,700 --> 00:35:19,240
1639
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุณูŠุฑ non-functioning ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gum
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:19,240 --> 00:35:24,060
1643
+ hypertrophy ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุงู„ involvement of gum
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:24,560 --> 00:35:29,180
1647
+ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงุฎุชูุช ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุจุฑุช ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ mass ูƒู„ู†ุง ููŠ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:29,180 --> 00:35:34,020
1651
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ mass of cell ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:34,020 --> 00:35:41,700
1655
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‡ูŠุฃ ุฃูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ chloromass ุงูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ skin
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:41,700 --> 00:35:45,500
1659
+ involvement ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงูˆ ููŠ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:35:45,500 --> 00:35:48,340
1663
+ other place ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:56,600
1667
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ูุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุชุงุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุชุงุณูŠุฒ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:35:56,600 --> 00:36:01,380
1671
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุชุงุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ tumor ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:01,380 --> 00:36:08,160
1675
+ accumulation of blood in micro circulation ูˆ ุจุชุญุดุฑ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:15,500
1679
+ ุจุชุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ blood vessels ู…ู† ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:36:15,500 --> 00:36:20,970
1683
+ perfusionุงู„ู€ Perfusion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:36:20,970 --> 00:36:26,890
1687
+ ุจุงู„ุฏู… ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุณูƒู‘ู„ ุงู„ูˆุนุงุก ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠุจุทู„ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ููŠ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:26,890 --> 00:36:30,030
1691
+ ุงู„ูˆุนุงุก ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ impairment ู„ู„ู€
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:30,030 --> 00:36:35,470
1695
+ Perfusion ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ischemia ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:36:35,470 --> 00:36:39,070
1699
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ organs ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃูˆ ููŠ blood
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:36:39,070 --> 00:36:42,810
1703
+ vessels ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ูููŠ ุงู„ lung ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:36:42,810 --> 00:36:48,910
1707
+ ุงุจูˆูƒุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ูู„ุณ ุจุฏุง ุงู„ .. ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Pulmonary
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:36:48,910 --> 00:36:54,630
1711
+ Infiltrate ูˆ ุงู„ Alveoli ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตูŠุฑ impaired
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:36:54,630 --> 00:37:01,790
1715
+ ูุงู„ Central Nervous System ุจุนู…ู„ stroke ูˆ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:37:01,790 --> 00:37:08,470
1719
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง Leukostatic ุงู„ tumor ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:08,470 --> 00:37:12,950
1723
+ blood cell ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฃู„ููŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุฌูˆุณูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:12,950 --> 00:37:19,050
1727
+ ููŠู‡ hyper leukocytosis ููŠ ุบุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:37:19,050 --> 00:37:22,850
1731
+ ููŠู‡ sanctuary site relapse ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู‚ู…ูƒ infiltration
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:37:22,850 --> 00:37:27,950
1735
+ of testis and meninges ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:27,950 --> 00:37:33,350
1739
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง sanctuary ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:37:33,350 --> 00:37:37,640
1743
+ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉู„ูŠุด ุงู…ุงูƒู† ุญู…ุงูŠุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠูƒุง ุจู„ุงุณุช ุชุชุฎุจู‰
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:37:37,640 --> 00:37:41,160
1747
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ู„ุฃุณู ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูˆุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุตู„
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:37:41,160 --> 00:37:48,560
1751
+ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ meninges ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:37:48,560 --> 00:37:54,640
1755
+ testis ู‡ูŠ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ drug cytotoxic is
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:37:54,640 --> 00:38:00,090
1759
+ purely between these organsูู‡ุฐุง ุดูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุนู…ู„ ุจุนุฏ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:00,090 --> 00:38:03,290
1763
+ ู…ุง ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุฑุงุจูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ relapse ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุดูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:38:03,290 --> 00:38:06,890
1767
+ ุจุนุฌุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู†
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:38:06,890 --> 00:38:11,670
1771
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจ .. ุช .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:38:11,670 --> 00:38:19,230
1775
+ circulation ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจ .. ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:38:19,230 --> 00:38:24,010
1779
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง relapse ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ recurrent
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:38:24,010 --> 00:38:25,890
1783
+ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:38:27,570 --> 00:38:30,050
1787
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง Acute Leukemia ุจุชุนู…ู„
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:38:30,050 --> 00:38:33,130
1791
+ Metabolic Disturbances ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง Hyponatremia
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:38:33,130 --> 00:38:38,970
1795
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ Sodium ูˆุฏู‰ ุนุงุฏุฉ common ููŠ ุงู„ Acute Non
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:38:38,970 --> 00:38:43,530
1799
+ -Lymphoplastic Leukemia ูˆุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ as a
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:38:43,530 --> 00:38:47,770
1803
+ result or as a secondary of production of
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:38:47,770 --> 00:38:51,070
1807
+ Vasopressin-like substance ุงู„ Vasopressin-like
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:38:51,070 --> 00:38:54,830
1811
+ substance ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ Granules ุงู„ู„ู‰
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:38:54,830 --> 00:39:01,150
1815
+ ู‡ู‰ ุจุชุนู…ู„DIC ููŠ ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุซู… Hypokalemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:39:01,150 --> 00:39:05,990
1819
+ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุฃูŠุถุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠูˆุช ู…ูˆุฑูŠูˆู„ูˆ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:39:05,990 --> 00:39:10,310
1823
+ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงูˆุงู„ู€ Acute Monoplastic
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:39:10,310 --> 00:39:14,770
1827
+ Leukemia ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุชุบุฑุจ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:39:14,770 --> 00:39:18,630
1831
+ ุงู„ูƒุฏู† ุงูŠุถุง
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:39:18,630 --> 00:39:24,870
1835
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู… ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠู„ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:39:24,870 --> 00:39:29,930
1839
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุฑูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠู…ูŠุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:39:29,930 --> 00:39:33,370
1843
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:39:33,370 --> 00:39:39,990
1847
+ Hyperูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:39:39,990 --> 00:39:45,250
1851
+ hyperuricemia ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ renal damage ุงูˆ renal
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:39:45,250 --> 00:39:50,330
1855
+ failure ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰ dialysis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:39:50,330 --> 00:39:57,610
1859
+ ุบุณูŠู„ ูƒูŠู„ุฉ ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนุฏู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:39:57,610 --> 00:40:02,850
1863
+ renal damageุจุฏุงุด ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุงู† ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ cytotoxic drug
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:40:02,850 --> 00:40:07,530
1867
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูุฑูˆ toxic ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ toxic
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:40:07,530 --> 00:40:13,590
1871
+ ู„ู„ู†ูุฑุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ูƒุฏู†ู‰ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ severity
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:40:13,590 --> 00:40:21,530
1875
+ of minor metabolic disturbances ูˆ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:40:21,530 --> 00:40:25,270
1879
+ secondary to massive cell lysis ุทุจุนุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:40:25,270 --> 00:40:31,460
1883
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ renal damage ู…ู†ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:40:31,460 --> 00:40:35,540
1887
+ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุชูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:40:35,540 --> 00:40:39,360
1891
+ therapy induced ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ drug ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:40:39,360 --> 00:40:43,620
1895
+ chemotherapy ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† toxic drug ููŠ ุทุจุนุง
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:40:43,620 --> 00:40:48,160
1899
+ constitutional symptoms ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† fever ู…ู†
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:40:48,160 --> 00:40:53,400
1903
+ sweets which is common ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ high metabolic rate
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:40:53,400 --> 00:41:01,500
1907
+ of .. ุงู„ metabolism ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:41:01,500 --> 00:41:06,220
1911
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุนุฑู‚ ุณูˆูŠุท ูˆ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูุธูŠุน
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:41:06,220 --> 00:41:09,800
1915
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ laboratory feature ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:13,740
1919
+ white blood cell ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู†
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:41:13,740 --> 00:41:16,920
1923
+ ุชูƒูˆู† normal ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† low ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:41:16,920 --> 00:41:23,870
1927
+ acute leukemia ุงู„ white blood cell is variableู†ู…ุฑุฉ
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:41:23,870 --> 00:41:27,350
1931
+ 2 ุจู€ Blast ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blood ู†ู…ุฑุฉ 3
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:41:27,350 --> 00:41:30,070
1935
+ ููŠ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Normal Cystic
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:41:30,070 --> 00:41:35,170
1939
+ Normochronic ูˆููŠ Thrombocytopenia ูˆููŠ Neutropenia
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:41:35,170 --> 00:41:40,730
1943
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ DICุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:41:40,730 --> 00:41:43,550
1947
+ bone marrow ููŠ ุงู„ acute leukemia ุงู„ bone marrow
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:41:43,550 --> 00:41:48,490
1951
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† it's necessary for diagnosis ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุง ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:41:48,490 --> 00:41:50,610
1955
+ chemotherapy ูˆุนู„ุงุฌ ุฅู„ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ bone marrow
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:41:50,610 --> 00:41:56,950
1959
+ investment ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ bone marrow ุจู†ุญุฏุฏ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:41:56,950 --> 00:42:02,930
1963
+ leukemia ูˆู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ prognosis ูˆ acute leukemia
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:42:02,930 --> 00:42:07,130
1967
+ ุฃูŠุถุงุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุจุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:42:07,130 --> 00:42:10,990
1971
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชู ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆู†
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:42:10,990 --> 00:42:16,170
1975
+ is a definition of leukemia ูƒูŠู ู†ูุฑุฎ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ acute
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:42:16,170 --> 00:42:18,390
1979
+ myeloid leukemia ูˆ ุงู„ acute lymphoplastic
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:42:18,390 --> 00:42:22,130
1983
+ leukemiaุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ light microscopy ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠ ุงู„
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:42:22,130 --> 00:42:25,670
1987
+ acute myeloid leukemia ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏ body ูˆููŠู‡ granules
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:42:25,670 --> 00:42:28,770
1991
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ acute lymphoplastic leukemia ู„ุง ููŠ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:42:28,770 --> 00:42:33,540
1995
+ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏ body ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ granulesุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… flow
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:42:33,540 --> 00:42:37,620
1999
+ cytometry ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ูุฑุฌ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ CD ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:42:37,620 --> 00:42:42,500
2003
+ immunophenotyping ุฃูˆ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… special stain ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:42:42,500 --> 00:42:47,940
2007
+ cytochemical staining ูˆุฏู‡ ุดูƒู„ acute myeloplastic
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:42:47,940 --> 00:42:52,080
2011
+ leukemia ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:42:52,080 --> 00:42:58,370
2015
+ granular ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏ bodyููŠู‡ุง ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงูŠ ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูˆ
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:42:58,370 --> 00:43:04,330
2019
+ ู„ุง ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุงู„ purple to blue ุงูˆ color of the cell
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:43:04,330 --> 00:43:07,010
2023
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงูŠ acute myeloid leukemia ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆ
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:43:07,010 --> 00:43:11,290
2027
+ ุงู„ุงุซูŠุชูŠูƒ ุนู…ู„ุช license of the cell ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:43:11,290 --> 00:43:16,310
2031
+ release of granules ููŠ ุงู„ circulation ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูƒู…ุงู†
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:43:16,310 --> 00:43:20,230
2035
+ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ body ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:43:20,230 --> 00:43:25,550
2039
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุฃูƒูŠูˆุช
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:43:25,550 --> 00:43:30,290
2043
+ ุจุฑูˆ ู…ุงูŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:43:30,290 --> 00:43:32,550
2047
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠูˆุชู„ูŠููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒู„ูŠูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:43:32,550 --> 00:43:35,610
2051
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงูŠู‡ granular ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ุญุฌู…
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:43:35,610 --> 00:43:39,870
2055
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠุชุฑุงุฌู†ุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ L2 ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:43:39,870 --> 00:43:43,170
2059
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ evacuation ููŠ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:43:43,170 --> 00:43:46,870
2063
+ ุงู„cytoplasm ูˆ still the cytoplasm is purple in
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:43:46,870 --> 00:43:51,270
2067
+ colorุจู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ Acute Leukemia ุฌูˆุงู†
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:43:51,270 --> 00:44:00,550
2071
+ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ูุชูˆุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆ ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู…
2072
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/P1BpBFbn3ds_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,840 --> 00:00:07,240
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ู„ุง ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ non
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,240 --> 00:00:11,300
7
+ -lochemical malignant myeloproliferative disorders
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:11,300 --> 00:00:16,820
11
+ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ primary thrombocythemia ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ูˆ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,820 --> 00:00:18,880
15
+ ุจู†ูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูุงู„ primary
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:18,880 --> 00:00:21,200
19
+ thrombocythemia ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† malignant clonal
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:21,200 --> 00:00:25,260
23
+ disorders ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ megakaryocytic
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:25,260 --> 00:00:30,640
27
+ hyperplasia ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู†ุนูƒุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:30,640 --> 00:00:34,320
31
+ circulating platelet count ุงู„ primary
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:38,620
35
+ thrombocythemia ู„ู‡ุง ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง essential
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:38,620 --> 00:00:41,680
39
+ thrombocythemia ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง idiopathic thrombocythemia
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:47,980
43
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง primary hemorrhagic thrombocythemia ุงู„
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:47,980 --> 00:00:54,520
47
+ incidence it's
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:54,520 --> 00:00:59,230
51
+ rare in children and young adultsูˆุงู„ู€ median age
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:59,230 --> 00:01:06,650
55
+ is 60 years ูˆุงู„ู€ men and women have equal
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:06,650 --> 00:01:12,810
59
+ frequency pathophysiology ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ platelet
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:12,810 --> 00:01:17,650
63
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนู…ู„ increase thromboembolism ูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:17,650 --> 00:01:22,010
67
+ increase hemorrhage ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ platelet ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ุฉ ูˆ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:22,010 --> 00:01:25,110
71
+ ุฃูŠุถุง splenomegaly ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ extra medullary
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:25,110 --> 00:01:30,550
75
+ hemopoiesisููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 80% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:30,550 --> 00:01:37,610
79
+ ููŠู‡ hepatomegaly ุงู„ clinical feature ุทุจุนุง
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:37,610 --> 00:01:40,950
83
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ platelet ุจุชูˆุตู„ ููŠ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:40,950 --> 00:01:44,830
87
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† platelet ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู†ุชูˆุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:44,830 --> 00:01:50,090
91
+ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ normal value ู‡ูŠ ู„ุง ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ 150 ู„450
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:50,090 --> 00:01:56,290
95
+ ุงู„ู plateletุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ platelet
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:56,290 --> 00:02:03,390
99
+ crumpling ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ shape ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:03,390 --> 00:02:09,890
103
+ ุซู… ู…ุงุฑุช ุฏูŠ platelet variation ููŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ููŠู‡
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:09,890 --> 00:02:14,730
107
+ fragment megakaryocytes ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช blood cell ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:14,730 --> 00:02:21,610
111
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุซู… ุงู„ hemoglobin ูˆ ุงู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:21,610 --> 00:02:26,980
115
+ RBC's are normalููŠ iron deficiency ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:26,980 --> 00:02:32,240
119
+ chronic hemorrhage ูˆ 25% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจูŠุฌู„ุจูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:32,240 --> 00:02:35,560
123
+ myelofibrosis ุฃูˆ primary proliferative
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:35,560 --> 00:02:42,880
127
+ polycythemia ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ acute non lymphoplastic
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:42,880 --> 00:02:48,260
131
+ leukemia ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ blood film ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:48,260 --> 00:02:51,100
135
+ ููŠู‡ platelet ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ููŠู‡ platelet clumping
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:53,600 --> 00:03:00,900
139
+ Treatment ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ May Not Require Treatment ู„ูƒู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:00,900 --> 00:03:05,180
143
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ู… Platelet Aphoresis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:05,180 --> 00:03:09,420
147
+ debulking ู„ู„ Platelet ูˆููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง ุงู„
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:09,420 --> 00:03:13,020
151
+ creating agent ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูู„ุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ุจูˆุตุฉ ุงู„ูุงู† ูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:13,020 --> 00:03:16,780
155
+ ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง Heparin ูˆ Warfarin ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:16,780 --> 00:03:18,460
159
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:18,460 --> 00:03:25,720
163
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุชุฃุณุจูŠุฑูŠู† ุจู†ุนุชู‡ as a prophylactic treatment
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:25,720 --> 00:03:31,860
167
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุบู†ูˆุฒุฒ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุณูŠุฑูุงูŠูู„ ุชุงูŠู… ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูˆ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:31,860 --> 00:03:34,760
171
+ ุงู„ disease of course ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุบู†ูˆุฒุฒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:34,760 --> 00:03:37,560
175
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ developed myelofibrosis ูƒุชู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:37,560 --> 00:03:41,160
179
+ transformation and this usually due to
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:47,400
183
+ cardiovascular complications ุงู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:49,310 --> 00:03:51,730
187
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู‡ูˆ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:51,730 --> 00:03:58,310
191
+ Myelofibrosis ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Myelofibrosis ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู…
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:58,310 --> 00:04:03,910
195
+ ููŠู‡ fibrosis ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ูˆ this is predominantly
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:03,910 --> 00:04:10,610
199
+ a disease of the middle-aged and elderly ูˆุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:10,610 --> 00:04:14,590
203
+ ุจุงู„ุขุชูŠ progressive collagen fibrosis of the bone
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:14,590 --> 00:04:20,050
207
+ marrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ bone marrow is fibroidูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฌุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:20,050 --> 00:04:25,210
211
+ ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆุณูŠุชูƒ ู‡ุงูŠุจุฑูŠุจู„ุงุฌูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆุณุงูŠุช ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:25,210 --> 00:04:28,470
215
+ ุฌุฏุง ู†ุณุจูŠู† ุงูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุณุชุฑุง ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุฑูŠ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:28,470 --> 00:04:31,460
219
+ ู‡ูŠู…ุงุชูˆ ุจูˆูŠุณูŠุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุงู…ุฏู‰ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ hyperplasia
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:31,460 --> 00:04:37,080
223
+ ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงุญุชู„ุงู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:37,080 --> 00:04:41,880
227
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆู†
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:44,680
231
+ ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:50,020
235
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงูƒุณุชุฑุงู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุงุฑูŠู‡ูŠู…ูˆุจูˆูŠุณุณ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:50,020 --> 00:04:55,420
239
+ ููŠ ุงู„ process ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ male ูˆ ุงู„ female equally
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:55,420 --> 00:04:56,920
243
+ pathophysiology
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:00,240 --> 00:05:04,660
247
+ Lethargy ูˆExercise Intolerance ูˆSecondary to
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:04,660 --> 00:05:08,680
251
+ Anemia ูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:08,680 --> 00:05:12,440
255
+ ุซู… Weight Loss ูˆNight Sweating ูˆSecondary to
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:12,440 --> 00:05:15,840
259
+ Metabolic Disturbances ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุญูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:21,720
263
+ ู…ู„ุฌู†ุงู†ุณูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ Metabolic Rate
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:21,720 --> 00:05:26,660
267
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ Night Sweating ูˆูู‚ุฏุงู† ู„ู„ูˆุฒู†ุงู„ู€
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:26,660 --> 00:05:30,560
271
+ bruising ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ platelet is not functioning ูˆ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:30,560 --> 00:05:36,660
275
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ left sided patient ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ abdomen ุฌุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:36,660 --> 00:05:42,020
279
+ ุงู„ุดุฌุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ massive splenomegaly ุงู„ู„ูŠ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:42,020 --> 00:05:46,240
283
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ extra medullary hemopoiesis ููŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:49,980
287
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ bone marrow ู„ู…ุง ุจุชู„ูŠู ุจูŠุฑูƒู† ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:49,980 --> 00:05:53,940
291
+ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ spleen ูƒ extra medullary organ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:58,110 --> 00:06:02,450
295
+ ุงู„ู€ Extra-medullary hemopoiesis ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูุฑ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:02,450 --> 00:06:07,430
299
+ ุชุญุตู„ Greatly increased bone marrow density with
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:07,430 --> 00:06:10,150
303
+ narrowing of the medullary cavity
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:14,460 --> 00:06:18,960
307
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ bone .. ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ bone density ูˆ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:25,340
311
+ ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ narrowing ู„
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:25,340 --> 00:06:32,720
315
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏู„ุบ ุงู„ cavity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฌูˆุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฏู„ุบ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:32,720 --> 00:06:36,980
319
+ ุงู„ cavity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ bone ุจูŠู…ุชู„ูŠ ุจุงู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:36,980 --> 00:06:40,240
323
+ fiber ูˆ ูŠุจุชุดุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ density ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู„ูƒู† ููŠุด
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:45,110
327
+ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€Spleen ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:45,110 --> 00:06:48,490
331
+ ุงู„ู€Spleen ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€Spleen
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:48,490 --> 00:06:51,750
335
+ ู„ุจุฑุงูŠุฑุชุฑูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:51,750 --> 00:06:55,670
339
+ ูุงูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠููŠุฑุงุช blood smear ุณูŠูƒูˆู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:55,670 --> 00:07:00,110
343
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆูƒูˆ ุฅุฑูŠุชุฑูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:00,110 --> 00:07:04,830
347
+ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:08,860 --> 00:07:15,000
351
+ Yuco-Erythroplastic ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Nucleated RBCs ู…ุงุดูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:21,480
355
+ ู„ู…ุฎุฏ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู€ White BCs ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู€ Nucleated
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:21,480 --> 00:07:28,280
359
+ RBCs ูˆููŠ prominent Polychromagia ูˆ Anisocytosis
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:28,280 --> 00:07:33,660
363
+ ุชูŠุฑูŠุฌุฑูˆุจ ูˆ Perikilocytosis ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุตู„ ุงู„ู€ Platelet
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:33,660 --> 00:07:38,650
367
+ count ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„variable ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุฒูŠุฏู‡ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุทูˆุฑ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:38,650 --> 00:07:43,070
371
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ degree of dysplasia ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุดูˆู‡ุงุช
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:43,070 --> 00:07:48,830
375
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ circulating cell count markedly
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:48,830 --> 00:07:52,810
379
+ decreased ู…ููŠุด ุงู…ุชุงุฌ increase white blood cell
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:52,810 --> 00:07:57,590
383
+ anarchy turnover leading to increase LDH ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:57,590 --> 00:08:03,270
387
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุจุฏุฑูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ูˆ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ูุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:03,270 --> 00:08:06,950
391
+ ุงู„ LDH ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ uric acid ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ isozymeููŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:06,950 --> 00:08:12,690
395
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูˆ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ serum of hepatic
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:12,690 --> 00:08:19,630
399
+ enzyme ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠุถุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† abnormal ุงู„ ูŠูˆูƒูˆ ุฅูŠุฑูŠุซุฑูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:19,630 --> 00:08:24,030
403
+ blood film ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠู‡ nucleated RBCs
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:24,030 --> 00:08:34,950
407
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ูˆ ุงู„ RBCs is hypochromic
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:36,580 --> 00:08:42,800
411
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจูŠูƒูŠูˆ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุณุฒ ูˆุงู†ูŠุณูˆ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุณุฒ ูุจุตูŠุฑุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:42,800 --> 00:08:47,280
415
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฏุฑูˆุจ ุน ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ neutral alkaline
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:47,280 --> 00:08:52,300
419
+ phosphatase score ูˆ these are abnormal ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:52,300 --> 00:08:54,740
423
+ ู„ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆุŒ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:57,350 --> 00:09:01,610
427
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุธูˆุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู†ุจุบู‰
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:01,610 --> 00:09:05,430
431
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ููŠ failure to aspirate bone marrow
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:05,430 --> 00:09:10,610
435
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ bone marrow is fibroid ูุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:10,610 --> 00:09:17,570
439
+ dry tab phenomena ุชุทู„ุน ุณุญุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅุจุฑุฉ ูุงุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ bone
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:17,570 --> 00:09:22,810
443
+ marrow smear reveal large patchy area ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู„ูˆ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:22,810 --> 00:09:30,270
447
+ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุณู…ูŠุฑ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:30,270 --> 00:09:36,550
451
+ touch of the smear ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฒู… ู‡ูŠูƒ ูุฑุงุบุงุช ููŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:36,550 --> 00:09:43,190
455
+ cavacules ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ูŠุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:43,190 --> 00:09:46,490
459
+ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ this plastic
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:46,490 --> 00:09:51,230
463
+ megakaryocytes these ุทุจุนุง megakaryocytes die
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:51,230 --> 00:09:59,190
467
+ within the bone ู…ุงุฑูˆูˆุจุช .. once died it will
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:59,190 --> 00:10:07,570
471
+ release two thing two things ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ platelet
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:07,570 --> 00:10:13,950
475
+ derived growth factor ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ platelet factor 4 ุดูˆ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:13,950 --> 00:10:16,670
479
+ ูˆู‚ูุช ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ platelet derived growth
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:16,670 --> 00:10:22,910
483
+ factor is a fibroblast mitogen ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:22,910 --> 00:10:30,540
487
+ fibroblastูˆ Platelet Factor 4 ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ Inhibit
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:30,540 --> 00:10:36,220
491
+ neutrophil and fibroblast collagenase enzyme
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:36,220 --> 00:10:41,480
495
+ ูู…ุงููŠุด ุฅุฐุงุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Fiber ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:41,480 --> 00:10:47,560
499
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ fibroblast ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ Fiber Formation
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:49,430 --> 00:10:52,310
503
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒูˆู„ุงุฌูŠู†ูŠุฒ ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุชุฏูˆู‘ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:52,310 --> 00:10:55,530
507
+ ุจุงู„ู€Fibrosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:55,530 --> 00:10:58,810
511
+ ุงู„ู€Nitrophil ูˆุงู„ู€Fibroblast ุฅู„ุง ุฅู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:58,810 --> 00:11:03,410
515
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ุงุฌูŠู†ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุชุฏ ุจู€Platelet Factor 4
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:03,410 --> 00:11:11,430
519
+ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€Collagenous Fibrosis
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:11,430 --> 00:11:17,940
523
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:17,940 --> 00:11:21,480
527
+ Myelofibrosis ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Secondary Phenomena in
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:21,480 --> 00:11:29,300
531
+ Myelofibrosis ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Primary Defect ุจูŠู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:29,300 --> 00:11:31,700
535
+ Hemopoietic Merginator Cell of Colon Reforming
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:31,700 --> 00:11:36,740
539
+ Unit ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆุณุงูŠุช ูˆ Colon Reforming Unit GM ุงูˆ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:36,740 --> 00:11:38,060
543
+ Granulocyte ู…ุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:43,220 --> 00:11:48,500
547
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠุช ุงู„cells of
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:48,500 --> 00:11:53,240
551
+ megakaryocyte and granulocyte megakaryocyte these
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:53,240 --> 00:11:58,520
555
+ cells are prominent
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:58,520 --> 00:12:02,280
559
+ and die within the marrow ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:03,880
563
+ fibrotic tissue ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:07,540 --> 00:12:13,000
567
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ this will increase hostility of the marrow
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:16,740
571
+ hemopoietic microenvironment promotes the
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:16,740 --> 00:12:19,160
575
+ establishment of extramedullary hemopoiesis in the
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:19,160 --> 00:12:23,300
579
+ fetal sides of the spleen and liver ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:23,300 --> 00:12:28,640
583
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุชู„ูŠู ูˆ ุงู„ micro
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:28,640 --> 00:12:33,120
587
+ environment of hemopoietic microenvironment has no
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:33,120 --> 00:12:38,860
591
+ more hemopoieticุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠุณ ุจุฏู‘ูˆ ูŠุถุทุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠู„ุฌุฃ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:38,860 --> 00:12:41,720
595
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ fetal site of hemopoiesis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:41,720 --> 00:12:46,940
599
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ spleen ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูุฑ treatment ู„ุฃูˆู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:46,940 --> 00:12:49,320
603
+ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจูŠุนูŠุดูˆุง ุชู„ุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ medium age
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:49,320 --> 00:12:54,600
607
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุชู„ุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ can survive for 10
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:54,600 --> 00:12:58,420
611
+ years ูˆ ุญูˆุงุฑ 10% ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุฌุฑุจูˆุง ู„ acute non
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:58,420 --> 00:13:05,520
615
+ lymphoplastic leukemiaูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูˆุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุงู„ุฌู‡
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:10,320
619
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ radiation to reduce the size of skin ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:10,320 --> 00:13:16,690
623
+ radiation ู„ู„ุชุญุงู„ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ูˆุง ู…ู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:16,690 --> 00:13:23,030
627
+ ุจูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ symptoms ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ู…ู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:23,030 --> 00:13:29,450
631
+ ุงู„ pain ู…ุงุดูŠ such as RBC's
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:29,450 --> 00:13:33,190
635
+ or platelet sequestration ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ spring
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:43,100
639
+ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ู†ูุดู„ ููŠู‡ ุชุตุบูŠุฑ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€Spleen ุจุงู„ุฑุฏูŠุงุดู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:43,100 --> 00:13:49,160
643
+ ุงู„ู€Spleenectomy ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ solution ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:49,160 --> 00:13:56,120
647
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ blood transfusion ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:56,120 --> 00:14:00,100
651
+ ู‚ุงู†ูŠู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ correction ู„ู€
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:00,100 --> 00:14:06,230
655
+ ineffective hemopoiesis hematenic therapyุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:06,230 --> 00:14:10,850
659
+ ููŠู‡ Iron Orphrate Deficiency ุงู„ู€ Purinol ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:10,850 --> 00:14:17,970
663
+ ุนู† ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ู„ู€ Hyperuricemia ูˆูŠูˆู… ูŠุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ Rapidly
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:17,970 --> 00:14:22,330
667
+ chemotherapy can be used ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:22,330 --> 00:14:25,210
671
+ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู‡ูˆ bone marrow transplantation
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:25,210 --> 00:14:33,250
675
+ ู„ูƒู† in young ages ุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:35,100 --> 00:14:37,660
679
+ ู…ุดูƒุฑ ู„ูƒู… ุญุณู† ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุงุน
680
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/P1BpBFbn3ds_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/RhrEB18kYBg.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1159 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,670 --> 00:00:06,830
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ู„ุชู‚ูŠ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,830 --> 00:00:11,530
7
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู† the non-leukemic
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:11,530 --> 00:00:20,070
11
+ malignant disorders by definition non-leukemic
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:20,070 --> 00:00:25,520
15
+ malignant disorders ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุจุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ูˆุฑููˆุณ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:25,520 --> 00:00:30,080
19
+ ูˆู„ูŠู†ุงู„ ุฏูŠุณ ุฃูˆุฑุฏุงุฒ ูŠุชู…ูŠุฒูˆุง ุจู€ uncontrolled clonal
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:30,080 --> 00:00:33,400
23
+ proliferation of bone marrow ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชู ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:33,400 --> 00:00:39,020
27
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ bone marrow blood cellular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:39,020 --> 00:00:41,560
31
+ marrow ุจุชุณู„ู‘ู‡ุง abnormal clonal proliferation
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:41,560 --> 00:00:46,200
35
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ู‡ูˆู„ุฉ Classification
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:50,350
39
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ proliferative
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:50,350 --> 00:00:54,130
43
+ disorders ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุดู…ู„ primary proliferative
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:54,130 --> 00:00:58,590
47
+ polycythemia ูˆ primary thrombocythemia ูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:58,590 --> 00:01:01,070
51
+ myelofibrosis ูˆู†ุญู† ุณู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:01,070 --> 00:01:04,510
55
+ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ุŒ ุซู… ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ proliferative
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:04,510 --> 00:01:11,330
59
+ disorders ูˆุงุฎุชุฑู†ุง ู„ูƒู… multiple myeloma and
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:11,330 --> 00:01:15,130
63
+ related plasma cell disorders ุซู… Hodgkin disease ูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,130 --> 00:01:16,190
67
+ non Hodgkin lymphoma
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,750 --> 00:01:22,890
71
+ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู€ Myeloproliferative non-leukemic
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:22,890 --> 00:01:27,770
75
+ myeloproliferative disorders ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:27,770 --> 00:01:32,390
79
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† hematopoietic stem cell disorders ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู„ูˆู†ุงู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:32,390 --> 00:01:36,810
83
+ ูˆูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ granulocytic ูˆ erythrocytic ูˆ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:36,810 --> 00:01:45,110
87
+ megakaryocytic increase ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ู… abnormal
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:45,110 --> 00:01:49,100
91
+ clonal proliferation ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ inter
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:49,100 --> 00:01:54,960
95
+ relation between this increase and their diseases
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:54,960 --> 00:02:00,540
99
+ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ RBCs ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง polycythemia
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:00,540 --> 00:02:04,740
103
+ platelet ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง essential thrombocythemia ุซู… ุงู„ู€
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:04,740 --> 00:02:11,980
107
+ myelofibrosis ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† fibrosis ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ mega
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:11,980 --> 00:02:16,350
111
+ karyocytic abnormal clonal proliferation of
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:16,350 --> 00:02:22,390
115
+ megakaryocytic proliferation
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:22,390 --> 00:02:27,970
119
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ stepwise
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:27,970 --> 00:02:32,290
123
+ ุงู„ู€ progression of to fibrosis to marrow failure or
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:32,290 --> 00:02:35,590
127
+ acute blast phase ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:35,590 --> 00:02:41,750
131
+ marrow stem cell ุงูƒุชุณุจุช mutation ุงู„ู€ abnormal ูˆ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:41,750 --> 00:02:47,550
135
+ acquired abnormality ูุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู€ granulocytic ูˆุงู„ู€
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:47,550 --> 00:02:50,810
139
+ RBCs ูˆุงู„ู€ megakaryocytic ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:50,810 --> 00:02:55,650
143
+ myeloproliferase granulocytic ู„ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ูˆู†ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:55,650 --> 00:03:01,710
147
+ proliferation ุฃุฏุชู†ุง chronic myeloid leukemia ูˆ ุงู„ู€
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:01,710 --> 00:03:08,860
151
+ RBCs precursor ุฃุฏู‰ ู„ู€ polycythemia ุฃูˆ Polycythemia vera ูˆุงู„ู€
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:08,860 --> 00:03:12,940
155
+ Megakaryocytes is the essential thrombocythemia
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:12,940 --> 00:03:18,640
159
+ which can transform to reactive fibrosis ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:18,640 --> 00:03:24,400
163
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ myelofibrosis ูˆู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:29,310
167
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ acute myeloid leukemia ูุฌุงู„ูˆุง ุฃู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:29,310 --> 00:03:33,030
171
+ ุงู„ู€ chronic myeloid leukemia 70% ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุฌู„ุจ ู„ู€ acute
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:33,030 --> 00:03:37,610
175
+ myeloid leukemia polycythemia 10% ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุฌู„ุจ ู„ู€
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:37,610 --> 00:03:41,190
179
+ acute myeloid leukemia essential thrombocythemia
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:41,190 --> 00:03:47,890
183
+ sorry polycythemia ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ myelofibrosis
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:47,890 --> 00:03:53,370
187
+ 30% ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู€ myelofibrosis ู…ู…ูƒู† 10% ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:53,370 --> 00:04:00,060
191
+ acute myeloid leukemia ูููŠ interrelation between
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:00,060 --> 00:04:07,020
195
+ these disorders ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ primary
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:07,020 --> 00:04:11,810
199
+ proliferative polycythemia ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ Malignant
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:11,810 --> 00:04:15,710
203
+ disorders ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠูˆุชูƒุณ ุชู…ุซู„ And it's
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:15,710 --> 00:04:18,550
207
+ characterized by absolute erythrocytosis ูŠุจู‚ู‰
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:18,550 --> 00:04:23,390
211
+ ุจู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุชู…ูŠุฒุŸ ูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ by absolute erythrocytosis
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:23,390 --> 00:04:27,390
215
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ increase
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:27,390 --> 00:04:34,070
219
+ ู„ู€ granulocyte ูˆ ุงู„ู€ count ูˆ ุงู„ู€ platelet ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:34,070 --> 00:04:42,500
223
+ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนู…ุฑุŒ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ people ุนู…ุฑ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:42,500 --> 00:04:48,440
227
+ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ people ู‡ูˆ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 55 ุณู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ adults ูŠุชุฃุซุฑูˆู†
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:48,440 --> 00:04:51,620
231
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:51,620 --> 00:04:54,820
235
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:54,820 --> 00:04:55,060
239
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:55,060 --> 00:04:55,360
243
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:55,360 --> 00:04:56,140
247
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:56,140 --> 00:04:56,960
251
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:56,960 --> 00:05:07,190
255
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ autonomous ููŠ ุงู„ู€
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:07,190 --> 00:05:10,510
259
+ abnormal decline ุงู„ู€
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:10,510 --> 00:05:15,910
263
+ disease phases ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ phases ุบุงู„ุจุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:15,910 --> 00:05:21,030
267
+ proliferative phase ุซู… spent ุฃูˆ post polycythemic
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:21,030 --> 00:05:26,090
271
+ phase ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง rarely transformed into acute leukemia
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:26,090 --> 00:05:27,150
275
+ ูู‡ุฐุง phase ุซุงู„ุซ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:30,380 --> 00:05:34,420
279
+ recognition of polycythemia ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ recognition
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:34,420 --> 00:05:37,940
283
+ by measuring ุงู„ู€ red cell volume ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ hematocrit
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:37,940 --> 00:05:41,540
287
+ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ male ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:41,540 --> 00:05:51,140
291
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ female ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:51,140 --> 00:05:56,060
295
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBC ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ุณุจุจ ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ reduction in
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:56,060 --> 00:06:04,340
299
+ plasma ุฃูˆ true increase in RBCs number ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:04,340 --> 00:06:11,680
303
+ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู€ polycythemia Classification ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:11,680 --> 00:06:16,640
307
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠูŠู†ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ absolute ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ true ูˆุงู„ู€ true
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:16,640 --> 00:06:21,370
311
+ ุจุชุดู…ู„ primary proliferative polycythemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุญู†
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:21,370 --> 00:06:24,830
315
+ ุชุงูˆู„ู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุซู… secondary polycythemia
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:24,830 --> 00:06:29,730
319
+ ูˆ idiopathic erythrocytosis for unknown reason
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:29,730 --> 00:06:34,150
323
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ RBC's ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:34,150 --> 00:06:37,770
327
+ polycythemia ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ apparent or relative ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:37,770 --> 00:06:45,870
331
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุงุช ุงู„ู€ plasma volume ุฃูˆ RBC's mass changes ู†ุฑุฌุน
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:45,870 --> 00:06:49,690
335
+ ู„ู„ู€
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:53,560 --> 00:06:58,280
339
+ absolute ู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู€ absolute polycythemia ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:58,280 --> 00:07:02,000
343
+ ุงู„ู€ malignant transformation ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ hemopoietic
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:06,060
347
+ stem cell to be free from hormonal control
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:06,060 --> 00:07:09,080
351
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:09,080 --> 00:07:13,640
355
+ ู„ุง ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:13,640 --> 00:07:16,680
359
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† is decreased ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:16,680 --> 00:07:21,920
363
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช hypoxic effect has no effect
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:26,580 --> 00:07:31,220
367
+ ููŠุฒูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:31,220 --> 00:07:31,700
371
+ ุฃูˆ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:31,700 --> 00:07:33,000
375
+ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:34,620
379
+ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:34,620 --> 00:07:35,400
383
+ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:35,400 --> 00:07:37,940
387
+ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:37,940 --> 00:07:39,420
391
+ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:39,420 --> 00:07:40,900
395
+ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:40,900 --> 00:07:44,740
399
+ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:44,740 --> 00:07:52,400
403
+ stimuli ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ abnormal ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู€ primary
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:56,480
407
+ proliferative polycythemia and this is a malignant
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:56,480 --> 00:08:05,900
411
+ disorder ู„ูƒู† ูู‡ู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ polycythemia ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:05,900 --> 00:08:10,760
415
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ recognition of primary
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:10,760 --> 00:08:15,400
419
+ progressive polycythemia is based on exclusion
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:29,780 --> 00:08:38,120
423
+ ุจูŠู†ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ classification of polycythemia ุฃูŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:38,120 --> 00:08:43,940
427
+ polycythemia vera ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ PCV ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:43,940 --> 00:08:48,920
431
+ absolute ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ true ูˆุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:53,200
435
+ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ primary ูˆุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ููŠู‡
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:59,220
439
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† decreased ูˆู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ secondary
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:59,220 --> 00:09:03,460
443
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ููŠู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ secondary
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:03,460 --> 00:09:06,660
447
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ููŠู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:06,660 --> 00:09:09,340
451
+ ุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† due to appropriate cause
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:09,340 --> 00:09:12,700
455
+ or inappropriate cause ูุงู„ู€ appropriate cause ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:12,700 --> 00:09:18,510
459
+ altitude ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Cardiopulmonary ุจุฑุถู‡
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:18,510 --> 00:09:22,790
463
+ ูˆุฏู‡ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ smoking ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:22,790 --> 00:09:26,150
467
+ ุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ูˆู„ู…ุง appropriate ูˆุฌูˆุฏ cancer ุฃูˆ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:26,150 --> 00:09:31,810
471
+ tumor ุฃูˆ even cyst ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ kidney
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:31,810 --> 00:09:38,330
475
+ ูˆู„ุง ุฒูŠ renal ูˆู„ุง extra renal tumor ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญูุธ ุนู„ู‰
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:38,330 --> 00:09:43,110
479
+ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ polycythemia
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:43,110 --> 00:09:45,630
483
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ apparent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ red cell mass
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:45,630 --> 00:09:49,450
487
+ could be normal ู„ูƒู† due to hydration or stress or
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:49,450 --> 00:09:54,630
491
+ smoking ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ RBCs mass
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:54,630 --> 00:10:03,010
495
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ plasma secondary polycythemia usually
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:03,010 --> 00:10:10,260
499
+ due to known causes ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ูƒู…ุจู†ุณุงุชูˆุฑูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:10,260 --> 00:10:14,440
503
+ increase ููŠ ุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ุฃูˆ appropriate release of
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:14,440 --> 00:10:17,640
507
+ erythropoietin ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ high altitude
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:17,640 --> 00:10:21,280
511
+ pulmonary disease heart disease ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ cyanotic
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:21,280 --> 00:10:24,460
515
+ heart disease abnormal hemoglobin high affinity
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:24,460 --> 00:10:28,060
519
+ hemoglobin heavy cigarette smokers ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:28,060 --> 00:10:31,620
523
+ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ูˆุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง appropriate ุฃูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:31,620 --> 00:10:36,190
527
+ compensatory increase in erythropoietin ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:36,190 --> 00:10:39,310
531
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ inappropriate erythropoietin production ูŠูˆู…
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:39,310 --> 00:10:43,530
535
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ tumor ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† renal ูˆู„ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:43,530 --> 00:10:50,490
539
+ ููŠุจุฑูˆู…ูŠูˆู†ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ extra-renal ุฃูˆ hydronephrosis
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:50,490 --> 00:10:54,730
543
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ renal ูˆ liver carcinoma extra-renal ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:54,730 --> 00:11:00,970
547
+ ุฏูˆู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cancers ุจูŠุคุฏูˆุง ุจูŠุญูุธูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตู†ูŠุน
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:00,970 --> 00:11:06,050
551
+ ุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ุจุณ ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:06,050 --> 00:11:11,530
555
+ ุงู„ู€ erythropoietin ู†ุณุจูŠุงู‹ Caused physiological
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:11,530 --> 00:11:14,410
559
+ appropriate release of erythropoietin
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:14,410 --> 00:11:17,170
563
+ ูˆPhysiologically inappropriate release of
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:17,170 --> 00:11:21,970
567
+ erythropoietin ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠูƒูŠ ุฅุชุฑุงุจูุช ุฅูŠู‡ ุฑูŠู„ูŠุฒ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:21,970 --> 00:11:27,570
571
+ ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ุง ูƒุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:27,570 --> 00:11:30,170
575
+ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ู…ุณุชู…ุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:30,170 --> 00:11:33,790
579
+ ุชู†ุดุฆ ุฃู†ุช ุฌุงู„ุณ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:33,790 --> 00:11:39,490
583
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ high altitude ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ inadequate
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:39,490 --> 00:11:44,770
587
+ uptake of atmospheric oxygen ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุจุณ ุฃู†ุช
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:44,770 --> 00:11:48,690
591
+ ู…ุงุจุชุงุฎุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุงููŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ chronic
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:48,690 --> 00:11:52,170
595
+ bronchitis ุฃูˆ ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงู…ุง ุจู„ู…ูˆู†ุงุฑูŠ ููŠุจุฑูˆุณูŠุฒ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:52,170 --> 00:11:56,750
599
+ ุจู„ู…ูˆู†ุงุฑูŠ ุฅูŠุฏู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุณุจุจ ุดุงุฆุน ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:56,750 --> 00:11:59,410
603
+ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ุฌุงู„ุณ ููŠ ุฌูˆ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ููŠู‡
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:59,410 --> 00:12:05,420
607
+ ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ inadequately ุณุจุจ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:05,420 --> 00:12:11,480
611
+ ุซุงู„ุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ุฃู†ุช ุฌุงู„ุณ ููŠ ุฌูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:11,480 --> 00:12:16,920
615
+ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู† appropriately ุฃูˆ adequately ู„ูƒู†
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:16,920 --> 00:12:19,660
619
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ defect ููŠ ุงู„ู€ transport of absorbed
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:19,660 --> 00:12:25,080
623
+ oxygen from the lung ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ variety of
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:25,080 --> 00:12:28,400
627
+ inherited or acquired defect of hemoglobin
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:33,460
631
+ function ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูŠุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:33,460 --> 00:12:36,940
635
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:36,940 --> 00:12:39,140
639
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:39,140 --> 00:12:39,560
643
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:39,560 --> 00:12:40,340
647
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:40,340 --> 00:12:42,480
651
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:42,480 --> 00:12:44,720
655
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:47,360
659
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:47,360 --> 00:12:51,140
663
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:51,140 --> 00:12:57,700
667
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุชุญุชุงู„ู€
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:57,700 --> 00:12:59,800
671
+ Physiologically Inappropriate Release of
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:59,800 --> 00:13:04,380
675
+ erythropoietin ููŠู‡ variety of disorders associated
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:04,380 --> 00:13:06,640
679
+ with inappropriate release of erythropoietin
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:06,640 --> 00:13:11,960
683
+ occurs as a rare complication of renal disorders
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:11,960 --> 00:13:16,380
687
+ ุฒูŠ polycystic kidney, chronic lumbar nephritis,
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:16,600 --> 00:13:24,310
691
+ hydronephrosis, renal tumor An extrarenal tumor ุฒูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:24,310 --> 00:13:27,910
695
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงูŠุชูˆู…ุง ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆู†ูƒูŠู„ ูƒุงุฑุณูŠู†ูˆู…ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:27,910 --> 00:13:34,430
699
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ to release the
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:34,430 --> 00:13:38,370
703
+ erythropoietin inappropriately ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ secondary
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:38,370 --> 00:13:41,290
707
+ polycythemia ุจุฑุถู‡ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ arterial blood
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:41,290 --> 00:13:48,690
711
+ gas ุนุดุงู† ุชุดุฎุต ุงู„ู€ secondary polycythemia ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนู…ู„
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:48,690 --> 00:13:54,410
715
+ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ: ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ arterial blood gasุŒ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:54,410 --> 00:13:58,550
719
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† hemoglobin electrophoresisุŒ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ oxygen
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:58,550 --> 00:14:03,050
723
+ dissociation curveุŒ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ erythropoietin level
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:03,050 --> 00:14:08,990
727
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ultrasound abdomen and chest x-rayุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:08,990 --> 00:14:15,340
731
+ total red blood cell volume ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุซุงุจุช ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ by labeling
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:20,820
735
+ the RBCs by Chromium 51 ูˆู‡ูŠ Total Plasma Volume
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:20,820 --> 00:14:27,540
739
+ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ by labeling by Iodine 125 ู…ุฑุชุจุท
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:27,540 --> 00:14:31,360
743
+ ุจุงู„ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:31,360 --> 00:14:36,320
747
+ ุงู„ู€
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:36,320 --> 00:14:40,480
751
+ Appropriate Polycythemia rather than defined as
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:40,720
755
+ those
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:01,850 --> 00:15:06,930
759
+ ุฃูˆ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:06,930 --> 00:15:10,910
763
+ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:10,910 --> 00:15:10,990
767
+ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:10,990 --> 00:15:12,490
771
+ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญุงู†ูŠุฉูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:12,490 --> 00:15:16,730
775
+ ุงู„ู€ PCV towards the lower limit of normality ูŠุนู†ูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:16,730 --> 00:15:20,830
779
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lower limit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุช ูˆู‡ุฐุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:20,830 --> 00:15:25,830
783
+ ูŠุตู„ ู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ upper limit of ash of ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:25,830 --> 00:15:29,210
787
+ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ู€ Polycythemia is by far the most common
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:29,210 --> 00:15:36,650
791
+ finding where ุงู„ู€ PCV is only minimally increased ูˆ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:36,650 --> 00:15:41,730
795
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตู„ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ of such
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:41,730 --> 00:15:45,550
799
+ cases alternative names of this condition include
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:45,550 --> 00:15:47,990
803
+ relative polycythemia, stress polycythemia,
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:48,110 --> 00:15:53,250
807
+ stressed polycythemia and spurious polycythemia
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:55,850 --> 00:16:03,710
811
+ ุงู„ู€ Causes stress, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake,
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:03,710 --> 00:16:09,530
815
+ ุงู„ู€ dehydration, ูˆ ุงู„ู€ plasma loss, ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ burn injury
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:09,530 --> 00:16:14,050
819
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู€ differential diagnosis of
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:14,050 --> 00:16:18,010
823
+ polycythemia which is summarized in this schedule
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:18,010 --> 00:16:22,090
827
+ ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:22,090 --> 00:16:27,390
831
+ laboratory variables ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฑู† ุจู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:27,390 --> 00:16:33,550
835
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ Polycythemia: ุงู„ู€ primary, ุงู„ู€ secondary, ูุงู„ู€
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:33,550 --> 00:16:45,330
839
+ PCV is raised ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ RBC ุจุฒูŠุฏ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:45,330 --> 00:16:51,630
843
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Primary Polycythemia normal ููŠ ุงู„ู€ aberrant ูˆููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:51,630 --> 00:16:56,290
847
+ secondary polycythemia ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู†
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:56,290 --> 00:16:58,290
851
+ ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู†
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:58,290 --> 00:17:01,830
855
+ ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:01,830 --> 00:17:08,910
859
+ ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:08,910 --> 00:17:10,450
863
+ ุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:10,450 --> 00:17:11,130
867
+ ุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:11,130 --> 00:17:12,930
871
+ ุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:12,930 --> 00:17:15,510
875
+ ุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:18,410
879
+ ุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:18,410 --> 00:17:22,990
883
+ ุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุฑูŠุซุฑูˆ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:22,990 --> 00:17:30,320
887
+ ุจูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู€ body organsุŒ atrial
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:33,400
891
+ spleen
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:33,400 --> 00:17:37,480
895
+ is enlarged ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Primary Polycythemia normal ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ atrial PO2
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:37,480 --> 00:17:41,660
899
+ normal ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Primary Polycythemia normal ููŠ ุงู„ู€ apparent or decrease
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:41,660 --> 00:17:46,500
903
+ or normal ููŠ ุงู„ู€ secondary 13 ุจู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Primary Polycythemia
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:49,070 --> 00:17:59,510
907
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงุจ ุจูŠ ุชูˆู„ู ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:59,510 --> 00:18:04,090
911
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:04,090 --> 00:18:05,070
915
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:05,070 --> 00:18:07,880
919
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:07,880 --> 00:18:16,820
923
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:16,820 --> 00:18:20,060
927
+ ุจูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:20,060 --> 00:18:20,820
931
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:20,820 --> 00:18:20,880
935
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:20,960
939
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:20,960 --> 00:18:23,620
943
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:23,620 --> 00:18:29,320
947
+ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ ุจูŠ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:29,320 --> 00:18:36,930
951
+ ุจูŠ ุจู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูŠุดูƒูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูˆู„ูŠุณุง ุซูŠู…ูŠุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:36,930 --> 00:18:44,730
955
+ ูˆ ุจู„ูˆ ู‡ุฏูƒ ูˆ blurred visionุŒ ุฒุบู„ู„ุฉ ุซู… dizziness ุฏูˆุฎุฉ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:44,730 --> 00:18:49,390
959
+ ุซู… mental impairmentุŒ ุนุฏู… ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุซู… feeling of
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:49,390 --> 00:18:54,390
963
+ congestion on the headุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:54,390 --> 00:18:59,270
967
+ ุจูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† splenomegalyุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู†
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:00,730 --> 00:19:03,490
971
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ hyperviscosityุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ impairment of blood flow
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:03,490 --> 00:19:07,890
975
+ ุจุชุณุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ incidence of arterial and
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:07,890 --> 00:19:13,110
979
+ venous thrombosisุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุงุฎุฐู‡
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:13,110 --> 00:19:18,230
983
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ plateletุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ baby aspirin
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:18,230 --> 00:19:23,370
987
+ ุซู… ุงู„ู€ platelet dysfunctionุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุชู†ุฏู†ุณูŠ to bruiseุŒ a
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:23,370 --> 00:19:28,170
991
+ bleeding ุชู†ุฏู†ุณูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ุฉุŒ ุซู… ุงู„ู€ severe
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:28,170 --> 00:19:35,670
995
+ itching ููŠ ุญูƒุฉ ูุธูŠุนุฉ particularly ุจุนุฏ warm bath
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:19:35,670 --> 00:19:42,530
999
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:42,530 --> 00:19:48,030
1003
+ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู… ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฅุชุดูŠู†ุบ ุฎุตูˆุตุงู‹ ุจุนุฏ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:48,030 --> 00:19:53,090
1007
+ ุญู…ุงู… ุณุงุฎู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุณุชุงู…ูŠู† ู…ู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:53,090 --> 00:19:57,670
1011
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ findingsุŒ ู†ุฌุฏ ูƒุฑูŠุณูŠ ู…ุฌู„ูˆ ุจูŠู†
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:57,670 --> 00:20:02,780
1015
+ PCV ูˆ RBC ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ granulocyte, neutrophil
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:02,780 --> 00:20:05,920
1019
+ morphology and function are increasedุŒ platelet
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:05,920 --> 00:20:11,120
1023
+ increases ู„ูƒู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ by bizarre shape ูˆ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:11,120 --> 00:20:15,980
1027
+ .. ูˆ .. ุฎู…ุณ .. platelet increase by about fifty
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:15,980 --> 00:20:22,580
1031
+ percent ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ bizarre shape
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:22,580 --> 00:20:25,760
1035
+ platelet morphology and dysfunction ู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก common
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:25,760 --> 00:20:31,100
1039
+ common with hypercellular bone marrow ุฃูˆ over
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:31,100 --> 00:20:36,320
1043
+ granulocytes ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠ paraplegia is less
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:36,320 --> 00:20:41,080
1047
+ common cytogenetic abnormality ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:48,860
1051
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ 15% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ .. ุจุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช presentation
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:51,550 --> 00:20:54,030
1055
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌูŠุฉ Normal, neutrophil,
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:54,090 --> 00:20:58,790
1059
+ alkaline phosphatase, plasma urate, circulating
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:59,910 --> 00:21:07,530
1063
+ erythroid precursors, low serum erythropoietin
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:07,530 --> 00:21:10,670
1067
+ clinical
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:10,670 --> 00:21:13,950
1071
+ features, majority of patient ุจูŠุนุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุฏุฉ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:13,950 --> 00:21:18,910
1075
+ thrombosis ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ portal ansplenic vein
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:21:20,710 --> 00:21:27,930
1079
+ ู‡ูŠ DVT ูˆ DV ู†ุชhrombosis ูˆู‡ูŠุจุฑุชู†ุดู† ู‡ูŠุฏูŠูƒ ูˆ poor
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:21:27,930 --> 00:21:33,630
1083
+ vision and dizzinessุŒ skin
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:21:33,630 --> 00:21:38,730
1087
+ complications ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ pruritus ูˆ ุงู„ู€ erythromelalgia
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:21:38,730 --> 00:21:45,550
1091
+ could be ูˆ ุงู„ู€ hemorrhage GIT due to platelet defect
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:45,550 --> 00:21:48,750
1095
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:48,750 --> 00:21:50,090
1099
+ ุงู„ู€ erythromelalgia
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:51,960 --> 00:21:57,640
1103
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจูŠ ูˆุดูƒู„ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠู‡ ุจุชูˆุณุจูŠู† ูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆุณูŠุชุณ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:57,640 --> 00:22:01,360
1107
+ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŒ liver ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุณุณุจู„ูŠู† ุนุงู„ูŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:01,360 --> 00:22:08,920
1111
+ ุงู„ู€ erythromelalgia have increased skin temperature and
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:08,920 --> 00:22:16,580
1115
+ burning sensation or redness 25% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุฌู„ุจ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:16,580 --> 00:22:20,880
1119
+ ู„ู€ Chronic Myelofibrosis ูˆุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุฌู„ุจ ู„ู€ Acute
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:28,360
1123
+ Lymphoid Lymphoplastic Leukemia ูˆุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:28,360 --> 00:22:37,300
1127
+ ุจุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุฑุงุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู„ู€ ANLL ุงู„ู’ู…ูุนุงู…ู„ุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:37,300 --> 00:22:42,770
1131
+ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฑูˆุจูˆุชูŠูƒูŠ ุนุดุงู†
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:42,770 --> 00:22:44,970
1135
+ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Thrombotic Complication ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:22:44,970 --> 00:22:51,390
1139
+ Debulking ุจูŠุดูŠู„ูˆุง RBCs by removal of RBCs and
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:22:51,390 --> 00:22:56,230
1143
+ platelets ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชู… by Aphoresis or by
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:22:56,230 --> 00:23:01,650
1147
+ repeated clonal proliferation median survival time
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:01,650 --> 00:23:06,630
1151
+ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ 15 ุณู†ุฉ ูˆููŠ additional treatment may not be
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:06,630 --> 00:23:11,970
1155
+ needed because it's controversial ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูˆุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:15,860 --> 00:23:17,260
1159
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
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The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
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@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:03,100 --> 00:00:06,680
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ non non
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:09,860
7
+ -lochemical malignant ุงูˆ lymph proliferative
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,860 --> 00:00:16,240
11
+ disorders ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Hodgkin disease ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,240 --> 00:00:18,600
15
+ Hodgkin disease ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† neo plastic disorder
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:18,600 --> 00:00:23,920
19
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆู„ูˆุฏ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Red
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:23,920 --> 00:00:30,220
23
+ Steinberg cell ูˆ ุงู„ Red Steinberg cell ู‡ุฐู‡ ุบุฑูŠุจุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,220 --> 00:00:35,290
27
+ ุจุชู†ุดุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ lymph nodesูˆ it's restricted only to
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:35,290 --> 00:00:41,430
31
+ the lymph nodes it's not ูŠุนู†ูŠ it can spread to the
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:41,430 --> 00:00:46,310
35
+ contiguous group of lymph node ุฅู†ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุจุฑุง ุงู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:46,310 --> 00:00:50,790
39
+ lymph node ูŠุนู†ูŠ it's very rare ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:50,790 --> 00:00:53,410
43
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ lymph node involvement ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:53,410 --> 00:00:57,890
47
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ defective immunity ู„ุฅู† ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑูƒ ููŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,890 --> 00:01:00,190
51
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ lymph nodes
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:07,510 --> 00:01:12,550
55
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฏู†ุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฏู†ุณ ู…ู† ุญู„ุชูŠู† ู„ุงุฑุจุน ุญุงู„ุงุช ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุฆุฉ ุงู„ู
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:12,550 --> 00:01:16,830
59
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ population ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆ by model age
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,830 --> 00:01:19,870
63
+ distribution ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู† ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:19,870 --> 00:01:24,190
67
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:24,190 --> 00:01:27,230
71
+ male ูƒุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ female one point seven to
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:27,230 --> 00:01:35,630
75
+ one ูˆุงู„ pathophysiology ุงู†ู‡ ุงู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,630 --> 00:01:40,230
79
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† painless at presentation ูŠุนู†ูŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:40,230 --> 00:01:44,610
83
+ ูˆูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† painlessness ูŠุนู†ูŠ asymmetrical
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:44,610 --> 00:01:50,610
87
+ enlargement of lymph nodes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:50,610 --> 00:01:54,850
91
+ lymph nodes enlargement which lymph node ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฅู…ุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:54,850 --> 00:01:59,450
95
+ cervical or subclavicular lymph nodes ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:59,450 --> 00:02:04,270
99
+ ูŠุณุชุซู†ู‰ ุงู„ auxiliary ูˆ ุงู„inguinal or femoralู…ุงุดูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:04,270 --> 00:02:07,130
103
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ lymph node enlargement
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:07,130 --> 00:02:16,170
107
+ ุจุชุญุณุณู‡ุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู„ู…ุŸ ู„ุฃ ูุงุด ุฃู„ู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† this
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:16,170 --> 00:02:22,350
111
+ is at presentation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ lymph
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:22,350 --> 00:02:24,930
115
+ nodes ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุญูˆุจ generalized etching
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:28,030 --> 00:02:30,710
119
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:30,710 --> 00:02:33,110
123
+ Hodgkin disease ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Restricted at presentation
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:33,110 --> 00:02:38,650
127
+ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ุชูƒูˆู† Systemic ุงูˆ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:38,650 --> 00:02:44,950
131
+ Disseminated at presentation ุงู„ presence of Alexia
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:44,950 --> 00:02:47,590
135
+ ูˆ Night sweating ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง associated with
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:47,590 --> 00:02:53,130
139
+ advanced disease Clinical presentation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:53,130 --> 00:02:56,470
143
+ Non tender lymph node enlargementุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:56,470 --> 00:03:02,570
147
+ ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฃูˆ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุณุชูŠู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุฏูŠู†ูˆุจุงุชูŠ ุงู‚ุฏูˆู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑุงู†ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:02,570 --> 00:03:06,890
151
+ ุฏู„ ุฏูŠุฒูŠุฒ ุณูŠุณุชูŠู†ูŠูƒุณ ุณูŠู…ุชูˆู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ููŠุจุฑ ู†ุงูŠุช ูˆุดูˆูŠุชู†ุฌ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:06,890 --> 00:03:12,290
155
+ ุงู†ูƒุณุจู„ูŠู† ูˆูˆูŠุช ู„ูˆุณ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆ ุงุฎุฑ ุณูŠู…ุชูˆู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุชูŠู‚
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:12,290 --> 00:03:16,230
159
+ ูˆูˆูŠูƒู†ุณ ุจูˆุฑุงูŠุชุณ ุจูˆุฑุงูŠุชุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุฉ ูƒุงู ูˆchest pain
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:16,230 --> 00:03:21,750
163
+ shortness of breath ูˆููŠู†ุง ูƒุงูุง ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ุงุจุฏูˆู…ู†ุงู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:21,750 --> 00:03:27,790
167
+ painPower disturbances, ascites ูˆ ุจูˆู…ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:27,790 --> 00:03:35,230
171
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† symptoms ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ recognition ุบูŠุฑูˆุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:35,230 --> 00:03:40,370
175
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎุงู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ peripheral
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:40,370 --> 00:03:43,410
179
+ blood ู…ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ bone marrow
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:43,410 --> 00:03:47,790
183
+ is not involved ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒู‡ุฏุฃ disease of
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:47,790 --> 00:03:53,090
187
+ pathologist ู…ุด disease of hematologist ู„ูƒู†ุจู…ุง ุฃู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:53,090 --> 00:04:00,290
191
+ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ is ุงู„ .. ุงู„ hematologically
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:00,290 --> 00:04:05,570
195
+ affected ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุชุฑู‚ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจูˆูƒูŠุฒูŠุง ู…ุง ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:05,570 --> 00:04:08,290
199
+ man's passive changes such as myelotrombocytosis
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:08,290 --> 00:04:14,810
203
+ ู†ุชุฑูˆููŠู„ูŠุง relative eczemophilia is present ูˆ ุฌู…ูŠุน
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:14,810 --> 00:04:18,430
207
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุงู†ูุณุงูŠุชูˆุจูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณุชุณ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:18,430 --> 00:04:23,180
211
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ู… ุจูŠุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ in its advanced
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:23,180 --> 00:04:31,620
215
+ stage ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุฑ is not involvement is only
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:31,620 --> 00:04:37,900
219
+ involved in advanced stage ู„ูƒู†ู‡ it's uncommon at
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:37,900 --> 00:04:43,960
223
+ presentationุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ lymph
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:50,180
227
+ node ุจูŠูˆุจุณูŠ ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ูˆ ู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ presence
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:50,180 --> 00:04:55,260
231
+ of infiltrate ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุชุฎู„ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:55,260 --> 00:05:01,120
235
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ RS cell ูˆ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ RS cell ู„ู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:02,360 --> 00:05:06,520
239
+ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:06,520 --> 00:05:08,240
243
+ ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Chronic
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:08,240 --> 00:05:12,160
247
+ lymphocytic leukemia ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ Hodgkin disease ุงู„ู€
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:12,160 --> 00:05:16,120
251
+ RS cell is typically ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† large cell ููŠู‡ุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:22,440
255
+ two or more large oval nuclei ูƒู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:27,480
259
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงุณ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงุณ is
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:32,700
263
+ separated from ุงู„ nuclear membraneby a clear zone
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:32,700 --> 00:05:37,020
267
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ nucleoli ูˆ ุงู„ nuclear
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:37,020 --> 00:05:40,900
271
+ membrane classification
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:40,900 --> 00:05:44,380
275
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง classification according to the pattern of
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:44,380 --> 00:05:52,700
279
+ infiltration ู„ู„ lymph node biopsy ูู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:52,700 --> 00:05:56,180
283
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ lymphocyte predominant ูˆ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:56,180 --> 00:06:01,160
287
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ infiltrate ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุจุงู„ lymphocytes
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:07,420
291
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ Nodular Sclerosis ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:07,420 --> 00:06:13,660
295
+ ุชุฌู…ุน ุญู„ู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ Infiltrate
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:13,660 --> 00:06:18,240
299
+ ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุชุฎู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ RS Cell ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ RS Cell ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:23,680
303
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ lacunar cell ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง lacunar
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:27,340
307
+ cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ cytoplasm is contracted
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:27,340 --> 00:06:35,930
311
+ ู…ุถุบูˆุท ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Artifact Sclerosis
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:35,930 --> 00:06:41,210
315
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูƒู„ุงุฌุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฎุตุงู…
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:41,210 --> 00:06:45,890
319
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู†
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:45,890 --> 00:06:50,870
323
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ูˆุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง associated with thymic
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:50,870 --> 00:06:56,110
327
+ origin ูˆูŠูˆุฌุฏ Prognosis ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Mixed
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:56,110 --> 00:06:58,390
331
+ Cellularity ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:58,390 --> 00:06:58,970
335
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:02,620 --> 00:07:07,380
339
+ ุงู„ู€ RS Cell ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Scattered Within These
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:07,380 --> 00:07:11,500
343
+ Cells Lymphocyte Depleted ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… ู…ุงููŠุด
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:11,500 --> 00:07:18,000
347
+ Lymphocytes ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ RS ูˆู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:21,940
351
+ ุจHesticide ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Lymphocyte is scantูŠ scant ูŠุนู†ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:21,940 --> 00:07:28,540
355
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ Immunophenotyping ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:30,220 --> 00:07:36,900
359
+ ุงู„ู€ RS ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Red Stamp Excel ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ CD25ุŒ IL-2
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:36,900 --> 00:07:44,220
363
+ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑุŒ CD15 ูˆ CD30 ูˆูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฅู„ู‰ B ูˆT
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:44,220 --> 00:07:48,240
367
+ ู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ูุฌุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ NS ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ nodular sclerosis
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:48,240 --> 00:07:51,320
371
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ mixed similarity ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† B ู„ูŠู†ููˆูŠุฏ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:51,320 --> 00:07:57,620
375
+ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฌู†ุงู†ุณูŠ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช predominant ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:57,620 --> 00:08:02,790
379
+ ุนู† T ู„ูŠู†ููˆูŠุฏ ู…ุงุฑูƒุฑุนู…ู„ูˆุง staging ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ููŠู‡
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:02,790 --> 00:08:05,910
383
+ ุฃุฑุจุน stages ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ involvement of
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:05,910 --> 00:08:09,390
387
+ single lymph nodes ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:09,390 --> 00:08:11,530
391
+ lymph nodes are involved ู„ูƒู† at the same
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:11,530 --> 00:08:14,590
395
+ anatomical
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:14,590 --> 00:08:18,770
399
+ sides ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ involvement of lymph node
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:18,770 --> 00:08:23,200
403
+ region on both sides of the bodyูˆุงู„ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:23,200 --> 00:08:25,940
407
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ diffuse or disseminated involvement
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:25,940 --> 00:08:33,480
411
+ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ extra lymphatic organ ุจ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:33,480 --> 00:08:36,520
415
+ .. with or without associated lymph node
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:36,520 --> 00:08:43,080
419
+ involvement treatment ุญุณุจ ุงู„ stage ุงู„ early stage
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:43,080 --> 00:08:47,420
423
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง localized radiotherapy ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ advanced
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:47,420 --> 00:08:52,940
427
+ stage ุจุฏู‡ุง chemotherapy ุงู„ prognosisุทุจุนุงู‹ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:52,940 --> 00:08:58,520
431
+ ุฃู†ู‡ 80% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌูŠู†ุง ููŠ stage number one ูˆ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:01,580
435
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 50% ู…ู† stage number four of Hodgkin
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:01,580 --> 00:09:05,400
439
+ disease ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนูŠุด ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ at the
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:05,400 --> 00:09:10,760
443
+ presentation ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุดูุงุก
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:10,760 --> 00:09:15,300
447
+ ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ Hodgkin disease ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:15,300 --> 00:09:23,580
451
+ Hodgkin lymphoma ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงู„ู… ุขุฎุฑูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:23,580 --> 00:09:30,740
455
+ ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒุชุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ hemopoietic malignancy ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:30,740 --> 00:09:35,900
459
+ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ malignant hematological
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:35,900 --> 00:09:40,100
463
+ malignancy ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ myeloproliferative ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุดูƒู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:40,100 --> 00:09:43,900
467
+ ุจูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูˆ ุงู„ malignant lymphomaูˆุฃุญู†ุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:43,900 --> 00:09:47,320
471
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Hodgkin ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:50,060
475
+ Perkins Lymphoma ูˆ Cutaneous T Cell Leukemia
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:50,060 --> 00:09:56,560
479
+ ู„ู„ู…ููˆู…ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma by definition
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:56,560 --> 00:09:59,920
483
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจู„ุนู†ุฉ heterogeneous group of B Anti-Cell
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:59,920 --> 00:10:03,700
487
+ Malignancy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ that are diverse in cellular
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:03,700 --> 00:10:08,060
491
+ origin and morphologyุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุชูŠูƒ ูˆุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:08,060 --> 00:10:08,560
495
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:08,560 --> 00:10:10,620
499
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:10,620 --> 00:10:11,920
503
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:19,200
507
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:21,860
511
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:21,860 --> 00:10:23,400
515
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:23,400 --> 00:10:24,260
519
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:24,260 --> 00:10:27,800
523
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:27,800 --> 00:10:32,660
527
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:37,010 --> 00:10:42,950
531
+ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู‚ุชู†ุนุช ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุจุดุชุบุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุจุงุฑูŠุณ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:42,950 --> 00:10:46,890
535
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:46,890 --> 00:10:54,410
539
+ .ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏูŠู…ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:54,410 --> 00:10:58,600
543
+ ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin lymphomaุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:07,320
547
+ rubber industry people ูˆ their significance of
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:07,320 --> 00:11:13,880
551
+ their of this observation still in doubt ุณุงุนุชู‡
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:13,880 --> 00:11:15,800
555
+ genetic abnormality ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู… ุงู„
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:18,860
559
+ abnormality ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู… ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:18,860 --> 00:11:22,100
563
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ูˆ ุงุฑุจุชุงุด ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ูˆ ุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:22,100 --> 00:11:24,840
567
+ pathophysiology ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ lymphomas with
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:24,840 --> 00:11:29,480
571
+ follicular patternovergrowth ุจุชูƒูˆู† less aggressive
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:34,060
575
+ than diffuse pattern ู†ู…ุฑุฃุชูŠู† small lymphocytic
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:34,060 --> 00:11:39,060
579
+ lymphoma ุฃู‚ู„ ุดุฑุงุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ large cell lymphoma
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:39,060 --> 00:11:45,800
583
+ ู†ู…ุฑุฃุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ high
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:48,980
587
+ grade lymphoma are more amenable to treatment
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:48,980 --> 00:11:55,180
591
+ ู‚ุงุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ chronic types of leukemia
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:57,020 --> 00:12:00,120
595
+ ุฃูŠุถุง in contrast to Hodgkin disease ุงู„ู€ non
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:00,120 --> 00:12:03,460
599
+ Hodgkin lymphoma is disseminated at presentation
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:03,460 --> 00:12:10,700
603
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† localized ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ 85% ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู…ููˆู…ุฉ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:10,700 --> 00:12:15,480
607
+ ู‡ูŠูˆุฑุงู† Hodgkin lymphoma ูˆุทุจุนุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:18,880
611
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุฑูƒุฒู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:18,880 --> 00:12:22,980
615
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ disease of pathologist ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ disease of
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:22,980 --> 00:12:27,220
619
+ AIof a hematologist ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€ non-Hodgkin
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:27,220 --> 00:12:31,240
623
+ lymphoma ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ stages ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ according to the
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:31,240 --> 00:12:35,940
627
+ age while staging ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ุงู†ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:35,940 --> 00:12:39,340
631
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู‰ two sides ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ upper ูˆ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:39,340 --> 00:12:43,460
635
+ ุงู„ lower ู‡ู‰ involvement of one of lymph node in
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:43,460 --> 00:12:47,360
639
+ one side ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† lymph nodes ู„ูƒู† on the same side
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:47,360 --> 00:12:52,180
643
+ ู‡ู†ุง lymph node involvement in both sides ุซู… ูู‰
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:52,180 --> 00:12:59,230
647
+ extraู…ูˆุถู„ organ involved in bone marrow ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:59,230 --> 00:13:06,230
651
+ liver are involved classification according to the
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:06,230 --> 00:13:13,150
655
+ infiltration of cells in biopsy ุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:13,150 --> 00:13:15,750
659
+ low grade lymphoma intermediate grade lymphoma and
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:15,750 --> 00:13:20,210
663
+ high grade lymphoma ูˆ treatment ุงู„ lymphoma ุงู„ู„ูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:20,210 --> 00:13:23,910
667
+ with follicular patternุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง less aggressive
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:23,910 --> 00:13:27,050
671
+ than those with diffuse batter ูˆุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ less
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:27,050 --> 00:13:30,650
675
+ treatment small lymphocytic lymphoma ุฃูŠุถุง less
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:30,650 --> 00:13:39,570
679
+ aggressive than large ูˆ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:39,570 --> 00:13:44,470
683
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ acute leukemia ุจุนุถ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:44,470 --> 00:13:47,190
687
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ high grade lymphoma ุนุงุฑู‚ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:47,190 --> 00:13:53,020
691
+ ุจูˆู„ูˆุชูˆ treatment ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจูŠู†ู…ุงุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:53,020 --> 00:13:55,620
695
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Hodgkin disease ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Hodgkin lymphoma
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:55,620 --> 00:14:01,760
699
+ usually is disseminated at presentation ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูƒูˆู†
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:11,820
703
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุช ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุงู†ู‡ูŠุช ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ ุฏู‡ ูˆุดูƒุฑุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:11,820 --> 00:14:19,020
707
+ ู„ุงุณุชู…ุงุนูƒู… ู…ุนู†ุง ุงุฑุฌูˆุง ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชู…ุชุนุชู… ู…ุนู†ุง
708
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/SmoduOgvFz4_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:03,100 --> 00:00:06,680
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ non non
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:09,860
7
+ -lochemical malignant ุงูˆ lymph proliferative
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,860 --> 00:00:16,240
11
+ disorders ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Hodgkin disease ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,240 --> 00:00:18,600
15
+ Hodgkin disease ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† neo plastic disorder
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:18,600 --> 00:00:23,920
19
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆู„ูˆุฏ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Red
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:23,920 --> 00:00:30,220
23
+ Steinberg cell ูˆ ุงู„ Red Steinberg cell ู‡ุฐู‡ ุบุฑูŠุจุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,220 --> 00:00:35,290
27
+ ุจุชู†ุดุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ lymph nodesูˆ it's restricted only to
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:35,290 --> 00:00:41,430
31
+ the lymph nodes it's not ูŠุนู†ูŠ it can spread to the
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:41,430 --> 00:00:46,310
35
+ contiguous group of lymph node ุฅู†ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุจุฑุง ุงู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:46,310 --> 00:00:50,790
39
+ lymph node ูŠุนู†ูŠ it's very rare ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:50,790 --> 00:00:53,410
43
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ lymph node involvement ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:53,410 --> 00:00:57,890
47
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ defective immunity ู„ุฅู† ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑูƒ ููŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,890 --> 00:01:00,190
51
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ lymph nodes
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:07,510 --> 00:01:12,550
55
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฏู†ุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฏู†ุณ ู…ู† ุญู„ุชูŠู† ู„ุงุฑุจุน ุญุงู„ุงุช ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุฆุฉ ุงู„ู
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:12,550 --> 00:01:16,830
59
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ population ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆ by model age
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,830 --> 00:01:19,870
63
+ distribution ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู† ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:19,870 --> 00:01:24,190
67
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:24,190 --> 00:01:27,230
71
+ male ูƒุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ female one point seven to
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:27,230 --> 00:01:35,630
75
+ one ูˆุงู„ pathophysiology ุงู†ู‡ ุงู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,630 --> 00:01:40,230
79
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† painless at presentation ูŠุนู†ูŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:40,230 --> 00:01:44,610
83
+ ูˆูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† painlessness ูŠุนู†ูŠ asymmetrical
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:44,610 --> 00:01:50,610
87
+ enlargement of lymph nodes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:50,610 --> 00:01:54,850
91
+ lymph nodes enlargement which lymph node ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฅู…ุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:54,850 --> 00:01:59,450
95
+ cervical or subclavicular lymph nodes ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:59,450 --> 00:02:04,270
99
+ ูŠุณุชุซู†ู‰ ุงู„ auxiliary ูˆ ุงู„inguinal or femoralู…ุงุดูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:04,270 --> 00:02:07,130
103
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ lymph node enlargement
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:07,130 --> 00:02:16,170
107
+ ุจุชุญุณุณู‡ุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู„ู…ุŸ ู„ุฃ ูุงุด ุฃู„ู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† this
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:16,170 --> 00:02:22,350
111
+ is at presentation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ lymph
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:22,350 --> 00:02:24,930
115
+ nodes ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุญูˆุจ generalized etching
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:28,030 --> 00:02:30,710
119
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:30,710 --> 00:02:33,110
123
+ Hodgkin disease ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Restricted at presentation
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:33,110 --> 00:02:38,650
127
+ ููŠ ุญูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ุชูƒูˆู† Systemic ุงูˆ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:38,650 --> 00:02:44,950
131
+ Disseminated at presentation ุงู„ presence of Alexia
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:44,950 --> 00:02:47,590
135
+ ูˆ Night sweating ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง associated with
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:47,590 --> 00:02:53,130
139
+ advanced disease Clinical presentation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:53,130 --> 00:02:56,470
143
+ Non tender lymph node enlargementุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:56,470 --> 00:03:02,570
147
+ ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฃูˆ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุณุชูŠู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุฏูŠู†ูˆุจุงุชูŠ ุงู‚ุฏูˆู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑุงู†ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:02,570 --> 00:03:06,890
151
+ ุฏู„ ุฏูŠุฒูŠุฒ ุณูŠุณุชูŠู†ูŠูƒุณ ุณูŠู…ุชูˆู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ููŠุจุฑ ู†ุงูŠุช ูˆุดูˆูŠุชู†ุฌ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:06,890 --> 00:03:12,290
155
+ ุงู†ูƒุณุจู„ูŠู† ูˆูˆูŠุช ู„ูˆุณ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆ ุงุฎุฑ ุณูŠู…ุชูˆู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุชูŠู‚
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:12,290 --> 00:03:16,230
159
+ ูˆูˆูŠูƒู†ุณ ุจูˆุฑุงูŠุชุณ ุจูˆุฑุงูŠุชุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุฉ ูƒุงู ูˆchest pain
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:16,230 --> 00:03:21,750
163
+ shortness of breath ูˆููŠู†ุง ูƒุงูุง ุณู†ุฏุฑูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ุงุจุฏูˆู…ู†ุงู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:21,750 --> 00:03:27,790
167
+ painPower disturbances, ascites ูˆ ุจูˆู…ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:27,790 --> 00:03:35,230
171
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† symptoms ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ recognition ุบูŠุฑูˆุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:35,230 --> 00:03:40,370
175
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎุงู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ peripheral
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:40,370 --> 00:03:43,410
179
+ blood ู…ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ ุงูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ bone marrow
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:43,410 --> 00:03:47,790
183
+ is not involved ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒู‡ุฏุฃ disease of
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:47,790 --> 00:03:53,090
187
+ pathologist ู…ุด disease of hematologist ู„ูƒู†ุจู…ุง ุฃู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:53,090 --> 00:04:00,290
191
+ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ is ุงู„ .. ุงู„ hematologically
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:00,290 --> 00:04:05,570
195
+ affected ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุชุฑู‚ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจูˆูƒูŠุฒูŠุง ู…ุง ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:05,570 --> 00:04:08,290
199
+ man's passive changes such as myelotrombocytosis
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:08,290 --> 00:04:14,810
203
+ ู†ุชุฑูˆููŠู„ูŠุง relative eczemophilia is present ูˆ ุฌู…ูŠุน
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:14,810 --> 00:04:18,430
207
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุงู†ูุณุงูŠุชูˆุจูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุงุฑุชุฑูˆุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณุชุณ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:18,430 --> 00:04:23,180
211
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ู… ุจูŠุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ in its advanced
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:23,180 --> 00:04:31,620
215
+ stage ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุฑ is not involvement is only
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:31,620 --> 00:04:37,900
219
+ involved in advanced stage ู„ูƒู†ู‡ it's uncommon at
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:37,900 --> 00:04:43,960
223
+ presentationุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ lymph
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:50,180
227
+ node ุจูŠูˆุจุณูŠ ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ูˆ ู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ presence
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:50,180 --> 00:04:55,260
231
+ of infiltrate ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุชุฎู„ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:55,260 --> 00:05:01,120
235
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ RS cell ูˆ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ RS cell ู„ู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:02,360 --> 00:05:06,520
239
+ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:06,520 --> 00:05:08,240
243
+ ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Chronic
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:08,240 --> 00:05:12,160
247
+ lymphocytic leukemia ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ Hodgkin disease ุงู„ู€
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:12,160 --> 00:05:16,120
251
+ RS cell is typically ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† large cell ููŠู‡ุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:22,440
255
+ two or more large oval nuclei ูƒู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:27,480
259
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงุณ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงุณ is
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:32,700
263
+ separated from ุงู„ nuclear membraneby a clear zone
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:32,700 --> 00:05:37,020
267
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ nucleoli ูˆ ุงู„ nuclear
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:37,020 --> 00:05:40,900
271
+ membrane classification
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:40,900 --> 00:05:44,380
275
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง classification according to the pattern of
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:44,380 --> 00:05:52,700
279
+ infiltration ู„ู„ lymph node biopsy ูู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:52,700 --> 00:05:56,180
283
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ lymphocyte predominant ูˆ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:56,180 --> 00:06:01,160
287
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ infiltrate ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุจุงู„ lymphocytes
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:07,420
291
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ Nodular Sclerosis ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:07,420 --> 00:06:13,660
295
+ ุชุฌู…ุน ุญู„ู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ Infiltrate
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:13,660 --> 00:06:18,240
299
+ ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุชุฎู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ RS Cell ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ RS Cell ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:23,680
303
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ lacunar cell ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง lacunar
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:27,340
307
+ cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ cytoplasm is contracted
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:27,340 --> 00:06:35,930
311
+ ู…ุถุบูˆุท ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Artifact Sclerosis
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:35,930 --> 00:06:41,210
315
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูƒู„ุงุฌุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฎุตุงู…
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:41,210 --> 00:06:45,890
319
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู†
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:45,890 --> 00:06:50,870
323
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ูˆุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง associated with thymic
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:50,870 --> 00:06:56,110
327
+ origin ูˆูŠูˆุฌุฏ Prognosis ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Mixed
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:56,110 --> 00:06:58,390
331
+ Cellularity ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:58,390 --> 00:06:58,970
335
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:02,620 --> 00:07:07,380
339
+ ุงู„ู€ RS Cell ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Scattered Within These
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:07,380 --> 00:07:11,500
343
+ Cells Lymphocyte Depleted ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… ู…ุงููŠุด
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:11,500 --> 00:07:18,000
347
+ Lymphocytes ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ RS ูˆู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:21,940
351
+ ุจHesticide ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Lymphocyte is scantูŠ scant ูŠุนู†ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:21,940 --> 00:07:28,540
355
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ Immunophenotyping ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:30,220 --> 00:07:36,900
359
+ ุงู„ู€ RS ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Red Stamp Excel ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ CD25ุŒ IL-2
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:36,900 --> 00:07:44,220
363
+ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑุŒ CD15 ูˆ CD30 ูˆูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฅู„ู‰ B ูˆT
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:44,220 --> 00:07:48,240
367
+ ู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ูุฌุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ NS ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ nodular sclerosis
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:48,240 --> 00:07:51,320
371
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ mixed similarity ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† B ู„ูŠู†ููˆูŠุฏ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:51,320 --> 00:07:57,620
375
+ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฌู†ุงู†ุณูŠ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช predominant ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:57,620 --> 00:08:02,790
379
+ ุนู† T ู„ูŠู†ููˆูŠุฏ ู…ุงุฑูƒุฑุนู…ู„ูˆุง staging ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ููŠู‡
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:02,790 --> 00:08:05,910
383
+ ุฃุฑุจุน stages ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ involvement of
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:05,910 --> 00:08:09,390
387
+ single lymph nodes ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:09,390 --> 00:08:11,530
391
+ lymph nodes are involved ู„ูƒู† at the same
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:11,530 --> 00:08:14,590
395
+ anatomical
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:14,590 --> 00:08:18,770
399
+ sides ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ involvement of lymph node
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:18,770 --> 00:08:23,200
403
+ region on both sides of the bodyูˆุงู„ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:23,200 --> 00:08:25,940
407
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ diffuse or disseminated involvement
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:25,940 --> 00:08:33,480
411
+ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ extra lymphatic organ ุจ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:33,480 --> 00:08:36,520
415
+ .. with or without associated lymph node
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:36,520 --> 00:08:43,080
419
+ involvement treatment ุญุณุจ ุงู„ stage ุงู„ early stage
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:43,080 --> 00:08:47,420
423
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง localized radiotherapy ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ advanced
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:47,420 --> 00:08:52,940
427
+ stage ุจุฏู‡ุง chemotherapy ุงู„ prognosisุทุจุนุงู‹ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:52,940 --> 00:08:58,520
431
+ ุฃู†ู‡ 80% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌูŠู†ุง ููŠ stage number one ูˆ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:01,580
435
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 50% ู…ู† stage number four of Hodgkin
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:01,580 --> 00:09:05,400
439
+ disease ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนูŠุด ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ at the
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:05,400 --> 00:09:10,760
443
+ presentation ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุดูุงุก
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:10,760 --> 00:09:15,300
447
+ ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ Hodgkin disease ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:15,300 --> 00:09:23,580
451
+ Hodgkin lymphoma ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงู„ู… ุขุฎุฑูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:23,580 --> 00:09:30,740
455
+ ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒุชุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ hemopoietic malignancy ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:30,740 --> 00:09:35,900
459
+ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ malignant hematological
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:35,900 --> 00:09:40,100
463
+ malignancy ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ myeloproliferative ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุดูƒู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:40,100 --> 00:09:43,900
467
+ ุจูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูˆ ุงู„ malignant lymphomaูˆุฃุญู†ุง
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:43,900 --> 00:09:47,320
471
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Hodgkin ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:50,060
475
+ Perkins Lymphoma ูˆ Cutaneous T Cell Leukemia
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:50,060 --> 00:09:56,560
479
+ ู„ู„ู…ููˆู…ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma by definition
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:56,560 --> 00:09:59,920
483
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจู„ุนู†ุฉ heterogeneous group of B Anti-Cell
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:59,920 --> 00:10:03,700
487
+ Malignancy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ that are diverse in cellular
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:03,700 --> 00:10:08,060
491
+ origin and morphologyุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุชูŠูƒ ูˆุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:08,060 --> 00:10:08,560
495
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:08,560 --> 00:10:10,620
499
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:10,620 --> 00:10:11,920
503
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุงุช
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:19,200
507
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:21,860
511
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:21,860 --> 00:10:23,400
515
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:23,400 --> 00:10:24,260
519
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:24,260 --> 00:10:27,800
523
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:27,800 --> 00:10:32,660
527
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:37,010 --> 00:10:42,950
531
+ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู‚ุชู†ุนุช ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุจุดุชุบุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุจุงุฑูŠุณ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:42,950 --> 00:10:46,890
535
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:46,890 --> 00:10:54,410
539
+ .ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏูŠู…ูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:54,410 --> 00:10:58,600
543
+ ุงู„ู€ Non-Hodgkin lymphomaุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:07,320
547
+ rubber industry people ูˆ their significance of
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:07,320 --> 00:11:13,880
551
+ their of this observation still in doubt ุณุงุนุชู‡
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:13,880 --> 00:11:15,800
555
+ genetic abnormality ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู… ุงู„
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:18,860
559
+ abnormality ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู… ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:18,860 --> 00:11:22,100
563
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ูˆ ุงุฑุจุชุงุด ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ูˆ ุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:22,100 --> 00:11:24,840
567
+ pathophysiology ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ lymphomas with
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:24,840 --> 00:11:29,480
571
+ follicular patternovergrowth ุจุชูƒูˆู† less aggressive
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:34,060
575
+ than diffuse pattern ู†ู…ุฑุฃุชูŠู† small lymphocytic
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:34,060 --> 00:11:39,060
579
+ lymphoma ุฃู‚ู„ ุดุฑุงุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ large cell lymphoma
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:39,060 --> 00:11:45,800
583
+ ู†ู…ุฑุฃุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ high
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:48,980
587
+ grade lymphoma are more amenable to treatment
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:48,980 --> 00:11:55,180
591
+ ู‚ุงุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ chronic types of leukemia
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:57,020 --> 00:12:00,120
595
+ ุฃูŠุถุง in contrast to Hodgkin disease ุงู„ู€ non
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:00,120 --> 00:12:03,460
599
+ Hodgkin lymphoma is disseminated at presentation
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:03,460 --> 00:12:10,700
603
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† localized ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ 85% ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู…ููˆู…ุฉ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:10,700 --> 00:12:15,480
607
+ ู‡ูŠูˆุฑุงู† Hodgkin lymphoma ูˆุทุจุนุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:18,880
611
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุฑูƒุฒู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:18,880 --> 00:12:22,980
615
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ disease of pathologist ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ disease of
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:22,980 --> 00:12:27,220
619
+ AIof a hematologist ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€ non-Hodgkin
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:27,220 --> 00:12:31,240
623
+ lymphoma ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ stages ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ according to the
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:31,240 --> 00:12:35,940
627
+ age while staging ุงูŠูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ุงู†ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:35,940 --> 00:12:39,340
631
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู‰ two sides ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ upper ูˆ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:39,340 --> 00:12:43,460
635
+ ุงู„ lower ู‡ู‰ involvement of one of lymph node in
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:43,460 --> 00:12:47,360
639
+ one side ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† lymph nodes ู„ูƒู† on the same side
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:47,360 --> 00:12:52,180
643
+ ู‡ู†ุง lymph node involvement in both sides ุซู… ูู‰
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:52,180 --> 00:12:59,230
647
+ extraู…ูˆุถู„ organ involved in bone marrow ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:59,230 --> 00:13:06,230
651
+ liver are involved classification according to the
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:06,230 --> 00:13:13,150
655
+ infiltration of cells in biopsy ุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:13,150 --> 00:13:15,750
659
+ low grade lymphoma intermediate grade lymphoma and
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:15,750 --> 00:13:20,210
663
+ high grade lymphoma ูˆ treatment ุงู„ lymphoma ุงู„ู„ูŠ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:20,210 --> 00:13:23,910
667
+ with follicular patternุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง less aggressive
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:23,910 --> 00:13:27,050
671
+ than those with diffuse batter ูˆุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ less
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:27,050 --> 00:13:30,650
675
+ treatment small lymphocytic lymphoma ุฃูŠุถุง less
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:30,650 --> 00:13:39,570
679
+ aggressive than large ูˆ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:39,570 --> 00:13:44,470
683
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ acute leukemia ุจุนุถ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:44,470 --> 00:13:47,190
687
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ high grade lymphoma ุนุงุฑู‚ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:47,190 --> 00:13:53,020
691
+ ุจูˆู„ูˆุชูˆ treatment ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจูŠู†ู…ุงุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:53,020 --> 00:13:55,620
695
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Hodgkin disease ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Hodgkin lymphoma
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:55,620 --> 00:14:01,760
699
+ usually is disseminated at presentation ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูƒูˆู†
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:11,820
703
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุช ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุงู†ู‡ูŠุช ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ ุฏู‡ ูˆุดูƒุฑุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:11,820 --> 00:14:19,020
707
+ ู„ุงุณุชู…ุงุนูƒู… ู…ุนู†ุง ุงุฑุฌูˆุง ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชู…ุชุนุชู… ู…ุนู†ุง
708
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/TEa8D_iPsLc.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:03,190 --> 00:00:08,870
3
+ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€Hemopoiesis ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,870 --> 00:00:13,270
7
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ stem cell ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุชุณู…ู‰
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,270 --> 00:00:19,310
11
+ ุจุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง stem cells ุฃูˆ ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุทูŠุจ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:19,310 --> 00:00:23,150
15
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€ Hemopoiesis ูƒู€ Hemopoiesis ูƒุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:23,150 --> 00:00:28,530
19
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจู…ุญุฏุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ุง ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠู† Hemo ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,530 --> 00:00:34,310
23
+ referring to ุงู„ู€ blood cell ูˆ ุจูˆูŠุณุฒ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:34,310 --> 00:00:40,290
27
+ development or production ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:40,290 --> 00:00:44,910
31
+ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ production and development ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,910 --> 00:00:50,830
35
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู„ู‚ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:50,830 --> 00:00:58,190
39
+ ู‡ูˆ ุขู„ุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจู…ุตุทู„ุญู†ุง ุจุชุนุงู„ู‚ ุงุจูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:58,190 --> 00:01:02,290
43
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุญุฉ erythropoiesis ูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:02,290 --> 00:01:06,190
47
+ ุงู„ู€ leukocyte ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุญุฉ leukopoiesis ูˆ ุงู„ู€
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:06,190 --> 00:01:14,110
51
+ thrombocyte ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุญุฉ thrombopoiesis ุงู„ู€
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:14,110 --> 00:01:18,950
55
+ hemopoiesis ุจุชุชูƒูˆู†
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:18,950 --> 00:01:25,400
59
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:31,560
63
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow stromal cell ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:31,560 --> 00:01:37,880
67
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุซู… ุงู„ู€ hemopoietic stem
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:37,880 --> 00:01:43,820
71
+ cell ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุตู†ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:43,820 --> 00:01:48,040
75
+ ุซู… ุงู„ู€ growth factors ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:56,840
79
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง growth factors ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง humoral
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:56,840 --> 00:02:00,300
83
+ factors ุฃู…ุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:00,300 --> 00:02:05,380
87
+ bone marrow stroma ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง local control system
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:05,380 --> 00:02:11,820
91
+ ู„ุฃู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆู…ุชู…ูŠุฒ ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:17,660 --> 00:02:22,180
95
+ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:22,180 --> 00:02:26,560
99
+ ุงู„ู€ hemapoiesis ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ stem cell theory ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:31,760
103
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:36,800
107
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ู‡ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:45,020
111
+ ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง stem cell ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:45,020 --> 00:02:51,180
115
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ stem cell ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:51,180 --> 00:02:55,940
119
+ ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง pluripotent stem cell ูˆ pluripotent ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:55,940 --> 00:03:00,560
123
+ ุตุงุญุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตู†ูŠุน
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:06,720
127
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูุฃูˆู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:09,080
131
+ ุจุชุณู…ู‰ pluripotent stem cell
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:17,260
135
+ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง myeloid series
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:17,260 --> 00:03:21,780
139
+ ูˆุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง lymphoid series ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:21,780 --> 00:03:26,260
143
+ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู€ myeloid
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:26,260 --> 00:03:31,980
147
+ ูˆุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ lymphoid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:31,980 --> 00:03:35,420
151
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:35,420 --> 00:03:40,480
155
+ ู†ุตุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชูˆุถุญูŠุฉ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฏุฆุฉ ู‡ูŠ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:40,480 --> 00:03:48,550
159
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง HSC ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู„ู€ hemopoietic stem
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:48,550 --> 00:03:55,290
163
+ cell ู‚ุณู…ุช ูˆุงุนุทุชู†ูŠ two type of cell ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:58,510 --> 00:04:01,510
167
+ Precursor committed ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ู„ุชุฒู…ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:01,510 --> 00:04:05,830
171
+ myeloid precursor cell precursor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:05,830 --> 00:04:09,990
175
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ู€ myeloid ุซู… ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:09,990 --> 00:04:16,070
179
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง committed lymphoid
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:16,070 --> 00:04:20,650
183
+ precursor ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ู„ุชุฒู…ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:20,650 --> 00:04:30,100
187
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู…ุฏูˆุฌู‡ุง lymph ู„ูŠู†ููˆูŠุฏ ุทูŠุจ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:30,100 --> 00:04:33,560
191
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ myeloid ุจุชุชู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ myeloid
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:38,240
195
+ lineage ูˆ ุงู„ู€ myeloid lineage ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูˆ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:41,880
199
+ ุงู„ู€ platelets ูˆ ุงู„ู€ monocyte ูˆ ุงู„ู€ granulocyte
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:45,160
203
+ ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ูˆ ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู€ granulocyte ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:45,160 --> 00:04:48,520
207
+ ุชู„ุงุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ neutrophil ูˆ ุงู„ู€
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:48,520 --> 00:04:52,960
211
+ eosinophil ูˆ ุงู„ู€ basophil ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ lymphoid precursor
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:52,960 --> 00:05:00,320
215
+ cell ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ู‡ุงุฌุฑุช
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:06,540
219
+ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุงุฌุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุฑุงุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ thymus ูˆุฌุฒุก ุฏู„ ููŠ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:06,540 --> 00:05:10,520
223
+ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ B
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:10,520 --> 00:05:15,260
227
+ type cell ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ thymus ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ T
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:15,260 --> 00:05:20,020
231
+ type cell ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง naรฏve ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ู†ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:20,020 --> 00:05:24,440
235
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ู… ุชู‚ุงุจู„ antigen ุจุนุฏ
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/TEa8D_iPsLc_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:03,190 --> 00:00:08,870
3
+ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ Hemopoiesis ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,870 --> 00:00:13,270
7
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ stem cell ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุชุณู…ู‰
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,270 --> 00:00:19,310
11
+ ุจุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง stem cells ุฃูˆ ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุทูŠุจ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:19,310 --> 00:00:23,150
15
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ Hemopoiesis ูƒ Hemopoiesis ูƒุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:23,150 --> 00:00:28,530
19
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจู…ุญุฏุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ุง ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠู† Hemo ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,530 --> 00:00:34,310
23
+ referring toุงู„ู€ blood cell ูˆ ุจูˆูŠุณุฒ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:34,310 --> 00:00:40,290
27
+ development or production ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:40,290 --> 00:00:44,910
31
+ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ production and development ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,910 --> 00:00:50,830
35
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู„ู‚ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:50,830 --> 00:00:58,190
39
+ ู‡ูˆ ุขู„ุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจู…ุตุทู„ุญุจูŠุชุนุงู„ู‚ ุงุจูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ RBCs
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:58,190 --> 00:01:02,290
43
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุญุฉ erythropoiesis ูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:02,290 --> 00:01:06,190
47
+ ุงู„ leukocyte ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุญุฉ leukopoiesis ูˆ ุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:06,190 --> 00:01:14,110
51
+ thrombocyte ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุญุฉ thrombopoiesis ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:14,110 --> 00:01:18,950
55
+ hemopoiesis ุจุชุชูƒูˆู†
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:18,950 --> 00:01:25,400
59
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‡ูˆ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:31,560
63
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุจูˆู… ู…ุงุฑูˆุณุชุฑูˆู…ุงู„ ุณูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:31,560 --> 00:01:37,880
67
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุซู… ุงู„ hemopoietic stem
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:37,880 --> 00:01:43,820
71
+ cell ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุตู†ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:43,820 --> 00:01:48,040
75
+ ุซู… ุงู„ growth factors ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:56,840
79
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง growth factors ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง humoral
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:56,840 --> 00:02:00,300
83
+ factors ุฃู…ุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:00,300 --> 00:02:05,380
87
+ bone marrow stormer ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง local control system
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:05,380 --> 00:02:11,820
91
+ ู„ุฃู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆู…ุชู…ูŠุฒ ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:17,660 --> 00:02:22,180
95
+ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:22,180 --> 00:02:26,560
99
+ ุงู„ hemapoiesis ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stem cell theory ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:31,760
103
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:36,800
107
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ู‡ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:45,020
111
+ ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง stem cell ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:45,020 --> 00:02:51,180
115
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stem cellุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:51,180 --> 00:02:55,940
119
+ ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง pluripotent stem cell ูˆ pluripotent ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:55,940 --> 00:03:00,560
123
+ ุตุงุญุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตู†ูŠุน
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:06,720
127
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูุฃูˆู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:09,080
131
+ ุจุชุณู…ู‰ pluripotent stem cell
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:17,260
135
+ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง myeloid series
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:17,260 --> 00:03:21,780
139
+ ูˆุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง lymphoid series ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู…
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:21,780 --> 00:03:26,260
143
+ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ myeloid
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:26,260 --> 00:03:31,980
147
+ ูˆุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ lymphoid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:31,980 --> 00:03:35,420
151
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:35,420 --> 00:03:40,480
155
+ ู†ุตุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชูˆุถุญูŠุฉ ุจุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฏุฆุฉ ู‡ูŠ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:40,480 --> 00:03:48,550
159
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง HSC ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู„ hemopoietic stem
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:48,550 --> 00:03:55,290
163
+ cell ู‚ุณู…ุช ูˆุงุนุทุชู†ูŠ two type of cell ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:58,510 --> 00:04:01,510
167
+ Precursor committed ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ู„ุชุฒู…ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:01,510 --> 00:04:05,830
171
+ myeloid precursor cell precursor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:05,830 --> 00:04:09,990
175
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู† ู„ู„myeloid ุซู… ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:09,990 --> 00:04:16,070
179
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง committed lymphoid
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:16,070 --> 00:04:20,650
183
+ precursor ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ู„ุชุฒู…ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:20,650 --> 00:04:30,100
187
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆุฌู‡ุง lymphู„ูŠู†ููˆูŠุฏ ุทูŠุจ ุทุจุนุง ุฒู‰ ู…ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:30,100 --> 00:04:33,560
191
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฏู‡ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ myeloid ุจุชุชู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ myeloid
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:38,240
195
+ lineage ูˆ ุงู„ myeloid lineage ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ RBCs ูˆ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:41,880
199
+ ุงู„ platelets ูˆ ุงู„ monocyte ูˆ ุงู„ granulocyte
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:45,160
203
+ ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ูˆ ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ granulocyte ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:45,160 --> 00:04:48,520
207
+ ุชู„ุงุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ neutrophil ูˆ ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:48,520 --> 00:04:52,960
211
+ xenophil ูˆ ุงู„ bisophil ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ lymphoid precursor
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:52,960 --> 00:05:00,320
215
+ cell ุฏู‡ ู‡ู‰ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆู…ุงุฑูˆ ู‡ุงุฌุฑุช
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:06,540
219
+ ุงูˆ ู‡ุงุฌุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุฑุงุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ thymus ูˆุฌุฒุก ุฏู„ ูู‰
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:06,540 --> 00:05:10,520
223
+ ุงู„ุจูˆู…ุงุฑูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฏู„ ูู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆู…ุงุฑูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ B
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:10,520 --> 00:05:15,260
227
+ type cell ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฑุงุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ thymus ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ T
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:15,260 --> 00:05:20,020
231
+ type cell ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ูŠูŠู ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ู†ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:20,020 --> 00:05:24,440
235
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ู… ุชู‚ุงุจู„ antigen ุจุนุฏ
236
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/YBPHvuu3nhw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1927 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,300 --> 00:00:04,360
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุณุชุนูŠู† ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:06,020
7
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:06,020 --> 00:00:06,520
11
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:06,520 --> 00:00:09,340
15
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:09,340 --> 00:00:12,540
19
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:12,540 --> 00:00:13,320
23
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:13,980
27
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:13,980 --> 00:00:22,740
31
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:22,740 --> 00:00:25,390
35
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† heterogeneous group and
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:25,390 --> 00:00:28,290
39
+ inherited disorders ูˆุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† genetic diseases
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:28,290 --> 00:00:35,650
43
+ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุบูŠุงุจ ุฃูˆ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:35,650 --> 00:00:39,710
47
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ development chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฃู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:39,710 --> 00:00:46,680
51
+ during the ontogeny of globin chain synthesis ุจุชู…ุฑ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:50,620
55
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:00:50,620 --> 00:00:57,180
59
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุณุชุฉ different globin chains ุญุณุจ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:00:57,180 --> 00:01:03,160
63
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ embryonic or
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:09,740
67
+ neonatal or adult ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:10,990 --> 00:01:16,110
71
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุฃูˆ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ globin ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:16,110 --> 00:01:19,710
75
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ balance ู…ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:19,710 --> 00:01:24,610
79
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ alpha ูˆ ุงู„ู€ non-alpha ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู†
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:24,610 --> 00:01:30,210
83
+ ุงู„ู€ balance ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ imbalance ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:30,210 --> 00:01:36,150
87
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ineffective erythropoiesis ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:36,150 --> 00:01:42,330
91
+ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู„ู„ู€
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:42,330 --> 00:01:48,730
95
+ hemoglobinopathies ุงู„ู€ hemoglobinopathy ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:48,730 --> 00:01:54,030
99
+ ุงู„ู€ globin chain is abnormal ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ thalassemia ุงู„ู€
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:54,030 --> 00:01:58,270
103
+ globin chain is normal ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ rate of production
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:58,270 --> 00:02:02,230
107
+ is reduced incidence ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู€
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:02,230 --> 00:02:07,290
111
+ incidence ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุฏูˆุชed line ุงู„ู…ู†ู‚ุท
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:07,290 --> 00:02:11,380
115
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ู†ู‚ุท ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:11,380 --> 00:02:16,500
119
+ ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู€ thalassemia
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:16,500 --> 00:02:19,860
123
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Mediterranean
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:19,860 --> 00:02:27,260
127
+ area ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชู†ุฒู„
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:27,260 --> 00:02:35,220
131
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุบุฑุจ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:35,220 --> 00:02:39,080
135
+ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ incidence of thalassemia ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:39,080 --> 00:02:42,020
139
+ thalassemia ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ูˆู„ุฏุช ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:42,020 --> 00:02:46,100
143
+ malaria endemic ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ positive selection
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:46,100 --> 00:02:54,540
147
+ ู„ู„ุฌูŠู† ุญู…ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ malaria ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุชุฌ ู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:54,540 --> 00:03:00,150
151
+ ุฃู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ thalassemia ุงู„ู€ Distribution ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:00,150 --> 00:03:04,170
155
+ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ Beta Thalassemia is
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:04,170 --> 00:03:07,910
159
+ mostly common ููŠ Mediterranean Area ู…ุฏูŠู†ุชู†ุง ููŠ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:07,910 --> 00:03:12,110
163
+ AfricaุŒ IndiaุŒ Southeast Asia ูˆIndonesia ูˆ ุงู„ู€
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:12,110 --> 00:03:16,890
167
+ incidence of mutation ููŠ Beta Thalassemia ุจูŠุตู„ ู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:16,890 --> 00:03:23,600
171
+ 10% ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุฒูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:27,780
175
+ Disorder is rare ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Northern ูˆ Western Europe ูˆ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:27,780 --> 00:03:32,380
179
+ ุงู„ู€ Native American ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:32,380 --> 00:03:35,240
183
+ clinically mild Alpha Thalassemia ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:39,540
187
+ Alpha Plus ูˆ Alpha Zero ุงู„ู€ Alpha Plus ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ูŠุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:39,540 --> 00:03:43,100
191
+ mostly common ููŠ ุงู„ู€ American Black ูˆ Indonesia ูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:43,100 --> 00:03:46,420
195
+ Southeast Asia ูˆ Middle East India Mediterranean
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:58,190 --> 00:04:02,790
199
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:02,790 --> 00:04:07,950
203
+ homozygous form ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ clinically
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:07,950 --> 00:04:10,990
207
+ severe alpha thalassemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ alpha zero
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:10,990 --> 00:04:18,880
211
+ ุจุชุณูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ูู„ุจูŠู† south east asia south china ูˆู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:18,880 --> 00:04:22,140
215
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุชุจุนู‹ุง ู„ู€ population incidence ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ nation
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:22,140 --> 00:04:27,620
219
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน 25% ู…ู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:27,620 --> 00:04:32,400
223
+ ุชุงูŠู„ุงู†ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Alpha Zero ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:32,400 --> 00:04:37,380
227
+ Classification ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:37,380 --> 00:04:42,140
231
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุนุงู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ globin ุงู„ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุซุฑ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:42,140 --> 00:04:47,180
235
+ Alpha ุฃูˆ Beta ุฃูˆ Combined Delta ุฃูˆ Gamma Delta
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:47,180 --> 00:04:54,100
239
+ whatever ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ thalassemia ุนู„ู‰
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:54,100 --> 00:05:02,600
243
+ ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ reduction complete or reduced ูŠุนู†ูŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:06,760
247
+ partial or absolute ูŠูˆู… ูƒุงู† partial ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง Beta
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:06,760 --> 00:05:13,940
251
+ plus ูˆูŠูˆู… ูƒุงู† absolute ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ู€ Beta Zero ุซู…
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:13,940 --> 00:05:19,050
255
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ other ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:19,050 --> 00:05:24,450
259
+ ู„ู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูŠุฒุงุชุงุฌุงุช ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:24,450 --> 00:05:27,370
263
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:27,370 --> 00:05:27,430
267
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:27,430 --> 00:05:32,090
271
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:32,090 --> 00:05:34,110
275
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:34,110 --> 00:05:36,390
279
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:36,390 --> 00:05:39,130
283
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุช
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:39,130 --> 00:05:44,940
287
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ุฑู‚ู… 16 ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:44,940 --> 00:05:51,480
291
+ ุฎู…ุณ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ normal ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุนุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:51,480 --> 00:05:55,520
295
+ normal ููŠ ุงู„ู€ normal ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู„ุฃู† two genes
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:55,520 --> 00:06:01,840
299
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 16 ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง maternal ูˆ paternal ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:01,840 --> 00:06:07,060
303
+ 16 ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู€ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุฏุช
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:07,060 --> 00:06:11,540
307
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุบูŠุจ ุฌูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:11,540 --> 00:06:17,920
311
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุง ุบูŠุงุจ ุฌูŠู† ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Alpha ูˆุจู…ุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:17,920 --> 00:06:23,720
315
+ ุฃู†ู‡ partial plus ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:23,720 --> 00:06:28,240
319
+ heterozygous ุฃูŠู‡ุง Alpha ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุฌูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:33,040
323
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ paternal ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ maternal ุฌูŠู†
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:33,040 --> 00:06:40,040
327
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ partial ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ partial ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Alpha
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:43,690
331
+ plus ูˆู…ุง ุฏุงู… ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฌุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅูŠู‡
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:43,690 --> 00:06:51,490
335
+ ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌูˆุณ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ุทู„ุน
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:51,490 --> 00:06:55,010
339
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดุฌุฉ partial ูˆู„ุง complete ูˆู„ุง absolute
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:55,010 --> 00:06:59,290
343
+ partial ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Alpha plus ุทุจ ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุดุฌุชูŠู† ููŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:59,290 --> 00:07:04,110
347
+ ุดุฌุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ homozygous ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุฃู†
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:04,110 --> 00:07:07,670
351
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุบุงูŠุจูŠู† ุจุณ ู…ู† ุดุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‡ูˆ Alpha Zero
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:07,670 --> 00:07:12,770
355
+ ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณู„ูŠู… ูู‡ูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:12,770 --> 00:07:18,430
359
+ heterozygous ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ู€ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง parts
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:18,430 --> 00:07:23,290
363
+ hemoglobin parts or hydrocephalus ูˆูŠุบูŠุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:23,290 --> 00:07:28,210
367
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ Alpha Zero Alpha Plus double
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:28,210 --> 00:07:32,850
371
+ heterozygous ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฃู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Beta
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:32,850 --> 00:07:36,450
375
+ -thalassemia ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง Beta ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:36,450 --> 00:07:39,370
379
+ ุนู† point mutation ู…ุด ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† growth dilation
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:39,910 --> 00:07:44,790
383
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† defected ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:44,790 --> 00:07:49,830
387
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฌูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 11 ูŠุฌุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two genes
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:49,830 --> 00:07:53,850
391
+ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Beta-thalassemia ู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุจ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:53,850 --> 00:07:59,050
395
+ ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู… ูุงู„ู€ normal ู‡ูˆ Beta Beta ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:59,050 --> 00:08:04,320
399
+ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูˆู…ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู…ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:09,060
403
+ Plus Beta Plus Beta ุฃูˆ Beta Plus heterozygous ู„ุฃู†ู‡
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:09,060 --> 00:08:13,980
407
+ ุชู‚ู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฃูˆ Beta Plus homozygous ุฃูˆ Beta Zero
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:13,980 --> 00:08:20,320
411
+ heterozygous ูˆ Beta Zero homozygous ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ Path of
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:20,320 --> 00:08:26,540
415
+ the cell ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ thalassemiaุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:26,540 --> 00:08:33,280
419
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† imbalance ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:33,280 --> 00:08:41,200
423
+ ุงู„ู€ Alpha-like ูˆุงู„ู€ Non-Alpha-like ู…ุงููŠ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:41,200 --> 00:08:46,600
427
+ ุงู„ู€ Alpha-like ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Non-Alpha-like ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ููŠ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:46,600 --> 00:08:49,900
431
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ rate of synthesis
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:49,900 --> 00:08:56,460
435
+ ู„ู„ู€ Alpha matching the total synthesis of Beta,
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:02,860
439
+ Delta and GammaุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูุงู„ู€ Path of
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:02,860 --> 00:09:06,300
443
+ Syllogic ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:06,300 --> 00:09:11,420
447
+ Alpha Globin ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ accumulation of non-Alpha
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:11,420 --> 00:09:16,680
451
+ ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ accumulation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Developing
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:16,680 --> 00:09:20,980
455
+ erythropoid and once versa ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชูŠุช ุงู„ุฌูŠู†
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:20,980 --> 00:09:29,440
459
+ Beta ูŠุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ accumulation ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha ุจูŠุชุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:29,440 --> 00:09:32,860
463
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ non-alpha ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ mutated gene ุจูŠุชุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:32,860 --> 00:09:38,320
467
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุฏู‡ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ Alpha ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ pathophysiology
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:38,320 --> 00:09:41,280
471
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ normal ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู€ unpaired ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุงู„ู€ unpaired
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:41,280 --> 00:09:46,280
475
+ globin chains are unstable ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ it will
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:49,900
479
+ aggregate and precipitate within the cell ูˆุฅุฐุง ุญุตู„
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:49,900 --> 00:09:53,560
483
+ ููŠู‡ precipitation ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ deformable
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:53,560 --> 00:09:58,140
487
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ membrane damage ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุงู„ู€
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:58,140 --> 00:10:02,940
491
+ precipitate ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ aggregate ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cell membrane
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:02,940 --> 00:10:07,820
495
+ ุจุชุนุฌุจู‡ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ membrane damage and selective
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:07,820 --> 00:10:10,840
499
+ removal ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุจุชุญุฏุฏ ..
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:10,840 --> 00:10:16,740
503
+ ุจุชุจุตู‘ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ spleen ูุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู‡ูˆ ุดุงูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุจูˆู„ ุจุตูŠุฑ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:16,740 --> 00:10:22,600
507
+ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ selective removal ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ abnormal or
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:22,600 --> 00:10:32,060
511
+ damaged cell ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ Unpaired Alpha ูŠุนู†ูŠ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:32,060 --> 00:10:37,040
515
+ ุงู„ู€ Unpaired Alpha ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Beta ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุฉ Unpaired
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:42,200
519
+ Alpha ููŠ Alpha ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุงูŠุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:42,200 --> 00:10:48,060
523
+ Beta ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Unpaired Alpha ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:48,060 --> 00:10:52,420
527
+ ู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Unpaired Alpha is extremely insoluble
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:55,920
531
+ ูˆุจุชุณุจุจ severe damage to the developing
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:55,920 --> 00:11:01,620
535
+ erythropoiesis ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ unpaired Beta
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:01,620 --> 00:11:08,740
539
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ Alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒุงุฏ ู…ู† Beta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:08,740 --> 00:11:11,820
543
+ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Hemoglobin H ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ which
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:11,820 --> 00:11:16,640
547
+ is relatively stable ูŠุนู†ูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:22,680
551
+ ู„ุง ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฎุงุทุฑุงุช thus moderate
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:22,680 --> 00:11:27,480
555
+ impairment of Beta is associated with a greater
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:27,480 --> 00:11:32,820
559
+ degree of ineffective erythropoiesis ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:32,820 --> 00:11:39,100
563
+ hemolysis ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ beta ุฃูƒุชุฑ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:39,100 --> 00:11:46,040
567
+ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ alpha ุทูŠุจ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ุนู„ู‰
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:46,040 --> 00:11:51,900
571
+ ุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ูุฉ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุซุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€ Alpha
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:51,900 --> 00:11:57,280
575
+ -thalassemia ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู€ security ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:57,280 --> 00:12:02,760
579
+ virus deletion ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุบูŠุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ mutation
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:02,760 --> 00:12:08,660
583
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ูู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ู…
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:08,660 --> 00:12:12,460
587
+ ุฅู…ุง silent carriers ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุบูŠุงุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ Alpha
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:12,460 --> 00:12:18,400
591
+ -thalassemia 2 ุฃูˆ Hemoglobin Ash Disease ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:18,400 --> 00:12:23,310
595
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ุชู„ุช ุฌูŠู† or hemoglobin parts ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุบูŠุงุจุฉ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:23,310 --> 00:12:28,030
599
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌูŠู† ูˆู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏู‡ silent
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:28,030 --> 00:12:33,510
603
+ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู€ confidilation ู„ู€ one globin gene ูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:33,510 --> 00:12:37,370
607
+ that has no significant effect ู…ุง ุฃูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุฃูŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:37,370 --> 00:12:45,490
611
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ as adult ู„ูˆ ุงุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:45,490 --> 00:12:47,830
615
+ ููŠู‡ no hematological abnormality ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:47,830 --> 00:12:51,950
619
+ ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู…ุงุนุฏุง DNA Analysis ู„ู…ุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:51,950 --> 00:12:55,950
623
+ ุชูุญุต ุงู„ู€ DNA Analysis ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู€ umbilical
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:55,950 --> 00:13:02,790
627
+ cord of newborn ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ it may
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:02,790 --> 00:13:06,810
631
+ contain one percent of hemoglobin parts ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:06,810 --> 00:13:10,390
635
+ hemoglobin partsุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† gamma four ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:10,390 --> 00:13:14,320
639
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Alpha ู‡ู„ ุฌูŠุช Alpha ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:19,180
643
+ ุจุชุชูˆู„ุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง Gamma ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ุฌู„ุช
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:19,180 --> 00:13:24,220
647
+ Alpha ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ Gamma ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Gamma ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:24,220 --> 00:13:29,300
651
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ Alpha ูุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุชุฌู…ุน
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:29,300 --> 00:13:33,720
655
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู†ุง New Hemoglobin
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:33,720 --> 00:13:40,720
659
+ Ismohemoglobin parts ูˆูŠุจุฑู…ุฒูˆู„ู‡ Gamma 4 ูˆุชู†ุณูˆุด this
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:45,320
663
+ is abnormal hemoglobin ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฃู† normal
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:50,200
667
+ hemoglobin ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ two dissimilar globin
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:50,200 --> 00:13:55,660
671
+ chain ูˆ ู‡ู†ูุด dissimilarity ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:55,660 --> 00:14:02,280
675
+ globin chain are gamma such individual can only be
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:02,280 --> 00:14:05,560
679
+ defined with complete reliability of by DNA
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:05,560 --> 00:14:08,820
683
+ analysis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ DNA analysis ุนุดุงู† ุชู‚ูˆู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:08,820 --> 00:14:15,340
687
+ ุฃู†ู‡ and we have one alpha-globin gene ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:25,380
691
+ ู‡ูˆ alpha-thalassemia trait ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:25,380 --> 00:14:30,300
695
+ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ two alpha
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:30,300 --> 00:14:36,350
699
+ -globin gene are deleted ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ deletion ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุง
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:36,350 --> 00:14:38,650
703
+ ุฅู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฌุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:38,650 --> 00:14:46,390
707
+ heterozygous ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ alpha nude ู‡ูˆ heterozygous ุฃูˆ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:46,390 --> 00:14:51,570
711
+ alpha plus homozygous ุงู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:51,570 --> 00:14:55,430
715
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ genetic
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:55,430 --> 00:14:59,390
719
+ counseling ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู†ุนุฑู which is which ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:59,390 --> 00:15:02,650
723
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ family pedigree
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:02,650 --> 00:15:06,560
727
+ ูˆุชุนุทูŠู‡ genetic counseling ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ laboratory
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:06,560 --> 00:15:09,340
731
+ finding ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ affected individual
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:09,340 --> 00:15:12,740
735
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ microesthetic hypochromic anemia with no
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:12,740 --> 00:15:17,400
739
+ significant symptom ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุบู„ูˆุจ ุงุชุด formation
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:17,400 --> 00:15:23,320
743
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง can be demonstrated by sobra vital stain ููŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:23,320 --> 00:15:28,080
747
+ ุจุนุถ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูˆู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Embolica ุงู„ูƒูˆู†
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:28,080 --> 00:15:31,340
751
+ ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin parts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:31,340 --> 00:15:36,720
755
+ ุชุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† gamma 4 ุฒุงุฏุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:36,720 --> 00:15:43,540
759
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ hemoglobin H disease ูˆ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:43,540 --> 00:15:49,180
763
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุบูŠุงุจ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ alpha-globin gene Severity
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:49,180 --> 00:15:56,460
767
+ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin H Variability
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:56,460 --> 00:16:04,080
771
+ ูˆุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ moderate to severe anemia ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:06,720
775
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ HepatosplenomyุฌุฑูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:11,220
779
+ ููŠู‡ extra medullary hemopoiesis Hemoglobin ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:17,150
783
+ ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ู€
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:17,150 --> 00:16:21,230
787
+ Extra-medullae ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒู… Hemopoiesis and
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:21,230 --> 00:16:26,250
791
+ skeletal abnormality are uncommon ุจู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠุงุด ุงู„ู€
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:26,250 --> 00:16:30,190
795
+ skeletal ู„ุณู‡ abnormality ู…ุง ุงุชุฃุซุฑุช ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:30,190 --> 00:16:34,330
799
+ laboratory ู‡ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ blood film ู‡ู†ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ microcytic
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:34,330 --> 00:16:37,810
803
+ hypochromia hypochronic ูˆููŠู‡ fragmented RBCs,
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:37,850 --> 00:16:40,570
807
+ polykylocytosis, polychromedia ูˆููŠู‡ target cell
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:41,410 --> 00:16:45,150
811
+ Hemoglobin H including ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:45,150 --> 00:16:50,770
815
+ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจุงู„ูƒูŠุฑุณุฑ And these bodies ุจุชุนู…ู„ Hemolytic
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:50,770 --> 00:16:57,790
819
+ Anemia ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ Embolical cord
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:57,790 --> 00:17:01,990
823
+ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin parts ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ 40%
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:07,740
827
+ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุฅู† ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ defect ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ุงุดูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:07,740 --> 00:17:14,500
831
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู‡ one alpha gene ุซู… ุตุงุฑ ุนุดุฑุฉ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:14,500 --> 00:17:18,460
835
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† gene ูˆุฑุฌุนุช ููŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:18,460 --> 00:17:22,700
839
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ alpha-globin gene ูุตุงุฑุช ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:22,700 --> 00:17:25,420
843
+ hemoglobin parts ููŠ ุงู„ู€ umbilical cord ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:25,420 --> 00:17:29,160
847
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒู… ูุญุตู†ุง ุงู„ู€ adult hemoglobin ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:29,160 --> 00:17:33,930
851
+ hemoglobin H ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:33,930 --> 00:17:37,470
855
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ุงู†ุจู„ุงูŠูƒุงู„ ูƒูˆุฑุฏ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:37,470 --> 00:17:45,290
859
+ ุจุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุณู‡ ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ alpha
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:45,290 --> 00:17:52,930
863
+ ุฌุงู…ุน ู…ุงุดูŠ ูุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ุงุด ุนู„ู‰ ูุด ุงู„ู€ alpha ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุฌุงู…ุน ุจุฏู‡
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:52,930 --> 00:17:55,990
867
+ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูุจูŠุทู„ุน Hemoglobin burst ููŠ ุงู„ู€ beta
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:55,990 --> 00:18:00,720
871
+ -globin ุจุชูƒูˆู† already ุงุชุตู†ุนุช ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Beta ุจุฏู‡ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:00,720 --> 00:18:03,440
875
+ ุชุดุจูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Alpha ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงููŠุด Alpha ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ Beta
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:03,440 --> 00:18:08,900
879
+ 4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุบู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† H ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:08,900 --> 00:18:14,380
883
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hydrophytalase parts Hydrophytalase ูˆู‡ุฐุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:14,380 --> 00:18:18,840
887
+ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุบูŠุงุจ ุฃุฑุจุน Globin gene ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ complete
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:26,480
891
+ absence ู„ู€ Globin gene ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ูุดูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:33,120
895
+ ุงู„ู€ alpha ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:33,120 --> 00:18:41,120
899
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ูˆู„ุง normal hemoglobin ุจุชุตู†ุน ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:41,120 --> 00:18:48,860
903
+ ุจุนุฏ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ู€ zeta ู…ุงููŠุด ูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ Hemoglobin ู„ุฃู† ุฃูˆู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:48,860 --> 00:18:52,260
907
+ ุดูŠุก Zeta ูˆุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Gamma one ุงู†ุณูˆุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:52,260 --> 00:18:57,180
911
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุฏูˆุฑ Alpha
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:57,180 --> 00:19:02,080
915
+ Gamma ู…ุงููŠุด Alpha ููƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู„ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Gamma
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:02,080 --> 00:19:08,240
919
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Gamma ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูุดูˆ ุจูŠุชุตู†ุน ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† Hemoglobin
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:16,090
923
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ Gamma four ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ Beta ุน ุญุณุจ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:16,090 --> 00:19:20,750
927
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุน ุญุณุจ Gamma Beta ุจุชุดุจูƒ ู…ุน AlphaุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠุด
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:20,750 --> 00:19:27,230
931
+ AlphaุŒ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุฌู…ุน ู„ู€ Beta 4 Hemoglobin ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:27,230 --> 00:19:32,150
935
+ ูุฏูˆุฏ ุณุชุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ functional anemiaุŒ ุงู†ุช ุณูŠุจูŠู„ุŒ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:34,690
939
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:34,690 --> 00:19:40,030
943
+ functional Hemoglobin Severity of anemia ุจุชุณุจุจ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:40,030 --> 00:19:44,590
947
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Gross EdemaุŒ ุจู†ุชูุฎู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:44,590 --> 00:19:48,790
951
+ congestive heart failure ูˆููŠ massive hepato
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:48,790 --> 00:19:53,590
955
+ splenomegaly ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ hypoxia ูุดูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:53,590 --> 00:19:56,730
959
+ ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุจูˆุถู…ุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุจูˆุถู…ุงุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุบู„ุท ูุจุฏู‰ ูŠุถุทุฑ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:56,730 --> 00:20:02,290
963
+ ูŠู„ุฌุฃ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ extra medullary hemopoiesis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:02,290 --> 00:20:06,130
967
+ ุงู„ู€ liver ูˆ ุงู„ู€ spleen ูุจูŠูƒุจุฑูˆุง hepato splenomegaly
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:06,130 --> 00:20:10,990
971
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ pregnancy ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุตู„ู‡ termination
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:11,760 --> 00:20:15,360
975
+ ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ third trimester ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง still birth
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:15,360 --> 00:20:21,220
979
+ pregnancy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู…ูˆุช ููŠ ุจุทู† ุฃู…ู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:26,400
983
+ difficult delivery ุงู„ูุญุตู†ุงู‡ from laboratory point
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:26,400 --> 00:20:31,420
987
+ of view ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุงู„ุณู…ูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง microcytosis
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:31,420 --> 00:20:35,640
991
+ ูˆ hypochromasia ููŠู‡ุง porkyrocytosis ูˆููŠู‡ุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:40,510
995
+ fragmentation of cells ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู†
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:40,510 --> 00:20:43,750
999
+ ineffective electrophoresis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ููŠู‡
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:43,750 --> 00:20:47,670
1003
+ nucleated RBCs ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:47,670 --> 00:20:51,850
1007
+ precursor RBCs hemoglobin electrophoresis ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:51,850 --> 00:20:56,730
1011
+ ูŠุคูƒุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู„ุงู‚ูŠุด ุฃูŠุงุด
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:56,730 --> 00:21:03,450
1015
+ ูˆุฒุงุฑ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ electrophoresis ูŠุจุฌู‰ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃู„ูุฉ ูŠุจุฌู‰
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:03,450 --> 00:21:05,770
1019
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† abnormal
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:07,310 --> 00:21:10,610
1023
+ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:10,610 --> 00:21:14,870
1027
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุชุง mutated beta
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:14,870 --> 00:21:21,510
1031
+ -globin-A ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:21,510 --> 00:21:27,910
1035
+ point of mutation ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุฎู„ู„
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:27,910 --> 00:21:33,450
1039
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ globin ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ู„ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:33,450 --> 00:21:37,590
1043
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง minor or trait ุฃูˆ Beta Thalassemia Major ูˆ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:37,590 --> 00:21:41,310
1047
+ Beta Thalassemia Intermediate ุงู„ู€ Minor ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:41,310 --> 00:21:44,990
1051
+ mildest form ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุดูŠูˆุนุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:44,990 --> 00:21:50,510
1055
+ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ area Mediterranean ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:50,510 --> 00:21:54,210
1059
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ single abnormal globin
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:54,210 --> 00:22:01,390
1063
+ gene ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† beta globin
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:01,390 --> 00:22:03,690
1067
+ gene mutated
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:05,650 --> 00:22:10,550
1071
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:10,550 --> 00:22:17,610
1075
+ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุง ูŠุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:17,610 --> 00:22:23,210
1079
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ูˆูŠุนูŠุด ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:23,210 --> 00:22:28,590
1083
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุชุจุนู†ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:28,590 --> 00:22:33,470
1087
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูุญุตู‡ู… ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฌ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:33,470 --> 00:22:38,250
1091
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ thalassemia minor ุฃูˆ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:38,250 --> 00:22:41,370
1095
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:41,370 --> 00:22:45,730
1099
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฑู ุจุงู„ุตุฏูุฉ ุงู„ู€ Laboratory finding ุนู†ุฏู‡
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:45,730 --> 00:22:50,870
1103
+ microcytic hypochronic anemia ูˆููŠ target cell ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:50,870 --> 00:22:53,630
1107
+ target cell ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ prominent feature in the
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:53,630 --> 00:22:58,070
1111
+ peripheral blood smear ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชุดุจู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:58,070 --> 00:23:01,410
1115
+ ุงู„ู€ iron deficiency anemia ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ target
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:01,410 --> 00:23:07,330
1119
+ cell ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ target cell Red cell count ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:07,330 --> 00:23:15,010
1123
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ูˆุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู„ูŠุด as a compensatory for the
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:15,010 --> 00:23:19,790
1127
+ generated anemia ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:19,790 --> 00:23:25,950
1131
+ ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠู†ุงุช defected ูุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ Beta ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒุงุฏุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:25,950 --> 00:23:28,510
1135
+ ุชูŠุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ู†ููƒุฑ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุณุฒ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:28,510 --> 00:23:34,870
1139
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนูˆุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:34,870 --> 00:23:40,590
1143
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ normal RBCs ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุตู†ุน ุฃู†ู‡
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:40,590 --> 00:23:44,910
1147
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ Hypoxia ูุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตู†ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:44,910 --> 00:23:49,450
1151
+ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูˆู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู„ู‚ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:49,450 --> 00:23:52,770
1155
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุฏูŠ typical feature ุจุฑุถู‡
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:52,770 --> 00:23:56,510
1159
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:56,510 --> 00:24:02,990
1163
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:02,990 --> 00:24:05,210
1167
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:05,210 --> 00:24:05,250
1171
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:05,250 --> 00:24:08,690
1175
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:18,260 --> 00:24:22,040
1179
+ hyperplasia ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุฑูŠุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุฅูŠุฑูŠุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:27,900
1183
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ RBCs hyper ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ plasia ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ุจูˆู…ุฑ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:27,900 --> 00:24:31,140
1187
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:31,140 --> 00:24:36,140
1191
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก and mild ineffective erythropoiesis ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:36,140 --> 00:24:38,860
1195
+ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ineffective erythropoiesis ู„ุฃู†
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:38,860 --> 00:24:44,980
1199
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุฎุทุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‚ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:44,980 --> 00:24:50,330
1203
+ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ูˆุช the iron storage is slightly
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:24:50,330 --> 00:24:56,390
1207
+ increased ุทุจุนุง ููŠ hemolysis ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุฅูŠุด
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:24:56,390 --> 00:25:01,750
1211
+ ููŠ iron ุจูŠุฌูŠู‡ุง ูุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ iron ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ precipitated
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:01,750 --> 00:25:08,910
1215
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุงู„ู€ electrophoresis ู„ู† ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุฃู† ููŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:08,910 --> 00:25:13,850
1219
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฒูŠุฏ Alpha ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:13,850 --> 00:25:19,480
1223
+ ุฃุฒุงุก compensatory mechanism ุงู„ู€ other type ofู„ูˆุจู†
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:19,480 --> 00:25:25,760
1227
+ ุจูŠุฏูˆ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ Beta ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูˆ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:25,760 --> 00:25:29,920
1231
+ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ Beta ูู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู€ Gamma ุจูŠุฏูˆ ูŠุฏูŠู†ูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:34,100
1235
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin F ูˆู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู€ Delta ุจูŠุฏูˆ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:34,100 --> 00:25:39,500
1239
+ ูŠุดูŠุฑ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin A2 ุฃูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ F 2 ู„ 6
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:39,500 --> 00:25:45,030
1243
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ A2 3 ู„ 7 ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:45,030 --> 00:25:53,870
1247
+ Beta ููŠ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin A ูุจู†ุฒู„ ู†ุณุจุชู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:53,870 --> 00:25:58,750
1251
+ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ heterozygous form of Beta-thalassemia ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:58,750 --> 00:26:02,050
1255
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง normal ู…ุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ target cell ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ target
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:02,050 --> 00:26:06,310
1259
+ cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ู‡ูŠ target
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:06,310 --> 00:26:07,950
1263
+ cell ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูˆุฌู„ูŠุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:11,700 --> 00:26:23,680
1267
+ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:24,460
1271
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:24,460 --> 00:26:26,820
1275
+ ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:26,820 --> 00:26:26,980
1279
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:26,980 --> 00:26:29,340
1283
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:29,340 --> 00:26:34,500
1287
+ ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:34,500 --> 00:26:40,120
1291
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ุบูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ mutated
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:40,120 --> 00:26:48,320
1295
+ ุฌูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุบูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:50,560
1299
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:50,560 --> 00:26:51,560
1303
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:51,580
1307
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:51,580 --> 00:26:51,600
1311
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:52,260
1315
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:26:52,260 --> 00:27:05,360
1319
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:05,360 --> 00:27:10,400
1323
+ ู…ุถู‡ูˆ Retarded Growth ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูŠุด Retarded
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:10,400 --> 00:27:14,880
1327
+ GrowthุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ู€ bone ุจูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ bone marrow
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:14,880 --> 00:27:18,660
1331
+ ู…ุชุฃุซุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:18,660 --> 00:27:25,620
1335
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ thinning ู„ู„ู€ bone ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:25,620 --> 00:27:30,860
1339
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุชุดูƒู„ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ facial
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:30,860 --> 00:27:35,940
1343
+ mongoloid appearance ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฒู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:35,940 --> 00:27:42,880
1347
+ ู…ุงูŠุนูŠุดูˆุด ุฅู„ุง ุณู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุตุงุฑูˆุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:42,880 --> 00:27:46,940
1351
+ ูŠุนูŠุดูˆุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู€ laboratory finding ุงู„ู€ peripheral
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:46,940 --> 00:27:52,420
1355
+ blood ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง CBC ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:52,420 --> 00:27:57,360
1359
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:27:57,360 --> 00:28:01,440
1363
+ ุงู„ู€ transfusion ุฏูŠ ุจูŠู† ุฏู… ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ูˆ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:04,680
1367
+ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง blood film ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ microcytic
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:11,990
1371
+ hypochromic ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด globin synthesis ููŠ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:11,990 --> 00:28:16,030
1375
+ ู†ูŠุฒูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุฑูˆุณูŠุฒ ูˆ ุจูˆูŠูƒูˆู„ูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุฑูˆุณูŠุฒ ุจุดุฏุฉ ููŠ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:16,030 --> 00:28:23,310
1379
+ polychromatophilia ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชู„ูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุบู…ู‚ ..
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:23,310 --> 00:28:29,570
1383
+ ุบุงู…ู‚ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุทุจุนุง ุบุงู…ู‚ุฉ ู„ุณุจุจูŠู† ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:29,570 --> 00:28:33,590
1387
+ iron ุจุชุฑุณุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ iron ุบุงู…ู‚ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ููŠ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:33,590 --> 00:28:34,630
1391
+ ุงู„ู€ ุจุฑู…ุฑ ูˆ ุชุทู„ุน ุฃุทูˆู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:39,450 --> 00:28:46,510
1395
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู„ูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ Numerous target cells ูˆููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:46,510 --> 00:28:50,610
1399
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ูŠ ุจูˆุฏูŠ and siderocyte are common ุงู„ู€ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:50,610 --> 00:28:53,710
1403
+ ุจูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ DNA remnant ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ููŠู‡ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:53,710 --> 00:28:59,470
1407
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ DNA ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ siderocyte
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:59,470 --> 00:29:05,160
1411
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ู‡ุฌุฉ ุนู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุฑุณุจุงุช ู„ู„ู€ iron ููŠ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:05,160 --> 00:29:10,720
1415
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ nucleated RBCs ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู„
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:10,720 --> 00:29:15,020
1419
+ 200 ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ูƒู„ 100 white blood cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:15,020 --> 00:29:19,000
1423
+ ูƒู„ differential ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 100 white blood cell ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:23,140
1427
+ 100 white blood cell ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุจู†ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:23,140 --> 00:29:26,980
1431
+ 200 ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 200 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ nucleated RBCs ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:26,980 --> 00:29:28,980
1435
+ nucleated RBCs ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:34,090 --> 00:29:39,110
1439
+ Immature RBCs or RBCs Precursors ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:43,290
1443
+ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral BloodุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุงุณุฉ ู„ู„ู€ RBCs
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:43,290 --> 00:29:46,770
1447
+ ูุชู†ุฒู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blood
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:46,770 --> 00:29:50,750
1451
+ Increased reticulocyte ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:50,750 --> 00:29:54,410
1455
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ู„ุฃู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:54,410 --> 00:29:58,210
1459
+ blood cell slightly increased ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุจู†ุดูˆู immature
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:58,210 --> 00:30:02,510
1463
+ granulocyte ุงู„ู€ platelet slightly increased
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:02,510 --> 00:30:07,390
1467
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ erythroid
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:07,390 --> 00:30:15,070
1471
+ hyperplasia ูˆุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:15,070 --> 00:30:18,530
1475
+ ุงู„ู€ hemolysis ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู€ precipitation of iron in
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:18,530 --> 00:30:21,710
1479
+ the spleen and liver ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ุงู„ู€ iron ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:21,710 --> 00:30:27,970
1483
+ spleen ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ูˆ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:27,970 --> 00:30:31,690
1487
+ iron ูˆ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู€ free iron ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฑุณู‘ุจ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:31,690 --> 00:30:35,950
1491
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฑู‚ู… 2 ุงู„ู€ free iron ุจูŠูƒูˆู† free
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:35,950 --> 00:30:43,730
1495
+ radical compound ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุชุฎุฑุจ infected
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:43,730 --> 00:30:48,610
1499
+ organ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ biochemical test ุงู„ู€ haptoglobin is
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:48,610 --> 00:30:51,910
1503
+ decreased ูˆ ุงู„ู€ haptoglobin ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† hemoglobin
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:30:52,330 --> 00:30:58,210
1507
+ carrier Hemoglobin ุจูŠุญู…ู„ Hemoglobin ูˆููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:30:58,210 --> 00:31:04,070
1511
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ู†ุง ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:04,070 --> 00:31:07,170
1515
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ู…ู„ู‚ุท ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin three
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:07,170 --> 00:31:12,090
1519
+ Hemoglobin ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ูุญุต ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู„ุงุฌู‡ูˆุด ูุจูŠู‚ู„
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:17,840
1523
+ ุงู„ู€ bilirubin is increased ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:17,840 --> 00:31:23,880
1527
+ ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ bilirubin ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู†
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:23,880 --> 00:31:30,800
1531
+ Hemoglobin Degradation ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:30,800 --> 00:31:36,800
1535
+ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:36,800 --> 00:31:40,140
1539
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Beta
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:43,830 --> 00:31:51,510
1543
+ globin defect ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ Beta ุบุงูŠุจุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:31:51,510 --> 00:31:56,270
1547
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุถู„ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ Beta ุจุชุญู„ ู…ุญู„ู‡ุง Gamma ูู…ุงุฒุงู„ Beta
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:31:56,270 --> 00:32:02,910
1551
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู†ุนุชุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Gamma ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุถู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู…
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:02,910 --> 00:32:05,250
1555
+ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Alpha Gamma
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:05,250 --> 00:32:09,760
1559
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ homozygous form ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ู‡ูˆ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:09,760 --> 00:32:11,980
1563
+ ุจุฑู‡ู† Alpha Gamma ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Alpha Gamma ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู‡ู†
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:11,980 --> 00:32:15,580
1567
+ Hemoglobin F ู‡ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Homozygous Form of Beta
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:15,580 --> 00:32:20,020
1571
+ Thalassemia ู…ุงุชุฉ Beta ู†ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุฉ Hemoglobin F
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:32:20,020 --> 00:32:24,480
1575
+ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู€ 98% ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ Double Heterozygous
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:32:24,480 --> 00:32:27,780
1579
+ Beta Thalassemia Beta Plus Thalassemia ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู†ุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:32:27,780 --> 00:32:32,180
1583
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ Beta ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin F ุจุฏูˆ ูŠู‚ู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:32:32,180 --> 00:32:38,160
1587
+ ู„ุฃู† Beta ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู† ุญุตู‘ุฉ Gamma ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:32:38,160 --> 00:32:43,700
1591
+ F ุจูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ 40% ุฅู„ู‰ 60% ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin A2 ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:32:43,700 --> 00:32:48,480
1595
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุจู†ุณุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:32:48,480 --> 00:32:52,140
1599
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Delta ูˆGamma ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:32:52,140 --> 00:32:59,810
1603
+ ูƒู…ุจู†ุณุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ Beta ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููŠู„ู…
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:32:59,810 --> 00:33:03,410
1607
+ ู„ู‡ุง Beta-thalassemia major ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู€ target cell
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:33:03,410 --> 00:33:07,010
1611
+ ู†ูŠูˆู…ูŠู„ูˆุณ target cell ู‡ุฏูู‡ ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ fragmented
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:33:07,010 --> 00:33:12,650
1615
+ RBCs ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููŠู„ู… ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ dirty blood film ุฏูŠุฑุชูŠ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:33:12,650 --> 00:33:17,630
1619
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฎู„ูุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ RBCs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:33:17,630 --> 00:33:22,850
1623
+ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ู…ุด ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ููŠู‡ ุจูˆูŠูƒูŠู„ูˆุณูŠุชูˆุณุฒ ูˆุงู†ูŠุฒูˆุณูŠุชูˆุณุฒ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:33:22,850 --> 00:33:26,710
1627
+ ูˆุงุถุญูˆ target cell ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆููŠ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:33:26,710 --> 00:33:30,050
1631
+ fragmented cell ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฏูŠุฑุชูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:33:30,050 --> 00:33:33,330
1635
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:33:33,330 --> 00:33:36,230
1639
+ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ู€ bone ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ bone
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:33:36,230 --> 00:33:43,290
1643
+ marrow ุฒุงุฏ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€ bone ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุซุฎูŠู† ุงู„ู€ bone
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:33:43,290 --> 00:33:50,500
1647
+ ูุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ bone ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:33:50,500 --> 00:33:55,220
1651
+ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ู…ู„ูˆู ู„ู„ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฒุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู„ูˆู
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:33:55,220 --> 00:34:03,120
1655
+ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุช ูƒู…ุงู† ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง hairpin
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:34:03,120 --> 00:34:09,570
1659
+ shape ู‡ุฐุง ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจูˆุฑุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนุธู… ู…ุงุดูŠ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:34:09,570 --> 00:34:18,750
1663
+ ูˆูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ู†ุทูˆุฆุงุช ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุดุนุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:34:18,750 --> 00:34:22,370
1667
+ treatment
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:34:22,370 --> 00:34:25,270
1671
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† transfusion independent
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:34:25,270 --> 00:34:30,190
1675
+ patient ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฏู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุงุฎุฐ ุฏู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:34:30,190 --> 00:34:33,650
1679
+ ุตุงุฑูˆุง ูŠุฏูˆุง iron chelation ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู‡
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:34:33,650 --> 00:34:39,160
1683
+ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ููŠ hemolysis ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ iron ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:34:39,160 --> 00:34:44,800
1687
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ hemolytic RBCs ูู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:49,020
1691
+ ูŠุชุฑุณุจุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง infraction
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:34:49,020 --> 00:34:53,560
1695
+ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุทูŠู†ู‡ chelation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:34:53,560 --> 00:34:59,740
1699
+ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ iron chelating agent ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:34:59,740 --> 00:35:05,180
1703
+ ุจุงู„ู€ iron ูˆ ุจุทู„ุน ู†ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ urine ูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ cellular
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:35:05,180 --> 00:35:10,050
1707
+ system ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู†ุงุฌุญ ูˆุงู„ุดุงููŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Stem Cell
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:35:10,050 --> 00:35:15,350
1711
+ Transplantation Beta Thalassemia Intermediate ู†ุญูƒูŠ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:35:15,350 --> 00:35:19,970
1715
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุณุงุทูŠุฉ usually arise from one of three
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:35:19,970 --> 00:35:24,670
1719
+ circumstances ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:35:24,670 --> 00:35:29,270
1723
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ inheritance ู„ู„ู€ beta gene
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:35:29,270 --> 00:35:34,110
1727
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† mild ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ mutation of beta gene is mild
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:35:34,110 --> 00:35:40,550
1731
+ ู†ู…ุฑุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† Inheritance of another gene ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฒูˆุฏู„ู†ุง
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:35:40,550 --> 00:35:44,090
1735
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุง ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุง ุจุชุญู„ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ู€ beta
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:35:44,090 --> 00:35:52,070
1739
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ash ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู€ est ู„ุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:35:52,070 --> 00:35:57,490
1743
+ severity of disease ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ูˆ Co-inheritance
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:35:57,490 --> 00:36:03,720
1747
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุทูุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha-Gene ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:36:03,720 --> 00:36:06,600
1751
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Beta-thalassemia ูˆ Alpha-thalassemia
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:13,100
1755
+ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ balance ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:36:13,100 --> 00:36:21,600
1759
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ symptoms of disease ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:36:21,600 --> 00:36:24,680
1763
+ ุซู„ุงุณูŠู…ูŠุง intermediate ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู†ู‡
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:36:24,680 --> 00:36:28,660
1767
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ he is not transfusion
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:36:28,660 --> 00:36:34,120
1771
+ dependent ู…ุง ู„ู… ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ุฅู„ู‰ challenge ุงู„ู€ clinical
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:36:34,120 --> 00:36:39,380
1775
+ feature ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ condition is a mirror loss of severe
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:36:39,380 --> 00:36:46,480
1779
+ phenotype ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cause of morbidity ู†ุฑุฌุน ุนู† ุงู„ู€ iron
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:36:46,480 --> 00:36:51,900
1783
+ overload ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ iron overload ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุชูŠู†
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:36:52,090 --> 00:36:55,370
1787
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ hemolysis ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:36:55,370 --> 00:36:58,470
1791
+ ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ gastrointestinal
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:36:58,470 --> 00:37:02,630
1795
+ absorption of dietary iron in anemic patient
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:37:02,630 --> 00:37:08,210
1799
+ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:37:08,210 --> 00:37:14,390
1803
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ iron metabolic disorders iron metabolic
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:37:14,390 --> 00:37:16,110
1807
+ disorders
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:37:25,930 --> 00:37:35,590
1811
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ bomber is massively imposed by the
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:37:35,590 --> 00:37:41,350
1815
+ thyroid hyperplasia ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:37:41,350 --> 00:37:46,190
1819
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ iron ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ iron
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:37:46,190 --> 00:37:48,730
1823
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุฒูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ iron ููŠ the reticulum of the
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:37:48,730 --> 00:37:54,080
1827
+ thyroid system ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:37:54,080 --> 00:37:58,980
1831
+ reticuloendothelial system ููŠ ุชุฒูˆูŠุฏู†ุง ุจุงู„ู€ Iron
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:37:58,980 --> 00:38:03,340
1835
+ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง functional anemia ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:38:03,340 --> 00:38:08,700
1839
+ ุงู„ู€ Iron ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠ ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุชุฒูˆูŠุฏ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:38:08,700 --> 00:38:15,760
1843
+ ุฌูŠุฏ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Iron ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:38:15,760 --> 00:38:23,850
1847
+ functional anemia ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจูŠุงุฌุฑุงู… ุจูŠูˆุถุญ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:38:23,850 --> 00:38:29,550
1851
+ ู„ูŠ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุซู„ุงุณูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:38:29,550 --> 00:38:37,590
1855
+ Hemoglobinopathies ูˆ Iron deficiency anemia ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:38:37,590 --> 00:38:44,610
1859
+ ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ cbc ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ mcv ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ mcv
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:38:44,610 --> 00:38:48,590
1863
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ normal ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:38:48,590 --> 00:38:56,290
1867
+ microcytic ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆููŠ hypochromic ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ mch ุจุชุทู„ุน
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:38:56,290 --> 00:39:00,370
1871
+ hypochromia ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ iron stores ู†ุนู…ู„ study ู„
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:39:00,370 --> 00:39:02,630
1875
+ iron stores ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:39:08,640 --> 00:39:12,460
1879
+ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑูŠุชูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูŠุชูŠู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:39:12,460 --> 00:39:17,100
1883
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ููŠุฑูŠุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ iron ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:39:17,100 --> 00:39:19,520
1887
+ ุงูƒุชุฑูˆููˆุฑูŠุณูŠุณ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู€ ุซู„ุงุณูŠู…ูŠุง ุณูˆุฑูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:39:19,520 --> 00:39:23,200
1891
+ ุงูƒุชุฑูˆููˆุฑูŠุณูŠุณ ูˆ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูŠุชูŠู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:29,500
1895
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุจู†ุถููŠ iron ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ CBC ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุงุชุตู„ุญ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:39:29,500 --> 00:39:34,350
1899
+ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠู‡ุง ู…ุง ุงุชุตู„ุญุด ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:39:34,350 --> 00:39:39,610
1903
+ hemoglobinopathy or ุซู„ุงุณูŠู…ูŠุง ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:39:39,610 --> 00:39:43,790
1907
+ ู‡ูˆ ูุจ ุงู„ู€ FEP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ free erythroid protoporphine
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:39:43,790 --> 00:39:48,350
1911
+ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู€ protoporphine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:39:48,350 --> 00:39:56,770
1915
+ heme cyanophysis ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:39:56,770 --> 00:40:00,470
1919
+ iron deficiency ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ iron
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:40:05,080 --> 00:40:15,160
1923
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุซู„ุงุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู†ุดูƒุฑ ู„ูƒู… ุงุณุชู…ุงุนูƒู… ูˆุญูŠุงูƒู…
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:40:15,160 --> 00:40:15,480
1927
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/YBPHvuu3nhw_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1932 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,300 --> 00:00:04,360
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ุง ุงุณุชุนูŠู† ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:06,020
7
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:06,020 --> 00:00:06,520
11
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:06,520 --> 00:00:09,340
15
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:09,340 --> 00:00:12,540
19
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:12,540 --> 00:00:13,320
23
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:13,980
27
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:13,980 --> 00:00:22,740
31
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:22,740 --> 00:00:25,390
35
+ ู†ุชูˆุงุฌูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† heterogeneous group and
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:25,390 --> 00:00:28,290
39
+ inherited disorders ูˆุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† genetic disease
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:28,290 --> 00:00:35,650
43
+ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุบูŠุงุจ ุงูˆ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:35,650 --> 00:00:39,710
47
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ development chain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:39,710 --> 00:00:46,680
51
+ duringthe ontogeny of global chain synthesis ุจุชู…ุฑ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:50,620
55
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:00:50,620 --> 00:00:57,180
59
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุณุชุฉ different global chain ุญุณุจ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:00:57,180 --> 00:01:03,160
63
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ embryonic or
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:09,740
67
+ neonatal or adult ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:10,990 --> 00:01:16,110
71
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงูˆ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ global ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:16,110 --> 00:01:19,710
75
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ balance ู…ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:19,710 --> 00:01:24,610
79
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ alpha ูˆ ุงู„ non alpha ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู†
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:24,610 --> 00:01:30,210
83
+ ุงู„ balance ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ imbalance ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:30,210 --> 00:01:36,150
87
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ineffective erythropoiesis ูˆ ุจู‚ู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:36,150 --> 00:01:42,330
91
+ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู„ู„
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:42,330 --> 00:01:48,730
95
+ hemoglobinopathies ุงู„ hemoglobinopathy ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:48,730 --> 00:01:54,030
99
+ ุงู„ globin chain is abnormal ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:54,030 --> 00:01:58,270
103
+ globin chain is normal ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ rate of production
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:58,270 --> 00:02:02,230
107
+ is reduced incidence ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:02,230 --> 00:02:07,290
111
+ incidence ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุฏูˆุชed line ุงู„ู…ู†ู‚ุท
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:07,290 --> 00:02:11,380
115
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ู†ู‚ุทู„ูˆุฑู…ุง ุงูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:11,380 --> 00:02:16,500
119
+ ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ูŠุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:16,500 --> 00:02:19,860
123
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Mediterranean
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:19,860 --> 00:02:27,260
127
+ area ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชู†ุฒู„
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:27,260 --> 00:02:35,220
131
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุบุฑุจ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:35,220 --> 00:02:39,080
135
+ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ incidence of thalassemia ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:39,080 --> 00:02:42,020
139
+ thalassemia ุฃุตู„ุง ูˆู„ุฏุช ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:42,020 --> 00:02:46,100
143
+ malaria endemic ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ positive selection
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:46,100 --> 00:02:54,540
147
+ ู„ุฌูŠู† ุญู…ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ malaria ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุชุฌ ู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:54,540 --> 00:03:00,150
151
+ ุฃู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ thalassemiaุงู„ู€ Distribution ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:00,150 --> 00:03:04,170
155
+ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ Beta Thalassemia is
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:04,170 --> 00:03:07,910
159
+ mostly common ููŠ Mediterranean Area ู…ุฏูŠู†ุชู†ุง ููŠ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:07,910 --> 00:03:12,110
163
+ AfricaุŒ IndiaุŒ Southeast Asia ูˆIndonesia ูˆ ุงู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:12,110 --> 00:03:16,890
167
+ incidence of mutation ููŠ Beta Thalassemia ุจูŠุตู„ ู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:16,890 --> 00:03:23,600
171
+ 10% ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุฒูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:27,780
175
+ Disorder is rare ููŠ ุงู„ Northern ูˆ Western Europe ูˆ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:27,780 --> 00:03:32,380
179
+ ุงู„ Native American ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:32,380 --> 00:03:35,240
183
+ clinically mild Alpha Thalassinia ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:39,540
187
+ Alpha Plus ูˆ Alpha Node ุงู„ Alpha Plus ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ูŠุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:39,540 --> 00:03:43,100
191
+ mostly common ููŠ ุงู„ American Black ูˆ Indonesia ูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:43,100 --> 00:03:46,420
195
+ Southeast Asia ูˆ Middle East India Mediterranean
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:58,190 --> 00:04:02,790
199
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:02,790 --> 00:04:07,950
203
+ homozygous form ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ clinically
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:07,950 --> 00:04:10,990
207
+ severe alpha thalassemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ alpha node
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:10,990 --> 00:04:18,880
211
+ ุจุชุณูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ูู„ุจูŠู† south east asia south chinaูˆู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:18,880 --> 00:04:22,140
215
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุชุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ population incidence ุฃูˆ ุงู„ nation
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:22,140 --> 00:04:27,620
219
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน 25% ู…ู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:27,620 --> 00:04:32,400
223
+ ุชุงูŠู„ุงู†ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Alpha ู†ูˆู† ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:32,400 --> 00:04:37,380
227
+ Classification ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:37,380 --> 00:04:42,140
231
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุนุงู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุซุฑ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:42,140 --> 00:04:47,180
235
+ Alpha ุฃูˆ Geeta ุฃูˆ Combined Delta ุฃูˆ Gamma Delta
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:47,180 --> 00:04:54,100
239
+ whateverุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:54,100 --> 00:05:02,600
243
+ ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ reduction complete or reduced ูŠุนู†ูŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:06,760
247
+ partial or absolute ูŠูˆู… ูƒุงู† partial ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง beta
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:06,760 --> 00:05:13,940
251
+ plus ูˆูŠูˆู… ูƒุงู† absolute ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ beta node ุซู…
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:13,940 --> 00:05:19,050
255
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ otherุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:19,050 --> 00:05:24,450
259
+ ู„ู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุชูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูŠุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:24,450 --> 00:05:27,370
263
+ ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:27,370 --> 00:05:27,430
267
+ ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:27,430 --> 00:05:32,090
271
+ ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:32,090 --> 00:05:34,110
275
+ ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:34,110 --> 00:05:36,390
279
+ ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:36,390 --> 00:05:39,130
283
+ ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฌุงุช
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:39,130 --> 00:05:44,940
287
+ ูˆุฑู‡ูŠุชูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ุฑู‚ู… 16 ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฏูŠู†ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:44,940 --> 00:05:51,480
291
+ ุฎู…ุณ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ normal ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุนุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:51,480 --> 00:05:55,520
295
+ normal ููŠ ุงู„ normal ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุฌูŠู† ู„ุฅู† two gene
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:55,520 --> 00:06:01,840
299
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ูƒุฑู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 16 ูˆุนู†ุง maternal ูˆ paternal ูƒุฑู…ูˆุฒูˆู…
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:01,840 --> 00:06:07,060
303
+ 16 ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุง ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุฏ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:07,060 --> 00:06:11,540
307
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุบูŠุจ ุฌูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนู‡ุฐู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:11,540 --> 00:06:17,920
311
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู…ุง ุบูŠุงุจ ุฌูŠู† ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ Alpha ูˆุจู…ุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:17,920 --> 00:06:23,720
315
+ ุงู†ู‡ partial plus ูˆุจู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:23,720 --> 00:06:28,240
319
+ heterozygous ุงูŠู‡ุง Alpha ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุฌูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:33,040
323
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู…ุง ุงู„ paternal ุงูˆ ุงู„ maternal ุฌูŠู†
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:33,040 --> 00:06:40,040
327
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ partial ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ partial ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Alpha
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:43,690
331
+ plusูˆู…ุง ุฏุงู… ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฌุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠู‡
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:43,690 --> 00:06:51,490
335
+ ุชูŠุฑูˆุฒุงูŠุฑูˆุณ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ุทู„ุน
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:51,490 --> 00:06:55,010
339
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดุฌุฉ partial ูˆู„ุง complete ูˆู„ุง absolute
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:55,010 --> 00:06:59,290
343
+ partial ูŠุจู‚ู‰ alpha plus ุทุจ ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุดุฌุชูŠู† ููŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:59,290 --> 00:07:04,110
347
+ ุดุฌุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ homozygous ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู†
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:04,110 --> 00:07:07,670
351
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุบุงูŠุจูŠู† ุจุณ ู…ู† ุดุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‡ูˆ alpha node
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:07,670 --> 00:07:12,770
355
+ ููŠ ุดุฌุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณู„ูŠู… ูู‡ูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:12,770 --> 00:07:18,430
359
+ heterozygous ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง parts
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:18,430 --> 00:07:23,290
363
+ hemoglobin parts or hydrocephalus ูˆูŠุบูŠุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:23,290 --> 00:07:28,210
367
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ alpha node alpha plus double
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:28,210 --> 00:07:32,850
371
+ heterozygous ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฃู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ beta
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:32,850 --> 00:07:36,450
375
+ -thalassemia ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุบุงู„ุจุง beta ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:36,450 --> 00:07:39,370
379
+ ุนู† post mutation ู…ุด ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† growth dilation
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:39,910 --> 00:07:44,790
383
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† defected ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:44,790 --> 00:07:49,830
387
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฌูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 11 ูŠุฌุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two gene
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:49,830 --> 00:07:53,850
391
+ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ beta-thalassemia ู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุจ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:53,850 --> 00:07:59,050
395
+ ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู… ูุงู„ normal ู‡ูˆ beta beta ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:59,050 --> 00:08:04,320
399
+ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆุฃุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูˆู…ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู…ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:09,060
403
+ plus beta plus beta ุฃูˆ beta plus heterozygous ู„ุฃู†ู‡
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:09,060 --> 00:08:13,980
407
+ ุชู‚ู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฃูˆ beta plus homozygous ุฃูˆ beta node
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:13,980 --> 00:08:20,320
411
+ heterozygous ูˆ beta node homozygous ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ path of
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:20,320 --> 00:08:26,540
415
+ the cell ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ุฉุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:26,540 --> 00:08:33,280
419
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู†imbalance ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:33,280 --> 00:08:41,200
423
+ ุงู„ู€Alpha-like ูˆุงู„ู€Non-Alpha-like ู…ุงููŠ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:41,200 --> 00:08:46,600
427
+ ุงู„ู€Alpha-like ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€Non-Alpha-like ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ููŠ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:46,600 --> 00:08:49,900
431
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ rate of synthesis
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:49,900 --> 00:08:56,460
435
+ ู„ู„ู€Alpha matching the total synthesis of Beta,
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:02,860
439
+ Delta and GammaุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูุงู„ู€ Path of
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:02,860 --> 00:09:06,300
443
+ Syllogic ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:06,300 --> 00:09:11,420
447
+ Alpha Globin ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ accumulation of non-Alpha
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:11,420 --> 00:09:16,680
451
+ ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ accumulation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Developing
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:16,680 --> 00:09:20,980
455
+ erythropoid and once versa ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชูŠุช ุงู„ุฌูŠู†
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:20,980 --> 00:09:29,440
459
+ Beta ูŠุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ accumulation ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ AlphaุจูŠุชุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:29,440 --> 00:09:32,860
463
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ non-alpha ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ mutated gene ุจูŠุชุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:32,860 --> 00:09:38,320
467
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ alpha ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ pathophysiology
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:38,320 --> 00:09:41,280
471
+ ููŠ ุงู„ normal ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ unpaired ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ุงู„ unpaired
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:41,280 --> 00:09:46,280
475
+ globin chain are unstable ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ it will
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:49,900
479
+ aggregate and precipitate within the cell ูˆุฅุฐุง ุญุตู„
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:49,900 --> 00:09:53,560
483
+ ููŠู‡ precipitation ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ deformable
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:53,560 --> 00:09:58,140
487
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉูˆุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ membrane damage ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู‚ุนุฏ ุงู„
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:58,140 --> 00:10:02,940
491
+ precipitate ุฃูˆ ุงู„ aggregate ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cell membrane
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:02,940 --> 00:10:07,820
495
+ ุจุชุนุฌุจู‡ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ membrane damage and selective
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:07,820 --> 00:10:10,840
499
+ removal ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุจุชุญุฏุฏ ..
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:10,840 --> 00:10:16,740
503
+ ุจุชุจุตุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ spleen ูุจุฑูˆุญ ู‡ูˆ ุดุงูŠู„ู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุจูˆู„ ุจุตูŠุฑ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:16,740 --> 00:10:22,600
507
+ ุงูŠุด ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ selective removal ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ abnormal or
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:22,600 --> 00:10:32,060
511
+ damaged cellุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ Unpaired Alpha ูŠุนู†ูŠ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:32,060 --> 00:10:37,040
515
+ ุงู„ู€ Unpaired Alpha ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Beta ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุฉ Unpaired
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:42,200
519
+ Alpha ููŠ Alpha ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุงูŠุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:42,200 --> 00:10:48,060
523
+ Beta ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ Unpaired Alpha ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:48,060 --> 00:10:52,420
527
+ ู„ุงุฌูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ Unpaired Alpha is extremely insolable
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:55,920
531
+ ูˆุจุชุณุจุจ severe damage to the developing
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:55,920 --> 00:11:01,620
535
+ erythropoieta ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ unpaired beta
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:01,620 --> 00:11:08,740
539
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ Alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒุงุฏ ู…ู† Beta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:08,740 --> 00:11:11,820
543
+ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Hemoglobin H ู…ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑูู‡ which
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:11,820 --> 00:11:16,640
547
+ is relatively stable ูŠุนู†ูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:22,680
551
+ ู„ุง ูŠุชุฑุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฎุงุทุฑุงุชthus moderate
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:22,680 --> 00:11:27,480
555
+ impairment of beta is associated with a greater
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:27,480 --> 00:11:32,820
559
+ degree of ineffective erythropoiesis ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:32,820 --> 00:11:39,100
563
+ hemolysis ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ beta ุฃูƒุชุฑ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:39,100 --> 00:11:46,040
567
+ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ alpha ุทูŠุจ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ุนู„ู‰
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:46,040 --> 00:11:51,900
571
+ ุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃู„ูุฉ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุซุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€Alpha
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:51,900 --> 00:11:57,280
575
+ -thalassemia ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ security ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:57,280 --> 00:12:02,760
579
+ virus deletion ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ mutation
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:02,760 --> 00:12:08,660
583
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ูู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฑุจุน ุงู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ู…
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:08,660 --> 00:12:12,460
587
+ ุงู…ุง silent carriers ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุบูŠุงุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ Alpha
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:12,460 --> 00:12:18,400
591
+ -thalassemia 2 ุงูˆ Hemoglobin Ash Disease ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:18,400 --> 00:12:23,310
595
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ุชู„ุช ุฌูŠู†or hemoglobin parts ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุบูŠุงุจุฉ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:23,310 --> 00:12:28,030
599
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌูŠู† ูˆู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏู‡ silent
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:28,030 --> 00:12:33,510
603
+ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุจconfidilation ู„ one globin gene ูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:33,510 --> 00:12:37,370
607
+ that has no significant effect ู…ุง ุฃูŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุฃูŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:37,370 --> 00:12:45,490
611
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจas adult ู„ูˆ ุงุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:45,490 --> 00:12:47,830
615
+ ููŠู‡ no hematological abnormality ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:47,830 --> 00:12:51,950
619
+ ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู…ุงุนุฏุฏ DNA Analysis ู„ู…ุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:51,950 --> 00:12:55,950
623
+ ุชูุญุต ุงู„ DNA Analysis ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ umbilical
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:55,950 --> 00:13:02,790
627
+ core of newborn ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ it may
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:02,790 --> 00:13:06,810
631
+ contain one percent of hemoglobin parts ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:06,810 --> 00:13:10,390
635
+ hemoglobin partsุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† gamma four ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:10,390 --> 00:13:14,320
639
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Alphaู‡ู„ ุฌูŠุช Alpha ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:19,180
643
+ ุจุชุชูˆู„ุฏ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง Gamma ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ุฌู„ุช
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:19,180 --> 00:13:24,220
647
+ Alpha ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ Gamma ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ Gamma ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:24,220 --> 00:13:29,300
651
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ Alpha ูุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุชุฌู…ุน
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:29,300 --> 00:13:33,720
655
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู†ุง New Hemoglobin
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:33,720 --> 00:13:40,720
659
+ Ismohemoglobin parts ูˆูŠุจุฑู…ุฒูˆู„ู‡ Gamma 4 ูˆุชู†ุณูˆุดthis
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:45,320
663
+ is abnormal hemoglobin ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู† normal
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:45,320 --> 00:13:50,200
667
+ hemoglobin ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ two dissimilar globin
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:50,200 --> 00:13:55,660
671
+ chain ูˆ ู‡ู†ูุด dissimilarity ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:55,660 --> 00:14:02,280
675
+ globin chain are gamma such individual can only be
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:02,280 --> 00:14:05,560
679
+ defined with complete reliability of by DNA
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:05,560 --> 00:14:08,820
683
+ analysis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ DNA analysis ุนุดุงู† ุชู‚ูˆู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:08,820 --> 00:14:15,340
687
+ ุงู†ู‡and we have one alpha-globin gene ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:25,380
691
+ ู‡ูˆ alpha-thalassemia trait ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:25,380 --> 00:14:30,300
695
+ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ two alpha
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:30,300 --> 00:14:36,350
699
+ -globin gene are deletedูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ deletion ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุง
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:36,350 --> 00:14:38,650
703
+ ุฅู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฌุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:38,650 --> 00:14:46,390
707
+ heterozygous ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ alpha nude ู‡ูˆ heterozygous ุฃูˆ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:46,390 --> 00:14:51,570
711
+ alpha plus homozygous ุงู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:51,570 --> 00:14:55,430
715
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ genetic
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:55,430 --> 00:14:59,390
719
+ counseling ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู†ุนุฑู which is which ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:59,390 --> 00:15:02,650
723
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ family pedigree
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:02,650 --> 00:15:06,560
727
+ ูˆุชุนุทูŠู‡ genetic counselingุทูŠุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ laboratory
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:06,560 --> 00:15:09,340
731
+ finding ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุงู„ affected individual
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:09,340 --> 00:15:12,740
735
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ microesthetic hypochromic anemia with no
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:12,740 --> 00:15:17,400
739
+ significant symptom ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุบู„ูˆุจ ุงุชุด formation
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:17,400 --> 00:15:23,320
743
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง can be demonstrated by sobra vital stain ููŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:23,320 --> 00:15:28,080
747
+ ุจุนุถ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ RBCsูˆู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง ุงู„ Embolica ุงู„ูƒูˆู†
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:28,080 --> 00:15:31,340
751
+ ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ hemoglobin parts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:31,340 --> 00:15:36,720
755
+ ุชุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† gamma 4 ุฒุงุฏุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:36,720 --> 00:15:43,540
759
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ hemoglobin H disease ูˆ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:43,540 --> 00:15:49,180
763
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุบูŠุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ alpha-globin geneSeverity
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:49,180 --> 00:15:56,460
767
+ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin H Variability
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:56,460 --> 00:16:04,080
771
+ ูˆุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ moderate to severe anemia ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:06,720
775
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ HepatosplenomyุฌุฑูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:11,220
779
+ ููŠู‡ extra medullary hemopoiesis Hemoglobinู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:17,150
783
+ ููŠ ุนุฏูˆุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุงู„ู€
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:17,150 --> 00:16:21,230
787
+ Extra-medullae ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒู… Hemopoiesis and
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:21,230 --> 00:16:26,250
791
+ skeletal abnormality are uncommon ุจู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠุงุด ุงู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:26,250 --> 00:16:30,190
795
+ skeletal ู„ุณู‡ abnormality ู…ุง ุงุชุฃุซุฑุช ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:30,190 --> 00:16:34,330
799
+ laboratory ู‡ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ blood film ู‡ู†ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ microcytic
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:34,330 --> 00:16:37,810
803
+ hypochromia hypochronic ูˆููŠู‡ fragmented RBCs,
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:37,850 --> 00:16:40,570
807
+ polykylocytosis, polychromedia ูˆููŠู‡ target cell
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:41,410 --> 00:16:45,150
811
+ Hemoglobin H including ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:45,150 --> 00:16:50,770
815
+ ุงู„ RBCs ุจุงู„ูƒูŠุฑุณุฑ And these bodies ุจุชุนู…ู„ Hemolytic
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:50,770 --> 00:16:57,790
819
+ Anemia ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ Embolical cord
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:57,790 --> 00:17:01,990
823
+ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ุงู„ hemoglobin parts ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‰ 40%
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:07,740
827
+ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุฅู† ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ defect ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ุงุดูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:07,740 --> 00:17:14,500
831
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู‡ one alpha gene ุซู… ุตุงุฑ ุนุดุฑุฉ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:14,500 --> 00:17:18,460
835
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† gene ูˆุฑุฌุนุช ููŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:18,460 --> 00:17:22,700
839
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ alpha-globin gene ูุตุงุฑุช ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:22,700 --> 00:17:25,420
843
+ hemoglobin parts ููŠ ุงู„ umbilical cord ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:25,420 --> 00:17:29,160
847
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒู… ูุญุตู†ุง ุงู„ adult hemoglobin ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:29,160 --> 00:17:33,930
851
+ hemoglobin HุจุตูŠุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:33,930 --> 00:17:37,470
855
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุจู„ุงูŠูƒุงู„ ูƒูˆุฑุฏ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:37,470 --> 00:17:45,290
859
+ ุจุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุณู‡ ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุงู„ู
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:45,290 --> 00:17:52,930
863
+ ุฌุงู…ุน ู…ุงุดูŠ ูุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ุงุด ุนู„ู‰ ูุด ุงู„ู ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุฌุงู…ุน ุจุฏู‡
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:52,930 --> 00:17:55,990
867
+ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูุจุทู„ุน Hemoglobin burst ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ beta
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:55,990 --> 00:18:00,720
871
+ -globin ุจุชูƒูˆู† already ุงุชุตู†ุนุชู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Beta ุจุฏู‡ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:00,720 --> 00:18:03,440
875
+ ุชุดุจูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Alpha ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงููŠุด Alpha ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ Beta
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:03,440 --> 00:18:08,900
879
+ 4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุบู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† H ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:08,900 --> 00:18:14,380
883
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hydrophytalase parts Hydrophytalase ูˆู‡ุฐุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:14,380 --> 00:18:18,840
887
+ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุบูŠุงุจ ุฃุฑุจุน Globin gene ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ complete
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:26,480
891
+ absence ู„ู€Globin gene ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ูุดูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:33,120
895
+ ุงู„ูุง ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:33,120 --> 00:18:41,120
899
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ูˆู„ุง normal hemoglobin ุจุชุตู†ุน ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:41,120 --> 00:18:48,860
903
+ ุจุนุฏ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ zetaู…ุงููŠ ูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ Hemoglobin ู„ุฃู† ุฃูˆู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:48,860 --> 00:18:52,260
907
+ ุดูŠ Zeta ูˆุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Gamma one ุงู†ุณูˆุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:52,260 --> 00:18:57,180
911
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุฏูˆุฑ Alpha
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:57,180 --> 00:19:02,080
915
+ Gamma ู…ุงููŠุด Alpha ููƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู„ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Gamma
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:02,080 --> 00:19:08,240
919
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Gamma ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูุดูˆ ุจูŠุชุตู†ุน ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† Hemoglobin
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:16,090
923
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ Gamma four ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ Betaุน ุญุณุจ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:16,090 --> 00:19:20,750
927
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุน ุญุณุจ Gamma Beta ุจุชุดุจูƒ ู…ุน AlphaุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠุด
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:20,750 --> 00:19:27,230
931
+ AlphaุŒ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุชุฌู…ุน ู„ู€ Beta 4 Hemoglobin ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:27,230 --> 00:19:32,150
935
+ ูุฏูˆุฏ ุณุชุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ functional anemiaุŒ ุงู†ุช ุณูŠุจูŠู„ุŒ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:34,690
939
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ Hemoglobin ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:34,690 --> 00:19:40,030
943
+ functional Hemoglobin Severity of anemia ุจุชุณุจุจ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:40,030 --> 00:19:44,590
947
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Gross EdemaุŒ ุจู†ุชูุฎู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:44,590 --> 00:19:48,790
951
+ congestive heart failure ูˆููŠ massive hepato
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:48,790 --> 00:19:53,590
955
+ splenomegaly ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ hypoxia ูุดูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:53,590 --> 00:19:56,730
959
+ ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุจูˆุถู…ุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุจูˆุถู…ุงุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุบู„ุท ูุจุฏู‰ ูŠุถุทุฑ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:56,730 --> 00:20:02,290
963
+ ูŠู„ุฌุฃ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ extra medullary hemopoiesis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:02,290 --> 00:20:06,130
967
+ ุงู„ liver ูˆ ุงู„ spleen ูุจูŠูƒุจุฑูˆุง hepato splenomegaly
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:06,130 --> 00:20:10,990
971
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ pregnancy ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุตู„ู‡ termination
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:11,760 --> 00:20:15,360
975
+ ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ third trimester ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง still birth
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:15,360 --> 00:20:21,220
979
+ pregnancy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู…ูˆุช ููŠ ุจุทู† ุฃู…ู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:26,400
983
+ difficult delivery ุงู„ูุญุตู†ุงู‡ from laboratory point
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:26,400 --> 00:20:31,420
987
+ of view ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุงู„ุณู…ูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง microcytosis
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:31,420 --> 00:20:35,640
991
+ ูˆhypochromasia ููŠู‡ุง porkyrocytosis ูˆููŠู‡ุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:40,510
995
+ fragmentationof cells ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู†
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:40,510 --> 00:20:43,750
999
+ ineffective electrophoresis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ููŠู‡
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:43,750 --> 00:20:47,670
1003
+ nucleated RBCs ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:47,670 --> 00:20:51,850
1007
+ precursor RBCs hemoglobin electrophoresis ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:51,850 --> 00:20:56,730
1011
+ ูŠุคูƒุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู„ุงู‚ูŠุด ุฃูŠุงุด
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:56,730 --> 00:21:03,450
1015
+ ูˆุฒุงุฑ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ electrophoresis ูŠุจุฌู‰ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃู„ูุฉ ูŠุจุฌู‰
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:03,450 --> 00:21:05,770
1019
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ hemoglobin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† abnormal
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:07,310 --> 00:21:10,610
1023
+ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:10,610 --> 00:21:14,870
1027
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุชุง mutated beta
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:14,870 --> 00:21:21,510
1031
+ -globin-A ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:21,510 --> 00:21:27,910
1035
+ point of mutation ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุฎู„ู„
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:27,910 --> 00:21:33,450
1039
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ globin ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ู„ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:33,450 --> 00:21:37,590
1043
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง minor or traitุฃูˆ Beta Thalassemia Major ูˆ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:37,590 --> 00:21:41,310
1047
+ Beta Thalassemia Intermediate ุงู„ู€ Minor ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:41,310 --> 00:21:44,990
1051
+ mildest form ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุดูŠูˆุนุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:44,990 --> 00:21:50,510
1055
+ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ area Mediterranean ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:50,510 --> 00:21:54,210
1059
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ single abnormal globin
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:54,210 --> 00:22:01,390
1063
+ gene ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† beta globin
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:01,390 --> 00:22:03,690
1067
+ gene mutated
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:05,650 --> 00:22:10,550
1071
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุงูŠูˆุฌุฏ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:10,550 --> 00:22:17,610
1075
+ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุงูŠุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:17,610 --> 00:22:23,210
1079
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ูˆูŠุนูŠุด ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:23,210 --> 00:22:28,590
1083
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุชุจุนู†ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:28,590 --> 00:22:33,470
1087
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูุญุตู‡ู… ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฌู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:33,470 --> 00:22:38,250
1091
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ thalassemia minor ุฃูˆ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:38,250 --> 00:22:41,370
1095
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:41,370 --> 00:22:45,730
1099
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฑู ุจุงู„ุตุฏูุฉ ุงู„ู€ Laboratory finding ุนู†ุฏู‡
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:45,730 --> 00:22:50,870
1103
+ microcytic hypochronic anemia ูˆููŠ target cell ูˆ ุงู„
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:50,870 --> 00:22:53,630
1107
+ target cell ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ prominent feature in the
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:53,630 --> 00:22:58,070
1111
+ peripheral blood smear ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชุดุจู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:58,070 --> 00:23:01,410
1115
+ ุงู„ iron deficiency anemiaู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ target
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:01,410 --> 00:23:07,330
1119
+ cell ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ target cell Red cell count ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:07,330 --> 00:23:15,010
1123
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ูˆ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู„ูŠุด as a compensatory for the
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:15,010 --> 00:23:19,790
1127
+ generated anemia ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:19,790 --> 00:23:25,950
1131
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช defectedูุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ Beta ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒุงุฏุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:25,950 --> 00:23:28,510
1135
+ ุชูŠุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ู†ููƒ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุณุฒ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:28,510 --> 00:23:34,870
1139
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃู…ูŠู…ูŠุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุงู„ RBCs
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:34,870 --> 00:23:40,590
1143
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ normal RBCs ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุตู†ุน ุฃู†ู‡
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:40,590 --> 00:23:44,910
1147
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ Hypoxia ูุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตู†ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:44,910 --> 00:23:49,450
1151
+ ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ RBCs ูˆู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู„ู‚ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:49,450 --> 00:23:52,770
1155
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู‡ุฏูŠ typical featureุจุฑุถู‡
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:52,770 --> 00:23:56,510
1159
+ ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:56,510 --> 00:24:02,990
1163
+ ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:02,990 --> 00:24:05,210
1167
+ ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:05,210 --> 00:24:05,250
1171
+ ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:05,250 --> 00:24:08,690
1175
+ ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง ุงูŠุถุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:18,260 --> 00:24:22,040
1179
+ hyperplasia ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุฑูŠุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุฅูŠุฑูŠุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:27,900
1183
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ RBC's hyper ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ plasia ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู…ุฑ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:27,900 --> 00:24:31,140
1187
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุนุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:31,140 --> 00:24:36,140
1191
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก and mild ineffective erythropoiesis ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:36,140 --> 00:24:38,860
1195
+ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ineffective erythropoiesis ู„ุฃู†
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:38,860 --> 00:24:44,980
1199
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตู†ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุฎุทุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‚ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:44,980 --> 00:24:50,330
1203
+ ุจุชู…ูˆุชุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุงู„ iron storage is slightly
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:24:50,330 --> 00:24:56,390
1207
+ increased ุทุจุนุง ููŠ hemolysis ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุงูŠุด
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:24:56,390 --> 00:25:01,750
1211
+ ููŠ iron ุจุฌูŠู‡ุง ูุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ iron ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ precipitated
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:01,750 --> 00:25:08,910
1215
+ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ุงู„ electrophoresis ู„ู† ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุงู† ููŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:08,910 --> 00:25:13,850
1219
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ beta ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฒูŠุฏ Alpha ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:13,850 --> 00:25:19,480
1223
+ ุฃุฒุฃ compensatory mechanism ุงู„ other type ofู„ูˆุจู†
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:19,480 --> 00:25:25,760
1227
+ ุจูŠุฏูˆ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุจูŠุชุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูˆ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:25,760 --> 00:25:29,920
1231
+ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ ุจูŠุชุง ูู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจูŠุฏูˆ ูŠุฏูŠู†ูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:34,100
1235
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ hemoglobin F ูˆู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ delta ุจูŠุฏูˆ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:34,100 --> 00:25:39,500
1239
+ ูŠุดูŠุฑ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ hemoglobin A2 ุฃูŠ ูŠุตุงุฑ ุงู„ F 2 ู„ 6
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:39,500 --> 00:25:45,030
1243
+ ูˆ ุงู„ A2 3 ู„ 7 ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ ู…ูŠู†ุŸู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:45,030 --> 00:25:53,870
1247
+ Beta ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจู† A ูุจู†ุฒู„ ู†ุณุจุชู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:25:53,870 --> 00:25:58,750
1251
+ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฑูˆุฒูŠุฌุงุณ ููˆุฑุชู… of Beta-thalassemia ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:25:58,750 --> 00:26:02,050
1255
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง normal ู…ุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ target cell ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ target
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:02,050 --> 00:26:06,310
1259
+ cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ู‡ูŠ target
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:06,310 --> 00:26:07,950
1263
+ cell ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูˆุฌุงู„ูŠุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:11,700 --> 00:26:23,680
1267
+ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:24,460
1271
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:24,460 --> 00:26:26,820
1275
+ ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:26,820 --> 00:26:26,980
1279
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:26,980 --> 00:26:26,980
1283
+ ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:26,980 --> 00:26:29,340
1287
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:29,340 --> 00:26:34,500
1291
+ ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:34,500 --> 00:26:40,120
1295
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูŠุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠุชุงู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ุบูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ mutated
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:40,120 --> 00:26:48,320
1299
+ ุฌูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุบูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:50,560
1303
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:50,560 --> 00:26:51,560
1307
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:51,580
1311
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:26:51,580 --> 00:26:51,600
1315
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:52,260
1319
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:26:52,260 --> 00:27:05,360
1323
+ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:05,360 --> 00:27:10,400
1327
+ ู…ุถู‡ูˆ Retarded Growth ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูŠุด Retarded
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:10,400 --> 00:27:14,880
1331
+ GrowthุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ bone ุจูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ bone ู…ุงุฑูˆูŠู†
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:14,880 --> 00:27:18,660
1335
+ ู…ุชุฃุซุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ bone ู…ุงุฑูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ bone ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:18,660 --> 00:27:25,620
1339
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ thinning ู„ู„ bone ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:25,620 --> 00:27:30,860
1343
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุชุดูƒู„ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ facial
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:30,860 --> 00:27:35,940
1347
+ mangoloid appearance ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฒู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:35,940 --> 00:27:42,880
1351
+ ู…ุงูŠุนุดูˆุดู„ุณู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุตุงุฑูˆุง
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:42,880 --> 00:27:46,940
1355
+ ูŠุนู…ุฑูˆุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ laboratory finding ุงู„ peripheral
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:46,940 --> 00:27:52,420
1359
+ blood ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง CBC ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:27:52,420 --> 00:27:57,360
1363
+ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆูŠู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:27:57,360 --> 00:28:01,440
1367
+ ุงู„ transfusion ุฏูŠ ุจูŠู† ุฏู… ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ูˆ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:04,680
1371
+ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง blood film ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู†ุนู… ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ microcytic
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:11,990
1375
+ hypochronicูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด global synthesis ููŠ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:11,990 --> 00:28:16,030
1379
+ ู†ูŠุฒูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุฑูˆุณูŠุฒ ูˆ ุจูˆูŠูƒูˆู„ูˆ ุณุงูŠุชุฑูˆุณูŠุฒ ุจุดุฏุฉ ููŠ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:16,030 --> 00:28:23,310
1383
+ polychromatophilia ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชู„ูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุบู…ู‚ ..
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:23,310 --> 00:28:29,570
1387
+ ุบุงู…ู‚ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุบุงู…ู‚ุฉ ู„ุณุจุจูŠู† ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:29,570 --> 00:28:33,590
1391
+ iron ุจุชุฑุณุจ ูˆ ุงู„ iron ุบุงู…ู‚ ู„ุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ููŠ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:33,590 --> 00:28:34,630
1395
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฑ ูˆ ุชุทู„ุน ุฃุทูˆู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:39,450 --> 00:28:46,510
1399
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู„ูˆู† ุงูƒุชุฑ Numerous target cells ูˆููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:46,510 --> 00:28:50,610
1403
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ูŠ ุจุงุฏูŠ and siderocyte are common ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ูŠ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:50,610 --> 00:28:53,710
1407
+ ุจุงุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ DNA remnant ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ููŠู‡ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:53,710 --> 00:28:59,470
1411
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ DNA ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ siderocyte
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:59,470 --> 00:29:05,160
1415
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู‡ุฌุฉ ุนู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุฑุณุจุงุช ู„ู„ู€ iron ููŠ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:05,160 --> 00:29:10,720
1419
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ nucleated RBCs ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู„
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:10,720 --> 00:29:15,020
1423
+ 200 ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ูƒู„ 100 white blood cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:15,020 --> 00:29:19,000
1427
+ ูƒู„ differential ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 100 white blood cell ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:23,140
1431
+ 100 white blood cell ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุจู†ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:23,140 --> 00:29:26,980
1435
+ 200 ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 200 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ nucleated RBCs ูˆ ุงู„
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:26,980 --> 00:29:28,980
1439
+ nucleated RBCs ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:34,090 --> 00:29:39,110
1443
+ Immature RBCs or RBCs Precursors ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:43,290
1447
+ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral BloodุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู‡ุณุฉ ู„ู„ู€ RBCs
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:43,290 --> 00:29:46,770
1451
+ ูุชู†ุฒู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blood
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:46,770 --> 00:29:50,750
1455
+ Increased reticulocyte ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:50,750 --> 00:29:54,410
1459
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ู„ุฃู†
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:54,410 --> 00:29:58,210
1463
+ blood cell slightly increasedูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุจู†ุดูˆู immature
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:29:58,210 --> 00:30:02,510
1467
+ granulocyte ุงู„ู€ platelet slightly increased
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:02,510 --> 00:30:07,390
1471
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ erythroid
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:07,390 --> 00:30:15,070
1475
+ hyperplasia ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:15,070 --> 00:30:18,530
1479
+ ุงู„ hemolysis ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ precipitation of iron in
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:18,530 --> 00:30:21,710
1483
+ the spleen and liver ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ุงู„ iron ููŠ ุงู„
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:21,710 --> 00:30:27,970
1487
+ spleen ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ liverูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ูˆ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:27,970 --> 00:30:31,690
1491
+ iron ูˆ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ free iron ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฑุณู‘ุจ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:31,690 --> 00:30:35,950
1495
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุฎุงุฏุฑ ุฑู‚ู… 2 ุงู„ free iron ุจูŠูƒูˆู† free
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:35,950 --> 00:30:43,730
1499
+ radical compound ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุชุฎุฑุจ infected
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:43,730 --> 00:30:48,610
1503
+ organ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ biochemical test ุงู„ haptoglobin is
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:30:48,610 --> 00:30:51,910
1507
+ decreased ูˆ ุงู„ haptoglobin ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† hemoglobin
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:30:52,330 --> 00:30:58,210
1511
+ carrier Hemoglobin ุจูŠุญู…ู„ Hemoglobin ูˆููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:30:58,210 --> 00:31:04,070
1515
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ู†ุง ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ Hemoglobin
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:04,070 --> 00:31:07,170
1519
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ู…ู„ู‚ุท ุงู„ Hemoglobin three
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:07,170 --> 00:31:12,090
1523
+ Hemoglobin ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ูุญุต ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู„ุงุฌู‡ูˆุด ูุจู‚ู„
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:17,840
1527
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ุงุฒ ุงู†ูƒุฑูŠุช ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงุญุฏ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:17,840 --> 00:31:23,880
1531
+ ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ RBCs ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู†
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:23,880 --> 00:31:30,800
1535
+ Hemoglobin Degradation ุงู„ Electrophoresis ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:30,800 --> 00:31:36,800
1539
+ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ Hemoglobin
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:36,800 --> 00:31:40,140
1543
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Beta
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:31:43,830 --> 00:31:51,510
1547
+ globin defect ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ุจูŠุชุง ุบุงูŠุจุฉ ูŠุจุฌู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:31:51,510 --> 00:31:56,270
1551
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุถู„ ุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชุง ุจุชุญู„ ู…ุญุงู„ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูู…ุงุฒุงู„ ุจูŠุชุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:31:56,270 --> 00:32:02,910
1555
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุงุชุตู†ุนุชุด ูŠุจุฌู‰ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุถู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู…
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:02,910 --> 00:32:05,250
1559
+ ุงู„ hemoglobin ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Alpha ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:05,250 --> 00:32:09,760
1563
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ homozygous form ูƒู„ ุงู„ hemoglobinู‡ูˆ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:09,760 --> 00:32:11,980
1567
+ ุจุฑู‡ู† Alpha Gamma ูˆุงู„ู€ Alpha Gamma ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู‡ู†
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:11,980 --> 00:32:15,580
1571
+ Hemoglobin F ู‡ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Homozygous Form of Beta
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:32:15,580 --> 00:32:20,020
1575
+ Thalassemia ู…ุงุชุฉ Beta ู†ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุฉ Hemoglobin F
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:32:20,020 --> 00:32:24,480
1579
+ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู€ 98% ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ Double Heterozygous
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:32:24,480 --> 00:32:27,780
1583
+ Beta Thalassemia Beta Plus Thalassemia ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู†ุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:32:27,780 --> 00:32:32,180
1587
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ Beta ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ Hemoglobin F ุจุฏูŠ ู‚ู„
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:32:32,180 --> 00:32:38,160
1591
+ ู„ุฃู† Beta ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู† ุญุณุฉ Gammaูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:32:38,160 --> 00:32:43,700
1595
+ F ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ 40% ุฅู„ู‰ 60% ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin A2 ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:32:43,700 --> 00:32:48,480
1599
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุจู†ุณุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:32:48,480 --> 00:32:52,140
1603
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Delta ูˆGamma ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:32:52,140 --> 00:32:59,810
1607
+ ูƒู…ุจู†ุณุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ Betaูˆู‡ุฐุง ููŠู„ู…
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:32:59,810 --> 00:33:03,410
1611
+ ู„ู‡ุง Beta-thalassemia major ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ target cell
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:33:03,410 --> 00:33:07,010
1615
+ ู†ูŠูˆู…ูŠู„ูˆุณ target cell ู‡ุฏูู‡ ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ fragmented
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:33:07,010 --> 00:33:12,650
1619
+ RBCs ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููŠู„ู… ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ dirty blood film ุฏูŠุฑุชูŠ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:33:12,650 --> 00:33:17,630
1623
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฎู„ูุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ RBCs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:33:17,630 --> 00:33:22,850
1627
+ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ู…ุจู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ููŠู‡ ุจูˆูŠูƒูŠู„ูˆุณูŠุชูˆุณุฒ ูˆุงู†ูŠุฒูˆุณูŠุชูˆุณุฒ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:33:22,850 --> 00:33:26,710
1631
+ ูˆุงุถุญูˆ target cell ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆููŠ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:33:26,710 --> 00:33:30,050
1635
+ fragmented cell ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆ ุฏูŠุฑุชูŠ ุจุงู„ุงุทูุงู„
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:33:30,050 --> 00:33:33,330
1639
+ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:33:33,330 --> 00:33:36,230
1643
+ ุงู„ bone marrow ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ bone ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ bone
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:33:36,230 --> 00:33:43,290
1647
+ marrow ุฒุงุฏ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ bone ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุซู…ู† ุงู„ bone
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:33:43,290 --> 00:33:50,500
1651
+ ูุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ boneูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:33:50,500 --> 00:33:55,220
1655
+ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ ู…ู„ูˆู ู„ู„ุจูŠุชุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฒุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู„ูˆู
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:33:55,220 --> 00:34:03,120
1659
+ ู…ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุช ูƒู…ุงู† ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง hairpin
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:34:03,120 --> 00:34:09,570
1663
+ shape ู‡ุฐุง ุนุถู…ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจูˆุฑุฌูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนุถู…ู…ุงุดูŠ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:34:09,570 --> 00:34:18,750
1667
+ ูˆูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ู†ุทูˆุฆุงุช ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุดุนุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ bone
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:34:18,750 --> 00:34:22,370
1671
+ treatment
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:34:22,370 --> 00:34:25,270
1675
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† transfusion independent
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:34:25,270 --> 00:34:30,190
1679
+ patient ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฏู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฏู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:34:30,190 --> 00:34:33,650
1683
+ ุตุงุฑูˆุง ูŠุฏูˆุง iron chelation ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:34:33,650 --> 00:34:39,160
1687
+ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ููŠ hemolysis ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ironุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:34:39,160 --> 00:34:44,800
1691
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ hemolytic RBCs ูู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:49,020
1695
+ ูŠุชุฑุณุจุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง infraction
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:34:49,020 --> 00:34:53,560
1699
+ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู…ู„ุงู‚ ุทูŠู†ู‡ chelation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:34:53,560 --> 00:34:59,740
1703
+ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูƒ ุงูŠุฑู† chelating agent ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:34:59,740 --> 00:35:05,180
1707
+ ุจุงู„ุงูŠุฑู† ูˆ ู…ุทู„ุน ู†ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ urine ูˆ ุชูƒู„ูˆู‡ ุงู„cellular
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:35:05,180 --> 00:35:10,050
1711
+ systemุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู†ุงุฌุญ ูˆุงู„ุดุงููŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Stem Cell
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:35:10,050 --> 00:35:15,350
1715
+ Transplantation Beta Thalassemia Intermediate ู†ุญูƒูŠ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:35:15,350 --> 00:35:19,970
1719
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุณุงุทูŠุฉ usually arise from one of three
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:35:19,970 --> 00:35:24,670
1723
+ circumstances ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:35:24,670 --> 00:35:29,270
1727
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ inheritance ู„ู„ beta gene
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:35:29,270 --> 00:35:34,110
1731
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† mild ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ mutation of beta gene is mild
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:35:34,110 --> 00:35:40,550
1735
+ ู†ู…ุฑุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†Inheritance of another gene ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฒูˆุฏู„ู†ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:35:40,550 --> 00:35:44,090
1739
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุฒูˆุฏุช ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจุชุญู„ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ beta
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:35:44,090 --> 00:35:52,070
1743
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ ash ูˆู…ู† est ู„ุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:35:52,070 --> 00:35:57,490
1747
+ severity of disease ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูˆ Co-inheritance
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:35:57,490 --> 00:36:03,720
1751
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุทูุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉููŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha-Gene ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:36:03,720 --> 00:36:06,600
1755
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Beta-thalassemia ูˆAlpha-thalassemia
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:13,100
1759
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุด ู…ู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ balance ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:36:13,100 --> 00:36:21,600
1763
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุงุด symptoms of disease ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:36:21,600 --> 00:36:24,680
1767
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง intermediate ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู†ู‡
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:36:24,680 --> 00:36:28,660
1771
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ he is not transfusion
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:36:28,660 --> 00:36:34,120
1775
+ dependentู…ุง ู„ู… ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ู‰ challenge ุงู„ clinical
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:36:34,120 --> 00:36:39,380
1779
+ feature ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ condition is a mirror loss of severe
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:36:39,380 --> 00:36:46,480
1783
+ phenotype ูˆ ุงู„ cause of morbidity ู†ุฑุฌุน ุนู† iron
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:36:46,480 --> 00:36:51,900
1787
+ overload ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ iron overload ุฌุงู‰ ู…ู† ุญุงุฌุชูŠู†
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:36:52,090 --> 00:36:55,370
1791
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ hemolysis ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:36:55,370 --> 00:36:58,470
1795
+ ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ gastrointestinal
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:36:58,470 --> 00:37:02,630
1799
+ absorption of dietary iron in anemic patient
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:37:02,630 --> 00:37:08,210
1803
+ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุฏ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุจูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:37:08,210 --> 00:37:14,390
1807
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ iron metabolic disorders iron metabolic
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:37:14,390 --> 00:37:16,110
1811
+ disorders
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:37:25,930 --> 00:37:35,590
1815
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ bomber is massively imposed by the
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:37:35,590 --> 00:37:41,350
1819
+ thyroid hyperplasia ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:37:41,350 --> 00:37:46,190
1823
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ iron ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ iron
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:37:46,190 --> 00:37:48,730
1827
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุฒูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ iron ููŠ the reticulum of the
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:37:48,730 --> 00:37:54,080
1831
+ thyroid systemุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:37:54,080 --> 00:37:58,980
1835
+ reticuloendothelial system ููŠ ุชุฒูˆูŠุฏู†ุง ุจุงู„ู€ Iron
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:37:58,980 --> 00:38:03,340
1839
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง functional anemia ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:38:03,340 --> 00:38:08,700
1843
+ ุงู„ Iron ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠ ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ุชุฒูˆูŠุฏ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:38:08,700 --> 00:38:15,760
1847
+ ุฌูŠุฏ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ Iron ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:38:15,760 --> 00:38:23,850
1851
+ functional anemiaุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจูŠุงุฌุฑุงู… ุจูŠูˆุถุญ
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:38:23,850 --> 00:38:29,550
1855
+ ู„ูŠ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:38:29,550 --> 00:38:37,590
1859
+ Hemoglobinopathies ูˆ Irondeficiency anemia ุบุงู„ุจุง
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:38:37,590 --> 00:38:44,610
1863
+ ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ cbc ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ mcv ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ mcv
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:38:44,610 --> 00:38:48,590
1867
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ normal ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:38:48,590 --> 00:38:56,290
1871
+ microcytic ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆููŠ hypochromic ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ mch ุจุชุทู„ุน
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:38:56,290 --> 00:39:00,370
1875
+ hypochromia ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ iron stores ู†ุนู…ู„ study ู„
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:39:00,370 --> 00:39:02,630
1879
+ iron stores ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:39:08,640 --> 00:39:12,460
1883
+ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑู„ุชูŠู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ููŠุฑู„ุชูŠู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:39:12,460 --> 00:39:17,100
1887
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ููŠุฑู„ุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ ุงูŠุฑู† ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:39:17,100 --> 00:39:19,520
1891
+ ุงูƒุชุฑูˆููˆุฑูŠุณูŠุณ ุงูˆ ุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูŠุง ุณูˆุฑูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:39:19,520 --> 00:39:23,200
1895
+ ุงูƒุชุฑูˆููˆุฑูŠุณูŠุณ ูˆ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑูŠู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ููŠุฑู„ุชูŠู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู†
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:29,500
1899
+ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุจู†ุถูŠ ุงูŠุฑู† ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ CBC ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ุงุชุตู„ุญ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:39:29,500 --> 00:39:34,350
1903
+ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠู‡ุง ู…ุงุชุตู„ุญุด ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:39:34,350 --> 00:39:39,610
1907
+ hemoglobinopathy or ุชู„ุณูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:39:39,610 --> 00:39:43,790
1911
+ ู‡ูˆ ูุจ ุงู„ FEP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ free erythroid protoporphine
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:39:43,790 --> 00:39:48,350
1915
+ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ protoporphine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:39:48,350 --> 00:39:56,770
1919
+ heme cyanophysis ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:39:56,770 --> 00:40:00,470
1923
+ iron deficiency ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ iron
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:40:05,080 --> 00:40:15,160
1927
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ู†ุดูƒุฑ ู„ูƒู… ุงุณุชู…ุงุนูƒู… ูˆุญูŠุงูƒู…
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:40:15,160 --> 00:40:15,480
1931
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡
1932
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/acvRyWcp0Qc.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1847 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,470 --> 00:00:05,310
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:05,310 --> 00:00:10,210
7
+ Hemolytic Anemia ู‡ู†ุชุทู„ู‚ ู„ู„ู€ Acquired Hemolytic
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,210 --> 00:00:15,690
11
+ Anemia ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุงู„ู€ Acquired Hemolytic Anemia ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:15,690 --> 00:00:21,170
15
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุนุงู…ู„ Acquired Factor to induce Hemolysis
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,170 --> 00:00:26,090
19
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ Hemolysis secondary to
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:26,090 --> 00:00:30,120
23
+ immune mechanism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชูุงุนู„ antigen-antibody
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,120 --> 00:00:34,900
27
+ reaction secondary to action of chemical drugs or
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:34,900 --> 00:00:38,840
31
+ toxin ุฏุฎู„ chemical ุฃูˆ drug ุฃูˆ toxin secondary to
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:42,340
35
+ infection ุตุงุฑ hemolysis due to infection or
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:42,340 --> 00:00:46,700
39
+ secondary to physical damage ุถุฑุจุฉ or trauma and
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:46,700 --> 00:00:51,420
43
+ miscellaneous ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุชูุฑู‚ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู†ุฏุฑุฌุช ุชุญุช ู‡ุฐุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:51,420 --> 00:00:55,640
47
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ immune hemolytic anemia ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… ู‡ูŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,640 --> 00:00:59,330
51
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชูุงุนู„ antigen ู…ุน antibody ู„ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ immune
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:59,330 --> 00:01:03,290
55
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ antigen antibody reaction and this
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:03,290 --> 00:01:08,850
59
+ reaction ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุขุชูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุคุซุฑ ููŠ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:08,850 --> 00:01:16,370
63
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุขุชูŠุฉ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ .. ู†ู…ุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:16,370 --> 00:01:18,970
67
+ class of antibodyุŒ ุดูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ classุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,970 --> 00:01:20,110
71
+ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:27,140 --> 00:01:31,680
75
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ activation ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ reaction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:36,860
79
+ ูŠุญุตู„ ู†ู…ุฑุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† number and spacing of antigenic
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:36,860 --> 00:01:41,420
83
+ site ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:41,420 --> 00:01:43,620
87
+ antigenic site ุงู„ู€ antigenic site ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,620 --> 00:01:48,240
91
+ Epitopes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ antigen ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ antigen
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:48,240 --> 00:01:53,500
95
+ ุจุงู„ู€ antibody ุนุดุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:53,500 --> 00:02:02,490
99
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Epitopes ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุญุชุฌู†ุง ู„ู€ antibody
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:02,490 --> 00:02:09,070
103
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃูŠ ุงู„ู€ IgM ุนุดุงู† ูŠุด ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:09,070 --> 00:02:16,130
107
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:16,130 --> 00:02:21,550
111
+ antibody ุญุชู‰ ูˆูƒุงู† ุตุบูŠุฑ monomeric ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ุดุฑ ุฃูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:21,550 --> 00:02:23,810
115
+ ูŠูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู€ news in monocyte
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:57,740 --> 00:03:02,270
119
+ ู…ุด ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ู†ุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆููˆู† ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงู„ุฌูŠุชุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู†
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:02,270 --> 00:03:08,330
123
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุฃุญุณู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุขุชูŠุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:08,330 --> 00:03:15,450
127
+ ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ class of antibody ู†ู…ุฑุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:15,450 --> 00:03:19,950
131
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ antibody ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ IgM ูˆู„ุง IgG
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:19,950 --> 00:03:24,630
135
+ ู†ู…ุฑุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ number and spacing of antigenic
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:24,630 --> 00:03:30,590
139
+ sites ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ูˆุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Epitopes ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:30,590 --> 00:03:33,970
143
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Epitopes ุงู„ู€ Epitopes ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:33,970 --> 00:03:39,170
147
+ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ Antibody ุจุงู„ู€ Antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ ููƒู„ ู…ุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:39,170 --> 00:03:43,550
151
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ Epitopes ู…ุชุจุงุนุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุญุชุฌู†ุง ู„ู€ Antibody
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:43,550 --> 00:03:47,610
155
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:47,610 --> 00:03:52,830
159
+ ูƒุงู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ IgM ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ IgG ู„ุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุด
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:52,830 --> 00:03:56,670
163
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ monomeric antibody ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุด ูŠูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:56,670 --> 00:04:02,190
167
+ ุงุฏู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ complement ุงู„ู€ complement ู„ู‡ุง receptor
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:02,190 --> 00:04:10,890
171
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ููˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ antibody ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:10,890 --> 00:04:13,470
175
+ complement ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูƒููŠู„ ุจุฃู†ู‡
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:13,470 --> 00:04:20,050
179
+ ูŠู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ complement ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนููˆุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:20,050 --> 00:04:22,810
183
+ ุงู„ู€ antigen antibody reaction ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ complement
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:22,810 --> 00:04:25,850
187
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ complement ูˆุงู„ู€ complement ูƒููŠู„ุฉ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:25,850 --> 00:04:30,250
191
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒุณุฑ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:30,250 --> 00:04:32,870
195
+ temperature ุงู„ู€ temperature ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุณุฑุนุฉ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:32,870 --> 00:04:39,410
199
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุซู… ุงู„ู€ efficiency of reticulum in the cell
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:39,410 --> 00:04:43,630
203
+ system ุดุบุงู„ ู…ูŠุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Spleen ุฃูˆ ู…ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:43,630 --> 00:04:48,390
207
+ ูŠูุนุฑู ุจุงู„ู€ reticulum endothelial system Spleen and
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:48,390 --> 00:04:53,550
211
+ liver ุทูŠุจ manifestation ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุŸ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุชูุงุนู„
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:53,550 --> 00:04:59,530
215
+ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ูˆุฅู…ุง Intravascular Hemorrhage ูˆุฅู…ุง
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:59,530 --> 00:05:02,290
219
+ Extravascular Hemorrhage ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:02,290 --> 00:05:05,430
223
+ Intravascular ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูˆุนุงุก ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:05,430 --> 00:05:10,110
227
+ ูˆ Extravascular ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ secondary lymphoid or
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:10,110 --> 00:05:15,310
231
+ reticulum endothelial system ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:15,310 --> 00:05:18,850
235
+ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ูŠู…ุง ุงู„ู€ antibody ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ RBCs ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฌุฏ ุนู„ู‰
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:18,850 --> 00:05:24,490
239
+ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง Antigen ูุฅุฐุง ุงู„
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:24,490 --> 00:05:28,210
243
+ antibody ู…ุณูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:28,210 --> 00:05:33,610
247
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:33,610 --> 00:05:38,930
251
+ ูŠู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ complement cascade ู„ู„ุงุฎุฑ ูˆู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:38,930 --> 00:05:44,470
255
+ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุฅู…ุง ุงู† ุงู†ุช ุจุฏูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ูุจูŠุฌูŠ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:44,470 --> 00:05:51,670
259
+ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจุณ ู…ุงุจูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง ุทุจ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:51,670 --> 00:05:56,450
263
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ macrophage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:56,450 --> 00:05:59,270
267
+ ุงู„ู€ reticular endothelial system ูุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ..
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:59,270 --> 00:06:01,850
271
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ spleen ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุถุฑุจ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ spleen
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:01,850 --> 00:06:06,550
275
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู„ู„ู€ spleen ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:06,550 --> 00:06:14,870
279
+ macrophage ูƒู€ abnormal cell ูˆุจูƒุณุฑู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฃูˆู„ ุทุจุนุงู‹
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:14,870 --> 00:06:18,490
283
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:18,490 --> 00:06:21,790
287
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Intravascular Hemolysis ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:21,790 --> 00:06:25,590
291
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Extravascular
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:25,590 --> 00:06:32,590
295
+ Hemolysis ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฎุด ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immune
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:32,590 --> 00:06:37,170
299
+ Hemolytic Anemia ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ู‚ุฏูˆุง ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู†ุชุนุฑู
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:37,170 --> 00:06:44,550
303
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูุญุต ุงุณู…ู‡ Coombs Test ูˆุงู„ู€ Coombs Test ู‡ุฐุง ูุญุต
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:44,550 --> 00:06:49,530
307
+ ู†ุชุนุฑู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ู†ุดุฎุต ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Immune
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:49,530 --> 00:06:54,610
311
+ Hemolytic Anemia ุฌุงุจูˆุง ูˆุงู„ู€ Coombs Test ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:54,610 --> 00:06:59,810
315
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุฅู…ุง direct ูˆุฅู…ุง indirect ูุงู„ู€ direct ุจูŠุฏูˆุฑ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:59,810 --> 00:07:03,130
319
+ ุนู„ู‰ immunoglobulin ุฃูˆ complement ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:03,130 --> 00:07:08,230
323
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุง ุงู„ู€ antibody ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู€
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:08,230 --> 00:07:15,190
327
+ complement ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุฅุฐุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:15,190 --> 00:07:17,730
331
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Coombs agent ุงู„ู€ Coombs
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:17,730 --> 00:07:21,470
335
+ agent ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุท ู…ู† Anti human
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:21,470 --> 00:07:26,710
339
+ immunoglobulin ูŠุนู†ูŠ Anti antibody ูˆ Anti human
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:26,710 --> 00:07:31,210
343
+ complement ูŠุนู†ูŠ Anti complement ูุดูˆูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:31,210 --> 00:07:33,970
347
+ immunoglobulin ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ complement ุจุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุงุช
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:33,970 --> 00:07:37,770
351
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู„ูˆ ุถูู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Coombs agent ู‡ูŠุชูุงุนู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:37,770 --> 00:07:43,010
355
+ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ูˆูŠุฏูŠู†ุง agglutination ู„ู„ู€ RBCs ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:43,010 --> 00:07:46,410
359
+ agglutination ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Coombs test direct Coombs test
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:46,410 --> 00:07:52,130
363
+ positive ู…ุงุดูŠ ูุฏู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:52,130 --> 00:07:56,050
367
+ antibody ุฃูˆ complement ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:56,050 --> 00:08:02,030
371
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุงู„ู€ indirect ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:02,030 --> 00:08:07,600
375
+ direct ูุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง antibody ุญุงุทูŠู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:10,940
379
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Coombs reagent ุตุงุฑ antibody antibody reaction
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:10,940 --> 00:08:17,920
383
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ antibody Anti antibody reaction ุนุดุงู† ูˆ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:17,920 --> 00:08:20,080
387
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ agglutination ูˆุฏุงู†ูŠ positive
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:20,080 --> 00:08:25,180
391
+ results ุงู„ู€ indirect Coombs test ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:25,180 --> 00:08:32,460
395
+ ุนู„ู‰ antibody ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ serum ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆููŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:32,460 --> 00:08:36,080
399
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุนุฑู ุงู† ููŠ antibody ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุฑูŠุถ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:36,080 --> 00:08:43,740
403
+ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ serum ุชุจุนู‡ ูˆุงูุญุตู‡ ุจุนุฏุฏ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:43,740 --> 00:08:48,060
407
+ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„ู€ antigen ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:51,510 --> 00:08:53,830
411
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Antibody ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:53,830 --> 00:08:56,190
415
+ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Antibody-Antibody reaction
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:56,190 --> 00:09:01,090
419
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูƒู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Direct Coombs Test ุจุญุท ุงู„ู€ Coombs
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:01,090 --> 00:09:06,910
423
+ Reagent ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุฏูŠู†ุง ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:06,910 --> 00:09:10,610
427
+ ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ู…ุนุฑูˆู
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:10,610 --> 00:09:14,210
431
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ patient serum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฏูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:14,210 --> 00:09:17,170
435
+ ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ Antibody ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Antibody ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:17,170 --> 00:09:20,750
439
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนูŠูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุฃู†ุง ุฅุฐุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:20,750 --> 00:09:24,110
443
+ ูƒุงู† ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุจู†ุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:24,110 --> 00:09:28,010
447
+ ุงู„ู€ Coombs reagent ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ antibody ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:28,010 --> 00:09:30,890
451
+ ูˆู‚ุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุฉ ุฏู… ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ุงุญุฏูŠ negative reaction
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:30,890 --> 00:09:34,270
455
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ serum ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ antibody ู…ู†
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:34,270 --> 00:09:38,090
459
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง antibody
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:38,090 --> 00:09:47,270
463
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุญุฏูŠ negative reaction ุทูŠุจ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจ ุงู„ู€ Immune
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:47,270 --> 00:09:55,210
467
+ hemolytic anemia ูˆุฌุงู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุฏุฑุฌ ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู‡ูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:55,210 --> 00:10:03,150
471
+ drug related ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุงุฌุนุฉ ุนู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ drug or
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:03,150 --> 00:10:09,210
475
+ alloimmune ุฏุฎู„ ุณูˆุงุก antigen ุฃูˆ antibody ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุณู…
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:09,210 --> 00:10:19,110
479
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃูˆ autoimmune ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทุจ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ุนูˆุฏ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:19,110 --> 00:10:21,210
483
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู€ Immune-Hemolytic-Anemia
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:21,210 --> 00:10:25,290
487
+ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฅู…ุง Drug-Related ูˆุฅู…ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:25,290 --> 00:10:29,630
491
+ Alloimmune Alloimmune ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฅุดูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ูˆุฅู…ุง
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:29,630 --> 00:10:31,910
495
+ Autoimmune Antibody that generates for self
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:31,910 --> 00:10:36,530
499
+ -antigen ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู†ุชูุฑู‚
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:36,530 --> 00:10:43,570
503
+ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Drug-Related ุฃูŠุถุง
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:43,570 --> 00:10:47,490
507
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒุงู†ูˆ ุฅู…ุง Immune Complex
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:47,490 --> 00:10:51,530
511
+ Mechanism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† Antibody reaction ูˆุฅู…ุง Hapten
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:51,530 --> 00:10:58,290
515
+ Immune Mechanism ูˆุฅู…ุง Autoimmune Mechanism ูˆู‡ูŠ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:58,290 --> 00:11:01,290
519
+ ุงู„ู€ drugs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ Drugs ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:01,290 --> 00:11:07,050
523
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน Immune Complex Mechanism ุดูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:07,050 --> 00:11:11,390
527
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ุจูŠุฎุด ุงู„ู€ drug ู…ุฌุฑุฏ Antibody ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:11,390 --> 00:11:14,390
531
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุนุงู‡ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† Immune Complex
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:14,390 --> 00:11:18,610
535
+ Disimmune Complex ุฅู…ุง ุจู†ุดุฑุช ุงู„ู€ complement ููŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:18,610 --> 00:11:22,230
539
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ูˆุจุนู…ู„ Intravascular Hemolysis ูˆุฅู…ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:22,230 --> 00:11:28,390
543
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุจูŠุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ู…ุงุดูŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:28,390 --> 00:11:31,650
547
+ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง reticulum
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:31,650 --> 00:11:35,890
551
+ endothelial system ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Extravascular
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:35,890 --> 00:11:41,230
555
+ Hemolysis Innocent by standard destruction of
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:41,230 --> 00:11:44,150
559
+ immune complex ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุนุฏุช
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:44,150 --> 00:11:50,550
563
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ antibody in the complex ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุบูŠุฑ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:50,550 --> 00:11:55,010
567
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ it requires drugs in
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:55,010 --> 00:12:00,170
571
+ the system ุฅุฐุง ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ drug ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:00,170 --> 00:12:04,330
575
+ antibody ุงู„ู€ antibody ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ drug ูƒู€ antigen
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:04,630 --> 00:12:08,670
579
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Antibody reaction ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† immune complex
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:08,670 --> 00:12:12,510
583
+ ุจู‚ุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:12,510 --> 00:12:18,010
587
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ู…ู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:18,010 --> 00:12:22,530
591
+ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† big reaction ูˆ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู€ RBC ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุญ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:22,530 --> 00:12:28,340
595
+ Intravascular ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุจู€ antibody ุตุบูŠุฑ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:28,340 --> 00:12:31,320
599
+ ูุจูŠุนู„ู‘ู… ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:33,900
603
+ reticulum endothelial system ูˆุชูƒุณู‘ุฑู‡ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:33,900 --> 00:12:38,340
607
+ Extravascular ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู…ุง Intra ูˆุฅู…ุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:38,340 --> 00:12:44,200
611
+ Extravascular ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ antibody
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:52,140
615
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hapten
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:52,140 --> 00:12:59,690
619
+ Mechanism ู…ู† ุงุณู… Hapten ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู†ุชุฌู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ู„ุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:59,690 --> 00:13:06,430
623
+ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู€ stimulation of immune complex immune
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:06,430 --> 00:13:10,550
627
+ reaction ูุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ immune reaction ูŠุนู†ูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:10,550 --> 00:13:14,090
631
+ antigenุŒ antibody reaction ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆู…ูƒุจุฑ ุญุงู„ู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:14,090 --> 00:13:18,610
635
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ drug ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:18,610 --> 00:13:22,670
639
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง protein
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:24,950 --> 00:13:28,470
643
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุงู„ู€ cell membrane
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:28,470 --> 00:13:33,490
647
+ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ drug ุงุฑุชุจุท ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ drug ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ูƒู€ haptin
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:33,490 --> 00:13:38,370
651
+ ุงู„ู€ drug ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ูƒู€ haptin ุงุฑุชุจุท ููŠ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุงุช
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:38,370 --> 00:13:47,210
655
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูุจูŠูƒุจุฑ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ antigen ูˆุจูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู†
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:47,210 --> 00:13:51,850
659
+ ู„ู‡ antibody which can recognize the haptin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:51,850 --> 00:13:57,680
663
+ ุงู„ู€ drug ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู…ุณูƒ ููŠู‡ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:57,680 --> 00:14:03,660
667
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ antibody ุจูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:03,660 --> 00:14:10,620
671
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŒ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:10,620 --> 00:14:15,900
675
+ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ true auto antibody formation true
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:15,900 --> 00:14:19,400
679
+ auto antibody ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ antibody ุจูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน self
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:19,400 --> 00:14:24,630
683
+ -antigenุฃูˆู„ูŠ ุฏูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:24,630 --> 00:14:29,390
687
+ ูุจูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† antibody ุฅู„ู‡ุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุญุซ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:29,390 --> 00:14:32,570
691
+ antibodyุŸ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุฏุฎูˆู„ drug ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ drug
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:32,570 --> 00:14:40,410
695
+ ุจุชุณุจุจ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ antibody ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:40,410 --> 00:14:44,050
699
+ Antigenุงุช ุฃูˆู„ูŠ ุฏูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุทุจ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:44,050 --> 00:14:46,650
703
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ุฃ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู€ drug ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:46,650 --> 00:14:51,360
707
+ ุจูŠุบูŠู‘ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูู„ู…ุง ูŠุบูŠู‘ุฑ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ุฌุณู… ูƒู€
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:51,360 --> 00:14:55,420
711
+ antigen ูุจุชูุนู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ูƒู€ antigen ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ู€ antibody
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:55,420 --> 00:14:58,760
715
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชูุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ drug ูˆุจุชูุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ protein
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:58,760 --> 00:15:04,880
719
+ ูˆ ุจุชูุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ both ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:12,140
723
+ antibody ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ุง ุจุชูุนู„ ู…ุน self-antigen
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:12,140 --> 00:15:17,560
727
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ drug ูˆุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:17,560 --> 00:15:22,460
731
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุจูŠู† ุฌุซูŠู† ุจูŠุบูŠู‘ุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:22,460 --> 00:15:25,280
735
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูุงู„ู€ antibody ุจูŠุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู€ foreign
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:27,580
739
+ antigen ุงู„ู€ antibody already ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŸ already ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:27,580 --> 00:15:32,200
743
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุงุดุŸ ูƒู€ foreign antigen ูˆุจุชูุนู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:39,760
747
+ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูˆุจุชูุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ drug ูˆุจุชูุนู„ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน bothุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:39,760 --> 00:15:41,280
751
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ Hemolysis
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:43,750 --> 00:15:47,170
755
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Immune Hemolytic Anemia ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:47,170 --> 00:15:52,450
759
+ Alloimmune ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ Drug RelatedุŒ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:52,450 --> 00:15:55,910
763
+ Alloimmune ูˆ Alloimmune ุฃุญุณู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ Hemolytic
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:55,910 --> 00:16:00,410
767
+ Transfusion Reaction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู†
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:00,410 --> 00:16:05,170
771
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุฌุฑู‘ุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุŒ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:05,170 --> 00:16:08,710
775
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Immediate Intravascular Hemolysis
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:08,710 --> 00:16:13,850
779
+ Immediate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุญ in blood vessels ู‡ู†ุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:13,850 --> 00:16:18,570
783
+ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก and it takes a few
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:18,570 --> 00:16:23,590
787
+ minutes to occur and it's life threatening ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:23,590 --> 00:16:29,710
791
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูู‚ุงุชู„ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู„ุชุญู‚ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:29,710 --> 00:16:36,060
795
+ ูŠู„ุชุญู‚ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุดูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:36,060 --> 00:16:41,260
799
+ ุบู„ุท ููŠ ุงู„ูุตูŠู„ุฉุŒ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ูุตูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ูุตูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:41,260 --> 00:16:44,780
803
+ antigenุงุช ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:44,780 --> 00:16:48,640
807
+ ุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ูุตูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ naturally occurring antibody
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:48,640 --> 00:16:54,380
811
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† big antibody IGM ูุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:54,380 --> 00:16:59,200
815
+ ู…ุน big antigen ุงู„ู€ antibody ุชูุงุนู„ุช ู…ุน big antigen
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:59,200 --> 00:17:02,350
819
+ ูู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† strong reaction ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:02,350 --> 00:17:08,650
823
+ Intravascular Hemorrhage ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:08,650 --> 00:17:11,170
827
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:11,170 --> 00:17:11,870
831
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:11,870 --> 00:17:12,090
835
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:12,090 --> 00:17:12,130
839
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:12,130 --> 00:17:20,170
843
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:20,170 --> 00:17:25,930
847
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:25,930 --> 00:17:30,130
851
+ ุจุณูŠุท
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:31,110 --> 00:17:36,530
855
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:36,530 --> 00:17:41,630
859
+ ุงู„ู€ Rh ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Rh ุงู„ู€ Immunogenesis ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃู‚ู„
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:41,630 --> 00:17:51,070
863
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ABO ูุงู„ู€ Rh ุฏุฎู„ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ูƒู†
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:51,070 --> 00:17:55,110
867
+ ูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ Antibody ูุตุงุฑ ููŠ Antibody ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู‡ุฐุง
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:55,110 --> 00:17:58,870
871
+ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:58,870 --> 00:18:03,140
875
+ Rh Antigen ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ antibody already
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:03,140 --> 00:18:07,220
879
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู€ antibody ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ Rh ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน IgG
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:07,220 --> 00:18:11,440
883
+ ูุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุง ุจุด ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€ complement
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:16,120
887
+ ู„ู„ุฃุฎุฑ ูุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ optimization ู…ูŠู† ุจุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:16,120 --> 00:18:18,800
891
+ secret endothelial system ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ spleen ูŠุนู†ูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:18,800 --> 00:18:22,380
895
+ extravascular hemolysis ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ spleen
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:22,380 --> 00:18:23,800
899
+ extravascular
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:25,460 --> 00:18:30,460
903
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ delayed sensitization it
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:30,460 --> 00:18:37,260
907
+ takes weeks ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:37,260 --> 00:18:41,000
911
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ weeks ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:45,560
915
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† due to exposure to foreign antigen and it's
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:45,560 --> 00:18:49,740
919
+ asymptomatic ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุชุจุนุช
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:49,740 --> 00:18:55,400
923
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง protein ู…ุนูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:55,400 --> 00:18:59,720
927
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุณู…
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:59,720 --> 00:19:04,720
931
+ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑู‡ antigen ูุจุนู…ู„ reaction ุจุณ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:04,720 --> 00:19:11,780
935
+ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ูุจูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชูุงุนู„ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุชู…
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:11,780 --> 00:19:16,540
939
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุนุฏ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ rate of hemolysis ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:16,540 --> 00:19:21,900
943
+ ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ normal ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุจุฌู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:24,020 --> 00:19:29,740
947
+ ุณู„ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ RBC ุชุนูŠุด ุจุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุชุจุนู‡ุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:29,740 --> 00:19:36,260
951
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ immediate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ at zero
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:36,260 --> 00:19:42,880
955
+ time ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ hemolysis ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ due
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:42,880 --> 00:19:46,880
959
+ to heritage it takes days ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ slow
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:46,880 --> 00:19:50,440
963
+ extravascular hemolysis ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:50,440 --> 00:19:54,210
967
+ ุขุฎุฑ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ delayed extravascular hemolysis
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:54,210 --> 00:20:02,130
971
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ slow reaction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทูŠุจ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:02,130 --> 00:20:07,530
975
+ ุดูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุฏู‡
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:07,530 --> 00:20:10,350
979
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ pre-transplant testing ุจุฏูƒ ุชูุญุต
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:10,350 --> 00:20:15,710
983
+ ุงู„ูุตูŠู„ุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุชูุญุต ุงู„ู€ Rh ุตุญุŸ for both donor and
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:15,710 --> 00:20:20,090
987
+ recipient ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุจุฑุน
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:21,900 --> 00:20:27,380
991
+ ูˆูŠุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูุชู†ูŠู† ุชุนู…ู„ antibody screening ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:27,380 --> 00:20:32,740
995
+ antibody for both ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ู€ Indirect
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:32,740 --> 00:20:35,280
999
+ Coombs Test ู„ุฃู† ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:35,280 --> 00:20:39,320
1003
+ antibody ููŠ Serum ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุนู…ู„ Indirect Coombs
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:39,320 --> 00:20:42,080
1007
+ Test ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Major Crossmatch
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:42,080 --> 00:20:44,040
1011
+ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ู‡ุงุฎุฏูˆู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏู…
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:44,040 --> 00:20:48,880
1015
+ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุฎู„ุทูˆุง ุงู„ู€
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:48,880 --> 00:20:52,880
1019
+ recipient serum ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ donor RBCs ุนุดุงู† ูŠุดูˆููˆุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:52,880 --> 00:20:57,720
1023
+ ููŠู‡ ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดูˆููˆุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฏู… in
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:57,720 --> 00:20:59,460
1027
+ retro ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:02,250 --> 00:21:07,810
1031
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู„ู€ Alloimmune ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:07,810 --> 00:21:11,510
1035
+ ุงู„ู€ hemolytic disease of newborn ูƒู„ูƒู… ุณู…ุนุชูˆุง ุจุงู„ู€
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:11,510 --> 00:21:16,110
1039
+ hemolytic disease of newborn ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:16,110 --> 00:21:21,970
1043
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ incompatibility ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู… ูƒู€ negative
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:21,970 --> 00:21:28,770
1047
+ for antigen ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ููŠุชุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุฎุฏ antigenุงุช ู…ู† ุฃุจูˆู‡
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:28,770 --> 00:21:35,530
1051
+ positive for antigen ูˆุงู„ู€ antigen ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† RH ูˆู…ู…ูƒู†
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:35,530 --> 00:21:44,150
1055
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ABO ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ูุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุฃุญูƒูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุซ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:44,150 --> 00:21:48,410
1059
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ RH ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:48,410 --> 00:21:52,130
1063
+ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ RH ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฃู… negative ุงู„ู€ RH ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ baby
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:52,130 --> 00:21:56,950
1067
+ positive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุจุทู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:56,950 --> 00:22:05,270
1071
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏ ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ RBCs ู…ู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:05,270 --> 00:22:11,450
1075
+ ุงู„ู€ baby ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฏู… ุงู„ุฃู… ูุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠูƒูˆู‘ู† ู„ู‡ุง
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:11,450 --> 00:22:17,130
1079
+ antibody ูˆู…ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ RH ู…ุซุงู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ RH ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:17,130 --> 00:22:22,770
1083
+ antibody ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ RH ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน IgG ูุจุจุฏู‘ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃู… ููŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:22,770 --> 00:22:27,830
1087
+ ุฏู…ู‡ุง ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ุงู„ู€ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ Rh ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:27,830 --> 00:22:34,390
1091
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ IgG ููŠ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:34,390 --> 00:22:39,730
1095
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงุฎุชู„ู ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฌุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:39,730 --> 00:22:44,870
1099
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ู€ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:44,870 --> 00:22:48,850
1103
+ ู„ู„ู€ Rh ุจุฅูŠูƒุฑูˆูƒุงู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณุชุงุจู„ุงุณูŠู†ุชุง
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:49,510 --> 00:22:53,010
1107
+ ูˆุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ baby ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆุจุชุบุทูŠู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:22:53,010 --> 00:22:58,110
1111
+ antibody reaction ูˆHemolysis ู„ู„ู€ RBCs of the baby
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:58,110 --> 00:23:04,350
1115
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ death ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:04,350 --> 00:23:07,730
1119
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง it requires maternal IgG ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฎุด
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:07,730 --> 00:23:12,110
1123
+ versus antigen in the fetus ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:12,110 --> 00:23:16,340
1127
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง erythroblastosis fetalis ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:16,340 --> 00:23:20,400
1131
+ still birth ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ baby ุจูŠู…ูˆุช ููŠ ุจุทู† ุฃู…ู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:20,400 --> 00:23:27,600
1135
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ edema ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:33,220
1139
+ as a result of heart failure ูˆุจูŠุชุถุฎู… ุงู„ู€ baby ุจู‡ุฐุง
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:33,220 --> 00:23:41,360
1143
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชุจุฏูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ difficult ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:41,360 --> 00:23:45,560
1147
+ delivery ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† cesarean
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:23:48,890 --> 00:23:52,490
1151
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ it can cause severe
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:23:52,490 --> 00:23:56,070
1155
+ anemia in the fetus, erythroblastosis and heart
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:56,070 --> 00:24:00,210
1159
+ failure ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ baby hyperbilirubinemia ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:00,210 --> 00:24:06,030
1163
+ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ brain damage ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:06,030 --> 00:24:09,590
1167
+ due to Rh incompatibility ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุญู„
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:09,590 --> 00:24:14,930
1171
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ุฃู… ุฅุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Anti
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:14,930 --> 00:24:29,000
1175
+ -D ุฃูˆ Anti-Rh ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ Anti-Rh D ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:33,580
1179
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ Blocking ู„ู„ู€ Antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŒ ูˆุจู†ู…ู†ุน
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:33,580 --> 00:24:37,160
1183
+ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† Antibody ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู„ู€ baby ููŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:40,160
1187
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:24:42,160 --> 00:24:48,880
1191
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ..
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:24:48,880 --> 00:24:51,880
1195
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ immune hemolytic anemia ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุณู…ู‰
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:57,260
1199
+ autoimmune ูˆุงู„ู€ autoimmune ูŠุนู†ูŠ auto antibody ู…ู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:24:57,260 --> 00:25:05,860
1203
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ self antigen ู…ุน self
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:05,860 --> 00:25:11,400
1207
+ RBCs ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Antibody can fix the
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:16,980
1211
+ complement and
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:16,980 --> 00:25:26,300
1215
+ set on RBCs ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ RBCs destruction ุบุงู„ุจุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:26,300 --> 00:25:28,800
1219
+ associated with lymphoproliferative disease ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:32,720
1223
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† as a secondary ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู€ complication of ู…ุฑุถ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:32,720 --> 00:25:35,920
1227
+ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ lymphoproliferative disease ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:41,010
1231
+ ู‡ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Collagen Vascular Disease
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:25:41,010 --> 00:25:46,270
1235
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Warm-type ูˆุงู„ู€ Cold-type ุงู„ู€
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:46,270 --> 00:25:50,990
1239
+ Warm-type ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Antibody ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน IgG ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:50,990 --> 00:25:56,810
1243
+ ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ู€ Complement ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจู†ุดุงุทุŒ ุงู„ู€
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:56,810 --> 00:26:02,110
1247
+ Complement ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ C3 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู†ุต ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุŒ ูˆุจู‚ุนุฏ ุงู„ู€
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:02,110 --> 00:26:04,750
1251
+ Immunoglobulin binding ูˆcure at all ุชู… ู†ุดุฑ ููŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:04,750 --> 00:26:11,790
1255
+ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู†ุญุฑุงูุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Antibody ุงู„ู€ C3b
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:11,790 --> 00:26:15,250
1259
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fc
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:15,250 --> 00:26:23,530
1263
+ Portion ุฃูˆ IgG ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅู†ู‡ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:23,530 --> 00:26:28,730
1267
+ macrophage ูุจุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ complement ุฃูˆ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:28,730 --> 00:26:33,450
1271
+ ุงู„ู€ Fc Portion ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ Antibody ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Hemolysis
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:33,450 --> 00:26:40,050
1275
+ ู„ูƒู† Extravascular ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Antibody ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:40,050 --> 00:26:47,250
1279
+ ุฃู† ูŠูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูˆุนุงุก ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠ 70% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:47,250 --> 00:26:52,170
1283
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† associated with other illness ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:52,170 --> 00:26:58,010
1287
+ responsive to steroid ุฃูˆ splenectomy ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ุง
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:58,010 --> 00:27:02,940
1291
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ it can respond ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€Steroid
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:02,940 --> 00:27:06,620
1295
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Immune Suppressant Drug ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุดูŠู„
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:06,620 --> 00:27:09,240
1299
+ ุงู„ู€Spleen ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€Spleen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:09,240 --> 00:27:15,320
1303
+ ุงู„ู€Cold Type mostly ุงู„ู€Antibody ู‡ูˆ IgM ุจุฑุชุจุท ููŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:15,320 --> 00:27:20,440
1307
+ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุชุฏู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงุณู…ู‡ Cold Type ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:20,440 --> 00:27:25,200
1311
+ ุซ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุซูŠู† ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ูˆูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุฃูˆ ูŠู†ุดุท ุงู„ู€Complement
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:30,700
1315
+ ูƒุงู…ู„ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Membrane Attack
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:30,700 --> 00:27:35,140
1319
+ Complex ูˆู‡ูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€ Complement
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:35,140 --> 00:27:41,640
1323
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ RBC lysis ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ู€
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:41,640 --> 00:27:47,480
1327
+ Complement ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ 90% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช associated
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:53,660
1331
+ with other illness ูˆุจูŠุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู„ู„ุณุชูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:53,660 --> 00:27:58,450
1335
+ ุฃูˆ Splenectomy ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:58,450 --> 00:28:04,590
1339
+ plasmapheresis ุจูŠูุตู„ูˆุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:04,590 --> 00:28:11,510
1343
+ antibody ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง summary ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:11,510 --> 00:28:15,430
1347
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:15,430 --> 00:28:17,890
1351
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ hemolytic ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ู„ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:17,890 --> 00:28:24,770
1355
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŒ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุดุบุงู„ ู…ู†ูŠุญ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุชุทู„ุจ extra folic acid
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:24,770 --> 00:28:28,510
1359
+ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู€ hematopoiesis folic acid ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ููŠ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:28,510 --> 00:28:41,170
1363
+ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูˆุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุจูŠุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:41,170 --> 00:28:47,490
1367
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง acute life threatening anemia ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก turn
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:47,490 --> 00:28:54,270
1371
+ off ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุทููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฑุถูŠุฉ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:54,270 --> 00:28:59,890
1375
+ ูุธูŠุนุฉุŒ ุขุฎุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ immune
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:59,890 --> 00:29:02,750
1379
+ hemolytic anemia ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ miscellaneous type ูˆุงู„ู€
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:02,750 --> 00:29:06,370
1383
+ miscellaneous type ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ู‡ู‡ู‡ ุชุญุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:06,370 --> 00:29:10,050
1387
+ classification ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฐ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Paroxysmal
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:10,050 --> 00:29:14,110
1391
+ Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Paroxysmal Nocturnal
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:14,110 --> 00:29:20,110
1395
+ Hemoglobinuria ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… Paroxysmal ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ sudden
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:21,650 --> 00:29:25,470
1399
+ nocturnal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ Hemoglobin ูˆurine ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:25,470 --> 00:29:30,950
1403
+ blood and urine ูˆุงู„ุงุณู… ุฌุงุก ู…ู† ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ุฌุงุก ู„ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:30,950 --> 00:29:34,830
1407
+ symptoms of disease ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุฌุงุก ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:34,830 --> 00:29:41,330
1411
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ nocturnal hemolysis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ู„ู„ู€ RBCs
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:41,330 --> 00:29:46,130
1415
+ ู„ูŠู„ูŠุŒ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:46,130 --> 00:29:49,600
1419
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูˆุจุชู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ urine ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ุชุตุฑ ุจุณ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:49,600 --> 00:29:54,400
1423
+ ูŠุฑุฌุน ู„ู‡ during sleep ู‡ูˆ ู†ุงูŠู… ุงู„ู€ baby ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:54,400 --> 00:30:00,140
1427
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ุงูŠู… ุจุณ ุจูŠุตุจุญ ุฅูŠุด ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:00,140 --> 00:30:04,380
1431
+ nocturnal hemosiderosis ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:04,380 --> 00:30:10,040
1435
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ูˆ drop in
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:10,040 --> 00:30:16,520
1439
+ plasma BH during night ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุชุทูˆุฑ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:22,340
1443
+ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ุทุจ ู‡ุงู„ุดูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:22,340 --> 00:30:25,680
1447
+ ุงู„ู€ Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:25,680 --> 00:30:31,920
1451
+ ุนู† acquired clonal disorder ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ acquired
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:31,920 --> 00:30:38,160
1455
+ ู…ูƒุชุณุจ clonal ูŠุนู†ูŠ clone of cell ู…ุงุดูŠ disordered
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:44,940
1459
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุŒ ู…ุตุนุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉุŸ ูƒุงู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ somatic
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:44,940 --> 00:30:50,680
1463
+ mutation ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ Multipotential Stem Cell ุดูˆ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:50,680 --> 00:30:58,780
1467
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุชุฎู„ู‚ุช RBCs susceptible ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:58,780 --> 00:31:04,520
1471
+ ุจุงู„ู€ Lytic Action of Complement ู…ุด ู…ุญู…ูŠุฉ RBCs
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:04,520 --> 00:31:09,880
1475
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€ Complement ููŠ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:09,880 --> 00:31:13,880
1479
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู€ Complement ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู€
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:13,880 --> 00:31:18,760
1483
+ Immune System ู…ุง ุจุชู†ุดุท ุฅู„ุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Antigen ุฃูˆ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:25,440
1487
+ Antigen Antibody reaction ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูˆุฌุฏุช ุชุชู†ุดุท
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:25,440 --> 00:31:29,600
1491
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒุฑุงุช ุฏู… ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุชุบุฑูŠ ูƒุฑุงุช
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:29,600 --> 00:31:34,600
1495
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุชู…ู„ุน ู†ุดุงุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:39,720
1499
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจุชุชุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู€ RBC ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุฎุงุน ููŠู‡ุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:39,720 --> 00:31:44,420
1503
+ ุนูŠุจุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนูŠุจุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ Susceptible ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:44,420 --> 00:31:51,440
1507
+ ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ู€ complement ุดูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ููŠ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:51,440 --> 00:31:55,100
1511
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ chronic ู…ุฒู…ู†ุฉุŒ but ุงุจูˆ ุตุฏู‚
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:55,100 --> 00:32:02,160
1515
+ ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู†ูˆุจุงุช Intravascular Hemolysis mostly
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:02,160 --> 00:32:06,500
1519
+ occur during sleep moderately to severe
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:06,500 --> 00:32:10,880
1523
+ pancytopenia ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ pancytopeniaุŸ pan ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:11,210 --> 00:32:16,090
1527
+ cyto ู‚ู„ุฉุŒ penia ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:16,090 --> 00:32:20,230
1531
+ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ neutrophil
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:20,230 --> 00:32:24,590
1535
+ dysfunction ูƒู…ุงู†ุŒ ู…ุด ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุชุทู„ุน ู…ุฎู„ู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:24,590 --> 00:32:29,450
1539
+ ุฎุทุฃ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ neutrophil ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ุฉุŒ renal
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:29,450 --> 00:32:33,310
1543
+ insufficiency ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ as a complication
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:33,310 --> 00:32:38,610
1547
+ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุจุชุถุฑุจ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ and dysphagia ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:38,610 --> 00:32:42,970
1551
+ ููŠู‡ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุนุŒ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ venous
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:42,970 --> 00:32:51,570
1555
+ thrombosis ุฌู„ุทุงุช ููŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ veinุŒ classification
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:51,570 --> 00:32:55,550
1559
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒุงู†ุช P and H ูˆุงุญุฏ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:55,550 --> 00:33:00,890
1563
+ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† normal ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† show
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:33:00,890 --> 00:33:05,630
1567
+ moderate increased sensitivity ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ู€
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:05,630 --> 00:33:10,250
1571
+ sensitivity to complement ุจุชูƒูˆู† markedly increased
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:33:10,250 --> 00:33:15,270
1575
+ ุทุจ ูƒูŠูุŸ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:33:15,270 --> 00:33:20,170
1579
+ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุŒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ RBCs
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:33:20,170 --> 00:33:23,450
1583
+ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุงุชูƒุณุฑ 50% ูู…ุง ููˆู‚ ูู‡ูˆ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:23,450 --> 00:33:29,880
1587
+ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู†ูˆุน ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:29,880 --> 00:33:34,360
1591
+ ุจูŠู† 20 ู„ู€ 50% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ circulating RBCs
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:33:34,360 --> 00:33:40,580
1595
+ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ PNH ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ pathogenesis ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:33:40,580 --> 00:33:46,320
1599
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุตุงุฑุช ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ู€ complement ู„ู…ุง ุงุฌูˆุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:33:46,320 --> 00:33:50,560
1603
+ ูุญุตูˆู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:33:50,560 --> 00:33:58,660
1607
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cell membrane ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:33:58,660 --> 00:34:07,220
1611
+ ุงู„ู€ Acetylcholinesterase ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ ูƒุงู†
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:07,220 --> 00:34:12,380
1615
+ ุตูŠุญุฉ ุงูˆู„ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงูƒุชุดููˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:34:12,380 --> 00:34:22,600
1619
+ Acetylcholinesterase ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBC ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุฌุงู„ุณ ุนูŠู†
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:34:22,600 --> 00:34:28,180
1623
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุŒ ู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ ุทุจ ู‡ุง ููŠ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:34:28,180 --> 00:34:31,340
1627
+ ุฅุดูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ decay
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:34:31,340 --> 00:34:35,640
1631
+ accelerating factor ู‡ุฐุง ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:39,780
1635
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุชุชูƒูˆู†
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:34:39,780 --> 00:34:43,340
1639
+ ุงู„ู€ C3b ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† complement active complement
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:34:43,340 --> 00:34:46,220
1643
+ component ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:34:46,220 --> 00:34:51,900
1647
+ blocking ูˆูˆู‚ูู‡ุง ูˆุฅุฐุง ูˆู‚ูู‡ุง ูˆู‚ู ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ cascade ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:34:51,900 --> 00:34:57,960
1651
+ ูˆู‚ู ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€ complementุŒ ุบูŠุงุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุณู…ุญ ุจู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:34:57,960 --> 00:35:02,520
1655
+ complement ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆูŠูƒุณุฑ ูƒูุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŒ ู†ูˆุน
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:06,360
1659
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง membrane
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:35:06,360 --> 00:35:11,860
1663
+ inhibitor ูˆReactive Lysis ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู„ูˆ ุฌุงุจ ูŠู…ู†ุน
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:35:11,860 --> 00:35:16,320
1667
+ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ membrane attack complex ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:35:16,320 --> 00:35:21,380
1671
+ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ููŠ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€ complement ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู†ุน
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:35:21,380 --> 00:35:24,340
1675
+ ุชูƒูˆูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ุง
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:35:24,340 --> 00:35:27,540
1679
+ Hemolysis ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ inhibition ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:35:27,540 --> 00:35:31,680
1683
+ Hemolysis ุงู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู‡ูˆ homologous restriction
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:35:31,680 --> 00:35:37,800
1687
+ factor another protein ูŠุงู„ู‡ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ููŠ the C8 complement
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:35:37,800 --> 00:35:41,420
1691
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ cascade ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆู‚ู ุงู„
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:35:41,420 --> 00:35:44,720
1695
+ complement activation ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:35:44,720 --> 00:35:50,510
1699
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง protective proteinsู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ normal
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:35:50,510 --> 00:35:54,170
1703
+ RBCs ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ complement ุฎุทุฃ ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ุนู„ู‰
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:35:54,170 --> 00:36:00,630
1707
+ ุณุทุญ ูƒูˆุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง no way ููŠ normal
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:36:00,630 --> 00:36:04,670
1711
+ circumstances ููŠ ุฃูŠ normal circumstances ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:36:04,670 --> 00:36:08,070
1715
+ ุงู„ RBCs ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูƒู… ู…ุฎู„ู‚ุฉ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ proteinุงุช
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:36:08,070 --> 00:36:11,090
1719
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ protective proteins ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:36:11,090 --> 00:36:14,730
1723
+ ุจุชุนูŠุด ุจุงู„ุชู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ูƒูˆุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุจุชูƒุณุฑ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:36:14,730 --> 00:36:18,980
1727
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุงุช clinical picture ุฃุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:36:18,980 --> 00:36:22,160
1731
+ Episodic ู†ูˆุจุงุช of Intravascular Hemolysis
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:36:22,160 --> 00:36:29,760
1735
+ Hemoglobinuria Hemorrhage Infection Thrombotic
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:36:29,760 --> 00:36:34,540
1739
+ Complication ูˆุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ .. Trigger the
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:36:34,540 --> 00:36:38,720
1743
+ Hemolysis mostly unknown ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:36:38,720 --> 00:36:43,560
1747
+ Infection ุฃูˆ ุงู„ Vaccination ุจูŠุญูุฒ Antigen Antibody
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:36:43,560 --> 00:36:47,590
1751
+ Reaction ูˆุจูŠู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ูƒู†ุฏุฑุฉ ูˆBlood Transfusion ุฃูŠุถุง
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:36:47,590 --> 00:36:49,610
1755
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Antigen Antibody Reaction ุจูŠุญูุฒ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:36:49,610 --> 00:36:53,250
1759
+ complement ูˆ Infection ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ Antigen Antibody
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:36:53,250 --> 00:36:57,890
1763
+ Reaction ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู‘ู† Antigen Antibody
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:36:57,890 --> 00:37:01,410
1767
+ Reaction ู‡ูŠู†ุดุท ุงู„ complement ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุดุฑุท ู…ู† ุดุฑูˆุท
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:37:01,410 --> 00:37:05,950
1771
+ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ complement ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ reaction Menstrual
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:37:05,950 --> 00:37:11,350
1775
+ cycle ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tissue factor ุฃูŠุถุง
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:37:11,350 --> 00:37:18,120
1779
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ู„ู„ู€ complement ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุฌู„ุทุฉ cause of
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:37:18,120 --> 00:37:24,180
1783
+ death ุฌุงุจูˆุง ุจู…ูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุณุจุจ ู…ู† ุณุจุจูŠู†
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:37:24,180 --> 00:37:28,000
1787
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ infection ุดูˆุงู† ูƒุงู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฉ ูุงู†ุบู„
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:33,160
1791
+ infection ู„ุฅู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ infection ุจูŠุนู…ู„ leukopenia
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:37:33,160 --> 00:37:38,040
1795
+ ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ neutrophil dysfunction ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:37:38,040 --> 00:37:43,970
1799
+ incompatible with life ุจุนุจุงุฏูŠ ู„ู„ูˆูุงุฉูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:37:43,970 --> 00:37:48,910
1803
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ venous thrombosis ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณูŠุฑ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:37:48,910 --> 00:37:54,470
1807
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ vein ูˆูุณุฑูˆุง ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุจุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:37:54,470 --> 00:37:57,330
1811
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ release of a thromboplasty-like substance
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:37:57,330 --> 00:38:03,830
1815
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ tissue factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู„ุทุฉ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:38:03,830 --> 00:38:08,010
1819
+ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุฌุงูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุงู„ู…ูƒุณุฑุฉ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:38:10,430 --> 00:38:15,210
1823
+ ุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู†
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:38:15,210 --> 00:38:25,910
1827
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ RBCs Production and RBCs Disorders
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:38:25,910 --> 00:38:30,570
1831
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:38:30,570 --> 00:38:37,570
1835
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ break ุงู„ุขู†ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ ู…ุง ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:38:37,570 --> 00:38:41,250
1839
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ white blood cells and white blood cells
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:38:41,250 --> 00:38:49,470
1843
+ disorder ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:38:49,470 --> 00:38:49,990
1847
+ ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/bsdGLwvWxJA_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,380 --> 00:00:10,140
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุทูŠุจ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:10,140 --> 00:00:15,440
7
+ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ุง ุตูุชูŠ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:15,440 --> 00:00:18,720
11
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุชูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนูŠุฏ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:26,680
15
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุถู…ู† ุถูŠู‚ูˆู…ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุงุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุจู‚ุงู‡ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:31,160
19
+ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:36,780
23
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆู„ุฏ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู„ุทุจ ูƒูŠู
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:36,780 --> 00:00:40,800
27
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุคูƒุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:44,560
31
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pluripotency ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ pluripotency
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:49,940
35
+ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒูŠู ูŠุชู…
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:49,940 --> 00:00:54,040
39
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ differentiation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุตูุฉ ุฃู†ู‡
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:57,820
43
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ self renewal ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนูŠุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุซู…
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:57,820 --> 00:01:01,200
47
+ ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:04,480
51
+ pluripotency ุฃูˆ ุงู„ differentiation ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠู‡
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:04,980 --> 00:01:12,800
55
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุชู…ุงูŠุฒ ุงูˆ ุชุชุจุงูŠู† ุงูŠู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:12,800 --> 00:01:16,100
59
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุทุจุนุง
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,100 --> 00:01:23,380
63
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุจู„ูŠู† ุซู… ู„ูุฑุฏ ุซู… .. ูƒู„
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:23,380 --> 00:01:28,600
67
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠุน ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุณู…ู‰
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:30,260
71
+ hemopoietic mitosis
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:35,370 --> 00:01:41,470
75
+ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:41,470 --> 00:01:46,010
79
+ ุจุงู„ pluripotent ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุตูุงุชู‡ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:46,010 --> 00:01:51,830
83
+ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู‚ุทุฑ ุงูˆ diameter ู†ุตู ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:51,830 --> 00:01:56,350
87
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ู† 18 ู„23 ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู… ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:56,350 --> 00:02:00,990
91
+ pluripotent ุจุฏูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง myeloid ูˆ lymphoid type
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:09,270 --> 00:02:13,970
95
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฅุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ูˆุนูŠู† Myeloid ูˆ Lymphoid
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:13,970 --> 00:02:18,330
99
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒุงู„ูˆุง precursor ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ูˆุง ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุงุช ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:18,330 --> 00:02:22,470
103
+ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ูˆุง ุงุณุชู…ุซู„ูุงู„ myeloid ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† stem cell
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:22,470 --> 00:02:25,330
107
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ different types of cells ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:25,330 --> 00:02:29,430
111
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู… ู„ู„ RBCs ูˆ ู„ู„ granulocytes ูˆ ู„ู„ thrombocytes
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:29,430 --> 00:02:34,250
115
+ ูˆ ู„ู„ monocytes ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง myeloid ุซู… ุงู„ lymphoid
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:34,250 --> 00:02:38,450
119
+ stem cell still stem cell ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ุจุฏุฃูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:38,450 --> 00:02:47,750
123
+ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ lymphocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ B ูˆ T type ุทูŠุจ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:50,300 --> 00:02:56,780
127
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:56,780 --> 00:03:00,740
131
+ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุตูุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:00,740 --> 00:03:04,560
135
+ self-renewal ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนูƒุณุช ู†ูุณู‡ุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:09,220
139
+ ุซู… to differentiation ุจุฏุช ุชุฏูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:09,220 --> 00:03:14,140
143
+ ู‡ูŠุตู„ู‡ุง ุชู…ูŠุฒ ูˆุชุจุงูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:21,500 --> 00:03:27,520
147
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ .. ู„ู„ .. ู„ู„ self-renewal
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:32,080
151
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ self-renewal ุฃู† ุงู„ self
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:36,380
155
+ -renewal ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุชุนูŠุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:36,380 --> 00:03:43,420
159
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู† ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:43,420 --> 00:03:44,560
163
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏู‡ูŠุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:48,760 --> 00:03:52,460
167
+ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ู‡ูˆ symmetric cell division
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:52,460 --> 00:03:57,080
171
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ุช ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:57,080 --> 00:04:01,560
175
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:01,560 --> 00:04:05,960
179
+ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุฉ ุซู… ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:14,780
183
+ asymmetrical cell division ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:14,780 --> 00:04:15,080
187
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:15,080 --> 00:04:15,240
191
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:16,000
195
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:16,080
199
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:16,080 --> 00:04:16,100
203
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:16,100 --> 00:04:16,220
207
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:16,220 --> 00:04:22,240
211
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆ non-stem cell ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู…
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:26,520
215
+ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… symmetrically ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุงู…ุง
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:26,520 --> 00:04:30,280
219
+ symmetrical ุงู…ุง asymmetrical ุงู„ symmetrical ุงู†ู‡
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:30,280 --> 00:04:34,860
223
+ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชุนูŠุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:35,250 --> 00:04:37,730
227
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ asymmetrical ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ differentiation
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:37,730 --> 00:04:42,270
231
+ ู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุนูŠุงุด ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:42,270 --> 00:04:48,870
235
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซู„ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ุชู†ู‚ุณู… asymmetrical
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:48,870 --> 00:04:53,550
239
+ ูˆููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุงูŠุถุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ุชู†ู‚ุณู…
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:53,550 --> 00:05:02,390
243
+ symmetrical ู„ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ู…ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ูŠู‡ูŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:02,390 --> 00:05:08,730
247
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุฏูŠู†ู‰ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู‚ุณู… asymmetrical ู„ูƒู†
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:08,730 --> 00:05:13,890
251
+ ู„ูˆ ุงุญุชุฌู†ุง ู†ุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:13,890 --> 00:05:17,990
255
+ symmetrical ุงู†ู…ุง ู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ stem cell divide
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:17,990 --> 00:05:21,030
259
+ asymmetrically ูˆ ุงู„ non stem cell ุชู†ู‚ุณู…
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:21,030 --> 00:05:25,030
263
+ symmetrically rules
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:25,030 --> 00:05:29,570
267
+ of normal cell proliferation ุฏู‡ ู‡ู‰ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:29,570 --> 00:05:33,250
271
+ ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ stem cell ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฏุชู†ูŠ ุฏูŠ ู‚ุนุฏุช ู†ูุณู‡ุง
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:39,370
275
+ ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุซู… ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ู‚ุนุฏุช ู†ูุณู‡ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:39,370 --> 00:05:46,130
279
+ ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ุช ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:46,130 --> 00:05:51,770
283
+ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ asymmetrical division
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:51,770 --> 00:05:56,810
287
+ ู†ุถู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ immortality ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฏูŠู…ูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู‚ุงุก ุฏุงุฆู…
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:56,810 --> 00:06:01,320
291
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู…
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:01,320 --> 00:06:04,900
295
+ symmetrically ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ุฑ ุฒู…ุงู† ู…ุญุฏุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:04,900 --> 00:06:13,100
299
+ ู‡ุชู…ูˆุช but also when it's required ุจู„ุชูŠุด ู„ู…ุง
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:13,100 --> 00:06:15,560
303
+ ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:19,370 --> 00:06:22,550
307
+ to restore stem cell quantity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุญุณ ุฃู†
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:22,550 --> 00:06:26,470
311
+ ุงู„stem cell ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุฌุงู„ุจ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ู‚ุณู…
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:26,470 --> 00:06:34,950
315
+ symmetrical ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ู‡ุงุด symmetrical ูˆู‡ุฐุง
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:34,950 --> 00:06:41,370
319
+ mode of stem cell self renewal and differentiation
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:56,680 --> 00:07:01,820
323
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู‚ุณู…ุช ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆุนู…ู„ุช multiplication ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:01,820 --> 00:07:07,120
327
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุตุงุฑ ููŠ commitment ู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠู‡
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:07,120 --> 00:07:11,940
331
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:11,940 --> 00:07:16,560
335
+ committed stem cell ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† myeloid ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ุบูŠุฑ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:22,940
339
+ ุบูŠุฑ lymphoid ุงุณู…ู‡ุง multiplication ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุชู‚ูŠุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:23,930 --> 00:07:27,690
343
+ ุซู… ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ committed stem cell ูˆ ุจุนุถู‡ ุจุตู„ุฉ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:27,690 --> 00:07:32,290
347
+ differentiation ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุชู†ุทู‚ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุชุฌู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:32,290 --> 00:07:35,750
351
+ ุงู„ุตูุชูŠู† ุชุจุน ุงู„ stem cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ self-renewal ุงูˆ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:35,750 --> 00:07:43,490
355
+ ุงู„ differentiation ุซู… ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:43,490 --> 00:07:47,310
359
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ colony forming unit ูˆ colony
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:47,310 --> 00:07:49,570
363
+ ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ forming unit
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:59,910 --> 00:08:04,270
367
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ colony forming unit ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:04,270 --> 00:08:07,990
371
+ ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ูˆ ุฑุถูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ still has the ability to
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:07,990 --> 00:08:12,830
375
+ self-renew ูˆ ู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด and differentiation sorry
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:12,830 --> 00:08:15,930
379
+ ู…ุงููŠุด self-renew ูˆ ู„ุง ููŠู‡ differentiation ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:15,930 --> 00:08:19,430
383
+ ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ colony
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:19,430 --> 00:08:21,970
387
+ forming unit ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:21,970 --> 00:08:26,190
391
+ intermediate blast ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุถู‡ ูˆ ู„ุณู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:26,190 --> 00:08:31,060
395
+ precursor ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฏุฌุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:31,060 --> 00:08:36,040
399
+ ุชุจู†ูŠ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุณู„ู‡ุง differentiation and maturation
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:36,040 --> 00:08:41,320
403
+ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mature cell
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:44,780
407
+ ุนู†ุฏ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:44,780 --> 00:08:50,240
411
+ ุงู„ intermediate plus cell ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:53,740
415
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง morphologically recognizable ุชุชุจุงูŠู†
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:00,590 --> 00:09:07,790
419
+ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ุทุจุน ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ู„ุฎุต ู„ู„ cell free ู„ู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:07,790 --> 00:09:11,170
423
+ properties of stem cell ุตูุงุช ุงู„ stem cell ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:11,170 --> 00:09:15,590
427
+ cell free ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุซู… Hierarchy Hierarchy
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:15,590 --> 00:09:22,070
431
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุบุตุงู… ู‡ุฑู…ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:22,070 --> 00:09:25,390
435
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจุฏูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:25,390 --> 00:09:29,050
439
+ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูˆู†ูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูŠู†ุง ููŠ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:29,050 --> 00:09:29,550
443
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:37,400
447
+ ู†ู…ุฑู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ extensive proliferative capacity ูˆุทุจุนุง
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:40,460
451
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ 16 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:40,460 --> 00:09:46,000
455
+ ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ูŠู† ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:51,080
459
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ุงุช ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ 16 ุฎู„ูŠุฉุณูŠู„ ุณุงูŠูƒู„ status
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:51,080 --> 00:09:55,640
463
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ stem cell ุจุฅู† ุงู„ุณูŠู„ ุณุงูŠูƒู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:55,640 --> 00:10:02,920
467
+ timing is short ุนุดุงู† ุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู‡ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฒูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:06,260
471
+ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ู„ุงุจุฏ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ short time for
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:06,260 --> 00:10:11,480
475
+ production ู†ู…ุฑุฎ ุฎู…ุณุฉ surface marker ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:11,480 --> 00:10:16,590
479
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ maturationูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฎุฑูŠุฉ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:16,590 --> 00:10:22,690
483
+ ุจุชู†ุถุฌุŒ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ุŒ ูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชูƒุชุณุจ ุนู„ู‰
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:22,690 --> 00:10:27,890
487
+ ุณุทุญุฉ Cell Surface Marker ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:27,890 --> 00:10:31,510
491
+ Marker ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุณู„ุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:31,510 --> 00:10:34,550
495
+ differentiationุŒ ุจุชุฏู„ ุชูƒุชุณุจุŒ ุชูƒุชุณุจุŒ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:34,550 --> 00:10:38,210
499
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู€Mature Form ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Full Functioning
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:38,210 --> 00:10:40,350
503
+ CellุŒ Full Functioning Cell
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:46,140 --> 00:10:50,460
507
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชุชูุนู„
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:50,460 --> 00:10:56,700
511
+ ู…ุน ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ุง ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ุงูŠ ุจูŠุฆุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:56,700 --> 00:11:01,120
515
+ ุชุนูŠุด ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ hemopoiesis or
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:01,120 --> 00:11:07,120
519
+ hemopoietic organ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงู†ู†ุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุง
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:09,460
523
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ micro environment
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:16,430 --> 00:11:22,130
527
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง stem
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:22,130 --> 00:11:28,110
531
+ cell ู‡ุฐุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชุจูŠู† ู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:28,110 --> 00:11:32,890
535
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณู‡ู… ูŠู†ุทู„ู‚ ู…ู† from left to
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:32,890 --> 00:11:38,830
539
+ right from left to east to right at left ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:38,830 --> 00:11:43,390
543
+ ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑูŠู†ูŠูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ capacity is high
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:43,990 --> 00:11:49,670
547
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุถุงุนู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ immature form ู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:49,670 --> 00:11:54,990
551
+ mature form ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ once the cell is mature there is
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:54,990 --> 00:12:01,730
555
+ no cell renewal ุจุชู‚ู„ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:01,730 --> 00:12:05,030
559
+ differentiation ูˆ ุงู„ development ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุชุชุทูˆุฑ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:05,030 --> 00:12:11,790
563
+ ูˆ ุชุตูŠุฑ mature cell ุงู„ figure bุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:11,790 --> 00:12:17,390
567
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ stem cell ูุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ stem
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:17,390 --> 00:12:22,950
571
+ cell ุซู… ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง progenitor cell only
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:22,950 --> 00:12:26,290
575
+ recognized by culture ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ culture
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:26,290 --> 00:12:33,980
579
+ media ุซู… recognizable formof cell ูˆุฏู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:33,980 --> 00:12:38,260
583
+ ุงู‚ุฑุง slide ูˆู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:38,260 --> 00:12:42,600
587
+ ุซู… ุงู„ mature form ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุฃูƒู… ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุน
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:42,600 --> 00:12:46,980
591
+ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ุจุงู„ stem cell ุซู… ุงู„
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:46,980 --> 00:12:52,640
595
+ progenitor cell ุซู… recognizable form of cell ุซู… ุงู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:52,640 --> 00:12:56,420
599
+ mature form of cell
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:59,610 --> 00:13:03,070
603
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ immature ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:03,070 --> 00:13:07,170
607
+ mature ูŠุนู†ูŠ cell progression ุบุงู„ุจุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูƒุชุณุจ ู‡ุฐู‡
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:07,170 --> 00:13:11,730
611
+ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ูู†ู…ุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชูƒุชุณุจ specific cell
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:11,730 --> 00:13:15,890
615
+ marker ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ marker ูŠุนู†ูŠ function
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:15,890 --> 00:13:21,290
619
+ ุชูƒุชุณุจ receptor ุงู„ adhesion molecule ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูู‚ุฏ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:21,290 --> 00:13:24,850
623
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ adhesion molecule ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:24,850 --> 00:13:29,800
627
+ immature ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู„ุชุตู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ micro environmentูˆ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:29,800 --> 00:13:33,300
631
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ mature ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ุณู„ุฎ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ micro
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:33,300 --> 00:13:37,520
635
+ environment ุซู… chromatin openingsุŒ chromatin ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:37,520 --> 00:13:43,280
639
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูุชุญ by maturation ุซู…
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:43,280 --> 00:13:47,980
643
+ ุงูƒุชุณุงุจู‡ุง ู„ epigenetic transcriptional factor ูˆ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:47,980 --> 00:13:52,780
647
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ proliferative capacity ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ mature
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:52,780 --> 00:13:55,600
651
+ cell is no more proliferative
652
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/bsdGLwvWxJA_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/bsdGLwvWxJA_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,656 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,380 --> 00:00:10,140
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุทูŠุจ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:10,140 --> 00:00:15,440
7
+ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ุง ุตูุชูŠ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:15,440 --> 00:00:18,720
11
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุชูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนูŠุฏ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:26,680
15
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุถู…ู† ุถูŠู‚ูˆู…ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุงุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุจู‚ุงู‡ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:31,160
19
+ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:36,780
23
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆู„ุฏ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู„ุทุจ ูƒูŠู
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:36,780 --> 00:00:40,800
27
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุคูƒุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:44,560
31
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pluripotency ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ pluripotency
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:49,940
35
+ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒูŠู ูŠุชู…
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:49,940 --> 00:00:54,040
39
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ differentiation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุตูุฉ ุฃู†ู‡
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:57,820
43
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ self renewal ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนูŠุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุซู…
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:57,820 --> 00:01:01,200
47
+ ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:04,480
51
+ pluripotency ุฃูˆ ุงู„ differentiation ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠู‡
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:04,980 --> 00:01:12,800
55
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุชู…ุงูŠุฒ ุงูˆ ุชุชุจุงูŠู† ุงูŠู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:12,800 --> 00:01:16,100
59
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุทุจุนุง
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,100 --> 00:01:23,380
63
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุจู„ูŠู† ุซู… ู„ูุฑุฏ ุซู… .. ูƒู„
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:23,380 --> 00:01:28,600
67
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠุน ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุณู…ู‰
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:30,260
71
+ hemopoietic mitosis
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:35,370 --> 00:01:41,470
75
+ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:41,470 --> 00:01:46,010
79
+ ุจุงู„ pluripotent ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุตูุงุชู‡ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:46,010 --> 00:01:51,830
83
+ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู‚ุทุฑ ุงูˆ diameter ู†ุตู ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:51,830 --> 00:01:56,350
87
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ู† 18 ู„23 ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู… ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:56,350 --> 00:02:00,990
91
+ pluripotent ุจุฏูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง myeloid ูˆ lymphoid type
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:09,270 --> 00:02:13,970
95
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฅุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ูˆุนูŠู† Myeloid ูˆ Lymphoid
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:13,970 --> 00:02:18,330
99
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒุงู„ูˆุง precursor ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ูˆุง ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุงุช ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:18,330 --> 00:02:22,470
103
+ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ูˆุง ุงุณุชู…ุซู„ูุงู„ myeloid ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† stem cell
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:22,470 --> 00:02:25,330
107
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ different types of cells ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:25,330 --> 00:02:29,430
111
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู… ู„ู„ RBCs ูˆ ู„ู„ granulocytes ูˆ ู„ู„ thrombocytes
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:29,430 --> 00:02:34,250
115
+ ูˆ ู„ู„ monocytes ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุง myeloid ุซู… ุงู„ lymphoid
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:34,250 --> 00:02:38,450
119
+ stem cell still stem cell ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ุจุฏุฃูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:38,450 --> 00:02:47,750
123
+ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ lymphocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ B ูˆ T type ุทูŠุจ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:50,300 --> 00:02:56,780
127
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:56,780 --> 00:03:00,740
131
+ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุตูุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:00,740 --> 00:03:04,560
135
+ self-renewal ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนูƒุณุช ู†ูุณู‡ุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:09,220
139
+ ุซู… to differentiation ุจุฏุช ุชุฏูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:09,220 --> 00:03:14,140
143
+ ู‡ูŠุตู„ู‡ุง ุชู…ูŠุฒ ูˆุชุจุงูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:21,500 --> 00:03:27,520
147
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ .. ู„ู„ .. ู„ู„ self-renewal
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:32,080
151
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ self-renewal ุฃู† ุงู„ self
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:36,380
155
+ -renewal ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู† ุชุนูŠุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:36,380 --> 00:03:43,420
159
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู† ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:43,420 --> 00:03:44,560
163
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏู‡ูŠุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:48,760 --> 00:03:52,460
167
+ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ู‡ูˆ symmetric cell division
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:52,460 --> 00:03:57,080
171
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ุช ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:57,080 --> 00:04:01,560
175
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:01,560 --> 00:04:05,960
179
+ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุฉ ุซู… ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:14,780
183
+ asymmetrical cell division ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:14,780 --> 00:04:15,080
187
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:15,080 --> 00:04:15,240
191
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:16,000
195
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:16,080
199
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:16,080 --> 00:04:16,100
203
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:16,100 --> 00:04:16,220
207
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:16,220 --> 00:04:16,220
211
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:16,220 --> 00:04:22,240
215
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆ non-stem cell ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู…
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:26,520
219
+ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… symmetrically ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ุงู…ุง
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:26,520 --> 00:04:30,280
223
+ symmetrical ุงู…ุง asymmetrical ุงู„ symmetrical ุงู†ู‡
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:30,280 --> 00:04:34,860
227
+ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชุนูŠุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:35,250 --> 00:04:37,730
231
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ asymmetrical ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ differentiation
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:37,730 --> 00:04:42,270
235
+ ู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุนูŠุงุด ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:42,270 --> 00:04:48,870
239
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซู„ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ุชู†ู‚ุณู… asymmetrical
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:48,870 --> 00:04:53,550
243
+ ูˆููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุงูŠุถุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ุชู†ู‚ุณู…
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:53,550 --> 00:05:02,390
247
+ symmetrical ู„ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ู…ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ูŠู‡ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:02,390 --> 00:05:08,730
251
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุฏูŠู†ู‰ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู‚ุณู… asymmetrical ู„ูƒู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:08,730 --> 00:05:13,890
255
+ ู„ูˆ ุงุญุชุฌู†ุง ู†ุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:13,890 --> 00:05:17,990
259
+ symmetrical ุงู†ู…ุง ู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ stem cell divide
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:17,990 --> 00:05:21,030
263
+ asymmetrically ูˆ ุงู„ non stem cell ุชู†ู‚ุณู…
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:21,030 --> 00:05:25,030
267
+ symmetrically rules
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:25,030 --> 00:05:29,570
271
+ of normal cell proliferation ุฏู‡ ู‡ู‰ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:29,570 --> 00:05:33,250
275
+ ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ stem cell ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฏุชู†ูŠ ุฏูŠ ู‚ุนุฏุช ู†ูุณู‡ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:39,370
279
+ ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุซู… ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ู‚ุนุฏุช ู†ูุณู‡ุง
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:39,370 --> 00:05:46,130
283
+ ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ุช ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:46,130 --> 00:05:51,770
287
+ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ asymmetrical division
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:51,770 --> 00:05:56,810
291
+ ู†ุถู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ immortality ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฏูŠู…ูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู‚ุงุก ุฏุงุฆู…
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:56,810 --> 00:06:01,320
295
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู…
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:01,320 --> 00:06:04,900
299
+ symmetrically ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ุฑ ุฒู…ุงู† ู…ุญุฏุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:04,900 --> 00:06:13,100
303
+ ู‡ุชู…ูˆุช but also when it's required ุจู„ุชูŠุด ู„ู…ุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:13,100 --> 00:06:15,560
307
+ ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุซู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:19,370 --> 00:06:22,550
311
+ to restore stem cell quantity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุญุณ ุฃู†
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:22,550 --> 00:06:26,470
315
+ ุงู„stem cell ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุฌุงู„ุจ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ู‚ุณู…
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:26,470 --> 00:06:34,950
319
+ symmetrical ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ู‡ุงุด symmetrical ูˆู‡ุฐุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:34,950 --> 00:06:41,370
323
+ mode of stem cell self renewal and differentiation
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:56,680 --> 00:07:01,820
327
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู‚ุณู…ุช ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆุนู…ู„ุช multiplication ูˆุฏุชู†ูŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:01,820 --> 00:07:07,120
331
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุตุงุฑ ููŠ commitment ู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠู‡
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:07,120 --> 00:07:11,940
335
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:11,940 --> 00:07:16,560
339
+ committed stem cell ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† myeloid ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ุบูŠุฑ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:22,940
343
+ ุบูŠุฑ lymphoid ุงุณู…ู‡ุง multiplication ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุชู‚ูŠุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:23,930 --> 00:07:27,690
347
+ ุซู… ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ committed stem cell ูˆ ุจุนุถู‡ ุจุตู„ุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:27,690 --> 00:07:32,290
351
+ differentiation ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุชู†ุทู‚ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุชุฌู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:32,290 --> 00:07:35,750
355
+ ุงู„ุตูุชูŠู† ุชุจุน ุงู„ stem cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ self-renewal ุงูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:35,750 --> 00:07:43,490
359
+ ุงู„ differentiation ุซู… ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:43,490 --> 00:07:47,310
363
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ colony forming unit ูˆ colony
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:47,310 --> 00:07:49,570
367
+ ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ forming unit
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:59,910 --> 00:08:04,270
371
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ colony forming unit ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:04,270 --> 00:08:07,990
375
+ ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ูˆ ุฑุถูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ still has the ability to
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:07,990 --> 00:08:12,830
379
+ self-renew ูˆ ู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด and differentiation sorry
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:12,830 --> 00:08:15,930
383
+ ู…ุงููŠุด self-renew ูˆ ู„ุง ููŠู‡ differentiation ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:15,930 --> 00:08:19,430
387
+ ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ colony
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:19,430 --> 00:08:21,970
391
+ forming unit ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:21,970 --> 00:08:26,190
395
+ intermediate blast ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุถู‡ ูˆ ู„ุณู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:26,190 --> 00:08:31,060
399
+ precursor ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฏุฌุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:31,060 --> 00:08:36,040
403
+ ุชุจู†ูŠ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุณู„ู‡ุง differentiation and maturation
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:36,040 --> 00:08:41,320
407
+ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mature cell
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:44,780
411
+ ุนู†ุฏ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:44,780 --> 00:08:50,240
415
+ ุงู„ intermediate plus cell ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:53,740
419
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง morphologically recognizable ุชุชุจุงูŠู†
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:00,590 --> 00:09:07,790
423
+ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ุทุจุน ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ู„ุฎุต ู„ู„ cell free ู„ู„
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:07,790 --> 00:09:11,170
427
+ properties of stem cell ุตูุงุช ุงู„ stem cell ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:11,170 --> 00:09:15,590
431
+ cell free ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุซู… Hierarchy Hierarchy
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:15,590 --> 00:09:22,070
435
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุบุตุงู… ู‡ุฑู…ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:22,070 --> 00:09:25,390
439
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจุฏูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:25,390 --> 00:09:29,050
443
+ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏูˆู†ูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูŠู†ุง ููŠ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:29,050 --> 00:09:29,550
447
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:37,400
451
+ ู†ู…ุฑู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ extensive proliferative capacity ูˆุทุจุนุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:40,460
455
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ 16 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:40,460 --> 00:09:46,000
459
+ ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ูŠู† ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:51,080
463
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ุงุช ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ 16 ุฎู„ูŠุฉุณูŠู„ ุณุงูŠูƒู„ status
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:51,080 --> 00:09:55,640
467
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ stem cell ุจุฅู† ุงู„ุณูŠู„ ุณุงูŠูƒู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:55,640 --> 00:10:02,920
471
+ timing is short ุนุดุงู† ุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู‡ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฒูŠ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:06,260
475
+ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ู„ุงุจุฏ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ short time for
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:06,260 --> 00:10:11,480
479
+ production ู†ู…ุฑุฎ ุฎู…ุณุฉ surface marker ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูุฉ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:11,480 --> 00:10:16,590
483
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ maturationูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฎุฑูŠุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:16,590 --> 00:10:22,690
487
+ ุจุชู†ุถุฌุŒ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ุŒ ูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชูƒุชุณุจ ุนู„ู‰
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:22,690 --> 00:10:27,890
491
+ ุณุทุญุฉ Cell Surface Marker ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:27,890 --> 00:10:31,510
495
+ Marker ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุณู„ุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:31,510 --> 00:10:34,550
499
+ differentiationุŒ ุจุชุฏู„ ุชูƒุชุณุจุŒ ุชูƒุชุณุจุŒ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:34,550 --> 00:10:38,210
503
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู€Mature Form ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Full Functioning
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:38,210 --> 00:10:40,350
507
+ CellุŒ Full Functioning Cell
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:46,140 --> 00:10:50,460
511
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชุชูุนู„
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:50,460 --> 00:10:56,700
515
+ ู…ุน ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ุง ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ุงูŠ ุจูŠุฆุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:56,700 --> 00:11:01,120
519
+ ุชุนูŠุด ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ hemopoiesis or
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:01,120 --> 00:11:07,120
523
+ hemopoietic organ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงู†ู†ุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:09,460
527
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ micro environment
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:16,430 --> 00:11:22,130
531
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง stem
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:22,130 --> 00:11:28,110
535
+ cell ู‡ุฐุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชุจูŠู† ู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:28,110 --> 00:11:32,890
539
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณู‡ู… ูŠู†ุทู„ู‚ ู…ู† from left to
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:32,890 --> 00:11:38,830
543
+ right from left to east to right at left ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:38,830 --> 00:11:43,390
547
+ ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุณู„ูุฑูŠู†ูŠูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ capacity is high
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:43,990 --> 00:11:49,670
551
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุถุงุนู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ immature form ู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:49,670 --> 00:11:54,990
555
+ mature form ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ once the cell is mature there is
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:54,990 --> 00:12:01,730
559
+ no cell renewal ุจุชู‚ู„ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:01,730 --> 00:12:05,030
563
+ differentiation ูˆ ุงู„ development ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุชุชุทูˆุฑ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:05,030 --> 00:12:11,790
567
+ ูˆ ุชุตูŠุฑ mature cell ุงู„ figure bุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:11,790 --> 00:12:17,390
571
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ stem cell ูุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ stem
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:17,390 --> 00:12:22,950
575
+ cell ุซู… ุจุชุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง progenitor cell only
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:22,950 --> 00:12:26,290
579
+ recognized by culture ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ culture
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:26,290 --> 00:12:33,980
583
+ media ุซู… recognizable formof cell ูˆุฏู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:33,980 --> 00:12:38,260
587
+ ุงู‚ุฑุง slide ูˆู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:38,260 --> 00:12:42,600
591
+ ุซู… ุงู„ mature form ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุฃูƒู… ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุน
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:42,600 --> 00:12:46,980
595
+ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ุจุงู„ stem cell ุซู… ุงู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:46,980 --> 00:12:52,640
599
+ progenitor cell ุซู… recognizable form of cell ุซู… ุงู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:52,640 --> 00:12:56,420
603
+ mature form of cell
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:59,610 --> 00:13:03,070
607
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ immature ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:03,070 --> 00:13:07,170
611
+ mature ูŠุนู†ูŠ cell progression ุบุงู„ุจุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูƒุชุณุจ ู‡ุฐู‡
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:07,170 --> 00:13:11,730
615
+ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ูู†ู…ุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชูƒุชุณุจ specific cell
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:11,730 --> 00:13:15,890
619
+ marker ู†ู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ marker ูŠุนู†ูŠ function
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:15,890 --> 00:13:21,290
623
+ ุชูƒุชุณุจ receptor ุงู„ adhesion molecule ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูู‚ุฏ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:21,290 --> 00:13:24,850
627
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ adhesion molecule ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:24,850 --> 00:13:29,800
631
+ immature ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู„ุชุตู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ micro environmentูˆ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:29,800 --> 00:13:33,300
635
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ mature ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ุณู„ุฎ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ micro
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:33,300 --> 00:13:37,520
639
+ environment ุซู… chromatin openingsุŒ chromatin ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:37,520 --> 00:13:43,280
643
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูุชุญ by maturation ุซู…
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:43,280 --> 00:13:47,980
647
+ ุงูƒุชุณุงุจู‡ุง ู„ epigenetic transcriptional factor ูˆ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:47,980 --> 00:13:52,780
651
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ proliferative capacity ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ mature
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:52,780 --> 00:13:55,600
655
+ cell is no more proliferative
656
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/iSa5bcNBALs.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2079 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,530 --> 00:00:07,510
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,510 --> 00:00:09,990
7
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ hemopoietic
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,990 --> 00:00:14,830
11
+ malignancy ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acute leukemia ูˆุชุนุฑูŠูุง ุงู„ู€ acute
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:14,830 --> 00:00:18,170
15
+ leukemia ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุชุจุงูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:18,170 --> 00:00:24,190
19
+ malignant disorders ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจู€ uncontrolled clonal
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,190 --> 00:00:26,530
23
+ proliferation and accumulation
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,950 --> 00:00:36,950
27
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow and other tissues ุงู„ุขู†
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:36,950 --> 00:00:41,130
31
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุฎุจุฑุงู† heterogeneous group of
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:41,130 --> 00:00:44,370
35
+ malignant disorders characterized by uncontrolled
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:44,370 --> 00:00:47,530
39
+ clonal proliferation differentiation of
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:47,530 --> 00:00:51,890
43
+ accumulation of poorly differentiated blood cells in
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:51,890 --> 00:00:54,910
47
+ bone marrow and other tissues ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:54,910 --> 00:00:57,170
51
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ replacement of normal bone marrow
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:57,170 --> 00:01:01,830
55
+ elements ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุฅุญู„ุงู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:01,830 --> 00:01:08,450
59
+ by abnormal ุฃูˆ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง neoplastic ุฃูˆ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:08,450 --> 00:01:16,010
63
+ leukemic cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ leukemic cells ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:16,010 --> 00:01:20,410
67
+ ุจุณ ู…ุด is not always ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:20,410 --> 00:01:20,870
71
+ stream
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,840 --> 00:01:27,940
75
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ leukocytosis ููŠ ุงู„ู€
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:27,940 --> 00:01:34,500
79
+ peripheral blood stream ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ููŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:34,500 --> 00:01:38,740
83
+ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood smear ูƒุฅู† ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ ูƒุฅู† ู…ุงุชูˆุฑ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:38,740 --> 00:01:46,220
87
+ cell or leukemic blast cell ู‡ูˆ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:46,220 --> 00:01:50,780
91
+ ุจุงู„ู€ bone marrow failure ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุฅุญู„ุงู„ ู„ู„ู…ุนุธู…
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:50,780 --> 00:01:54,240
95
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ูู†ุฒู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:57,240
99
+ peripheral blood ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุฃ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ failure
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:57,240 --> 00:02:01,540
103
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจุฏุฃ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:01,540 --> 00:02:05,720
107
+ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ..ุดูˆ ุจูŠุจุตูŠู„ุŸ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:05,720 --> 00:02:10,300
111
+ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ leukemic cells ุญู„ุช ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ู€ RBCs
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:10,300 --> 00:02:14,920
115
+ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠู†ูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ infection ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ leukemic
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:14,920 --> 00:02:17,240
119
+ cells ุญู„ุช ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ู€ normal neutrophils
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:17,240 --> 00:02:21,480
123
+ ุซุฑูˆู…ุจูˆุณุงูŠุชูˆุจูŠู†ูŠุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ leukemic cells ุญู„ุช ู…ุญู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:25,120
127
+ ุงู„ู€ platelets ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ thrombocytes ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:25,120 --> 00:02:30,560
131
+ megakaryocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ู‡ุฐู‡
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:30,560 --> 00:02:35,040
135
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู„ูŠุด ู„ู„ู€ leukemic ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ู€ acute
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:43,580
139
+ leukemia ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุตูุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุบุงู„ุจุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:43,580 --> 00:02:47,260
143
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู…ุง choose self ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:47,260 --> 00:02:50,520
147
+ ุตูุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ bone marrow failure ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:50,520 --> 00:02:53,580
151
+ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠู„ูŠุง ุซุฑูˆู…ุจูˆุณุงูŠุชูˆุจูŠู„ูŠุง ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:53,580 --> 00:02:59,720
155
+ ููŠู‡ invading for other tissues ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ tissues
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:03,240
159
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุบุฒูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ reticulum
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:07,180
163
+ endothelial system ูˆู…ุชู…ุซู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ spleen ูˆ liver ูˆ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:07,180 --> 00:03:15,010
167
+ lymph nodes ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุซู†ูŠ ุบุฒูˆู‡ุง ู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:15,010 --> 00:03:19,070
171
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ุฃู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:19,070 --> 00:03:24,070
175
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠุตู„ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุชุนุดุด ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:24,070 --> 00:03:30,850
179
+ ุงู„ุงู…ุงูƒู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงู„ูŠุฌู†ุงู†ุณูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:30,850 --> 00:03:35,570
183
+ if left untreated ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุนุงู„ุฌู†ุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:35,570 --> 00:03:37,690
187
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง eventually causes death
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:47,480
191
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ูƒู„ ูƒู†ุช ุชุนุฑููˆุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:52,300
195
+ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ hemopoietic tree ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ stem
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:52,300 --> 00:03:55,820
199
+ cell ุชู‚ุณู… ูˆ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง lymphoid ูˆ myeloid ูˆ ุงู„ู€
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:55,820 --> 00:03:58,480
203
+ lymphoid ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ B ูˆ ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte ูˆ ุงู„ู€
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:58,480 --> 00:04:00,900
207
+ myeloid ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ other cells ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:00,900 --> 00:04:06,180
211
+ lymphocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ acute leukemia ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุถุฑุจุช
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:06,180 --> 00:04:12,140
215
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ู€ lymphoid progenitor cell ุจุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:12,140 --> 00:04:17,810
219
+ acute lymphoplastic leukemia ูˆุฅุฐุง ุถุฑุจ ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ู€
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:17,810 --> 00:04:21,730
223
+ Myeloid Progenitor Cell ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ Acute
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:21,730 --> 00:04:26,690
227
+ Myelogenous Leukemia ุฃูˆ Myeloid Leukemia ุงู„ู€
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:26,690 --> 00:04:31,470
231
+ Myeloid Maturation ู„ู„ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:31,470 --> 00:04:35,390
235
+ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† Myeloblast 6 different stages
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:35,390 --> 00:04:38,450
239
+ Myeloblast, Promyelocyte, Myelocyte,
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:38,530 --> 00:04:41,990
243
+ Metamyelocyte, Band and Neutrophil ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:41,990 --> 00:04:47,680
247
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Mature Form ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:51,580
251
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ูˆู‚ู ู„ู€ maturation ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:51,580 --> 00:04:56,960
255
+ ุงู„ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ immature ุงู„ุจุฏุฑูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:56,960 --> 00:05:04,640
259
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ูŠุด ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:07,700
263
+ GM-CSF ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ accumulation of blasts in the marrow ูˆ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:07,700 --> 00:05:09,840
267
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ blasts ุฒูŠ ู…ุง .. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:09,840 --> 00:05:14,750
271
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† abnormal cells ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ุญุฌู…
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:14,750 --> 00:05:18,630
275
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:18,630 --> 00:05:22,730
279
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm is .. is .. is .. is a rim or is
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:22,730 --> 00:05:31,910
283
+ slightly decreased ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง still blue to purple
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:31,910 --> 00:05:37,010
287
+ in color ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุทูˆุฑุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:37,010 --> 00:05:39,470
291
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† sign of
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:39,470 --> 00:05:44,520
295
+ immaturity ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ูŠ like nucleoli ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุบูŠุฑ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:50,480
299
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู„ูƒู† it's huge ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:50,480 --> 00:05:53,080
303
+ bone marrow failure ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ neutropenia
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:57,180
307
+ ูˆู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ุง infection ูˆ sepsis ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ neutrophils ู‡ูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:57,180 --> 00:06:02,200
311
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† phagocytic cells ูŠุนู†ูŠ it phagocytizes the
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:05,580
315
+ antigen ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด .. ู…ุงููŠุด neutrophils ู…ุงููŠุด
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:05,580 --> 00:06:10,440
319
+ phagocytosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ infection ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง general
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:14,050
323
+ characteristics ู„ู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ูุชูŠู‚ ูˆุงู„ุจู„ุฑ and
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:14,050 --> 00:06:19,330
327
+ thrombocytopenia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ bleeding ุงู„ู€ incidence of
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:19,330 --> 00:06:24,110
331
+ leukemia ุฏูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒุงู„ุช ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:24,110 --> 00:06:28,650
335
+ ู„ุฃู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:28,650 --> 00:06:35,590
339
+ acute ุจุชู…ุซู„ 50% ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ leukemia ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ acute
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:35,590 --> 00:06:43,530
343
+ lymphoplastic 11% ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acute myelogenous 31% 11% ูˆ 31%
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:43,530 --> 00:06:54,070
347
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 42% ูˆ ุงู„ู€ chronic ุจุฑุถู‡ 50% ุฃูŠ 26% CLL ูˆ 15% CML
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:54,070 --> 00:06:56,750
351
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ 41%
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:59,600 --> 00:07:07,020
355
+ 42% ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acute
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:07,020 --> 00:07:10,720
359
+ leukemia ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง 42% ูˆ ุงู„ู€ chronic leukemia
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:10,720 --> 00:07:15,800
363
+ ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง 41% ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† other
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:15,800 --> 00:07:23,820
367
+ types of leukemia ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฌูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:23,820 --> 00:07:29,620
371
+ ุงู„ู€ acute leukemia ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู€ leukemogenesis
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:29,620 --> 00:07:32,780
375
+ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ genetic alteration within a single
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:32,780 --> 00:07:36,060
379
+ stem cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ stem cell
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:36,060 --> 00:07:40,180
383
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ stem cell ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:40,180 --> 00:07:44,360
387
+ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:44,360 --> 00:07:48,020
391
+ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:48,020 --> 00:07:53,510
395
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุŸ ุฃูˆ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:53,510 --> 00:07:57,070
399
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ mutation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ุชุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:57,070 --> 00:08:00,570
403
+ blockage ููŠ ุงู„ู€ maturation at certain level ูˆูŠูˆู…
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:00,570 --> 00:08:04,890
407
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ mutation ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ maturation ูˆุนู†ุฏ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:04,890 --> 00:08:10,990
411
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:10,990 --> 00:08:14,990
415
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ู‚ุต ูˆ ุชุตู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุชู†ู‚ุต ูˆ ุชุตู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:14,990 --> 00:08:20,800
419
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทุจ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ which means
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:23,500
423
+ ุฅู† ููŠู‡ abnormal regulatory mechanism ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:23,500 --> 00:08:27,960
427
+ ุฅู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ regulation ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ูˆูŠูƒู…ู„ ู„ู„ุงุฎุฑ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:32,940
431
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ any further
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:32,940 --> 00:08:36,260
435
+ proliferation and differentiation ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒุงู„ุช
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:36,260 --> 00:08:41,010
439
+ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ู„ุงุฒุงู„ุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฃูŠู‡ ุจุฌุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:41,010 --> 00:08:44,490
443
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ stem cell ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ genetic
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:44,490 --> 00:08:48,790
447
+ mutation ุนู…ู„ุช blockage ููŠ ุงู„ู€ maturation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:48,790 --> 00:08:51,110
451
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ there is no more proliferation and
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:51,110 --> 00:08:54,170
455
+ differentiation but still it has the ability to
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:54,170 --> 00:08:58,270
459
+ divide ุงู„ู€ division successive mitotic division
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:58,270 --> 00:09:03,700
463
+ continuous division ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฏุฌุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:03,700 --> 00:09:09,340
467
+ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ production of clonal population ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:09,340 --> 00:09:16,700
471
+ clonal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู†ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠ clonal population
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:16,700 --> 00:09:23,680
475
+ which once it's sufficient ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒุงููŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:23,680 --> 00:09:30,000
479
+ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ a clonal mass ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒูˆู† mass has been
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:34,490
483
+ achieved ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Clinical
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:34,490 --> 00:09:39,210
487
+ Manifestation of Disease ุฅุฐุง ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:39,210 --> 00:09:42,920
491
+ Mutation ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ Stem Cell ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ mutation
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:42,920 --> 00:09:46,120
495
+ ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจู€ blockage ููŠ ุงู„ู€ maturation ุจุทู„ุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:49,680
499
+ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ any proliferation and differentiation
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:49,680 --> 00:09:53,740
503
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง still has the ability to divide ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:53,740 --> 00:09:58,400
507
+ continuous division ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† mass of
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:58,400 --> 00:10:03,160
511
+ the same cells ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง clonal population ุฃูŠ cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:03,160 --> 00:10:07,120
515
+ ูˆู‚ูุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ maturation ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ mass ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:07,120 --> 00:10:10,480
519
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ clinical manifestation of the disease
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:14,890 --> 00:10:19,290
523
+ ูุณู‘ุฑูˆุง ุฃูˆ ู„ุฎุตูˆุง ุงู„ู€ Leukemogenesis ุงู„ู€ Leukemogenesis
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:19,290 --> 00:10:22,710
527
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ุฎุตูˆู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ loss of
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:22,710 --> 00:10:27,250
531
+ function ู„ู€ transcriptional factors ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ูู‚ุฏู†ุง
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:27,250 --> 00:10:30,190
535
+ ุงู„ู€ differentiation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:30,190 --> 00:10:35,370
539
+ ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ anymore ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:35,370 --> 00:10:38,630
543
+ certain transcriptional factors ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆููŠู‡
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:38,630 --> 00:10:42,770
547
+ transcriptional factors ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:42,770 --> 00:10:46,730
551
+ differentiation ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ gain of
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:46,730 --> 00:10:51,970
555
+ function gain of function ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ limitation ุงู‡ ุดูˆ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:51,970 --> 00:10:57,010
559
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ tyrosine kinases ุจุชู†ุดุท ูˆุจุฑุถู‡
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:57,010 --> 00:11:02,090
563
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ transcriptional factor ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ู€
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:02,090 --> 00:11:05,210
567
+ proliferation ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ููŠุด differentiation ู„ูƒู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:05,210 --> 00:11:10,050
571
+ ููŠ proliferation ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ acute leukemia
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:12,920 --> 00:11:17,540
575
+ by animation ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ู‡
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:17,540 --> 00:11:21,180
579
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฌุงู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุญ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ ู‡ูŠ state number one
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:21,180 --> 00:11:25,040
583
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ normal ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง white ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง RBC ููŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:25,040 --> 00:11:31,000
587
+ Platelet ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ white ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ RBC ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:35,580
591
+ Platelet ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ state
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:35,580 --> 00:11:39,600
595
+ number two ุตุงุฑ ููŠ symptoms ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ู„ูŠุด ุฌุงู„ู‡ ู„ุฅู†ู‡
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:39,600 --> 00:11:45,270
599
+ ุงู†ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ู€ White Blood Cell ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุญู„ู„ ู„ู„ู€ Normal
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:45,270 --> 00:11:50,110
603
+ White Blood Cell ุงู„ู€ White Blood Cell ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุญู„ู„ ู„ู„ู€
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:50,110 --> 00:11:50,970
607
+ Cell ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุญู„ู„ ู„ู„ู€ Normal White Blood Cell ุงู„ู€
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:50,970 --> 00:11:50,990
611
+ White Blood Cell ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุญู„ู„ ู„ู„ู€ Normal White Blood
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:50,990 --> 00:11:51,150
615
+ Cell ุงู„ู€ White Blood Cell ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุญู„ู„ ู„ู„ู€ Normal
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:51,150 --> 00:11:51,230
619
+ White Blood Cell ุงู„ู€ White Blood Cell ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุญู„ู„ ู„ู„ู€
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:51,230 --> 00:11:52,410
623
+ Normal White Blood Cell ุงู„ู€ White Blood Cell ุจุฏุฃ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:52,410 --> 00:11:54,080
627
+ ูŠุญู„ู„ ู„ู„ู€ Normal White Blood Cell ุงู„ู€ White ูˆ ุงู„ู€
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:54,080 --> 00:12:01,020
631
+ blood stream ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ symptoms
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:01,020 --> 00:12:04,720
635
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุทุจุนุง diagnosis ู„ู…ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุฉ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:04,720 --> 00:12:09,220
639
+ blood cell ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† abnormal ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† blast
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:09,220 --> 00:12:13,200
643
+ ุฃูˆ leukemic cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:19,300
647
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† infection ู…ุง ููŠุด
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:19,300 --> 00:12:23,840
651
+ neutrophil ู…ุง ููŠุด infectionูŠุนู†ูŠ at least ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:23,840 --> 00:12:28,040
655
+ ู…ู† infection ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† other conditions ุฒูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:28,040 --> 00:12:30,940
659
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆThrombocytopenia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุฌุซ ูŠู†ุฎุด
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:30,940 --> 00:12:35,540
663
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ bone marrow failure ุทุจุนุง
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:35,540 --> 00:12:38,480
667
+ stage number four ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ worsening ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:38,480 --> 00:12:42,120
671
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุตุงุฑุช more severe ุซุฑู…ุจูˆcytopenia ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:45,480
675
+ ู…ุง ููŠุด Platelet ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒู„ ูˆู‚ุช blood cell ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:45,480 --> 00:12:50,010
679
+ leukemic cell ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:50,010 --> 00:12:53,950
683
+ stage number five a ุฃูˆ b ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:53,950 --> 00:12:58,250
687
+ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ุง ููŠุด ูˆู„ุง ูˆุฑ ุจูŠ ุณูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆุฃู…ุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:58,250 --> 00:13:03,330
691
+ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† infection ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:03,330 --> 00:13:08,570
695
+ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ุจุจุฏุฃ ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:08,570 --> 00:13:14,170
699
+ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูˆูŠุชุดุฎุต laboratory evaluation
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:15,030 --> 00:13:21,130
703
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:21,130 --> 00:13:26,430
707
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ุถุฑุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Immature cells ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุจู…ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:26,430 --> 00:13:32,070
711
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ blast ูˆุงู„ู€ promyelocytes ูˆุงู„ู€ promonocytes ูƒู„ู‡ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:32,070 --> 00:13:36,790
715
+ Pro ูŠุนู†ูŠ Immature ูˆุดุฑุท ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุนู†
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:36,790 --> 00:13:42,530
719
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ bone marrow elements ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:42,530 --> 00:13:47,720
723
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Immature cells ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:50,920
727
+ ุจู…ุนุฏู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:50,920 --> 00:13:58,140
731
+ 30% ูู…ุง ููˆู‚ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุฏุฏ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:58,140 --> 00:14:01,640
735
+ ุงู„ู€ cell lineage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุถุฑุจุช
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:01,640 --> 00:14:06,400
739
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ leukemic cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:09,760
743
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:09,760 --> 00:14:13,040
747
+ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:14,240 --> 00:14:19,320
751
+ ูˆุนุดุงู† ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ lymphoid ุจุฏู†ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:19,320 --> 00:14:22,280
755
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ acute lymphoblastic leukemia ูˆู„ูˆ myeloid
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:22,280 --> 00:14:25,680
759
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ acute myelogenous leukemia ูˆุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:25,680 --> 00:14:28,580
763
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ immature cell ููŠ ุงู„ู€
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:28,580 --> 00:14:34,100
767
+ bone marrow ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 30% ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠู ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:34,100 --> 00:14:37,680
771
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:37,680 --> 00:14:40,480
775
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠ normocytic
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:45,090
779
+ normochromicูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ decrease ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Platelet
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:45,090 --> 00:14:50,050
783
+ ู‚ู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Thrombocytopenia ุจุณ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:50,050 --> 00:14:54,470
787
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ white blood cell ุจุชูƒูˆู† variable ูˆ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:54,470 --> 00:14:59,510
791
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:59,510 --> 00:15:03,350
795
+ ุงู„ู€ white blood cell ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:04,040 --> 00:15:07,980
799
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃูˆ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ white blood cell ููŠ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:07,980 --> 00:15:11,680
803
+ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:11,680 --> 00:15:16,960
807
+ ู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฌุงู„ูˆุง ุฃู…ุง Leukemic Leukemia ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:16,960 --> 00:15:23,560
811
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ white blood cell ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ blast ุฃูˆ sub
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:23,560 --> 00:15:27,220
815
+ -leukemic Leukemia ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ููŠู‡ blast ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ููŠุด ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:27,220 --> 00:15:33,090
819
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ white blood cell ุฃูˆ E-leukemic Leukemia ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:33,090 --> 00:15:36,830
823
+ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ white blood cell and there is no blast ู„ูƒู†
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:36,830 --> 00:15:40,150
827
+ still ู„ูˆ ูุญุตุช ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:40,150 --> 00:15:44,490
831
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠูƒ cell ูŠุจู‚ู‰ according to the
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:44,490 --> 00:15:47,330
835
+ presence of ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠูƒ cell in the peripheral blood
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:47,330 --> 00:15:50,370
839
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ acute Leukemia ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน Leukemic
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:50,370 --> 00:15:56,570
843
+ ูˆุณุจ leukemic ูˆุฅูŠ leukemic ุงู„ู€ classification of
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:56,570 --> 00:15:58,470
847
+ immature cells
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:01,330 --> 00:16:03,950
851
+ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠู‡ done by the following ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:03,950 --> 00:16:07,950
855
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุฎุต ูƒูŠู ุจู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† image or cell
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:07,950 --> 00:16:12,950
859
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ morphology ูˆุจุฏู‡ ููŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:12,950 --> 00:16:15,950
863
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ morphology ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ experienced
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:15,950 --> 00:16:20,250
867
+ morphologist ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุญุงูุธ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุถุงู‡ูŠ ุฎุตุต
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:20,720 --> 00:16:25,160
871
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฌุงู„ูˆุง ูŠุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุขุชูŠุฉุŒ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:25,160 --> 00:16:28,200
875
+ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ the size of a blast ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุดุฎุต
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:31,660
879
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ุขุชูŠุฉุŒ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ the size of
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:31,660 --> 00:16:35,500
883
+ a blastุŒ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† the amount of cytoplasmุŒ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:35,500 --> 00:16:39,730
887
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ nuclear chromatin patternู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ The
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:39,730 --> 00:16:45,150
891
+ Presence of Nucleoli ูˆ The Presence of Auer Rod
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:45,150 --> 00:16:49,770
895
+ Body Auer Rod Body ุชุนุฑูŠูุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Pink
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:49,770 --> 00:16:55,350
899
+ Staining Splinter Shaped ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ Splinter ูŠุนู†ูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:55,350 --> 00:17:00,950
903
+ ุดุบูŠุฉ Splinter Shaped ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุดุบูŠุฉ Inclusion ูˆูŠู†
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:00,950 --> 00:17:05,250
907
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ rod ุทุจุนุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:05,250 --> 00:17:11,670
911
+ ุงู„ู€ Cytoplasm ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† alignment ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ู…ู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:11,670 --> 00:17:15,130
915
+ ุงู„ู€ primary granules ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:15,130 --> 00:17:22,030
919
+ myeloproliferative process ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:22,030 --> 00:17:26,170
923
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ morphologistุŸ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณ ุดุบู„ุงุช
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:26,170 --> 00:17:29,810
927
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ size of blast ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:29,810 --> 00:17:33,590
931
+ amount of cytoplasm ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุงู„ู€ nuclear
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:33,590 --> 00:17:38,550
935
+ chromatin material ุฅูŠุด ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ุงุชูŠู†ุŸ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:38,550 --> 00:17:42,110
939
+ ู„ู€ Presence of Nucleoli in Nucleus ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:42,110 --> 00:17:46,490
943
+ ู„ู€ Presence of Auer Rod Body Presence of Auer Rod
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:46,490 --> 00:17:50,250
947
+ Body ุฎู…ุณ ุดุบู„ุงุช ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Morphologist ู…ู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:50,250 --> 00:17:55,090
951
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ูŠุญูƒู… This is a Leukemic or
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:55,090 --> 00:18:01,790
955
+ Immature Cell or Not ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:01,790 --> 00:18:08,370
959
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ Myeloblast ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ immature ุฃูˆ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:08,370 --> 00:18:13,990
963
+ ุงู„ู’ู…ูŽุฑู’ุญูŽู„ูŽุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง still immature ุทูŠุจ ุดูˆ ุดูƒู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:13,990 --> 00:18:17,210
967
+ ุงู„ู€ blastุŸ ุงู„ู€ myeloblast ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ myeloblast ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:17,210 --> 00:18:24,230
971
+ ุนู† large blast with moderate amount of cytoplasm ูˆ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:24,230 --> 00:18:27,950
975
+ ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ fine lacy chromatin ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ู€ chromatin
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:27,950 --> 00:18:34,510
979
+ is lacyุŒ homogeneous and prominent nuclei ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:34,510 --> 00:18:42,870
983
+ nucleus ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ ูˆุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 10 ู„ 40% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:42,870 --> 00:18:47,770
987
+ myeloblast ุจูŠุญุชูˆูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ููŠู‡ู… Auer rod body
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:47,770 --> 00:18:54,070
991
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ myeloblast ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:54,070 --> 00:18:58,870
995
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฑู†ู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุงุฑุจุณูŠุฒ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ nucleus ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:58,870 --> 00:19:04,540
999
+ ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุณูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:04,540 --> 00:19:09,000
1003
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู„ุซ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฑุฏ ุจุถูŠุนูŠ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆููŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:12,680
1007
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:12,680 --> 00:19:15,040
1011
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ chromatic material ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:15,040 --> 00:19:18,900
1015
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุนู†ุฉ homogeneous it's not coarse it's
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:18,900 --> 00:19:25,100
1019
+ soft ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทูŠุจ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:25,100 --> 00:19:31,600
1023
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุดูˆู ุชุนุฑูŠู ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:31,600 --> 00:19:33,800
1027
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:34,960
1031
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:34,960 --> 00:19:37,920
1035
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:40,980
1039
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:40,980 --> 00:19:41,740
1043
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:41,740 --> 00:19:41,820
1047
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:41,820 --> 00:19:42,480
1051
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:42,480 --> 00:19:42,500
1055
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:42,500 --> 00:19:45,020
1059
+ ุงู„ ุงู„
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:56,350 --> 00:20:00,410
1063
+ and indistinct in nucleoli ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุง ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:00,410 --> 00:20:04,970
1067
+ ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุดูŠูˆูุฉ and there is no Auer rod body ุทุจุนุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:04,970 --> 00:20:09,970
1071
+ ุงู„ู€ Auer rod body ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lymphoblast ุจุชู†ุดูุด ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:09,970 --> 00:20:13,490
1075
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ primary granules ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:13,490 --> 00:20:19,390
1079
+ lymphoblast ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† a granular cell ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:19,390 --> 00:20:22,910
1083
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูˆุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ lymphoblast
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:22,910 --> 00:20:24,450
1087
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:27,300 --> 00:20:35,020
1091
+ ูˆู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ุงุฌุชู…ุน
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:35,020 --> 00:20:40,700
1095
+ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ French ู…ู† ูุฑู†ุณุง ูˆุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูˆ British
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:40,700 --> 00:20:45,700
1099
+ Scientists ูˆุณู…ูˆุง ุญุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ FAB Group FAB ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:45,700 --> 00:20:51,160
1103
+ French American British Group and
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:51,160 --> 00:20:56,680
1107
+ these are experts of hematologist ุงุดุชุฑูƒูˆุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:57,590 --> 00:21:04,550
1111
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ classification ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุงุชูู‚ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ definite
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:04,550 --> 00:21:10,510
1115
+ criteria for acute classification ูˆ acute leukemia
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:10,510 --> 00:21:21,040
1119
+ ูƒูŠู ุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงุจูˆุง ูƒู„ ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุจุฏูˆุง
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:21,040 --> 00:21:24,900
1123
+ ูŠุนุฏู‘ูˆุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง differential ุจุณ ุจุฏู„ ุฃู† ูŠุนุฏู‘ูˆุง 100
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:24,900 --> 00:21:33,260
1127
+ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุนุฏู‘ูˆุง 200 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ double
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:33,260 --> 00:21:37,640
1131
+ differential ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ู… ุฌุงุจูˆุง ููŠู‡ู… 200 ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:37,640 --> 00:21:40,960
1135
+ leukemia ูˆุจุฏุฃูˆุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ differential ุจุณ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:40,960 --> 00:21:46,160
1139
+ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุนุฏู‘ูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง 200 ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:46,160 --> 00:21:48,560
1143
+ morphology ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ differential ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:48,960 --> 00:21:51,880
1147
+ ูˆุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุนุชู…ุฏูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:51,880 --> 00:21:57,200
1151
+ cytochemistry ุจุฏุฃูˆุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง stain ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุช
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:57,200 --> 00:22:00,080
1155
+ distinguish between myeloid ูˆ lymphoid ูุฌุฃุฉ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:00,080 --> 00:22:07,800
1159
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ myeloproxidase ูˆ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู†ูŠ black ูˆ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:07,800 --> 00:22:11,820
1163
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุฏูˆู†ุฉ positive ููŠ ุงู„ myeloid ูˆ negative ููŠ ุงู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:11,820 --> 00:22:17,420
1167
+ lymphoid ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุงุนุฏุช ูˆุงุดุชุบู„ุช ุนู…ู„ุช
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:17,420 --> 00:22:22,620
1171
+ differential ู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุชูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:22,620 --> 00:22:25,880
1175
+ differential ูˆ .. ุตุจุบูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง differential
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:25,880 --> 00:22:31,040
1179
+ ูˆุงุดุชุบู„ูˆุง cytochemistry ูŠุนู†ูŠ specialists ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุงู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:31,040 --> 00:22:35,800
1183
+ differential ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุนุฏู‘ูˆุง 200 ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนุฏู‘ู‡ุง
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:35,800 --> 00:22:39,700
1187
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ French American British ุนุดุงู†
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:39,700 --> 00:22:43,680
1191
+ ูŠุชุฃูƒู‘ุฏูˆุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุงููˆู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:51,680
1195
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ cytochemistry ุฃูˆ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:51,680 --> 00:22:56,140
1199
+ ุงู„ specialists ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตุจุบูˆุง ุงู„ myeloprexidase ูˆ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:56,140 --> 00:22:59,900
1203
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ุจู„ุงูƒ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู…ูŠู‘ุฒูˆุง ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:59,900 --> 00:23:04,780
1207
+ myeloid ูˆ ุงู„ lymphoid ูˆุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:04,780 --> 00:23:08,340
1211
+ ู„ู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดูู†ุงู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ุฌุงุจ ู„ูƒ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:08,340 --> 00:23:11,300
1215
+ ููŠู‡ acute leukemia ูˆ chronic leukemia ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูู‚ุจ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:11,300 --> 00:23:15,660
1219
+ myeloid ูˆ lymphoid ูˆุทู„ุนูˆุง ุจู€ 8 ุฃู†ูˆุงุน myeloid ูˆ 3
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:15,660 --> 00:23:19,280
1223
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน lymphoid ูˆู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ู„ู€ chronic
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:24,140
1227
+ leukemia ู„ูƒู† ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู† ุงู„ acute leukemia
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:24,140 --> 00:23:29,880
1231
+ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ lymphoid ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:29,880 --> 00:23:35,010
1235
+ ุงู„ lymphoid ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ 3 ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูˆุฑู…ุฒูˆุง ู„ู‡ ุจู€ L lymphoid
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:35,010 --> 00:23:41,150
1239
+ number ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูุฌุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ L ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:41,150 --> 00:23:45,790
1243
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุชู…ูŠู‘ุฒ ุจู€ homogenous
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:45,790 --> 00:23:49,430
1247
+ homogenous ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ population of a small
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:49,430 --> 00:23:54,550
1251
+ lymphoblast ูˆ this lymphoblast has scanty
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:23:54,550 --> 00:23:59,750
1255
+ cytoplasm ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง cytoplasm and scanty nucleoli ู…ุง
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:23:59,750 --> 00:24:06,110
1259
+ ุจุชุดุงู‡ุฏ ููŠู‡ุง nucleoli ูˆุงู„ู€ nucleus occasionally
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:06,110 --> 00:24:13,650
1263
+ clifted ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุดู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ nucleus ุซู…
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:13,650 --> 00:24:16,770
1267
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ heterogeneous population
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:24:16,770 --> 00:24:26,530
1271
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ population ู…ุชุจุงูŠู† ุฅุดูŠ large ูˆุฅุดูŠ small ู…ุงุดูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:24:26,530 --> 00:24:28,990
1275
+ of large lymphoplast
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:24:31,820 --> 00:24:35,640
1279
+ with moderately abundant ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:41,500
1283
+ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุงู„ nucleus are commonly
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:24:41,500 --> 00:24:46,360
1287
+ intended or eclifted ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:46,360 --> 00:24:52,060
1291
+ ุงู„ nucleus ู…ุดู‚ูˆู‚ุฉ ุซู… ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:24:52,060 --> 00:24:56,360
1295
+ percates ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง percates type ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ homogeneous
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:24:56,360 --> 00:25:00,410
1299
+ population ูู‚ุท of large lymphoblast ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:25:00,410 --> 00:25:06,510
1303
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูู‚ุท with prominent ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ููŠู‡ุง nucleoli ูˆุงู„
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:25:06,510 --> 00:25:11,350
1307
+ cytoplasm ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† deeply basophilic and
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:11,350 --> 00:25:17,190
1311
+ vaculated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ vacuoles ููŠ ุงู„ cytoplasm ูˆ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:17,190 --> 00:25:23,910
1315
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ู…ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ myeloid ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:25:23,910 --> 00:25:28,590
1319
+ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฃู… ุฒูŠุฑูˆ according to the
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:25:28,590 --> 00:25:34,690
1323
+ maturation ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฃู… ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุงู… ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:25:34,690 --> 00:25:38,830
1327
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุตุงุฑุช ู„ู‡ุง mutation ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:25:38,830 --> 00:25:44,050
1331
+ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ุงู„ .. ุนุงู…ู„ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:25:44,050 --> 00:25:49,350
1335
+ primal granules ูุดุฎุตูˆู‡ุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:25:49,350 --> 00:25:52,990
1339
+ by electron microscopy ูƒูŠูุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:25:52,990 --> 00:25:57,290
1343
+ ultra structural myeloproxenase activity ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:25:57,290 --> 00:26:02,230
1347
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ myeloperoxidase enzyme
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:26:02,230 --> 00:26:07,210
1351
+ ูˆุดููˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุฎุตูˆู‡ุง by
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:26:07,210 --> 00:26:12,390
1355
+ immunophenotyping immunophenotyping ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:26:12,390 --> 00:26:21,190
1359
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ู†ุธุงู… ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:26:21,190 --> 00:26:27,810
1363
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:26:27,810 --> 00:26:30,550
1367
+ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุฃูˆ whatever ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:26:30,550 --> 00:26:36,110
1371
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูƒู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:26:36,110 --> 00:26:40,950
1375
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูƒูŠู ุนุฑููˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ ุฑุงุญูˆุง
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:26:40,950 --> 00:26:50,290
1379
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง antibody ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆูุนู„ูˆุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:26:50,290 --> 00:26:55,080
1383
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ antibody ู…ุน ุงู„ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:26:55,080 --> 00:26:58,120
1387
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ antibody ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:26:58,120 --> 00:27:03,360
1391
+ positive for this molecule ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ molecules
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:27:03,360 --> 00:27:07,600
1395
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ monoclonal
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:12,020
1399
+ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆู‘ู†ูˆู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุนุดุงู† ูŠุณู‡ู‘ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:27:12,020 --> 00:27:18,140
1403
+ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฑุงุญูˆุง ูŠุฏู‘ูˆู‡ุง ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ูˆุฑู…ุฒูˆุง ู„ู‡ุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:27:18,140 --> 00:27:23,450
1407
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุจู€ CD ุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ุง cluster of
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:27:23,450 --> 00:27:27,710
1411
+ differentiation CD ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ CD ุฑู‚ู… ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ CD ุฑู‚ู…
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:27:27,710 --> 00:27:33,950
1415
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ CD ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ monoclonal
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:27:33,950 --> 00:27:38,230
1419
+ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน certain molecule ุนู„ู‰
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:27:38,230 --> 00:27:43,170
1423
+ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ certain ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ molecules
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:27:43,170 --> 00:27:47,350
1427
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุŸ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุฑู‚ู…ูˆู‡ุง ูˆุฃุนุทูˆู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:27:47,350 --> 00:27:52,660
1431
+ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ 400 different monoclonal
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:27:52,660 --> 00:27:56,160
1435
+ antibodies that are being used ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠู†ุง ููˆู‚
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:27:56,160 --> 00:28:03,800
1439
+ ุงู„ู€ 400 different CD ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุง ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:09,080
1443
+ immuno ุญุทู‘ูˆุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ immuno ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… monoclonal
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:28:09,080 --> 00:28:14,400
1447
+ antibody antibody ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ููŠู†ู‡ typing ููŠู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:23,540
1451
+ ุณุทุญ typing ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ typing ู…ู†
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:28:23,540 --> 00:28:30,860
1455
+ type ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน typing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุญุต
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:28:30,860 --> 00:28:38,920
1459
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠ immunophenotyping ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:28:38,920 --> 00:28:42,920
1463
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ nutrition ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุจูƒุฑ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:28:42,920 --> 00:28:47,370
1467
+ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู„ maturation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ู€ Primary
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:28:47,370 --> 00:28:51,390
1471
+ Granules ู„ู… ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุจุนุฏ ุฃูˆ ู„ุณู‡ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ุง ูุจุฏุฃูˆุง
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:28:51,390 --> 00:28:57,210
1475
+ ูŠุจุญุซูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Myeloproxidase in trace amount ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:28:57,210 --> 00:29:02,470
1479
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ in trace amount ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฏุฑุณูˆุง ุงูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:29:02,470 --> 00:29:06,830
1483
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆู…ูŠุฒูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:29:06,830 --> 00:29:13,900
1487
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ M0 ุซู… M1 ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:29:13,900 --> 00:29:17,660
1491
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ acute myelogenous leukemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:29:17,660 --> 00:29:20,940
1495
+ without maturation ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† monomorphic
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:29:20,940 --> 00:29:25,080
1499
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง mono ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญุฏู‰ morphic ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงุญุฏู‰
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:29:25,080 --> 00:29:29,680
1503
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ blast ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ with one or
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:29:29,680 --> 00:29:34,580
1507
+ more distinct nuclei ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฐ body occasionally
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:29:34,580 --> 00:29:40,310
1511
+ seen ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ู€ Primary Grants ุชูƒูˆู†ุช ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:29:40,310 --> 00:29:43,410
1515
+ ู„ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฑูŠูƒุฒูŠุฏูŠุฒ ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠูˆุชูŠุชูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:29:43,410 --> 00:29:47,770
1519
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† at least a three percent ู„ุณุงุชู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:29:47,770 --> 00:29:54,130
1523
+ ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู€ M2 ู‡ูŠ acute myelogenous
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:29:54,130 --> 00:29:57,270
1527
+ leukemia with maturation ุงู„ู€ with maturation ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:29:57,270 --> 00:30:01,510
1531
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ maturation
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:30:01,510 --> 00:30:06,890
1535
+ steps ูู†ุดูˆู ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ myeloplast ูˆ pro
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:30:06,890 --> 00:30:12,410
1539
+ myelocyte ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ single or odd body seen ู„ูƒู†
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:30:12,410 --> 00:30:16,050
1543
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ this plastic this ูŠุนู†ูŠ abnormal plastic
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:30:16,050 --> 00:30:22,110
1547
+ ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉ myeloid differentiation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง myeloid
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:30:22,380 --> 00:30:34,240
1551
+ ู…ุดูˆู‡ุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠ may be present ุทูŠุจ M3 ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡ุง ุจู€ APL ูˆ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:30:34,240 --> 00:30:38,860
1555
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู„ู€ acute promyelocytic leukemia ูˆู…ู†
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:30:38,860 --> 00:30:41,960
1559
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… promyelocytes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:30:41,960 --> 00:30:46,320
1563
+ myeloblast ู…ุงุดูŠ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ dominant ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:30:46,320 --> 00:30:49,940
1567
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ maturation ูˆุฌู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:30:49,940 --> 00:30:53,230
1571
+ promyelocytes ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† heavy
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:30:53,230 --> 00:30:57,930
1575
+ azorophobic granules ูŠุนู†ูŠ primary granules ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:30:57,930 --> 00:31:03,250
1579
+ granules ุจุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ bundle ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฒู…
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:31:03,250 --> 00:31:08,810
1583
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ aour root body ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง confirm the diagnosis
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:31:08,810 --> 00:31:17,490
1587
+ ูŠุคูƒุฏ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ูˆููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ุฃู†
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:31:17,490 --> 00:31:20,430
1591
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ bromiocyte ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:31:20,430 --> 00:31:21,170
1595
+ myeloblast
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:31:23,510 --> 00:31:27,950
1599
+ ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ micro granular
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:31:27,950 --> 00:31:34,770
1603
+ variant ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ M3V ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู‡ูˆ acute
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:31:34,770 --> 00:31:41,830
1607
+ myelomonoplastic leukemia ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฒูŠ M2 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:31:41,830 --> 00:31:46,750
1611
+ differentiation ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจู†ุดูˆู monocyte ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:31:46,750 --> 00:31:51,180
1615
+ monoplastic ูุจู†ุดูˆู ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 20% ู…ู† ู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:31:51,180 --> 00:31:57,860
1619
+ ูˆ ุจุฑูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุณุงูŠุชุณ ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุณุงูŠุชุณ ุฎู…ุณุฉ M5 ู‡ูˆ acute
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:31:57,860 --> 00:32:05,140
1623
+ monoplastic leukemia ูˆู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† M5A ูˆ M5B ุงู„ู€
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:32:05,140 --> 00:32:10,560
1627
+ M5A ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 80% ู…ู† ู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูู‚ุท poorly
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:32:10,560 --> 00:32:18,540
1631
+ differentiated ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ุง ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ M5B ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง 80%
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:32:18,540 --> 00:32:21,720
1635
+ ูู…ุง ููˆู‚ ู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:32:21,720 --> 00:32:22,760
1639
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:32:22,760 --> 00:32:26,040
1643
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:32:26,040 --> 00:32:26,140
1647
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:32:26,140 --> 00:32:36,960
1651
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆุจู„ุงุณุช ูˆู…ูˆู†ูˆ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:32:36,960 --> 00:32:43,080
1655
+ ุจู„ุงุณุช
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:32:43,080 --> 00:32:49,260
1659
+ ูˆู…ุจุฒุงุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุชุธู… this plastic ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุดูˆู‡
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:32:49,260 --> 00:32:54,800
1663
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ nucleated RBCs with multi nucleated form
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:32:54,800 --> 00:32:58,860
1667
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† nucleus ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ RBCs ูˆููŠู‡ุง
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:32:58,860 --> 00:33:03,760
1671
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ nucleus ุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:33:03,760 --> 00:33:07,120
1675
+ ุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู†
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:33:07,120 --> 00:33:10,160
1679
+ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู†
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:33:10,160 --> 00:33:12,060
1683
+ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู†
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:33:12,060 --> 00:33:14,640
1687
+ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู†
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:33:14,640 --> 00:33:16,420
1691
+ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:33:16,420 --> 00:33:19,480
1695
+ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู†
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:33:19,480 --> 00:33:27,520
1699
+ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ ุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุฌูŠู†ุฌ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:33:27,520 --> 00:33:31,720
1703
+ ุงูƒูŠูˆุช ู…ูŠุฌุง ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:33:31,720 --> 00:33:35,960
1707
+ ููŠุจุฑูˆุณูŠุณ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ู…ุฑ ูุจุชุนู…ู„
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:33:35,960 --> 00:33:39,440
1711
+ ููŠุจุฑูˆุณูŠุณ ู„ู„ุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู…ุฑ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† heterogeneous plus
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:33:39,440 --> 00:33:44,020
1715
+ population ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ cytoplasmic blebs blebs
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:33:44,020 --> 00:33:48,000
1719
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุงุนู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… ูˆุงู„ platelet
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:51,860
1723
+ peroxidase activity is positive ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:33:51,860 --> 00:33:56,840
1727
+ enzyme ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุณุจุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:33:56,840 --> 00:34:01,320
1731
+ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ non lymphoplastic leukemia ุงูˆ ุงู„
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:34:01,320 --> 00:34:08,040
1735
+ acute myelogenous ุงูˆ myeloid leukemia ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:34:08,040 --> 00:34:11,800
1739
+ ู†ุทุงู„ุน ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุฑุญุชู‡ุง ุจุณ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:34:11,800 --> 00:34:16,820
1743
+ ุจู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:34:16,820 --> 00:34:23,680
1747
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒุงุชู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฒูŠ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:34:23,680 --> 00:34:31,760
1751
+ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ุจุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ this is the
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:34:31,760 --> 00:34:37,430
1755
+ most common ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฌู†ูˆุฒ ุชุจุนู‡ุง
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:34:37,430 --> 00:34:41,230
1759
+ is best ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑูˆุฌู†ูˆุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูŠ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:34:41,230 --> 00:34:46,970
1763
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ is best ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:34:46,970 --> 00:34:50,850
1767
+ ูŠุดูู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุดูู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ cell size is
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:34:50,850 --> 00:34:54,470
1771
+ small fine or clumped homogeneous nuclear
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:34:54,470 --> 00:35:00,030
1775
+ chromatin ูˆููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ู„ ุงูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ nucleoli
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:35:01,190 --> 00:35:07,950
1779
+ ูˆุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุงุฏูŠ ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ู…ุญุทู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:35:07,950 --> 00:35:13,090
1783
+ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุฉ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… ุณูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุน ุงุชูุงู‚ุงุช ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:35:13,090 --> 00:35:21,850
1787
+ ุจุงุฒูˆููŠู„ูŠุง ูˆูุฌูˆุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุง most
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:35:21,850 --> 00:35:25,950
1791
+ frequent ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ูŠู†ููˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:35:25,950 --> 00:35:32,310
1795
+ adult ุงู„ cell size is large ูˆ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุฌู†ุงุณ ู…ุชุจุงูŠู†ุฉ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:35:32,310 --> 00:35:35,750
1799
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ variable chromatin a prominent nucleoli
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:35:35,750 --> 00:35:41,670
1803
+ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ is irregular clifting and indented
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:35:41,670 --> 00:35:43,550
1807
+ commonly seen
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:35:48,340 --> 00:35:54,320
1811
+ ุจูƒูˆู† abundant ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ููŠ ุจุงุฒูˆููŠู„ูŠุง
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:35:54,320 --> 00:35:59,700
1815
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง variable ูˆู…ุฑุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† deep and vacuums are
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:35:59,700 --> 00:36:06,100
1819
+ variable ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุณุงูŠู… ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:36:06,100 --> 00:36:10,400
1823
+ ู…ุดู‚ู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุณ ู‡ุฏุงูŠ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุณ ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ูƒู„
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:36:10,400 --> 00:36:17,330
1827
+ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… very scanty ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู‡ูŠ ูˆู‡ู†ุง
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:36:17,330 --> 00:36:23,110
1831
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุดู‚ูˆู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ homogeneous population
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:36:23,110 --> 00:36:31,110
1835
+ of chromatic material nucleus nuclei is indistinct
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:36:31,110 --> 00:36:37,690
1839
+ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทุจุนุง purple
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:36:37,690 --> 00:36:43,230
1843
+ deep purple and color ูˆู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ุงูŠ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:36:43,230 --> 00:36:46,880
1847
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† childhood acute lymphoblastic
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:36:46,880 --> 00:36:55,200
1851
+ leukemia ู…ุงุดูŠ it has high nucleocytoplasmic ratio
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:36:55,200 --> 00:36:59,140
1855
+ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ high nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:36:59,140 --> 00:37:02,520
1859
+ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุณ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุณ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูุงู„ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:37:02,520 --> 00:37:06,740
1863
+ ู†ุณุจุชู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุณ ู†ุณุจุชู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุงู„ ratio
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:37:06,740 --> 00:37:09,660
1867
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ ratio ูŠุนูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:37:13,710 --> 00:37:18,290
1871
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆููŠู†ูˆ ุชุงูŠุจู† ูƒู…ุงู†
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:37:18,290 --> 00:37:23,270
1875
+ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงุฐุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠูƒ ุณูŠู„ ูˆูŠุฑ ุจูŠ ู„ูŠู†ูŠุด ุจูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:37:23,270 --> 00:37:31,430
1879
+ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ ุจูŠ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ CD10 CD10 ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู…ูŠู†ูˆููŠู†ูˆ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:37:31,430 --> 00:37:36,190
1883
+ ุชุงูŠุจู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุช ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… ู„ุงุฒู… ูƒุชุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:37:38,060 --> 00:37:41,820
1887
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุณ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ุช ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:37:41,820 --> 00:37:46,600
1891
+ ุชุจุงูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:37:46,600 --> 00:37:54,600
1895
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุง is not seen indistinct ูˆู…ุงููŠุด ุงูˆุฑุฏ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:37:54,600 --> 00:38:02,140
1899
+ body ูˆ still nucleus is verbal ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุณ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:38:02,140 --> 00:38:04,920
1903
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ู…ุฑ
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:38:09,640 --> 00:38:13,980
1907
+ ูˆู‚ุจู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† the largest
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:38:13,980 --> 00:38:20,200
1911
+ the rarest ูˆ largest type of acute lymphoblastic
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:38:20,200 --> 00:38:24,080
1915
+ leukemiaุŒ sizes largeุŒ ููŠู‡ fine chromatinุŒ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:38:24,080 --> 00:38:26,900
1919
+ homogeneous nuclear chromatin materialุŒ ููŠู‡
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:38:26,900 --> 00:38:33,220
1923
+ prominent nucleiุŒ nucleus is irregular over or
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:38:33,220 --> 00:38:39,480
1927
+ aroundุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… is moderately abundantุŒ ูˆ
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:38:39,480 --> 00:38:43,520
1931
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† deeply basophilic and vaculated ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:38:43,520 --> 00:38:46,280
1935
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ูุฌูˆุงุช ุจุณ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญุงู†ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:38:46,280 --> 00:38:49,720
1939
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ูุฌูˆุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆ
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:38:49,720 --> 00:38:56,400
1943
+ ู„ุนูŠุฏุงูŠุฉ prominent ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:38:56,400 --> 00:39:00,460
1947
+ ูƒูŠู ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ vaculation ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูˆุงุถุญ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:39:04,710 --> 00:39:07,490
1951
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Incidence ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ Acute Lymphoblastic
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:39:07,490 --> 00:39:12,010
1955
+ Leukemia ุฌุงู„ูˆ ูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ุณู†ูŠู† ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:39:12,010 --> 00:39:15,990
1959
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ Adult ุงู„ Clinical Finding ููŠ
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:39:15,990 --> 00:39:21,010
1963
+ Pancytopemia ูˆููŠ Fatigue ูˆPellor ูˆFever ูˆ Weight
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:39:21,010 --> 00:39:25,290
1967
+ Loss ูˆ Irritability, Anorexia, Infection, Bleeding
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:39:25,290 --> 00:39:29,150
1971
+ and Bone Marrow ุงู„ Pancytopemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:39:29,150 --> 00:39:34,250
1975
+ PancytopemiaุŸ Pan ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง is reduced
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:39:34,770 --> 00:39:41,710
1979
+ ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจูŠู†ูŠุง ู‚ู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ ุงู„
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:39:41,710 --> 00:39:45,650
1983
+ signs of anemia fatigue ูˆ pallor ูˆููŠ signs of
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:39:45,650 --> 00:39:52,910
1987
+ infection fever ูˆููŠ weight loss ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ metabolic
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:39:52,910 --> 00:39:56,550
1991
+ rate ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:39:56,550 --> 00:40:02,840
1995
+ irritable ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ุดู‡ูŠุชู‡ ุงู†ูˆุฑูƒุณูŠุง ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:40:02,840 --> 00:40:08,360
1999
+ infection ูˆ bleeding ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† bone pain ู‚ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:40:08,360 --> 00:40:11,420
2003
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู‚ุงู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ adults
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:40:11,420 --> 00:40:18,880
2007
+ ู‚ุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Perkits leukemia ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฒูŠุฒ
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:40:18,880 --> 00:40:26,020
2011
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ age ู…ู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ white blood cell count ู…ู‡ู… ูˆ
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:40:26,020 --> 00:40:30,580
2015
+ cell type ู‡ู… ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ they are the most important
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:40:30,580 --> 00:40:34,120
2019
+ prognostic indicator ู‡ู… ุงู„ prognostic ุงูŠุด
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:40:34,120 --> 00:40:39,900
2023
+ indicator ูุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ุจุฑุถุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ู… ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:40:39,900 --> 00:40:47,200
2027
+ ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… poor prognosis ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:40:47,200 --> 00:40:50,840
2031
+ ุงู„ white blood cell count ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ุงู ุนู†ุฏ
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:40:50,840 --> 00:40:51,460
2035
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:40:59,450 --> 00:41:05,210
2039
+ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงูˆ
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:41:05,210 --> 00:41:10,630
2043
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุชุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงูƒูŠูˆุช ู„ูŠู†ููˆุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:41:10,630 --> 00:41:17,070
2047
+ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ male ูˆู„ู‡ุง poor prognosis ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:41:17,070 --> 00:41:23,950
2051
+ ุงู„ T-cell ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Q-rate ูŠุดููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆุชูˆุตู„
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:41:23,950 --> 00:41:31,290
2055
+ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุดูุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ 70% ุทุจุนุง
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:41:31,290 --> 00:41:34,090
2059
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ acute lymphoblastic leukemia ุงู„ุง
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:41:34,090 --> 00:41:37,430
2063
+ ุงู„ acute myeloid leukemia ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:41:37,430 --> 00:41:41,690
2067
+ acute granulocytic leukemia ูˆุงู„ classification
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:41:41,690 --> 00:41:48,770
2071
+ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ bone marrow blast morphology ูˆ
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:41:53,380 --> 00:41:58,800
2075
+ ู†ู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ู
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:41:58,800 --> 00:42:03,900
2079
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฐ ุงุณุชุฑุงุญุฉ ูˆู†ูƒู…ู„ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ุญุธุฉ
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The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
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@@ -0,0 +1,1307 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:04,550 --> 00:00:11,090
3
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง ู„ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:11,090 --> 00:00:14,950
7
+ absorption ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ lack
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:14,950 --> 00:00:18,450
11
+ of intrinsic factor ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ pernicious anemia
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:18,450 --> 00:00:22,210
15
+ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ gastrointestinal disease
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:22,210 --> 00:00:28,170
19
+ ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,170 --> 00:00:32,870
23
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ total
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:32,870 --> 00:00:38,250
27
+ gastric resection ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฌุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุงู‹ ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:38,250 --> 00:00:45,630
31
+ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ู†ุดูŠู„ ุงู„ source of intrinsic factor ูŠูˆู…
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:45,630 --> 00:00:49,250
35
+ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุดุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ absorption ูƒู„ูŠุงู‹ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:49,250 --> 00:00:53,550
39
+ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ุชุธู‡ุฑ megaloplastic anemia ู‡ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฎู…ุณ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:53,550 --> 00:00:59,330
43
+ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฌู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุฌู„ูŠู†ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:00,140 --> 00:01:05,980
47
+ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุดูŠู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ stomach ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:05,980 --> 00:01:09,680
51
+ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุดูŠู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ stomach ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุฃู†ุช ุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:14,820
55
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠ ุจุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ ูˆูŠุณู…ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ stagnant
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,820 --> 00:01:22,790
59
+ ุฃูˆ blind loop syndrome ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:22,790 --> 00:01:32,970
63
+ micro flora ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ู‡ุชุณูƒู† ุฃูˆ ุชุณุชูˆุทู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:32,970 --> 00:01:40,490
67
+ ุงู„ู€ 12 ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:40,490 --> 00:01:45,170
71
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ vitamin ูˆุจู†ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ vitamin
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:46,330 --> 00:01:50,510
75
+ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Resection ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุดูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุณู…ู‡ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:50,510 --> 00:01:55,070
79
+ ุงู„ู€ Resection ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู…ุชุตุงุต vitamin
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:55,070 --> 00:02:03,250
83
+ B12 receptor ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏู…
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:03,250 --> 00:02:09,600
87
+ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ vitamin ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Crohn's disease
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:09,600 --> 00:02:14,840
91
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† granulomatous disease ุฃุดุจู‡ ุจู…ุฑุถ ุญุจูŠุจูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:14,840 --> 00:02:22,660
95
+ ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ุจุชุบุทูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูˆุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู€ terminal
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:22,660 --> 00:02:26,820
99
+ ileum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ receptor ูˆุงู„ู€ ascending colon
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:26,820 --> 00:02:32,940
103
+ ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ nutrient
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:32,940 --> 00:02:38,510
107
+ ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ vitamin B12 ุณุจุจ ุฎุงู…ุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:38,510 --> 00:02:42,550
111
+ infestation of the gut with a fish tape worm ุฃู†ู‡
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:42,550 --> 00:02:46,690
115
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ tape worm
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:46,690 --> 00:02:51,130
119
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ intestine ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุณุชู‡ู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู€
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:51,130 --> 00:02:58,470
123
+ vitamin B12 ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Diphyllobothrium latum ูˆุงู„ู€ Diphyllobothrium americanum
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:58,470 --> 00:02:59,550
127
+ americana
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:02,030 --> 00:03:06,390
131
+ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ููŠ malabsorption ู‡ูˆ drug-induced
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:06,390 --> 00:03:11,470
135
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ drug ูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ุฃูˆ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:11,470 --> 00:03:16,190
139
+ impairment ู„ู„ู€ B12 absorption ู‡ู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู€ drugs ุงู„ู„ูŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:16,190 --> 00:03:21,930
143
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ anticonvulsant ูˆู…ุซุงู„
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:21,930 --> 00:03:28,410
147
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ phenytoin ุฃูˆ antimicrobial ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ neomycin
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:29,280 --> 00:03:36,320
151
+ ุฃูˆ Anti-Gout ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Colchicine ุฃูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:36,320 --> 00:03:46,680
155
+ Alcohol ุชุนุงุทูŠ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุณุจุจ ุณุงุจุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ vitamin B
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:48,860
159
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ deficiency ูˆ increase requirement ูˆุงู„ู€
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:48,860 --> 00:03:54,140
163
+ requirement perceived during pregnancy ุงู„ูุชุงุฉ ููŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:54,140 --> 00:03:58,260
167
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ borderline ู…ุฎุฒู†ู‡ุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:59,660 --> 00:04:05,900
171
+ ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ during pregnancy ุขุฎุฑ ุณุจุจ ููŠ vitamin
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:05,900 --> 00:04:10,460
175
+ B12 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ failure to transport the vitamin
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:10,460 --> 00:04:16,000
179
+ ูˆูŠุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ูƒุงู† rare ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ congenital deficiency
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:19,240
183
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ physiologically active
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:19,240 --> 00:04:24,380
187
+ transport Transporter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Transcobalamin 2
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:24,380 --> 00:04:33,400
191
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ vitamin B12 deficiency ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:37,960
195
+ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ ุจู€ neurological damage ู„ูƒู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:37,960 --> 00:04:46,740
199
+ ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุง ู…ุจูƒุฑุงู‹ ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ neurological damage
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:46,740 --> 00:04:52,180
203
+ ุณุจุจ ุขุฎุฑ failure to metabolize the vitamin B12
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:52,180 --> 00:04:56,340
207
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ู€ vitamin ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠุด coenzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:56,340 --> 00:05:04,250
211
+ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ู„ู„ู€ vitamin ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุญูˆู„
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:04,250 --> 00:05:11,330
215
+ ุงู„ู€ vitamin to its active coenzyme ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:11,330 --> 00:05:16,770
219
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ methylmalonic acid ูˆุงู„ู€
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:16,770 --> 00:05:21,170
223
+ homocysteine ููŠ ุงู„ู€ urine ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุงุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:21,170 --> 00:05:24,790
227
+ ู„ู‡ู…ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:26,230 --> 00:05:29,990
231
+ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง mentally retarded ูˆ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:29,990 --> 00:05:33,810
235
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง megaloblastic
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:33,810 --> 00:05:39,390
239
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง megaloblastic anemia ู„ุณุจุจ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู…
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:39,390 --> 00:05:47,030
243
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง mentally retarded ู…ู† ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ failure to
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:47,030 --> 00:05:50,830
247
+ metabolize the vitamin ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ anesthetic
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:50,830 --> 00:05:54,610
251
+ nitrous oxide ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inactivation ู„ู„ู€ vitamin B12
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:54,610 --> 00:05:58,710
255
+ coenzyme ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ megaloblastic changes
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:58,710 --> 00:06:05,370
259
+ ูˆ neuropathy neuropathy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:05,370 --> 00:06:10,010
263
+ ูŠุฎุต ุงู„ู€ vitamin B12 deficiency ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ folate deficiency
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:10,010 --> 00:06:16,750
267
+ ูˆุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู†ูุณ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ vitamin B12 ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:16,750 --> 00:06:21,380
271
+ ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู„ุฃู† adequate dietary intake
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:21,380 --> 00:06:27,420
275
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ููŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:27,420 --> 00:06:32,240
279
+ 700 ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุฌุฑุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุต
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:38,920
283
+ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุทุจุฎุŒ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ labile
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:38,920 --> 00:06:42,520
287
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู‡ุฑุฌ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ู†ู‡
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:42,520 --> 00:06:48,020
291
+ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุทุจุฎ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ุฎุงุฒู†ู†ุง ู„ู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:48,020 --> 00:06:53,220
295
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู„ู„ูŠุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:53,220 --> 00:06:59,040
299
+ ุชูƒููŠู†ุง ุฅู„ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:03,940
303
+ malabsorption ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:03,940 --> 00:07:09,900
307
+ malabsorption ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ celiac disease ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:09,900 --> 00:07:15,480
311
+ atrophy ู„ู„ู€ villi ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุทู† ุฌุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูˆุชุณุงุนุฏ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:15,480 --> 00:07:19,310
315
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ููŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:19,310 --> 00:07:24,850
319
+ ุงู„ู€ absorption ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ุชุต ุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ apical place
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:24,850 --> 00:07:30,610
323
+ of villi ู…ู† ุทุฑู ุงู„ูุฌุงู†ูŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ villi tropical
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:30,610 --> 00:07:36,610
327
+ sprue tropical sprue ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฑุถ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:36,610 --> 00:07:44,230
331
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅุณู‡ุงู„ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:45,390 --> 00:07:49,430
335
+ Crohn's disease ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุถู‡ generalized ู…ุน
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:49,430 --> 00:07:52,730
339
+ ุงู„ู€ absorption ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestine increase
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:52,730 --> 00:07:57,010
343
+ requirement ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ู€ folic acid ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ููŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:57,010 --> 00:08:00,450
347
+ ุงู„ู€ pregnancy ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ pregnancy ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุฏูŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:00,450 --> 00:08:04,990
351
+ requirement for folate ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุฌุฑุงู… ู…ุด
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:04,990 --> 00:08:10,700
355
+ ู…ูŠุฉ ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ third trimester ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:10,700 --> 00:08:14,360
359
+ ุณุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชุงุช ุจูŠุฎุดูˆุง ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนุงู‡ู…
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:14,360 --> 00:08:21,580
363
+ pregnancy ูˆุงู„ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… subnormal ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:21,580 --> 00:08:27,320
367
+ ููŠู‡ุง subnormal folate concentration ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:27,320 --> 00:08:32,240
371
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ associated ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:32,240 --> 00:08:35,260
375
+ pregnancy ูŠุนู†ูŠ associated with neural tube defect
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:35,260 --> 00:08:45,760
379
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ุฎู„ู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุนุดุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู†ุนุทู‰
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:45,760 --> 00:08:50,180
383
+ Prophylactic Folic Acid Therapy is recommended
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:50,180 --> 00:08:53,260
387
+ several months before conception ู‚ุจู„ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุฑุจุน ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:53,260 --> 00:08:59,040
391
+ ู…ู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ increase requirement
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:03,240
395
+ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุฎุตูˆุตุงู‹ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:03,240 --> 00:09:06,880
399
+ Hemochronic Hemolytic Condition ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ sickle cell
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:07,420
403
+ anemia
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:10,130 --> 00:09:14,770
407
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:14,770 --> 00:09:17,910
411
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง ููˆู„ูŠุช ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง ููˆู„ูŠุช
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:17,910 --> 00:09:20,910
415
+ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:20,910 --> 00:09:21,990
419
+ ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:21,990 --> 00:09:22,750
423
+ ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:22,750 --> 00:09:23,870
427
+ ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:23,870 --> 00:09:28,830
431
+ ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:28,830 --> 00:09:35,790
435
+ ุชูŽู†ุชุงุจูู„ู‡ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:36,080 --> 00:09:41,700
439
+ ุจู„ุฒู…ู‡ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุถุนุงู ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุชุตู†ุน DNA
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:41,700 --> 00:09:45,180
443
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ุง ูŠููˆุฌูŽุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:45,180 --> 00:09:51,200
447
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ increase requirement ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹ ุฎูŠุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:51,200 --> 00:09:55,200
451
+ drug-induced folate deficiency ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:55,200 --> 00:10:00,200
455
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุฒูŠ long-term therapy with anticonvulsant
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:00,200 --> 00:10:06,310
459
+ ุงู„ู€ phenytoin ูˆ ุงู„ู€ alcohol ูˆุงู„ู€ methotrexate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:06,310 --> 00:10:10,450
463
+ ุนู† drug cytotoxic ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ูุจุงูŽุท ุดุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู€ dihydrofolate
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:10,450 --> 00:10:15,750
467
+ reductase enzyme ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ caused depletion of
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:15,750 --> 00:10:21,870
471
+ thymidine and purine nucleotide ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:21,870 --> 00:10:29,430
475
+ failure ููŠ folate metabolism ูˆู‚ูˆุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูุดู„
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:29,430 --> 00:10:33,060
479
+ ููŠ folate metabolism ู†ุงุฌูŠ ุนู† a rare enzyme
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:33,060 --> 00:10:36,780
483
+ deficiency ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:36,780 --> 00:10:40,360
487
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ metabolism ู„ู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุบุงูŠุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:40,360 --> 00:10:47,300
491
+ ุบุงูŠุจ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ metabolic ู„ู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูˆูŠู†ุชุฌ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ููŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:47,300 --> 00:10:52,860
495
+ ู…ุฌุงู„ู‡ megaloblastic changes and mental retardation ู…ุงุดูŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:52,860 --> 00:10:58,520
499
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† both vitamin B12 ูˆููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:59,120 --> 00:11:03,620
503
+ ููŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู€ megaloblastic anemia ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:03,620 --> 00:11:08,060
507
+ ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ pathophysiology of megaloblastic anemia
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:08,060 --> 00:11:13,660
511
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ megaloblastic anemia ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:13,660 --> 00:11:17,960
515
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ weakness shortness
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:17,960 --> 00:11:21,000
519
+ of breath congestive heart failure ูˆููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:23,820
523
+ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ loss of appetite weight loss and
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:23,820 --> 00:11:29,290
527
+ gastrointestinal disturbances ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:29,290 --> 00:11:35,550
531
+ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ููŠ ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู€
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:35,550 --> 00:11:45,110
535
+ megaloblastic anemia ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ affecting
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:45,110 --> 00:11:49,090
539
+ tissue ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ุจู†ุงุก ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:49,090 --> 00:11:53,790
543
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง which are rapidly dividing cells all will be
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:53,790 --> 00:11:57,330
547
+ affected ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง impairment ู„ู„ู…ูŠุชูˆุชูƒ ุฃูˆ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:57,330 --> 00:12:01,690
551
+ ุงู„ู€ function ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ premature cell death ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:01,690 --> 00:12:07,490
555
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุจู†ุงุก ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:07,490 --> 00:12:11,130
559
+ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุขุชูŠุฉ: ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ general tissue
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:11,130 --> 00:12:16,150
563
+ manifestation ุบูŠุงุจ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:16,150 --> 00:12:21,230
567
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุทู†ูุงุฉ ู…ู† ุจูŠุทูˆู„ ุจูˆู„ูู„ูŠูƒุงุณุฏ affect all dividing
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:21,230 --> 00:12:28,590
571
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง rapidly dividing cells and these
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:28,590 --> 00:12:33,790
575
+ disturbances ุจุชุคุซุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ epithelial cells
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:33,790 --> 00:12:41,030
579
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ angular stomatitis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:41,030 --> 00:12:46,610
583
+ ููŠ ุทุฑููŠ ุงู„ูู… ุฃูˆ glossitis ู‡ูŠ inflammation of the
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:46,610 --> 00:12:51,590
587
+ tongue ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ neurological manifestation
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:51,590 --> 00:12:57,070
591
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ degeneration ู‡ุฑูŠุงู† ููŠ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:57,070 --> 00:13:01,450
595
+ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฒู„ and lateral column of the spinal cord ูƒู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:01,450 --> 00:13:08,250
599
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุด ุงู„ nerves ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุฏูˆุฑุฒู„ ุงูˆ lateral
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:08,250 --> 00:13:12,690
603
+ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ููŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ spinal cord will
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:12,690 --> 00:13:14,310
607
+ be degenerated
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:16,500 --> 00:13:18,580
611
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:18,580 --> 00:13:19,440
615
+
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:19,440 --> 00:13:19,860
619
+
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:19,860 --> 00:13:22,720
623
+
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:22,720 --> 00:13:25,720
627
+
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:25,720 --> 00:13:25,800
631
+
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:25,800 --> 00:13:28,760
635
+
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:28,760 --> 00:13:38,950
639
+ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:38,950 --> 00:13:44,390
643
+ ุชุฎู„ูŠู‚ ุนูŠุจ ุฎู„ู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Spina Bifida ุงู„ู„ูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:44,390 --> 00:13:52,510
647
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุธู‡ุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:52,510 --> 00:13:59,010
651
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:59,010 --> 00:14:06,310
655
+ Dementia ูˆ ุงู„ Dementia ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุฑู
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:06,310 --> 00:14:13,310
659
+ and impairment of intellectual function ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:13,310 --> 00:14:22,730
663
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ูุดู„ ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุทูŠุจ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:22,730 --> 00:14:27,030
667
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ general tissue ุทูŠุจ what about bone
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:27,030 --> 00:14:30,670
671
+ marrowุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ hematological manifestation ููŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:30,670 --> 00:14:32,770
675
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:32,770 --> 00:14:36,810
679
+ hypercellular ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุทู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูุจุตูŠุฑ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:36,810 --> 00:14:41,790
683
+ ูŠุชู†ุดุท ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:41,790 --> 00:14:46,530
687
+ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุชู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ increase ู„ู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:46,530 --> 00:14:51,210
691
+ erythropoietic activity ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:51,210 --> 00:14:57,030
695
+ immature form of all cells ุจุชุถู„ immature ูˆ ุจุชุฌุนุฏ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:57,030 --> 00:15:01,230
699
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุจุฏุฑูŠ ูˆู„ู…ุง ุชู…ูˆุช ุจุฏุฑูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:01,230 --> 00:15:05,470
703
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ineffective hemopoiesis ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:05,470 --> 00:15:10,890
707
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ุง pancytopenia ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:10,890 --> 00:15:15,330
711
+ pancytopeniaุŸ pan ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ุŒ cyt ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ penia
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:15,330 --> 00:15:21,490
715
+ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:21,490 --> 00:15:28,190
719
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:28,190 --> 00:15:32,770
723
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:32,770 --> 00:15:38,530
727
+ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุฒุงูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ precursor
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:38,530 --> 00:15:44,330
731
+ of RBCs ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ unconjugated bilirubin ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:44,330 --> 00:15:48,830
735
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ LDH ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:48,830 --> 00:15:54,150
739
+ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ู„ู„cell membrane ูˆ ุงู„ lysozyme ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:54,150 --> 00:15:59,390
743
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ chemical manifestation ู…ุชู…ุซู„ุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:03,260
747
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู†ูˆุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ chemistry ุทุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:03,260 --> 00:16:05,920
751
+ peripheral blood ุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral blood ุทุจุนุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:05,920 --> 00:16:10,040
755
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ macrocytosis macro ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซุงู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:10,040 --> 00:16:13,920
759
+ ุญูŠ ู„ macrocytic anemia ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:13,920 --> 00:16:17,400
763
+ reticulocytopenia ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:17,400 --> 00:16:20,840
767
+ reticulocyte ู…ุง ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู†ูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ peripheral
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:24,480
771
+ blood ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ reticulocyte
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:24,480 --> 00:16:29,390
775
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:29,390 --> 00:16:36,750
779
+ ู…ูŠุฌุงู†ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุจูŠูˆูŠุณูŠุฒ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ู…ุชู…ุซู„ุฉ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:36,750 --> 00:16:41,390
783
+ ุจุดุบู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ูˆ ุดุบู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:41,390 --> 00:16:45,070
787
+ blood ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ bone marrow ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:45,070 --> 00:16:49,390
791
+ giant metamylocyte ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral blood ุจู†ุดูˆู
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:49,390 --> 00:16:54,130
795
+ hyper-segmented neutrophil ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ megaloplastic
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:54,130 --> 00:16:58,750
799
+ leukopoiesis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:58,750 --> 00:17:02,170
803
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู…ุจุฑุง ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ giant metamylocyte ูˆ ููŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:02,170 --> 00:17:05,150
807
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูุฑุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ hypersegmented neutrophil
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:05,150 --> 00:17:11,590
811
+ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุง ุถู„ุด ุฅู„ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ megakaryocyte ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:11,590 --> 00:17:15,910
815
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ megaloplastic megakaryocyte ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:15,910 --> 00:17:21,170
819
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ุง megakaryocyte ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูู…ุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:21,170 --> 00:17:24,170
823
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูƒูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ ูˆ ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ ูˆ plastic ูŠุนู†ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:24,170 --> 00:17:29,010
827
+ ุจุชูƒุจุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ size ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:29,010 --> 00:17:36,250
831
+ ูุดู„ ููŠ ุงู„ granulation ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ megakaryocytes
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:36,250 --> 00:17:42,810
835
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ platelet ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:42,810 --> 00:17:47,430
839
+ ุงุชูˆุฑุงู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ ูˆ plastic
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:47,430 --> 00:17:51,470
843
+ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ summary ุงู„
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:51,470 --> 00:17:56,490
847
+ practical approach ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุจู†ู…ู†ุน macrocytosis
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:56,490 --> 00:17:59,830
851
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ history of
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:59,830 --> 00:18:06,710
855
+ alcohol drinking ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ liver disease ุจู†ุนู…ู„ CBC ูˆ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:06,710 --> 00:18:11,630
859
+ blood film for
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:11,630 --> 00:18:15,250
863
+ evidence of marrow disease ูˆู†ุดูˆู reticulocyte ู‚ู„ู†ุง
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:15,250 --> 00:18:20,560
867
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ reticulocyte ุจู†ูุญุต ุงู„ B12 ูˆ ุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:20,560 --> 00:18:26,060
871
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุง chemical technique ูˆ ุจู†ุดูˆู liver function ูˆ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:26,060 --> 00:18:32,020
875
+ TSH ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ B12 ูˆ ุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:32,020 --> 00:18:38,720
879
+ deficiency ู„ูƒู† ุจู†ู…ุฑูˆุง exam if cause in doubt ูŠุนู†ูŠ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:41,100
883
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุดูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:46,890 --> 00:18:53,390
887
+ ููŠ ูุญุต ุงู„ bone marrow ู you really have to know
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:53,390 --> 00:18:57,810
891
+ the following ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ schematic diagram ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:57,810 --> 00:19:01,630
895
+ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู„ูŠ ูƒูŠู ู†ุนุฑู ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ anemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:01,630 --> 00:19:08,470
899
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ MCV ุทุจุนุง ููŠ hemoglobin ูˆุงุทูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:08,470 --> 00:19:15,070
903
+ ููŠ anemia ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ MCV ูˆ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ MCV
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:15,070 --> 00:19:21,580
907
+ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ macrocytic anemia ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:21,580 --> 00:19:27,580
911
+ ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ B12 ูˆ ุงู„ folate ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุทูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:27,580 --> 00:19:31,280
915
+ ุชุดุฎุตุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ megaloblastic anemia ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:31,280 --> 00:19:37,220
919
+ normal ุทุงู„ุน ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุณุจุจ ูˆุงุถุญ ุบุงู„ุจุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:37,220 --> 00:19:44,240
923
+ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุณู†ุดูˆู ููŠ ุงู„ kidney ุฃูˆ liver ุฃูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:44,240 --> 00:19:50,410
927
+ thyroid ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุด ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุณุจุจ ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุฏูƒ ุชูุญุต ุงู„ bone marrow
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:50,410 --> 00:19:58,010
931
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠุถุฉ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:58,010 --> 00:20:09,510
935
+ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ MCV ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:09,510 --> 00:20:10,990
939
+ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:10,990 --> 00:20:12,770
943
+ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:12,770 --> 00:20:12,810
947
+ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:12,810 --> 00:20:13,970
951
+ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:13,970 --> 00:20:22,640
955
+ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ MCV Normal ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:22,640 --> 00:20:27,180
959
+ normocytic anemia ุจุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ reticulocyte ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅุฐุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:27,180 --> 00:20:30,960
963
+ high ูŠุนู†ูŠ high ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ hemolytic anemia ูˆ ุฅุฐุง low
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:34,160
967
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ ACD ูˆ ุงู„renal
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:34,160 --> 00:20:39,540
971
+ failure ูˆ ุงู„ marrow failure ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุจูŠุจูŠู†ู„ูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:39,540 --> 00:20:46,320
975
+ ุงู„ normal blood film ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ macro size ุดุงูŠููŠู†
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:46,320 --> 00:20:52,380
979
+ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ macro size compared to normal discord RBCs
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:52,380 --> 00:20:58,460
983
+ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆูŠุงุด ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง oval ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ hyper
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:58,460 --> 00:21:03,570
987
+ segmented ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุธูˆุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:03,570 --> 00:21:06,390
991
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ white blood cells
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:06,390 --> 00:21:10,650
995
+ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ hyper segmented ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ hyper segmentation
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:10,650 --> 00:21:17,490
999
+ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงุชุฎุฑุช ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:17,490 --> 00:21:26,930
1003
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ุฃู†ูƒ hyper segmented ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:26,930 --> 00:21:34,230
1007
+ normal blast ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุทู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ RBCs ูุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:34,230 --> 00:21:39,650
1011
+ ุจุฏุฑูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ normal marrow cell ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:39,650 --> 00:21:45,650
1015
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ megaloblastic ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุญุฌูˆู… ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:45,650 --> 00:21:51,310
1019
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ marrow ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ูŠุดุบู„ ูˆ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ RBCs ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆูŠุฏ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:51,310 --> 00:21:55,670
1023
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒูŠุฑุณุงู„ ุณูŠู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ giant
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:55,670 --> 00:22:00,930
1027
+ metamylocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู…ุซู„ ููŠู‡ุง megaloblastic marrow
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:00,930 --> 00:22:08,070
1031
+ cells ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุจุฑุญุงู† ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชู…ุซู„ degeneration of dorsal
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:08,070 --> 00:22:12,310
1035
+ and lateral ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู‡ุฑูŠุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนูˆุงุฑูŠู† ุงู„
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:12,310 --> 00:22:20,710
1039
+ spinal cord ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ demyelination in the
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:20,710 --> 00:22:27,820
1043
+ spinal cord ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุญุตูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุฏูŠูุดุงู†ุณูŠ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:27,820 --> 00:22:33,720
1047
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู„ุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:39,460
1051
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:39,460 --> 00:22:40,720
1055
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:40,720 --> 00:22:41,940
1059
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:41,940 --> 00:22:42,280
1063
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:42,280 --> 00:22:43,460
1067
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:43,460 --> 00:22:45,980
1071
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:45,980 --> 00:22:50,200
1075
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:53,500
1079
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:53,500 --> 00:22:58,060
1083
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ folic acid ูˆ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู„ุช ุณู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฎู„ุต
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:58,060 --> 00:23:06,020
1087
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ B12 ุฃูˆ ูŠู†ุฌุณ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ B12 ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูุชุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:06,020 --> 00:23:16,500
1091
+ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู†ุฉ ููˆู„ูŠุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ in meat and vegetables ู‚ูˆุฉ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:16,500 --> 00:23:22,060
1095
+ ุจู†ู…ุชุตู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุงู„ B12 ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ in animal source
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:22,820 --> 00:23:27,000
1099
+ ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠู…ุชุต ููŠ ุงู„ ileum ูˆ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ intrinsic
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:34,140
1103
+ factor ุนุดุงู† ูŠู…ุชุต fully deficiency result from poor
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:34,140 --> 00:23:37,640
1107
+ diet ู…ุน ุงู„ absorption and increase requirement
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:37,640 --> 00:23:43,560
1111
+ between deficiency ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ common case ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:43,560 --> 00:23:48,220
1115
+ pernicious anemia ูˆ ุงู„ pernicious anemia ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู†
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:48,220 --> 00:23:51,440
1119
+ autoimmune attack to the gastric parietal cells
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:53,410 --> 00:23:56,670
1123
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุตุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ู‡ุงูŠุฏุฑุง ุงู†ุชู†ุงุฒูŠู†ุฌ ูุงูŠุชูŠุฑ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:56,670 --> 00:24:01,730
1127
+ Deficiency of low vitamin B12 are common in elderly
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:01,730 --> 00:24:11,070
1131
+ people and usually they do not cause anemia ูƒู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:11,070 --> 00:24:17,190
1135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู†ู‡ they should manage by oral B12
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:17,190 --> 00:24:22,560
1139
+ replacement Deficiency of B12 and folic acid ู…ู…ูƒู†
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:26,900
1143
+ ู†ุดุฎุตู‡ู… ุจู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู…ูˆุณูŠุณุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุซูŠูˆู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:26,900 --> 00:24:31,940
1147
+ ู…ุงู„ูˆู†ูŠู„ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ูƒู…ุงู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:31,940 --> 00:24:40,260
1151
+ ุงู„ full B12 ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ tablet ูŠุชุงุฎุฏ oral ูŠุฌุฒุฏูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:40,260 --> 00:24:46,420
1155
+ vitamin B12 ู„ุงุฒู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุญู‚ู† ู„ูƒู†
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:46,420 --> 00:24:50,800
1159
+ high dose oral therapy also work for megaloblastic
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:50,800 --> 00:24:51,660
1163
+ anemia
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:54,300 --> 00:24:58,880
1167
+ ุนุทูŠูƒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:04,320
1171
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุจุณ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูŠ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูŠุต ุงู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:08,700
1175
+ folic acid ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุซุงูŠู„ ู…ุงู„ูˆู†ูŠู„ ุจู†ู‚ูŠุต ุงู„
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:08,700 --> 00:25:13,820
1179
+ homocysteine ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุซุงูŠู„ ู…ุงู„ูˆู†ูŠู„ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ูƒู…
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:13,820 --> 00:25:17,320
1183
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฅู† ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ deficiency ููŠ ุงู„ vitamin
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:17,320 --> 00:25:32,380
1187
+ B12 ุฅู† folic acid ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู„ุง ุชู†ุชุฌ ูˆุชุชุญูˆู„
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:32,380 --> 00:25:36,820
1191
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฅุฐุง ูุญุตู†ุงู‡ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:36,820 --> 00:25:41,560
1195
+ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ increase dietary folate intake in a
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:41,560 --> 00:25:45,860
1199
+ population lower its average level of serum
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:45,860 --> 00:25:47,040
1203
+ homocysteine
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:52,040 --> 00:25:56,940
1207
+ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุฏูŠู„ูŠ ุฏูˆุฒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ maximum effect ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:56,940 --> 00:26:02,420
1211
+ 400 ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ two tube defect ุจู†ุจุทู„
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:02,420 --> 00:26:07,200
1215
+ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ pregnant woman ุงุฎุฏุช folate
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:07,200 --> 00:26:11,700
1219
+ supplement ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:11,700 --> 00:26:18,000
1223
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠูุฑู‚ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† properties of folic acid and
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:21,300
1227
+ B12 deficiency
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:27,060 --> 00:26:34,680
1231
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ููˆู„ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ูˆ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:39,200
1235
+ ุงู„ vitamin ุจุชู‚ู„ ููŠ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจูŠูุฑู‚ ู„ูŠู‡ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:43,800
1239
+ ุงู„ููˆู„ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ almost ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:43,800 --> 00:26:49,320
1243
+ ุงู„ vitamin ุจุชู‚ู„ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:53,400
1247
+ they are water soluble ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู…ุชุต ุงู„ููˆู„ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ููŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:58,640
1251
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ู‡ุฏุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ ileum ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ููˆู„ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:58,640 --> 00:27:07,640
1255
+ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:07,640 --> 00:27:08,560
1259
+ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:08,560 --> 00:27:09,720
1263
+ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:11,180
1267
+ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:11,180 --> 00:27:11,220
1271
+ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:11,220 --> 00:27:11,240
1275
+ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:17,360
1279
+ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:21,940 --> 00:27:26,600
1283
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฒู†ุฉ ุฏูŠ 4 ุนู„ู‰ 5 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ folic acid ุจุชูƒููŠ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:26,600 --> 00:27:33,320
1287
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ B12 ุจูŠูƒููŠู†ุง ู…ุฎุฒูˆู†ู†ุง ู…ู† ุณู†ุชูŠู† ู„ 12 ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ุฏูŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:33,320 --> 00:27:39,280
1291
+ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:39,280 --> 00:27:43,420
1295
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ neurological disease ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:43,420 --> 00:27:50,740
1299
+ ุงู„ vitamin B12 ูˆู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ folic acid ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:50,740 --> 00:27:56,520
1303
+ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ folic acid and vitamin B12
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:56,520 --> 00:28:01,160
1307
+ deficiency ุฃูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฌูˆุณูŠู† ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
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@@ -0,0 +1,1436 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,640 --> 00:00:05,020
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:05,020 --> 00:00:13,580
7
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ู†ู„ุชู‚ู‰
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,580 --> 00:00:16,540
11
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู† the non-leukemic
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,540 --> 00:00:22,000
15
+ lymphoproliferative disorders ูˆ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:28,900
19
+ these are malignant clonal disorders ุฃูŠุถุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,900 --> 00:00:33,630
23
+ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„stem cellูˆู„ูƒู† ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ System Cell of
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:33,630 --> 00:00:39,330
27
+ Lymphopoietic System ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:39,330 --> 00:00:42,130
31
+ Multiple Myeloma Related Plasma Cell Disorders
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,130 --> 00:00:46,170
35
+ ูˆHodgkin Disease ูˆNon Hodgkin Lymphoma ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:46,170 --> 00:00:50,990
39
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ Multiple Myeloma
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:50,990 --> 00:00:54,910
43
+ Related Plasma Cell Disorders ูˆุชุนุฑูŠูุง Multiple
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:54,910 --> 00:01:01,040
47
+ Myeloma is a B lymphoid malignancy ุจู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุชู…ูŠุฒุŸู‡ูŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:05,220
51
+ ุชู…ูŠุฒ by proliferation of malignant clone of plasma
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,220 --> 00:01:10,020
55
+ cell ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ plasma cell ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:10,020 --> 00:01:16,100
59
+ differentiated form of ุจูŠู‡ cell ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,100 --> 00:01:19,300
63
+ ุจุณู„ู‡ุง proliferation and differentiation ุจูŠู†ูุณู‡ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:19,300 --> 00:01:23,000
67
+ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ plasma cell ุงู„ multiple meloma ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:27,680
71
+ proliferationof malignant clone ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ cell
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:31,180
75
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู…ุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ cell secret excessive amount
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:31,180 --> 00:01:34,860
79
+ of monoclonal immunoglobulin ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด monoclonal ู„ุฃู†
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:34,860 --> 00:01:41,280
83
+ ู‡ู… clone of the same cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠูุฑุฒูˆุง the same
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:41,280 --> 00:01:47,840
87
+ antibody immunoglobulin they released ุทุจุนุง with
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:47,840 --> 00:01:50,960
91
+ respect to multiple myeloma it behaves as a solid
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:51,440
95
+ tumor
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:55,350 --> 00:02:00,270
99
+ ูˆุจูŠุณุจู‚ solid tumor formation prior involvement of
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:00,270 --> 00:02:03,290
103
+ bone marrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ bone marrow should be involved
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:03,290 --> 00:02:10,170
107
+ before formation of solid tumor ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ุฎูŠุตุง ุนู„ู‰
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:10,170 --> 00:02:13,390
111
+ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† melanoid malignancy ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ by
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:13,390 --> 00:02:16,050
115
+ clonal malignant clone of plasma cell
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:16,050 --> 00:02:19,910
119
+ proliferation ูˆmalignant clone of plasma cell ูƒู†ุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:19,910 --> 00:02:23,280
123
+ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ plasma cellูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง secretion of
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:23,280 --> 00:02:26,660
127
+ immunoglobulin. These plasma cells secret
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:26,660 --> 00:02:32,340
131
+ excessive amount of monoclonal antibody and this
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:32,340 --> 00:02:37,400
135
+ multiple myeloma disease behave as a solid tumor
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:41,980
139
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ prior involvement to
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:41,980 --> 00:02:46,540
143
+ bone marrow. ุงู„incidence ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง is a disease of
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:46,540 --> 00:02:53,420
147
+ elderly ุงู„ media ูŠุนูŠุด ููˆู‚ 62 ุณู†ุฉูˆ it's more common
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:53,420 --> 00:02:58,260
151
+ in black than in white ูˆ the disease shows slight
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:58,260 --> 00:03:03,960
155
+ excess incidence in male than female ูƒุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ path
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:03,960 --> 00:03:08,400
159
+ of synergy ูŠุงู„ูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ malignant proliferation of
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:08,400 --> 00:03:15,540
163
+ plasma cell ุจูŠู‚ุฏู‘ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุน
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:15,540 --> 00:03:20,880
167
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ plasma cell
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:24,720
171
+ proliferationู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅุญู„ุงู„ ู„ู„ bone marrow cell
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:31,000
175
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ marrow infiltration ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:34,220
179
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ pancytopemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ bone marrow failure
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:37,190 --> 00:03:41,130
183
+ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ููƒุดู† ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฏู†ุฌ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:41,130 --> 00:03:44,270
187
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ bone marrow failure ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:44,270 --> 00:03:49,590
191
+ bone marrow infiltration ุจุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุณูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:49,590 --> 00:03:54,790
195
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฅุญู„ุงู„ ู„ู„ normal cell ุจlow chemical cell
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:54,790 --> 00:03:58,110
199
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† these low chemical cell or
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:58,110 --> 00:04:03,470
203
+ plasma cell secret ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a huge amount of
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:03,470 --> 00:04:08,740
207
+ immunoglobulูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ immunoglobulin ุทุงู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:08,740 --> 00:04:14,700
211
+ leukemic cell ูŠุจู‚ู‰ should be abnormal ูˆุจู…ุง ุงู† ุงู„
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:14,700 --> 00:04:17,640
215
+ immunoglobulin ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† abnormal
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:20,940
219
+ immunoglobulin ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุญุณุฑ ููŠู‡ reduction ููŠ or
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:20,940 --> 00:04:23,640
223
+ decrease ููŠ ุงู„ amount of normal immunoglobulin
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:23,640 --> 00:04:29,660
227
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฏุฑุงุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ Bonmarofilian ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:29,660 --> 00:04:31,880
231
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† excessive amount of abnormal
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:31,880 --> 00:04:36,120
235
+ immunoglobulinูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ decrease amount of
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:41,160
239
+ normal immunoglobulin ูˆ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:45,180
243
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ skeletal destruction ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ูŠุชูƒุณุฑ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:45,180 --> 00:04:51,460
247
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ lithic bone lesion ูˆ pathologic fracture
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:51,460 --> 00:05:00,820
251
+ ูˆ hypercalcemia ูˆ palpable plasma cytomaPlasma
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:00,820 --> 00:05:06,000
255
+ cytoma ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† tumor mass of plasma cell ูˆ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:11,140
259
+ ู‡ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:11,140 --> 00:05:14,520
263
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ lithic bone lesion ู„ูˆ ุงู„ lithic
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:14,520 --> 00:05:21,280
267
+ bone lesion ุจุจุฏุฃ ุชู‚ุฑุญุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ bone ูˆ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:21,280 --> 00:05:26,150
271
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูุชูŠุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ boneูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:26,150 --> 00:05:29,030
275
+ ุงู„ู€malignant plasma cell ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:29,030 --> 00:05:33,670
279
+ ุงู„ู€Osteoclast activating factor ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€Osteoclast
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:33,670 --> 00:05:37,290
283
+ activating factor ุจุชุนุฑููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€Osteoclast ูˆุธูŠูุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:37,290 --> 00:05:42,610
287
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎุฏูŠุฉ ุขูƒู„ุช ุงู„ุนุถู… ูุงู„ู€Osteoclast
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:42,610 --> 00:05:44,950
291
+ activating factor ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:44,950 --> 00:05:52,410
295
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูุชูŠุช ุงู„ุนุถู… ูˆุฃูƒู„ุงู†ู‡ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:52,410 --> 00:06:02,210
299
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:02,210 --> 00:06:07,490
303
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:07,490 --> 00:06:07,490
307
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:07,490 --> 00:06:07,490
311
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:07,490 --> 00:06:07,650
315
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:07,650 --> 00:06:08,010
319
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:08,010 --> 00:06:08,030
323
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:08,030 --> 00:06:09,190
327
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:09,190 --> 00:06:09,190
331
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:09,190 --> 00:06:13,710
335
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:13,710 --> 00:06:16,010
339
+ ุนู…ู„
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:17,950 --> 00:06:21,810
343
+ with result of pain ุงูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจุชูุชูุช ุนุถู…ู‡ ูˆ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:21,810 --> 00:06:27,910
347
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชุฃู„ู… ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ pathologic fracture ูˆ ููŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:27,910 --> 00:06:31,970
351
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุจูˆุงู† ุจูŠุชูุชูุช ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุจูˆุงู† ุจูŠุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู…ู†
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:31,970 --> 00:06:34,990
355
+ calcium ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ serum
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:34,990 --> 00:06:39,470
359
+ calcium concentration ุงู„ hypercalcemia ุจุญุงุฌุชู‡ุง ูƒุงู†
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:39,470 --> 00:06:46,070
363
+ inducement ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ kidney stone ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:46,070 --> 00:06:51,830
367
+ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ frank renal failure ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:51,830 --> 00:06:57,370
371
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ renal failure ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ analytic
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:57,370 --> 00:07:01,730
375
+ religion ู†ู…ุฑู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† over production of
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:01,730 --> 00:07:06,590
379
+ immunoglobulin ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง often an excess of large
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:06,590 --> 00:07:10,190
383
+ chain ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„over production of
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:10,190 --> 00:07:15,410
387
+ immunoglobulin ุงู†ู‡ can be ูŠุนู†ูŠ diagnosed by excess
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:15,410 --> 00:07:19,690
391
+ of lighted chain of immunoglobulin ูˆ ุงู„ lighted
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:19,690 --> 00:07:25,610
395
+ chain ุจูŠูˆูุญุต ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:25,610 --> 00:07:29,550
399
+ Benziones ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ Benziones ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑู‡ ุงู† ูุญุต
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:29,550 --> 00:07:36,030
403
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฃุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ ููŠ ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ูƒูŠู ูŠูˆูุญุต by boiling ู†ุงุฎุฏ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:36,030 --> 00:07:40,540
407
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจู†ุบู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู†ุจุตูŠุฑ ูู‰ ุชุนูƒูŠุฑ ููˆุช ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนูŠู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:40,540 --> 00:07:45,700
411
+ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฑ ุงุฑุฌุน ุชุงู†ู‰ ุจุฑุฏู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุชุญูƒุฑ ุชุงู†ู‰
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:45,700 --> 00:07:54,080
415
+ ุซู… ุจุฑุฏู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ turbidity ู†ู…ุฑู‡
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:57,420
419
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุจู†ุฒ ุฌูˆู†ุฒ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฑุน ุงู„ diagnostic
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:57,420 --> 00:08:01,140
423
+ tool ู†ูุญุต
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:01,140 --> 00:08:04,680
427
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ over production of neoglobin ู†ู…ุฑู‡
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:08,500
431
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง viscosityุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ high level of
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:08,500 --> 00:08:13,540
435
+ minoglobulin ุบุฑูŠุจุง IGM ู…ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ IGA ูˆ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:13,540 --> 00:08:22,080
439
+ IGG ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง hyperviscosity ุงูŠุถุง ู‡ุฐู‡
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:22,080 --> 00:08:26,740
443
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุฑุณุจ ููŠ ุงู„renal tubules ูˆุชุคุฏูŠ ููŠ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:26,740 --> 00:08:31,820
447
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‰ renal failure ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:31,820 --> 00:08:41,660
451
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชูƒูˆู†
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:41,660 --> 00:08:45,620
455
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:45,620 --> 00:08:48,980
459
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:48,980 --> 00:08:50,380
463
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:50,380 --> 00:08:50,380
467
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:50,380 --> 00:08:51,700
471
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:51,700 --> 00:08:51,980
475
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:51,980 --> 00:08:53,880
479
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:53,880
483
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:56,440
487
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:56,440 --> 00:09:04,620
491
+ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:06,710 --> 00:09:13,670
495
+ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆูŠู† rigid pleated fibrillar structure rigid
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:13,670 --> 00:09:18,170
499
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตู„ุจ pleated ุญุงุฏ fibrillar ู…ู† ุงู„ fiber
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:18,170 --> 00:09:25,270
503
+ structure ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุฏู‡ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:25,270 --> 00:09:30,970
507
+ ุณูƒุงูƒูŠู† ุชู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:30,970 --> 00:09:37,700
511
+ ู…ุง ุจุชุตู„ ู„ุฃูŠ ุนุถูˆ ู…ู† ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุฏู…ุฌ for
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:37,700 --> 00:09:40,220
515
+ these organs ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ kidneys ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ heart ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:40,220 --> 00:09:43,560
519
+ liver ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ spleen ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ gastrointestinal tract
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:43,560 --> 00:09:50,020
523
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู€ tongue ุงู„ุบุฑุงุก
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:50,020 --> 00:09:54,720
527
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุงูˆ ุชุถุฑุจ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง cell ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:54,720 --> 00:09:58,260
531
+ expanding cell mass ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:58,260 --> 00:10:01,140
535
+ proliferating myeloma cell ุงู„ multiple myeloma
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:01,140 --> 00:10:04,910
539
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง cell ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง myeloma cellู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„ุŸ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:04,910 --> 00:10:10,170
543
+ ุจุชุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ Bone Marrow Cell ูˆุจุชุฃุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:10,170 --> 00:10:13,950
547
+ ุงู„ู‰ Bone Maloferrin ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Anemia ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:13,950 --> 00:10:19,670
551
+ Infection ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Bleeding ุงูŠุถุง Expanding
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:19,670 --> 00:10:27,590
555
+ ู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ Cytomas can expand up to the limit that
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:27,590 --> 00:10:32,760
559
+ impinge the spinal cord ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:32,760 --> 00:10:36,060
563
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฏู„ ุชู…ุดูŠ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุงู„ central
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:36,060 --> 00:10:42,220
567
+ nervous system ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุนุดุด ูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† mass ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:42,220 --> 00:10:46,940
571
+ ุชุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ spinal cord ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:46,940 --> 00:10:52,240
575
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฅุญุณุงุณ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:52,240 --> 00:10:56,160
579
+ incontinence ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุทูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ูˆ paraplegia
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:56,160 --> 00:11:07,710
583
+ paraplegia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดู„ู„ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฑุจุงุนูŠ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:07,710 --> 00:11:12,630
587
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดู„ู„ ุฑุจุงุนูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ bone
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:12,630 --> 00:11:15,870
591
+ marrow failure ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ plasma
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:15,870 --> 00:11:20,190
595
+ cytoma ูŠุนู†ูŠ tumor of plasma cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:20,190 --> 00:11:23,210
599
+ ุงู„ central nervous system ูˆูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุดู„ู„ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:23,210 --> 00:11:29,330
603
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ Myeloma cell ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:29,330 --> 00:11:32,770
607
+ organ infiltration ุชุบุฒูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนุถุงุก ุฒูŠ ุงู„ liver,
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:32,910 --> 00:11:36,410
611
+ spleen ูˆ ุงู„ kidney ุจูŠุคุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‰ enlargement of
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:36,410 --> 00:11:42,150
615
+ this organ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ dysfunctional ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ organ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:42,150 --> 00:11:47,430
619
+ ุงู„ fourth ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุจุงุจุน ู‡ูˆ decrease production ู…ู†
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:47,430 --> 00:11:53,310
623
+ normal immunoglobulin ุทุจูŠุนู‰ ุฌุฏุงู…ุงููŠุด .. ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:53,310 --> 00:11:55,810
627
+ ุจูŠู…ุชุฌ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† abnormal immunoglobulin ูู…ุงููŠุด
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:55,810 --> 00:12:00,330
631
+ normal immunoglobulin ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:00,330 --> 00:12:06,650
635
+ bacteria infection ูˆ infection mostly can cause
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:06,650 --> 00:12:10,610
639
+ death ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ cellular
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:10,610 --> 00:12:16,990
643
+ immunity is not affected ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ cell mediated ู‡ูˆ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:16,990 --> 00:12:24,230
647
+ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุฃุซุฑุฒูŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆุงู„ูู†ุฌุงูŠ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุฏ ูุงุณุช ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู†
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:24,230 --> 00:12:28,910
651
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุงู† ู„ู… ุชุชุฌู…ุฏ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:31,580 --> 00:12:34,640
655
+ ุงู„ุณู„ู… ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฏ ู„ุง ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:34,640 --> 00:12:38,260
659
+ Hemoral Immunity ุงู„ู€ Hemoral Immunity ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:38,260 --> 00:12:41,820
663
+ ุงู„ู€ Antibody ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุณู„ู… ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:41,820 --> 00:12:45,980
667
+ T-Lymphocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ T-Cytotoxic ุนู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:45,980 --> 00:12:49,920
671
+ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆ ุงู„ูู†ุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงุณุฏ ููŠ ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ูˆุฑุฌุงู†ุฒู…
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:49,920 --> 00:12:55,180
675
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฃุซุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:55,180 --> 00:12:56,980
679
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:56,980 --> 00:12:59,140
683
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:59,140 --> 00:12:59,160
687
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:59,160 --> 00:13:03,950
691
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† weakness and fatigue
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:03,950 --> 00:13:08,430
695
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู†ูŠุงุŒ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ serious infection ููŠู‡
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:08,430 --> 00:13:12,330
699
+ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠู†ูŠุงุŒ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ renal failureุŒ ู‚ุจุนุง
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:12,330 --> 00:13:20,040
703
+ HypercalcemiaุŒ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉairblading diathesis ู„ุฃู†ู‡
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:20,040 --> 00:13:24,960
707
+ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ Hemostasis ู‡ู†ุฐูƒุฑู‡ู…
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:24,960 --> 00:13:29,040
711
+ ุญูˆุงู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ thrombocytopenia ุฃูˆ platelet
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:29,040 --> 00:13:35,040
715
+ dysfunction ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงุด
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:38,020
719
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ correlation factor
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:38,020 --> 00:13:44,800
723
+ dysfunction laboratory function ุงูˆ laboratory test
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:45,100 --> 00:13:52,260
727
+ ESR ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:52,260 --> 00:13:56,560
731
+ ูˆThrombocytopenia ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง preferable blood
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:56,560 --> 00:14:00,840
735
+ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ low formation ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ hyperviscosity ูˆ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:04,420
739
+ ุงู„ marrow plasma cytosis ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ููŠู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:04,420 --> 00:14:09,300
743
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ู„ 15% plasma cell ุซู… hyperproteinemia
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:09,300 --> 00:14:13,320
747
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ minoglobulin hypercalcemia ููŠ bone lytic
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:13,320 --> 00:14:17,380
751
+ boneุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุจู†ุณ ุฌูˆู†ุฒ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ููŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:17,380 --> 00:14:23,060
755
+ ุฃุฒูˆุซูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€renal
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:23,060 --> 00:14:26,740
759
+ failure ุงู„ู€dermistic
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:26,740 --> 00:14:29,260
763
+ criteria for multiple myeloma ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ููŠ major
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:29,260 --> 00:14:33,140
767
+ criteria ูˆููŠ minor criteria ุงูŠุด ุงู„ major criteriaุŸ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:33,140 --> 00:14:36,720
771
+ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงู„ plasma ุณูŠุทูˆู…ุฉ ูˆุงู†ุทุดูˆุง ุจูŠุจุณูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:41,300
775
+ major criteria ุซู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง plasma cell ู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 30%
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:42,310 --> 00:14:45,910
779
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Major Criteria ุซู… ู…ู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:45,910 --> 00:14:50,750
783
+ ุฃู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ M Spike on Electrophoresis ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ M
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:50,750 --> 00:14:54,610
787
+ SpikeุŸ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† Electrophoresis ู‡ูˆ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:54,610 --> 00:15:00,890
791
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠู† ูˆุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุจูŠูƒ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุซู… Alpha-1
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:00,890 --> 00:15:09,170
795
+ ูˆAlpha-2 ูˆGamma Alpha-1 ูˆAlpha-2 ูˆBeta ุซู… Gamma
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:09,170 --> 00:15:11,710
799
+ Globulin
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:13,340 --> 00:15:17,300
803
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gamma Globulin ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:17,300 --> 00:15:20,960
807
+ Immunoglobulin ูุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:20,960 --> 00:15:24,040
811
+ ุงู„ Immunoglobulin ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠู‡ Peak ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:30,220
815
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ Peak ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:30,220 --> 00:15:36,320
819
+ Spike Spike ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูˆูƒุฉ ูˆููŠ Peak ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:36,320 --> 00:15:45,110
823
+ ูุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ Mู„ุชุฑ ูุจุณู…ูˆู‡ M
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:49,770
827
+ spikes ุทุจุนุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ ุงู„ immunoglobulin ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:49,770 --> 00:15:55,290
831
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ IGG
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:55,290 --> 00:16:01,090
835
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต ุฌุฑุงู… ุงู‡
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:01,090 --> 00:16:05,010
839
+ ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ urine sample ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:05,010 --> 00:16:13,700
843
+ low levelof normal ูˆhigh level of abnormal ู‡ุฏุง ูƒู„ู‡
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:13,700 --> 00:16:19,180
847
+ level of abnormal ู„ู„ู…ูŠู†ูˆูƒุฑูˆุงุจูŠู†ุงู† ุทุจ ูˆู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:19,180 --> 00:16:22,760
851
+ criteria ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ bone marrow plasma ุณู„ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:22,760 --> 00:16:26,760
855
+ ู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู„ุฃู…ุง spike ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:26,760 --> 00:16:30,580
859
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุซู… lytic bone lesion ุซู…
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:30,580 --> 00:16:36,510
863
+ normal IgM ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู†IGE ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 100 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:36,510 --> 00:16:59,650
867
+ 600 IGG
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:59,650 --> 00:17:01,690
871
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:01,690 --> 00:17:02,130
875
+ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:02,130 --> 00:17:02,130
879
+ 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:02,130 --> 00:17:02,130
883
+ IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:02,130 --> 00:17:02,310
887
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:02,310 --> 00:17:02,310
891
+ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:02,310 --> 00:17:02,410
895
+ 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:02,410 --> 00:17:02,530
899
+ IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:02,530 --> 00:17:02,530
903
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 600 IGG ุฃู‚ู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:02,530 --> 00:17:08,660
907
+ ู…ู† 600ุฃูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน B ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน C ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน D ู‡ุฐู‡
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:08,660 --> 00:17:12,600
911
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Diagnostic Criteria ูŠูˆู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุน A
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:12,600 --> 00:17:20,220
915
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุน C ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุน D ุงูŠุถุง ุทุจุนุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:20,220 --> 00:17:26,700
919
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ Major Criteria ุงูˆ A B ูˆC Major ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:26,700 --> 00:17:29,020
923
+ Minor Criteria
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:31,830 --> 00:17:36,650
927
+ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ุงุจูŠู†
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:36,650 --> 00:17:45,690
931
+ ุณูŠุฑุงู… ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ู…ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ุงุจูŠู„ูŠู† ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ุชูƒ ุจูŠู† ู„ูŠุฌูŠู†
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:45,690 --> 00:17:48,870
935
+ ู‡ุฐุง
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:48,870 --> 00:17:56,230
939
+ ุณูŠุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุฎุทูˆุทุฉ ูˆู…ุชูˆู‚ุนูŠุฉ ูู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูˆู…ุฉ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:56,230 --> 00:17:59,090
943
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:59,090 --> 00:18:01,510
947
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:01,510 --> 00:18:01,570
951
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:01,570 --> 00:18:04,840
955
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ุนุฏุฏto the myeloma
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:04,840 --> 00:18:10,520
959
+ cell ุทุจุนุง ููŠ sub classification ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ูŠุงู„ูˆ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:10,520 --> 00:18:13,740
963
+ according to the kidney function ูุฅุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:13,740 --> 00:18:16,960
967
+ ุฃุบู„ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:20,860
971
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† sub classification ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ clinical
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:20,860 --> 00:18:24,660
975
+ staging ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ hemoglobin ูˆ ุงู„ serum calcium
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:24,660 --> 00:18:28,560
979
+ ูˆ ุงู„ immunoglobulin ูˆุฌูˆุฏ lithic bone lesion ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:28,560 --> 00:18:35,100
983
+ ุซู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุจูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง according to the ash to the
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:35,100 --> 00:18:39,960
987
+ myeloma mass
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:44,060
991
+ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ low tumor mass ุงูˆ intermediate ุงูˆ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:44,060 --> 00:18:47,100
995
+ high ูˆ ุงู„ some classification ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ kidney
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:47,100 --> 00:18:51,440
999
+ functions ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุจุฑู‡ูŠุทูŠู†ูŠู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:51,440 --> 00:18:55,140
1003
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† poor diagnosis ูˆู‚ุช ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:55,140 --> 00:19:00,420
1007
+ cytogenetical abnormalities ููŠ ูƒุฑู…ุฒูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุญุฏุงุดุฑ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:00,420 --> 00:19:05,540
1011
+ ูˆุชู„ุงุชุงุดุฑุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุชุง ุชูˆ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ ุบู„ุงุจูŠ ู„ุฅู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:05,540 --> 00:19:11,420
1015
+ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุง ุชูˆ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:11,420 --> 00:19:16,660
1019
+ ุบู„ุงุจูŠ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ protein ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:16,660 --> 00:19:21,840
1023
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ myeloma multiple
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:21,840 --> 00:19:26,560
1027
+ myeloma disease treatment ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ there is
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:26,560 --> 00:19:30,320
1031
+ no curative therapyู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุนุงู„ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:30,320 --> 00:19:34,680
1035
+ symptomatically ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฎููู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ symptoms ูƒูŠูุŸ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:38,720
1039
+ ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ูˆุง ุฏู… ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู„ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุจุนุชูˆุง antibiotic
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:43,380
1043
+ ุฅุฐุง ููŠู‡ infection ูˆุจุนู…ู„ูˆุง local radiotherapy ุฅุฐุง
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:43,380 --> 00:19:48,400
1047
+ ููŠู‡ osteolytic bone ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง radiotherapy ู„ู„ bone
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:53,280
1051
+ ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆุจุนู…ู„ูˆุง dialysis for renal failure ูˆุจุนุชูˆุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:53,280 --> 00:19:57,960
1055
+ chemotherapy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ generating agent ุนุดุงู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:57,960 --> 00:20:04,240
1059
+ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ pain relief ูŠุฎูู ุงู„ู‚ู„ู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ response
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:04,240 --> 00:20:10,620
1063
+ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏ for this drug is slow ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:10,620 --> 00:20:14,860
1067
+ ุจุงู„ multiple myeloma ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุงู‡ ุจู†ูˆุงุฉ multiple
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:14,860 --> 00:20:18,460
1071
+ myeloma and plasma cell related plasma cell
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:18,460 --> 00:20:21,640
1075
+ disordersู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:21,640 --> 00:20:26,100
1079
+ Plasma Cell Disorder This disease is called
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:26,100 --> 00:20:31,980
1083
+ Woldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia ุงุณู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:31,980 --> 00:20:37,300
1087
+ Woldenstrom's ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ macro ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:37,300 --> 00:20:44,220
1091
+ Globulinemia ููŠ ุงู„ Globulin portion ุงูŠุด ุงู„
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:44,220 --> 00:20:46,780
1095
+ Woldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:46,780 --> 00:20:51,310
1099
+ uncommon really ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู…ูŠู„ูŠูˆู†
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:51,310 --> 00:20:55,270
1103
+ ููˆูŠุฏ ุฏูŠ ุณูˆุฑุฏุฑุฒ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุงู„ู€ Hyperviscosity ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:55,270 --> 00:20:58,670
1107
+ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ Excessive secretion of monoclonal IgM
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:58,670 --> 00:21:04,410
1111
+ immunoglobulin by malignant clone ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ูŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:04,410 --> 00:21:08,530
1115
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† malignant clone ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ one type of
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:08,530 --> 00:21:12,190
1119
+ immunoglobulin ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IgM ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ IgM ู‡ูˆ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:12,190 --> 00:21:16,900
1123
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ immunoglobulinุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:16,900 --> 00:21:21,360
1127
+ Hyperviscosity ุฃุณุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Multimilona ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนุทูŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:21,360 --> 00:21:26,640
1131
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Immunoproblem ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:26,640 --> 00:21:32,140
1135
+ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ loss of regulation of a clone of
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:32,140 --> 00:21:38,140
1139
+ cell ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ loss of regulation ุฌุงู„ู‡
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:38,140 --> 00:21:41,240
1143
+ ููŠ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocyte ู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ cell
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:46,930
1147
+ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูˆุณุงุทูŠุฉู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:46,930 --> 00:21:51,270
1151
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูู‰ ุงู„ regulation ู„ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ plasma cell
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:51,270 --> 00:21:56,450
1155
+ ูุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุณุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ B
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:56,450 --> 00:21:59,470
1159
+ lymphocyte ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ุงุด ุงู„ plasma cell it's a
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:59,470 --> 00:22:02,630
1163
+ malignant form it's an immature cell ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:02,630 --> 00:22:08,610
1167
+ lympho plasma cytoid cell ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุณุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ุงุด
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:08,610 --> 00:22:11,530
1171
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ B lymphocyte ูˆ ุงู„ plasma cell incidence
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:11,530 --> 00:22:15,080
1175
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† disease of the Wwith a peak
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:15,080 --> 00:22:19,600
1179
+ incidence ููŠ ุงู„ seventh decade ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:19,600 --> 00:22:26,420
1183
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:26,420 --> 00:22:29,840
1187
+ incidence ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ male ูˆ ุงู„ female ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง life
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:29,840 --> 00:22:33,300
1191
+ expectancy ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ู† ุชู…ุงู… ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู„ ุชู…ุงู… ุณู†ูˆุงุช
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:33,300 --> 00:22:36,980
1195
+ symptoms weight loss
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:45,870 --> 00:22:50,070
1199
+ Lymphadenopathy ุงูŠุถุงู‹ ูˆBruising or bleeding ู„ุฃู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:50,070 --> 00:22:55,810
1203
+ ุงู„ู€ Platelet ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ุฉ A long history of vague
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:55,810 --> 00:22:59,930
1207
+ weakness, fatigue and weight loss ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ูุชุฑุฉ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:59,930 --> 00:23:02,690
1211
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุทุจุนุง due to Anemia ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:02,690 --> 00:23:07,390
1215
+ Hyperviscosity Syndrome ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุฌุงุฑูˆุง ู…ุงู„ูŠุฌู†ุงู†ุช ูƒู„ูˆู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:07,390 --> 00:23:12,810
1219
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ infiltration and accumulation ofmonoclonal
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:12,810 --> 00:23:17,850
1223
+ immunoglobulin ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ malignant
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:17,850 --> 00:23:19,910
1227
+ infiltration ุงูˆ accumulation of malignant
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:19,910 --> 00:23:25,550
1231
+ monoclonal immunoglobulin clinical symptoms
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:25,550 --> 00:23:29,890
1235
+ accumulation of IgM ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ clinical
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:29,890 --> 00:23:34,310
1239
+ symptoms ุงู„ู‚ุงุชูŠุฉ ู†ุจุฑุฃ ูˆุงุญุฏ neurological symptoms
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:34,310 --> 00:23:40,180
1243
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ headacheูˆุงู„ู€ Vertigo ูˆุงู„ุถุนู ุงู„ุนุงู… And in
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:40,180 --> 00:23:45,340
1247
+ severe cases ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ unconsciousness ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:45,340 --> 00:23:52,920
1251
+ ุซู… visual disturbances ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ูˆุซู…
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:23:52,920 --> 00:23:56,800
1255
+ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ secondary to retinal hemorrhage ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:23:56,800 --> 00:24:03,040
1259
+ hemorrhage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฒูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ุดู…ูƒูŠุฉ and ุงุฏู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:03,040 --> 00:24:05,380
1263
+ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ permanent blindness
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:07,500 --> 00:24:13,420
1267
+ ุซู… cardiac failure and this is severe by the
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:24:13,420 --> 00:24:16,920
1271
+ increase in plasma viscosity ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ blood
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:20,860
1275
+ viscous ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ู†ุฒูˆู„ู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุตู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:24:20,860 --> 00:24:26,020
1279
+ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุถุนู ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ platelet
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:24:26,020 --> 00:24:30,120
1283
+ dysfunction ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:24:30,120 --> 00:24:34,960
1287
+ immunoglobulin ุจูŠุนู…ู„ coating ู„ู„ุจู„ุชู„ุช ูุจุชุจุทู„ ุดุบุงู„ุฉ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:36,660 --> 00:24:41,060
1291
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุณุชุงุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดู†
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:24:41,060 --> 00:24:46,260
1295
+ ู…ู† ูุงูŠุฑูŠู† ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุงู„ูŠุฒูŠุดู† ูˆูุงูƒุชูˆุฑู‡ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ activity by
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:24:46,260 --> 00:24:52,580
1299
+ monoclonal IgM ู…ุณุชุดุงุฑ ูŠุฌุฏ ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆุณูŠุชูŠูƒ ู†ูˆุฑู…ูˆูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠูƒ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:24:52,580 --> 00:24:58,220
1303
+ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃุจุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฅุชุฑูˆุจูŠูŠุณูŠุณ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:24:58,220 --> 00:25:03,000
1307
+ suppression by malignant cloneูˆู„ุงูŠ Formation ู„ุฅู†ู‡
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:03,000 --> 00:25:06,560
1311
+ ููŠู‡ HyperviscosityุŒ Chronic bleeding ู„ุฅู†ู‡
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:06,560 --> 00:25:12,120
1315
+ Andalusia by the increased plasma volume ุซู… ุงู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:25:12,120 --> 00:25:17,360
1319
+ white blood cell may be normal or depressed ู„ูƒู†
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:25:17,360 --> 00:25:24,370
1323
+ ููŠู‡ relative lymphocytosis ููŠis common that it
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:25:24,370 --> 00:25:28,490
1327
+ counts as normal at presentation ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต.
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:25:28,590 --> 00:25:31,330
1331
+ However, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia become
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:25:31,330 --> 00:25:36,610
1335
+ more severe as the disease progresses. However,
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:25:36,690 --> 00:25:39,350
1339
+ cellular and extremely hyperviscous bone marrow
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:25:39,350 --> 00:25:42,550
1343
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:25:42,550 --> 00:25:48,060
1347
+ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุฌุนู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุณุญุจ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู€ bone marrow is
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:25:48,060 --> 00:25:53,620
1351
+ difficult ู…ุฑูŠุฌู†ุงู†ุช ุณูŠู„ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† pleomorphic
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:25:53,620 --> 00:25:58,960
1355
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:25:58,960 --> 00:26:03,720
1359
+ lymphocytes ูˆู…ุฑุงุช ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ plasma cell
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:11,420
1363
+ however ู„ูƒู† it has an intermediate appearance ูˆ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:26:11,420 --> 00:26:14,320
1367
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง lymphoplasma cytode
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:26:18,350 --> 00:26:21,750
1371
+ ุจูŠุฑูˆู†ูˆุณูŠุฒ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ pattern of infiltration
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:26:21,750 --> 00:26:25,450
1375
+ ู„ู„ู…ู„ุบู†ุงู† ุชู‚ู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุตู„ูˆุง
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:26:25,450 --> 00:26:29,930
1379
+ infiltration ูˆ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ ู„ 3 ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู…ุง diffuse
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:26:29,930 --> 00:26:32,510
1383
+ infiltration ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ bone marrow ุจูŠุตู„ู‡
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:26:32,510 --> 00:26:36,810
1387
+ diffusion diffuse by by by ู…ู„ุบู†ุงู† cell and this
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:26:36,810 --> 00:26:41,130
1391
+ has a very poor prognosis ูˆ ุงู„ median survival
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:26:41,130 --> 00:26:46,630
1395
+ time ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 17 ุดู‡ุฑModular infiltration ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:26:46,630 --> 00:26:51,310
1399
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ูŠ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง it has a better prognosis ุงู„
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:26:51,310 --> 00:26:55,550
1403
+ medium survival time 72 ุดู‡ุฑ ุซู… intermediate form
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:26:55,550 --> 00:27:01,230
1407
+ of infiltration ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฃุดูƒุงู„
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:27:01,230 --> 00:27:03,890
1411
+ ุงู„ modular ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ diffuse infiltration ู…ุน
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:27:03,890 --> 00:27:11,050
1415
+ ุจุนุถ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ medium age ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 52 ุดู‡ุฑ treatment
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:27:11,050 --> 00:27:22,110
1419
+ symptomatic reliefุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ูุงุฑูŠุณุฒ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:27:22,110 --> 00:27:25,310
1423
+ ู…ู† ุญูŠุจุฑูุณูƒุงุณูŠุชูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ debulking ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:27:25,310 --> 00:27:30,230
1427
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ immunoglobulin ูุจู†ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„hyperviscosity
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:27:30,230 --> 00:27:36,360
1431
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงู„ immunoglobulinุฅุฐุง ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูŠุฌุจ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:27:36,360 --> 00:27:40,740
1435
+ ุฃู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ Chemotherapy as a Treatment
1436
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/nt5sVxbV750.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2991 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:04,390 --> 00:00:10,130
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฃุดุฑู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:10,130 --> 00:00:14,910
7
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ hemopoiesis ูˆ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:14,910 --> 00:00:20,590
11
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ disorders ู…ุชู…ุซู„ุฉ ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:20,590 --> 00:00:25,870
15
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ anemia ูˆ ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู€ nutritional anemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:25,870 --> 00:00:31,670
19
+ ุงู„ู€ anemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ nutrition ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,670 --> 00:00:37,210
23
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ anemia ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ iron
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:37,210 --> 00:00:44,710
27
+ deficiency anemia ู‡ู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุดุฑูŠุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:44,710 --> 00:00:51,070
31
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:51,070 --> 00:00:53,670
35
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ู„ู€ chemistry of
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:56,630 --> 00:01:01,870
39
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุซู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ chemistry ู‡ู†ุชูู‡ู… ุฏูˆุฑู‡ ูˆู†ุดูˆู
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:01,870 --> 00:01:07,210
43
+ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู€ defect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฎู„ู„
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:07,210 --> 00:01:15,250
47
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ anemia ุงู„ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:15,250 --> 00:01:18,650
51
+ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู€ iron deficiency
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:18,650 --> 00:01:24,590
55
+ ุนู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู€ role of iron ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:30,370 --> 00:01:34,970
59
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ ironุŸ ุงู„ู€ iron
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:34,970 --> 00:01:39,510
63
+ compound involved in cellular ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุนูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:39,510 --> 00:01:43,450
67
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ cellular metabolism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:43,450 --> 00:01:48,090
71
+ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุฃุฎุต ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ heme ูˆ ุงู„ู€ iron
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:48,090 --> 00:01:54,150
75
+ compound ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ hemeุŸ ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:55,660 --> 00:02:01,760
79
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ oxygen carrying compound ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ Iron
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:01,760 --> 00:02:06,420
83
+ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูˆุฌู„ูˆุจู† ุงุตู„ุง oxygen carrying compound ุจุฑุถู‡
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:06,420 --> 00:02:10,440
87
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ muscles ุซู… ููŠ certain enzymes ุฒูŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:14,520
91
+ ุงู„ู€ Cytochromes ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ oxygen electron transport enzyme
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:20,040
95
+ for oxidation ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:22,600
99
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cellular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ non-heme
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:23,060 --> 00:02:27,100
103
+ ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ ููŠ certain enzymes ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ NADPH ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ NADH
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:27,100 --> 00:02:30,720
107
+ enzyme ูˆ ุงู„ู€ succinic dehydrogenase enzymeุŒ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:30,720 --> 00:02:36,220
111
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ iron
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:36,220 --> 00:02:41,820
115
+ metabolism ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ heme synthesisุŒ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:41,820 --> 00:02:46,240
119
+ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ iron ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ compound which is
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:51,320
123
+ required which are required for iron storageุŒ ูˆ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:57,020
127
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฎุตูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุชู„ุงุช ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Transferrin ูˆ ุงู„ู€
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:57,020 --> 00:03:03,340
131
+ Hemocydrine ูˆ ุงู„ู€ FerritinุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Iron ููŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:03,340 --> 00:03:06,820
135
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ Iron ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌุฑุงู…
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:06,820 --> 00:03:12,740
139
+ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… Iron ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ุชู„ุงุช ุฃุฑุจุงุนู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ as
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:12,740 --> 00:03:16,640
143
+ Oxygen Carrying Compound Oxygen Carrying Compound
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:16,640 --> 00:03:21,370
147
+ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช Hemoglobin ุฃูˆ MyoglobinุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ blood
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:21,370 --> 00:03:28,390
151
+ circulation ุฃูˆ ููŠ ... ููŠ ุงู„ู€ muscleุŒ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:28,390 --> 00:03:32,550
155
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† iron stores ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ iron stores
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:32,550 --> 00:03:37,790
159
+ ูˆู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ circulating hemoglobin 60% body
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:37,790 --> 00:03:44,130
163
+ stores 25% ุงู„ู€ circulating hemoglobin ูˆุงู„ู€ myoglobin
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:44,130 --> 00:03:50,070
167
+ 10% 60% ูˆ7% ูˆ10% ูˆ70% ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู„ุงุช ุฃุฑุจุงุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฑุจุน
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:50,070 --> 00:03:54,950
171
+ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ 25 body stores ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ 5%ุŒ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง 4% ู…ู†ู‡ุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:54,950 --> 00:03:58,490
175
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrowุŒ 1% enzyme ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:58,490 --> 00:04:01,570
179
+ point one ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ circulating
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:01,570 --> 00:04:09,270
183
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠู‡ู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุตู†ูุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:09,270 --> 00:04:15,170
187
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 2500 milligramุŒ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ male ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:15,170 --> 00:04:18,910
191
+ female ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ male ูˆ ุงู„ู€
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:18,910 --> 00:04:22,770
195
+ female concentration
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:22,770 --> 00:04:28,730
199
+ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ male ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ female ููŠ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:28,730 --> 00:04:33,120
203
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ male ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 2500 ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:33,120 --> 00:04:36,160
207
+ ุจูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ male ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:42,580
211
+ femaleุŒ ุงู„ู€ female 1700 ู…ูŠูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† 500 ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ serum ุฃูƒุซุฑ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:42,580 --> 00:04:48,500
215
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ male ููŠ ุงู„ู€ female 300 serum iron 3 ู…ูŠู„ูŠ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:48,500 --> 00:04:53,480
219
+ ุฌุฑุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ iron stores ู…ู† 500 ู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ male ุจู…ุง
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:53,480 --> 00:05:00,380
223
+ ู„ุง ูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ู€ 200 ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ femaleุŒ ุงู„ู€ turnover of iron
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:00,380 --> 00:05:05,480
227
+ ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ figureุŒ ุงู„ู€ iron ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ one
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:05,480 --> 00:05:11,640
231
+ way elementุŒ ุจุณ ู„ู‡ absorption ูˆ ุจ ... ู†ู…ุชุต ุงู„ู€ iron ุจุณ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:11,640 --> 00:05:15,640
235
+ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† 1 ู„ 2 milligram daily ูˆููŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:15,640 --> 00:05:21,200
239
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจู†ูู‚ุฏู‡ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ุŒ ู…ุง ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:27,060
243
+ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏูˆุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ ironุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ iron ู‡ูˆ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:27,060 --> 00:05:30,860
247
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ู„ู€ hemoglobin ูˆ ุงู„ู€
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:30,860 --> 00:05:34,300
251
+ hemoglobin ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง RBCs
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:34,300 --> 00:05:41,820
255
+ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุจูŠุชุชุตู†ุน ุจุฏุงู„ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุง RBCs
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:41,820 --> 00:05:43,900
259
+ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ hemostasis
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:48,770 --> 00:05:53,190
263
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ู…ุฑุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:53,190 --> 00:05:57,070
267
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุจูŠุตู†ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง RBCs ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ hemostasis
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:57,070 --> 00:06:06,090
271
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ iron turnoverุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ myoglobin ุงู„ู„ูŠ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:06,090 --> 00:06:08,570
275
+ ููŠู‡ 300 ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ูˆุงู„ู€ body store
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:12,290 --> 00:06:15,410
279
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุซุงุจุชุฉุŒ ุฃูŠ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ iron in excess
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:15,410 --> 00:06:19,590
283
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ู„ู„ู€ iron ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:19,590 --> 00:06:23,470
287
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 10 over ุซุงุจุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง hemostatic 10 over ู„ู„ู€
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:23,470 --> 00:06:24,710
291
+ iron ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:28,830 --> 00:06:32,770
295
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุจูŠุตู†ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง RBCs ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:32,770 --> 00:06:37,410
299
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ูู‚ุฏุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:37,410 --> 00:06:41,270
303
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ูู‚ุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:41,270 --> 00:06:45,730
307
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนุฑู‚ ูˆุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ urine ูˆ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:45,730 --> 00:06:49,150
311
+ ุงู„ู€ feces ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:49,150 --> 00:06:57,430
315
+ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ุŒ WHO ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุจูŠู†
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:57,430 --> 00:07:01,690
319
+ ู„ูŠ daily iron losses and requirement and ููŠ ุนู…ุฑ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:01,690 --> 00:07:08,750
323
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ daily loss ููŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:08,750 --> 00:07:12,710
327
+ ุงู„ู€ urine ูˆ ุงู„ู€ skin ูˆ ุงู„ู€ feces ูˆ etcุŒ ุจู†ูู‚ุฏู‡ุง ูู‚ุทุงู†
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:12,710 --> 00:07:17,930
331
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ female ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ menses ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชูู‚ุฏ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:17,930 --> 00:07:26,270
335
+ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจุนุฏ ุณู† ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ู…ุง ูŠูู‚ุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ู…ุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:26,270 --> 00:07:34,570
339
+ ูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Total Iron Loss
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:37,240 --> 00:07:40,840
343
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ total iron loss ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ total iron
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:40,840 --> 00:07:44,340
347
+ requirementุŒ sorry ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:44,340 --> 00:07:50,080
351
+ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ุŒ ูุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:50,080 --> 00:07:55,160
355
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง female ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง 15 ู„ู€ 17 ุณู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ 18 ุณู†ุฉ ููŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:55,160 --> 00:08:02,980
359
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชูู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง point 87 milligram
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:04,310 --> 00:08:07,770
363
+ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ menses ูƒู…ุงู† ุชูู‚ุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ point four ููŠ eight
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:07,770 --> 00:08:13,690
367
+ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู† ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู…ูˆุŒ ุชูู‚ุฏุด ุฅุดูŠ ููŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:13,690 --> 00:08:17,390
371
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูู‚ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณู† 1
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:17,390 --> 00:08:20,630
375
+ point three ุฃูˆ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณู† 1 point
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:20,630 --> 00:08:21,270
379
+ three five
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:24,630 --> 00:08:27,430
383
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ Iron requirement ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:27,430 --> 00:08:30,590
387
+ one way elementุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ absorption ู…ุง ููŠ execution
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:30,590 --> 00:08:34,710
391
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ... ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู„ุงุจุฏ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:34,710 --> 00:08:39,430
395
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ absorptionุŒ absorption is increased
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:39,430 --> 00:08:42,910
399
+ in iron deficiency ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูŠูˆู… ูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ iron ุจุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:42,910 --> 00:08:47,130
403
+ ูŠู…ุชุต ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ and increase when body iron stores
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:47,130 --> 00:08:52,250
407
+ are depletedุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุชูุถู„ ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ Iron ู†ุงุฎุฏ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:52,250 --> 00:08:57,000
411
+ Iron ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ daily iron
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:57,000 --> 00:08:59,720
415
+ requirement ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ amount lost ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ููŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:59,720 --> 00:09:04,920
419
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ amount required ุทูŠุจ ูˆู‚ุชุงุด ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:04,920 --> 00:09:10,320
423
+ ู„ู„ู€ iron ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ female ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ menstruating
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:10,320 --> 00:09:13,880
427
+ menstrual cycle ุดู‡ุฑูŠุฉ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:20,100 --> 00:09:24,700
431
+ ูƒู„ cycleุŒ ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† 15 ู„ 30
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:24,700 --> 00:09:31,680
435
+ milligram ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„ 1 ml of blood ููŠ ู†ุต ml ู…ู†
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:31,680 --> 00:09:37,760
439
+ ุงู„ู€ ironุŒ ุฃูŠุถุง ุชูู‚ุฏ ุฃูˆ ุชุญุชุงุฌ iron ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:40,260 --> 00:09:44,940
443
+ ููŠ pregnancy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ fetus ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ fetal
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:44,940 --> 00:09:49,280
447
+ placental growth ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ expansion ู„ู„ู€ blood
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:49,280 --> 00:09:54,680
451
+ volume mother blood volume ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:54,680 --> 00:10:00,280
455
+ ุจุชุชุถุงุนูุŒ ุซู… ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฃูˆ ุญุฑุฌุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:00,280 --> 00:10:04,580
459
+ hemorrhage in delivery ูƒู„ female ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชูู‚ุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:04,580 --> 00:10:11,220
463
+ ุงู„ู€ blood ุฃุซู†ุงุก ูˆู„ุงุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ absorption ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:11,220 --> 00:10:15,840
467
+ ุจู†ู…ุต ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 5 ู„ 10% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:15,840 --> 00:10:19,440
471
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฃูƒู„ู†ุงุŒ ุฌุฏุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุฃูƒู„ู†ุงุŸ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ู…ู† 10
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:19,440 --> 00:10:24,700
475
+ ู„ 15 milligram ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ ... ุงู„ ...
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:24,700 --> 00:10:29,000
479
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฃูƒู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ ... ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:32,080
483
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ red meatุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ green
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:32,080 --> 00:10:37,490
487
+ vegetablesุŒ ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ู€ and supplemented cerealุŒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:37,490 --> 00:10:44,430
491
+ ุงู„ู€ fortified ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ... ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฒูˆุฏุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:44,430 --> 00:10:51,730
495
+ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ and ... and fishุŒ ุงู„ู€ dietary iron fall into
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:51,730 --> 00:10:56,550
499
+ one of two category ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง organic iron ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:56,550 --> 00:11:01,840
503
+ inorganic ironุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ inorganic iron ู‡ูˆ ุฃูุถู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:01,840 --> 00:11:05,240
507
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุชุจุนู‡ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cereal ูˆ ุงู„ู€
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:05,240 --> 00:11:08,480
511
+ vegetableุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ heme iron ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:08,480 --> 00:11:13,600
515
+ ... ููŠ ุงู„ู€ dairy ูˆ ุงู„ู€ meat productุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:13,600 --> 00:11:17,120
519
+ absorptionุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ absorption ู„ู„ู€ inorganic
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:19,260
523
+ usually
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:23,060 --> 00:11:27,160
527
+ ุจุชุชุญุณู† ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ reducing agentุŒ ูˆุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ reducing
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:27,160 --> 00:11:29,860
531
+ agentุŸ ุฌุงู„ู‡ reducing agent ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ solubility
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:29,860 --> 00:11:36,880
535
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† complexes ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ iron with this
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:36,880 --> 00:11:40,780
539
+ reducing agentุŒ ูˆุจุชุชู… ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู€
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:40,780 --> 00:11:44,620
543
+ reducing agent ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ascorbic acid ูˆ ุงู„ู€ vitamin
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:44,620 --> 00:11:51,520
547
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ fructose ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ glucose ูˆ ุงู„ู€ succinate ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:51,520 --> 00:11:52,100
551
+ ุนู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:55,260 --> 00:12:00,580
555
+ ุงู„ู€ Reducing agentุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ู€
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:00,580 --> 00:12:03,340
559
+ Iron ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Chelating agent ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Chelators
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:03,340 --> 00:12:07,960
563
+ agent ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู‘ู† Complexes ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุนู†ูŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:13,280
567
+ ูŠุตุนุจ ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡ุง ูŠุตุนุจ ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฒูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:13,280 --> 00:12:19,860
571
+ ุงู„ููˆุณููŠุช ูˆุงู„ูุงูŠุชูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูƒุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑ ุจุชู…ู†ุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:19,860 --> 00:12:24,100
575
+ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู…ุงู†
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:24,100 --> 00:12:29,000
579
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ูˆุดุฑุจ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ู…ู†
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:34,980
583
+ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:34,980 --> 00:12:41,540
587
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุงู„ู€ mechanism of iron absorption ุจุชุชู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:41,540 --> 00:12:45,460
591
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:45,460 --> 00:12:51,880
595
+ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ pH ูˆุงุทูŠุฉุŒ low pH
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:51,880 --> 00:12:57,900
599
+ ูˆููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† reducing agent ุซุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ vitamin
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:57,900 --> 00:13:04,340
603
+ C ุฃูˆ ascorbic acid ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:04,340 --> 00:13:11,900
607
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ูุฑู‘ุณุŒ ุซู… ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูˆููŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:11,900 --> 00:13:16,860
611
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุงู„ู€ pH ู…ุด acidicุŒ alkaline ูุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:17,430 --> 00:13:22,050
615
+ ุงู„ู€ alkaline ุจูŠุฃุชุด ุฅู„ู‰ ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒ compound ุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:22,050 --> 00:13:27,870
619
+ ุจูŠุตู„ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุจุชู… ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:27,870 --> 00:13:31,510
623
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒ ูˆุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ intestinal mucosal cell as
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:31,510 --> 00:13:38,060
627
+ ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒ compound ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ one way
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:38,060 --> 00:13:41,240
631
+ element ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ููŠุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ execution
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:41,240 --> 00:13:45,140
635
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ iron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุด
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:45,140 --> 00:13:51,620
639
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ absorption ุฃุญุฏ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:51,620 --> 00:13:55,760
643
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุถุนุช ู„ู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ absorption ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:55,760 --> 00:13:58,760
647
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง mucosal block theoryุŒ ุงูŠุด ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:58,760 --> 00:14:03,040
651
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู€ intestinal mucosa
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:03,040 --> 00:14:08,360
655
+ ุจูŠุชุฌู…ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestinal mucosa ุซู… ุจูŠุชุญุณุณ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:08,360 --> 00:14:15,880
659
+ ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ูุงุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ู€ iron ุงู„ู„ูŠ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:15,880 --> 00:14:20,300
663
+ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ intestinal mucosa ุฃู† ูŠุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุฅุฐุง
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:20,300 --> 00:14:26,320
667
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ุจูŠุถู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุฎุฒู† as ferritin
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:31,860
671
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestinal mucosa ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:31,860 --> 00:14:37,560
675
+ ุนู† ู…ุจุทู† ... ุจูŠุซู„ู‘ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ cells ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุจูŠุซู„ู‘ู‡ุง
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:37,560 --> 00:14:42,300
679
+ sloughing out ุจุนุฏ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:42,300 --> 00:14:49,320
683
+ ุจุชุชุฌุฏุฏ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„... ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ stool ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจูˆู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:49,320 --> 00:14:56,280
687
+ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ stoolุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:56,280 --> 00:15:01,360
691
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ูุงุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุจุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:09,420
695
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ mucosal block theoryุŒ ุทูŠุจ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:09,420 --> 00:15:13,300
699
+ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุŸ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ู†ุงู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:13,300 --> 00:15:17,300
703
+ iron ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงุณู…ู‡ Transferrin
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:17,300 --> 00:15:20,640
707
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Beta Globulin ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุชุจุนู‡
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:20,640 --> 00:15:21,460
711
+ 74000
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:30,370 --> 00:15:35,090
715
+ ุจุฃูƒุฏ ุงู„ู€ Transferrin ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:35,090 --> 00:15:41,470
719
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ iron ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ is transported by ุงู„ู€ Transferrin ุงู„ู„ูŠ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:41,470 --> 00:15:47,910
723
+ ุญุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ iron ู„ู€ bone marrow ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู€
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:47,910 --> 00:15:48,650
727
+ hemoglobin
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:51,710 --> 00:15:59,250
731
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ erythroblast ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง Receptor
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:59,250 --> 00:16:05,510
735
+ ู„ู€ TransferrinุŒ Receptor ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Transferrin Receptor ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:05,510 --> 00:16:11,530
739
+ ุจุงู„ู€ Transferrin ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุตูŠุฑ Transferrin ู„ู€ Transferrin
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:12,180 --> 00:16:17,500
743
+ ReceptorุŒ ุจุงู„ู€ Transferrin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:17,500 --> 00:16:22,600
747
+ ุงู„ู€ erythroblast ุซู… ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ erythroblast ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:28,600
751
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ removal ู„ู„ู€ iron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุบู„ ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:28,600 --> 00:16:32,520
755
+ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ exvaginationุŒ ุจุฑุฌุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Receptor
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:32,520 --> 00:16:37,300
759
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุญู…ู„ ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ ุจุงู„ู€ Transferrin ู„ูƒู†
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:37,300 --> 00:16:41,840
763
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Transferrin ูุงุถูŠุŒ ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ ุจู€ Transferrin
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:41,840 --> 00:16:44,820
767
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ Transferrin ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ iron ูŠุนู†ูŠ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:44,820 --> 00:16:50,500
771
+ ูุงุถูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฃุจูˆ TransferrinุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Transferrin ุงู„ูุงุถูŠ ู‡ูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:50,500 --> 00:16:56,010
775
+ ุฃุจูˆ TransferrinุŒ ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ู‡ูˆ Transferrin ุทูŠุจ ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู€
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:56,010 --> 00:16:58,530
779
+ intestinal mucosaุŒ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุญุชุงุฌูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:58,530 --> 00:17:03,150
783
+ ุจู†ุฎุดุดู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ blood ุทุจุนุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:17:03,150 --> 00:17:07,130
787
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestinal mucosa ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูุฑู‘ุณ ูˆ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:17:07,130 --> 00:17:12,170
791
+ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ blood as ferrous ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ blood ููŠ ู†ุธุงู…
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:12,170 --> 00:17:17,610
795
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ferro oxidase ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒ ูˆ as
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:17,610 --> 00:17:23,330
799
+ ferricุŒ ุงู„ู€ Transferrin ุจูŠุญู…ู„ู‡ as ferric as ferric ูŠุจู‚ู‰
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:23,330 --> 00:17:30,610
803
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู„ู„ู€ iron ู…ู† ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒ ู„ูุฑู‘ุณ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:30,610 --> 00:17:37,810
807
+ ู„ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒ ู„ูุฑู‘ุณ ุซู… ุจูŠุญู…ู„ as ูุฑู‘ูŠูƒุŒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ double
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:37,810 --> 00:17:43,630
811
+ redox reactionุŒ double redox ูŠุนู†ูŠ reduction
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:43,630 --> 00:17:51,150
815
+ oxidation reactionุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู€ iron
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:52,130 --> 00:17:56,410
819
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ iron ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠู†
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:56,410 --> 00:18:02,710
823
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Ferritin ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ูˆFerritin
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:18:02,710 --> 00:18:06,770
827
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† compoundุŒ ู…ูˆู„ูƒูˆู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:18:06,770 --> 00:18:10,810
831
+ ุฃู„ู ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† polypeptide subunits
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:18:10,810 --> 00:18:14,230
835
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:14,230 --> 00:18:20,990
839
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ halosphere ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ diameter ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:20,990 --> 00:18:33,710
843
+ ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑุŒ ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุงู‡ุง ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ 25% ู…ู†ู‡ุง iron ูˆุฒู†ุง ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆุง
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:33,710 --> 00:18:40,910
847
+ ุฃู† ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ iron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจู…ุนุธู…ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:40,910 --> 00:18:45,070
851
+ FerritinุŒ ุจู…ุนุธู…ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† FerritinุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:45,070 --> 00:18:51,390
855
+ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ iron ุจู…ุนุธู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ FerritinุŒ ูˆFerritin ู‡ูˆ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:51,390 --> 00:18:52,130
859
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒุฑุฉ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:56,170 --> 00:19:01,950
863
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ sphere ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ diameter
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:19:01,950 --> 00:19:08,190
867
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ iron ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒู‡ุง ู…ุฑูƒุฒ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:19:08,190 --> 00:19:16,310
871
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉุŒ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† capacity of
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:19:16,310 --> 00:19:21,790
875
+ storage of iron infinity is exceededุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏุช
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:19:24,440 --> 00:19:28,900
879
+ ุจุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ู€ Ferritin ุจู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ูƒู…ุจุงูˆู†ุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ phosphate ุนู†ุฏ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:28,900 --> 00:19:33,600
883
+ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ form ูˆุจุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชูุชูุช ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ Hemosiderin
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:33,600 --> 00:19:41,480
887
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุฃูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Ferritin ูƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:41,480 --> 00:19:41,900
891
+ iron
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:45,570 --> 00:19:50,070
895
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ HemosiderinุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ amorphous form
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:50,070 --> 00:19:55,090
899
+ of ุงู„ู€ Ferritin 37
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:55,090 --> 00:20:02,830
903
+ % ู…ู† ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ู€ iron ุทุจุนุงุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ iron ููŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:20:02,830 --> 00:20:07,770
907
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฒูŠุงุฏุชู‡
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:20:07,770 --> 00:20:12,170
911
+ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุฑุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:20:12,170 --> 00:20:14,350
915
+ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ุง dysfunctional
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:22,260
919
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:20:22,260 --> 00:20:26,940
923
+ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ iron ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŸ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:20:27,920 --> 00:20:31,740
927
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:31,740 --> 00:20:35,840
931
+ total iron binding capacityุŒ total ironุŒ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:39,260
935
+ iron ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู€ Transferrin ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง total
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:39,260 --> 00:20:43,880
939
+ iron binding capacityุŒ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ saturated ูŠุนู†ูŠ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:43,880 --> 00:20:48,580
943
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู€ unsaturated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุŒ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:48,580 --> 00:20:55,200
947
+ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุท ูู‚ุท ู‡ูˆ ุชู„ุช ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:55,200 --> 00:20:58,460
951
+ Transferrin ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ column ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:58,460 --> 00:21:02,700
955
+ TransferrinุŒ ุชู„ุชูŠู†ู‡ ูุงุถูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุช ูู‚ุท ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:02,700 --> 00:21:06,320
959
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุบุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุช ูู‚ุท ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุบุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:06,320 --> 00:21:10,920
963
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:10,920 --> 00:21:15,600
967
+ ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ุดุฎุต ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:15,600 --> 00:21:21,160
971
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุญูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญูŠุŒ ุงู„ู€ normal ุชู„ุช
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:30,870
975
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุซู„ุซูŠู† ูุงุถูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน 300 ู…ุธุจูˆุท
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:30,870 --> 00:21:35,630
979
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฅู† ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุดุบุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุซูŠู† ูุงุถูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:35,630 --> 00:21:39,370
983
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Transferrin ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุฃู†ุง
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:39,370 --> 00:21:45,190
987
+ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ู„ู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู€ ... ุจุงู„ู€ iron ู„ูƒู† ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:45,190 --> 00:21:51,890
991
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุชู„ุช ุงู„ู€ Transferrin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:51,890 --> 00:21:55,430
995
+ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุฏูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:55,430 --> 00:21:58,670
999
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ late pregnancy ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ iron ุจูŠู‚ู„
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:58,670 --> 00:22:02,750
1003
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ูุงู„ู€ Transferrin ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู€ iron
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:02,750 --> 00:22:07,610
1007
+ ุจุชู‚ู„ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ total iron binding capacity ู…ุงุดูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:07,610 --> 00:22:11,730
1011
+ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ volume ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:11,730 --> 00:22:18,030
1015
+ ู‡ุฏุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ column ุฒุงุฏุŒ ุตุงุฑ ุจุฏู„ 300 ู‚ุฏ ุงูŠุดุŸ 500ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:18,030 --> 00:22:21,150
1019
+ iron deficiency ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉุŒ ุฌู„ ุงู„ู€ iron ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:21,150 --> 00:22:29,750
1023
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู€ Transferrin binding capacity ุงู„ู€
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:29,750 --> 00:22:32,290
1027
+ ... ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ู€ Transferrin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:32,290 --> 00:22:37,810
1031
+ saturation ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:37,810 --> 00:22:41,830
1035
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ total iron binding capacity ููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุฉ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:41,830 --> 00:22:51,090
1039
+ ุงู„ู€ iron ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ููŠุด ุจู„ุฏ volume ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ู
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:51,090 --> 00:22:54,710
1043
+ total aerobic capacity ุจุชู‚ู„ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:54,710 --> 00:23:00,430
1047
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅู† ู†ุดุฎุต ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:00,430 --> 00:23:07,170
1051
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ profile ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ูˆ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:07,170 --> 00:23:10,430
1055
+ ู†ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ different types of anemiaุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:10,430 --> 00:23:14,920
1059
+ iron deficiency chronic anemiaุŒ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:14,920 --> 00:23:18,360
1063
+ Aplastic AnemiaุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:18,360 --> 00:23:24,460
1067
+ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช TIBCุŒ ุงู„ู€ Iron Total Iron
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:24,460 --> 00:23:28,060
1071
+ Binding CapacityุŒ Transferrin Saturation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:28,060 --> 00:23:33,820
1075
+ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุชุดุจุน ุงู„ู€ Transferrin ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุซู… Serum FerritinุŒ ุซู…
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:33,820 --> 00:23:37,760
1079
+ Serum Transferrin ReceptorุŒ ุซู… ุงู„ู€ Bone Marrow Iron
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:40,180
1083
+ Store ูˆุงู„ู€ Erythroblasts
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:43,910 --> 00:23:48,030
1087
+ Serum ุงู„ู€ Transferrin Receptor ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ูˆูŠุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:48,030 --> 00:23:51,610
1091
+ ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:51,610 --> 00:23:56,730
1095
+ Transferrin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุณูƒ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ... ุงุญู†ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:56,730 --> 00:23:59,430
1099
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ SerumุŒ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Erythroblasts
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:59,430 --> 00:24:02,750
1103
+ ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ Serum ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:02,750 --> 00:24:08,730
1107
+ ุงู„ู€ Iron ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ูŠู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:08,730 --> 00:24:14,840
1111
+ ุงู„ู€ Transferrin Receptor ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:14,840 --> 00:24:18,240
1115
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุณุชุบู„ ุงู„ู€ Transferrin
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:18,240 --> 00:24:23,640
1119
+ Receptor ุจูŠุตุจุญ ู„ู‡ TruncationุŒ ุจูŠุฎู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ erythroblast ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:23,640 --> 00:24:28,000
1123
+ ุงู„ุงุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุณูŠู„ ูˆูŠุตุจุญ ู„ู‡ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:32,800
1127
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู… ููŠูˆู… ู…ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:32,800 --> 00:24:40,550
1131
+ ุงู„ Receptor ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ Iron Deficiency ุฃูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:40,550 --> 00:24:44,030
1135
+ Anemia ุฃูˆ MicrocytosisุŒ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ููŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:44,030 --> 00:24:50,230
1139
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุฑุถูˆ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู†
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:50,230 --> 00:24:56,210
1143
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:56,210 --> 00:24:59,670
1147
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ Anemia ูˆ ููŠ ุดู†ุณูŠ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ Anemia
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:59,670 --> 00:25:04,510
1151
+ Microcytosis ุจุชุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ marker ูˆู‡ูˆ Serum
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:04,510 --> 00:25:06,490
1155
+ Transferrin Receptor
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:15,360
1159
+ ูˆ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฃู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ iron metabolism
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:25:15,360 --> 00:25:20,120
1163
+ disorder ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู‡ูŠ iron
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:25:20,120 --> 00:25:27,160
1167
+ deficiency anemia ุจุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ iron
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:34,700
1171
+ concentration ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆ ุดูˆูŠ ุดูˆูŠ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:34,700 --> 00:25:35,800
1175
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:43,690 --> 00:25:46,390
1179
+ Iron Deficiency Anemia ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ Iron Deficiency
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:46,390 --> 00:25:51,670
1183
+ Anemia ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุธู‡ุฑ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:51,670 --> 00:25:57,090
1187
+ ููŠู‡ุง symptoms ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Iron Deficiency
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:57,090 --> 00:26:01,710
1191
+ Anemia ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุชุงุนุฉ Iron Deficiency AnemiaุŸ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:01,710 --> 00:26:05,230
1195
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ Negative Iron Balance ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:05,230 --> 00:26:09,750
1199
+ Negative Iron BalanceุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏู‡
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:09,750 --> 00:26:15,530
1203
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุชุต ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ุชุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ูุจุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุงุฎุฏ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:26:15,530 --> 00:26:20,330
1207
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุจุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู…ู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:20,330 --> 00:26:24,990
1211
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† latent iron deficiency ุฅุฐุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:24,990 --> 00:26:30,230
1215
+ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุช ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุฒูˆู… ุจุชูุถู„ ู…ุฎุงุฒู†ู‡ ู„ูƒู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:30,230 --> 00:26:35,130
1219
+ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ ููŠู‡ normal hemopoiesis ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:35,130 --> 00:26:42,810
1223
+ ุจุชุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ุจุชูƒููŠ ู„ุนู…ู„ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:42,810 --> 00:26:47,770
1227
+ ุฅุฐุง ุชุทูˆุฑุช ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู†ุตู„ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุชูุถู„ ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ูˆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูู„
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:47,770 --> 00:26:53,250
1231
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:53,250 --> 00:26:56,410
1235
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง iron deficient erythropoiesis ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:56,410 --> 00:27:01,310
1239
+ ุงู„ุงุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุจูŠูŠุณูŠุณ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:01,310 --> 00:27:04,790
1243
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชู…ุฑุช ุจูŠุดูŠุฑ ููŠ iron deficient anemia
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:04,790 --> 00:27:10,810
1247
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชุฃุซุฑ ุชุฃุซุฑุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:13,040 --> 00:27:16,260
1251
+ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู€ iron deficiency ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุจุฑูˆุญู‡ุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:16,260 --> 00:27:21,000
1255
+ decrease supply of iron ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงุด iron ุจูŠุฎุด ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:25,660
1259
+ or increase requirement of iron ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:25,660 --> 00:27:30,480
1263
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุทู„ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงุญุชูŠุงุฌุงุชู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃูˆู„ ุณุจุจ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:30,480 --> 00:27:34,600
1267
+ decrease supply of iron ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจุชู†ุฏุฑุฌ ุนู† ุชุญุชูŠ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:35,390 --> 00:27:40,030
1271
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุงุชูŠุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง inadequate diet ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:40,030 --> 00:27:44,070
1275
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ูˆุฏู‡ ูƒู„ุงู…
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:44,070 --> 00:27:48,590
1279
+ ุจูŠู†ุทุจู‚ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ูŠ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ูŠ ููŠ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:48,590 --> 00:27:53,930
1283
+ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ 18 milligram ู…ู† ุงู„ iron
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:53,930 --> 00:28:00,210
1287
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูู‚ุท ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑ ู…ู„ู„ูŠุบุฑุงู… ุณุจุจ ุชุงู†ูŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:00,210 --> 00:28:04,740
1291
+ which is common usually ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‡ูˆ ู…ุงู„ absorption of
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:04,740 --> 00:28:09,900
1295
+ dietary iron ู…ุงู„ absorption of dietary iron ุทูŠุจุŒ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:09,900 --> 00:28:11,920
1299
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ absorption.
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:12,240 --> 00:28:15,680
1303
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู†ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ.
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:18,580
1307
+ ุทุจ ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠู…ุชุต ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุกุŒ elementary
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:18,580 --> 00:28:22,960
1311
+ tract, dodenal ูˆุงู„ุฃุจุฑุฌูŠุฌู†ุงู„ุŒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:29,320
1315
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุตุงุต.ู…ู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:29,320 --> 00:28:32,880
1319
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ู‡ูˆ celiac disease ุนุฏู…
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:32,880 --> 00:28:36,880
1323
+ ุงู…ุชุตุงุฏ ุทุจุนุง celiac disease ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุด ุนุฏู…
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:36,880 --> 00:28:40,340
1327
+ ุงู…ุชุตุงุฏ ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ minerals ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:40,340 --> 00:28:45,940
1331
+ vitamins ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุชุฑูˆููŠ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:45,940 --> 00:28:52,860
1335
+ ู„ู„ villi ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนุฏู… ุงู…ุชุตุงุฏ ุทุจ ููŠ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:52,860 --> 00:28:56,820
1339
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนุฏู… ุงู…ุชุตุงุฏ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ู†ุนู…ูŠูˆู…
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:56,820 --> 00:29:00,640
1343
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ partial gastrectomy ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:00,640 --> 00:29:05,480
1347
+ ุงู„ู€ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ููŠ ุงู„ stomach ูˆ ุดู„ูˆู„ู‡ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:12,040
1351
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง gastrectomy partial gastrectomy ุงูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:12,040 --> 00:29:16,320
1355
+ ุงู„ antacid ุฅู† ูƒุซุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชุญุตู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ุญู…ูˆุถุฉ ูุจูŠุงุฎุฏ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:16,320 --> 00:29:21,020
1359
+ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ antacid ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงูŠุถุง ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชุตุงุต
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:21,020 --> 00:29:26,330
1363
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุฅู† ุฃูˆู„ู‚ุงุก ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠู† .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:26,330 --> 00:29:37,470
1367
+ ุงู„ stomach ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ acid medium is important ุงู„ุณุจุจ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:37,470 --> 00:29:41,290
1371
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู„ iron deficiency ู‡ูˆ increase requirement
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:41,290 --> 00:29:47,390
1375
+ for iron ูˆ ูŠุชุฏุฑุฌ ุชุญุชู‡ ุชู„ุช ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ blood
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:47,390 --> 00:29:53,890
1379
+ loss ุทุจุนุง ูŠูˆู… ูŠูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุซู… growth and
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:53,890 --> 00:29:58,430
1383
+ pregnancy and loss of iron ูˆู†ุดูˆู ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:58,430 --> 00:30:01,790
1387
+ blood loss ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:01,790 --> 00:30:05,750
1391
+ ูู‚ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… menstruation ุทุจุนุง ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุดู‡ุฑูŠุฉ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:05,750 --> 00:30:13,210
1395
+ parasitic infection ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… infestation by
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:13,210 --> 00:30:19,230
1399
+ anclostoma and necator americanus ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:27,850 --> 00:30:33,610
1403
+ Carcinoma Tudinal ulcer ู‚ุฑุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนุดุฑ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:33,610 --> 00:30:42,550
1407
+ ู‡ูŠุชุงุณูŠุฑู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ hemorrhoid ูˆ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:30:42,550 --> 00:30:46,570
1411
+ Minorrhagia ุงู„ hemorrhoid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูˆุงุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงู„
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:30:46,570 --> 00:30:50,390
1415
+ menorrhagia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ excessive menses
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:30:53,300 --> 00:30:55,780
1419
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ growth and pregnancy
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:55,780 --> 00:31:01,820
1423
+ ุชูู‚ู†ุงู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุบ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‡ู‚ุฉ ุทุจุนุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:31:01,820 --> 00:31:06,880
1427
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุชุฑุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:31:06,880 --> 00:31:14,510
1431
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ pregnancy ูููŠ ุงู„ pregnancy ุงู„
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:14,510 --> 00:31:18,630
1435
+ female ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ 3 challenges ุชู„ุช ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:18,630 --> 00:31:22,770
1439
+ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ blood volume ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:22,770 --> 00:31:28,470
1443
+ ุจุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 20 ู„ 40% ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุชุฑุชุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:28,470 --> 00:31:35,710
1447
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 500 milligram ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:35,710 --> 00:31:37,150
1451
+ 2 ุฏู‡ development fetus
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:42,650 --> 00:31:46,150
1455
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ูู‚ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฏู… 500 ู…ู„ูŠุบุฑุงู…
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:31:46,150 --> 00:31:51,790
1459
+ ูู‚ุฏู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุฃุฎุฏ 300 ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ female
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:31:51,790 --> 00:31:59,070
1463
+ ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 500 ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ blood ููŠู‡ู… 250 ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ู†
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:31:59,070 --> 00:32:03,600
1467
+ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ iron ูุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 1500 ..
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:11,640
1471
+ 1050 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ iron ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:32:11,640 --> 00:32:14,660
1475
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:32:14,660 --> 00:32:18,520
1479
+ pregnancy ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ู† ุงู„ menstruation ูุฏู‡ ุจุชุนูˆุถ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:23,400
1483
+ ุงู„ female ุจุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 200 ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ iron ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:32:23,400 --> 00:32:29,090
1487
+ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุถู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 850 ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ูุงู‚ุฏ 850
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:32:29,090 --> 00:32:33,710
1491
+ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู„ุช ู…ุฎุฒูˆู†ุฉ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:32:33,710 --> 00:32:40,670
1495
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฌุณู…ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌู†ุงู†ุณูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ loss of iron
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:32:40,670 --> 00:32:43,870
1499
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ loss of iron
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:32:43,870 --> 00:32:49,150
1503
+ during intravascular hemolysis ูˆุทุจุนุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:32:49,150 --> 00:32:54,870
1507
+ ุงู„ iron as hemosiderin ูŠูู‚ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠู† ูˆุทูŠุจุŒ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:32:54,870 --> 00:32:57,750
1511
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ pathophysiologyุŒ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุฉ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:32:57,750 --> 00:33:01,210
1515
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ iron
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:33:01,210 --> 00:33:06,590
1519
+ deficiency ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ ุจ clinical
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:33:06,590 --> 00:33:11,030
1523
+ manifestationุŒ two clinical manifestation ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ู…
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:33:11,030 --> 00:33:16,330
1527
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุงุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood ูˆ ุงู„ blood forming
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:33:16,330 --> 00:33:21,750
1531
+ tissue ูˆุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ other tissue ูˆ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:33:21,750 --> 00:33:26,010
1535
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:33:26,010 --> 00:33:30,270
1539
+ ุนู„ู‰ blood ูˆ blood forming tissue ุทุจุนุง ูŠูˆู… ูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:30,270 --> 00:33:36,690
1543
+ iron ูŠู‚ู„ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ hemoglobin ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนูƒุณ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:33:36,690 --> 00:33:43,490
1547
+ ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู†ู…ุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ hemoglobin ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:33:43,490 --> 00:33:48,810
1551
+ ุทุจุนุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ MCHC ุจุฑุถู‡
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:33:48,810 --> 00:33:56,490
1555
+ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ preprotoporphyrin ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:56,490 --> 00:34:02,490
1559
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ protoporphyrin ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุจู‚ ุฃูˆ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:34:02,490 --> 00:34:09,010
1563
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุจู‚ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู… ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู‡ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:34:09,010 --> 00:34:14,270
1567
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงููŠุด ู‡ูŠู…Synthesis ูุดูˆ ุจูŠุถู„
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:34:14,270 --> 00:34:22,730
1571
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Protoporphyrin ู„ุฅู†ู‡
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:34:22,730 --> 00:34:28,610
1575
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู… ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ hemoglobin ุทุจุนุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:34:28,610 --> 00:34:34,970
1579
+ ุดูˆูŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ RBCs ุจุชุตูŠุฑ microcytic hypochromic ูˆ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:34:34,970 --> 00:34:38,190
1583
+ microcytosis ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ูุชุฑุฉ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:34:38,190 --> 00:34:43,700
1587
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุชุณุชู†ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุตูˆู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Iron ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:34:43,700 --> 00:34:47,520
1591
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฑูˆ ูˆุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:52,540
1595
+ ูุจุชุตุบุฑ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ anemia of iron deficiency ู‡ูŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:52,540 --> 00:34:56,980
1599
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† microcytic hypochromic anemia ุจุณ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:56,980 --> 00:35:00,920
1603
+ ููŠู‡ุง reticulocytopenia ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:35:00,920 --> 00:35:05,480
1607
+ ู…ุงููŠุด .. ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู„
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:35:05,480 --> 00:35:10,470
1611
+ hemoglobin ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ Erythropoiesis is defected
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:35:10,470 --> 00:35:17,730
1615
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ bone marrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ RBCs
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:35:17,730 --> 00:35:23,090
1619
+ ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ reticulocyte ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:35:23,090 --> 00:35:26,010
1623
+ ุงู„ peripheral blood ุงู„ reticulocyte ุฌุงุจ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:26,010 --> 00:35:32,410
1627
+ ุชุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ mature ุชู‚ุนุฏ ูŠูˆู… ูู‡ูŠ indicator ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:35:32,410 --> 00:35:34,910
1631
+ indicator ููŠ ุงู„ peripheral blood ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:34,910 --> 00:35:40,030
1635
+ ู„ู„ bone marrow ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู…ู„ Bone marrow
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:40,030 --> 00:35:43,950
1639
+ production index ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด reticulocyte ู…ุงููŠุด
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:43,950 --> 00:35:47,910
1643
+ ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ iron deficiency ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:47,910 --> 00:35:54,770
1647
+ ู…ุงููŠ ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ reticulocyte ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:54,770 --> 00:36:00,730
1651
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูุญุต ุงู„
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:36:00,730 --> 00:36:02,990
1655
+ bone marrow ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:36:06,360 --> 00:36:11,320
1659
+ ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุจู„ุงุณูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู„ู„ ุฅูŠุฑุงุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:11,320 --> 00:36:18,400
1663
+ precursor cell ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุจู„ุงุณูŠุง ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูˆุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:25,660
1667
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง ุงู„ iron ููŠ ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ุงู„
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:36:25,660 --> 00:36:26,680
1671
+ macrophage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ macro
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:30,990 --> 00:36:37,130
1675
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ุชุจุน ุงู„ macrophage .. ุชุจุน ุงู„
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:37,130 --> 00:36:41,050
1679
+ normoblast ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cytoplasm ู…ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ragged ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:36:41,050 --> 00:36:45,010
1683
+ ู…ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู„ูŠุด ู…ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู†ุทูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:36:45,010 --> 00:36:50,590
1687
+ ุชุตู†ูŠุน hemoglobin ุชุชู„ูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุง ุจุชุชู„ูˆู†
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:50,590 --> 00:36:55,090
1691
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ cytoplasm ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ู„ูˆู† ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:55,090 --> 00:36:57,230
1695
+ ู…ุด ู…ู„ูˆู† ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:37:00,060 --> 00:37:04,940
1699
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุดุฎุต Iron Deficiency
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:37:04,940 --> 00:37:09,280
1703
+ Anemia ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ CBC ูˆุฃุดูˆู ู‚ู„ุฉ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:37:09,280 --> 00:37:14,360
1707
+ ุงู„ hemoglobin ูˆุงู„ blood index ุซู… ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุญุต ุงู„
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:37:14,360 --> 00:37:19,180
1711
+ protocol ุซู… ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ blood film ูˆุฃุดูˆู microcytic
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:37:19,180 --> 00:37:23,460
1715
+ hypochromic anemia ุซู… ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ reticulocytes
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:37:29,540 --> 00:37:32,880
1719
+ ุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ู„ hematological analyst ุทุจ ูˆ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:32,880 --> 00:37:35,560
1723
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ chemistry ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ chemistry ุจุชุนู…ู„
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:35,560 --> 00:37:39,100
1727
+ biochemical reaction ุฃูˆ biochemical profile test
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:37:40,290 --> 00:37:45,370
1731
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ iron ูุจุชูุญุต ุงู„ iron ูˆู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ iron
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:37:45,370 --> 00:37:49,410
1735
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ total iron binding capacity ูˆ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:49,410 --> 00:37:53,770
1739
+ ุงู„ percent of saturation ู„ู„ transferrin ูˆุจุชุดูˆู ุงู„
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:37:53,770 --> 00:37:59,570
1743
+ serum transferrin receptors ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:37:59,570 --> 00:38:01,690
1747
+ ุชูุญุตู‡ุง ูˆุชุดูˆูู‡ุง
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:38:04,220 --> 00:38:09,420
1751
+ ุงู„ figure ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุจูŠู† ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ููŠ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:38:09,420 --> 00:38:14,660
1755
+ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ RBCs ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ iron deficiency ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุจ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:38:14,660 --> 00:38:21,080
1759
+ normal ูˆุจุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจ microcytic hypochromic anemia ูˆ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:21,080 --> 00:38:24,240
1763
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† profile ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ iron
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:38:24,240 --> 00:38:29,200
1767
+ deficiency ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุชุนูŠุด ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:38:29,200 --> 00:38:32,080
1771
+ ู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood blood forming unit ุทุจ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:38:32,080 --> 00:38:32,520
1775
+ ุนู„ู‰ other
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:38:36,080 --> 00:38:40,020
1779
+ ุงู„ุชูŠุดูˆ ูŠุงู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ rapidly dividing cell
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:38:40,020 --> 00:38:43,120
1783
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ epithelial cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชุชุฌุฏุฏ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:38:43,120 --> 00:38:48,920
1787
+ ูุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ coelynesia ูˆุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† spoon
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:38:48,920 --> 00:38:56,020
1791
+ nail of the finger ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูุฑ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุดูƒู„
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:38:56,020 --> 00:38:57,900
1795
+ ูŠุชู‚ู‡ุฑ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:39:00,830 --> 00:39:05,030
1799
+ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง coil anesia ุซู… angular stomatitis ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:39:05,030 --> 00:39:12,950
1803
+ ุทุฑููŠ ุงู„ูู… ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ู… atrophy ุซู… glossitis ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:39:12,950 --> 00:39:18,570
1807
+ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ smooth and flamed tongue ุซู…
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:39:18,570 --> 00:39:22,990
1811
+ atrophic gastritis ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ inflammation of the
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:39:22,990 --> 00:39:29,670
1815
+ lining of the stomach ุซู… achlorohydria ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ููŠุด
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:39:30,670 --> 00:39:35,590
1819
+ Hydrochloric acid ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ stomach ุซู… Pica
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:39:35,590 --> 00:39:39,130
1823
+ Pica ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ู„ุฌูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:39:39,130 --> 00:39:43,710
1827
+ iron deficiency ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุชุตุฑูุงุช ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุงู†ู‡ู… ู…ู…ูƒู†
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:39:43,710 --> 00:39:51,610
1831
+ ูŠุงูƒู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ice ุฒูŠ ุงู„
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:39:51,610 --> 00:39:54,850
1835
+ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง pagophagia ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:39:54,850 --> 00:39:58,750
1839
+ soil geophagia ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุงูƒู„ูˆุง ุนุงุฌุฒุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆู
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:39:58,750 --> 00:40:05,210
1843
+ ู†ุงุชุดูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฑู…ู„ ูŠู†ุจู„ุน ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ coil anemia
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:40:05,210 --> 00:40:09,850
1847
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:40:09,850 --> 00:40:12,550
1851
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ iron ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ anemia ูˆุงู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:40:12,550 --> 00:40:16,360
1855
+ chronic disorders ูˆุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ chronic disorders
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:40:16,360 --> 00:40:23,160
1859
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุณู… ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† chronic disease ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:40:23,160 --> 00:40:28,120
1863
+ ูƒุงู† chronic inflammation ุฃูˆ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฌู†ุงู†ุณูŠ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:40:28,120 --> 00:40:31,220
1867
+ usually ู‡ูŠ normocytic ูˆ normochronic ู„ูƒู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:40:31,220 --> 00:40:36,400
1871
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ hypocytic .. hypochromic microcytic
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:43,350
1875
+ hypochromic sorry and ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุดูู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:40:43,350 --> 00:40:48,470
1879
+ ุฅู„ุง ุจุดูุงุก ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ primary cause ู‚ู„ุฉ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:40:48,470 --> 00:40:53,530
1883
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ pathophysiology ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู‡ุฉ ู†ู…ุฑ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:40:53,530 --> 00:40:56,570
1887
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ chronic inflammation ุงู„ inflammatory
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:40:56,570 --> 00:41:05,020
1891
+ process usually ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ ุจู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู…ุงุช ู…ู†ุนูŠุฉ ูุฃูˆู„
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:41:05,020 --> 00:41:08,760
1895
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุซุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:41:08,760 --> 00:41:12,300
1899
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ macrophage ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณูˆูŠุณ ูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:41:12,300 --> 00:41:17,820
1903
+ chronic inflammation ุงู„ macrophage ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:41:17,820 --> 00:41:22,220
1907
+ transferrin receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุดูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:41:22,220 --> 00:41:26,540
1911
+ receptor ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ู…ู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ transferrin ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‚ู„
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:41:26,540 --> 00:41:29,640
1915
+ ุงู„ transferrin ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ total iron binding
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:41:29,640 --> 00:41:34,210
1919
+ capacity ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ inflammation
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:41:34,210 --> 00:41:38,190
1923
+ ุชุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ neutrophil ูˆุชุฑูˆุญ ูŠุตู†ุน ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:41:38,190 --> 00:41:44,590
1927
+ ุงู„ lactoferrin ูˆุจุชูุฑุฒู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ lactoferrin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:41:44,590 --> 00:41:48,230
1931
+ ุงู„ receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ ูุจุฑูˆุญ ูˆุฌุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:41:48,230 --> 00:41:52,330
1935
+ ุงู„ lacto .. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ ูˆุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆููŠุฌ ูˆู‡ูŠ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:41:52,330 --> 00:41:56,030
1939
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ .. ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุงู„ lactoferrinุŸ ุงู„ lactoferrin ุฏู‡
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:41:56,030 --> 00:41:59,170
1943
+ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุทู„ู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ iron ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ iron
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:42:00,630 --> 00:42:05,110
1947
+ ูุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ู…ู„ู‚ู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู€ iron ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุบู†ุงุทูŠุณ ู…ู„ู‚ู‘ุฉ ุงู„ iron
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:42:05,110 --> 00:42:10,990
1951
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ blood ูุตุงุฑ ุงู„ iron ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:42:10,990 --> 00:42:14,090
1955
+ receptor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ macrophage ุซู… ุจูŠุตู„ู‡
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:42:14,090 --> 00:42:18,370
1959
+ internalization ุจูŠุฎุฒู† ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ macrophage as
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:42:18,370 --> 00:42:25,510
1963
+ ูุฑุชูŠู† ูุงู„ูุฑุชูŠู† ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ iron ู‚ู„ ุงู„ูุฑุชูŠู† ุฒุงุฏ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:42:25,510 --> 00:42:30,390
1967
+ ูˆุงู„ iron ู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ูุฑุชูŠู† ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฏู… ุฃูˆู„
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:42:30,390 --> 00:42:35,770
1971
+ ุงุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ total iron binding capacity ู‚ู„ุช ุทุจ ู…ุด
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:42:35,770 --> 00:42:39,550
1975
+ ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุดูŠุฑ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ erythropoietic activity is
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:42:39,550 --> 00:42:46,050
1979
+ suppressed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ุฅู…ุชุงุฒ ู…ุด ุทุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ cytokine
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:42:46,050 --> 00:42:49,930
1983
+ release ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุชู†ุดุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุจุชูุฑุฒ IL
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:42:49,930 --> 00:42:54,230
1987
+ -1 ูˆุจุชูุฑุฒ Gamma Interferon ูˆ Tumor Necrosis Factor
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:42:54,230 --> 00:42:58,550
1991
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Inhibitory Cytokine ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุชุนู…ู„
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:42:58,550 --> 00:43:02,790
1995
+ Inhibition ู„ู„ Erythropoiesis ุทุจ ูˆุฅูŠุด ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŸ
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:43:02,790 --> 00:43:06,750
1999
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ Erythropoietic Activity ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:43:06,750 --> 00:43:10,590
2003
+ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ Erythropoietic Activity ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชู‚ู„ ุงู„
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:43:10,590 --> 00:43:14,940
2007
+ life span ุชุจุน ุงู„ RBCs ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠู‚ู„ ูˆุจุชุชุงุฑูŠ
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:43:14,940 --> 00:43:20,260
2011
+ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุดุฎุตุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠ
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:43:20,260 --> 00:43:24,660
2015
+ ุฃุจู‚ู‰ mainly normocytic ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง eventually microcytic
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:43:24,660 --> 00:43:28,540
2019
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุจุชุตูŠุฑ microcytic ุงู„ุณุจุจ inflammatory
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:43:28,540 --> 00:43:33,020
2023
+ disease ุฃูˆ cancer ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ low
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:43:33,020 --> 00:43:39,400
2027
+ iron concentration ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุชูˆุงูู‚ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:43:39,400 --> 00:43:44,360
2031
+ iron deficiency anemia ู„ูƒู† ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:43:44,360 --> 00:43:49,080
2035
+ ุจุฏุช ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุท ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุฑุฑุชูŠู† ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ transferrin
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:43:49,080 --> 00:43:53,820
2039
+ ุจูŠู‚ู„ ูˆุงู„ iron store ุจุตูุดุง ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ normal or
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:43:53,820 --> 00:43:57,780
2043
+ increased ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุนู† iron
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:43:57,780 --> 00:44:01,540
2047
+ deficiency ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู…ุจูŠู† ู„ู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ู…ุง
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:44:01,540 --> 00:44:05,540
2051
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ micro disorder ุงู„ ACD ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู†
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:44:05,540 --> 00:44:10,840
2055
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ iron deficiency ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:44:10,840 --> 00:44:11,180
2059
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:44:14,320 --> 00:44:19,420
2063
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ marker ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:44:19,420 --> 00:44:23,060
2067
+ ูˆุงู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ ACD ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:44:23,060 --> 00:44:29,520
2071
+ iron deficiency anemia ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูˆุงุทูŠ sideroblastic
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:44:29,520 --> 00:44:33,680
2075
+ anemia ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† heterogeneous
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:44:33,680 --> 00:44:39,320
2079
+ group of disorders ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:44:39,320 --> 00:44:43,900
2083
+ incorporation of iron within the heme ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:44:43,900 --> 00:44:48,820
2087
+ ููŠ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ iron ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงูŠุดุŸ
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:44:48,820 --> 00:44:53,300
2091
+ ู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู‡ูŠู…ุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจ ู„ู„ู‡ูŠู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:44:53,300 --> 00:44:57,580
2095
+ protoporphyrin ุขุฎุฑ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุถู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ iron ูˆู†ุฎุด
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:44:57,580 --> 00:45:01,420
2099
+ ููŠ ุงู„ protoporphyrin ูุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู‡ูŠู… ุทุจ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:45:01,420 --> 00:45:04,760
2103
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ heme synthesis ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:45:04,760 --> 00:45:13,120
2107
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูููŠ protoporphyrin ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€ iron ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:45:13,120 --> 00:45:20,880
2111
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฏุงู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ุง ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุฏุฎูˆู„ู‡ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:45:20,880 --> 00:45:25,700
2115
+ ุงู„ heme ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ iron ููŠ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:45:25,700 --> 00:45:33,280
2119
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชูˆูƒูˆู†ุฏุฑูŠุง ูˆูŠุชุฌู…ุนูˆุง ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ RBC ุณูˆุฑูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:45:33,280 --> 00:45:36,260
2123
+ ุจูŠุชุฌู…ุน ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ mitochondriaุŒ encircling the
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:45:36,260 --> 00:45:40,120
2127
+ mitochondria ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Ringed SideroblastุŒ
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:45:40,120 --> 00:45:44,400
2131
+ ุดูˆ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุงุŸ Ringed ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ SideroblastุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:45:44,400 --> 00:45:52,110
2135
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง Iron ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฏุงู… ุงุชุญูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ุชุญู„ู‚ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:45:52,110 --> 00:45:55,430
2139
+ mitochondria ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ RBCs ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:45:55,430 --> 00:45:59,230
2143
+ ูุจุชู…ูˆุช ูุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง ineffective erythropoiesis
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:45:59,230 --> 00:46:04,150
2147
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ringed sideroblast ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:46:04,150 --> 00:46:09,290
2151
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ sideroblastic
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:46:09,290 --> 00:46:15,590
2155
+ anemia ุทูŠุจ ู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏูŠ hereditary type
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:46:21,200 --> 00:46:27,580
2159
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุฑุณุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุณุชุบู„ ู…ุง
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:46:27,580 --> 00:46:31,560
2163
+ ุงุณุชุบู„ู†ู‡ูˆุด ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู‡ูŠู… ูุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:46:31,560 --> 00:46:35,560
2167
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:46:35,560 --> 00:46:41,240
2171
+ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ููŠ blood film ู…ุณุจูˆุฎ ุจ iron stain ุงูŠุด ุงู„
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:46:41,240 --> 00:46:42,960
2175
+ iron stain ุดู‡ูŠุฑุŸ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:46:49,370 --> 00:46:52,530
2179
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ Siderocyte ูˆ Sideroblast ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:46:52,530 --> 00:46:54,710
2183
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ Siderocyte ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† mature
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:46:54,710 --> 00:46:57,690
2187
+ erythrocyte ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:46:57,690 --> 00:47:03,010
2191
+ siderotic granules ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Pappenheimer bodies
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:47:03,010 --> 00:47:06,410
2195
+ Sideroblast
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:47:06,410 --> 00:47:13,270
2199
+ nucleated red blood cell ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:47:13,270 --> 00:47:21,910
2203
+ siderotic granules usually difficult to see ูˆุงู†ุชุดุฑุช
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:47:21,910 --> 00:47:26,890
2207
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ูˆุบุงู„ุจุงู‹
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:47:26,890 --> 00:47:32,410
2211
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง .. ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจุชู†ุนุฏู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ iron
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:47:32,410 --> 00:47:37,130
2215
+ deficiency ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ chronic disorders
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:47:37,130 --> 00:47:45,330
2219
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ abnormal Sideroblast ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ iron ูƒุซูŠุฑ
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:47:45,330 --> 00:47:50,470
2223
+ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ ุฑุชูŠู† iron depositionูˆูุฑ ุชู†ู‚ูŠู‚
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:47:50,470 --> 00:47:56,830
2227
+ aggregates ูุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ granules ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:47:56,830 --> 00:48:02,170
2231
+ granules larger and larger ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุญู„ู‚ ุงู„
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:48:02,170 --> 00:48:06,090
2235
+ mitochondria ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ granules ุงู„ siderotic
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:48:06,090 --> 00:48:11,510
2239
+ granules ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:48:11,510 --> 00:48:16,820
2243
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hereditary ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:48:16,820 --> 00:48:21,220
2247
+ Hereditary ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† X-linked type of inherited
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:48:21,220 --> 00:48:26,020
2251
+ disease ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ functional deficiency
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:48:26,020 --> 00:48:34,360
2255
+ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ู€ heme-synthetic pathway ุฃู‡ู…ู‡ุง
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:48:35,780 --> 00:48:40,080
2259
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase ูˆู‡ูˆ
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:48:40,080 --> 00:48:44,700
2263
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู‡ูŠู… ุฃูˆ
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:48:44,700 --> 00:48:49,340
2267
+ ุงู„ู€ ferrochelatase ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:48:49,340 --> 00:48:53,950
2271
+ ุชุฏุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ iron ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Protoporphyrin ูˆุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:48:53,950 --> 00:48:59,810
2275
+ .ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ู€ Iron
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:48:59,810 --> 00:49:06,210
2279
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุงุช ู„ู„ู€ Iron ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:49:06,210 --> 00:49:14,090
2283
+ .The affected male had hypochromic dimorphic anemia.
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:49:16,620 --> 00:49:20,640
2287
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ Hypochromia ูˆ dimorphic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุดูƒู„ูŠู† ู…ู†
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:49:20,640 --> 00:49:25,180
2291
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ erythrocytes ู…ุงุดูŠ with mild ineffective
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:49:25,180 --> 00:49:28,900
2295
+ erythropoiesis and erythroid hyperplasia
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:49:28,900 --> 00:49:33,120
2299
+ ineffective erythropoiesis ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ ุนุดุงู†
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:49:33,120 --> 00:49:37,580
2303
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุฏุฑูŠ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู†ุฎุงุน ูˆููŠ
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:49:37,580 --> 00:49:41,480
2307
+ erythroid hyperplasia hyper ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู€
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:49:41,480 --> 00:49:46,420
2311
+ erythroid series ู…ู† ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ lead
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:49:46,420 --> 00:49:50,520
2315
+ poisoning ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ acquired ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… lead poisoning
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:49:50,520 --> 00:49:54,700
2319
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ู„ู„ู€ lead ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุฒูˆู…
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:49:54,700 --> 00:50:01,320
2323
+ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุฒู…ุงู† ูƒู†ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ูŠูˆู… ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:50:01,320 --> 00:50:06,620
2327
+ ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุณุชุจุฏู„ูˆุง ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุงุณูŠุฑ
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:50:06,620 --> 00:50:13,020
2331
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุจู€ plastic pipes ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:50:13,020 --> 00:50:19,060
2335
+ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒุงู„ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒุถุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู†
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:50:19,060 --> 00:50:24,400
2339
+ ุถุฑุงุฆุจ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:50:24,400 --> 00:50:30,580
2343
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุงุช ุงู„ุจุชุฑูˆู„ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุจุชุฑูˆู„ ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุญู‚
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:50:30,580 --> 00:50:35,820
2347
+ ุจุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆูŠุง ุงู„ุจูˆูŠุงุฆูŠูŠู† ู„ุฃู†
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:50:35,820 --> 00:50:40,820
2351
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุจูˆูŠุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฑุตุงุต ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุทูŠุจ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุฎุด
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:50:40,820 --> 00:50:43,920
2355
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู€ lead ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅู†ุช ุฌุงูŠุจู‡ ุจูŠุฎุด ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† .. ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู†
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:50:43,920 --> 00:50:47,580
2359
+ ุฅู…ุง by inhalation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชู†ุดู‚ู‡ ุฃูˆ by
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:50:47,580 --> 00:50:54,140
2363
+ ingestion ุฃูˆ ุชุฃุฎุฐู‡ ุจูŠุฎุด ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ .. ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุฏุฎู„
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:50:54,140 --> 00:50:57,600
2367
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ accumulation ุจูŠุชุฑุณุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone ูˆุงู„ู€
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:50:57,600 --> 00:51:02,440
2371
+ bone marrow ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠู‡
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:51:02,440 --> 00:51:06,940
2375
+ erythroid precursor cell ูˆุจูŠุชุนุทู„ ุงู„ู€ mitochondrial
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:51:06,940 --> 00:51:13,930
2379
+ membrane ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ disruption ู„ู„ู€ heme synthesis ูˆู‡ุฐุง
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:51:13,930 --> 00:51:19,490
2383
+ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Sideroplastic changes ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:51:19,490 --> 00:51:24,430
2387
+ ุงู„ู€ red membrane ูˆุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ glycolytic activity
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:51:24,430 --> 00:51:29,490
2391
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ life span ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:51:29,490 --> 00:51:34,050
2395
+ mild hemolysis ูˆุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ chronic lead
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:51:34,050 --> 00:51:40,590
2399
+ poisoning ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดุฎุตู‡ุงุŸ ู†ูู‘ุญุต ู„ู„ู€ lead by chemical
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:51:40,590 --> 00:51:45,630
2403
+ test ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ protoporphyrin ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:51:45,630 --> 00:51:52,990
2407
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุจู‚ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ุŒ ุจู†ุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุตูˆุฑ
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:51:52,990 --> 00:51:59,240
2411
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุฃู† ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:51:59,240 --> 00:52:02,900
2415
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆู…ุชุฑุณุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ gastrointestinal tract ุนู„ู‰
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:52:02,900 --> 00:52:08,960
2419
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ูƒู€ .. ูƒู€ radio opaque fragments
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:52:08,960 --> 00:52:18,300
2423
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุจูŠุถุงุก ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:52:18,300 --> 00:52:24,220
2427
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนุธู… ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุนุธู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:52:24,220 --> 00:52:26,780
2431
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุณุจ ููŠู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone ูˆุงู„ู€ bone marrow
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:52:26,780 --> 00:52:32,220
2435
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acquired ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:52:32,220 --> 00:52:35,780
2439
+ secondary sideroplastic anemia ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู†ูˆุน ุงุณู…ู‡
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:52:35,780 --> 00:52:39,040
2443
+ drug induced sideroplastic anemia ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงุณู… ุงู„ู€
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:52:39,040 --> 00:52:42,260
2447
+ drug ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ drug ุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู„ู€ absorption
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:52:42,260 --> 00:52:46,120
2451
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ inhibition ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:52:46,120 --> 00:52:52,800
2455
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ iron ูˆุจุชุฏุฎู„ู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:52:52,800 --> 00:52:55,460
2459
+ ุนุงู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทูˆุง
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:52:55,460 --> 00:52:59,680
2463
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ู… delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase ูˆุงู„ู€
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:52:59,680 --> 00:53:04,200
2467
+ ferrochelatase ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุจุณ acquired ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:53:04,200 --> 00:53:11,660
2471
+ hereditary ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠุฉ due to ุฅูŠุด due to drug
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:53:11,660 --> 00:53:18,020
2475
+ ุงู„ู€ mixture ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทูˆุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ุทุจ ููŠู‡
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:53:18,020 --> 00:53:21,060
2479
+ other investigation ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุขู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ urinary
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:53:21,060 --> 00:53:24,980
2483
+ coproporphyrin ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุตู†ูŠุน
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:53:24,980 --> 00:53:30,120
2487
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู… microcytic hypochromic anemia ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุทู„ุน
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:53:30,120 --> 00:53:33,520
2491
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง basophilic stippling ูˆุงู„ู€
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:53:33,520 --> 00:53:38,440
2495
+ basophilic stippling ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูˆุจู†ุดูˆู
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:53:38,440 --> 00:53:44,200
2499
+ reticulocytosis ูˆุงู„ู€ basophilic stippling
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:53:47,830 --> 00:53:53,290
2503
+ ุจูŠุชุฌู…ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ูˆุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุจูŠุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:53:53,290 --> 00:53:58,230
2507
+ ุงู„ู€ youngest red blood cells red blood cells ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:53:58,230 --> 00:54:03,110
2511
+ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน basophilic ุจุชู…ูŠู„ูƒูŠ accumulation of
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:54:03,110 --> 00:54:08,050
2515
+ pyrimidine nucleotides ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ูˆูุฑุถุงู‹
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:54:08,050 --> 00:54:12,810
2519
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชุฑ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ idiopathic sideroplastic
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:54:12,810 --> 00:54:18,230
2523
+ anemia due to unknown ูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:54:18,230 --> 00:54:24,850
2527
+ ูŠุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Elderly people ูˆุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ูˆุน
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:54:24,850 --> 00:54:27,610
2531
+ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ Myelodysplastic Syndrome ุดุงู„ูˆู‡ุง ู…ู†
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:54:27,610 --> 00:54:35,070
2535
+ ุชุตู†ูŠูุงุช ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Refractory Anemia with
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:54:35,070 --> 00:54:41,810
2539
+ Ringed Sideroblast ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจู€ Dysarthropic Changes
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:54:41,810 --> 00:54:48,080
2543
+ ููŠ Macrocytosis poikilocytosis basophilic
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:54:48,080 --> 00:54:55,380
2547
+ ringed sideroblast ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ุชุชุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ erythroblast ููŠ ู†ุถูˆุฌู‡ุง
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:54:55,380 --> 00:55:00,140
2551
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุจูƒุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ platelet ูˆุงู„ู€ leukocyte
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:55:00,140 --> 00:55:07,000
2555
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู‚ู„ุฉ
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:55:07,000 --> 00:55:13,740
2559
+ ุงู„ู€ iron ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ุชุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:55:13,980 --> 00:55:18,840
2563
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ุนู† ู‚ู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ iron ุทูŠุจ ููŠ disorders ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:55:18,840 --> 00:55:22,160
2567
+ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ iron ุงู‡ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:55:22,160 --> 00:55:27,860
2571
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:55:27,860 --> 00:55:36,780
2575
+ ุซู„ุงุซ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู†ู…ุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2576
+
2577
+ 645
2578
+ 00:55:36,780 --> 00:55:42,420
2579
+ hereditary hemochromatosis ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุงุณู… ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏุงู‹
2580
+
2581
+ 646
2582
+ 00:55:42,420 --> 00:55:43,080
2583
+ heme
2584
+
2585
+ 647
2586
+ 00:55:46,360 --> 00:55:50,380
2587
+ Hemochromatosis ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
2588
+
2589
+ 648
2590
+ 00:55:50,380 --> 00:55:56,620
2591
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2592
+
2593
+ 649
2594
+ 00:55:56,620 --> 00:55:57,620
2595
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2596
+
2597
+ 650
2598
+ 00:55:57,620 --> 00:55:57,740
2599
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2600
+
2601
+ 651
2602
+ 00:55:57,740 --> 00:55:57,880
2603
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2604
+
2605
+ 652
2606
+ 00:55:57,880 --> 00:55:58,380
2607
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2608
+
2609
+ 653
2610
+ 00:55:58,380 --> 00:55:58,400
2611
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2612
+
2613
+ 654
2614
+ 00:55:58,400 --> 00:55:58,860
2615
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2616
+
2617
+ 655
2618
+ 00:55:58,860 --> 00:56:00,920
2619
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2620
+
2621
+ 656
2622
+ 00:56:00,920 --> 00:56:00,980
2623
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2624
+
2625
+ 657
2626
+ 00:56:00,980 --> 00:56:11,040
2627
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2628
+
2629
+ 658
2630
+ 00:56:11,040 --> 00:56:15,280
2631
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฏู… ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุฒูˆู… ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
2632
+
2633
+ 659
2634
+ 00:56:15,280 --> 00:56:18,840
2635
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Hemochromatosis ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†
2636
+
2637
+ 660
2638
+ 00:56:18,840 --> 00:56:22,420
2639
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฏูˆู† ุฃู†
2640
+
2641
+ 661
2642
+ 00:56:22,420 --> 00:56:26,440
2643
+ ู†ุฏุฑูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน Hereditary Hemochromatosis
2644
+
2645
+ 662
2646
+ 00:56:26,440 --> 00:56:30,200
2647
+ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† multi-organ disease
2648
+
2649
+ 663
2650
+ 00:56:30,200 --> 00:56:36,220
2651
+ inherited in an autosomal recessive manner ูˆู‡ูŠ
2652
+
2653
+ 664
2654
+ 00:56:36,220 --> 00:56:40,020
2655
+ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ most common genetic disease ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Northern
2656
+
2657
+ 665
2658
+ 00:56:40,020 --> 00:56:44,950
2659
+ Europe ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ excessive
2660
+
2661
+ 666
2662
+ 00:56:44,950 --> 00:56:49,470
2663
+ absorption ู„ู„ู€ iron ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุฎุด ุงู„ู€ iron ููŠ
2664
+
2665
+ 667
2666
+ 00:56:49,470 --> 00:56:53,450
2667
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ tissue ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
2668
+
2669
+ 668
2670
+ 00:56:53,450 --> 00:56:57,730
2671
+ pancreas ูˆุงู„ู€ heart ูˆุงู„ู€ liver ูˆุฅุฐุง ุชุฑุณุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
2672
+
2673
+ 669
2674
+ 00:56:57,730 --> 00:57:02,190
2675
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ dysfunctional ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
2676
+
2677
+ 670
2678
+ 00:57:02,190 --> 00:57:05,870
2679
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู€ iron ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ู…ู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ุณุชุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ู‚ู„ู†ุง
2680
+
2681
+ 671
2682
+ 00:57:05,870 --> 00:57:10,180
2683
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน
2684
+
2685
+ 672
2686
+ 00:57:10,180 --> 00:57:14,400
2687
+ Hemochromatosis ุจูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู€ concentration ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู…ู† 50
2688
+
2689
+ 673
2690
+ 00:57:14,400 --> 00:57:21,860
2691
+ ู„ู€ 60 gram ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ Hemochromatosis ุงู„ู€
2692
+
2693
+ 674
2694
+ 00:57:21,860 --> 00:57:28,480
2695
+ hereditary type ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุทุจุนุงู‹
2696
+
2697
+ 675
2698
+ 00:57:28,480 --> 00:57:33,060
2699
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† proteins ูˆุงู„ู€ proteins ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„
2700
+
2701
+ 676
2702
+ 00:57:33,060 --> 00:57:37,300
2703
+ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡ gene ูุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ gene ุบูŠุงุจู‡
2704
+
2705
+ 677
2706
+ 00:57:39,880 --> 00:57:43,880
2707
+ ุงู„ู€ Hemochromatosis ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
2708
+
2709
+ 678
2710
+ 00:57:43,880 --> 00:57:49,140
2711
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ู€ Iron ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ู„ ู…ู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€
2712
+
2713
+ 679
2714
+ 00:57:49,140 --> 00:57:54,540
2715
+ Iron ุจูŠู…ุชุต ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ pathophysiology
2716
+
2717
+ 680
2718
+ 00:57:54,540 --> 00:57:58,600
2719
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ percentage of
2720
+
2721
+ 681
2722
+ 00:57:58,600 --> 00:58:04,600
2723
+ saturation ูˆ transferrin ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ iron
2724
+
2725
+ 682
2726
+ 00:58:04,600 --> 00:58:06,420
2727
+ absorption in the circulation
2728
+
2729
+ 683
2730
+ 00:58:08,790 --> 00:58:12,870
2731
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ transferrin ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู†ู‚ู„
2732
+
2733
+ 684
2734
+ 00:58:12,870 --> 00:58:21,870
2735
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ 30% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ circulating iron
2736
+
2737
+ 685
2738
+ 00:58:21,870 --> 00:58:26,770
2739
+ ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ transferrin ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒู„
2740
+
2741
+ 686
2742
+ 00:58:26,770 --> 00:58:28,010
2743
+ ุงู„ู€ transferrin ู…ุดุบูˆู„
2744
+
2745
+ 687
2746
+ 00:58:30,980 --> 00:58:37,780
2747
+ ูˆ these ionic iron acts as a catalyst for
2748
+
2749
+ 688
2750
+ 00:58:37,780 --> 00:58:41,400
2751
+ formation of toxic oxygen radical in the presence
2752
+
2753
+ 689
2754
+ 00:58:41,400 --> 00:58:47,420
2755
+ of NADH ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ free radical compound ูˆุงู„ู€
2756
+
2757
+ 690
2758
+ 00:58:47,420 --> 00:58:49,620
2759
+ Free Radical Compound ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† highly toxic
2760
+
2761
+ 691
2762
+ 00:58:49,620 --> 00:58:54,760
2763
+ substance ุจุชู‡ุงุฌู… ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ..
2764
+
2765
+ 692
2766
+ 00:58:54,760 --> 00:58:57,940
2767
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุฑุณุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ iron ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
2768
+
2769
+ 693
2770
+ 00:58:57,940 --> 00:59:06,780
2771
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ dysfunctional ุฃูˆ infarctional organ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
2772
+
2773
+ 694
2774
+ 00:59:06,780 --> 00:59:09,740
2775
+ ุงู„ู€ Free Radical Compound ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
2776
+
2777
+ 695
2778
+ 00:59:09,740 --> 00:59:17,310
2779
+ Hydroxy Radical Compound Laboratory findings ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
2780
+
2781
+ 696
2782
+ 00:59:17,310 --> 00:59:21,790
2783
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ serum iron ูˆ red blood cells total iron binding capacity
2784
+
2785
+ 697
2786
+ 00:59:21,790 --> 00:59:28,070
2787
+ ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ iron binding saturation ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 60
2788
+
2789
+ 698
2790
+ 00:59:28,070 --> 00:59:33,010
2791
+ % ููŠ ุงู„ู€ male ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 50% ููŠ ุงู„ู€ female ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง
2792
+
2793
+ 699
2794
+ 00:59:33,010 --> 00:59:36,610
2795
+ liver biopsy ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ iron deposit
2796
+
2797
+ 700
2798
+ 00:59:38,980 --> 00:59:44,120
2799
+ evaluation of secondary causes ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„
2800
+
2801
+ 701
2802
+ 00:59:44,120 --> 00:59:50,740
2803
+ blood film ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุช ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู†ุนู…ู„ bone marrow ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
2804
+
2805
+ 702
2806
+ 00:59:50,740 --> 00:59:56,140
2807
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„ screening ู„ู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡
2808
+
2809
+ 703
2810
+ 00:59:56,140 --> 01:00:00,400
2811
+ hemochromatosis ูˆูƒู„ ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ ูƒู„ for genetic
2812
+
2813
+ 704
2814
+ 01:00:00,400 --> 01:00:07,100
2815
+ counselingู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
2816
+
2817
+ 705
2818
+ 01:00:07,100 --> 01:00:12,420
2819
+ ุชุฑุณุจ ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† iron ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ูˆููŠ
2820
+
2821
+ 706
2822
+ 01:00:12,420 --> 01:00:18,700
2823
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ erosion ูู‚ุฏุงู† ู„ุจุนุถ
2824
+
2825
+ 707
2826
+ 01:00:18,700 --> 01:00:23,880
2827
+ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูŠู‡ุง
2828
+
2829
+ 708
2830
+ 01:00:23,880 --> 01:00:29,900
2831
+ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ูู‚ุฏุงู† ู„ู€ cartilage ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ู€
2832
+
2833
+ 709
2834
+ 01:00:29,900 --> 01:00:36,180
2835
+ liverููŠู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช
2836
+
2837
+ 710
2838
+ 01:00:36,180 --> 01:00:40,380
2839
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† iron symptoms
2840
+
2841
+ 711
2842
+ 01:00:40,380 --> 01:00:43,800
2843
+ Arthralgia
2844
+
2845
+ 712
2846
+ 01:00:43,800 --> 01:00:52,260
2847
+ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ ุจู€ joint arthritis ุซู…
2848
+
2849
+ 713
2850
+ 01:00:52,260 --> 01:00:56,620
2851
+ gonad failure both gonads ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† testary ุฃูˆ
2852
+
2853
+ 714
2854
+ 01:00:56,620 --> 01:01:01,340
2855
+ ovary ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ู… atrophy ููŠ ุงู„ู€ male ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
2856
+
2857
+ 715
2858
+ 01:01:01,340 --> 01:01:06,920
2859
+ impotence ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ female ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ amenorrhea ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2860
+
2861
+ 716
2862
+ 01:01:06,920 --> 01:01:11,380
2863
+ ููŠ skin pigmentation ุทุจุนุง ุชู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ skin ูˆุทุจุนุง
2864
+
2865
+ 717
2866
+ 01:01:11,380 --> 01:01:14,320
2867
+ cardiac failure ูˆ arrhythmiasุŒ arrhythmias ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2868
+
2869
+ 718
2870
+ 01:01:14,320 --> 01:01:18,380
2871
+ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุซู… diabetes ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃุชุฑุณุจ ุนู„ู‰
2872
+
2873
+ 719
2874
+ 01:01:18,380 --> 01:01:25,320
2875
+ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ุซู… ุซู…
2876
+
2877
+ 720
2878
+ 01:01:25,320 --> 01:01:31,330
2879
+ cirrhosis ูˆ abdominal pain Treatment ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง vein
2880
+
2881
+ 721
2882
+ 01:01:31,330 --> 01:01:38,030
2883
+ section ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ iron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุทุจุนุง ุตุงุฑูˆุง
2884
+
2885
+ 722
2886
+ 01:01:38,030 --> 01:01:43,030
2887
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง iron chelating agent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ deferal ูˆ
2888
+
2889
+ 723
2890
+ 01:01:43,030 --> 01:01:48,950
2891
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุญู‚ู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
2892
+
2893
+ 724
2894
+ 01:01:48,950 --> 01:01:56,630
2895
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ chelation ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ iron ุงู„ู€ prognosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2896
+
2897
+ 725
2898
+ 01:01:56,630 --> 01:02:01,220
2899
+ ููŠู‡ arthropathy ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ hypogonadism ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
2900
+
2901
+ 726
2902
+ 01:02:01,220 --> 01:02:09,460
2903
+ hepatic cirrhosis ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง
2904
+
2905
+ 727
2906
+ 01:02:09,460 --> 01:02:16,640
2907
+ ุจุชุชุญุณู† ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุงู†ุนุงู„ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰
2908
+
2909
+ 728
2910
+ 01:02:16,640 --> 01:02:18,760
2911
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุงู„ุฌู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
2912
+
2913
+ 729
2914
+ 01:02:40,770 --> 01:02:46,990
2915
+ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจู€ 67% ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
2916
+
2917
+ 730
2918
+ 01:02:46,990 --> 01:03:00,330
2919
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ุงุฌ ู…ูƒุซู 11% ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุนุงุด ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
2920
+
2921
+ 731
2922
+ 01:03:01,920 --> 01:03:09,160
2923
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ 67% ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ 67% ุทุจุนุง
2924
+
2925
+ 732
2926
+ 01:03:09,160 --> 01:03:14,080
2927
+ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏูˆุด ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃูŠู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุชูˆุตู„ู‡ ู„ู€ carcinoma, cardiac
2928
+
2929
+ 733
2930
+ 01:03:14,080 --> 01:03:20,180
2931
+ disease ุงู„ู€ liver failure all caused by this ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
2932
+
2933
+ 734
2934
+ 01:03:20,180 --> 01:03:22,420
2935
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ hemochromatosis ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
2936
+
2937
+ 735
2938
+ 01:03:22,420 --> 01:03:27,620
2939
+ ุฏู… ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ููŠู‡ุง 250 ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู…
2940
+
2941
+ 736
2942
+ 01:03:27,980 --> 01:03:32,020
2943
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ iron ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
2944
+
2945
+ 737
2946
+ 01:03:32,020 --> 01:03:36,300
2947
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠุชุฑุณุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ iron ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู†ูˆุน
2948
+
2949
+ 738
2950
+ 01:03:36,300 --> 01:03:40,580
2951
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช dietary cause ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ dietary ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†
2952
+
2953
+ 739
2954
+ 01:03:40,580 --> 01:03:49,460
2955
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุจูŠุฎุด ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุทุจุนุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุญุงู„ุงุช ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
2956
+
2957
+ 740
2958
+ 01:03:49,460 --> 01:03:56,420
2959
+ ุงู„ู€ iron ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทุจุฎ ููŠ ุฃูˆุงู†ูŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
2960
+
2961
+ 741
2962
+ 01:03:56,420 --> 01:03:59,400
2963
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠุดูŠุฑ ููŠ acute iron poisoning ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
2964
+
2965
+ 742
2966
+ 01:03:59,400 --> 01:04:03,580
2967
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุฑุจูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
2968
+
2969
+ 743
2970
+ 01:04:03,580 --> 01:04:07,080
2971
+ iron ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชู†ุชุญุฑ ูุจุชุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
2972
+
2973
+ 744
2974
+ 01:04:07,080 --> 01:04:14,160
2975
+ ู…ู† ุญุจูˆุจ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ chronic use ูƒู…ุงู† of iron
2976
+
2977
+ 745
2978
+ 01:04:14,160 --> 01:04:17,040
2979
+ supplementation ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† course
2980
+
2981
+ 746
2982
+ 01:04:17,040 --> 01:04:22,330
2983
+ ู…ู† courses ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
2984
+
2985
+ 747
2986
+ 01:04:22,330 --> 01:04:30,430
2987
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
2988
+
2989
+ 748
2990
+ 01:04:30,430 --> 01:04:36,370
2991
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชู…ุชุนุชู… ููŠู‡ุง
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,450 --> 00:00:06,930
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,930 --> 00:00:15,450
7
+ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู† tolerance ูˆ ุณู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:15,450 --> 00:00:21,650
11
+ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ but ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ definition of
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:21,650 --> 00:00:26,610
15
+ toleranceTolerance is a type of specific
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,610 --> 00:00:31,510
19
+ unresponsiveness to an antigen ุจูŠุฎุด ุงู†ุชุฌู† ูˆู…ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,510 --> 00:00:35,030
23
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ immune response ู„ู‡ Induced by the
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:35,030 --> 00:00:37,790
27
+ exposure of specific lymphocyte to that antigen
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:37,790 --> 00:00:42,950
31
+ it's induced ูŠุนู†ูŠ it's an active process but
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,950 --> 00:00:47,650
35
+ response to other antigen normally ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฎู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:47,650 --> 00:00:54,820
39
+ ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุนู…ู„ ุจูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ immune response forู‡ุฐุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:54,820 --> 00:01:00,780
43
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูู‚ุท ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูู‚ุท ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:00,780 --> 00:01:03,200
47
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:05,760
51
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:07,760
55
+ ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:07,760 --> 00:01:10,800
59
+ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:10,800 --> 00:01:15,520
63
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:16,200
67
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:16,200 --> 00:01:22,830
71
+ ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู„ูƒู† ู„ุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:22,830 --> 00:01:27,750
75
+ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง Normal individuals are tolerant to
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:27,750 --> 00:01:32,590
79
+ their own antigen ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ self-tolerance ุงู†ู‡ our
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:32,590 --> 00:01:39,070
83
+ own antigen are tolerized
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:39,070 --> 00:01:43,710
87
+ Foreign antigen may be administered in a way that
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,710 --> 00:01:46,630
91
+ preferentially inhibit immune response by inducing
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,630 --> 00:01:49,590
95
+ tolerance in specific lymphocytes ุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,590 --> 00:01:54,010
99
+ antigen inductionุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:54,010 --> 00:02:00,290
103
+ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ is tolerance immunological feature ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:00,290 --> 00:02:04,330
107
+ process is an antigen induced and it's an active
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:04,330 --> 00:02:08,930
111
+ process ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ immunological memory it's an
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:08,930 --> 00:02:14,970
115
+ antigen specific ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง it can exist in B cell and
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:14,970 --> 00:02:22,550
119
+ T cell or bothูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุชุฏุฎู„ ูˆ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ููŠ T-cell
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:22,550 --> 00:02:33,730
123
+ ู…ู† B-cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:33,730 --> 00:02:37,190
127
+ immunological memory ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ tolerance
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:37,190 --> 00:02:42,190
131
+ differences of immunological tolerance ูˆ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:42,190 --> 00:02:46,310
135
+ immunodeficiency ูˆ immunosuppression ุดูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุŸุฅู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:46,310 --> 00:02:49,410
139
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ tolerance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:49,410 --> 00:02:54,210
143
+ ูˆู…ุง ุงุดุชุบู„ู†ุง ุงูˆ ู…ุง ุงุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ immune response ูุจู†ุชูˆุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:54,210 --> 00:02:57,870
147
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ immunodeficiency ุงูˆ ุงู„
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,870 --> 00:03:05,590
151
+ immunosuppression ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ immunodeficiency ุงู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:05,590 --> 00:03:09,170
155
+ production of humor or self-mediated immunity is
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:09,170 --> 00:03:15,370
159
+ not thereูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฃูŠ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:15,370 --> 00:03:19,970
163
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ immune
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:19,970 --> 00:03:25,510
167
+ response ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงููŠ immune response ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ immune
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:25,510 --> 00:03:31,610
171
+ response ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบุงูŠุจ ุบุงูŠุจ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:31,610 --> 00:03:40,030
175
+ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฃูŠ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุฏุฑุงุฌ ู…ุนูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุงุฏุงุฉ ู…ู† ุงุฏูˆุงุช
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:40,030 --> 00:03:44,370
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ suppression which include physical or
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:44,370 --> 00:03:51,410
183
+ chemical ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ suppression by using this tool ูˆ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:51,410 --> 00:03:59,170
187
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† non specific to an antigen ุทูŠุจ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:59,170 --> 00:04:03,590
191
+ induction of immunological telomersIn fetal period
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:03,590 --> 00:04:06,790
195
+ and neonate ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุญูƒู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ูˆ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:06,790 --> 00:04:14,190
199
+ ุงู„ุงู‡ู†ุณ ููŠ 1945 ู„ู…ุง ูˆุฌุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ tolerance ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:14,190 --> 00:04:21,050
203
+ antigen of two ุงูˆ of two dizygotic twins
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:21,050 --> 00:04:26,650
207
+ monozygotic twins sorry monozygotic twins during
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:26,650 --> 00:04:31,980
211
+ fetal life ู‡ุฐุง ุงู‡ู†ุณูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† had the same
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:31,980 --> 00:04:37,980
215
+ vascular system ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:37,980 --> 00:04:44,800
219
+ die zygotic twin by experiment Medwar ุฅูŠุฌู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:44,800 --> 00:04:50,240
223
+ ูˆุฌู…ุงุนุชู‡ ูˆุงุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ string ุฅูŠุด ุฌุงู„ ุฌุงู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:56,720
227
+ ููŠู‡ ูุฑู‚ ู…ู† string A ุฃุฎุฏ graph ู…ู† string B it was
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:56,720 --> 00:05:09,620
231
+ rejectedู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง cells ู…ู† ุงู„ู€String B ูˆุญู‚ู†ู‡ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:09,620 --> 00:05:16,920
235
+ ููŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:16,920 --> 00:05:25,890
239
+ ูุงุฑafter birth ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุฃุณุทุฑูŠู† A ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒุจุฑ ู„ูˆ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:25,890 --> 00:05:31,550
243
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง String Engraft ู…ู† B ูˆ ุฃุญู‚ู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ A ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:31,550 --> 00:05:36,150
247
+ Engraft rejection ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† C ูˆ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุง
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:36,150 --> 00:05:40,950
251
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† C will Engraft ูˆ B will
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:40,950 --> 00:05:46,090
255
+ be rejected ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูŠู†ูŠุชู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:54,720 --> 00:06:02,420
259
+ tolerance ูƒุงูŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Stream A ูˆู‡ูˆ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:02,420 --> 00:06:08,200
263
+ ุงู„ู€ unit ูŠุนู†ูŠ after birth ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:08,200 --> 00:06:13,740
267
+ ูˆ ุฃุญู‚ู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ Stream B ูˆ ุฃุญู‚ู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ Stream Aูˆ ู„ู…ุง
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:13,740 --> 00:06:22,040
271
+ ูƒุจุฑ ุงุฎุฏู†ุง graph ู…ู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:22,040 --> 00:06:26,560
275
+ ุจูŠ ุจุนุฏ 14 ูŠูˆู… ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ graph rejection
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:29,250 --> 00:06:35,910
279
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูˆู† ุญู‚ู† ู‡ุฐูŠ strain A ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู† skin ุฎุฏู†ุง
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:35,910 --> 00:06:39,510
283
+ skin graft ู…ู† strain B ูˆุญู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ B ูˆุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ A
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:39,510 --> 00:06:45,450
287
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ cellular rejection ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุญู‚ู„ู†ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:45,450 --> 00:06:51,730
291
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† strain B ููŠ strain A ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:52,610 --> 00:06:58,510
295
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ after six weeks
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:58,510 --> 00:07:03,970
299
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ skin graft ู…ู† ุจูŠ ูˆ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:03,970 --> 00:07:07,990
303
+ ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ rejection ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุนุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ู…ู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:07,990 --> 00:07:14,810
307
+ strain C ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูƒู†ุง ุญู‚ู†ูŠู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู†
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:14,810 --> 00:07:18,810
311
+ strain Bูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ash rejection
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:18,810 --> 00:07:27,850
315
+ ู…ุงู†ุนู‡ specific for ash for the cell that
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:27,850 --> 00:07:35,830
319
+ injectedantigen and immunological tolerance
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:35,830 --> 00:07:41,030
323
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ adult ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ concentration of
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:41,030 --> 00:07:44,390
327
+ antigen ูˆููŠู†ุง two types of antigen monomer or
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:44,390 --> 00:07:49,450
331
+ aggregate ุงู„ pathway of antigen is also ูƒูŠ ู…ุฎุด
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:49,450 --> 00:07:55,690
335
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆfeature of determinant ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุงุจุชูˆุจ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:55,690 --> 00:08:03,620
339
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ teleogenic ุงุจุชูˆุจ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:03,620 --> 00:08:05,340
343
+ ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:05,340 --> 00:08:06,480
347
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:06,480 --> 00:08:07,780
351
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:07,780 --> 00:08:08,740
355
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:08,740 --> 00:08:09,200
359
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:09,220
363
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:09,220 --> 00:08:13,280
367
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:13,280 --> 00:08:25,280
371
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:28,910 --> 00:08:33,070
375
+ response ุจุณ ู…ุชู‰ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ dose ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ dose ุงูŠู‡ ุงุด
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:33,070 --> 00:08:45,870
379
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ immune response ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:45,870 --> 00:08:52,990
383
+ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ dose ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:52,990 --> 00:08:56,890
387
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ high dose ุตุงุฑ ููŠ tolerance ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:56,890 --> 00:09:02,760
391
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ูŠุฑ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงุณุจูˆู†ุณ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:02,760 --> 00:09:06,780
395
+ secondary ู…ูŠุฑูˆ ุงุณุจูˆู†ุณ faster and bigger ู†ุนู…ู„ ู†ูุณ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:06,780 --> 00:09:12,620
399
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ tolerance for T
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:12,620 --> 00:09:21,040
403
+ cell ุงูŠุง is easier ุงูƒุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ and even it needs
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:26,870
407
+ low amount of antigenit lasts more ุฏุง ูŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:26,870 --> 00:09:33,250
411
+ ุฎู…ุณ .. ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุถุงูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุณู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:33,250 --> 00:09:41,670
415
+ beesel ุงู„ ..survival time ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ tolerance
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:41,670 --> 00:09:51,990
419
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ ู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ bomber b cell ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:51,990 --> 00:10:00,530
423
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ุญุชู‰ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:10:00,530 --> 00:10:04,030
427
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ tolerance ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ physical form of
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:04,030 --> 00:10:09,920
431
+ antigenุงู„ู€ Large ูˆ Aggregate Complex Molecule
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:09,920 --> 00:10:15,480
435
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง Probably Processed ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู„ู€
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:15,480 --> 00:10:22,400
439
+ Antigen ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† Soluble ุฃูˆ Aggregate Free ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:22,400 --> 00:10:31,280
443
+ Simple Small Molecule ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† Not Processed Root of
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:31,280 --> 00:10:35,670
447
+ Injectionุฅุฐุง ุฏุฎู„ subcutaneous ุงูˆ Intramuscular
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:35,670 --> 00:10:41,790
451
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ resistance ุงูˆ tolerance ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:41,790 --> 00:10:48,210
455
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุฐุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:48,210 --> 00:10:51,630
459
+ ูƒุงู† subcutaneous ุงูˆ Intramuscular ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ immune
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:51,630 --> 00:10:54,710
463
+ response ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† oral ุงูˆ sometimes intravenous
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:54,710 --> 00:10:59,870
467
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุงูˆ immune response ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ dose of
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:59,870 --> 00:11:03,490
471
+ antigen ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ optimal dose ู‡ู†ุงู…ู…ูƒู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:03,490 --> 00:11:07,390
475
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† very large or very small dose
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:07,390 --> 00:11:10,570
479
+ ู…ู…ูƒู†
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:10,570 --> 00:11:12,390
483
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† very large or very small dose
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:12,390 --> 00:11:12,450
487
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† very large or very small
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:12,450 --> 00:11:12,550
491
+ dose ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† very large or very
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:12,550 --> 00:11:15,350
495
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:15,350 --> 00:11:17,450
499
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:17,450 --> 00:11:21,490
503
+ ู…ู…ูƒู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:21,490 --> 00:11:23,930
507
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:23,930 --> 00:11:24,790
511
+ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:24,790 --> 00:11:29,410
515
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:29,410 --> 00:11:37,610
519
+ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบุทุจุนุง fully differentiated ุจูŠูƒูˆู‘ู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:37,610 --> 00:11:42,630
523
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tolerance immune response ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ memory
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:42,630 --> 00:11:47,470
527
+ and effector cell ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ newborn ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:47,470 --> 00:11:53,370
531
+ ุงูˆ immunologically immature ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:53,370 --> 00:11:59,390
535
+ ููŠู‡ tolerance ุงูุถู„ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงุฎุชู…ู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:00,020 --> 00:12:04,780
539
+ Differentiation state of cells ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:04,780 --> 00:12:10,260
543
+ only immunological in their nature ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:10,260 --> 00:12:17,320
547
+ immunoresponse ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ tolerance ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ relative
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:23,580
551
+ undifferentiated ุจcell with only IgM ุฃูˆ T cell in
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:23,580 --> 00:12:24,900
555
+ the thymic cortex
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:28,620 --> 00:12:34,600
559
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ hostage ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ newborn ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ adult ุงู†ุฏูˆู†ุฒ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:34,600 --> 00:12:38,640
563
+ of tolerance ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงูŠุด
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:38,640 --> 00:12:43,620
567
+ ููŠ tolerance ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ newborn ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ู„ูƒู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:43,620 --> 00:12:50,080
571
+ ุจูŠุงุด ู…ู‚ุฑูˆู‚ุฉ mechanism
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:50,080 --> 00:12:53,390
575
+ of toleranceู‡ู†ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ู€ Central
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:53,390 --> 00:12:56,150
579
+ Tolerance ูˆ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Tolerance ุงู„ู€
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:56,150 --> 00:12:58,730
583
+ Central Tolerance ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ primary
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:58,730 --> 00:13:02,210
587
+ lymphoid organs ูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ self
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:02,210 --> 00:13:05,050
591
+ -reactive lymphocyte ููŠ ุงู„ primary lymphoid organs
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:05,050 --> 00:13:10,590
595
+ ูˆ ุงู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุจู…ุฑ ูˆ ุงุฑุซุงูŠู…ุณ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:10,590 --> 00:13:14,530
599
+ central tolerance ุงู„ู€ peripheral tolerance ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:14,530 --> 00:13:19,970
603
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‡ุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฎุทุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ primary lymphoid
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:19,970 --> 00:13:22,290
607
+ organs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุซุงูŠู…ุณ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:22,290 --> 00:13:26,050
611
+ periphery ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ tolerance by
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:26,050 --> 00:13:30,330
615
+ different means ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:30,330 --> 00:13:31,030
619
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:39,960
623
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ููˆู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูƒุงุฑูˆุณู„ุณู„ุจ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:39,960 --> 00:13:44,840
627
+ ุชุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:44,840 --> 00:13:53,600
631
+ self energy ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:55,460
635
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:55,460 --> 00:13:55,940
639
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:55,940 --> 00:13:56,140
643
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:03,070 --> 00:14:06,990
647
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ non specific for self-antigen ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุทู„ุน
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:06,990 --> 00:14:10,470
651
+ ุชูŠูˆู…ุฉ ุตุงุฏู antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ specific ู„ู‡ุง ุจุณุจุจ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:10,470 --> 00:14:16,070
655
+ clonal proliferation ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฑุจุช ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† primary
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:16,070 --> 00:14:21,070
659
+ lymphoid orgasm ูˆุทู„ุนุช which is auto reactive cell
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:21,070 --> 00:14:27,310
663
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ reactive for self-antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุชุงุชูุนู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:27,310 --> 00:14:37,280
667
+ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุชู…ูˆุชุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุฏุงูุน ุทุจุนุง ูƒุงู†ุช
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:41,040
671
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… of Tolerance deletion or energy or
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:44,600
675
+ lymphocyte that recognize self-antigen in the
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:44,600 --> 00:14:50,660
679
+ periphery Central tolerance ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ during
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:50,660 --> 00:14:53,400
683
+ maturation of lymphocyte in the thymus
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:53,400 --> 00:15:00,660
687
+ ุงู„ุชู„ูŠู…ูocyte ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„self-antigen ูˆุทุจุนุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:00,660 --> 00:15:04,690
691
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุฃูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุชู…ุณูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ self-antigen
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:04,690 --> 00:15:10,750
695
+ it was deleted by negative selection ุฃูŠุถุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:10,750 --> 00:15:17,990
699
+ ุงู„ negative selection ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ thymus ุงู„
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:17,990 --> 00:15:21,630
703
+ negative selection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ thymus ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:21,630 --> 00:15:27,550
707
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช auto-reactive ุณุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:27,550 --> 00:15:31,130
711
+ negative selection
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:33,440 --> 00:15:40,660
715
+ Central Tolerance ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:40,660 --> 00:15:48,940
719
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุฏู†ุชุฑุงุชูŠูƒุณู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:48,940 --> 00:15:53,300
723
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:53,300 --> 00:15:57,480
727
+ cell to cell contact ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชูŠ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:57,480 --> 00:16:06,140
731
+ ุงู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณูŠุฒู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ lack of
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:06,140 --> 00:16:12,420
735
+ costimulation ุงูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ apoptosis ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:16:12,420 --> 00:16:17,200
739
+ ุจุงู„ูุงุฒ ุจุงู„ูุงุฒ legend ุงูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ clonal
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:23,400
743
+ proliferation ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุตู„ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ูƒู„ ู„ุฅู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:23,400 --> 00:16:27,520
747
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู† ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ receptors ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ during ุงูƒุชุณุจุชู‡ู…
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:27,520 --> 00:16:32,310
751
+ during maturation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุณูŠู„ู‡ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:32,310 --> 00:16:38,410
755
+ surviving ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ bon marrow ูƒ mature cell ุงูˆ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:38,410 --> 00:16:43,710
759
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ thymus ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ T
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:43,710 --> 00:16:47,490
763
+ ุงู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ B ููŠ ุงู„ B ููŠ ุงู„ bon marrow ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:47,490 --> 00:16:52,090
767
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:52,090 --> 00:16:52,890
771
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:52,890 --> 00:16:52,950
775
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:52,950 --> 00:16:53,610
779
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:53,610 --> 00:16:54,150
783
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:54,150 --> 00:16:57,930
787
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ ุงุจุชูˆุจ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:57,930 --> 00:17:04,670
791
+ multivalent self-antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุณู„ู‡ุง ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:17:04,670 --> 00:17:11,190
795
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงุชุนุฑูุช ุงู„ IGM ุนู„ู‰ self-antigen ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:17:11,190 --> 00:17:17,210
799
+ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ allograft ูˆุจุนู…ู„ ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณุฒ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:17:19,770 --> 00:17:23,410
803
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Preferral Tolerance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Clonal
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:17:23,410 --> 00:17:26,690
807
+ Deletion ูˆ Clonal Ignorance Clonal Deletion ุฅู†ู‡
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:17:26,690 --> 00:17:30,930
811
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุฎุด ูˆ ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฏู„ูŠุดู† ุฅู…ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:17:30,930 --> 00:17:39,730
815
+ ุจูŠ ูุงุฒ ูุงุฒ ู„ุฌู†ุช interaction ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:39,730 --> 00:17:43,430
819
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Clonal Deletion ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ Clonal
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:43,430 --> 00:17:47,250
823
+ Ignorance ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฎุด ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู„ู‚ู‡
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:47,250 --> 00:17:53,330
827
+ responseู„ุณุจุจูŠู† ุฅู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุฅู…ุง ุฃู†
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:53,330 --> 00:17:58,850
831
+ ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ B lymphocyte ู‡ูˆ has
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:58,850 --> 00:18:07,110
835
+ low affinity to to this antigen ุทุจุนุง
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:18:07,110 --> 00:18:07,850
839
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:18:10,540 --> 00:18:13,380
843
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral ู„ู…ุง
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:18:13,380 --> 00:18:20,620
847
+ Viable Functional Lymphocyte ุชู‡ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Bone
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:18:20,620 --> 00:18:26,620
851
+ marrow ู„ุซุฉ ู„ู€ Peripheral Blood Clonal
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:26,620 --> 00:18:33,240
855
+ Energy ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ Inactivation Due to a lack of
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:43,550
859
+ co-stimulatory signalุงู„ุฅู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ูุดู„ุฉ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:43,550 --> 00:18:49,630
863
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:49,630 --> 00:18:50,290
867
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:50,290 --> 00:18:51,170
871
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:51,170 --> 00:18:51,350
875
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:51,350 --> 00:18:51,670
879
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:51,670 --> 00:18:52,130
883
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:52,130 --> 00:18:54,130
887
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:58,180 --> 00:19:04,840
891
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:04,840 --> 00:19:11,880
895
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุตูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:11,880 --> 00:19:20,980
899
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุจูŠู„ู… for science ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ู‡
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:20,980 --> 00:19:26,140
903
+ ุฎู„ูŠูƒ ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุตุฏุช ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ antigen ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุทู„ุน ุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:26,140 --> 00:19:32,720
907
+ antigen immunogenicุฃูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู†ุฑุฌูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:32,720 --> 00:19:36,960
911
+ functional unresponsiveness ุฃูˆ ุฃุจู„ุชูˆุณุฒ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:36,960 --> 00:19:40,960
915
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŸ ุจุชู†ูˆุถ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ induction
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:46,580
919
+ ู„ู„ุฃุจู„ุชูˆุณุฒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ูˆุถ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณู„ู‡ุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:46,580 --> 00:19:54,280
923
+ inactivation by energy ุทุจุนุง these ุงู„ ignorance ุฒูŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:54,280 --> 00:20:00,290
927
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู„ูƒู† we ignore itู„ูŠุดุŸ ุฏู‡ ู„ุฃู…ุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:00,290 --> 00:20:04,990
931
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ู„ู‡ affinity to that antigen ุฃูˆ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:04,990 --> 00:20:09,970
935
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠุด response ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ response
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:09,970 --> 00:20:17,430
939
+ ู„ูˆ ุงุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ immunogenic antigen ูู‡ูŠ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:17,430 --> 00:20:21,050
943
+ ุจุชุจูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ normal response ู‡ูŠ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:21,050 --> 00:20:26,360
947
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุชุจุงุทุงุช ูˆู‡ูŠ CD28 ู…ุน B7ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ MHC ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:26,360 --> 00:20:35,300
951
+ Class II MHC ูˆู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู€ Antigen ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:35,300 --> 00:20:42,460
955
+ Clonal Proliferation ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ Death ุงู„ energy ู‡ูŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:42,460 --> 00:20:47,420
959
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุตุงุฑ ุจุณ ุงู„ first signal ุงู„ู„ูŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:47,420 --> 00:20:58,810
963
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ MHC ู…ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ Antigen ู„ ุงู„ PCRู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:58,810 --> 00:21:06,510
967
+ TCR sorry ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ antigen is recognized ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:06,510 --> 00:21:10,070
971
+ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช costimulatory reaction ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชุฏุนู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:10,070 --> 00:21:13,270
975
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงูˆ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:26,220 --> 00:21:31,860
979
+ CD8786 ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†oglobulin ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:31,860 --> 00:21:39,000
983
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูŠุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:46,100
987
+ ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจูˆุชูˆุฑูŠ ุณุงูŠุชูˆูƒุงูŠู†ูˆุงู„ู€ CTLA4 ุงุฑุชุจุท ููŠ CD28
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:46,100 --> 00:21:52,280
991
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocyte ูุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:52,280 --> 00:21:57,300
995
+ Energy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ Energy ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ By Inactivation
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:57,300 --> 00:22:02,920
999
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Inhibition ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ CTLA4 ุงูˆ By Deletion
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:06,050 --> 00:22:11,990
1003
+ ุฃูŠ ู‚ู„ูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฑุฌูŠุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุตุงุฑุช ู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู‚ุฏู…ู„ู‡ุง
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:11,990 --> 00:22:18,230
1007
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฑุถุช ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ first signal ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:18,230 --> 00:22:23,650
1011
+ second signal ู…ุง ุญุตู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:23,650 --> 00:22:28,530
1015
+ inappropriate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ antigen presentation ุงูŠุด ุงู„
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:28,530 --> 00:22:29,510
1019
+ antigen ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:40,120 --> 00:22:44,960
1023
+ ู‡ูˆ ูŠู‚ู„ู† ุงู„ุงู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ B-Lymphocytes ูŠูˆู…
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:44,960 --> 00:22:49,960
1027
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุตู„ูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ B
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:49,960 --> 00:22:56,720
1031
+ -Lymphocyte ุงูŠุถุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠ ุงูˆ ูŠูˆู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:56,720 --> 00:23:02,620
1035
+ ุงูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ูุงุฒ ุจุงู„ูุงุฒ ู„ุฌู†ุฏ it will induce
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:02,620 --> 00:23:03,500
1039
+ apoptosis
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:09,820
1043
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู€ suppression in the
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:09,820 --> 00:23:15,540
1047
+ peripheral blood ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… TS T suppressor cell
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:15,540 --> 00:23:19,040
1051
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ suppression ู„ูƒ ูˆ it's not specific
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:26,440
1055
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุดุบู„ู‡ุง is not specific ู„ูƒู„ T lymphocytes or by
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:26,440 --> 00:23:29,640
1059
+ action of cytokine ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจู€
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:32,200
1063
+ growth factor beta and IL-10 and these are
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:32,200 --> 00:23:35,720
1067
+ inhibitory cytokine ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง inhibition ู„ู„ู…ูŠูˆ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:35,720 --> 00:23:40,400
1071
+ ุฑูŠุณุจูˆู†ุณor hold back in signal transduction ู…ุงูˆุตู„ุชุด
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:44,740
1075
+ ุงู„ signal ู„ู†ูƒู„ูŠุฒ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ gene
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:44,740 --> 00:23:48,960
1079
+ transcription ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:55,020
1083
+ translation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด ููŠู‡ function
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:55,020 --> 00:24:00,560
1087
+ immunologically privileged sites ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู„ุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:00,560 --> 00:24:06,820
1091
+ ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง immune response ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ุง
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:07,650 --> 00:24:13,450
1095
+ self antigen ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ foreign antigen ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:13,450 --> 00:24:18,530
1099
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ cornea of the
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:18,530 --> 00:24:27,170
1103
+ heart of the eye ูˆ ุงู„ brain ูˆ testis
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:27,170 --> 00:24:33,190
1107
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ูˆ ุนุธู…ูƒ placenta ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:33,190 --> 00:24:40,480
1111
+ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง immune responseู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู„ูŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:40,480 --> 00:24:45,460
1115
+ ู…ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ุชูˆู„ุฑุงู†ุณ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:49,780
1119
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† normal immune response ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:49,780 --> 00:24:52,640
1123
+ ุงุฑุชุจุท ูˆุงุฎุฏุช two signal ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ proliferation
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:56,700
1127
+ differentiation ูˆู†ุดุทุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ T lymphocytes
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:56,700 --> 00:25:01,240
1131
+ ูุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ energy ูƒูŠู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:01,240 --> 00:25:04,640
1135
+ energy ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ lack of costimulation ู‡ูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:04,640 --> 00:25:07,780
1139
+ without costimulation ูŠุนู†ูŠ without the second
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:07,780 --> 00:25:12,560
1143
+ signal ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุชู…ุดุท ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:12,560 --> 00:25:17,710
1147
+ two signalูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ..
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:17,710 --> 00:25:19,890
1151
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Cost-Military-Reaction ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุช
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:19,890 --> 00:25:24,190
1155
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุฎุดุช ููŠ ุนู†ูŠุฑูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ุจุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:24,190 --> 00:25:29,230
1159
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจู€Inhibitory Receptor ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€B7 ุงุฑุชุจุท
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:25:29,230 --> 00:25:35,930
1163
+ ุจู€CTLA4 ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงู…ู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุด ุจุฑุถู‡ Unresponsible ุงูˆ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:25:35,930 --> 00:25:42,860
1167
+ By Deletion ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุฒ ุงุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุฒ Legendุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:42,860 --> 00:25:49,260
1171
+ apoptosis ุฃูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ cytokine mediated suppression
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:49,260 --> 00:25:53,100
1175
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ inhibitory cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:53,100 --> 00:25:59,560
1179
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ IL-2 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู†ุดุงุท
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:59,560 --> 00:26:03,400
1183
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ inhibition of proliferation and effector
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:08,680
1187
+ action ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ two
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:26:08,680 --> 00:26:15,170
1191
+ signalุจุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุซู… ุจูŠ ุณูŠูุฑ ู…ุน CD 28 ุจุชุจุนุช
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:15,170 --> 00:26:22,290
1195
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุซู… Signal 2 ุจุฏู‡ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:22,290 --> 00:26:27,530
1199
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุญุตู„ ูˆุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:27,530 --> 00:26:33,660
1203
+ Activated ุชูŠู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุตุฑู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:26:33,660 --> 00:26:36,680
1207
+ Tolerance ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ู€ Co-Stimulatory Reaction ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:36,680 --> 00:26:42,040
1211
+ ู‡ูˆ Signal ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู† Signal ุงุชู†ูŠู† is absent
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:47,020
1215
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ Tolerance ุงูˆ Energy ุงูˆ Apoptosis from lack
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:47,020 --> 00:26:51,340
1219
+ of Signal ู„ูƒ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:51,340 --> 00:26:55,120
1223
+ of Co-Stimulation can lead to Tolerance ุงูˆ Energy
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:55,120 --> 00:27:00,400
1227
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ normal immune responseู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด co
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:03,640
1231
+ -stimulation ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ energy ู‡ุงู† ููŠู‡ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:03,640 --> 00:27:08,300
1235
+ inhibitory receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CTLA4 ุงูˆ cytotoxic
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:08,300 --> 00:27:12,740
1239
+ lymphocyte antigen ุฑู‚ู… 4 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู† ุงูŠุด
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:12,740 --> 00:27:16,640
1243
+ unresponsiveness
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:16,640 --> 00:27:21,500
1247
+ ุงูˆ energyregulatory by cytokine ู‡ุงูŠ ุขูŠุงู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู€
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:21,500 --> 00:27:23,420
1251
+ Transforming Growth Factor Beta ุนู…ู„ุช ุนู†
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:23,420 --> 00:27:26,980
1255
+ responsiveness to the activation of T lymphocyte
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:26,980 --> 00:27:32,140
1259
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ pathways ู…ู„ุฎุตุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ for
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:32,140 --> 00:27:37,100
1263
+ peripheral tolerance ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ normal ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:37,100 --> 00:27:42,640
1267
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† anatomical barriers ุงูˆ immunological
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:47,280
1271
+ tolerance ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุจุณ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:47,280 --> 00:27:50,240
1275
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:50,240 --> 00:27:54,360
1279
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:54,360 --> 00:27:58,720
1283
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:58,720 --> 00:27:59,640
1287
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:59,640 --> 00:28:01,260
1291
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:01,260 --> 00:28:02,580
1295
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:02,580 --> 00:28:05,040
1299
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:05,040 --> 00:28:09,280
1303
+ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:15,560
1307
+ ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:25,860
1311
+ ูุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ Induction of Tolerance by
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:25,860 --> 00:28:31,780
1315
+ Antibody Inhibition by Antibody Feedback ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:31,780 --> 00:28:35,960
1319
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏูˆุง Antibody ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ู€ Antigen
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:35,960 --> 00:28:40,580
1323
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:40,580 --> 00:28:45,480
1327
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุดุทุฉ ุฃูˆ specific for that Antigen will not
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:45,480 --> 00:28:49,120
1331
+ encounter that Antigen ู…ุด ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู†ุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:49,120 --> 00:29:01,180
1335
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Neutralization ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸู„ู„ู€ Antigen ูˆุงู†ุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:01,180 --> 00:29:05,380
1339
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NTD ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:05,380 --> 00:29:10,460
1343
+ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ููŠ ุชุงู†ูŠุณ ุงูˆ ููŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:10,460 --> 00:29:14,500
1347
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุชุนุงุฑุถ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุดูˆ ุจุนู…ู„
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:14,500 --> 00:29:21,080
1351
+ ุจุนู…ู„ neutralization ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุทู„
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:21,660 --> 00:29:29,140
1355
+ ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุดุทู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุชุฑูŠ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู†
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:29,140 --> 00:29:32,720
1359
+ ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุชุฑูŠ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ B-cell ููŠ FC Gamma
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:32,720 --> 00:29:38,300
1363
+ receptor 2 ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ T-cell ููŠ cytotoxic lymphocyte
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:38,300 --> 00:29:44,640
1367
+ antigen number 4 ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ NK cell ููŠ KIR killer
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:44,640 --> 00:29:48,020
1371
+ inhibitory receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:48,020 --> 00:29:50,460
1375
+ immunoglobulin likes receptor
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:53,100 --> 00:29:56,280
1379
+ Anti-Idiotypes and Immune Regulation ุฌุนู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:56,280 --> 00:30:00,460
1383
+ Anti-Idiotypes ูˆู‚ุจู„ ุนู† Antibody ุถุฏ ุงู„ู€Fabregion of
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:00,460 --> 00:30:04,240
1387
+ Antibody ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Plocking ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:10,460
1391
+ ู„ู„ู€Fabregionูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ unresponsiveness
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:10,460 --> 00:30:17,280
1395
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ unresponsiveness ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ููŠู‡ ููŠ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:17,280 --> 00:30:20,640
1399
+ ุงู„ูุนุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ antibody ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ antibody
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:20,640 --> 00:30:24,900
1403
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูุนุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูุนุจ ุชุงู†ูŠ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:24,900 --> 00:30:30,940
1407
+ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุฃูˆุฑุงู„ุฏ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงู„ุฏ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุณ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:30:30,940 --> 00:30:33,680
1411
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุจุช .. ุจูŠุฎุด ุฌูˆุง ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ู…ู„ูŠุงู†
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:37,660
1415
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‰ ุฎุงู†ูŠุชูŠู† ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:30:37,660 --> 00:30:42,360
1419
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ูˆุฑุงู„ุฏ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุณ ุงู„ู€ TR3 ูˆ TR1 ุงู„ู€
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:42,360 --> 00:30:47,450
1423
+ TR1 ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุงูŠ ุฃูŠุดุŸ ุจุงูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ inducing
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:47,450 --> 00:30:50,390
1427
+ inhibitory cytokine ุงูˆ secreting inhibitory
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:50,390 --> 00:30:55,530
1431
+ cytokine T ุงู„ุจุฑุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ antigen
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:55,530 --> 00:31:00,930
1435
+ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ low antigen dose ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ T ุงู„ุจุฑุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:00,930 --> 00:31:06,970
1439
+ suppress ู…ุงุดูŠ by
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:06,970 --> 00:31:11,590
1443
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ low dose ุฎู„ุงุต ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูˆ inhibition
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:12,180 --> 00:31:15,600
1447
+ ุงู„ู€ high dose ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠุตุจุญ absorption ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:15,600 --> 00:31:21,280
1451
+ ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ energy ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ co-stimulatory
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:28,440
1455
+ reaction formation ุงู„ horror tolerance horror
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:31:28,440 --> 00:31:30,720
1459
+ tolerance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ immune
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:31:30,720 --> 00:31:34,600
1463
+ privileged ุณุงุนุฏ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:41,630
1467
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง immune privileged ูŠุนู†ูŠู…ุญุตู†ุฉ ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:41,630 --> 00:31:46,510
1471
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง immune response ุงู…ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:46,510 --> 00:31:49,130
1475
+ eye ูˆ ุงู„ testis ูˆ ุงู„ brain ูˆ ุงู„ ovary ูˆ ุงู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:49,130 --> 00:31:53,290
1479
+ placenta ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู†
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:53,290 --> 00:31:57,510
1483
+ ูุงุฒ ูุงุฒ legend ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ immune
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:57,510 --> 00:32:02,190
1487
+ privileged sites biological tolerance ูˆ clinical
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:32:06,200 --> 00:32:10,960
1491
+ in clinical medicine ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ immunological
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:32:10,960 --> 00:32:15,780
1495
+ trials ู†ุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงู ุงู„ู‚ุงุชูŠุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:32:15,780 --> 00:32:20,240
1499
+ to prevent the rejection of organ allograft and
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:24,020
1503
+ xenograft ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† to treat autoimmune ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:32:24,020 --> 00:32:30,100
1507
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ to treat allergy ุงูŠุถุง
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:32:30,100 --> 00:32:43,230
1511
+ to treatุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tumor induction of tolerance ุทุจุนุง
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:32:43,230 --> 00:32:50,630
1515
+ by enhancement of ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงุนู…ู„
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:50,630 --> 00:32:57,430
1519
+ termination ู„ู„ tolerance ุฒูŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:57,430 --> 00:33:01,470
1523
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tumor cell ุงูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช infectious
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:33:02,610 --> 00:33:06,190
1527
+ Infection Disease ุจุนู…ู„ Termination ู„ู„ุชุฑุงู†ุณ ุนุดุงู†
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:33:06,190 --> 00:33:10,410
1531
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ Good Immune Response ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:33:10,410 --> 00:33:14,190
1535
+ Clinical Phase ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุตุงุฑ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:33:14,190 --> 00:33:20,290
1539
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Hematoma ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Hep Hematoma ุงูˆ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:20,290 --> 00:33:21,450
1543
+ Line Hematoma
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:33:23,670 --> 00:33:27,330
1547
+ ูˆุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฌุงู„ู‡ six years old
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:33:27,330 --> 00:33:30,830
1551
+ male ุทูู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงุฌู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ emergency room
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:33:30,830 --> 00:33:35,150
1555
+ with unexplained bruising ููŠ ุฅู†ุฏูˆู†ุงุฒูŠู due to
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:35,150 --> 00:33:41,130
1559
+ minor trauma ู„ู…ุง ุฏูˆุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ coordination factor
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:33:41,130 --> 00:33:45,090
1563
+ ู„ุฌูˆุง factor ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ level is less than one percent
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:33:45,090 --> 00:33:50,790
1567
+ of normal ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ patient ุงุนุทูˆู‡ factor ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:50,790 --> 00:33:56,900
1571
+ concentrateูˆ ุณุงุจูˆู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุญุฑุฑูˆู‡ ูˆ ุทู„ุนูˆู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:33:56,900 --> 00:34:13,800
1575
+ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ two weeks ุงุฑุฌุน ู…ุงุดูŠ ุง release
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:16,900
1579
+ ุจุทู„ุชูŠู† in two weeks ุงู‡ ูˆ the same problem ู…ุด
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:34:16,900 --> 00:34:20,820
1583
+ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉ ุงุนุทูˆู‡ factor ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† factor
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:34:20,820 --> 00:34:27,080
1587
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ Anti-Factor 8
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:34:27,080 --> 00:34:31,280
1591
+ Activity ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ Lack of
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:38,160
1595
+ Tolerance Lack of Tolerance ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:38,160 --> 00:34:43,160
1599
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ prevalence ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ููŠ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:43,160 --> 00:34:47,840
1603
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช Factor 8 ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ Factor 9 ุดูˆ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:49,940
1607
+ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏูˆุง ููŠ Factor 8
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:34:49,940 --> 00:34:54,320
1611
+ Concentrated or Recombined Factor 8 ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุซู…
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:54,320 --> 00:35:02,380
1615
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุชูˆุฑุงุช ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ุชู†ู‡ูŠุฒ ุงู„ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:35:02,380 --> 00:35:07,640
1619
+ ุงู‡ู… ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ู„ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:35:07,640 --> 00:35:15,300
1623
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู†ูƒ ุชุนุทูŠ Porcine ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:15,300 --> 00:35:19,480
1627
+ Porcine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู†ุงุฒูŠุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ู„ุณู‡
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:35:19,480 --> 00:35:21,260
1631
+ cross reactivity
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:24,080 --> 00:35:30,340
1635
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ Immunogenicity ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงุฏู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุณ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:30,340 --> 00:35:35,340
1639
+ ููŠู‡ high ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุณ ุจุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ factor
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:35,340 --> 00:35:42,600
1643
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ gene therapy ุงูŠุด
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:47,460
1647
+ ุงู„ inhibitors ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† IGG ูˆู„ู‡ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ sub
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:47,460 --> 00:35:52,390
1651
+ classes ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉุงู„ู€ Conditional Factor
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:52,390 --> 00:35:56,370
1655
+ Deficiency ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Autoimmune ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุจู„
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:56,370 --> 00:36:02,490
1659
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู… ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:02,490 --> 00:36:03,170
1663
+ Autoimmune.
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:36:05,550 --> 00:36:08,410
1667
+ It's usually associated with pregnancy,
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:36:08,610 --> 00:36:12,270
1671
+ autoimmunity, malignancy, multi-transfusion.
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:13,090 --> 00:36:18,570
1675
+ advanced age ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:18,570 --> 00:36:23,830
1679
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงุฑุฌูˆ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชูุฏุชู… ูˆุดูƒุฑุง
1680
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa4p3ndzdh57YrcgOPkXNm5/ta9IAuJz01I_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1708 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,450 --> 00:00:06,930
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,930 --> 00:00:15,450
7
+ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู† tolerance ูˆ ุณู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:15,450 --> 00:00:21,650
11
+ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ but ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ definition of
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:21,650 --> 00:00:26,610
15
+ toleranceTolerance is a type of specific
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:26,610 --> 00:00:31,510
19
+ unresponsiveness to an antigen ุจูŠุฎุด ุงู†ุชุฌู† ูˆู…ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,510 --> 00:00:35,030
23
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ immune response ู„ู‡ Induced by the
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:35,030 --> 00:00:37,790
27
+ exposure of specific lymphocyte to that antigen
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:37,790 --> 00:00:42,950
31
+ it's induced ูŠุนู†ูŠ it's an active process but
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,950 --> 00:00:47,650
35
+ response to other antigen normally ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฎู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:47,650 --> 00:00:54,820
39
+ ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุนู…ู„ ุจูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ immune response forู‡ุฐุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:54,820 --> 00:01:00,780
43
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูู‚ุท ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูู‚ุท ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:00,780 --> 00:01:03,200
47
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,200 --> 00:01:05,760
51
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:07,760
55
+ ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:07,760 --> 00:01:10,800
59
+ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:10,800 --> 00:01:15,520
63
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:16,200
67
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:16,200 --> 00:01:22,830
71
+ ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู†ุณ ุชู„ุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏูุน ู„ู„ุชู„ุฑู„ูƒู† ู„ุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:22,830 --> 00:01:27,750
75
+ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง Normal individuals are tolerant to
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:27,750 --> 00:01:32,590
79
+ their own antigen ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ self-tolerance ุงู†ู‡ our
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:32,590 --> 00:01:39,070
83
+ own antigen are tolerized
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:39,070 --> 00:01:43,710
87
+ Foreign antigen may be administered in a way that
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,710 --> 00:01:46,630
91
+ preferentially inhibit immune response by inducing
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,630 --> 00:01:49,590
95
+ tolerance in specific lymphocytes ุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,590 --> 00:01:54,010
99
+ antigen inductionุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:54,010 --> 00:02:00,290
103
+ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ is tolerance immunological feature ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:00,290 --> 00:02:04,330
107
+ process is an antigen induced and it's an active
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:04,330 --> 00:02:08,930
111
+ process ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ immunological memory it's an
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:08,930 --> 00:02:14,970
115
+ antigen specific ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง it can exist in B cell and
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:14,970 --> 00:02:22,550
119
+ T cell or bothูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุชุฏุฎู„ ูˆ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ููŠ T-cell
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:22,550 --> 00:02:33,730
123
+ ู…ู† B-cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:33,730 --> 00:02:37,190
127
+ immunological memory ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ tolerance
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:37,190 --> 00:02:42,190
131
+ differences of immunological tolerance ูˆ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:42,190 --> 00:02:46,310
135
+ immunodeficiency ูˆ immunosuppression ุดูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุŸุฅู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:46,310 --> 00:02:49,410
139
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ tolerance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:49,410 --> 00:02:54,210
143
+ ูˆู…ุง ุงุดุชุบู„ู†ุง ุงูˆ ู…ุง ุงุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ immune response ูุจู†ุชูˆุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:54,210 --> 00:02:57,870
147
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ immunodeficiency ุงูˆ ุงู„
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,870 --> 00:03:05,590
151
+ immunosuppression ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ immunodeficiency ุงู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:05,590 --> 00:03:09,170
155
+ production of humor or self-mediated immunity is
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:09,170 --> 00:03:15,370
159
+ not thereูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฃูŠ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:15,370 --> 00:03:19,970
163
+ ุบูŠุงุจ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู€ immune
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:19,970 --> 00:03:25,510
167
+ response ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงููŠ immune response ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ immune
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:25,510 --> 00:03:31,610
171
+ response ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบุงูŠุจ ุบุงูŠุจ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:31,610 --> 00:03:40,030
175
+ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฃูŠ ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุฏุฑุงุฌ ู…ุนูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุงุฏุงุฉ ู…ู† ุงุฏูˆุงุช
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:40,030 --> 00:03:44,370
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ suppression which include physical or
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:44,370 --> 00:03:51,410
183
+ chemical ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ suppression by using this tool ูˆ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:51,410 --> 00:03:59,170
187
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† non specific to an antigen ุทูŠุจ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:59,170 --> 00:04:03,590
191
+ induction of immunological telomersIn fetal period
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:03,590 --> 00:04:06,790
195
+ and neonate ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุญูƒู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ูˆ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:06,790 --> 00:04:14,190
199
+ ุงู„ุงู‡ู†ุณ ููŠ 1945 ู„ู…ุง ูˆุฌุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ tolerance ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:14,190 --> 00:04:21,050
203
+ antigen of two ุงูˆ of two dizygotic twins
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:21,050 --> 00:04:26,650
207
+ monozygotic twins sorry monozygotic twins during
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:26,650 --> 00:04:31,980
211
+ fetal life ู‡ุฐุง ุงู‡ู†ุณูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† had the same
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:31,980 --> 00:04:37,980
215
+ vascular system ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:37,980 --> 00:04:44,800
219
+ die zygotic twin by experiment Medwar ุฅูŠุฌู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:44,800 --> 00:04:50,240
223
+ ูˆุฌู…ุงุนุชู‡ ูˆุงุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ string ุฅูŠุด ุฌุงู„ ุฌุงู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:56,720
227
+ ููŠู‡ ูุฑู‚ ู…ู† string A ุฃุฎุฏ graph ู…ู† string B it was
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:56,720 --> 00:05:09,620
231
+ rejectedู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง cells ู…ู† ุงู„ู€String B ูˆุญู‚ู†ู‡ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:09,620 --> 00:05:16,920
235
+ ููŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:16,920 --> 00:05:25,890
239
+ ูุงุฑafter birth ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุฃุณุทุฑูŠู† A ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒุจุฑ ู„ูˆ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:25,890 --> 00:05:31,550
243
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง String Engraft ู…ู† B ูˆ ุฃุญู‚ู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ A ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:31,550 --> 00:05:36,150
247
+ Engraft rejection ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† C ูˆ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุง
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:36,150 --> 00:05:40,950
251
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† C will Engraft ูˆ B will
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:40,950 --> 00:05:46,090
255
+ be rejected ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูŠู†ูŠุชู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:54,720 --> 00:06:02,420
259
+ tolerance ูƒุงูŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Stream A ูˆู‡ูˆ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:02,420 --> 00:06:08,200
263
+ ุงู„ู€ unit ูŠุนู†ูŠ after birth ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:08,200 --> 00:06:13,740
267
+ ูˆ ุฃุญู‚ู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ Stream B ูˆ ุฃุญู‚ู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ Stream Aูˆ ู„ู…ุง
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:13,740 --> 00:06:22,040
271
+ ูƒุจุฑ ุงุฎุฏู†ุง graph ู…ู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:22,040 --> 00:06:26,560
275
+ ุจูŠ ุจุนุฏ 14 ูŠูˆู… ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ graph rejection
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:29,250 --> 00:06:35,910
279
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูˆู† ุญู‚ู† ู‡ุฐูŠ strain A ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู† skin ุฎุฏู†ุง
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:35,910 --> 00:06:39,510
283
+ skin graft ู…ู† strain B ูˆุญู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ B ูˆุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ A
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:39,510 --> 00:06:45,450
287
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ cellular rejection ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุญู‚ู„ู†ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:45,450 --> 00:06:51,730
291
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† strain B ููŠ strain A ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:52,610 --> 00:06:58,510
295
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ after six weeks
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:58,510 --> 00:07:03,970
299
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ skin graft ู…ู† ุจูŠ ูˆ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:03,970 --> 00:07:07,990
303
+ ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ rejection ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุนุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ู…ู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:07,990 --> 00:07:14,810
307
+ strain C ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูƒู†ุง ุญู‚ู†ูŠู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู†
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:14,810 --> 00:07:18,810
311
+ strain Bูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ash rejection
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:18,810 --> 00:07:27,850
315
+ ู…ุงู†ุนู‡ specific for ash for the cell that
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:27,850 --> 00:07:35,830
319
+ injectedantigen and immunological tolerance
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:35,830 --> 00:07:41,030
323
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ adult ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ concentration of
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:41,030 --> 00:07:44,390
327
+ antigen ูˆููŠู†ุง two types of antigen monomer or
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:44,390 --> 00:07:49,450
331
+ aggregate ุงู„ pathway of antigen is also ูƒูŠ ู…ุฎุด
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:49,450 --> 00:07:55,690
335
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆfeature of determinant ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุงุจุชูˆุจ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:55,690 --> 00:08:03,620
339
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ teleogenic ุงุจุชูˆุจ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:03,620 --> 00:08:05,340
343
+ ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:05,340 --> 00:08:06,480
347
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:06,480 --> 00:08:07,780
351
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:07,780 --> 00:08:08,740
355
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:08,740 --> 00:08:09,200
359
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:09,200
363
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:09,220
367
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:09,220 --> 00:08:13,280
371
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:13,280 --> 00:08:25,280
375
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:28,910 --> 00:08:33,070
379
+ response ุจุณ ู…ุชู‰ ูŠูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ dose ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ dose ุงูŠู‡ ุงุด
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:33,070 --> 00:08:45,870
383
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ immune response ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:45,870 --> 00:08:52,990
387
+ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ dose ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:52,990 --> 00:08:56,890
391
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ high dose ุตุงุฑ ููŠ tolerance ูˆุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:56,890 --> 00:09:02,760
395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ูŠุฑูˆ ุงุณุจูˆู†ุณ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:02,760 --> 00:09:06,780
399
+ secondary ู…ูŠุฑูˆ ุงุณุจูˆู†ุณ faster and bigger ู†ุนู…ู„ ู†ูุณ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:06,780 --> 00:09:12,620
403
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ tolerance for T
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:12,620 --> 00:09:21,040
407
+ cell ุงูŠุง is easier ุงูƒุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ and even it needs
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:26,870
411
+ low amount of antigenit lasts more ุฏุง ูŠู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:26,870 --> 00:09:33,250
415
+ ุฎู…ุณ .. ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุถุงูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุณู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:33,250 --> 00:09:41,670
419
+ beesel ุงู„ ..survival time ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ tolerance
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:41,670 --> 00:09:51,990
423
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ ู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ bomber b cell ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:51,990 --> 00:10:00,530
427
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ุญุชู‰ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:10:00,530 --> 00:10:04,030
431
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ tolerance ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ physical form of
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:10:04,030 --> 00:10:09,920
435
+ antigenุงู„ู€ Large ูˆ Aggregate Complex Molecule
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:10:09,920 --> 00:10:15,480
439
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง Probably Processed ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู„ู€
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:15,480 --> 00:10:22,400
443
+ Antigen ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† Soluble ุฃูˆ Aggregate Free ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:22,400 --> 00:10:31,280
447
+ Simple Small Molecule ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† Not Processed Root of
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:31,280 --> 00:10:35,670
451
+ Injectionุฅุฐุง ุฏุฎู„ subcutaneous ุงูˆ Intramuscular
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:35,670 --> 00:10:41,790
455
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ resistance ุงูˆ tolerance ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:41,790 --> 00:10:48,210
459
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุฐุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:48,210 --> 00:10:51,630
463
+ ูƒุงู† subcutaneous ุงูˆ Intramuscular ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ immune
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:51,630 --> 00:10:54,710
467
+ response ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† oral ุงูˆ sometimes intravenous
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:54,710 --> 00:10:59,870
471
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุงูˆ immune response ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ dose of
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:59,870 --> 00:11:03,490
475
+ antigen ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ optimal dose ู‡ู†ุงู…ู…ูƒู†
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:03,490 --> 00:11:07,390
479
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† very large or very small dose
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:07,390 --> 00:11:10,570
483
+ ู…ู…ูƒู†
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:10,570 --> 00:11:12,390
487
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† very large or very small dose
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:12,390 --> 00:11:12,450
491
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† very large or very small
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:12,450 --> 00:11:12,550
495
+ dose ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† very large or very
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:12,550 --> 00:11:12,550
499
+ small dose ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:11:12,550 --> 00:11:15,350
503
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:15,350 --> 00:11:17,450
507
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:17,450 --> 00:11:21,490
511
+ ู…ู…ูƒู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:21,490 --> 00:11:23,930
515
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:23,930 --> 00:11:24,790
519
+ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:24,790 --> 00:11:29,410
523
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:29,410 --> 00:11:37,610
527
+ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุดุชุบุทุจุนุง fully differentiated ุจูŠูƒูˆู‘ู†
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:37,610 --> 00:11:42,630
531
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tolerance immune response ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ memory
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:42,630 --> 00:11:47,470
535
+ and effector cell ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ newborn ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:47,470 --> 00:11:53,370
539
+ ุงูˆ immunologically immature ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:53,370 --> 00:11:59,390
543
+ ููŠู‡ tolerance ุงูุถู„ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงุฎุชู…ู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:00,020 --> 00:12:04,780
547
+ Differentiation state of cells ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:04,780 --> 00:12:10,260
551
+ only immunological in their nature ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:10,260 --> 00:12:17,320
555
+ immunoresponse ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ tolerance ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ relative
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:23,580
559
+ undifferentiated ุจcell with only IgM ุฃูˆ T cell in
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:23,580 --> 00:12:24,900
563
+ the thymic cortex
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:28,620 --> 00:12:34,600
567
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ hostage ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ newborn ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ adult ุงู†ุฏูˆู†ุฒ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:34,600 --> 00:12:38,640
571
+ of tolerance ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงูŠุด
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:38,640 --> 00:12:43,620
575
+ ููŠ tolerance ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ newborn ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ู„ูƒู†
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:43,620 --> 00:12:50,080
579
+ ุจูŠุงุด ู…ู‚ุฑูˆู‚ุฉ mechanism
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:50,080 --> 00:12:53,390
583
+ of toleranceู‡ู†ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ู€ Central
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:53,390 --> 00:12:56,150
587
+ Tolerance ูˆ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Tolerance ุงู„ู€
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:56,150 --> 00:12:58,730
591
+ Central Tolerance ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ primary
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:58,730 --> 00:13:02,210
595
+ lymphoid organs ูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ self
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:02,210 --> 00:13:05,050
599
+ -reactive lymphocyte ููŠ ุงู„ primary lymphoid organs
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:05,050 --> 00:13:10,590
603
+ ูˆ ุงู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุจู…ุฑ ูˆ ุงุฑุซุงูŠู…ุณ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:10,590 --> 00:13:14,530
607
+ central tolerance ุงู„ู€ peripheral tolerance ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:14,530 --> 00:13:19,970
611
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‡ุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฎุทุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ primary lymphoid
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:19,970 --> 00:13:22,290
615
+ organs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุซุงูŠู…ุณ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:22,290 --> 00:13:26,050
619
+ periphery ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ tolerance by
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:26,050 --> 00:13:30,330
623
+ different means ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูุฑู‚ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:30,330 --> 00:13:31,030
627
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:39,960
631
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ููˆู„ูŠุจุฑุงู„ูƒุงุฑูˆุณู„ุณู„ุจ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:39,960 --> 00:13:44,840
635
+ ุชุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุชุฒ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:44,840 --> 00:13:53,600
639
+ self energy ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:55,460
643
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:55,460 --> 00:13:55,940
647
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:55,940 --> 00:13:56,140
651
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:03,070 --> 00:14:06,990
655
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ non specific for self-antigen ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุทู„ุน
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:06,990 --> 00:14:10,470
659
+ ุชูŠูˆู…ุฉ ุตุงุฏู antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ specific ู„ู‡ุง ุจุณุจุจ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:10,470 --> 00:14:16,070
663
+ clonal proliferation ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฑุจุช ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† primary
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:16,070 --> 00:14:21,070
667
+ lymphoid orgasm ูˆุทู„ุนุช which is auto reactive cell
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:21,070 --> 00:14:27,310
671
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ reactive for self-antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุชุงุชูุนู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:27,310 --> 00:14:37,280
675
+ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุชู…ูˆุชุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุฏุงูุน ุทุจุนุง ูƒุงู†ุช
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:41,040
679
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… of Tolerance deletion or energy or
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:44,600
683
+ lymphocyte that recognize self-antigen in the
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:44,600 --> 00:14:50,660
687
+ periphery Central tolerance ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ during
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:50,660 --> 00:14:53,400
691
+ maturation of lymphocyte in the thymus
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:53,400 --> 00:15:00,660
695
+ ุงู„ุชู„ูŠู…ูocyte ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„self-antigen ูˆุทุจุนุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:00,660 --> 00:15:04,690
699
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุฃูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุชู…ุณูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ self-antigen
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:04,690 --> 00:15:10,750
703
+ it was deleted by negative selection ุฃูŠุถุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:10,750 --> 00:15:17,990
707
+ ุงู„ negative selection ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ thymus ุงู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:17,990 --> 00:15:21,630
711
+ negative selection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ thymus ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:21,630 --> 00:15:27,550
715
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช auto-reactive ุณุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:27,550 --> 00:15:31,130
719
+ negative selection
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:33,440 --> 00:15:40,660
723
+ Central Tolerance ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:40,660 --> 00:15:48,940
727
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆุฏู†ุชุฑุงุชูŠูƒุณู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:48,940 --> 00:15:53,300
731
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:53,300 --> 00:15:57,480
735
+ cell to cell contact ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ู…ุงุฑูˆ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชูŠ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:57,480 --> 00:16:06,140
739
+ ุงู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณูŠุฒู…ุงุดูŠ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ lack of
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:16:06,140 --> 00:16:12,420
743
+ costimulation ุงูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ apoptosis ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:16:12,420 --> 00:16:17,200
747
+ ุจุงู„ูุงุฒ ุจุงู„ูุงุฒ legend ุงูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ clonal
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:23,400
751
+ proliferation ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุตู„ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ูƒู„ ู„ุฅู†
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:16:23,400 --> 00:16:27,520
755
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู† ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ receptors ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ during ุงูƒุชุณุจุชู‡ู…
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:16:27,520 --> 00:16:32,310
759
+ during maturation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุณูŠู„ู‡ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:16:32,310 --> 00:16:38,410
763
+ surviving ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ bon marrow ูƒ mature cell ุงูˆ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:16:38,410 --> 00:16:43,710
767
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ thymus ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ T
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:43,710 --> 00:16:47,490
771
+ ุงู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ B ููŠ ุงู„ B ููŠ ุงู„ bon marrow ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:47,490 --> 00:16:52,090
775
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:52,090 --> 00:16:52,890
779
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:52,890 --> 00:16:52,950
783
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:52,950 --> 00:16:53,610
787
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:53,610 --> 00:16:54,150
791
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:54,150 --> 00:16:54,150
795
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:54,150 --> 00:16:54,150
799
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:54,150 --> 00:16:54,150
803
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:54,150 --> 00:16:54,150
807
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:54,150 --> 00:16:57,930
811
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ ุงุจุชูˆุจ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:57,930 --> 00:17:04,670
815
+ multivalent self-antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุณู„ู‡ุง ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:17:04,670 --> 00:17:11,190
819
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงุชุนุฑูุช ุงู„ IGM ุนู„ู‰ self-antigen ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:11,190 --> 00:17:17,210
823
+ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ allograft ูˆุจุนู…ู„ ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณุฒ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:19,770 --> 00:17:23,410
827
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Preferral Tolerance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Clonal
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:23,410 --> 00:17:26,690
831
+ Deletion ูˆ Clonal Ignorance Clonal Deletion ุฅู†ู‡
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:26,690 --> 00:17:30,930
835
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุฎุด ูˆ ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฏู„ูŠุดู† ุฅู…ุง
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:30,930 --> 00:17:39,730
839
+ ุจูŠ ูุงุฒ ูุงุฒ ู„ุฌู†ุช interaction ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:39,730 --> 00:17:43,430
843
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Clonal Deletion ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ Clonal
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:43,430 --> 00:17:47,250
847
+ Ignorance ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฎุด ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุณู„ู‚ู‡
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:47,250 --> 00:17:53,330
851
+ responseู„ุณุจุจูŠู† ุฅู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุฅู…ุง ุฃู†
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:53,330 --> 00:17:58,850
855
+ ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ B lymphocyte ู‡ูˆ has
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:58,850 --> 00:18:07,110
859
+ low affinity to to this antigen ุทุจุนุง
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:07,110 --> 00:18:07,850
863
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:10,540 --> 00:18:13,380
867
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral ู„ู…ุง
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:13,380 --> 00:18:20,620
871
+ Viable Functional Lymphocyte ุชู‡ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Bone
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:20,620 --> 00:18:26,620
875
+ marrow ู„ุซุฉ ู„ู€ Peripheral Blood Clonal
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:26,620 --> 00:18:33,240
879
+ Energy ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ Inactivation Due to a lack of
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:43,550
883
+ co-stimulatory signalุงู„ุฅู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ูุดู„ุฉ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:43,550 --> 00:18:49,630
887
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:49,630 --> 00:18:50,290
891
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:50,290 --> 00:18:51,170
895
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:51,170 --> 00:18:51,350
899
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:51,350 --> 00:18:51,670
903
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:51,670 --> 00:18:52,130
907
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:52,130 --> 00:18:54,130
911
+ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฌ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:58,180 --> 00:19:04,840
915
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:04,840 --> 00:19:11,880
919
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุตูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:11,880 --> 00:19:20,980
923
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุจูŠู„ู… for science ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ู‡
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:20,980 --> 00:19:26,140
927
+ ุฎู„ูŠูƒ ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุตุฏุช ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ antigen ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุทู„ุน ุงู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:26,140 --> 00:19:32,720
931
+ antigen immunogenicุฃูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู†ุฑุฌูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:32,720 --> 00:19:36,960
935
+ functional unresponsiveness ุฃูˆ ุฃุจู„ุชูˆุณุฒ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:36,960 --> 00:19:40,960
939
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŸ ุจุชู†ูˆุถ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ induction
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:46,580
943
+ ู„ู„ุฃุจู„ุชูˆุณุฒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ูˆุถ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณู„ู‡ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:46,580 --> 00:19:54,280
947
+ inactivation by energy ุทุจุนุง these ุงู„ ignorance ุฒูŠ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:54,280 --> 00:20:00,290
951
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู„ูƒู† we ignore itู„ูŠุดุŸ ุฏู‡ ู„ุฃู…ุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:00,290 --> 00:20:04,990
955
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ู„ู‡ affinity to that antigen ุฃูˆ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:04,990 --> 00:20:09,970
959
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠุด response ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ response
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:09,970 --> 00:20:17,430
963
+ ู„ูˆ ุงุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ immunogenic antigen ูู‡ูŠ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:17,430 --> 00:20:21,050
967
+ ุจุชุจูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ normal response ู‡ูŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:21,050 --> 00:20:26,360
971
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุชุจุงุทุงุช ูˆู‡ูŠ CD28 ู…ุน B7ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ MHC ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:26,360 --> 00:20:35,300
975
+ Class II MHC ูˆู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู€ Antigen ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:35,300 --> 00:20:42,460
979
+ Clonal Proliferation ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ Death ุงู„ energy ู‡ูŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:42,460 --> 00:20:47,420
983
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุตุงุฑ ุจุณ ุงู„ first signal ุงู„ู„ูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:47,420 --> 00:20:58,810
987
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ MHC ู…ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ Antigen ู„ ุงู„ PCRู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:58,810 --> 00:21:06,510
991
+ TCR sorry ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ antigen is recognized ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:06,510 --> 00:21:10,070
995
+ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช costimulatory reaction ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชุฏุนู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:10,070 --> 00:21:13,270
999
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงูˆ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:26,220 --> 00:21:31,860
1003
+ CD8786 ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†oglobulin ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:31,860 --> 00:21:39,000
1007
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูŠุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:46,100
1011
+ ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจูˆุชูˆุฑูŠ ุณุงูŠุชูˆูƒุงูŠู†ูˆุงู„ู€ CTLA4 ุงุฑุชุจุท ููŠ CD28
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:46,100 --> 00:21:52,280
1015
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocyte ูุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:52,280 --> 00:21:57,300
1019
+ Energy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ Energy ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ By Inactivation
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:57,300 --> 00:22:02,920
1023
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Inhibition ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ CTLA4 ุงูˆ By Deletion
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:06,050 --> 00:22:11,990
1027
+ ุฃูŠ ู‚ู„ูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฑุฌูŠุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุตุงุฑุช ู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู‚ุฏู…ู„ู‡ุง
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:11,990 --> 00:22:18,230
1031
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฑุถุช ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ first signal ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:18,230 --> 00:22:23,650
1035
+ second signal ู…ุง ุญุตู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:23,650 --> 00:22:28,530
1039
+ inappropriate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ antigen presentation ุงูŠุด ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:28,530 --> 00:22:29,510
1043
+ antigen ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:40,120 --> 00:22:44,960
1047
+ ู‡ูˆ ูŠู‚ู„ู† ุงู„ุงู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ B-Lymphocytes ูŠูˆู…
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:44,960 --> 00:22:49,960
1051
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุตู„ูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ B
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:49,960 --> 00:22:56,720
1055
+ -Lymphocyte ุงูŠุถุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠ ุงูˆ ูŠูˆู…
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:56,720 --> 00:23:02,620
1059
+ ุงูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ูุงุฒ ุจุงู„ูุงุฒ ู„ุฌู†ุฏ it will induce
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:02,620 --> 00:23:03,500
1063
+ apoptosis
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:09,820
1067
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู€ suppression in the
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:09,820 --> 00:23:15,540
1071
+ peripheral blood ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… TS T suppressor cell
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:15,540 --> 00:23:19,040
1075
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ suppression ู„ูƒ ูˆ it's not specific
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:19,040 --> 00:23:26,440
1079
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุดุบู„ู‡ุง is not specific ู„ูƒู„ T lymphocytes or by
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:26,440 --> 00:23:29,640
1083
+ action of cytokine ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจู€
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:32,200
1087
+ growth factor beta and IL-10 and these are
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:32,200 --> 00:23:35,720
1091
+ inhibitory cytokine ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง inhibition ู„ู„ู…ูŠูˆ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:35,720 --> 00:23:40,400
1095
+ ุฑูŠุณุจูˆู†ุณor hold back in signal transduction ู…ุงูˆุตู„ุชุด
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:44,740
1099
+ ุงู„ signal ู„ู†ูƒู„ูŠุฒ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ gene
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:44,740 --> 00:23:48,960
1103
+ transcription ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:55,020
1107
+ translation ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด ููŠู‡ function
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:55,020 --> 00:24:00,560
1111
+ immunologically privileged sites ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู„ุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:00,560 --> 00:24:06,820
1115
+ ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง immune response ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ุง
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:07,650 --> 00:24:13,450
1119
+ self antigen ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ foreign antigen ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:13,450 --> 00:24:18,530
1123
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ cornea of the
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:18,530 --> 00:24:27,170
1127
+ heart of the eye ูˆ ุงู„ brain ูˆ testis
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:27,170 --> 00:24:33,190
1131
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ูˆ ุนุธู…ูƒ placenta ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:33,190 --> 00:24:40,480
1135
+ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง immune responseู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู„ูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:40,480 --> 00:24:45,460
1139
+ ู…ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ุชูˆู„ุฑุงู†ุณ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:49,780
1143
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† normal immune response ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:49,780 --> 00:24:52,640
1147
+ ุงุฑุชุจุท ูˆุงุฎุฏุช two signal ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ proliferation
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:56,700
1151
+ differentiation ูˆู†ุดุทุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ T lymphocytes
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:56,700 --> 00:25:01,240
1155
+ ูุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ energy ูƒูŠู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:01,240 --> 00:25:04,640
1159
+ energy ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ lack of costimulation ู‡ูŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:25:04,640 --> 00:25:07,780
1163
+ without costimulation ูŠุนู†ูŠ without the second
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:25:07,780 --> 00:25:12,560
1167
+ signal ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุชู…ุดุท ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‰
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:12,560 --> 00:25:17,710
1171
+ two signalูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ..
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:17,710 --> 00:25:19,890
1175
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Cost-Military-Reaction ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุช
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:19,890 --> 00:25:24,190
1179
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุฎุดุช ููŠ ุนู†ูŠุฑูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ุจุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:24,190 --> 00:25:29,230
1183
+ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจู€Inhibitory Receptor ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€B7 ุงุฑุชุจุท
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:29,230 --> 00:25:35,930
1187
+ ุจู€CTLA4 ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงู…ู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุด ุจุฑุถู‡ Unresponsible ุงูˆ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:35,930 --> 00:25:42,860
1191
+ By Deletion ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุฒ ุงุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุฒ Legendุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:42,860 --> 00:25:49,260
1195
+ apoptosis ุฃูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ cytokine mediated suppression
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:49,260 --> 00:25:53,100
1199
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ inhibitory cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:53,100 --> 00:25:59,560
1203
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ IL-2 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู†ุดุงุท
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:59,560 --> 00:26:03,400
1207
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ inhibition of proliferation and effector
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:08,680
1211
+ action ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ two
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:08,680 --> 00:26:15,170
1215
+ signalุจุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุซู… ุจูŠ ุณูŠูุฑ ู…ุน CD 28 ุจุชุจุนุช
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:15,170 --> 00:26:22,290
1219
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุซู… Signal 2 ุจุฏู‡ุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:22,290 --> 00:26:27,530
1223
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุญุตู„ ูˆุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:27,530 --> 00:26:33,660
1227
+ Activated ุชูŠู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุตุฑู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:33,660 --> 00:26:36,680
1231
+ Tolerance ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ู€ Co-Stimulatory Reaction ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:36,680 --> 00:26:42,040
1235
+ ู‡ูˆ Signal ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู† Signal ุงุชู†ูŠู† is absent
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:47,020
1239
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ Tolerance ุงูˆ Energy ุงูˆ Apoptosis from lack
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:47,020 --> 00:26:51,340
1243
+ of Signal ู„ูƒ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:51,340 --> 00:26:55,120
1247
+ of Co-Stimulation can lead to Tolerance ุงูˆ Energy
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:55,120 --> 00:27:00,400
1251
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ normal immune responseู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด co
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:03,640
1255
+ -stimulation ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ energy ู‡ุงู† ููŠู‡ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:03,640 --> 00:27:08,300
1259
+ inhibitory receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CTLA4 ุงูˆ cytotoxic
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:08,300 --> 00:27:12,740
1263
+ lymphocyte antigen ุฑู‚ู… 4 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู† ุงูŠุด
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:12,740 --> 00:27:16,640
1267
+ unresponsiveness
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:16,640 --> 00:27:21,500
1271
+ ุงูˆ energyregulatory by cytokine ู‡ุงูŠ ุขูŠุงู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู€
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:21,500 --> 00:27:23,420
1275
+ Transforming Growth Factor Beta ุนู…ู„ุช ุนู†
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:23,420 --> 00:27:26,980
1279
+ responsiveness to the activation of T lymphocyte
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:26,980 --> 00:27:32,140
1283
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ pathways ู…ู„ุฎุตุฉ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ for
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:32,140 --> 00:27:37,100
1287
+ peripheral tolerance ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ normal ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:37,100 --> 00:27:42,640
1291
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† anatomical barriers ุงูˆ immunological
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:47,280
1295
+ tolerance ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุจุณ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:47,280 --> 00:27:50,240
1299
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:50,240 --> 00:27:54,360
1303
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:54,360 --> 00:27:58,720
1307
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:58,720 --> 00:27:59,640
1311
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:59,640 --> 00:28:01,260
1315
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:01,260 --> 00:28:02,580
1319
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:02,580 --> 00:28:05,040
1323
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:05,040 --> 00:28:09,280
1327
+ ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:15,560
1331
+ ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ ู„ูŠุฌู†ุช ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:15,560 --> 00:28:15,560
1335
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุณ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:25,860
1339
+ ูุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ Induction of Tolerance by
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:25,860 --> 00:28:31,780
1343
+ Antibody Inhibition by Antibody Feedback ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุŸ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:31,780 --> 00:28:35,960
1347
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏูˆุง Antibody ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ู€ Antigen
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:35,960 --> 00:28:40,580
1351
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:40,580 --> 00:28:45,480
1355
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุดุทุฉ ุฃูˆ specific for that Antigen will not
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:45,480 --> 00:28:49,120
1359
+ encounter that Antigen ู…ุด ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู†ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:49,120 --> 00:29:01,180
1363
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Neutralization ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸู„ู„ู€ Antigen ูˆุงู†ุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:01,180 --> 00:29:05,380
1367
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NTD ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:05,380 --> 00:29:10,460
1371
+ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฑุชุฑูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ููŠ ุชุงู†ูŠุณ ุงูˆ ููŠ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:10,460 --> 00:29:14,500
1375
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุชุนุงุฑุถ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุดูˆ ุจุนู…ู„
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:14,500 --> 00:29:21,080
1379
+ ุจุนู…ู„ neutralization ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุทู„
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:21,660 --> 00:29:29,140
1383
+ ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุดุทู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุชุฑูŠ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ู‚ุงู„ ุงู†
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:29,140 --> 00:29:32,720
1387
+ ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุชุฑูŠ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ B-cell ููŠ FC Gamma
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:32,720 --> 00:29:38,300
1391
+ receptor 2 ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ T-cell ููŠ cytotoxic lymphocyte
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:38,300 --> 00:29:44,640
1395
+ antigen number 4 ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ NK cell ููŠ KIR killer
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:44,640 --> 00:29:48,020
1399
+ inhibitory receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:48,020 --> 00:29:50,460
1403
+ immunoglobulin likes receptor
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:53,100 --> 00:29:56,280
1407
+ Anti-Idiotypes and Immune Regulation ุฌุนู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:56,280 --> 00:30:00,460
1411
+ Anti-Idiotypes ูˆู‚ุจู„ ุนู† Antibody ุถุฏ ุงู„ู€Fabregion of
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:30:00,460 --> 00:30:04,240
1415
+ Antibody ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Plocking ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:10,460
1419
+ ู„ู„ู€Fabregionูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ unresponsiveness
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:10,460 --> 00:30:17,280
1423
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ unresponsiveness ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ููŠู‡ ููŠ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:17,280 --> 00:30:20,640
1427
+ ุงู„ูุนุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ antibody ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ antibody ุงู„ antibody
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:20,640 --> 00:30:24,900
1431
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูุนุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงุณูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูุนุจ ุชุงู†ูŠ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:24,900 --> 00:30:30,940
1435
+ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุฃูˆุฑุงู„ุฏ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงู„ุฏ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุณ ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:30,940 --> 00:30:33,680
1439
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุจุช .. ุจูŠุฎุด ุฌูˆุง ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ู…ู„ูŠุงู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:37,660
1443
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‰ ุฎุงู†ูŠุชูŠู† ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:37,660 --> 00:30:42,360
1447
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ูˆุฑุงู„ุฏ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุณ ุงู„ู€ TR3 ูˆ TR1 ุงู„ู€
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:42,360 --> 00:30:47,450
1451
+ TR1 ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุงูŠ ุฃูŠุดุŸ ุจุงูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ inducing
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:47,450 --> 00:30:50,390
1455
+ inhibitory cytokine ุงูˆ secreting inhibitory
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:50,390 --> 00:30:55,530
1459
+ cytokine T ุงู„ุจุฑุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ antigen
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:55,530 --> 00:31:00,930
1463
+ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ low antigen dose ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ T ุงู„ุจุฑุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:31:00,930 --> 00:31:06,970
1467
+ suppress ู…ุงุดูŠ by
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:06,970 --> 00:31:11,590
1471
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ low dose ุฎู„ุงุต ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูˆ inhibition
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:12,180 --> 00:31:15,600
1475
+ ุงู„ู€ high dose ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠุตุจุญ absorption ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:15,600 --> 00:31:21,280
1479
+ ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ energy ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ co-stimulatory
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:28,440
1483
+ reaction formation ุงู„ horror tolerance horror
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:28,440 --> 00:31:30,720
1487
+ tolerance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ immune
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:30,720 --> 00:31:34,600
1491
+ privileged ุณุงุนุฏ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:41,630
1495
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง immune privileged ูŠุนู†ูŠู…ุญุตู†ุฉ ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:41,630 --> 00:31:46,510
1499
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง immune response ุงู…ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:46,510 --> 00:31:49,130
1503
+ eye ูˆ ุงู„ testis ูˆ ุงู„ brain ูˆ ุงู„ ovary ูˆ ุงู„
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:49,130 --> 00:31:53,290
1507
+ placenta ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู†
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:53,290 --> 00:31:57,510
1511
+ ูุงุฒ ูุงุฒ legend ุจู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ immune
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:57,510 --> 00:32:02,190
1515
+ privileged sites biological tolerance ูˆ clinical
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:06,200 --> 00:32:10,960
1519
+ in clinical medicine ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ immunological
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:10,960 --> 00:32:15,780
1523
+ trials ู†ุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงู ุงู„ู‚ุงุชูŠุฉ ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:15,780 --> 00:32:20,240
1527
+ to prevent the rejection of organ allograft and
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:24,020
1531
+ xenograft ู†ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† to treat autoimmune ู†ู…ุฑุฉ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:24,020 --> 00:32:30,100
1535
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ to treat allergy ุงูŠุถุง
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:30,100 --> 00:32:43,230
1539
+ to treatุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tumor induction of tolerance ุทุจุนุง
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:43,230 --> 00:32:50,630
1543
+ by enhancement of ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงุนู…ู„
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:50,630 --> 00:32:57,430
1547
+ termination ู„ู„ tolerance ุฒูŠ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:57,430 --> 00:33:01,470
1551
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tumor cell ุงูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช infectious
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:33:02,610 --> 00:33:06,190
1555
+ Infection Disease ุจุนู…ู„ Termination ู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุชุฑุงู†ุณ ุนุดุงู†
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:06,190 --> 00:33:10,410
1559
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ Good Immune Response ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:33:10,410 --> 00:33:14,190
1563
+ Clinical Phase ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุตุงุฑ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:33:14,190 --> 00:33:20,290
1567
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Hematoma ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Hep Hematoma ุงูˆ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:33:20,290 --> 00:33:21,450
1571
+ Line Hematoma
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:33:23,670 --> 00:33:27,330
1575
+ ูˆุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฌุงู„ู‡ six years old
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:33:27,330 --> 00:33:30,830
1579
+ male ุทูู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุณุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงุฌู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ emergency room
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:33:30,830 --> 00:33:35,150
1583
+ with unexplained bruising ููŠ ุฅู†ุฏูˆู†ุงุฒูŠู due to
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:35,150 --> 00:33:41,130
1587
+ minor trauma ู„ู…ุง ุฏูˆุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ coordination factor
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:41,130 --> 00:33:45,090
1591
+ ู„ุฌูˆุง factor ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ level is less than one percent
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:33:45,090 --> 00:33:50,790
1595
+ of normal ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ patient ุงุนุทูˆู‡ factor ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:33:50,790 --> 00:33:56,900
1599
+ concentrateูˆ ุณุงุจูˆู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุญุฑุฑูˆู‡ ูˆ ุทู„ุนูˆู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:33:56,900 --> 00:34:13,800
1603
+ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ two weeks ุงุฑุฌุน ู…ุงุดูŠ ุง release
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:16,900
1607
+ ุจุทู„ุชูŠู† in two weeks ุงู‡ ูˆ the same problem ู…ุด
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:34:16,900 --> 00:34:20,820
1611
+ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉ ุงุนุทูˆู‡ factor ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† factor
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:20,820 --> 00:34:27,080
1615
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุดุบุงู„ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ Anti-Factor 8
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:34:27,080 --> 00:34:31,280
1619
+ Activity ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ Lack of
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:38,160
1623
+ Tolerance Lack of Tolerance ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:34:38,160 --> 00:34:43,160
1627
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ prevalence ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ููŠ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:34:43,160 --> 00:34:47,840
1631
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช Factor 8 ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ Factor 9 ุดูˆ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:49,940
1635
+ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏูˆุง ููŠ Factor 8
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:34:49,940 --> 00:34:54,320
1639
+ Concentrated or Recombined Factor 8 ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุซู…
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:34:54,320 --> 00:35:02,380
1643
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุชูˆุฑุงุช ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ุชู†ู‡ูŠุฒ ุงู„ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:02,380 --> 00:35:07,640
1647
+ ุงู‡ู… ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดูŠู† ู„ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:07,640 --> 00:35:15,300
1651
+ ุงู†ุชูŠุจุงุฏูŠ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู†ูƒ ุชุนุทูŠ Porcine ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:15,300 --> 00:35:19,480
1655
+ Porcine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู†ุงุฒูŠุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ู„ุณู‡
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:19,480 --> 00:35:21,260
1659
+ cross reactivity
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:35:24,080 --> 00:35:30,340
1663
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ Immunogenicity ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงุฏู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุณ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:35:30,340 --> 00:35:35,340
1667
+ ููŠู‡ high ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุณ ุจุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ factor
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:35:35,340 --> 00:35:42,600
1671
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ gene therapy ุงูŠุด
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:47,460
1675
+ ุงู„ inhibitors ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† IGG ูˆู„ู‡ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ sub
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:35:47,460 --> 00:35:52,390
1679
+ classes ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉุงู„ู€ Conditional Factor
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:35:52,390 --> 00:35:56,370
1683
+ Deficiency ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Autoimmune ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุจู„
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:35:56,370 --> 00:36:02,490
1687
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู… ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:02,490 --> 00:36:03,170
1691
+ Autoimmune.
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:05,550 --> 00:36:08,410
1695
+ It's usually associated with pregnancy,
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:36:08,610 --> 00:36:12,270
1699
+ autoimmunity, malignancy, multi-transfusion.
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:36:13,090 --> 00:36:18,570
1703
+ advanced age ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:36:18,570 --> 00:36:23,830
1707
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงุฑุฌูˆ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชูุฏุชู… ูˆุดูƒุฑุง
1708
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:04,940 --> 00:00:07,660
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,660 --> 00:00:10,500
7
+ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,500 --> 00:00:17,340
11
+ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฑู‚ู… 23 ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,340 --> 00:00:22,200
15
+ ู„ู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:27,900
19
+ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:27,900 --> 00:00:33,180
23
+ ุชูƒู…ู„ุฉ ู„ู€ section 8.3 ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† .. ู…ู†
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:33,180 --> 00:00:36,580
27
+ .. ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ chapterุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:36,580 --> 00:00:39,320
31
+ ุงู„ู€ sectionุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ exponential
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:44,670
35
+ function ูˆูƒูŠู ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุฎูˆุงุตู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:44,670 --> 00:00:47,910
39
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ section ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:47,910 --> 00:00:51,050
43
+ ุงู„ู€ logarithmic functionุŒ ุงู„ู€ logarithmic function
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:51,050 --> 00:00:55,290
47
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ูˆูƒูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,290 --> 00:01:00,410
51
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฎูˆุงุตู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ู†ุจู†ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:00,410 --> 00:01:05,820
55
+ ุจู†ูŠู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,820 --> 00:01:10,020
59
+ exponential function EุŒ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ exponential E
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:10,020 --> 00:01:12,780
63
+ is strictly increasing differentiable function
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:12,780 --> 00:01:18,160
67
+ with domain R and range ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:22,480
71
+ ู„ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ EุŒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ E ู…ู† R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:26,600
75
+ exponential ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ 0 ูˆ โˆžุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:26,600 --> 00:01:31,560
79
+ function ู‡ูŠ rangeู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ domainู‡ุง ูˆูƒุงู†ุช strictly
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:31,560 --> 00:01:35,700
83
+ increasingุŒ Strictly increasing ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:35,700 --> 00:01:40,020
87
+ ุนู† 1-1ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ููŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ function ู‡ุฐู‡ on
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:40,020 --> 00:01:43,940
91
+ to twoุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช differentiableุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:43,940 --> 00:01:46,840
95
+ ุงู„ู€ exponential ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุฑุณู…ุชู‡ุง ู„ูˆ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:46,840 --> 00:01:50,460
99
+ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฌุฑุจู†ุง ู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:50,460 --> 00:01:56,180
103
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ exponentialุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุขุฌูŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:56,180 --> 00:02:00,300
107
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ function ุงู„ู€ exponential
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:00,300 --> 00:02:05,980
111
+ ุฃุนุฑู ุงู„ู€ inverse ู„ู‡ุง ูˆุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ logarithmic
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:05,980 --> 00:02:10,860
115
+ function ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ logarithm ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:10,860 --> 00:02:16,020
119
+ ุงู„ู€ ln functionุŒ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู‡ ู„ุฅู† ุงูŠู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:16,020 --> 00:02:19,240
123
+ function one to one ูˆ one to oneุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู€
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:23,580
127
+ inverse ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง strictly increasingุŒ ุฅุฐุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:23,580 --> 00:02:29,560
131
+ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ L ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ zero ูˆ โˆž ู„ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ RุŒ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:29,560 --> 00:02:34,100
135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ function ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:34,100 --> 00:02:38,320
139
+ logarithmic functionุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฑุณู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:38,320 --> 00:02:42,460
143
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ inverse ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑูู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:42,460 --> 00:02:47,000
147
+ ูˆุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑ ุดุฑุนูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ exponential
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:50,930
151
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ inverseุŒ ุณุจู‘ุจูŽุชู’ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:50,930 --> 00:02:57,030
155
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ู„ู„ู€ E ู‡ูˆ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:57,030 --> 00:03:02,850
159
+ ุงู„ู€ Logarithm ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Natural Logarithm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ It
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:02,850 --> 00:03:07,870
163
+ will be denoted by L or by lnุŒ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠูˆุนู‹ุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:07,870 --> 00:03:11,810
167
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ lnุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ E ูˆ L ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:11,810 --> 00:03:17,110
171
+ ู„ุจุนุถุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ E composite L composite E of X
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:17,110 --> 00:03:22,920
175
+ ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ X ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ x ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ R ู„ุฃู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:26,540
179
+ ุงู„ู€ E ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ xุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ R ู„ุฃู†
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:26,540 --> 00:03:30,740
183
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง E composite L of YุŒ E composite L of YุŒ ุงู„ู€ L
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:30,740 --> 00:03:34,660
187
+ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ .. ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ positiveุŒ E
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:34,660 --> 00:03:38,240
191
+ composite L of Y ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ูƒู„ Y element in R ูˆ Y
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:44,900
195
+ ุฃุดู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† connotations .. connotations
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:44,900 --> 00:03:49,860
199
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ NุŒ ุงู„ู€ E of X ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ N ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ L ูˆุงู„ู€
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:49,860 --> 00:03:53,880
203
+ E ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ EุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ E to the N ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุณูˆุก ุงู„ู€ Y
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:57,780
207
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุณูˆุก ุงู„ู€ XุŒ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ inverse ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:01,010 --> 00:04:04,750
211
+ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ inverse ู„ู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู€ logarithm is a
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:04,750 --> 00:04:08,630
215
+ strictly increasing function L with domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:08,630 --> 00:04:12,150
219
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุฑูู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:12,150 --> 00:04:16,210
223
+ ุฃุตู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ derivative of L is given by L prime
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:16,210 --> 00:04:19,750
227
+ of X ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ 1/XุŒ for X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:19,750 --> 00:04:23,430
231
+ ุงู„ู€ logarithm satisfy the functional equationุŒ ุชุญู‚ู‚
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:23,430 --> 00:04:27,010
235
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of X ููŠ Y ุจุณุงูˆูŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:27,010 --> 00:04:31,000
239
+ L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of YุŒ for X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑุŒ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:34,560
243
+ ุตูุฑุŒ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:38,260
247
+ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:38,260 --> 00:04:40,560
251
+ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:40,580
255
+ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:40,580 --> 00:04:40,640
259
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:40,700
263
+ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:40,700 --> 00:04:41,020
267
+ ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:41,020 --> 00:04:47,140
271
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ Y ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ L of
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:47,140 --> 00:04:51,420
275
+ X<sup>R</sup> ุจุณุงูˆูŠ R ู„ู€ L of XุŒ ู„ุฃู† X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0ุŒ ูˆ R ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ูƒูŠูˆุŒ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:51,420 --> 00:04:54,840
279
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฎูˆุงุต ุฃู†ุชู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ุขู†
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:54,840 --> 00:04:58,440
283
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฑู‡ู†ู‡ู… ูˆู†ุซุจุช ุตุญุชู‡ู…ุŒ limit L of X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:58,440 --> 00:05:01,740
287
+ ู„ู€ 0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุณุงูˆูŠ -โˆžุŒ and limit L of X
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:01,740 --> 00:05:07,340
291
+ ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ โˆž ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ โˆžุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:07,340 --> 00:05:14,840
295
+ ู†ุญู† ู†ุดูˆู ู†ุจุฑู‡ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ L is
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:14,840 --> 00:05:17,560
299
+ strictly increasing with domain X element alone
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:17,560 --> 00:05:20,880
303
+ and range R follows from the fact that E is
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:20,880 --> 00:05:24,840
307
+ strictly increasing with domain R and range ุงู„ู„ูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:24,840 --> 00:05:33,320
311
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ L is strictly increasing
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:33,320 --> 00:05:37,560
315
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ E ู†ูุณู‡ุง strictly increasingุŒ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:37,560 --> 00:05:48,560
319
+ ุงู„ุขู† E composite LุŒ E composite L of Y ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ Y
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:55,320
323
+ ู„ูƒู„ YุŒ ูˆ Y ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู„ Y element in (0, โˆž)ุŒ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:55,320 --> 00:06:00,780
327
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ูุงุถู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:00,780 --> 00:06:06,360
331
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ E is ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ differentiableุŒ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:10,480
335
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ inverse ุฅู„ู‡ุง is differentiable by
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:10,480 --> 00:06:14,680
339
+ theorem 6.9 ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ chapter 6
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:14,680 --> 00:06:18,200
343
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ is differentiableุŒ ุงู„ู€
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:18,200 --> 00:06:20,880
347
+ inverse ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ is differentiable ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:27,480
351
+ ุงู„ุขู† E ูุงุถู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ E prime of L of Y
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:36,600
355
+ ููŠ L prime of Y ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ 1ุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุงุถุญ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:36,600 --> 00:06:41,900
359
+ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุญุงุตู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจ ุตุงุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ strictly ู…ู† 0
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:41,900 --> 00:06:47,920
363
+ ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ E is strictly increasingุŒ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง E' of
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:53,420
367
+ L of Y is strictly ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุจูŠุธู„ู‡ุง L' of Y is
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:53,420 --> 00:06:57,180
371
+ strictly ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ู„ูƒู„ Y ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู€ L is
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:57,180 --> 00:07:02,740
375
+ strictly increasingุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ domain ู…ุฏุงู… ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:02,740 --> 00:07:07,000
379
+ ุงู„ู€ inverse ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ EุŒ ุงู„ู€ domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ inverse ู‡ูˆ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:11,380
383
+ range ุงู„ู€ function ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ sub wave ููŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:11,380 --> 00:07:18,460
387
+ ุงู„ูุฑุนุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ L is strictly
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:18,460 --> 00:07:23,530
391
+ increasingุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆ rangeู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุตุงุฑ domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:23,530 --> 00:07:28,310
395
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆ range ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ domainู‡ุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:28,310 --> 00:07:32,990
399
+ domain ุงู„ู€ L ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ range ุงู„ู€ L ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:32,990 --> 00:07:37,330
403
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:37,330 --> 00:07:42,070
407
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:42,070 --> 00:07:48,430
411
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุชุŒ ุงูŠุด ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:48,430 --> 00:07:54,230
415
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ L prime of X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ู…
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:54,230 --> 00:07:59,330
419
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุซุจุชู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ู…
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:59,330 --> 00:08:12,240
423
+ L prime of X = 1/XุŒ
424
+
425
+
426
+ 107
427
+ 00:08:12,240 --> 00:08:19,680
428
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ L of XY = L X + L YุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Y
429
+
430
+ 108
431
+ 00:08:19,680 --> 00:08:25,780
432
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ L of 1 = 0ุŒ L of E = 1ุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ู…
433
+
434
+ 109
435
+ 00:08:25,780 --> 00:08:34,440
436
+ ุจุณูŠุทุงุชุŒ L prime L of X<sup>R</sup> = R L of XุŒ ูˆ Limit
437
+
438
+ 110
439
+ 00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:39,720
440
+ L of X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ 0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† = -โˆž ู„ู…ุง
441
+
442
+ 111
443
+ 00:08:39,720 --> 00:08:45,140
444
+ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆ Limit ู„ู€ L of X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
445
+
446
+ 112
447
+ 00:08:45,140 --> 00:08:48,520
448
+ = โˆžุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุฃู† ุฏูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุŒ ูู†ู‘ูˆุง
449
+
450
+ 113
451
+ 00:08:48,520 --> 00:08:53,640
452
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุดุบู„ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุซุจุชู‡ุง
453
+
454
+ 114
455
+ 00:08:55,730 --> 00:09:02,210
456
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ูุถู„ุช ู‡ุฐู‡
457
+
458
+ 115
459
+ 00:09:02,210 --> 00:09:07,290
460
+ ุชูุงุถู„ู‡ุงุŒ E composite L of X ู„ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ
461
+
462
+ 116
463
+ 00:09:07,290 --> 00:09:14,250
464
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠู† ุฃุนู…ู„ E composite L of X ุงู„ูƒู„
465
+
466
+ 117
467
+ 00:09:14,250 --> 00:09:19,370
468
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ = XุŒ ูุงุถู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ E prime
469
+
470
+ 118
471
+ 00:09:26,060 --> 00:09:29,100
472
+ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ X = ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ prime of X
473
+
474
+ 119
475
+ 00:09:34,780 --> 00:09:40,160
476
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 1 ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ E prime of L of XุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ E
477
+
478
+ 120
479
+ 00:09:40,160 --> 00:09:44,300
480
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠ prime of X = 1 ุนู„ู‰ E prime composite
481
+
482
+ 121
483
+ 00:09:44,300 --> 00:09:48,340
484
+ L of XุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ E prime ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ E ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง
485
+
486
+ 122
487
+ 00:09:48,340 --> 00:09:51,140
488
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 1 ุนู„ู‰ E composite L of XุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ E
489
+
490
+ 123
491
+ 00:09:51,140 --> 00:09:54,640
492
+ composite L of XุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ X
493
+
494
+ 124
495
+ 00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:57,660
496
+ ูุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ุนู„ู‰ XุŒ ูู€ L prime = 1/XุŒ
497
+
498
+ 125
499
+ 00:09:57,660 --> 00:10:02,910
500
+ ู„ูƒู„ X ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ (0, โˆž)ุŒ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุดูˆู
501
+
502
+ 126
503
+ 00:10:02,910 --> 00:10:06,710
504
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุซุจุช
505
+
506
+ 127
507
+ 00:10:06,710 --> 00:10:12,690
508
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ L of X ููŠ Y = L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of
509
+
510
+ 128
511
+ 00:10:12,690 --> 00:10:17,270
512
+ YุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุณู‡ู„ ูˆุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูˆุณู‡ู„ุŒ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
513
+
514
+ 129
515
+ 00:10:24,240 --> 00:10:27,240
516
+ X > 0, Y > 0, X > 0, Y
517
+
518
+ 130
519
+ 00:10:27,240 --> 00:10:27,740
520
+ > 0, X > 0, Y > 0, X
521
+
522
+ 131
523
+ 00:10:27,740 --> 00:10:27,900
524
+ > 0, X > 0, X > 0, X >
525
+
526
+ 132
527
+ 00:10:27,900 --> 00:10:28,100
528
+ 0, X > 0, X > 0, X >
529
+
530
+ 133
531
+ 00:10:28,100 --> 00:10:28,700
532
+ 0, X > 0, X > 0, X >
533
+
534
+ 134
535
+ 00:10:28,700 --> 00:10:28,920
536
+ 0, X > 0, X > 0, X >
537
+
538
+ 135
539
+ 00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:32,100
540
+ 0, X > 0, X > 0, X >
541
+
542
+ 136
543
+ 00:10:32,100 --> 00:10:43,400
544
+ 0, X > 0, X > 0, X
545
+
546
+ 137
547
+ 00:10:43,400 --> 00:10:51,850
548
+ > 0ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ E ูˆุงู„ู€ L ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ุจุนุถุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู†
549
+
550
+ 138
551
+ 00:10:51,850 --> 00:10:55,130
552
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ exponential ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุตู„ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€
553
+
554
+ 139
555
+ 00:10:55,130 --> 00:11:00,970
556
+ logarithmicุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุถุฑุจ ู„ู€ X ููŠ Y ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ X ููŠ Y
557
+
558
+ 140
559
+ 00:11:00,970 --> 00:11:05,190
560
+ = E of U ููŠ E of VุŒ E of U ููŠ E of V ุงูŠุด
561
+
562
+ 141
563
+ 00:11:05,190 --> 00:11:10,010
564
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ E of U ุฒุงุฆุฏ V ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
565
+
566
+ 142
567
+ 00:11:10,970 --> 00:11:15,270
568
+ ุฎุฐ ุงู„ู€ L ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ inverse ู„ุจุนุถ
569
+
570
+ 143
571
+ 00:11:15,270 --> 00:11:20,450
572
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ L of X ููŠ Y ุจุณุงูˆูŠ L of E of U ุฒุงุฆุฏ V
573
+
574
+ 144
575
+ 00:11:20,450 --> 00:11:24,410
576
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ U ุฒุงุฆุฏ VุŒ U ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† L
577
+
578
+ 145
579
+ 00:11:24,410 --> 00:11:30,750
580
+ of X ูˆ V ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† L of YุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุซุจุชุช L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ Y
581
+
582
+ 146
583
+ 00:11:30,750 --> 00:11:39,370
584
+ ููŠ Y ุจุณุงูˆูŠ L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of YุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ E
585
+
586
+ 147
587
+ 00:11:39,370 --> 00:11:47,050
588
+ of Zero ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฎุฐ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ L ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ L of
589
+
590
+ 148
591
+ 00:11:47,050 --> 00:11:53,010
592
+ E of Zero ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ L of ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงู„ L of E of Zero ู‡ุฐูŠูƒ
593
+
594
+ 149
595
+ 00:11:53,010 --> 00:11:59,450
596
+ inverse ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ZeroุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู€ L of E of
597
+
598
+ 150
599
+ 00:11:59,450 --> 00:12:07,270
600
+ 1 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ L of EุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ู€ L of E of 1 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1ุŒ
601
+
602
+ 151
603
+ 00:12:07,270 --> 00:12:12,230
604
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ L of E ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1ุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง L of E ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1
605
+
606
+ 152
607
+ 00:12:12,230 --> 00:12:19,730
608
+ ูˆ L of 1 ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒู„ุงู… ุณู‡ู„ุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
609
+
610
+ 153
611
+ 00:12:19,730 --> 00:12:23,710
612
+ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
613
+
614
+ 154
615
+ 00:12:27,210 --> 00:12:32,730
616
+ ู†ุฃุชูŠ ู†ุซุจุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of X to the R ุจุณุงูˆูŠ
617
+
618
+ 155
619
+ 00:12:32,730 --> 00:12:37,010
620
+ ZeroุŒ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ R ููŠ L of XุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ุซุจุชู‡ุง By
621
+
622
+ 156
623
+ 00:12:37,010 --> 00:12:41,910
624
+ Mathematical InductionุŒ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
625
+
626
+ 157
627
+ 00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:47,330
628
+ ุงู„ section ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ exponential
629
+
630
+ 158
631
+ 00:12:47,330 --> 00:12:52,830
632
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู…ุนุงุฏุฉ
633
+
634
+ 159
635
+ 00:13:07,050 --> 00:13:11,430
636
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุญุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุนุงุฏุฉ ูุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู†ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
637
+
638
+ 160
639
+ 00:13:11,430 --> 00:13:17,730
640
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ we show by induction L of X ุจุณุงูˆูŠ L of X ุฒูŠ
641
+
642
+ 161
643
+ 00:13:17,730 --> 00:13:21,850
644
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุซุจุชู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ L of
645
+
646
+ 162
647
+ 00:13:21,850 --> 00:13:27,190
648
+ XุŒ ู…ุง ุฃุนุฑูุด ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃูุตู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูุตู„ ู„ูˆ
649
+
650
+ 163
651
+ 00:13:27,190 --> 00:13:32,790
652
+ ุฅู†ุชูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฅุชูู‘ู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูุตู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŒ L of X ููŠ Y
653
+
654
+ 164
655
+ 00:13:32,790 --> 00:13:39,580
656
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ L of X ููŠ L of YุŒ of x was n ุจุณุงูˆูŠ n ููŠ L of x
657
+
658
+ 165
659
+ 00:13:39,580 --> 00:13:44,060
660
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ for n ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ a trivialุŒ ู†ูุชุฑุถ
661
+
662
+ 166
663
+ 00:13:44,060 --> 00:13:48,180
664
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู€ L ู„ู€ n ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ k ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ L of x was k
665
+
666
+ 167
667
+ 00:13:48,180 --> 00:13:53,080
668
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ k L of xุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุณุจ ู„ู€ L of x was k ุฒุงุฆุฏ
669
+
670
+ 168
671
+ 00:13:53,080 --> 00:13:59,480
672
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ L of x was k ููŠ xุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ L ู„ู‡ุง
673
+
674
+ 169
675
+ 00:13:59,480 --> 00:14:04,760
676
+ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ L ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ X plus K ููŠ
677
+
678
+ 170
679
+ 00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:09,860
680
+ L ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ L of X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ K ุฏู‡
681
+
682
+ 171
683
+ 00:14:09,860 --> 00:14:19,600
684
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ K ููŠ L of XุŒ ุขุณู ุฒุงุฆุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ K L of X ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
685
+
686
+ 172
687
+ 00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:26,400
688
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู€ K ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of X ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ K ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ L of
689
+
690
+ 173
691
+ 00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:31,520
692
+ XุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L ู„ู€ K ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฅุฐุง
693
+
694
+ 174
695
+ 00:14:31,520 --> 00:14:36,760
696
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู„ N element in N ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
697
+
698
+ 175
699
+ 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:43,080
700
+ ุงู„ induction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฃู† L
701
+
702
+ 176
703
+ 00:14:43,080 --> 00:14:49,710
704
+ of X ู‡ูˆ N ู„ู€ L of X ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ by VI ุงู„ู„ูŠ
705
+
706
+ 177
707
+ 00:14:49,710 --> 00:14:53,530
708
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ .. ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุทุŒ ููŠ ุญุฏ
709
+
710
+ 178
711
+ 00:14:53,530 --> 00:14:58,890
712
+ ุงู„ exponential ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูˆุดูƒู„ุฉ ู†ุนุงูˆุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุดูˆู L
713
+
714
+ 179
715
+ 00:14:58,890 --> 00:15:03,680
716
+ of XM minus M ุฃูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ L of ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
717
+
718
+ 180
719
+ 00:15:03,680 --> 00:15:05,860
720
+ X ู‡ูˆ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ L of ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
721
+
722
+ 181
723
+ 00:15:05,860 --> 00:15:11,040
724
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุตูุฑ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ L of XM ููŠ XM minus ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงู„
725
+
726
+ 182
727
+ 00:15:11,040 --> 00:15:16,300
728
+ logarithmic ุจุทู„ุน ุฅู† ุชุฌู…ุน L of XM ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of X minus M
729
+
730
+ 183
731
+ 00:15:16,300 --> 00:15:21,920
732
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† M L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of X
733
+
734
+ 184
735
+ 00:15:21,920 --> 00:15:27,500
736
+ minus MุŒ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† M ููŠ L of X ุฒุงุฆุฏ L of X
737
+
738
+ 185
739
+ 00:15:27,500 --> 00:15:32,040
740
+ minus M ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑุŒ ุงู†ู‚ู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุน
741
+
742
+ 186
743
+ 00:15:32,040 --> 00:15:35,760
744
+ L of X minus M ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุนุฏุช ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต M ููŠ L
745
+
746
+ 187
747
+ 00:15:35,760 --> 00:15:41,720
748
+ of XุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูƒู„ M ุณูˆุงุก ู…ูˆุฌ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ
749
+
750
+ 188
751
+ 00:15:41,720 --> 00:15:48,940
752
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of X ู†ุงู‚ุต M ุจุณุงูˆูŠ M ููŠ L of X
753
+
754
+ 189
755
+ 00:15:48,940 --> 00:15:53,860
756
+ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุงู„ุจุฉุŒ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ
757
+
758
+ 190
759
+ 00:15:53,860 --> 00:15:57,360
760
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ RุŒ ู„ุฃู† therefore for any M
761
+
762
+ 191
763
+ 00:15:57,360 --> 00:16:02,800
764
+ element in Z ูˆ N element in NุŒ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุญุณุจ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† L of
765
+
766
+ 192
767
+ 00:16:02,800 --> 00:16:07,020
768
+ X ุฃุณ M ุนู„ู‰ NุŒ ุจุณ ุถุฑุจ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ N ุจุนุฏ ุฅุฐู†ูƒุŒ Y ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
769
+
770
+ 193
771
+ 00:16:07,020 --> 00:16:12,460
772
+ ู‡ูŠ L of X ุฃุณ M ุนู„ู‰ N ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุฃุณ N ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
773
+
774
+ 194
775
+ 00:16:12,460 --> 00:16:18,080
776
+ ู„ู„ N ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ N ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
777
+
778
+ 195
779
+ 00:16:18,080 --> 00:16:21,520
780
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ X ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ N ุจุชุทู„ุน
781
+
782
+ 196
783
+ 00:16:21,520 --> 00:16:27,410
784
+ ุจุฑุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ L of X plus M L of
785
+
786
+ 197
787
+ 00:16:27,410 --> 00:16:30,870
788
+ X plus M ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ M L of X
789
+
790
+ 198
791
+ 00:16:30,870 --> 00:16:34,270
792
+ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช M positive ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ negative ุตุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
793
+
794
+ 199
795
+ 00:16:34,270 --> 00:16:40,930
796
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ู‚ู„ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ L
797
+
798
+ 200
799
+ 00:16:40,930 --> 00:16:44,910
800
+ of X of M ุนู„ู‰ N ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ M ุนู„ู‰ N ููŠ L of XุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ
801
+
802
+ 201
803
+ 00:16:44,910 --> 00:16:49,490
804
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ุฃูŠ rational numberุŒ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ L of X R ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ R
805
+
806
+ 202
807
+ 00:16:49,490 --> 00:16:55,670
808
+ L of X ู„ูƒู„ R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ NQุŒ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู€ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
809
+
810
+ 203
811
+ 00:16:55,670 --> 00:16:57,230
812
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ
813
+
814
+ 204
815
+ 00:17:08,180 --> 00:17:11,120
816
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
817
+
818
+ 205
819
+ 00:17:11,120 --> 00:17:15,260
820
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ limit ุชุจุน ุงู„ exponential ุนู†ุฏ 2 ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E
821
+
822
+ 206
823
+ 00:17:15,260 --> 00:17:19,380
824
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงู„ E n ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 2 ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
825
+
826
+ 207
827
+ 00:17:19,380 --> 00:17:19,920
828
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
829
+
830
+ 208
831
+ 00:17:19,920 --> 00:17:21,140
832
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
833
+
834
+ 209
835
+ 00:17:21,140 --> 00:17:22,840
836
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
837
+
838
+ 210
839
+ 00:17:22,840 --> 00:17:23,240
840
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
841
+
842
+ 211
843
+ 00:17:23,240 --> 00:17:26,700
844
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
845
+
846
+ 212
847
+ 00:17:26,700 --> 00:17:30,620
848
+ ู…ู† E ุฃุตุบุฑ
849
+
850
+ 213
851
+ 00:17:33,960 --> 00:17:39,580
852
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ L of E N ุจุณุงูˆูŠ N ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of E
853
+
854
+ 214
855
+ 00:17:39,580 --> 00:17:44,020
856
+ minus N ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต NุŒ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฐุงูƒุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุŒ ุฅุฐุง for
857
+
858
+ 215
859
+ 00:17:44,020 --> 00:17:47,480
860
+ every N element in R there exists X element in R
861
+
862
+ 216
863
+ 00:17:47,480 --> 00:17:52,670
864
+ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† NุŒ ู„ูƒู„ N element in N ููŠ X
865
+
866
+ 217
867
+ 00:17:52,670 --> 00:17:56,350
868
+ element in RุŒ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† E N ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฎุฐุช
869
+
870
+ 218
871
+ 00:17:56,350 --> 00:18:00,590
872
+ N ุจูŠู† ุฅูŠุฏูŠุง ุญุณุจุช ุงู„ E N ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฎุฐุช ุงู„ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ
873
+
874
+ 219
875
+ 00:18:00,590 --> 00:18:03,310
876
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูƒูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ unbounded real numbers
877
+
878
+ 220
879
+ 00:18:03,310 --> 00:18:06,710
880
+ then L ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† L ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ L
881
+
882
+ 221
883
+ 00:18:06,710 --> 00:18:10,810
884
+ strictly increasingุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ L ููŠ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู†
885
+
886
+ 222
887
+ 00:18:10,810 --> 00:18:16,130
888
+ ุงู„ N ุฃู„ู E NุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู„ุฃู† limit ู‡ุฐู‡ as
889
+
890
+ 223
891
+ 00:18:16,130 --> 00:18:21,210
892
+ x goes to infinity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
893
+
894
+ 224
895
+ 00:18:21,210 --> 00:18:23,950
896
+ ู‡ูŠ limit ู‡ุฐู‡ as n goes to infinity ูˆูŠุณุงูˆูŠ infinity
897
+
898
+ 225
899
+ 00:18:23,950 --> 00:18:27,550
900
+ ู„ุฃู† ู„ูƒู„ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
901
+
902
+ 226
903
+ 00:18:27,550 --> 00:18:31,270
904
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง
905
+
906
+ 227
907
+ 00:18:31,270 --> 00:18:34,970
908
+ ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ limit L of X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ุง
909
+
910
+ 228
911
+ 00:18:34,970 --> 00:18:41,040
912
+ ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ similarly ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูƒู„ ู†ุงู‚ุต any
913
+
914
+ 229
915
+ 00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:43,100
916
+ element in z positive ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ x element in r
917
+
918
+ 230
919
+ 00:18:43,100 --> 00:18:45,740
920
+ positive ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู† x ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ
921
+
922
+ 231
923
+ 00:18:45,740 --> 00:18:46,340
924
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
925
+
926
+ 232
927
+ 00:18:46,340 --> 00:18:47,840
928
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ
929
+
930
+ 233
931
+ 00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:51,500
932
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
933
+
934
+ 234
935
+ 00:18:51,500 --> 00:18:57,960
936
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆ
937
+
938
+ 235
939
+ 00:18:57,960 --> 00:19:02,520
940
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†
941
+
942
+ 236
943
+ 00:19:02,520 --> 00:19:09,620
944
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุฃุทูŠุจุŒ then L of X
945
+
946
+ 237
947
+ 00:19:09,620 --> 00:19:13,660
948
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ E to the minus NุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ L of X
949
+
950
+ 238
951
+ 00:19:13,660 --> 00:19:17,800
952
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต NุŒ ุฅุฐุง as N goes to
953
+
954
+ 239
955
+ 00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:22,700
956
+ infinityุŒ as N goes to infinity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ E to the
957
+
958
+ 240
959
+ 00:19:22,700 --> 00:19:26,540
960
+ minus N ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ 0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ 0 ู…ู†
961
+
962
+ 241
963
+ 00:19:26,540 --> 00:19:30,820
964
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ X ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ 0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
965
+
966
+ 242
967
+ 00:19:30,820 --> 00:19:34,580
968
+ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ limit L of X ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† limit E to the
969
+
970
+ 243
971
+ 00:19:34,580 --> 00:19:37,900
972
+ minus N ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ
973
+
974
+ 244
975
+ 00:19:37,900 --> 00:19:41,680
976
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ N ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€
977
+
978
+ 245
979
+ 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:44,760
980
+ InfinityุŒ ุฅุฐุง limit L of X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
981
+
982
+ 246
983
+ 00:19:44,760 --> 00:19:50,920
984
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ Infinity ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุŒ hence limit L of
985
+
986
+ 247
987
+ 00:19:50,920 --> 00:19:54,460
988
+ X ู„ู…ุง X ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู€ 0 ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ Infinity
989
+
990
+ 248
991
+ 00:19:54,460 --> 00:19:58,500
992
+ ุทูŠุจ
993
+
994
+ 249
995
+ 00:20:12,260 --> 00:20:16,320
996
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุณุงุฑู‘ุนู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ bar
997
+
998
+ 250
999
+ 00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:20,080
1000
+ functionsุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ bar functions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุงุก
1001
+
1002
+ 251
1003
+ 00:20:20,080 --> 00:20:25,060
1004
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ bar functions
1005
+
1006
+ 252
1007
+ 00:20:25,060 --> 00:20:28,880
1008
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ exercises ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูƒู†
1009
+
1010
+ 253
1011
+ 00:20:28,880 --> 00:20:32,520
1012
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠูุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1013
+
1014
+ 254
1015
+ 00:20:32,520 --> 00:20:35,900
1016
+ ู…ุนุงูƒู… exercises ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1017
+
1018
+ 255
1019
+ 00:20:35,900 --> 00:20:40,720
1020
+ ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฐู‡ ฮฑ ูŠู„ูŠู…ู†ุชุงู† R ูˆ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0ุŒ The
1021
+
1022
+ 256
1023
+ 00:20:40,720 --> 00:20:43,320
1024
+ number X to the Alpha is defined to be .. ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏูŠ
1025
+
1026
+ 257
1027
+ 00:20:43,320 --> 00:20:46,940
1028
+ ุฃุนุฑู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง X to the AlphaุŒ X to the Alpha ุจุฏูŠ
1029
+
1030
+ 258
1031
+ 00:20:46,940 --> 00:20:49,900
1032
+ ุฃุนุฑูู‡ุง .. ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑูู‡ุงุŸ ุจุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ู…ุนุฑู ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู†
1033
+
1034
+ 259
1035
+ 00:20:49,900 --> 00:20:54,440
1036
+ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุงู„ exponential ู…ุนุฑูุฉ .. ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ ln
1037
+
1038
+ 260
1039
+ 00:20:54,440 --> 00:20:59,000
1040
+ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ .. ุฅุฐุง E to the Alpha ููŠ ln ุงู„ XุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ
1041
+
1042
+ 261
1043
+ 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:03,820
1044
+ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุฑู ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุฑู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ X to the Min to the
1045
+
1046
+ 262
1047
+ 00:21:03,820 --> 00:21:07,400
1048
+ Alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Min E to the
1049
+
1050
+ 263
1051
+ 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:12,040
1052
+ Alpha L of XุŒ L of X ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ E ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1053
+
1054
+ 264
1055
+ 00:21:12,040 --> 00:21:16,000
1056
+ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง X to the main to the alphaุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑุช
1057
+
1058
+ 265
1059
+ 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,540
1060
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ X under this function ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1061
+
1062
+ 266
1063
+ 00:21:19,540 --> 00:21:23,120
1064
+ ุนุฑูุชู‡ุง ู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ function ุงู„ู€
1065
+
1066
+ 267
1067
+ 00:21:23,120 --> 00:21:28,240
1068
+ R of X ุฅูŠุด ุนุฑูุชู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ X to the alphaุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1069
+
1070
+ 268
1071
+ 00:21:28,240 --> 00:21:31,680
1072
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ X ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูŠุดู…ู„ X to the Alpha ูˆ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0
1073
+
1074
+ 269
1075
+ 00:21:31,680 --> 00:21:36,780
1076
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ X to the Alpha ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ power
1077
+
1078
+ 270
1079
+ 00:21:36,780 --> 00:21:42,000
1080
+ functionุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง power function with exponent
1081
+
1082
+ 271
1083
+ 00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:47,540
1084
+ mean Alpha ูˆุงู„ X ู‡ูŠ ุฃุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1085
+
1086
+ 272
1087
+ 00:21:47,540 --> 00:21:54,340
1088
+ 0ุŒ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุดูˆู ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1089
+
1090
+ 273
1091
+ 00:21:54,340 --> 00:21:56,460
1092
+ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉุŒ ุทูŠุจ
1093
+
1094
+ 274
1095
+ 00:22:04,730 --> 00:22:08,690
1096
+ ุงู„ุขู† if x ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 and alpha ุจุณุงูˆูŠ m ุนู„ู‰ n where
1097
+
1098
+ 275
1099
+ 00:22:08,690 --> 00:22:12,770
1100
+ m element in z ูˆ n element in n then we define x
1101
+
1102
+ 276
1103
+ 00:22:12,770 --> 00:22:17,790
1104
+ to the alpha ุจุณุงูˆูŠ x to the m ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ n in
1105
+
1106
+ 277
1107
+ 00:22:17,790 --> 00:22:23,110
1108
+ section mean ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุชุฉ ู‡ุชุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุฒู…ุงู† ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
1109
+
1110
+ 278
1111
+ 00:22:23,110 --> 00:22:26,570
1112
+ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ rational number ุนุฑูู†ุง x to the m ุนู„ู‰
1113
+
1114
+ 279
1115
+ 00:22:26,570 --> 00:22:30,630
1116
+ n ุจุณุงูˆูŠ x to the m ู„ูƒู„ ุฃุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ nุŒ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„
1117
+
1118
+ 280
1119
+ 00:22:30,630 --> 00:22:34,510
1120
+ ..ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ู„ุชุนุฑูŠูู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
1121
+
1122
+ 281
1123
+ 00:22:34,510 --> 00:22:41,670
1124
+ ูˆู„ุฃ hence we have ู„ู† ุงู„ X to the Alpha ู„ู† ุงู„ X
1125
+
1126
+ 282
1127
+ 00:22:41,670 --> 00:22:45,370
1128
+ to the Alpha ู„ู† ุงู„ X to the Alpha ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Alpha ู„ู†
1129
+
1130
+ 283
1131
+ 00:22:45,370 --> 00:22:51,540
1132
+ ุงู„ X ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูŠุจ where X to the Alpha ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ E
1133
+
1134
+ 284
1135
+ 00:22:51,540 --> 00:22:56,260
1136
+ to the Ln X to the Min to the Alpha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1137
+
1138
+ 285
1139
+ 00:22:56,260 --> 00:23:01,020
1140
+ E to the Alpha ููŠ Min ููŠ Ln ุงู„ X ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„
1141
+
1142
+ 286
1143
+ 00:23:01,020 --> 00:23:05,740
1144
+ X to the Alpha ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† E
1145
+
1146
+ 287
1147
+ 00:23:05,740 --> 00:23:10,570
1148
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ to the Ln X to the Alpha ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุณุชุจุฏู„ุช ุงู„ู€ x
1149
+
1150
+ 288
1151
+ 00:23:10,570 --> 00:23:15,090
1152
+ to the alpha ุจู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1153
+
1154
+ 289
1155
+ 00:23:15,090 --> 00:23:18,630
1156
+ Alpha Ln x ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ E to the Ln x to the
1157
+
1158
+ 290
1159
+ 00:23:18,630 --> 00:23:24,510
1160
+ Min to the Alpha ุฅุฐุง ุณูˆุงุก ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1161
+
1162
+ 291
1163
+ 00:23:24,510 --> 00:23:28,190
1164
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ Exponent ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ ุงู„ Function ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1165
+
1166
+ 292
1167
+ 00:23:28,190 --> 00:23:33,110
1168
+ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุชูŠู† ู†ูุณ
1169
+
1170
+ 293
1171
+ 00:23:33,110 --> 00:23:34,790
1172
+ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1173
+
1174
+ 294
1175
+ 00:23:37,160 --> 00:23:42,300
1176
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ Exponential
1177
+
1178
+ 295
1179
+ 00:23:42,300 --> 00:23:47,180
1180
+ ุงู„ Power Function ูˆ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ู‡ู†ุชุฑูƒู‡ ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
1181
+
1182
+ 296
1183
+ 00:23:47,180 --> 00:23:54,600
1184
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุชุจุนู†ุง ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
1185
+
1186
+ 297
1187
+ 00:23:54,600 --> 00:24:01,100
1188
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1189
+
1190
+ 298
1191
+ 00:24:01,100 --> 00:24:05,760
1192
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 8 3 11 ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช Alpha
1193
+
1194
+ 299
1195
+ 00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:11,340
1196
+ element in R ูˆ X ูˆ Y ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู„ูุชุฑุฉ Zero ูˆ
1197
+
1198
+ 300
1199
+ 00:24:11,340 --> 00:24:16,500
1200
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ Zero ูˆ ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุขุณู then ู…ุนู„ุด ุนุดุงู† ุฏู‡ ุทู„ุนุช
1201
+
1202
+ 301
1203
+ 00:24:16,500 --> 00:24:20,450
1204
+ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ู‚ุนุฏ ู†ู‚ู„ู ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุฃู†ุง If ฮฑ element in R ูˆ X
1205
+
1206
+ 302
1207
+ 00:24:20,450 --> 00:24:26,350
1208
+ Y belongs to 0 ฮฑ then 1 to the ฮฑ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ูˆ X to the
1209
+
1210
+ 303
1211
+ 00:24:26,350 --> 00:24:30,270
1212
+ ฮฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูˆ X Y to the ฮฑ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ X to the ฮฑ ูˆ Y to
1213
+
1214
+ 304
1215
+ 00:24:30,270 --> 00:24:35,590
1216
+ the ฮฑ ูˆ X ุนู„ู‰ Y to the ฮฑ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ X to the ฮฑ ุนู„ู‰ Y to
1217
+
1218
+ 305
1219
+ 00:24:35,590 --> 00:24:39,370
1220
+ the ฮฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1221
+
1222
+ 306
1223
+ 00:24:39,370 --> 00:24:45,100
1224
+ ุชุนุฑูŠูู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ X to the ฮฑ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ E of ฮฑ Ln X ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1225
+
1226
+ 307
1227
+ 00:24:45,100 --> 00:24:49,800
1228
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชุนุฑูŠููƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡
1229
+
1230
+ 308
1231
+ 00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:53,480
1232
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุดุชุบู„ ูˆ ุชุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1233
+
1234
+ 309
1235
+ 00:24:53,480 --> 00:24:57,680
1236
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุฑูŠูู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ X
1237
+
1238
+ 310
1239
+ 00:24:58,570 --> 00:25:05,210
1240
+ to the alpha ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ E of alpha Len ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ L of X
1241
+
1242
+ 311
1243
+ 00:25:05,210 --> 00:25:10,650
1244
+ ุฃูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ Notation ุชุจุนุชู†ุง E to the alpha Len ุงู„ X
1245
+
1246
+ 312
1247
+ 00:25:10,650 --> 00:25:15,710
1248
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1249
+
1250
+ 313
1251
+ 00:25:15,710 --> 00:25:23,290
1252
+ ู‡ูˆ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชุจุฑู‡ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1253
+
1254
+ 314
1255
+ 00:25:23,290 --> 00:25:27,630
1256
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1257
+
1258
+ 315
1259
+ 00:25:27,630 --> 00:25:32,090
1260
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุฑุถู‡
1261
+
1262
+ 316
1263
+ 00:25:32,090 --> 00:25:35,670
1264
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช Alpha ูˆ Beta element ุฑ ูˆ X ููŠ
1265
+
1266
+ 317
1267
+ 00:25:35,670 --> 00:25:40,640
1268
+ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ Zero ูˆู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง X to the Alpha ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุจูŠุชุง
1269
+
1270
+ 318
1271
+ 00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:44,040
1272
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ
1273
+
1274
+ 319
1275
+ 00:25:44,040 --> 00:25:48,320
1276
+ ุชูุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1277
+
1278
+ 320
1279
+ 00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:52,360
1280
+ ุจูˆุงุณุทุชู‡ุง ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู‡ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ X Exponential ูˆ ุงู„
1281
+
1282
+ 321
1283
+ 00:25:52,360 --> 00:25:55,420
1284
+ ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงู„ูƒ ุจุชุตู„ X to the Alpha
1285
+
1286
+ 322
1287
+ 00:25:55,420 --> 00:25:58,310
1288
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ X to the Alpha ููŠ X to the ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ู†ูุณ
1289
+
1290
+ 323
1291
+ 00:25:58,310 --> 00:26:05,170
1292
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก Xยฒฮฑยฒฮฒ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ X ฮฑ beta ูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Xยฒฮฒยฒฮฑ ูˆ ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ
1293
+
1294
+ 324
1295
+ 00:26:05,170 --> 00:26:08,830
1296
+ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง Xยฒ-ฮฑ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1
1297
+
1298
+ 325
1299
+ 00:26:08,830 --> 00:26:12,270
1300
+ ุนู„ู‰ Xยฒฮฑ ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช alpha ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† beta
1301
+
1302
+ 326
1303
+ 00:26:12,270 --> 00:26:17,770
1304
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† Xยฒฮฑ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† Xยฒฮฒ ู„ู…ุง ุงู† X ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 1 ูˆ
1305
+
1306
+ 327
1307
+ 00:26:17,770 --> 00:26:22,130
1308
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† X Resources ู…ุนุงูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
1309
+
1310
+ 328
1311
+ 00:26:22,130 --> 00:26:31,830
1312
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน let
1313
+
1314
+ 329
1315
+ 00:26:31,830 --> 00:26:35,010
1316
+ alpha element in R then the function X ุจุงู„ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู€
1317
+
1318
+ 330
1319
+ 00:26:35,010 --> 00:26:37,670
1320
+ X alpha ู…ู† 0 ูˆ 1 to R is continuous and
1321
+
1322
+ 331
1323
+ 00:26:37,670 --> 00:26:41,210
1324
+ differentiable and ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Derivative ู„ู„ X to
1325
+
1326
+ 332
1327
+ 00:26:41,210 --> 00:26:43,630
1328
+ the alpha ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ alpha to the X to the alpha minus 1
1329
+
1330
+ 333
1331
+ 00:26:43,630 --> 00:26:47,650
1332
+ for X element in 0 ูˆ 1 ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ู‡ูŠ Composition
1333
+
1334
+ 334
1335
+ 00:26:47,650 --> 00:26:54,490
1336
+ of two ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Function ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Continuous ู‡ุฐุง
1337
+
1338
+ 335
1339
+ 00:26:54,490 --> 00:26:57,650
1340
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ E ูƒู…ุงู† Continuous ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน
1341
+
1342
+ 336
1343
+ 00:26:57,650 --> 00:26:59,850
1344
+ ู‡ุฐุง Continuous ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง Continuous ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„
1345
+
1346
+ 337
1347
+ 00:26:59,850 --> 00:27:02,870
1348
+ Differentiability ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Function
1349
+
1350
+ 338
1351
+ 00:27:02,870 --> 00:27:05,890
1352
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง X to the X to the Alpha ุญุณุจ ุชุนุฑูŠูู†ุง is
1353
+
1354
+ 339
1355
+ 00:27:05,890 --> 00:27:09,410
1356
+ Continuous and Differentiable ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1357
+
1358
+ 340
1359
+ 00:27:09,410 --> 00:27:13,710
1360
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ Derivative ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุงุถู„ ุฏูŠ ุงุชูุงุถู„ DX
1361
+
1362
+ 341
1363
+ 00:27:13,710 --> 00:27:17,050
1364
+ Alpha ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุชูุงุถู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒูŠู ุชุชูุงุถู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
1365
+
1366
+ 342
1367
+ 00:27:17,050 --> 00:27:20,860
1368
+ Exponential ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ E to the Alpha Ln ุงู„ X ููŠ
1369
+
1370
+ 343
1371
+ 00:27:20,860 --> 00:27:25,580
1372
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Alpha ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰
1373
+
1374
+ 344
1375
+ 00:27:25,580 --> 00:27:30,120
1376
+ X ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1377
+
1378
+ 345
1379
+ 00:27:30,120 --> 00:27:35,260
1380
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† E to the Alpha Ln ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1381
+
1382
+ 346
1383
+ 00:27:35,260 --> 00:27:38,480
1384
+ ุงู„ X to the Alpha ู†ูุณู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1385
+
1386
+ 347
1387
+ 00:27:38,480 --> 00:27:43,080
1388
+ Alpha ุนู„ู‰ X ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Alpha ุฃุณ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุทู„ุน
1389
+
1390
+ 348
1391
+ 00:27:43,080 --> 00:27:46,680
1392
+ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ Alpha ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ for X element in zero
1393
+
1394
+ 349
1395
+ 00:27:46,680 --> 00:27:53,250
1396
+ ูˆ ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1397
+
1398
+ 350
1399
+ 00:27:53,250 --> 00:28:01,010
1400
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุฐุง
1401
+
1402
+ 351
1403
+ 00:28:01,010 --> 00:28:07,610
1404
+ ูƒุงู†ุช Alpha ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูุจุตูŠุฑ
1405
+
1406
+ 352
1407
+ 00:28:07,610 --> 00:28:11,970
1408
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Function ู…ู† X and X alpha is
1409
+
1410
+ 353
1411
+ 00:28:11,970 --> 00:28:15,930
1412
+ strictly increasing ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุฉ 0 ูˆ ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1413
+
1414
+ 354
1415
+ 00:28:15,930 --> 00:28:19,890
1416
+ ู„ู…ุง Alpha ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
1417
+
1418
+ 355
1419
+ 00:28:19,890 --> 00:28:24,120
1420
+ ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ูˆุฌุจูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู„ู ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1421
+
1422
+ 356
1423
+ 00:28:24,120 --> 00:28:27,180
1424
+ ุตูุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Derivative ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
1425
+
1426
+ 357
1427
+ 00:28:27,180 --> 00:28:31,160
1428
+ ุตูุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ Strictly Increasing ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
1429
+
1430
+ 358
1431
+ 00:28:31,160 --> 00:28:34,520
1432
+ ุฃู„ู ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ Strictly
1433
+
1434
+ 359
1435
+ 00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:38,420
1436
+ Decreasing ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฏู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ
1437
+
1438
+ 360
1439
+ 00:28:38,420 --> 00:28:42,180
1440
+ ุจุชุธู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช Strictly Decreasing
1441
+
1442
+ 361
1443
+ 00:28:42,180 --> 00:28:45,360
1444
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃู„ู ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ Derivative ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
1445
+
1446
+ 362
1447
+ 00:28:45,360 --> 00:28:48,880
1448
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Constant Function ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1449
+
1450
+ 363
1451
+ 00:28:48,880 --> 00:28:51,300
1452
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู„ู ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ
1453
+
1454
+ 364
1455
+ 00:28:53,910 --> 00:29:02,970
1456
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
1457
+
1458
+ 365
1459
+ 00:29:02,970 --> 00:29:09,190
1460
+ ู„ุขุฎุฑ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Log Function ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ
1461
+
1462
+ 366
1463
+ 00:29:09,190 --> 00:29:13,090
1464
+ a ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ Ln ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ e ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
1465
+
1466
+ 367
1467
+ 00:29:13,090 --> 00:29:16,530
1468
+ ุขุฎุฑ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏู‡ ุงุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุงุช
1469
+
1470
+ 368
1471
+ 00:29:16,530 --> 00:29:19,930
1472
+ ู‡ุฏุง ูƒุตู…ู†ุง ุงู„ Ln ูˆ ุงู„ Exponential ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู
1473
+
1474
+ 369
1475
+ 00:29:19,930 --> 00:29:25,920
1476
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ Log ุงู„ุบุงุฑูŠุซู… ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ A ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† A
1477
+
1478
+ 370
1479
+ 00:29:25,920 --> 00:29:28,860
1480
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูˆ A ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ 1 it is sometimes useful to
1481
+
1482
+ 371
1483
+ 00:29:28,860 --> 00:29:34,820
1484
+ define the function Log ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ A ูƒู…ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† Log A
1485
+
1486
+ 372
1487
+ 00:29:34,820 --> 00:29:39,560
1488
+ of X ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Ln ุงู„ X ุนู„ู‰ Ln ุงู„ A ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ A
1489
+
1490
+ 373
1491
+ 00:29:39,560 --> 00:29:43,940
1492
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุซุงุจุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Log
1493
+
1494
+ 374
1495
+ 00:29:43,940 --> 00:29:49,540
1496
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ Exponential ุจุณ ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุซุงุจุช ุงู„ุขู†
1497
+
1498
+ 375
1499
+ 00:29:49,540 --> 00:29:52,920
1500
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Exponential ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุฑู ุงู„ุขู†
1501
+
1502
+ 376
1503
+ 00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:59,140
1504
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Log ุฃูˆ ุงู„ Logarithm
1505
+
1506
+ 377
1507
+ 00:29:59,140 --> 00:30:04,620
1508
+ ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ A ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ E ู‡ุฐุง ุจุตูŠุฑ Ln ุงู„ E ูˆุงุญุฏ
1509
+
1510
+ 378
1511
+ 00:30:04,620 --> 00:30:09,320
1512
+ ุจู†ุตูŠุฑ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู† ุงู„ X ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ
1513
+
1514
+ 379
1515
+ 00:30:09,320 --> 00:30:14,000
1516
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ A ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ E ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ
1517
+
1518
+ 380
1519
+ 00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:17,060
1520
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง is called the logarithm of X to the base A
1521
+
1522
+ 381
1523
+ 00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:23,400
1524
+ Yields ุฏุง ุงู„ู€ Logarithm ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
1525
+
1526
+ 382
1527
+ 00:30:23,400 --> 00:30:28,020
1528
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ
1529
+
1530
+ 383
1531
+ 00:30:28,020 --> 00:30:32,220
1532
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Log to the base ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ common
1533
+
1534
+ 384
1535
+ 00:30:32,220 --> 00:30:36,720
1536
+ Logarithm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ูˆ
1537
+
1538
+ 385
1539
+ 00:30:36,720 --> 00:30:41,620
1540
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Section ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1541
+
1542
+ 386
1543
+ 00:30:41,620 --> 00:30:46,180
1544
+ ู‡ูˆ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุจูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
1545
+
1546
+ 387
1547
+ 00:30:46,180 --> 00:30:52,240
1548
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1549
+
1550
+ 388
1551
+ 00:30:52,240 --> 00:30:54,660
1552
+ Logarithmic Function ูˆ ุงู„ Power Function ูˆ ุงู„
1553
+
1554
+ 389
1555
+ 00:30:54,660 --> 00:31:00,040
1556
+ Logarithmic ู„ู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฅู„ู‰
1557
+
1558
+ 390
1559
+ 00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:00,640
1560
+ ู„ู‚ุงุก