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28_12ecb.xml_53 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 13 | 14 | 60 | 73 | United States | 10000000308 | United | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the <m> United States </m> ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the <m> United States </m> ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_45 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 6 | 6 | 26 | 29 | FBI | 10000000309 | FBI | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former <m> FBI </m> official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former <m> FBI </m> official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_47 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 39 | 42 | 218 | 240 | The Washington Post 's | 10000000310 | Washington | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide <m> The Washington Post 's </m> Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide <m> The Washington Post 's </m> Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_57 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 4 | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | 18 | 19 | 118 | 137 | Weather Underground | 10000000311 | Underground | ['controversial', 'figure', 'later', 'convict', 'authorize', 'illegal', 'activity', 'pursuit', 'member', 'radical', 'weather', 'underground', 'felt', 'die', 'heart', 'failure', 'thursday', 'his', 'home', 'santa', 'rosa', 'calif', 'his', 'grandson', 'rob', 'jones', 'say'] | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical <m> Weather Underground </m> , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical <m> Weather Underground </m> , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_52 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 4 | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | 39 | 40 | 227 | 236 | Rob Jones | HUM16975370612436505 | Jones | ['controversial', 'figure', 'later', 'convict', 'authorize', 'illegal', 'activity', 'pursuit', 'member', 'radical', 'weather', 'underground', 'felt', 'die', 'heart', 'failure', 'thursday', 'his', 'home', 'santa', 'rosa', 'calif', 'his', 'grandson', 'rob', 'jones', 'say'] | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson <m> Rob Jones </m> said . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson <m> Rob Jones </m> said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_58 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 4 | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | 14 | 14 | 95 | 102 | members | 10000000312 | member | ['controversial', 'figure', 'later', 'convict', 'authorize', 'illegal', 'activity', 'pursuit', 'member', 'radical', 'weather', 'underground', 'felt', 'die', 'heart', 'failure', 'thursday', 'his', 'home', 'santa', 'rosa', 'calif', 'his', 'grandson', 'rob', 'jones', 'say'] | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of <m> members </m> of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of <m> members </m> of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_61 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 4 | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | 21 | 21 | 140 | 144 | Felt | HUM16762554083083396 | Felt | ['controversial', 'figure', 'later', 'convict', 'authorize', 'illegal', 'activity', 'pursuit', 'member', 'radical', 'weather', 'underground', 'felt', 'die', 'heart', 'failure', 'thursday', 'his', 'home', 'santa', 'rosa', 'calif', 'his', 'grandson', 'rob', 'jones', 'say'] | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , <m> Felt </m> died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , <m> Felt </m> died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_62 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 26 | 27 | 145 | 156 | Deep Throat | HUM16762545642473164 | Throat | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` <m> Deep Throat </m> '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` <m> Deep Throat </m> '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_34 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 0 | 2 | 0 | 12 | W. Mark Felt | HUM16762554083083396 | Mark | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | <m> W. Mark Felt </m> , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
<m> W. Mark Felt </m> , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_35 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 7 | 7 | 30 | 38 | official | HUM16762554083083396 | official | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI <m> official </m> who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI <m> official </m> who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_36 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 4 | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | 2 | 2 | 16 | 22 | figure | HUM16762554083083396 | figure | ['controversial', 'figure', 'later', 'convict', 'authorize', 'illegal', 'activity', 'pursuit', 'member', 'radical', 'weather', 'underground', 'felt', 'die', 'heart', 'failure', 'thursday', 'his', 'home', 'santa', 'rosa', 'calif', 'his', 'grandson', 'rob', 'jones', 'say'] | A controversial <m> figure </m> who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial <m> figure </m> who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_37 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 21 | 21 | 117 | 119 | he | HUM16762554083083396 | he | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when <m> he </m> identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when <m> he </m> identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_38 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 23 | 23 | 131 | 138 | himself | HUM16762554083083396 | himself | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified <m> himself </m> as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified <m> himself </m> as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_39 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 35 | 35 | 194 | 200 | source | HUM16762545642473164 | source | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous <m> source </m> who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous <m> source </m> who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_67 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 4 | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | 27 | 35 | 176 | 211 | at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . | LOC16942449552455123 | Santa | ['controversial', 'figure', 'later', 'convict', 'authorize', 'illegal', 'activity', 'pursuit', 'member', 'radical', 'weather', 'underground', 'felt', 'die', 'heart', 'failure', 'thursday', 'his', 'home', 'santa', 'rosa', 'calif', 'his', 'grandson', 'rob', 'jones', 'say'] | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday <m> at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . </m> , his grandson Rob Jones said . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday <m> at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . </m> , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_63 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 31 | 31 | 167 | 175 | nickname | 10000000313 | nickname | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the <m> nickname </m> for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the <m> nickname </m> for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_56 | train | ent | 28_12ecb.xml | 4 | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | 26 | 26 | 167 | 175 | Thursday | TIM16942369985815303 | Thursday | ['controversial', 'figure', 'later', 'convict', 'authorize', 'illegal', 'activity', 'pursuit', 'member', 'radical', 'weather', 'underground', 'felt', 'die', 'heart', 'failure', 'thursday', 'his', 'home', 'santa', 'rosa', 'calif', 'his', 'grandson', 'rob', 'jones', 'say'] | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure <m> Thursday </m> at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure <m> Thursday </m> at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_51 | train | evt | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 9 | 9 | 43 | 48 | ended | 10000000314 | end | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who <m> ended </m> one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who <m> ended </m> one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_42 | train | evt | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 10 | 10 | 49 | 52 | one | 10000000315 | one | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended <m> one </m> of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended <m> one </m> of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_43 | train | evt | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 22 | 22 | 120 | 130 | identified | ACT16975385765195368 | identify | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he <m> identified </m> himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he <m> identified </m> himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_44 | train | evt | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 48 | 48 | 287 | 296 | Watergate | ACT16762238189665929 | Watergate | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the <m> Watergate </m> scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the <m> Watergate </m> scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_46 | train | evt | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 37 | 37 | 205 | 211 | helped | 10000000316 | helped | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who <m> helped </m> guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who <m> helped </m> guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_48 | train | evt | 28_12ecb.xml | 4 | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | 22 | 22 | 145 | 149 | died | ACT16762501657378707 | die | ['controversial', 'figure', 'later', 'convict', 'authorize', 'illegal', 'activity', 'pursuit', 'member', 'radical', 'weather', 'underground', 'felt', 'die', 'heart', 'failure', 'thursday', 'his', 'home', 'santa', 'rosa', 'calif', 'his', 'grandson', 'rob', 'jones', 'say'] | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt <m> died </m> of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt <m> died </m> of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_49 | train | evt | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 52 | 52 | 312 | 316 | died | ACT16762501657378707 | die | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has <m> died </m> . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has <m> died </m> .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_50 | train | evt | 28_12ecb.xml | 2 | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | 38 | 38 | 212 | 217 | guide | 10000000317 | guide | ['w.', 'mark', 'felt', 'fbi', 'official', 'end', 'united', 'states', 'intriguing', 'political', 'mystery', 'he', 'identify', '``', 'deep', 'throat', 'nickname', 'anonymous', 'source', 'helped', 'guide', 'washington', 'post', 'pulitzer', 'prize-winning', 'investigation', 'watergate', 'scandal', 'die'] | W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped <m> guide </m> The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped <m> guide </m> The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
28_12ecb.xml_54 | train | evt | 28_12ecb.xml | 4 | A controversial figure who was later convicted of authorizing illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | 8 | 8 | 50 | 61 | authorizing | 10000000318 | authorize | ['controversial', 'figure', 'later', 'convict', 'authorize', 'illegal', 'activity', 'pursuit', 'member', 'radical', 'weather', 'underground', 'felt', 'die', 'heart', 'failure', 'thursday', 'his', 'home', 'santa', 'rosa', 'calif', 'his', 'grandson', 'rob', 'jones', 'say'] | A controversial figure who was later convicted of <m> authorizing </m> illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said . | Mark Felt , 'Deep Throat ' in Watergate reports , dies
Former FBI official had storied role in Washington Post investigation that brought down Nixon
W. Mark Felt , the former FBI official who ended one of the United States ' most intriguing political mysteries when he identified himself as `` Deep Throat '' -- the nickname for the anonymous source who helped guide The Washington Post 's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation into the Watergate scandal -- has died .
He was 95 .
A controversial figure who was later convicted of <m> authorizing </m> illegal activities in pursuit of members of the radical Weather Underground , Felt died of heart failure Thursday at his home in Santa Rosa , Calif . , his grandson Rob Jones said .
Felt was deputy associate director of the FBI in 1972 when he began supplying information to Bob Woodward , who with Carl Bernstein made up The Post 's investigative duo who doggedly pursued the story of the Watergate break-in and a conspiracy that led directly to President Richard M. Nixon , who ultimately resigned .
The reporters continued to keep Felt 's name a secret , but in 2005 , at the age of 91 , Felt told Vanity Fair magazine , `` I 'm the guy they used to call Deep Throat . ''
His disclosure ended a mystery that had intrigued Washington insiders and journalists for three decades and provided the grist for many hotly debated newspaper and magazine articles .
While Felt 's name was raised as a suspect on several occasions , he always managed to deflect attention , usually by saying that if had been Deep Throat he would have done a better job of exposing the wrongdoings at the White House .
His disclosure in a Vanity Fair article by his family 's lawyer , John D. O'Connor , provoked a national debate:
Was he a hero who should be lauded for sparing the country the strain of further high crimes and misdemeanors by the Nixon White House ?
Or was he a traitor who betrayed not only his president but his oath of office by disclosing grand jury information and the contents of FBI files ?
For the most part , reaction split along political lines .
`` There 's nothing heroic about breaking faith with your people , '' said commentator Patrick J. Buchanan , a former Nixon speechwriter .
Felt `` disgraced himself and dishonored everything an FBI agent should stand for . ''
But Richard Ben-Veniste , a key lawyer in the Watergate prosecution team , said Felt 's role showed that `` the importance of whistle-blowers should n't be underestimated , particularly when there are excesses by the executive branch of government -- which in this case went all the way to the executive office . ''
Felt 's moment in history began to unfold shortly after five men in business suits were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington on June 17 , 1972 , after breaking into the offices of the Democratic National Committee .
Nixon press secretary Ron Ziegler dismissed the incident as `` a third-rate burglary , '' but details gradually tumbled out tying the burglars to the president 's re-election campaign .
Misdeeds in the White House were uncovered , hearings were conducted in the House of Representatives and Senate , and for the first time in American history a president was forced to resign .
The relationship that defined a generation in journalism began about 1970 when Woodward was a Navy lieutenant assigned to the Pentagon as a watch officer .
In his book , `` The Secret Man : The Story of Watergate 's Deep Throat , '' published after the Vanity Fair article appeared , Woodward wrote that he met Felt when he delivered a package of documents to the White House and struck up a conversation with him in a waiting room .
From that initial meeting , Woodward cultivated a friendship that would pay off handsomely after he entered journalism .
Felt began to provide tips to Woodward when he was a cub reporter at the Montgomery County Sentinel , a suburban Maryland newspaper , and later at The Post , where he was tipped by Felt on stories about the investigation of the 1972 shooting of George C. Wallace , the Alabama governor then running for president .
When Woodward was assigned to the Watergate break-in , he again pressed Felt for help .
His request came during a crucial moment in the FBI 's history:
Felt 's mentor , the legendary founding director J. Edgar Hoover , had died the month before the break-in , and Assistant Attorney General L. Patrick Gray III had been named acting director .
Felt feared -- and his suspicions were later proven right -- that Gray was too close to the Nixon administration to conduct an uncompromised investigation .
Felt agreed to help Woodward but only on `` deep background , '' a term meaning that `` the information could be used , '' Woodward wrote , `` but no source of any kind would be identified in the newspaper . ''
Felt insisted on using covert rules he had learned while working in the FBI 's espionage section during World War II .
If Woodward needed to talk to Felt , he would move a flower pot with a red cloth flag in it to the front of his apartment balcony .
If Felt needed to talk to the reporter -- to correct something The Post had written or to convey other information -- he would circle page 20 in Woodward 's home-delivered copy of The New York Times and draw clock hands on the page to indicate the time of the meeting .
He resisted telephone contact in favor of clandestine 2 a.m. encounters at an underground parking garage in Rosslyn , Virginia .
The two met from June 19 , 1972 -- two days after the break-in -- to November 1973 , five months after Felt left the FBI .
Within the paper , only Woodward and Bernstein knew the identity of Deep Throat , a name borrowed from a notorious pornographic movie of the era .
But Felt dealt only with Woodward , and Bernstein did not meet him until 2008 .
When Nixon left office on Aug. 9 , 1974 , the two reporters shared the secret with Post Editor Benjamin C. Bradlee , who until then had only known that the source was a high Justice Department official .
Nixon , according to Woodward , had suspected Felt of being the confidential source and assumed him to be part of a Jewish cabal out to get him .
According to Vanity Fair , Felt had no religious affiliation . |
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Event Coref Bank plus mentions map for Cross-document Event Coreference Resolution
Citations
When using this resource in publications please cite the following:
@misc{ahmed20232,
title={$2 * n$ is better than $n^2$: Decomposing Event Coreference Resolution into Two Tractable Problems},
author={Shafiuddin Rehan Ahmed and Abhijnan Nath and James H. Martin and Nikhil Krishnaswamy},
year={2023},
eprint={2305.05672},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
and
- Agata Cybulska and Piek Vossen. 2014. Using a sledgehammer to crack a nut? Lexical diversity and event coreference resolution. In Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC2014) The ECB+ corpus is also described in:
- Agata Cybulska and Piek Vossen. 2014. Using a sledgehammer to crack a nut? Lexical diversity and event coreference resolution. In Proceedings of LREC 2014.
- Agata Cybulska and Piek Vossen. Guidelines for ECB+ Annotation of Events and their Coreference. 2014. (http://www.newsreader-project.eu/files/2013/01/NWR-2014-1.pdf)
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