allenai/OLMo-2-1124-13B
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added
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2018-04-03T02:07:17.689Z | 2013-11-08T00:00:00.000Z | 5164860 | {
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} | s2 | Microworms swallow the nanobait: the use of nanocoated microbial cells for the direct delivery of nanoparticles into Caenorhabditis elegans.
The application of in vivo models in assessing the toxicity of nanomaterials is currently regarded as a promising way to investigate the effects of nanomaterials on living organisms. In this paper we introduce a novel method to deliver nanomaterials into Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Our approach is based on using nanoparticle-coated microbial cells as "nanobait", which are ingested by nematodes as a sole food source. We found that nematodes feed on the nanocoated bacteria (Escherichia coli) and microalgae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) ingesting them via pharyngeal pumping, which results in localization of nanoparticles inside the digestive tract of the worms. Nanoparticles were detected exclusively inside the intestine, indicating the efficient delivery based on microbial cells. Delivery of iron oxide nanoparticles results in magnetic labelling of living nematodes, rendering them magnetically-responsive. The use of cell-mediated delivery of nanoparticles can be applied to investigate the toxicity of polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles and citrate-capped silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo. | v3-fos |
2019-05-10T13:06:58.638Z | 2002-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | 152194960 | {
"abstract": "Abstract Public administrators must respond to the loss of public confidence in government. In order to regain trust, the current standards must be raised. One such standard concerns the gift policy for administrators; the city of Houston has implemented a zero gift policy. It seeks to set the clear standard that officials should not receive goods or services for doing their job. With the implementation of a zero gift policy, citizens have evidence that administrators cannot be influenced in the course of their work.",
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Abstract Public administrators must respond to the loss of public confidence in government. In order to regain trust, the current standards must be raised. One such standard concerns the gift policy for administrators; the city of Houston has implemented a zero gift policy. It seeks to set the clear standard that officials should not receive goods or services for doing their job. With the implementation of a zero gift policy, citizens have evidence that administrators cannot be influenced in the course of their work. | v3-fos |
2019-05-21T13:05:52.889Z | 2018-07-03T00:00:00.000Z | 159293060 | {
"abstract": "ABSTRACT This paper examines the growing political importance of philanthropy in the People’s Republic of China as presented in the Chinese Charity Museum, probably the only national-level museum in the world to feature permanent exhibits focused solely on the subject of philanthropy. The paper explains why charitable practices, which purportedly flourished in pre-communist China, “disappeared” during the Mao era (1949–1976), and why philanthropy is now a government-endorsed activity. It then examines the state-prescribed role of Chinese museology and the creation of a charity museum in Nantong City, before investigating the socio-political narrative that frames the Nantong collection. It concludes that the museum’s “story” simplifies and elides the significant change in forms of philanthropic institutions and practices in contemporary China, relative to their pre-1949 precursors, but yields new insight into how the Chinese Communist Party is recasting philanthropy as an integral part of socialist culture and state-led welfare provision.",
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} | s2 | Curating philanthropy and socialist governance: the Chinese Charity museum
ABSTRACT This paper examines the growing political importance of philanthropy in the People’s Republic of China as presented in the Chinese Charity Museum, probably the only national-level museum in the world to feature permanent exhibits focused solely on the subject of philanthropy. The paper explains why charitable practices, which purportedly flourished in pre-communist China, “disappeared” during the Mao era (1949–1976), and why philanthropy is now a government-endorsed activity. It then examines the state-prescribed role of Chinese museology and the creation of a charity museum in Nantong City, before investigating the socio-political narrative that frames the Nantong collection. It concludes that the museum’s “story” simplifies and elides the significant change in forms of philanthropic institutions and practices in contemporary China, relative to their pre-1949 precursors, but yields new insight into how the Chinese Communist Party is recasting philanthropy as an integral part of socialist culture and state-led welfare provision. | v3-fos |
2018-04-03T00:42:47.206Z | 2017-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | 21732970 | {
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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have multiple functions in gene regulation and during cellular processes. However, the functional roles of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been well understood. In our previous study, we demonstrated that sTLR4/MD-2 complex can inhibit CRC in vitro and in vivo by targeting LPS. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the expression of lncRNA H19 in CRC and to evaluate its effect on the inhibition of sTLR4/MD-2 complex. The expression of H19 is measured in 63 CRC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of H19 on migration and invasiveness are evaluated by wound healing assay, migration and invasion assays. Results showed that H19 is significantly overexpressed in cancerous tissues and CRC cell lines compared with adjacent normal tissues and a normal human intestinal epithelial cell line. Moreover, H19 overexpression is closely associated with CRC patients. Our in vitro data indicated that knockdown of H19 inhibits the migration and invasiveness of CRC cells. And in vivo sTLR4/MD-2 complex inhibits tumor growth in mice and the expression of H19 is down-regulated. These results suggest that sTLR4/MD-2 complex inhibits CRC migration and invasiveness in vitro and in vivo by lncRNA H19 down-regulation. | v3-fos |
2018-04-03T00:30:50.053Z | 1994-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | 12356970 | {
"abstract": "Simian and human foamy viruses (HFV and SFV), genetically related members of the spumavirus genus of retroviruses, have complex genome structures which encode the gag, pol, and env genes for virion proteins as well as additional open reading frames. One of these open reading frames is a viral transactivator, encoded by genes designated taf for SFV and bel-1 for HFV, which augments transcription directed by the long terminal repeat (LTR) through cis-acting targets in the U3 domain of the LTR. Recently, an internal transcriptional promoter has been identified in sequences within the 3' end of the HFV env gene (M. Lochelt, W. Muranyi, and R. M. Flugel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90:7317-7321, 1993). We have demonstrated by using transient expression assays in several tissue culture cell lines and by analyzing viral transcripts in infected cells that SFV-1 from a rhesus macaque and SFV-3 from an African green monkey also encode an internal promoter in the env gene. Transcription directed by the internal promoters of SFV-1 and SFV-3 is activated by the taf-1 and taf-3 gene products, respectively, in several cell types. The importance of a TATA box for the SFV-1 internal promoter was established by site-specific mutagenesis, and the 5' ends of transcripts initiating in the internal promoter have been determined. cis-acting sequences in the SFV-1 env gene required for the response to taf-1 are contained within a 121-bp element located 5' to the TATA box in the internal promoter. This taf-1-responsive element in the internal promoter functions in a position- and orientation-independent fashion in a heterologous promoter and thus has the properties of an enhancer which depends on taf-1 activity. Alignments reveal that the SFV-1 internal promoter and the SFV-1 LTR have little sequence relatedness. Cross-transactivation studies show that the transactivators of SFV-1 and HFV function on the internal promoter and LTR of the homologous virus but not on the heterologous virus. In summary, the genomes of simian and human foamy viruses direct viral transcription through both the promoter in the LTR and an internal promoter within the env gene, and each promoter contains unique enhancer-like elements regulated by the viral transactivator.",
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} | s2 | Characterization of the internal promoter of simian foamy viruses
Simian and human foamy viruses (HFV and SFV), genetically related members of the spumavirus genus of retroviruses, have complex genome structures which encode the gag, pol, and env genes for virion proteins as well as additional open reading frames. One of these open reading frames is a viral transactivator, encoded by genes designated taf for SFV and bel-1 for HFV, which augments transcription directed by the long terminal repeat (LTR) through cis-acting targets in the U3 domain of the LTR. Recently, an internal transcriptional promoter has been identified in sequences within the 3' end of the HFV env gene (M. Lochelt, W. Muranyi, and R. M. Flugel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90:7317-7321, 1993). We have demonstrated by using transient expression assays in several tissue culture cell lines and by analyzing viral transcripts in infected cells that SFV-1 from a rhesus macaque and SFV-3 from an African green monkey also encode an internal promoter in the env gene. Transcription directed by the internal promoters of SFV-1 and SFV-3 is activated by the taf-1 and taf-3 gene products, respectively, in several cell types. The importance of a TATA box for the SFV-1 internal promoter was established by site-specific mutagenesis, and the 5' ends of transcripts initiating in the internal promoter have been determined. cis-acting sequences in the SFV-1 env gene required for the response to taf-1 are contained within a 121-bp element located 5' to the TATA box in the internal promoter. This taf-1-responsive element in the internal promoter functions in a position- and orientation-independent fashion in a heterologous promoter and thus has the properties of an enhancer which depends on taf-1 activity. Alignments reveal that the SFV-1 internal promoter and the SFV-1 LTR have little sequence relatedness. Cross-transactivation studies show that the transactivators of SFV-1 and HFV function on the internal promoter and LTR of the homologous virus but not on the heterologous virus. In summary, the genomes of simian and human foamy viruses direct viral transcription through both the promoter in the LTR and an internal promoter within the env gene, and each promoter contains unique enhancer-like elements regulated by the viral transactivator. | v3-fos |
2017-06-15T23:57:08.987Z | 1998-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | 33548320 | {
"abstract": "Objective —To examine the e V ect of Æ tocopherol and (cid:226) carotene supplementa- tion on the incidence of age related cataract extraction. Setting —The Alpha-tocopherol Beta- carotene (ATBC) Study was a ran-domised, double blind, placebo controlled, 2 · 2 factorial trial conducted in south western Finland. The cataract sur- gery study population of 28 934 male smokers 50–69 years of age at the start. Intervention —Random assignment to one of four regimens: Æ tocopherol 50 mg per day, (cid:226) carotene 20 mg per day, both Æ toco- pherol and (cid:226) carotene, or placebo. Follow up continued for five to eight years (median 5.7 years) with a total of 159 199 person years. Outcome measure —Cataract extraction, ascertained from the National Hospital Discharge Registry.",
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} | s2 | Incidence of cataract operations in Finnish male smokers una V ected by Æ tocopherol or (cid:226) carotene supplements
Objective —To examine the e V ect of Æ tocopherol and (cid:226) carotene supplementa- tion on the incidence of age related cataract extraction. Setting —The Alpha-tocopherol Beta- carotene (ATBC) Study was a ran-domised, double blind, placebo controlled, 2 · 2 factorial trial conducted in south western Finland. The cataract sur- gery study population of 28 934 male smokers 50–69 years of age at the start. Intervention —Random assignment to one of four regimens: Æ tocopherol 50 mg per day, (cid:226) carotene 20 mg per day, both Æ toco- pherol and (cid:226) carotene, or placebo. Follow up continued for five to eight years (median 5.7 years) with a total of 159 199 person years. Outcome measure —Cataract extraction, ascertained from the National Hospital Discharge Registry. | v3-fos |
2018-04-03T04:20:12.622Z | 2016-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 23074560 | {
"abstract": "Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk after acute coronary syndromes. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the most effective method of reperfusion for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and can limit the ischaemic damage to the left ventricle. However, there are few data on the impact of diabetes mellitus on the risk of heart failure following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: We studied 958 ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, of whom 263 (27.5%) had diabetes mellitus, with 67 (7.0%) treated with insulin. The primary end points of the study were re-admission for heart failure. Secondary end points were all-cause mortality and recurrent infarctions. The follow-up period was 5 years after hospital discharge. Results: The cumulative incidence of re-admission for heart failure was 8.4%, 15.2% and 26.7% in patients without diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-treated and insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, respectively. Compared with patients without diabetes mellitus, the adjusted hazard ratio for heart failure was 1.95 (95% confidence intervals 1.30–2.93) and 3.09 (95% confidence intervals 1.71–5.60) in non-insulin-treated and insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, respectively. The corresponding hazard ratios for mortality were 1.03 (95% confidence intervals 0.68–1.55) and 2.04 (95% confidence intervals 1.22–3.42), respectively. There was a J-shaped association between fasting glucose levels in the acute phase and risk of mortality (P=0.0001) and a direct association with heart failure (P=0.03). Conclusion: Despite modern treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction and high levels of guideline-based medical care, diabetes mellitus had an independent adverse effect on the risk of re-admissions for heart failure, which was particularly high among insulin-treated patients.",
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} | s2 | Heart failure in patients with diabetes undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk after acute coronary syndromes. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the most effective method of reperfusion for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and can limit the ischaemic damage to the left ventricle. However, there are few data on the impact of diabetes mellitus on the risk of heart failure following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: We studied 958 ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, of whom 263 (27.5%) had diabetes mellitus, with 67 (7.0%) treated with insulin. The primary end points of the study were re-admission for heart failure. Secondary end points were all-cause mortality and recurrent infarctions. The follow-up period was 5 years after hospital discharge. Results: The cumulative incidence of re-admission for heart failure was 8.4%, 15.2% and 26.7% in patients without diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-treated and insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, respectively. Compared with patients without diabetes mellitus, the adjusted hazard ratio for heart failure was 1.95 (95% confidence intervals 1.30–2.93) and 3.09 (95% confidence intervals 1.71–5.60) in non-insulin-treated and insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, respectively. The corresponding hazard ratios for mortality were 1.03 (95% confidence intervals 0.68–1.55) and 2.04 (95% confidence intervals 1.22–3.42), respectively. There was a J-shaped association between fasting glucose levels in the acute phase and risk of mortality (P=0.0001) and a direct association with heart failure (P=0.03). Conclusion: Despite modern treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction and high levels of guideline-based medical care, diabetes mellitus had an independent adverse effect on the risk of re-admissions for heart failure, which was particularly high among insulin-treated patients. | v3-fos |
2019-04-06T13:10:45.713Z | 2013-09-27T00:00:00.000Z | 98655560 | {
"abstract": "A novel superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles loaded poly(acrylamide-co-maleic acid) hydrogel (superparamagnetic PAM hydrogel) has been synthesized and cross-linked by methylene bisacrylamide for the investigation of its efficiency in uptaking copper ions from aqueous solution by batch method. The swelling behavior of the hydrogel was investigated. Metal ion uptake capacity of the adsorbent was evaluated in the light of varying pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose, and different copper ion concentration. The synthesized superparamagnetic PAM was characterized by FTIR and XRD analysis. The structure and coating of the magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and FTIR analysis respectively. The adsorption data was fitted well in the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models and various static parameters were calculated. It is stated that this hydrogel could be regenerated efficiently (>97%) and used repeatedly.",
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} | s2 | Efficiency of Superparamagnetic Nano Iron Oxide Loaded Poly(Acrylamide-co-Maleic acid) Hydrogel in Uptaking Cu2+ Ions from Water
A novel superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles loaded poly(acrylamide-co-maleic acid) hydrogel (superparamagnetic PAM hydrogel) has been synthesized and cross-linked by methylene bisacrylamide for the investigation of its efficiency in uptaking copper ions from aqueous solution by batch method. The swelling behavior of the hydrogel was investigated. Metal ion uptake capacity of the adsorbent was evaluated in the light of varying pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose, and different copper ion concentration. The synthesized superparamagnetic PAM was characterized by FTIR and XRD analysis. The structure and coating of the magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and FTIR analysis respectively. The adsorption data was fitted well in the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models and various static parameters were calculated. It is stated that this hydrogel could be regenerated efficiently (>97%) and used repeatedly. | v3-fos |
2019-04-18T13:07:14.850Z | 2010-08-19T00:00:00.000Z | 120811710 | {
"abstract": "The research towards more efficient organic molecules for second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) applications has resulted in substantial improvements of the molecular nonlinear polarizabilities. Different strategies for increasing NLO responses at the molecular level in ionic chromophores are reviewed. However, only a small subset of the highly efficient non-centrosymmetric molecules also forms non-centrosymmetric crystals at the bulk level. Examples of success in achieving polar crystals of molecular salts are presented. Such crystals with a high number density of aligned dipolar chromophores are promising materials for efficient second-order NLO applications, such as terahertz generation via difference frequency mixing.",
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} | s2 | Designing organic molecules for terahertz radiation generation in robust crystals
The research towards more efficient organic molecules for second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) applications has resulted in substantial improvements of the molecular nonlinear polarizabilities. Different strategies for increasing NLO responses at the molecular level in ionic chromophores are reviewed. However, only a small subset of the highly efficient non-centrosymmetric molecules also forms non-centrosymmetric crystals at the bulk level. Examples of success in achieving polar crystals of molecular salts are presented. Such crystals with a high number density of aligned dipolar chromophores are promising materials for efficient second-order NLO applications, such as terahertz generation via difference frequency mixing. | v3-fos |
2017-02-15T18:26:11.040Z | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 9270600 | {
"abstract": "In colorization-based coding, a chrominance component is reconstructed by applying a colorization matrix to a vector which contains a few color information. The conventional method formulated the colorization-based coding problem into an optimization problem. Since this approach obtains the optimal color information with respect to a given colorization matrix in the sense that it minimizes the reconstruction error, the compression efficiency depends on the colorization matrix. In this paper, we propose a colorization matrix construction with high compression efficiency for the colorization-based coding using optimization. To improve the ability to reconstruct the chrominance component, we construct our proposed colorization matrix based on a luminance-chrominance correlation in a local area. Furthermore, we embed an edge-preserving smoothing filtering process into the colorization matrix to reduce artifacts. The experimental results show that our method achieves better reconstruction of the chrominance component and higher compression efficiency compared with the conventional method.",
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} | s2 | Colorization matrix construction with high compression efficiency for colorization-based coding using optimization
In colorization-based coding, a chrominance component is reconstructed by applying a colorization matrix to a vector which contains a few color information. The conventional method formulated the colorization-based coding problem into an optimization problem. Since this approach obtains the optimal color information with respect to a given colorization matrix in the sense that it minimizes the reconstruction error, the compression efficiency depends on the colorization matrix. In this paper, we propose a colorization matrix construction with high compression efficiency for the colorization-based coding using optimization. To improve the ability to reconstruct the chrominance component, we construct our proposed colorization matrix based on a luminance-chrominance correlation in a local area. Furthermore, we embed an edge-preserving smoothing filtering process into the colorization matrix to reduce artifacts. The experimental results show that our method achieves better reconstruction of the chrominance component and higher compression efficiency compared with the conventional method. | v3-fos |
2018-04-03T03:00:11.230Z | 2007-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 25260960 | {
"abstract": "Nefopam is widely used for the relief of moderate acute pain. Its safety profile remains to be specified. The objective of the study was to review adverse reactions to nefopam spontaneously reported to the French Pharmacovigilance system. All cases of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with nefopam, registered in the French Pharmacovigilance database from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2004, were reviewed. For each reported ADR, information about patient (age, gender, medical history), drug exposure (suspected and concomitantly used drugs), characteristics of ADRs (imputability score, time of onset, seriousness, outcome) were collected. A total of 114 ADRs with an imputability rated from ‘plausible’ (I2) to ‘likely’ (I3) and ‘very likely’ (I4) was analysed. The most frequent ADRs included ‘expected’ ADRs such as sweating, nausea, tachycardia, malaise or vomiting; 61 ADRs were ‘unexpected. No overdose was reported; 26 ADRs (23%) were considered as ‘serious’. Most of them were ‘unexpected’, including neuropsychiatric (hallucinations, convulsions) or cutaneous (pruritus, erythema, urticaria) ADRs. Six cases of anaphylactic ADRs (two angioedema and four anaphylactic shocks) were reported, all occurring shortly after use of nefopam during the post‐operative period. Physicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of some serious ADRs when using nefopam such as convulsions and anaphylactic shocks, especially when the drug is used in special medical conditions, like post‐operative periods.",
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"title": "Overview of adverse reactions to nefopam: an analysis of the French Pharmacovigilance database",
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} | s2 | Overview of adverse reactions to nefopam: an analysis of the French Pharmacovigilance database
Nefopam is widely used for the relief of moderate acute pain. Its safety profile remains to be specified. The objective of the study was to review adverse reactions to nefopam spontaneously reported to the French Pharmacovigilance system. All cases of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with nefopam, registered in the French Pharmacovigilance database from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2004, were reviewed. For each reported ADR, information about patient (age, gender, medical history), drug exposure (suspected and concomitantly used drugs), characteristics of ADRs (imputability score, time of onset, seriousness, outcome) were collected. A total of 114 ADRs with an imputability rated from ‘plausible’ (I2) to ‘likely’ (I3) and ‘very likely’ (I4) was analysed. The most frequent ADRs included ‘expected’ ADRs such as sweating, nausea, tachycardia, malaise or vomiting; 61 ADRs were ‘unexpected. No overdose was reported; 26 ADRs (23%) were considered as ‘serious’. Most of them were ‘unexpected’, including neuropsychiatric (hallucinations, convulsions) or cutaneous (pruritus, erythema, urticaria) ADRs. Six cases of anaphylactic ADRs (two angioedema and four anaphylactic shocks) were reported, all occurring shortly after use of nefopam during the post‐operative period. Physicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of some serious ADRs when using nefopam such as convulsions and anaphylactic shocks, especially when the drug is used in special medical conditions, like post‐operative periods. | v3-fos |
2017-05-15T20:53:11.843Z | 2016-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1148310 | {
"abstract": "Background and Purpose— Get With The Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke is a national, hospital-based quality improvement program developed by the American Heart Association. Although studies have suggested improved processes of care in GWTG-Stroke–participating hospitals, it is not known whether this improved care translates into improved clinical outcomes compared with nonparticipating hospitals. Methods— From all acute care US hospitals caring for Medicare beneficiaries with acute stroke between April 2003 and December 2008, we matched hospitals that joined the GWTG-Stroke program with similar hospitals that did not. Using a difference-in-differences design, we analyzed whether hospital participation in GWTG-Stroke was associated with a greater improvement in clinical outcomes compared with the underlying secular change. Results— The matching algorithm identified 366 GWTG-Stroke–adopting hospitals that cared for 88 584 acute ischemic stroke admissions and 366 non–GWTG-Stroke hospitals that cared for 85 401 acute ischemic stroke admissions. Compared with the Pre period (18–6 months before program implementation), in the Early period (0–6 months after program implementation), GWTG-Stroke hospitals had accelerated increases in discharge to home and reduced mortality at 30 days and 1 year. In the Sustained period (6–18 months after program implementation), the accelerated reduction in mortality at 1 year was sustained, with a trend toward sustained accelerated increase in discharge home. Conclusions— Hospital adoption of the GWTG-Stroke program was associated with improved functional outcomes at discharge and reduced postdischarge mortality.",
"abstract_count": 224,
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"abstract_perplexity": -16.202862659260948,
"extfieldsofstudy": [
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} | s2 | Association of Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Program Participation and Clinical Outcomes for Medicare Beneficiaries With Ischemic Stroke
Background and Purpose— Get With The Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke is a national, hospital-based quality improvement program developed by the American Heart Association. Although studies have suggested improved processes of care in GWTG-Stroke–participating hospitals, it is not known whether this improved care translates into improved clinical outcomes compared with nonparticipating hospitals. Methods— From all acute care US hospitals caring for Medicare beneficiaries with acute stroke between April 2003 and December 2008, we matched hospitals that joined the GWTG-Stroke program with similar hospitals that did not. Using a difference-in-differences design, we analyzed whether hospital participation in GWTG-Stroke was associated with a greater improvement in clinical outcomes compared with the underlying secular change. Results— The matching algorithm identified 366 GWTG-Stroke–adopting hospitals that cared for 88 584 acute ischemic stroke admissions and 366 non–GWTG-Stroke hospitals that cared for 85 401 acute ischemic stroke admissions. Compared with the Pre period (18–6 months before program implementation), in the Early period (0–6 months after program implementation), GWTG-Stroke hospitals had accelerated increases in discharge to home and reduced mortality at 30 days and 1 year. In the Sustained period (6–18 months after program implementation), the accelerated reduction in mortality at 1 year was sustained, with a trend toward sustained accelerated increase in discharge home. Conclusions— Hospital adoption of the GWTG-Stroke program was associated with improved functional outcomes at discharge and reduced postdischarge mortality. | v3-fos |
2021-12-30T16:05:03.061Z | 2012-08-30T00:00:00.000Z | 245553120 | {
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Documentation of the 2010 Midterm Conference of the European Sociological Association Research Network 20 Qualitative Methods “Innovating Qualitative Research: Challenges and Opportunities. New Directions in Religion, Technology, Migration and Beyond,” held at the University of Bayreuth (Germany), 20-22 September 2010. The following documentation includes the inaugural addresses and all statements and interventions from the two plenary sessions on “The Future of Qualitative Research” that took place during the mid-term conference in September 2010 at the University of Bayreuth. Speeches and discussions were entirely videotaped, transcribed and carefully edited in order to present a thorough and readable documentation. The text was revised by all intervening speakers and is published upon unanimous approval. We are grateful to Carolin Dix for valuable support with transcribing the video data. | v3-fos |
2018-04-03T06:12:56.386Z | 2006-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | 23474600 | {
"abstract": "Background: Cholesterol crystal embolism syndrome (CCE) is an increasing end-stage renal disease cause. Few cases have been described on dialysis, despite the high prevalence of the predisposing factors. Methods: The diagnostic criteria of the present study were: skin lesions, myalgia, fatigue, fever and acute inflammatory serologic signs, in the presence of severe vasculopathy. The precipitating factors were: anticoagulation, endovascular intervention and ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque. Results: Between October 2003 and September 2005, CCE was diagnosed in 6 dialysis patients (of 200–210 on chronic treatment): 5 males, 1 female, median age 59.5 years (47–70) and end-stage renal disease follow-up 11.5 years (3–25). All had severe vasculopathy, 5 cardiopathy, and 4 were failed graft recipients. The treatment included: peritoneal dialysis, daily dialysis, ‘conventional’ hemodialysis (2 cases) and hemodiafiltration. The diagnosis was based on the clinical-laboratory picture in 1 patient. In the 5 others clues were present (dicumarol therapy, angioplasty, femoral artery thrombosis, CCE predialysis and ulcerated aortic plaque). The therapeutic approach consisted of corticosteroids (5 cases), statins (4 cases) and prostaglandin analogues (4 cases). Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of CCE should also be considered in dialysis patients (necrotic lesions, limb pain and vasculitis-like signs).",
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"year": 2006
} | s2 | Cholesterol Crystal Embolism Syndrome in Dialysis Patients: An Emerging Clinical Diagnosis?
Background: Cholesterol crystal embolism syndrome (CCE) is an increasing end-stage renal disease cause. Few cases have been described on dialysis, despite the high prevalence of the predisposing factors. Methods: The diagnostic criteria of the present study were: skin lesions, myalgia, fatigue, fever and acute inflammatory serologic signs, in the presence of severe vasculopathy. The precipitating factors were: anticoagulation, endovascular intervention and ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque. Results: Between October 2003 and September 2005, CCE was diagnosed in 6 dialysis patients (of 200–210 on chronic treatment): 5 males, 1 female, median age 59.5 years (47–70) and end-stage renal disease follow-up 11.5 years (3–25). All had severe vasculopathy, 5 cardiopathy, and 4 were failed graft recipients. The treatment included: peritoneal dialysis, daily dialysis, ‘conventional’ hemodialysis (2 cases) and hemodiafiltration. The diagnosis was based on the clinical-laboratory picture in 1 patient. In the 5 others clues were present (dicumarol therapy, angioplasty, femoral artery thrombosis, CCE predialysis and ulcerated aortic plaque). The therapeutic approach consisted of corticosteroids (5 cases), statins (4 cases) and prostaglandin analogues (4 cases). Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of CCE should also be considered in dialysis patients (necrotic lesions, limb pain and vasculitis-like signs). | v3-fos |
2017-02-18T20:53:14.885Z | 2016-07-06T00:00:00.000Z | 31348070 | {
"abstract": "With the advances of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and autonomous robotics, robots are increasingly involved closely with human society, such as in manufacturing system, autonomous driving and intelligent service robots. While robots are good at handling repeated routine work, human are more adaptive and flexible to changing factors that may bring uncertainties and cost non-trivial efforts for robots to overcome. Thus efficient collaboration between human and robots can bring huge economic profits, but also require high standard for robot controller during task completion because the safety of human must be guaranteed. In this paper, we build a formal design theory enabling an automated human-robot collaboration with performance guarantees. Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are used to model robots with uncertainties and Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are used to model human with hidden intents. Within a supervisory control framework, we propose to use L* learning algorithm to learn a correct supervisor such that global collaboration task given as Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (PCTL) can be satisfied. An example from manufacturing system is discussed to further illustrate the design method.",
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} | s2 | Performance guaranteed human-robot collaboration through correct-by-design
With the advances of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and autonomous robotics, robots are increasingly involved closely with human society, such as in manufacturing system, autonomous driving and intelligent service robots. While robots are good at handling repeated routine work, human are more adaptive and flexible to changing factors that may bring uncertainties and cost non-trivial efforts for robots to overcome. Thus efficient collaboration between human and robots can bring huge economic profits, but also require high standard for robot controller during task completion because the safety of human must be guaranteed. In this paper, we build a formal design theory enabling an automated human-robot collaboration with performance guarantees. Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are used to model robots with uncertainties and Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are used to model human with hidden intents. Within a supervisory control framework, we propose to use L* learning algorithm to learn a correct supervisor such that global collaboration task given as Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (PCTL) can be satisfied. An example from manufacturing system is discussed to further illustrate the design method. | v3-fos |
2019-04-16T13:29:28.366Z | 2019-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | 117312350 | {
"abstract": "Verification testing, conducted by many state agencies, should serve an integral role in a quality assurance program. Many agencies seek a balance of physical and financial resources, as resources are routinely a limiting factor. For the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT), it is datasets collected by both the contractor (quality control, QC) and department (quality verification, QV) at differing frequencies compared in a statistically valid method that provide balance. Statistical analyses, specifically F- and t-testing, have been chosen by WisDOT to accompany a Percent Within Limits (PWL) specification for hot mix asphalt (HMA). The analyses evaluate QC and QV data variances, means, standard deviations, and so forth, and determine whether it is reasonable to assume the test results of each dataset come from the same population, that is, are representative of the same material. If comparable, the more frequent QC data are considered verified and subsequently used in PWL calculations to approximate the percentage of material within specification limits. Anything less than comparable is subject to further investigation, for example, a dispute resolution process, to determine which test results most reliably represent the physical properties of the material, and are thus justifiably used in latter calculations. Such an approach has allowed WisDOT to adjust pay in accordance with material quality and consistency, ultimately connecting pay to anticipated long-term performance. This modified system of monitoring HMA materials has motivated multiple changes to industry processes and planning, and resulted in more consistent pavements, which should reduce the potential for isolated premature distresses.",
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} | s2 | State DOT Implementation of Statistical Analysis and Percent Within Limits
Verification testing, conducted by many state agencies, should serve an integral role in a quality assurance program. Many agencies seek a balance of physical and financial resources, as resources are routinely a limiting factor. For the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT), it is datasets collected by both the contractor (quality control, QC) and department (quality verification, QV) at differing frequencies compared in a statistically valid method that provide balance. Statistical analyses, specifically F- and t-testing, have been chosen by WisDOT to accompany a Percent Within Limits (PWL) specification for hot mix asphalt (HMA). The analyses evaluate QC and QV data variances, means, standard deviations, and so forth, and determine whether it is reasonable to assume the test results of each dataset come from the same population, that is, are representative of the same material. If comparable, the more frequent QC data are considered verified and subsequently used in PWL calculations to approximate the percentage of material within specification limits. Anything less than comparable is subject to further investigation, for example, a dispute resolution process, to determine which test results most reliably represent the physical properties of the material, and are thus justifiably used in latter calculations. Such an approach has allowed WisDOT to adjust pay in accordance with material quality and consistency, ultimately connecting pay to anticipated long-term performance. This modified system of monitoring HMA materials has motivated multiple changes to industry processes and planning, and resulted in more consistent pavements, which should reduce the potential for isolated premature distresses. | v3-fos |
2019-05-30T23:47:15.489Z | 2019-01-24T00:00:00.000Z | 170014350 | {
"abstract": "Workers in developed economies have not been immune to the dynamics of global trade and economic liberalization that have stranded vulnerable workers in poorer countries. This chapter tracks the informalization of apparel production in Australia throughout the 1980s and 1990s, asking how national and international factors converged to leave a migrant group stranded, without the employment conditions and protections that Australia prided itself on providing to its working population. It then examines the subsequent attempts to re-formalize work by the creation of innovative legislation and ethical initiatives that add levers and regulatory agents. This study is important because Australia’s novel regulation combines market and non-market forms of regulation, with a successful ethical labelling system at the heart of the model.",
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} | s2 | Expansion and Layering of Labour Regulation
Workers in developed economies have not been immune to the dynamics of global trade and economic liberalization that have stranded vulnerable workers in poorer countries. This chapter tracks the informalization of apparel production in Australia throughout the 1980s and 1990s, asking how national and international factors converged to leave a migrant group stranded, without the employment conditions and protections that Australia prided itself on providing to its working population. It then examines the subsequent attempts to re-formalize work by the creation of innovative legislation and ethical initiatives that add levers and regulatory agents. This study is important because Australia’s novel regulation combines market and non-market forms of regulation, with a successful ethical labelling system at the heart of the model. | v3-fos |
2019-06-07T23:03:26.808Z | 2019-05-22T00:00:00.000Z | 181686000 | {
"abstract": "ABSTRACT It has been assumed that populism has become mainstream in the Western world, and that the media have substantially contributed to populism’s success and omnipresence in politics and society. To investigate populist elements in media coverage, extant research has mainly focused on election periods, or media populism in specific types of coverage and outlets. In this paper, we investigate if the use of populist elements in general media coverage has increased over time. Focusing on a 28-year period in the Netherlands, we find clear evidence for an increasing presence of people-centric, anti-elitist and right- and left-exclusionist coverage in newspapers. This trend is general, with only limited evidence for cross-outlet differences. Since our analysis was not limited to specific periods, sample frames or topics, our research offers first evidence for an unconditional increase of different elements of populist communication in traditional news coverage. An important implication is that the rise of populist news coverage has made populism more visible to the electorate, potentially setting the agenda for political parties and populist attitudes in public opinion.",
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"title": "The Rise of a Populist Zeitgeist? A Content Analysis of Populist Media Coverage in Newspapers Published between 1990 and 2017",
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} | s2 | The Rise of a Populist Zeitgeist? A Content Analysis of Populist Media Coverage in Newspapers Published between 1990 and 2017
ABSTRACT It has been assumed that populism has become mainstream in the Western world, and that the media have substantially contributed to populism’s success and omnipresence in politics and society. To investigate populist elements in media coverage, extant research has mainly focused on election periods, or media populism in specific types of coverage and outlets. In this paper, we investigate if the use of populist elements in general media coverage has increased over time. Focusing on a 28-year period in the Netherlands, we find clear evidence for an increasing presence of people-centric, anti-elitist and right- and left-exclusionist coverage in newspapers. This trend is general, with only limited evidence for cross-outlet differences. Since our analysis was not limited to specific periods, sample frames or topics, our research offers first evidence for an unconditional increase of different elements of populist communication in traditional news coverage. An important implication is that the rise of populist news coverage has made populism more visible to the electorate, potentially setting the agenda for political parties and populist attitudes in public opinion. | v3-fos |
2018-04-03T05:13:47.557Z | 1999-09-11T00:00:00.000Z | 41922150 | {
"abstract": "Editor—The findings of Howitt and Armstrong’s study of antithrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation in general practice—in particular that patients were unwilling to take warfarin—have uncertain clinical relevance.1 They are in contrast to those of Sudlow et al, who reported that most elderly patients with atrial fibrillation would accept treatment to prevent stroke.2 \n \nThe precise information provided to patients is critically important in influencing their beliefs. Lack of detail on the information provided about the drugs mars Howitt and Anderson’s study. The authors emphasised the value of a patient centred approach in determining antithrombotic treatment in chronic atrial fibrillation and presented to patients, in pictorial fashion, the benefits (derived from clinical trials) of warfarin and aspirin. An equally important methodological issue, however, is the presentation of the risks of the treatment. \n \nThe methods section states only that “detailed information about aspirin and warfarin treatment was given.” What exactly does this mean? If the material consisted of the typical prescribing information for warfarin or even the equally daunting consumer drug information developed by pharmaceutical companies, it is not surprising that many patients were frightened off treatment. \n \nAdopting a patient centred approach to therapeutic decision making requires that the potential risks of the treatment are presented in as patient friendly a manner as the possible benefits.",
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"title": "Antithrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation",
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"year": 1999
} | s2 | Antithrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation
Editor—The findings of Howitt and Armstrong’s study of antithrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation in general practice—in particular that patients were unwilling to take warfarin—have uncertain clinical relevance.1 They are in contrast to those of Sudlow et al, who reported that most elderly patients with atrial fibrillation would accept treatment to prevent stroke.2
The precise information provided to patients is critically important in influencing their beliefs. Lack of detail on the information provided about the drugs mars Howitt and Anderson’s study. The authors emphasised the value of a patient centred approach in determining antithrombotic treatment in chronic atrial fibrillation and presented to patients, in pictorial fashion, the benefits (derived from clinical trials) of warfarin and aspirin. An equally important methodological issue, however, is the presentation of the risks of the treatment.
The methods section states only that “detailed information about aspirin and warfarin treatment was given.” What exactly does this mean? If the material consisted of the typical prescribing information for warfarin or even the equally daunting consumer drug information developed by pharmaceutical companies, it is not surprising that many patients were frightened off treatment.
Adopting a patient centred approach to therapeutic decision making requires that the potential risks of the treatment are presented in as patient friendly a manner as the possible benefits. | v3-fos |
2022-06-18T15:14:38.059Z | 2022-06-15T00:00:00.000Z | 249812620 | {
"abstract": "Optimization and improvement of the electrical system are applied to cope with the increased demand for electrical power in the vehicular system; they must be carried out in many ways to ensure that the vehicles are provided with the necessary electricity for their performance work electrical equipment. This paper reviews the various optimization approaches for the alternator used in automotive applications and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The optimization is achieved to the field excitation current that influences the alternator output voltage, and the other techniques designed a controller to optimize the output power of the alternator using power electronic converters. The most suitable approaches are those approaches that use real-time optimization and self-optimization methods. Combining the above two methods can achieve the best results, higher efficiency, stable performance, and a large amount of power produced by the alternator.",
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"title": "Optimization Approaches and Techniques for Automotive Alternators: Review Study",
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} | s2 | Optimization Approaches and Techniques for Automotive Alternators: Review Study
Optimization and improvement of the electrical system are applied to cope with the increased demand for electrical power in the vehicular system; they must be carried out in many ways to ensure that the vehicles are provided with the necessary electricity for their performance work electrical equipment. This paper reviews the various optimization approaches for the alternator used in automotive applications and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The optimization is achieved to the field excitation current that influences the alternator output voltage, and the other techniques designed a controller to optimize the output power of the alternator using power electronic converters. The most suitable approaches are those approaches that use real-time optimization and self-optimization methods. Combining the above two methods can achieve the best results, higher efficiency, stable performance, and a large amount of power produced by the alternator. | v3-fos |
2018-04-03T03:30:41.700Z | 2004-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | 6273920 | {
"abstract": "Yersinia (Y.) pseudotuberculosis infections may lead to significant lethality in European brown hare (Lepus europaeus, Pallas) populations especially during the cold and wet seasons. In recent decades, also Y. enterocolitica was isolated from hares found dead. Consequently, a Western-blot technique proved to be valuable for the detection of antibodies against all pathogenic Yersinia isolates was applied to monitor the prevalence of antibodies in hare populations in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany. A total of 89.6% of the 230 animals tested was seropositive. Further investigations should be performed to elucidate the role of subclinical yersiniosis in the decline of European brown hare populations in Germany.",
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} | s2 | [Prevalence of anti-Yersinia antibodies in European brown hares in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany].
Yersinia (Y.) pseudotuberculosis infections may lead to significant lethality in European brown hare (Lepus europaeus, Pallas) populations especially during the cold and wet seasons. In recent decades, also Y. enterocolitica was isolated from hares found dead. Consequently, a Western-blot technique proved to be valuable for the detection of antibodies against all pathogenic Yersinia isolates was applied to monitor the prevalence of antibodies in hare populations in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany. A total of 89.6% of the 230 animals tested was seropositive. Further investigations should be performed to elucidate the role of subclinical yersiniosis in the decline of European brown hare populations in Germany. | v3-fos |
2017-03-31T13:14:02.794Z | 2012-05-15T00:00:00.000Z | 14084460 | {
"abstract": "ABSTRACT \n Culex theileri Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the most common mosquito species in northeastern Turkey and serves as a vector for various zoonotic diseases including West Nile virus. Although there have been some studies on the ecology of Cx. theileri, very little genetic data has been made available. We successfully sequenced 11 gene fragments from Cx. theileri specimens collected from the northeastern part of Turkey. On average, we found a Single nucleotide polymorphism every 45 bp. Transitions outnumbered transversions, at a ratio of 2:1. This is the first report of genetic polymorphisms in Cx. theileri and Single nucleotide polymorphism discovered from this study can be used to investigate population structure and gene-environmental interactions.",
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"title": "Identification and Characterization of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Culex theileri (Diptera: Culicidae)",
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} | s2 | Identification and Characterization of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Culex theileri (Diptera: Culicidae)
ABSTRACT
Culex theileri Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the most common mosquito species in northeastern Turkey and serves as a vector for various zoonotic diseases including West Nile virus. Although there have been some studies on the ecology of Cx. theileri, very little genetic data has been made available. We successfully sequenced 11 gene fragments from Cx. theileri specimens collected from the northeastern part of Turkey. On average, we found a Single nucleotide polymorphism every 45 bp. Transitions outnumbered transversions, at a ratio of 2:1. This is the first report of genetic polymorphisms in Cx. theileri and Single nucleotide polymorphism discovered from this study can be used to investigate population structure and gene-environmental interactions. | v3-fos |
2018-04-03T03:41:31.684Z | 2009-01-15T00:00:00.000Z | 7822460 | {
"abstract": "A special tryptic digestion method has been developed to facilitate rapid identification and accurate quantification of site-specific aspartyl succinimide (Asu) formation in complex protein molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This method replaces chaotropic reagents, such as urea and guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) with an acid labile surfactant RapiGest (RG), eliminates alkylation and desalting steps, and accomplishes the reduced tryptic digestion of an IgG2 mAb in a mildly acidic condition (pH 6.0) with half the time required by conventional methods. The new digestion condition preserves the labile Asu during sample preparation and solves the problem that conventional method has been facing in detecting and quantifying Asu in complex proteins. The validity of this method was confirmed by subjecting a mixture of peptides containing a predetermined amount of Asu to the same digestion conditions. An excellent correlation was also observed for the Asu results from cation-exchange chromatography (CEX) and tryptic peptide maps generated with the new digestion method. This method is also applicable to other enzymatic digestions and used to monitor site-specific deamidation, isomerization, and other chemical modifications in complex proteins by LC/MS.",
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} | s2 | Direct identification and quantification of aspartyl succinimide in an IgG2 mAb by RapiGest assisted digestion.
A special tryptic digestion method has been developed to facilitate rapid identification and accurate quantification of site-specific aspartyl succinimide (Asu) formation in complex protein molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This method replaces chaotropic reagents, such as urea and guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) with an acid labile surfactant RapiGest (RG), eliminates alkylation and desalting steps, and accomplishes the reduced tryptic digestion of an IgG2 mAb in a mildly acidic condition (pH 6.0) with half the time required by conventional methods. The new digestion condition preserves the labile Asu during sample preparation and solves the problem that conventional method has been facing in detecting and quantifying Asu in complex proteins. The validity of this method was confirmed by subjecting a mixture of peptides containing a predetermined amount of Asu to the same digestion conditions. An excellent correlation was also observed for the Asu results from cation-exchange chromatography (CEX) and tryptic peptide maps generated with the new digestion method. This method is also applicable to other enzymatic digestions and used to monitor site-specific deamidation, isomerization, and other chemical modifications in complex proteins by LC/MS. | v3-fos |
2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1998-10-25T00:00:00.000Z | 6814820 | {
"abstract": "Wueless ATM aims at -tending ATM services to the wire 1= environment. In contrast to wirehne ATM, which is primarily based on refiable fiber optic, wirel= ATM will have to cope with an unreliable radio channel. ThB POS= a host of technical chdlengw related to the prov~loning of qurdity of service (QoS). Key imttw include incorporating the characteristics of the wirelm channel in the protiloning of cell-level QoS, and improving the perceived qurdity by using error control mechanisms. k this study, we propose a model for anrdyzing the cell IOS statistim due to btier overflow in a wireless ATM environment. This model incorporate the service disruption caused by the unreliable radio channel as well as the impact of error control schema, e.g., automatic repeat requwt (ARQ) and forward error correction (FEC) mechanisms. The main theme of this study is to invatigate the cdl loss behavior of a wireless ATM fink as a finction of the assigned bandwidth and error control schemw. Using fluid analysis, we pr=ent an approximate ar-ion for the cell loss rate (CLR). This ~r-ion is used to derive a closed-form ~ression for the wireless tiective bandwidth. It is *O used to investigate the optirnd FEC code rate that gttarante= a given CLR wtie m_lng the unitization of the wireless bandwidth. The Mldity of our andyticd re sttlts are tested by contrasting them to simulation r=ttlts. Our observations indicate that the proposed qrassion of CLR is quite accurate over a range of moderate bit error rat=.",
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} | s2 | Effective bandwidth in wireless ATM networks
Wueless ATM aims at -tending ATM services to the wire 1= environment. In contrast to wirehne ATM, which is primarily based on refiable fiber optic, wirel= ATM will have to cope with an unreliable radio channel. ThB POS= a host of technical chdlengw related to the prov~loning of qurdity of service (QoS). Key imttw include incorporating the characteristics of the wirelm channel in the protiloning of cell-level QoS, and improving the perceived qurdity by using error control mechanisms. k this study, we propose a model for anrdyzing the cell IOS statistim due to btier overflow in a wireless ATM environment. This model incorporate the service disruption caused by the unreliable radio channel as well as the impact of error control schema, e.g., automatic repeat requwt (ARQ) and forward error correction (FEC) mechanisms. The main theme of this study is to invatigate the cdl loss behavior of a wireless ATM fink as a finction of the assigned bandwidth and error control schemw. Using fluid analysis, we pr=ent an approximate ar-ion for the cell loss rate (CLR). This ~r-ion is used to derive a closed-form ~ression for the wireless tiective bandwidth. It is *O used to investigate the optirnd FEC code rate that gttarante= a given CLR wtie m_lng the unitization of the wireless bandwidth. The Mldity of our andyticd re sttlts are tested by contrasting them to simulation r=ttlts. Our observations indicate that the proposed qrassion of CLR is quite accurate over a range of moderate bit error rat=. | v3-fos |
2018-04-03T05:26:47.499Z | 1997-06-24T00:00:00.000Z | 26015720 | {
"abstract": "Glutamate mutase is one of a group of adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymes that catalyze unusual isomerizations that proceed through the formation of radical intermediates. It shares a structurally similar cobalamin-binding domain with methylcobalamin-dependent methionine synthase. In particular, both proteins contain the \"DXHXXG\" cobalamin-binding motif, in which the histidine provides the axial ligand to cobalt. The effects of mutating the conserved histidine and aspartate residues in methionine synthase have recently been described [Jarrett, J. T., Amaratunga, M., Drennan, C. L., Scholten, J. D., Sands, R. H., Ludwig, M. L., & Matthews, R. G. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 2464-2475]. Here, we describe how similar mutations in the \"DXHXXG\" motif of glutamate mutase affect coenzyme binding and catalysis in an adenosylcobalamin-dependent reaction. The mutations made in the MutS subunit of glutamate mutase were His16Gly, His16Gln, Asp14Asn, Asp14Glu, and Asp14Ala. All the mutations affect, in varying degrees, the rate of catalysis, the affinity of the protein for the coenzyme, and the coordination of cobalt. Mutations of either Asp14 or His16 decrease k(cat) by 1000-fold, and whereas cob(II)alamin accumulates as an intermediate in the wild-type enzyme, it does not accumulate in the mutants, suggesting the rate-determining step is altered. The apparent Kd for adenosylcobalamin is raised by about 50-fold when His16 is mutated and by 5-10-fold when Asp16 is mutated. There are extensive differences between the UV-visible spectra of wild-type and mutant holoenzymes, indicating that the mutant enzymes coordinate cobalt less well. Overall, the properties of these mutants differ quite markedly from those observed when similar mutations were introduced into methionine synthase.",
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} | s2 | How enzymes control the reactivity of adenosylcobalamin: effect on coenzyme binding and catalysis of mutations in the conserved histidine-aspartate pair of glutamate mutase.
Glutamate mutase is one of a group of adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymes that catalyze unusual isomerizations that proceed through the formation of radical intermediates. It shares a structurally similar cobalamin-binding domain with methylcobalamin-dependent methionine synthase. In particular, both proteins contain the "DXHXXG" cobalamin-binding motif, in which the histidine provides the axial ligand to cobalt. The effects of mutating the conserved histidine and aspartate residues in methionine synthase have recently been described [Jarrett, J. T., Amaratunga, M., Drennan, C. L., Scholten, J. D., Sands, R. H., Ludwig, M. L., & Matthews, R. G. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 2464-2475]. Here, we describe how similar mutations in the "DXHXXG" motif of glutamate mutase affect coenzyme binding and catalysis in an adenosylcobalamin-dependent reaction. The mutations made in the MutS subunit of glutamate mutase were His16Gly, His16Gln, Asp14Asn, Asp14Glu, and Asp14Ala. All the mutations affect, in varying degrees, the rate of catalysis, the affinity of the protein for the coenzyme, and the coordination of cobalt. Mutations of either Asp14 or His16 decrease k(cat) by 1000-fold, and whereas cob(II)alamin accumulates as an intermediate in the wild-type enzyme, it does not accumulate in the mutants, suggesting the rate-determining step is altered. The apparent Kd for adenosylcobalamin is raised by about 50-fold when His16 is mutated and by 5-10-fold when Asp16 is mutated. There are extensive differences between the UV-visible spectra of wild-type and mutant holoenzymes, indicating that the mutant enzymes coordinate cobalt less well. Overall, the properties of these mutants differ quite markedly from those observed when similar mutations were introduced into methionine synthase. | v3-fos |
2019-04-24T13:13:33.594Z | 1998-01-15T00:00:00.000Z | 129734050 | {
"abstract": "Observations of stratospheric water vapour, made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) during the 1992 and 1993 Arctic and 1992 Antarctic late winters have now been produced using version 4 of the retrieval software. These improved measurements are analysed as equivalent latitude zonal means. Major interhemispheric differences are revealed in the water vapour content of the vortex in the lower stratosphere. This technique emphasises mixing ratio gradients at the edges of both polar vortices, and a local maximum at the edge of the Antarctic vortex. There are some small interhemispheric differences in mixing ratios in mid‐latitudes, but they are not strongly related to the dehydration of the Antarctic vortex. A mixing ratio gradient across the interior of the Antarctic vortex at 530K indicates it is not isentropically mixed. A strong local maximum in mixing ratio at the centre of the Antarctic vortex in the mid‐stratosphere indicates it is not well mixed in the mid‐stratosphere also. There is little evidence of significant structure inside the Arctic vortex.",
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"title": "Interhemispheric differences in stratospheric water vapour during late winter, in version 4 MLS measurements",
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} | s2 | Interhemispheric differences in stratospheric water vapour during late winter, in version 4 MLS measurements
Observations of stratospheric water vapour, made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) during the 1992 and 1993 Arctic and 1992 Antarctic late winters have now been produced using version 4 of the retrieval software. These improved measurements are analysed as equivalent latitude zonal means. Major interhemispheric differences are revealed in the water vapour content of the vortex in the lower stratosphere. This technique emphasises mixing ratio gradients at the edges of both polar vortices, and a local maximum at the edge of the Antarctic vortex. There are some small interhemispheric differences in mixing ratios in mid‐latitudes, but they are not strongly related to the dehydration of the Antarctic vortex. A mixing ratio gradient across the interior of the Antarctic vortex at 530K indicates it is not isentropically mixed. A strong local maximum in mixing ratio at the centre of the Antarctic vortex in the mid‐stratosphere indicates it is not well mixed in the mid‐stratosphere also. There is little evidence of significant structure inside the Arctic vortex. | v3-fos |
2017-09-06T14:04:48.682Z | 2008-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | 38468600 | {
"abstract": "intelligent decision making an ai based approach is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the intelligent decision making an ai based approach is universally compatible with any devices to read.",
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"title": "Intelligent Decision Making: An AI-Based Approach",
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intelligent decision making an ai based approach is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the intelligent decision making an ai based approach is universally compatible with any devices to read. | v3-fos |
2022-02-17T16:09:21.613Z | 2022-02-17T00:00:00.000Z | 246892150 | {
"abstract": "\nPurpose\nThis paper aims to investigate the influence of picking sequence, weave design and weft yarn material on the thermal conductivity of the woven fabrics.\n\n\nDesign/methodology/approach\nThis work includes the development of 36 woven samples with two weave designs (1/1 plain and 3/1 twill), three picking sequences (single, double and three pick insertion) and six different weft yarn materials (cotton, polyester having 48 filaments, polyester with 144 filaments, spun coolmax having Lycra in core and coolmax in sheath, filament coolmax and polypropylene). The thermal conductivity was measured using ALAMBETA tester.\n\n\nFindings\nThe results showed that weft yarn material, weave design and picking sequence have a meaningful impact on the thermal conductivity of woven fabric. The value of thermal conductivity was lowest for the fabrics with three pick insertion and 3/1 twill weave in all weft yarn materials.\n\n\nResearch limitations/implications\nPlain woven fabric with single pick insertion is feasible for summer wear to enhance the comfort of wearer. By changing the warp yarn grouping and material, improved thermal conductivity/resistance can also be achieved.\n\n\nOriginality/value\nThe authors have studied the combined effect of different weft yarn materials with different picking sequences and different weave designs on thermal conductivity of the woven fabrics.\n",
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} | s2 | Thermal properties of woven fabric as a function of its structural parameters: experimentation and modeling
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the influence of picking sequence, weave design and weft yarn material on the thermal conductivity of the woven fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
This work includes the development of 36 woven samples with two weave designs (1/1 plain and 3/1 twill), three picking sequences (single, double and three pick insertion) and six different weft yarn materials (cotton, polyester having 48 filaments, polyester with 144 filaments, spun coolmax having Lycra in core and coolmax in sheath, filament coolmax and polypropylene). The thermal conductivity was measured using ALAMBETA tester.
Findings
The results showed that weft yarn material, weave design and picking sequence have a meaningful impact on the thermal conductivity of woven fabric. The value of thermal conductivity was lowest for the fabrics with three pick insertion and 3/1 twill weave in all weft yarn materials.
Research limitations/implications
Plain woven fabric with single pick insertion is feasible for summer wear to enhance the comfort of wearer. By changing the warp yarn grouping and material, improved thermal conductivity/resistance can also be achieved.
Originality/value
The authors have studied the combined effect of different weft yarn materials with different picking sequences and different weave designs on thermal conductivity of the woven fabrics.
| v3-fos |
2019-09-10T02:04:40.666Z | 2019-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | 202089950 | {
"abstract": "Bit error rate (BER) and channel capacity are two important metrics to assess the performance of free-space optical communication (FSOC) systems. Due to the fading of the optical signal owing to the atmospheric effects, these two quantities behave as random variables. Most of the studies in this direction have focused on the calculation of only the average of these quantities. However, since the complete information about a random variable is encoded in its distribution, it is more informative to examine the latter itself. In this work, the authors derive exact probability density function (PDF) expressions for the BER and the channel capacity for an arbitrary irradiance model. In particular, they investigate these exact results for log-normal, gamma-gamma, and K distributions. For the BER analysis, they focus on the binary phase shift keying and quadrature phase shift keying modulation schemes. The authors' analytical reults are found to be in conformity with Monte Carlo simulations. The exact PDFs of the BER and the channel capacity reveal that there are several instances when the average is unable to capture the actual behaviour of these quantities, and therefore one must be careful in drawing conclusions based on the first moment only.",
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} | s2 | Exact distributions for bit error rate and channel capacity in free-space optical communication
Bit error rate (BER) and channel capacity are two important metrics to assess the performance of free-space optical communication (FSOC) systems. Due to the fading of the optical signal owing to the atmospheric effects, these two quantities behave as random variables. Most of the studies in this direction have focused on the calculation of only the average of these quantities. However, since the complete information about a random variable is encoded in its distribution, it is more informative to examine the latter itself. In this work, the authors derive exact probability density function (PDF) expressions for the BER and the channel capacity for an arbitrary irradiance model. In particular, they investigate these exact results for log-normal, gamma-gamma, and K distributions. For the BER analysis, they focus on the binary phase shift keying and quadrature phase shift keying modulation schemes. The authors' analytical reults are found to be in conformity with Monte Carlo simulations. The exact PDFs of the BER and the channel capacity reveal that there are several instances when the average is unable to capture the actual behaviour of these quantities, and therefore one must be careful in drawing conclusions based on the first moment only. | v3-fos |
2020-10-28T18:49:58.086Z | 2020-06-30T00:00:00.000Z | 225748910 | {
"abstract": "This community service activity aims to provide Quality Communication Training by Using the Communication Pattern of Youth Groups of Almu'awwanah Mosque. This activity was held for one full day, starting at 8:00 to 16:00 WIB. The material provided was in the form of communication quality training using communication patterns of youth groups of the Al-Mu'awwanah mosque. The total number of participants as many as 50 youth. The majority of whom came from members of the Al-Muawwanah mosque, and by adolescents in the Yellow Bamboo Village. The service activities provided result in 1) Being able to improve the quality of communication, 2) Adding experience in group communication patterns to strengthen group communication relationships for youth and Youth Al-Mu'awwanah Mosque, 3) Having quality communication within and fellow group members, 4) Creating close friendships in groups, 5) Able to run the youth program well according to the purpose, 6) Able to realize the mosque management program and the most important of these community service activities is being able to reactivate mosque teenagers.",
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} | s2 | Training in Improving The Quality of Communication Using the Communication Patterns of Adolescent Students of Al-Mu'awwanah Mosque
This community service activity aims to provide Quality Communication Training by Using the Communication Pattern of Youth Groups of Almu'awwanah Mosque. This activity was held for one full day, starting at 8:00 to 16:00 WIB. The material provided was in the form of communication quality training using communication patterns of youth groups of the Al-Mu'awwanah mosque. The total number of participants as many as 50 youth. The majority of whom came from members of the Al-Muawwanah mosque, and by adolescents in the Yellow Bamboo Village. The service activities provided result in 1) Being able to improve the quality of communication, 2) Adding experience in group communication patterns to strengthen group communication relationships for youth and Youth Al-Mu'awwanah Mosque, 3) Having quality communication within and fellow group members, 4) Creating close friendships in groups, 5) Able to run the youth program well according to the purpose, 6) Able to realize the mosque management program and the most important of these community service activities is being able to reactivate mosque teenagers. | v3-fos |
2019-05-08T13:30:04.737Z | 2016-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | 147192170 | {
"abstract": "readers are introduced to several different approaches to CDA: Norman Fairclough on his dialectical-relational approach and Teun van Dijk on his sociocognitive approach, and illustrations of CDA in action by Jan Blommaert and Jef Verschueren on ‘othering’ of immigrants and Ruth Wodak on racist and anti-Semitic discourse. DR features several new chapters in this third edition that seek to provide an updated account of the field, with many of these commissioned specifically for the reader. In addition to the chapters by Norman Fairclough and Ron Scollon in Part 1, there are new extracts from Paul Baker and Tony McEnery, and Chrispin Thurlow that illustrate how corpus methodologies are being used to explore aspects of social power and ideology more broadly (Part 6), a chapter by Geoffrey Raymond and Jack Sidnell providing readers with an updated introduction to the modus operandi of a CA approach (Part 3), and new extracts from work by Barbara Johnstone and Gerlinde Mautner which illustrate how multimodal features can also be implicated in the exploration of identity construction and group belonging (Part 5). For some readers, one collection may be immediately more relevant to their research, study or teaching purposes. However, due to their different scopes, both collections would be valuable for any discourse studies student or researcher. Readers can expect to gain insight and exposure to theorists that will help in their overall development as a discourse analyst or theorist. These two collections have contributed to my own ongoing development in the field of discourse analysis in different ways. DR helped me consolidate my understanding of the analytical approaches to discourse and to distinguish between the different theoretical traditions and the way these traditions approach linguistic data. DSR, on the other hand, broadened my knowledge of the (interdisciplinary) theoretical roots and key questions that have influenced much of the work discourse researchers do today. It also provided a historical narrative on the development of the field and introduced work by French scholars that has not been previously available in English. With its focus on theoretical discussions, however, DSR was a more difficult read. In making their selections, the editors assume a lot more background knowledge on the part of the reader. Many of the extracts selected were incredibly dense, and at times it was also difficult to keep track of the reason why a particular text was included in a section. While this is not the fault of the editors (discourse theory like many fields of scientific inquiry is a theoretically dense area), it may suggest that DSR is better suited to those who have already built up background knowledge in the study of discourse and are interested in developing a broader, more interdisciplinary account of the field and its theoretical groundings.",
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},
{
"count": 1,
"token": "Verschueren"
},
{
"count": 1,
"token": "‘othering’"
},
{
"count": 1,
"token": "immigrants"
},
{
"count": 1,
"token": "Ruth"
},
{
"count": 1,
"token": "Wodak"
},
{
"count": 1,
"token": "racist"
},
{
"count": 1,
"token": "anti-Semitic"
},
{
"count": 1,
"token": "discourse."
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{
"count": 1,
"token": "third"
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],
"year": 2016
} | s2 | Book review: Chong Han, Metaphor and Entertainment: A Corpus-Based Approach to Language in Chinese Online News
readers are introduced to several different approaches to CDA: Norman Fairclough on his dialectical-relational approach and Teun van Dijk on his sociocognitive approach, and illustrations of CDA in action by Jan Blommaert and Jef Verschueren on ‘othering’ of immigrants and Ruth Wodak on racist and anti-Semitic discourse. DR features several new chapters in this third edition that seek to provide an updated account of the field, with many of these commissioned specifically for the reader. In addition to the chapters by Norman Fairclough and Ron Scollon in Part 1, there are new extracts from Paul Baker and Tony McEnery, and Chrispin Thurlow that illustrate how corpus methodologies are being used to explore aspects of social power and ideology more broadly (Part 6), a chapter by Geoffrey Raymond and Jack Sidnell providing readers with an updated introduction to the modus operandi of a CA approach (Part 3), and new extracts from work by Barbara Johnstone and Gerlinde Mautner which illustrate how multimodal features can also be implicated in the exploration of identity construction and group belonging (Part 5). For some readers, one collection may be immediately more relevant to their research, study or teaching purposes. However, due to their different scopes, both collections would be valuable for any discourse studies student or researcher. Readers can expect to gain insight and exposure to theorists that will help in their overall development as a discourse analyst or theorist. These two collections have contributed to my own ongoing development in the field of discourse analysis in different ways. DR helped me consolidate my understanding of the analytical approaches to discourse and to distinguish between the different theoretical traditions and the way these traditions approach linguistic data. DSR, on the other hand, broadened my knowledge of the (interdisciplinary) theoretical roots and key questions that have influenced much of the work discourse researchers do today. It also provided a historical narrative on the development of the field and introduced work by French scholars that has not been previously available in English. With its focus on theoretical discussions, however, DSR was a more difficult read. In making their selections, the editors assume a lot more background knowledge on the part of the reader. Many of the extracts selected were incredibly dense, and at times it was also difficult to keep track of the reason why a particular text was included in a section. While this is not the fault of the editors (discourse theory like many fields of scientific inquiry is a theoretically dense area), it may suggest that DSR is better suited to those who have already built up background knowledge in the study of discourse and are interested in developing a broader, more interdisciplinary account of the field and its theoretical groundings. | v3-fos |
2015-07-20T18:47:21.000Z | 2009-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | 15017620 | {
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} | s2 | A data mining approach for Jet Grouting Uniaxial Compressive Strength prediction
Jet Grouting (JG) is a Geotechnical Engineering technique that is characterized by a great versatility, being the best solution for several soil treatment improvement problems. However, JG lacks design rules and quality control. As the result, the main JG works are planned from empirical rules that are often too conservative. The development of rational models to simulate the effect of the different parameters involved in the JG process is of primary importance in order to satisfy the binomial safety-economy that is required in any engineering project. In this work, three data mining models, i.e. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Functional Networks (FN), were adapted to predict the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of JG laboratory formulations. A comparative study was held, by using a dataset used that was obtained from several studies previously accomplished in University of Minho. We show that the novel data-driven models are able to learn with high accuracy the complex relationships between the UCS of JG laboratory formulations and its contributing factors. | v3-fos |
End of preview.
OLMo 1124 Pretraining set
Collection of data used to train OLMo2-1124 models. The majority of this dataset comes from DCLM-Baseline with no additional filtering, but we provide the explicit breakdowns below.
| Name | Tokens | Bytes (uncompressed) | Documents | License |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DCLM-Baseline | 3.70T | 21.3TB | 2.95B | CC-BY-4.0 |
| Arxiv | 20.8B | 77.2GB | 3.95M | ODC-BY |
| pes2o | 58.6B | 412GB | 38M | ODC-BY |
| starcoder | 83.0B | 458GB | 78.7M | ODC-BY |
| Algebraic-stack | 11.8B | 44.0GB | 2.83M | ODC-BY |
| OpenWebMath | 12.2B | 47.23GB | 2.89M | ODC-BY |
| Wiki | 3.66B | 18.1GB | 6.17M | ODC-BY |
| Total | 3.90T | 22.4TB | 3.08M | ODC-BY |
Please refer to the OLMo2 Tech Report for further details.
Licensing Information
This collection is released under the Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By) v1.0 license. The use of this dataset is also subject to CommonCrawl's Terms of Use.
Citation
A technical manuscript is forthcoming!
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