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2-Methylcitric acid | CC(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O | Methylcitric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
2-Methylcitric acid | CC(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O | 2-Methylcitric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
2-Methylcitric acid | CC(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O | 2-Methylcitric acid is a natural product found in Ardisia crenata, Psychotria punctata, and other organisms with data available. |
3-(Methylthio)propionic acid | CSCCC(=O)O | 3-(methylthio)propionic acid is a thia fatty acid acid consisting of propionic acid with a methylthio substituent at the 3-position; an intermediate in mammalian methionine metabolism in vitro. The simplest known phytotoxin, it is a blight-inducing toxin produced by the cassava pathogen Xanthomonas campestris manihotis. It has a role as a phytotoxin. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-(methylthio)propionate. |
Aminocaproic acid | C(CCC(=O)O)CCN | 6-aminohexanoic acid is an epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. It has a role as an antifibrinolytic drug, a hematologic agent and a metabolite. It is an epsilon-amino acid and an omega-amino fatty acid. It is functionally related to a hexanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 6-aminohexanoate. It is a tautomer of a 6-aminohexanoic acid zwitterion. |
Aminocaproic acid | C(CCC(=O)O)CCN | An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties. |
Aminocaproic acid | C(CCC(=O)O)CCN | Aminocaproic acid is an Antifibrinolytic Agent. The physiologic effect of aminocaproic acid is by means of Decreased Fibrinolysis. |
Aminocaproic acid | C(CCC(=O)O)CCN | Aminocaproic Acid is a synthetic lysine derivative with antifibrinolytic activity. Aminocaproic acid competitively inhibits activation of plasminogen, thereby reducing conversion of plasminogen to plasmin (fibrinolysin), an enzyme that degrades fibrin clots as well as fibrinogen and other plasma proteins including the procoagulant factors V and VIII. Aminocaproic acid competitively reduces the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by plasminogen activators. It directly inhibits proteolytic activity of plasmin, but higher doses are required than are needed to reduce plasmin formation. Aminocaproic acid is used in the treatment of hemorrhage and prophylactically against hemorrhage, including hyperfibrinolysis-induced hemorrhage and postsurgical hemorrhage. |
Aminocaproic acid | C(CCC(=O)O)CCN | An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties. |
Fosmidomycin | C(CN(C=O)O)CP(=O)(O)O | Fosmidomycin is propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor and a bacterial metabolite. It is a member of phosphonic acids and a hydroxamic acid. |
Fosmidomycin | C(CN(C=O)O)CP(=O)(O)O | Fosmidomycin is a natural product found in Streptomyces lavendulae and Arabidopsis thaliana with data available. |
creatinine | CN1CC(=O)N=C1N | Creatinine is a lactam obtained by formal cyclocondensation of creatine. It is a metabolite of creatine. It has a role as a diagnostic agent and a human metabolite. It is a lactam and an imidazolidinone. It is functionally related to a creatine. |
creatinine | CN1CC(=O)N=C1N | Creatinine is the breakdown product of creatine, a constituent of muscle tissue, that is excreted by the kidney and whose serum level is used to evaluate kidney function. |
2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid | C(CS(=O)(=O)O)S | Coenzyme M is an organosulfonic acid consisting of sulfonic acid having a 2-mercaptoethyl group attached to sulfur. It has a role as a coenzyme. It is an organosulfonic acid and a thiol. It is a conjugate acid of a coenzyme M(1-). |
2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid | C(CS(=O)(=O)O)S | Coenzyme M (commonly known by its salt form, Mesna) is a synthetic sulfhydryl (thiol) compound and is used for prophylaxis of Ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis. |
2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid | C(CS(=O)(=O)O)S | 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid is a Cytoprotective Agent. |
2-Mercaptoethanesulfonic acid | C(CS(=O)(=O)O)S | A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE. |
Dihydrouracil | C1CNC(=O)NC1=O | 5,6-dihydrouracil is a pyrimidine obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of uracil. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a uracil. |
Dihydrouracil | C1CNC(=O)NC1=O | Dihydrouracil is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Dihydrouracil | C1CNC(=O)NC1=O | Dihydrouracil is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available. |
7,8-Diaminononanoic acid | CC(C(CCCCCC(=O)O)N)N | 7,8-diaminononanoic acid is an amino fatty acid carrying amino substituents at positions 7 and 8. Some of its isomers are naturally occurring intermediates of biotin synthesis, and targets of antimicrobial and herbicide development. It is an amino monocarboxylic acid and an amino fatty acid. It is functionally related to a nonanoic acid. It is a conjugate base of a 7,8-diaminononanoate cation. It is a conjugate acid of a 7,8-diaminononanoate. |
7,8-Diaminononanoic acid | CC(C(CCCCCC(=O)O)N)N | 7,8-Diaminononanoate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
7,8-Diaminononanoic acid | CC(C(CCCCCC(=O)O)N)N | 7,8-Diaminononanoic acid is a natural product found in Daphnia pulex with data available. |
7,8-Diaminononanoic acid | CC(C(CCCCCC(=O)O)N)N | 7,8-diaminononanoic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | C(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O | Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a member of glycerone phosphates. It is functionally related to a dihydroxyacetone. It is a conjugate acid of a glycerone phosphate(2-). |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | C(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O | Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is an important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate has been investigated for the treatment of Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Diffuse. |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | C(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O | Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | C(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O | Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a natural product found in Vigna radiata, Salmonella enterica, and other organisms with data available. |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | C(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O | Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | C(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O | An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis. |
Dihydroxyacetone | C(C(=O)CO)O | Dihydroxyacetone is a ketotriose consisting of acetone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 3. The simplest member of the class of ketoses and the parent of the class of glycerones. It has a role as a metabolite, an antifungal agent, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a ketotriose and a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone. |
Dihydroxyacetone | C(C(=O)CO)O | Dihydroxyacetone is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Dihydroxyacetone | C(C(=O)CO)O | Dihydroxyacetone is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Agave americana, and other organisms with data available. |
Dihydroxyacetone | C(C(=O)CO)O | Dihydroxyacetone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Dihydroxyacetone | C(C(=O)CO)O | A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent. |
Glutaric acid | C(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O | Glutaric acid appears as colorless crystals or white solid. (NTP, 1992) |
Glutaric acid | C(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O | Glutaric acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a glutarate(1-) and a glutarate. |
Glutaric acid | C(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O | Glutaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Glutaric acid | C(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O | Glutaric acid is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. The accumulation of glutaric acid ranging from slightly or intermittently elevated urinary glutaric acid to gross organic aciduria occurs in Glutaric aciduria. Glutaric aciduria type 1 is an autosomal-recessive disorder resulting from a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH) which is involved in the metabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan. Glutaric aciduria type I lead to nonspecific developmental delay, hypotonia, and macrocephaly with cerebral atrophy of prenatal onset. Treatment is mainly based on restriction of lysine intake, supplementation of carnitine, and an intensification of therapy during intercurrent illnesses. The major principle of dietary treatment is to reduce the production of glutaric acid and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid by restriction of natural protein in general and of lysine in particular. (A3441, A3442). |
Glycocyamine | C(C(=O)O)N=C(N)N | Guanidinoacetic acid is the N-amidino derivative of glycine. It has a role as a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a nutraceutical, a rat metabolite and a bacterial metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a guanidinoacetate. It is a tautomer of a guanidinoacetic acid zwitterion. |
Glycocyamine | C(C(=O)O)N=C(N)N | Guanidinoacetic acid is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.
Guanidoacetic acid is a metabolite in the Urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups, and in the metabolic pathways of several amino acids. This includes glycine, serine, threonine, arginine and proline metabolism. Guanidinoacetic acid is also a precursor of creatine, an essential substrate for muscle energy metabolism. |
Carbonic Acid | C(=O)(O)O | Carbonic acid is a carbon oxoacid and a chalcocarbonic acid. It has a role as a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a hydrogencarbonate. |
Carbonic Acid | C(=O)(O)O | Carbonic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Carbonic Acid | C(=O)(O)O | Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) |
Carbonic Acid | C(=O)(O)O | See also: Carbon Dioxide (related). |
Bicarbonate | C(=O)(O)[O-] | Hydrogencarbonate is the carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a cofactor. It is a conjugate base of a carbonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a carbonate. |
Bicarbonate | C(=O)(O)[O-] | Hydrogen carbonate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Bicarbonate | C(=O)(O)[O-] | The mechanism of action of bicarbonate ion is as an Alkalinizing Activity. |
Bicarbonate | C(=O)(O)[O-] | Bicarbonate Ion is a polyatomic ion whose formula is HCO3-. |
Bicarbonate | C(=O)(O)[O-] | Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity. |
Histamine | C1=C(NC=N1)CCN | Histamine is a member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted at position C-4 by a 2-aminoethyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a neurotransmitter. It is an aralkylamino compound and a member of imidazoles. It is a conjugate base of a histaminium. |
Histamine | C1=C(NC=N1)CCN | A depressor amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter. |
Histamine | C1=C(NC=N1)CCN | Histamine is a natural product found in Hippospongia communis, Ramalina fraxinea, and other organisms with data available. |
Histamine | C1=C(NC=N1)CCN | Histamine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Histamine | C1=C(NC=N1)CCN | An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter. |
Indole-3-acetic acid | C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(=O)O | Indole-3-acetic acid is a monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group. It has a role as a plant hormone, a human metabolite, a plant metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an auxin. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a member of indole-3-acetic acids. It is a conjugate acid of an indole-3-acetate. |
Indole-3-acetic acid | C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(=O)O | Indoleacetic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Indole-3-acetic acid | C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(=O)O | Indole-3-acetic acid is a natural product found in Salix atrocinerea, Mus musculus, and other organisms with data available. |
Indole-3-acetic acid | C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(=O)O | Indoleacetic acid is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.
Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is a breakdown product of tryptophan metabolism and is often produced by the action of bacteria in the mammalian gut. Some endogenous production of IAA in mammalian tissues also occurs. It may be produced by the decarboxylation of tryptamine or the oxidative deamination of tryptophan. IAA frequently occurs at low levels in urine and has been found in elevated levels in the urine of patients with phenylketonuria ( Using material extracted from human urine, it was discovered by Kogl in 1933 that Indoleacetic acid is also an important plant hormone Specifically IAA is a member of the group of phytohormones called auxins. IAA is generally considered to be the most important native auxin. Plant cells synthesize IAA from tryptophan. IAA and some derivatives can be oxidised by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to cytotoxic species. IAA is only toxic after oxidative decarboxylation; the effect of IAA/HRP is thought to be due in part to the formation of methylene-oxindole, which may conjugate with DNA bases and protein thiols. IAA/HRP could be used as the basis for targeted cancer therapy involving antibody-, polymer-, or gene-directed approaches, a potential new role for plant auxins in cancer therapy. (A3268, A3269). |
Indole-3-acetic acid | C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC(=O)O | indole-3-acetate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Potassium ion | [K+] | Potassium(1+) is a monoatomic monocation obtained from potassium. It has a role as a human metabolite and a cofactor. It is an alkali metal cation, an elemental potassium, a monovalent inorganic cation and a monoatomic monocation. |
Potassium ion | [K+] | Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential—a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity. |
Potassium ion | [K+] | Potassium cation is a Potassium Salt and Osmotic Laxative. The mechanism of action of potassium cation is as an Osmotic Activity. The physiologic effect of potassium cation is by means of Increased Large Intestinal Motility and Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption. |
Potassium ion | [K+] | Potassium ion is a natural product found in Phytelephas aequatorialis, Apocynum cannabinum, and other organisms with data available. |
Potassium ion | [K+] | Potassium is an essential electrolyte. Potassium balance is crucial for regulating the excitability of nerves and muscles and so critical for regulating contractility of cardiac muscle. Although the most important changes seen in the presence of deranged potassium are cardiac, smooth muscle is also affected with increasing muscle weakness, a feature of both hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Potassium (K+) is a positively charged electrolyte, cation, which is present throughout the body in both intracellular and extracellular fluids. The majority of body potassium, >90%, are intracellular. It moves freely from intracellular fluid (ICF) to extracellular fluid (ECF) and vice versa when adenosine triphosphate increases the permeability of the cell membrane. It is mainly replaced inside or outside the cells by another cation, sodium (Na+). The movement of potassium into or out of the cells is linked to certain body hormones and also to certain physiological states. Standard laboratory tests measure ECF potassium. Potassium enters the body rapidly during food ingestion. Insulin is produced when a meal is eaten; this causes the temporary movement of potassium from ECF to ICF. Over the ensuing hours, the kidneys excrete the ingested potassium and homeostasis is returned. In the critically ill patient, suffering from hyperkalaemia, this mechanism can be manipulated beneficially by administering high concentration (50%) intravenous glucose. Insulin can be added to the glucose, but glucose alone will stimulate insulin production and cause movement of potassium from ECF to ICF. The stimulation of alpha receptors causes increased movement of potassium from ICF to ECF. A noradrenaline infusion can elevate serum potassium levels. An adrenaline infusion, or elevated adrenaline levels, can lower serum potassium levels. Metabolic acidosis causes a rise in extracellular potassium levels. In this situation, excess of hydrogen ions (H+) are exchanged for intracellular potassium ions, probably as a result of the cellular response to a falling blood pH. Metabolic alkalosis causes the opposite effect, with potassium moving into the cells. (A3431). |
Rathyronine | C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC2=C(C=C(C=C2I)CC(C(=O)O)N)I)I)O | 2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid is a phenylalanine derivative. |
Rathyronine | C1=CC(=C(C=C1OC2=C(C=C(C=C2I)CC(C(=O)O)N)I)I)O | Rathyronine is a racemic mixture of liothyronine, a synthetic version of triiodothyronine (T3), the primary active thyroid hormone. Like endogenous T3, DL-liothyronine exerts its many metabolic effects through control of gene expression, thereby resulting in the production of proteins that are involved in normal metabolism, growth, and development. Other physiologic effects of liothyronine include promoting gluconeogenesis, increasing utilization and mobilization of glycogen stores, and elevating basal metabolic rate. |
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid | C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O | 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a tetraric acid that is butanedioic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate. |
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid | C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O | Tartaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid | C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O | Tartaric Acid is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, particularly tamarinds and grapes. Tartaric acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration. Carbon dioxide extends the stomach and provides a negative contrast medium during double contrast radiography. In high doses, this agent acts as a muscle toxin by inhibiting the production of malic acid, which could cause paralysis and maybe death. |
Methylglyoxal | CC(=O)C=O | Methylglyoxal is a clear yellow slightly viscous liquid with a pungent odor. Yellowish-green vapors. Faintly acidic to litmus. (NTP, 1992) |
Methylglyoxal | CC(=O)C=O | Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 2-oxo aldehyde and a member of propanals. |
Methylglyoxal | CC(=O)C=O | Pyruvaldehyde is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Methylglyoxal | CC(=O)C=O | Methylglyoxal is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Sesamum indicum, and other organisms with data available. |
Methylglyoxal | CC(=O)C=O | Pyruvaldehyde is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Methylglyoxal | CC(=O)C=O | An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals. |
Magnesium ion | [Mg+2] | Magnesium(2+) is a magnesium cation, a divalent metal cation and a monoatomic dication. It has a role as a cofactor and a geroprotector. |
Magnesium ion | [Mg+2] | Magnesium hydroxide is used primarily in "Milk of Magnesia", a white aqueous, mildly alkaline suspension of magnesium hydroxide formulated at about 8%w/v. Milk of magnesia is primarily used to alleviate constipation, but can also be used to relieve indigestion and heartburn. When taken internally by mouth as a laxative, the osmotic force of the magnesia suspension acts to draw fluids from the body and to retain those already within the lumen of the intestine, serving to distend the bowel, thus stimulating nerves within the colon wall, inducing peristalsis and resulting in evacuation of colonic contents. |
Magnesium ion | [Mg+2] | Magnesium cation is a Calculi Dissolution Agent and Osmotic Laxative. The mechanism of action of magnesium cation is as a Magnesium Ion Exchange Activity and Osmotic Activity. The physiologic effect of magnesium cation is by means of Inhibition Small Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption and Increased Large Intestinal Motility and Stimulation Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Secretion and Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption. |
Magnesium ion | [Mg+2] | Magnesium ion is a natural product found in Phytelephas aequatorialis, Montanoa frutescens, and other organisms with data available. |
Magnesium ion | [Mg+2] | Magnesium is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
N1-acetylspermine | CC(=O)NCCCNCCCCNCCCN | N(1)-acetylspermine is an acetylspermine carrying an acetyl group at position N(1). It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a member of acetamides and an acetylspermine. It is a conjugate base of a N(1)-acetylsperminium(3+). |
N1-acetylspermine | CC(=O)NCCCNCCCCNCCCN | N1-acetylspermine is a natural product found in Homo sapiens and Bos taurus with data available. |
N1-acetylspermine | CC(=O)NCCCNCCCCNCCCN | N1-Acetylspermine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Sodium ion | [Na+] | Sodium(1+) is a monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. It has a role as a human metabolite and a cofactor. It is an alkali metal cation, an elemental sodium, a monovalent inorganic cation and a monoatomic monocation. |
Sodium ion | [Na+] | Sodium cation is an Osmotic Laxative. The mechanism of action of sodium cation is as an Osmotic Activity. The physiologic effect of sodium cation is by means of Increased Large Intestinal Motility, and Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption. |
Sodium ion | [Na+] | Sodium ion is a natural product found in Phytelephas aequatorialis, Montanoa frutescens, and other organisms with data available. |
Sodium ion | [Na+] | Sodium is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Nicotinate | C1=CC(=CN=C1)C(=O)[O-] | Nicotinate is a pyridinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of nicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. It has a role as a metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a pyridinemonocarboxylate and a vitamin B3. It is a conjugate base of a nicotinic acid. |
Nicotinate | C1=CC(=CN=C1)C(=O)[O-] | A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. |
Nitrate | [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] | Nitrate is a nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3. It is a nitrogen oxoanion, a member of reactive nitrogen species and a monovalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a nitric acid. |
Nitrate | [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] | Nitrate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Nitrate | [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] | Nitrate is a class of ester compounds of nitric acid (HNO3) and alcohols. |
Nitrate | [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] | In inorganic chemistry, a nitrate is a salt of nitric acid. In organic chemistry the esters of nitric acid and various alcohols are called nitrates. The nitrate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula NO3- and a molecular mass of 62.01 daltons; it consists of one central nitrogen atom surrounded by three identical oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. The nitrate ion carries a negative one formal charge. Nitrates should not be confused with nitrites, the salts of nitrous acid. Organic compounds containing the nitro functional group (which has the same formula and structure as the nitrate ion save that one of the O2 atoms is replaced by the R group) are known as nitro compounds. Nitrate ions can be toxic. In particular, nitrate toxicosis in humans occurs through enterohepatic metabolism of nitrates to ammonia, with nitrite being an intermediate. Nitrites oxidize the iron atoms in hemoglobin from Ferrous Iron (2+) to Ferric Iron (3+), rendering it unable to carry oxygen. This condition is called methemoglobinemia and can lead to a lack of oxygen in tissues. Methemoglobinemia can be treated with methylene blue. -- Wikipedia. |
Nitrate | [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] | Nitrate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Nitrate | [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] | Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. |
Nitrate | [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] | See also: Glyceryl 1,2-Dinitrate (related). |
Nitroxyl | N=O | Nitroxyl is a nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom nouble-bonded to an NH group. |
Nitrite | N(=O)[O-] | Nitrites, inorganic, n.o.s. appears as colorless solutions or crystalline solids. Denser than water. Contact may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals. |
Nitrite | N(=O)[O-] | Nitrite is the nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitrous acid. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a nitrogen oxoanion, a member of reactive nitrogen species and a monovalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a nitrous acid. |