text
stringlengths 0
3.52k
|
---|
Annex 1D: Sample list of district reporting sites ................................ ................................ ......... 94 |
Annex 1E: Laboratory functions by health system level ................................ ................................ .. 95 |
Annex 1F: Responsibilities of Laboratory Focal Persons at All Levels ................................ ........... 98 |
Annex 1G: List of Natio nal Reference laboratories for confirming priority diseases, conditions and |
events ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 100 |
Annex 1H: Sample verification tool for unusual health events ................................ ...................... 102 |
SECTION 2: REPORT PRIORITY DISEASES, CONDITIONS AND EVENTS ..................... 104 |
2.0 Report priority diseases, conditions and events ................................ ................................ ........ 104 |
2.1 Immediate reportable diseases, conditions and events ................................ .............................. 105 |
2.1.1 Report case -based information to the next level ................................ ................................ 106 |
2.1.2 Notifying a potential PHEIC under IHR (2005) ................................ ................................ 108 |
2.1.3 Reporting events from community sources ................................ ................................ ........ 108 |
2.2 Summarize immediate and weekl y reportable diseases ................................ ............................ 109 |
2.2.1 Weekly reporting of immediate notifiable diseases ................................ ........................... 109 |
2.2.2 Zero reporting ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 110 |
2.3 Report monthly and quarterly rou tine summary information for other diseases of public health |
importance ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 110 |
2.4 Improve routine reporting practices ................................ ................................ .......................... 111 |
2.4.1 Support supervision to improve reporting at health facilities ................................ ............ 111 |
2.4.2 Keeping records and procedures for managing reporti ng forms ................................ ........ 112 |
2.4.3 Perform periodic checks on data quality ................................ ................................ ............ 112 |
2.4.4 Enhance linkages to strengthen community -based surveillance ................................ ........ 113 |
2.4.5 Strengthen linkages between Laboratory and Surveillance information ........................... 113 |
2.4.6 Promote a One Health approach to strengthen rep orting ................................ ................... 114 |
2.5 Data protection and security to protect patients confidentially ................................ ................. 114 |
Annexes to SECTION 2 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 115 |
Annex 2A: IHR 2005 Decision Instrument ................................ ................................ ..................... 116 |
Annex 2B: Algorithm of reporting immediate notifiable diseases/conditions/events .................... 117 |
Annex 2C: Community alert reporting form ................................ ................................ ................... 118 |
Annex 2D: Commun ity-Based Surveillance (CBS) Suspected Diseases and Public Health Events |
Monthly Log Sheet ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 120 |
Annex 2E: Reporting Structure for comm unity alert and verification ................................ ............ 121 |
Annex 2F: Generic case -based reporting form ................................ ................................ ............... 122 |
Annex 2G: Sample case -based laboratory reporting form ................................ .............................. 124 |
Annex 2H: Weekly summary reporting form ................................ ................................ ................. 125 |
Annex 2I: IDSR reports and data sharing logbook ................................ ................................ ......... 132 |
Annex 2J: District level IDSR data quality audit checklist ................................ ............................. 133 |
Annex 2K: Maternal and perinatal death -reporting form reporting forms ................................ ...... 136 |
Annex 2L: Ministry of Health Epidemiological week format, 2019 -2020 ................................ ..... 140 |
SECTION 3: ANALYSE AND INTERPRET DATA ................................ ................................ .... 144 |
3.0 Analyse data ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 144 |
3.1 Receive, handle and store data from health facilities ................................ ................................ 145 |
3.1.1 Receive data ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 145 |
3.1.2 Enter and clean data ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 146 |
3.2 Analyse data by time, place and person ................................ ................................ .................... 147 |
3.2.1 Measures of central tendency and dispersion ................................ ................................ ..... 148 |
3.2.2 Analyse data by time ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 151 |
3.2.3 Analyse data by place ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 154 |
3.2.4 Analyse data by person ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 155 |
3.2.5 Make a tab le for person analysis ................................ ................................ ........................ 157 |
3.2.6 Calculate the percentage of cases occurring within a given age group .............................. 158 |
3.2.7 Calculate the attack rates ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 160 |
3.2.8 Calculate a case fatality rate ................................ ................................ ............................... 160 |
3.3 Alert and action thresholds for public health action ................................ ................................ . 161 |
3.4 Draw conclusions from the findings to generate information ................................ ................... 162 |
3.5 Summarize and use the analysis to improve public health action ................................ ............. 164 |
Annexes for S ECTION 3 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 164 |
Annex 3A: Plan for routine analysis of surveillance information ................................ ................... 165 |
Annex 3B: How to manually make a line graph ................................ ................................ ............. 167 |
SECTION 4: INV ESTIGATE SUSPECTED OUTBREAKS AND OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH |
EVENTS 169 |
4.0 Investigate suspected outbreaks and other public health events ................................ ............... 169 |
4.0.1 Purpose of an investigation ................................ ................................ ................................ 169 |
4.0.2 Decision to investigate a reported outbreak or public health event ................................ ... 172 |
4.0.3 Verify the reported information ................................ ................................ ......................... 172 |
4.0.4 Record reported outbreaks , public health events and alerts ................................ ............... 173 |
4.1 Prepare to conduct an outbreak investigation ................................ ................................ ........... 173 |
4.1.1 Mobilize National and District Rapi d Response Team (NRRT/DRRT) ............................ 173 |
4.1.2 Specify tasks for the RRT members ................................ ................................ ................... 174 |
4.1.3 Define super vision and communication lines ................................ ................................ .... 175 |
4.1.4 Decide where the investigation will take place ................................ ................................ .. 175 |
4.1.5 Obtain the required authorizations ................................ ................................ ..................... 175 |
4.1.6 Finalize forms and methods for collecting information and specimens ............................. 175 |
4.1.7 Arrange transportation and other logistics ................................ ................................ ......... 176 |
4.1.8 Gather supplies for collecting laboratory specimens ................................ ......................... 176 |
4.2 Verify and confirm the outbreak or event ................................ ................................ ................. 176 |
4.2.1 Review the clinical and exposure history ................................ ................................ ........... 176 |
4.2.2 Coll ect laboratory specimens and obtain laboratory results to confirm the diagnosis ....... 177 |
4.3 Define and search for additional cases ................................ ................................ ...................... 177 |
4.3.1 Define a case ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 177 |
4.3.2 Isolate and manage cases ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 178 |
4.3.3 Search for additional cases and contacts ................................ ................................ ............ 178 |
4.3.4 Quar antine contacts of highly infectious diseases ................................ ............................. 179 |
4.4 Develop a line list ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 179 |
4.5 Analyse data about the outbreak ................................ ................................ ............................... 180 |
4.5.1 Interpret results of th e analysis ................................ ................................ .......................... 180 |
4.5.2 Analyse data and generate hypothesis ................................ ................................ ................ 183 |
4.6 Report wri ting and dissemination of findings ................................ ................................ ........... 184 |
4.7 Implement prevention and control measures ................................ ................................ ............ 184 |
4.8 Conduct an assessment to determine if the event is a potential Public Health Emergency of |
Inter national Concern (PHEIC) ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 185 |
4.8.1 Maintain and intensify surveillance ................................ ................................ ................... 185 |
4.9 Conducting regular risk assessment after the outbreak has been confirmed ............................. 186 |
Annexes to S ECTION 4 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 187 |
Annex 4A: District log of suspected outbreaks and alerts ................................ .............................. 188 |
Annex 4B: Checklist of laboratory supplies for use in an outbreak investigation .......................... 189 |
Annex 4C: Recommended list of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ................................ ....... 191 |