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April is in the middle of the dry season, which runs from January through May in this region, and naturally coincides with fire season. Farmers often use fire to return nutrients to the soil and to clear the ground of unwanted plants. Fire helps enhance crops and grasses for pasture. Some of the fires in this image may be wildfires, with natural (lightning) or accidental (human) sources. As the dry season progresses, the number of fires tend to grow, as does the blanket of smoke which settles over the land, and although the fire may help the farmers get their lands ready for planting season, unfortunately, the fires also produce smoke that degrades air quality. This natural-color satellite image was collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra satellite on April 24, 2014. Actively burning areas, detected by MODIS's thermal bands, are outlined in red. Each hot spot, which appears as a red mark, is an area where the thermal detectors on the MODIS instrument recognized temperatures higher than background. When accompanied by plumes of smoke, as in this image, such hot spots are diagnostic for fire. |Contact: Rob Gutro| NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-news-1/Fires-in-the-Yucatan-Peninsula-in-April-2014-35336-1/

NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising. Friday, February 12, 2016 The spine is an intricate structure of bones, muscles, and other tissues that form the posterior part of the body's trunk, from the skull to the pelvis. The centerpiece is the spinal column, which not only supports the upper body’s weight but houses and protects the spinal cord — the delicate nervous system structure that carries signals that control the body’s movements and convey its sensations to and from the brain. The spinal column consists of 5 regions, made up of 33 bones called vertebrae. Cervical Region – The top seven vertebrae make up the cervical region (labeled C1–C7). The first of these vertebrae supports the skull. Thoracic Region - Each of these twelve vertebrae supports a pair of ribs (labeled T1–T12). Lumbar Region – These are the five largest and strongest vertebrae (labeled L1–L5). This area of the spine, as well as its surrounding tissues, can cause "low back pain". Sacral and Coccygeal Regions - The sacrum is made up of five fused vertebrae. The coccyx is made up of four fused vertebrae. Stacked on top of one another, the vertebrae form the spinal column, also known as the spine. Each of these bones contains a roundish hole that, when stacked in register with all the others, creates a channel (the "spinal canal") that surrounds the spinal cord. The spinal cord descends from the base of the brain and extends in the adult to just below the rib cage. Small nerves ("roots") enter and emerge from the spinal cord through spaces between the vertebrae called "foramina" (singular is "foramen"), or "neuroforamina". Because the bones of the spinal column continue growing long after the spinal cord reaches its full length in early childhood, the nerve roots to the lower back and legs extend many inches down the spinal column before exiting. This large bundle of nerve roots was dubbed by early anatomists as the cauda equina, or horse’s tail. The spaces between the vertebrae are maintained by round, spongy pads of cartilage called intervertebral discs that allow for flexibility in the lower back and act much like shock absorbers throughout the spinal column to cushion the bones as the body moves. Bands of tissue known as ligaments and tendons hold the vertebrae in place and attach the muscles to the spinal column. Source: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - Low Back Pain Fact Sheet Last Reviewed: Apr 28, 2009 David J Hart, MD Associate Professor of Neurosurgery School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University

http://netwellness.uc.edu/healthtopics/spinal/spineintro.cfm