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MR PRIOR
May I proceed Mr Chairman?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.24962
8.829064
-1
CHAIRPERSON
Yes.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
14.576262
19.924894
3
MR PRIOR
Mr Chairman, the matter which proceeds this morning, the 28th April 1998 is the Amnesty Application of Thabiso James Makoala, No. 6026/97 and Phila Martin Dolo, No. 3485/96. The event is the Zastron Mayaphuti Bridge attack on the vehicle of a Mr Griesel and that occurred during November 1992. May I inform the Committee that Mr Griesel was injured in that attack, not fatally, he has subsequently died, he committed suicide, Mr Chairman, if that evidence will be forthcoming - that's why on the schedule before you in brackets "deceased" appears there. The two other victims who were with Mr Griesel at the time were Mr Tladi and Mr Ndeleni have been informed. Mr Ndeleni is present and I understand Mr Tladi had worked night shift and was unable to attend this morning and in no doubt if necessary his presence will be secured. The victim Mr Ndeleni will rely on the services of the evidence leader, that is myself, P.C. Prior. The implicated person Mr Letlapa Mphahlele I understand is present and is informed of the proceedings and the two applicants are represented by their respective attorneys. Thank you Mr Chairman.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
9.429839
8.925325
1,046
CHAIRPERSON
Thank you.
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https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-13.806621
-5.42799
800
MR MBANDAZAYO
Thank you Mr Chairman. Mbandazayo's my name, I'm representing Phila Martin Dolo, Mr Chairman.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.546016
8.522761
-1
MR MTHEMBU
Mr Chairman, Mthembu, I represent Mr Makoala.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.296852
7.964207
-1
MR PRIOR
Mr Chairman, before we proceed, may the bundle that was prepared be marked "A" and there was a supplementary - there was copies of photographs, that they may be marked "B". Mr Chairman to some extent this is a overrun of the photographs already appearing but to avoid confusion, maybe mark that "B" and I understand that Mr Dolo and Mr Makoala have filed supplementary affidavits to their applications this morning. I think Mr Dolo is going to be kicking off so could that affidavit be marked "C", the affidavit of Mr Dolo and the affidavit of Mr Makoalo, "D". Thank you Mr Chairman.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
8.019296
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CHAIRPERSON
Now gentlemen do you agree with that numbering?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
1.353577
6.737069
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MR MBANDAZAYO
Yes Mr Chairman I agree.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.165598
8.557246
2,538
MR MTHEMBU
Correct Mr Chairman.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-0.394623
13.62634
384
CHAIRPERSON
Right, carry on.
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15
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-7.232538
-4.492809
169
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
(sworn states)
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-10.906466
15.983614
217
MR MBANDAZAYO
Mr Dolo, do you confirm the affidavit which is before the Committee that it was made by you and you abide by it's contents?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
8.03328
-1.026492
613
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
I do.
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https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
18
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-0.397103
-9.895099
313
MR MBANDAZAYO
Mr Chairman, as usual Mr Chairman, I won't go to - I'll go to paragraph - I'll start with paragraph 6 of his affidavit, Mr Chairman. I'll read the paragraph - "The target was identified by myself, the armament used in the operation was organised by myself in my capacity as a Regional Commander, I was charged with the task of getting the ball rolling operationally and intelligence wise and I was reporting directly to the Director of Operations regarding my activities and operations before and after they have taken place. I was therefore always having cadres at my disposal as I was involved in training new recruits." Now, Mr Dolo, for the benefit of the Committee, tell the Committee how did you identify the target?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.24823
4.962474
3,314
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
As stated in my application, that I was the commander of the unit. I was having subordinates, recruits and some other cadres were under my control. They were involved in information gathering about targets that have to be attacked and that information would be submitted to me and I would make an overall rule of which target do I choose that have to be attacked and which one does not have to be attacked, so I was the one therefore who was identifying the targets and after that I would report to my superiors prior to the attack and after the attack.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.477995
4.433349
-1
MR MBANDAZAYO
Can you also for the benefit of the Committee, tell the Committee how did you organise the armament, that is the weapons used in the operation?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
7.58626
1.684445
2,088
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
As the Regional Commander, when I arrived in that region or area, the way armaments that were there, the Commander was informed of them, they were under my control so I was the one therefore would be in charge of those arms I will just be ...[inaudible] in that way.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
7.393157
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CHAIRPERSON
You've been asked how you identified the target and you've explained that you got information from people under you. Would you please tell us what target you identified?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.335413
3.947394
3,320
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Like the one we are dealing with it now here?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-0.528731
3.765218
-1
CHAIRPERSON
The one you're asking amnesty in respect of. I would like to know what target it was?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
9.947804
9.264411
1,080
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
The one we once dealt about it last week and we're talking about and this one we're dealing with it now. The Zastron Sterkspruit Bridge.
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27
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.434234
2.173782
3,438
MR LAX
Sorry are you saying if I understand you correctly that the target was the bridge or was that the target area?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.24891
3.691443
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
The target was on the side of South Africa, when you passed the bridge, that was the area where the target would be targeted.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.414213
3.835552
3,320
MR LAX
So that was the locality, if you like, if you chose to carry out an attack, is that what you're saying when you talk about target, you really - because target could be used in a whole range of different ways. You identified an area where you would launch an attack. I'm just trying to get this clear?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.349828
3.620015
3,280
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
My unit or those were under me will embark on reconnaissance and surveillance work - that information would be submitted to me and I would be the one therefore to choose which target is to be attacked. So in this case, we are dealing with the cars which were approaching Sterkspruit from the Zastron side.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.074274
2.250461
-1
MR LAX
The question really goes to what you are saying now - was it random which cars you would attack or was purely fortuitous that those cars would arrive at that place at that time or would you have specific information that specific vehicles would be arriving at a specific place? We're trying to understand because a target is usually the end product at which you point a firearm - either a vehicle, a person or a something.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
6.45581
2.098151
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
I was having information about those targets.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.36228
3.868466
3,320
MR LAX
Well expand on that for us please because you're being very quiet about that, tell us more, tell us what information you had, why you chose those targets, what was your objective in relation to those targets. That's what we want to know and unfortunately we haven't had much elaboration on that so far.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.410686
3.901066
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
The targets were from the area of Zastron approaching to Sterkspruit. Some were having businesses around there at Sterkspruit. Some were passing through Sterkspruit to the side of Lady Grey. The one we are talking about now was also from that direction of Zastron to Sterkspruit and the hours they were using to approach that area - it was - they normally used or approached at that area early in the mornings during working hours and the purpose of attacking those were normally or where cars and it's occupants were at that stage - we'll call them settlers or white colonists. The objectives of attacking them were part and parcel liberation of our people and the question of driving them away from the area of Sterkspruit so that we can take it over - Sterkspruit - and as part of liberation of ourselves.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
7.399336
4.189962
1,961
CHAIRPERSON
It's gradually becoming a little clearer to me. Do I understand you to say that persons using that road at that time of the morning were usually people who worked in Sterkspruit and you wanted to drive them out, drive them off the land there, drive them out of Sterkspruit?
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37
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.152837
2.437097
3,335
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
That was part of the object.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
0.328547
3.567215
2,993
CHAIRPERSON
So understandably your people could take over, is that part of the object?
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39
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-0.394506
4.015793
2,920
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Yes.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
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https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
40
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
3.760467
-14.668155
963
MR MBANDAZAYO
May I proceed Mr Chairman? "We were four operatives for the Zastron Mayaphuti Sterkspruit Bridge incident. It was myself, Rogers, Scorpion and then Kleintjie. I was the Commander of the unit, I was carrying R4 rifle. Kleintjie -" Mr Chairman, it's not B8 it's 3.8, Mr Chairman - "3.8 Special, Scorpion also 3.8 Special and Rogers 7.65 Special. At the time of the incident we were staying at Jozannashoek in Transkei." Mr Dolo can you - I know that it has been asked many times - tell the Committee at whose place were you staying at Jozanneshoek in Transkei?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.222579
7.100731
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
I learned a name after all last week, the owner of the house was known by the name of - he was a Chief there of that area - well I think the name was Spitso which was mentioned last week. So we were staying in his house of which we use it as our base.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
3.456103
2.497354
-1
CHAIRPERSON
Sorry, could you?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-1.353872
3.617226
2,054
MR MBANDAZAYO
Speak again?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
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46
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-1.984217
5.22037
-1
CHAIRPERSON
Spitso?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
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https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
47
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
2.979583
6.006249
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Yes.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
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https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
48
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
14.504463
19.868324
3
CHAIRPERSON
Thank you.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
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https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
49
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-13.79935
-5.43627
800
MR MBANDAZAYO
Thank you Mr Chairman. I'll proceed to paragraph 8, Mr Chairman. "I was the only person who knew what was going to happen and I briefed my unit when we arrived at the bridge on the Zastron side. I deployed the unit on the side of the road. I was laying in ambush and the people who we were to attack, the cars whose occupants who were white." Now can you, before you lay this ambush, before you went to the target to the spot where you lay the ambush, can you tell the Committee, from Jozannashoek how did you manage to be at that particular spot where the incident took place? Can you take the Committee through that?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.195847
7.115971
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
We were four of us as mentioned in my affidavit. We went to Sterkspruit, the town of it, where we went to the house of Viyaphuti and arriving there, it was still dark, early in the morning. We found that the house was - inside it was dark, there were no lights which were litten and we thought maybe we'll be waking them early in the morning so we decided to go to another house of another African person. We went to the house of Nopise, I know him as Nopise I don't know whether he has another name and arriving there the lights were on in his house and we knock and he opened for us and I told him that we wanted to go to Zastron and I asked him whether he would be willing to transport us to that place. He thought maybe we wanted the car so why I told we also need him to transport us, to drive it for us and drop us at the other side of Zastron. After some time he went inside his house and I thought maybe he approached his wife and after some times he come back and he agree that he was going to take us to the other side of Zastron and we went to Zastron, to the side of Zastron and ...[inaudible] to that side of Zastron.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
7.685003
3.712105
-1
MR MBANDAZAYO
Yes, now let's go to paragraph, now 8 which I was talking about that where you laid the ambush, are you saying to this Committee that all along when you went to Viyaphuti and you went to Nopise and you were dropped at that spot the other, the members of your unit, they didn't know what was going to happen?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.173067
7.230521
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Normally due to our modus operandi, when we're going to embark in any operation, that the Commander will be the only person who knew what is going to happen. As in this case, after arriving at the side of the bridge I briefed my unit of what is going to take place and I deployed them in that side of Zastron and we waited for the car. ADV. SANDI: Sorry, Mr Mbandazayo, where did the members of your unit think they were going up to the point when you told them what the operation was going to be, where did they think they were going?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.992457
5.223683
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
During that period, we embark on these exercises I once mentioned, training exercises which were partly operations and partly exercise. I don't know what was in their minds, maybe they thought it was part of the exercise. ADV. SANDI: When you say you briefed them, what exactly did you say to them?
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.940005
4.514972
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
I told them that we are going to wait for the cars whose occupants were settlers and we are going to ambush it, that's what I told them and I deployed them in the ambush formation.
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Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.591104
2.000372
-1
CHAIRPERSON
Your evidence was you waited for "the" car, was it a particular car that you were waiting for?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
47
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
61
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.992815
1.838496
3,476
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
We, at that stage, we knew that there will be these cars which were coming towards Zastron and anyone that comes will be our target.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
48
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
62
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.961743
2.319741
-1
CHAIRPERSON
But where were these - you said you were being dropped at the side of Zastron?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
49
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
63
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.058193
2.299669
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Yes.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
50
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
64
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
14.514965
19.823359
3
CHAIRPERSON
That isn't near this bridge is it?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
51
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
65
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.318648
2.091896
3,438
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Zastron, I take it to be on the other side of the bridge.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
52
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
66
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.368311
2.153493
3,438
CHAIRPERSON
Well isn't Zastron some distance away from the river?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
53
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
67
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.182364
2.079307
-1
MR MBANDAZAYO
Mr Chairman, just maybe he will answer that. I take it that on the Zastron side of the bridge - the bridge which separates Transkei and the Free State.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
54
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
68
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
7.430063
5.486607
1,907
CHAIRPERSON
Yes, that's over the Orange River isn't it?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
55
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
69
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.136765
2.268487
3,440
MR MBANDAZAYO
Yes Mr Chairman.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
56
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
70
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-7.100306
3.939721
516
CHAIRPERSON
And Zastron is what, fifteen kilometres from there?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
57
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
71
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.127039
1.946881
-1
MR MBANDAZAYO
It's fifteen kilometres from that bridge but Zastron starts at the bridge, that area is called Zastron from the bridge up to the town.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
58
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
72
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.27772
1.992091
3,438
CHAIRPERSON
So he doesn't mean the town of Zastron?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
59
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
73
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.127575
2.265664
3,440
MR MBANDAZAYO
He doesn't mean the town, Mr Chairman, he means the bridge on the Zastron side of the bridge.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
60
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
74
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.182608
8.045402
-1
CHAIRPERSON
And you were there to attack any car that came along from the Zastron direction?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
61
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
75
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.01752
2.247028
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Whose occupants were settlers.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
62
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
76
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
7.597145
4.321659
1,961
CHAIRPERSON
Whose occupants were white.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
63
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
77
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
7.421052
4.190896
1,961
MR MBANDAZAYO
Now paragraph 9 Mr Chairman. "A bakkie came and I ordered that we must fire but I was the only one who fired and I realised that the bakkie was driven by an African and I stopped and the bakkie passed." Can you explain that to the Committee?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
64
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
78
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.214738
7.251183
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
I deployed my unit in the ambush formation. There was someone some distance - whom I deployed a distance away from us to give us early warning in case that there is any car approaching from that direction, he will inform us. I am not sure whom I deployed to be in that position. As there was this car approaching, he informed us, give us a signal that there is a car approaching, the car will be approaching from the curve so we won't be in a position to see the car when it's approaching so that's why I deployed one of my commandants in that position and when this car approached. as I was armed with an R4 I ordered the unit that which was acting as an assault unit to attack as I was part of it and the car approached and I attacked it or I shot at it with an R4. The car was speeding, it was moving at a high speed. As I was shooting with it, it was passing me. To correct something in this case whereby I mentioned that the car was driven by an African - I'm not sure about that but there was an African inside the car and after realising that it was an African inside the car and the settlers, I stopped shooting at the car and the car proceeded to Sterkspruit, to the side of Sterkspruit.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
65
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
80
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
6.92138
2.861912
-1
MR MBANDAZAYO
What signal was going to be given in terms of the plan or what signal was actually given to you?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
66
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
83
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.89382
2.131841
2,934
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
To be honest with the TRC I'm not sure which signal did we use there, normally it would be the raising of the hand.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
67
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
84
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.894254
2.06777
2,934
MR MBANDAZAYO
You don't remember the exact signal?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
68
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
85
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.888214
2.09489
2,934
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Yes I don't remember.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
69
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
86
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-0.71321
2.758501
-1
MR MBANDAZAYO
Mr Chairman, I proceed with the same paragraph - "We retreated to our base and the unit handed the arms to me at the base. I thereafter reported to my superiors." Can you explain how did you retreat to your base?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
70
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
87
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.210103
6.701603
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
After this incident there were other places or one of the places I knew which we could use it as a hiding place for these hours. So we went to this place, it was the area known as Walazi, it's not far away from this border area of Zastron at the other side of Sterkspruit. We went to the house of Mangenene, one of the PAC members who was staying in that area.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
71
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
89
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.462845
2.921111
-1
MR MBANDAZAYO
Can you repeat the name Mr Dolo?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
72
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
90
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
2.623608
6.402173
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Mangenene. We stayed at the place until it was afternoon and then we left the place to our base. The purpose, as it was a question of safety measures, after we attacked the vehicle, we thought maybe the occupants of the car would go to the police and report the matter so that's why we decided to retreat to this place.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
73
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
91
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.868187
1.849714
3,476
MR LAX
Sorry, when you say then after leaving Mangenene's place, just correct me, that was at Walazi you said?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
74
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
92
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.454608
3.815526
2,874
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Yes.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
75
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
93
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
14.507929
19.840872
3
MR LAX
From there you went back to your base, was that at Jozannas?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
76
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
94
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
3.469978
3.148565
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
That afternoon?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
77
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
95
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
1.013798
2.582057
-1
MR LAX
Yes, but that as your base at Jozanneshoek, is that right?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
78
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
96
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.064869
2.619087
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Yes.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
79
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
97
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
3.770667
-14.670695
963
MR LAX
Thanks ADV. SANDI: What happened to this car that was shot at?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
80
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
98
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.919494
1.668832
3,476
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
I don't know what happened to it. I take it it went through to Zastron to Sterkspruit to the town of Sterkspruit. We learn it later after some days that one of the occupants went to the hospital there at Sterkspruit. ADV. SANDI: So the bullet hit one of the occupants of the car, is that what you're saying?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
81
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
100
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
6.656703
2.042465
3,172
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Yes one of the settlers. ADV. SANDI: How many times did you shoot at this particular vehicle?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
82
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
102
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
6.875967
1.733713
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
I shoot at it as it was approaching to our direction and as it is passing through me and when it passed completely me I stopped shooting as I realised that one of or some of the occupants, one of the occupants was an African.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
83
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
104
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
7.215107
3.319964
-1
MR MBANDAZAYO
I proceed Mr Chairperson. "I thereafter reported to my superiors." Can you tell the Committee, how did you report to your superiors?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
84
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
105
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.049362
6.949891
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
As it is a procedure that each and after an operation we have to report to our - those who are in charge of us so in this case too, I did report the matter to my superiors through a written report. That's how I reported to my superiors.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
85
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
106
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
4.79453
5.125414
3,308
MR MBANDAZAYO
Mr Dolo, is there anything you want to - that you have not mentioned to the Committee relating to this incident, you want to add or you want to say to the Committee?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
86
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
107
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
5.247645
7.321147
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
I will say that our struggle was just as our land was usurped by settlers, colonists and we were oppressed as a nation, African Nation by settlers, Europeans and the battle then was drawn between the African oppressed versus the European oppressor, between the African exploited versus European exploiter. So the struggle then, it was between those two nations, between the Africans versus European settlers who came into this country and coming to this case of so called civilians or whites who were normally known by you as civilians, it is well known after all that in South Africa at that stage even I think it is up to now, that there were no civilian whites in South Africa, it was a matter of force that they have to be trained in order to defend themselves against those so called terrorists. They were trained at a stage so we were fighting a nation that was armed and we had to defend ourselves, that's how too we formed liberation armies to defend ourselves, to defend the African Nation against the usurpers of our land. I don't think that will be much.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
87
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
108
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
8.398791
4.82228
-1
MR MBANDAZAYO
That is all, Mr Chairman. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY MR MBANDAZAYO. ADV. SANDI: Just one thing Mr Dolo, when you say you reported to your superiors, who is that?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
88
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
109
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
3.681756
8.770246
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
To Comrade Hepe. ADV. SANDI: Is that Mr - I gather from the documents that I've seen, from previous documents - is that Mr Letlape Mphahlele?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
89
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
112
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
3.804896
5.477085
2,607
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Yes.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
90
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
114
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
14.472452
19.840425
3
MR LAX
Through you Chairperson, you say you presented a written report, can you remember when you sent that report, or did you hand deliver it?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
91
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
115
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
2.077733
4.990759
3,152
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
I think it was the following day that I wrote the report, if I'm sure.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
92
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
116
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
1.90766
5.12255
-1
MR LAX
Ja, carry on? You wrote it the following day, how did you get it to Mr Letlape Mphahlele?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
93
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
117
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
3.83319
5.454273
2,607
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
I gave it to another comrade whom I was working with to transport it to Hepe.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
94
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
118
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
2.001786
2.981268
-1
MR LAX
Ja, who was that?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
95
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
119
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
-1.728069
6.970327
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
He was known by Phila.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
96
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
120
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
3.373861
5.521576
2,664
MR LAX
That's the person you took over from, is that right?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
97
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
121
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
2.1199
4.366243
-1
PHILA MARTIN DOLO
Yes.
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
98
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
122
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
14.507092
19.842669
3
MR LAX
So he would have taken it to Umtata where Mphahlele would have been at that time?
../data/data_saha\amnesty_hearings\aliwal_north\54583.json
99
https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm
123
Amnesty Hearings
Aliwal North
54,583
1998-04-28
3.889009
5.231684
-1

Dataset Card for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Testimonies Dataset

Dataset Summary

This dataset contains the transcriptions of testimonies from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) hearings in South Africa. It includes a wide range of testimonies from different types of hearings such as Amnesty Hearings, Human Rights Violation Hearings, and Special Hearings. We obtained these testimonies from the South African Historical Archive.

Languages

English

Data Instances

A typical data point in this dataset comprises a transcript excerpt from a TRC hearing. The data includes metadata about the hearing, such as the type, location, date, and more.

An example from the dataset is as follows:

{
  "speaker": "MR PRIOR",
  "dialogue": "May I proceed Mr Chairman?",
  "file": "../data/data_saha/amnesty_hearings/aliwal_north/54583.json",
  "file_index": 0,
  "saha_page": "https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/documents/amntrans/aliwal_north/54583.htm",
  "saha_loc": 2,
  "hearing_type": "Amnesty Hearings",
  "location": "Aliwal North",
  "file_num": 54583,
  "date": "1998-04-28",
  "umap_x": 4.24962,
  "umap_y": 8.829064,
  "hdbscan_label": -1
}

Data Fields:

  1. speaker:

    • Type: String
    • Description: The name or title of the person speaking.
    • Example: "MR PRIOR"
  2. dialogue:

    • Type: String
    • Description: The content of what the speaker said.
    • Example: "May I proceed Mr Chairman?"
  3. file:

    • Type: String
    • Description: The path to the JSON file containing the full dialogue.
    • Example: "../data/data_saha/amnesty_hearings/aliwal_north/54583.json"
  4. file_index:

    • Type: Integer
    • Description: The index of the testimony in the file.
    • Example: 0
  5. saha_page:

  6. saha_loc:

    • Type: Integer
    • Description: A numerical identifier for the location of the hearing.
    • Example: 2
  7. hearing_type:

    • Type: String
    • Description: The category of the hearing (e.g., Amnesty Hearings, Human Rights Violation Hearings, Special Hearings).
    • Example: "Amnesty Hearings"
  8. location:

    • Type: String
    • Description: The physical location where the hearing took place.
    • Example: "Aliwal North"
  9. file_num:

    • Type: Integer
    • Description: A unique identifier for the file.
    • Example: 54583
  10. date:

    • Type: Date
    • Description: The date when the hearing took place.
    • Example: "1998-04-28"
  11. umap_x, umap_y:

    • Type: Float
    • Description: Coordinates in a UMAP dimensionality reduction, useful for visualization and analysis.
    • Example: 4.24962, 8.829064
  12. hdbscan_label:

    • Type: Integer
    • Description: Label from HDBSCAN clustering, potentially useful for grouping similar testimonies or dialogue themes.
    • Example: -1

Curation Rationale

This dataset is curated to provide researchers, historians, and the public with access to the testimonies recorded during the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings en masse. These testimonies are crucial for understanding the extent of human rights violations and the process of reconciliation in South Africa post-apartheid.

Initial Data Collection and Normalization

The testimonies were initially collected during various TRC hearings across South Africa. The data was then digitized, with care taken to accurately transcribe the spoken words and to preserve the integrity of the original testimonies. It was put online by the South African Historical Archive (SAHA).

While the data on the SAHA website is accessible to all and while the HTML data some structure to it, much of the metadata is not consistently structured across all testimonies. Further, some of the data is not encoded in UTF-8. Finally, important aspects of the dialogue within testimonies is not preserved. For example, there is currently no way to separate the speaker from their corresponding dialogue.

For this dataset, we created custom Python scripts to process each testimony from the original HTML files on the SAHA website. For each section of dialogue in a transcript, users have access to the original SAHA webpage.

For this project, we also embedded each segment of testimony, processed those embeddings with UMAP and identified clusters with HDBScan.

Who are the source language producers?

The language producers include the victims, witnesses, and other participants in the TRC hearings, who provided their testimonies during the commission's operation.

Annotations

No additional annotations are provided in this dataset beyond the metadata that accompanies each testimony excerpt.

Annotation process

Not applicable.

Who are the annotators?

Not applicable.

Personal and Sensitive Information

This dataset includes sensitive information as it contains real testimonies from individuals involved in or affected by human rights violations. Care should be taken to treat this information with respect and sensitivity.

Social Impact of Dataset

The dataset is a valuable resource for understanding the historical context of human rights violations in South Africa. It provides insights into the impact of apartheid and the subsequent process of reconciliation. It is a vital tool for education and awareness about human rights and social justice.

Discussion of Biases

There may be inherent biases in the dataset due to the nature of the TRC hearings. Some testimonies might not be included, and the dataset may not fully represent all perspectives or experiences during the apartheid era.

Other Known Limitations

The dataset is based on transcriptions and may contain transcription errors. As the data was processed via Python scripts, there may be some inconsistencies in the separation of speaker and dialogue.

Dataset Curators

Steve Davis, Associate Professor of History, University of Kentucky

William J.B. Mattingly, Postdoc Fellow, Smithsonian Institution

Jennifer Hootman, Coordinator of Digital Scholarship, William T. Young Library, University of Kentucky

Robert Vaughan, Research Assistant, University of Kentucky

Jamari Turner, Graduate Assistant, University of Kentucky

Licensing Information

MIT License.

Citation Information

Contributions

Thanks to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the individuals who provided their testimonies, and the team involved in the transcription and curation of these testimonies.

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