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Who sang the Bond theme form From Russia With Love?

MATT MONRO ~ From Russia With Love ~ - YouTube MATT MONRO ~ From Russia With Love ~ Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jun 20, 2013 The Matt Monro theme song from the James Bond movie, "FROM RUSSIA WITH LOVE", Category

Matt Monro

Which company was responsible for the oil spill in New York harbor in 1990?

MATT MONRO - FROM RUSSIA WITH LOVE LYRICS From Russia With Love Lyrics Matt Monro - From Russia With Love Lyrics From Russia with love I fly to you Much wiser since my goodbye to you I've travelled the world to learn I must return from Russia with love I've seen places, faces and smiled for a moment But oh, you haunted me so Still my tongue tied young pride Would not let my love for you show In case you'd say no To Russia I flew but there and then I suddenly knew you'd care again My running around is through I fly to you from Russia with love Lyrics powered by www.musixmatch.com Embed Get the embed code <table class="songlyrics" style="width: 100%; table-layout: fixed;"><col width="40" /><col /><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">Matt Monro - Miscellaneous Album Lyrics</th></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">1.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/born-free-lyrics/" title="Born Free Lyrics Matt Monro">Born Free</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">2.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/softly-as-i-leave-you-lyrics/" title="Softly, As I Leave You Lyrics Matt Monro">Softly, As I Leave You</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">3.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/walk-away-lyrics/" title="Walk Away Lyrics Matt Monro">Walk Away</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">4.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/and-we-were-lovers-lyrics/" title="And We Were Lovers Lyrics Matt Monro">And We Were Lovers</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">5.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/from-russia-with-love-lyrics/" title="From Russia With Love Lyrics Matt Monro">From Russia With Love</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">6.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/honey-on-the-vine-lyrics/" title="Honey On The Vine Lyrics Matt Monro">Honey On The Vine</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">7.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/here-s-to-my-lady-lyrics/" title="Here's To My Lady Lyrics Matt Monro">Here's To My Lady</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">8.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/if-she-walked-into-my-life-lyrics/" title="If She Walked Into My Life Lyrics Matt Monro">If She Walked Into My Life</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">9.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/these-years-lyrics/" title="These Years Lyrics Matt Monro">These Years</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">10.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/my-love-and-devotion-lyrics/" title="My Love And Devotion Lyrics Matt Monro">My Love And Devotion</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">11.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/the-music-played-lyrics/" title="The Music Played Lyrics Matt Monro">The Music Played</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sl-td-left">12.</td><td class="sl-td-right"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro/my-kind-of-girl-lyrics/" title="My Kind of Girl Lyrics Matt Monro">My Kind of Girl</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="sl-credit"><a href="http://www.songlyrics.com/matt-monro-lyrics/" title="Matt Monro Lyrics">Matt Monro Lyrics</a> provided by <a href="/" title="Lyrics">SongLyrics.com</a></p> Note: When you embed the widget in your site, it will match your site's styles (CSS). This is just a preview! Preview the embedded widget

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In which country was Arnold Schwarzenegger born?

Arnold Schwarzenegger - Biography - IMDb Arnold Schwarzenegger Biography Showing all 733 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trade Mark  (9) | Trivia  (146) | Personal Quotes  (550) | Salary  (22) Overview (4) 6' 2" (1.88 m) Mini Bio (1) With an almost unpronounceable surname and a thick Austrian accent, who would have ever believed that a brash, quick talking bodybuilder from a small European village would become one of Hollywood's biggest stars, marry into the prestigious Kennedy family, amass a fortune via shrewd investments and one day be the Governor of California!? The amazing story of megastar Arnold Schwarzenegger is a true "rags to riches" tale of a penniless immigrant making it in the land of opportunity, the United States of America. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born July 30, 1947, in the town of Thal, Styria, Austria, to Aurelia (Jadrny) and Gustav Schwarzenegger, the local police chief. From a young age, he took a keen interest in physical fitness and bodybuilding, going on to compete in several minor contests in Europe. However, it was when he emigrated to the United States in 1968 at the tender age of 21 that his star began to rise. Up until the early 1970s, bodybuilding had been viewed as a rather oddball sport, or even a mis-understood "freak show" by the general public, however two entrepreneurial Canadian brothers Ben Weider and Joe Weider set about broadening the appeal of "pumping iron" and getting the sport respect, and what better poster boy could they have to lead the charge, then the incredible "Austrian Oak", Arnold Schwarzenegger. Over roughly the next decade, beginning in 1970, Schwarzenegger dominated the sport of competitive bodybuilding winning five Mr. Universe titles and seven Mr. Olympia titles and, with it, he made himself a major sports icon, he generated a new international audience for bodybuilding, gym memberships worldwide swelled by the tens of thousands and the Weider sports business empire flourished beyond belief and reached out to all corners of the globe. However, Schwarzenegger's horizons were bigger than just the landscape of bodybuilding and he debuted on screen as "Arnold Strong" in the low budget Hercules in New York (1970), then director Bob Rafelson cast Arnold in Stay Hungry (1976) alongside Jeff Bridges and Sally Field , for which Arnold won a Golden Globe Award for "Best Acting Debut in a Motion Picture". The mesmerizing Pumping Iron (1977) covering the 1975 Mr Olympia contest in South Africa has since gone on to become one of the key sports documentaries of the 20th century, plus Arnold landed other acting roles in the comedy The Villain (1979) opposite Kirk Douglas , and he portrayed Mickey Hargitay in the well- received TV movie The Jayne Mansfield Story (1980). What Arnold really needed was a super hero / warrior style role in a lavish production that utilized his chiseled physique, and gave him room to show off his growing acting talents and quirky humor. Conan the Barbarian (1982) was just that role. Inspired by the Robert E. Howard short stories of the "Hyborean Age" and directed by gung ho director John Milius , and with a largely unknown cast, save Max von Sydow and James Earl Jones , "Conan" was a smash hit worldwide and an inferior, although still enjoyable sequel titled Conan the Destroyer (1984) quickly followed. If "Conan" was the kick start to Arnold's movie career, then his next role was to put the pedal to the floor and accelerate his star status into overdrive. Director James Cameron had until that time only previously directed one earlier feature film titled Piranha Part Two: The Spawning (1981), which stank of rotten fish from start to finish. However, Cameron had penned a fast paced, science fiction themed film script that called for an actor to play an unstoppable, ruthless predator - The Terminator (1984). Made on a relatively modest budget, the high voltage action / science fiction thriller The Terminator (1984) was incredibly successful worldwide, and began one of the most profitable film franchises in history. The dead pan phrase "I'll be back" quickly became part of popular culture across the globe. Schwarzenegger was in vogue with action movie fans, and the next few years were to see Arnold reap box office gold in roles portraying tough, no-nonsense individuals who used their fists, guns and witty one-liners to get the job done. The testosterone laden Commando (1985), Raw Deal (1986), Predator (1987), The Running Man (1987) and Red Heat (1988) were all box office hits and Arnold could seemingly could no wrong when it came to picking winning scripts. The tongue-in-cheek comedy Twins (1988) with co-star Danny DeVito was a smash and won Arnold new fans who saw a more comedic side to the muscle- bound actor once described by Australian author / TV host Clive James as "a condom stuffed with walnuts". The spectacular Total Recall (1990) and "feel good" Kindergarten Cop (1990) were both solid box office performers for Arnold, plus he was about to return to familiar territory with director James Cameron in Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). The second time around for the futuristic robot, the production budget had grown from the initial film's $6.5 million to an alleged $100 million for the sequel, and it clearly showed as the stunning sequel bristled with amazing special effects, bone-crunching chases & stunt sequences, plus state of the art computer-generated imagery. Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) was arguably the zenith of Arnold's film career to date and he was voted "International Star of the Decade" by the National Association of Theatre Owners. Remarkably, his next film Last Action Hero (1993) brought Arnold back to Earth with a hard thud as the self-satirizing, but confusing plot line of a young boy entering into a mythical Hollywood action film confused movie fans even more and they stayed away in droves making the film an initial financial disaster. Arnold turned back to good friend, director James Cameron and the chemistry was definitely still there as the "James Bond" style spy thriller True Lies (1994) co-starring Jamie Lee Curtis and Tom Arnold was the surprise hit of 1994! Following the broad audience appeal of True Lies (1994), Schwarzenegger decided to lean towards more family-themed entertainment with Junior (1994) and Jingle All the Way (1996), but he still found time to satisfy his hard-core fan base with Eraser (1996), as the chilling "Mr. Freeze" in Batman & Robin (1997) and battling dark forces in the supernatural action of End of Days (1999). The science fiction / conspiracy tale The 6th Day (2000) played to only mediocre fan interest, and Collateral Damage (2002) had its theatrical release held over for nearly a year after the tragic events of Sept 11th 2001, but it still only received a lukewarm reception. It was time again to resurrect Arnold's most successful franchise and, in 2003, Schwarzenegger pulled on the biker leathers for the third time for Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003). Unfortunately, directorial duties passed from James Cameron to Jonathan Mostow and the deletion of the character of "Sarah Connor" aka Linda Hamilton and a change in the actor playing "John Connor" - Nick Stahl took over from Edward Furlong - making the third entry in the "Terminator" series the weakest to date. Schwarzenegger married TV journalist Maria Shriver in April, 1986 and the couple have four children. In October of 2003 Schwarzenegger, running as a Republican, was elected Governor of California in a special recall election of then governor Gray Davis. The "Governator," as Schwarzenegger came to be called, held the office until 2011. Upon leaving the Governor's mansion it was revealed that he had fathered a child with the family's live-in maid and Shriver filed for divorce. - IMDb Mini Biography By: David Montgomery < [email protected]> and [email protected] Spouse (1) ( 26 April  1986 - present) (filed for divorce) (4 children) Trade Mark (9) Frequent movie line: "I'll be back." Often has his character say comedic one-liners that punctuate the action Many of his films have his characters doing feats of strength to match his muscular look, e.g. Commando (1985) where he is first seen in the film carrying a whole tree trunk on his shoulder. Films often have a chase sequence or action scene in a shopping mall. ( Commando (1985), Kindergarten Cop (1990), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), True Lies (1994) and Jingle All the Way (1996)). His characters are often family men who are protecting their children and his other characters often smoke cigars. Heavy Austrian accent Very muscular physique Trivia (146) Ranked #20 in Empire (UK) magazine's "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time" list. [October 1997] Children with Maria Shriver : Katherine Schwarzenegger (b. December 13, 1989), Christina Maria Aurelia Schwarzenegger (b. July 23, 1991), Patrick Schwarzenegger (b. September 18, 1993) and Christopher Sargent Shriver Schwarzenegger (b. September 27, 1997). He is also the father of Joseph Baena (b. October 2, 1997) with Mildred Patricia Baena who was housekeeper in the family until 2011. Underwent heart surgery to correct a congenital heart valve condition. [April 1997] Called by the Guinness Book of World Records, "the most perfectly developed man in the history of the world." Noted fan of cigar smoking. His voice in Hercules in New York (1970) was dubbed. Was part-owner of Planet Hollywood and Schatzi restaurants. Advocate for the Republican party. He reprised his Terminator character for the theme park attraction T2 3-D: Battle Across Time (1996), a short film which uses an enhanced 3-D process that makes the film really appear to jump out at the audience. His production company is Oak Productions. 1983: Became a US citizen. His wife Maria Shriver is a niece of the late President John F. Kennedy and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy . Graduated from University of Wisconsin-Superior with a major in international marketing of fitness and business administration. [1979] Sold off his Planet Hollywood stock and is no longer a part owner of the chain. [2000] The soccer stadium in Graz, Austria (his home town) is named after him. Was considered for the title role in the 1970s TV series The Incredible Hulk (1978), but was reportedly deemed not tall enough. His former bodybuilding competitor, Lou Ferrigno , ultimately won the part. After leaving Austria for the first time, he came to England to work, earning under £30 a week. Received an Honorary Doctorate from his alma mater, the University of Wisconsin-Superior, in recognition of his charitable works. [1996] Son-in-law of Sargent Shriver and Eunice Kennedy Shriver . At his bodybuilding peak his chest was 57", waist 34", biceps 22", thighs 28½", calves 20", and his competition weight was 235 lbs (260 lbs off-season). He and Warner Bros. agreed to postpone the release of Collateral Damage (2002) indefinitely in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks on America. The plot centers around a firefighter who lost his family in a terrorist bomb attack. [September 2001] 9/7/01: Sues International Game Technology for the unauthorized use of his voice and likeness in slot machine games. His lawyer told the press he was seeking $20 million in damages, which is the amount he believes he would have received had he approved the use. Childhood friends stated that he often said his goals in life were to move to America, become an actor, and marry a Kennedy. He accomplished all three. Underwent a genioplasty -- a procedure in which his jaw has been moved back so that it no longer juts out. Was the first private citizen in the U.S. to own a Humvee (High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle). Lobbied to promote anti-juvenile delinquency initiative on California ballot that would commit the state to allocate $400 million for extracurricular activities and tutoring for students, kindergarten through ninth grade. [May 2002] Received an honorary doctorate from Chapman University in Orange, CA. [June 2002] Franco Columbu was best man at Arnold's wedding. 1/29/03: Underwent surgery for a torn rotator cuff as a result of an injury on the set of Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003). Was in a sling for three to four weeks, but it was not expected to delay the completion of the movie. Ranked #9 in Star TV's Top 10 Box Office Stars of the 1990s. [2003] The character Rainier Wolfecastle in The Simpsons (1989) is based on him. Won Mr. Olympia title seven times (1970-1975, 1980). James Cameron originally wanted him for the role of Kyle Reese in The Terminator (1984), but after reading the script, Arnold asked Cameron to let him play the part of the Machine. Cameron replied "No, no! Reese is the star! He's the big hero! And the Terminator hardly has any lines!" but Arnold asked him to "trust me". 8/6/03: Announced his candidacy for the Governorship of California on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (1992). Suffered a back injury (among other various assorted injuries) while filming Conan the Barbarian (1982) when the dogs who were chasing him jumped him from behind and he fell down the rock he was climbing to escape them. In Demolition Man (1993), Sandra Bullock 's character Lenina Huxley is telling Sylvester Stallone 's character John Spartan about the Arnold Schwarzenegger Presidential Library, explaining that, based on the sheer popularity of Schwarzenegger's movies, a Constitutional amendment was passed in order for Schwarzenegger to run for President, which, according to Huxley, he did. In 2003, ten years after this film's release, Schwarzenegger ran for the office of Governor of California, and won the election on 7 October 2003. While Schwarzenegger is not eligible to run for the presidency by present laws (as a naturalized citizen, not a native-born citizen as required by the Constitution), most past presidents have been governors of their respective home states. Some members of Congress are currently considering an amendment to the Constitution to allow foreign-born US citizens to be allowed to run for the Presidency, specifically with Schwarzenegger in mind, although other members of Congress are strongly opposed to the idea. Had one elder brother, Meinhard (1946-1971). His mother was Aurelia Jadrny (2 July 1922 - 2 August 1998) and his father was Gustav Schwarzenegger (Graz, 17 August 1907 - 1 December 1972), married in Murzsteg, 20 October 1945. His mother's surname is Czech. 10/7/03: Was elected Governor of California as a Republican. Turned down the role of John McClane in Die Hard (1988). The role went to Bruce Willis instead. Ironically, Willis has a line in the film where he says that the terrorists "have enough explosives to orbit Arnold Schwarzenegger". TV Guide selected Arnold Schwarzenegger's announcement on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (1992) to run for Governor of California as the greatest TV moment of 2003. Said that filming the climatic fight at the end of Predator (1987) was made difficult by the fact that the late Kevin Peter Hall , who played the Predator, couldn't see through his mask. Has the record for winning the most major bodybuilding events in history, 13 (1 Mr. Junior Western Europe, 7 Mr. Olympias, and 5 Mr. Universes). After he had started lifting weights as a teenager, he noticed that his body was becoming disproportionate. His arms, shoulders and chest were developing nicely, but his calves and lower legs weren't coming along as he wanted. To motivate himself to work harder on his calves, he cut off all of his pants (trousers) at the knee. Walking around like that, people would look at (and maybe even laugh at) the big man with 'chicken' legs. It worked. His father, Gustav Schwarzenegger, nicknamed him "Cinderella" as a child and his older brother, Meinhard, constantly picked on him growing up. Both men were killed while driving under the influence. Only the second governor in California's history to be born in a foreign country. John Downey, the 7th Governor of California, was born in Ireland and served from 1860-1862. Has his look-alike puppet in the French show Les guignols de l'info (1988). Went AWOL from the Austrian army to enter his first bodybuilding contest. Stumped for President George W. Bush the weekend before his re-election in Ohio, as Schwarzenegger has always had a strong relationship with Ohio. He was voted the 53rd Greatest Movie Star of all time by Entertainment Weekly. Has played a character who died in only five of his films: The Terminator (1984), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), End of Days (1999) Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003) and _Terminator: Genisys (2015)_ (the original T-800 who's chip was used to time travel to 2018. Arnold's primary T800 character, however, survived, being "upgraded" to T1000 status). Was considered for the role of the gentle giant Fezzik in the 1970s when William Goldman 's book "The Princess Bride" was first proposed to be made into a film ( The Princess Bride (1987)). Had his first romantic scene in a movie with actress Sandahl Bergman , in Conan the Barbarian (1982). Is good friends with fellow bodybuilder Sven-Ole Thorsen who, ironically, portrayed "Thorgrim," one of his leading foes, in Conan the Barbarian (1982). Turned down a request to reprise his Conan character in Kull the Conqueror (1997) (originally titled "Conan the Conqueror"). Also, he was supposed to play Conan in Red Sonja (1985), though ultimately, a new character was created who was essentially Conan in everything but name. Is the only person to receive Razzie nominations for Worst Actor, Worst Supporting Actor and Worst Screen Couple (with himself cloned) in the same year. All for the same movie, The 6th Day (2000). His life strangely mirrors the life of Conan from Conan the Barbarian (1982). Conan was born in a small village and grew up to be a physically powerful man, due to years of slavery. After winning great fame as a gladiator, he is given to wine and women, but later rejects this hedonistic lifestyle and goes on to perform great heroic feats and eventually is crowned king. Arnold was born in a small Austrian town and took up weightlifting as he got older. After achieving success as a bodybuilder, he indulged in drug abuse and womanizing, but he later rejected this and went on to become a vocal supporter of social causes, and was eventually elected governor of California. Performed many of his own stunts in his films, owing largely to the fact that it was hard to find stunt doubles who matched his size. Billy D. Lucas , Joel Kramer and Peter Kent eventually became his personal stunt doubles and close friends. His famous line "I'll be back", which originated from The Terminator (1984), was originally written as "I'll come back". Initially refused to star in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003) because James Cameron , who created the character and directed the first two films, would not be directing the third installment. Arnold tried to persuade Cameron to do the third film but Cameron declined and, feeling that the Terminator character was as much Arnold's as it was his own, Cameron advised Arnold to just do the third film and ask for a lot of money. While filming the behind the scenes documentary for the special edition DVD of Conan the Barbarian (1982), the microphone hit him in the head at the end of the interview, to which he immediately joked "You see, I can't even do an interview about Conan without getting hurt". Addressed the Republican National Convention. [2004] The etymology for Arnold is "Eagle Power." Grew up in a house that had no phone, no fridge and no toilet. Was the spokesperson for Japanese DirecTV, a competitor to Quentin Tarantino 's endorsed local satellite TV operator SkyperfecTV. Was considered for the title role in Flash Gordon (1980). The part eventually went to Sam J. Jones instead, because producer Dino De Laurentiis felt Schwarzenegger's German accent was ill-suited for this role. DeLaurentiis (in his heavy Italian accent) told Schwarzenegger, "You have an accent! I cannot use you for Flash Gordon! No! Flash Gordon has no accent! I cannot use you! No!" Ironically, Jones had to temporarily get rid of his own Texas accent for said role. While filming Predator (1987) he became close friends with co- star Jesse Ventura , who was also later elected a state governor (Minnesota). John Milius originally intended him to do the narration of Conan the Barbarian (1982) but the studio didn't trust his accent, so the narration was performed by Mako instead, who played the wizard. Withdrew from the city of Graz the right to use his name in association with its soccer stadium and returned his "Ehrenring" (ring of honor) after some politicians in the town had started a campaign against Schwarzenegger due to his refusal to stop the execution of convicted killer Stanley Tookie Williams (20 December 2005). The Green Party of Austria has resolved to strip Schwarzenegger of his Austrian citizenship due to his support for the death penalty. 12/12/05: As governor, he refused to grant clemency to convicted quadruple murderer and former gang leader Stanley Tookie Williams , who had been on Death Row for 24 years. He was soundly defeated on all four propositions of his "special election", which cost the state of California an estimated $45 million. Schwarzenegger accepted personal responsibility for the defeat, and appointed a Democrat as his new Chief of Staff. [November 2005] Second actor to be elected Governor of California. The first was Ronald Reagan . Broke six ribs in a motorcycle crash. [December 2001] He and his 11-year-old son Patrick were injured in a traffic accident when a car ran into Arnold's motorcycle. Patrick was in a sidecar. Arnold received 15 stitches. [February 2005] He has been nominated for a Razzie Award as Worst Actor eight times during his career, and in 2004 received a special award for being the "Worst Razzie Loser of Our First 25 Years." His performance as The Terminator in the "Terminator" films is ranked #40 on Premiere Magazine's 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time. Was asked to reprise his "Dutch" character from the first Predator (1987) film for the sequel, but he declined because he didn't like the script. He chose to do Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) instead. Children - Katherine Eunice (born December 13, 1989), Christina Maria Aurelia (born July 23, 1991), Patrick Arnold (born September 18, 1993) and Christopher Sargent Shriver (September 27, 1997). Was asked to appear in a sequel to his 1985 film Commando (1985) but declined. He keeps the sword he used in Conan the Barbarian (1982) in the Governor's office in California. Is a huge fan of professional wrestling. 11/7/06: Easily re-elected as Governor of California. He is the first member of the Kennedy family to become a state Governor. 12/23/06: Broke his right femur while skiing in Sun Valley, ID. Although German is his native language, all his movies have been dubbed into German by Thomas Danneberg for the German-speaking market because his strong Austrian accent doesn't fit with the type of roles he plays. He joined President George Bush in New Hampshire and asked voters to "send a message to Pat Buchanan : Hasta la vista, baby". [1992] Related to actor George Wyner , who is also a close friend. Early in his career he appeared as a contestant on The Dating Game (1965). Was considered for the role of Judge Dredd in Judge Dredd (1995) in the early development stages. The part went to fellow Planet Hollywood founder Sylvester Stallone . In his childhood considered John Wayne his idol and role model. As Governor of California, he issued a proclamation making 26 May 2007 "John Wayne Day" in the state. Producer Joel Silver wanted Schwarzenegger to play "Doctor Manhattan" in a film adaptation of Alan Moore 's graphic novel Watchmen (2009) at one point. Acted with another future governor, Jesse Ventura , of Minnesota, in Predator (1987) and The Running Man (1987). Had stitches in his hand from the taking-off-airplane-to-tarmac stunt he performed for Commando (1985). Late October 2007: Personally flew to Malibu, CA, to survey the damage done by wildfires before any other politician, including the President. Was attached to do another film adaptation of the pulp hero Doc Savage (after the failed 1975 film) in the late 1990s, but the project never got off the ground. Publicly endorsed his close friend Senator John McCain 's bid to win the Republican nomination for the 2008 presidential election. He ended his association with Planet Hollywood early in 2000, saying the investment had not had the level of success he had expected. He saved a man's life while on vacation in Hawaii in 2004 by swimming into the sea to rescue him from drowning. Considered for the role of "Robert Neville" in I Am Legend (2007) back in 1996, with Ridley Scott as the director. As an environmentally conscious politician, always uses carbon credits when flying between his governor's office in Sacramento to his house in L.A., California. Turned down the role of Animal Mother in Full Metal Jacket (1987) and opted to do The Running Man (1987) instead. Considered for the main role in Strange Days (1995) but the job went to Ralph Fiennes instead. Was the original choice to play the title character in RoboCop (1987). Attended the funeral of Ronald Reagan in 2004, whom he considered a great hero. Due to the dismal failure of Conan the Destroyer (1984), Schwarzenegger rarely ever did sequels to his own movies. He's turned down sequels to Commando (1985), Predator (1987), Total Recall (1990) and True Lies (1994), as well as the third "Conan" film which became Kull the Conqueror (1997). The only exceptions that he has made are Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), The Expendables 2 (2012), The Expendables 3 (2014) and Terminator Genisys (2015). Honored by the Congressional Award in Washington, DC on June 25, 2002 with the Horizon Award. The Horizon Award is a special recognition from the Joint Leadership of the United States Congress and the Congressional Award Board of Directors. The Horizon Award is presented to individuals from the private sectors who have contributed to expanding opportunities for all Americans through their own personal contributions, and who have set exceptional examples for young people through their successes in life. Was good friends with WWE Hall of Famer André the Giant . Other than Around the World in 80 Days (2004), in which he only appeared in a supporting role, has starred in three movies with the word "Day" in the title, and all three make a biblical reference: Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), End of Days (1999) and The 6th Day (2000). Has been crucified in two movies: Conan the Barbarian (1982) and End of Days (1999), where he was tied to a cross. Was seriously considered for the role of "Dr. Manhattan/Jon Osterman" in one of the many failed attempts at adapting Alan Moore 's "Watchmen" into film. Ultimately, director Zack Snyder cast Billy Crudup for the 2009 adaptation. The character "Arnold the Pitbull", featured on Tiny Toon Adventures (1990), voiced by Rob Paulsen , was a parody of him. Was considered for the role of Harry Stamper in Armageddon (1998). Was considered for the role of President James Mitchell in Air Force One (1997). Lives in Los Angeles, California and Ketchum, Idaho. Before he became a household name, Schwarzenegger appeared with bodybuilding buddies Franco Columbu and Frank Zane on the sleeve of Grand Funk Railroad 's 1974 album "All the Girls in the World Beware!!!" Band member faces were cleverly superimposed on their muscle-bound bodies. Appeared on the cover of GQ magazine three times: July '86, May '90 and June '93. Trophies won as athlete: 1965 Mr. Europe Jr.. Held in Germany. 1966 Best Builed Man of Europe/Mr. Europe/International Powerlifting-Championship/. All 3 events held in Germany. 1967 NABBA Mr. Universe Amateurs. Held in London. 1968 NABBA Mr. Universe Proffesional. Held in London. 1968 National Championship Weightlifting. Held in Germany. 1968 IFBB Mr. International. Held in Mexico. 1969 IFBB Mr. Universe Amateurs. Held in New York. 1969/1970 NABBA Mr. Universe Proffesional. Both times held in London. 1970 Mr. World. Held in Columbus, Ohio. 1970-1975 5 times in a row IFBB Mr. Olympia. Held in New York 1970/1973/1974, Paris 1971, Essen 1972, Pretoria 1975. 1980 For the 6th time IFBB Mr. Olympia. Held in Sydney, Australia. In his body building days, he once bench pressed as much as 450 pounds. While in office as governor, a Burger King promotion poster for the triple whopper stated "it's so big and beefy it just might run for governor". Parents feared he was gay when he was a teenager because he worshipped bodybuilders. His mother Aurelia phoned a doctor because she thought her son was 'turning south' due to all the pictures of oiled up males on his bedroom walls. In 1968 Joe Weider brought Schwarzenegger to Los Angeles and gave him $100 a week to write articles for his magazines that endorsed Weider products. Weider died at age 93 in March 2013. Inducted into the National Fitness Hall of Fame in 2005 (inaugural class). Is now the Republican Governor-elect of California [October 2003] Sofia, Bulgaria: Filming The Expendables 2 (2012). [October 2011] (around Christmas) Broke his leg when skiing with his family in Sun Valley, Idaho, USA. [December 2006] Refused to take the salary for Governor of California. Uses private jet at his own expense. [December 2003] Copenhagen, Denmark: Giving out the Sustainia Award, which recognizes outstanding performance within the area of sustainability. Also attended a book signing for his new autobiography. [October 2012] (17 November 2003) Sworn in as Governor of California. [November 2003] Reelected as Governor of California [November 2006] Running for Governor of California on the Republican ticket. [August 2003] Release of the book, "Fantastic: The Life of Arnold Schwarzenegger" by Laurence Leamer. [2006] First introduced to wife-to-be Maria Shriver by NBC's Tom Brokaw at a charity tennis tournament in 1977. He passed on lead roles in The Rock (1996), The Saint (1997) Face/Off (1997) and The Count of Monte Cristo (2002). He later stated he regretted passing on the former role. As of the release of The Last Stand (2013), he will have a total on-screen kill count of 509. WWE Hall of Famer. Personal favorite of his own films is Kindergarten Cop (1990). Friend and Predator (1987) co-star Jesse Ventura each went on to become, coincidentally, the 38th Governors of California and Minnesota. It was revealed in 2011 that he fathered an illegitimate son with the Schwarzenegger/Shriver family's housekeeper Mildred Patricia Baena. Schwarzenegger didn't know he fathered Baena's child until the child was a toddler and looked more and more like him. Joseph Baena was born only five days after Maria Shriver gave birth to her fourth child by Schwarzenegger, Christopher, therefore the children basically grew up alongside each other in the same home. Schwarzenegger revealed his illegitimate child to his wife during a marriage counseling sessions. The issue led to the couple's separation but as of 2016 they have yet to divorce. Was considered to play Doctor Octopus in James Cameron 's canceled Spider-Man movie. Unlike George Clooney and Chris O'Donnell , he does not regret taking the part of Mr. Freeze in Batman & Robin (1997). Joel Schumacher threatened not to direct the movie, if he did not play Mr. Freeze. (July 30, 2011) In his honor, the "Arnold Schwarzenegger's Birth House Museum" was officially opened in his hometown of Thal (Austria) in the actual house that had been home to him and his family. Some of the mementos on display include his childhood bed, motorcycle, replica of the desk he used as Governor of California, etc. Induced into the International Sports Hall of Fame in 2012 (inaugural class). When Schwarzenegger appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962) in 1979, he had long hair. He was growing it out to prepare for his role in Conan the Barbarian (1982). Former family friend Sondra Locke branded Schwarzenegger and his wife Maria Shriver as cowards for refusing to publicly side with her during litigious matters with Clint Eastwood . Was mentioned in the song "Jump Around" by House of Payne. Personal Quotes (550) I was always interested in proportion and perfection. When I was 15 I took off my clothes and looked in the mirror. When I stared at myself naked, I realized that to be perfectly proportioned I would need 20-inch arms to match the rest of me. [Interview in "Starlog" magazine in 1991, explaining his reluctance to do sequels to most of his successful films from the '80s] There's so little time to do all the things I want to do that I can't see any reason to get bogged down in sequels. Everything I have ever done in my life has always stayed. I've just added to it . . . but I will not change. Because when you are successful and you change, you are an idiot. I know that if you leave dishes in the sink, they get sticky and hard to wash the next day. I would rather be Governor of California than own Austria. I love the Hong Kong style of action movies, but that only looks good for small guys. The reason why the whole style was developed over there was because those guys were very puny guys - they're not powerful-looking guys, they're also not powerful guys. There's no weightlifting champion coming out of Hong Kong - maybe in the bantam division or the lightweight division or something like that, but normally you don't have really strong men coming out of there . . . they had to learn a technique that small people can do that are as effective as the big guy's strength. So that's where the martial arts came from. In the beginning I was selfish. It was all about, "How do I build Arnold? How can I win the most Mr. Universe and Mr. Olympic contests? How can I get into the movies and get into business?" I was thinking about myself . . . As I've grown up, got older, maybe wiser, I think your life is judged not by how much you have taken but by how much you give back. [during his campaign for California governor, about his history of "misbehavior"] Where I did make mistakes, or maybe go overboard sometimes . . . I regret that. This is a different Arnold. [on his fight scenes with the female T-X in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003)] How many times do you get away with this - to take a woman, grab her upside down and bury her face in a toilet bowl? The thing is you can do it, because, in the end, I didn't do it to a woman - she's a machine. We could get away with it without being crucified by who knows what group. [on his decision to run for governor of California] It was the most difficult decision in my life - except the one in 1978 when I decided to get a bikini wax. [after being pelted with an egg at a political rally] This guy owes me bacon now . . . you can't have egg without bacon. [responding to criticism during a televised debate] I just realized I have the perfect part for you in "Terminator 4." [victory speech after having won election as Governor of California] I will not fail, I will not disappoint you, I will not let you down. The worst I can be is the same as everybody else. I hate that. There's a lot of people who want me to get out of acting and want me to run for governor. I think it's mostly movie critics. You have to remember something: Everybody pities the weak; jealousy you have to earn. I took more abuse in Predator (1987) than I did in Conan the Barbarian (1982). I fell down that waterfall [40 feet] and swam in this ice-cold water for days and for weeks was covered in mud. It was freezing in the Mexican jungle. They had these heat lamps on all the time, but they were no good. If you stayed in front of the lamps, the mud dried. Then, you had to take it off and put new mud on again. It was a no-win situation. The location was tough. Never on flat ground. Always on a hill. We stood all day long on a hill, one leg down, one leg up. It was terrible. [referring to Democrats at a political rally in Ontario, California, in 2004] If they don't have the guts to come up here in front of you and say, "I don't want to represent you, I want to represent those special interests, the unions, the trial lawyers" . . . if they don't have the guts, I call them girlie men. [at the 2004 Republican National Convention] Speaking of acting, one of my movies was called True Lies (1994). It's what the Democrats should have called their convention. President [ George Bush ] knows you can't reason with people that are blinded by hate. But let me tell you something: Their hate is no match for our decency, their hate is no match for the leadership and the resolve of George Bush. [Talking about his Conan the Barbarian (1982) director]: John Milius used to call himself the dog trainer. Guess who were the dogs? [From an interview about his reaction to reading the original The Terminator (1984) screenplay] I have read a lot of action adventure scripts, and this definitely was one of the best. I knew that I wanted to play the part of the Terminator as soon as I started reading. [About being taken seriously] I don't care. The important thing to me is that I'm doing work that people enjoy out there, that the movie makes good money, that the studio makes the money back, and that I'm having a great time at what I'm doing. I don't even consider myself serious. So how do I expect people to take me serious? I think this whole Hollywood thing has to be taken much looser . . . it's just entertainment. "There were various stepping-stones in my career. One of them was Conan the Barbarian (1982), because it was the first time I did a film with that kind of budget and I had the title role. The next big stepping-stone was The Terminator (1984). With "The Terminator", I think people became aware of the fact that I didn't really have to take my shirt off or run around and expose my muscles in order to sell tickets. After I did "The Terminator" and we had seen it be more successful than the Conan films, people then sent me a variety of different kinds of scripts - all in the action-adventure genre, but they were not muscle movies or Viking movies or pirate movies or anything like that. [Talking about playing the Terminator] I had to act like a cyborg, which meant I couldn't show any kind of human fear or reaction to the fire, explosions, or gunfire that was going off around me. That can be difficult when you're walking through a door with its frame on fire, trying to reload a gun, and at the same time thinking in the back of your mind that people have accidents doing these kinds of stunts and that it might be my turn. [About more sequels to The Terminator (1984)] I don't necessarily want to leave the magic of the Terminator movies behind, and who says we have to? According to what we know about the future, there were hundreds of Terminators built. The story of the Terminator could go on forever. [From an interview expressing concern over making Conan the Destroyer (1984) less brutal than its predecessor, Conan the Barbarian (1982)] I think it's a mistake. I know Sylvester Stallone made an extra $20 million because he got a PG rating for Rocky III (1982), but it's a matter of how much you want to stay within the character's reality. Can you slaughter people and never see blood? Is it possible? You must have battles. That's part of life, war, and the world of Conan. [Talking about director Richard Fleischer ] The first day Fleischer came to see me work out, he told me, "Arnold, could you put on some more muscles?" I couldn't believe it! It turned out that Fleischer thought [ John Milius '] decision to keep Conan clothed throughout the first film was a mistake. Fleischer believes that people want to see my body much more often than they did the first time around, so they will. I spend most of my time in Conan the Destroyer (1984) fighting off people while I'm dressed in a loincloth. [About the dog accident while making Conan the Barbarian (1982)] One of them hit me too soon. It caught me off guard and I went right over the ledge. I fell ten feet and landed on my back. I was covered with scratches and bruises. It was probably a pretty good beginning for this movie, though. It set the tone for the whole time we were there. This was going to be fun . . . but dangerous. [Talking about director John Milius ] "There never would have been a Conan movie without him. [on Warren Beatty ] There are some people who are close to him that say he is just starving for attention, and that's the way he gets attention. Other people said, "Look, he's not working and he just feels like he should maybe get involved in politics". Instead, I just think that maybe he is jealous that I did jump in. I find it silly, because I respect his work. Well, I think because a lot of people don't know why I'm a Republican, I came first of all from a socialistic country which is Austria and when I came over here in 1968 with the presidential elections coming up in November, I came over in October, I heard a lot of the press conferences from both of the candidates, [ Hubert H. Humphrey ] and [ Richard Nixon ], and Humphrey was talking about more government is the solution, protectionism, and everything he said about government involvement sounded to me more like Austrian socialism. Then when I heard Nixon talk about it, he said open up the borders, the consumers should be represented there ultimately and strengthen the military and get the government off our backs. I said to myself, "What is this guy's party affiliation?" I didn't know anything at that point. So I asked my friend, "What is Nixon?" He's a Republican. And I said, "I am a Republican". That's how I became a Republican." [on refusing to grant clemency to condemned killer Stanley Tookie Williams ] After studying the evidence, searching the history, listening to the arguments and wrestling with the profound consequences, I could find no justification for granting clemency. The facts do not justify overturning the jury's verdict, or the decisions of the courts in this case. [After undergoing heart surgery in 1997] We made, actually, history, because it was the first time ever that doctors could prove that a lifelong Republican has a heart. As a kid - as a kid I saw socialist - the socialist country that Austria became after the Soviets left. Now don't misunderstand me: I love Austria and I love the Austrian people. But I always knew that America was the place for me. In school, when the teacher would talk about America, I would daydream about coming here. I would daydream about living here. I would sit there and watch for hours American movies, transfixed by my heroes, like John Wayne . Everything about America seemed so big to me, so open, so possible. I have no sexual standards in my head that say this is good or this is bad. Homosexual - that only means to me that he enjoys sex with a man and I enjoy sex with a woman. It's all legitimate to me. I didn't think about money. I thought about the fame, about just being the greatest. I was dreaming about being some dictator of a country or some savior like Jesus. I'm 6'2". I've heard rumors that I'm really much shorter in real life like 5'6" or something like that - which is ridiculous. I can assure you this is not the case. People look up to me, and not just because I do a lot of work in the community. I mean, most people really look up to me. California will not wait for our federal government to take strong action on global warming. We won't wait for the federal government. We will move forward because we know it's the right thing to do. We will lead on this issue and we will get other western states involved. I think there's not great leadership from the federal government when it comes to protecting the environment. Money doesn't make you happy. I now have $50 million but I was just as happy when I had $48 million. [in a 1987 interview] I have to give the audiences what they enjoy seeing while I try to bring in a little something new, with different movies, different time periods and all those things. But what's important is to entertain the people -- everything else means nothing. [on his late friend and role model, body builder Reg Park]: Reg was a dear friend, an extraordinary mentor and a personal hero. Other than my parents, there may be no single person who had more to do with me becoming the person I am today than Reg. He was like a second father to me. It was Reg who impressed upon me how hard I would have to work if I wanted to achieve my dreams. I'll always remember him making me do calf-raises with 1,000 pounds at 5 o'clock in the morning. [on Terminator Salvation (2009)] I think it's cool to continue on with the franchise, in case I want to jump over again and get into the acting after I'm through here (as Governor of California). There are such high standards and now there are always new standards being set for action. You see that with Iron Man (2008) and with The Dark Knight (2008) and that other film this summer, um, Wanted (2008). That was an excellent movie! There was this train coming down from a bridge, falling, and they're fighting inside the train car. Jesus, that is unbelievable that you can do that. To have the imagination to write it and the talent to shoot it and make it real on the screen. It's a whole new dimension. With Batman and Terminator, those big movies, there's a certain expectation and if you don't live up to it, if the movie is not a 10, then the business will be soft. If Terminator Salvation (2009) is pushing it forward, it will be breaking records all the time. If director McG has the T4 and the kind of shots that has the audience thinking, 'Now how did he do that?' -- then it is 'Terminator' and you can blow everyone away and every record at the box office. [on Terminator Salvation (2009)] I hope they do well, and I hope it is a huge hit. I do hope it creates a spectacle on the screen. That is what James Cameron created. [on watching Will Ferrell movies] In those you howl for two hours and you feel like you get a six-pack of ab muscles from all the laughs! [on Terminator Salvation (2009)] I wasn't sure who the Terminator was. I don't know if there is one or if he's the star or the hero. These are the things that determine the success and how strong the movie will be. I know California is supposed to be a place where dreams come true, but my life has gone way beyond the dream. My dream was to come to America, become the greatest bodybuilder of all time and do what Reg Park had done by going into Hercules movies. And if that worked out, I was going to build a gym business and then live happily ever after. Then all of a sudden I shot right by my dream. I stopped doing the strong man stuff, did the Terminator movies and became the highest-paid actor in Hollywood. I got $30 million for Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), you know. [on the death of Michael Jackson ] Michael was a pop phenomenon who never stopped pushing the envelope of creativity. Though there were serious questions about his personal life, Michael was undoubtedly a great entertainer and his popularity spanned generations and the globe. [on the death of Patrick Swayze ] Patrick Swayze was a talented and passionate artist who struck a memorable chord with audiences throughout the world. He played a wide range of characters both on stage and in movies and his celebrated performances made the hard work of acting look effortless - which I know from experience is not easy. As a fan and as an actor, I admired Patrick and I know that he will be dearly missed. On behalf of all Californians, Maria and I send our deepest condolences to Patrick's family, friends and fans. I am here to spend. I love to spend Hollywood's money! (June 1993). [on Sylvester Stallone in The Expendables (2010)] It is a great inspiration for people to see someone at his age still at the top of his game -- acting, writing, directing, doing his own stunts and fight scenes -- I mean, what an amazing talent. And for him to still be so athletic and be able to rip off his shirt and have a six-pack is just unbelievable. [on the death of Tony Curtis ] Tony Curtis was a Hollywood icon, a great performer and artist and devoted family man. I saw his extraordinary talent and ability to inspire generations of Americans firsthand on the set of Christmas in Connecticut (1992)' and will always remember our times together. [on a return to movies when his term as Governor of California ends] I have no idea. So it depends if someone comes with a great script or a great idea...you know, would I still have the patience to sit on the set and to do a movie for three months or six months? All of those things, I don't know, but I did have a meeting with James Cameron , we talked about some very important things. The meaning of life is not simply to exist, to survive, but to move ahead, to go up, to achieve, to conquer. (On the power of visualizing your goals) When I was very young, I visualized myself being and having what it was that I wanted. The mind is really so incredible. Before I won my first Mr. Universe, I walked around the tournament like I owned it. The title was already mine. I had won it so many times in my mind that there was no doubt I would win it. Then, when I moved on to the movies, the same thing. I visualized myself being a successful actor and earning big money. I could feel and taste success. I just knew it would happen. [on the passing of Elaine Kaufman] Elaine was an early supporter of my acting career and would often call to let me know when an influential writer or producer came in so I could stop and schmooze. [on Terminator Salvation (2009)] The last one was awful. It tried hard, not that they didn't try, the acting and everything - it missed the boat. [on visiting Venice, California] This place is insane. You never have to smoke a joint. You just go on a bicycle ride in the morning, inhale, and you live off everyone else. [on Predator 2 (1990)] A predator in a city is a bad idea. [on his career as a bodybuilder] I had a very clear vision of where I wanted to go. You realize you have to pay no attention to the naysayers. When you learn those lessons in sports, you can apply those lessons for the rest of your life. [on his Governor's salary] I didn't take a penny of my salary during my terms. After all, it was petty cash compared to what you make in the movies. You can't have a life full of successes. In bodybuilding, I tried bench-pressing 500lb many times and failed. That's how you get there. You have to be daring. They're writing right now Terminator Genisys (2015). There have been some writers on it for the last year-and-a-half and they could not pull it off. We have told them over and over that they are going in the wrong direction, now they've finally got rid of those writers and they've got new really quality writers. Now they're going in the right direction. I think this year the script will be finished and we will be able to go into pre-production. [on the death of his mentor Joe Weider ] He advised me on my training, on my business ventures, and once, bizarrely, claimed I was a German Shakespearean actor to get me my first acting role in -- Hercules in New York (1970) even though I barely spoke English. He was there for me constantly throughout my life, and I will miss him dearly. [his father] A lot of sons would have been crippled by his demands, but instead the discipline rubbed off on me. I turned it into drive. To this day, I'm more comfortable when there's someone to schmooze with until I fall asleep. When you grow up in a harsh environment, you never forget how to withstand physical punishment, even long after the hard times end. If you wanted a girl, you had to make an effort to have a conversation, not just drool like a horny dog. I associate glasses with intellectuals. I came to America, won Mr. Universe, and now I'm in the movies. Most bodybuilders don't have very interesting insights or routines. In America, unlike Europe, there weren't a million obstacles to starting a business. After coming to California, I posed in the heights above Malibu. Bodybuilders like this spot because the ridges in the distance seem little and your muscles look bigger than the mountains. The applause of a crowd made me stronger. If you get muscles, you can go to the beach and pick up girls. Americans love foreign names. I wanted to be rich very quickly. Monstrous, futuristic, what I envisioned America as all about. Something that seems impossible at the start can be achieved. [on sweat] It's a great way to lose body fat. Nights without sleep don't mean you can't perform at a high level the next day and days without food don't mean you'll starve. I aimed to be a leader someday. If you let ego show through, you're put in your place. [on journalists] They see everything from the outside. Staying on top of the hill is harder than climbing it. Its great to have someone to go home to. When you have a relationship in a foreign language, you have to be extra careful not to miscommunicate. I couldn't believe how difficult learning a new language could be. Pronunciations were especially dangerous. [Mr. Universe, Mr. World and Mr. Olympia] Winning all three would be like unifying the heavyweight title in boxing: it would make me the undisputed world champion. Mr World was by far the biggest bodybuilding event I'd ever seen. In bodybuilding I was king of the mountain, but in everyday LA I was just another immigrant struggling to learn English and make a life. I was glad to be away living my own life. I always saw myself as a citizen of the world. The more popular bodybuilding grew in prisons, the more guys would get the message to behave. Winning narrowly didn't make me feel good; I wanted my dominance to be clear. [after his father had a stroke] It was painful and upsetting to see a man who had been so smart and so strong lose his coordination and his ability to think. He died not long after. [his nephew Patrick] He became my pride and joy. Real estate was the place to invest. The math of real estate really spoke to me. I like to always wander in like a puppy. Bodybuilders look in the mirror as they train. You need to be your own trainer. If millions of people came to see my movies someday, it was important that they know where the muscles came from. I wanted to promote bodybuilding, both so that more people would take part and to benefit my career. If I wanted to promote bodybuilding to a new audience, I'd have to find my own way. [on bodybuilding] It needed fresh blood. I find joy in the gym because every rep and every set gets me one step closer to my goal. I liked getting swept up into a cloud of celebs. [on Jack Nicholson , 'Warren Beatty', and Roman Polanski ] They all had such enormous passion for their profession. Having women in the gym made us train harder. I had no idea that reading from a script means you're supposed to act out the role. [personal motto] Presentation, presentation, presentation. When somebody sets the bar so low, you can't go wrong. [endorsing bodybuilding publicly] It was a boost for bodybuilding in America; suddenly the sport had a face and a personality. In an entertainment interview, you could just make up stuff! In bodybuilding, you try to suppress emotions and march forwards with determination; in acting its the opposite. To live your life as an actor, you can't be afraid of someone stirring up your emotions. Europe was always far less puritanical than the United States. Sometimes its hard to explain to your toddler what you do at the office. I've been retired from bodybuilding since 1980 but I'll always stay involved. [during his open-heart surgery] Maria (Shriver) put a brave face on a scary situation. I get goosebumps when Nelson Mandela talks about inclusion, tolerance and forgiveness. [on Maria Shriver ] If I hadn't been her style and she hadn't been mine, we never would have ended up together. Maria meshed with everything that I was, what I stood for, and what I was doing. I got addicted to her. Maria was such a forceful personality that she would just run over guys. She wanted to be unique and different. I was a self-made man. In politics, when disputes arise and camps form, you have to grasp what's happening and move very quickly. I could go on for hours about what draws me to Maria (Shriver) but still never fully explain the magic. Love stories are built around people's idiosyncrasies. [on Conan the Barbarian] There was no stunt double because it would have been difficult to find someone with a body like mine. Dino (De Laurentiis) had a reputation for getting things done. He was very powerful in that way, and people in Hollywood knew it and didn't mess with him. [on Conan the Barbarian (1982)] I'd never done a love scene on camera and found it really strange. My character and his stolen Harley were a perfect combo of cyborg and machine in Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). Our first major decision as a couple (he and Maria Shriver ) was to find a house and call it our place. When people come to me with a movie concept or a script, I always ask "What is the poster? What is the image? What are we trying to sell here?" Danny DeVito is a master of comedy, loves stogies, and cooks pasta on the set-no wonder he made such a great twin. Ivan Reitman took a chance on me as a comic hero. Sylvester Stallone , Bruce Willis and I had great fun opening Planet Hollywood restaurants around the world. Total anonymity is almost impossible in Hollywood. The outside world looked at our relationship (he and Maria Shriver) in a simple-minded way, as a juicy success story. According to this way of thinking, Maria becomes part of my trophy collection. [on Maria Shriver ] She brought a great foundation of knowledge and was a great partner to work with because we both grew. When you start out, its all about one to one contact. I'd always advanced by starting with a clear vision and working as hard as possible to achieve it. For Maria (Shriver) to go out and be in front of the camera was a real declaration of independence. [on Maria Shriver ] She was the ideal woman for me. Writing something is different from saying it. I was Conan, and millions of dollars were being spent to make me shine. For the first time, I felt like the star. [on Oprah Winfrey ] She was talented and aggressive, and you could tell she believed in herself. An aspect of being a Kennedy cousin (Maria Shriver) was that you were never completely free. Since there were so many cousins, the number of command performances were high. Every one of the killings in Conan (the Barbarian) was well shot and extraordinary. [on Conan the Barbarian (1982)] A Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977) set on Earth. (John) Milius always pushed the envelope. Conan (the Barbarian) has stunts that have since been outlawed from movies. The bloodshed in Conan seems tame by today's standards. At the time, the film introduced a whole new dimension of violence on screen. Actors had five quarts of blood strapped to their chests, the same amount in the human body. Whenever it was spilled, Milius shot it against a light background to get the full carnage. I was really annoyed by the way that powerful studio executives kowtowed to the members of the ratings board. I saw myself as a businessman first. [on Ronald Reagan] He was wonderful at painting ideas in ways that everyone could understand. My definition of living is to have excitement always; that's the difference between living and existing. If you want to fight prejudice you have to have tolerance centers everywhere. I was amazed to see how negative most of the people in Hollywood remained toward Reagan during his presidency. He represented the values that had brought me to America. The US was the greatest country with the best opportunities and now that it was my home, I wanted to keep it that way and make it even better. After the turmoil and gloom of the 1970s, Americans voted for Reagan because he reminded them of their strength. [the outrageous and conservative sides to his personality] I wanted to feel comfortable in both worlds. There has to be investment in the public good. I'd have made more money if Jimmy Carter still occupied the White House. You do a movie or a book, you promote the hell out of it, you travel the world as if its your marketplace, and in the meantime, you work out and take care of business and explore even more. When I learned about The Terminator (1984), I loved the idea that he was a machine that never had to sleep. For me, the question was always how to fit in all the stuff I want to do. I seldom saw my life as hectic, the thought rarely crossed my mind. I'm not a religious person. I never like to cut things from my life; I only add. I'd felt like an American from the time I was 10 years old. [his first thought when he met James Cameron ] A skinny, intense guy. I never went to a competition to compete; I went to win. I wasn't sure I was free from prejudice; I'd made prejudiced comments. When you promote a movie, you want to win over everybody. If you give political speeches, you are bound to turn off somebody. I considered the US my permanent home. I kept quiet about politics whenever I visited Austria. I never wanted to be perceived as some wise guy coming back and telling people what to do. I always believed in shooting for the top, and to become an American is like becoming a member of the winning team. [his first thought about The Terminator (1984)] Strange name. Poses are the snapshots, and the routine is the movie. Bodybuilding is a lot like politics; you go from town to town, hoping word will spread. [on bodybuilding competitions] You can't just pose on stage like a robot and then walk off; people will never get to know your personality. At the top of the ladder, there was always room for one more. The more people who stay on the bottom, the more crowded it becomes. If I can see it and believe it, then I can achieve it. [on James Cameron ] He seemed more real than the people I met from Hollywood. [on The Terminator (1984)] No thinking, no blinking, no thought, just action. [on restaurants] In Hollywood, the actor never pays. Once I've locked in on a vision for myself, I always resist changing the plan. I'm a big believer in hard work, grinding it out, and not stopping until it's done. [on James Cameron ] The women he married, although a long list, were women you didn't want to mess with. I never left the house without $1000 in cash and a no-limit credit card. The conventional wisdom in Hollywood is that playing a villain is career suicide. I think more like a businessman than like a typical actor. Compared to Conan the Barbarian (1982), Conan the Destroyer (1984) was a trip to Club Med. [on James Cameron ] A control freak, he has eyes in the back of his head. He knows the name of everyone on the set and no screwup gets past him; if you screw up he'll make a scene publicly and embarrass you. I always think the world of people who make a project their own and are on it 24 hours a day. [the Golden Raspberry Awards] A kind of Oscar in reverse for bad movies. You should marry when you're set financially and the toughest struggles of your career are behind you. Most marriages break up over financial issues. I wasn't marrying her ( Maria Shriver ) because she came from wealth. What was Maria's was hers. [ Maria Shriver 's portrait in his art collection] Among these beautiful images, Maria's was the gem. [on Jacqueline Kennedy] She had an amazing ability to ask questions that would make you wonder "how did she know that"? She always made people feel welcome. Gitte ( Brigitte Nielsen ) had a personality filled with laughter and fun mixed with a great hunger for attention. When you make a movie, you can never really predict what will turn out to be the most repeated line. [on The Terminator] The American public accepted me as both a hero and a villain. In the mind of the public, the star is responsible for a movie's success. [on marriage] Just let me stumble into it; I don't want to be forewarned. You can over-think anything. There are always negatives. The more you know, the less you tend to do something. [on marriage] I might not have done it if I'd known everything I'd have to go through. I'm always comparing life to a climb, not just because there's a struggle but also because I find at least as much joy in the climbing as in reaching the top. I pictured marriage as a whole mountain range of fantastic challenges. [on Grace Jones ] An interesting non-actor; talented and entertaining, she could not do anything low-key. Have at least ten good laughs a day. The makeup trailer is the place on the set where everyone talks. If anybody's worried about anything, that's where you see it. It's the mother of all beauty salons. The makeup trailer is all about a soothing atmosphere, because you're getting ready for a scene. Actresses have more problems than the average housewife. [on his wedding day] I loved watching Maria (Shriver) coming up the aisle. She looked so regal but at the same time, she radiated warmth and happiness. I was riding the great wave of action movies. They became as important to the 1980s as Westerns were in the 1950s. Action movies are always more of an ordeal than a pleasure to make. [on John McTiernan ] If a director of his caliber had done the sequel to Predator (1987), the movie could have become a major franchise on a par with The Terminator (1984) or Die Hard (1988). It's always easy to be smart in hindsight. Stallone and I were the leading forces in the genre. We created work for up and coming action stars like Chuck Norris , Jean-Claude Van Damme , Dolph Lundgren and Bruce Willis . Clint Eastwood began to show more muscle as a result. The body was key. The era had arrived where muscular men were viewed as attractive. Looking physically heroic had become the aesthetic. Early in my movie career, the hardest thing was giving up control. In bodybuilding, everything had been up to me. In movies, you depend on others right from the start. [on the opening scene] You have one idea and then sit down and cook up the rest. Whenever I finished filming a movie, my job was only half done. Every film had to be nurtured in the marketplace. Some of the greatest artists never sold much because they didn't know how. No matter what I did in life, I was aware that you had to sell it. Listening made me a more effective promoter. You have to cultivate your audience and expand it with each new film. Nurturing a movie means paying attention to the distributors. You do the things they feel are important because they go all out in pushing the theatres. When I had a good director, my movies went through the roof because I was directed well. If I had a director who was confused with no compelling vision for the movie, it would fizzle. I didn't make The Terminator the success that it was; it was James Cameron 's vision that made the movie great. Everything in life has a funny side. I'd always been the perfect target for jokes; there was so much material to work from. Meeting comedians helped me to understand comedy. I really liked being around people who are funny. [on Total Recall (1990)] Working with Sharon Stone will always be a challenge. She was a sweetie off the set but needed tons of attention on-set. There are just some actors who need more attention. People just have their hang-ups and insecurities and acting definitely brings that out. In acting you take criticism so much more personally. You get upset, but every job has its downside. [on Paul Verhoeven and Total Recall (1990)] So many things he said were brilliant. He had a masterful vision. He had enthusiasm, and did a great job. I was proud my interest and passion helped to bring about the movie. But the experience also proves how important marketing is - how important it is to tell the people what this is about; really blow up their skirt and make them say, "I have to go see this movie." A Special Achievement Oscar is how the Motion Picture Academy honors an accomplishment for which there is no set category. I grew up in a culture where you respect the elders. When I see a great performer, I always start to dream. Maybe its the Leo in me, the perpetual performer who always wants to be the center of attention. Starting with something disarming and funny is a good way to stand out. You become more likable, and people receive your information much better. Whenever I watched a comedy, I always thought "I could have done that!" But if I was going to branch into comedies, I would need someone to be my cheerleader. [on Total Recall (1990)] For me, it connected with the sense I had sometimes that my life was too good to be true. It wouldn't matter if you watched Total Recall (1990) 20 years from now, you could still enjoy it. There's just something very appealing about futuristic movies if they have great action and believable characters. A change in studio management can sink a movie. Once you pick a director, you have to have total faith in him and go with his judgment. [on The Running Man (1987)] It was totally screwed up by hiring a first-time director and not giving him time to prepare. [his first impression of Paul Verhoeven on Total Recall (1990)] A skinny, intense-looking Dutch guy. Every director wants to pee on the script and make his mark. [on Danny DeVito ] He's the opposite of a crazy Hollywood personality and the Milton Berle of comic acting. Compared to an action hero, it was easier being a comic star. [his singing ability] I'm no Frank Sinatra . The only time I sing in real life is at the end of a party when I want the guests to leave. [on George Bush ] He had tremendous strength of character and will. This was our next President, the real American hero. He had a casual approach to campaigning; not everything had to be perfect. I belonged to the NRA because I believed in the constitutional right to bear arms. I am a patriotic American. I saw Ronald Reagan and George Bush take an economy that looked like Pee-wee Herman and make it look like Superman. Eisenhower and Kennedy championed fitness as a way for America to stand strong against the Soviets. Fitness is important for all Americans, not just athletes. A lot of schools have great athletic programs but not great fitness programs. I'd never seen a director fine-tune a movie as methodically as Ivan Reitman . I was on a crusade around the world to promote health and fitness to young people. Governments don't want to be told they're doing something wrong. I'd always felt we lacked real men in movies. [when his first child was born] Fuck! This is my first baby. You can be so overwhelmed by something that billions of people in history have done. And from that moment on, your life as a couple has changed. But as long as you love the baby, you'll figure it out, just like with everything you love doing. Caring for babies is hardwired into the brain. I was addicted to public service. Humour was what made me stand out from other action leads. It opened up the (action) movie and made it appealing to more people. [on The Terminator (1984), Commando (1985), Predator (1987) and Total Recall (1990)] They all focused on the universal theme of good vs evil. If the press sees you coming out of the Oval Office with the President, you'll win respect. Fitness is fun. I felt very strongly that I had to carry to all 50 states the message that fitness was a national priority. I love being on the road and meeting people. That's what I do best. The Great American Workout was from 7 to 9 o'clock in the morning. When in Austria, I often put on traditional clothes and do as the Austrians do. Hiking in the Alps I'd sometimes wear loud obnoxious Hawaiian shorts just to get a rise out of the Lederhosen traditionalists. [on James Cameron ] [He] is a big believer in surprising the audience. His knowledge of science and the world of the future went way beyond the ordinary. [on Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)] It was typical James Cameron genius to have character development in a machine. My friendship with the President (George Bush Sr) quickly became a very big part of my life. It was warm from the time we first met during the Reagan years. [on the Gulfstream III jet] The perfect vehicle for visiting the States. After being the fitness czar, running for Governor of California felt like deja vu. My talent is fitness and this is something I can give back. You can't have people just like your movie, you need them to be passionate. Word of mouth is what makes movies big, because while you can put in millions to promote the movie on the first weekend, you can't afford to do that every week. Its embarrassing to fail at the box office. When you feel embarrassed, you assume the whole world is focused on your failure. [on George Bush ] If you had talent and did him a favour or he liked you, he would push you forward whether it made sense or not. He was a different breed, a sweetheart of a guy. The fact he put such trust in me had a powerful effect. I felt there would never, ever be a time, no matter what happened, when I would violate that trust or let the man down. A person's muscles don't care where the resistance comes from. America wouldn't be the land of the free if it wasn't the home of the brave. When you see the work they do and the risks they take, you realize what we owe our military. 1991 was golden for me. [on Planet Hollywood] A glitzy new moneymaking machine. It was not just an event; it was the beginning of an empire. I came to America because it's the greatest place in the world, and I'm going to do everything I can to keep it the greatest place. I've always felt appreciative of the armed forces because I've benefited from the American dream, and their courage and determination is what safeguards it. [during Conan the Destroyer (1984)] I'm finally getting paid a million dollars for a movie, but now Sylvester Stallone 's making 3 million, I feel like I'm standing still. If I heard an idea or saw a script that was exceptionally good and triggered something in me, I wanted to make that movie. I loved the idea of new challenges, along with new dangers of failure. Clint (Eastwood) was one of the few Hollywood personalities who had his head screwed on straight. (Richard) Nixon was very good at paying attention to you. We need more leaders like him. Nobody in Hollywood wins all the time. At some point, you're bound to get a beating. America can be powerful only if you have a strong military. I figured that the idea of eventually ending up in politics was not that far fetched when someone like (Richard) Nixon suggested it. I love factories, and whenever I'm passionate about a product, I want to see it being made. Cubans are geniuses. They have the best climate, they have the best soil, and they have the tradition: generations of people who are passionate about rolling cigars and who are always looking for ways to make the cigars ever more perfect. When you look at a cigar and it has those thick veins in it, it's either a cheaper cigar or someone wasn't paying attention. As with everything, it's important to have a great-looking label. Cuban cigars truly are as good as people say. You can sniff out the fakes ones within seconds. I always like to be called up for a speech without any prior notice. No-one expects you to blow people up in a comedy. When you feel good about someone and you know specifically why, it's not difficult at all to speak from the heart. I'm like a little kid who loves to show off and share things that I have experienced. I thought I was the poster boy for the American dream. I came to the US virtually broke, worked hard, kept focused on my goal, and made it. This really was the land of opportunity. If a kid like me could do it, anybody could. I had a fire inside of me to succeed. Anything is possible, but you have to do your end of the work. Making money was never my only goal, but money opened the door to interesting investments. In the mid-1990s the Internet was just an odd new idea. The most important thing was not how much you make, but how much you invest, how much you keep. I never wanted to join the long list of famous entertainers and athletes who wiped out financially. My goal was to get rich and stay rich. I never like business relationships that are purely work. [his personal motto] Take one dollar and turn it into two. I wanted big investments that were interesting, creative and different. Conservative bets didn't interest me. I was proud to pay taxes on the money I earned. I could tolerate big risks in exchange for big returns, but I'm always open to new ideas. Singapore Airlines had the best reputation in the airline business. The Boeing 747 was the ballsiest airliner. Stan Winston 's special effects studio was torture; on The Terminator, it took 30 minutes for the cement to dry when designing the prosthetics to cover my face. The first time I went through it I got very anxious and thought of pleasant memories to endure it. My heart surgery reminded me of all that. The more you promote yourself as the ultimate action hero, the more people form a larger than life perception of you. [after heart surgery] I felt as vigorous as Hercules. Planet Hollywood opened in Moscow, Sydney, Helsinki, London, San Antonio Texas (drawing 100,000 spectators) and Paris. Planet Hollywood was like The Beatles . Sometimes when you look at a deal, you see less danger and you're too willing to take the plunge. The more risky things are, the more upside there is. I'd hear guys bragging about their new Gulfstream IV or IV-SP and I'd get to say, "That's great guys. Let me talk about my 747..." It was a great conversation stopper. God is the one who made the science possible. [on heart surgery] Big risk, big reward. [on Maria Shriver ] She had a tendency to blow things up into high drama, even things that weren't life and death, whereas I would play everything down. I'm a person who does not like to talk about things over and over. I make quick decisions, I don't ask opinions, and I don't think over the same things. I want to move on. She's an outward processor, while I keep things bottled up. There's a moment going into surgery that I really hate. The moment when the anesthesia takes hold, when you know you're going out, losing consciousness and don't know if you'll ever wake up from it. [after heart surgery] I got a second or third lease on life. on [Planet Hollywood] I'd love to do it again, only to have it managed better. Whoopi (Goldberg), Bruce (Willis), Sly (Stallone) and all the other big-name participants would tell you that Planet Hollywood was fun. With the huge parties, openings, premieres, we met people all over the world and had the time of our lives. She ( Maria Shriver ) is a very good writer, with an unbelievable vocabulary and grace with words. Holidays become more meaningful when you have a family. Talking to kids in your second language is never easy to do. After I came to America, I learned to think a bit more about my family rather than just myself. With my mother I built a good relationship where she and I really communicated. I loved doing things for my mother. She deserved to be treated like a queen. She was buried next to my father because they were so connected. You're just one person, and the country is much bigger, and it's what will live forever. Big-time celebrities don't like flying commercial. Promotion and merchandising were realms I truly understood. [on California] America's golden state. America is my true home. I wasn't interested in symbols. I was interested in action. Big cats have always fascinated me. Independent producers are the saviours in Hollywood because they'll take risks that the big studios won't. I love shooting at night because I have a lot of energy at night and I get lots of inspiration. [on heart surgery] It gave me energy beyond belief. I feel like a totally new person. And I no longer had to convince people that I still had a pulse. [on being governor] He can bring a vision to the state; you get blamed for everything and you get credit for everything. It's high risk, high reward. I felt tremendous loyalty and pride about California. I wanted America to stay the bastion of free enterprise and protect it from following Europe in the direction of bureaucracy and stagnation. You make a big mistake to lock in programs that require you to keep spending at boom-time levels. The more I read up on California, the more it was like bad news piled on top of bad news. We can't continue this way. We need change. I was fiscally conservative, pro-business, against raising taxes, pro-choice, pro-gay, pro-lesbian, pro-environment, pro-reasonable gun control, pro-reasonable social safety net. We needed to avoid trying to win over the press and instead play to the people. I was all about leadership and major projects and reforms that could attract massive public support. I pride myself on being able to juggle many tasks. I got a college education while bodybuilding, married Maria (Shriver) in the middle of filming Predator, and made Kindergarten Cop and Terminator 2 while launching Planet Hollywood. Most juvenile crime is committed between 3 and 6 o'clock in the afternoon. I would not go into a competition with a disadvantage. If you don't get killed, you win. I thought I would never die. [winning the title of Mr Universe] It is my lifetime realized. I am very happy to be Mr Universe. I say it again, it sounds so good. I am very happy to be Mr Universe. My thanks to everyone in England who have helped me. They have been very kind to me. Thank you all. Los Angeles stood out because it was the only big city that had after-school programs in every one of its 90 elementary schools. State officials and lawmakers just didn't see after-school programs as important. After-school programs not only help the kids but also reduce the strain on the teachers. Young kids relate better to young people, especially after a whole day of teachers and school. They want counsellors in jeans and with spiky hair, who can serve as parent figures but who don't look like them - not that many retired teachers want to go back to work. The reason I wanted to be healthy was that I never wanted to ask anyone for money. It was so against my grain. Raising cash from the set of a movie was a huge advantage. I had a track record of organizing summits across fifty states. I loved seeing wounded veterans and entertaining them and thanking them for their great work. I'd assumed that a recall would be just like a normal election. I never argued with people who underestimated me. If the accent and the muscles and the movies made people think I was stupid, it worked to my advantage. Our elected leaders will either act decisively, or we will act in their place. [governorship] I would give up my movie career for that. Californians love their cars. Spend no more than the state is taking in. Its hard for any governor to make the changes that were needed. I loved it when people say that something can't be done. That's when I really get motivated; I like to prove them wrong. And I liked the idea of working on something bigger than me. [California] It is the place in the world where everyone wants to go. It was wrapped in problems, but it was also heaven. There is a disconnect between the people of California and the politicians of California. We the people are doing our job: work hard, pay taxes, raise our families. The politicians are not doing their job. They fiddle, they fumble, and they fail. These words resonated more strongly than any movie script I'd read. [Baghdad] The wild driving, the poverty, no money and a leadership vacuum - like California right now. I was not the least bit intimidated by the thought of a campaign. It was like every other major decision I'd faced. I thought about winning. I knew it would happen. I was locked in automatic pilot. As every spouse knows, you have to pick the right moment to bring up a loaded subject. When I came here, California was a beacon. [why he wanted to become governor of California] I'm tired of this acting stuff. I need a new challenge. In politics everybody knows everything. You're totally exposed. When I met Maria [Shriver], she was full of life, excitement, and hunger for the world. She wanted to be a rebel, not have a job on Capitol Hill. Whatever she [Maria Shriver] wanted to do, I would help her get there. One side of Maria [Shriver] was ballsy and brave and wanted to be a strong partner. Making a career decision had always been an incredible high. Making a career decision as a husband and a father was a whole different deal. Declaring a candidacy was so loaded. California is more important than everyone's career. Is firefighting a macho enough profession for an action hero? The real life heroism at Ground Zero laid that question to rest. Elected officials usually hate ballot initiatives because they reduce their power and make the state harder to govern. Republicans and unions usually don't mix. I wanted to know what it really took to run for office, given that I wasn't a typical candidate. I remember marvelling at how ordinary citizens could limit the state's power. I took pride in my financial independence. Leave no stone unturned. I always paid close attention to focus groups and surveys and in politics, opinion research plays an even bigger role. [being governor of California] This was the best job I ever had. There is no contradiction in being both a Republican and an environmentalist For me, talking convincingly about the future was easy: all I had to do was point to what we'd achieved since I came into office. California politics was this big centrifuge that forced voters, policies and parties away from the center. I challenged Californians to stop yielding to the far left and the far right and return to the center. Centrist does not mean weak, or watered down or warmed over. It means well balanced and well grounded. The American people are instinctively centrist. So should be our government. America's political parties should return to the center, where the people are. The left and the right don't have a monopoly on conscience. We are not waiting for politics, for our problems to get worse, or for the federal government. Because the future does not wait. Not only can we lead California into the future, we can show the nation and the world how to get there. [politics] You get so immersed in the job there are side effects on the people you love. Even if you succeed in protecting your wife and kids from the public spotlight, they feel they're sharing and losing you. Trying to reform health care had almost destroyed Bill Clinton 's presidency. I'd always thought it was a disgrace that the greatest country in the world didn't provide a health care system for all of its people, as many European countries do. Our health care reform became America's, and California led the way. All the great ideas come from local governments. I am of the Reagan view that we should not go off the cliff with flags flying. The California Republican Party should be a right of center party that occupies the broad middle of California. Even when acting in a movie, I would not shoot a stunt if I hadn't rehearsed it a minimum of ten times. President Bush (Jr) was always available to talk. If I raised only one issue at a time, I would get a fair hearing. If you need to do something that's not in the manual, throw the manual out. Never bullshit. The statistics in the wake of a disaster are always tragic. When the federal government meddles in markets, the states pay the price. When you're spending more money than you're taking in, you cut spending. Simple. Ad-libbing can backfire when you're running for governor. I'm not really the crying type. It's painful to have just endorsed things that you now have no money for. I felt like a schmuck backing out on commitments I wanted to make but could no longer afford. The consequences of cuts are not just dollars, but people. We're all getting screwed. I was forced to make unpopular decisions that nobody, least of all me, was happy about. [on his children] The drama of the presidential election interested them more than my job. I believe in sprinting through to the finish line. All great movements in history start out on a grassroots level, not in places like Washington or Paris or Moscow or Beijing. I'm proud to say I found a way to cram 36 hours of work into a single day. Budget negotiations are no different than grueling five hour weight lifting sessions in the gym. The joy of working out is that with each painful rep you get a step closer to achieving your goal. I was deeply frustrated with party leaders and the press for not making plain the budget history. When I stepped up to the podium, I was overwhelmed to realize I was standing where John F. Kennedy , Nelson Mandela and Mikhail Gorbachev had all addressed the UN before me. Unlike regular politicians, I had nothing to lose. Six years of ups and downs forged me as a governor. I had more forward momentum than ever before. I felt more like a hungry eagle rather than a lame duck. The key to real permanent reform is being in sync with the hearts and minds of the people. We had rattled so many cages on the left and the right with our reforms. Of all the things I've done with my life, nothing is seared in my memory more than looking into the eyes of someone who has just lost everything he loved in the world. Being governor was more complex and challenging than I had imagined. That's the problem of presenting yourself as the Governator. You can do miracles but not the kind that require wearing a cape and being able to fly. As governor, you're neither a solitary champion nor a star. Compared to making a movie, when you accomplish something in government, the satisfaction is so much larger and long lasting. In a movie, you are entertaining people for a few hours in a dark theatre. In government, you are affecting entire lives; generations even. Change takes big balls. I've always idolized (Mikhail) Gorbachev because of the courage it took to dismantle the political system that he grew up under. For Gorbachev to have the guts to embrace change rather than further oppress his people or pick fights with the West has always amazed me. Fitness promotes health and enhances the quality of life. [lying to Maria Shriver about his infidelity] Instead of doing the right thing, I'd just put the truth in a mental compartment and locked it up where I didn't deal with it every day. [on his illegitimate son] Politically, I didn't feel it was anybody's business because I hadn't campaigned on family values. If I was going to talk about bad behavior, I wanted to do it on my own timetable. Although Maria (Shriver) and I remain separated, I still try to treat everyone as if we are together. Maria has a right to be bitterly disappointed and never look at me the same way again. What had made my career fun for more than 30 years was sharing it with Maria (Shriver). We'd done everything together and now there was no one to come home to. A green global economy is desirable, necessary, and within reach. You start reading scripts and visualizing the scene and how to direct it, how to choreograph the stunt, and then you get into it and then you look forward to doing it. Normally an action star keeps to himself on the set. There's a difference between being 35 and almost 65. [University of Southern California] It prides itself on being neither conservative nor liberal but open minded. It operates by promoting discussion to draw the best ideas from the brightest minds across the political spectrum. The great leaders always talk about things that are much bigger than themselves. They say working for a cause that will outlive us is what brings meaning and joy. The more I'm able to accomplish in the world, the more I agree. I always wanted to be an inspiration for people, but I never set out to be a role model in everything. It's never been my goal to set an example in everything I do. I don't believe that violence on-screen creates violence on the street or in the home. Otherwise there would have been no murders before movies were invented, and the Bible is full of them. I prefer being way out there, shocking people. Rebelliousness is part of what drove me from Austria. Being outrageous is a way to succeed. No one could put me in a mold. Being different was right up my alley. Life is richer when we embrace the multitudes we all contain. Impossible was a word I loved to ignore when I was governor. The only way to make the possible possible is to try the impossible. If you fail, so what? That's what everybody expects. But if you succeed, you make the world a much better place. Never follow the crowd. Go where it's empty. It's easier to stand out when you aim straight for the top. No matter what you do in life, selling is part of it. You can do the finest work and if people don't know, you have nothing! The most important thing is to make people aware. [on Muhammad Ali ] I always admired him because he was a champion, had a great personality, and he was generous and always thoughtful toward others. If all athletes could be like him, the world would be better off. Don't overthink. If you think all the time, the mind cannot relax. Part of us needs to go through life instinctively. Turning off your mind is an art. Knowledge is extremely important for making decisions. The more knowledge you have, the more you're free to rely on your instincts. The more you know, the more you hesitate. When you are not confident of your decision-making process, it will slow you down. Overthinking is why people can't sleep at night: it cripples you. Many movie deals are made under pressure, and if you freeze, you lose. To test yourself and grow, you have to operate without a safety net. Forget Plan B. If there is no Plan B, then Plan A has to work. You can use outrageous humour to settle a score. What are the odds for an Austrian farm boy to come to America and become the greatest bodybuilding champion of all time, to get in the movie business, marry a Kennedy, and then get elected governor of the biggest state in the United States? If government is not taking in enough revenue because of an economic slowdown, then everyone should chip in and sacrifice. Writing out my goals became second nature, and so did the conviction that there are no shortcuts. It took hundreds and even thousands of repetitions for me to learn to hit a great three-quarter back pose, deliver a punchline, dance the tango in True Lies (1994), paint a beautiful birthday card, and say "I'll be back" just the right way. I have come to feel great affection for the peoples of the world, because they have always been so welcoming to me, whether as a bodybuilder, a movie star, a private citizen, or as governor of the great state of California. Don't blame your parents. They've done their best for you, and if they've left you with problems, those problems are now yours to solve. I could channel my upbringing in a positive way rather than complain. I could use it to have a vision, set goals, find joy. I don't have to lick my wounds. Sometimes you have to appreciate the very people and circumstances that traumatized you. Today I hail the strictness of my upbringing, and the fact I didn't have anything I wanted in Austria, because those were the very factors that made me hungry; it put fuel on the fire in my belly. It drove and motivated me. There are a thousand keys to success. [on his infidelity] It was one of those stupid things that I promised myself never to do. A lot of people, no matter how successful or unsuccessful in life, make stupid choices involving sex. Secrecy is just part of me. I keep things to myself no matter what. I'm not a person who was brought up to talk. Bodybuilders who are blind to themselves or deaf to others usually fall behind. [on Mr. Universe] I wanted to win it so decisively that people would forget I'd ever lost. Take care of your body and your mind. Focusing on the body was no problem for me. I realized that the mind is a muscle and we should train it too. If world leaders have time to work out, so do you. [Gorbachev dismantling the USSR] I'm amazed by the courage it took to not go for immediate gratification but to look for the best direction for the country in the long run. To me Gorbachev is a hero, at the same level as Nelson Mandela, who overcame the anger and despair of 27 years in prison. When given the power to shake the world, both of them chose to build rather than destroy. [on Pope John Paul II balancing his duties with an exercise regime] If that guy can do it, I've got to get up even earlier! Be hungry for success, hungry to make your mark, hungry to be seen and to be heard and to have an effect. And as you move up and become successful, make sure also to be hungry for helping others. Don't rest on your laurels. Too many former athletes spend their lives talking about how great they were 20 years ago. So many accomplished people just coast. They wish they could still be somebody and not just talk about the past. There is much more to life than being the greatest at one thing. We learn so much when we're successful, so why not use what you've learned, use your connections and do more with them? If you have a talent or skill that makes you happy, use it to improve your neighborhood. And if you feel a desire to do more, then go all out. You'll have plenty of time to rest when you're in the grave. Live a risky and spicy life and like Eleanor Roosevelt said, "every day do something that scares you." We should all stay hungry! Memoirs are about looking back, but I've lived my life by the opposite principle. At home I have a hundred photo albums starting with my childhood in Austria, and I never look at them. I'd rather do another project or make another movie and learn from looking forward! [on his autobiography, Total Recall] Digging up and piecing together memories proved to be as difficult as I imagined, and yet what made the work unexpectedly enjoyable was the help I got from others. I found myself swapping stories with old friends from the worlds of bodybuilding, business, sports, Hollywood and politics - a large cast of characters. I'm grateful to all of them for helping me recreate the past and for making it immediate and friendly. Finally, I thank my family. They were generous in helping me make sure this memoir delivers on its name. And thanks especially to Maria (Shriver), for her patience with the project and for remaining as always the person I could go to whenever I got stuck. If I accomplished and solidified my position in the bodybuilding world, from then on, I would be on a roll. Nobody would stop me. There is no such thing as an Austrian Shakespearean actor. It doesn't exist. You're not supposed to laugh on the (film) set. When you're not on camera, stay in character, act your part, giving it everything you have in order to draw the best out of the actor who is being filmed. It was very difficult for me in the beginning - I was told by agents and casting people that my body was 'too weird', that I had a funny accent, and that my name was too long. You name it, and they told me I had to change it. Basically, everywhere I turned, I was told that I had no chance. A few months ago, I got rear-ended by this guy. He took off, and I chased him. I will admit I drove at a slightly excessive speed. I cut him off, and two guys jumped out of the car looking tough. But when they saw me, they just said, 'Oh shit! The Terminator!' They were nice, and gave me their information. [on Terminator Genisys (2015)] It will be challenging because it will be a new director, and it will be a really action-packed movie. And sometimes it does get more difficult when you're 66 years old and doing this kind of action, versus when you're in your 30s or 40s! [on his eighties rivalry with Sylvester Stallone ] We had a competition. And here's a perfect example of how competition is healthy, because he was trying to out-do me. But I was also trying to out-do him. So who benefited? The fans. I was training harder, he was training harder. It was a competition of who has more muscles, who has more cuts, who has the lower body fat, who uses the biggest guns, who kills the most people, who has the most creative killings, and this went on and on and on. So the movies became better and better because of it. And eventually, we grew up, right?" he said. We were doing Planet Hollywood together and we were laughing about it on the plane when we flew around. We've become very good friends, and I'm a big supporter of Sly, because I really always thought I admired him, even though there was competition. He's a great director, he's a great writer, a great actor, a great producer and also a fantastic artist. His paintings are great. And he's a great family man. He has it all. I have a love interest in every one of my films: a gun. I would never exchange my life with anybody else's. If my life was a movie, no one would believe it. No matter the nationality, no matter the religion, no matter the ethnic background, America brings out the best in people. I went from being the Terminator to being the governator. I know a lot of athletes and models are written off as just bodies. I never felt used for my body. I just use my muscles as a conversation piece, like someone walking a cheetah down 42nd Street. I was striving to be the most muscular man, and it got me into the movies. It got me everything that I have. Failure is not an option. Everyone has to succeed. I am a big believer in education, because when I grew up in Austria - when I grew up in Austria I had a great education. I had great teachers. Even with my divorce and with everything, I don't need money. I don't suffer of anything that I've lost. I think that people are interested seeing me on the screen. You know, nothing is more important than education, because nowhere are our stakes higher; our future depends on the quality of education of our children today. I have a private plane. But I fly commercial when I go to environmental conferences. My friend James Cameron and I made three films together - True Lies (1994), The Terminator (1984) and Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). Of course, that was during his early, low-budget, art-house period. There is no place, no country, more compassionate more generous more accepting and more welcoming than the United States of America. Strength does not come from winning. Your struggles develop your strengths. When you go through hardships and decide not to surrender, that is strength. People need to be insured so when you have an accident out there, or when something catastrophic happens to you, that you're covered and there's not someone else has to pay for you. That is as simple as that. The biggest problem that we have is that California is being run now by special interests. All of the politicians are not anymore making the moves for the people, but for special interests and we have to stop that. To restore the trust of the people, we must reform the way the government operates. The worst thing I can be is the same as everybody else. I hate that. I'm addicted to exercising and I have to do something every day. Political courage is not political suicide. I made my fair share of mistakes. In our society, the women who break down barriers are those who ignore limits. Politically there were failures. And also on the personal level, there were tremendous failures. Start wide, expand further, and never look back. Everything I have, my career, my success, my family, I owe to America. When the people become involved in their government, government becomes more accountable, and our society is stronger, more compassionate, and better prepared for the challenges of the future. I think that gay marriage should be between a man and a woman. Help others and give something back. I guarantee you will discover that while public service improves the lives and the world around you, its greatest reward is the enrichment and new meaning it will bring your own life. One of my movies was called True Lies (1994). It's what the Democrats should have called their convention. [He was being asked on what kind of Terminator he will be playing in Terminator Genisys (2015)] It's a character that has been programmed to protect them, to protect Sarah Connor, but I'm basically the same Terminator. I will destroy anything that's in front of me in order to save her. The last three or four reps is what makes the muscle grow. This area of pain divides the champion from someone else who is not a champion. That's what most people lack, having the guts to go on and just say they'll go through the pain no matter what happens. Freedom is a right ultimately defended by the sacrifice of America's servicemen and women. As you know, I'm an immigrant. I came over here as an immigrant, and what gave me the opportunities, what made me to be here today, is the open arms of Americans. I have been received. I have been adopted by America. Well, you know, I'm the forever optimist. I have plenty of money, unlike other Hollywood celebrities or athletes that have not invested well. As president, Reagan worked very well with Democrats to do big things. It is true that he worked to reduce the size of government and cut federal taxes and he eliminated many regulations, but he also raised taxes when necessary. The mind is the limit. As long as the mind can envision the fact that you can do something, you can do it, as long as you really believe 100 percent. [on what is like getting back into The Terminator character for Terminator Genisys (2015)] It's like you've been doing it your whole life, because I'm very passionate about the character. I think it's a great, interesting character. I think it's a great story. The whole concept that Cameron had way back in the early '80s, of creating a world where machines take over and things becoming a reality that no one could even think of in those days. It's really been great, because the whole team is really into going all out. It is fun to be in a movie like that. The studio is very enthusiastic about the Terminator movie - the producers, the director, they're very talented and great visionaries. You can tell, the stages - everything is really big and exciting. It's been a great experience. Well, I think that California has had a history of always spending more money than it takes in. Gray Davis can run a dirty campaign better than anyone, but he can't run a state. What we face may look insurmountable. But I learned something from all those years of training and competing. I learned something from all those sets and reps when I didn't think I could lift another ounce of weight. What I learned is that we are always stronger than we know. I welcome and seek your ideas, but do not bring me small ideas; bring me big ideas to match our future. I'm not perfect. I believe with all my heart that America remains 'the great idea' that inspires the world. It is a privilege to be born here. It is an honor to become a citizen here. It is a gift to raise your family here, to vote here, and to live here. If you work hard and play by the rules, this country is truly open to you. You can achieve anything. My relationship to power and authority is that I'm all for it. People need somebody to watch over them. Ninety-five percent of the people in the world need to be told what to do and how to behave. You can scream at me, call me for a shoot at midnight, keep me waiting for hours - as long as what ends up on the screen is perfect. I was born in Europe... and I've traveled all over the world. I can tell you that there is no place, no country, that is more compassionate, more generous, more accepting, and more welcoming than the United States of America. I am the most helpful and open up doors for everyone and I like to share. [He was being asked how long it takes to put on the prosthetics for Terminator Genisys (2015)] I think it was two and a half hours. But it's not every day. It depends which stage we're in the story. So this is getting now towards the end. It gets more and more severe. Women are the engine driving the growth in California's economy. Women make California's economy unique. Milk is for babies. When you grow up you have to drink beer. I came to Hollywood and within a decade I was one of the biggest action stars of all time. Government's first duty and highest obligation is public safety. I feel good because I believe I have made progress in rebuilding the people's trust in their government. I do the same exercises I did 50 years ago and they still work. I eat the same food I ate 50 years ago and it still works. Bodybuilding is much like any other sport. To be successful, you must dedicate yourself 100% to your training, diet and mental approach. My own dreams fortunately came true in this great state. I became Mr. Universe; I became a successful businessman. And even though some people say I still speak with a slight accent, I have reached the top of the acting profession. Maria is the best reason to come home. For 20 years, Simon & Schuster asked me, 'Why don't you write your autobiography?' If it bleeds, we can kill it. The resistance that you fight physically in the gym and the resistance that you fight in life can only build a strong character. Training gives us an outlet for suppressed energies created by stress and thus tones the spirit just as exercise conditions the body. The future is green energy, sustainability, renewable energy. [on if he feels protective of The Terminator franchise] Oh, no, we had very open discussions. After I got the first script, I had a lot of questions. Some of the things didn't make sense. They were tweaked; they didn't make sense to other people either. So it was fine-tuned. It was a process. There was a period of I think a few months. There were very talented people who went off and - and the great thing is that everyone was in sync. It wasn't like I was going off in one direction and David Ellison was thinking differently and then Alan was thinking differently. There was none of that. I think this is a very unique project because I think everyone is very protective - not just because of the art's sake, but I think also because of the business' sake. The studio sees this as, "If we do well here, we can go with another few. We can entertain people. We can make money. We've done a good job bringing back the franchise." So everyone is in sync with that. That's why everyone is working around the clock here to make this a great movie. I can promise you that when I go to Sacramento, I will pump up Sacramento. Learned helplessness is the giving-up reaction, the quitting response that follows from the belief that whatever you do doesn't matter. It's time to stop thinking of the Republican Party as an exclusive club where your ideological card is checked at the door, and start thinking about how we can attract more solution-based leaders like Nathan Fletcher and Anthony Adams. People should make up their own mind about what they think of me. I saw a woman wearing a sweatshirt with 'Guess' on it. I said, Thyroid problem? My body is like breakfast, lunch, and dinner. I don't think about it, I just have it. And now, of course this is another thing I didn't count on, that now as the governor of the state of California, I am selling California worldwide. You see that? Selling. The success I have achieved in bodybuilding, motion pictures, and business would not have been possible without the generosity of the American people and the freedom here to pursue your dreams. We are a forward-looking people, and we must have a forward-looking government. As long as I live, I will never forget that day 21 years ago when I raised my hand and took the oath of citizenship. Do you know how proud I was? I was so proud that I walked around with an American flag around my shoulders all day long. 'I'll be back' always sounded a little girly to me. I didn't leave bodybuilding until I felt that I had gone as far as I could go. It will be the same with my film career. When I feel the time is right, I will then consider public service. I feel that the highest honor comes from serving people and your country. If it's hard to remember, it'll be difficult to forget. What's fascinating is, people in Washington would rather spend time in Hollywood, and people in Hollywood would rather spend time in Washington. I'll be back. I think Americans are very patriotic. I have inhaled, exhaled everything. I knew I was a winner back in the late sixties. I knew I was destined for great things. People will say that kind of thinking is totally immodest. I agree. Modesty is not a word that applies to me in any way - I hope it never will. For me life is continuously being hungry. The meaning of life is not simply to exist, to survive, but to move ahead, to go up, to achieve, to conquer. It's simple, if it jiggles, it's fat. Teddy Roosevelt is still a hero among environmentalists for his conservationist policies. I told Warren if he mentions Prop. 13 one more time, he has to do 500 push-ups. I speak directly to the people, and I know that the people of California want to have better leadership. They want to have great leadership. They want to have somebody that will represent them. And it doesn't matter if you're a Democrat or a Republican, young or old. I'm not looking for sympathy at all. The writing is important, but the way you say the line and the pause you give it, the facial expression - all of that is very important. (2012) The day is twenty-four hours. I sleep six hours. That leaves eighteen hours to do something. (2012) I would always write down my New Year's resolutions and mark them off the way I mark off sets and reps... On New Year's Eve, you can just blabber out: I want to lose twenty pounds and I'm gonna read more. But what does that mean? There's too many variables there. If you're really serious about it, then write down when you're gonna lose the twenty pounds by. Is it March 1? Is it June 1? Make a commitment. (2012) The power of influence is one of the most unique powers that you can have. It's not the power of controlling people. It's developing a certain skill of communicating what you want to accomplish so that people will follow you. (2012) It was one of my early goals to be a millionaire. In the beginning, I wanted to have a gold Rolex, a Rolls-Royce, a cheetah - just stupid things that you think of when you're a kid. Then time goes by. The Rolls-Royce thing went out the window, because when you get to the level where you can afford one, all of a sudden you say, "It's a little bit over the top." A cheetah? I think in California they got rid of the law that says you can have wild animals. Having a cheetah is a stupid idea. (2012) I didn't get it at first. I'll be back. What the fuck is I'll? I will be back sounded much stronger in my mind. So I argued with Jim Cameron. And he said, "Look, Arnold, I don't tell you how to act. Please don't tell me how to write." After I saw it in the movie, I was so thankful to Cameron. That was a good lesson to learn. If someone is a good writer, stick to the script. 95% of the time you never know if a movie will be a huge success or that it will even be a sequel. I'm so happy I've been a part of some of the biggest and best action sequences. [The Terminator] James Cameron did an extraordinary job creating that character and whole phenomenon. I never thought we would do a sequel, catchphrases like "I'll be back" or "Hasta la vista, baby" would catch on and be repeated or think that 30yrs later I would be asked to come back to a franchise like this playing The Terminator, unlike Batman or James Bond. [The Terminator] It was a small movie. We really had to cut costs all the time. We shot it very quickly. We felt we had a good story and it would be successful. But we thought it would be for certain audiences only. No-one suspected it would be in Time magazine's top 10 movies of the year and that successful at the box-office and that people demanded a sequel that would be the highest grossing movie of that year. [the storm drain chase in Terminator 2] That's a fantastic scene. Most people are not comfortable with guns. [being Governor of California] I had my hands full. [James Cameron's movies] Extraordinary inspiration because it makes other directors online. [California] The seventh largest economy in the world. [James] Cameron has really stretched it beyond belief with visual effects in Judgment Day. [on becoming President of the United States]If I'd been born in America, I would've run.[October 2016] Salary (22)

Austria

Who had an 80s No 1 with Don't You Want Me?

Schwarzenegger: ‘If I’d been born in America, I would’ve run’ Schwarzenegger: ‘If I’d been born in America, I would’ve run’ Dylan Stableford Pin it Share Arnold Schwarzenegger introduces John Kasich during a rally in Columbus, Ohio, in March. (Photo: Jay LaPrete/AP) More Arnold Schwarzenegger says if he were a natural-born citizen, he would’ve made a bid for the Republican nomination this year. “If I’d been born in America, I would’ve run,” Schwarzenegger told Adweek in an interview published Monday . “Because now? This was a very good time to get in the race.” The 69-year-old Austrian-born bodybuilder turned actor turned two-term California governor, who endorsed Ohio Gov. John Kasich during the GOP primary, believes he would’ve made a better nominee than Donald Trump. Earlier this month, Schwarzenegger announced on Twitter that he will not be voting for Trump in next month’s presidential election, and he urged fellow Republicans to do the same. “For the first time since I became a citizen in 1983, I will not vote for the Republican candidate for President,” Schwarzenegger wrote. “As proud as I am to label myself a Republican, there is one label that I hold above all else – American. So I want to take a moment today to remind my fellow Republicans that it is not only acceptable to choose your country over your party – it is your duty.” As proud as I am to label myself a Republican, there is one label that I hold above all else – American. My full statement: pic.twitter.com/biRvY8S3aZ — Arnold (@Schwarzenegger) October 8, 2016 The Terminator’s #NeverTrump vow came a day after Trump’s lewd comments about women — captured on a hot mic in a leaked “Access Hollywood” tape from 2005 — came to light. But Schwarzenegger himself was accused of sexual misconduct on the eve of the 2003 gubernatorial election — allegations he admitted were, in part, true, and apologized for. Days later, Schwarzenegger won. In May, Schwarzenegger, who is taking over for Trump as host on the next season of NBC’s “Celebrity Apprentice,” hinted he might endorse one of this year’s presidential candidates . “I will make an announcement before the election, you can be sure of that,” Schwarzenegger said on “Meet the Press” that month. “I think it is important that we go and bring both of the parties together,” he said. “The more we go to the left, the more we go to the right, I believe of what President Eisenhower said, ‘Politics is like the road. The left and the right represents the gutter, and the middle is drivable.’” Reblog

i don't know

Which star of Hannah And Her Sisters has a child called Free?

Hannah and Her Sisters Movie Review (1986) | Roger Ebert Woody Allen 's "Hannah and Her Sisters," the best movie he has ever made, is organized like an episodic novel, with acute little self-contained vignettes adding up to the big picture. Advertisement Each section begins with a title or quotation on the screen, white against black, making the movie feel like a stately progression through the lives of its characters. Then the structure is exploded, time and again, by the energy and the passion of those characters: an accountant in love with his wife's sister, a TV executive who fears he is going to die, a woman whose cocaine habit has made her life a tightrope of fear, an artist who pretends to be strong but depends pitifully on his girlfriend. By the end of the movie, the section titles and quotations have made an ironic point: We try to organize our lives according to what we have read and learned and believed in, but our plans are lost in a tumult of emotion. The movie spans two years in the lives of its large cast of characters - New Yorkers who labor in Manhattan's two sexiest industries, art and money. It begins and ends at family Thanksgiving dinners, with the dinner in the middle of the film acting as a turning point for several lives. Advertisement It is hard to say who the most important characters are, but my memory keeps returning to Elliot, the accountant played by Michael Caine , and Lee, the artist's girlfriend, played by Barbara Hershey . Elliot is married to Hannah ( Mia Farrow ), but has been blind-sided with a sudden passion for Lee. She lives in a loft with the tortured artist Frederick (Max von Sydow), who treats her like his child or his student. He is so isolated from ordinary human contact that she is actually his last remaining link with reality. Lee and Hannah have a third sister, Holly ( Dianne Wiest ). They form parts of a whole. Hannah is the competent, nurturing one. Lee is the emotional, sensuous earth mother. Holly is a bundle of tics and insecurities. Advertisement When they meet for lunch and the camera circles them curiously, we sense that in some ways the movie knows them better than they will ever know themselves. And to talk about the movie that way is to suggest the presence of the most important two characters in the movie, whom I will describe as Woody Allen and Mickey. Mickey is the character played by Allen; he is a neurotic TV executive who lives in constant fear of death or disease. He was married to Hannah at one time and fathered her twin boys (after yeoman efforts). Even after Hannah's marriage to Elliot, Mickey remains a member of the family, circling its security with a winsome yearning to belong. The family itself centers on the three women's parents, played by Maureen O'Sullivan and Lloyd Nolan as an aging show-business couple who have spent decades in loving warfare over his cheating and her drinking and their mutual career decisions. Advertisement If Mickey is the character played by Woody Allen in the movie, Allen also provides another, second character in a more subtle way. The entire movie is told through his eyes and his sensibility; not Mickey's, but Allen's. From his earlier movies, especially " Annie Hall " and " Manhattan ," we have learned to recognize the tone of voice, the style of approach. Allen approaches his material as a very bright, ironic, fussy, fearful outsider; his constant complaint is that it's all very well for these people to engage in their lives and plans and adulteries, because they do not share his problem, which is that he sees through everything, and what he sees on the other side of everything is certain death and disappointment. Allen's writing and directing style is so strong and assured in this film that the actual filmmaking itself becomes a narrative voice, just as we sense Henry James behind all of his novels, or William Faulkner or Iris Murdoch behind theirs. Advertisement The movie is not a comedy, but it contains big laughs, and it is not a tragedy, although it could be if we thought about it long enough. It suggests that modern big-city lives are so busy, so distracted, so filled with ambition and complication, that there isn't time to stop and absorb the meaning of things. Neither tragedy nor comedy can find a place to stand; there are too many other guests at the party. And yet, on reflection, there is a tragedy buried in "Hannah and Her Sisters," and that is the fact of Mickey's status as the perennial outsider. The others get on with their lives, but Mickey is stuck with his complaints. He is afraid of disease and death. Not only is he certain there is no afterlife, he is very afraid that this life might also be a sham. How he ever married Hannah in the first place is a mystery; it must have been an intermediate step on his journey to his true role in life, as the ex-husband and hanger-on. Advertisement There is a scene in the movie where Michael Caine confronts Barbara Hershey and tells her that he loves her. She is stunned, does not know what to say, but does not categorically deny that she has feelings for him. After she leaves him, he stands alone on the street, ecstatic, his face glowing, saying "I've got my answer! I've got my answer!" Underlying all of "Hannah and Her Sisters" is the envy of Mickey (and Woody) that anyone could actually be happy enough and lucky enough to make such a statement. And yet, by the end of the movie, in his own way, Mickey has his answer, too. Popular Blog Posts

Barbara Hershey

Who had 70s hits with Have You Seen Her and Oh Girl?

Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) | The Film Spectrum Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) Producer: Robert Greenhut, Charles H. Joffe, Jack Rollins (Orion) Writer: Woody Allen (screenplay) Photography: Carlo Di Palma Music: James V. Monaco Cast: Mia Farrow, Michael Caine, Woody Allen, Barbara Hershey, Dianne Wiest, Max von Sydow, Carrie Fisher, Maureen O’Sullivan, Lloyd Nolan, Daniel Stern, Tony Roberts, Joanna Gleason, John Turturro, Julia Louis-Dreyfus Introduction There’s a scene in Manhattan (1979) where Woody Allen’s character is embarrassed by a tell-all book by his ex-wife (Meryl Streep), detailing all his personal flaws. Since Allen was also the film’s writer, these critiques serve as Allen’s own honest admissions of his real-life insecurities, including, “In his most private moments, he spoke of his fear of death, which he elevated to tragic heights.” It’s this idea that is expanded upon in Hannah and Her Sisters, as Allen focuses on his own existential crisis, a personal battle with the meaning of life and the prospect of death, and how our many relationships with others help to shape the time we are here. As such, Hannah and Her Sisters may simultaneously be the most profound and bare-boned of all of Allen’s films, taking the many themes he had built up to that point in his career and combining them in blatant self-expression in a 1986 Best Picture nominee that Roger Ebert called “the best movie [Woody Allen] has ever made.” Plot Summary The film spans three Thanksgivings over a period of two years, beginning and ending on Thanksgiving Day with another in between. The holiday dinner table provides the perfect window into familial relationships, and judging from the title, the whole thing revolves around New York cater waitress, Hannah (Mia Farrow), and her two sisters. Holly (Dianne Wiest) feuds with her opportunist friend April (Carrie Fisher) over the rights to Broadway auditions and a studly architect. Lee (Barbara Hershey) dates misanthropic painter Frederick (Max von Sydow), but finds herself in a forbidden mutual attraction with Hannah’s husband, Elliot (Michael Caine), with whom she has an affair. Meanwhile, we’re also introduced to the ulcerous lifestyle of Hannah’s infertile, hypochondriac ex-husband, Mickey Sachs (Woody Allen), who quits his job as a TV producer to stress over what he believes to be a terminal brain tumor. As much as the film occupies itself with Hannah and her sisters, it spends equal time exploring Mickey’s existential crisis (the theme most near and dear to Allen’s heart), following his neurotic meditations on life’s biggest questions and multiple religious conversions. Glorious Ensemble While undoubtedly daring from a thematic standpoint, the film may also have been Allen’s most daring undertaking in practical breadth, requiring that he conduct more human components than any of his prior films. With roughly nine equal acting parts, Hannah and Her Sisters remains one of the screen’s finest examples of ensemble casting, allowing Mia Farrow to work with her own mother, Maureen O’Sullivan (Tarzan‘s Jane), and Allen the chance to work with his long-admired Swedish actor, Max von Sydow, who starred in 13 films by Allen’s favorite director, Ingmar Bergman (The Seventh Seal). The deep cast would also provide a platform for up-and-comers like Daniel Stern (Home Alone), John Turturro (The Big Lebowski) and Julia Louis-Dreyfus (Seinfeld), who may have carried Woody Allen’s neuroses into George Costanza. The film also boosted the careers of familiar ’80s sweethearts, giving Carrie Fisher a romantic comedy to transition from The Return of the Jedi (1983) to When Harry Met Sally (1989), and a never prettier Barbara Hershey, who appeared with Gene Hackman in Hoosiers (1986) the same year. Most importantly, the film provided an award-winning opportunity for a pair of accomplished veterans. After three Academy Award losses for Alfie (1966), Sleuth (1972) and Educating Rita (1983), Michael Caine finally won the Oscar for Hannah, beating out Platoon‘s Tom Berenger and Willem Dafoe. Dianne Wiest also won — and would win again under Allen in Bullets Over Broadway (1994) with her hilarious refrain “Don’t speak!” The fact that these parts garnered the hardware should be no surprise. Allen gives each of his characters just the right combination of humanity and complexity in a whirlwind of character studies, divided into pre-Pulp Fiction vignettes. Sparkling Script With so many lives, loves, passions and secrets all swirling around in episodic fashion, the script would fly apart at any moment if it weren’t in the sure hands of Allen. Throughout the many turns and overlaps of his characters’ relationships, Allen never once loses the humanity in any of them. Each is his or her own being, given ample design in a tangled web of what we so casually call family. This balancing act earned Allen his second screenplay Oscar after Annie Hall (1977) and became one of four scripts to make the WGA’s Top 101 Screenplays of All Time . The script is packed with laugh-out-loud one-liners (a father’s comparison between Nazis and a can opener) and reversed expectations (Mickey unloading his religious paraphernalia). Still, Allen’s biggest strength as a writer is his ability to layer his characters with realistic compartmentalization. In successfully creating two states of mind — the mind-body complex — Allen draws attention to the absurd paradoxes we humans live with each day, our ability to think one thing logically, and do another thing lustfully. This theme is most apparent in a scene where Elliot first professes his love to Lee. Having already engaged in romantic teases in a bookstore, the two stand in Lee’s apartment listening to a Bach record. As the music plays, both feel the need to engage in formal small talk (“So I have to get my teeth clean.” “That’s nice”), while deep down wanting their passions to break free. Allen recognizes that both levels of the human condition exist in us simultaneously, building a tension between Elliot and Lee that is simultaneously ironic, absurd and hilarious. Underrated Director While many hail Allen for his writing, he remains underrated behind the camera. In the aforementioned sexual-tension scene between Elliot and Lee, note Allen’s pan to Lee’s nude portrait as Elliot tries to contain his emotion; his placement of an E.E. Cummings book (pun intended) between their bodies; and the jarred record needle, shifting to a more upbeat tempo to match the changing mood of the scene (Allen’s song selection is impeccable throughout, from big band to jazz to classical). Note also his ability to turn pop culture meeting grounds (libraries, record stores) into symbolic compositions of mise-en-scene. Note the record albums that appear behind Cliff and Holly in the record store, the rock section behind Cliff, and the jazz section behind Holly, showing they’ve changed from their earlier failed date conversation. Note also Elliot and Lee in the bookstore, as the camera tracks behind bookshelves in true Allen form, blocking view of the characters as if to juxtapose a constant world of books (ancient and timeless) against the petty lives of human beings (emotional and fleeting). Yet as much as Allen’s filmmaking accents human inferiority in a grand universe, he also chooses to carefully dissect each of these “inconsequential” lives, through voice-over of their inner monologue, or a circling camera around a Hannah-Holly-Lee lunch date. Here, Allen encapsulates the three sisters as a cohesive unit, while focusing on the individual reactions of each. Note, however, the camera never focuses on Hannah for any extended period of time in this scene. This is wholly indicative of Hannah’s place in her family. She is the listening ear of others’ needs, but never has any needs of her own. As such, those around her actually come to resent her perfection (her sisters metaphorically coming between she and her husband in Allen’s positioning of nightstand photos), to the point that her husband erupts, “It’s hard to be around someone who gives so much and has no needs of her own!” In this way, Hannah is much like the adult version of Manhattan‘s Tracy, a flawless person of almost fantastical proportions, an ideal for Allen, but one which he admits is probably impossible in a world of deeply flawed people. The Message If humanity is so deeply flawed, suffering from a contradictory mind-body complex and the fleeting moments of our own mortality, what’s Allen’s message? Just be yourself. Even if that’s bizarre or idiosyncratic, your unpredictability is necessary to our being. We may fear the unpredictability of our lives and those who come to shape it, but in the end, we welcome them because, to quote Annie Hall (1977), “we need the eggs.” Allen is nothing if not a life pontificator. His death-fearing Mickey is an unrivaled example of mankind’s struggle for a sense of meaning, and becomes the perfect instrument for Allen’s own manifesto on faith, doubt and human existence. How fitting, in the year after The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985), that Allen’s existential study come to a head in a movie house, as Mickey finally finds comfort by stumbling wearily into a screening of the Marx Brothers’ Duck Soup (1933). This moment is the fruition of Allen’s Manhattan claim that Groucho Marx is one of the things that makes “life worth living,” but it is also the moment he realizes that only two things really matter in life: luck (i.e. a sweaty head on a gun barrel) and love (“the heart is truly a resilient muscle”). But, if love is the most important, consider his earlier statement that “love is unpredictable.” What does this really say toward Allen’s view on life? For all this, Hannah and Her Sisters runs circles around most of the efforts that pass for modern romantic comedies. If you wish to see the alignment of every key Woody Allen theme, told with the maturity of his career-peaking sensibility, it doesn’t get much better than Hannah and Her Sisters. When his career is over, after decades upon decades of dominance, we may look back at Annie Hall as his most groundbreaking; Manhattan as his most New York; The Purple Rose of Cairo as his personal favorite; Crimes and Misdemeanors as his most tragic; Midnight in Paris as his most successful; and Hannah and Her Sisters as his most universally satisfying. This entry was posted in Reviews . Bookmark the permalink .

i don't know

In which decade of the 20th century was Father's Day first celebrated?

Father’s Day - Holidays - HISTORY.com Father’s Day A+E Networks Introduction On June 19, 1910, the governor of the U.S. state of Washington proclaimed the nation’s first “Father’s Day.” However, it was not until 1972, 58 years after President Woodrow Wilson made Mother’s Day official, that the day became a nationwide holiday in the United States. Google Mother’s Day: Inspiration for Father’s Day The “Mother’s Day” we celebrate today has its origins in the peace-and-reconciliation campaigns of the post-Civil War era. During the 1860s, at the urging of activist Ann Reeves Jarvis, one divided West Virginia town celebrated “Mother’s Work Days” that brought together the mothers of Confederate and Union soldiers. In 1870, the activist Julia Ward Howe issued a “Mother’s Day Proclamation” calling on a “general congress of women” to “promote the alliance of the different nationalities, the amicable settlement of international questions, [and] the great and general interests of peace.” Did You Know? There are more than 70 million fathers in the United States. However, Mother’s Day did not become a commercial holiday until 1908, when–inspired by Jarvis’s daughter Anna, who wanted to honor her own mother by making Mother’s Day a national holiday–the John Wanamaker department store in Philadelphia sponsored a service dedicated to mothers in its auditorium. Thanks in large part to this association with retailers, who saw great potential for profit in the holiday, Mother’s Day caught on right away. In 1909, 45 states observed the day, and in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson approved a resolution that made the second Sunday in May a holiday in honor of “that tender, gentle army, the mothers of America.” Origins of Father’s Day The campaign to celebrate the nation’s fathers did not meet with the same enthusiasm–perhaps because, as one florist explained, “fathers haven’t the same sentimental appeal that mothers have.” On July 5, 1908, a West Virginia church sponsored the nation’s first event explicitly in honor of fathers, a Sunday sermon in memory of the 362 men who had died in the previous December’s explosions at the Fairmont Coal Company mines in Monongah, but it was a one-time commemoration and not an annual holiday. The next year, a Spokane, Washington woman named Sonora Smart Dodd, one of six children raised by a widower, tried to establish an official equivalent to Mother’s Day for male parents. She went to local churches, the YMCA, shopkeepers and government officials to drum up support for her idea, and she was successful: Washington State celebrated the nation’s first statewide Father’s Day on June 19, 1910. Slowly, the holiday spread. In 1916, President Wilson honored the day by using telegraph signals to unfurl a flag in Spokane when he pressed a button in Washington, D.C. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge urged state governments to observe Father’s Day. However, many men continued to disdain the day. As one historian writes, they “scoffed at the holiday’s sentimental attempts to domesticate manliness with flowers and gift-giving, or they derided the proliferation of such holidays as a commercial gimmick to sell more products–often paid for by the father himself.” Father’s Day: Controversy and Commercialism During the 1920s and 1930s, a movement arose to scrap Mother’s Day and Father’s Day altogether in favor of a single holiday, Parents’ Day. Every year on Mother’s Day, pro-Parents’ Day groups rallied in New York City’s Central Park–a public reminder, said Parents’ Day activist and radio performer Robert Spere, “that both parents should be loved and respected together.” Paradoxically, however, the Depression derailed this effort to combine and de-commercialize the holidays. Struggling retailers and advertisers redoubled their efforts to make Father’s Day a “second Christmas” for men, promoting goods such as neckties, hats, socks, pipes and tobacco, golf clubs and other sporting goods, and greeting cards. When World War II began, advertisers began to argue that celebrating Father’s Day was a way to honor American troops and support the war effort. By the end of the war, Father’s Day may not have been a federal holiday, but it was a national institution. In 1972, in the middle of a hard-fought presidential re-election campaign, Richard Nixon signed a proclamation making Father’s Day a federal holiday at last. Today, economists estimate that Americans spend more than $1 billion each year on Father’s Day gifts. Tags

1910s

"What was the name of the ""girl with kaleidoscope eyes"" in a Beatles song?"

Father’s Day - Holidays - HISTORY.com Father’s Day A+E Networks Introduction On June 19, 1910, the governor of the U.S. state of Washington proclaimed the nation’s first “Father’s Day.” However, it was not until 1972, 58 years after President Woodrow Wilson made Mother’s Day official, that the day became a nationwide holiday in the United States. Google Mother’s Day: Inspiration for Father’s Day The “Mother’s Day” we celebrate today has its origins in the peace-and-reconciliation campaigns of the post-Civil War era. During the 1860s, at the urging of activist Ann Reeves Jarvis, one divided West Virginia town celebrated “Mother’s Work Days” that brought together the mothers of Confederate and Union soldiers. In 1870, the activist Julia Ward Howe issued a “Mother’s Day Proclamation” calling on a “general congress of women” to “promote the alliance of the different nationalities, the amicable settlement of international questions, [and] the great and general interests of peace.” Did You Know? There are more than 70 million fathers in the United States. However, Mother’s Day did not become a commercial holiday until 1908, when–inspired by Jarvis’s daughter Anna, who wanted to honor her own mother by making Mother’s Day a national holiday–the John Wanamaker department store in Philadelphia sponsored a service dedicated to mothers in its auditorium. Thanks in large part to this association with retailers, who saw great potential for profit in the holiday, Mother’s Day caught on right away. In 1909, 45 states observed the day, and in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson approved a resolution that made the second Sunday in May a holiday in honor of “that tender, gentle army, the mothers of America.” Origins of Father’s Day The campaign to celebrate the nation’s fathers did not meet with the same enthusiasm–perhaps because, as one florist explained, “fathers haven’t the same sentimental appeal that mothers have.” On July 5, 1908, a West Virginia church sponsored the nation’s first event explicitly in honor of fathers, a Sunday sermon in memory of the 362 men who had died in the previous December’s explosions at the Fairmont Coal Company mines in Monongah, but it was a one-time commemoration and not an annual holiday. The next year, a Spokane, Washington woman named Sonora Smart Dodd, one of six children raised by a widower, tried to establish an official equivalent to Mother’s Day for male parents. She went to local churches, the YMCA, shopkeepers and government officials to drum up support for her idea, and she was successful: Washington State celebrated the nation’s first statewide Father’s Day on June 19, 1910. Slowly, the holiday spread. In 1916, President Wilson honored the day by using telegraph signals to unfurl a flag in Spokane when he pressed a button in Washington, D.C. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge urged state governments to observe Father’s Day. However, many men continued to disdain the day. As one historian writes, they “scoffed at the holiday’s sentimental attempts to domesticate manliness with flowers and gift-giving, or they derided the proliferation of such holidays as a commercial gimmick to sell more products–often paid for by the father himself.” Father’s Day: Controversy and Commercialism During the 1920s and 1930s, a movement arose to scrap Mother’s Day and Father’s Day altogether in favor of a single holiday, Parents’ Day. Every year on Mother’s Day, pro-Parents’ Day groups rallied in New York City’s Central Park–a public reminder, said Parents’ Day activist and radio performer Robert Spere, “that both parents should be loved and respected together.” Paradoxically, however, the Depression derailed this effort to combine and de-commercialize the holidays. Struggling retailers and advertisers redoubled their efforts to make Father’s Day a “second Christmas” for men, promoting goods such as neckties, hats, socks, pipes and tobacco, golf clubs and other sporting goods, and greeting cards. When World War II began, advertisers began to argue that celebrating Father’s Day was a way to honor American troops and support the war effort. By the end of the war, Father’s Day may not have been a federal holiday, but it was a national institution. In 1972, in the middle of a hard-fought presidential re-election campaign, Richard Nixon signed a proclamation making Father’s Day a federal holiday at last. Today, economists estimate that Americans spend more than $1 billion each year on Father’s Day gifts. Tags

i don't know

Will Rogers airport was built in which US state?

Book Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma - Hotels.com Love the breakfast and cocktail hour Dec 17, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review Doyle, us3 night family trip Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport, Oklahoma City Outstanding5.0 / 5 Good place to stay when driving through the area. Check in was quick and the hotel was clean and bright. There is not much around there but the guest clerk suggested some restaurants not too far away. Nov 18, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review A Traveler, us1 night romance trip Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport, Oklahoma City Outstanding5.0 / 5 A must stay in Oklahoma. What a great staff and facility. Very welcoming for my spouse and I. Your having a pet friendly hotel made our visit perfect. Nov 24, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review A Traveler, us1 night family trip Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport, Oklahoma City Good3.0 / 5 Everything was great except the room had a smell to it, like sewer or urine. Once we were in the room for a while it wasn't too bad, just when entering it had that smell. We didn't ask to be moved because we were close to our kids room so we just put up with it. Nov 19, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review A Traveler, us1 night family trip Embassy Suites Oklahoma City Will Rogers Airport, Oklahoma City Poor1.0 / 5 We checked into our room,both beds had a bug in each of them. We told the front desk and we checked out,we were lot there less than 30 minutes.We have stayed In Embassy Suites several times,they have always been our favorite place to stay Until this time. James& Denise Husky Oct 28, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review A Traveler, us1 night romance trip

Oklahoma

What writer was expelled from West Point for showing up for a public parade wearing only a white belt and gloves?

Will Rogers World Airport Expansion Project, Oklahoma - Airport Technology This involved the preparatory work for the project and tasks included: Erection of construction walkways from the five-storey parking garage to the terminal building Demolition of the terminal's existing elevator core Construction of new elevator and escalator cores on the tunnel level and on level one Building temporary entrance and exit ramps for vehicles approaching and leaving the terminal Reconstruction of the roofs of the lower level and level one Finishing the elevator and escalator cores to level two Building new permanent entry and exit ramps for vehicles and construction of a new transportation plaza and driving lanes Phase I work started in March 2001 and was completed by June 2002. "The $110m expansion and renovation project was completed in November 2006." Phase II This section of the project started in November 2001 with Boldt Construction Co being contracted as the general contractor. Phase II construction work included construction of a new 666ft west concourse stretching westward from the central terminal and an extension of the existing central terminal by 30ft to the north and by 60ft to the south. This building has 1,524 panes of glass totalling 38,540ft² (0.9 acres). Other major construction in phase II included: Construction of a new canopy over the expanded ticketing area Demolition and removal of the old concourse B Building a new apron on the airside (south) of the central terminal Addition of modern jet bridges to accommodate regional jets in a style previously reserved for national big airplane carriers Design and installation of new baggage handling systems Completion of a lush plaza garden Relocation and reconstruction of the third-level administrative area New terminal building The new terminal contains nearly 600,000ft² of floor-space (an increase of 71%), allowing the aisles, ticket lobbies, baggage claim areas and departure lounges to be much more spacious and accommodating. A 53ft-high ceiling in the concourse also enhances the sense of space and acres of glass create an open feeling allowing excellent views of the surrounding prairie landscape, as well as of aircraft activity. The new and expanded entry and exit traffic circles permit efficient passenger pickup and drop-off, even at peak travel periods. The plaza garden presents a welcoming sight for visitors / passengers and offers an area for fresh air and relaxation. Visitors can also view a heroic life-size statue of cowboy Will Rogers, rope in hand, on his favourite horse, Teddy. The new tunnel from the parking garage to the terminal provides a well-lighted, safe, all-weather walkway that features people-moving walkways and ramps and opens onto the new central escalator core. Two security checkpoints were designed into the concourse entryways, rather than superimposed on existing traffic flows so as to ease any congestion. As a result, efficient security inspections can be carried out rapidly, even when the passenger volume is high. "The airport was named after the humourist and cowboy Will Rogers." The old terminal building featured two widely separated concourse entries, with a total of 16 airline passenger loading gates. The new structure has a single continuous concourse with 17 loading gates. Already on the drawing board is a design to lengthen this concourse and incorporate an additional seven loading gates when passenger volume / demand requires it. The building's heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems can provide 2,500t of cooling, a 600hp boiler for heating and over 400,000ft³ a minute of air handling units. Part of this installation required over 30,000 feet of hydronic piping, and a state-of-the-art automation / control system to save energy when the airport is operating at low capacity. The airport's outdated five-storey parking garage was demolished, and a new one meeting new standards has been constructed giving the airport a new parking capacity of 7,500 spaces. Architecture The combination of 90,000ft² of native stone and six different kinds of plate glass presents an eye-pleasing aesthetic achievement and represents Oklahoma at its finest – being a balanced mixture of modern technology and achievement with beautiful natural materials, grand geological features and broad, open sky over the plains. Even the new landscape materials are native grasses and trees, laid out in an intricate but informal design to give a sense of a building in harmony with nature. Retail In the new terminal, most shops are now located inside the security checkpoints, allowing passengers to arrive early, go through check-in and security procedures and still have shops and restaurants to interest them while they wait to board their flight. Alongside the national news, gift and food outlets are Oklahoma businesses such as Sonic restaurant and a host of other outlets that feature traditional Oklahoma products and tastes. The latest addition in May 2007 was a new smoothie, coffee and sandwich concession run by First Class Concessions of San Diego. Phase III In November 2007 Frankfurt Shirt Bruza Associates were contracted ($594,000) by the Oklahoma City airport trust to complete the plans for phase III. The phase III expansion plan began in February 2008 and will involve the construction of a new east concourse with 8-11 new departure gates and also new retail and restaurant space as well as expanded baggage areas. "The airport architecture features a combination of native stone and plate glass." When the phase III plan is complete the terminal building will be extended to the east to provide nine new gates all equipped with airbridges (giving the terminal a total of 26 gates). Finance The expansion of the terminal at Will Rogers was not financed with city tax dollars. Instead, all construction dollars came from funds acquired and managed by the Oklahoma City Airport Trust. The trust derives most of its funds from three main sources. For capital projects, AA Senior Lien and A+ Junior Lien bonds (as rated by Standard & Poor's) are sold to investors, while Airport Improvement Project (AIP) grants are obtained from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to fund improvements that affect aircraft and airfield operations. The airport's operational costs are paid with rents collected from airport tenants and with royalties from airport mineral assets. AIP grants from the FAA contributed almost $22.5m to the recent terminal expansion, with the rest coming from the sale of bonds. To service the bonds, passenger facilities charges (PFCs) are set by the trust and added to the price of individual airline tickets, then distributed to the trust by the airlines. The use of the PFCs collected is regulated and approved by the FAA. For the terminal construction project, $98.5m of the cost was raised by the sale of bonds, to be paid off with PFC revenues. As a result, nearly 90% of the terminal construction expenses came from the people who actually use the air terminal. Share

i don't know

"What couple live next door to Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead in ""Blondie""?"

Blondie (Comic Strip) - TV Tropes WMG One of the longest-running (from September 8, 1930) and most popular Newspaper Comics of all time, and still fairly funny even after all this time, Blondie stars Dagwood Bumstead, a bog-standard salaryman with a strange haircut, one button on his shirt, and a love of monstrous sandwiches. He is Happily Married to Blondie , who runs a popular delicatessen and catering establishment. Their children are Alexander, who mimics his father in terms of hairstyle, and Cookie, who resembles her mother. The household is rounded out by the family dog, Daisy. Other recurring characters are Mean Boss J.C. Dithers, Mouthy Kid Elmo, neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, mailman Mr. Beasley, Dagwood's fellow carpoolers, and the chef at the local diner. Pretty much a Slice of Life comic at this point, the characters have been stuck at the same age since the early 1950s . Dagwood was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune, but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J.C. Dithers & Company (currently as the construction company's office manager) to support his family. 80 years have severely eroded the original Fish out of Water aspect of his character. Blondie's creator, Murat "Chic" Young, continued to write and draw the strip until his death in 1973, after which his son Dean took over in collaboration with a succession of artists (currently John Marshall). Derivative works include a series of comedy films (and long-running radio series) starring Arthur Lake and Penny Singleton, two single-season sitcoms (produced in 1957 and 1968), and two animated TV specials in the late 80s (from Marvel Productions, who had worked with King Features earlier on Defenders of the Earth ). Not to be confused with the band . This comic provides examples of: Adorkable : Dagwood is this to some extent. Until recent years this focused on his clumsiness, but now centers on his social awkwardness.

herb and tootsie woodley

Who was the Lone Ranger's great grand-nephew?

literature pg 1 1. WHO WAS CLARK KENT'S HIGH SCHOOL SWEETHEART? A LANA LANG 2. JOHN CLAYTON JR WAS THE CHILDHOOD NAME OF WHAT WELL KNOWN FICTIONAL CHARACTER? A TARZAN 3. WHAT WAS TARZAN'S TITLE? A. LORD GREYSTOKE 4. WHAT ONE WORD WAS INTENTIONALLY LEFT OUT OF THE MOVIE VERSION OF MARIO PUZO'S NOVEL THE GODFATHER, EVEN THOUGH THIS WORD WAS THE WORKING TITLE OF THE BOOK? A. MAFIA 5. WHO WROTE THE GODFATHER? A. MARIO PUZO 6. WHO SAID A MAN MUST DO THESE 4 THINGS IN HIS LIFE TO DEMONSTRATE HIS MANHOOD : PLANT A TREE, FIGHT A BULL, WRITE A BOOK AND HAVE A SON? A ERNEST HEMINGWAY 7. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE POEM WHICH APPEARS ON THE PEDESTAL OF THE STATUE OF LIBERTY? A. THE NEW COLOSSUS 8. WHO WROTE THE POEM THE NEW COLOSSUS THAT APPEARS ON THE PEDESTAL OF THE STATUE OF LIBERTY? A. EMMA LAZARUS 9. MEN AGAINST THE SEA, AND PITCAIRNES ISLAND ARE SEQUELS TO WHAT FAMOUS NOVEL? A. MUTINY ON THE BOUNTY 10. WHAT NOVEL CONTAINS THE LONGEST SENTENCE IN LITERATURE? A. LES MISERABLES 823 WORDS 11. WHO WROTE LES MISERABLES? A. VICTOR HUGO 12. WHAT COUPLE LIVE NEXT DOOR TO BLONDIE AND DAGWOOD BUMSTEAD? A. HERB AND TOOTSIE WOODLEY 13. WHAT IS THE ONLY NOVEL TO TOP THE BEST SELLER'S LIST FOR 2 CONSECUTIVE YEARS? A. JONATHON LIVINGSTON SEAGULL 14. WHAT CLASSIC GOTHIC NOVEL OF 1818 WAS SUBTITLED "THE MODERN PROMETHEUS"? A. FRANKENSTEIN 15. WHO WAS THE LONE RANGER'S GREAT GRAND NEPHEW? A THE GREEN HORNET 16. WILLIAM MOULTON MARSTON, INVENTOR OF THE POLYGRAPH, ALSO CREATED A FAMOUS COMIC BOOK HERO, WHO WAS IT? A. WONDER WOMAN 17. "LAST NIGHT I DREAMT I WENT TO MANDERLEY AGAIN" IS THE FIRST LINE OF WHAT NOVEL? A. REBECCA 18. WHAT IS THE ACTUAL TITLE OF LEONARDO DAVINCI'S "MONA LISA"? A. LA GIOCONDA 19. IN LONGFELLOW'S FAMOUS POEM "THE SONG OF HIAWATHA" WHAT WAS THE NAME OF HIAWATHA'S WIFE? A. MINNEHAHA 20. IN LONGFELLOW'S FAMOUS POEM "THE SONG OF HIAWATHA" WHAT WAS THE NAME OF HIAWATHA'S MOTHER? A. NOKOMIS 21. "THE TEMPERATURE HIT 90 THE DAY SHE ARRIVED" WAS THE OPENING LINE TO ONE OF THE BEST SELLING NOVELS EVER. WHAT WAS IT? A. VALLEY OF THE DOLLS 22. WHO WAS THE FIRST WRITER TO INCORPORATE HIMSELF? A EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS 23. WHAT IS THE NATIVE COUNTRY OF AGATHA CHRISTIE'S DETECTIVE HERCULE POIROT? A. BELGIUM 24. IN THE ROBIN HOOD STORIES, WHAT IS THE REAL NAME OF LITTLE JOHN? A JOHN LITTLE 25. WHAT WAS SCARLETT OHARA'S REAL FIRST NAME? A. KATIE

i don't know

"Psychologist William Moulton Marston, inventor of the polygraph, or lie detector, also created a famous comic book heroine,. Who was she?"""

DiSC Profile - William Moulton Marston: developer of the DISC Model Theory, Lie Detector, and Wonder Woman | DiscProfile.com Born: May 9, 1893 in Cliftondale, MA Died: May 2, 1947 in Rye, NY, from cancer Wife: Elizabeth Holloway (m. 1915, two children) Polyamorous partner: Olive Byrne (former student, two children) Education: BA from Harvard University (1915), LLB from Harvard Law School (1918), PhD in psychology from Harvard University (1921), teacher at American University Comic Book Hall of Fame induction: 2006 The Lie Detector - Marston's earliest professional years Having discovered a correspondence between blood pressure and lying, he built a device to measure changes in a person's blood pressure while the subject was being questioned. Marston formally published his early polygraph findings in 1917 on the lie detection invention he first constructed in 1915. During the 1920s and 30s Marston was an active lecturer and consulted with government groups. Unlike many psychologists of the time, he was more interested in the behavior of the general population of people rather than abnormal psychology. He gained the attention of the federal government for his research. He also sought the attention of the courts and the public by publishing widely and seeking publicity. Following the Lindbergh kidnapping in the 1930s, Marston offered his services to the Lindbergh family. Psychology, Emotions and Behavior – Marston's DISC model In the early 20s Marston's work continued to be significant in the courts and legal system; however, it evolved in 1924 when he first studied the concepts of will and a person's sense of power and their effect on personality and human behavior. His work in consciousness, colors, primary emotions and bodily symptoms also contributed greatly to the field of psychology. The picture to the right shows Marston's Emotions of Normal People, the 1928 book which formally presenting his findings. He published a second book, Integrative Psychology, in 1931. DISC came, by design, from Marston's search for measurements of the energy of behavior and consciousness. Marston did not develop an assessment or test from his model, although others later did. He did, however, apply his model and theory in the real world when he consulted with Universal Studios in 1930 to help them transition from melodramatic silent pictures to movies with audio and the need for more natural gestures and facial expression by actors. Links:     Emotions of Normal People, Google books Writing for the public - Entertainment and self-help books Venus With Us: A Tale of the Caesar, a historical novel was published in 1932. It was republished in 1953 as The Private Life of Julius Caesar after Marston's death to capitalize on the release of a film by Universal with the same name. Three other books followed on topics of popularity, courage, attitudes and determination. They were mass-marketed to the public in the emerging self-help industry. Ever a devotee of entertainment, he even wrote a biography, F.F. Proctor, Vaudeville Pioneer, in 1943 in the midst of his greatest contribution to entertainment, Wonder Woman. Wonder Woman - William Moulton Marston as Charles Moulton Marston was schooled in the Greek and Roman classics as a young man. He was also intimately and personally involved with the earliest movements for women's rights, including issues of birth control, voting and career equity. Knowing that, it is no surprise that William Moulton Marston's most famous work is the creation of the comic book heroine, Wonder Woman. Wonder Woman emerges on the scene in December 1941 in issue #8 of All Star Comics. She is created and presented with Greek and Roman goddess archetypes. Her heroic behaviors show strong will, power, and the use of the behavioral style dimensions of DISC--dominance, influence, submission, and compliance—to accomplish her missions. It would seem that neither Max Gaines of DC Comics nor William Moulton Marston were absolutely certain how a female heroine would be accepted. Max Gaines introduced the heroine in the back of a comic at first and William Moulton Marston used the pen name of Charles Moulton. They need not have worried. Wonder Woman soon earned her own comic and was a big success. Marston wrote Wonder Woman until his death in 1947 and was inducted into the Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 2006. Links:     Wonder Woman: A psychologist's creation , Monitor on Psychology, December 2008 Quotes by William Moulton Marston Not even girls want to be girls so long as our feminine archetype lacks force, strength and power. Not wanting to be girls, they don't want to be tender, submissive, peace-loving as good women are. Women's strong qualities have become despised because of their weakness. The obvious remedy is to create a feminine character with all the strength of Superman plus all the allure of a good and beautiful woman. Every crisis offers you extra desired power. Besides the practical knowledge which defeat offers, there are important personality profits to be taken. Most of us actually stifle enough good impulses during the course of a day to change the current of our lives. It's too bad for us 'literary' enthusiasts, but it's the truth nevertheless - pictures tell any story more effectively than words. Realize what you really want. It stops you from chasing butterflies and puts you to work digging gold. William Moulton Marston's Bibliography "Systolic blood pressure symptoms of deception and constituent mental states." (Harvard University, 1921) Books (1999; originally published 1928) Emotions of Normal People. Taylor & Francis Ltd. ISBN 0-415-21076-3 (1930) Walter B. Pitkin & William M. Marston, The Art of Sound Pictures. New York: Appleton. (1931) Integrative Psychology: A Study of Unit Response (with C. Daly King, and Elizabeth Holloway Marston). (c. 1932) Venus with Us; A Tale of the Caesar. New York: Sears. (1936) You Can be Popular. New York: Home Institute. (1937) Try Living. New York: Crowell. (1938) The Lie Detector Test. New York: Smith. (1941) March on! Facing Life with Courage. New York: Doubleday, Doran. (1943) F.F. Proctor, Vaudeville Pioneer (with J.H. Feller). New York: Smith. Journal articles (1917) "Systolic blood pressure symptoms of deception." Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol 2(2), 117 – 163. (1920) "Reaction time symptoms of deception." Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 72 – 87. (1921) "Psychological Possibilities in the Deception Tests." Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 11, 551 – 570. (1923) "Sex Characteristics of Systolic Blood Pressure Behavior." Journal of Experimental Psychology, 6, 387 – 419. (1924) "Studies in Testimony." Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 15, 5 – 31. (1924) "A Theory of Emotions and Affection Based Upon Systolic Blood Pressure Studies." American Journal of Psychology, 35, 469 – 506. (1925) "Negative type reaction-time symptoms of deception." Psychological Review, 32, 241 – 247. (1926) "The psychonic theory of consciousness." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 21, 161 – 169. (1927) "Primary emotions." Psychological Review, 34, 336 – 363. (1927) "Consciousness, motation, and emotion." Psyche, 29, 40 – 52. (1927) "Primary colors and primary emotions." Psyche, 30, 4 – 33. (1927) "Motor consciousness as a basis for emotion." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 22, 140-150. (1928) "Materialism, vitalism and psychology." Psyche, 8, 15 – 34. (1929) "Bodily symptoms of elementary emotions." Psyche, 10, 70 – 86. (1929) "The psychonic theory of consciousness—an experimental study," (with C.D. King). Psyche, 9, 39 – 5. (1938) "'You might as well enjoy it.'" Rotarian, 53, No. 3, 22 – 25. (1938) "What people are for." Rotarian, 53, No. 2, 8-10. (1944) "Why 100,000,000 Americans read comics." The American Scholar, 13 (1), 35-44. (1944) "Women can out-think men!" Ladies Home Journal, 61 (May), 4-5. (1947) "Lie detection's bodily basis and test procedures," in: P.L. Harriman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology, New York, 354-363. Articles  "Consciousness," "Defense mechanisms," and "Synapse" in the 1929 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica. What is DiSC?

Wonder Woman

"""Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again,"" was the first line of what Daphne du Maurier novel?"

William Marston’s Secret Identity - Reason.com Reason.com William Marston’s Secret Identity The strange private life of Wonder Woman's creator PRINT From their inception, comic books, like other forms of mass entertainment, have had detractors. None is more famous -- or more fondly remembered -- than Fredric Wertham, the child psychiatrist and author of Seduction of the Innocent, who charged that comic books turned their readers into juvenile delinquents and sexual deviants. If Wertham, who died in 1981, hadn’t existed, he would have surely been invented by a clever satirist looking for a sex-obsessed, puritanical foil. RELATED ARTICLES Comic Books A true arch-enemy of the form, Wertham’s critique of comics went beyond criminological concerns: Comics didn’t just pervert children, you see, but ruined their ability to appreciate fine literature and art later on in life. He argued that tales about Batman -- not to mention Tales from the Crypt -- were like heavily seasoned food that destroyed young aesthetic palates before they could be trained to appreciate delicate, refined fare. Shakespeare, he fretted, just couldn’t follow Superman. If Wertham was the Lex Luthor of comics, hell-bent on their total annihilation, then William Moulton Marston was their Man of Steel, dedicated to championing their cause. Marston was a Harvard-trained psychologist who had a law degree to go along with his Ph.D. In the ’20s and ’30s, Marston was best known as a tireless advocate of the polygraph -- he developed an early lie detector machine -- and he lobbied unsuccessfully for its use in the courts. Never one to slough off publicity, Marston even appeared in a 1938 Gillette razor blade advertisement that used a lie detector test to discover men’s "true" feelings about various shaving aids. (The "scientific shaving tests," which measured subjects’ subconscious reactions, overwhelmingly found that Gillette blades minimized the subtle "emotional disturbances" caused by competitors’ products.) In 1941, under the pseudonym Charles Moulton, Marston created the first great female comic book hero, Wonder Woman, a displaced Amazon princess who helped the Allies defeat the Axis Powers while seeking romance on the side. (Unsurprisingly, Wertham was appalled by the character, which he denounced for its "lesbian overtones.") Unlike most intellectuals, Marston celebrated the popularity of the comic book form and saw it as an opportunity to get kids to read -- and to circulate radical feminist notions. Writing in Phi Beta Kappa’s journal, The American Scholar, in the early ’40s, he noted: "It’s too bad for us ‘literary’ enthusiasts, but it’s the truth nevertheless -- pictures tell any story more effectively than words....If children will read comics...why isn’t it advisable to give them some constructive comics to read?" For Marston, the most "constructive" comics were those that laid the groundwork for what he insisted was the coming age of "American matriarchy" in which "women would take over the rule of the country, politically and economically." As Les Daniels recounts in the fully enjoyable and always fascinating new book, Wonder Woman: The Complete History (Chronicle Books): "Marston believed women were less susceptible than men to the negative traits of aggression and acquisitiveness, and could come to control the comparatively unruly male sex by alluring them....He was convinced that as political and economic equality became a reality women could and would use sexual enslavement to achieve domination over men, who would happily submit to their loving authority." Such notions, suggests Daniels, help explain some of Wonder Woman’s crime-fighting accoutrements, especially her "magic lasso" that -- shades of a lie detector! -- forces men to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. Marston’s personal life was every bit as unconventional as his ideas about matriarchy; if nothing else, the details make one wonder about his fixation on liberated women. In 1915, the same year he graduated from Harvard, Marston married a Mt. Holyoke grad named Elizabeth Holloway, who went on to earn an M.A. and law degree, and to assist him in his psychological research. In the late ’20s, when teaching at Tufts University, Marston met a student named Olive Richard, who moved in with him and his wife. Marston had two children by each woman and he and his wife formally adopted his children by Richard. "It was an arrangement where they [all] lived together fairly harmoniously," one of Marston’s sons told Daniels. A business associate vouched for Marston’s offbeat arrangement, remembering him as "the most remarkable host, with a lovely bunch of kids from different wives...all living together like one big family -- everybody very happy and all good, decent people." Whether Marston’s feminist utopia, which Daniels calls "simultaneously daring and touchingly naive," has come to pass, his contribution to popular culture has endured. By the time of his death in 1947, Wonder Woman was already a household name (and a cottage industry), appearing in various comic books and newspaper strips; she remains a vibrant part of popular culture, whether as a feminist icon, the hero of a campy late-’70s action-adventure show, or the subject of Strength of Will, a graphic novel by Alex Ross coming this fall from DC Comics. Marston made at least one other contribution to popular culture that, while perhaps less eye-catching than his full-figured, superpowered Amazon, is no less significant. In influential venues as diverse as The American Scholar and Family Circle, he anticipated, in what might charitably be called comic book prose, much that is taken for granted among contemporary scholars of cultural studies. He argued that mass forms such as comics deserve something other than opprobrium and scorn -- and he suggested that like other, more accepted forms of creative expression, comics can sometimes touch "the tender spots of universal human desires and aspirations ...[and] speak to the innermost ears of the wishful self." Nick Gillespie  is the editor in chief of Reason.com and Reason TV and the co-author, with Matt Welch, of The Declaration of Independents: How Libertarian Politics Can Fix What's Wrong With America ( 2011/2012 ). He is also a columnist for The Daily Beast . Follow Nick Gillespie on Twitter Find Nick Gillespie on Google+

i don't know

"What is the actual title of Leonardo da Vinci's ""Mona Lisa""?"

Mona Lisa | painting by Leonardo da Vinci | Britannica.com painting by Leonardo da Vinci Written By: sfumato Mona Lisa, oil painting on a poplar wood panel by the Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer Leonardo da Vinci , probably the world’s most-famous painting . It was painted sometime between 1503 and 1519, when Leonardo was living in Florence , and it now hangs in the Louvre , in Paris , where it remains an object of pilgrimage in the 21st century. The poplar panel shows evidence of warping and was stabilized in 1951 with the addition of an oak frame and in 1970 with four vertical braces. Dovetails also were added, to prevent the widening of a small crack visible near the centre of the upper edge of the painting. The sitter’s mysterious smile and her unproven identity have made the painting a source of ongoing investigation and fascination. Mona Lisa, oil painting on a poplar wood panel by Leonardo da Vinci, … The Print Collection—Heritage-Images Overview of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, with a discussion of the … Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz The Mona Lisa and its influence These signs of aging distract little from the painting’s effect. In its exquisite synthesis of sitter and landscape, the Mona Lisa set the standard for all future portraits. The painting presents a woman in half-body portrait, which has as a backdrop a distant landscape. Yet this simple description of a seemingly standard composition gives little sense of Leonardo’s achievement. The sensuous curves of the sitter’s hair and clothing, created through sfumato (use of fine shading), are echoed in the shapes of the valleys and rivers behind her. The sense of overall harmony achieved in the painting—especially apparent in the sitter’s faint smile—reflects Leonardo’s idea of the cosmic link connecting humanity and nature, making this painting an enduring record of Leonardo’s vision. Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent There has been much speculation and debate regarding the identity of the portrait’s sitter. Scholars and historians have posited numerous interpretations, including that she is Lisa del Giocondo (née Gherardini), the wife of the Florentine merchant Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo, hence the alternative title to the work, La Gioconda. That identity was first suggested in 1550 by artist biographer Giorgio Vasari . Another theory was that the model may have been Leonardo’s mother, Caterina. That interpretation was put forth by, among others, Sigmund Freud , who seemed to think that the Mona Lisa’s mysterious smile emerged from a—perhaps unconscious—memory of Caterina’s smile. A third suggestion was that the painting was, in fact, Leonardo’s self-portrait, given the resemblance between the sitter’s and the artist’s facial features. Some scholars suggested that disguising himself as a woman was the artist’s riddle. The sitter’s identity has not been conclusively proven. In an attempt to settle the debate, art and forensic experts in August 2013 opened the tomb of the Giocondo family in Florence in order to find Lisa del Giocondo’s remains, test her DNA, and recreate an image of her face. Whatever the sitter’s identity, the influence of the Mona Lisa on the Renaissance and later times has been enormous. The Mona Lisa revolutionized contemporary portrait painting . Leonardo’s preliminary drawings encouraged other artists to make more and freer studies for their paintings and stimulated connoisseurs to collect those drawings. Through the drawings his Milanese works were made known to the Florentines. Also, his reputation and stature as an artist and thinker spread to his fellow artists and assured for them a freedom of action and thought similar to his own. One such painter was the young Raphael , who sketched Leonardo’s work in progress and adopted the Mona Lisa format for his portraits; it served as a clear model for his Portrait of Maddalena Doni (c. 1506). Art & Architecture: Fact or Fiction? Leonardo even influenced the fashion in which artists dressed their subjects. In his Treatise on Painting, published long after his death, he wrote that art should avoid the fashion: As far as possible avoid the costumes of your own day.…Costumes of our period should not be depicted unless it be on tombstones, so that we may be spared being laughed at by our successors for the mad fashions of men and leave behind only things that may be admired for their dignity and beauty. Connect with Britannica The Mona Lisa demonstrates this aspect of his treatise perfectly in that La Giaconda is dressed in a coloured shift, loosely pleated at the neck, instead of the tight clothes that were then popular. Other Mona Lisas At least a dozen excellent replicas of the Mona Lisa exist, many of them by the master’s students. The proliferation of Mona Lisas reflects, at least in part, the subject’s almost immediate embodiment of the ideal woman—beautiful, enigmatic , receptive, and still just out of reach. Over the centuries this quintessential woman has taken on a new life in popular culture . In the 20th century alone, her iconic status was mocked in schoolboy fashion—the addition of a mustache and goatee to a postcard reproduction—in Marcel Duchamp ’s readymade, L.H.O.O.Q. (1919). His irreverent defacing of this best known of iconic paintings expressed the Dadaists ’ scorn for the art of the past, which in their eyes was part of the infamy of a civilization that had produced the horrors of the First World War just ended. Andy Warhol too took aim at the painting’s status, in his 1963 serigraph Mona Lisa. Mona Lisa off the wall References in the visual arts have been complemented by musical examinations. La Giaconda’s personality and quirks were examined in a 1915 opera by Max von Schillings. Leonardo’s portrait is also the inspiration for the classic song “ ” by American lyricist Ray Evans and songwriter Jay Harold Livingston: Mona Lisa, Mona Lisa You’re so like the lady with the mystic smile Is it only ’cause you’re lonely They have blamed you For that Mona Lisa strangeness in your smile Do you smile to tempt a lover, Mona Lisa Or is this your way to hide a broken heart Many dreams have been brought to your doorstep They just lie there, and they die there Are you warm, are you real, Mona Lisa Or just a cold and lonely, lovely work of art Britannica Lists & Quizzes

La Gioconda

In Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's famous poem, Hiawatha, what was the name of Hiawatha's wife?

Lurking Beneath the 'Mona Lisa' May Be the Real One Lurking Beneath the 'Mona Lisa' May Be the Real One Tia Ghose Pin it Share This is a retouched picture of the Mona Lisa, a painting by Leonardo DaVinci, currently housed at the Louvre museum in Paris, France. It has been digitally altered from it's original version by modifying its colors. More A hidden portrait lying beneath Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting may depict the real "Mona Lisa," at least if one man's theory is correct. Reflected light waves from the painting have revealed four different phases, or images, beneath the surface of "La Gioconda." The third of these images is a woman who looks very different from the one now known as " Mona Lisa ." This, in fact, may be the real Lisa, the woman that da Vinci was commissioned to paint in 1503, said Pascal Cotte, the founder of Lumiere Technologies, who announced his findings on Tuesday (Dec. 9) at a news conference in Shanghai. "It is the portrait of  Lisa Gherardini ," Cotte said. If so, that means the identity of the most famous woman in the world is a mystery. But not everyone is convinced of Cotte's interpretation. The findings have not been submitted to a peer-reviewed journal, the standard process for vetting scientific results. And it's taking a big leap to say that beneath the "Mona Lisa's" additional layers of paint is a complete image of a different person, experts said. [ 25 Secrets of Mona Lisa Revealed ] Most famous girl in the world The "Mona Lisa" is known for its subject's enigmatic half-smile and the way her eyes seem to follow a viewer as he or she moves. Most experts believe the subject is Lisa Gherardini, the wife of the wealthy silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo. Da Vinci received the commission in 1503 in Florence, Italy, and historians believe it was completed by 1506. [ Lost Art: Paintings Stolen from the Gardner Museum ] The mysterious woman, who seems to hide a million secrets behind those cryptic eyes, has spawned endless speculation over the years. Some have argued that the "Mona Lisa" is actually a self-portrait of da Vinci in a woman's dress, while others claimed the painting hides microscopic codes . And in 2014, scientists said the master made two paintings, one on top of the other, to create a kind of stereoscopic, 3D "Mona Lisa ."   Hidden girl Cotte has spent 10 years analyzing La Gioconda using a special technique he devised. In it, a camera shines light in many different wavelengths on the painting, then uses the Fourier transform, a mainstay mathematical technique used in signal processing , to analyze the waves that reflect back. The different pigments and binders in each color of paint absorb, reflect and scatter different amounts of light at different wavelengths. So Cotte analyzed 3 billion pieces of data to recreate the images beneath. He found four separate phases of painting beneath the most famous painting . The first painting on the wood seems to be a rough outline of the portrait, in which the sleeves, the chair and the head size are different from the surface painting that everyone sees, Cotte said. The second layer from the bottom seems to show hairpins and a headdress or veil decked out with pearls. "Some hairpins are visible with the naked eye," Cotte told Live Science. "You go today to  the Louvre  to look and you will see the hairpins in the sky." But the third layer is where things get interesting. That, he says, depicts a totally different woman, one with a slimmer face that is facing off to the side (as was fashionable in portraits at the time) and a dress that matched the fashions of Florence in 1503, when del Giocondo commissioned the painting. To Cotte, that is evidence that this third, hidden painting is in fact Lisa Gherardini. Cotte said he is not an art historian, so he doesn't want to speculate on why da Vinci would have painted over the real Mona Lisa without delivering it to del Giocondo. He also doesn't know why da Vinci would choose to repaint the image rather than starting from scratch on a new piece of wood, although it could have saved the trouble of repainting the sky and background, he said. In addition, the light analysis doesn't reveal when each layer was laid down, meaning the third and the fourth layers could have been painted 10 years apart, or just a few months or days apart, Cotte said. Either way, if the real Lisa is beneath the surface, then who is the "Mona Lisa?" "This is not my job to tell you that this is a Madonna or this is a saint or this is an allegory of justice," Cotte said. Hidden portrait or ordinary artistic process? However, several experts are skeptical about the new results. "A different outward appearance does not lead 100 percent into a hypothesis that these are two different persons," said Claus-Christian Carbon, a researcher at the University of Bamberg in Germany, who published the work on a stereoscopic "Mona Lisa." " I'm quite skeptical, because the minimal hypothesis is always the best I think, and that is just that [the portrait] was changed a bit." For instance, even though scientists often say humans are "face experts," that only applies to people we are acquainted with. It's extremely difficult for a person to look at two pictures of an unfamiliar person and say they are the same person, a slightly different person, or a totally unrelated person, Carbon, who was not involved in the new research, told Live Science. That proves even more difficult if they are facing in different directions, he added. And though Cotte has developed "a terrifically powerful technique" to analyze the painting, its interpretation is up for debate, said Martin Kemp, a professor emeritus at the University of Oxford, who has spent his life studying da Vinci's work. Beyond that, the idea that da Vinci reworked the painting in sharp phases separated in time isn't consistent with the Renaissance man's style, said Kemp, who has collaborated with Cotte before but was not involved in the current research. " Leonardo was very restless, he was always changing his mind," Kemp told Live Science. Thus, it's more likely that he reworked the painting with small changes and corrections in a more fluid evolution, rather than in sharply delineated phases. It's common, for instance, for artists to paint over their work if they or their sitters are not happy with it or they just feel it needs reworking, Kemp said.

i don't know

How many husbands did the Wife of Bath have, as reported in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales?

SparkNotes: The Canterbury Tales: The Wife of Bath’s Prologue The Wife of Bath’s Prologue The Wife of Bath’s Prologue → The Miller’s Prologue and Tale The Wife of Bath’s Prologue (continued) From the beginning through the Wife of Bath’s description of her first three husbands Fragment 3, lines 1–451 Summary The Wife of Bath begins the Prologue to her tale by establishing herself as an authority on marriage, due to her extensive personal experience with the institution. Since her first marriage at the tender age of twelve, she has had five husbands. She says that many people have criticized her for her numerous marriages, most of them on the basis that Christ went only once to a wedding, at Cana in Galilee. The Wife of Bath has her own views of Scripture and God’s plan. She says that men can only guess and interpret what Jesus meant when he told a Samaritan woman that her fifth husband was not her husband. With or without this bit of Scripture, no man has ever been able to give her an exact reply when she asks to know how many husbands a woman may have in her lifetime. God bade us to wax fruitful and multiply, she says, and that is the text that she wholeheartedly endorses. After all, great Old Testament figures, like Abraham, Jacob, and Solomon, enjoyed multiple wives at once. She admits that many great Fathers of the Church have proclaimed the importance of virginity, such as the Apostle Paul. But, she reasons, even if virginity is important, someone must be procreating so that virgins can be created. Leave virginity to the perfect, she says, and let the rest of us use our gifts as best we may—and her gift, doubtless, is her sexual power. She uses this power as an “instrument” to control her husbands. At this point, the Pardoner interrupts. He is planning to marry soon and worries that his wife will control his body, as the Wife of Bath describes. The Wife of Bath tells him to have patience and to listen to the whole tale to see if it reveals the truth about marriage. Of her five husbands, three have been “good” and two have been “bad.” The first three were good, she admits, mostly because they were rich, old, and submissive. She laughs to recall the torments that she put these men through and recounts a typical conversation that she had with her older husbands. She would accuse her -husband of having an affair, launching into a tirade in which she would charge him with a bewildering array of accusations. If one of her husbands got drunk, she would claim he said that every wife is out to destroy her husband. He would then feel guilty and give her what she wanted. All of this, the Wife of Bath tells the rest of the pilgrims, was a pack of lies—her husbands never held these opinions, but she made these claims to give them grief. Worse, she would tease her husbands in bed, refusing to give them full satisfaction until they promised her money. She admits proudly to using her verbal and sexual power to bring her husbands to total submission. Analysis In her lengthy Prologue, the Wife of Bath recites her autobiography, announcing in her very first word that “experience” will be her guide. Yet, despite her claim that experience is her sole authority, the Wife of Bath apparently feels the need to establish her authority in a more scholarly way. She imitates the ways of churchmen and scholars by backing up her claims with quotations from Scripture and works of antiquity. The Wife carelessly flings around references as textual evidence to buttress her argument, most of which don’t really correspond to her points. Her reference to Ptolemy’s Almageste, for instance, is completely erroneous—the phrase she attributes to that book appears nowhere in the work. Although her many errors display her lack of real scholarship, they also convey Chaucer’s mockery of the churchmen present, who often misused Scripture to justify their devious actions. The text of the Wife of Bath’s Prologue is based in the medieval genre of allegorical “confession.” In a morality play, a personified vice such as Gluttony or Lust “confesses” his or her sins to the audience in a life story. The Wife is exactly what the medieval Church saw as a “wicked woman,” and she is proud of it—from the very beginning, her speech has undertones of conflict with her patriarchal society. Because the statements that the Wife of Bath attributes to her husbands were taken from a number of satires published in Chaucer’s time, which half-comically portrayed women as unfaithful, superficial, evil creatures, always out to undermine their husbands, feminist critics have often tried to portray the Wife as one of the first feminist characters in literature. This interpretation is weakened by the fact that the Wife of Bath herself conforms to a number of these misogynist and misogamist (antimarriage) stereotypes. For example, she describes herself as sexually voracious but at the same time as someone who only has sex to get money, thereby combining two contradictory stereotypes. She also describes how she dominated her husband, playing on a fear that was common to men, as the Pardoner’s nervous interjection reveals. Despite their contradictions, all of these ideas about women were used by men to support a hierarchy in which men dominated women.

five

What was the name of the she-ape that rescued the infant Tarzan and raised him to be Lord of the Apes?

Notes for "The Wife of Bath's Tale" |  passion     The story of "The Wife of Bath" is a part of an acrimonious medieval debate over the place of women in society  It was first called the "querelle de la Rose" (the debate over the Rose) and later called the "Querelle des Femmes" (the debate about women).  It started regarding Jean de Meun's Romance of the Rose on the grounds that it encouraged immorality and denigrated women (Richards xxiv, Quilligan, Allegory 20). The debate actually has roots reaching back into ancient society -- like Adam and Eve in Genesis, Pandora in Hesiod's Theogyny -- and continues in some ways today.  This debate was often ugly, even hysterical.  For example John Knox titles one of his works "The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women" <http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/FirBlast.htm> in 1559 to protest the reign of Queen Mary. It made him unpopular with not only her but later with her half-sister Elizabeth.  Similar fears about powerful women are still around and can be seen in references to "Billary Clinton" and "feminazis." After a fight with her fifth husband, Jankyn/Jenkin, he gave her the "bridal" and whip, the symbol of reason governing passion as man governs horse. Is it reasonable for horse to ride man or wife to govern husband or passion to override reason? It is a rebellion against the sacred order of things. We also see the overthrow of reason by passion, man by woman, and human by animal in the story of "Phyllis and Aristotle" . Woman needs man to govern her because she can�t control herself; like a horse, she�d run wild. Man concerned with spiritual things. Woman = animal. If a woman is in control is the rebellion of passion over reason.. Emblem of Governance: Knight ruling horse. To succeed in battle, he must control the horse. Wife of Bath wants to rule. In the legend of Good Woman, Angel tells Chaucer to write good about women because he�d been saying too much bad about them. Debate in late 1300�s about women�s place in society. Were women really less perfect, more passionate? The Book of the City of Ladies, written in early 1400�s by Christine de Pizan, clerk in French Court, wrote for patronage. She read a book that angered her. Had vision of 3 ladies: Temperance, Wisdom, and Justice. First line: Experience has no authority because it can lead you astray. You were supposed to believe what you read, not base ideas on your own experience. Wife of Bath feels her experience is sufficient though. Started marrying at 12. Canterbury Tales: group traveling to Canterbury for pilgrimage. Only pastor and knight had sincere reasons. Holiest spot in England. Wife of Bath going for fun. Two kinds of love: 3 were good; 2 were bad First 4 were old & rich The last one she married for love. She was 40 & #5 was 20. To her to get her way with her first husband, she falsely accuses her first husband of saying terrible things. He�s drunk & can�t disprove her because he doesn�t remember.  The things she says he said are actually from our old friend Jerome , who claimes that his source was Theophrastus' "Golden Book of Marriage." Men should be more patient & understanding than women since they have Reason. Husband #4 had a lover; #5 hit her. #4-had lover; #5 was 20, she was 40 � loved him. He reads a book that says bad stuff about women. Makes her mad; she rips pages out & he hits her; then apologizes and gives her the bridal/whip. Her Story: One of King Arthur�s knights rapes a virgin in the woods. This is the basest assertion of his masculine authority over the feminine. Condemned to death, but Queen intervenes. Now the man is at the mercy of woman. She says he can live if he can figure out what women really want; he must learn to think like a woman. Punishment to fit crime. Spends year seeking answer. Every woman has different answer. On way back, he runs into a fairy circle. Combines riddle and loathsome lady. Meets disgusting woman who tells him answer than women want dominance. Has to let her have dominion to find answer & learn to respect her. She wants marriage from him so he has to take her as wife. He doesn�t want to consumate the marriage because she�s a hag. She asks him which he prefers: ugly, true wife or beautiful one who might cheat on him. Lets him decide. He gets beautiful, young wife because he gives her dominance. In story, roles reversed. She actually has reason (a wise old hag) while the knight was governed by his male passion, so it�s better that she be in charge anyway.  

i don't know

"What words did Lewis Carroll combine to come up with the term ""chortle"" in Through a Looking-Glass?"

10 whimsical words coined by Lewis Carroll 10 whimsical words coined by Lewis Carroll Angela Tung Alice meets Tweedledum and Tweedledee in Lewis Carroll's children's novel Alice Through The Looking Glass. Rischgitz/Getty Images January 25, 2013 10 things you need to know today Today's best articles The week's best photojournalism Daily business briefing This Sunday is the birthday of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll, the English mathematician and writer whose most famous works include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking-Glass, and The Hunting of the Snark. Such works featured Carroll's specialty: coining blends and nonce words. Here are ten of our favorites: 1. boojum The boojum is "a particularly dangerous variety of ' snark ,'" an imaginary creature of Carroll's invention. The word boojum has inspired the naming of everything from "a species of tree... native to Baja California, Mexico" (found in 1922 by plant explorer Godfrey Sykes , who proclaimed, "It must be a boojum!"); to a supersonic cruise missile that "was determined to be too ambitious a project... and was canceled in 1951"; to "a geometric pattern sometimes observed on the surface of superfluid helium-3," as named by physicist David Mermin in 1976. Example: But oh, beamish nephew, beware of the day, / If your Snark be a Boojum!  For then / You will softly and suddenly vanish away, / And never be met with again!" — Lewis Carroll, The Hunting of the Snark , 1876 2. chortle To chortle means "to exclaim exultingly, with a noisy chuckle." According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), Carroll coined the word as a blend of chuckle and snort. Example: "He chortled in his joy." —Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass , 1871 3. frabjous  Frabjous means "great, wonderful, fabulous," and is a blend of either fabulous and joyous, or fair and joyous. "O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!" cries the narrator of The Jabberwocky upon learning that the Jabberwock has been slain. Example: "'O frabjous day!' rejoiced Emma Dean, using her bath towel as a scarf and performing a weird dance about the room." 4. galumph Galumph means "to move heavily and clumsily," and is a blend of gallop and triumph. Example: "I struggle to keep up on an particularly cold winter evening as I galumph my way across rough downland in pursuit of a tour guide." — Ian Vince, " Stonehenge Landscape Can Still Surprise with Its Stunning Vistas ," The Telegraph, January 14, 2010 5. jabberwocky The Jabberwocky is "a nonsensical poem that appears in Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll," while the Jabberwock is "a fantastical dreaded monster with flaming eyes who is depicted" in the poem. Regarding the word itself, according to Carroll: "The Anglo-Saxon word 'wocer' or 'wocor' signifies 'offspring' or 'fruit'. Taking 'jabber' in its ordinary acceptation of 'excited and voluble discussion.'" Jabberwocky came to mean "nonsensical speech or writing" around 1908, says the OED. Example: "In theory, the pledge could do most of the same work if we had children say it in Anglo-Saxon or Arapaho, or if we replaced it with the lyrics to 'Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah.' They're going to turn the words into jabberwocky anyway." — Geoff Nunberg, " I Pledge Allegiance to Linguistic Obfuscation ," NPR, March 30, 2010 6. mimsy  Mimsy was coined by Lewis Carroll in 1855 as a blend of miserable and flimsy. According to the OED, by 1880 mimsy also came to mean, in British English, "prim; careful; affected; feeble, weak, lightweight." Mim is a much older word meaning "primly silent," either imitative of the pursing up of the mouth, or coming from the Scottish Gaelic min, "delicate, meek." Example: "I mean, their hair looks like it was designed on a Spirograph in the dark, then carelessly flopped on to them from atop a rickety step ladder, while their fans are all exactly the kind of mimsy mugginses who 'Instagram' pictures of wheelie bins to stick on their Tumblr, because, you know, it's properly, like, photography, yeah?" — Gareth Aveyard, " This Week's New Singles ," The Guardian, January 6, 2012 7. portmanteau word A portmanteau word is "a word formed by merging the sounds and meanings of two different words." A portmanteau is "a case used in journeying for containing clothing," and comes from the French porter, "to carry," plus manteau, "cloak." Carroll coined portmanteau word in 1882 based on the idea of "two meanings packed up into one word," says the Online Etymology Dictionary . Example: "Portmanteau words are now a staple of the magazine competition, and amid the waste of failed invention, every so often one meets a need: smog, stagflation, chocoholic. I don't know how we ever did without 'metrosexual', coined by my friend Mark Simpson." — Philip Hensher, " Sarah Palin's Struggle with the English Language ," The Telegraph, July 21, 2010 8. slithy In 1855, Carroll combined slimy and lithe to form this nonce word. However,  slithy  as a variation of sleathy, "slovenly, careless," has been around since 1622, says the OED.  Example: "Hearing these slithy and suggestive movements, I declined to remain any longer ignorant of their meaning." — Ernest Raymond, Tell England: A Study in Generatio n, 1922 9. snark Snark  referring to "an imaginary animal" was coined by Carroll in 1876 in his poem, The Hunting of the Snark, according to the Online Etymology Dictionary. In the 1950s, snark was the "name of a type of U.S. cruise missile and in 1980s of a type of sailboat ." The word snark also has the meaning of "to snore; to snort," which originated about 10 years before Carroll's imaginary animal, according to the OED. This gave rise to snarky, "rudely sarcastic or disrespectful; snide," or "irritable or short-tempered; irascible," around 1906, which gives us snark's modern meaning of "snide remarks." Example: "The Snark was one of that strange man's imaginary animals, but when novelist Heidi Julavitz used the word to describe unpleasantly critical book reviewers in her indifferently researched 2005 McSweeney's magazine article, the word gained, as they say, 'traction.'" — Bob Hoover, " Hunting Snarks with a Pop Gun ," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 18, 2009 10. vorpal Vorpal meaning "sharp or deadly" was coined by Carroll in 1871. In the role-playing game Dungeons and Dragons, the  vorpal sword is a sword "capable of decapitation, specifically through magical means," which aligns with the plot of The Jabberwocky: "One, two! One, two! And through and through / The vorpal blade went snicker-snack! / He left it dead, and with its head / He went galumphing back."  Example: "Because, really, there's nothing more grandiose and theatrical than the vorpal blade. It's the weapon of dueling gentlemen and swashbuckling adventurers, of knights in armor and the horse lords of Rohan." — Daniel Engber, " Nerd Violence ," Slate, January 3, 2011 More from Wordnik...

chuckle and snort

"Shakespeare wrote that ""brevity is the soul of wit."" What did noted wit Dorothy Parker say it was?"

Discover nine novel English neologisms now by Dictionary.com Nerd [nurd] The slang term nerd means an intelligent but single-minded person, obsessed with a certain hobby or pursuit, e.g. a computer nerd. But the word that has been the bane of so many elementary schooler's existence was actually invented by their king: none other than Dr. Seuss himself! The word first appeared in print in Seuss's 1950 picture book, If I Ran the Zoo, though Seuss's 'nerd' is a small animal from the land of Ka-Troo, not a pale kid with glasses taped together. Yahoo [yah-hoo] The origin of this word may add some unexpected irony to the well-known internet browser. Originally coined by Jonathan Swift in his 1726 novel Gulliver's Travels, Yahoo refers to the brutish race of homo sapiens ruled by the Houyhnhnm, a noble race of speaking horses. Swift's Yahoo's display all of the vices of humanity with none of the virtues, thus it makes sense that the word has come to mean 'a course or brutish person.' If you say 'yahoo' loud enough you might be moved to experience our next neologism. Chortle [chawr-tl] Lewis Carroll coined this funny term for a gleeful chuckle in his 1872 novel, Through the Looking Glass, the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. In the novel, the word appears in a verse poem titled "The Jabberwocky," in which Alice finds a book that can only be read using a mirror. The old man in the poem "chortles in his joy" when his son beheads the terrible monster. Today the word is widely thought to be a combination of 'chuckle' and 'snort.' Quark [kwawrk, kwahrk] A quark can be any group of elementary particles that combine to become a subatomic particle such a neutron or proton. In other words, quarks are some of the smallest building blocks of an atom. In 1964 the U.S. physicist Murray Gell-Mann named the particle after a word he found in James Joyce's novel, Finnegan's Wake. Joyce's quotation reads, "Three quarks for Muster Mark," with 'quark' referring to the cry of the seagull. Utopia [yoo-toh-pee-uh] Utopia is the title of Sir Thomas More's whimsical and satirical book written in 1516. More envisions a perfect society situated on an island that he names Utopia. Developing the word from the Greek topos for 'place,' More choose the prefix ou- or u- meaning 'not' or 'no.' Thus the name Utopia quite literally means no place at all. Even though More might have his reservations about the achievability of a perfect world, our next neologism might be the closest thing to a perfect sound. Tintinnabulation [tin-ti-nab-yuh-ley-shuhn] The American poet and author Edgar Allen Poe coined this onomatopoetic word in his 1849 poem "The Bells." The poem was published shortly after Poe's death, and though the four sections of the piece become progressively darker as Poe describes four different types of bells, tintinnabulation characterizes the joyous sound of silver sleigh bells, foretelling "a world of merriment." The word is derived from the Latin tinnire meaning 'to ring' combined with the instrumental suffix 'bulum.' Grok [grok] Do you feel like nobody groks you? Don't worry, Robert A. Heinlein does. In his 1961 best-selling science fiction novel, Stranger in a Strange Land, Heinlein coined the term to mean an understanding so thorough that "the observer becomes a part of the observed--to merge, blend, intermarry, lose identity in group experience." But in common usage the term means to communicate sympathetically or to 'drink in' understanding. If you're reading this slideshow off a screen, you'll definitely grok our next neologism. Cyberspace [sahy-ber-speys] Though you might not want to build a house there, anyone with a computer has a stake in cyberspace. Coined by the science fiction writer William Gibson, cyberspace first appeared in a 1982 short story. The word combines the terms 'cybernetics' (the use of mechanical and electronic systems to replace human function) and 'space' (an area or realm). Together they form 'cyberspace,' the realm of electronic communication or virtual reality. If you've ever thought 'virtual reality' was a bit of an oxymoron, you might be familiar with our final neologism.

i don't know

What is the native country of Agatha Chrisitie's detective Hercule Poirot?

Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot | Old Time Radio    Detective   Rare   Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot (update) with additional episodes and special recordings: Hercule Poirot is the greatest detective ever? Certainly a gripping favorite from Agatha Christie! 13 old time radio show recordings available in the following formats: Play a sample episode from February 22, 1945: "The Careless Victim" About this Old Time Radio Show Text on OTRCAT.com ©2001-2017 OTRCAT INC All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is prohibited. Detective Mystery and Drama (1945-1947) One of the greatest mystery writers of all time was Agatha Christie , and one of her most popular characters was an uppity little Belgian by the name of Hercule Poirot. Poirot appeared in 33 of Christie's novels and 51 short stories between 1920 and 1975. The character has appeared in a number of radio programs, movies, and TV shows. Christie created Hercule Poirot for her first book (written in 1916, but unpublished until 1920). The little Belgian detective had been a police detective in his native country, but expanded internationally after the German occupation during WWI. He is well known for his fastidiousness towards his appearance, especially the mustache he vainly cultivates. His stomach is known to be very sensitive, and he takes great pains to protect it from the trauma of air and sea travel. As popular as he was, Ms. Christie herself eventually grew tired of him, finding him "insufferable" by 1930, and thirty years later calling him a "detestable, bombastic, tiresome, egocentric little creep." She felt, however, that it was her duty as an author to give the public what they wanted, and they wanted Poirot. She did kill him off in the novel Curtain, written during WWII , but unpublished until the year before her own death. When the novel was published in 1975, the New York Times published an obituary for Poirot, one of the few fictional characters so honored. Poirot had several appearances on the radio and in Orson Welles ' Campbell's Playhouse adaptation of "The Murder of Roger Ackroyd ". The 1945 Mutual series starred character actor Harold Huber in the title role. The series used none of Christie's own stories, although the author introduced the first broadcast from London via shortwave. Huber had been previously seen as a cop in several Charlie Chan films, and would also play Fu Manchu on the radio. This collection contains eleven Hercule Poirot broadcasts and episodes from Campbell's Playhouse (starring Orson Welles ) and Murder Clinic featuring Poirot. For more brainy detectives, see also: Softboiled Detectives . This collection is also included in the Agatha Christie Collection. Text on OTRCAT.com ©2001-2017 OTRCAT INC All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is prohibited. These classic recordings are available in the following formats: MP3 CD Standard Audio Cd Instant Download MP3 CDs are delivered by mail. These archival quality MP3 CDs are playable in your computer and many MP3 player devices. 13 recordings on 1 MP3 CD for just $5.00 total playtime 6 hours, 10 min Click here to see disc contents 13 shows - total playtime 6 hours 10 minutes Campbell Playhouse 391112 36 Murder of Rodger Ackroyd.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450112 00 Case Of Roving Corpse.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450114 00 Case Of Roving Corpse.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450222 01 Case Of Careless Victim.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450503 11 Murder Wears A Mask.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450517 13 Death In Golden Gate.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450712 21 Rendezvous With Death.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450719 22 Deadest Man In World.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450913 30 Adventure Of Money Mad Ghoul.mp3 Hercule Poirot 451116 39 Trail Led To Death.mp3 Hercule Poirot 451123 40 Murder Is A Private Affair.mp3 Hercule Poirot 451130 41 Bride Wore Fright.mp3 Murder Clinic 421006 Tragedy Of Marsdon Manor.mp3 MP3 downloads are available instantly after purchase! 13 recordings on 1 MP3 Collection Download for just $5.00 total playtime 6 hours, 10 min Click here to see disc contents 13 shows - total playtime 6 hours 10 minutes Campbell Playhouse 391112 36 Murder of Rodger Ackroyd.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450112 00 Case Of Roving Corpse.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450114 00 Case Of Roving Corpse.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450222 01 Case Of Careless Victim.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450503 11 Murder Wears A Mask.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450517 13 Death In Golden Gate.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450712 21 Rendezvous With Death.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450719 22 Deadest Man In World.mp3 Hercule Poirot 450913 30 Adventure Of Money Mad Ghoul.mp3 Hercule Poirot 451116 39 Trail Led To Death.mp3 Hercule Poirot 451123 40 Murder Is A Private Affair.mp3 Hercule Poirot 451130 41 Bride Wore Fright.mp3 Murder Clinic 421006 Tragedy Of Marsdon Manor.mp3 Standard Audio CDs are delivered by mail on archival quality media with up to 60 minutes on each CD and play in all CD players 13 recordings on 7 Audio CDs total playtime 6 hours, 10 min Or buy individual audio CDs below: Disc A001 Murder Clinic 421006 Tragedy Of Marsdon Manor Hercule Poirot 450112 00 Case Of Roving Corpse Hercule Poirot 450114 00 Case Of Roving Corpse Hercule Poirot 450222 01 Case Of Careless Victim Hercule Poirot 450503 11 Murder Wears A Mask Hercule Poirot 450517 13 Death In Golden Gate Hercule Poirot 450712 21 Rendezvous With Death Hercule Poirot 450719 22 Deadest Man In World Hercule Poirot 450913 30 Adventure Of Money Mad Ghoul Hercule Poirot 451116 39 Trail Led To Death Hercule Poirot 451123 40 Murder Is A Private Affair

Belgium

In the Robin Hood stories, what was the real name of Little John?

"Agatha Christie's Poirot" (1989) from The Hague, The Netherlands Poirot is an excellent tv series, with great production values and an outstanding cast. The only bad thing I can say about it is that I've already seen every episode 5 times, and remember how they all end. David Suchet is excellent as the refined, French speaking (Walloon) Belgian detective of the title. On all his cases, he is ably assisted by his Watson, Captain Hastings, and his secretary Miss Lemon. The series is set in the thirties, and the characters still carry the scars of the first world war with them, while at the same time omens of the next conflict are ever present. A fourth member of the cast is their modern Art Deco apartment building. The jazzy score gives an extra feeling for the period. Anyway, if you haven't seen this little gem already, don't miss it. It is as good as Agatha Christie's other detective series Miss Marple, with Joan Hickson. Was the above review useful to you?

i don't know

The Last Of The Really Great Whangdoodles and Mandy are children's books written by what well-known Oscar-winning actress?

Home: A Memoir of My Early Years by Julie Andrews, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® Chapter One I am told that the first comprehensible word I uttered as a child was "home." My father was driving his secondhand Austin 7; my mother was in the passenger seat beside him holding me on her lap. As we approached our modest house, Dad braked the car to turn onto the pocket-handkerchief square of concrete by the gate and apparently I quietly, tentatively, said the word. "Home." My mother told me there was a slight upward inflection in my voice, not a question so much as a trying of the word on the tongue, with perhaps the delicious discovery of connection ... the word to the place. My parents wanted to be sure they had heard me correctly, so Dad drove around the lanes once again, and as we returned, it seems I repeated the word. My mother must have said it more than once upon arrival at our house-perhaps with satisfaction? Or relief? Or maybe to instill in her young daughter a sense of comfort and safety. The word has carried enormous resonance for me ever since. Home. The river thames begins as a trickle just above Oxford in an area referred to in old literature as "Isis." The trickle has become a fair river and fordable by the time it reaches the great university city, and from there it winds its way through the English countryside,changing levels from time to time, spewing through the gates of some exquisitely pretty locks, passing old villages with lovely names like Sonning, Henley, Marlow, Maidenhead, and Bray. It flows on through Windsor and Eton. Wicked King John signed the Magna Carta at a picturesque stretch of the Thames called Runnymede. It progresses through the county of Surrey, past Walton-the village where I was born-past the palace of Hampton Court where Sir Thomas More boarded the water taxis that carried him downriver after his audiences with Henry VIII, and continues through the county town of Kingston, on to Richmond and Kew. Finally it reaches London, gliding beneath its many bridges, passing the seat of British government, the Houses of Parliament, before making its final journey toward Greenwich and the magnificent Thames Estuary into the North Sea. Because of the Thames I have always loved inland waterways-water in general, water sounds-there's music in water. Brooks babbling, fountains splashing. Weirs, waterfalls; tumbling, gushing. Whenever I think of my birthplace, Walton-on-Thames, my reference first and foremost is the river. I love the smell of the river; love its history, its gentleness. I was aware of its presence from my earliest years. Its majesty centered me, calmed me, was a solace to a certain extent. The name "Walton" probably derives from the old English words wealh tun (Briton/serf and enclosure/town). Remnants of an ancient wall were to be found there in my youth. Walton is one of three closely related villages, the others being Hersham and Weybridge. When I was born, they were little more than stops on the railway line leading out of London into the county of Surrey. Hersham was the poor relative and had once been merely a strip of woodland beside another river, the Mole. It was originally occupied by Celts, whose implements were found in large numbers in the area. The Romans were there, and Anglo-Saxons were the first settlers. Hersham was very much a fringe settlement. Walton, slightly better off, was a larger village; Weybridge was altogether "upmarket." Walton's small claim to fame was its bridge over the Thames. A very early version was painted by Canaletto; J. M. W. Turner painted a newer bridge in 1805. The span was reconstructed again long ago, but in my youth the bridge was so old and pitted that our bones were jarred as we rattled over it, and I was able to peer through the cracks and see the river flowing beneath. Driving across, away from the village, usually meant that I was leaving home to go on tour with my parents. Crossing back, though, was to know that we were in familiar territory once again. The river was our boundary; we could leave the busy world behind us and our front door was only moments away. To this day, when I am flying into England, it is the view of the river that I search for as we descend toward Heathrow. And suddenly, I see it-stately, sparkling, winding through the meadows, forever soothing, forever serene. I was named after my two grandmothers-Julia Elizabeth. Julia, my mother's mother, was the eldest daughter of William Henry Ward. He was a gardener, and met my great- grandmother, Julia Emily Hearmon (always referred to as Emily), when they joined the staff of a large house in Stratford-upon-Avon. Great-Granny Emily was a "tweeny," which is the name given to the poor unfortunate who gets up even before the servants and lights their fires so that they, in turn, can see to the comforts of the household. She was eleven years old when she went into service. Some years later, she and Great-Grandpa William married and moved to Hersham, where their first daughter, my maternal grandmother, Julia Mary Ward, was born in 1887. There was to be a barren lapse of nine years before the rest of the family came along at two-year intervals, in a vain effort to produce a son. Four daughters were born, who were collectively known as "the girls," all bearing highfalutin names, starting with Wilhelmina Hearmon, followed by Fenella Henrietta, Nona Doris, and finally, Kathleen Lavinia. Mercifully, they were all shortened, to Mina, Fen, Doll, and Kath. Finally, the longed-for son arrived-William Henry, shortened to Harry and then to Hadge, by which time Julia, being the eldest, had married ... and soon after, gave birth to my mother, Barbara Ward Morris, in July 1910. This meant that my mum had an uncle only a few years older than she, and therefore a built-in playmate. I remember meeting my Great-Granny Emily Ward when she was in her eighties. Great-Grandpa had died, and she was living with her daughter Kath. Great-Granny was small and round like a barrel, with flawless skin and fine, pure white hair. She always smelled of fresh lavender and called me "dearie." She had a sweet smile and a soft voice that sounded as if it were coming from a great distance. She loved canaries, and kept an aviary in the back of Auntie Kath's house in Hersham. I have loved canaries ever since. Aunt Mina, Aunt Kath, and the other great-aunts were wonderful ladies, great characters all. Uncle Harry-or "Hadge"-was the black sheep of the family, and an alcoholic. I always felt there was something a little rough and dangerous about him, though he could be kind and had a playful sense of humor. Like his father, he had a magical touch with the land, and he eventually became our gardener. Things flourished when Hadge was in charge. My mother had a soft spot in her heart for him, and he was so competent when he was sober that she always wanted to keep him around. I used his image for the character of the gardener in my first children's book, Mandy. My sense of the family history is somewhat sketchy, because my mother kept a great deal to herself. She spoke of her early years when pressed, but she never volunteered much-other than to speak lovingly of her mother, my namesake, Julia. Mum always took primroses to her grave in Hersham on Primrose Day, April 19, which was Granny Julia's birthday. Clearly, she missed her mother very much. The earliest recollections I have are of my mother's sadness at losing her. She must have carried her grief with her for many years in order for me to pick up on something like that. It was left to my father and my aunt Joan, my mother's younger sister, to fill in what little I do know about my grandparents. Grandmother Julia was apparently a sweet mouse of a woman. Sensitive, shy, of a retiring nature, yet a lover of music- my aunt told me she sang quite well. She wanted no more of life than to look after and love her children. I was told that my grandfather Arthur found this state of affairs suffocating and that her obvious attempts to please irritated him. Unlike my mother, Aunt Joan spoke rather scathingly about Granny Julia, putting her down as being inferior to their father in intellect and breeding. Piecing the details together, I have concluded that my maternal grandmother was uneducated, pretty, hardworking, troubled; and that her husband, Grandfather Arthur Morris, was angry, talented, a womanizer, a bully, a drunkard, and illegitimate. Arthur Morris was conceived at a time when it boded ill to be born "on the wrong side of the blanket," even if sired by a "Sir." Being tall-over six feet-of good countenance, and brainy, he apparently had an arrogant personality, but if he desired, he could be a great charmer. His own childhood was unhappy to say the least, as he was banished to the scullery most of the time, for his mother eventually married and his stepfather couldn't bear the sight of him. As soon as he was of age, Arthur ran away to join the army and became a Grenadier Guard. Here he learned music and gained a promotion into the brass band, where he played the trumpet. He also excelled at the piano. While stationed at Caterham Barracks, Surrey, Arthur met Granny Julia. They started seeing each other at every opportunity, and according to family rumor, Arthur "took advantage of" Julia in a field and she became pregnant. They dutifully married on February 28, 1910, at the Register Office, Godstone. My mother, Barbara Ward Morris, was born on July 25, 1910. Five days later, Arthur did the unthinkable and deserted his regiment. The small family seemed to disappear into thin air for a time, but two years later Arthur was identified by a policeman as being on the army's missing list and was arrested, tried, and sentenced to sixty-three days in military prison for desertion. His superiors may have recognized that Julia was a new wife with a young child and that she needed her husband, for pleadings were made on his behalf, and after only twenty-nine days in prison, Arthur was formally discharged. Julia and Arthur made a fresh start. They traveled to Kent, where Arthur became a member of the recently established Kent coal-mining community. On June 30, 1915, another daughter was born to them-my aunt Joan. After her birth, Arthur "deserted" again for a while, this time leaving his family. He was subject to bouts of depression, but it may simply have been that he went to the more lucrative mining area of South Yorkshire to search out new prospects for himself-for not long afterward, the Morrises moved again, to the pit village of Denaby, where Arthur was hired as a deputy at the local colliery. The girls were both enrolled at Miss Allport's Preparatory School for Boys and Girls, and later they attended the village school in nearby Old Denaby. According to school records, my mother was very popular, very attractive. Aunt Joan was more reserved, always nervous. She depended on my mother a great deal. Both girls were striking, with alabaster complexions and glorious auburn hair. It was during the period at Denaby that Arthur started composing and publishing poetry, which was quite well received and which earned him the moniker "The Pitman's Poet." He also used his musical skills to entertain the villagers at cricket club functions, "smoking concerts" (men-only evenings), fund-raisers, and other parties around town. Arthur began teaching my mother to play the piano. Temperamentally, they were very much alike, being both self-willed and used to getting their own way. According to my aunt, many a shouting match was heard culminating with the sound of a sharp slap and a box on the ear. Mum's version of these events was a little harsher; she claimed that her father hit her across the hands with a ruler. Either way, Arthur seems to have been a tyrannical and cruel parent. Eventually Mum took private lessons from a Miss Hatton and built her piano skills to a very high standard. In July of 1920, at the age of ten, she passed the first stage of the London College of Music curriculum. Her father is referred to in the announcement as "Mr. Arthur Morris, the well-known entertainer." Years later, my aunt wrote this of her father: "People would come up to our mother and congratulate her on being married to such a fun-loving man. Little did they know of his dark moods of despair, when he would sit in his chair and speak not a word for days, and I would take the longest way round when crossing the room to avoid going near him. After these bouts, he would go away for a while, and return laden with gifts for us." It seems that desertion continued to be a theme in Arthur's life. Toward the end of 1921, he left the Denaby Colliery and the family moved a few miles away, to Swinton. Mum was eleven at the time, and Auntie was six. As Arthur became increasingly busy with his poetry, music, and entertaining, my mother became more accomplished at the piano-and in 1924, at the age of fourteen, she left school to pursue her piano playing full-time with a private tutor, and just a year and a half later she had passed the London College of Music's senior-level exams. Mum now often accompanied her father on his tours, playing at many provincial concerts. She took part in several early radio broadcasts from Sheffield, and by the time she was sixteen, she was teaching music. Listed among her students for that year is my aunt, though the lessons didn't last long for several reasons-one being an acute sibling rivalry. My aunt was proficient at the piano, but music inspired her in other ways, namely to dance. Though untrained, she used every opportunity as a young child to dress up in her mother's clothes to improvise and to dance whenever possible. All this information came not from my mother, but from my aunt and from research. Other than telling me she had passed her exams at an early age-she gained her LRAM and ALCM degrees-my mother never spoke about those years. How she felt about her studies remains a mystery, and I do not know where she took her exams. Given that the family was so poor, I cannot imagine who paid for her lessons in those days. Even if she had a scholarship, which I believe she did, I never saw her actual diplomas: she never displayed them, never had them framed. In the summer of 1926, Granny Julia took my mum and my aunt to Hersham to visit her own mother, sweet Great-Granny Emily Ward. This was apparently a bucolic holiday for the girls, and they discovered the joys of the countryside and all that it had to offer compared to the mining towns where they lived. Great-Granny Emily took in washing for the more affluent villagers. The tradition of "wash day" was backbreaking, rigorous work and was typical of the hardship and poverty the family endured in those times. Weather permitting, washing was done outside in the garden. Two enormous tubs with washboards and the requisite bars of yellow carbolic soap were set on trestle tables. Buckets of boiling water were constantly carried to and from the house. Sheets, pillowcases, towels, etc., were set in heaps on the ground. Whites went into one vat, colored items in the other, all to be soaked, scrubbed, then set in baskets while the tubs were emptied of their foamy suds and filled with fresh hot water for the rinsing process. Clothes were pegged on lines strung between two apple trees. Sheets were laid out on convenient bushes. In the evenings, the sweet-smelling laundry was brought indoors and made ready for ironing the next day. My aunt recalled the fun of bringing in frozen shirts and pajama tops sparkling with a silver sheen of frost, the sleeves stiff and straight, which she used as dancing partners while she cavorted over the frozen cabbage stumps. The following morning, sheets were carefully folded and set on the kitchen table to be used as a soft base for the ironing of clothes. No ironing boards then, and the irons themselves were heavy and had to be constantly reheated on trivets that swung over the fireplace. Arthur, meanwhile, was performing for club audiences in various towns in the north of England. He bought a set of drums, which he taught himself to play, and when he thought he was proficient, he hired the local church hall. With my mother playing the piano and her mother at the entrance collecting the admission money, he began to run a series of profitable dances. This new era meant that he was invited to many social gatherings. Granny Julia became hopelessly out of her depth in this more sophisticated company, so Arthur started going alone. He was seldom home, and one morning, predawn, Julia tiptoed out of the house with her girls and left Arthur, probably because of his infidelities and alcoholism. They took the first train, returning to Hersham to stay permanently with Great-Granny Emily Ward. (Continues...) Excerpted from HOME by Julie Andrews Copyright © 2008 by Julie Andrews. Excerpted by permission. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher. Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.

Julie Andrews

By what pseudonym is writer Frederick Dannay Manfred Bennington Lee better known?

"7x" was used to refer to the secret ingredient of what drink*coca cola "And th - Pastebin.com William Golding won the Nobel Prize for literature in which year*1983 Winston churchill resigned from office in 1954, 1955 or 1956*1955 With what branch of medicine is mesmer associated*hypnotism With what country is prince rainier iii associated*monaco With what is 'Grand Marnier' flavoured*orange With which island is the puffin associated*lundy island With which musical instrument is Dizzy Gillespie chiefly associated*trumpet With which sport is Chris Evert identified*tennis With which sport is Willie Mays associated*baseball Woollen covering for head and neck*balaclava helmet Words containing for: many trees*forest Words containing pot or pan: Tyrant*despot*despotic*potentate Workshop for casting metal*foundry Wreath of flowers used as a decoration*garland Wwhat is the name of Mulder and Scully's supervisor on the X-files?*Walter Skinner X-Men Comics: Gahck battled wolverine here*savage land X-Men Comics: Wolverine and SpiderMan discovered the identity of HobGoblin Here*berlin Year in which the Battle of Balaklava took place*1854 You have to run 360 feet if you hit a ______*home run Young man paid by older woman to be escort or lover*gigolo ___, the story of prize fighter Jake Lamotta, packs a real punch*Raging Bull RAW Paste Data "7x" was used to refer to the secret ingredient of what drink*coca cola "And the big wheel keep on turning neon burning up above and I'm just high on the world come on and take the low ride with me girl on the....." What's the Dire Straits song title?*tunnel of love "Beverly Hills Cop", when Axel Foley enters the hotel, he uses an alias. Who does he say he works for, and who does he say he's going to interview?*Rolling Stone,Michael Jackson "Little Boy" & "Fat Man" were the first*atomic bombs "Louis, 1 think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship" are the last words of which film*casablanca "Never Say Never,"*Romeo Void "Oliver's Story" was the sequel to which best-seller by Erich Segal*love story 'Back in the Habit' is the sub-title to which film sequel*sister act 'Bowser' and 'Jocko' have been two prominent members of what very successful rock & roll nostalgia act?*Sha Na Na 'Daffodils' belong to which genus of bulb*narcissus 'Dephlogisticated air' was the name given by Joseph Priestley to which gas*oxygen 'Dr. Feelgood' was which group's last album with Vince Neill*Motley Crue 'Kiss on My List' was which duo's second number one hit*Hall and Oates 'Operation Desert Storm' took place in 1989, 1991 or 1995*1991 'The 900 Days' is a chronicle about what group's siege of Leningrad*nazi 'The Diary of Anne Frank' was first published in English under what title?*Diary of a Young Girl 'The girls'll go crazy for a....' what is the name of this ZZ-Top tune*Sharp 'The Shining' was the film playing at the drive-in in which film*Twister 'You get a shiver in the dark, it's raining in the park ...' What's the Dire Straits song title*Sultans of Swing 100 zeros after the number 1 is a very very large number called what*googol 3 Who was the first director of Britain's National Theatre*laurence olivier 4B.In which novel by George Eliot is Eppie Cass adopted by a miser whose gold has been stolen by her father*silas marner 80s Films: "In the Southeast, they say if you want to go to heaven, you have to change planes in Atlanta."*Accidental Tourist 80s Films: A ___ to a Kill*View 80s Films: A ___ to India*Passage 80s Films: Andy McCarthy does Robby Lowe's Mom, and she's Jackie Bissette!*Class 80s Films: Baby ___*Boom 80s Films: Big ___ in Little China*Trouble 80s Films: Bill Murray, post-SNL, pre-Groundhog. Think spaghetti.*Meatballs 80s Films: Black ___*Rain 80s Films: Dead ___ Don't Wear Plaid*Men 80s Films: Dirty ___*Dancing 80s Films: Driving Miss ___*Daisy 80s Films: First ___*Blood 80s Films: For Your ___ Only*Eyes 80s Films: Guy really gets into playing videogames.*Tron 80s Films: Hmm. Let's make Chevy Chase a spy!*Fletch 80s Films: Less than ___*Zero 80s Films: Mr. ___*Mom 80s Films: My Left ___*Foot 80s Films: No Way ___*Out 80s Films: Proof that there's life in the afterlife. And Geena Davis's lips.*Beetlejuice 80s Films: Ricki Lake. Before her television show.*Hairspray 80s Films: Say ___*Anything 80s Films: Sex, Lies and ___*Videotape 80s Films: Some Kind of ___*Wonderful 80s Films: The Big ___*Chill 80s Films: The bitch is back, and it's not Sigourney.*Aliens 80s Films: The Evil ___*Dead 80s Films: The Last ___ of Christ*Temptation 80s Films: The paean to late nights and teens in the 1950s*Diner 80s Films: The Right ___*Stuff 80s Films: The ___ Brothers*Blues 80s Films: The ___ Crystal*Dark 80s Films: The ___ Guy*Lonely 80s Films: This is ___ Tap*Spinal 80s Films: Three Men and a ___*Baby 80s Films: Urban ___*Cowboy 80s Films: War___*Games 80s Films: ___ Boys*Bad 80s Films: ___ By Me*Stand 80s Films: ___ Eye*Cat's 80s Films: ___ of Dreams*Field 80s Films: ___ of Fire*Chariots 80s Films: ___ of the Universe*Masters 80s Films: ___ of War*Casualties 80s Films: ___ Taste*Bad 80s Films: ___ That Girl?*Who's 80s Films: ___ the 13th*Friday A "double sheet bend" is a type of what*knot A block of compressed coal dust used as fuel*briquette A boat or raft with two parallel hulls*catamaran A bone specialist is a________*osteopath A capital D is the Roman numeral for which number*five hundred A character named 'Spearchucker Jones' was deleted from this famous American television show's cast after only five episodes?*MASH A charge of dwai is for what*driving while ability impaired A complex alcohol constituent of all animal fats and oils*cholesterol A dolphin can remember a specific ______ better than a human*tone A famous RAH novel, as well as a number believed to be cursed*the number of the beast A Group of Cattle is called a?*herd A group of ducks is called*brace A Group of Lion is called a?*pride A herb or drug described as 'haemostatic' performs which effect*stops bleeding A hoop worn under skirts is called a what*farthingale A kipper is what type of smoked fish*herring A large French country house*chateau A light canvas shoe with a plaited sole*espadrille A magnum of champagne is how many litres*1.5 A male singer whose sexual organs have been modified is known as a what*castrato A person refusing to join a strike*blackleg A sadhu is a holy man in which country*india A sailor who has not yet crossed the equator is referred to by what name*Pollywog A salad containing diced apple, celery, walnuts and mayonnaise is known as what*waldorf salad A ships officer in charge of equipment and crew*boatswain A short legged hunting dog*basset A short womens jacket without fastenings*bolero A small crown*coronet A small pickled cucumber*gherkin A terrapin is a type of _________.*Turtle A very tall center and a real ladies man*wilt the stilt A wild ox*bison A word like 'NASA' formed from the initials of other words is a(n) _________.*Acronym Aarchie Moore, was world champion in what sport from 1952 1962*boxing About which Prime Minister was it said "He could never see a belt without hitting below it"*lloyd george According to John Aubrey's Brief Lives , what card game did the English poet, Sir John Suckling, invent in 1630*cribbage According to superstition, what do you do when you stub the toes on your right foot*make a wish According to the title of a famous novel, there are how many 'Years of Solitude*one hundred According to tradition, which animals desert a sinking ship*rats According to U.S. law, what may not be granted on a useless invention, on a method of doing business, on mere printed matter, or on a device or machine that will not operate*patent Acronym for quasi-stellar radio source, any of the blue, starlike objects that are strong radio emitters and the spectra of what exhibit a strong red shift*quasar Acronym Soup - JVC*japan victor company Acronym Soup: ACK*acknowledgement Acronym Soup: ANSI *american national standards institute Acronym Soup: AOL*america on line Acronym Soup: AWGTHTGTTA *are we going to have to go through this/that again Acronym Soup: BAC*by any chance Acronym Soup: BAK*back at keyboard Acronym Soup: BBL*be back later Acronym Soup: BOS*big orange switch; boyfriend over shoulder Acronym Soup: BRT*be right there Acronym Soup: BST*british summer time Acronym Soup: BTOBD*be there or be dead Acronym Soup: BWL*bursting with laughter Acronym Soup: COD*cash on delivery Acronym Soup: DBN*doing business*not Acronym Soup: DFM*don't flame me Acronym Soup: DIIK *damned if i know Acronym Soup: DOB*date of birth Acronym Soup: DWIM *do what i mean Acronym Soup: E2EG*ear to ear grin Acronym Soup: EMSG*email message Acronym Soup: FIRST *forum of incident response and security teams Acronym Soup: FOAF*friend of a friend Acronym Soup: FOD *finger of death Acronym Soup: FURTB *full up ready to burst Acronym Soup: GAFIA *get away from it all Acronym Soup: GIWIST*gee i wish i'd said that Acronym Soup: GMT *greenwich mean time Acronym Soup: HTTP*hyper text transfer protocol Acronym Soup: IAAD*i am a doctor Acronym Soup: IAE *in any event Acronym Soup: IBTD*i beg to differ Acronym Soup: IMBO*in my biased opinion Acronym Soup: IWALY *i will always love you Acronym Soup: JIC *just in case Acronym Soup: JTLYK *just to let you know Acronym Soup: JTUSK *just thought you should know Acronym Soup: JTYMLTK *just thought you might like to know Acronym Soup: L8TRZ *laters Acronym Soup: LHU *lord help us Acronym Soup: LLAP*live long and prosper Acronym Soup: LMC *lost my connection Acronym Soup: LoTR*lord of the rings Acronym Soup: LSFIAB*like shooting fish in a barrel Acronym Soup: LYLAB *love you like a brother Acronym Soup: MD*mailed Acronym Soup: MHM *members helping members Acronym Soup: MHOTY *my hat's off to you Acronym Soup: MIPS*meaningless information per second Acronym Soup: MORF*male or female Acronym Soup: NAGI*not a good idea Acronym Soup: NDM *no disrespect meant Acronym Soup: NIDWTC*no i don't want to chat Acronym Soup: NIH *not invented here Acronym Soup: NOOTO *nothing out of the ordinary Acronym Soup: NYM *new york minute Acronym Soup: OTT *over the top Acronym Soup: PAW *parents are watching Acronym Soup: PDQ *pretty damn quick Acronym Soup: PIMP*pee in my pants Acronym Soup: PLMKO *please let me know ok Acronym Soup: PMBI*pardon my butting in Acronym Soup: PTO *please turn over Acronym Soup: Q *queue Acronym Soup: QPQ *quid pro quo Acronym Soup: RA*red alert Acronym Soup: ROFLMHO *rolling on floor laughing my head off Acronym Soup: ROTFLAS *rolling on the floor laughing and snorting Acronym Soup: RTS *read the screen; real time strategy Acronym Soup: SASS*short attention span society/syndrome Acronym Soup: SMOFF *serious mode off Acronym Soup: SMOP*small matter of programming Acronym Soup: SNR *signal to noise ratio Acronym Soup: SOHB*sense of humour bypass Acronym Soup: ST-DS9*star trek deep space 9 Acronym Soup: SUFID *screwing up face in disgust Acronym Soup: TBE *to be expected Acronym Soup: TIATLG*truly i am the living god Acronym Soup: TMIKTLIU*the more i know the less i understand Acronym Soup: TN*telnet Acronym Soup: TRDMC *tears running down my cheeks Acronym Soup: UUCP*unix-tounix copy Acronym Soup: VR*virtual reality Acronym Soup: W/*with Acronym Soup: WAIS*wide area information server Acronym Soup: WC*way cool Acronym Soup: WYM *what you mean? Acronym Soup: YCLIU *you can look it up Acronym Soup: YGTBK *you've got to be kidding Acronym Soup: YHBW*you have been warned Acronym Soup: YKYATP*you know you're a tired parent Actor Arnold Schwarzenegger bought the first Hummer manufactured for civilian use when*1992 Actor ______ Borgnine*Ernest Actually caused by layers of hot air refracting sunlight*mirage Advertising film which is informative and purportedly objective*infomercial After whom is the month of July named*julius caesar Air is 21% oxygen, 78% ______, and 1% other gases*nitrogen Alberta's shield on the coat of arms, bears the cross of*saint george Algebra: Define the value of X: -10x - 19 = 19 - 8x*-19 Algebra: Define the value of X: 99 + 5x = 2000 - 5x - 911*99 All Hebrew orignating names that end with the letters "el" have something to do with what*god Alphabetically speaking, which is the last of the 26 Irish counties. Most people say Wexford, but they're wrong*.wicklow Although his career was snuffed out in the same plane crash that killed Buddy Holly, which east L.A kid had a memorable top ten hit about his girlfriend Donna*Richie Valens Always _______*coca cola America's country's first commercial oil well was located in what state*pennsylvania American indians used beads as currency. What was it called*wampum American inventor and teacher of the deaf, most famous for his invention of the telephone.*alexander graham bell An addition to a will is called a*codicil An America reindeer*caribou An animal is a fish if it has _________*gills An area seperating potential belligerents*buffer zone An underground layer of water filled rock is called an*aquifer Animal Trivia: ---------- and short-tailed shrews get by on only two hours of sleep a day.*elephants Animal Trivia: ---------- are the only animals born with horns. Both males and females are born with bony knobs on the forehead.*giraffes Animal Trivia: ---------- can swim for a 1/2 mile without resting, and they can tread water for 3 days straight.*rats Animal Trivia: ---------- feel safest when they are crowded together, hundreds in a group.*flamingoes Animal Trivia: ---------- have the best eyesight of any breed of dog.*greyhounds Animal Trivia: ---------- herds post their own sentries. When danger threatens, the sentry raises its trunk and though it may be as far as a half-mile away, the rest of the herd is instantly alerted. how this communication takes place is not understood.*elephant Animal Trivia: ---------- may travel great distances on their migrations. The Arctic tern travels from the top of the world, the Arctic - to the bottom, the Antarctic. Round trip in a single year: 25,000 miles in all.*birds Animal Trivia: A camel can shut its nostrils during a ----------*desert sandstormanimal trivia: a camel with one hump is a dromedary, while a camel with two humps is a ----------*bactrian Animal Trivia: A donkey is an "ass", but an ass is not always a donkey. The word "ass" refers to several hoofed mammals of the genus Equus, including the ----------*onager Animal Trivia: A garter snake can give birth to ----------*85 babies Animal Trivia: A giant Pacific ---------- can fit its entire body through an opening no bigger than the size of its beak.*octopus Animal Trivia: A male ---------- that has been neutered is known as a "wether."*goat Animal Trivia: A mole can dig a tunnel ---------- feet long in one night.*three hundred*300 Animal Trivia: A young pigeon that has not yet flown is a ----------*squab Animal Trivia: All porcupines float in ----------*water Animal Trivia: Baby beavers are called kits or ----------*kittens Animal Trivia: Because its tongue is too short for its beak, the ---------- must juggle its food before swallowing it.*toucan Animal Trivia: Because the natural habitat of ---------- is of little use to man - the alkaline African lake waters support few fish and cannot be used for human consumption or irrigation - and also because their resting areas are typically inaccessible, the birds are rarely disturbed, unlike other African wild birds.*flamingos Animal Trivia: Boxers were named after their habit of playing. At the beginning of play with another dog, a Boxer will stand on his hind legs and bat at his opponent, appearing to "box" with his ----------*front paws Animal Trivia: Bull giraffes forage higher in trees than cow giraffes which reduces food competition between the sexes. Long-legged giraffes walk with the limbs on one side of the body lifted at the same time. This gait is called a pace and allows a longer stride which saves ----------*steps and energy Animal Trivia: Cats are the only domestic animals that walk directly on their ----------, not on their paws. This method of walking is called "digitigrade". When cats scratch furniture, it isn't an act of malice. They are actually tearing off the ragged edges of the sheaths of their talons to expose the new sharp ones beneath.*claws Animal Trivia: Elephants, lions, and camels roamed ---------- 12,000 years ago.*alaska Animal Trivia: Every ----------, there is a peak in Canada wildlife population, especially among the muskrats, red fox, skunks, mink, lynx, and rabbits. The population of grasshoppers of the world tends to rise and fall rhythmically in 9.2-year cycles.*9.6 years Animal Trivia: From crocodile farms, Australia exports about 5,000 crocodile skins a year. Most go to Paris, where a crocodile purse can sell for more than ----------*$10,000 Animal Trivia: If they are well treated, camels in captivity can live to the age of ----------*fifty*50 Animal Trivia: It seems to biologists that, unlike their humpback whale relatives whose underwater song evolves from year to year, killer whales retain individual ---------- unchanged over long periods, possibly even for life.*dialects Animal Trivia: It takes an average of 345 squirts to yield a gallon of milk from a cow's ----------*udder Animal Trivia: Javelinas are free-ranging, yet territorial animals that travel in small herds. One of the reasons they travel in numbers is so they can huddle to stay warm - they don't handle cold well and can ----------*to death quickly.*freeze Animal Trivia: Milk snakes lay about 13 eggs - in piles of animal ----------*manure Animal Trivia: Monkeys will not eat red meat or ----------*butter Animal Trivia: Pink elephants? In regions of India where the soil is red, elephants take on a permanent pink tinge because they regularly spray dust over their bodies to protect themselves against ----------*insects Animal Trivia: The ---------- snake found in the state of Arizona is not poisonous, but when frightened, it may hiss loudly and vibrate its tail like a rattlesnake.*gopher Animal Trivia: The ---------- whale is the mammal with the heaviest brain - about six times heavier than a human's.*sperm Animal Trivia: The Alaskan ---------- is the largest deer of the New World. It attains a height at the withers in excess of 7 feet and, when fully grown, weighs up to 1,800 pounds.*moose Animal Trivia: The armor of the ---------- is not as tough as it appears. It is very pliable, much like a human fingernail.*armadillo Animal Trivia: The average adult ---------- weighs 21 pounds.*raccoon Animal Trivia: The average giraffe's ---------- is two or three times that of a healthy man.*blood pressure Animal Trivia: The average porcupine has more than 30,000 quills. Porcupines are excellent swimmers because their quills are hollow and serve as pontoons to keep them ----------*afloat Animal Trivia: The bat is the only mammal that can ----------*fly Animal Trivia: The Dalmatian dog is named for the Dalmatian Coast of ----------, where it is believed to have been originally bred.*croatia Animal Trivia: The electric eel lives in the Amazon River and its tributaries in South America. The rivers churn up a lot of mud and the eels cannot see well in them. Two less powerful electric fish are the electric catfish and ray. Electric rays live in warm ocean water, and they can give off a charge of sufficient force to stun a human. The biggest electric ray, the Atlantic torpedo ray, can weigh ---------- pounds.*two hundred*200 Animal Trivia: The fastest animal on four legs is the ----------*, which races at speeds up to 70 miles per hour in short distances. it can accelerate to 45 miles per hour in two seconds.*cheetah Animal Trivia: The female condor lays a single egg once every ----------*two years*2 years Animal Trivia: The female king crab incubates as many as 400,000 young for 11 months in a brood pouch under her ----------*abdomen Animal Trivia: The fur of the vicuna, a small member of the camel family which live in the Andes mountains of Peru, is so fine that each hair is less than two-thousandths of an inch. The animal was considered sacred by the Incas, and only royalty could wear its ----------*fleece Animal Trivia: The hummingbird is the only bird that can ----------*fly backwards Animal Trivia: The largest species of seahorse measures ----------*eight inches*8 inches Animal Trivia: The leech has 32 brains - 31 more than a ----------*human Animal Trivia: The leech will gorge itself up to ---------- its body weight and then just fall off its victim.*five times Animal Trivia: The life expectancy of the average mockingbird is ----------*ten years*10 years Animal Trivia: The maximum life span of ---------- has been documented to be over 200 years in exceptional cases. The average life span of the large colorful fish, however, is 25 to 35 years.*koi Animal Trivia: The Rufous is the only species of hummingbird to nest in Alaska. They migrate 2,000 miles to Mexico each winter, and then back to Alaska in the ----------*spring Animal Trivia: The sea cucumber, a purplish-brown creature covered with ----------, has a unique defense strategy. When attacked, it throws out sticky threads from its mouth, which entangles its enemy. The sea cucumber can then quickly escape.*warts Animal Trivia: The smell of a ---------- can be detected by a human a mile away.*skunk Animal Trivia: The tarantula spends most of its life within its burrow, which is an 18-inch vertical hole with an inch-wide opening. When male tarantulas are between the ages of 5 to 7 years, they leave the burrow in search of a female, usually in the early fall. This migration actually signals the end of their life cycle. The males mate with as many females as they can, and then they die around mid-----------*november Animal Trivia: The three-toed ---------- of tropical America can swim easily, but it can only drag itself across bare ground.*sloth Animal Trivia: The two ---------- of a dolphin's brain work independently. For 8 hours, the entire brain is awake. The left side then sleeps for 8 hours. When it wakes up, the right side sleeps for 8 hours. Thus, the dolphin gets 8 hours of sleep without ever having to stop physically.*hemispheres Animal Trivia: There are about 40 different ---------- in a birds wing.*muscles Animal Trivia: There is no mention of cats or rats in the ----------*bible Animal Trivia: Though human noses have an impressive 5 million olfactory cells with which to smell, sheepdogs have 220 million, enabling them to smell 44 times better than ----------*man Animal Trivia: Unlike dolphins, porpoises are not very ----------*sociable Animal Trivia: Wandering ---------- spread their wings, clack bills, and shake heads in a ritual dance. Bonds between courting birds may last the whole of a 50-year lifetime.*albatrosses Animal Trivia: When young abalones feed on red seaweed, their shells turn ----------*red Animal Trivia: While many people believe that a camel's humps are used for water storage, they are actually made up of ----------. The hump of a well-rested, well-fed camel can weigh up to eighty pounds.*fat Animals that once existed and exist no more, are called ______*Extinct Annapolis & Minneapolis contain the suffix "polis", which in Greek means ____*city Anothe name for an artists workshop or studio*ateller Another name for guardian angels is*watchers Another name for phencyclidine hydrochloride*angel dust Another name for wood alcohol is....*methanol Anthocyanins are compounds which produce what*colors Anti tank rocket launcher*bazooka Any of a large group of chemicals almost exclusively organic in nature, used for the coloring of textiles, inks, food products, & other substances*dyes Any of various scientific recording devices designed to register a person's bodily responses to being questioned?*polygraph Apart from Gottfried Leibniz, which famous scientist developed the many techniques of calculus in mathematics*isaac newton Approx 800 people died at a firework display in Paris in what year*1770 Araucaria or Chile Pine has a more common name, what is it*monkey puzzle tree Architectural style developed in the Eastern Empire*byzantine As clear as a _______*Bell As pretty as a ______*picture As what did Kotex first manufactured in WWI*bandages As what is Beethoven's piano sonata in C-sharp minor more commonly known*the moonlight sonata As what is Hungary also known*magyar As what is the Devonian period also known*age of fish As what was John F. Kennedy airport formerly known*idlewild As what was Louis XIV also known*sun king As what was sony's video recorder known*beta-max*beta max*beta Ashord/V. Simpson)*whitney houston At what theme park are the Looney Toons associated with*Six Flags*6 flags At which university did the poet Philip Larkin work as a librarian*hull Athropod with worm like body and many legs*centipede Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 0 Gold, 1 Silver, 0 Bronze, 1 in Total*bahamas Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 0 Gold, 1 Silver, 0 Bronze, 1 in Total*latvia Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 1 Gold, 0 Silver, 0 Bronze, 1 in Total*burundi Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 1 Gold, 0 Silver, 0 Bronze, 1 in Total*syria Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 1 Gold, 0 Silver, 1 Bronze, 2 in Total*thailand Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 1 Gold, 1 Silver, 0 Bronze, 2 in Total*croatia Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 2 Gold, 4 Silver, 2 Bronze, 8 in Total*sweden Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 3 Gold, 0 Silver, 1 Bronze, 4 in Total*ireland Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 4 Gold, 1 Silver, 1 Bronze, 6 in Total*turkey Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 4 Gold, 3 Silver, 2 Bronze, 9 in Total*czech republic Atlanta 1996 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 4 Gold, 4 Silver, 6 Bronze, 14 in Total*spain Aussie Slang: Ankle biter*young child Aussie Slang: Battler*someone who works hard Aussie Slang: Blue ass fly*someone doing something very fast Aussie Slang: Bull dust*a lie Aussie Slang: Dacks*trousers or shorts Aussie Slang: Do the lolly*to get very angry Aussie Slang: Dunny*toilet Aussie Slang: Earbashing*someone talking to you for a long time Aussie Slang: Eat a horse, and chase the jockey*you are very very hungry Aussie Slang: Fair dinkum*honest, genuine Aussie Slang: Footy*ozzie rules football Aussie Slang: Get nicked*to get caught Aussie Slang: Grot*person who is very dirty or untidy Aussie Slang: Holy-dooly*an expression of surprise Aussie Slang: In your dreams*telling someone that it isn't going to happen Aussie Slang: Kiwi*someone who lives in new zealand Aussie Slang: Knocker*someone who makes derogatory remarks Aussie Slang: Oldies*parents Aussie Slang: Paddock*grazing field for sheep and cattle Aussie Slang: Rack off*told to go away angrily Aussie Slang: Sanga*sandwich Aussie Slang: Shonky*poor quality Aussie Slang: Stone the crows*exclamation of amazement Aussie Slang: Tinnie*can of beer or a aluminum boat Aussie Slang: Wowser*a killjoy Aussie Slang: Wrapped*excited about something good that has happened Authority charged with the disposition of legal actions involving children*juvenile court AUTHORS/POETS: Who wrote Illiad*alexander pope Authors: The Silence of the Lambs*thomas harris AUTHORS: Who wrote A Bridge to Far*cornelius ryan AUTHORS: Who wrote A Christmas Carol*charles dickens AUTHORS: Who wrote A Clockwork Orange*anthony burgess AUTHORS: Who wrote As I Lay Dying*william faulkner AUTHORS: Who wrote Cardinal of the Kremlin*tom clancy AUTHORS: Who wrote Catch 22*joseph heller AUTHORS: Who wrote Chitty Chitty Bang Bang*ian fleming AUTHORS: Who wrote Cry the Beloved Country*alan paton AUTHORS: Who wrote Deptford Trilogy*robertson davies AUTHORS: Who wrote El Gringo*carlos fuentes AUTHORS: Who wrote Fahrenheit 451*ray bradbury AUTHORS: Who wrote Ice Palace*edna furber AUTHORS: Who wrote Interview with a Vampire*anne rice AUTHORS: Who wrote Ironweed*William Kennedy AUTHORS: Who wrote Islands in the Stream*ernest hemingway AUTHORS: Who wrote Jane Eyre*charlotte bronte AUTHORS: Who wrote Lightning*Dean Koontz AUTHORS: Who wrote Little Country*charles de lint AUTHORS: Who wrote Lolita*vladimir nabokov AUTHORS: Who wrote Movable Feast*ernest hemingway AUTHORS: Who wrote Murders of Rue Morgue*edgar allan poe AUTHORS: Who wrote Pilgrims Progress*john bunyan AUTHORS: Who wrote Portnoy's Complaint*philip roth AUTHORS: Who wrote Puppet Masters*robert heinlein AUTHORS: Who wrote Silas Marner*george elliot AUTHORS: Who wrote Single and Single*john le carre AUTHORS: Who wrote Someplace to Be Flying*charles de lint AUTHORS: Who wrote Sound and the Fury*william faulkner AUTHORS: Who wrote Sum of All Fears*tom clancy AUTHORS: Who wrote The Runaway Jury*john grisham AUTHORS: Who wrote Travels*marco polo AUTHORS: Who wrote Vet in Harness*james herriot AUTHORS: Who wrote Wizard of Oz*l frank baum Authors: Zorba the Greek*nikos kazantzakis Baby Names Beginning With "A": Meaning: Good*aggie Baby Names Beginning With "A": Meaning: Healer*althea Baby Names Beginning With "A": Meaning: High, Exalted*aram Baby Names Beginning With "A": Meaning: Island*avalon Baby Names Beginning With "A": Meaning: Last Daughter*audi Baby Names Beginning With "A": Meaning: Love*amorina Baby Names Beginning With "A": Meaning: Lovely*ah Baby Names Beginning With "A": Meaning: Loving, Kind-Hearted*aloha Baby Names Beginning With "A": Meaning: Noble, Kind*ada Baby Names Beginning With "A": Meaning: 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Strong Man*cairbre Baby Names Beginning With "C": Meaning: To Life*chaim Baby Names Beginning With "C": Meaning: To the Castle*castel Baby Names Beginning With "C": Meaning: Very Beautiful*calixte Baby Names Beginning With "C": Meaning: Victorious People*caelan Baby Names Beginning With "C": Meaning: Warrior*calhoun Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: A Gift*donato Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: Hidden Nook*darnell Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: Leader of the People*didrika Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: Longed For*desana Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: Mouth of a River*delta Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: Of God*dominique Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: Of the Devil*desdemona Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: Powerful, Rich Ruler*dick Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: Queenly*daria Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: Roaming*dessa Baby Names Beginning With "D": Meaning: The Beginning*davu Baby Names Beginning With 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Beginning With "F": Meaning: The Hollow*floyd Baby Names Beginning With "F": Meaning: White Shoulder*fennella Baby Names Beginning With "G": Meaning: A Dove*giona Baby Names Beginning With "G": Meaning: Grace of God*grace Baby Names Beginning With "G": Meaning: Loving*guillermina Baby Names Beginning With "G": Meaning: Merry, Happy*gaye Baby Names Beginning With "G": Meaning: My Joy, Rejoice*gili Baby Names Beginning With "G": Meaning: Son of the Grey-Haired One*grayson Baby Names Beginning With "H": Meaning: Hollow in the Valley*holden Baby Names Beginning With "H": Meaning: Lamb*hamal Baby Names Beginning With "H": Meaning: Meadow on the Cliff*hanley Baby Names Beginning With "H": Meaning: Rabbit*hazeka Baby Names Beginning With "H": Meaning: Shining Brightly*haruki Baby Names Beginning With "H": Meaning: Spacious Meadow*harley Baby Names Beginning With "H": Meaning: Star*hoshiko Baby Names Beginning With "H": Meaning: The Flower*hyacinth Baby Names Beginning With "I": Meaning: Innocent*ince Baby Names Beginning With "I": Meaning: Mother*ina Baby Names Beginning With "I": Meaning: Mythological Creature*iphigenia Baby Names Beginning With "I": Meaning: Only Son*iggi Baby Names Beginning With "I": Meaning: Snow*istas Baby Names Beginning With "J": Meaning: God is Willing*joel Baby Names Beginning With "J": Meaning: Happy*jabulani Baby Names Beginning With "J": Meaning: Happy*jovita Baby Names Beginning With "J": Meaning: Holy Man*jeroen Baby Names Beginning With "J": Meaning: Jade*jadzia Baby Names Beginning With "J": Meaning: Prominent*jael Baby Names Beginning With "J": Meaning: Supplanter*jocelin Baby Names Beginning With "J": Meaning: Youthful*julius Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: A Church*kirby Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Golden*kin Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Handsome, Beautiful*kevin Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Harp*koto Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Hunter*kacela Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Maiden*koren Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Perfect*kamil Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Poet*kavi Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Pure*katrina Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Rejoicer, Waterfall Pool*kaelin Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Rosy Reflection in the Sky*kawena Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Royal*kennedy Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Song, Songstress*karmina Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: The Loved One*kendi Baby Names Beginning With "K": Meaning: Treasure House*kura Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Gracious, Poetic*leighanna Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Harness Maker*lorimer Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Joy, Gladness*letitia Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: King*loe Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Land*lancelot Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Lilac*lilia Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Linden Trees Near the Water*lindsey Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Lioness*liona Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Lord*laval Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Moon*lucine Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Pretty One*linda Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Shining*lara Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Small Cove*logan Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Suave*lizina Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Tall One*lang Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: The Mountain*lamont Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Town near the Brook*lynton Baby Names Beginning With "L": Meaning: Young Girl, Maiden*lassie Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Goodness*meged Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Great Spring*maxwell Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Great*more Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Hawaiian form of MARY*mele Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Ill-fated Luck*mallory Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Lucky*maimun Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: May*mei Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Meadow*maitland Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Mine*mio Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Miracle Worker*maxima Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Moor, Dark Skinned*maurice Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Peaceful*mykel Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Pearl*margaux Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Pearl*margo Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Protector from the Sea*meredith Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Righteous Way*michi Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Sailor*murray Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Scholarly Accomplishments*mendel Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Single, Alone*monita Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Son of Hugh*magee Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Son of Ken or Kenna*mckenna Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Son of Man*manning Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Song-like*melody Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: The Thrush*mavis Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: The Tree/Victory*myrtle Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Who is like God?*mikko Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Wise Little Raccoon*mika Baby Names Beginning With "M": Meaning: Wished-For Child*mariam Baby Names Beginning With "N": Meaning: Her Life*nakeisha Baby Names Beginning With "N": Meaning: New Moon*neona Baby Names Beginning With "N": Meaning: Pleasant*naomi Baby Names Beginning With "N": Meaning: Powerful*nero Baby Names Beginning With "N": Meaning: Saint Worshipper*nevina Baby Names Beginning With "N": Meaning: Second Wife*nyeki Baby Names Beginning With "N": Meaning: Son of NEAL*nelson Baby Names Beginning With "N": Meaning: Standing Tall*nibaw Baby Names Beginning With "N": Meaning: The Flowers*napua Baby Names Beginning With "O": Meaning: Golden Woman*orla Baby Names Beginning With "O": Meaning: Lives beside the Oaks*ogden Baby Names Beginning With "O": Meaning: Ode, Melodic*odette Baby Names Beginning With "O": Meaning: Of the Sea*ormanda Baby Names Beginning With "O": Meaning: Strong, Courageous*ondrea Baby Names Beginning With "O": Meaning: The Orient, East*orien Baby Names Beginning With "O": Meaning: To Cross*okal Baby Names Beginning With "O": Meaning: Venerable*oistin Baby Names Beginning With "P": Meaning: Lover of Flowers*philantha Baby Names Beginning With "P": Meaning: Silent Worker (From Penelope)*penny Baby Names Beginning With "P": Meaning: Small*paola Baby Names Beginning With "P": Meaning: Stone*petronella Baby Names Beginning With "Q": Meaning: How much*quant Baby Names Beginning With "Q": Meaning: Queen or Female Companion*queenie Baby Names Beginning With "R": Meaning: Grand*ronda Baby Names Beginning With "R": Meaning: Island*rylan Baby Names Beginning With "R": Meaning: Link Together*rivka Baby Names Beginning With "R": Meaning: Over the Red River*redford Baby Names Beginning With "R": Meaning: Peaceful, Queen*reina Baby Names Beginning With "R": Meaning: Queen*ranee Baby Names Beginning With "R": Meaning: Roses*rhoda Baby Names Beginning With "R": Meaning: Satisfied*reda Baby Names Beginning With "R": Meaning: Steward*reeves Baby Names Beginning With "R": Meaning: Wise Protection*raymond Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Jane, God is Gracious*sheena Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Long, Heavy Nail*spike Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Ostrich from Water*sadira Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Red*scarlett Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Rocky Meadow*stanley Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Shipmaster*skipper Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Stem of Bamboo*shino Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: To Stain*sully Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Treasure, Prize*sima Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Valuable*sterling Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Warrior*sloan Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Wealthy*sumana Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Well-going*sivney Baby Names Beginning With "S": Meaning: Wisdom*sonia Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: A Fairy Queen*tania Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: A measure of land*tate Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: Land of Owen, Young Soldier*tyrone Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: Mirror Image*toshi Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: Mole, Gopher*topo Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: Nation, Tribe*taifa Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: Perfect*tamma Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: River*tyne Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: Rocky Hill*taran Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: Sad*trista Baby Names Beginning With "T": Meaning: The Pure One*thrine Baby Names Beginning With "U": Meaning: To Arrive*uday Baby Names Beginning With "U": Meaning: Wolf*ulf Baby Names Beginning With "V": Meaning: Great*velika Baby Names Beginning With "V": Meaning: Health or Love*valentina Baby Names Beginning With "V": Meaning: Life*vito Baby Names Beginning With "V": Meaning: Longings are Waterfalls*visola Baby Names Beginning With "V": Meaning: Small*vaughn Baby Names Beginning With "V": Meaning: Truth*verda Baby Names Beginning With "V": Meaning: Youthful*verne Baby Names Beginning With "V": Meaning: Youthful*vernon Baby Names Beginning With "W": Meaning: Path of a Wolf*wolfgang Baby Names Beginning With "W": Meaning: Shield*walta Baby Names Beginning With "W": Meaning: The Path thru the Woods*woodrow Baby Names Beginning With "W": Meaning: To Wade in Water*wade Baby Names Beginning With "X": Meaning: WANG Desire*xi Baby Names Beginning With "Y": Meaning: Quiet*yoshi Baby Names Beginning With "Y": Meaning: Son*yaro Baby Names Beginning With "Y": Meaning: Strength of God*yael Baby Names Beginning With "Y": Meaning: Violet Flower*yoland Baby Names Beginning With "Z": Meaning: Growing*zaida Baby Names Beginning With "Z": Meaning: Present*zavad Baby Names Beginning With "Z": Meaning: The Lord is my Rock*zuriel Baby Names Beginning With "Z": Meaning: White Wave*zenevieva Baby Names Beginning With "Z": Meaning: Zeal*zelia Back in the day at Walt Disney studios, Walt's brother Ray (yes, Ray) reportedly peddled what to employees on the lot*insurance Baklava is a form of....*dessert Barbie's nautical-sounding sister*skipper BaseBall - The Chicago ____*cubs Baseball the st louis ______*cardinals Baseball: the Baltimore ________*orioles Basketball the Boston ___________*celtics Bat Masterson was a sportswriter for what paper*morning telegraph Beasley how much does park place cost in monopoly*four hundred fifty dollars Because metal was scarce during world war ii, of what were the oscars made*wood Because Moses felt he was "slow of speech and slow of tongue", who often acted as his spokesperson*aaron Ben Affleck played CT on what 80's science education television show?*Voyage of the Mimi Benazir Bhutto regained power in 1993 after being ousted how many years before*three*3 Biko was involved in what protest movement?*Apartheid Bill justis was a studio musician when he recorded this 'sloppy' instrumental in october 1957*raunchy Bill Watterson, cartoonist for Calvin & Hobbes, is the first cartoonist to use what word in his cartoon*booger Biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment*ecosystem Bismarck is the capital of ______*north dakota Bissau is the capital of ______*guinea-bissau Bond: What was the first James Bond film?*Dr. No Book of the Old Testament, third of the five biblical books called the Pentateuch?*leviticus Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: Dallas - 1950*gary cooper British rock-music group that rivaled the popularity of the group's early contemporaries, The Beatles*the rolling stones Briton's say 'tarmac', Americans say ________*runway Brothers A terrapin is a type of _________.*Turtle Bruce Willis, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone own which London restaurant*planet hollywood Buenos Aires is the capital of ______ *argentina Burn to stop the flow of blood*cauterize By what Alias does Ferris Bueller get into Chez Luis?*Abe Frohman By what name is Maurice Micklewhite better known*michael caine By what name is the bird Troglodytes Troglodytes better known WREN By what other name do we know table tennis*ping pong By who was gerald ford almost assassinated*squeaky fromme Can a bat stand up*no Can a platypus see under water*no Can you swim in the sea of showers*no Canada is seperated on an imaginary line along the ______*49th parallel Capital cities: Finland*helsinki Carmenta is the roman goddess of ______*childbirth Carolyn Weston's novel Poor, Poor Ophelia was the basis for what show*streets of san francisco Carter what do goldfish lose if kept in dimly lit or running water*colour Cat stevens 'want's to try to love again but ______' *the first cut is the Category: 1980s GrabBag : He lost the 1977 NYC mayoral bid before taking successful aim at Albany*mario cuomo Category: 1980s GrabBag: Country that saw 32 of its citizens convicted of spying from 1981-88*united states Category: 1980s GrabBag: First shortstop since Carew to lead all-star voting 2 years in a row*ozzie smith Category: 1980s GrabBag: The last team Tom Seaver tried to pitch for*new york mets Category: 1980s GrabBag: This country's President Zia ul-Haq was killed in a 1988 plane crash*pakistan Category: 1993 The Year: billion of financial aid went to this nation.*russia Category: 1993 The Year: This man became South Korea's first civilian leader.*kim young sam Category: 19th Cent Art: The two prominent subjects in Sir Edwin Landseer's "Man Proposes, God Disposes"*polar bear Category: 60s: First nation ever to resign from the united nations.*indonesia Category: 70s Authors: Born on the Fourth of July*ron kovic Category: 70s Authors: The Friends of Eddie Coyle*george v. higgins Category: 70s Authors: The Summer before the Dark*doris lessing Category: 70s Authors: The Uses of Enchantment*bruno bettleheim Category: 80s: G.D. Searle & Co put this brand sweetener on the market in 1983.*nutrasweet Category: Ad Jingles: They make the very best chocolate.*nestle Category: Ad Slogans: "Just for the taste of it"*diet coke Category: Ad Slogans: "You will"*att Category: Ad Slogans: "You'll love the way we fly"*delta airlines Category: Ads: This product is named for its chief component, muriate of berberine.*murine Category: Advertising: Jhirmack hair products were advertised by this beauty.*victoria principal Category: Advertising: You are advised never to leave home without this.*american express Category: Alcohol: Monastic order that established the California wine industry*franciscan Category: American Beers - State: Icehouse:*wisconsin Category: Anatomy : Your ____ holds your head to your shoulders.*neck Category: Anime: What is the name of the male lead in _Vision of Escaflowne_*van fanel Category: Anime: What is the name of the most recent Tenchi Muyo series*shin tenchi muyo Category: Artists Hometowns: Steve Miller*madison Category: Arts : In what field of study would you find "flying buttresses"*architecture Category: Asimov Anthony: In the Xanth series, what is our world called*mundania Category: Astronomy : Does Uranus have an aurora*yes Category: Astronomy : This cluster of stars is also known as the Seven Sisters.*pleiades Category: Astronomy : What is the name for a group of stars*constellation Category: Author: How To Win Friends and Influence People*dale carnegie Category: Authors: The Prince of Tides*conroy Category: Barbie Dolls: Barbie's "MOD'ern" cousin*francie Category: Barbie: Barbie variety with suntanned skin*malibu Category: Barbie: Complete the Barbie outfit name : Here Comes The -----*bride Category: Barbie: Ken's buddy*allan Category: Barbie: What Barbie wears when she visits Japan*kimono Category: Beer: The process of extracting sugar from malt by soaking in water.*mashing Category: Bestsellers: Lake Wobegon is located in this state*minnesota Category: Bestsellers: Noble House can be found in this British colony*hong kong Category: Bestsellers: The first horror novel to reach the top, it became a Linda Blair movie*the exorcist Category: Bestsellers: The shortest bestselling title, by either Hepburn or King*me Category: Biology : Every human has one of these on their tummies.*navel Category: Books for the Bored: Who maintained law and order in Noddy's Toyland*mr. plod Category: Books for the Hip Reader: Illusions: The Adventures of a Reluctant Messiah?*richard bach Category: Books for the Hip Reader: Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles*andrews Category: Books for the Hip Reader: Men to Match My Mountains?*irving stone Category: Books: Author of One Police Plaza, 1984 best-seller.*caunitz Category: Books: Little girls are made of sugar, spice, and ---------- ----.*everything nice Category: Books: Men Against the Sea was part two of this trilogy.*bounty Category: Books: The author of "Heidi".*johanna spyri Category: Books: This event prompted Mailer to write The Naked and the Dead.*pearl harbor Category: Books: This novel inspired the TV series "The Six Million Dollar Man"*cyborg Category: Books: Wrote The Teachings of Don Juan: A Yaqui Way of Knowledge.*castaneda Category: Booze Grabbag: Spice that a bartender would dust your Brandy Flip with*nutmeg Category: Booze Names: 1 oz. gin and 1 oz. orange juice.*orange blossom Category: Booze Names: 1 oz. gin, 1/2 oz. dry vermouth, 1/2 oz. sweet vermouth, 1/2 oz. orange juice*bronx cocktail Category: Booze Names: Vodka, consomme, lemon, tabasco sauce, salt, pepper, celery salt.*bullshot Category: Cars: Combine a Van & a Car & you get this word.*caravan Category: Cars: Sister car of the Nissan Quest.*mercury villager Category: Cars: The original name for this Pontiac car was the Banshee, for its mythicality.*firebird Category: Cars: Volvo's chairman resigned in 1993 in protest of a merger with this automaker.*renault Category: Cartoon Trivia : In what year did both Peanuts and Beetle Bailey first appear*1950 Category: Cartoon Trivia : Name Alley Oop's girl friend*oola Category: Cartoon Trivia : On what T.V. show could Tom Terrific be found*captain kangaroo Category: Cartoon Trivia : Tess Trueheart married which plainclothes detective*dick tracy Category: Cartoon Trivia : What type of plant does Broom Hilda sell*venus flytrap Category: Cartoon Trivia : What was the name of Speed Racer's car*the mach five Category: Cartoon Trivia : Who is Snoopy's arch enemy*baron Category: Cartoon Trivia : Who says, "Th-th-th-that's all folks!"*porky pig Category: Celebrity Lovers: What is the FIRST NAME of U.S. Vice President Al Gore's wife*tipper Category: Celebrity: The director of Jaws, Raiders of the Lost Ark*stephen spielberg Category: Character Creators: Henry Esmond*william thackery Category: Character Creators: Jane Eyre*charlotte bronte Category: Chemistry : What is the main component of air*nitrogen Category: Childrens Literature: Childrens' series that is really a religious allegory. (C.S. Lewis)*chronicles of narnia Category: Childrens Literature: Judy Blume's first childrens' best seller*the tales of a fourth grade nothing Category: Childrens Literature: Leonard Wibberly on the Duchy of Grand Fenwick?*the mouse that roared Category: Chips: Dielectric thickness can be calculated from this electrical measurement*capacitance Category: Chips: Early MOSFET pioneer, Stanford grad & author of the EE's device bible:*sze Category: Cigarettes: Cigarette brand, or Robert Guillaume and shrubs.*benson and hedges Category: Civil War: USA Colonel who led the famed bayonet charge down Little Round Top*joshua lawrence chamberlain Category: Classic Board Games: What large game company's logo contains a spiral*parker brothers Category: Clive Barker: To the Seerkind, normal people are known as _______ (Weaveworld)*cuckoos Category: Clothes: This company's logo is a sailboat.*nautica Category: Clothes: Three-letter clothing outlet, or a space or void.*gap Category: Contemporary Authors: Washington D.C., Myra Breckinridge*gore vidal Category: Couples: Miss Piggy and ______*kermit Category: Couples: Romeo and ______*juliet Category: Couples: Sluggo and ______*nancy Category: Crime Stories: He played Caspar Gutman in the 1941 John Huston film*sydney greenstreet Category: Crime Stories: Raymond Chandler's gumshoe*phillip marlowe Category: Crime Writers: The Hot Rock*donald e. westlake Category: Cyberpunk: Cyberpunk term for "logging in" to a cyberspace system:*jacking in Category: Cyberpunk: In this predecessor of Cyberpunk novels, the hero was Guy Montag:*fahrenheit 451 Category: Dandy Candy: "There's no wrong way of eating" this.*reeses peanut butter cups Category: DC Secret Identities: Kay Challis*crazy jane Category: DC Secret Identities: Maggie Sawyer*maggie sawyer Category: Definitions : --isms: The theory that man cannot prove the existence of a god.*agnosticism Category: Definitions : -isms: Excessive emphasis on financial gain.*commercialism Category: Definitions : A receptacle for holy water is a(n) ________.*font Category: Definitions : Any object worn as a charm may be called a(n) _______.*amulet Category: Definitions : Doraphobia is the fear of _________.*fur Category: Definitions : Eleutherophobia is a fear of ___________.*freedom Category: Definitions : Legal Terms: A crime more serious than a misdemeanor.*felony Category: Definitions : Legal Terms: The people chosen to render a verdict in a court.*jury Category: Definitions : The study of man and culture is known as ________.*anthropology Category: Definitions : The study of natural phenomena: motion, forces, light, sound, etc. is called ______.*physics Category: Definitions : The study of religion is _________.*theology Category: Definitions : This word is used as the international radio distress call.*mayday Category: Definitions : What is a dried plum called*prune Category: Definitions : What is the common name for a Japanese dwarf tree*bonsai Category: Devils Dictionary: A ship big enough to carry two in fair weather, but only one in foul*friendship Category: Devils Dictionary: A woman with a fine prospect of happiness behind her*bride Category: Dr Seuss: The Big-hearted Moose*thidwick Category: Dr Seuss: This elephant hatched and egg and heard a who*horton Category: Easy People: Name the queen who tells the stories of _One Thousand and One Nights_.*scheherezade Category: Emoticons: (^o^)*happiness Category: Emoticons: :D*big smile Category: Famous Canadians: Known for her series of books about Anne Shirley.*lucy maud montgomery Category: Famous Canadians: Portly comedian, Second City alum, and CFL franchise co-owner.*john candy Category: Famous Gills: Montreal University that more ore less fits the category.*mcgill university Category: Famous People: Which actress married Richard Burton twice*elizabeth taylor Category: Fashion: Model that married David Bowie.*iman Category: Fast Food: Chain with a hat as a logo, makes roast beef burgers among other things.*arbys Category: Fast Food: Lots of people like this brown liquid with fries.*gravy Category: Fast Food: This "Fresh is the taste" chain is -everywhere-.*subway Category: Fictional Detectives: Creator of Perry Mason.*erle stanley gardner Category: Food and Drink : Mustard, ketchup and onions on a hotdog are all ___________.*condiments Category: Food: Mexican dish with minced and seasoned meat packed in cornmeal and corn husks.*tamale Category: French Food AKA: Delicate egg whites baked at a high temperature, literally means "a breath"*souffle Category: Fun : Cocktails: Cognac (brandy) and white creme de menthe make a(n) _____________.*stinger Category: Games : How many balls are used in a game of snooker in addition to the cue ball*twenty-one Category: Games : Name the only woman suspect in the game of "Cluedo" who isn't married.*miss scarlett Category: General : At one time, 6 white beads of this Indian currency were worth one penny*wampum Category: General : Baseballer Joe Schlabotnik's greatest fan*charlie brown Category: General : Originally made in Nimes, France, this fabric was called serge denimes*denim Category: General : The 2 months added when the Roman calendar was expanded from 10 to 12 months*january & february Category: General : The Russian sled drawn by 3 horses abreast*troika Category: General Knowledge : What is this sign called "&"*ampersand Category: Generation X Toys: Atari competitor that featured better graphics.*intellevision Category: Generation X Toys: Large plastic animals gobbled marbles in this game.*hungry hungry hippos Category: Geographic Trivia : What is the most populous city in North America*mexico Category: Geography : In what city is the Smithsonian Institute*washington Category: Geography : In which city is Red Square*moscow Category: Geography : In which city is the Coliseum located*rome Category: Geography : Into what body of water does the Danube River flow*black sea Category: Geography : Linz, Austria is a leading port on which river*danube Category: Geography : Madrid and Lisbon are both located near this river.*tagus Category: Geography : Name the continent that consists of a single country.*australia Category: Geography : Name the longest river in Asia.*yangtze Category: Geography : On what island is the Blue Grotto*capri Category: Geography : On what peninsula are Spain and Portugal located*the iberia n peninsula Category: Geography : On which river is the Aswan High Dam*nile Category: Geography : The sun sets in the ____*west Category: Geography : What canal connects Lake Ontario and Lake Erie*welland Category: Geography : What city is the Christian Science Monitor based in*boston Category: Geography : What country formed the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar*tanzania Category: Geography : What English city does the Prime Meridian pass through*greenwich Category: Geography : What is the capital of Andorra*andorra la vella Category: Geography : What is the capital of Angola*luanda Category: Geography : What is the capital of Australia*canberra Category: Geography : What is the capital of Bhutan*thimphu Category: Geography : What is the capital of Colorado*denver Category: Geography : What is the capital of Equatorial Guinea*malabo Category: Geography : What is the capital of Finland*helsinki Category: Geography : What is the capital of Iraq*baghdad Category: Geography : What is the capital of Ireland*dublin Category: Geography : What is the capital of Kuwait*kuwait city Category: Geography : What is the capital of Monaco*monaco Category: Geography : What is the capital of Niger*niamey Category: Geography : What is the capital of Papua New Guinea*port moresby Category: Geography : What is the capital of Solomon Islands*honiara Category: Geography : What is the capital of Switzerland*bern Category: Geography : What is the capital of Tanzania*dar es salaam Category: Geography : What is the capital of Tonga*nuku'alofa Category: Geography : What is the capital of Turkmenistan*ashkhabad Category: Geography : What is the capital of Tuvalu*fanafuti Category: Geography : What is the highest mountain in Canada*mt. logan Category: Geography : What is the largest of the countries in Central America*nicaragua Category: Geography : What is the official language of Egypt*arabic Category: Geography : What mountain range separates Europe from Asia*urals Category: Geography : What U.S. state is known as The Land of 10,000 Lakes*minnesota Category: Geography : Where is Beacon Street*boston Category: Geography : Which Central American country extends furthest north*belize Category: Geography : Which city is known as Motown*detroit Category: Geography : Which element makes up 2.83% of the Earth's crust*sodium Category: Geography : Which element makes up 5% of the Earth's crust*iron Category: Geography : Which Irish city is famous for its crystal*waterford Category: Geography : Which is the Earth's fourth largest continent*south america Category: Geography : Which state is the Garden State*new jersey Category: Geography : Which U.S. city is known as the Biggest Little City in the World*reno Category: Geography : Which U.S. state borders a Canadian territory*alaska Category: Geogrpahy : Name the capital city of Utah.*salt lake city Category: Geology : The violet variety of quartz is called ________.*amethyst Category: Happy Days takes place in this city.*milwaukee Category: History : General Sherman burned this city in 1864.*atlanta Category: History : He ruled Rome when Christ was born.*caesar augustus Category: History : In what year of WW II did Russia declare war on Japan*1945 Category: History : In which country did the Boxer Rebellion take place*china Category: History : Israel occupied the Golan Heights. Whose territory was it*syria Category: History : Name the incident in which tea was dumped into the harbour.*boston tea party Category: History : This military attack took place on Dec. 7, 1941.*pearl harbour Category: History : U.S. President, Herbert C. _________.*hoover Category: History : What was the instrument of execution during the "Reign of Terror"*guillotine Category: History : Which military battle took place in 1815*waterloo Category: History : Which president was responsible for the Louisiana Purchase*jefferson Category: History : Who succeeded Churchill when he resigned in 1955*sir anthony eden Category: Hitchhiker Guide: Author of the _Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy_ series.*douglas adams Category: Hitchhiker Guide: If you stick it in your ear,it acts as a translator by feeding on brain energy.*babel fish Category: Hitchhiker Guide: Name of the Paranoid Android.*marvin Category: Holidays: Mithraism's (Sun God worship) big day falls on the same day as this holiday.*christmas Category: Hollywood : Charles Laughton played Quasimodo in this epic film.*hunchback of notre dame Category: Hollywood : Film Title: Fahrenheit ________ (a number).*451 Category: Hollywood : Forrest ____ liked shrimp.*gump Category: Hollywood : He directed the movie E.T.*stephen spielberg Category: Hollywood : In "Gone With the Wind", Scarlett regains her wealth by investing in what type of business*sawmill Category: Hollywood : This was the first cartoon talking picture.*steamboat willie Category: Hollywood : What is the name of the Volkswagen in the film, "The Love Bug"*herbie Category: Hollywood : What was Dorothy's last name in "The Wizard of Oz"*gale Category: Hollywood : What was the first film directed by Robert Redford*ordinary people Category: Hollywood : Which character in "Forrest Gump" loved shrimp*bubba Category: Hollywood : Which planet was the "Planet of the Apes"*earth Category: Hollywood : Who played Brad Pitt's cop partner in the movie "Seven"*morgan freeman Category: In what languages except english did Einstuerzende Neubauten record 'blume' *french and japanese Category: Intl Beers: Prestige Stout:*haiti Category: Junk Food: Puffy white soft pillows of sugar; good raw or roasted over a campfire*marshmallows Category: Junk Food: Soft drink with the slogan: "For a new generation"*pepsi Category: Junk Food: The southern (U.S.) word for these are "goobers"*peanuts Category: Kids in the Hall: A Mark McKinney character says "I'm _ your head!"*crushing Category: Langauge : Many Meanings: Fuel, vapor, flattulence, helium. What is it*gas Category: Languages : What ONE word fits ____stream; ____hill; _____pour.*down Category: Literature : From which Shakespeare play is this line taken: To be or not to*hamlet Category: Literature : This Shakespearean king was the actual king of Scotland for 17 years.*macbeth Category: Lord of the Rings: From whom did Bilbo obtain The Ring*gollum Category: Made In Canada: James Labrie's band previous to Dream Theater:*winter rose Category: Magazines: This magazine used to boast a circulation of 7,777,777.*better homes and gardens Category: Mathematics : The angles inside a square total _______ degrees.*360 Category: Medicine : A bone specialist is a(n) ________.*osteopath Category: Medicine : A loss of memory is known as __________.*amnesia Category: Medicine : Hepatitis affects the __________.*liver Category: Medicine : How many pints of blood does the average human have in his/her body*twelve Category: Medicine : Name the largest artery in the human body.*aorta Category: Misc Games: How much is the luxury tax (in dollars) in Monopoly*75 Category: Misc Games: Word derived from "shah mat", from the arabic for "the king is dead"*checkmate Category: Music : The Who's rock musical stars Elton John. It's called ________.*tommy Category: Mythology : The sea gods had a three-pronged spear called a(n) ________.*trident Category: Mythology : What's heaven to fallen Norse warriors*valhalla Category: Name That Celebrity: Author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings*j.r.r. tolkein Category: Name The Poet: The Branch Will Not Break*james wright Category: Name Their Job: Harold Stassen*mayor Category: National Anthems: ...At your feet, two oceans roar for your noble mission.*panama Category: Nature : A one-humped camel is called a _________.*dromedary Category: Nature : A terrapin is a type of _________.*turtle Category: Nature : An animal is a fish if it has _________.*gill Category: Nature : Dogs bark. What do donkeys do*bray Category: Nature : The fins of which fish are made into a soup*shark Category: Nature : This animal is the symbol of the U.S. Democratic Party.*donkey Category: Nature : This animal's shell is used to make attractive jewelry.*abalone Category: Nature : This ugly creature has patches of red on his rear-end.*mandrill Category: Nature : What does a camel store in its hump*fat Category: Nature : What is a male swine called*boar Category: Nature : What large herbivore sleeps only one hour a night*antelope Category: Nature : What word is used for a male duck*drake Category: NetHack: This tool will instantly get your pets around you.*magic whistle Category: Novelty Songs: Type of car outpacing the Cadillac in "Beep Beep"*nash rambler Category: Original Titles: The Whale by Herman Melville*moby dick Category: Peanuts Comics: The catcher on the gang's baseball team.*schroeder Category: Peanuts Comics: This is what Marci calls Peppermint Patti.*sir Category: People: Director of the FBI who lived from 1895-1972.*j. edgar hoover Category: People: First female cabinet member.*oveta hobby Category: Phonetic Radio Call Signs: DRKSKY*delta romeo kilo sierra kilo yankee Category: Pinball: Rudy the dummy says "It's only pinball!" in this 1991 machine*funhouse Category: Pinball: This mammoth 1979 Atari game featured a pool-ball sized pinball*hercules Category: Potpourri: First state to secede from the Union in 1861*south carolina Category: Potpourri: The worlds first drive-in church was in this state*florida Category: Potpourri: This Greek admiral of Darius I sailed upto the the Indus river in the 5thc*scylax Category: Quite a Year for Plums_*bailey white Category: Quotes: "A cynic is someone who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing.*wilde Category: Quotes: How do I love thee?*elizabeth browning Category: Religion : Followers of the Unification Church are called ________.*moonies Category: Religion : Name the holiest day in the Jewish calendar.*yom kippur Category: Say Cheese: Norwegian origin; caramel flavor; sandwich, snack.*gjetost Category: Say Cheese: Probably French origin; tangy, sharp; appetizer, salad, dessert.*blue Category: Say Cheese: Swiss origin; nutty, sharper than Swiss; cooking, dessert.*gruyere Category: Scents: Charlie and Jontue manufacturer*revlon Category: Sci Fi Authors: Creator of the Meg & Timothy series...*madeleine lengle Category: Sci Fi Authors: Nancy _r_ss*nancy kress Category: Sci Fi Authors: Ursula Le____*ursula leguin Category: Sci Fi: L. Ron Hubbard began writing this series but died before finishing.*mission earth Category: Sci Fi: Publisher who used to write sci-fi short stories, Lester ___ ___.*del rey Category: Sci Fi: The number of Rama spacecraft to reach the solar system*three Category: Science : Ethylene glycol is frequently used in automobiles.. How*anti-freeze Category: Science : The filament of a regular light bulb is usually made of ________.*tungsten Category: Science : The name for the Russian equivalent of Skylab is ________.*salyut Category: Science : The vernal equinox is the beginning of ________.*spring Category: Second City : Rabat-Sale*morocco Category: Sherlock Holmes: 'The five orange pips' saw Holmes oppose this racist organization*ku klux klan Category: Sherlock Holmes: This famous thriller writer was Dr Watson in the '32 film The Sign of Four*ian fleming Category: Sherlock Holmes: To where does Holmes finally retire?*sussex downs Category: Smallish lunchtime pizzas from Pizza Hut are called?*personal pan Category: Snow Crash: Name the book's main character*hiro protagonist Category: Snow Crash: Name the hacker who is infected with Snow Crash, owner of The Black Sun:*da5id Category: Snow Crash: What is the language spoken by taxi drivers?*taxilinga Category: Snow Crash: What is your image or icon called in the metaverse?*avatar Category: Snow Crash: What security company arrests Y.T. at the beginning of the book?*metacops Category: Sport : Baseball: The Toronto _________.*bluejays Category: Sport : Basketball: The Denver _________.*nuggets Category: Sport : Football: The Baltimore ________.*colts Category: Sport : Hockey: The Los Angeles ________.*kings Category: Sport : How many games must you win to win a normal set in tennis*six Category: Sport : How many players are there on a water polo team*seven Category: Sport : In which sport is the term "wishbone" used*football Category: Sport : In which sport is the term, "Hang ten" used*surfing Category: Sport : What do the letters ERA mean in baseball*earned run average Category: Sport : What sport has a hooker in a scrum*rugby Category: Sport : Which is the only position in soccer allowed to handle the ball*goalie Category: Sports : Where were the 1920 Olympics held*antwerp, belgium Category: Sports Actors: Besides Field of Dreams, what other baseball movie starred Kevin Costner*bull durham Category: Stephen King: Maine city which King calls his home*bangor Category: Stephen King: Short story featuring a home-made, magic computer?*word processor of the gods Category: Stephen King: What trail of Harold's does Stu Redmen follow cross country in the Stand*snickers bar wrappers Category: The Bible: The Nebuchadnezzar king was of this nation.*babylon Category: The Bible: This part of King Saul's belongings was displayed in the temple of Dagon*his head Category: The Royal Family: Prince Charles's title.*prince of wales Category: Toys Games: Eva Gabor and Johnny Carson popularized this game by climbing over each other.*twister Category: Toys Games: In this game players take turns placing disks on an 8x8 board.*othello Category: Trivia : Anzac troops come from which 2 countries*australia and new zealand Category: Trivia : At the time of Julius Caesar, who was the ruler of Egypt*cleopatra Category: Trivia : Chemically pure gold contains how many karats*twenty four*24 Category: Trivia : From what is velvet made*silk Category: Trivia : How is Samuel Clemens better known*mark twain Category: Trivia : How is the mathematically related structure of beads strung on parallel wires in a rectangular frame better known*abacus Category: Trivia : How many bits are in a nibble*4 Category: Trivia : How many faces has an icosahedron*twenty*20 Category: Trivia : How many gold medals did Jesse Owens win in the 1936 Berlin Olympics*four*4 Category: Trivia : How many seconds are in a day *86400 Category: Trivia : In "Star Trek", what colour was Mr Spock's blood*green Category: Trivia : In ancient Egypt which animal was considered sacred*cat Category: Trivia : In morse code which letter is symbolized by dot dashA Category: Trivia : In the Gregorian calendar after 10,000 years by how many days will the calendar be wrong by *three Category: Trivia : In the period 978-1016 England was ruled by which "Unready" king*ethelred Category: Trivia : In which US city is the Sears tower*chicago Category: Trivia : In which year was the Rosetta stone written*196 bc Category: Trivia : Jonquil is a shade of which colour*yellow Category: Trivia : Most people wear a watch on their ____ wrist.*left Category: Trivia : Similes: As cute as a(n) ________.*button Category: Trivia : Similes: As graceful as a(n) _________.*swan Category: Trivia : Similes: As pale as a(n) ___________.*ghost Category: Trivia : The book "Wamyouruijoshou" was the first to use what word*kite Category: Trivia : The term Septiquinquennial represents how many years*75 Category: Trivia : The term Sesquincentennial represents how many years*150 Category: Trivia : What are noctilucent, cirrus, and cirrostratus categories of*clouds Category: Trivia : What city was founded in 753 BC*rome Category: Trivia : What did Temujin change his name to*genghis khan Category: Trivia : What does the ancient Greek word "electron" mean*amber Category: Trivia : What is Harry Houdini famous for being*escapologist Category: Trivia : What is the fastest growing species of grass*bamboo Category: Trivia : What is the square root of -1 *i Category: Trivia : What is the state capital of Florida*tallahassee Category: Trivia : What name is given to a settlement which is clustered around a central point*nucleated Category: Trivia : What name is given to the point where a river starts*source Category: Trivia : What religion was founded by Lao-tzu*taoism Category: Trivia : What sport is governed by the rules drafted by the Marquis of Queensbury*boxing Category: Trivia : What was Citizen Kane's first name*charles Category: Trivia : What was the first transatlantic radio message sent *s Category: Trivia : When was the Rosetta stone found*1799 Category: Trivia : Where are the great Walls of Babylon located in the modern day world*iraq Category: Trivia : Which American state is known as the Lone Star State*texas Category: Trivia : Which artificial fiber was invented in 1938*nylon Category: Trivia : Which famous piece of artwork depcits the Battle of Hastings*bayeux tapestry Category: Trivia : Which group of people elect the pope*cardinals Category: Trivia : Which group was formed in 1972 by Don Henley and Glen Fry*the eagles Category: Trivia : Which living bird has the longest wingspan*the albatross Category: Trivia : Which part of a cat's eye reflects light*tapetum Category: Trivia : Which people's republic stands between the Bay of Bengal and the foothills of the Himalayas, bordered by India and Burma*bangladesh Category: Trivia : Which U.S City is the home of the Mowton Record Company*detroit Category: Trivia : Which word is used to mean, malicious enjoyment at the misfortunes of others*schadenfreude Category: Trivia : Who appears on the 10,000 dollar (US) note*salmon chase Category: Trivia : Who does the statue, the Colossus of Rhodes, depict*helios Category: Trivia : Who invented Tetris *alexi pazhitnov Category: Trivia : Who invented the toothbrush*william addis Category: Trivia : Who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel*michelangelo Category: Trivia : Who said 'The greater our knowledge increases, the more our ignorance unfolds'*john f. kennedy Category: Trivia : Who was Ancient Egyptian fertility god*min Category: Trivia : Who was the first man to reach the North Pole*robert edwin peary Category: Trivia : Who was the first woman to fly the Atlantic alone*amelia earhart Category: Trivia : Who wrote the Belgariad *leigh and david eddings Category: Trivia : Words containing 'ten': A choice cut of meat.*tenderloin Category: UK 50s: The 1951 Festival of Britain was centred on which city?*london Category: Vampires: Muppet vampire enjoyed doing this.*counting Chekhov Quotations: "Doctors can bury their mistakes, Architects can only advise their clients to plant vines."*Frank Lloyd Wright Chemical compounds or mixtures that undergo rapid burning or decomposition with the generation of large amounts of gas and heat and the consequent production of sudden pressure effects.*Explosives Cheyenne, Navahoe and Arapaho are all what*native american tribes Chief monetary unit of germany*deutschmark Chub, gudgeon and perch are all types of what*freshwater fish Closely related to pascal, niklaus wirth also played a part in what computer language's creation*modula Clothes designer Alexander McQueen works for which fashion house*givenchy Cocktails: whiskey, angostura bitters, and sugar make an*old fashion Common name for a large sea turtle, named for the color of its fat, although the animal is brownish overall*green turtle common name for a large sea turtle, named for the color of its fat, although the animal is brownish overall?*green turtle Common ore of iron, and one of the most commonly occurring minerals in nature*Goethite Company what is the abbreviation for lake minnetonka*lake tonka Complete this saying 'All ship shape and'*bristol fashion Condition in a circuit in which the combined impedances of the capacity and induction to alternating currents cancel each other out or reinforce each other?*Resonance Confuscious Say: He who ------ in church, sits in own pew.*farts Confuscious Say: Man who run behind car get ----------.*exhausted Confuscious Say: Nail on board is not good as -------- on bench.*screw Conifer with dark foliage*cypress Conventionally middle class materialist*bourgeois Coolidge what heisman trophy winner returned his first nfl kickoff for a touchdown*tim brown Countries of the world:northern part of central American Isthmus, major cities include Quezaltenango & Escuintla*guatemala Countries of the world:western Asia, the capital is Tehran*iran Countries of the world:western coast of South American, major cities include Arequipa & Trujillo*peru Creation of programs, databases etc.for computer applications*authoring Credit card on which magnetically encoded information is stored to be read by an electronic device*swipe card Creek what position has been held by 266 men, 33 of whom have died violently*pope Crusher Which word is derived from "user of hashish"*assassin Dakar is the capital of ______*senegal Days of the week - whats the only day named for a planet*saturday Death of body tissue usually caused by bad circulation*gangrene Decorations what shadow team driver was killed testing, prior to the 1974 south african grand prix*peter revson Delage guy delage claimed to be the first person to swim across which ocean*atlantic ocean Denver is the capital of ______*colorado Did you know that if ________________ had not been shot, & not convicted for killing JFK, he would have been convicted for killing Officer Tippet*lee harvey oswald Dirk, poniard, and stiletto are all types of what*daggers Disease of animals, especially birds, monkeys, & humans, caused by infection by protozoans of the genus plasmodium & characterized by chills & intermittent fever*malaria Disney: "Hair Facts" from the Broadway version of "Beauty and The Beast": Four characters' wigs are made of -------------: Mrs. Potts, Lumiere, Madame de la Grande Bouche, and the Sugar Bowl from "Be Our Guest."*yak hair Disney: "Hair Facts" from the Broadway version of "Beauty and The Beast": The 30-inch length human hair needed to build Belle's wig was specially imported from ------------------*india Disney: "Hair Facts" from the Broadway version of "Beauty and The Beast": The Beast's tail is made up of seven yards of -----------------*human hair Do arteries carry blood towards or away from the heart*away Does a cat groom itself more in cold weather or in warm weather*warm Does Barry Manilow know you raid his wardrobe?*Breakfast Club Does elizabeth ii face to the left or right on a british coin *right Doraphobia is the fear of _________*fur Driving: what country is identified by the letter b*belgium During supersonic flight, what temperature does the skin on the nose of a concorde reach*two hundred and sixty degrees fahrenheit During which conflict did the battles of Alma and Inkermann take place*the crimean war During World War II, which London theatre boasted, "We never closed"*the windmill Dutch-born Swiss scientist, who discovered basic principles of fluid behavior*daniel bernoulli Earth's outer layer of surface soil or crust is called the _____________.*lithosphere Edgar allan poe introduced mystery fiction's first fictional detective, auguste c. dupin, in what 1841 story*the murders in the rue morgue Edgar Allan Poe introduced mystery fictions first fictional detective, Auguste C. Dupin, in what 1841 story*the murders in the rue morgue Effect that occurs when two or more waves overlap or intersect*interference Eglantine Jebb founded which charitable organisation*save the children fund Either of the contibuters to the 4-note Hindol "Taril ha juj Girlja Shankur"*marathe El cid was the name of what college's mascot goat*annapolis naval academy Electrical circuit made by depositing conductive material on the surface of an insulating base*printed circuit board Eve of All Saints Day*halloween Every human first spent about half an hour as a single what*cell Excessive discharge of blood from blood vessels, caused by pathological condition of the vessels or by traumatic rupture of one or more vessels*haemmorage Excluding man, what is the longest lived land mammal*elephant Famous Last Words: Let it down -------.*slowly Famous Last Words: You wouldn't hit a guy with -------- on, would you.*glasses Fandible, lateral line, & dorsal fin are parts of a(n) ________*fish Fear of dryness is called*xerophobia Fife the only member of the band zz top without a beard has what last name*beard Fill in: blind as a ___*bat Film: who played "sister agnes" in agnes of god*meg tilly Film: who played an indian in tell them willie boy is here*katharine ross Fired unglazed pottery*bisque Fishy short story also known as Creation Took Eight Days*goldfish bowl Floating wreckage at sea*flotsam Fluid produced in the lacrimal glands above the outside corner of each eye*tears Football the chicago ______*bears Football the new orleans ______*saints Football the San Diego ______*chargers Football the seattle ________*seahawks For how long is the note sustained at the end of the beatles' song 'a day in the life'*forty seconds For how much did peter minuit buy manhattan island*24 dollars For the development of a vaccine against which disease is Jonas Edward Salk best remembered*poliomyelitis (polio) For what did the knights of the round table search*the holy grail For what genre of book is isaac asimov famous*science fiction For what is the Italian town of Carrara world famous*marble For which ad campaign was the line 'i can't believe i ate the whole thing' used*alka seltzer For which decoration do the letters C.G.M. stand*conspicuous gallantry medal Form of visible electric discharge between rain clouds or between a rain cloud and the earth (Electricity)?*lightning Former baseball star chuck connors hits a bull's-eye with adult-western*rifleman Founded in 1896, what was IBM formerly called*tabulating machine company Four European countries keep Greenwich Mean Time. The UK and Ireland are two, name either of the others*iceland*Portugal Fox what is the capital of idaho*boise Francophobia is a fear of ______*anything french From what material is the ring made in Sumo Wrestling*clay From what words is dublin derived*dubh linn From which American state do the Bighorn Mountains arch northwest into southern Montana*wyoming From which Marx Brothers film comes the line 'Either he's dead, or my watch has stopped*a day at the races From which plant family do vanilla pods come*orchid*orchidaceae From which Shakespeare play does the line 'All the world's a stage' come*as you like it Generals Gowon, Abasanjo and Abacha have all been leaders of which African State*nigeria Generation X Toys: Once scarce, pudgy dolls that came with their own birth certificates*cabbage patch kids Genus of annual and perennial herbs (Buttercup) containing about 20 species, grown for their showy flowers.*Adonis Geography: ----------- is smaller than the state of Montana (116,304 square miles and 147,138 square miles, respectively).*italy Geography: --------------- got its start as a major tourist destination during the early days of World War II. German U-boats threats off the eastern United States compelled the wealthy to find new places to vacation. At one time one had to be a millionaire to enjoy ----------, but that hasn't been the case for years.*acapulco Geography: Coral reefs, sometimes called the "rain forests of the sea," cover more than 6,500 square miles in the -------------, the Gulf of Mexico, off Florida, and the Pacific. They are home to an estimated 550 species of fish, and are major tourist attractions.*caribbean Geography: For centuries, Spain's ----------------- has been and still is one of the world's largest.*fishing fleet Geography: In ----------------, the Presidential highway links the towns of Gore and Clinton.*new zealand Geography: One prominent feature of the Greek climate is its ample sunshine. The sun shines in Greece about 3,000 hours per year. Greece's heavily indented shores give the country extraordinary beauty, quite unique in the --------------. The length of the Greek coastline is estimated at 15,000 kilometers.Mediterranean Geography: Ruby Falls, America's highest underground waterfall open to the public, is located on historic Lookout Mountain in Chattanooga, ---------------*tennessee Geography: The -------- river has frozen over at least twice, in 829 and 1010 A.D.*nile Geography: The ------------- got its name from the occasionally extensive blooms of algae that, upon dying, turn the sea's normally intense blue-green waters to red.*red sea Geography: The --------------- comprises an area as large as Europe. Its total land mass is some 3,565,565 square miles.*sahara desert Geography: The city of Los Angeles is more than one-third the size of the entire state of --------------*rhode island Geography: The Federated States of -----------, located at the Eastern Caroline Islands in the northwest Pacific Ocean, has more than 600 islands and 40 volcanos.*micronesia Geography: The highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis in western ----------, is just 4,406 feet high. In many other countries, a "mountain" of this size would be considered something less than a large hill.*scotland Geography: The longest main street in America, 33 miles in length, can be found in Island Park, ----------*idaho Geography: Twenty-three states in the U.S. border an ------------*ocean Geography: Under a treaty dating back to 1918, if the Grimaldis of --------- should ever be without a male heir, --------- would cease to exist as a sovereign state and would become a self-governing French protectorate.*monaco Geography: Yuma, ------------ has the most sun of any locale in the U.S. - it averages sunny skies 332 days a year.*arizona George Stephenson was born in what year*1781 Guiyaquil is the largest city in which country*ecuador Haggard as what is merle haggard also known as*okie from muskogee Half years who made her show business debut at the age of 2 1/2 as part of her family's vaudeville act on the 'new grand theater stage'*judy garland Harrison What do the San Joaquin kit fox, Hawaiian hawk and Ocelot have in common*endangered species Haven What was the name of Flash Gordon's girlfriend*dale arden he said 'i have nothing to offer but blood, tears, toil and sweat'?*winston churchill Heavier-than-air craft that derives its lift not from fixed wings like those of conventional airplanes, but from a power-driven rotor or rotors, revolving on a vertical axis above the fuselage?*helicopter Hippophobia is a fear of ______*horses Hockey the vancouver _______*canucks Hoffman who wrote about a british agent named george smiley*john le carr Hours how many times do your ribs move every year during breathing*five million Household items such as television sets and audio equipment are know as*brown goods How did Mark Chapman shock the world*shot john lennon how did Rose Nilin's husband Charlie die on The Golden Girls?*He died of a heart Attack while making love to Rose. How did the crew of Red Dwarf get brought back to life?*By Nanobots how does the mermaid buy the gift for tom hanks in "splash"?*her necklace How far does the cruise liner 'queen elizabeth ii' move for each gallon of diesel it burns*six inches How is abba calling for help*sos How long does it take a fully loaded supertanker to stop from travelling at normal speed*twenty minutes How long was Jonah in the whale's stomach*3 days How many blades are there on a kayak paddle*two*2 How many bonus points in Scrabble if all seven tiles played at once*fifty*50 How many cards are there in each suit of a standard deck*thirteen*13 How many children did adam and eve have*three How many children did president william henry harrison have*ten How many cigars did Sir Winston Churchill ration himself to a day *fifteen*15 How many consecutive years was the ed sullivan show on tv*twenty three*23 How many days were the american hostages held in Iran*four hundred & forty four*444 How many feet are there in one fathom*six How many folds does a monopoly board have*one How many letters are used for roman numerals*seven How many member states are there in the United Arab Emirates*seven*7 How many miles are there in a league*three*3 How many people did andrew cunanan kill before killing gianni versace*four How many players are there in a men's lacrosse team*ten How many sheets of paper are there in a ream*five hundred*500 How many sides does a dodecagon have*twelve How many stitches are on a regulation baseball*one hundred and eight How many teeth does a walrus have*eighteen How many VCs were awarded in the Falklands War*two How many years elapsed between the creation of the Republic of Vietnam and Saigon falling to the communists*thirty How old are oak trees before they produce acorns*fifty How old was leann rhimes when she became a country music star*fourteen Hudson how many points are awarded to the winning driver of a formula 1 grand prix race*ten Hukusai and Hiroshige were famous Japanese what*artists Hydrophobophobia is the fear of*rabies I1948 Olivia ---------- -John (in Cambridge, England), singer, born. *newton If a chemical is 'anhydrous' what does it not contain*water If a dish is served A la Chantilly, what would be its main ingredient*whipped cream If you "peg out" what game are you playing?*cribbage If you were born on 01 October what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*libra If you were born on 02 September what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*virgo If you were born on 04 December what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*sagittarius If you were born on 04 July what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*cancer If you were born on 05 August what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*leo If you were born on 05 June what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*gemini If you were born on 07 April what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*aries If you were born on 07 May what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*taurus If you were born on 08 December what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*sagittarius If you were born on 09 April what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*aries If you were born on 10 October what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*libra If you were born on 12 September what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*virgo If you were born on 13 October what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*libra If you were born on 14 May what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*taurus If you were born on 14 November what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*scorpio If you were born on 15 January what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*capricorn If you were born on 17 July what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*cancer If you were born on 18 August what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*leo If you were born on 18 October what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*libra If you were born on 21 November what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*scorpio If you were born on 22 February what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*pisces If you were born on 23 June what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*cancer If you were born on 24 August what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*virgo If you were born on 24 February what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*pisces If you were born on 24 March what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*aries If you were born on 25 October what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*scorpio If you were born on 26 December what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*capricorn If you were born on 26 March what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*aries If you were born on 26 November what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*sagittarius If you were born on 26 October what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*scorpio If you were born on 27 May what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*gemini If you were born on 28 February what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*pisces If you were born on 28 June what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*cancer If you were born on 29 April what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*taurus If you were born on 30 June what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*cancer If you were born on 31 May what star sign (Zodiac) would you be*gemini Ilex is the botanical name of which shrub*holly Implant*breast implants In "peanuts", what is the surname of lucy and linus*van pelt In '64, whom did J Edgar Hoover call America's "most notorious liar"*martin luther king jr In 'dawson's creek', who does michelle williams play*jennifer lindley In 'star wars', who was darth vader's face*sebastian shaw In 'startrek', who did william shatner play*captain james t kirk In 'the wizard of oz', what was dorothy's dog's name*toto In -322 BC Aristotle dies of ---------- *indigestion In 1000 Leif ---------- discovers "Vinland" (possibly America). *ericson In 1066 Battle of Hastings, in which William the ---------- wins England. *conqueror In 1066 William the ---------- crowned William I of England *conqueror In 1087 William I The Conqueror, King of England and Duke of---------- , dies. *normandy In 1189 England's King ---------- (the Lion-Hearted) crowned in Westminster. *richard i In 1271 ---------- king of Bohemia and Poland (1278-1305), born. *wenceslas ii In 1290 Bilbo ---------- (in Shire Reconning), born. *baggins In 1292 Saidi, great ---------- poet (Orchard, Rose Garden) dies. *persian In 1364 Battle of Auray, ---------- forces defeat French at Brittany. *english In 1513 ---------- Nuez de Balboa is the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. *vasco In 1520 King Henry VIII of England orders bowling lanes to be built at---------- , in London. *whitehall In 1520 Martin ---------- publicly burned papal edict demanding that he recant. *luther In 1540 Society of Jesus (Jesuits) founded by Ignatius---------- . *loyola In 1541---------- , Chile founded.*santiago in 1543, who published a theory that planets revolve around the sun?*copernicus In 1583 ---------- Alighieri Day. *dante In 1620 The Mayflower sets sail from ---------- with 102 Pilgrims. *plymouth In 1632 Sir ---------- Wren, England, astronomer/great architect, born. *christopher In 1666 Great London ---------- begins in Pudding Lane. 80% of London is destroyed. *fire In 1672 (Italy) Giovanni Cassini discovers Rhea, a satellite of---------- . *saturn In 1686 1st volume of ---------- Newton's "Principia" published.*isaac In 1708 ---------- von Haller, the father of experimental physiology *albrecht In 1709 Elizabeth, empress of ---------- (to Peter the Great and Catherine I),born *russia In 1713 Ferdinand VI, king of ---------- (1746-59), born. *spain In 1725 ---------- -Joseph Cugnot, designed and built first automobile, born. *nicolas In 1727 Severe earthquake in---------- . *new england In 1731 Henry---------- , English physicist, chemist born*cavendis In 1732 George---------- , father figure for U.S., President (1789-1796), born.*washington In 1741 Vitus Bering, Dutch ---------- and explorer, died. *navigator In 1752 Nicolas---------- , inventor of food canning, bouillon tablet, born. *appert In 1758 Horatio Nelson Burnham Thorpe, Britain, naval hero at---------- , born. *trafalgar In 1774 John Chapman, alias Johnny---------- , born. *appleseed In 1776 Continental Congress renames "---------- ", "United States". *united colonies In 1782 ---------- Paganini, Genoa, Italy, composer/violin virtuoso (Princess Lucca), born. *niccolo In 1783 Washington ----------, writer (Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy Hollow), born. *irving In 1784 Empress of ---------- sets sail on first New York to China route.*china In 1795 Third partition of Poland, between Austria, ---------- and Russia. *prussia In 1798 ---------- 1st emperor of Brazil (1822-31), king of Portugal, born. *pedro i In 1812 Fire of---------- . *moscow In 1812 Waltz introduced into English---------- . Most observers consider it disgusting & immoral. No wonder it caught on! *ballrooms In 1813 German Kingdom of ---------- abolished. *westphalia In 1815 World's first commercial ---------- factory is established in Switzerland.*cheese In 1817 First American school for the ---------- (Hartford, Connecticut)*deaf In 1820 Susan B.---------- , Woman's suffaregette, born. *anthony In 1821---------- , El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua gain independence. *costa rica In 1823 Charles ---------- of Scotland begins selling raincoats (Macs). *macintosh In 1824 ---------- defies Pele (Hawaiian volcano goddess) and lives. *kapiolani In 1824 Kapiolani defies ---------- (Hawaiian volcano goddess) and lives. *pele In 1825 Hannah Lord ---------- of New York grabs her scissors and creates the first detachable collar on one of her husband's shirts, in order to reduce her laundry load.*montague In 1830 Eadweard ---------- , pioneered study of motion in photography, born.*muybridge In 1833 Ernesto ---------- Moneta, Italian journalist (Nobel Peace Prize 1907) BORN*teodoro In 1833 Ernesto Teodoro---------- , Italian journalist (Nobel Peace Prize 1907) BORN*moneta In 1836 Darwin returns to England aboard the HMS---------- . *beagle In 1844 Henry ---------- Heinz, founded a prepared-foods company, born. *john In 1848 ---------- (U.S.) and Lassell (England) independently discover Hyperion. *bond In 1848 Mexico sells U.S. Texas, ---------- , New Mexico and Arizona.*california In 1849 ---------- Pavlov, Russia, physiologist/pioneer in psychology, born. *ivan In 1849 Edgar Allen Poe dies in Baltimore at---------- . *forty*40 In 1849 Ivan---------- , Russia, physiologist/pioneer in psychology, born. *pavlov In 1852 2nd French empire established; Louis ---------- becomes emperor. *napoleon In 1853 First round-the-world trip by yacht (Cornelius---------- ). *vanderbilt In 1854 Frederick---------- , Arms manufacturer, born*krupp In 1857 Konstantin---------- , pioneer in rocket and space research, born. *tsiolkovsky In 1858 First electric ---------- is installed in Boston, Mass.*burglar alarm In 1861 C.S.A. President Jefferson ---------- is inaugurated at Montgomery, AL.*davis In 1863 International Committee of the ---------- is founded (Nobel 1917, 1944, 1963). *red cross In 1865 Charles Proteus ---------- , electronics pioneer, born.*steinmetz In 1865 President Abraham ---------- shot in Ford's Theatre by J.W. Booth.*lincoln In 1866 H(erbert) G(eorge) Wells---------- , England (War of the Worlds), born. *bromley In 1869 Black Friday -- Wall Street panics after Gould and ---------- attempt to corner gold. *fisk In 1869 First postcards are issued in---------- . *vienna In 1870 ---------- is founded in New York City.*ywca In 1870 Napoleon ---------- captured at Sedan. *iii In 1872 Darius---------- , composer born*milhaud In 1872 Emily ---------- authority on social behavior, writer (Etiquette), born. *post In 1873 Ejnar Hertzsprung, ---------- astronomer (Hertzsprung-Russell diagram), born. *danish In 1874 Gertrude---------- , writer, born.*stein In 1875 Violent bread riots at---------- . *montreal In 1878 First telephone exchange in ---------- opens with 18 phones.*san francisco In 1879 The first "mobile home" (horse drawn) is used for a journey between London and ---------- . *cyprus In 1879 Thomas Edison commercially perfects the---------- . *light bulb In 188 ---------- Roman emperor (211-17), born. *caracalla In 1881 William Edward Boeing, founded ---------- company *aircraft In 1882 James---------- , writer, born.*joyce In 1883 Kahlil ---------- , philosopher, born.*gibran In 1887 Sino-Portuguese treaty recognizes Portugal's control of---------- . *macao In 1888 George Eastman patents first rollfilm camera and registers---------- . *kodak In 1890 ---------- Island (NYC) opens as a US immigration depot. *ellis In 1890 Edwin---------- , radio pioneer (invented FM) ,born*armstrong In 1892 Donald Wills ---------- , founded an aircraft company*douglas In 1892, who raised the marriageable age for girls to 12 years old*italy In 1894 Japan defeats China in Battle of---------- . *ping yang In 1898 ---------- -American War begins. *spanish In 1898 Enzo---------- , car designer and manufacturer, born.*ferrari In 1898 Spanish-American War ends -- U.S. acquires Guam, Puerto Rico, the Phillipines, and ---------- from Spain. *cuba In 1899 The first auto repair shop opens in---------- , MA.*boston In 1900 British annex ---------- (South Africa). *natal In 1901 Enrico---------- , Italy, nuclear physicist, born. *fermi In 1901 First ---------- Peace Prizes (to Jean Henri Dunant, Frederic Passy). *nobel In 1901 Pres William ---------- assassinated by Leon Czologosz in Buffalo, New York. *mckinley In 1904 ---------- Horowitz, pianist born*vladimir In 1904 Federation Internationale de Football Association (---------- ), Soccer's World governing body forms. *fifa In 1904 Sir John ---------- , actor, singer, born.*gielgud In 1905 Felix---------- , U.S. physicist (Nobel 1952), born. *bloch In 1906 James A ---------- circus showman (Barnum & Bailey), dies at 58*bailey In 1906 Karl ---------- demonstrates the first 'permanent wave' for hair, in London. *nessler In 1907 (USA) For the 1st time a ball drops at ---------- Square to signal the new year. *times In 1908 ---------- unites with Greece. *crete In 1908 Buddy---------- , actor (Beverly Hillbillies, Barnaby Jones), born. *ebsen In 1909 Alberto Romero "Cubby" ---------- film producer, born. *broccoli In 1909 Comte de Lambert of France sets airplane altitude record of ---------- m. *three hundred*300 In 1909 Victor Borge, pianist, ---------- , born.*comedian In 1910 Fritz---------- , writer, born. *leiber In 1911 (US) Gugliemo ---------- sends the first wireless message across the Atlantic. *marconi In 1911 ---------- Burchett, Australian Communist, journalist, writer, born. *wilfred In 1912 Chuck Jones animator (---------- , Daffy Duck), born. *bugs bunny In 1912 RMS ---------- sets sail for its first and last voyage.*titanic In 1912 Yuan ---------- elected the first President of the Republic of China. *shik-k'ai In 1913 ---------- and Atlantic mix as engineers blow Gamboa Dam, opening the Panama Canal. *pacific In 1913 Oleg ---------- Paris France, fashion designer for Jackie Kennedy, born.*cassini In 1914 Cardinal ---------- della Chiesa becomes Pope Benedict XV. *giacome In 1914 Gypsy Rose ---------- (in Seattle, WA), stripper, born. *lee In 1914 St Petersburg, Russia changes name to---------- . *petrograd In 1915 ---------- Miller, playwright (Death of a Salesman, The Crucible), born. *arthur In 1915 Lorne---------- , actor (Bonanza, Battlestar Galactica), born.*greene In 1916 First professional ---------- tournament held.*golf In 1917 ---------- the Cat, cartoon character, born. *felix In 1917 Lenin returns to Russia to start ---------- Revolution.*bolshevik In 1917 Mata Hari executed by firing squad outside of---------- . *paris In 1918 ---------- President Sidonio Paes is assassinated. *portugese In 1919 ---------- Hayworth (in New York), actor, alzheimer victim, born. *rita In 1919 Art---------- , jazz drummer (Jazz Messengers), born. *blakey In 1919 Volstead Act passed by U.S. Congress, starting---------- . *prohibition In 1920 ---------- Warden, actor (Verdict, Brian's Song), born. *jack In 1920 Jack---------- , actor (Verdict, Brian's Song), born. *warden In 1920 Japan receives League of Nations mandate over ---------- islands. *pacific In 1920 Mickey---------- , actor (too many credits to mention), born. *rooney In 1921 ---------- Poston, comedian, actor (Newhart), born. *tom In 1921 Robert---------- , archbishop of Canterbury born*runcie In 1922 Ava---------- , actress, born. *gardner In 1922 Yvonne---------- , Vancouver BC, actress (Lily Munster in the Munsters), born. *de carlo In 1924 ---------- Bacall (in Staten Island, NY), actor, whistler (Dark Passage, Key Largo, Always), born. *lauren In 1924 ---------- Kollontai of Russia becomes 1st woman ambassador. *alexandra In 1924 Albania becomes a---------- . *republic In 1926 ---------- Tunney defeats Jack Dempsey for world heavyweight boxing title. *gene In 1926 Chuck Berry, St Louis, USA, rocker (---------- ), born. *roll over beethoven In 1926 Miles ---------- trumpeter; pioneered cool jazz (Porgy & Bess), born.*davis In 1926 Roger Moore, actor, (---------- , numerous James Bond movies), born. *the saint In 1927 ---------- Grass, German novelist, poet (The Tin Drum) born*gunter In 1927 Al---------- , singer, born. *martino In 1927 Harvey---------- , actor, born. *korman In 1928 ---------- Mouse makes his screen debut in "Steamboat Willie." *mickey In 1928 Chiang ---------- becomes president of China. *kai-shek In 1928 George Peppard, actor (---------- , Blue Max, A-Team) born *breakfast at tiffany's In 1928 Katharine Hepburn makes her New York stage debut in "---------- ." *night hostess In 1928 Mae West makes her New York City debut in a daring new play, " ---------- ".*diamond lil In 1928 Spanky McFarland, actor, little rascal born In 1930 A cow is flown (and milked in flight) for first time. Her milk was sealed in paper containers and dropped by ---------- over St. Louis, MO. I knew you'd want to know ...*parachute In 1930 Edward ---------- England, actor (Breaker Morant, Equalizer), born.*woodward In 1930 Harold---------- , playwright, born. *pinter In 1930 Synthetic ---------- first produced.*rubber In 1931 ---------- Bancroft AKA Mrs Mel Brooks, Bronx, actress (Graduate), born. *anne In 1931 Al ---------- convicted of tax evasion, sentenced to 11 years in prison. *capone In 1932 ---------- vaccine for humans announced.*yellow fever In 1933 ---------- (in Tokyo, Japan), singer, wife of John Lennon, born.*yoko ono In 1933 Yevgeny V ---------- USSR, cosmonaut (Soyuz 5), born. *khrunov In 1934 1st ---------- rpm recording released (Beethoven's 5th). *33 1/3 In 1934 First " ---------- " (laundromat) is opened, in Fort Worth, Texas. *washateria In 1934 Shirley ---------- appears in her 1st movie, "Stand Up & Cheer" *temple In 1935 ---------- and Harriet Nelson married. *ozzie In 1935 George ---------- 's "Porgy and Bess" opened in New York City. *gershwin In 1935 George Gershwin's "---------- " opened in New York City. *porgy and bess In 1935 Luciano Pavarotti Moderna Italy, operatic ---------- (Oh Giorgio), born. *tenor In 1936 ---------- Holly singer (Peggy Sue, That'll Be the Day), born. *buddy In 1936 ---------- Oerter, US discus thrower, born. *al In 1936 Buddy ---------- singer (Peggy Sue, That'll Be the Day), born. *holly In 1936 Pumping begins to build---------- , San Francisco.*treasure island In 1938 ---------- Koenig Chicago Ill, actor (Chekov-Star Trek), born. *walter In 1938 ---------- Zeppelin II, world's largest airship, makes maiden flight. *graf In 1938 Christopher Lloyd, actor (Taxi, ---------- , Back to the Future, Addams Family), born. *star trek iii In 1938 Christopher Lloyd, actor (Taxi, Star Trek III, Back to the Future,---------- ), born. *addams family In 1939 ---------- Airport opened in New York City. *laguardia In 1939 ---------- go on sale in the U.S. for the first time. *nylon stockings In 1939 ---------- Tabei Japan, 1st woman to climb Mount Everest, born. *junko In 1939 Britain declares war on Germany. France follows 6 hours later quickly joined by Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and---------- . *canada In 1939 Franklin D. Rooseveldt declares "limited national emergency" due to war in---------- . *europe In 1939 Jim Bakker, ---------- , con-man, born.*televangelist In 1939 Soviet-German treaty agree on 4th partition of ---------- (WW II) and gives Lithuania to the USSR. *poland In 1940 (England) F. Scott---------- , author, died. *fitzgerald In 1940 ---------- Avalon, singer (Four Seasons), born. *frankie In 1940 ---------- Pele, soccer player extraordinaire, born. *edison In 1941 Jaqueline Bisset (in England), actor (---------- ), born. *deep In 1942 ---------- Funichello (in Utica, NY), mouseketeer, actor, born. *annette In 1942 1st controlled ---------- chain reaction (University of Chicago). *nuclear In 1942 Japanese occupied*manila In 1942 Michael---------- , author (Andromeda Strain, Jurrasic Park, Rising Sun), born. *crichton In 1942 Paul---------- , singer (Kodachrome, Graceland), born. *simon In 1943 ---------- North, arms dealer, born. *oliver In 1943 Canadian Army troops arrive in*north africa In 1943 FDR appoints Gen Eisenhower supreme commander of ---------- forces. *allied In 1944 Patty---------- , singer born*labelle In 1945 ---------- National Day. *hungarian In 1945 ---------- Peron becomes dictator of Argentina. *juan In 1945 Benito ---------- Fascist leader & mistress captured, tried, & shot.*mussolini In 1945 Japanese forces in the ---------- surrender to Allies. *philippines In 1945 Juan ---------- becomes dictator of Argentina. *peron In 1945 Nazi concentration camp at ---------- liberated by US 80th Division.*buchenwald In 1945 Nazi Himmler committed suicide while in prison at---------- , Germany. *luneburg In 1945 President ---------- announced atomic bomb secret shared with Britain and Canada. *truman In 1946 ---------- J. Jeans, astrophysicist, dies on his 69th birthday. *james In 1946 Hayley ---------- (in London, England), actor, born. *mills In 1946 James J.---------- , astrophysicist, dies on his 69th birthday. *jeans In 1946 Oliver Stone NYC, director (---------- , Good Morning Vietnam, Platoon), born. *wall st In 1946 Richard---------- , musician (Carpenters), born. *carpenter In 1946 Ten Nazi leaders hanged as war criminals after ---------- trials. *nuremberg In 1947 ---------- Smith, actress (Charlie's Angel, Nightkill), born. *jaclyn In 1947 Dan---------- , U.S. Vice-president (1989-1992), alleged twit, born.*quayle In 1947 First instant develop ---------- demonstrated in NY City by E. H. Land.*camera In 1947 Ted---------- , SD Calif, actor (Sam Malone-Cheers, 3 Men & a Baby), born *danson In 1948 ---------- is established.*world health organization In 1948 ---------- Kidder (in Yellowknife), actor (Superman), born. *margot In 1948 ---------- National Day.*burmese In 1948 Phil ---------- comedian (SNL, Newsradio, Simpsons (Voice of Troy McLure)), born. *hartman In 1949 George Wendt, actor (---------- ), born. *cheers In 1949 West begins ---------- Airlift to get supplies around Soviet blockade.*berlin In 1950 David ---------- , Shirley Jones' kid on TV and real life, born.*cassidy In 1950 Morgan ---------- (in Dallas, TX), actress, born.*fairchild In 1951 ---------- Cougar Mellencamp, singer, born. *john In 1951 ---------- Keaton, actor (Pacific Heights, Batman, Multiplicity), born. *michael In 1951 Jay ---------- patents computer core memory.*forrester In 1951 John ---------- Mellencamp, singer, born. *cougar In 1951 Pam Dawber Detroit, actress (Mindy----------- ), born. *mork and mindy In 1951 Sir ---------- Geldof pop musician (Boomtown Rats, Band Aid), born. *bob In 1952 ---------- Connors, tennis player born*jimmy In 1952 ---------- Stewart, rocker (Eurythmics-Here Comes the Rain Again), born. *dave In 1954 Dennis ---------- , actor, born.*quaid In 1954 Elvis Presley records his debut single, " ---------- " *that's all right In 1955 ---------- Dean, actor, died in a car crash (born Feb 08, 1931) *james In 1955 President Jose Antonio Remon of ---------- assassinated.*panama In 1956 Carrie ---------- (in Beverly Hills), actor (Star Wars, Blues Brothers), born. *fisher In 1956 Elvis ---------- appears on national TV for 1st time (Ed Sullivan). *presley In 1956 James---------- . actor, born.*ingram In 1957 ---------- Fahey rocker (Bananarama), born. *siobhan In 1957 ---------- king of Norway, dies, Olaf succeeds him. *haakon vii In 1957 Ford Motor Co. introduced the---------- ! (Oh boy !) *edsel In 1957 Seve ---------- , golfer, born.*ballesteros In 1957 Siobhan Fahey rocker (---------- ), born. *bananarama In 1958 Central African Rep made autonomous member of ---------- Commonwealth (Nat'l Day). *french In 1959 Guggenheim Museum, designed by Frank Lloyd---------- , opens in New York. *wright In 1959 Princess Sarah 'Fergie'---------- , the Duchess of York, born. *ferguson In 1960 ---------- (REM Lead Singer), born.*michael stipe In 1960 Elvis Presley appears on a Frank ---------- TV special.*sinatra In 1960 Mali (without---------- ) gains independence from France (National Day). *senegal In 1961 UK grants ---------- independence.*sierra leone In 1962 E. E. Cummings poet, dies at---------- . *sixty seven*67 In 1962 TV comedy "---------- " premiered on CBS. *the beverly hillbillies In 1963 "Beatlemania" is coined after the Beatles appear at the---------- . *palladium In 1963 ---------- 1st tour (opening act for Bo Diddley and Everly Bros). *rolling stones In 1963 Treaty banning atmospheric nuclear tests signed by US, ---------- , USSR. *uk In 1964 ---------- and Brezhnev replace Soviet premier Nikita Krushchev. *kosygin In 1964 Launch of Voskhod 1, 1st 3 man crew (---------- , Feokistov, Yegorov). *komarov In 1964 Shooting begins on "The Cage" the pilot for Star---------- . *trek In 1964, who recorded "baby love"*supremes In 1965 "---------- " premiers. *get smart In 1965 ---------- National Day*gambian In 1965 Bangladesh windstorm kills ---------- *17,000 In 1965 Beatles release "---------- ." *yesterday In 1965 Charlie Sheen, actor (---------- , Platoon), born. *wall st In 1966 "---------- " premiers on NBC TV. *star trek In 1966 Bechuanaland gains independence from England, becomes---------- . *botswana In 1966 Botswana gains independence from ---------- (National Day). *Britain In 1966 Emperor Haile ---------- (Ethiopia) visits Kingston Jamaica. *selassie In 1966 Lesotho (Basutoland) gains independence from ---------- (National Day). *britain In 1966, which woman became the first Briton to fly solo around the world*sheila scott In 1967 ---------- makes fly-by of Venus. *mariner 5 In 1967 1st successful test flight of a---------- . *saturn v In 1967 BBC bans Beatle's "---------- " (drug references).*a day in the life In 1967 Che Guevara executed in---------- . *bolivia In 1967 Gibraltar votes 12,138 to ---------- to remain British. *44 In 1968 ---------- "Hey Jude", single goes #1 and stays #1 for 9 weeks *beatles' In 1968 ---------- Lake actress (Hairspray, Ricki Lake Show), born. *ricki In 1968 Borman, ---------- and Anders first men to orbit moon. *lovell In 1968 Swaziland gains independence from ---------- (National Day). *britain In 1968, who released 'carnival of life' and 'recital'*lee michaels In 1969 Beatles release "---------- " album. *abbey road In 1969 Dr. Denton ---------- implants first temporary artificial heart. *cooley In 1969 Levi Eshkol dies, ---------- becomes premier of Israel. *golda meir In 1969 Libyan revolution, Col ---------- Gadhafi deposes King Idris. *moammar In 1970 ---------- Republic (Cambodia) declares independence. *khmer In 1970 Anwar Sadat elected president of Egypt, succeeding Gamal ---------- Nasser. *abdel In 1970 Beatles' " ---------- ," single goes #1 & stays #1 for 2 weeks*let it be In 1970 George Harrison releases "---------- " single. *my sweet lord In 1970 Janis ---------- dies at age 27. *joplin In 1972 11 ---------- athletes are slain at Munich Olympics. *israeli In 1972 Alyassa---------- , actor (Who's the Boss) ,born*milano In 1972 Harlow ---------- discoverer of the Sun's position in the galaxy, dies. *shapley In 1972 John Young & Charles ---------- explores Moon (Apollo 16). *duke In 1973 2 Skylab 3 astronauts walk in space for a record ---------- hours *7 In 1973 Billy Jean King beats Bobby ---------- in battle-of-sexes tennis match. *riggs In 1973 Elvis and ---------- Presley divorce after 6 years. *priscilla In 1973 The ---------- - Israel's missile boat - is unveiled.*reshef In 1974 ---------- TV host (Ed Sullivan Show), dies at 73. *ed sullivan In 1974 French president Georges ---------- died in Paris. *pompidou In 1974 Soyuz ---------- is launched. *fourteen*14 In 1975 Israel formally signs Sinai accord with---------- . *egypt In 1976 John Hathaway completes a bicycle tour of every continent in the world and cycling ---------- miles. *50,600 In 1977 Cheryl ---------- replaces Farrah Fawcett on "Charlie's Angels". *ladd In 1977 US recalls William---------- , ambassador to South Africa. *bowdler In 1978 ---------- Ali beats WBA heavyweight champion Leon Spinks. *muhammad In 1979 ---------- Chung-hee South Korean President is assassinated. *park In 1979 Mother Teresa of ---------- was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. *india In 1980 ---------- people die when a pair of earthquakes struck NW Algeria. *4,500 In 1980 BSD ---------- released*unix 3 In 1980 USA beats ---------- and wins the Olympic Gold Medal (4-2).*finland In 1980, who recorded "Another One Bites the Dust"*queen In 1981 "Late Night with David ---------- " premiers.*letterman In 1982 ---------- leaves Lebanon. *palestinian liberation organization In 1982 ---------- Portugal, a Spanish priest with a bayonet is stopped prior to his attempt to attack Pope John Paul II. *fatima In 1982 1st permanent artificial ---------- successfully implanted (U of Utah) in retired dentist Barney Clark; lived 112 days with the Jarvic-7 heart. *heart In 1982 Mt ---------- Observatory first to detect Halley's comet on 13th return. *palomar In 1982 Soyuz T-5 returns to---------- , 211 days after take-off. *earth In 1983 St Christopher----------- gains independence from Britain (Nat'l Day). *nevis In 1984 Christopher ---------- , FBI's 'most wanted man' accidentally killed self.*wilder In 1984, who sang 'girls just want to have fun'*cyndi lauper In 1985 Walt Disney World's ---------- -millonth guest. *two hundred*200 In 1986 Andrei Tarkovski, Russian ---------- (Stalker), dies at 54 *director In 1986 Record 23,000 start in a marathon (---------- ). *mexico city In 1986 USSR frees dissident Andrei ---------- from internal exile. *sakharov In 1986 USSR releases US journalist ---------- Daniloff confined on spy charges. *nicholas In 1986, what was the maximum fuel capacity imposed in formula 1 racing*one In 1987 ---------- Greene actor (Bonanza, Battlestar Galactica), dies at 72. *lorne In 1988 "Naked Gun" premieres, a movie based on TV's "---------- Squad". *police In 1988 Lillehammer, ---------- upsets Anchorage to host 1994 Winter olympics. *norway In 1988 US-Soviet effort free 2 grey whales from frozen---------- . *arctic In 1989 ---------- Chapman, member of the Monty Python team, dies from cancer. *graham In 1989 East Germans begin their flight to the west (via Hungary and---------- ). *czech In 1989 San Francisco is hit by an earthquake (Richter 6.9) at 5:05 p.m. Over 1/2 mile of the upper deck of the Nimitz freeway collapses crushing hundreds of cars. When it was over, 62 people had died and billion in damage had occured In 1990 ---------- threatens to hit Israel with a new missile. *saddam In 1990 Iraqi Pres Saddam ---------- urges Arabs to rise against the West. *hussein In 1990 Lithauania, Estonia and ---------- hold their 1st joint session. *latvia In 1990 Rocky ---------- boxer, dies at 71, of heart failure.*graziano In 1991 ---------- Montand actor (Lets Make Love, Z), dies at 70. *yves In 1991 Miles ---------- jazz musician, dies at 65 from pneumonia. *davis In 1991 UN Security Council issues formal cease fire with ---------- declaration*iraq In 1995 Barings Bank disaster. Nick ---------- loses billions of Pounds Sterling in offshore investments, ruining Barings Bank. *leeson In 1995 OJ Simpson acquitted for double murder of his Ex-wife ---------- and Ronald Goldman. *nicole brown simpson In 2161---------- : 8 of 9 planets aligned on same side of sun.*syzygy In 254 St ---------- begins his reign as Catholic Pope.*stephen i In 295 8th recorded ---------- passage of Halley's Comet *perihelion In 31 BC Battle of Actium; ---------- defeats Mark Antony and becomes Emperor Augustus. *octavian In 43BC The Roman politician, ---------- , is slain. *cicero In 490 B.C. Athenians defeat second Persian invasion of Greece at---------- . *marathon In 526 Earthquake kills ---------- in Antioch, Syria.*250,000 In 680 ---------- ibn 'Ali, Shi'i religious leader, enters martyrdom. *husain In 70 BC ---------- (Publius Vergilius Maro) (Mantua, Italy), poet (Aeneid), born. *virgil In 742---------- , emperor (Holy Roman Empire), born. *charlemagne In 760 14th recorded ---------- passage of Halley's Comet.*perihelion In 879 Charles III [The Simple], king of ---------- (893-923), born. *france In an average lifetime, the average american eats 84,775 _____*crackers In an average lifetime, the average american wears 7,500 ___*diapers In cookery, what does the term "Julienne" mean*in strips In cooking where does 'angelica' come from*plant root In Ferris Buellers Day Off, who is Cameron going to marry?*The first girl he lays In football, where are the hashmarks*five-yard lines In greek mythology whose dogs tore actaeon apart*artemis In greek mythology, mnemosyne is the mother of the ______*muses In greek mythology, what was attributed to athena*owl In Greek mythology, who defeated Athene in a weaving contest*arachne In greek mythology, who did jocasta marry*oedipus In greek mythology, who was condemned to bearing the world on his shoulders for trying to storm the heavens*atlas In greek mythology, who was jason's wife*medea In greek mythology, who was medea's husband*jason In Greek mythology, who was the first woman on Earth, created by Hephaestus at the request of Zeus*pandora In Holloween, Michael Meyers wore a Halloween mask of what famous character?*Captain Kirk mask In ice hockey, what name is given to a period of play in which one team has a player temporarily suspended from the game*power play In India what is 'pachisi'*board game In Indonesian cookery what name is given to meat kebabs served with a peanut sauce*satay In italy, as what is mickey mouse known*topolino In Knight Rider,what does K.I.T.T.'s name stand for?*Knight Industries Two Thousand In London when was the first cricket match held at Lords*1814 In Mathematics, who devised a triangle to show the probability of various results occurring when any number of coins are tossed*blaise pascal In military slang which word means to carry heavy equipment on foot over difficult terrain*yomp In norse mythology, who is the chief of the valkyries*brunhilda In order for a deck of cards to be mixed up enough to play with properly, at least how many times should it be shuffled*seven times In physics, process of reduction of matter into a denser form, as in the liquefaction of vapor or steam.*Condensation In relation to its size, which bird has, understandably, the thickest skull*woodpecker In Roseanne what was Roseanne's gay boss/employee?*Leon In roulette, what number is green*zero In Russia, what type of food is a blini or blintze*pancake In Shakespeare's Hamlet, who is the father of Ophelia*polonius In Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, what is the name of the merchant*antonio In the 'james bond' books, to who is miss moneypenny secretary*m In the 1938 film 'Bringing Up Baby', what was Baby*leopard In the 1960s, Alan Reed and Jean Vander Pyle were the voices of which television husband and wife*fred & wilma flintstone In the 1990 film 'The Krays', who played Violet Kray, the mother of the Kray brothers*billie whitelaw In the abbreviation VDU what does the V stand for*visual In the anglo-saxon poem, who killed grendel*beowolf In the Bible, who led 10,000 soldiers into battle against the Midianites*gideon In the Christian calendar, what is the alternative name for the Feast of Pentecost*whitsun In the contract that gave cuba freedom from the us, what was required*permanent us navy base there*permanent naval base In the culinary world, what is passata*sieved tomatoes In the film 'dragonheart', who did the voice of the dragon*sean connery In the film 'jurassic park', in which comical place did someone hide when the t-rex escaped*toilet In the film version of Willy Russell's play, who played Shirley Valentine*pauline collins In the grounds of which house is the largest private tomb/mausoleum in England*castle howard In the law of torts, oral defamation or use of the spoken word to injure another's reputation, as distinguished from libel or written defamation.*Slander In the monty python parody 'search for the holy grail', what did patsy say when they reached camelot*it's only a model In the monty python parody 'search for the holy grail', what was used to kill the rabbit*holy hand grenade of antioch In the movie "Mall Rats", What famous author was signing comic books*Stan In the movie "Mall Rats", What famous author was signing comic books?*Stan Lee In the old gag, where is prince albert*in a can In the parable of the Good Samaritan, to which city was the Samaritan travelling*jericho In the TV series 'Absolutely Fabulous, who played the part of 'Bubbles'*jane horrocks In the tv series 'the adventures of hercules', what is hercules' companion's name*iolos In the tv series 'the brady bunch', what was cindy's toy doll's name*kitty In the USA what are the TV equivalent of the Oscars*emmys In the USA, what is an estate agent known as*realtor In Welsh place names Llan- is a common feature, what does it mean*church In what Australian state would you find Hobart*tasmania In what Australian state would you find Horsham*victoria In what Australian state would you find Inverell*new south wales*nsw In what Australian state would you find Shellharbour*new south wales*nsw In what book does 'Schahriah' appear*thousand & one nights In what business are 'angle irons' and 'rolex'*dentistry In what city was the final of the 1991 Canada Cup played*hamilton In what country is K2 the world's second-highest mountain*pakistan In what form are the signals that a normal TV aerial receives*analogue In what is food surrounded with dry, hot, circulated air*convection oven In what kind of restaurant might you be offered 'kulfi' as a dessert*indian In what month is Bastille Day*july In what profession is a 'ruderal*gardening In what shaped ring does sumo wrestling take place*circular In what sort of landscape would you find an erg*desert In what sport do teams compete for the Swaythling Cup*men's table tennis In what sport would you use spikes and blocks*athletics In what state is silicon valley*california In what year did Alaska become the 49th state of America*1959 In what year did Franco come to power*1937 In what year did Jean-Caude Killy win the Olympic grand slam*1968 In what year did Joseph Stalin die*1953 In what year did Rhodesia declare independence*1965 In what year did Robert the Bruce die*1329 In what year did sychronized swimming first appear in the Olympics*1984 In what year did the author Daniel Defoe die*1731 In what year did The Bayer company begin marketing heroin*1898 In what year did the Cold War begin*1946 In what year was 'Saccharin' discovered*1879 In what year was Fred Astaire born*1899 In what year was Greenpeace founded*1971 In what year was Guy Fawkes arrested*1605 In what year was insulin first used to treat diabetes*1922 In what year was Jane Fonda born*1937 In what year was Micky Mouse created*1928 In what year was NATO formed*1949 In what year was the game Monopoly invented*1929 In what year was the Taj Mahal finished*1658 In what year was Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs first shown*1937 In which city is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian railway*vladivostock In which country are 'fajitas' a traditional dish*mexico In which country do the Ashanti people live in the Province of Ashanti*ghana In which country is the Calabria region*italy In which country is the chief range of Drakensberg Mountains*south africa In which country is the city of Mandalay*burma In which country is the port of Stravangar*norway In which country is the US naval base of Guantanamo*cuba In which country is Tobruk*libya In which country was film star Ray Milland born*wales In which country was Graham Greene's novel 'A Burnt Out Case' set*belgian congo In which country would you find McLaks (grilled salmon sandwich) on the McDonalds menu*Norway In which country would you find the Pripyet Marshes*belarus In which English town or city would you find The Christmas Steps*bristol In which European Palace are the State Apartments called the Hall of Mirrors*versailles In which film is danny devito the voice of 'phil'*hercules In which film starring Humphrey Bogart and set in Martinique, did he play a character called Harry Morgan*to have and have not In which film was Charlie Chaplin first heard to speak*the great dictator In which film, starring James Cagney, with Pat O'Brien as Father Connolly did he play a character called Rocky Sullivan*angels with dirty faces In which French island territory would you find the towns Bastia and Calvi*corsica In which game are there hashmarks on each five-yard line*football In which John le Carre novel does George Smiley first appear*call for the dead In which ocean is mauritius*indian ocean In which opera does leporello entertain a vengeful jilted lover*don In which Puccini opera of 1896 is the Christmas Duet*la boheme In which Shakespeare play would you find Constable Elbow*measure for measure In which sphere of industry or commerce is the name of Arthur Maiden famous*advertising In which sport would you find turkeys and spares*ten pin bowling In which television series do the characters Doctor Carter and Doctor Benton appear*e r In which weight category did John Conteh fight for the world title*light heavyweight In which year did Lester Piggott ride his first Derby winner*1954 In which year this century were there 3 Popes*1978 In which year was aspirin invented*1899 In which year was the Battle of Copenhagen, where Nelson attacked the Danish fleet*1801 In which year was the Battle of Hastings*1066 In which year was the first artificial satellite launched*1957 In which year was the Gulf War*1991 In which year were the Olympic Games held in St. Louis*1904 Inches who at buckingham palace wears bearskins*guards Indian song withimprovised usually topical words*calypso Indiana jones: what creature did indy's father fear*rats Instrument for measuring radio activity*geiger counter Instrument for measuring wind force*anemometer into what bay does the golden gate strait lead?*san francisco bay Into what body of water does the yukon river flow*bering sea Into what ocean does the Zambezi river flow*indian Into which body of water does the river Danube flow*blacksea Iron block on which metals are worked*anvil Islands what is ice cube's real name*o'shea jackson Isms: Public ownership of the basic means of production, distribution, and exchange*socialism Israel Tongue and who else devised the "Popish Plot"*titus oates Jackdaws and magpies belong to which group of birds*crows James hunt was disqualified after winning which grand prix*1976 british Jamestown is the capital and chief port of which Atlantic island*st. helena Jefferson what can be tulip, balloon or flute*wine glasses Jimmy Carter once thought he saw a UFO; what was it*Venus Johnny rivers sang 'secret ______ man'*agent Jr how many tunes blared from the 1948 wurlitzer model 1100 jukebox*twenty four Jr*Lindbergh K-mart. Definately. Definately K-mart.*Rainman Kainolophobia is the fear of*novelty Kathisophobia is the fear of*sitting down Kriss Kristofferson and Barbra Streisand starred in the re-make of which film*a star is born La Sila lies in which region of Italy*calabria Lack of what is the cause of the deficiency disease 'kwashiorkor'*protein Lake Titicaca lies in which two countries*bolivia and peru Laliophobia is the fear of*speaking largest, rarest, and most powerful anthropoid ape?*gorilla Lazy Susans are named after who?*Thomas Edison's daughter Lee Which US state is known as the "Volunteer State"*tennessee Les Paul and Charlie Christian were exponents of which musical instrument*guitar Leukophobia is the fear of*the color white Lewis 1994 - How many copies has the #3 "Eagles Greatest Hits" album sold*fourteen Line of hereditary rulers*dynasty Logophobia is a fear of ______*words Long necked long legged wading bird*heron Louis xvi was guillotined in 1732, 1793 or 1842*1793 Love what does encephalitus affect*brain Lutraphobia is the fear of*otters Lygophobia is the fear of*darkness Lyrics: Always spoke my mind with a gun in my hand*Ride Like the Wind Christopher Cross Lyrics: And it's true we are immune when fact is fiction and TV reality*Sunday Bloody Sunday U2 Lyrics: Before I put another notch in my lipstick case you better make sure you put me in my place!*Hit Me With Your Best Shot Pat Benatar Lyrics: Can make it I know I can. You broke the boy in me but you won't break the man*Man in Motion St. Elmo's Fire John Parr Lyrics: Emotions come I don't why/Cover up love's alibi*Call Me Blondie Lyrics: Ever since you've been leaving me I've been wanting to cry*Much Too Late For Goodbyes Julian Lennon Lyrics: From frustration first inclination is to become a monk and leave the situation*Bust a Move Young MC Lyrics: Good things might come to those who wait but not for those who wait too late*Just the Two of Us Grover Washington Jr. feat. Bill Withers Lyrics: Had a premonition that he shouldn't of gone alone*Smugglers Blues Glenn Frey Lyrics: Have some more chicken have some more pie*Eat It Weird Al Yankovic Lyrics: He wants me but only part of the time*Voices Carry 'Til Tuesday Lyrics: He's licking his lips he's ready to win on the hunt tonight for love at first sting*Rock You Like a Hurricane Scorpions Lyrics: I asked the doctor to take your picture so I could look at you from inside as well*Turning Japanese Vapors Lyrics: I can't help recalling how it felt to kiss and hold you tight*Always Something There To Remind Me Naked Eyes Lyrics: I don't know what you expect staring into the TV set*Burning Down The House Talking Heads Lyrics: I find myself telling you things I don't even tell my best friends*Lost in Emotion Lisa Lisa and the Cult Jam Lyrics: I know a place where we can dance the whole night away underneath electric stars*Rhythm Of The Night DeBarge Lyrics: I know I've been wearin' crazy clothes/And I look pretty crappy sometimes*YouBetter You Bet The Who Lyrics: I know you're not mine anymore-anyway-anytime*I Keep Forgettin' Michael McDonaldI'll kick you out of my home if you don't cut that hair*Fight for Your Right to Party Beastie Boys Lyrics: I know your plans don't include me*We've Got Tonite Kenny Rogers & Sheena Easton Lyrics: I need fifty dollars to make you holler*Wild Thing Tone-Loc Lyrics: I need some company a guardian angel to keep me warm when the cold winds blow*Take Me Home Tonight Eddie Money Lyrics: I took a page out of my rule book for you*Perfect Way Scritti Politti Lyrics: I tried my imagination but I was disturbed*867-5309/Jenny Tommy Tutone Lyrics: I was wrong now I find just one thing makes me forget*Red Red Wine UB40 Lyrics: I'm not the kind of girl who gives up just like that*Tide Is High Blondie Lyrics: No chocolate covered candy hearts to give away*I Just Called To Say I Love You by Stevie Wonder Lyrics: Oh mother dear we're not the fortunate ones*Girls Just Wanna Have Fun Cyndi Lauper Lyrics: Puts a song in this heart of mine/Puts a smile on my face every time*I Love a Rainy Night Eddie Rabbitt Lyrics: She showed me the beach gave me a peach and pulled out the suntan lotion*Going Back To Cali LL Cool J Lyrics: She stepped off the bus out into the city street*Fallen Angel Poison Lyrics: She's so fine she's all mine the girl is all right!*Legs ZZ Top Lyrics: Somewhere between the soul and soft machine/Is where I find myself again*Kyrie Mr. Mister Lyrics: Suckin on chili dogs outside the Tastee-Freez*Jack and Dianne John Cougar Mellencamp Lyrics: The five years we have had have been such good times*Don't You Want Me? Human League Lyrics: The in crowd say it's cool to dig this chanting thing*Rock the Casbah The Clash Lyrics: The moon. Beautiful. The sun. Even more beautiful*Oh Yeah Yello Lyrics: The school bell rings you know it's my cue I'm gonna meet the boys on floor number two*Smokin' in the Boys' Room by Mötley Crüe Lyrics: There's a freeway runnin' through the yard*Free Fallin' Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers Lyrics: We could dance and party all night and drink some cherry wine*We Don't Have To Take Our Clothes Off Jeramine Stewart Lyrics: We're even skanking to Bob Marley/ Reggae's expanding with Sly and Robbie*Genius of Love Tom Tom Club Lyrics: Well I like takin' off don't like burnin' out every time you turn it on makes me wanna shout*Cool the Engines Boston Lyrics: Well it's all right riding around in the breeze*End Of The Line The Traveling Wilburys Lyrics: When I'm lost at sea I hear your voice and it carries me*Heaven is a Place On Earth Belinda Carlisle Lyrics: Where am I to go now that I've gone too far?*Twilight Zone Golden Earring Lyrics: Where ye goin'? What you lookin' for?*Sister Christian Night Ranger Lyrics: Who needs a heart when a heart can be broken?*What's Love Got To Do With It? Tina Turner Lyrics: Will you meet him on the main line or will you catch him on the rebound?*Gloria Laura Branigan Lyrics: With every breath I'm deeper into you*Crazy For You Madonna Lyrics: Won't you pack your bags we'll leave tonight*Two Tickets To Paradise Eddie Money Lyrics: You can say anything you like but you can't touch the merchandise*She's a Beauty The Tubes Mace is the outer covering of which common spice*nutmeg Mares' tails are examples of which type of cloud*cirrus Marie Osmond has only had one UK hit single as a solo artist name it*paper roses Marinated limbs of fowl*chicken wings Mark David Chapman was famous for what in 1980?*Shooting John Lennon Marley Who still receives an estimated 25 pieces of junk mail per year at Walden Pond*Thoreau Mass murder especially among a particular race or nation*genocide MDMA is another name for which illegal drug*ectasy Mechanophobia is the fear of*machines Megalophobia is the fear of*large things Member of a fraternity for mutual help with secret rituals*freemason Mexico city is the capital of ______*mexico Michael Jackson sing this song in 1987*smooth criminal mickey mouse has some nephews what were there names?*mortie and ferdie Microbiophobia is the fear of*microbes Milk, cheese and meat are good sources of which nutrient needed for a healthy diet*protein Mixed diced vegetables in mayonnaise is what sort of salad*russian Monte Corno, at 9554 feet, is the highest point in which Italian mountain range*apennines Most salad dressings derive the majority of their calories from____*fat Mount Athos is famous for its many monasteries of which religion*greek orthodox Movies /TV:Who starred in the film "The Ten Commandments"*charlton heston Movies: Who played andy thompson in The Headmaster*Andy Griffith Music artists: who did "i'd love to change the world" in 1971*ten years Music: What band did James Brown tour and record with in the 1950's?*The Famous Flames Music: What brother and sister duo produced a show in their family studio*donny and marie osmond Music: what composer and organist was married twice and had 20 children*johann sebastian bach*bach Music: What song by Frankie Avalon went to #1 in 1959?*Venus Music: what song of shania twain's was on the notting hill soundtrack*you've Music: what was Steve Miller's magical incantation in 1982*abracadabra Music: what were frankie and johnny to each other in the old song*lovers Music: What year did Chet Atkins release his first solo album*1953 music: who is the late kurt coabain's widow?*courtney love Music: Who re-recorded 'Secret Agent Man' in 1979?*Devo Music: who recorded "i want you to want me" on epic records in 1979*cheap Music: Who recorded 'Be True to your School' in 1963*The Beach Boys Music: Who recorded 'Cuts Like a Knife' in 1983?*Bryan Adams Music: who recorded the 1966 hit song "barbara ann"*beach boys Music: Who recorded the 1969 hit song "Let's Work Together"*wilbert harrison Music: Who replaced 'Bernie Leadon' of 'The Eagles' in 1975?*Joe Walsh Music: Who sang "Everybody wants to Rule the World?"*Tears for fears Mycophobia is the fear of*mushrooms Mycrophobia is the fear of*small things Myxophobia is the fear of*slime n boy meets world,what is the crazy older brother's name?*Eric Name captain smollett's ship in treasure island*hispaniola Name either of the two giant stars in the constellation of Orion*rigel*betelgeuse Name given to that part of North America first seen in or about 986 by Bjarni Herjlfsson, who was driven there by a storm during a voyage from Iceland to Greenland?*vinland Name one of the countries to join the Commonwealth in 1995.cameroon*mozambique Name one type of insect belonging to the order Hymenoptera*ant*bee*sawfly*wasp*hornet*ichneumon Name that car maker*alfa romeo Name that car maker*kia Name that car maker*mitsubishi Name that car maker*nissan Name that car: *aston martin Name that car: *dodge Name that car: *isuzu Name that car: *jaguar Name that car: *mitsubishi Name that car: *saab Name that car: *toyota Name the carnivorous mammal related to the hyena*aardwolf Name the character played by John Cleese in "A Fish called Wanda"*archie leach Name the computer which beat World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov in 1997*deep blue Name the director of the film 'American Beauty'*sam mendes Name the female British climber while killed trying to climb K2 in 1995*alison hargreaves Name the little elephant in books by Jean de Brunhoff*babar Name the only actress with 4 Best Drama Actress awards*Tyne Daly Name the original comic strip Bill The Cat appeared in.*Bloom County Name the port at the mouth of the River Seine*le havre Name the primeval supercontinent which split into Gondwanaland and Laurasia between 250 and 300 million years ago*pangaea Name the singer who won the 1998 Eurovision Song Contest with the song Diva*dana international Name the stretch of water which lies between New Brunswick, Maine and Nova Scotia*bay of fundy Name the swimmer who became a Hollywood star in the 1940's and 50s in films such as Bathing beauty and Neptune's Daughter*esther williams Name the two movies that Michael Crichton made (before Jurrasic Park )about a theme park out of control.*"West World" and "Future World" Name the u.s. state with the smallest population*alaska Name The Year: (France) Joan of Arc, Domremy, martyr, born.*1412 Name The Year: (USA) Theodore Roosevelt dies at his home in Oyster Bay, NY, at 60.*1919 Name The Year: 18th Space Shuttle Mission (Discovery 5) returns to Earth.*1985 Name The Year: 1st all-talking motion picture shown, in NY.*1928 Name The Year: 1st Dutch settlers arrive (from NJ), to colonize Manhattan Island. *1610 Name The Year: 1st English Parliament called into session by Earl of Leicester.*1265 Name The Year: 1st jet fighter used in combat (Messerschmitt 262).*1944 Name The Year: 1st outbreak of "Legionnaire's Disease" kills 29 in Philadelphia, USA.*1976 Name The Year: 25,000 die in Iranian Earthquake.*1990 Name The Year: 2nd Balkan War ends, Treaty of Bucharest, Bulgaria loses.*1913 Name The Year: 3 cosmonauts die as Soyuz XI depressurizes during reentry.*1971 Name The Year: Alfred Hitchcock knighted -- Good Evening.*1980 Name The Year: Allies refuse Japan's surrender offer to retain Emperor Hirohito.*1945 Name The Year: Anthony Quinn, Mexico, actor (Zorba the Greek, Lawrence of Arabia), born.*1915 Name The Year: Apollo 11 returns to Earth.*1969 Name The Year: Argentina seized the disputed Falkland (Malvinas) Islands from Britain.*1982 Name The Year: Armistice signed ending Korean War.*1953 Name The Year: Asaph Hall discovers Mars's moon Deimos.*1877 Name The Year: At approx. 1:00 am Baghdad local time, allied forces attacked, beginning Gulf War.*1991 Name The Year: At Waynesborough, Gen. Early's army is defeated.*1865 Name The Year: Attempting to rid area of Palestine guerrillas Israel invades Lebanon.*1978 Name The Year: B.C. Assyrians record total solar eclipse event on clay tablet.*763 Name The Year: Bao Dai's Republic of Vietnam gains independence from France.*1949 Name The Year: Barnum and Bailey's Greatest Show on Earth opens in Madison Square Garden in New York City.*1881 Name The Year: Basil Rathbone Johannesburg S Africa, actor (Sherlock Holmes), born. *1892 Name The Year: Battle of Dupplin Moor (in Scotland).*1332 Name The Year: Battle of Midway begins. First naval battle won in the air.*1942 Name The Year: Battle of San Jacinto, in which Texas wins independence from Mexico.*1836 Name The Year: Beatle Paul McCartney married Linda Eastman in London.*1969 Name The Year: Beatles meet Rolling Stones for 1st time.*1963 Name The Year: Beatles replace Pete Best with Ringo Starr.*1962 Name The Year: Beatles sign a petition in The Times to legalize marijuana.*1967 Name The Year: Bhadwan Shree Rajneesh, indian guru, dies at 58.*1990 Name The Year: Bill Haley Mich, (andthe Comets-Rock Around the Clock), born.*1925 Name The Year: Billy Crystal, comedian, born.*1947 Name The Year: Blake Edwards, writer/director (Breakfast at Tiffany's), born.*1922 Name The Year: Brian Jones founder of the Rolling Stones, drowns.*1969 Name The Year: British naval forces raid Nazi occupied French port of St. Nazaire.*1942 Name The Year: British under Adm Horatio Nelson beat French at Battle of Nile.*1798 Name The Year: Burundi and Rwanda gain independence from Belgium (National Days).*1962 Name The Year: Captain Cook runs aground on Australian Great Barrier Reef.*1770 Name The Year: Carl Lewis runs 100m in 9.86 seconds.*1991 Name The Year: Carlos Santana Mexico, musician (Santana-Black Magic Woman), born.*1947 Name The Year: Carol Channing, actress (Gentlemen Prefer Blondes), born.*1921 Name The Year: Cary Grant actor (Arsenic & Old Lace, North by Northwest), born.*1904 Name The Year: Charles Lindbergh, died at his home in Hawaii at the age of 72.*1974 Name The Year: Charles VII, Holy Roman emperor (1742-45), born.*1697 Name The Year: Charlotte, grand duchess of Luxembourg (1919-64), born.*1896 Name The Year: China leases Hong Kong's new territories to Britain for 99 years. *1898 Name The Year: Chinese republic proclaimed in Tibet*1912 Name The Year: Chris Young Penn, actor (Bryce Lynch-Max Headroom, Great Outdoors), born.*1971 Name The Year: Christopher Isherwood, novelist, playwright (I Am a Camera) *1904 Name The Year: Christopher Wilder, FBI's 'most wanted man' accidentally killed self.*1984 Name The Year: Cindy Williams (in Van Nuys, CA), actor (Laverne and Shirley), born.*1948 Name The Year: Clement Clarke Moore, American author ('Twas the Night Before Xmas)*1779 Name The Year: Clint Eastwood elected mayor of Carmel, California. It made his day.*1986 Name The Year: Communist coup is crushed in USSR in 2 days.*1991 Name The Year: Congress creates the Territory of Nevada.*1861 Name The Year: Constantius II, Roman emperor (337-61), born.*317 Name The Year: Construction of Cologne Cathedral is begun.*1248 Name The Year: Copernicus makes his 1st observations of Saturn.*1514 Name The Year: Curtis Mayfield, musician, born.*1942 Name The Year: Dan Aykroyd, Ottawa Canada, comedian/actor (SNL, Dragnet), born.*1952 Name The Year: David Bowie releases "Fame".*1975 Name The Year: David Hasselhoff, actor, born.*1952 Name The Year: Dean Martin, singer, actor*1917 Name The Year: Diana Ross (in Detroit, Michigan), singer (The Supremes), born.*1944 Name The Year: Dick Sargent Carmel Calif, actor (Darrin-Bewitched), born*1933 Name The Year: Dodge Morgan sailed solo nonstop around the world in 150 days*1986 Name The Year: Donald Sutherland, actor (M-A-S-H), born.*1934 Name The Year: Donald Trump master builder (Trump Towers/Plaza/Castle), born. *1946 Name The Year: Donus ends his reign as Catholic Pope*678 Name The Year: Douglas MacArthur US general (Pacific theater-WW II), dies at 84*1964 Name The Year: Dr. Albert Sabin, polio vaccine discoverer*1906 Name The Year: Echo I, first passive satellite launched.*1960 Name The Year: Edgar Allan Poe, Boston, author (Pit & the Pendulum), born.*1809 Name The Year: Edouard Manet, French painter, born.*1832 Name The Year: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor II, queen of England (1952- ), born.*1926 Name The Year: Elvis Presley records his debut single, "That's All Right"*1954 Name The Year: Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary, peasant leader*1879 Name The Year: Emma Lazarus, whose poem was inscribed on the Statue of Liberty, born.*1849 Name The Year: English defeat French at Battle of Blenheim.*1704 Name The Year: Eric Clapton, guitarist, singer, born.*1945 Name The Year: Ernest Hausen of Wisconsin sets chicken-plucking record-4.4 sec..*1939 Name The Year: Esther Williams (in Inglewood, CA), actor, swimmer*1923 Name The Year: Esther Williams, swimmer, actor, born.*1923 Name The Year: European community proposes a boycott of Iraq.*1990 Name The Year: European Space Agency launches Giotto Sattelite to Halley's Comet.*1985 Name The Year: Everlasting League forms, basis of Swiss Confederation (Nat'l Day)*1291 Name The Year: F.B.I. begins it's "10 most wanted list".*1950 Name The Year: Federal Bureau of Investigation established.*1908 Name The Year: Federico Fellini Italian director (Satyricon, La Dolce Vita), born.*1920 Name The Year: Ferdinand Magellan world traveler, killed by Filipino natives.*1521 Name The Year: Fidel Castro leads attack on Moncada Barracks, begins Cuban Revolution.*1953 Name The Year: Fifteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 3 returns to Earth.*1985 Name The Year: First all-color television station to televise live local programs.*1986 Name The Year: First American expeditionary force to land in Africa (WW II).*1942 Name The Year: First Boeing B-29 arrives in China "over the Hump".*1944 Name The Year: First Cable Car is patented by Andrew S. Hallidie.*1871 Name The Year: First drinking straw is patented by M.C. Stone in Washington, D.C.*1888 Name The Year: First electric razor marketed by Schick, Inc.*1931 Name The Year: First Israeli election.*1949 Name The Year: First jazz record in United States is cut.*1917 Name The Year: First known auto race.*1895 Name The Year: First man-powered flight (Bryan Allen in Gossamer Condor).*1977 Name The Year: First pineapples planted in Hawaii.*1813 Name The Year: First successful helicopter flight, Stratford, Ct.*1940 Name The Year: First telegraph company in Hawaii opens.*1901 Name The Year: First televised tennis match.*1928 Name The Year: First transatlantic jet passenger trip.*1950 Name The Year: Flight 255 out of Metro Airport in Detroit crashes just miniutes after take off, killing all but one small child.*1987 Name The Year: France declares war on Austria, Prussia & Sardinia*1792 Name The Year: Frances Drake completres circumnavigation of the world*1581 Name The Year: French-Egyptian forces under Napolean I beat Turks at Battle of Abukir.*1799 Name The Year: Gemini 5 returned after 12 days, 7 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds*1965 Name The Year: Gen. Douglas MacArthur left Bataan for Australia.*1942 Name The Year: Gene Hackman, actor (Target, Uncommon Valor), born.*1930 Name The Year: George Cormack, the inventor of "Wheaties" cereal*1870 Name The Year: George III of England, king, born.*1738 Name The Year: George Michael (in England), singer, born. *1963 Name The Year: George Washington creates the Order of the Purple Heart.*1782 Name The Year: Germany declares war on Russia in WW I.*1914 Name The Year: Germany declares war on Soviet Union during WW II.*1941 Name The Year: Gherman S. Titov, second Russian in space aboard Vostok 2.*1961 Name The Year: Gottlieb Daimler, automobile pioneer, born.*1834 Name The Year: Gough Whitlam (ALP) Australia, PM (1972-75), born.*1916 Name The Year: Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco (civil ceremony).*1956 Name The Year: Ground breaking for Disneyland, the Magic Kingdom, in Anaheim, CA.*1954 Name The Year: Helen Keller, blind-deaf author-lecturer*1880 Name The Year: Henry VII king of England (1485-1509), born.*1457 Name The Year: Hernando De Soto claims the US state of Florida for Spain.*1539 Name The Year: Hitler breaks Treaty of Versailles by sending troops to Rhineland.*1936 Name The Year: Homing pigeon completes 11,000 km trip (Namibia-London) in 55 days.*1845 Name The Year: Honor Blackman (in London, England), actor (The Avengers), born.*1929 Name The Year: Hope Emerson, actress (I Married Joan, Peter Gunn), dies at 62.*1960 Name The Year: Hunter S. Thompson, gonzo journalist*1949 Name The Year: Imelda Marcos former 1st lady (Philipines)/shoe collector, born.*1930 Name The Year: In accordance with Camp David, Israel completes Sinai withdrawl.*1982 Name The Year: International Women's Day*1945 Name The Year: Israel destroys alleged Iraqi plutonium production facility.*1981 Name The Year: Israel, Syria, Jordan, Iraq & Egypt end "6-Day War" with UN help. *1967 Name The Year: Italy beats Czechoslovakia 2-1 (OT) in soccer's 2nd World Cup at Rome. *1934 Name The Year: Jacobite Scottish Highlanders defeat royal force at Killiecrankie.*1689 Name The Year: James Cagney died at his farm in Stanfordville, NY, at age 86.*1986 Name The Year: James Hetfield heavy metal rocker (Metallica), born.*1963 Name The Year: Japanese forces on Okinawa surrender to US during WW II.*1945 Name The Year: Jean Rey, of Belgium, president of European Commission (1967-70)*1902 Name The Year: Jesse James shot dead in St. Joseph Mo. by Robert Ford.*1882 Name The Year: Jim Belushi, Chicago Ill, comedian (Sat Night Live, Trading Places), born.*1954 Name The Year: Joe Frazier, boxer, born.*1944 Name The Year: John Astin, actor (Gomez in TV Addams Family), born.*1930 Name The Year: John Constable (in England), painter, born.*1776 Name The Year: John D. Rockefeller, financier, born.*1839 Name The Year: John Dean begins testifying before the Senate Watergate Committee. *1973 Name The Year: John L. Sullivan wins by KO in 75 rounds in last bareknuckle bout.*1889 Name The Year: John Landis actor (American Werewolf in London), born.*1950 Name The Year: John Presper Eckert, co-inventor of first electronic computer (ENIAC), born.*1919 Name The Year: Judy Garland, singer/actress, dies at 48 of an alcohol overdose.*1969 Name The Year: King Camp Gillette, inventor of the safety razor, born.*1855 Name The Year: Kiribati (Gilbert and Ellice Is.) gains independence from Britain.*1979 Name The Year: Landslide in Huancavelica Province Peru creates a natural dam.*1974 Name The Year: Led Zepplin's Debut Album released.*1969 Name The Year: Lenin returns to Russia to start Bolshevik Revolution.*1917 Name The Year: Leonard Bernstein conductor/composer/pianist/egotist, born.*1918 Name The Year: Leonard Nimoy, actor, director, born.*1931 Name The Year: Les Paul, Waukesha Wisconsin, U.S.A., guitarist/inventor (Les Paul guitar), born. *1915 Name The Year: Lithuanian SSR is accepted into the USSR.*1940 Name The Year: Little Richard gets a star on Hollywood's walk of fame.*1990 Name The Year: Louis XIV crowned King of France.*1654 Name The Year: Louis XVI, king of France (1774-92); guillotined, born.*1754 Name The Year: Ludwig II mad king of Bavaria (1864-86), born.*1845 Name The Year: Mahatma Gandhi's 1st arrest, campaigning for Indian rights in S Africa.*1914 Name The Year: Mahmud I Ottoman sultan, fought Austrians and Russians, born.*1696 Name The Year: Manuel Quezon, first president of Philippine Commonwealth (1935-42), born*1878 Name The Year: March by civil rights demonstrators was broken up in Selma, Alabama.*1965 Name The Year: Maria Shriver & Arnold Schwarzenegger marry.*1986 Name The Year: Mark Russell, raconteur, born.*1932 Name The Year: Michael Fish British TV weatherman, born.*1944 Name The Year: Michael Landon actor (Bonanza, Highway to Heaven), dies at 54 from cancer.*1991 Name The Year: Miguel Vasquez makes first public quadruple somersault on trapeze.*1982 Name The Year: N.Y. Highlander (Yankees) tickets first go on sale.*1903 Name The Year: Natalie Wood [Natasha Gurdin], SF, (Gypsy, Rebel Without a Cause), born.*1938 Name The Year: National Socialist (Nazi) Party formed in Germany.*1919 Name The Year: Nelson Mandella, human rights activist, former political prisoner*1918 Name The Year: New socialist constitution of East Germany takes effect.*1968 Name The Year: Nineteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 8 returns to Earth.*1985 Name The Year: Oliver Hardy Harlem Ga, comedy team member (Laurel & Hardy), born.*1892 Name The Year: Orville Redenbacher, popcorn king*1907 Name The Year: Patrick Swayze Houston Tx, actor/dancer (Dirty Dancing, Ghost), born.*1952 Name The Year: Paul Carrack rocker (Squeeze/Ace-How Long), born.*1951 Name The Year: Percy Bysshe Shelley England, romantic poet (Adonais), born.*1792 Name The Year: Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Russian composer (1812 Overture), born.*1840 Name The Year: Phil Ochs rock producer, dies.*1976 Name The Year: Philippines gains independence from US.*1946 Name The Year: Pink Floyds' "The Wall" is performed where the Berlin Wall once stood.*1990 Name The Year: Pioneer-Venus 2 Multi-probe launched to Venus.*1978 Name The Year: Potsdam Conference (Roostevelt, Stalin, Churchill) holds first meeting.*1945 Name The Year: Pres. Eisenhower signs into law National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Space Act of 1958.*1958 Name The Year: Princess Ingeborg of Sweden, born.*1878 Name The Year: Queen Mother Wilhelmina Netherlands (1890-1948), born.*1880 Name The Year: Ransom Eli Olds, auto (Oldsmobile) and truck (REO) manufacturer, born.*1864 Name The Year: Rev. William Archibald Spooner, invented 'spoonerisms' (ie When you get you bords wackwards and you can't palk troperly.), born.*1844 Name The Year: Richie Sambora guitarist (Bon Jovi-You Give Love a Bad Name), born.*1959 Name The Year: Ringo Starr, Beatles' drummer, born.*1940 Name The Year: Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer, discoverer of South Pole*1872 Name The Year: Rob Lowe, actor, famous for home-made movies, born.*1964 Name The Year: Robert Crumb cartoonist (Father Time), born.*1943 Name The Year: Robert Goddard, rocketry pioneer, died.*1945 Name The Year: Robert Mitchum, actor, born.*1917 Name The Year: Rod Stewart, singer, born.*1945 Name The Year: Ron Kovic disabled vietnam vet (Born on 4th of July was based on his life), born.*1946 Name The Year: Rose Kennedy, Mother of a President, an Attorney General, and a Senator, born.*1890 Name The Year: Royal Air Force established in Britain.*1918 Name The Year: Rutger Hauer, actor (Blade Runner, Ladyhawke, Osterman Weekend), born.*1944 Name The Year: Samuel Goldwyn, pioneer filmmaker*1882 Name The Year: Sean Connery actor (James Bond, Man Who Would Be King), born.*1930 Name The Year: Senegalese National Day begins*1960 Name The Year: Sergei Rachmaninoff (in Novgorod Province, Russia), composer, born.*1873 Name The Year: Seve Ballesteros, golfer, born.*1957 Name The Year: Sierra Leone becomes a republic (Natl Day)*1971 Name The Year: Sir Henry Havelock British soldier (War in Afghanistan 1838-39), born.*1795 Name The Year: Sir Stamford Raffles founded Singapore, born.*1781 Name The Year: Sir Walter Scott, Scottish novelist, poet (Lady of Lake, Ivanhoe), born.*1771 Name The Year: South Africa passes Group Areas Act segregating races.*1950 Name The Year: South Korean President Park Chung-Hee escaped an assassination.*1974 Name The Year: Soviet troops enter Berlin*1945 Name The Year: Soyuz 28 is launched.*1978 Name The Year: Soyuz T-11 is launched.*1984 Name The Year: Soyuz T-9 is launched.*1983 Name The Year: Spain declares war on U.S., rejecting ultimatum to withdraw from Cuba.*1898 Name The Year: Spanish Civil War end as Madrid fell to Francisco Franco.*1939 Name The Year: Speech by Khrushchev blasting Stalin made public.*1956 Name The Year: St Paul I ends his reign as Catholic Pope.*767 Name The Year: St. Frances Xavier Cabrini (Mother Cabrini), first US saint*1850 Name The Year: St. Vladimir's Day.*1918 Name The Year: Steve Tyler, Aerosmith's lead singer, born.*1948 Name The Year: Suez Canal reopens (after 6 Day War caused it to close).*1975 Name The Year: Sultan of Turkey Abdul Hamid II is overthrown.*1909 Name The Year: Suzannah York, actress, born.*1941 Name The Year: Sweden's constitution adopted.*1809 Name The Year: Sylvester Stallone NYC, actor/director (Rocky, Rambo, Cobra), born.*1946 Name The Year: The first patent is granted for a fire escape ... a wicker basket on a pully and a chain, designed by a London watchmaker.*1766 Name The Year: The game "Monopoly" is invented.*1933 Name The Year: The Salvation Army of England sends group to U.S. to begin welfare and religious activity here.*1888 Name The Year: Theophilus Van Kannel of Philadelphia receives a patent for his revolving door -- described as a storm door structure.*1888 Name The Year: Thomas Davenport, invented the first commercially successful electric motor, born.*1802 Name The Year: Tony Curtis [Real Name : Bernard Schwartz], Bronx New York, actor (Some Like it Hot), born.*1925 Name The Year: Total solar eclipse captured on a daguerreotype photograph.*1851 Name The Year: TV game show scandal investigation starts.*1958 Name The Year: U.S. launches Pioneer Venus probe.*1978 Name The Year: U.S. sub locates missing hydrogen bomb in Mediterranean.*1966 Name The Year: U.S. Viking 2 goes into Martian orbit after an 11-month flight from Earth.*1976 Name The Year: UN Charter signed by 50 nations in SF. *1945 Name The Year: US actress Grace Kelly marries Monaco's Prince Rainier III*1956 Name The Year: US and USSR sign Lend-Lease agreement during World War II.*1942 Name The Year: US declares war on Germany (WWI).*1917 Name The Year: US drops second atomic bomb on Japan destroying part of Nagasaki. An estimated 74,000 people died. The original target was Kokura.*1945 Name The Year: USSR launches Mars 6.*1973 Name The Year: Venera 3, Venus landing.*1966 Name The Year: Veronica Lake actress, dies at 58.*1973 Name The Year: Victor Borge, pianist, comedian, born.*1909 Name The Year: Victoria Principal (in Japan), actor (Dallas), born.*1950 Name The Year: Voyager 2 begins a flyby of the planet Neptune.*1989 Name The Year: Voyager 2 discovers 2 partial rings of Neptune.*1989 Name The Year: Walt Disney's "Sleeping Beauty" released.*1959 Name The Year: Walter Baade discovers asteroid Icarus inside orbit of Mercury. *1949 Name The Year: Wembley Stadium opens-Bolton Wanderers vs West Ham United (FA Cup).*1923 Name The Year: William Gilbert Grace, Victorian England's greatest cricketer*1848 Name The Year: Winston Churchill resigns as British PM, Anthony Eden succeeds him*1955 Name The Year: Worst nuclear disaster, Chernobyl USSR, 31 die.*1986 Name The Year: Yugoslavia elects it's 1st president (Marshal Tito).*1953 Named album of the year in 1981, which pop group's debut album was called "Dare"*human league Names what portable object is the teleram t-3000*computer Narcolepsy is the uncontrollable need to ______*sleep Narrow trench made by a plough*furrow National capitals: Costa Rica*san jose Ncaa: in what year was the heisman memorial trophy first awarded*1935 Neptune was the roman god of the ______*sea Ness What are panatelas*cigars New Zealand's Rugby team is know as the __________________.*All Blacks Newkirk c3p0 is the first character to speak in which film*star wars Nosocomephobia is the fear of*hospitals Oaks of dodona what did the white house have before it had an indoor bathroom*telephone Of what continent is cyprus a part*asia Of what country is the monetary unit the rupee*india Of what did robert the bruce, king of scotland, die in 1329*leprosy Of which country is Amharic an official language*ethiopia Of which metal is sperrylite the ore*platinum Of which Spanish province is Seville the capital city*andalucia Of who did the u.s postal service print 500 million stamps in 1993*elvis Officers in which army were given copies of 'les miserables'*confederate Ombrophobia is the fear of*rain Ommetaphobia is the fear of*eyes On a dartboard, what number is on top*twenty On Airwolf, what instrument does Hawke play*cello On FRIENDS what was the name of Ross's monkey?*Marcel On Full House,what was Jesse's REAL first name?*Hermes On Little House on the Prairie,what was Laura's horse's name?*Bunny On M*A*S*H,what was Walter 'Radar' O'Reilley's home town?*Ottumwa,Iowa On maps, what is the 'you are here' arrow*ideo locator On Night Court,Harry had a "statue" of what animal in his office?*Armidillo On the 1976 release, who 'wanted to fly like an eagle'*steve miller band On three's company,what was Chrissy's father's ocupation?*A Reverend On what does the firefly depend to find mates*sight On what scale are there 180 degrees between freezing point & boiling point*fahrenheit scale On what sea is the crimea*black sea On what show did Dano get to book the bad guy?*Hawaii 5-0 On what street in new rochelle did rob and laura petrie live*bonnie meadow On which Caribbean island are the Blue Mountains*jamaica On which continent would you be standing if you were visiting the Republic of Surinam*south america On which day of the week is the Moslem Sabbath*friday On which island are the Troodos mountains*cyprus On which major river are The Owen Falls dam*nile On which object would you find a crown, a waist, a sound-bow and a clapper*bell On which river does Berlin stand*spree On which U. S. river is the Grand Coulee Dam*columbia Onassis driving: what country is identified by the letters ma*morocco One of the worst fires in American history gutted the twenty-six storey MGM Grand Hotel in 1988. In which city was the hotel situated*las vegas organ of the digestive system?*stomach Oriental market*bazaar Original inhabitants of New Zealand, of Polynesian stock*maori Osteoporosis primarily affects*bones Other than the U.K. and Eire, name a European country where cars are driven on the left hand side of the road.*cyprus*malta Pagophobia is the fear of*ice*frost Pants*green jacket grey pants Paralipophobia is the fear of*neglecting duty Parton what is the official birthplace of country music*bristol Pasteur developed a vaccine for rabies in which year*1885 Pathophobia is the fear of*disease Patsy cline is the most noted with pop-country crossovers. which other singer should not be overlooked for her hits 'break it to me gently' and 'fool no. 1'*brenda lee Pavarotti popularized Nessun dorma but what does it mean*none shall sleep Pediophobia is the fear of*dolls Percent what was the final destination of the first u.s. paddle wheel steamboat, what departed from pittsburgh*new orleans Philip Pirrip is the main character in which Charles Dickens novel*great expectations Phineas Barnum opened his circus in what year*1871 Phonophobia is a fear of ______*voices Phthiriophobia is the fear of*lice Plant what city did general sherman burn in 1864*atlanta Poem or song narrating popular story*ballad Point Maley is the coast guard cutter in what Disney movie*boatniks Porphyrophobia is the fear of*the color purple Port Louis is the capital of which island state in the Indian Ocean*mauritius President richard m nixon called what songstress an "ambassador of love"*pearl baily President Roosevelt had a landslide victory in 1932, who did he defeat*herbert hoover Presley elvis presley appeared on how many stamps in 1993*five hundred million Promotion of friendly relations between countries*bridge-building Psychrophobia is the fear of*cold Pussycat sings 'now the country song forever lost its soul, when the guitar player turned to rock n roll ______' what's the song title*mississippi QANTAS, the name of the airline, is an acronym for...*queensland and northern territory aerial services Queen Berengaria never came to England, although she was married to the King. Which King*richard the first Quite a Year for Plums_*bailey white Quotations: "--------- as if everything depended on God, and work as if everything depended upon man."- Cardinal Francis J. Spellman*pray Quotations: "...do your -------------. You can't lead without knowing what you're talking about..."- George Bush (1925 - )*homework Quotations: "A billion here, a billion there - pretty soon it adds up to real money."*Everett Dirksen Quotations: "Christmas is over and Business is Business."- Franklin Pierce Adams*business Quotations: "Do not wait for leaders; do it alone, person to person."*Mother Teresa Quotations: "Here is the test to find whether your ------------ is finished: if you're alive, it isn't."- Richard Bach*mission on earth Quotations: "I don't want to achieve immortality through my work, I want to achieve it through not dying."*Woody Allen Quotations: "If I were --------------, would I be wearing this one?"- Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)*two-faced Quotations: "If it weren't for -------------- I'd have no sex life at all."- Rodney Dangerfield*pickpockets Quotations: "If men could get -------------, abortion would be a sacrament."- Florence R. Kennedy*pregnant Quotations: "If someone says It's not the money, it's the -------------,'it's the money.'"- Angelo Valenti*principle Quotations: "If you cannot get your ---------- to call you, try not paying his bill."- Pete Ferguson*lawyer Quotations: "The -------- of money is the root of all evil."- The apostle Paul*love Quotations: "The human race has one really effective weapon, and that is ---------."- Mark Twain (1835 - 1910)*laughter Quotations: "Women who ----------- are called 'mothers'."- Abigail Van Buren*miscalculate Quotations: "Work is a necessity for man. Man invented the ---------------."- Pablo Picasso*alarm clock Quotations: "Years may wrinkle the skin. Lack of ---------- will wrinkle the soul."- Anonymous*enthusiasm Quotations: "You can observe a lot by ------------."- Yogi [Lawrence Peter] Berra*watching Quotes: I don't want to achieve immortality through my work, I want to achieve it through not dying.*Woody Allen Quotes: In his private heart no man much respects himself.*Mark Twain Rabbits like _______*licorice Reddish-brown colour alluding to hair*auburn Relating to cookery what are 'lokshen', used in a type of Jewish soup*noodles Relating to food what is 'halloumi'*cypriot cheese Relating to or using signals over a range of frequencies*broadband Republic in southern central America, bounded on the north by Nicaragua, on the east by the Caribbean Sea, on the southeast by Panama, & on the southwest & west by the Pacific Ocean*costa rica Richard Gere was married to which model*cindy crawford River Providence is the capital of what state*rhode island Rustic or awkward person*bumpkin S.American cowboy*gaucho Saigon is the capital of ______*south vietnam Saintpaulia is the botanical name for which houseplant*african violet Saturday is named for which planet*saturn Scoleciphobia is the fear of*worms Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk became inspiration for what novel*robinson Scriptophobia is a fear of ______*writing in public Second city: Cheyenne (state)*casper Serotine, Leislers and Noctule are all varieties of which nianinial*bat She won the 1979 Nobel peace prize for her work among the poor*mother teresa Shinguards were introduced into football in which year*1839 Shop selling exotic cooked meats and cheeses*delicatessen Short legged long bodied dog*dachshund Sieze control of vehicle*hijack Six ounces of orange juice contains the minimum daily requirement for which vitamin*vitamin c Sixty what lives in a fornicary*ants Slang:A promiscuous woman*slapper Slave trading was abolished in the british empire in 1807, 1825 or 1855*1807 Soceraphobia is the fear of*parents-in-law Solar time what's the usual age for a jewish boy to celebrate his "bar mitzvah"*thirteen*13 Southern Comfort is made from a base of Bourbon whiskey and flavouring from which fruit*peach Space indiana jones: what did drinking from the grail "grant"*immortality Spectrophobia is the fear of*specters*ghosts Squid, octopus and cuttlefish are all types of what*cephalopods St christopher the patron saint ______*travellers Starring Nigel Hawthorne, which 1994 film was publicised with "His Majesty was all-knowing. But he wasn't quite all there."*the madness of king george Stoppered glass container for wine or spirits*decanter Stygiophobia is the fear of*hell Sudden overthrow of government*coup d'etat Super glue is used to lift fingerprints from what surfaces*difficult Supposed paranormal force moving objects at a distance*telekinesis Sydney 2000 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 0 Gold, 1 Silver, 0 Bronze, 1 in Total*uruguay Sydney 2000 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 0 Gold, 2 Silver, 2 Bronze, 4 in Total*argentina Sydney 2000 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 0 Gold, 6 Silver, 6 Bronze, 12 in Total*brazil Sydney 2000 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 2 Gold, 1 Silver, 1 Bronze, 4 in Total*finland Sydney 2000 Olympics: This countries medal tally was: 6 Gold, 5 Silver, 3 Bronze, 14 in Total*poland Tachophobia is a fear of ______*speed Talc is a hydrated silicate of which metal*magnesium Tarlike mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum*bitumen The 'love apple' is more commonly known as what*tomato The 'purple heart' medal was created in 1668, 1701 or 1782*1782 The 1st US minimum wage law was instituted in what year*1938 The actor who played captain sisko in 'star trek deep space nine', played ____ the 1970's series 'spencer for hire'*hawk The alcohol found in wine, beer & liquor is known as grain alcohol or what*ethanol The assassination of what country's Archduke led to World War I?*Austria The assault on Starfleet by the Borg was at*wolf 359 The Atlanta Hawks basketball team have retired 23 which used to belong to _____*lou hudson The basis of all scientific agriculture, what involves six essential practices: proper tillage; maintenance of a proper supply of organic matter in the soil; maintenance of a proper nutrient supply; control of soil pollution; maintenance of the correct soil acidity; & control of erosion*soil management The bering strait lies between russia and ______*alaska The canary islands in the pacific are named after what animal*dog*dogs The childrens story 'The Rose and The Ring' was written by which 19th century novelist*william thackeray The Chinese ideograph with two women under one roof means what?*Trouble The coast line around this lake in North Dakota is longer than the California coastline along the Pacific Ocean.*Lake Sakakawea The cocktail "Margarita" contains cointreau, lime and which spirit*tequila The country name for which bird is 'merle'*blackbird The date of which christian festival was fixed in 325 ad by the council of nicaea*easter The Dirty Harry franchise ran to five films what was the title of the final 1988 film*the dead pool The earths atmosphere & the space beyond is known as _______*aerospace The filament of a regular light bulb is usually made of ________.*tungsten The first charity flag day was held in 1914, 1917 or 1919*1914 The first nude Playboy centerfold was*marilyn monroe The first person to swim the English Channel did so in what year*1875 The first telephone call was made in what year*1876 The force that brings moving bodies to a halt is _________*friction The great gothic cathedral of Milan was started in 1386, & wasn't completed until what year*1805 The Guarani is the unit of currency in which South American country*paraguay The ice cream soda was invented in what year*1874 The Inquisition forced this person to recant his belief in the Coppernican Theory. Who was he?*galileo The Irish Province of Connaught contains five counties. Sligo and Galway are two. Name one of the others. leitrim*mayo*roscommon The Jeffersons was a spinoff from what show?*All in the Family The largest internal organ of the human body is*liver The latin qed spells out in full as*quod erat demonstrandum The left lung is smaller than the right lung to make room for what*heart The longest bike weighed how much*more than a ton The mathematical notation for a summation is designated by what greek letter*sigma The minimum number of members required to be legal is known as a*quorum The most abundant metal in the earths crust is what*aluminum The most famous church in Great Britain, enshrining many of the traditions of the British people*Westminster Abbey The most northerly point of mainland Africa is in which country*tunisia The most prominent of the 12 disciples of Jesus Christ, a leader and missionary in the early church, and traditionally the first bishop of Rome*peter The name of which constellation me 'harp'*lyra The name of which disease comes from the Italian meaning 'bad air'*malaria The name of which of the seven hills of Rome is the origin of the word 'palace'*palatine hill The name of which plant comes from the Greek meaning 'earth-apple'*camomile The nest of an eagle or bird of prey is an*eyrie The normal temperature of a cat is _____ degrees (it's a decimal)*101.5 The northern part of north america lies within the ______*arctic circle The observable activity of an "individual.(________)*behaviour The olympic motto 'citius, altius, fortius' means what*faster, higher, the only member of the band zz top without a beard has what last name?*beard The ore pitchblende is the major source of which element*uranium*radium The peace of Aix-la-Chapelle was celebrated by which piece of music*music for the royal fireworks The phillips head screwdriver was invented where*oregon The plant life in the oceans make up about what percent of all the greenery on the earth*85 The Prince of Demons in the new testament was called ___________*beelzebub The process of splitting atoms is called*fission The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With the Sea_*yukio mishima The Simplon Tunnel runs between which two countries*italy & switzerland The skin of which animal is used to make Morocco Leather*goat The St. Valentine's day massacre took place in this city*chicago The study of shells*conchology The telephone was invented in which year*1876 The television detective Banacek was played by whom*george peppard The treatment of disease by chemical substances which are toxic to the causative micro organisms is called ________*chemotherapy the two rival gangs in "west side story" were the sharks and the _________?*jets The u.s has never lost a war where they used ______*mules The University of Houston once elected what rock star as homecoming queen*alice cooper The variety of living organisms in a particular habitat or geographic area*biodiversity The Voyage of the Beagle told of which scientist's discoveries?*Charles Darwin The word "angel" is derived from the Greek term angelos, from the Hebrew experssion mal'akh, usually translated as what?*Messenger The word 'boondocks' comes from the tagalog (filipino) word 'bundok,' which means*mountain The word 'whisky' comes from Gaelic, what does it mean*water of life The words 'dungarees' and 'jungle' originate from which language*hindi The' Long John Silver Collection' housed on the Cutty Sark is the nations largest collection of what*ship's figureheads There are 16 ______ in a cup*tablespoons There are 318,979,564,000 possible ways of playing just the first four moves on each side in a game of*chess There are 45 miles of what in the skin of a human being*nerves There are more statues of ________, Lewis & Clarks female indian guide, in the U S than any other person*sacajewa There were three Kings of England in 1066. Harold and William, of course, and who else*edward the confessor These attach muscles to bones or cartilage.*Tendons These rabbits are prized for their long, soft fur, used to make very expensive sweaters*angorra Thick, light yellow portion of milk from which butter is made*cream Thinker who sang the 1963 hit 'it's my party'*lesley gore This animal is found at the beginning of an encyclopedia*aardvark This company uses the slogan AOL*america on line*america online This country consumes more coca cola per capita than any other.*iceland This fingerlike projection is attached to the large intestine*appendix This is the hardest naturally occurring substance.*diamond This island group is off the east coast of southern South America.*falkland islands This island was Ulysses' home*ithaca This membrane controls the amount of light entering the eye.*Iris This place in Germany is also the name of a (popular) cake*black forest This science deals with the motion of projectiles*ballistics This space station killed a cow on re entry into earth's atmosphere*skylab this teen was sentenced to a public caning in singapore in 1994?*michael fay This U S state touches 4 of 5 great lakes*michigan This vegetable is a variety of broccoli*calabrese This was the site of worse nuclear accident in history*chernobyl Thomas Magnum's dad was played by what actor?*Robert Pine Thousand four hundred marconi transmitted radio signals across the atlantic in 1901, 1902 or 1903*1901 Through what were dead Egyptian pharaohs' brains extracted*nasal passages Thumper was a rabbit from which film*bambi Time of the Season (1969) was done by what group*zombies Time ____ when your having fun*flies To the nearest minute, how long does it take sunlight to reach earth*eight*8 To what country would a hiker go to assail mt ararat*turkey To what do the tendons attach the muscles*bones or cartilage To what does the original term' cutty sark ' refer*short shift*chemise To what family of vegetables does the popular Zucchini or Courgette belong*gourd or squash To what instrument family do "french horns" belong*brass To which country do the Coral Sea Islands belong*australia To which instrument does an orchestra normally tune*oboe To which plant family (strictly genus) do jonquils and daffodils belong*narcissus To which team did marlboro switch its backing from brm in the 1974 season*mclaren To within 30 feet, how tall is the Eiffel Tower*nine hundred & eighty four*984 Tom hallick was the first male host of which show*entertainment tonight Transom, poop and keel are all parts of a what*boat Trees: which tree has catkins in the spring and edible nuts in the autumn*hazel Tropical shrub used for making hair dye*henna Tropical tree bearing edible orange fruit*guava True or false: contrary to popular belief, a lightbulb actually absorbs darkness*false Tv's sttng: what's dr pulaski's first name*catherine TV/ Movies: "Dozens of people are dying all the time, thousands, so why not mother"*julian TV/ Movies: "Id like to tame her shrew!!!"*back to school TV/ Movies: "stuart little" was a story about a _____*mouse TV/ Movies: 1914 - Charlie Chaplin - Starred In This Movie: *tillie's punctured romance TV/ Movies: 1925 - Charlie Chaplin - Starred In This Movie: *the gold rush TV/ Movies: 1925 - Gary Cooper - Starred In This Movie: *tricks TV/ Movies: 1932 - Gary Cooper - Starred In This Movie: *make me a star TV/ Movies: 1932 - Katharine Hepburn - Starred In This Movie: *a bill of divorcement TV/ Movies: 1933 - Katharine Hepburn - Starred In This Movie: *little women TV/ Movies: 1934 - Lucille Ball - Starred In This Movie: *hold that girl TV/ Movies: 1934 - Lucille Ball - Starred In This Movie: *jealousy TV/ Movies: 1934 7th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was won by Claudette Colbert For The Movie:*it happened One Night TV/ Movies: 1935 - Lucille Ball - Starred In This Movie: *the whole town's talking TV/ Movies: 1936 - Gary Cooper - Starred In This Movie: *the plainsman TV/ Movies: 1937 - Lucille Ball - Starred In This Movie: *stage door TV/ Movies: 1938 - Gary Cooper - Starred In This Movie: *adventures of marco polo TV/ Movies: 1938 - Gary Cooper - Starred In This Movie: *bluebeard's eighth wife TV/ Movies: 1938 - Katharine Hepburn - Starred In This Movie: *holiday TV/ Movies: 1939 - Lucille Ball - Starred In This Movie: *five came back TV/ Movies: 1939 - Lucille Ball - Starred In This Movie: *panama lady TV/ Movies: 1939 - Lucille Ball - Starred In This Movie: *twelve crowded hours TV/ Movies: 1940 - Judy Garland - Starred In This Movie: *little nellie kelly TV/ Movies: 1941 - Judy Garland - Starred In This Movie: *life begins for andy hardy TV/ Movies: 1941 14th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was won by Joan Fontaine For The Movie:*suspicion TV/ Movies: 1942 - Ingrid Bergman - Starred In This Movie: *casablanca TV/ Movies: 1942 - Katharine Hepburn - Starred In This Movie: *keeper of the flame TV/ Movies: 1942 15th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was Won By Greer Garson For The Movie:*mrs. miniver TV/ Movies: 1944 17th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was won by Ingrid Bergman For The Movie:*gaslight TV/ Movies: 1945 - Ingrid Bergman - Starred In This Movie: *the bells of st. mary's TV/ Movies: 1946 - Lucille Ball - Starred In This Movie: *lover come back TV/ Movies: 1947 - Katharine Hepburn - Starred In This Movie: *song of love TV/ Movies: 1948 - Judy Garland - Starred In This Movie: *the pirate TV/ Movies: 1948 21st Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was won by Jane Wyman For The Movie:*johnny belinda TV/ Movies: 1949 - Angela Lansbury - Starred In This Movie: *the red danube TV/ Movies: 1949 - Lucille Ball - Starred In This Movie: *sorrowful jones TV/ Movies: 1950 - Elizabeth Taylor - Starred In This Movie: *the big hangover TV/ Movies: 1950 - Gary Cooper - Starred In This Movie: *dallas TV/ Movies: 1950 - Lucille Ball - Starred In This Movie: *the fuller brush girl TV/ Movies: 1953 - Marilyn Monroe - Starred In This Movie: *gentlemen prefer blondes TV/ Movies: 1954 - Marilyn Monroe - Starred In This Movie: *there's no business like show business TV/ Movies: 1954 27th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was won by Grace Kelly For The Movie:*the country girl TV/ Movies: 1955 - Angela Lansbury - Starred In This Movie: *please murder me TV/ Movies: 1955 - Shirley MacLaine - Starred In This Movie: *artists and models TV/ Movies: 1956 - Elizabeth Taylor - Starred In This Movie: *giant TV/ Movies: 1956 - Ingrid Bergman - Starred In This Movie: *elena et les hommes TV/ Movies: 1957 - Elizabeth Taylor - Starred In This Movie: *raintree county TV/ Movies: 1958 - Angela Lansbury - Starred In This Movie: *the reluctant debutante TV/ Movies: 1958 - Charlie Chaplin - Starred In This Movie: *the chaplin revue TV/ Movies: 1958 - Shirley MacLaine - Starred In This Movie: *hot spell TV/ Movies: 1958 - Shirley MacLaine - Starred In This Movie: *the sheepman TV/ Movies: 1960 - Angela Lansbury - Starred In This Movie: *a breath of scandal TV/ Movies: 1960 - Elizabeth Taylor - Starred In This Movie: *scent of mystery TV/ Movies: 1960 33rd Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was Won By Elizabeth Taylor For The Movie:*butterfield 8 TV/ Movies: 1961 - Ingrid Bergman - Starred In This Movie: *goodbye again TV/ Movies: 1962 - Angela Lansbury - Starred In This Movie: *all fall down TV/ Movies: 1962 - Elvis Presley - Starred In This Movie: *girls! girls! girls! TV/ Movies: 1962 - Elvis Presley - Starred In This Movie: *kid galahad TV/ Movies: 1963 - Jane Fonda - Starred In This Movie: *in the cool of the day TV/ Movies: 1964 - Audrey Hepburn - Starred In This Movie: *my fair lady TV/ Movies: 1964 - Jane Fonda - Starred In This Movie: *sunday in new york TV/ Movies: 1967 - Anthony Hopkins - Starred In This Movie: *the white bus TV/ Movies: 1967 - Audrey Hepburn - Starred In This Movie: *wait until dark TV/ Movies: 1967 - Elvis Presley - Starred In This Movie: *double trouble TV/ Movies: 1967 - Julie Andrews - Starred In This Movie: *thoroughly modern millie TV/ Movies: 1968 - Katharine Hepburn - Starred In This Movie: *the lion in winter TV/ Movies: 1970 43rd Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was Won By Glenda Jackson For The Movie:*women in Love TV/ Movies: 1971 - Sally Field - Starred In This Movie: *hitched TV/ Movies: 1971 - Sally Field - Starred In This Movie: *maybe i'll come home in the spring TV/ Movies: 1975 48th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was Won By Louise Fletcher For The Movie:*one flew over The Cuckoo's Nest TV/ Movies: 1976 - Jodie Foster - Starred In This Movie: *freaky friday TV/ Movies: 1976 - Sally Field - Starred In This Movie: *sybil TV/ Movies: 1976 - Woody Allen - Starred In This Movie: *the front TV/ Movies: 1976 49th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was won by Faye Dunaway For The Movie:*network TV/ Movies: 1977 - Anthony Hopkins - Starred In This Movie: *a bridge too far TV/ Movies: 1977 - Arnold Schwarzenegger - Starred In This Movie: *pumping iron TV/ Movies: 1977 - Jane Fonda - Starred In This Movie: *julia TV/ Movies: 1977 - Woody Allen - Starred In This Movie: *annie hall TV/ Movies: 1978 - Anthony Hopkins - Starred In This Movie: *magic TV/ Movies: 1979 - Audrey Hepburn - Starred In This Movie: *bloodline TV/ Movies: 1979 - Dustin Hoffman - Starred In This Movie: *agatha TV/ Movies: 1979 - Lauren Bacall - Starred In This Movie: *h.e.a.l.t.h TV/ Movies: 1979 52nd Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was won by Sally Field For The Movie:*norma rae TV/ Movies: 1980 - Anthony Hopkins - Starred In This Movie: *the elephant man TV/ Movies: 1980 - Jodie Foster - Starred In This Movie: *carny TV/ Movies: 1980 - Jodie Foster - Starred In This Movie: *foxes TV/ Movies: 1980 - Michelle Pfeiffer - Starred In This Movie: *the hollywood knights TV/ Movies: 1981 - Audrey Hepburn - Starred In This Movie: *they all laughed TV/ Movies: 1981 - Demi Moore - Starred In This Movie: *choices TV/ Movies: 1981 - Kirstie Alley - Starred In This Movie: *one more chance TV/ Movies: 1981 - Sigourney Weaver - Starred In This Movie: *eyewitness TV/ Movies: 1982 - Demi Moore - Starred In This Movie: *young doctors in love TV/ Movies: 1982 - Sally Field - Starred In This Movie: *kiss me goodbye TV/ Movies: 1982 - Woody Allen - Starred In This Movie: *a midsummer night's sex comedy TV/ Movies: 1983 - Kurt Russell - Starred in this movie: *silkwood TV/ Movies: 1983 - Robin Williams - Starred In This Movie: *the survivors TV/ Movies: 1984 - Arnold Schwarzenegger - Starred In This Movie: *the terminator TV/ Movies: 1984 - Shirley MacLaine - Starred In This Movie: *cannonball run ii TV/ Movies: 1984 57th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was won by Sally Field For The Movie:*places in the heart TV/ Movies: 1985 - Anthony Hopkins - Starred In This Movie: *arch of triumph TV/ Movies: 1986 - Drew Barrymore - Starred In This Movie: *babes in toyland TV/ Movies: 1987 - Goldie Hawn - Starred in this movie: *overboard TV/ Movies: 1987 - Jodie Foster - Starred In This Movie: *siesta TV/ Movies: 1987 - Meg Ryan - Starred In This Movie: *innerspace TV/ Movies: 1988 - Arnold Schwarzenegger - Starred In This Movie: *twins TV/ Movies: 1988 - Hugh Grant - Starred In This Movie: *the dawning TV/ Movies: 1988 - Michelle Pfeiffer - Starred In This Movie: *dangerous liaisons TV/ Movies: 1988 - Michelle Pfeiffer - Starred In This Movie: *tequila sunrise TV/ Movies: 1988 - Sharon Stone - Starred In This Movie: *action jackson TV/ Movies: 1989 - Bruce Willis - Starred In This Movie: *in country TV/ Movies: 1989 - Dustin Hoffman - Starred In This Movie: *family business TV/ Movies: 1989 - Lauren Bacall - Starred In This Movie: *dinner at eight TV/ Movies: 1989 - Shirley MacLaine - Starred In This Movie: *steel magnolias TV/ Movies: 1989 62nd Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was Won By Jessica Tandy For The Movie:*driving miss Daisy TV/ Movies: 1990 - Bruce Willis - Starred In This Movie: *look who's talking too TV/ Movies: 1990 - Bruce Willis - Starred In This Movie: *the bonfire of the vanities TV/ Movies: 1990 - Shirley MacLaine - Starred In This Movie: *waiting for the light TV/ Movies: 1991 - Anthony Hopkins - Starred In This Movie: *the silence of the lambs TV/ Movies: 1991 - Demi Moore - Starred In This Movie: *nothing but trouble TV/ Movies: 1991 - Julia Roberts - Starred In This Movie: *hook TV/ Movies: 1991 - Julia Roberts - Starred In This Movie: *sleeping with the enemy TV/ Movies: 1991 - Sharon Stone - Starred In This Movie: *scissors TV/ Movies: 1991 - Shirley MacLaine - Starred In This Movie: *defending your life TV/ Movies: 1991 64th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was Won By Jodie Foster For The Movie:*the silence of The Lambs TV/ Movies: 1992 - Whoopi Goldberg - Starred In This Movie: *sister act TV/ Movies: 1993 - Anthony Hopkins - Starred In This Movie: *the innocent TV/ Movies: 1993 - Bruce Willis - Starred In This Movie: *striking distance TV/ Movies: 1993 - Whoopi Goldberg - Starred In This Movie: *made in america TV/ Movies: 1993: name one of the major stars in the film house of cards*tommy lee jones TV/ Movies: 1994 - Anthony Hopkins - Starred In This Movie: *the road to wellville TV/ Movies: 1994 - Harrison Ford - Starred In This Movie: *a century of cinema TV/ Movies: 1994 - Hugh Grant - Starred In This Movie: *four weddings and a funeral TV/ Movies: 1994 - Sharon Stone - Starred In This Movie: *intersection TV/ Movies: 1995 - Brad Pitt - Starred In This Movie: *12 monkeys TV/ Movies: 1995 - Bruce Willis - Starred In This Movie: *12 monkeys TV/ Movies: 1995 - Emma Thompson - Starred In This Movie: *sense and sensibility TV/ Movies: 1995 - Julia Roberts - Starred In This Movie: *something to talk about TV/ Movies: 1995 - Sharon Stone - Starred In This Movie: *the quick and the dead TV/ Movies: 1995 68th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was won by Susan Sarandon For The Movie:*dead man Walking TV/ Movies: 1996 - Cameron Diaz - Starred In This Movie: *the last supper TV/ Movies: 1996 - Demi Moore - Starred In This Movie: *striptease TV/ Movies: 1996 - Lauren Holly - Starred In This Movie: *beautiful girls TV/ Movies: 1996 - Meryl Streep - Starred In This Movie: *before and after TV/ Movies: 1996 - Neve Campbell - Starred In This Movie: *the craft TV/ Movies: 1996 - Robin Williams - Starred In This Movie: *the secret agent TV/ Movies: 1996 - Sally Field - Starred In This Movie: *eye for an eye TV/ Movies: 1996 - Sandra Bullock - Starred In This Movie: *a time to kill TV/ Movies: 1996 69th Academy Awards: Best Actress In A Leading Role Was won by Frances Mcdormand For The Movie:*fargo TV/ Movies: 1996-1997 Movies: A family-values politician targets Dangerfield's vulgarly popular talk show.*meet wally sparks TV/ Movies: 1996-1997 Movies: Jim Carrey makes himself Matthew Broderick's friend in this dark comedy.*the cable guy TV/ Movies: 1996-1997 Movies: The biography of the Latin-American Tejano music star slain by a fan in 1995.*selena TV/ Movies: 1997 - Alicia Silverstone - Starred In This Movie: *batman & robin TV/ Movies: 1997 - Julia Roberts - Starred In This Movie: *conspiracy theory TV/ Movies: 1997 - Shirley MacLaine - Starred In This Movie: *a smile like yours TV/ Movies: 1997, This Movie was Released on April 18 ---------- *traveller TV/ Movies: 1997, This Movie was Released on February 28 Donnie ---------- *brasco TV/ Movies: 1997, This Movie was Released on Jannuary 17 ---------- *metro TV/ Movies: 1997, This Movie was Released on January 31 Star Wars: ---------- *special edition TV/ Movies: 1997, This Movie was Released on June 13 Speed 2: ---------- *cruise control TV/ Movies: 1997, This Movie was Released on June 6 ---------- *bliss TV/ Movies: 1997, This Movie was Released on March 28 The 6th ---------- *man TV/ Movies: 1997, This Movie was Released on March 7 Jungle 2 ---------- *jungle TV/ Movies: 1997, This Movie was Released on May 2 Austin Powers: International ---------- *man of mystery TV/ Movies: 1997, This Movie was Released on May 9 Father's ---------- *day TV/ Movies: 1998 - Drew Barrymore - Starred In This Movie: *the wedding singer TV/ Movies: 1998 - Jamie Lee Curtis - Starred In This Movie: *halloween: h20 TV/ Movies: 1998 - Meg Ryan - Starred In This Movie: *hurlyburly TV/ Movies: 1998 - Sharon Stone - Starred In This Movie: *the mighty TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on August 21 Dance ---------- *with me TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on August 21 Wrongfully ---------- *accused TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on December 11 Star Trek: ---------- *insurrection TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on February 6 The Replacement ---------- *killers TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on July 15 There's something ---------- *about mary TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on July 31 ---------- *baseketball TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on June 12 Six Days, ---------- *seven nights TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on June 26 Gone With ---------- *the wind TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on June 26 Hav ---------- *plenty TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on March 27 Wide ---------- *awake TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on May 1 Dancer, ---------- *texas pop. 81 TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on May 1 Les ---------- *miserables TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on May 8 Deep ---------- *impact TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on October 2 Dee Snider's ---------- *strangeland TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on October 30 Living Out ---------- *loud TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on September 11 ---------- *rounders TV/ Movies: 1998, This Movie was Released on September 11 Without ---------- *limits TV/ Movies: 1999 - Drew Barrymore - Starred In This Movie: *never been kissed TV/ Movies: 1999 - Sigourney Weaver - Starred In This Movie: *a map of the world TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on August 13 ---------- *bowfinger TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on August 27 The ---------- *muse TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on August 6 Mystery ---------- *men TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on December 22 Man on ---------- *the moon TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on February 19 Office ---------- *space TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on June 4 Desert ---------- *blue TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on March 12 Wing ---------- *commander TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on May 14 A Midsummer ---------- *night's dream TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on May 28 Notting ---------- *hill TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on October 1 American ---------- *beauty TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on October 15 The Straight ---------- *story TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on October 8 Random ---------- *hearts TV/ Movies: 1999, This Movie was Released on September 24 ---------- *guinevere TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on April 14 Keeping The ---------- *faith TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on April 28 The Virgin ---------- *suicides TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on August 18 The ---------- *cell TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on August 25 Bring ---------- *it on TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on December 22 Cast ---------- *away TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on February 18 The Whole ---------- *nine yards TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on January 14 Girl, ---------- *interrupted TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on July 21 ---------- *loser TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on July 26 Thomas and the ---------- *magic railroad TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on June 2 Big Momma's ---------- *house TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on June 9 Gone In Sixty ---------- *seconds TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on March 10 The Ninth ---------- *gate TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on March 17 Erin ---------- *brockovich TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on May 5 I Dreamed of ---------- *africa TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on November 3 The Legend of ---------- *bagger vance TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on October 20 ---------- *bedazzled TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on October 20 The ---------- *yards TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on October 6 ---------- *girlfight TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on October 6 Digimon: ---------- *the movie TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on October 6 Get ---------- *carter TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on September 1 ---------- *whipped TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on September 22 Almost ---------- *famous TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on September 29 ---------- *beautiful TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on September 29 Best In ---------- *show TV/ Movies: 2000, This Movie was Released on September 29 The ---------- *exorcist TV/ Movies: 50s Flicks: Which French star appeared in _and God Created Woman_, set in St. Tropez *brigitte bardot TV/ Movies: Academy awards: best actor, clark gable, & best actress, claudette colbert, won for this film, which was best picture*retinol TV/ Movies: Actor originally intended to be Wizard in "Wizard of Oz"*w c fields TV/ Movies: Actress In The Role: Batman ---> Vicki Vale*kim basinger TV/ Movies: Amazing actress who won for _The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie_*maggie smith TV/ Movies: Among animation aficionados, what is generally considered to be Chuck Jones best animated short film*one froggy evening TV/ Movies: B Movies: Bomb that featured Eddie Murphy and Dudley Moore as arms dealers*best defense TV/ Movies: B Movies: Disney's 1979 attempt at a sci-fi flick, with Ernest Borgnine*the black hole TV/ Movies: B Movies: John Singleton hit it big in 1991 with this ghetto tale (spelling...)*boyz n the hood TV/ Movies: Back To The Future: Back to the Future 3 was set in one of Doc's favourite places, the __ __*wild west TV/ Movies: Bill & ted's excellent adventure: strange things are amuck at the _____*circle k TV/ Movies: Blade Runner: The phrase "Blade Runner" comes from a book by this author.*william s burroughs TV/ Movies: Born April 16, 1889, He Starred In This Movie: Souls For Sale - 1923*charlie chaplin TV/ Movies: Born April 16, 1889, He Starred In This Movie: The Chaplin Revue - 1958*charlie chaplin TV/ Movies: Born April 29, 1958, She starred in this movie: Falling in Love Again - 1980*michelle pfeiffer TV/ Movies: Born April 29, 1958, She starred in this movie: Grease 2 - 1982*michelle pfeiffer TV/ Movies: Born April 29, 1958, She starred in this movie: Ladyhawke - 1985*michelle pfeiffer TV/ Movies: Born April 29, 1958, She starred in this movie: The Age of Innocence - 1993*michelle pfeiffer TV/ Movies: Born April 29, 1958, She starred in this movie: Up Close and Personal - 1996*michelle pfeiffer TV/ Movies: Born Aug 17, 1943, He starred in this movie: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein - 1994*robert de niro TV/ Movies: Born Aug 17, 1943, He starred in this movie: New York, New York - 1977*robert de niro TV/ Movies: Born Aug 17, 1943, He starred in this movie: True Confessions - 1981*robert de niro TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: Action of the Tiger - 1957*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: Entrapment - 1999*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: Family Business - 1989*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: Five Days One Summer - 1982*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: Goldfinger - 1964*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: Hell Drivers - 1958*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: Highlander - 1986*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: Marnie - 1964*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: Meteor - 1979*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: Playing by Heart - 1998*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 25, 1930, He starred in this movie: The Rock - 1996*sean connery TV/ Movies: Born Aug 29, 1915, She starred in this movie: Autumn Sonata - 1978*ingrid bergman TV/ Movies: Born Aug 29, 1915, She starred in this movie: Höstsonaten - 1978*ingrid bergman TV/ Movies: Born Aug 29, 1915, She starred in this movie: Rich Girl - 1991*ingrid bergman TV/ Movies: Born Aug 31, 1949, He starred in this movie: Bloodbrothers - 1978*richard gere TV/ Movies: Born Aug 31, 1949, He starred in this movie: Primal Fear - 1996*richard gere TV/ Movies: Born Aug 31, 1949, He starred in this movie: Rhapsody in August - 1991*richard gere TV/ Movies: Born Aug 31, 1949, He starred in this movie: Runaway Bride - 1999*richard gere TV/ Movies: Born Aug 31, 1949, He starred in this movie: Unzipped - 1995*richard gere TV/ Movies: Born Aug 6, 1911, She starred in this movie: Bunker Bean - 1936*lucille ball TV/ Movies: Born Aug 6, 1911, She starred in this movie: Fugitive Lady - 1934*lucille ball TV/ Movies: Born Aug 6, 1911, She starred in this movie: Moulin Rouge - 1934*lucille ball TV/ Movies: Born Aug 8, 1937, He starred in this movie: Death of a Salesman - 1985*dustin hoffman TV/ Movies: Born Aug 8, 1937, He starred in this movie: Dick Tracy - 1990*dustin hoffman TV/ Movies: Born Aug 8, 1937, He starred in this movie: Lenny - 1974*dustin hoffman TV/ Movies: Born Aug 8, 1937, He starred in this movie: Outbreak - 1995*dustin hoffman TV/ Movies: Born Dec 1, 1945, She starred in this movie: Down and Out in Beverly Hills - 1986*bette midler TV/ Movies: Born Dec 1, 1945, She starred in this movie: Get Shorty - 1995*bette midler TV/ Movies: Born Dec 1, 1945, She starred in this movie: Stella - 1990*bette midler TV/ Movies: Born Dec 18 1963, He starred in this movie: 12 Monkeys - 1995*brad pitt TV/ Movies: Born Dec 18 1963, He starred in this movie: Fight Club - 1999*brad pitt TV/ Movies: Born Dec 18 1963, He starred in this movie: Too Young To Die? - 1990*brad pitt TV/ Movies: Born Dec 31, 1937, He starred in this movie: 84 Charing Cross Road - 1987*anthony hopkins TV/ Movies: Born Dec 31, 1937, He starred in this movie: Bram Stoker's Dracula - 1992*anthony hopkins TV/ Movies: Born Dec 31, 1937, He starred in this movie: Chaplin - 1992*anthony hopkins TV/ Movies: Born Dec 31, 1937, He starred in this movie: The Good Father - 1986*anthony hopkins TV/ Movies: Born Dec 31, 1937, He starred in this movie: The Lion in Winter - 1968*anthony hopkins TV/ Movies: Born Dec 31, 1937, He starred in this movie: The Tenth Man - 1988*anthony hopkins TV/ Movies: Born Dec 31, 1937, He starred in this movie: The Trial - 1992*anthony hopkins TV/ Movies: Born Dec 31, 1937, He starred in this movie: Titus - 1999*anthony hopkins TV/ Movies: Born Feb 22, 1975, She starred in this movie: Far From Home - 1988*drew barrymore TV/ Movies: Born Feb 22, 1975, She starred in this movie: Scream - 1996*drew barrymore TV/ Movies: Born Feb 22, 1975, She starred in this movie: See You in the Morning - 1989*drew barrymore TV/ Movies: Born Feb 27, 1932, She starred in this movie: Ash Wednesday - 1973*elizabeth taylor TV/ Movies: Born Feb 27, 1932, She starred in this movie: Cleopatra - 1963*elizabeth taylor TV/ Movies: Born Feb 27, 1932, She starred in this movie: Conspirator - 1949*elizabeth taylor TV/ Movies: Born Feb 27, 1932, She starred in this movie: Hammersmith Is Out - 1972*elizabeth taylor TV/ Movies: Born Feb 27, 1932, She starred in this movie: Poker Alice - 1987*elizabeth taylor TV/ Movies: Born Jan 12, 1955, She starred in this movie: It Takes Two - 1995*kirstie alley TV/ Movies: Born Jan 18, 1955, He starred in this movie: For Love of the Game - 1999*kevin costner TV/ Movies: Born Jan 18, 1955, He starred in this movie: Testament - 1983*kevin costner TV/ Movies: Born Jan 3, 1956, He starred in this movie: Bird on a Wire - 1990*mel gibson TV/ Movies: Born Jan 3, 1956, He starred in this movie: Gallipoli - 1981*mel gibson TV/ Movies: Born Jan 3, 1956, He starred in this movie: Mad Max: Beyond Thunderdome - 1985*mel gibson TV/ Movies: Born Jan 3, 1956, He starred in this movie: Mrs. Soffel - 1984*mel gibson TV/ Movies: Born Jan 3, 1956, He starred in this movie: The Road Warrior - 1982*mel gibson TV/ Movies: Born Jan 8, 1935, He starred in this movie: Flaming Star - 1960*elvis presley TV/ Movies: Born Jan 8, 1935, He starred in this movie: Frankie and Johnny - 1966*elvis presley TV/ Movies: Born Jul 21, 1952, He starred in this movie: Hook - 1991*robin williams TV/ Movies: Born Jul 21, 1952, He starred in this movie: Jumanji - 1995*robin williams TV/ Movies: Born Jul 21, 1952, He starred in this movie: Nine Months - 1995*robin williams TV/ Movies: Born Jul 6, 1946, He starred in this movie: Cobra - 1986*sylvester stallone TV/ Movies: Born Jul 6, 1946, He starred in this movie: F.I.S.T. - 1978*sylvester stallone TV/ Movies: Born July 13, 1942, He starred in this movie: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom - 1984*harrison ford TV/ Movies: Born July 26, 1964, She starred in this movie: In Love and War - 1996*sandra bullock TV/ Movies: Born July 3, 1962, He starred in this movie: Jerry Maguire - 1996*tom cruise TV/ Movies: Born July 3, 1962, He starred in this movie: Risky Business - 1983*tom cruise TV/ Movies: Born July 3, 1962, He starred in this movie: The Firm - 1993*tom cruise TV/ Movies: Born July 30, 1947, He starred in this movie: A Century of Cinema - 1994*arnold schwarzenegger TV/ Movies: Born July 30, 1947, He starred in this movie: Conan the Destroyer - 1984*arnold schwarzenegger TV/ Movies: Born July 30, 1947, He starred in this movie: Stay Hungry - 1976*arnold schwarzenegger TV/ Movies: Born July 9, 1956, He starred in this movie: A League of Their Own - 1992*tom hanks TV/ Movies: Born July 9, 1956, He starred in this movie: Every Time We Say Goodbye - 1986*tom hanks TV/ Movies: Born July 9, 1956, He starred in this movie: Forrest Gump - 1994*tom hanks TV/ Movies: Born July 9, 1956, He starred in this movie: Nothing in Common - 1986*tom hanks TV/ Movies: Born July 9, 1956, He starred in this movie: The Green Mile - 1999*tom hanks TV/ Movies: Born Jun 22, 1949, She starred in this movie: Julia - 1977 *meryl streep TV/ Movies: Born Jun 22, 1949, She starred in this movie: Marvin's Room - 1996*meryl streep TV/ Movies: Born Jun 22, 1949, She starred in this movie: The Deer Hunter - 1978*meryl streep TV/ Movies: Born June 1, 1926, She starred in this movie: Gentlemen Prefer Blondes - 1953*marilyn monroe TV/ Movies: Born June 1, 1926, She starred in this movie: Monkey Business - 1952*marilyn monroe TV/ Movies: Born June 10, 1922, She starred in this movie: Girl Crazy - 1943*judy garland TV/ Movies: Born Mar 10,1958, She starred in this movie: Bolero - 1982*sharon stone TV/ Movies: Born Mar 10,1958, She starred in this movie: Deadly Blessing - 1981*sharon stone TV/ Movies: Born Mar 10,1958, She starred in this movie: Diary of a Hitman - 1992*sharon stone TV/ Movies: Born Mar 10,1958, She starred in this movie: Last Action Hero - 1993*sharon stone TV/ Movies: Born Mar 10,1958, She starred in this movie: Where Sleeping Dogs Lie - 1993*sharon stone TV/ Movies: Born Mar 14, 1947, He starred in this movie: Deconstructing Harry - 1997*billy crystal TV/ Movies: Born Mar 14, 1947, He starred in this movie: Fathers' Day - 1997*billy crystal TV/ Movies: Born Mar 17, 1951, He starred in this movie: Charley and the Angel - 1973*kurt russell TV/ Movies: Born Mar 17, 1951, He starred in this movie: Swing Shift - 1984*kurt russell TV/ Movies: Born Mar 19, 1955, He starred in this movie: 12 Monkeys - 1995*bruce willis TV/ Movies: Born Mar 19, 1955, He starred in this movie: Look Who's Talking Too - 1990*bruce willis TV/ Movies: Born Mar 19, 1955, He starred in this movie: Mercury Rising - 1998*bruce willis TV/ Movies: Born May 4, 1929, She starred in this movie: Always - 1989*audrey hepburn TV/ Movies: Born May 4, 1929, She starred in this movie: How To Steal a Million - 1966*audrey hepburn TV/ Movies: Born May 4, 1929, She starred in this movie: Nous irons a Monte Carlo - 1951*audrey hepburn TV/ Movies: Born May 4, 1929, She starred in this movie: One Wild Oat - 1951*audrey hepburn TV/ Movies: Born May 4, 1929, She starred in this movie: Roman Holiday - 1953*audrey hepburn TV/ Movies: Born May 4, 1929, She starred in this movie: The Lavender Hill Mob - 1951*audrey hepburn TV/ Movies: Born May 4, 1929, She starred in this movie: They All Laughed - 1981*audrey hepburn TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: Alice in Wonderland - 1933*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: Dick Turpin - 1925*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: For Whom the Bell Tolls - 1943*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: Lest We Forget - 1937*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: Mr. Deeds Goes to Town - 1936*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: Nevada - 1944*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: Task Force - 1949*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: The Pride of the Yankees - 1942*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: The Virginian - 1929*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: The Westerner - 1940*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: Tricks - 1925*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: Wolf Song - 1929*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born May 7, 1901, He Starred In This Movie: You're in the Navy Now - 1951*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Born Nov 11, 1962, She starred in this movie: No Small Affair - 1985*demi moore TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1961, She starred in this movie: A Century of Cinema - 1994*meg ryan TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1961, She starred in this movie: Armed and Dangerous - 1986*meg ryan TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1961, She starred in this movie: Courage Under Fire - 1996*meg ryan TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1961, She starred in this movie: French Kiss - 1995*meg ryan TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1961, She starred in this movie: Hanging Up - 2000*meg ryan TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1961, She starred in this movie: The Presidio - 1988*meg ryan TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1962, She starred in this movie: Hotel New Hampshire - 1984*jodie foster TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1962, She starred in this movie: O'Hara's Wife - 1982*jodie foster TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1962, She starred in this movie: One Little Indian - 1973*jodie foster TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1962, She starred in this movie: Shadows and Fog - 1992*jodie foster TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1962, She starred in this movie: The Accused - 1988*jodie foster TV/ Movies: Born Nov 19, 1962, She starred in this movie: The Hotel New Hampshire - 1984*jodie foster TV/ Movies: Born Nov 21, 1945, She starred in this movie: Cactus Flower - 1969*goldie hawn TV/ Movies: Born Nov 21, 1945, She starred in this movie: Deceived - 1991*goldie hawn TV/ Movies: Born Nov 21, 1945, She starred in this movie: The Girl From Petrovka - 1974*goldie hawn TV/ Movies: Born Oct 1, 1935, She starred in this movie: Little Miss Marker - 1980*julie andrews TV/ Movies: Born Oct 28, 1967, She starred in this movie: Mystic Pizza - 1988*julia roberts TV/ Movies: Born Oct 28, 1967, She starred in this movie: Runaway Bride - 1999*julia roberts TV/ Movies: Born Oct 29, 1971, She starred in this movie: Square Dance - 1987*winona ryder TV/ Movies: Born Oct 29, 1971, She starred in this movie: The Age of Innocence - 1993*winona ryder TV/ Movies: Born Oct 3, 1973, She starred in this movie: Scream 3 - 2000*neve campbell TV/ Movies: Born Oct 3, 1973, She starred in this movie: Three to Tango - 1999*neve campbell TV/ Movies: Born Oct 4, 1946, She starred in this movie: He'll See You Now - 1984*susan sarandon TV/ Movies: Born Oct 4, 1946, She starred in this movie: Mortadella/Lady Liberty - 1972*susan sarandon TV/ Movies: Born Oct 4, 1946, She starred in this movie: The Player - 1992*susan sarandon TV/ Movies: Born Oct 4, 1946, She starred in this movie: Women of Valor - 1986*susan sarandon TV/ Movies: Born Oct 8, 1949, She starred in this movie: 1492: Conquest of Paradise - 1992*sigourney weaver TV/ Movies: Born Oct 8, 1949, She starred in this movie: Eyewitness - 1981*sigourney weaver TV/ Movies: Born Oct 8, 1949, She starred in this movie: Jeffrey - 1995*sigourney weaver TV/ Movies: Born Oct 8, 1949, She starred in this movie: One Woman or Two - 1987*sigourney weaver TV/ Movies: Born Sep 15, 1946, He starred in this movie: Jackson County Jail - 1976*tommy lee jones TV/ Movies: Born Sep 15, 1946, He starred in this movie: The Betsy - 1978*tommy lee jones TV/ Movies: Born Sep 15, 1946, He starred in this movie: The Eyes of Laura Mars - 1978*tommy lee jones TV/ Movies: Born Sep 28, 1934, She starred in this movie: Le Fils de Caroline Cherie - 1955*brigitte bardot TV/ Movies: Born Sep 28, 1934, She starred in this movie: Le Trou Normand - 1952*brigitte bardot TV/ Movies: Born Sep 28, 1934, She starred in this movie: Les Bijoutiers du Clair de Lune/The Night Heaven Fell - 1958*brigitte Bardot TV/ Movies: Born Sep 28, 1934, She starred in this movie: Two Weeks in September - 1967*brigitte bardot TV/ Movies: Born Sep 28, 1934, She starred in this movie: Une Ravissante Idiote/A Ravishing Idiot - 1964*brigitte bardot TV/ Movies: Born Sep 28, 1934, She starred in this movie: Voulez-vous danser avec moi?/Come Dance With Me! - 1959*brigitte Bardot TV/ Movies: Born Sep 5, 1940, She starred in this movie: 100 Rifles - 1969*raquel welch TV/ Movies: Born Sep 5, 1940, She starred in this movie: L'Animal/Stuntwoman - 1977*raquel welch TV/ Movies: Born Sep 5, 1940, She starred in this movie: Naked Gun 33 1/3: The Final Insult - 1994*raquel welch TV/ Movies: Born Sep 5, 1940, She starred in this movie: Scandal in a Small Town - 1988*raquel welch TV/ Movies: Born Sep 5, 1940, She starred in this movie: The Four Musketeers - 1975*raquel welch TV/ Movies: Born Sep 9, 1960, He starred in this movie: Impromptu - 1990*hugh grant TV/ Movies: Cartoons: Fred Flintstone's boss.*mr. slate TV/ Movies: Cartoons: Name of the creator of Ren and Stimpy.*john kricfalusi TV/ Movies: Category: "Why, I guess you don't know everything about women yet"*the empire strikes back TV/ Movies: Category: 50s Flicks: Which 1957 film had the whistled "Colonel Bogey" as its theme*the bridge on the river kwai TV/ Movies: Category: 80s Movies: 1983 film that brings Jeff Goldblum, Glenn Close, and William Hurt together*the big chill TV/ Movies: Category: 80s Movies: 1987 thriller hyped with the line "she mates and she kills"*black widow TV/ Movies: Category: 80s Movies: Featured the lines "I was born to love you. I was born to lick your face."*caddyshack TV/ Movies: Category: 80s Movies: Roman Polanski's 1980 film adaptation of a Thomas Hardy novel*tess TV/ Movies: Category: 90s TV: In which program do Mulder and Scully appear*x-files TV/ Movies: Category: 90s TV: Show about comedian-turned 'tool-man' Tim Allen and his sidekick Al*home improvement TV/ Movies: Category: Academy Award Directors: Elia Kazan was awarded in 1954 for this movie*on the waterfront TV/ Movies: Category: Academy Award Directors: John Schlesinger was awarded in 1969 for this movie.*midnight cowboy TV/ Movies: Category: Academy Award Directors: Michael Curtiz was awarded in 1943 for this movie.*casablanca TV/ Movies: Category: Academy Award Directors: Robert Wise was awarded in 1965 for this movie.*the sound of music TV/ Movies: Category: Academy Award Directors: Vincente Minnelli was awarded in 1958 for this movie.*gigi TV/ Movies: Category: Academy Awards: Who is the only person to win 3 Best Supporting Actor awards*walter brennan TV/ Movies: Category: Actors Common Ground 1: The Donna Reed Show, Pete and Gladys, M-A-S-H*harry morgan TV/ Movies: Category: Actors In Film: Dennis Quaid, Louis Gossett Jr.*enemy mine TV/ Movies: Category: Actors In Film: Sean Penn, Al Pacino, John Leguzamo*carlitos way TV/ Movies: Category: Actors In Film: Tom Berenger, Sidney Poitier, Clancy Brown*shoot to kill TV/ Movies: Category: ActPersons: He was born Allen Konigsberg*woody allen TV/ Movies: Category: ActPersons: The birthplace (city) of Jack Lemmon.*boston TV/ Movies: Category: ActPersons: The birthplace (city) of Raul Julia.*san juan TV/ Movies: Category: Actress In The Role: The Grifters ---> Lily Dillon*anjelica huston TV/ Movies: Category: American Cartoonists: Cartoon created by C.C. Beck*captain marvel TV/ Movies: Category: American Cartoonists: Cartoon created by Tom Wilson*ziggy TV/ Movies: Category: Animaniacs: This is the argumentative "good feather"; also a popular pasta topping.*pesto TV/ Movies: Category: Anime: What is the other (not Japanese) nationality of Asuka Soryuu Langley*german TV/ Movies: Category: B Movies: John Singleton hit it big in 1991 with this ghetto tale (spelling...)*boyz n the hood TV/ Movies: Category: B Movies: Steve McQueen's first starring role was in this 1958 B-Movie*the blob TV/ Movies: Category: B Movies: Sting and Jennifer Beals in this remake of The Bride of Frankenstein*the bride TV/ Movies: Category: Beverly Hills 90210: The numbers 90210 are what*zip code TV/ Movies: Category: Blazing Saddles: Who played the German Chanteuse*madeline kahn TV/ Movies: Category: Bleeding Heart Movies: "Farm boy, fetch me that pitcher."*the princess bride TV/ Movies: Category: Bleeding Heart Movies: Will Smith knifes himself to get aquantied with high society folks.*six degrees of Seperation TV/ Movies: Category: Blues Brothers: Who played the jilted fiancee*carrie fisher TV/ Movies: Category: Cartoon Sidekicks: Buttons*mindy TV/ Movies: Category: Cartoon Sidekicks: Calvin and ------*hobbes TV/ Movies: Category: Cartoon Sidekicks: Disney: Dale*chip TV/ Movies: Category: Cartoons: Boris Badanov's nationality.*pottsylvanian TV/ Movies: Category: Cheers Trivia: Norm's favorite restaurant...*hungry heifer TV/ Movies: Category: Classic Movies: He played Johnny Boy, small-time gambler in big-time debt to loan sharks*robert deniro TV/ Movies: Category: Commitments: "Decko the bus conductor Is that ------ ----- or ------ -----"*single decko double decko TV/ Movies: Category: Commitments: In what year was this film released*1991 TV/ Movies: Category: Defining Roles: Back to the Future--> Marty McFly*michael fox TV/ Movies: Category: Defining Roles: Batman [the movie]--> Batman*michael keaton TV/ Movies: Category: Defining Roles: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid--> the Sundance Kid*robert redford TV/ Movies: Category: Defining Roles: M.A.S.H. [the movie]--> Benjamin Franklin "Hawkeye" Pierce*donald sutherland TV/ Movies: Category: Defining Roles: The King and I--> The King of Siam*yul brynner TV/ Movies: Category: Dick Van Dyke Show: What phrase did Laura utter whenever she was in trouble or upset*oh rob TV/ Movies: Category: Disney Afternoon: DD What is the name of DarkwingUs pilot and sidekick*launchpad mcquack TV/ Movies: Category: Doctor Who: Multi-purpose gadget which helps the Doctor out of many sticky situations*sonic screwdriver TV/ Movies: Category: Famous Celebrities: What is the surname of 8-times married actress Zsa Zsa*gabor TV/ Movies: Category: Film 101: The relationship of the frame's width to its height.*aspect ratio TV/ Movies: Category: Film Roles: Dirty Harry*clint eastwood TV/ Movies: Category: Film Roles: Superman*christopher reeve TV/ Movies: Category: Film Top Cops: Jean-Claude travels to the past.*time cop TV/ Movies: Category: Flicks: Three vignettes dealing with two hitmen, a renegade boxer, and a bad date*pulp fiction TV/ Movies: Category: Flicks: Tom Hanks and Dan Akroyd track down the crimes of P.A.G.A.N.*dragnet TV/ Movies: Category: Full House: Name Jesse and Rebecca's children (use "and")*nicky and alex TV/ Movies: Category: Get Smart: Siegfried's faithful sidekick and dummkopf.*shtarker TV/ Movies: Category: Grease: She got her name because she was the best dancer at St. Bernadette's.*chacha TV/ Movies: Category: Highlander: What was the name of Duncan MacLeod's monk mentor?*darius TV/ Movies: Category: Hollywood: He was a circus acrobat before acting.*burt lancaster TV/ Movies: Category: Hollywood: She had children out of wedlock with Roger Vadim and Marcello Mastroianni*catherine deneuve TV/ Movies: Category: Hollywood: She is the mother of Jason Gould.*barbra streisand TV/ Movies: Category: Hollywood: TV/Casino star who wrote much poetry, including Touch Me, & Touch Me Again.*suzanne somers TV/ Movies: Category: Independent Films: 1991 Richard Linklater film which helped define "Generation X"*slacker TV/ Movies: Category: Independent Films: David Lynch's 1976 film filled with bizarre ideas and nightmare imagery*eraserhead TV/ Movies: Category: Independent Films: Mark Wahlberg allegedly wore a prosthetic device in this 1997 film*boogie nights TV/ Movies: Category: Indiana Jones: What kind of scientist is Indiana Jones*archaeologist TV/ Movies: Category: Indiana Jones: What possession does Indy never quite lose*hat TV/ Movies: Category: James Bond: Letter name for James Bond's superior*m TV/ Movies: Category: Kids in the Hall: The Kid that played Satan*mark mckinney TV/ Movies: Category: Last Names: Mr. Belvidere/The family's last name...*owens TV/ Movies: Category: Letterman: According to Dave,not a man,woman,or child doesn't enjoy a cool refreshing __.*beverage TV/ Movies: Category: MASH: Klinger wears dresses to earn himself one of these.*section 8 TV/ Movies: Category: Mostly Older Movies: Anne Francis and Robby The Robot starred in this SciFi classic:*forbidden planet TV/ Movies: Category: Mostly Older Movies: Musical with Richard Harris and Lynn Redgrave:*camelot TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Bombs: Gene Hackman, David Janssen, and Gregory Peck: Apollo13-ish space bomb*marooned TV/ Movies: Category: Movie In Which: Tom Cruise plays a high school football player*all the right moves TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Lines: The shark still looks fake.*back to the future 2 TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Musicals: The final sequence of this movie featured Kenny Jones instead of Keith Moon:*the kids are Alright TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Tag Lines 2: 1955: Teenage terror torn from today's headlines.*rebel without a cause TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Tag Lines 2: 1995: Gluttony, greed, sloth, envy, wrath, pride, lust.*se7en TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Tag Lines2: 1940: Walt Disney's Technicolor FEATURE triumph!*fantasia TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Tag Lines: 1995: What kind of man would defy a king?*braveheart TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Tag Lines: 1997: A message from deep space. Who will be the first to go?*contact TV/ Movies: Category: Movie That Features: A wife for a million*indecent proposal TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Trivia: Actor originally intended to be Wizard in "Wizard of Oz"*w c fields TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Trivia: Dean Martin's real last name*crocetti TV/ Movies: Category: Movie Trivia: Movie that featured the line "Here's looking at you kid."*casablanca TV/ Movies: Category: Movies: In The Two Jakes, he plays the part of Jake Gittes.*jack nicholson TV/ Movies: Category: Muppet Mania: Name of the muppet that throws boomerang fish*lew TV/ Movies: Category: Muppet Mania: What lived in Ernie's garden (Sesame Street)*twiddle bugs TV/ Movies: Category: Music Movie Trivia: "Arnold" solos this Cole Porter song in Torch Song Trilogy.*love for sale TV/ Movies: Category: Music Movie Trivia: This Gypsy song's footage is thought to be lost forever.*together we go TV/ Movies: Category: Name That Actor: ...who played Mozart in "Amadeus"*tom hulce TV/ Movies: Category: Name That Actor: ...who played Obi Wan Kenobi*alec guiness TV/ Movies: Category: Name That Actor: ...who played The Nutty Professor*jerry lewis TV/ Movies: Category: Name Their Job: Michelangelo Antonioni*film director TV/ Movies: Category: Name Their Network: Sandy Rinaldo*ctv TV/ Movies: Category: PBS TV: What Mystery! series has had the most separate runs (9 through 1996)*inspector morse TV/ Movies: Category: Pop Music On Film: The name of "The Dating Game" show theme by Herb Alpert*spanish flea TV/ Movies: Category: Pop Music On Film: This singer can currently be seen on film in "Little Buddah"*chris isaak TV/ Movies: Category: Power Rangers: Identity of the Green Ranger*tommy TV/ Movies: Category: Pulp Fiction: book that vega read while expunging bodily wastes*madame blair TV/ Movies: Category: Pulp Fiction: color fabienna's toothbrush*red TV/ Movies: Category: Quality Movies: Produced "Howards End" and "The Remains of the Day"*ismael merchant TV/ Movies: Category: Quantum Leap: In "The Beast Within", Sam meets this legendary creature.*bigfoot TV/ Movies: Category: Quantum Leap: The main character, Dr. Sam Beckett, was played by this actor.*scott bakula TV/ Movies: Category: Relatives: Clark Gable's wife*carol lombard TV/ Movies: Category: Robotech: Japanese-translated name of the third storyline arc.*sdb mospeada TV/ Movies: Category: Rush Limbaugh: The name of Rush's newletter.*limbaugh letter TV/ Movies: Category: Sci Fi Movies: He played the captain of the guard in Dune.*patrick stewart TV/ Movies: Category: Simpsons Cartoon: What is Lisa's future occupation according to the CANT test*homemaker TV/ Movies: Category: Sitcoms: City in which Mary Richards lived*minneapolis TV/ Movies: Category: Sports Actors: Who played Lou Gehrig in Pride of the Yankees*gary cooper TV/ Movies: Category: Star Trek Classic: This race is related to the vulcans.*romulans TV/ Movies: Category: Star Trek Deep Space 9: Name of the trill inside Jadzia*dax TV/ Movies: Category: Star Trek Next Gen Chars: The 'bar' on the ship is located on deck *10 TV/ Movies: Category: Star Trek Next Gen Chars: This character was killed by a black oil slick...*yar TV/ Movies: Category: Star Trek Next Gen Tech: Navigational deflector shields are generated by this*main deflector dish TV/ Movies: Category: Star Trek Next Generation: First encounter with Moriarty occurs in this episode*elementary dear data TV/ Movies: Category: Threes Company: Which one of the roommates was a medical professional*terri TV/ Movies: Category: TV Last Names: Family Matters/Carl and Harriet...*winslow TV/ Movies: Category: UK TV: Which Eamonn spoke the first words on GMTV*holmes TV/ Movies: Category: Wizard Of Oz: Chevy Chase movie which takes place in 30's Hollywood.*under the rainbow TV/ Movies: Category: World Of Disney: What color is the fairy that grants Geppetto's wish to bring Pinocchio to life?*blue TV/ Movies: First Class Flicks: Jailed rebel has personality conflict with chain gang warden, plans escape.*cool hand luke TV/ Movies: Fox TV: On 90210: Who are the twins (name1 and name2) *brandon and brenda TV/ Movies: Game Shows: He hosted High Rollers, the Question, Concentration, Wizard of Odds*alex trebek TV/ Movies: Game Shows: Name of the buzzer on "Truth or Consequences".*beulah TV/ Movies: Gen X TV: Name the two curmudgeons in the balcony on "The Muppet Show" (Use and).*statler and waldorf TV/ Movies: Gen X TV: What cousin appeared in the last season making "The Brady Bunch" more annoying *oliver TV/ Movies: Get Smart: Said "People hate; robots love."*hymie TV/ Movies: Get Smart: Smart calls this Chinese KAOS agent "The Craw".*the claw TV/ Movies: Get Smart: This is issued by Control in different flavors every month.*suicide pill TV/ Movies: Good Morning Vietnam stared what actor as Adrian Cronauer*robin williams TV/ Movies: Grease: "Renegade" star who played Tom, characterized as a dumb jock.*lorenzo lamas TV/ Movies: He played the part of King 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The deformed knight had this many heads.*three*3 TV/ Movies: Monty Python: What was the name of the scholary knight at the witch trial *sir bedivere TV/ Movies: Moronic Duo 1: B&B called a 1-900 phone sex line and listened to a woman's all night.*butt TV/ Movies: Mostly Classic Movies: Willis O'Brien, special-effects wizard, did this follow-up to King Kong.*mighty joe young TV/ Movies: Mother Maybelle & the Carter family were regulars in this variety show*johnny cash show TV/ Movies: Movie Actresses: 40s star married to both Charlie Chaplin & Burgess Meredith*paulette goddard TV/ Movies: Movie Actresses: She starred in Casablanca, Gaslight, & Anastasia*ingrid bergman TV/ Movies: Movie Bombs: Gamera fights a stupid-looking monster with a head like a giant blade*gamera vs guiron TV/ Movies: Movie In Which: Billy Crystal and Gregory Hines play Chicago police detectives*running scared TV/ Movies: Movie Quotes: "Wendy....I'm home!"*the shining TV/ Movies: Movie set in 1950's Ireland about three friends and their first loves.*circle of friends TV/ Movies: Movie That Features: Virginia Madsen, Peter O' Toole, Vincent Spano, and Muriel Hemingway*creator TV/ Movies: Movie Theme Songs: Movie that first featured "Whatever Will Be, Will Be"*man who knew too much TV/ Movies: Movie titles: around the world in ___ days*80 TV/ Movies: Movie titles: _____ my way*going TV/ Movies: Movies & Music Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince did a parody of this horror flick with Englund*nightmare on elm street TV/ Movies: Name one of the major stars in "nashville"*scott glenn TV/ Movies: Name the disney cartoon in which the character "belle" appears*beauty & the beast TV/ Movies: Name the only Elvis Presley film in which Elvis did not star*love me tender TV/ Movies: On Captain Midnight, what was Ichabod Mudd's nickname*icky TV/ Movies: On what british sitcom was 'all in the family' based*steptoe & son TV/ Movies: PBS TV: What was the 1989 Mystery! series about US-Soviet intelligence in Germany*game set and match TV/ Movies: Phrase coined to describe Errol Flynn's unmatched success with women*in like flynn TV/ Movies: Pierce Brosnan is a soviet agent (from the Forsyth novel)*the fourth protocol TV/ Movies: Pop Kulture: What is the longest running soap opera still on the air*guiding light TV/ Movies: Power Rangers: Name the robot the Green Ranger controlled*dragonzord TV/ Movies: Quantum Leap: In ep. 87, Sam Leaped into this celebrity who counseled Al about his sex life.*dr. ruth westheimer TV/ Movies: Robotech: Robotech name of the third storyline arc.*the invid invasion TV/ Movies: Seinfield: George's name if he was a porno star*buck naked TV/ Movies: Simpsons: what is the secret ingredient in a flaming moe*cough syrup TV/ Movies: Six man jewelry heist gone bad. Characters with colorful names*reservoir dogs TV/ Movies: Southpark: what is printed on chef's apron*chef TV/ Movies: Star Trek Deep Space 9: Who seeks the advice of a hologram to pursue Kira *odo TV/ Movies: Star Trek Next Gen Chars: This omnipotent letter makes live interesting on the old 1701D.*q TV/ Movies: Star Wars: Original owner of C3PO and R2D2.*biggs TV/ Movies: Tag Lines: 1997: Off the record, on the QT, and very hush-hush*l.a. confidential TV/ Movies: Tarantino: Harvey Keitel had a role similar to the one he had in PF in which film*point of no return TV/ Movies: the bunkers had neighbors who got their own series. Their last name was what*jefferson TV/ Movies: The Hollywood walk of fame star was awarded to "toby wing" for _____*movies TV/ Movies: Theme Songs: Movie that featured "End of the Road"*boomerang TV/ Movies: Theme Songs: Movie that featured "Kiss"*under the cherry moon TV/ Movies: This Clark Gable/Claudette Colbert film kicked butt in 1934*it happened one night TV/ Movies: This is a classic film about a huge gorilla*king kong TV/ Movies: This is the black counterpart to American Bandstand.*soul train TV/ Movies: This movie starring sam neill won best movie in the 1993 cannes film festival*piano* TV/ Movies: TV Actors: Roseanne regular and host of Fernwood 2-Night*martin mull TV/ Movies: TV Actresses: Erica Kand on All My Children*susan lucci TV/ Movies: TV Actresses: Krystle on Dynasty*linda evans TV/ Movies: TV Actresses: Pamela Barnes Ewing on Dallas*victoria principal TV/ Movies: TV Roles: George Jefferson*sherman hemsley TV/ Movies: TV Top Cops: Bochco's classic emmy winning ensemble piece.*hill street blues TV/ Movies: TV Transpo: Name T.C.'s helicopter tour company on "Magnum P.I."*island hoppers TV/ Movies: Twin Peaks: A burning smell is present whenever who is nearby*bob TV/ Movies: What 1988 film sequel brings its characters back to Earth from Antarea*cocoon: the return TV/ Movies: What color was Bullitt's car*green TV/ Movies: What comedy duo appeared on the first broadcast of the toast of the town"*dean martin & jerry lewis TV/ Movies: What does Mel Blanc's headstone say*that's all folks TV/ Movies: What is radar o'reilly's favorite drink*grape nehi TV/ Movies: What is the name of batman & robin's secret hiedout*batcave TV/ Movies: What is the name of the actor who plays "q" in the james bond films*desmond llewelyn TV/ Movies: What is the name of the movie that horace pinker appeared in*shocker TV/ Movies: What is the real name of bo derek*cathleen collins TV/ Movies: What is WC Fields' full name*william claude dunkenfield TV/ Movies: What late 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Movies: What was the first spin off in tv history*the andy griffith show TV/ Movies: What was the name given to robin hood's men in sherwood forest*merry men TV/ Movies: What was the name of lisa's pony in the simpsons*princess TV/ Movies: What was the name of the bartender in the tv series cheers*sam malone TV/ Movies: What was the name of the family in the "blondie" movies*bumstead TV/ Movies: what was the old tarts name in "the golden girls"*blanche TV/ Movies: What was the sequel to 'going my way'*the bells of st mary's TV/ Movies: What was the shape of lolita's sunglasses in the 1962 film*hearts TV/ Movies: What's the first video game to become a television show *pacman TV/ Movies: Whats the first name of batmans butler*alfred TV/ Movies: Where does George Jetson work*spacely space sprockets TV/ Movies: Which 'tarzan' swimmer was the first man to swim a hundred yards in less than a minute*johnny weismuller TV/ Movies: Which 1993 film starred Richard Attenborough *jurassic park TV/ Movies: which famous actor is michael douglas' father*kirk douglas TV/ Movies: Which film featured harold lloyd dangling from a clock tower*safety last TV/ Movies: Which motel chain paid connie frances million as a settlement because she was raped in one of its motels*howard johnson TV/ Movies: Which movie starred glenn close, jeff bridges & robert loggia*jagged edge TV/ Movies: which tv series was david cassidy in*partridge family TV/ Movies: Who created Maudie Frickett*jonathan winters*winters TV/ Movies: who directed 'the shining'*stanley kubrick TV/ Movies: Who directed _Psycho_ and the _The Birds*alfred hitchcock TV/ Movies: Who got million to provide the voice of a baby for a 1990 movie*bruce willis TV/ Movies: Who is featured on 1984s the best of annette*annette funicello TV/ Movies: Who is melanie griffiths married to*antonio banderas TV/ Movies: Who is the anchorperson for channel 17 news*sally vacuum TV/ Movies: Who killed laura palmer (in "twin peaks")*leland palmer TV/ Movies: Who played "Meg Magrath" in Crimes of the Heart*jessica lange TV/ Movies: who played commander riker in 'star trek'*jonathon frakes TV/ Movies: who played god in 'oh god, book ii'*george burns TV/ Movies: who played lestat in 'interview with the vampire'*tom cruise TV/ Movies: Who played lulu hogg on dukes of hazzard*pearl shear TV/ Movies: Who played Major Pappy Boyington in the war drama Baa Baa Black Sheep*robert conrad TV/ Movies: Who played pontius pilate in "the last days of pompeii"*basil rathbone TV/ Movies: who played samantha in "bewitched"*elizabeth montgomery TV/ Movies: Who played sherlock holmes on the pbs series*basil rathbone TV/ Movies: Who played the character of jim rockford in the series the rockford files*james garner TV/ Movies: Who played the role of richard blaine in casablanca*humphrey bogart TV/ Movies: Who played the title role in the 1957 comedy the sad sack*jerry lewis TV/ Movies: who plays kelly in "married with children"*christina applegate TV/ Movies: Who plays ralph furley on threes company*don knotts TV/ Movies: Who starred with john travolta in the movie "broken arrow"*christian slater TV/ Movies: Who threw a badly aimed tomahawk on tv's "tonight show"*ed ames TV/ Movies: Who was born Marion Morrison*john wayne TV/ Movies: Who was Clark Kent*superman TV/ Movies: Who was Daisy the dog's owners*blondie & dagwood bumstead TV/ Movies: Who was nominated for best actress in 1944*greer garson TV/ Movies: who was pinocchio's father*geppetto TV/ Movies: Who was Robin Hood's girlfriend*maid marion TV/ Movies: Who was the voice of Rocket J. Squirrel & Natasha Fatale*june foray TV/ Movies: who were lucy & ricky's next door neighbours & best friends*fred & ethel TV/ Movies: Who won the only Oscar given to the hilarious _A Fish Called Wanda_*kevin kline TV/ Movies: Who won the oscar for best actor in 1931 32*wallace beery TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1928/1929 2nd Academy Awards for the Movie COQUETTE*mary pickford TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1940 13th Academy Awards for the Movie KITTY FOYLE*ginger rogers TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1944 17th Academy Awards for the Movie GASLIGHT*ingrid Bergman TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1947 20th Academy Awards for the Movie THE FARMER'S DAUGHTER*loretta young TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1957 30th Academy Awards for the Movie THE THREE FACES OF EVE*joanne woodward TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1959 32nd Academy Awards for the Movie ROOM AT THE TOP*simone signoret TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1968 41st Academy Awards for the Movie THE LION IN WINTER*katharine hepburn TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1971 44th Academy Awards for the Movie KLUTE*jane Fonda TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1973 46th Academy Awards for the Movie A TOUCH OF CLASS*glenda jackson TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1975 48th Academy Awards for the Movie ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST*louise fletcher TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1982 55th Academy Awards for the Movie SOPHIE'S CHOICE*meryl streep TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1984 57th Academy Awards for the Movie PLACES IN THE HEART*sally field TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1985 58th Academy Awards for the Movie THE TRIP TO BOUNTIFUL*geraldine page TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Leading Role in 1986 59th Academy Awards for the Movie CHILDREN OF A LESSER GOD*marlee matlin TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting Role in 1938 11th Academy Awards for the Movie JEZEBEL*fay Bainter TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting role in 1939 12th Academy Awards for the Movie GONE WITH THE WIND*hattie mcdaniel TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting Role in 1944 17th Academy Awards for the Movie NONE BUT THE LONELY HEART*ethel barrymore TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting Role in 1945 18th Academy Awards for the Movie NATIONAL VELVET*anne revere TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting role in 1956 29th Academy Awards for the Movie WRITTEN ON THE WIND*dorothy malone TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting Role in 1956 29th Academy Awards for the Movie WRITTEN ON THE WIND*dorothy malone TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting role in 1957 30th Academy Awards for the Movie SAYONARA*miyoshi umeki TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting Role in 1959 32nd Academy Awards for the Movie THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK*shelley winters TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting Role in 1960 33rd Academy Awards for the Movie ELMER GANTRY*shirley jones TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting role in 1963 36th Academy Awards for the Movie THE V.I.P.S*margaret rutherford TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting Role in 1975 48th Academy Awards for the Movie SHAMPOO*lee Grant TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting Role in 1981 54th Academy Awards for the Movie REDS*maureen Stapleton TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting Role in 1983 56th Academy Awards for the Movie THE YEAR OF LIVING DANGEROUSLY*linda hunt TV/ Movies: Who won the Oscar for best ACTRESS in a Supporting Role in 1988 61st Academy Awards for the Movie THE ACCIDENTAL TOURIST*geena davis TV/ Movies: Who's brother pulled strings to get her her first movie role*julia roberts' TV/ Movies: Whose figure did Walt Disney use as a model for Tinkerbell*marilyn monroe TV/ Movies: Whose sister, Pamela appeared in the 1988 movie Sleepaway Camp 2*bruce springsteen TV/ Movies: Winning for Mrs Miniver, she took longer than 1.5 hours to say _thanks_*greer garson TV/ Movies: Winona Ryder: Complete the title: "Welcome Home ---- ----------".*roxy carmichael TV/ Movies: ______ street is where big bird & oscar the grouch live*sesame tv: barbara bel geddes won a emmy in 1980 as outstanding lead actress in what drama series?*dallas Tv: dean martin and jerry lewis appeared on the first telecast of this long-running variety show*the ed sullivan show TV: What does ALF stand for*Alien Life Form Tv: what was the favourite dish at mel's diner in alice*chili Tv: who plays "roz" on night court*marsha warfield Two 747's collided here in 1977.*canary islands Two short words are combined to give the name of which small stand with several shelves or layers for displaying ornaments*whatnot under what name did norma jean mortenson become famous?*marilyn monroe Unfriendly, cold and sexually unresponsive*frigid Unscramble the letters of the words "no stamp" into a single english word*postman*tampons UnScramble this Word: a a g d e m n*managed UnScramble this Word: a a j o n v*navajo UnScramble this Word: a a p n a m*panama UnScramble this Word: a c l i i t*italic UnScramble this Word: a d e s h g n*gnashed UnScramble this Word: a d t i s n e*instead UnScramble this Word: a e e e t g n*teenage UnScramble this Word: a e r s o*arose UnScramble this Word: a e s n i t p e l*palestine UnScramble this Word: a i a f n r o c i l*california UnScramble this Word: a i a s l f c*facials UnScramble this Word: a k i d n m n*mankind UnScramble this Word: a l i a m d r*admiral UnScramble this Word: a n a e w b n*wannabe UnScramble this Word: a n n a t m s t a h*manhattans UnScramble this Word: a n r k o*akron UnScramble this Word: a p s r n s w e e p*newspapers UnScramble this Word: a r i k e t c*tackier UnScramble this Word: a r k o e*korea UnScramble this Word: a r l b e b b*babbler UnScramble this Word: a r o s m r t*mortars UnScramble this Word: a s e p r r p*rappers UnScramble this Word: a s e t r r t*restart UnScramble this Word: a s l p e d p*dapples UnScramble this Word: a s o s n r m*ramsons UnScramble this Word: a s t n u p e*peanuts UnScramble this Word: a t i m s b p*baptism UnScramble this Word: a t o b u*about UnScramble this Word: a t s h r o w e m r*earthworms UnScramble this Word: a y f t i b e*beatify UnScramble this Word: b a r u m*burma UnScramble this Word: b r t n o i a o*abortion UnScramble this Word: b s a e n*beans UnScramble this Word: b s i e r a*rabies UnScramble this Word: c d d s a e u*adduces UnScramble this Word: c e r e t l a*treacle UnScramble this Word: c e r u g l a r u t i*agriculture UnScramble this Word: c i e e p*piece UnScramble this Word: c k t b t u o*buttock UnScramble this Word: c p e r e*creep UnScramble this Word: c r e a d*cedar UnScramble this Word: c s e l r s a*scalers UnScramble this Word: c s r h e a r*archers UnScramble this Word: c u p d e i o c*occupied UnScramble this Word: d a h e r*heard UnScramble this Word: d a m y d o r r e*dromedary UnScramble this Word: d c e d d e i*decided UnScramble this Word: d e s e d*deeds UnScramble this Word: d o m e c s m r o o*commodores UnScramble this Word: d o o s c e n*secondo UnScramble this Word: d t e s b e i*betides UnScramble this Word: e a d k b*baked UnScramble this Word: e b u t s c j*subject UnScramble this Word: e d d b n u l*bundled UnScramble this Word: e d t m t o l*mottled UnScramble this Word: e d u d p e t*deputed UnScramble this Word: e e a m n g r*germane UnScramble this Word: e e c s t r f*refects UnScramble this Word: e e l v t w*twelve UnScramble this Word: e e r f t c a b o n*benefactor UnScramble this Word: e e r v n*never UnScramble this Word: e e t h r*there UnScramble this Word: e h a s w h e*heehaws UnScramble this Word: e i a s j r l*jailers UnScramble this Word: e i t s e r c*recites UnScramble this Word: e l a r l e b*relabel UnScramble this Word: e l i m s r a*realism UnScramble this Word: e l i s m w d*mildews UnScramble this Word: e l l y r a*really UnScramble this Word: e l p e s*sleep UnScramble this Word: e m a d i m r*mermaid UnScramble this Word: e m i u e r q*requiem UnScramble this Word: e m u s d r p*dumpers UnScramble this Word: e n f e c*fence UnScramble this Word: e n i w r t*winter UnScramble this Word: e o o c r l*cooler UnScramble this Word: e o r w p*power UnScramble this Word: e o s n a e h l d m*lemonheads UnScramble this Word: e p e d a r d o s*desperado UnScramble this Word: e p i s r r p*rippers UnScramble this Word: e r e e n t r*terrene UnScramble this Word: e r f o t*forte UnScramble this Word: e r i t e m a*meatier UnScramble this Word: e r t h e*three UnScramble this Word: e r z t e s l*seltzer UnScramble this Word: e s l t e b a*beatles UnScramble this Word: e s o s n n l*nelsons UnScramble this Word: e s t a s b r*breasts UnScramble this Word: e s y a k l n*alkynes UnScramble this Word: e t a n n r g*regnant UnScramble this Word: e t i t o m n y s*testimony UnScramble this Word: e u e s n r t*neuters UnScramble this Word: e v o m s i*movies UnScramble this Word: e w o k r n t*network UnScramble this Word: e x b r o g a*gearbox UnScramble this Word: e z o l y b n*benzoyl UnScramble this Word: f e m s y l*myself UnScramble this Word: f y i t f*fifty UnScramble this Word: f y l i l*filly UnScramble this Word: g a i r h e*hegira UnScramble this Word: g i b r o n*boring UnScramble this Word: g r e u u n d o n d r*underground UnScramble this Word: g s e r a s*gasser UnScramble this Word: g y h t e i*eighty UnScramble this Word: h a e r h e t*heather UnScramble this Word: h n g s t i*things UnScramble this Word: h n m u a*human UnScramble this Word: h n y r l e c*lyncher UnScramble this Word: h o e e t l n e p*telephone UnScramble this Word: h r s i s c o i r*cirrhosis UnScramble this Word: h t h o a p g p r o*photograph UnScramble this Word: h u l a g*laugh UnScramble this Word: i a l g f n w*flawing UnScramble this Word: i c u t i b s*biscuit UnScramble this Word: i d e t t s h*shitted UnScramble this Word: i e m l s*smile UnScramble this Word: i e s e r i f d*fireside UnScramble this Word: i g i t n j l*jilting UnScramble this Word: i h e r e t*either UnScramble this Word: i h i m u l t*lithium UnScramble this Word: i l e d a m s*mislead UnScramble this Word: i l t l s*still UnScramble this Word: i n e g v n t*venting UnScramble this Word: i n n s u g o d*sounding UnScramble this Word: i p e e r l s t*reptiles UnScramble this Word: i s a g t n t*tasting UnScramble this Word: i s p s r e u r*surprise UnScramble this Word: i s r d e r a*raiders UnScramble this Word: i s t r e d a*diaster UnScramble this Word: i y c t t s s s i l*stylistics UnScramble this Word: j n a a p*japan UnScramble this Word: k a b l c*black UnScramble this Word: k a o l a*koala UnScramble this Word: k o r c s o*crooks UnScramble this Word: k s a u m n s*unmasks UnScramble this Word: l a i r d f o*florida UnScramble this Word: l d e s r e u*eluders UnScramble this Word: l e p s e e s r*sleepers UnScramble this Word: l e s s a s m o*molasses UnScramble this Word: l g i s g o o*gigolos UnScramble this Word: l h n u c*lunch UnScramble this Word: l i n y l p a*plainly UnScramble this Word: l n d r e b o*blonder UnScramble this Word: l o d u c*could UnScramble this Word: l s o d r*lords UnScramble this Word: l s t m r o a*mortals UnScramble this Word: l t a s d c w i*wildcats UnScramble this Word: l w e r f o*flower UnScramble this Word: l w l o y e*yellow UnScramble this Word: m d g n e s i*smidgen UnScramble this Word: m i n c t o a u c e m*communicate UnScramble this Word: m l s c i i a*islamic UnScramble this Word: m r e o t r e*remoter UnScramble this Word: m s l b d e a*bedlams UnScramble this Word: m t g i h*might UnScramble this Word: n a n e l g e d t*entangled UnScramble this Word: n d l h l o a*holland UnScramble this Word: n d n l a f i*finland UnScramble this Word: n e a s t u s*unseats UnScramble this Word: n e t l e a r*eternal UnScramble this Word: n g d g a r i*grading UnScramble this Word: n g k g w a i*gawking UnScramble this Word: n g p p p o i*popping UnScramble this Word: n g t b t u i*butting UnScramble this Word: n g t f t i i*fitting UnScramble this Word: n h k a s*shank UnScramble this Word: n h k i t*think UnScramble this Word: n l b r e i*berlin UnScramble this Word: n l d s d y u e*suddenly UnScramble this Word: n l o n w u b*unblown UnScramble this Word: n n c n a o*cannon UnScramble this Word: n o r a i o t*ontario UnScramble this Word: n r e g i r a*rangier UnScramble this Word: n r h t e a o*another UnScramble this Word: n r k e s i*sinker UnScramble this Word: n r v e e*never UnScramble this Word: n s e u v*venus UnScramble this Word: n s s w r o e*worsens UnScramble this Word: n t d e o r e*erodent UnScramble this Word: n t o r c e u*recount UnScramble this Word: n t p n t e r i u e*turpentine UnScramble this Word: n u l m d u p e*pendulum UnScramble this Word: n y r g a h u*hungary UnScramble this Word: o a l t c b*cobalt UnScramble this Word: o e n d e c z*cozened UnScramble this Word: o e n p e p r*propene UnScramble this Word: o e o n c r h*coehorn UnScramble this Word: o f e r h o*hoofer UnScramble this Word: o f s u o u c c i n*confucious UnScramble this Word: o g a o o z n g l r*gorgonzola UnScramble this Word: o g i s n d w*dowsing UnScramble this Word: o i c l i c d*codicil UnScramble this Word: o i s r e p n r s*prisoners UnScramble this Word: o k s c r c e w r*corkscrew UnScramble this Word: o m r b d e o*bedroom UnScramble this Word: o n l t e m o*moonlet UnScramble this Word: o r a s p t r*parrots UnScramble this Word: o r k e s t*stoker UnScramble this Word: o r s d e c u*coursed UnScramble this Word: o s l w a a v*avowals UnScramble this Word: o t e r l o*looter UnScramble this Word: o t h d a e g r*goatherd UnScramble this Word: o t h u g b r*brought UnScramble this Word: o t l n g e i i u l*guillotine UnScramble this Word: o u c s k o t n k*knockouts UnScramble this Word: p s n e i*penis UnScramble this Word: q e e e z s u*squeeze UnScramble this Word: r a g l t u p o*portugal UnScramble this Word: r b o y s l e*soberly UnScramble this Word: r c t l a f a*fractal UnScramble this Word: r d g g e d a*dragged UnScramble this Word: r d w f r o a*forward UnScramble this Word: r e s d o t a u p*outspread UnScramble this Word: r e t a h b e*breathe UnScramble this Word: r f a w s e*wafers UnScramble this Word: r h a t e*earth UnScramble this Word: r i n d e d a*drained UnScramble this Word: r l e s e a*reales UnScramble this Word: r m p e l t a*trample UnScramble this Word: r n c e f a*france UnScramble this Word: r p k a s*spark UnScramble this Word: r p p d e g i*gripped UnScramble this Word: r p r o h p s e t e o*troposphere UnScramble this Word: r r e i d d e*derider UnScramble this Word: r r r a e*rarer UnScramble this Word: r t e d p e e*petered UnScramble this Word: r t p c r a o*carport UnScramble this Word: r w e s l c e*crewels UnScramble this Word: r w r o a*arrow UnScramble this Word: r y g u b*rugby UnScramble this Word: s a r d p o e d e*desperado UnScramble this Word: s c b u k*bucks UnScramble this Word: s e c p o r*copers UnScramble this Word: s e l p e a*please UnScramble this Word: s e n c i h e*chinese UnScramble this Word: s i t d m*midst UnScramble this Word: s l b e l*bells UnScramble this Word: s m e r u m*summer UnScramble this Word: s m t i e*times UnScramble this Word: s o b o k*books UnScramble this Word: s o d o r*doors UnScramble this Word: s p r o e*ropes UnScramble this Word: s r o w o r*sorrow UnScramble this Word: s s o h e*shoes UnScramble this Word: s t e w p*swept UnScramble this Word: t a s r w*warts UnScramble this Word: t d i e r*tired UnScramble this Word: t d o m i e h*ethmoid UnScramble this Word: t e d r i n i*nitride UnScramble this Word: t e p c m o e*compete UnScramble this Word: t e r d a o u*outdare UnScramble this Word: t e r e c x e*excrete UnScramble this Word: t k h n a*thank UnScramble this Word: t l e d r e a*related UnScramble this Word: t l n a o e h*ethanol UnScramble this Word: t n a r i*train UnScramble this Word: t n w s e s e e y i*eyewitness UnScramble this Word: t o l o e r w a*waterloo UnScramble this Word: u c k n a s q d i*quicksand UnScramble this Word: u d e n k c l*clunked UnScramble this Word: u e g m u o b l r x*luxembourg UnScramble this Word: u e g r a c o*courage UnScramble this Word: u g i r e p d*pudgier UnScramble this Word: u i a s l b r*burials UnScramble this Word: u i n u t m o p l*plutonium UnScramble this Word: u l a s w o t*outlaws UnScramble this Word: u r e l a n c*nuclear UnScramble this Word: u s i b l i o*bilious UnScramble this Word: u y i g n b s*busying UnScramble this Word: v e t e t e n n s h e*seventeenth UnScramble this Word: v l c o a*vocal UnScramble this Word: v s n e r t a*taverns UnScramble this Word: v s u s e r*versus UnScramble this Word: w d o l u*would UnScramble this Word: w h t a c*watch UnScramble this Word: w r d r e a a*awarder UnScramble this Word: w t r o s*worst UnScramble this Word: y f f i t*fifty UnScramble this Word: y g u o n*young Until 1947, what did 'gripe water' contain*opium Upon his death in 1931, all non essential lights in the U S were turned off for one minute in his honor*thomas edison Upon which river did Babylon stand*euphrates US Captials - Califorina*Sacramento US Captials - Hawaii*Honolulu US Captials - Maine*Augusta US Captials - Minnesota*St. Paul*St Paul US Captials - Mississippi*Jackson US Captials - Missouri*Jefferson City US Captials - New Hampshire*Concord US Captials - Oregon*Salem Usa*usa spain Useless Facts: A Dutch study indicated that 50 percent of the adult Dutch population have never flown in an airplane, and ---------------- percent admitted a fear of flying.*twenty eight*28 Useless Facts: About 60 percent of all American babies are named after -------------*close relatives Useless Facts: According to a recent survey, --------- percent of people who play the car radio while driving also sing along with it.*seventy five*75 Useless Facts: An American Animal Hospital Association survey revealed that -------------- percent of dog owners sign letters or cards from themselves and their dogs.*sixty two*62 Useless Facts: Banging your head against a wall can burn up to ----------- calories per hour.*one hundred and fifty*150 Useless Facts: Butterflies taste with their*feet Useless Facts: During the Spanish American War in 1898, there were 45 stars on the -------------.*american flag Useless Facts: Every time you lick a stamp, you're consuming 1/10 of a*calorie Useless Facts: In 1977, according to the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, there were 14.5 telephone calls made for every 100 people in the ---------------------*entire world Useless Facts: In 1977, less than 9 percent of physicians in the U.S. were -----------*women Useless Facts: In ancient Egypt, Priests _______ EVERY hair from their bodies, including their eyebrows and eyelashes*plucked Useless Facts: It has been estimated that the typical American will spend an average of -------- years of his/her life reading newspapers.*two*2 Useless Facts: King Francis I of France is reported to have paid master artist Leonardo da Vinci 4,000 gold crowns for his masterpiece -------------- but the king did not get immediate possession. Da Vinci kept the painting hanging on a wall of his chateau to the day he died.*mona lisa Useless Facts: Monaco boasts the highest per capita ownership of -------------- in the world. An early 1990s survey put the figure at one for every 65 people.*rolls royces Useless Facts: Since its introduction in February 1935, more than 150 million ----------- board games have been sold worldwide.*monopoly Useless Facts: The ------------------ were the first Asian colony to become independent following World War II. Today the country's population is approximately 60,000,000, and is comprised of many ethnicity. Many citizens are of Malay, Chinese, or Spanish descent.*philippines Useless Facts: The average American will eat 35,000 --------- during their life span.*cookies Useless Facts: The most memorable kiss in a motion picture was in -------------------, according to 25 percent of those polled.*gone with the wind Useless Facts: Two out of three adults in the United States have *hemorrhoids Useless Facts: Zip code 12345 is assigned to -------------- in Schenectady, New York.*general electric Useless Trivia: "Crack" gets its name because it ---------- when you smoke it.*crackles Useless Trivia: ---------- newborn babies will be dropped in the next month.*2,500 Useless Trivia: ---------- of all road accidents in Canada involve a Moose.*0.3% Useless Trivia: ---------- percent of the American population has never visited a dentist.*forty Useless Trivia: ---------- phone calls will be misplaced by telecoms service every minute.*1,314 Useless Trivia: ---------- stands for ' Electrical and Musical Instruments'.*emi Useless Trivia: ---------- was once appointed Special Agent of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs.*elvis presley Useless Trivia: 10% of ---------- fans replace the lenses on their glasses every 5 years whether they need to or not. *star trek Useless Trivia: A ---------- is a village without a church and a town is not a city until it has a cathedral.*hamlet Useless Trivia: A canton is the blue field behind the---------- .*stars Useless Trivia: A female swine, or a sow, will always have a even number of---------- , usually twelve.*nipples Useless Trivia: A group of ---------- is called a Charm.*finches Useless Trivia: A group of ---------- is called a knot.*toads Useless Trivia: A large flawless emerald is worth more than a similarly large flawless---------- .*diamond Useless Trivia: A lifetime supply of all the vitamins you need weighs only about ---------- ounces.*eight*8 Useless Trivia: A man named ---------- Peterson is the inventor of the Egg McMuffin.*ed Useless Trivia: A man's ---------- contains between 7000 and 15,000 hairs.*beard Useless Trivia: A necropsy is an autopsy on---------- .*animals Useless Trivia: A pack-day smoker will approx. lose 2 ---------- every ten years.*teeth Useless Trivia: A pig always sleeps on its ---------- side.*right Useless Trivia: A red-haired man is more likely to go ---------- than anyone else.*bald Useless Trivia: A square mile of fertile earth has ---------- earthworms in it.*32,000,000 Useless Trivia: About ---------- years ago, most Egyptians died by the time they were 30.*300 Useless Trivia: According to Genesis 1:20-22, the chicken came before the---------- .*egg Useless Trivia: According to the Gemological Institute of America, up until 1896, India was the only source for ---------- to the world.*diamonds Useless Trivia: America media mogul Ted Turner owns 5% of---------- .*new mexico Useless Trivia: Americans eat ---------- bananas a year.*12 billion Useless Trivia: An ---------- can stay under water for twenty-eight minutes.*iguana Useless Trivia: Annual growth of ---------- traffic is 314,000%.*www Useless Trivia: Apples, not---------- , are more efficient at waking up in the morning.*caffeine Useless Trivia: Assuming Rudolph was in front, there are 40320 ways to rearrange the other ---------- reindeer.*eight Useless Trivia: At any given time, there are ---------- thunderstorms in progress over the earth's atmosphere.*1,800 Useless Trivia: At birth a panda is smaller than a mouse and weighs about ---------- ounces.*four*4 Useless Trivia: At the equator the Earth spins at about ---------- miles per hour.*1,000 Useless Trivia: Australian Rules football was originally designed to give ---------- something to play during the off season.*cricketers Useless Trivia: Average age of top ---------- executives in 1994: 49.8 years. *gm Useless Trivia: Before 1850, golf balls were made of leather and were stuffed with---------- .*feathers Useless Trivia: Bernard Clemmens of London managed to sustain a ---------- for an officially recorded time of 2 mins 42 seconds.*fart Useless Trivia: Between 1902 and 1907 the same ---------- killed 436 people in India.*tiger Useless Trivia: By ---------- years old, Americans have watched more than nine years of television.*sixty five*65 Useless Trivia: Cattle are the only mammals that are retro-mingent (they pee---------- ).*backwards Useless Trivia: Chances of a white ---------- in New York: 1 in 4*christmas Useless Trivia: City with the most Roll Royces per capita:---------- .*hong kong Useless Trivia: Clark Gable used to shower more than ---------- times a day.*4 Useless Trivia: Cranberries are sorted for ripeness by bouncing them; a fully ripened cranberry can be dribbled like a---------- .*basketball Useless Trivia: Dairy products account for about ---------- of all food consumed in the U.S.*29% Useless Trivia: Despite accounting for just one-fiftieth of body weight, the ---------- burns as much as one-fifth of our daily caloric intake. *brain Useless Trivia: Driving at ---------- miles per hour, it would take 258 days to drive around one of Saturn's rings.*75 Useless Trivia: During a lifetime, one person generates more than 1,000 pounds of ---------- blood cells.*red Useless Trivia: During the Cambrian period, about ---------- years ago, a day was only 20.6 hours long.*500 million Useless Trivia: During the---------- , banks first used Scotch tape to mend torn currency.*depression Useless Trivia: Eosophobia is the fear of---------- .*dawn Useless Trivia: Everytime Beethoven sat down to write music, he poured ---------- water over his head.*ice Useless Trivia: Flamingo ---------- were a common delicacy at Roman feasts.*tongues Useless Trivia: Giant flying foxes that live in ---------- have wingspans of nearly six feet.*indonesia Useless Trivia: Gorillas often sleep for up to ---------- hours a day.*fourteen*14 Useless Trivia: Hairstylist Anthony Silvestri cuts hair while---------- .*underwater Useless Trivia: Howdy Doody had ---------- freckles.*48 Useless Trivia: Human ---------- is estimated to grow at 0.00000001 miles per hour.*hair Useless Trivia: Humans are the only primates that do not have ---------- in the palms of their hands.*pigment Useless Trivia: Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone and hydroxydeoxycorticosterones are the largest---------- .*anagrams Useless Trivia: If ---------- imported just 10% of it's rice needs- the price on the world market would increase by 80%.*china Useless Trivia: If you travel across the Russia, you will cross ---------- time zones.*seven Useless Trivia: If you went out into space, you would explode before you ---------- because there's no air pressure.*suffocated Useless Trivia: Iguanas, ---------- and Komodo dragons all have two penises.*koalas Useless Trivia: In ---------- exists a tribe of tall. white people whose parrots are a warning sign against intruders. *irian jaya Useless Trivia: In 1936, American track star Jesse Owens beat a ---------- over a 100-yard course. The horse was given a head start.*race horse Useless Trivia: In Hartford, Connecticut, it is illegal for a husband to kiss his wife on---------- .*sundays Useless Trivia: In Miami, Florida, roosting vultures have taken to snatching ---------- from rooftop patios.*poodles Useless Trivia: In most---------- , including newspapers, the time displayed on a watch is 10:10.*advertisements Useless Trivia: In the Great Fire of London in 1666, half of London was burnt down but only ---------- people were injured.*six*6 Useless Trivia: In the summer, ---------- get a tan.*walnuts Useless Trivia: In---------- , the colour of mourning is violet *turkey Useless Trivia: Issac Asimov is the only author to have a book in every ---------- -decimal category.*dewey Useless Trivia: It is illegal to hunt ---------- in the state of Arizona.*camels Useless Trivia: It takes about a half a gallon of water to cook macaroni, and about a ---------- to clean the pot.*gallon Useless Trivia: Jackals have one more pair of chromosomes than ---------- or wolves.*dogs Useless Trivia: Jill St. John, Jack Klugman, ---------- , Carol Burnett and Cher have all worn braces as adults.*diana ross Useless Trivia: John ---------- has entered over 5000 contests...and never won anything.*bellavia Useless Trivia: Li Hung-chang is the ---------- of Chop Suey.*father Useless Trivia: Mae West was once dubbed 'The statue of---------- . *libido Useless Trivia: Male ---------- will try to attract sex partners with orchid fragrance.*bees Useless Trivia: Medical researchers contend that no disease ever identified has been completely---------- .*eradicated Useless Trivia: Mice, whales, ---------- , giraffes and man all have seven neck vertebra.*elephants Useless Trivia: Michael Jordan makes more money from ---------- annually than all of the Nike factory workers in Malaysia combined.*nike Useless Trivia: Money is made of woven---------- , not paper.*linen Useless Trivia: Mongolia is the largest ---------- country. *landlocked Useless Trivia: Mongooses were brought to Hawai'i to kill rats. This plan failed because rats are ---------- while the mongoose hunts during the day. *nocturnal Useless Trivia: Most gemstones contain several elements, except the diamond; its all---------- .*carbon Useless Trivia: Native Americans never actually ate turkey; killing such a timid bird was thought to indicate---------- .*laziness Useless Trivia: Pennsylvania was the first colony to legalize---------- .*witchcraft Useless Trivia: Rhinos are in the same family as---------- , and are thought to have inspired the myth of the unicorn. *horses Useless Trivia: Smelling ---------- or green apples can help you lose weight.*bananas Useless Trivia: The ---------- is illegal as a high school sport in all states except Rhode Island.*hammerthrow Useless Trivia: The monastic hours are matins, ---------- , prime, tierce, sext, nones, vespers and compline.*lauds Useless Trivia: The monastic hours are matins, lauds, prime, tierce, sext, nones, ---------- and compline.*vespers Useless Trivia:---------- , whales, elephants, giraffes and man all have seven neck vertebra.*mice Venus has how many moons*0 Video Games: 'Secret of Evermore' was entirely produced in which country?*U.S.A.*usa*America*United States Video Games: The Nintendo 64 was titled under what name during production?*Project Reality Video Games: Which character was introduced in 'Super Street Fighter II'?*Cammy Video Games: Who is Mega Man's creator?*Dr. Light Video Games: Who is the main character in the 'DeathQuest' series?*Lucretzia Video Games: Who said "All life begins and ends with Nu...at least this is my belief for now..."?*Nu Vientiane is the capital of ______*laos Vincent Van Gogh sold exactly one painting while he was alive, what was it*red vineyard at arles Visual representation of individual people, distinguished by references to the subject's character, social position, wealth, or profession.*portraiture Weapon consisting of a long, sharp edged or pointed blade fixed in a hilt (a handle that usually has a protective guard at the place where the handle joins the blade)*sword Weight-loss guru ___ brings his fitness ideas to the little screen*richard What 1,300- foot column of basalt do wyoming indians want to keep people from climbing*devil's tower What 1995 movie was initially banned in malasyia because pigs are offensive to muslims*babe What 2 countries border the Dead Sea*israel and jordan What 80's cartoon was a showcase for 'New Wave' Music videos?*Kidd Video What 80's spin off of a 70's tv show did Martin Lawrence play on?*What's Happening Now What actor played seven roles in no way to treat a lady*rod steiger What actor played the lead in the remake of breathless*richard gere What actor was stung in "the sting"*robert shaw What actress had made a million dollars by the age of 10*shirley temple What actress played mrs margaret williams in the danny thomas show*jean What airport in Uganda was the scene of a rescue drama in 1977*entebbe What animal has red patches on its rear*mandrill What animal is represented by the constellation Lacerta*lizard What animal is represented by the constellation Monoceros*unicorn What animal is thought to have inspired the myth of the unicorn*rhinocerous what animals did hannibal lead over the alps for the first time?*elephants What arabian peninsula nations recently merged under communist leadership*yemen What are a group of gulls called*colony What are elementary particles originating in the sun and other stars, that continuously rain down on the earth*cosmic rays What are people encouraged to kiss under*mistletoe What are scallops*shellfish What are the Amish also known as*pennsylvania dutch What are the annual awards for the best billboards (obies) named after*obelisks What are the Boyoma and Tugela*waterfalls What are the Christian names of the novelist P D James*phyllis dorothy What are the clouds of magellan*galaxies What are the only canines whose hair has a hook (or barb) on each individual follicle*dalmatians What are the only two london boroughs that start with the letter 'e'*ealing What are the separators on a guitar neck called*frets What are the three main types of Greek columns*doric, ionic & corinthian What are the two christian names of HE Bates*herbert ernest What are the world's tallest trees*coast redwoods What are tiny cracks in the glaze of pottery*crackle What artist cut off his right ear*vincent van gogh What australian food was discovered by john macadam*macadamia nuts what averted an arab boycott of the 1948 summer olympics?*israel's exclusion What bird is associated with lundy island*puffin What bird is the offspring of a cob and a pen*swan What body of water is fed from the south by the Wadi Araba & from the north by the river Jordan*the dead sea*dead sea What body organs did mae west say could be an asset if you hide them*brains What body parts are oversized in a man suffering from gynecomastia*breasts What Boston craftsman made George Washington's false teeth*paul revere What boxer played the lead in the broadway musical buck white*muhammad ali What branch of mathematics was devised by Sir Isaac Newton*calculus What brand of footwear is endorsed by dr j*converse What came down on jesus' head after he was baptised*dove What can be measured in angstroms*wavelengths What can't roosters do if they can't fully extend their necks*crow What canadian city was carling beer first brewed in*toronto What car was used in 'back to the future'*de lorean What caused a separation of Baja, California and the rest of Mexico*The San What character did Michael J Fox play in the film Back to the Future*marty mcfly What children's book did Forrest Gump keep in his suitcase?*Curious George What city boasts a world of coca cola pavilion featuring futuristic soda fountains*atlanta What city has the world's largest black population*new york What city in Nepal translates as "wooden temples"*Katmandu What city is the setting for the US sitcom Cheers*boston What city was originally called edo*tokyo What civil war was fought between 1936 and 1939*spanish civil war What cocktail does bourbon, sugar and mint make*mint julep What cocktail is made from vodka and kahlua*black russian What color is the blood of an octopus*pale bluish-green*bluish green What colour does a chameleon turn when its angry*black What colours was the ferrari formula 1 car in the 1964 u.s.a grand prix*blue What committee eventually developed a standard for the 'c' programming language*ansi What company was founded by Sir Allan Lane in 1935*penguin books What completed a journey of 19,500 miles with only three stops in August 1929*the graf zeppelin What continent boasts the greatst number of Roman Catholics*south america What continent is submerged*atlantis What counrty would you visit to ski in the Dolomites*italy What countries are known as the abc powers*argentina brazil chile What country does Paul Hogan come from*australia What country has the third most satellites in orbit*france What country is the world's deepest mine located*South Africa What country lies north of france and south of holland*belgium What country officially limits women to one child*china What country saw the origin of lawn tennis*england What country would a Bulgarian with a good sense of direction walk through to reach Armenia by foot*turkey What country's currency is the bolivar*venezuela What country's people developed the crossbow*china What craft uses a kiln and a kick wheel*pottery What creatures call an apiary home*bees What creatures do the Galapagos islands take their name from*Tortoises What describes one complete turn of a rotating object*revolution What did adolphe sax invent*saxophone What did Americans call the first Cuban in space*castronaut What did aristotle believe the heart was*seat of intelligence What did dan aykroyd and john belushi quit 'saturday night live' to become*blues brothers What did denmark sell to the u.s*virgin islands What did Dr Godfrey invent in 1762*fire extinguisher What did Gabriel Fahrenheit invent*thermometer What did Grace Kelly become in 1956*princess What did Moldavia & Walachia unite to become*romania What did My Favorite Martian have to do before he could become invisible*raise his antenna What did Neptune hold in his hand*trident What did Sir Arnold Lunn begin in Switzerland*slalom skiing What did the "P" in Roscoe P. Coltrane (from Dukes of Hazzard) stand for?*Purvis What did the name 'battenberg' become*mountbatten What did the Oshkosh steamer win*first automobile race What did the shire's reeve become when the concept was brought to the u.s*sheriff What disease is carried by the tsetse fly*sleeping sickness What do diners in a restaurant use to take away their leftovers*doggy bag What do people use to propel kayaks*paddles What do Spanish dancers hold in their hands*castanets What do spiders and ticks have in common*eight legs What do table tennis players change after five points?*Service What do the French call la manche*the english channel What do the letters 'r.e.m.' stand for*rapid eye movement What do the locals call the cloud that covers Table Mountain in Cape Town*tablecloth What do the skunk, magpie and otter have in common they are all*black and white What do trees get 90% of their nutrients from*air What do you call a person whose iq is between 110-120*superior What do you call an emasculated ram, whether or not he wears a bell*wether What do you call the act of putting a word inside another (ie: abso bloody lutely.)*tmesis What document is needed for one to enter a foreign country*passport What does 'majuba' mean*place of rock pidgeons What does 'n.b.a' mean*national basketball association What does 'rio de janeiro' mean in portuguese*january river What does 3 d mean*three dimensional*3 dimensional What does a 'postman' normally receive in kids' party games*kisses What does a botanist study*plants What does a brandophile collect*cigar bands What does a chromophobic fear*certain colors What does a i stand for*artificial intelligence What does a person look like if described as 'wan'*pale-faced What does a phyllophagus animal eat*leaves What does a taxidermist do*stuff animals What does a.n.c stand for*african national congress What does an anemologist study*wind What does an anthropophagist eat*people What does an oologist study*eggs What does an optician make*spectacles What does bette davis' headstone say*she did it the hard way What does blt stand for*bacon, lettuce, tomato What does BMW stand for?*Bavarian Motor Works What does breaking the sound barrier cause*a sonic boom what does britain lose the lease on in 1997?*hong kong What does cobol stand for*common business oriented language What does jefferson davis' headstone say*at rest, an american soldier and What does lacrimal fluid lubricate*eyes What does the acronym "cpu" stand for*central processing unit What does the computer acronym IKBS stand for*intelligent knowledge based system What does the navajo term 'kemo sabe' mean*soggy shrub What does the pancreas produce*insulin What does the word chicane mean in the context of a game of bridge*a hand without any trumps What does v.s.o.p. stand for on a bottle of brandy*very superior old pale What does VAX stand for*Virtual Access eXtension What dog shares his owner with Garfiled the Cat?*Odie What drug is obtained from the poppy plant*opium What eighties TV show starred Bruce Willis in a detective agency?*Moonlighting What event was the interview of the Natural Born Killer, Mickey, to be held during?*The Superbowl What ex-girl friend of prince andrew appeared naked on screen*koo stark What falls out with phalacrosis*hair What famous classical composer continued to compose great music after becoming deaf*Beethoven What famous classical composer continued to compose great music after becoming deaf?*Beethoven What FBI agent tracked Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd to Ohio, where Floyd died*melvin purvis What firm markets the B25 microcomputer*burroughs What flag flies over gibraltar*union jack What flower produces pink and white flowers in alkaline soil*hydrangea What football team was previously known as the frankford yellow jackets*philadelphia eagles What foreign country's phone book is alphabetized by first name*Iceland What form of light comes at wavelengths below 360 nanometers*ultra violet What french painter was the subject of somerset maugham's 'the moon and sixpence'*gauguin What french phrase means 'well informed'*au courant What fruit is usually used to make Marmalade?*Orange What game challenges you to "double in" & "double out"*darts What game of chance was originally called 'Beano'*Bingo What game tiles were first made with a pocket knife*scrabble What German city is best known for its Oktoberfest*munich What german philosopher claimed morality required a belief in god and freedom*immanuel kant What have over 80% of boxers suffered*brain damage What hit lp did rockpile release in 1980*seconds of pleasure What hobby was developed by the palmer paint company*painting by numbers What indian tribe is associated with "the trail of tears"*cherokee What instrument do doctors usually have around their necks*stethoscope What instrument on a car measures distance*odometer What is 'sapodilla' a type of*fruit What is 240 minutes in hours*four*4 What is a 'crossbuck'*an x What is a 'niblick'*golfer's nine iron What is a 'tandoor'*clay oven What is a bridge hand with no cards in one suit called*void What is a chihuahua named after*mexican state What is a conundrum*riddle What is a female ferret*jill What is a flat, round hat sometimes worn by soldiers*beret What is a flowering plant that lives three or more years called*perennial What is a group of ants*colony What is a group of bass*shoal What is a group of boars*singular What is a group of buffalo*gang What is a group of cockroaches*intrusion What is a group of curs*cowardice What is a group of grouse*pack What is a group of hyenas*cackle What is a group of larks called*exaltation What is a group of leopards called*leap What is a group of monkeys*troop What is a group of pheasant*nest What is a group of ponies*string What is a group of roe deer*bevy What is a group of this animal called: Ape*shrewdness What is a group of this animal called: Chicken*brood*peep What is a group of this animal called: Dove*dule What is a group of this animal called: Greyhound*leash What is a group of this animal called: Jellyfish*smack What is a group of this animal called: Swan*bevy*herd*lamentation*wedge What is a group of this animal called: Swine*sounder*drift What is a group of this animal called: Woodpecker*descent What is a leech a type of*worm What is a male sheep*ram What is a male swine called (giggle no ex boyfriends names...)*boar What is a male whale called*bull What is a mamba*a snake What is a myocardial infarct*heart attack What is a nibong a type of*palm tree What is a noggin*a small cup What is a portuguese man o' war*jellyfish What is a pregnant goldfish*twit What is a pyrotechnic display*fireworks What is a regurgitation of acid from the stomach into the aesophagus*heartburn What is a spat*baby oyster What is a tightrope walker*funambulist What is a tombstone inscription called*epitaph What is a triangle with a 90 degree angle in it called*right angled triangle What is a turkey's wishbone*furcula What is a two-humped dromedary*camel What is a young goose called*gosling what is a young lion called?*cub What is ambergis used in the making of*perfume What is an angle greater than 90 degrees*obtuse What is an extra lane on an uphill stretch of motorway provided for slow-moving vehicles called*crawler lane What is an instrument for indicating the depth of the sea beneath a moving vessel called*bathometer What is another name for crude oil*black gold What is bed-wetting*enuresis What is black gold*crude oil What is borscht*soup What is BSE in humans called*cjd what is epidaurus famous for?*greek theatre What is halloween*all hallow's eve What is having a hole drilled through the cranium supposedly enabling people to reach a higher state of consciousness*trepanning What is interpol*international criminal police What is known as the " Palace of the Peak"*chatsworth house What is MacGyver's first name?*Stace What is made with a mix of charcoal, saltpetre and sulphur*gunpowder What is Mr. Roger's first name*fred What is name of the tubes that connect the ear & throat*eustachian What is one of the items that the wood of the sycamore tree is used for*boxes What is podobromhidrosis*smelly feet What is Pogonophobia the fear of*Beards what is raku?*japanese pottery What is Rapec*type of snuff What is schizophrenia*hallucinations & delusions What is the 'pound' or 'number' symbol on the telephone*octothorpe What is the actual vat in Romania*19% What is the address Donald Duck lives at*1313 webfoot walk, duckburg, calisota What is the approximate speed of light*186,000 miles per second What is the aquatic nickname of Schubert's Piano Quintet in A*the trout quintet What is the astrological sign for death*pluto What is the average lifespan of a major league baseball*five to seven What is the average temperature (f) at the South Pole*minus fifty six*56 What is the base twenty numbering system*vigesimal What is the basic flavouring of kahlua*coffee What is the better known name of writer Madame Dudevant*george sand What is the birthplace (city) of the late John Candy*Toronto What is the capital city of the Middle East state of Qatar*doha What is the capital of albania*tirana What is the capital of australia*canberra What is the capital of Australia*canberra What is the capital of connecticut*hartford What is the capital of Florida*tallahassee What is the capital of ireland*dublin What is the capital of luxembourg*luxembourg What is the capital of morocco*rabat What is the capital of norway*oslo What is the capital of Tasmania*hobart What is the capital of tennessee*nashville What is the capital of the Canadian province of British Columbia*victor1a What is the capital of the US state of Delaware*dover What is the capital of Venezuela*caracas What is the Capital of: American Samoa *pago pago What is the Capital of: Benin *porto-novo What is the Capital of: Brazil *brasilia What is the Capital of: Cambodia *phnom penh What is the Capital of: Costa Rica *san jose What is the Capital of: Czech Republic *prague What is the Capital of: Ecuador *quito What is the Capital of: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) *stanley What is the Capital of: Fiji *suva What is the Capital of: Gibraltar *gibraltar What is the Capital of: Guadeloupe *basse-terre What is the Capital of: Hungary *budapest What is the Capital of: Jamaica *kingston What is the Capital of: Libya *tripoli What is the Capital of: Mauritania *nouakchott What is the Capital of: Netherlands *amsterdam What is the Capital of: Oman *muscat What is the Capital of: Portugal *lisbon What is the Capital of: Slovenia *ljubljana What is the Capital of: Sudan *khartoum What is the Capital of: Swaziland *mbabane What is the Capital of: Tonga *nuku'alofa What is the Capital of: Turkey *ankara What is the chemical name for water*hydrogen oxide What is the chief monetary unit of Croatia*kuna What is the circle of the earth at 0 degrees latitude*equator What is the closest relative of the manatee*elephant What is the collective noun for a group of crows*murder What is the collective noun for a group of tigers*an ambush What is the colour of the maple leaf on the Canadian flag*red What is the common name for corporations formed to act as trustees according to the terms of contracts known as trust agreements?*Trust companies What is the common name for the marine animals asteroidea*starfish What is the common name given to the larvae of a crane fly*leatherjackets What is the common term for the condition monochromatism*colour blindness What is the connection between Good Times and Different Strokes?*Janet Jackson What is the connection between Jeffersons and Good Times?*Janet Dubois What is the correct name for an animal's pouch*marsupium What is the criminal number of sideshow bob in 'the simpsons'*24601 what is the currency of venezuela?*bolivar What is the current vat rate in south africa*14% What is the discharge of a liquid from a surface, usually pores or incisions*exudation What is the drink 'Southern Comfort' flavoured with*peaches What is the drug that is used to treat Parkinson's disease*dopamine What is the drummer's name in 'the muppet show'*animal What is the eighth month of the year*august What is the English statute of 1689 guaranteeing the rights & liberty of the individual subject*bill of rights What is the fastest fish in the world*sailfish What is the fear of being tickled by feathers known as*pteronophobia What is the fear of certain fabrics known as*textophobia What is the fear of children known as*pedophobia What is the fear of clouds known as*nephophobia What is the fear of computers known as*logizomechanophobia What is the fear of darkness known as*lygophobia What is the fear of dreams known as*oneirophobia What is the fear of fears known as*pantophobia What is the fear of flying known as*pteromerhanophobia What is the fear of food or eating known as*sitophobia What is the fear of germs known as*spermophobia What is the fear of ghosts known as*phasmophobia What is the fear of glass known as*nelophobia What is the fear of hospitals known as*nosocomephobia What is the fear of ice or frost known as*pagophobia What is the fear of illness known as*nosemaphobia What is the fear of light flashes known as*selaphobia What is the fear of lockjaw, tetanus known as*tetanophobia What is the fear of many things known as*polyphobia What is the fear of mice known as*musophobia What is the fear of movement or motion known as*kinetophobia What is the fear of one thing known as*monophobia What is the fear of outer space known as*spacephobia What is the fear of pregnancy or childbirth known as*tocophobia What is the fear of rabies known as*kynophobia What is the fear of rabies or of becoming mad known as*lyssophobia What is the fear of satan known as*satanophobia What is the fear of sexual perversion known as*paraphobia What is the fear of shellfish known as*ostraconophobia What is the fear of suffering and disease known as*panthophobia What is the fear of technology known as*technophobia What is the fear of wet dreams known as*oneirogmophobia What is the first letter of the Russian alphabet*a What is the first name of the inventor of braille*louis What is the first name of Webster, the man who published a dictionary still used today *noah What is the flower that stands for: affection*mossy pear What is the flower that stands for: affection*mossy saxifrage What is the flower that stands for: aversion*indian single pink What is the flower that stands for: betrayal*judas tere What is the flower that stands for: boldness*pink What is the flower that stands for: bonds*convolvulus What is the flower that stands for: concealed love*motherwort What is the flower that stands for: dangerous pleasures*tuberose What is the flower that stands for: decrease of love*yellow rose What is the flower that stands for: devotion*heliotrope What is the flower that stands for: difficulties that i surmount*mistletoe What is the flower that stands for: divine beauty*american cowslip What is the flower that stands for: early friendship*blue periwinkle What is the flower that stands for: early youth*primrose What is the flower that stands for: elegance and grace*yellow jasmine What is the flower that stands for: envy*crane's bill What is the flower that stands for: poverty*evergreen clematis What is the flower that stands for: remembrance*rosemary What is the flower that stands for: retaliation*scotch thistle What is the flower that stands for: silliness*fool's parsley What is the flower that stands for: sincerity*fern What is the flower that stands for: splendid beauty*amarylis What is the flower that stands for: strength*cedar What is the flowering shrub Syringa usually called*lilac What is the former name of Istanbul*constantinople What is the former name of the Russian city Volgograd*stalingrad What is the French term for "d day"*j What is the french word for 'mistake'*faux pas What is the full name of the creator of "Jeeves & Wooster"*pelham grenville wodehouse What is the heaviest element*uranium What is the honeymoon capital of the world*niagara falls what is the international telephone code for the uk?*44 What is the largest (in population) state/territory in Australia*new south wales What is the largest city in Texas*houston What is the largest gland in the human body*liver What is the largest inhabited castle*windsor castle What is the largest island in Asia*borneo What is the largest item on any menu in the world*roast camel What is the largest lake in Central America*lake nicaragua What is the largest lake in the u.s*superior What is the largest landlocked country*mongolia What is the largest lizard*komodo dragon What is the largest ocean*pacific ocean What is the latin phrase meaning 'in the original arrangement'*in situ What is the leaf of a fern called*frond What is the longest English word that only has one vowel*strengths What is the longest insect*walking stick What is the longest river in Scotland*tay What is the longest river in the world*nile What is the longest running race at the olympic games*marathon What is the longest strait in the world*malacca What is the longest thing an "abseiler" carries with him*rope What is the main ingredient in an omelet*egg What is the main ingredient of most shampoos*water What is the maximum number of degrees in an obtuse angle*one hundred and What is the more popular narne of the plants belonging to the genus galanthus*snowdrop What is the Morse code representation for the letter T*single dash What is the most air polluted city in the united states*los angeles What is the most commonly spoken language in India*hindi What is the most essential tool in astronomy*telescope What is the most important mineral for strong bones & teeth*calcium What is the most westerly county of Ireland*kerry What is the name for a sexual disorder in which a person obtains gratification by receiving physical pain or abuse*masochism What is the name for music that is transmitted orally or aurally (taught through performance rather than with notation, and learned by hearing)*folk What is the name given to Indian food cooked over charcoal in a clay oven*tandoori What is the name given to the fortified gateway of a castle*barbican What is the name given to thin pieces of crisp toast*melba What is the name given to young deer*fawns What is the name of a device used to stem the flow of blood?*tourniquet What is the name of a formal, written accusation of crime against a person, presented by a grand jury to a court, and upon which the accused person is subsequently tried*indictment What is the name of Jonny Quest's Dog*Bandit What is the name of Mr.Krane's dog on Frasier?*Eddie. What is the name of the capital of Alberta (Canada)*edmonton What is the name of the capital of Saskatchewan (canada)*regina What is the name of the detective in john dickson carr novels*gideon fell What is the name of the Dukes of Hazzards car?*General Lee What is the name of the Freelings' dog in "Poltergeist"?*Ebuzz What is the name of the fruit that looks like a hairy lychee*rambutan What is the name of the group of Muslim scholars who have fought for control of Afghanistan in recent years*taliban What is the name of the island that separates the two waterfalls at Niagara*goat island What is the name of the man who gave his name to the World Cup Trophy*david rimet What is the name of the official residence of the president of France*the elysee palace What is the name of the pig that Jim Davis draws*orson What is the name of the spaceship in the film 'Alien'*nostromo What is the name of the Tokyo Stock Market Index*nikkei What is the next-to-next-to-last event*antepenultimate What is the nickname for Alaska*land of the midnight sun What is the nickname for Kentucky*bluegrass state What is the nickname for North Dakota*sioux state What is the number of blue razor blades a given beam can puncture*gillette What is the occupation of Mary Poppins*nanny What is the official language of new caledonia*french What is the only 'real food' astronauts can take into space*pecan nuts What is the only bird that can fly backwards?*Hummingbird What is the only country with a bible on its flag*dominican republic What is the only English word formed by the first three letters of the alphabet*cab What is the only English word that ends in the letters "mt"*dreamt What is the only female animal that has antlers*caribou What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature*mercury What is the only word in the English language that ends in the letters 'mt'*dreamt What is the point value of the 'f' in scrabble *four*4 What is the proper term for a guinea-pig*cavy What is the ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium*mach speed What is the real name of the 'man of arms' in 'He man and the Masters of the Universe'*Duncan What is the relatively constant, but dynamic internal environment necessary for life*homeostasis What is the roughly circular hollow feature on the top of a volcano called*caldera What is the sacred animal of India*cow What is the saltiest sea in the world*dead sea What is the seventh day of the week*saturday What is the shape of the pasta 'tortlloni' based on*venus's navel What is the shape of the US President's office*oval What is the shortest and bloodiest of Shapespeare's plays*macbeth What is the significance of the moth found in the Harvard Mark I computer*First computer "bug" What is the singular of dice*die What is the slogan on New Hampshire license plates*live free or die What is the slowest moving land mammal*sloth What is the speed of light*186,000 miles per second What is the study of animals known as*zoology What is the study of mankind called*anthropology What is the study of prehistoric plants & animals called*paleontology What is the study of word origins*etymology What is the substance obtained from acacia trees that is used in medicine*gum arabic What is the sum of 2y + 32y + 56y*ninety y*90y What is the sum of 9685z + 235z - 1800z + 2z*8122z What is the symbol of the democratic party*donkey What is the throwing event making up part of the ancient greek pentathlon, in which a circular object had to be thrown*discus What is the traditional trade of aspiring bullfighters*bricklaying What is the transformation of inhospitable planets into hospitable ones*terraforming What is the tribal african word for dowry*lobola What is the unit of currency in Hungary*forint What is the US equivalent of the S.A.S.*delta force What is the widest-ranging ocean bird*albatross What is the world's deepest lake?*Lake Baikal What is the world's largest rodent*capybara What is the young of this animal called: Rat*kitten What is the young of this animal called: Shark*cub What is the young of this animal called: Turkey*poult What is the young of this animal called: Zebra*foal What is tina turner's real name*annie mae bullock What is tuberculosis*consumption What is uruguay's chief port*montevideo What is usually served at bedouin feasts*roast camel What is Venezuela named after?*Venice What is William Hague's middle name*jefferson What island group is off the east coast of southern South America*falkland islands What Italian city is considered the fashion capital?*Milan What keeps one from crying when peeling onions*chewing gum What kind of 'mate' produces a tie in a chess game*stalemate What kind of animal has a tail pinned on it in a birthday party game*donkey What kind of animal was Rikki Tikki Tavi in The Jungle Book*mongoose What kind of animals are impalas, elands & kudus*antelopes what kind of cat is used in purina(tm) commercials?*white persian What kind of clay can potters heat to a higher temperature earthenware or stoneware*stoneware What kind of condition is 'protanopia'*colour blindness What kind of creature is a funnel web*spider What kind of creature is a Lorikeet*a parrot what kind of dog was "rin tin tin"?*german shepherd what kind of gun does the movie's "dirty harry" pack?*magnum What kind of music does an "MOR" radio station play*middle of the road What kind of nuts are ground up to make marzipan*almonds What kind of pain is a migraine*headache What kind of shoe is nailed above the door for good luck*horseshoe What kind of sword did Thundar the Barbarian have?*A Sun Sword What kind of tradesman uses a 'plunger'*a plumber What late television commentator closed with "good night and good luck"*edward r murrow What legendary monster does Seattle secretary Katie Martin believe to be the father of her furry faced son*bigfoot what legendary us magazine publisher was born in tengchow, china?*henry luce What loaded gaming devices were found in the ruins of Pompei*dice What lollies are well known for rolling down the aisles at the movies*jaffas What made up the Bouquet in the 70's TV series starring Susan Penhaligon*barbed wire What magazine was the first to be distributed widely through grocery stores*family circle What major city is served by Gatwick Airport*london What major law was violated in the movie Smokey and the Bandit?*Smuggling beer What make and model of car does Nash Bridges drive?*A 1971 Plymouth Barracuda convertible. What makes a solution saline*salt What makes brown bread healthier than white bread*wholemeal What mammal moves so slowly that green algae can grow undisturbed on it's fur*sloth What media format did the denon company help pioneer*compact discs What metal forms one twelfth of the earth's crust*aluminium What mixture is used to calm crying babies What motto ends merrie melodies cartoons*that's all folks What movie featured Reece's Pieces as a crucial part of the story, because the director couldn't obtain the rights to use M&M's?*E.T. What muscles provide about 200 pounds of force*jaw muscles What name is given to an isolated mountain peak protruding through an ice sheet*nunatuk What name is given to the blend of Black China and Darjeeling teas, flavoured with oil of Bergamot*earl grey What name is given to the broad gap between the outermost and the brightest of Saturn's rings *cassini division What name is given to the effect that the Earth is gradually becoming warmer*global warming What name is given to the study of living things in their environment*ecology What name is popularly applied to twins congenitally united in a manner not incompatible with life or activity?*siamese twins What name was given to the 8th century Muslim invaders of Spain*moors What nation is nicknamed the 'regaa boyz'*jamaica What nationality is designer Karl Lagerfield*german What nationality is the keyboards wizard Vangelis*greek What nationality was actress Greta Garbo*swedish What nationality was the first person who walked in space*russian What natural disasters are ranked in severity by the Saffir Simpson scale*hurricanes What neighbouring country did Iraq go to war with in 1980*iran what new york city avenue divides the east side from the west side?*fifth avenue What New York street is famous for its theatres*broadway What New Zealand native invented bungee jumping?*AJ Hackett What New Zealand native was the first man to climb Mt. Everest*Sir Edmund What NFL team was formerly known as the Portsmouth Spartans*detroit What Northeastern European country's capital is Tallinn?*Estonia What northern country Helsinki the capital of*finland What novel by Geoffrey Household was about an attempt to kill Hitler*rogue male What novel was alexandra ripley hired to pen a sequel to*gone with the wind What number does VII mean in roman numerals*seven*7 What number is at 6 oclock on a dartboard*three*3 What operating system in used on an ibm as400*os400 What organ of the body is particularly affected by hepatitis*liver What organ will most often suffer permanent damage if you have amoebic dysentery*the liver*liver What organization helped defend earth in "ultra man"*science patrol What organization was given the only Nobel Peace Price awarded during World War I?*The Red Cross What other common name is given to a rook in chess*castle What part of the body does arthritis particularly affect*the bone joints What part of the body has a crown, a neck & a root*tooth What part of the body is particularly affected by pneumonia*lungs What part of your body is elastic, waterproof, washable & fits you very well*skin What peace treaty ended WWI*treaty of versailles What peninsula does Mexico occupy*yucatan peninsula*yucatan What percentage of alcohol is contained in a 100 proof mixture*fifty*50 What period is the age of fish*devonian What physical disability is also known as nanism*the condition of being a dwarf What piano man used to play for Bette Middler and then went on to his own career and made Hits like "Mandy" and "Copacabana"*barry manilow What piece of music commemorates military action that took place on 16th May 1943*the dam busters What plane did Aerospatiale of France & the British Aircraft Corp. develop*the concord*concord What portuguese territory will revert to china in 1999*macao What position does a sloth spend its day in*upside down what president's hobbies included pitching hay, fishing, and golf?*calvin coolidge What presidential ticket was dubbed bozo and the pineapple*gerald ford and What product is sold with "just for the taste of it"'*diet coke What protein makes blood red*haemoglobin what queen did edmund spenser dedicate his faerie queene to?*elizabeth i What race's runners refer to the noisy section along wellesley college as the "screech tunnel"*the boston marathon What relation was Queen Victoria to George III*granddaughter What releases an explosive charge of air that moves at speeds up to 60 mph*cough What religion follows the teachings of the prophet Mohammed*islam What religious movement did joseph smith found*mormonism what religious movement did joseph smith found?*mormonism What replaced English as the official language of Kenya in 1974*swahili What represent the body and blood of Christ in the service of Holy Communion*bread and wine What reptilian feature evolved in feathers*scales What rifle accessory originated in Bayonne, France, in 1641*bayonet what river divides the dutch capital of amsterdam in two?*amstel What river does the Grand Coulee Dam dam*columbia What river had 40 million fish killed by insecticide in 1969*rhine What river was Francisco de Orellano the first to travel the length of*amazon What rock group uses roman numerals on all of its album covers*chicago What scandinavian country owned iceland from 1262 to 1944*denmark What sea creature uses its chest as a table while floating on its back*sea What sea is between italy and yugoslavia*adriatic What seaport's name is spanish for 'white house'*casablanca What sentence uses every letter of the alphabet*the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog What sequence is this the start of: 2 4 6 8 10 12 14*even numbers What serious umderwater ailment was named after a Victorian notion of chic posture*the bends*bends What sexually ambigious prisonmate was often dubbed "Mrs. Hitler"*rudolf hess What shakespearean king was actually king of scotland for 17 years*macbeth What Shakespearean play features Iago*othello What shape are playing cards in India*round What short lived TV western did Rod Serling produce after Twilight Zone*loner What show did Claire Danes get her start on?*My So-Called Life What show was a spin-off of Transformers?*Go-Bots What show/game has characters such as bulbasaur and pikachu*pokemon What sinatra hit did he dooby dooby do in*strangers in the night What singer's February 6th birthday is a national holiday in Jamaica?*Bob Marley What sitcom was "The Facts of Life" a spinoff of?*Different Strokes What small Arctic rodents are said to, but don't, commit suicide in mass plunges into the sea*lemmings What song did bobby hebb sing to his brother in 1966*sunny What soprano simply titled her autobiography beverly*beverly sills What soul great appears in the flick Ski Party*james brown What South American country produces the most coffee*brazil What Spanish artists surrelistic paintings feature items such as clock faces*salvador dali What Spanish islands are Gomera, Hierro & Lanzarote a part of*canary islands*canary What sport do the Kansas City monarchs participate in*baseball What sport does "FISA" govern*auto racing What sport uses barrier stalls*horse racing What sport was observed by Captain James Cook in 1771*surfing What state has the most workers employed by the travel & tourism industry*california What state is 'the hoosier state'*indiana What state is mount mckinley in*alaska What state is only part of the U S by treaty*texas What stretch of water seperates Australia from Tasmania*bass strait What struck honshu island, japan in 1934 killing 4,000 people*typhoon What structure in the back of the brain governs motor control*cerebellum*the cerebellum What style of dancing was popularized with rap music?*Break Dancing What subject did Mr. Chips teach*latin What talk show hostess gave her guests the fewest opportunities to speak, according to a 1996 msu survey*oprah winfrey What technique did Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards pioneer*in vitro fertilization What ten volume tome did Victor Hugo give the world in 1862*les miserables What term describes the study of the behaviour of materials and substances at very low temperatures*cryogenics What term is given to that part of the Earth which can support life*biosphere What term is used to describe the process of extracting poison from snakes*milking What term was used from 1914 onwards to describe music emanating from New Orleans*jazz What Texan slammed back more bourbon and branch water than any character in TV history?*j. r. ewing What the most north-eastern state of the contiguous u.s*maine What three words mean the same as 5,880,000,000,000 miles*one light year What tropic passes through Mexico*cancer What TV personality did Doritos commercials?*Jay Leno What two characters from Sesame Street got their names from the movie "It's a Wonderful Life"*bert and ernie What two countries were known as "the yellow peril" in the 1890's *china & japan*japan & china What type of animal was selected to test the first electric toothbrush*the dog*dog What type of craft is the u.s's airforce one*boeing 747 What type of insect performs a waggle dance*hive bee What type of metal is used in the filament of an electric light bulb*tungsten What type of number describes the ratio of the speed of a plane to the speed of sound*mach What type of scientific equipment was named after the german Bunsen*burner What type of storm has a central calm area, called the eye, which has winds spiraling inwardly*hurricane What U S state was once an independent republic*texas What u.s. vice-president said 'some newspapers dispose of their garbage by printing it'*spiro agnew What units are used to measure the size of pearls*grains What US state includes the telephone area code 503*oregon What US state includes the telephone area code 504*louisiana What us state includes the telephone area code 612*minnesota What us state includes the telephone area code 615*tennessee What US state includes the telephone area code 703*virginia What vehicles are involved in the 'Tour de France'?*Bicycles What vitamin deficiency causes rickets*vitamin d What war did Joan of Arc's inspirational leadership help end*the hundred What was 1990s most populous U S state*california What was A.A. Milne's first name*alan What was Al Bundy's nickname during the dream sequence with all of the women in his bedroom?"Al night long What was Al Capone's favorite bullet proof car*cadillac What was al capone's favorite bullet-proof car*cadillac What was ALF's girlfriend from Melmac's name?*Rhonda What was astronaut edwin aldrin's nickname*buzz What was discovered at Sutter's Mill, California in 1848*gold What was Donald Fagen's first solo album title (1982)?*The Nightfly What was elvis presley's twin brother's first name*garon What was first sold at the 1904 St Louis worlds fair*ice cream cones What was formerly called the Christian Revival Association and the East London Christian Mission*salvation army What was JFK's nickname for his daughter Caroline?*Buttons What was Lestat's mother's name?*gabrielle What was Louise Joy Brown the first of*test tube baby What was Maggie Seaver's maiden name on Growing Pains?*Maggie Malone What was Massachusetts' logical choice for an official state dessert, in 1996*boston cream pie What was originally called the pluto platter*frisbee What was Potsie's last name on Happy Days*weber What was rembrandt's surname*van rijn what was richard bach's best selling book?*jonathan livingston seagull What was Rizzo's real name in Grease?*Betty What was robert montgomery's profession*actor what was Rocky Balboa's nickname in the ring?*the italian stallion What was st. paul's trade before he converted*tent-maker What was Terry's surname in the television series Minder.*mccann What was the challanging method of catching a fly in Karate Kid?*Using chopsticks What was the country of Botswana called before 1966*bechuanaland What was the famous line uttered by an old woman in Wendy's ads?*Where's The Beef? What was the first commercial readymix food*pancake mix What was the first computer software company to go public on the New York Stock Exchange?*Cullinet what was the first disney film to feature stereophonic sound?*fantasia What was the first motion picture to have a synchronized musical score*Don What was the first name of the baby girl who fell down the well?*Jessica What was the first u.s consumer product sold in the soviet union*pepsi cola What was the first video Mtv played?*Video Killed the Radio Star What was the former German name of the Czech town of Ceske Budejovice*budweis What was the former name of Burkina Faso in Africa*upper volta What was the leading cause of death in the late 19th century*tuberculosis What was the name (4 letters) of the New York night club that helped launch the career of several early new wave groups?*CBGB's What was the name of Eddie Murphy's character in Beverly Hills Cop?*Axel Foley what was the name of jacques cousteau's research ship?*calypso What was the name of jim henson's muppet hound on the jimmy dean show*rowlf What was the name of King Arthur's sword*excalibur What was the name of Norman Beaton's barber's shop which was also the title of the TV series*desmond's What was the name of the actress who played "Melonie" on the show "Webster and Melonie"?*Heather O' Rourke What was the name of the bar that the characters from "Three's Company" frequented?*Regal Beagle What was the name of the bartender on The Love Boat?*Isaac Washington What was the name of the detective agency in Moonlighting?*Blue Moon Detective Agency What was the name of the first synthetic plastic made in 1908*bakelite What was the name of the helicopter service that was the cover for Airwolf?*Santini Air What was the name of the home that Sofia Patrillo lived in before moving in with her daughter on the Golden Girls.*Shady Pines What was the name of the I.B.M. computer which played Chess against Gary Kasparov*deep blue What was the name of the monster that attacked Luke in the trash compactor in Star Wars?*A dianogaIn What was the name of the movement founded by the Pole Lech Walesa*solidarity What was the name of the multi-colored cube you had to re-organize?*Rubik Cube What was the name of the operatic diva who gave her name to a peach dessert*dame nellie melba What was the name of the Other short-lived spinoff of "Three's Company"*"Three's a Crowd" What was the name of the owner of the talking horse, Mr. Ed on TV*wilbur post What was the name of the party dog that that was Budwiser's mascot in the late eighties?*Spuds McKenzie What was the name of the police character played by Roy Scheider in the film Jaws*martin brody What was the name of the South African Prime Minister murdered in 1966*hendrik verwoerd What was the name of the submarine which sank the General Belgrano during the Falklands conflict*hms conqueror What was the name of the Titanic's sister ship*Olympic What was the nickname of Charles Heidsick, the 19th Century French wine producer*champagne charlie What was the number of the squadron which flew the Dambusters mission in 1943*617 What was the profession of Lancelot 'Capability' Brown*landscape gardener What was the royal residence after st james court*buckingham palace What was the screen name of the lead character in The Untouchables*elliot What was the title of Jung Chang's account of growing up in China*wild swans What was the world's principal Christian city before it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453*constantinople What was Webster's adopted mom and dad's name*Poppadouupalus What was William H. Bonney's nickname*Billy the kid What was willie mosconi famed for shooting*pool What weapon is tattooed on Glen Campell's arm*dagger What were Club Nouveu originally known as?*Timex Social Club What were dachshunds bred to hunt*badgers What were the first names of T E Lawrence, known as Lawrence of Arabia*thomas edward What woman is the wife of prince phillip, the mother of anne, andrew, charles and edward, and the daughter of george vi*elizabeth ii What woman is thought of as the greatest trick shot artist of all time?*annie oakley What word is used for a female fox*vixen what word is used for a female fox?*vixen What word links these: bar, cereal, continental*breakfast What word links these: battery, rain, test*acid What word links these: brother, gloves, skin*kid What word links these: cab, frequency, station*radio What word links these: cake, tea, egg*cup What word links these: cavalry, chore, name*household What word links these: centre, certificate, record*medical What word links these: comic, singer, soap*opera What word links these: contract, dodger, proposal*draft What word links these: detector, polish, scrap*metal What word links these: face, round, time*about What word links these: growth, policy, recovery*economic What word links these: meal, set, work*piece What word may be used to refer to a group of gnats*horde What would you do with "ackee" in jamaica*eat it What would you expect to find in a vespiary*wasps What ws Balki Bartokamus' occupation when he lived in Mypos?*Sheep Herder What year did Chernobyl explode*1986 What year did the first nudist colony open*1903 What year was a U2 pilot shot down for spying*1960 What year was film introduced to replace glass in making photographic negatives*1891 What year was The Bible printed using moveable type*1455 What year was the first tooth extraction under anaesthetic performed*1846 What year was the last woman hung in England*1955 What's a 10-20 to a police officer*location What's a dead body of an animal called*carcass What's a microchip made of*silicon What's a natatorium*swimming pool What's Krypton's state at standard temperature & pressure*gaseous what's the circulation of winds around a low pressure system called?*cyclone What's the fastest sea dwelling mammal*the dolphin What's the highest mountain in the 48 contiguous u.s. States*mount whitney What's the international radio code word for the letter "J"*juliet What's the longest river in the U S*mississippi river*mississippi What's the Malayan sun bear's main claim to fame*smallest bear What's the most common name in nursery rhymes*jack What's the most common term of endearment in the U.S.*honey What's the most frequently ingested mood altering drug*caffeine What's the most valuable crop in burma, laos and thailand*poppy What's the name of the counting system in which four is written "100"*binary What's the name of the dragon in the Ivor the Engine stories*idris What's the name of the second book in the Bible*exodus What's the nickname of the Iowa state football team*cyclones What's the official state sport of alaska*dog sledding What's the only property an orthodox Hindu woman can own?*Jewelry What's the second most spoken language on earth*english What's the sky king's home, near the town of grover, called*flying crown What's the square root of one-quarter*one half What's the world's largest fresh-water island*manitoulin What's white sugar mixed with to make brown sugar*molasses Whats the computer term "bit" short for*binary digit Whats the name of the large wooded area in which Robin Hood was supposed to have lived*sherwood forest Whats the nearest galaxy to our own*andromeda Whats the official language of Morocco*arabic When did Henry Ford build his first car*1896 When does a full moon always rise*sunset When is Saint George's day celebrated*april 23rd When not fighting crime, what did Underdog do for a living*shoeshine boy When someone is clumsy or awkward, especially with their hands, they are often said to be "all ...." These*thumbs When was george jones inducted into the country music hall of fame*1992 When was the first credit card issued*1900 When was the first jet aircraft flown*1941 When was the first Mad Max film released*1979 When was the first play staged at Londons Globe Theatre*1599 When was the first toothbrush with bristles invented*1498 When was the incandescent lamp invented*1879 When was the quadruplex telegraph invented*1864 When was the rechargable storage battery invented*1859 When was the shortest war in history*1896 Where are phalanges*hand Where are the Guiana Highlands*northern south america Where did Stalin, Churchill, Attlee and Truman meet in 1945 to determine the future of Germany after their unconditional surrender*potsdam Where did the bay of pigs take place*cuba Where did the birkenhead sink*danger point Where did the incas live*peru Where did the mafia originate*sicily Where do Grand Prix drivers put their cars at the beginning of a race*grid Where do the english monarchs live*buckingham palace Where does Dilbert think of inventions*In the bathtub Where does the Iditarod dog sled race take place*alaska Where in Italy is the wine Marsala made*sicily Where in London was the Great Exhibition of 1851 held*hyde park Where in the body are the Haversian canals*inside bones Where in the body is the axilla*armpit Where is antofagasta*chile Where is bill gates' company based*redmond, washington Where is charlottetown*prince edward island Where is crystal palace*london Where is eurodisney*paris, france Where is frostbite falls*minnesota Where is Huracan stadium*buenos aires Where is it polite to stick your tongue out at your guests*tibet Where is Mount Rushmore*south dakota Where is mount vesuvius*italy Where is the Bernabau stadium*madrid, spain Where is the Devil's Tower*wyoming usa Where is the fictional television station bdrx located*bedrock Where is the guggenheim museum*new york city where is the space needle?*seattle Where is the wailing wall*jerusalem Where was the last major american indian resistance to white settlement*wounded knee Where was the record for most snowfall in a day, on february 7 1916*alaska Where was the septuagint written*alexandria Where would you find vox humana and vox angelica together*on an organ where's the 19th hole on a golf course?*clubhouse Where, in 1955, was one of the worst accidents in motor racing history, when 82 spectators were killed*le mans Where, on a horse are its withers*shoulder Which "daring young man on the flying trapeze" gave his name to a garment*jules leotard Which 'first lady of jazz' died in June 1996*ella fitzgerald Which 1978 film from the book of the same name by Ira Levin, tell of the cloning of Adolf Hitler*the boys from brazil Which 50's Actress was born Vera Jayne Palmer*jane mansfield Which 60's folk artist sang the lyrics "god told abraham kill me your son. abe said man you must be puttin me on"*bob dylan Which 9-fingered pop pianist starred in the film Its all Happening?*Russ Conway Which acid builds up in the body during excessive exercise*lactic Which actor was born Maurice Micklewhite*michael caine Which actor's autobiography is entitled Dear Me*peter ustinov Which actress starred in the film Love Story*ali mcgraw Which African capital city is named from the Greek meaning 'three towns'*tripoli Which airline has the registration prefix 'vr'*cathay pacific Which animal floats in water*porcupine Which Australian author wrote Illywhacker and Oscar and Lucinda*peter carey Which Australian state capital was named in honour of a British Prime Minister*melbourne Which author created Svengali*georges du maurier Which band had members Robert palmer, Andy and John Taylor, and Tony Thompson?*The Power Station Which bank did the jailed Nick Leeson work for and ruin*barings Which best selling car with a production spanning some 30 years is to be replaced by the "Focus"*ford escort Which bone in the human body is at the front but sounds like it should be at the back*sternum Which book by James Joyce takes palce on a single Dublin day in June 1904*ulysses Which British town is famous for its cutlery production*sheffield Which Canadian city was originally called Bytown*ottawa Which car company makes the 'Avensis'*toyota Which cellular structures are composed of DNA*chromosomes Which character was portrayed by Robert Redford in the film Out of Africa*dennis finch hatton Which chemical element has the ancient name Stannum*tin Which chemical element is named after the 1959 winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics*laurencium Which city's airport is the home base for Cathay Pacific Airlines*hong kong Which classic dish contains strips of steak cooked in a wine sauce with sour cream*stroganoff Which comedian created the character of maude frickert*jonathan winters Which comic actor who died in 1977 entered a competition to find his look alike, anonymously, and only came third*charlie chaplin Which country blew up a greenpeace ship in new zealand*france Which country has won the most Olympic gold medals at 10,000 metres*finland Which country is known as the Hashemite Kingdom*jordan Which country is the biggest consumer of wine*france Which country is widely acknowledged to have the largest Jewish population*united states Which country produces Dao wine*portugal Which country saw the Mau Mau uprising?*Kenya Which country was invaded by Soviet troops in August 1968*czechoslovakia Which country was the first to legalise abortion*iceland Which country was the setting for The Flame Trees of Thika*kenya Which country's name means "equator"*ecuador Which country's national flag consists only of a green field*libya Which county lies between the north sea and greater london*essex Which creature do Eskimos (or Inuit) call a nanook*polar bear Which department of the us government did eliot ness work for*treasury Which detective was played by Jack Webb in Dragnet*sgt joe friday Which dog was originally bred to hunt badgers*dachshund Which drink does Melanie Sykes advertise on TV*boddingtons Which drug can be extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree*quinine Which element has the chemical symbol Cs; capital C lower-case s*caesium Which English composer was born near Worcester in 1857 and died in 1934*edward elgar Which English King met Francis I of France on the 'Field of the Cloth of Gold'*henry viii Which English king's coronation was postponed because he was suffering from appendicitis*edward vii Which European city is served by Fiumicino airport*rome Which european country will lose its independence if there is no heir to the throne*monaco Which famous artist took up painting with his left hand when he lost the use of his right hand at the age of sixty*Leonardo da Vinci Which famous film actor, who died of lung cancer in 1957, used his real name but dropped his middle name of de Forest*humphrey bogart Which famous museum is in paris, france*louvre Which famous sporting venue is above NewYorks Pennsylvania Station*madison square gardens Which film director's films include "Midnight Express" and "Bugsy Malone"*alan parker Which film links novelist Ira Levin and Sharon Stone*sliver Which film star is the real life husband of Goldie Hawn*kurt russell Which film, directed by Sydney Pollack, won the 1985 Academy Award for Best Picture*out of africa Which food product did Henry Cooper advertise in 1984*shredded wheat Which forename, deriving from the Germanic 'rulehard', has been held by three English kings*richard Which former 'Neighbours' star had a hit with 'Any Dream Will Do'*jason donovan Which French athlete won both the 200m and the 400m on the track at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games*maria-jose perec Which french dramatist's works include Phedre and Andromaque*jean racine Which French mathematician, "the father of Modem Mathematics", invented analytical or co-ordinate geometry*rene descartes Which fungal plant disease particularly affects brassicas*club root Which game uses the largest ball*earthball Which German actress appeared in the film "Witness for the Prosecution*marlene dietrich Which Gloucestershire town, famous for its abbey, lies on the confluence of the Severn and Avon*tewkesbury Which golfer has won the British Open most times since 1945*tom watson (5) Which great battle took place from July 1st to November 18th 1916?*The Battle of the Somme Which Greek island is also a variety of lettuce*cos Which group had the hit album 'White on Blonde'*texas Which hero of tv and cinema fights an unending battle for 'truth, justice, and the American way*superman Which Hollywood heart throbs real name was Roy Scherer*rock hudson Which houses fought the war of the roses*lancaster and york Which is Britain's largest native carnivore*badger Which is considered the most powerful piece on the chess board*queen Which is the highest capital city in Europe*madrid Which is the largest cathedral*st peter's Which is the largest of the Canadian Provinces and Territories*northwest territories Which is the largest river forming part of the u.s-mexico border*rio grande Which is the last of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments to be played in the year*us open Which is the only bird that can see the colour blue*owl Which is the only English word to both begin and end with the letters U-N-D ?*Underground Which is the world's second largest monolith*ayers rock Which is the worlds tallest grass*bamboo Which jazz cornettist composed and recorded "Davenport Blues" in 1925*b1x beiderbecke Which jazz pianist composed the jungle music "Black and Tan Fantasy" with Bubber Miley, and recorded it with his band in 1927*duke ellington Which jockey rode a Derby winner called Pinza*gordon richards Which kellogg's cereal was advertised by tusk tusk the elephant*coco Which law did sir isaac newton discover when he was only twenty three years old*law of universal gravitation Which lawyer broke the law by refusing to be finger-printed in the Transvaal during 1907*Gandhi Which liqueur gives the cocktail "Tequila Sunrise" its red glow*grenadine Which London MP is more famous as an actress*glenda jackson Which london station handles trains directly to the continent, through the channel tunnel*waterloo Which London's church's other name is the Collegiate Church of St. Peter*westminster abbey Which major river flows through gloucester*severn Which Mammal has the highest blood pressure*giraffe Which modem country was formerly Nyasaland*malawi Which modern author wrote The Regeneration trilogy*pat barker Which mountain peak is the highest in the Western Hemisphere*aconcagua Which mountain range forms a geographical boundary between Europe and Asia*urals Which movie about a TV news show won Peter Finch a posthumous Oscar*network Which museum now occupies the site of the old Bedlam Hospital in London*imperial war museum Which musical includes the Barbara Dickson/Elaine Page song I Know Him So Well?*Chess Which musical was based on the play The Matchmaker?*Hello Dolly Which nazi leader had his 6 children poisoned prior to his own death*goebbels Which nineteenth century author is buried in Samoa*robert louis stevenson Which Nobel Prize winner wrote 'The Old Man and the Sea*ernest hemingway Which object was known as a Churchwarden*long clay pipe Which opera singer was known as "La Stupenda"*joan sutherland Which opera, composed by Saint-Saens, and first performed in 1877, is set in Palestine*samson and delilah Which ovine expression is used for a disreputable member of a family or group*black sheep Which people slide down a pole to help them to get to work quickly*firemen Which planet circles the sun every 84 years*uranus Which planet did John Couch Adams and Urbain Leverrier work out the existence and position of before it could actually be seen*neptune Which planet is orbited by the moon Charon*pluto Which planet was discovered in 1846*neptune Which planet was the 'Planet of the Apes'*earth Which popular singer of the 80's has the real name Christopher Davidson*chris de burgh Which port on the River Douro is the second largest city in Portugal*oporto Which Prime Minister introduced Income Tax*pitt the younger Which religion believes in the Four Noble Truths*buddhism Which rock musician committed suicide in Scattle on 5th April 1994*kurt cobain Which Russian word means openness*glasnost Which saint founded a monastery at Iona in the sixth century*saint columba Which Saint translated the Vulgate bible*jerome Which sci-fi writer adapted his own book for the movie Pet Sematary*stephen king Which Scottish Quarter day is on August 1st*lammas Which sea route connects the North Atlantic with the Beaufort Sea and the Pacific Ocean*the northwest passage Which Shakespeare character described himself as having "Loved not wisely but too well"*othello Which singing King died in 1965*nat king cole Which south east Asian city was formerly called Krung Threp*bangkok Which sport is featured in the book and film "This Sporting Life"*rugby league Which star of films such as 'Ryan's Daughter' died in 1997*robert mitchum Which state became the 14th state of the u.s*vermont Which state forms an enclave at the heart of the city of Rome*vatican city Which strait separates Russian and Alaska*bering strait Which substance, occurring naturally in fruit, causes jams and preserves to set*pectin Which tennesee williams play is about a sicilian-american woman*rose tattoo Which tennis star wore denim shorts during matches*andre agassi Which town in the US had Clint Eastwood as its mayor*carmel Which tube line goes to Brixton*victoria Which two fighting ships other than the 'arizona' were sunk at pearl harbor*oklahoma and utah Which two fruits are an anagram of each other*lemon and melon Which two male fish give birth*sea horse and pipe fish Which types of wood are most often used for firewood in the home*hardwood Which U S president was fatally shot in 1881*garfield Which U.S. president gave the 'four freedoms of democracy' speech- ie freedom from want; freedom from fear; freedom of worship and freedom of speech*franklin d roosevelt Which UK city, other than London, has a station called Charing Cross*glasgow Which US golfer was killed when his plane crashed in 1999*payne stewart Which US writer wrote The Naked and the Dead*norman mailer Which vegetable is used if a dish is described as 'a la Bretonne'*haricot beans Which was the first 'spaghetti western' starring Clint Eastwood*a fistful of dollars Which was the first apostle to be stoned to death*stephen Which wedding anniversary is coral*thirty fifth Which word comes from the Roman "where three roads meet" as a place where messages were left*trivia Which word follows Juliet, Kilo and Lima*mike Which word, taken from the French, translates literally as 'rotten pot'*potpourri Which World Champion heavyweight boxer held the title for the longest*joe louis Which writer's latest work, Birds of Prey , features the Courtneys - the family that appeared in his first, When the Lion Feeds , published in 1964*wilbur smith Which year did Jemima Goldsmith marry Imram Kahn*1995 Who advocated the planting peanuts and sweet potatoes to replace cotton and tobacco (i.e. crop rotation)?*George Washington Carver Who appeared in 'st. elmo's fire', 'the scarlett letter' and 'striptease'*demi moore Who are santa's reindeer, in alphabetical order*blitzen, comet, dancer, Who ate chicken little*foxy loxy who ate chicken little?*foxy loxy Who bought manattan island for the equivalent of 24 dollars*peter minuit Who built the 'cherokee' and 'commanche' aircraft*piper Who claimed that, in the Garden of Eden, God spoke Swedish, Adam spoke Danish, & the serpent spoke French*swedish philologist Who composed "Invitation to the Dance " in 1819*weber Who composed "Messiah"*handel Who composed the music for the ballet 'l'apres-midi d'un faune'*claude Who composed the musical piece Carmina Burana*carl orff Who composed the opera, "The Queen of Spades"*tchaikovsky Who conquered the matterhorn in 1865*edward whymper Who controls more than 80% of the world's rough diamond supply*de beers Who crashed out of the 1995 Tour de France after just 92 seconds*chris boardman Who created john blackthorne*james clavell Who created the 'grinch'*dr seuss Who created the comic strip 'Doonesbury'*garry trudeau Who created WinnieThe Pooh*a a milne Who cremated on the banks of the ganges river on january 31, 1948*mahatma Who did orson welles play in the film 'the third man'*harry lime Who did pat sajak play on the soapie 'days of our lives'*kevin hathaway Who did Roger Bannister beat at the Commonwealth Games of 1954*john landy Who did Spain fight in the 1808-1814 Peninsular War?*Portugal Who did Vivian Vance play on 'the lucy show'*Vivian Bagley Who died three days before groucho marx*elvis presley Who directed 'the breakfast club'*john hughes who directed the monochrome (sepia) sequences at the beginning and end of "the wizard of oz" (1939)?*king vidor Who discovered gold on the witwatersrand*george harrison Who discovered oxygen*joseph priestley Who founded the Church of Scientology*l. ron hubbard Who gave excalibur to king arthur*lady of the lake Who had a hit with 'Stand By Your Man'*tammy wynette Who had a number one hit in 1969 with Something in the Air*thunderclap newman Who has daughters named Jade, Elizabeth, Scarlett and Georgia*mick jagger Who has played in the most consecutive baseball games*cal ripken jr Who has the highest per capital consumption of cheese*france Who hated mozart with a deadly passion*salieri Who holds the nhl record for the most goals scored during a regular season*wayne gretzky Who hosts the monza grand prix*italy Who invented the cash register in 1879*james ritty Who invented the difference engine*charles babbage Who invented the first practical steam engine*thomas newcomen Who invented the geodesic dome*buckminster fuller Who invented the pneumatic tyre from a section of garden hose*john dunlop Who invented the Windows o s*bill gates Who is Dick Tracy's sweetheart*tess trueheart Who is famously buried in the churchyard at Bamburgh, Northumberland*grace darling Who is known as a collector of trivia*spermologer Who is known as the "George Washington" of South America*simon bolivar Who is known as the father of genetics*gregor mendel Who is nick and nora charles' dog*asta Who is Prime Minister of Australia*john howard Who is Private Eyes "First Lady of Fleet St"*glenda slagg Who is robert van winkle*vanilla ice Who is schroeder's favourite composer*beethoven Who is the babylonian goddess of love and fertility*ishtar Who is the Barber of Seville*Figaro Who is the central figure in Peter C Newmans 'The Establishment Man'*conrad black Who is the current Secretary of State for Social Security*alastair darling Who is the Greek messenger god*hermes Who is the lead singer of 'the doors'*jim morrison Who is the only singer to have no. 1 hits in the 50's, 60's, 70's, 80's and 90's*cliff richard Who is the patron saint of foreign missions*st francis Who is the patron saint of housewives*st anne Who is the patron saint of lace makers*our lady of loretto Who is the patron saint of mariners*star of the sea Who is the patron saint of mathematicians*st hubert Who is the patron saint of monks*st benedict Who is the patron saint of nurses*st raphael Who is the patron saint of organ makers*st genesius Who is the patron saint of peasants*st lucy Who is the patron saint of sick poor*st martin de porres Who is the patron saint of stone masons*st sebastian Who is the patron saint of surgeons*sts. cosmas & damian Who is the patron saint of throat*st cecile Who is the patron saint of women in labor*st anne Who is the patron saint of writers*st paul Who is the Prime Minister of France*lionel jospin Who is the roman counterpart of hermes*mercury Who is the roman god of light and sky*jupiter Who kept searching for his long lost salt shaker*jimmy buffet Who led the mormons to the great salt lake*brigham young Who lost her sheep*little bo-peep Who married prince albert*queen albert Who married the Owl and The Pussycat*the turkey Who or what was Rosanna Arquette seeking in 1985*susan Who owned jerusalem before israel*jordan Who owns: Right Guard deodorant*gillette Who painted "The Naked Maja"*goya Who patrols gotham city*batman and robin Who played 'Banacek' in the 1970's TV series of the same name*george peppard Who played bonnie to warren beatty's clyde*faye dunaway Who played detective, Frank Cannon, in the TV series 'Cannon'*william conrad Who played lestat in 'interview with the vampire'*tom cruise Who played nick nack & came rolling home*this old man Who played queen amidala in the latest 'star wars' film*natalie portman Who played saxophone on "The Girl From Ipanema"*stan getz Who played the female lead in the Alien films*sigourney weaver Who played the lead role in the first Tarzan movie*elmo lincoln who played the male lead in the 1965 film entitled the war lord?*charlton heston Who played the named character in the following films: Darby's Rangers; Mister Buddwing; and Marlowe*james garner Who played the respectable hooker in "From here to Eternity"*Donna Reed Who played the telephone operator on laugh-in*lily tomlin Who played the title role in the 1921 film 'The Sheik'*rudolf valentino Who playes Captain Picard in Star Trek: the next generation*patrick stewart Who plays the part of Inspector Gadget in the film 'Gadget'*matthew broderick Who presents the radio programme "In the Psychiatrist's Chair"*anthony clare Who ran unsuccesfully against Regan in 1984?*Walter Mondale Who recorded "burning bridges" in 1960*jack scott Who recorded 'a boy named sue'*johnny cash Who recorded the 1996 alburn, "Older"*george michael Who recorded the 1997 album "Flaming Pie"*paul mccartney Who recorded the album "Get Lucky" in 1982*loverboy Who recorded the album "wish you were here" in 1975*pink floyd Who released 'time, love and tenderness' in 1981*michael bolton Who released the No.1 hit single 'Barbie Girl' in October 1997*aqua Who ruled the seas in Greek mythology*poseidon Who said 'et tu brute'*julius caesar Who said 'ronald reagan doesn't dye his hair; he bleaches his face'*johnny Who said that all matter comes from fire, water, earth & air*aristotle Who said, ich bin ein Berliner*john f kennedy Who sailed to the Antarctic in the ship Discovery*scott amundsen Who sailed to the new world in 'the mayflower'*pilgrims Who sang 'another one bites the dust'*queen Who sang 'foolish games'*jewel Who sang 'friends in low places' and 'thunder rolls'*garth brooks Who sang 'think' in the original 'blues brothers' film*aretha franklin Who sang about desmond and molly jones*beatles Who sang about the fall of man in 'the tall oak tree'*dorsey burnette Who sang the song from the Disney movie 'Can You Feel The Love Tonight*elton john Who sang the title theme of the James Bond film A View to a Kill*duran duran Who sent the brief message "i came, i saw, i conquered"*julius caesar Who signed the Emancipation Proclamation?*Abraham Lincoln Who signed the USA for Africa poster with his thumbprint*stevie wonder Who sought to create the great society*lyndon johnson*johnson Who starred in the film 'the man with two brains'*steve martin Who started the dragonlance series*margaret weiss and tracy hickman Who stood at the top with "stand by your man*tammy wynette Who taught alexander the great*aristotle who was "bonnie prince charles"?*charles edward stuart Who was 'too sexy for his shirt'*right said fred Who was a member of 'crosby, stills and nash' and 'the hollies'*graham nash Who was Alexander the Great's father*phillip ii Who was assassinated on november 22, 1963 in dallas*president john f kennedy Who was born on krypton*superman Who was British Prime Minister at the outbreak of WWI*herbert asquith Who was Canadian parliaments first Inuk member*peter ittinuar Who was captain of the Titanic*edward smith Who was defendant in the so called "monkey trial"*john t scopes Who was dictator of Spain from 1937 to 1975*francisco franco Who was Jack the Ripper's first victim*mary ann nichols Who was john reid*lone ranger Who was king arthur's father*uther pendragon Who was king of macedonia from 336 to 323 b.c*alexander the great Who was known as the maid of orleans*joan of arc Who was married to Francis II, Lord Darnley and The Earl of Bosworth*mary, queen of scots Who was marshall james butler "wild bill" hickock's sidekick*jingles Who was Michelle's first boyfriend on Full House?*Howie Who was Mr. Wizard*Don Herbert Who was named Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board by Ronald Reagan in 1987, a post he still (February '99) holds*alan greenspan Who was Pope during World War II*pius xii Who was responsible for driving the english out of scotland in 1297*william Who was responsible for the infamous assination attempt on then President Reagan?*John Hinkley Jr. Who was ronald reagan's first wife*jane wyman Who was shot as he left the Washington Hilton in 1981*ronald reagan Who was Tasmania's famous swashbuckler*errol flynn Who was the 10th president of the U S*john tyler Who was the 16th president of the united states*abraham lincoln who was the 16th president of the united states?*abraham lincoln Who was the 26th president of the U S*theodore roosevelt Who was the alter ego of 'the incredible hulk'*dr david banner Who was the defeated Socialist Prime Minister in the Spanish General Election of March 1996*felipe gonzalez Who was the Egyptian god of the Nile, depicted in human form with a beard, large belly, & a crown of aquatic*hapi Who was the famous individual who originated the catch phrase "Just Say No"*Nancy Reagan Who was the first black actress to win an oscar*hattie macdaniel Who was the first British Prime Minister, although he did not use the title*sir robert walpole Who was the first Briton to win the Nobel Prize for Literature*rudyard kipling Who was the first driver to wear a helmet in the indy 500*eddie rickenbacker Who was the first female prime minister of india*indira gandhi Who was the first lady to have made the "old blue dress" she wore to an inauguration*rosalynn carter Who was the first person to swim the english channel*captain matthew webb Who was the first president born in a hospital*jimmy carter Who was the first president of the Royal Academy*sir joshua reynolds Who was the first woman to lead a British trade union*Brenda Dean Who was the founder of microsoft*bill gates Who was the French sculptor of the Statue of Liberty*frederic bartholdi Who was the greek goddess of spring*persephone Who was the Greek philosopher who decided he'd rather drink hemlock than deny his beliefs*Socrates Who was the king of Judah (800-783 bc)?*Amaziah Who was the last king of Troy*priam Who was the last president of the U S, as of 1998, to die in office*john kennedy Who was the leader of the bad guys on Hulk Hogan's Rock N Wrestling that annoyed Hulk Hogan and his freinds?*Rowdy Roddy Piper Who was the leader of the good Transformers?*Optimus Prime Who was the lone ranger's indian companion*tonto Who was the longest serving president in French history*francois mitterand Who was the losing Republican candidate in the 1964 U.S. Presidential Election*barry goldwater Who was the male star of the film Fatal Attraction*michael douglas who was the norse goddess of lust and fertility?*freya Who was the only astronaut to lose his spacecraft*gus grissom Who was the only pope born in England*adrian iv Who was the only president born in Illinois, the land of lincoln*ronald reagan Who was the only President of the Confederate States of America*jefferson davies Who was the second king of israel*david Who was the shortest ever mature human?*Gul Mohammed Who was the sun king*louis xiv Who was the villain in 'star wars'*darth vader Who was ulysses' son, who grew to manhood in his absence*telemachus Who was Vice President to Jimmy Carter, and the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1984*walter mondale Who was William Claude Dukenfield better known as*W C Fields Who was with patricia hearst the night she was kidnaped*steven weed Who was world champion in boxing from 1952-1962*archie moore Who went on to become an Eastern Communist leader after working as a pastry chef at London's Carlton Hotel*Ho Chi Minh Who were the guests on Johnny Carson's final tonite show*bette midler and Who were the legendry founders of Rome*romulus and remus Who won the 1995 rugby world cup*south africa Who won the Oscar for Best Director for the 1988 film "Rainman"*barry levinson Who wore a cabbage leaf under his cap*babe ruth Who worked for dr zorba*ben casey Who wrote "Death of a Salesman" in 1949*arthur miller Who wrote "Farwell to Arms"*ernest hemingway Who wrote "The Corn is Green"*emlyn williams Who wrote "The Outcast of the Islands"*joseph conrad who wrote "titus groan"?*mervyn peake who wrote 'a clockwork orange'?*anthony burgess Who wrote 'alice in wonderland'*lewis carroll Who wrote 'born free', 'living free' and 'forever free'*joy adamson Who wrote 'la traviata'*guiseppe verdi Who wrote 'the female eunuch'*germaine greer Who wrote 'valley of the dolls'*jacqueline susann Who wrote Auld Lang Syne*robert burns Who wrote David Copperfield*charles dickens Who wrote Moll Flanders*daniel defoe Who wrote most of the new testament books*paul Who wrote m°a°s°h*richard hooker Who wrote the 'Noddy' books*enid blyton Who wrote the 'noddy' books*enid blyton Who wrote the book on which the Oscar winning film 'The Godfather' was based*mario puzo Who wrote the children's story Badjelly the Witch*spike milligan Who wrote the classic thriller 'The Birds'*Alfred Hitchcock Who wrote the Father Brown crime stories*gk chesterton*chesterton Who wrote the hit musical West Side Story*leonard bernstein Who wrote The Ipcress File*len deighton Who wrote the novel "Slaughterhouse Five"*kurt vonnegut jr Who wrote the novel ' Anna of the Five Towns'*arnold bennett Who wrote the novel Enigma in 1995, about the wartime German coding machines*robert harris Who wrote the opera "the trojans"*hector berlioz Who wrote the opera 'i pagliacci'*ruggiero leoncavallo Who wrote the Robocomm computer program*dan parsons Who wrote the song 'Anything Goes'*cole porter Who wrote the song 'do they know it's christmas' with midge ure*bob geldof Who wrote the song of songs*solomon Who wrote the story of "the nutcracker"*eta hoffmann Who wrote the supernatural tale The Turn of the Screw*henry james Who wrote To Kill A Mockingbird*harper lee Who wrote Vanity Fair*william thackeray Who's Best of Album is called Paint the Sky With Stars*enya Who's the leading rebounder in NBA playoff history*bill russell Who, in 1655, discovered Saturn's rings *christiaan huygens Who, in 1874, painted the picture called La Loge*auguste renoir Who, in egyptian mythology, is the god of the dead*aker Whose 31st and 38th Symphonies are the Paris and the Prague*mozart Whose car, when found in Dallas in 1963, contained brass knuckles, a pistol holder, and a newspaper detailing JFK's motorcade route?*Jack Ruby Whose girl friend was Virginia Hill*bugsy siegel Whose grandson got the first phone call from a commercial cellular system, in 1983*alexander graham bell's*alexander graham bells*alexander graham bell Whose hamburger patties weigh 1.6 oz*mcdonald's Whose last words were reportedly, 'I shall hear in heaven!'*beethoven Whose life story is titled 'fly me, i'm freddie!'*freddie laker Whose name did God change to Israel*jacob Whose novels include 'The Cement Garden' and 'Comfort of Stangers'*ian mcewan Whose novels include 'The Ice-Cream Wars' and 'Brazzaville Beach'*william boyd Whose only loss in 1983 was to kathy horvath*martina navratilova Whose patron is Holy Spirit*understanding Whose patron is St Barbara*artillery Whose patron is St Christopher*truck Drivers Whose patron is St Dymphna*runaways Whose patron is St Francis de Sales*authors Whose patron is St Francis de Sales*teachers Whose patron is St Matthew*stockbrokers Whose patron is St Nicholas*sicily Whose patron is St Paul*authors Whose patron is St Peter*stationers Whose patron is St Rose of Lima*vanity Whose patron is St Stephen*austria Whose patron is St William*adopted children Whose recent books include 'Crisis Four' and 'Firewall'*andy mcnab Whose rule is used to solve simultaneous linear equations by using determinants*cramer Whose single season strikeout record did Nolan Ryan beat by one*sandy koufax Why are we playing trivia*because we are bored*for fun Wide muscular partition separating the thoracic, or chest cavity, from the abdominal cavity*diaphragm Wild Australian dog*dingo William Golding won the Nobel Prize for literature in which year*1983 Winston churchill resigned from office in 1954, 1955 or 1956*1955 With what branch of medicine is mesmer associated*hypnotism With what country is prince rainier iii associated*monaco With what is 'Grand Marnier' flavoured*orange With which island is the puffin associated*lundy island With which musical instrument is Dizzy Gillespie chiefly associated*trumpet With which sport is Chris Evert identified*tennis With which sport is Willie Mays associated*baseball Woollen covering for head and neck*balaclava helmet Words containing for: many trees*forest Words containing pot or pan: Tyrant*despot*despotic*potentate Workshop for casting metal*foundry Wreath of flowers used as a decoration*garland Wwhat is the name of Mulder and Scully's supervisor on the X-files?*Walter Skinner X-Men Comics: Gahck battled wolverine here*savage land X-Men Comics: Wolverine and SpiderMan discovered the identity of HobGoblin Here*berlin Year in which the Battle of Balaklava took place*1854 You have to run 360 feet if you hit a ______*home run Young man paid by older woman to be escort or lover*gigolo ___, the story of prize fighter Jake Lamotta, packs a real punch*Raging Bull

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How many times did Ernest Hemingway revise the last page of A Farewell To Arms?

‘A Farewell to Arms’ With Hemingway’s Alternate Endings - The New York Times The New York Times Books |To Use and Use Not Search Continue reading the main story In an interview in The Paris Review in 1958 Ernest Hemingway made an admission that has inspired frustrated novelists ever since: The final words of “A Farewell to Arms,” his wartime masterpiece, were rewritten “39 times before I was satisfied.” Those endings have become part of literary lore, but they have never been published together in their entirety, according to his longtime publisher, Scribner. A new edition of “A Farewell to Arms,” which was originally published in 1929, will be released next week, including all the alternate endings, along with early drafts of other passages in the book. The new edition is the result of an agreement between Hemingway’s estate and Scribner, now an imprint of Simon & Schuster. Photo Ernest Hemingway in 1947. Credit John F. Kennedy Library and Museum It is also an attempt to redirect some of the attention paid in recent years to Hemingway’s swashbuckling, hard-drinking image — through fictional depictions in the best-selling novel “The Paris Wife” and the Woody Allen film “Midnight in Paris,” for instance — back to his sizable body of work. Continue reading the main story “I think people who are interested in writing and trying to write themselves will find it interesting to look at a great work and have some insight to how it was done,” Seán Hemingway, a grandson of Ernest Hemingway who is also a curator of Greek and Roman art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, said in an interview. “But he is a writer who has captured the imagination of the American public, and these editions are interesting because they really focus on his work. Ultimately that’s his lasting contribution.” Advertisement Continue reading the main story The new edition concludes that the 39 endings that Hemingway referred to are really more like 47. They have been preserved in the Ernest Hemingway Collection at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum in Boston since 1979, where Seán Hemingway studied them carefully. (Bernard S. Oldsey, a Hemingway scholar, listed 41 endings in his book “Hemingway’s Hidden Craft,” but Seán Hemingway found 47 variations in manuscripts preserved at the Kennedy Library.) The alternate endings are labeled and gathered in an appendix in the new edition, a 330-page book whose cover bears the novel’s original artwork, an illustration of a reclining man and woman, both topless. For close readers of Hemingway the endings are a fascinating glimpse into how the novel could have concluded on a different note, sometimes more blunt and sometimes more optimistic. And since modern authors tend to produce their work on computers, the new edition also serves as an artifact of a bygone craft, with handwritten notes and long passages crossed out, giving readers a sense of an author’s process. (When asked in the 1958 Paris Review interview with George Plimpton what had stumped him, Hemingway said, “Getting the words right.”) Photo The new edition, with the original cover art. The endings range from a short sentence or two to several paragraphs. In No. 1, “The Nada Ending,” Hemingway wrote, “That is all there is to the story. Catherine died and you will die and I will die and that is all I can promise you.” The “Live-Baby Ending,” listed as No. 7, concludes, “There is no end except death and birth is the only beginning.” And in No. 34, the “Fitzgerald ending,” suggested by Hemingway’s friend F. Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway wrote that the world “breaks everyone,” and those “it does not break it kills.” “It kills the very good and very gentle and the very brave impartially,” he wrote. “If you are none of these you can be sure it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry.” Hemingway also left behind a list of alternate titles, which are reprinted in the new edition. They include “Love in War,” “World Enough and Time,” “Every Night and All” and “Of Wounds and Other Causes.” One title, “The Enchantment,” was crossed out by Hemingway. Photo Ernest Hemingway's first-page draft for “A Farewell to Arms.” Credit John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum Patrick Hemingway, Ernest Hemingway’s only surviving son, said in an interview from his home in Montana that when Scribner suggested the raw material be published, he agreed. Advertisement Continue reading the main story “They do give insight to how Hemingway was thinking,” said Patrick Hemingway, who is 84. “But it is absolutely true that no matter how much you analyze a classic bit of writing, you can never really figure out what makes talent work.” Susan Moldow, the publisher of Scribner, said that while Hemingway is a perennial strong seller, especially for schools and libraries, “the estate is constantly wanting to present the work afresh.” “This is one of the most important authors in American history,” she said. “And fortunately or unfortunately you need to keep refreshing or people lose interest.” After reading the various endings, Ms. Moldow added, she didn’t question the author’s decision; the actual ending — cool and passionless after an epic tale of war and love, with the protagonist leaving a hospital in the rain — has stood the test of time. “Ultimately,” she said, “I think we have to be glad that he went with the ending that he went with.” A version of this article appears in print on July 5, 2012, on Page C1 of the New York edition with the headline: To Use and Use Not. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe

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What was art-world guru Andy Warhol's name at birth?

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Revision Many people think their writing is 95% done when the first draft is finished. They think, now I�ll correct spelling, grammar, and typos, read it over and print out clean copy. This is what separates beginning writers from accomplished ones. Accomplished writers see their writing as never finished. Many spend months, years revising. In the work world, several people will read through a draft of a report and the writer will revise it several times before it�s submitted. Ernest Hemingway revised the last paragraph of �A Farewell to Arms� 39 times. Revision means, literally, �re-seeing.� You need to go beyond the surface (mechanics). Rewrite sentences and paragraphs Move words, sentences, paragraphs around Delete whole sections and write new ones Writing Exercise (to be used after lesson for practice revising): Write a paragraph (at least ten sentences on one of the following topics: Your best or worst job Your best friend Your hobby The best meal you�ve ever had Your favorite actor, singer, performer Alternate Writing Exercise Think back to a time that you said something that hurt someone or caused trouble for yourself or someone else. If you had a chance to revise what you said, what would you say differently? Five Step Revision Process (This is an ideal process that rarely, if ever, can be followed exactly.) Analogy: Renovating a building�you don�t paint walls that you�re going to tear down. Read through your draft and revise using each of the following aspects. A two to three page paper can be revised for all of these in an hour. Careful revision is almost sure to raise your grade one level. 1) Ideas Clarify the main idea (thesis) First read through your draft quickly. Without referring back to the essay, try to state your main idea (NOT the topic) Write it out in one sentence Compare it to the existing thesis sentence and substitute the new one if it�s better. * If you had trouble writing your main idea, your paper may not have one clear main idea. In this case, you need to rethink your purpose and decide on a main idea, and then see what parts of your paper support it. 2) Revising Details Read through your draft again this time evaluating the details (are they vivid and convincing?) Make sure each generalization is supported by adding examples, sense details, descriptions, facts. 3) Revise for Order Check the essay�s overall organization. When you revise, think of your reader. You need to guide them through, preparing them for each idea. House tour analogy (�this is the kitchen, here is the family room) Skim the topic sentences Check if each paragraph sticks to ONE idea Check for transitions (Transitions are sign posts that tell the reader where the road is heading) Make sure each sentence points at the same target (idea) 4) Revise for Word Use At this point, you should be done moving paragraphs and sentences around Look small�do you repeat the same words Look for clich�s Did you define key terms Get rid of vague words Vary sentence length (long short, short long) 5) Revise for Mechanics (this may be a step you do after a long break) Remember that errors are ones you make regularly and don�t usually see. Go through your paper searching just for the errors I repeatedly mark on your papers. Be very conscious. Have another reader for this specific purpose Paragraph Exercise Don�t look at your paragraph yet�rewrite the main idea/topic sentence Sharpen the details�make at least two points (sentences) more specific Circle all your transitions and improve the ones that need it (or insert new ones) Improve three word choices and rewrite any clich�s. Find two or three needless words and cut them out. Rewrite the paragraph as a clean copy Check all spelling and grammar. You may rewrite it again if you find a lot of grammatical and spelling errors. Hand both in (original and clean, revised copy).  ��] _  F  ' � �
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What was the maiden name of Blondie Bumstead, the comic-strip wife of hapless Dagwood Bumstead?

Chic’s Blondie | The Comics Journal BY R.C. Harvey Sep 13, 2012 Blondie, Chic Young’s monument to syndicated newspaper comics, began as a “flapper” strip about a dizzy young blonde named, with unrelenting perspicacity, Blondie. This was Young’s fourth pretty girl strip: starting October 31, 1921, he’d done The Affairs of Jane at N.E.A. for six months until March 18, 1922; and then he’d come to New York and done Beautiful Bab for Bell Syndicate for almost a year (July 10, 1922 – April 14, 1923) before joining the King Features art department in 1923 and, after a suitable apprenticeship, creating Dumb Dora on June 30, 1924. Dora proved popular enough to last longer than its forerunners, and when the 1929 stock market crash wiped out his savings, Young, thinking he had leverage, lobbied for more money.   But he met immediately a parsimonious obstacle in Joseph V. Connolly, King’s energetic and imaginative general manager, who was not inclined in the direction of salary increases. Young threatened to quit; Connolly still resisted. So Young packed himself and his wife off to the French Riviera to make his point. When Connolly wired, pleading him to return, Young consented—but only for a bigger piece of the action and ownership of the new strip he would concoct. Connolly agreed, provided Young could come up with an acceptable creation. Returning to New York, Young spent the summer of 1930 devising a new strip. It was yet another pretty girl feature so it couldn’t have taken that much devising, but this one would reign as one of the world’s most widely circulated strips for longer than just about anybody. But, as we shall see anon, it did not achieve this prominence as a pretty girl strip. By the time Young got to Blondie, he had honed his drawing style. Although the mannered manikin poses persisted in his renderings of his heroine, his line was a little freer, lighter, better suited for limning Blondie’s lithe winsome figure. His spotting of solid blacks gave the pictures a pleasant, eye-appealing accent, and his deployment of gray tones molded figures as well as imparting visual variety to the passing scenes. And Blondie’s wardrobe had achieved a frilly femininity that Dora’s only hinted at. Some of the daintiness slowly disappeared over the years, but Young and his assistants always turned out a fashionably attired and physically appealing Blondie, perhaps the sexiest comic strip character in the funnies. In the 1950s, the stylistic tropes of Young’s drawings assumed iconic status: it was as unthinkable to alter the number of curls on Blondie’s head as it was to eliminate Dagwood’s antenna. The characters in the strip were always severely “on model.” But Blondie’s figure had expanded somewhat: as Liberty Meadows’ Frank Cho observed (while fighting to preserve Brandy’s figure), Blondie’s bust was the stuff of Playboy dreams. As a limner of the curvaceous gender, Young had unlikely roots. Although born in Chicago in 1901, he grew up in south St. Louis where his family moved early in the century. The south side of St. Louis was an enclave of German-Americans so Chic’s Lutheran father, a shoe salesman, felt at home, and his children inherited such stolid Teutonic neighborhood traits as stubbornness, dedication, and frugality. Nothing artistic inherent in that mix, but art dominated in the family milieu. Chic’s mother was a painter who encouraged artistic expression in her children. Her daughter was a commercial artist before she married; Chic’s older brother, Lyman, would make a life’s work out of a boys adventure strip, Tim Tyler’s Luck; and another brother, Walter, painted. Lyman encouraged Chic (whose actual name was Murat Bernard) to pursue drawing, and Chic dutifully scribbled away. In high school, his pictures decorated the yearbook. But his father’s practicality urged him into other pursuits as a way of earning money. (His father, reported Rick Marschall in Blondie and Dagwood’s America, “never quite understood how artists could think they were doing honest work.”) After school, the teenaged Chic worked as a postal clerk on weekdays, and on Saturday, he worked in his father’s shoe store. After graduating from high school, Chic went to Chicago where he found a job as a stenographer while attending night classes at the Chicago Art Institute. Chicago at the time was a hotbed of cartooning talent, all on the cusp of fame—Billy DeBeck (Barney Google), Elzie Segar (Popeye), Frank King (Gasoline Alley), and Carl Ed (Harold Teen); all drew in a kindred manner that came to be called “the Chicago school.” One of Chic’s classmates, Edgar Martin (creator, later, of Boots and Her Buddies) was hired by the Newspaper Enterprise Association in Cleveland and encouraged Chic to join him there. Soon after arriving in the NEA bullpen, Young created The Affairs of Jane. Jane, Brian Walker explains (in Chic Young’s Blondie: The Complete Daily Comic Strips from 1930-1931), was a conniving female: “A highschool dropout who was courted by a string of hapless suitors, Jane concocted get-rich-quick schemes in a desperate attempt to escape from her modest, small-town circumstances and had a brief career as a film actress.” But Young got into a salary dispute with his bosses, and both Jane and her creator were shortly thereafter terminated. Then Young went to New York, where, as we’ve noted, he created two more pretty girl strips before inventing Blondie in the aftermath of another salary dispute. Before Blondie debuted, it enjoyed a legendary promotional campaign that began (as Walker tells us) when newspaper editors around the country were sent an announcement of the engagement of Dagwood Bumstead to Blondie Boopadoop. This was followed by a letter from the Bumstead attorney, who alleged the engagement announcement was “a pure fabrication of fancy, if not a malicious attempt on the part of this Miss Blondie Boopadoop.” After which came a handwritten note from Blondie herself, protesting her innocence and saying she’d soon arrive to explain “in person.” She also said she was sending her luggage on ahead: “When you get it, hold it for me and don’t peek inside.” A few days later, a cardboard suitcase was delivered to editors’ offices, with a note from Blondie, admonishing: “Don’t peek into it.” It being a blatant promotion, everyone peeked. The suitcase contained women’s clothing—for a paper doll. Next, as promised, Blondie herself arrived—a cut-out paper doll in her lingerie. With a note: “Here I am, just like I told you I’d be. Only, please, Mr. Editor, put some clothes on me quick. I sent them on ahead, you remember my pink bag. I’m so embarrassed! Blondie.” Those were the halcyon days of syndicate promotions. “In spite of King Features’ ambitious promotion,” Walker writes, “Blondie sold only moderately. It debuted on September 8, 1930, in a few small city newspapers [but didn’t] appear in Hearst’s New York American [until] September 15. New [subscribing newspapers] usually ran the first twelve episodes to fill their readers in on the background story and then picked up the continuity from there.” Yes, continuity: the first years of Blondie were storytelling years, the story of a courtship. Dagwood introduces Blondie to his grumpy father, a railroad tycoon, in the very first strip, but the two lovers don’t marry until February 17, 1933.   For the intervening two-and-a-half years, the couple struggles to get Dagwood’s parents to consent to his marrying this very pretty but not, seemingly, too smart young woman who might well be a gold-digger, out after the Bumstead billions. While the impending nuptials are held in abeyance, Blondie, displaying a scatterbrain practicality, flatters the parental Bumsteads to earn their approval and almost wins them over when she inherits money until they find out the amount is $283. She even works for the Bumstead company for a time and becomes Mrs. Bumstead’s social secretary briefly. And occasionally, when off-duty, she entertains visits from young male admirers. The flock of males that hovers around Blondie is not as numerous in the daily sequences as it is in the Sunday strips, which are not part of the daily continuity. In the dailies, Blondie displays more constancy. Although she enjoys the affections of an extraordinarily handsome neighbor, Gil McDonald, for a brief time (June through mid-October 1932), when her engagement to Dagwood has been called off—and is even engaged to Gil for a few weeks—Dagwood is never far away and is always, it seems, in her flighty young heart. But as a pretty girl strip, Blondie was about to fade away after a couple years until Young and syndicate officials hit upon a way to resuscitate their somewhat dingy blonde. They decided to marry her off, and they picked Dagwood Bumstead, heir to the millions generated by the Bumstead Locomotive Works. Dagwood goes on a hunger strike to wear down his parents’ resistance to his marrying Blondie, a stunt that attracted considerable press at the time and, naturally, stimulated circulation. Starting on January 3, 1933, the strike lasted until January 30 (official time—28 days, 7 hours, 8 minutes and 22 seconds), with a count-down posted every day in the strip as Dagwood wastes away. (Later, when he finally arises from his bed, we see heaps of dishes under the covers. Perhaps he’s been eating all the time? Ah, young love.) His parents finally consent to the marriage, but Dagwood’s father disinherits his son, a callous strategy perhaps, but one that opened the way for Blondie and Dagwood to become The American Newlyweds, then The American Young Mother and Father, and, ultimately, The American Family, a niche the strip has enjoyed for most of its 82-year history. The newlyweds take up housekeeping in much the same state as every other couple getting married during the Depression—virtually penniless. Which necessitated that Dagwood find employment. And that led eventually to his boss, Mister Dithers. And being late to work. And so on. With their marriage, the strip became a domestic comedy, and readers encountered one of the most revolutionary of Young’s plot devices: Blondie and Dagwood sleep in a double bed, not twin beds, which was the fashion in entertainments of the repressive 1930s. According to an article in The Saturday Evening Post (April 10, 1948), Young “steadfastly refused” to be “bullied” by “skittish readers” into getting the Bumsteads twin beds. “He holds, and the fan mail he gets from clergymen sustains him, that twin beds constitute a major threat to the solidity of marriage. He is very stubborn about this.” The solidity of the Bumstead marriage resulted in Baby Dumpling’s birth on April 15, 1934, and with that, the strip established itself as the pace-setter for its genre, inspiring almost as much merchandising in its heyday as Peanuts did in its. As a measure of its popularity: when Blondie and Dagwood produced a daughter in 1941 and Young ran a contest to name the new arrival, 431,275 people submitted suggestions. “Cookie” was the result. Blondie was not much different from her predecessors, Jane, Bab and Dora—until she married. Like them, she was at first a witless flapper, but as a wife, her nonsense was often common sense (albeit uncommonly phrased or applied), and Dagwood emerged as the family flake. And then the iconic American domestic comedy began in earnest, raising the strip to hitherto unequaled popularity and soaring circulation for most of its run. So far. At the last tabulation I’m aware of (June 2002), Blondie was appearing in 2,000-plus newspapers, joining Dilbert and For Better or For Worse in the same bracket, behind only Garfield with 2,600 papers and Peanuts with 2,400. No other strips tallied more than 1,900 papers. Sustaining the Icon. Chic Young undoubtedly created one of the medium’s masterpieces. But he had expert help for most of Blondie’s run. Ray McGill and Jim Raymond were assisting him in the 1940s. Raymond’s stint on the strip began in tragedy. Young’s first-born son, Wayne, died of jaundice in 1937 in the midst of the emerging popularity of Blondie and Dagwood’s first-born, Alexander (aka Baby Dumpling). Unable to face doing gags about a toddler, Young and his wife took a sabbatical to Europe, leaving the strip in Raymond’s care. Raymond continued to assist on the strip thereafter, taking over completely in about 1950 when Young’s eyesight began to fail. By the time he died in 1981, Raymond had possibly worked longer on the strip than Young—44 years (except for an interval in the late 1940s when he concentrated on Blondie’s Sunday topper, Colonel Potterby and the Duchess) compared to its originator’s 43.             Alexander, incidentally, was named for Raymond’s older brother, who was one of Young’s assistants on Blondie for a time in early 1930s (he drew some of the wedding scene, for instance, and many of the supporting cast, such as Gil McDonald, who look a little more fashionably handsome than Dagwood and his comedic cohorts) but gained considerable more fame later as the creator of Flash Gordon, Secret Agent X-9, Jungle Jim, and Rip Kirby. Jim Raymond’s assistant, Mike Gersher, took over after Raymond’s death, and when Gersher left the strip, he was followed by Stan Drake (1984-1997), who was assisted by Dennis Lebrun, who, in his turn, took over when Drake died in 1997 and was assisted by Jeff Parker for about nine years. Parker left when Lebrun did, in September 2005, and the strip then (and now) fell to John Marshall, who, in the custom of the strip’s management, is grooming an assistant to take over the drawing in some distant day in the future—Frank Cummings. Stan Drake’s connection with Blondie was highly unusual. He’d made his name with The Heart of Juliet Jones, a soap opera strip that he drew in a superlatively illustrative manner. His work on Blondie, while thoroughly competent (and, in some respects—backgrounds, say—even realistic), always struck me as a little stiff (and sometimes excessively detailed for the style of the feature). His Blondie and Dagwood seemed wooden. But Lebrun revived the lively Raymond line, and the strip looked better under his hand than it had for years. In fact, it looked better than a lot of its company on the comics pages. And still does. At a time when Cathybert and its ilk have made vacuous, stilted drawings the vogue, it’s refreshing to find a strip in which the characters change positions from panel to panel and register emotion and sometimes leap unrealistically up into the air, over high fences, into bathtubs, or race madly after disappearing buses, speed lines flaring, or trample postmen—behaving for all the world like characters in a comic strip (heaven forfend!). Blondie is also one of the few strips in which relatively complex drawings of characters stand at their full height in virtually every panel, tightly drawn, every detail in place, background figures completely rendered (including, often, the entirely superfluous dog Daisy—perhaps the best cartoon dog ever—who reacts to events like a miniature Greek chorus).   When Chic Young died in 1973, his son Dean took over writing the strip although he has probably ever since been relying upon gag writers (as, probably, did his father); for at least twenty years, Paul Pumpian was reportedly chief among them. In this practice, the Youngs share common ground with most of their inky-fingered brethren. Dean had been working with his father since the early 1960s before assuming the whole task of managing the verbal and visual comedy of Blondie. In recent years, he has attempted to bring the strip into contemporary suburban America by giving Blondie a catering business to run, but the focus of the strip remains pretty much what it has always been: the basic aspects of ordinary living—eating, sleeping, earning a living, and managing a household. Dagwood and his family are ordinary folks, and most of Dagwood’s adventures begin normally enough. But before a strip reaches its punchline, a manic inventiveness, an impish perversity, inspires a zany deviation from the norm, and Dagwood, cowlicks akimbo, transcends the mundane and achieves the implausible. For those of us who lead similarly ordinary lives, the famous Dagwood sandwich is the emblem of this transition: even the humble sandwich can attain heroic, if lunatic, proportions. Thus, in the most common of our pursuits, the seeds of laughter germinate, threatening to redeem us from an unremitting sense of self-importance. When being interviewed, Dean Young usually permits those who are talking with him to assume that he draws the strip as well as writing it. Asked during the online chat why Daisy’s five pups never show up anymore, Young said: “I imagine they are somewhere in the neighborhood, but, in my tenure, I found that drawing five little puppies in each panel was more than I can bear.” He doesn’t say, precisely, that he’s drawing the strip—that is, “drawing” in this context could be taken to mean “pictures of five little puppies in each panel was more than I can bear to contemplate all the time.” Usually, however, he refers to the art chores as something that “we” perform, nicely ambiguous. Someone draws, and he, Dean, critiques the pictures. “We.” We can scarcely fault Young for this coyness: comic strip cartoonists are notorious for keeping the names of their assistants under wraps (and, in many cases, even pretending that they have no assistants). Young mentioned none of his drawing partners in the online chat I’ve quoted from, but he revealed that he has been assisted by his daughter Dana for the last 16 years (i.e., 1989-2005). Said Young: “She’s been working in a creative capacity, and I hope she’ll be able to take it for the next 75 years.” Reading the transcript of the chat, we would suppose that the “we” Young occasionally invokes is only he and his daughter. But hereabouts, we know better, eh? Anniversaries Galore. This month Blondie will be 82 years old. That doesn’t make it the oldest still running daily comic strip (that’d be Gasoline Alley, which started in November 1918; presently being written and drawn by Jim Scancarelli), but octogenarian altitude is hard to ignore. Anniversaries are customarily celebrated only when round figure are involved—25, 40, 60, etc.—but Blondie has had enough of those to qualify for a few paragraphs here. The strip recognized its 50th anniversary with the understated Sunday celebration we see hear here.   But when the 75th anniversary approached, Dean Young pulled out all the stops and pressed all the buttons. The festivities began in July 2005, orchestrated for a September crescendo. Ostensibly, the summer’s storyline concerned the couple’s wedding anniversary, but that was in February, not September. In seeming defiance of this fact, Dagwood and Blondie and their offspring, Alexander and Cookie, spent weeks that summer planning a gala anniversary party. Meanwhile, other comic strip characters alluded to the forthcoming event in their own strips—Garfield, Zits, Mutts, Beetle Bailey, Hagar, For Better or For Worse, Mother Goose and Grimm, B.C., Wizard of Id, The Family Circus, Marvin, Dick Tracy, Gasoline Alley, Curtis, and Bizarro. And Young included these characters in Blondie. Then on September 4, all the other comic strip characters came to the party, as we see in the accompanying exhibit.   Young chose September 4 rather than the actual date, September 8, because the 4th was a Sunday, and the celebration, as planned, needed the space that Sunday strips offer. That Sunday, almost four dozen characters from as many different comic strips convened in Blondie. Lebrun did all the art, a mob scene that includes, in addition to the visitors from other strips, the Bumstead family and six or seven other cast members, boosting the teeming throng scene to about fifty characters. Lebrun’s mastery of mimicry runs a gamut from the simplicity of Ziggy and Dilbert to the more elaborately rendered Herman and, even, Flash Gordon. A stunning performance, and Lebrun’s last on Blondie. But no signatures appear on this installment— probably because there are so many cartoonists represented by the picture. A grace note. There are three gags in the celebration—one about comic strip aging, one about Beetle’s dress uniform, and, a delicious sight gag, the anniversary “cake” is actually a Dagwood Sandwich with candles on it. Nice touch. It’s undeniably an epochal occasion: I can’t think of any other time in comics history when so many comic strip characters from different strips appeared together in a single release. In the early 1900s, Happy Hooligan sometimes wandered into other strips and vice versa. Nothing on the scale we have here. But was it, as everyone supposes, a wedding anniversary? Blondie herself had been pretty coy about it all along: on July 10, when the storyline began, she says to Dagwood: “I can’t believe you still haven’t figured out which anniversary we have coming up!” Dagwood is stumped, but Blondie finally tells him, “It was when we began our lives together!” Blondie’s right, of course. But she’s being deliberately ambiguous. She’s alluding not to their wedding day, which was February 17, but to the fabled first day of the strip, when Dagwood introduces her to his father—officially September 8, 1930. That’s when their “lives together” began, after all. Dagwood, however, thinks she’s talking about their wedding anniversary. So when I first heard of this stunt, I suspected that the punchline of the story would hit Dagwood on September 4 when he’d find out it’s not their wedding anniversary that he’s been planning a party for all summer. To turn that circumstance into a joke would require “breaking the fourth wall,” of course, but that happened in various installments during the two weeks prior to the party so it wouldn’t do unprecedented violence to the fiction of the strip. Young is perfectly aware that the entire storyline conflates the wedding anniversary and the strip’s debut, but he chose not to acknowledge in the strip the dual nature of the celebration. And then the guest appearance notion probably took over and swept all other nuances aside. Said Young: “It started when I was trying to decide what exactly I wanted to do for Blondie and Dagwood’s anniversary party. Then the idea came to me that I wanted them to celebrate with the rest of their friends from the comics pages. When I realized that all these comic characters would be with the Bumsteads at their big anniversary party, the idea occurred to me that it would be a lot of fun if those characters showed up unexpectedly at the Bumsteads’ house two weeks early. … And then it got more legs right away when I started speaking to my fellow cartoonists, and all of a sudden we’re into my colleagues in the industry doing references to the Bumsteads’ big party in their strips.” Unusual—even unprecedented—as the event is, it didn’t feel all that odd to Young. “It doesn’t feel strange at all,” he said during an online chat with fans. “They’re all neighbors of the Bumsteads, a couple inches to the left or right, or a little up or down, so it’s like the whole wacky, zany community that they live in. That’s their world, so it actually feels real.” Some of the other cartoonists let Young in on what they were doing in their strips—and when they did, Young got his drawing partners to “tweak our characters, being the sticklers we are”—but Young was just as often kept in the dark and happily surprised by what he saw in other strips.  Besides the anniversary party, Young achieved a couple other historic moments in the strip. When Mother Goose’s Grimm shows up on August 25, he invades the bathroom to drink from his usual appliance: we’ve seen the Bumstead bathroom thousands of times—Dagwood soaking in the tub or shaving at the sink—but this is the first time the toilet has been depicted. And on Sunday, August 28, the Prez of the U.S., GeeDubya, and his wife Laura make an appearance. The caricatures of these two notables seem to me deftly done, better, in fact, that we have a right to expect in the usual non-political milieu of a syndicated comic strip. In this case, however, the cartoonist has had practice on political personages: Jeff Parker, who, until the end of July, was one of the cartoonists producing Blondie, is also the editorial cartoonist on Florida Today. Parker also drew Grimmy with great elan, I thought. No surprise: his other moonlighting gig is on Mother Goose and Grimm. Parker is obviously expert at aping the graphic mannerisms of others: he also drew all the characters from other strips who collected on the Bumstead lawn one day in August. Dagwood’s encounter with the President echoes an actual event in Chic Young’s life. When he was working at NEA on Jane, he labored in “the monkey house,” a bullpen full of the syndicate’s cartoonists. Walker tells the tale: “Their boss sat at a desk in front, watching the hired hands closely while they toiled at their drawing boards. They had to raise their hands to ask permission to leave, and office pranks were the only way they could relieve the boredom. One day, the phone rang, and Chic answered it. The caller said he was an executive from a major syndicate and offered him a job for $10,000 a year. Convinced it was a practical joke by one of his co-workers, Young gave the man a phony address and hung up. He later discovered that this had been a real call from King Features talent scout Marlen Pew, and he had missed his first big break.” Odd Looking Stuff. I exchanged a few e-mails with Parker, and he mentioned visual oddities in the strip other than those represented by the invaders from other strips. “There’s an eye issue,” he said: “Dag’s two big ellipses are like no other character’s eyes in the strip (apart from his clone, Alexander). Did they just morph out of the small ovals that he originally had? They always look very out of place to me since no one else in the strip sports big ovals for eyes.” Parker also noted the strange whimsy that the Bumsteads’ neighbor, Herb Woodley, and the mailman, Mr. Beasley, look alike, “the only distinctions being that Herb has a cleft chin and Beasley has a solid round chin-also, harder to notice since the mailman is always wearing a hat, but Beasley has less hair than Herb.”  Dagwood’s eyes were for most of the first years of the strip not unique to him; while most other characters had eyes with lids, a few, like Dagwood, had dots, and the dots, in all of them (including his mother), gradually elongated; still, by the end of Blondie’s third year, Dagwood’s were the only large oval eyes in the strip. And they kept expanding vertically. We cannot leave these premises without saying something edifying about the most conspicuous of the strip’s visual anomalies—Dagwood’s notorious antenna hair-do. But just as peculiar is the single button in the middle of his shirt front. Oh—and the graphic signal of astonishment, a lone exclamation point without a period that suddenly appears over the head of the astonished personage. To take these matters in reverse order (also the opposite of the way they are illustrated in the accompanying exhibit): the single exclamatory mark of astonishment was once part of an array, a halo of similar lines, as you’ll see at the bottom of our visual aid. Young slowly eliminated all but one of the dagger-like diagonals.  Dean once explained that his dad joked that he drew a single big button on Dagwood’s shirt front because it was easier to draw than several little ones. Indubitably true. But it doesn’t really explain this aberration. Close inspection of some of Dagwood’s early appearances suggests that the button in question is the residual remnant of a shirt stud, the sort that you found in the thirties on the fronts of starched dress shirts worn by the men in the Bumstead circle when they were dressed formally for dinner in the evenings. At first, the “button” appeared only when Dagwood was wearing a tux; over time, Young just kept putting it on Dagwood’s shirt, apparently forgetting what it was originally. Finally, Dagwood’s very strange hair-do simply evolved, a graphic distortion gone absolutely wacko. I’ve arranged a sequence of Dag portraits from the first years across the top of our handy visual aid. At first, his hair was parted in the middle and was thoroughly plastered to his skull in the fashion of the day; but when he was frustrated or frazzled, the hair came somewhat unplastered over his forehead, sprouting two untamed hanks of hair. After eighteen months, Dagwood’s head has not yet sprouted antenna; but, forelocks askew, he’s on his way. Another of the strip’s peculiarities involves the rendering of the male characters’ shoes. While Blondie’s wardrobe keeps up with the fashions of the day, the men are wearing shoes the way they were drawn a hundred years ago. But when the 75th anniversary celebration continued in Blondie in September 2005, the Bumsteads went on a “second honeymoon”—in Hawaii. Blondie in a bikini. Whoop! Oh—almost forgot: Dumb Dora, which Chic Young abandoned in the spring of 1930, was continued first by Paul Fung until September 3, 1932; and then by Bil Dwyer until it ended in January 1936. It didn’t last as long as Blondie. But Dora never married. Here is a short gallery of some memorable moments in the strip.   14 Responses to Chic’s Blondie Don Druid

boopadoop

What famous comic strip character was inspired by the 1936 Henry Fonda film Trail of the Lonesome Pine?

Chic’s Blondie | The Comics Journal BY R.C. Harvey Sep 13, 2012 Blondie, Chic Young’s monument to syndicated newspaper comics, began as a “flapper” strip about a dizzy young blonde named, with unrelenting perspicacity, Blondie. This was Young’s fourth pretty girl strip: starting October 31, 1921, he’d done The Affairs of Jane at N.E.A. for six months until March 18, 1922; and then he’d come to New York and done Beautiful Bab for Bell Syndicate for almost a year (July 10, 1922 – April 14, 1923) before joining the King Features art department in 1923 and, after a suitable apprenticeship, creating Dumb Dora on June 30, 1924. Dora proved popular enough to last longer than its forerunners, and when the 1929 stock market crash wiped out his savings, Young, thinking he had leverage, lobbied for more money.   But he met immediately a parsimonious obstacle in Joseph V. Connolly, King’s energetic and imaginative general manager, who was not inclined in the direction of salary increases. Young threatened to quit; Connolly still resisted. So Young packed himself and his wife off to the French Riviera to make his point. When Connolly wired, pleading him to return, Young consented—but only for a bigger piece of the action and ownership of the new strip he would concoct. Connolly agreed, provided Young could come up with an acceptable creation. Returning to New York, Young spent the summer of 1930 devising a new strip. It was yet another pretty girl feature so it couldn’t have taken that much devising, but this one would reign as one of the world’s most widely circulated strips for longer than just about anybody. But, as we shall see anon, it did not achieve this prominence as a pretty girl strip. By the time Young got to Blondie, he had honed his drawing style. Although the mannered manikin poses persisted in his renderings of his heroine, his line was a little freer, lighter, better suited for limning Blondie’s lithe winsome figure. His spotting of solid blacks gave the pictures a pleasant, eye-appealing accent, and his deployment of gray tones molded figures as well as imparting visual variety to the passing scenes. And Blondie’s wardrobe had achieved a frilly femininity that Dora’s only hinted at. Some of the daintiness slowly disappeared over the years, but Young and his assistants always turned out a fashionably attired and physically appealing Blondie, perhaps the sexiest comic strip character in the funnies. In the 1950s, the stylistic tropes of Young’s drawings assumed iconic status: it was as unthinkable to alter the number of curls on Blondie’s head as it was to eliminate Dagwood’s antenna. The characters in the strip were always severely “on model.” But Blondie’s figure had expanded somewhat: as Liberty Meadows’ Frank Cho observed (while fighting to preserve Brandy’s figure), Blondie’s bust was the stuff of Playboy dreams. As a limner of the curvaceous gender, Young had unlikely roots. Although born in Chicago in 1901, he grew up in south St. Louis where his family moved early in the century. The south side of St. Louis was an enclave of German-Americans so Chic’s Lutheran father, a shoe salesman, felt at home, and his children inherited such stolid Teutonic neighborhood traits as stubbornness, dedication, and frugality. Nothing artistic inherent in that mix, but art dominated in the family milieu. Chic’s mother was a painter who encouraged artistic expression in her children. Her daughter was a commercial artist before she married; Chic’s older brother, Lyman, would make a life’s work out of a boys adventure strip, Tim Tyler’s Luck; and another brother, Walter, painted. Lyman encouraged Chic (whose actual name was Murat Bernard) to pursue drawing, and Chic dutifully scribbled away. In high school, his pictures decorated the yearbook. But his father’s practicality urged him into other pursuits as a way of earning money. (His father, reported Rick Marschall in Blondie and Dagwood’s America, “never quite understood how artists could think they were doing honest work.”) After school, the teenaged Chic worked as a postal clerk on weekdays, and on Saturday, he worked in his father’s shoe store. After graduating from high school, Chic went to Chicago where he found a job as a stenographer while attending night classes at the Chicago Art Institute. Chicago at the time was a hotbed of cartooning talent, all on the cusp of fame—Billy DeBeck (Barney Google), Elzie Segar (Popeye), Frank King (Gasoline Alley), and Carl Ed (Harold Teen); all drew in a kindred manner that came to be called “the Chicago school.” One of Chic’s classmates, Edgar Martin (creator, later, of Boots and Her Buddies) was hired by the Newspaper Enterprise Association in Cleveland and encouraged Chic to join him there. Soon after arriving in the NEA bullpen, Young created The Affairs of Jane. Jane, Brian Walker explains (in Chic Young’s Blondie: The Complete Daily Comic Strips from 1930-1931), was a conniving female: “A highschool dropout who was courted by a string of hapless suitors, Jane concocted get-rich-quick schemes in a desperate attempt to escape from her modest, small-town circumstances and had a brief career as a film actress.” But Young got into a salary dispute with his bosses, and both Jane and her creator were shortly thereafter terminated. Then Young went to New York, where, as we’ve noted, he created two more pretty girl strips before inventing Blondie in the aftermath of another salary dispute. Before Blondie debuted, it enjoyed a legendary promotional campaign that began (as Walker tells us) when newspaper editors around the country were sent an announcement of the engagement of Dagwood Bumstead to Blondie Boopadoop. This was followed by a letter from the Bumstead attorney, who alleged the engagement announcement was “a pure fabrication of fancy, if not a malicious attempt on the part of this Miss Blondie Boopadoop.” After which came a handwritten note from Blondie herself, protesting her innocence and saying she’d soon arrive to explain “in person.” She also said she was sending her luggage on ahead: “When you get it, hold it for me and don’t peek inside.” A few days later, a cardboard suitcase was delivered to editors’ offices, with a note from Blondie, admonishing: “Don’t peek into it.” It being a blatant promotion, everyone peeked. The suitcase contained women’s clothing—for a paper doll. Next, as promised, Blondie herself arrived—a cut-out paper doll in her lingerie. With a note: “Here I am, just like I told you I’d be. Only, please, Mr. Editor, put some clothes on me quick. I sent them on ahead, you remember my pink bag. I’m so embarrassed! Blondie.” Those were the halcyon days of syndicate promotions. “In spite of King Features’ ambitious promotion,” Walker writes, “Blondie sold only moderately. It debuted on September 8, 1930, in a few small city newspapers [but didn’t] appear in Hearst’s New York American [until] September 15. New [subscribing newspapers] usually ran the first twelve episodes to fill their readers in on the background story and then picked up the continuity from there.” Yes, continuity: the first years of Blondie were storytelling years, the story of a courtship. Dagwood introduces Blondie to his grumpy father, a railroad tycoon, in the very first strip, but the two lovers don’t marry until February 17, 1933.   For the intervening two-and-a-half years, the couple struggles to get Dagwood’s parents to consent to his marrying this very pretty but not, seemingly, too smart young woman who might well be a gold-digger, out after the Bumstead billions. While the impending nuptials are held in abeyance, Blondie, displaying a scatterbrain practicality, flatters the parental Bumsteads to earn their approval and almost wins them over when she inherits money until they find out the amount is $283. She even works for the Bumstead company for a time and becomes Mrs. Bumstead’s social secretary briefly. And occasionally, when off-duty, she entertains visits from young male admirers. The flock of males that hovers around Blondie is not as numerous in the daily sequences as it is in the Sunday strips, which are not part of the daily continuity. In the dailies, Blondie displays more constancy. Although she enjoys the affections of an extraordinarily handsome neighbor, Gil McDonald, for a brief time (June through mid-October 1932), when her engagement to Dagwood has been called off—and is even engaged to Gil for a few weeks—Dagwood is never far away and is always, it seems, in her flighty young heart. But as a pretty girl strip, Blondie was about to fade away after a couple years until Young and syndicate officials hit upon a way to resuscitate their somewhat dingy blonde. They decided to marry her off, and they picked Dagwood Bumstead, heir to the millions generated by the Bumstead Locomotive Works. Dagwood goes on a hunger strike to wear down his parents’ resistance to his marrying Blondie, a stunt that attracted considerable press at the time and, naturally, stimulated circulation. Starting on January 3, 1933, the strike lasted until January 30 (official time—28 days, 7 hours, 8 minutes and 22 seconds), with a count-down posted every day in the strip as Dagwood wastes away. (Later, when he finally arises from his bed, we see heaps of dishes under the covers. Perhaps he’s been eating all the time? Ah, young love.) His parents finally consent to the marriage, but Dagwood’s father disinherits his son, a callous strategy perhaps, but one that opened the way for Blondie and Dagwood to become The American Newlyweds, then The American Young Mother and Father, and, ultimately, The American Family, a niche the strip has enjoyed for most of its 82-year history. The newlyweds take up housekeeping in much the same state as every other couple getting married during the Depression—virtually penniless. Which necessitated that Dagwood find employment. And that led eventually to his boss, Mister Dithers. And being late to work. And so on. With their marriage, the strip became a domestic comedy, and readers encountered one of the most revolutionary of Young’s plot devices: Blondie and Dagwood sleep in a double bed, not twin beds, which was the fashion in entertainments of the repressive 1930s. According to an article in The Saturday Evening Post (April 10, 1948), Young “steadfastly refused” to be “bullied” by “skittish readers” into getting the Bumsteads twin beds. “He holds, and the fan mail he gets from clergymen sustains him, that twin beds constitute a major threat to the solidity of marriage. He is very stubborn about this.” The solidity of the Bumstead marriage resulted in Baby Dumpling’s birth on April 15, 1934, and with that, the strip established itself as the pace-setter for its genre, inspiring almost as much merchandising in its heyday as Peanuts did in its. As a measure of its popularity: when Blondie and Dagwood produced a daughter in 1941 and Young ran a contest to name the new arrival, 431,275 people submitted suggestions. “Cookie” was the result. Blondie was not much different from her predecessors, Jane, Bab and Dora—until she married. Like them, she was at first a witless flapper, but as a wife, her nonsense was often common sense (albeit uncommonly phrased or applied), and Dagwood emerged as the family flake. And then the iconic American domestic comedy began in earnest, raising the strip to hitherto unequaled popularity and soaring circulation for most of its run. So far. At the last tabulation I’m aware of (June 2002), Blondie was appearing in 2,000-plus newspapers, joining Dilbert and For Better or For Worse in the same bracket, behind only Garfield with 2,600 papers and Peanuts with 2,400. No other strips tallied more than 1,900 papers. Sustaining the Icon. Chic Young undoubtedly created one of the medium’s masterpieces. But he had expert help for most of Blondie’s run. Ray McGill and Jim Raymond were assisting him in the 1940s. Raymond’s stint on the strip began in tragedy. Young’s first-born son, Wayne, died of jaundice in 1937 in the midst of the emerging popularity of Blondie and Dagwood’s first-born, Alexander (aka Baby Dumpling). Unable to face doing gags about a toddler, Young and his wife took a sabbatical to Europe, leaving the strip in Raymond’s care. Raymond continued to assist on the strip thereafter, taking over completely in about 1950 when Young’s eyesight began to fail. By the time he died in 1981, Raymond had possibly worked longer on the strip than Young—44 years (except for an interval in the late 1940s when he concentrated on Blondie’s Sunday topper, Colonel Potterby and the Duchess) compared to its originator’s 43.             Alexander, incidentally, was named for Raymond’s older brother, who was one of Young’s assistants on Blondie for a time in early 1930s (he drew some of the wedding scene, for instance, and many of the supporting cast, such as Gil McDonald, who look a little more fashionably handsome than Dagwood and his comedic cohorts) but gained considerable more fame later as the creator of Flash Gordon, Secret Agent X-9, Jungle Jim, and Rip Kirby. Jim Raymond’s assistant, Mike Gersher, took over after Raymond’s death, and when Gersher left the strip, he was followed by Stan Drake (1984-1997), who was assisted by Dennis Lebrun, who, in his turn, took over when Drake died in 1997 and was assisted by Jeff Parker for about nine years. Parker left when Lebrun did, in September 2005, and the strip then (and now) fell to John Marshall, who, in the custom of the strip’s management, is grooming an assistant to take over the drawing in some distant day in the future—Frank Cummings. Stan Drake’s connection with Blondie was highly unusual. He’d made his name with The Heart of Juliet Jones, a soap opera strip that he drew in a superlatively illustrative manner. His work on Blondie, while thoroughly competent (and, in some respects—backgrounds, say—even realistic), always struck me as a little stiff (and sometimes excessively detailed for the style of the feature). His Blondie and Dagwood seemed wooden. But Lebrun revived the lively Raymond line, and the strip looked better under his hand than it had for years. In fact, it looked better than a lot of its company on the comics pages. And still does. At a time when Cathybert and its ilk have made vacuous, stilted drawings the vogue, it’s refreshing to find a strip in which the characters change positions from panel to panel and register emotion and sometimes leap unrealistically up into the air, over high fences, into bathtubs, or race madly after disappearing buses, speed lines flaring, or trample postmen—behaving for all the world like characters in a comic strip (heaven forfend!). Blondie is also one of the few strips in which relatively complex drawings of characters stand at their full height in virtually every panel, tightly drawn, every detail in place, background figures completely rendered (including, often, the entirely superfluous dog Daisy—perhaps the best cartoon dog ever—who reacts to events like a miniature Greek chorus).   When Chic Young died in 1973, his son Dean took over writing the strip although he has probably ever since been relying upon gag writers (as, probably, did his father); for at least twenty years, Paul Pumpian was reportedly chief among them. In this practice, the Youngs share common ground with most of their inky-fingered brethren. Dean had been working with his father since the early 1960s before assuming the whole task of managing the verbal and visual comedy of Blondie. In recent years, he has attempted to bring the strip into contemporary suburban America by giving Blondie a catering business to run, but the focus of the strip remains pretty much what it has always been: the basic aspects of ordinary living—eating, sleeping, earning a living, and managing a household. Dagwood and his family are ordinary folks, and most of Dagwood’s adventures begin normally enough. But before a strip reaches its punchline, a manic inventiveness, an impish perversity, inspires a zany deviation from the norm, and Dagwood, cowlicks akimbo, transcends the mundane and achieves the implausible. For those of us who lead similarly ordinary lives, the famous Dagwood sandwich is the emblem of this transition: even the humble sandwich can attain heroic, if lunatic, proportions. Thus, in the most common of our pursuits, the seeds of laughter germinate, threatening to redeem us from an unremitting sense of self-importance. When being interviewed, Dean Young usually permits those who are talking with him to assume that he draws the strip as well as writing it. Asked during the online chat why Daisy’s five pups never show up anymore, Young said: “I imagine they are somewhere in the neighborhood, but, in my tenure, I found that drawing five little puppies in each panel was more than I can bear.” He doesn’t say, precisely, that he’s drawing the strip—that is, “drawing” in this context could be taken to mean “pictures of five little puppies in each panel was more than I can bear to contemplate all the time.” Usually, however, he refers to the art chores as something that “we” perform, nicely ambiguous. Someone draws, and he, Dean, critiques the pictures. “We.” We can scarcely fault Young for this coyness: comic strip cartoonists are notorious for keeping the names of their assistants under wraps (and, in many cases, even pretending that they have no assistants). Young mentioned none of his drawing partners in the online chat I’ve quoted from, but he revealed that he has been assisted by his daughter Dana for the last 16 years (i.e., 1989-2005). Said Young: “She’s been working in a creative capacity, and I hope she’ll be able to take it for the next 75 years.” Reading the transcript of the chat, we would suppose that the “we” Young occasionally invokes is only he and his daughter. But hereabouts, we know better, eh? Anniversaries Galore. This month Blondie will be 82 years old. That doesn’t make it the oldest still running daily comic strip (that’d be Gasoline Alley, which started in November 1918; presently being written and drawn by Jim Scancarelli), but octogenarian altitude is hard to ignore. Anniversaries are customarily celebrated only when round figure are involved—25, 40, 60, etc.—but Blondie has had enough of those to qualify for a few paragraphs here. The strip recognized its 50th anniversary with the understated Sunday celebration we see hear here.   But when the 75th anniversary approached, Dean Young pulled out all the stops and pressed all the buttons. The festivities began in July 2005, orchestrated for a September crescendo. Ostensibly, the summer’s storyline concerned the couple’s wedding anniversary, but that was in February, not September. In seeming defiance of this fact, Dagwood and Blondie and their offspring, Alexander and Cookie, spent weeks that summer planning a gala anniversary party. Meanwhile, other comic strip characters alluded to the forthcoming event in their own strips—Garfield, Zits, Mutts, Beetle Bailey, Hagar, For Better or For Worse, Mother Goose and Grimm, B.C., Wizard of Id, The Family Circus, Marvin, Dick Tracy, Gasoline Alley, Curtis, and Bizarro. And Young included these characters in Blondie. Then on September 4, all the other comic strip characters came to the party, as we see in the accompanying exhibit.   Young chose September 4 rather than the actual date, September 8, because the 4th was a Sunday, and the celebration, as planned, needed the space that Sunday strips offer. That Sunday, almost four dozen characters from as many different comic strips convened in Blondie. Lebrun did all the art, a mob scene that includes, in addition to the visitors from other strips, the Bumstead family and six or seven other cast members, boosting the teeming throng scene to about fifty characters. Lebrun’s mastery of mimicry runs a gamut from the simplicity of Ziggy and Dilbert to the more elaborately rendered Herman and, even, Flash Gordon. A stunning performance, and Lebrun’s last on Blondie. But no signatures appear on this installment— probably because there are so many cartoonists represented by the picture. A grace note. There are three gags in the celebration—one about comic strip aging, one about Beetle’s dress uniform, and, a delicious sight gag, the anniversary “cake” is actually a Dagwood Sandwich with candles on it. Nice touch. It’s undeniably an epochal occasion: I can’t think of any other time in comics history when so many comic strip characters from different strips appeared together in a single release. In the early 1900s, Happy Hooligan sometimes wandered into other strips and vice versa. Nothing on the scale we have here. But was it, as everyone supposes, a wedding anniversary? Blondie herself had been pretty coy about it all along: on July 10, when the storyline began, she says to Dagwood: “I can’t believe you still haven’t figured out which anniversary we have coming up!” Dagwood is stumped, but Blondie finally tells him, “It was when we began our lives together!” Blondie’s right, of course. But she’s being deliberately ambiguous. She’s alluding not to their wedding day, which was February 17, but to the fabled first day of the strip, when Dagwood introduces her to his father—officially September 8, 1930. That’s when their “lives together” began, after all. Dagwood, however, thinks she’s talking about their wedding anniversary. So when I first heard of this stunt, I suspected that the punchline of the story would hit Dagwood on September 4 when he’d find out it’s not their wedding anniversary that he’s been planning a party for all summer. To turn that circumstance into a joke would require “breaking the fourth wall,” of course, but that happened in various installments during the two weeks prior to the party so it wouldn’t do unprecedented violence to the fiction of the strip. Young is perfectly aware that the entire storyline conflates the wedding anniversary and the strip’s debut, but he chose not to acknowledge in the strip the dual nature of the celebration. And then the guest appearance notion probably took over and swept all other nuances aside. Said Young: “It started when I was trying to decide what exactly I wanted to do for Blondie and Dagwood’s anniversary party. Then the idea came to me that I wanted them to celebrate with the rest of their friends from the comics pages. When I realized that all these comic characters would be with the Bumsteads at their big anniversary party, the idea occurred to me that it would be a lot of fun if those characters showed up unexpectedly at the Bumsteads’ house two weeks early. … And then it got more legs right away when I started speaking to my fellow cartoonists, and all of a sudden we’re into my colleagues in the industry doing references to the Bumsteads’ big party in their strips.” Unusual—even unprecedented—as the event is, it didn’t feel all that odd to Young. “It doesn’t feel strange at all,” he said during an online chat with fans. “They’re all neighbors of the Bumsteads, a couple inches to the left or right, or a little up or down, so it’s like the whole wacky, zany community that they live in. That’s their world, so it actually feels real.” Some of the other cartoonists let Young in on what they were doing in their strips—and when they did, Young got his drawing partners to “tweak our characters, being the sticklers we are”—but Young was just as often kept in the dark and happily surprised by what he saw in other strips.  Besides the anniversary party, Young achieved a couple other historic moments in the strip. When Mother Goose’s Grimm shows up on August 25, he invades the bathroom to drink from his usual appliance: we’ve seen the Bumstead bathroom thousands of times—Dagwood soaking in the tub or shaving at the sink—but this is the first time the toilet has been depicted. And on Sunday, August 28, the Prez of the U.S., GeeDubya, and his wife Laura make an appearance. The caricatures of these two notables seem to me deftly done, better, in fact, that we have a right to expect in the usual non-political milieu of a syndicated comic strip. In this case, however, the cartoonist has had practice on political personages: Jeff Parker, who, until the end of July, was one of the cartoonists producing Blondie, is also the editorial cartoonist on Florida Today. Parker also drew Grimmy with great elan, I thought. No surprise: his other moonlighting gig is on Mother Goose and Grimm. Parker is obviously expert at aping the graphic mannerisms of others: he also drew all the characters from other strips who collected on the Bumstead lawn one day in August. Dagwood’s encounter with the President echoes an actual event in Chic Young’s life. When he was working at NEA on Jane, he labored in “the monkey house,” a bullpen full of the syndicate’s cartoonists. Walker tells the tale: “Their boss sat at a desk in front, watching the hired hands closely while they toiled at their drawing boards. They had to raise their hands to ask permission to leave, and office pranks were the only way they could relieve the boredom. One day, the phone rang, and Chic answered it. The caller said he was an executive from a major syndicate and offered him a job for $10,000 a year. Convinced it was a practical joke by one of his co-workers, Young gave the man a phony address and hung up. He later discovered that this had been a real call from King Features talent scout Marlen Pew, and he had missed his first big break.” Odd Looking Stuff. I exchanged a few e-mails with Parker, and he mentioned visual oddities in the strip other than those represented by the invaders from other strips. “There’s an eye issue,” he said: “Dag’s two big ellipses are like no other character’s eyes in the strip (apart from his clone, Alexander). Did they just morph out of the small ovals that he originally had? They always look very out of place to me since no one else in the strip sports big ovals for eyes.” Parker also noted the strange whimsy that the Bumsteads’ neighbor, Herb Woodley, and the mailman, Mr. Beasley, look alike, “the only distinctions being that Herb has a cleft chin and Beasley has a solid round chin-also, harder to notice since the mailman is always wearing a hat, but Beasley has less hair than Herb.”  Dagwood’s eyes were for most of the first years of the strip not unique to him; while most other characters had eyes with lids, a few, like Dagwood, had dots, and the dots, in all of them (including his mother), gradually elongated; still, by the end of Blondie’s third year, Dagwood’s were the only large oval eyes in the strip. And they kept expanding vertically. We cannot leave these premises without saying something edifying about the most conspicuous of the strip’s visual anomalies—Dagwood’s notorious antenna hair-do. But just as peculiar is the single button in the middle of his shirt front. Oh—and the graphic signal of astonishment, a lone exclamation point without a period that suddenly appears over the head of the astonished personage. To take these matters in reverse order (also the opposite of the way they are illustrated in the accompanying exhibit): the single exclamatory mark of astonishment was once part of an array, a halo of similar lines, as you’ll see at the bottom of our visual aid. Young slowly eliminated all but one of the dagger-like diagonals.  Dean once explained that his dad joked that he drew a single big button on Dagwood’s shirt front because it was easier to draw than several little ones. Indubitably true. But it doesn’t really explain this aberration. Close inspection of some of Dagwood’s early appearances suggests that the button in question is the residual remnant of a shirt stud, the sort that you found in the thirties on the fronts of starched dress shirts worn by the men in the Bumstead circle when they were dressed formally for dinner in the evenings. At first, the “button” appeared only when Dagwood was wearing a tux; over time, Young just kept putting it on Dagwood’s shirt, apparently forgetting what it was originally. Finally, Dagwood’s very strange hair-do simply evolved, a graphic distortion gone absolutely wacko. I’ve arranged a sequence of Dag portraits from the first years across the top of our handy visual aid. At first, his hair was parted in the middle and was thoroughly plastered to his skull in the fashion of the day; but when he was frustrated or frazzled, the hair came somewhat unplastered over his forehead, sprouting two untamed hanks of hair. After eighteen months, Dagwood’s head has not yet sprouted antenna; but, forelocks askew, he’s on his way. Another of the strip’s peculiarities involves the rendering of the male characters’ shoes. While Blondie’s wardrobe keeps up with the fashions of the day, the men are wearing shoes the way they were drawn a hundred years ago. But when the 75th anniversary celebration continued in Blondie in September 2005, the Bumsteads went on a “second honeymoon”—in Hawaii. Blondie in a bikini. Whoop! Oh—almost forgot: Dumb Dora, which Chic Young abandoned in the spring of 1930, was continued first by Paul Fung until September 3, 1932; and then by Bil Dwyer until it ended in January 1936. It didn’t last as long as Blondie. But Dora never married. Here is a short gallery of some memorable moments in the strip.   14 Responses to Chic’s Blondie Don Druid

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What was the original name of the orphan created in 1924 by cartoonist Harold Gray in the comic strip we know as Little Orphan Annie?

Harold Gray, Original Creator of Little Orphan Annie Harold Gray, Original Creator of Little Orphan Annie May 30, 2010   Oval, blank eyes look back from the page at the reader, not giving any sense of the spunk that took Annie safely from one adventure to another. Harold Gray debuted Little Orphan Annie in 1924, a little girl that captured comics readers' hearts. After 85 years, Annie retired from print on June 13, 2010, but that girl is not finished with the limelight just yet...   Born in Kankakee, Ilinois on January 20, 1894, Harold Lincoln Gray grew up apparently interested in science. In 1917, he earned a Bachelor of Science engineering degree from Perdue University. A Lafayette newspaper gave Gray his first job out of school, then the young man was detoured by a stint in the army as a bayonet instructor during World War One. After the war, Gray accepted a job with the Chicago Tribune's art department at $15 week salary. He moved up to an assistant post with "The Gumps" cartoonist, Sydney Smith. Gray also began developing strip ideas of his own, submitting and receiving rejections for four years, said William Dunn in Ron Goulart's The Encyclopedia of American Comics, from 1897 to the Present (Promised Land Productions, New York 1990).   Gray created an adventure strip with a sturdy, brave child hero called Little Orphan Otto, and submitted the comic strip to Captain Joseph Medill Patterson, then editor with the Chicago Tribune Syndicate. The cartoonist's strength was not in the art - his drawings were considered stiff, primitive and without grace - but he was a true master at telling a story. Captain Patterson told Gray to make the lead character a girl instead, and the strip was accepted into syndication. Debuting in newspapers on August 5, 1924, Little Orphan Annie featured a girl struggling in the classic rags-to-riches tale, with a big dose of the cartoonist's political views added. After offending several newspapers and having the strips removed, Gray learned to temper his "strongly conservative views", but said Dunn, "the strip was often controversial."   After a few weeks in print, Gray added a character that would take on a life of his own. "Oliver Daddy Warbucks" adopted Annie from the Orphanage. The good life for Annie would only last for a while, then she was in danger or on a grand adventure. Fending for herself in the big world with her dog, Sandy, Annie always kept a bright outlook until she got herself out of the mess and found her adoptive father again. The Little Orphan Annie comic strip was so popular with readers that on one occasion when the instalment was left out of the daily newspaper, the error "caused more rumpus on the Tribune switchboard than a world war, a big league baseball game or the bombing of the post office," said Phil Rosenthal in the Chicago Tribune, May 12, 2010.   The success of Little Orphan Annie enabled Gray to syndicate another comic strip, "Maw Green". In it, Gray made statements on life and politics from an Irish point of view. "Maw Green" ran until Gray died in 1968. (Gray was against gas rationing, welfare, income taxes and other policies of the day.) Knowing his artistic skills were unusual for a cartoonist, Gray siad, I know what I want and do the best I can." The blank eyes of characters in Little Orphan Annie almost became Gray's signature, leaving the reader to interpret the mood themselves. Working generally on his own, Gray employed his cousins Edwin and Robert Leffington as his assistants, only for lettering and background work. Edwin became a cartoonist in his own right in 1933 with his creation, "Little Joe". When Edwin died in 1936, his brother Robert took over "Little Joe" until it ended in the late 1950s.   Gray described his Annie character as "tougher than hell, with a heart of gold and a fast left, who can take care of herself because she has to." The cartoonist became a multi-millionaire from his creation. Annie was transformed into a radio personality for 13 years beginning in the 1930s; she was on the movie screen for the first time in 1932 and again in 1938. The Little Orphan Annie storylines were a good fit for comic books, and along with appearing in "Dell's Super Comics from 1939-49," said Don Markstein of " Don Markstein's Toonopedia ," Annie also appeared in her own comic books from 1937 to 1948. Little Orphan Annie became a star in the many musical versions of "Annie" on stage and in movie theatres, and has been very popular in a range of licenced merchandise. The Broadway musical "Annie" kept performers busy and audiences entertained for over 2,000 performances, running from 1977 to 1983. The United States Postal Service honoured Little Orphan Annie and many other comics with 32-cent postage in their 1995 "Classic Comic Strips" series. Published in newspapers for almost 86 years, the comic featuring the requisite Annie curls, red dress and white cuffs came to an end with the last Sunday feature on June 13th, 2010. Over the years, Little Orphan Annie dwindled down in newspapers, appearing in only about 20 publications. This is not the end of Annie, though, but perhaps a beginning. Her stories will continue on in new media, theatre, graphic novels, book collections of the strip, and much more.   Harold Gray died on May 9, 1968 in Lajolla, California. After a stint of five years trying to find suitable cartoonists and reprinting old issues of the strip, Little Orphan Annie carried proudly on in her true durable style, under the skilled hands of Leonard Starr for 20 years. Starr retired in 2000. Two fresh talents took on the drawing, writing, and updating of Annie's adventures, Andrew Pepoy and Jay Maeder. Well, Annie, we won't be seeing you in the funny pages when the sun comes out tomorrow, but we will be seeing you in a lot of other places. We'll be waiting for you. * Art and cartoonist's photo are the property of Tribune Media Services, stamp property of USPS.  

Otto

What was the name of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's pet golden cocker spaniel ?

Little Orphan Annie Home Page Reprinted with the Author's Permission From the collection of Richard Olson In 1924, a comic strip artist named Harold Gray created a new comic strip for Captain Patterson's New York Daily News. It was called Little Orphan Otto, and was one of the better ideas he had come up with. Patterson thought it looked like a good concept: the little orphan, not tied to any one location but free to roam from place to place and through various adventures without the hampering presence of a family. But, he counseled Gray: "He looks like a pansy. Put skirts on the kid." (Marschall 166) Gray complied, and changed the name from "Otto" to "Annie." Thus Little Orphan Annie was brought into the world on August 5, 1924 and continued successfully until Gray's death in 1968. For 44 years, readers followed Annie through a myriad of adventures that could be as simple as staying at a farm to outwitting Nazi infiltrators. Annie stayed perpetually twelve years old, endowed with the wisdom of the ages and the innocence of eternal childhood. Harold Gray, Annie's creator, had very definite political views on society, government, and human nature. He was ultra-conservative, and had no compunction about airing his views and philosophies in Annie's adventures. He made quite a few enemies in doing so, but the enduring popularity of Annie indicates that there was an essential spark in the character of Annie that spoke to American society, whatever Gray's politics might have been. Annie was, and always shall be, one of the quintessential American heroes: a seemingly weak little girl, who had the ability to endure hardship and uncertainty with hope and hard work and strength of character. The fact that Little Orphan Annie was able to run successfully from 1924 until Gray's death in 1968, and then have a remarkably successful revival in reruns and in musical form is more proof that she is a part of American heroic mythology of the 20th century. To understand better the importance of a character like Annie, it is a good idea to break down the format of her presentation to the bare bones: The comic strip is composed of certain irreducible elements: a succession of panels (in contrast to the single panel cartoon); a story that is told (not a vignette illustration); a written language enclosed in dialogue "balloons" and placed within the image frame, serving somehow a visual as well as narrative function; presentation through mass media; and a distinctive new vocabulary. (Marschall 9) This seems rather static, but when you consider how comic strip artists of the early 1900s transcended this definition and went beyond to create an intensely American cultural mythology that grew on a daily basis, out of an allowance of three to four small squares, then the development of the American comic strip becomes all the more wonderful and miraculous. Although comic strips were developed with children in mind, "funnies" were usually drawn for adults. (Marschall 13) As early as the American Revolution, the adult nature of cartoons can be seen. Benjamin Franklin's cartoon of the severed snake with its motto, "Join or Die" is worth remembering when we consider the role that cartoons can play in a society that may be at war. Franklin was exhorting the colonies to hold together, and typically through the 19th century, cartoons were political and extremely partisan in nature. (Marschall 12) Even as comic strips changed and developed after the turn of the century, their power to comment on politics and even war remained strong, a power Gray was able to capitalize on. Little Orphan Annie came into the rapidly developing Comic Strip scene at an opportune moment. The audience was interested, the medium of the newspaper was willing, and Gray was able. However, his abilities as a storyteller and artist were not so readily apparent in the beginning. His style has been described as stilted, bland, and visually dull. But in retrospect, critics have described Gray as the comic expressionist-his art has a mood of "overall, and overwhelming, tension," with "deliberate figures and frozen backgrounds." (Marschall 173) One of the biggest points of conflict between critics and fans has been the oval, open eyes of Gray's characters. Richard Marschall contends: ...Gray infused the circlets with subtle expression and made much of little...the famous eyes were symbols of the bleak space they observed and in which Gray placed his characters in a spirit of foredoom... (168) It is rather depressing to consider that Gray felt that Annie's world was so perilous and so very dark. Nevertheless, in reading Annie's adventures, where situations are grim and Annie's circumstances grimmer, there is a wonderfully encouraging sense that somehow she will get through it, through her own willpower, hard work, and the kindness of strangers. Indeed, the kindness of strangers is a constant element in Annie's adventures: she arrives in a small town/big city and is without resources/money/strength/ friends, and inevitably, some kind people take her in and make her a part of their home. August 31, 1932 This incessant charity in some measure overcomes the starkness of Gray's artistic style, and creates a comic strip with both tension and gentleness. Little Orphan Annie is essentially a melodrama. As Annie developed, Gray's art cleaned up and his style coalesced, and "gone were the stories of the 1920s in which Annie befriended baby bears and miniature elephants and briefly became a movie star; in the 1930s she met smugglers, avaricious plutocrats, and venal labor agitators." (Marschall 168). Gray had become a story teller of the first order in comic strips. But his change in style was with America. The Great Depression had come, and he used Annie to air his views on life, responsibility, government, and human nature. Gray belonged to the old school of American philosophy, which included the Protestant work ethic and "mind-your-own-business." (Marschall 168) He believed that with a fair chance, anyone could pull himself up by his own bootstraps, and Annie was expected to do so on the average of 2-3 times a year. Why was Annie alone and forced to take care of herself so very often? "Daddy" Warbucks, her semi-adoptive parent (I say semi, because he never did adopt her - she would no longer be a "Little Orphan" if he had), although a caring and concerned guardian, had business dealings and various battles to fight all over the world. To his credit, he usually tried to leave her in the care of a good school or personal friends, but inevitably, Annie fell into danger and had to go out on the road. July 2, 1937 It was her very vulnerability in these situations that made her efforts to make a place for herself in some community all the more interesting and heroic. Take for example, one of her adventures in the early 1930s. On route to a boarding school while "Daddy" is away, Annie finds that the school is really a reformatory, (unbeknownst to "Daddy") and escapes from the woman in charge of her. She and her dog Sandy journey for a few weeks, hiding in woods and sleeping under trees until she feels safe from capture. She picks as her new home a small town called Cosmic City, and after going from house to house looking for work or board, is invited in by Mr. and Mrs. Futile, the poorest family in town. She sets in to work with a cheerful will, helping do housework, going to school and catching up on missed lessons, getting a job as a newspaper delivery girl, and starting a small newspaper and novelty store (which she turns over to Mr. Futile, who cannot find work). November 16, 1932 She essentially manages to improve the financial situation of the Futiles, restore their self-respect, rescue a small boy from drowning, and thwart the evil intents of the town rich man, Phineas Pinchpenny. Annie was to follow this model of building up herself and those close to her for many more adventures; a pattern that never palls. As World War II approached, Little Orphan Annie began to enter a more international stage. In 1938 and 39, Annie began to deal with smugglers and spies and other threatening characters whose vague plans for world domination were uneasily similar to those of Hitler. Gray was not alone in his preparation for war - other cartoonists began taking definite stands as well. As the war began in 1941, cartoonists began to make their own contributions to the war effort, by bolstering G. I. confidence and strengthening morale on the home front. (Couperie 83) Series like Terry and the Pirates, Dick Tracy, and Joe Palooka all entered the war - Terry stopped fighting Far Eastern villains and started flying fighter planes, Joe Palooka also went to war, and Dick Tracy rooted out spy rings in the U. S. In Little Orphan Annie, "Daddy", Punjab, and the Asp return in May of 1942 from some remote locale where they have been fighting for the Allies. "Daddy" has become a 3-star lieutenant general, although as Annie notices, he is not in an U. S. uniform. "Daddy" explains: "Oh--well, you see, Annie, I got in a little ahead of schedule--after all, we're all out to lick the same gang.": May 4, 1942 We never are told exactly where he has been, or who he has been fighting with, but in his typical style, "Daddy", with the voice of Gray, has used his power for good-as far as he is concerned, "If he uses his power only for good, why look too closely into the matter?" (Little Orphan Annie March 8, 1941) This strain of enlightened despotism flows throughout all of Little Orphan Annie, and is one of the disquieting aspects of the comic strip. Punjab and the Asp have to be frequently reprimanded (but not too harshly) for removing Warbucks' enemies from the scene. They are totally devoted to Warbucks and Annie, and are very good at ferreting out villains, but their lack of reliance on the justice system and the police adds to the tension of the strip. Having established this aspect of Warbucks' character, it is easy to see why he would enter the war before America! Less than two weeks later Warbucks sets off again to "do his part" - his own way," and Annie stays behind in the household of Dr. Zee. But Gray had no intention of leaving her idle as the war surrounded them: "Don't they re'lize we can't win this thing till we all get in there an' pitch? Even we kids!" May 16, 1942 Her first mission is dramatic enough for any child on the home front longing for a real adventure. She and her friend Panda find a hidden U-boat in a nearby cove, and manage to drag a floating mine to dash against the hull and blow it up. But perhaps realizing that U-boats did not usually lie in coves around the U. S. coastline, Gray launched Annie into the Junior Commandos, her greatest endeavor for the war effort. Some of the children around town wonder why Annie and her friend Loretta never take time to play with them anymore, assuming that they are just odd. But Annie responds to their teasing: Loretta an' I have somethin' lots more important than playin', we're doin' war work. It's our war, just as much-or maybe more-than anybody else's. We're givin' all we can to help those who are givin' ever'thing for us! (Smith 48-49) June 15, 1942 And the Junior Commandos were launched: their purpose, to aid the war effort. "Scrap collection--carin' for war workers' kids--savin' fats--anti-noise patrols--sellin' war stamps an' bonds--runnin' errands--doin' odd jobs--all to raise money to buy more bonds..." (Little Orphan Annie January 6, 1943) Nothing was too big to tackle, no task too menial or exhausting. Gray intended for JCs to be very serious and "starched"-"`Colonel' Annie as she came to call herself-kept a ledger with the name of every person in town written in it," (Smith 49) and by each name a mark was made. If they gave metal, they got a blue star; if they hired a JC, a red star; and if they did not even try to do anything, they were doomed to a yellow star. June 23, 1942 Then fiction became reality, and the JCs were put into practice in real life-within a month of its comic strip introduction in June of 1942, the Junior Commandos were "one of the most successful domestic operations of the war." (Smith 49) By the fall of that year, there were "close to 20,000 JCs enrolled and filed under localities throughout Metropolitan Boston" alone! (Smith 50) The idea for the JCs had gone into practice in the real world, but back on the comics page, Annie's work was not done. Unable to stay long in any place, Annie is invited to a huge Spanish castle in a town called Riverside by a friend of Warbucks, so that she might see her "Daddy" again when he got leave. What she does not know is that the castle has been taken over by Nazi spies who are using the huge underwater cave under the castle to hide U-boats! Annie settles in happily, waiting for her "Daddy" to arrive, but begins to notice that all is not as it should be in the castle. But as she keeps her ears and eyes open, and her mouth shut (one of Gray's favorite virtues), she revitalizes the JC group that had grown lax in Riverside. She becomes their "Colonel" and drills them back into shape. January 28, 1943 This proved to be a great help, for in snooping around the castle, Annie finds hidden passageways and discovers that the real owner of the castle and his staff are imprisoned in the long-forgotten torture chambers. She and her JC companions formulate a plan to release the prisoners and overthrow the Nazi spies. With great cunning and ingenuity, she and her friends capture most of the spies and release Malcolm Mitt, the owner of the castle and the bearer of the most amazing set of whiskers ever seen on a comics page. The JCs fade into the background, and the adults go to work, luring the hidden U-boats into the caverns, removing their crews, and sending the boats out again to explode in open water. This particular adventure went on for 7 months, from January 4 to July 31, 1943. In later adventures and new locales, even in the midst of danger, Annie kept in touch with her JCs. She was famous as their founder, and would step in at a moment's notice and whip them into shape. They were to be ready for anything. Within a week of their initial inception, Annie had commandeered a woodshed for a headquarters and taken to organizing and giving orders quite naturally, a talent she learned from her "Daddy". A qualified leader and a tireless worker, Annie made the greatest sacrifices of anyone in her troop for the war effort. In the town of Gooneyville, Annie starts a JC group, but when she realizes that each JC is doing the work of three people, goes out to actively recruit the children who live on the other side of the tracks in Limbo Lake. Their scorn is daunting, but when she knocks down a bully, they instantly respect her and get into the war effort full time. September 4, 1943 But eventually Annie left the thriving JCs behind and went on to new tasks - it is during this time that Gray's own political ideology became even more evident, and he lost a great deal of the popularity he gained in the formation of the JCs. Taking potshots at what he perceived as government corruption, (Smith 51) Gray had a run-in with his local ration board, which would not allow him the gas coupons he required to go out driving around to look for new material for Annie. He took this as a slight, and in Annie's adventures in Gooneyville he created a Local Ration Board headed up by "Fred Flask" who had a double standard, driving his three cars around town. August 16, 1943 Public outrage at this whining on Gray's part was almost immediate, and Gray dropped the sequence. But other aspects of American government that Gray did not like, such as FDR, were alluded to more subtly. In 1944, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was reelected to his 4th term, and Gray could hardly bear it. In desperation, he decided that his alter ego, "Daddy" Warbucks, could not live in this poisonous Rooseveltean era. Warbucks returns from another one of his mysterious missions, but it is evident that all is not well with him, and Annie begins to worry. But Warbucks is not afraid of dying - he speaks confidently about going into death: "No one is ever in a hurry to make the final journey. But I'm as ready as I'll ever be...I've lived my life according to my time and my generation... probably it's time for me to go!" August 17, 1944 This veiled reference to his discontent with the present administration is stretched over several weeks - Mrs. Hold, who cares for him at the end admits to Annie: "Ahem...yes, that fever can be pretty bad stuff, you know..." (see Little Orphan Annie August 4, 1944) and "Some kinds of weather are worse than others for his fever..." (see Little Orphan Annie August 12, 1944). Warbucks died on August 20, 1944. But then FDR died, and Gray set to literally dancing on his grave by resurrecting Warbucks with malicious comments on how the climate had changed. (Smith, 63) August 28, 1945 Eventually the war came to an end, and Annie and "Daddy" went on to other adventures, although after outwitting Nazi spies and working for the war effort, Annie's later adventures seem to lack some of the vitality and excitement of the war years. Annie continued on her way, making a difference in the lives of the people around her, thwarting evil intent, and helping the underdog. However Annie was not, as has been so incorrectly portrayed in the musical Annie, a boundless optimist. She knew what she could expect from people, both good and bad. Educated by her experiences and her "Daddy," Annie was too wise to ever rest on her laurels. She continued working to improve wherever she went. In March of 1943, Coronet magazine pronounced Annie "more of a heroine than Joan of Arc, more tragic and appealing than Helen of Troy, and far more real than the current glamour girl to 50,000 people of assorted sizes and shapes and of all ages." (Smith 50) Coronet declared that Little Orphan Annie had gone from being a "comic strip" to a "cosmic strip". (Smith 51) It was her vulnerability, combined with her practical/hopeful philosophy that made her as appealing as she was to the American public. She was the model American: resourceful, clever, generous, self-sufficient and ambitious. She had a shield of invulnerability, partially due to the medium in which she was presented (Gray would hardly kill her off) but also due to her unfailing energy and basic belief in her own abilities and talents to take care of herself that made her stronger than most adults. Annie was a child, yet it was believable that she could develop and organize an enormous organization of children to aid in the war effort on the home front. She was only twelve years old, but it was conceivable that she could uncover a nest of Nazi spies and outwit them. She was a little girl with no parents, no last name, and no protection from the cruel world, yet she had the ability to bring out the best in the people around her, cross class barriers, and create lasting friendships within every society she passed through. Like Odysseus or Aeneas, she was sentenced to wander eternally, (Marschall 177) but we are made the richer for it. Bibliography Couperie, Pierre et al. A History of the Comic Strip. New York: Crown Publishers, 1968. Gray, Harold. Arf! The Life and Hard Times of Little Orphan Annie, 1935-1945. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1970. Marschall, Richard. America's Great Comic Strip Artists. New York: Abbeville Press, 1989. Smith, Bruce. The History of Little Orphan Annie. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982.

i don't know

The title of what poetic drama by Robert Browning was used to name a Kentucky town?

Robert Browning: Poems E-Text | Notes | GradeSaver The poem tells in detail an actual incident, and was written as a protest against vivisection. 3. =Sir Olaf=. A conventional name in romances of mediaeval chivalry. 6. A satire upon Byronism. Manfred and Childe Harold are heroes of this type. Note the abruptness and vigor of the style. Where does it seem effective? Where unduly harsh? Why does the poet welcome the third bard? What things does the poem satirize? INCIDENT OF THE FRENCH CAMP. (PAGE 17.) The incident is real, except that the actual hero was a man, not a boy. 1. =Ratisbon= (German Regensburg). A city in Austria, stormed by Napoleon in 1809. 11. =Lannes=. Duke of Montebello, a general in Napoleon's army. 20. This sentence is incomplete. The idea is begun anew in line 23. What two ideals are contrasted in Napoleon and the boy? By what means is sympathy turned from one to the other? Show how rapidity and vividness are given to the story. HOW THEY BROUGHT THE GOOD NEWS FROM GHENT TO AIX. (PAGE 19.) Browning thus explains the origin of the poem: "There is no sort of historical foundation about Good News from Ghent. I wrote it under the bulwark of a vessel off the African coast, after I had been at sea long enough to appreciate even the fancy of a gallop on the back of a certain good horse 'York,' then in my stable, at home." It would require a skilful imagination to create a set of circumstances which could give any other plausible reason for the ride to "save Aix from her fate." 14. =Lokeren=. Twelve miles from Ghent. 15. =Boom=. Sixteen miles from Lokeren. 16. =Dueffeld=. Twelve miles from Boom. 17. 19, 31, etc. =Mecheln= (Fr. Malines), =Aershot=, =Hasselt=, etc. The reader may trace the direction and length of the ride in any large atlas. Minute examinations of the route are, however, of no special value. Note the rapidity of narration and the galloping movement of the verse; the time of starting, and the anxious attention to the time as the journey proceeds. How are we given a sense of the effort and distress of the horses? How do we see Roland gradually emerging as the hero? Where is the climax of the story? Note, especially, the power or beauty of lines 2, 5, 7, 15, 23, 25, 39, 40, 47, 51-53, 54-56. HERVE RIEL. (PAGE 22.) (Published in the Cornhill Magazine, 1871. Browning gave the L100 received for the poem to the fund for the relief of the people of Paris, who were starving after the siege of 1870.) The cause of James II., who had been removed from the English throne in 1688, and succeeded by William and Mary, was taken up by the French. The story is strictly historical, except that Herve Riel asked a holiday for the rest of his life. 5. =St. Malo on the Rance=. On the northern coast of France, in Brittany. See any large atlas. 43. =pressed=. Forced to enter service in the navy. 44. =Croisickese=. A native of Croisic, in Brittany. Browning has used the legends of Croisic for poetic material in his Gold Hair of Pornic and in The Two Poets of Croisic. 46. =Malouins=. Inhabitants of St. Malo. 135. =The Louvre=. The great palace and art gallery of Paris. Note the suggestion of the sea, and of eager hurry, in the movement of the verse. Compare the directness of the opening with that of the preceding poem: What is the advantage of such a beginning? How much is told of the hero? By what means is his heroism emphasized? How is Browning's departure from the legend a gain? Observe the abrupt energy of lines 39-40; the repetition, in 79-80; the picture of Herve Riel in stanzas viii and x. PHEIDIPPIDES. (PAGE 30.) The story is from Herodotus, told there in the third person. See Herodotus, VI., 105-106. The final incident and the reward asked by the runner are Browning's addition. [Greek: =Chairete, nikomen=]. Rejoice, we conquer. 4. =Zeus=. The chief of the Greek gods (Roman Jupiter). =Her of the aegis and spear=. These were the emblems of Athena (Roman Minerva), the goddess of wisdom and of warfare. 5. =Ye of the bow and the buskin=. Apollo and Diana. 8. =Pan=. The god of nature, of the fields and their fruits. 9. =Archons=. Rulers. =tettix=, the grasshopper, whose image symbolized old age, and was worn by the senators of Athens. See the myth of Tithonus and Tennyson's poem of that name. 13. =Persia= attempted a conquest of Athens in 490 B.C. and was defeated by the Athenians in the famous battle of Marathon, under Miltiades. 18. To bring earth and water to an invading enemy was a symbol of submission. 19. =Eretria=. A city on the island of Eub[oe]a, twenty-nine miles north of Athens. 20. =Hellas=. The Greek name for Greece. 21. The Greeks of the various provinces long regarded themselves as of one blood and quality, superior to the outer barbarians. 32. =Phoibos=, or Ph[oe]bus. Apollo, god of the sun and the arts. =Artemis= (Roman Diana), goddess of the moon and patroness of hunting. 33. =Olumpos=. Olympus. A mountain of Greece which was the abode of Zeus and the other gods. 52. =Parnes=. A mountain on the ridge between Attica and oeotia, now called Ozia. 62. =Erebos=. The lower world; the place of night and the dead. 80. =Miltiades= (?-489 B.C.). The Greek general who won the victory over the Persians at Marathon in 490 B.C. 106. =Akropolis=. The citadel of Athens, where stood the court of justice and the temple of the goddess Athene. 109. =Fennel-field=. The Greek name for fennel was [Greek: ho] Marathon (Marathon). Hence the prophetic significance of Pan's gift to the runner. Compare the story in Herodotus (VI., 105-106) with Browning's more spirited and poetic version. Observe how the strong patriotism, the Greek love of nature, and the Greek reverence for the gods are brought to the fore. What imagery in the poem is especially effective? What is the claim of Pheidippides--as Browning presents him--to memory as a hero? What ideals are most prominent in the poem? MY STAR. (PAGE 40.) 4. =angled spar=. The Iceland spar has the power of polarizing light and producing great richness and variety of color. 11. =Saturn=. The planet next beyond Jupiter; here chosen, perhaps, for its changing aspects. See an encyclopaedia or dictionary. This dainty love lyric is said to have been written with Mrs. Browning in mind. It needs, however, no such narrow application for its interpretation. It is the simple declaration of the lover that the loved one reveals to him qualities of soul not revealed to others. Observe the "order of lyric progress" in speaking first of nature, then of the feelings. EVELYN HOPE. (PAGE 41.) The lover denies the evanescence of human love. He implies that in some future time the love will reappear and be rewarded. Browning's optimism lays hold sometimes of the present, sometimes of the future, for the fulfilment of its hope. Especially strong is his "sense of the continuity of life." "There shall never be one lost good," he makes Abt Vogler say. The charm of this poem is more, perhaps, in its tenderness of tone and purity of atmosphere than in its doctrine of optimism. LOVE AMONG THE RUINS. (PAGE 43.) This poem was written in Rome in the winter of 1853-1854. The scene is the Roman Campagna. The verse has a softness and a melody unusual in Browning. Compare its structure with that of Holmes's The Last Leaf. Note the elements of pastoral peace and gentleness in the opening, and in the coloring of the scene. What two scenes are brought into contrast? Note how the scenes alternate throughout the poem, and how each scene is gradually developed according to the ordinary laws of description. What ideals are thus compared? What does the poem mean? MISCONCEPTIONS. (PAGE 47.) 11. =Dalmatic=. A robe worn by mediaeval kings on solemn occasions, and still worn by deacons at the mass in the Roman Catholic church. The lyric order appears sharply developed here in the parallelism of the two stanzas. Point out this parallelism of idea. Does it fail at any point? Note the chivalrous absence of reproach by the lover. Observe the climax up to which each stanza leads, and the climax within the last line of each stanza. NATURAL MAGIC. (PAGE 48.) 5. =Nautch=. An Indian dancing-girl, to whom Browning ascribes the skill of a magician. The poem celebrates the transforming and life-giving power of affection. Note the abrupt and excited manner of utterance, and how the speaker begins in the midst of things. He has already told his story once, when the poem opens. Note also the parallelism of structure, as in Misconceptions, the climax in each stanza, and the echo in the last line of each. Tell the story in the common order of prose narrative. APPARITIONS. (PAGE 49.) Study the development of the idea in the same manner as in Misconceptions and Natural Magic. Note the felicity of imagery and diction. A WALL. (PAGE 50.) The clew to the meaning is to be sought in the last two stanzas. This is one of the best examples of Browning's "assertion of the soul in song." CONFESSIONS. (PAGE 51.) First construct the scene of the poem. What has the priest said? What is the sick man's answer? What evidence is there that his imagination is struggling to recall the old memory? What view of life does the priest offer, and he reject? Does Browning indicate his preference for either view, or tell the story impartially? A WOMAN'S LAST WORD. (PAGE 53.) What key to the situation in the first line? Who are the speaker and the one addressed? What mood and feeling are in control? Comment upon the condensation of the thought and the movement of the verse. A PRETTY WOMAN. (PAGE 55.) 25-27. Compare Emerson's lines in The Rhodora:-- "If eyes were made for seeing, Then beauty is its own excuse for being." To what things is the "Pretty Woman" compared? Of what use is she? How is she to be judged? YOUTH AND ART. (PAGE 58.) 8. =Gibson, John= (1790-1866). A famous sculptor. 12. =Grisi, Giulia=. A celebrated singer (1811-1869). 18. In allusion to the asceticism of the Hindoo religious devotees. 58. =bals-pares=. Fancy-dress balls. The poem is half-humorous, half-serious. The speaker, in her imaginary conversation, gives her own history and that of the man she thinks she might have loved. The story is on the "Maud Muller" motive, but with less of sentimentality. The setting suggests the life of art students in Paris, or in some Italian city. The poem is a plea for the freedom of the individuality of a soul against the restrictions imposed by conventional standards of value. Its touches of humor, of human nature, and its summary of two lives in brief, are admirably done. Its rhymes sometimes need the indulgence accorded to humorous writing. A TALE. (PAGE 61.) The source of the story is an epigram given in Mackail's Select Epigrams from Greek Anthology. It is one of the happiest pieces of Browning's lighter work. 65. =Lotte=, or Charlotte. A character in Goethe's Sorrows of Werther, said to be drawn from the heroine of one of Goethe's earlier love-affairs. Who are the speaker and the one addressed? Whom does the cicada of the tale symbolize? Whom the singer helped by the cicada? What application is made of the story? What serious meanings and feelings underlie the tone of raillery? What things mark the light and humorous tone of the speaker? Point out the harmony between style and theme. CAVALIER TUNES. (PAGE 67.) Note the swinging, martial movement, and the energetic spirit in these lyrics. For an account of the history of the period, see Green's Short History of the English People, Chapter VIII, and Macaulay's History of England, Chapter I. For an account of the qualities of the Cavaliers, see Macaulay's Essay on Milton. I. MARCHING ALONG 1. =Kentish Sir Byng=. The first of the family known to fame was George Byng, Viscount Torrington (1663-1733), who could not be the man meant here by Browning. 2. =crop-headed=. In allusion to the close-cropped hair of the Puritans. Long wigs were the fashion among the Cavaliers; hence the Puritans were nicknamed "Roundheads." 7. =King Charles= the First. =Pym=, John (1584-1643). Leader of the Parliament in its actions against King Charles and the Royalist party. 13. =Hampden=, John (1594-1643). One of the leaders of Parliament, known principally for his resistance to the illegal taxations of Charles I. 14. =Hazelrig=, Sir Arthur. One of the members of Parliament whom Charles tried to impeach. =Fiennes=, Nathaniel. One of the leading members of Parliament. =young Harry=. Son of Sir Henry Vane, and a member of the Puritan party. 15. =Rupert=. Prince of the Palatinate (1619-1682), and nephew of Charles I. He served in the King's army during the civil war. 23. =Nottingham=. "Charles I raised his standard here, in 1642, as the beginning of the civil war."--Century Dictionary. II. GIVE A ROUSE 16. =Noll= was a contemptuous nickname for Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Puritans. HOME-THOUGHTS, FROM THE SEA. (PAGE 70.) This poem is a companion piece to Home Thoughts, from Abroad. It is, however, distinctly inferior to it in clearness, vividness of feeling, and lyric sweetness. 3. =Trafalgar=, The scene of the famous victory of the English admiral, Nelson, over the French fleet in 1805. 4. =Gibraltar=. The famous rocky promontory at the entrance of the Mediterranean. It has been held as an English fort since 1704. SUMMUM BONUM. (PAGE 71.) This little poem, published in 1890, is one of the good examples of a love lyric written by an old man whose spirit is still youthful. There are some similar things by Tennyson, in Gareth and Lynette, and elsewhere in his later publications. Note here the somewhat exaggerated art of the poem in the alliterations and in the multiple comparisons. SONGS FROM PIPPA PASSES. (PAGE 73.) The drama of Pippa Passes is a succession of scenes, each representing some crisis of human life, into which breaks, with beneficent influence, a song of the girl Felippa, or "Pippa," on her holiday from the silk-mills. She is unconscious of the influence she exerts. William Sharp says these songs "are as pathetically fresh and free as a thrush's song in a beleaguered city, and with the same unconsidered magic." THE LOST LEADER. (PAGE 75.) The desertion of the liberal cause by Wordsworth, Southey, and others, is the germinal idea of this poem. But Browning always strenuously insisted that the resemblance went no further; that The Lost Leader is no true portrait of Wordsworth, though he became poet-laureate. The Lost Leader is a purely ideal conception, developed by the process of idealization from an individual who serves as a "lay figure." 13. =Shakespeare= was more of an aristocrat, surely, than a democrat. Milton had championed the cause of liberty in prose and poetry, and had worked for it as Cromwell's Latin secretary. 14. =Burns, Shelley=. What poems can you cite of either poet to place him in this list? Who is the speaker? What is the cause? Why does he not wish the "lost leader" to return? How does he judge him? What does he expect for his cause? What does he mean by lines 29-30? lines 31-32? Point out the climax in the second stanza. APPARENT FAILURE. (PAGE 77.) 3. =your Prince=. Son of Napoleon III., born in March, 1856. 7. =The Congress= assembled to discuss Italy's unity and freedom. =Gortschakoff= represented Russia; =Count Cavour=, Italy; =Buol=, Austria. Austria had conquered Italy. See Browning's The Italian in England. 12. =Petrarch's Vaucluse=. The fountain from which the Sorgue rises. The town of Vaucluse (Valclusa) was the home of the poet Petrarch (1304-1374). 14. =debt=. The obligation to visit a famous place. 39. =Tuileries=. The imperial palace in Paris. 43-44. What is meant? Death? Freedom? 46-47. In allusion to the game of rouge-et-noir. Criticise the taste shown here. In what sense does the poet intend to "save" the building? Describe the scene that he recalls. What three types are the suicides? How does the poet know? Why does he deny the failure of their lives? Does he base his optimistic hope on reason or feeling? Note the climax in line's 55-57. State in your own words the meaning of the last six lines. FEARS AND SCRUPLES. (PAGE 80.) The problem of the religions doubter is here set forth by an analogy. 5. =letters=. The reference is of course to the Scriptures. 17 ff. In reference to sceptical criticism. What are the "fears and scruples" held by the speaker? What proof does he desire to allay his doubts? Does he settle the doubt or put it aside? Where is his spirit of reverence best shown? INSTANS TYRANNUS. (PAGE 82.) ="Instans Tyrannus"=, the threatening tyrant. The phrase is from Horace's Odes, Book III., iii., as is probably the idea of the poem. Gladstone translates the passage:-- "The just man in his purpose strong, No madding crowd can turn to wrong. The forceful tyrant's brow and word . . . . . . . His firm-set spirit cannot move." There is novelty of conception in giving the situation from the tyrant's point of view. Compare also the seventh Ode of Horace in Book II. 44. =gravamen=. Latin for burden, difficulty, annoyance. 69. =Just= (as) =my vengeance= (was) =complete=. What conception do you get of the tyrant? What is his motive? What things aggravate his hatred? How does he seek to "extinguish the man"? What baffles him at first? What defeats him finally? Is he deterred by physical or moral fear? By what means is the poem given vigor and clearness? Note the dramatic effect in the last stanza. THE PATRIOT. (PAGE 85.) At what point in his career does the speaker give his story? What have been his motives? How was he at first treated? What indicates that the change is not in him, but in the fickle mob? How does he view his downfall? In what thought lies his sense of triumph? How does his greatness of soul appear? THE BOY AND THE ANGEL. (PAGE 87.) 24. ="the voice of my delight"=. That is, the boy's simple praises. What quality did the praise of the Pope and of the angel lack? What is the meaning of the legend? MEMORABILIA. (PAGE 91.) In Browning's early youth, while he was under the influence of Byron and Pope, he found, at a bookstall, a stray copy of Shelley's Daemon of the World. From this time on, Shelley's poetry was his ideal. The term "moulted feather" has peculiar significance from the fact that this was a poem which Shelley afterwards rejected. How is childlike wonder expressed in the first two stanzas? How is the difference between the speaker and his friend indicated? Why does the name of Shelley mean so much more to one than to the other? In the figure that follows, what do the moor and the eagle's feather stand for? WHY I AM A LIBERAL. (PAGE 92.) Note the essential elements of sonnet structure in metre, rhyme, and number of lines. See the Introduction to Sharp's Sonnets of this Century. Compare the idea of the poem with that of The Lost Leader. PROSPICE. (PAGE 93.) Written shortly after the death of Mrs. Browning. Note the vividness of the imagery, the swiftness of the movement, the rise to the climax, the change in spirit after the climax, and the note of courage and hope that informs this poem. Compare it with Tennyson's Crossing the Bar. What difference in spirit between the two? EPILOGUE TO ASOLANDO. (PAGE 94.) Sharp's Life of Browning has the following passage: "Shortly before the great bell of San Marco struck ten, he turned and asked if any news had come concerning Asolando, published that day. His son read him a telegram from the publishers, telling how great the demand was, and how favorable were the advance articles in the leading papers. The dying poet turned and muttered, 'How gratifying!' When the last toll of St. Mark's had left a deeper stillness than before, those by the bedside saw a yet profounder silence on the face of him whom they loved." What claim does Browning make for himself? Do you find this spirit in any of his poetry which you have read? "DE GUSTIBUS--." (PAGE 96.) Image the scene in the first stanza. Why are the poppies known by their flutter, rather than their color? Note the rhyme effect and climax in lines 11-13. What qualities predominate in the first scene? How does the second scene differ from it? What are the characteristic objects in the second? Has it more or less of the romantic, or of grandeur? Compare the human element introduced in each scene. Note the effectiveness of the epithets a-flutter, wind-grieved, baked, red-rusted, iron-spiked. Show how the poem explains its title. THE ITALIAN IN ENGLAND. (PAGE 98.) The setting of the story is Italy's struggle against Austria for her liberty, known as the Revolution of 1848. 8. =Charles=. Carlo Alberto, Prince of Carignano, of the house of Savoy. 19. =Metternich= (1773-1859). The Austrian diplomatist, and the enemy of Italian liberty. 25. =Lombardy=. See the Atlas. 76. =Tenebrae= = darkness. A religious service in the Roman Catholic church, commemorating the crucifixion. MY LAST DUCHESS. (PAGE 105.) Ferrara still preserves the mediaeval traditions and appearance in a marked degree. The Dukes of Ferrara were noted art patrons. Both Ariosto and Tasso were members of their household; but neither poet was fully appreciated by his master. 8. =Fra Pandolf=. An imaginary artist. 45-46. Professor Corson, in his Introduction to Browning, quotes an answer from the poet himself: "'Yes, I meant that the commands were that she should be put to death.' And then, after a pause, he added, with a characteristic dash of expression, as if the thought had just started in his mind, 'Or he might have had her shut up in a convent.'" 56. =Claus of Innsbruck=. An imaginary artist. This poem is a fine example of Browning's skill in the use of dramatic monologue. (See Introduction.) The Duke is skilfully made to reveal his own character and motives, and those of the Duchess, and at the same time to indicate the actions of himself and his listener. Construct in imagination the scene and the action of the poem. What has brought the Duke and the envoy together? What things indicate the Duke's pride? Was his jealousy due to pride or to affection? Does he prize the picture as a work of art or as a memory of the Duchess? What faults did he find in her? What character do these criticisms show her to have had? What did he wish her to he? Note the anti-climax in lines 25-28: what is the effect? What shows the Duke's difficulty in breaking his reserve on this matter? What motive has he for so doing? Where does the poet show skill in condensation, in character drawing, in vividness, in enlisting the reader's sympathy? The Flight of the Duchess should be read as a development and variation of this theme. THE BISHOP ORDERS HIS TOMB AT SAINT PRAXED'S. (PAGE 107.) Ruskin gives this poem high praise: "Robert Browning is unerring in every sentence he writes of the Middle Ages.... I know no other piece of modern English prose or poetry in which there is so much told, as in these lines, of the Renaissance spirit--its worldliness, inconsistency, pride, hypocrisy, ignorance of itself, love of art, of luxury, and of good Latin. It is nearly all that I have said of the central Renaissance, in thirty pages of The Stones of Venice, put into as many lines; Browning's also being the antecedent work." It is not, however, for its historical accuracy that a poem is mainly to be judged. The full and imaginative portrayal of a type, belonging not to one age only, but to human nature, is a greater achievement. And this achievement Browning has undoubtedly performed. 5. =Old Gandolf=. Evidently one of the Bishop's colleagues in holy orders, and like him in holiness. 31. =onion-stone=. See the dictionary for descriptions of this and other stones named in the poem. 41. =olive-frail=. A crate, made of rushes, for packing olives. 42. =lapis lazuli=. A very beautiful and valuable blue stone. 46. =Frascati=. A town near Rome, celebrated for its villas. 56-62. Such mixture of Christian and Pagan elements was a common feature in Renaissance art and literature. 58. =tripod=. The triple-footed seat from which the priestesses of Apollo at Delphi delivered the oracles. =thyrsus=. A staff entwined with ivy and vines, and borne in the Bacchic processions. 77. =Tully=. Marcus Tullius Cicero, the Roman orator, statesman, and philosopher. 79. =Ulpian=. A celebrated Roman jurist of the third century. 99. =Elucescebat=. Late Latin, from =elucesco=. The classical or Ciceronian form would be =elucebat=, from =eluceo=. Here appears the Bishop's love of good Latin. 108. =Term=. A pillar, widening toward the top, upon which is placed a figure or a bust. Who are grouped about the Bishop's bed? What does he desire? Why? What tastes does he show? Point out evidences of his crimes, his suspicion, his sensual ideals, his artistic tastes, his canting hypocrisy, his confusion of the material and the immaterial, and the persistency of his passions and feelings. Note the subtlety with which these things are suggested, especially lines 18-19, 29-30, 33-44, 50-52, 59-62, 80-84, 122-125. THE LABORATORY. (PAGE 113.) This is a little masterpiece in its vividness and condensation. The passions of hate and jealousy have seldom been so well portrayed. The time and place are probably France and the sixteenth or seventeenth century. Berdoe has called attention in his Browning Cyclopaedia, to the number of fine antitheses in the second stanza. Who are present in the scene? Who are to be the victims? Account for the speaker's patience in stanza iii. Point out the things that show the intensity of her hate. Does she display any other feeling than hate and jealousy? HOME THOUGHTS, FROM ABROAD. (PAGE 115.) Where is the speaker? What scene is in his imagination? Trace the growth in his mind of this scene: in color effects, in the kind of life introduced, in the intensity of the feeling, in the vividness with which he enters into it. What is the charm in lines 12-14? UP AT A VILLA--DOWN IN THE CITY. (PAGE 116.) 4. =Bacchus=. The Roman god of wine, frequently invoked in the garnishment of Latin and Italian speech. 42. =Pulcinello= is the Italian for clown or puppet, and the prototype of the English Punch. 48, =Dante=, =Boccaccio=, and =Petrarch=. Italy's first three great authors. See a biographical dictionary or encyclopaedia for their dates and their works. =St. Jerome= (340-420.) One of the fathers of the Roman, church. He prepared the Latin translation of the Bible known as the Vulgate. 48. =the skirts of St. Paul has reached=. Has done almost as well as St. Paul. 51. =Our Lady=. The image of the Virgin Mary. Observe our hero's taste and his religions solemnity. 52. =seven swords=, etc. Representing the seven "legendary sorrows" of the Virgin. See Berdoe's Browning Cyclopaedia, or Brewer's Reader's Handbook, or Dictionary of Phrase and Fable for the list. UP AT A VILLA is one of the best humorous poems in the language. The hero's desires and sorrows are so naive, his tastes so gravely held, that he provokes our sympathy as well as our laughter. One of the charms of the poem is the way in which he is made to testify, in spite of himself, to the beauties of the country (as in lines 7-9, 19-20, 22-25, 32-33, 36) and to the monotony or clanging emptiness of the city (as in lines 12-14, 38-54). Compare lines 8 and 82 with the picture in De Gustibus. A TOCCATA OF GALUPPI'S. (PAGE 122.) =Toccata=. See an unabridged dictionary. 1. =Galuppi=. Baldassare Galuppi, Venice, 1706-1785, a celebrated musician and prolific composer. 6. =St. Mark's=. The famous cathedral of Venice. =Doges ... rings=. The Doge was chief magistrate of Venice. The annual ceremony of "wedding the Adriatic" by casting into it a gold ring was instituted in 1174, in commemoration of the victory of the Venetian fleet over Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor of Germany. 8. =Shylock's bridge=. By the Rialto. A house by the bridge, said to be Shylock's, is still pointed out to visitors. 18. =clavichord=. An instrument of the type of the piano. 19 ff. =thirds=, =sixths=, etc. For the musical terms see an unabridged dictionary or a musical dictionary. 30. Compare the lines in Fitzgerald's translation of the Rubaiyat:-- "For some we loved, the loveliest and the best That from his vintage rolling Time hath prest, Have drunk their cup a round or two before, And one by one crept silently to rest." This is the characteristic note of poetic melancholy, found again and again from Virgil to Tennyson. 37-39. Is the ironical tone of these lines in harmony with the spirit of the rest of the poem? What does Galuppi's music mean to Browning? What does it recall of the life in Venice? Is the lightness of tone in the music itself or in the poet's idea of Venice? What emotions are aroused? What causes the poet's sadness? Is the verse musical? Does it suit the ideas it conveys? ABT VOGLER. (PAGE 126.) George Joseph Vogler, known also as Abbe (or Abt) Vogler (1748-1816), was a German musician. He composed operas and other musical pieces, became famous as an organist, and invented an organ with pedals and several keyboards. Browning seems to have in mind the complex musical harmonies of which the instrument was capable. See lines 10, 13, 52, 55, and 84 of the poem. See also the Encyclopaedia Britannica. 3. =Solomon=. Legends about Solomon and his power over the spirits of earth and air are common in Jewish and Arabic literature. 9 ff. =building=. The idea of building by music is an old one. See the classical story of Amphion and the walls of Thebes, Coleridge's Kubla Khan, and Tennyson's Gareth and Lynette, lines 272-274. 19. =rampired=. Furnished with ramparts. 23. The reference is to St. Peter's in Rome. The musician's imagination takes fire from his playing, and his music seems like a glorious palace which he is building. The notes are conceived as spirits doing his bidding (stanzas i-iii). As he proceeds the images change, and heaven and earth seem to unite with him in his creative activity: light flashes forth, and heaven and earth draw nearer together. Now he sees the past, the beginnings of things, and the future; even the dead are back again in his presence. His imagination has anulled time and space. As he thinks of his art, it seems more glorious to him than painting and poetry: these work by laws that can be explained and followed, while music is a direct expression of the will, an act of higher creative power. When the music ends he cannot be consoled by the thought that as good music will come again. So he turns to the one unchanging thing, "the ineffable Name." Thus he gains confidence to say, "there shall never be one lost good." All failure and all evil are but a prelude to the good that shall in the end prevail. So he returns in hope and patience to the C major, the common chord of life. ART VOGLER is famous, not only for its confident optimism, but as an example of Browning's power of annexing a new domain--that of music--to poetry. Where does the musician cease to speak of Solomon's building and begin to describe his own? Note, in stanza ii, how he speaks first of the "keys," and afterwards has in mind the notes; how he speaks of the bass notes as the foundation, and the upper notes as the structure. Where is the climax of his creative vision? What does he mean in line 40? Is he right in saying music is less subject to laws than poetry and painting? Why is he sad when his music ceases? Why does he turn to God for consolation? Follow carefully the argument in stanza ix. Is it convincing? What analogy does he find between music, and good and evil? RABBI BEN EZRA. (PAGE 133.) Abraham Ben Meir Ben Ezra, into whose mouth Browning puts the reflections in this poem, was born in Toledo, Spain, in 1090, and died about 1168. He was distinguished as philosopher, astronomer, physician, and poet. The ideas of the poem are drawn largely from the writings of Rabbi Ben Ezra. See Berdoe's Browning Cyclopaedia. 1. =Grow old along with me=. Come, and let us talk of old age. 7-15. =Not that=. Connect "not that" of lines 7 and 10, and the "not for, etc.," of 13, with "Do I remonstrate" in line 15. 29. =hold of=. Are like, share the nature of. 39-41. Compare A Grammarian's Funeral. 117. =be named=. That is, known, or distinguished. 124. =Was I= (whom) =the world arraigned=. Browning frequently omits the relative. 139-144. Compare lines 36-41. Note here and elsewhere in this poem the frequent repetition, and variation of the same idea. 151. =Potter's wheel=. The figure of the Potter's wheel is frequent in Oriental literature. See Isaiah lxiv. 8, and Jeremiah xviii, 2-6; see also Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat, stanzas xxxvii, xxxviii, lxxxii-xc. 169-171. In the period of youth. 172-174. In old age. What cares agitate youth? Why is it better so? Wherein does man partake of the nature of God? What plea is made for the "value and significance of flesh"? Show how Browning denies the doctrine of asceticism. What is meant by "the whole design," line 56? Why does Rabbi Ben Ezra pause at the threshold of old age? What has youth achieved? What advantage has old age? What are its pleasures? Its employments? Explain the figure in lines 91-5. By what are the man and his work to be judged? Compare the use of the figure of the Potter's wheel with that in the Old Testament. What has Browning added? Point out the element of optimism in the poem. How does its view of old age differ from the pagan view? See Browning's Cleon. A GRAMMARIAN'S FUNERAL. (PAGE 143.) The Grammarian is a type of the early scholars who gave to Europe the treasures of Greek thought by translating the manuscripts recovered after the fall of Constantinople. The time is therefore the Renaissance, the latter part of the fifteenth century, and the place probably Italy. The Grammarian was a scholar and thinker, not a mere student of grammar in the modern sense. 23. =Our low life=. Lacking the learning and high endeavor of their master. 45-46. =the world bent on escaping=. That is, the world of the past. 48. =shaping=, their mind and character. 97-98. Compare with lines 65-72, 77-84, and 103-4. 129-131. The Greek particles [Greek: oti, oun, and de.] Describe the scene and action of the poem. Note the march-like and irregular movement of the verse: does it fit the theme? Why do they carry the Grammarian up from the plain? What was his work? What was his aim? What is the value of such work (1) in presenting an ideal of life, (2) in the history of culture? What circumstances in his life enhance his praise? Did he make any mistake? Does Browning think so? How does Browning defend him? What imagery in the poem seems especially effective? Are you reminded of anything in "Rabbi Ben Ezra"? Criticise the rhymes and metre. ANDREA DEL SARTO. (PAGE 149.) An Italian painter, of the Florentine school; born 1487, died 1531. His merits and defects as an artist are given in the poem. The crime to which he is here made to refer was the use, for building himself a house, of the money intrusted to him by the French king for the purchase of works of art. For an account of his life and work see the article in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and Vasari's Lives of the Painters. 15. =Fiesole= (pronounced Fe-[='a]-so-l[ve]). A small Italian town near Florence. 119. =Rafael=. The great painter, Raphael (1483-1520). 130. =Agnolo=. Michael Angelo (1475-1584), one of Italy's greatest men: famous as sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. 150. =Fontainebleau=. A town southeast of Paris, formerly the residence of French kings, and still famous for its Renaissance architecture and for the landscapes around it. 241. =scudi=. The scudo is an Italian silver coin worth about one dollar. 262. =Leonard=. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), another of Italy's great men: artist, poet, musician, and scientist. Construct the scene and action of the poem. How does the coloring harmonize with the artist's mood? Why is he weary? How does he think of his art: what merit has it? What does it lack? How does he explain this lack? What clew to it does his life afford? Is his art soulless because he has done wrong? Or, do the lack of soul in his painting, and the wrongdoing, and the infatuation with Lucrezia's beauty, all arise from the same thing,--the man's own nature? Does he appeal to your sympathy, or provoke your condemnation? Does he blame himself, or another, or circumstances? What idea have you of Lucrezia? What does she think of Andrea? Of his art? What things does he desire of her? What problems of life are here presented? Which is principal: the relation of man and woman, the need of soul for great work, or the interrelation between character and achievement? Or, is there something else for which the poem stands? Can you cite any lines that embody the main idea of the poem? Does anything in it remind you of The Grammarian, or of Rabbi Ben Ezra? CALIBAN UPON SETEBOS. (PAGE 161.) Setebos was the god of Caliban's mother, the witch Sycorax, on Prospero's island. Read Shakespeare's The Tempest. Observe especially all that is said by or about Caliban. Observe that Browning makes Caliban usually speak of himself in the third person, and prefixes an apostrophe to the initial verb, as in the first line. Tylor's Primitive Culture and Early History of Mankind give interesting accounts of the religions of savages. How is Caliban's savage nature indicated in the opening scene? What things does he think Setebos has made? From what motives? What limit to the power of Setebos? Why does Caliban imagine these limits? How does Setebos govern? Out of what materials does Caliban build his conceptions of his deity? Why does he fear him? How does he propitiate him? Why is he terrified at the end? Compare this passage with the latter part of the Book of Job. What, in general, is the meaning of the poem? Can you cite anything in the history of religions to parallel Caliban's theology? "CHILDE ROLAND TO THE DARK TOWER CAME." (PAGE 174.) When Browning was asked by Rev. Dr. J.W. Chadwick whether the central idea of this poem was constancy to an ideal,--"He that endureth to the end shall be saved,"--he answered, "Yes, just about that." 4-5. =to afford suppression of=. To suppress. 11. ='gin write=. Write. 48. =its estray=. That is, Childe Roland himself. 66. =my prisoners=. Those who had met their death on the plain? Or, its imprisoned vegetation? 68. =bents=. A kind of grass. 70. =as=. As if. 91. =Not it!= Memory did not give hope and solace. 106. =howlet=. A small owl. 114. =bespate=. Spattered. 133. =cirque=. A circle or enclosure. 137. =galley-slaves= whom =the Turk=, etc. 140. =engine=. Machine. 143. =Tophet=. Hell. 160. =Apollyon=. The Devil. Note the hero's mood of doubt and despair. At what point in his quest do we see him? What does he do after meeting the cripple? How does the landscape seem as he goes on? What moral quality does it seem to have? See lines 56-75. What new elements are introduced to add to the horror of the scene? What memories come to him of the failures of his friends? Was their disgrace in physical or moral failure? How does he come to find the Tower? Why does Browning represent it as a "dark tower"? Does his courage fail at the end of his quest? Or does he win the victory in finding the tower and blowing the challenge? AN EPISTLE. (PAGE 183.) The Arabs were among the earliest in the cultivation of mathematical and medical science. This fact, together with their monotheism, makes Karshish an appropriate character for the experience of the poem. 1-14. An ancient and oriental idea of the soul and its relation to the body. 15. =Sage=. Abib, to whom the letter is sent. 17. =snake-stone=. A stone used to cure snake-bites. 19. =charms=. Note here and elsewhere the mixture of science and superstition. 21-33. The poet has given local color to the journey. 28. =Vespasian= was appointed general-in-chief against the insurgent Jews in 67 A.D., and began the great siege of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. The date of the poem and the length of time since Lazarus's return to life may thus be estimated. 37-38. Note the vividness gained by making Karshish keep the physician's point of view. 44. =falling-sickness ... cure=. Epilepsy. Karshish is already admitting into his letter the story of Lazarus. 48. Not only spiders, but many other animals or parts of animals were formerly used as medicines. 64-65. Karshish, still half ashamed of his interest in the marvellous story he has to tell, first gives this as a pretext, and then, in the next lines confesses. 171 ff. Belief in magic survived in some degree among the educated until a century or two ago. 177. =Greek-fire=. A violently inflammable substance, supposed to have been a compound of naphtha, sulphur, and nitre, which was hurled against the enemy in battle. As it was first used in 673, in the siege of Constantinople, Browning is guilty of an unimportant anachronism. 252-255. A good touch, to make the earthquake mean to Karshish an omen of the gravest event within his ken. 268-269. Karshish, still unconvinced by the story of Lazarus, naturally regards it as irreverent. 304-311. This comes to Karshish as an afterthought, a corollary to the idea in the body of the poem. How is the general style of the verse-letter maintained? What is Karshish's mission in Judea? How does he show his devotion to his art? Point out instances of local color. Are they in harmony with the main current of the poem, or do they detract from the interest in the story? Why does Karshish work up to his story so diffidently? Why has the incident taken such hold upon him? What do you conceive to be his character and worth as a man? What of Lazarus? What change has been wrought in him? Is he in any way unfitted for this life? To what does Karshish compare him, with his sudden wealth of insight behind the veil of the next world? Which of the two men is better fitted for the condition in which he is placed? What religious significance does the story of Lazarus come to have to Karshish? What parallel ideas do you find in Rabbi Ben Ezra and in this poem? Compare George Eliot's story, The Lifted Veil. SAUL. (PAGE 196.) This is generally regarded as one of Browning's greatest poems. Even his detractors concede to it beauty of form, fervor of feeling, and richness of imagery. The incident upon which it is based is found in 1 Samuel, chapter xvi. Saul is in the depths of mental eclipse, and David has been summoned to cure him by music. The young shepherd sings to him first the songs that appeal to the gentle animals; then the songs that men use in their human relationships,--songs of labor, of the wedding-feast, of the burial-service, of worship; then he sings the joy of physical life, ending in an appeal to the ambition of King Saul. Saul is roused, but not yet brought to will to live. So David sings anew of the life of the spirit, the spirit of Saul living for his people. Then a touch of tenderness from the king flashes into David a prophetic insight: If he, the imperfect, would do so much for love of Saul, what would God, the all-perfect, do for men? And so he reaches the conception of the Christ, the incarnation. The poem is full of echoes of the Old Testament, fused with the spirit of modern Christianity and modern thinking. It is touched here and there with bits of beauty from Oriental landscape. The long, even swell of the lines carries one along with no sense of the roughness so common in Browning's verse. Rising by steady degrees to the climax, we feel, like David, some sense of the "terrible glory," some sense of the unseen presences that hovered around him as he made his way home in the night. ONE WORD MORE. (PAGE 224). One Word More was appended to Browning's volume Men and Women (1855), by way of dedication of the book to his wife. It is characteristic of its author in its reality of feeling, in its seeking an unusual point of view, in its parenthetic and allusive style, and its occasional high felicity of expression. Those who feel overpowered by Browning's vigor and profundity of thought, might stop here to note the exquisite inconsistency between the examples cited and the thing thus illustrated. The painter turning poet, the poet turning painter, the moon turning her unseen face to a mortal lover; these are compared to Browning the poet,--writing another poem. The only difference in his art is that the poet here speaks for himself in the first person, and not, as usual, dramatically in the third person. The idea of the poem may be found, stripped of digression and fanciful comparisons, in the eighth, twelfth, fourteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth stanzas. Something of the same idea appears in My Star. 5. =Rafael,= etc. More commonly spelled Raphael. Born in Italy in 1483, died in 1520; generally regarded as the greatest of painters. The Sistine Madonna, at Dresden, is considered his greatest work. See lines 21-24. Only four of his sonnets exist. A translation of these is given in Cooke's Guide Book to Browning. There is no authentic record of such a "century of sonnets" having ever existed. 10. Tradition is dim and uncertain as to the identity of this love of Raphael's. 27. =Guido Reni= (1576-1642). A celebrated Italian painter. Berdoe says that the volume owned by Guido Reni was a collection of a hundred drawings by Raphael. 32-33. =Dante= (1265-1321). The greatest of Italian poets. His Divina Commedia, consisting of the Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso, is his most famous work. His romantic passion for Beatrice (pronounced =a-[.a]-tr[=e]-che) is referred to in his Divina Commedia, and is recounted in his Vita Nuova. 37-43. In allusion to the fact that Dante freely consigned his enemies, political and personal, living or dead, to appropriate places in his Inferno and Purgatorio. 45-48. This interruption of his work is described in the thirty-fifth section of the Vita Nuova. The hostile nature of the visit seems to be of Browning's invention.--COOKE. 57. =Bice=. Beatrice. 74 ff. In allusion to Moses smiting the rock and bringing forth water. See Exodus, chapter xvii. 95. =Egypt's flesh-pots=. See Exodus, chapter xvi. 97. =Sinai's cloven brilliance=. See Exodus, chapter six. 16-25. 101. =Jethro's daughter=, Zipporah. See Exodus, chapters ii and xviii. 136. =Cleon=. See the poem of that name. =Norbert=. See In a Balcony. 138. =Lippo=. See Fra Lippo Lippi. 150. =Samminiato=. San Miniato, a church in Florence. 160. =Mythos=. In reference to the myths of Endymion, the mortal with whom the goddess Diana (the moon) fell in love. See a classical dictionary, and Keats's poem Endymion. 163. =Zoroaster=. The founder of the Persian religion. Reference is here made to his observations of the heavenly bodies while meditating on religious things. 164. =Galileo= (1564-1642). The great Italian physicist and astronomer. 165. =Keats=. See note on line 160. 174. =Moses, Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu=. See Exodus, chapter xxiv. 186. Compare the idea in My Star.

Pippa Passes

What did L. Fran Baum, author of the The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, call his home in Hollywood?

Robert Browning: Poems E-Text | Notes | GradeSaver The poem tells in detail an actual incident, and was written as a protest against vivisection. 3. =Sir Olaf=. A conventional name in romances of mediaeval chivalry. 6. A satire upon Byronism. Manfred and Childe Harold are heroes of this type. Note the abruptness and vigor of the style. Where does it seem effective? Where unduly harsh? Why does the poet welcome the third bard? What things does the poem satirize? INCIDENT OF THE FRENCH CAMP. (PAGE 17.) The incident is real, except that the actual hero was a man, not a boy. 1. =Ratisbon= (German Regensburg). A city in Austria, stormed by Napoleon in 1809. 11. =Lannes=. Duke of Montebello, a general in Napoleon's army. 20. This sentence is incomplete. The idea is begun anew in line 23. What two ideals are contrasted in Napoleon and the boy? By what means is sympathy turned from one to the other? Show how rapidity and vividness are given to the story. HOW THEY BROUGHT THE GOOD NEWS FROM GHENT TO AIX. (PAGE 19.) Browning thus explains the origin of the poem: "There is no sort of historical foundation about Good News from Ghent. I wrote it under the bulwark of a vessel off the African coast, after I had been at sea long enough to appreciate even the fancy of a gallop on the back of a certain good horse 'York,' then in my stable, at home." It would require a skilful imagination to create a set of circumstances which could give any other plausible reason for the ride to "save Aix from her fate." 14. =Lokeren=. Twelve miles from Ghent. 15. =Boom=. Sixteen miles from Lokeren. 16. =Dueffeld=. Twelve miles from Boom. 17. 19, 31, etc. =Mecheln= (Fr. Malines), =Aershot=, =Hasselt=, etc. The reader may trace the direction and length of the ride in any large atlas. Minute examinations of the route are, however, of no special value. Note the rapidity of narration and the galloping movement of the verse; the time of starting, and the anxious attention to the time as the journey proceeds. How are we given a sense of the effort and distress of the horses? How do we see Roland gradually emerging as the hero? Where is the climax of the story? Note, especially, the power or beauty of lines 2, 5, 7, 15, 23, 25, 39, 40, 47, 51-53, 54-56. HERVE RIEL. (PAGE 22.) (Published in the Cornhill Magazine, 1871. Browning gave the L100 received for the poem to the fund for the relief of the people of Paris, who were starving after the siege of 1870.) The cause of James II., who had been removed from the English throne in 1688, and succeeded by William and Mary, was taken up by the French. The story is strictly historical, except that Herve Riel asked a holiday for the rest of his life. 5. =St. Malo on the Rance=. On the northern coast of France, in Brittany. See any large atlas. 43. =pressed=. Forced to enter service in the navy. 44. =Croisickese=. A native of Croisic, in Brittany. Browning has used the legends of Croisic for poetic material in his Gold Hair of Pornic and in The Two Poets of Croisic. 46. =Malouins=. Inhabitants of St. Malo. 135. =The Louvre=. The great palace and art gallery of Paris. Note the suggestion of the sea, and of eager hurry, in the movement of the verse. Compare the directness of the opening with that of the preceding poem: What is the advantage of such a beginning? How much is told of the hero? By what means is his heroism emphasized? How is Browning's departure from the legend a gain? Observe the abrupt energy of lines 39-40; the repetition, in 79-80; the picture of Herve Riel in stanzas viii and x. PHEIDIPPIDES. (PAGE 30.) The story is from Herodotus, told there in the third person. See Herodotus, VI., 105-106. The final incident and the reward asked by the runner are Browning's addition. [Greek: =Chairete, nikomen=]. Rejoice, we conquer. 4. =Zeus=. The chief of the Greek gods (Roman Jupiter). =Her of the aegis and spear=. These were the emblems of Athena (Roman Minerva), the goddess of wisdom and of warfare. 5. =Ye of the bow and the buskin=. Apollo and Diana. 8. =Pan=. The god of nature, of the fields and their fruits. 9. =Archons=. Rulers. =tettix=, the grasshopper, whose image symbolized old age, and was worn by the senators of Athens. See the myth of Tithonus and Tennyson's poem of that name. 13. =Persia= attempted a conquest of Athens in 490 B.C. and was defeated by the Athenians in the famous battle of Marathon, under Miltiades. 18. To bring earth and water to an invading enemy was a symbol of submission. 19. =Eretria=. A city on the island of Eub[oe]a, twenty-nine miles north of Athens. 20. =Hellas=. The Greek name for Greece. 21. The Greeks of the various provinces long regarded themselves as of one blood and quality, superior to the outer barbarians. 32. =Phoibos=, or Ph[oe]bus. Apollo, god of the sun and the arts. =Artemis= (Roman Diana), goddess of the moon and patroness of hunting. 33. =Olumpos=. Olympus. A mountain of Greece which was the abode of Zeus and the other gods. 52. =Parnes=. A mountain on the ridge between Attica and oeotia, now called Ozia. 62. =Erebos=. The lower world; the place of night and the dead. 80. =Miltiades= (?-489 B.C.). The Greek general who won the victory over the Persians at Marathon in 490 B.C. 106. =Akropolis=. The citadel of Athens, where stood the court of justice and the temple of the goddess Athene. 109. =Fennel-field=. The Greek name for fennel was [Greek: ho] Marathon (Marathon). Hence the prophetic significance of Pan's gift to the runner. Compare the story in Herodotus (VI., 105-106) with Browning's more spirited and poetic version. Observe how the strong patriotism, the Greek love of nature, and the Greek reverence for the gods are brought to the fore. What imagery in the poem is especially effective? What is the claim of Pheidippides--as Browning presents him--to memory as a hero? What ideals are most prominent in the poem? MY STAR. (PAGE 40.) 4. =angled spar=. The Iceland spar has the power of polarizing light and producing great richness and variety of color. 11. =Saturn=. The planet next beyond Jupiter; here chosen, perhaps, for its changing aspects. See an encyclopaedia or dictionary. This dainty love lyric is said to have been written with Mrs. Browning in mind. It needs, however, no such narrow application for its interpretation. It is the simple declaration of the lover that the loved one reveals to him qualities of soul not revealed to others. Observe the "order of lyric progress" in speaking first of nature, then of the feelings. EVELYN HOPE. (PAGE 41.) The lover denies the evanescence of human love. He implies that in some future time the love will reappear and be rewarded. Browning's optimism lays hold sometimes of the present, sometimes of the future, for the fulfilment of its hope. Especially strong is his "sense of the continuity of life." "There shall never be one lost good," he makes Abt Vogler say. The charm of this poem is more, perhaps, in its tenderness of tone and purity of atmosphere than in its doctrine of optimism. LOVE AMONG THE RUINS. (PAGE 43.) This poem was written in Rome in the winter of 1853-1854. The scene is the Roman Campagna. The verse has a softness and a melody unusual in Browning. Compare its structure with that of Holmes's The Last Leaf. Note the elements of pastoral peace and gentleness in the opening, and in the coloring of the scene. What two scenes are brought into contrast? Note how the scenes alternate throughout the poem, and how each scene is gradually developed according to the ordinary laws of description. What ideals are thus compared? What does the poem mean? MISCONCEPTIONS. (PAGE 47.) 11. =Dalmatic=. A robe worn by mediaeval kings on solemn occasions, and still worn by deacons at the mass in the Roman Catholic church. The lyric order appears sharply developed here in the parallelism of the two stanzas. Point out this parallelism of idea. Does it fail at any point? Note the chivalrous absence of reproach by the lover. Observe the climax up to which each stanza leads, and the climax within the last line of each stanza. NATURAL MAGIC. (PAGE 48.) 5. =Nautch=. An Indian dancing-girl, to whom Browning ascribes the skill of a magician. The poem celebrates the transforming and life-giving power of affection. Note the abrupt and excited manner of utterance, and how the speaker begins in the midst of things. He has already told his story once, when the poem opens. Note also the parallelism of structure, as in Misconceptions, the climax in each stanza, and the echo in the last line of each. Tell the story in the common order of prose narrative. APPARITIONS. (PAGE 49.) Study the development of the idea in the same manner as in Misconceptions and Natural Magic. Note the felicity of imagery and diction. A WALL. (PAGE 50.) The clew to the meaning is to be sought in the last two stanzas. This is one of the best examples of Browning's "assertion of the soul in song." CONFESSIONS. (PAGE 51.) First construct the scene of the poem. What has the priest said? What is the sick man's answer? What evidence is there that his imagination is struggling to recall the old memory? What view of life does the priest offer, and he reject? Does Browning indicate his preference for either view, or tell the story impartially? A WOMAN'S LAST WORD. (PAGE 53.) What key to the situation in the first line? Who are the speaker and the one addressed? What mood and feeling are in control? Comment upon the condensation of the thought and the movement of the verse. A PRETTY WOMAN. (PAGE 55.) 25-27. Compare Emerson's lines in The Rhodora:-- "If eyes were made for seeing, Then beauty is its own excuse for being." To what things is the "Pretty Woman" compared? Of what use is she? How is she to be judged? YOUTH AND ART. (PAGE 58.) 8. =Gibson, John= (1790-1866). A famous sculptor. 12. =Grisi, Giulia=. A celebrated singer (1811-1869). 18. In allusion to the asceticism of the Hindoo religious devotees. 58. =bals-pares=. Fancy-dress balls. The poem is half-humorous, half-serious. The speaker, in her imaginary conversation, gives her own history and that of the man she thinks she might have loved. The story is on the "Maud Muller" motive, but with less of sentimentality. The setting suggests the life of art students in Paris, or in some Italian city. The poem is a plea for the freedom of the individuality of a soul against the restrictions imposed by conventional standards of value. Its touches of humor, of human nature, and its summary of two lives in brief, are admirably done. Its rhymes sometimes need the indulgence accorded to humorous writing. A TALE. (PAGE 61.) The source of the story is an epigram given in Mackail's Select Epigrams from Greek Anthology. It is one of the happiest pieces of Browning's lighter work. 65. =Lotte=, or Charlotte. A character in Goethe's Sorrows of Werther, said to be drawn from the heroine of one of Goethe's earlier love-affairs. Who are the speaker and the one addressed? Whom does the cicada of the tale symbolize? Whom the singer helped by the cicada? What application is made of the story? What serious meanings and feelings underlie the tone of raillery? What things mark the light and humorous tone of the speaker? Point out the harmony between style and theme. CAVALIER TUNES. (PAGE 67.) Note the swinging, martial movement, and the energetic spirit in these lyrics. For an account of the history of the period, see Green's Short History of the English People, Chapter VIII, and Macaulay's History of England, Chapter I. For an account of the qualities of the Cavaliers, see Macaulay's Essay on Milton. I. MARCHING ALONG 1. =Kentish Sir Byng=. The first of the family known to fame was George Byng, Viscount Torrington (1663-1733), who could not be the man meant here by Browning. 2. =crop-headed=. In allusion to the close-cropped hair of the Puritans. Long wigs were the fashion among the Cavaliers; hence the Puritans were nicknamed "Roundheads." 7. =King Charles= the First. =Pym=, John (1584-1643). Leader of the Parliament in its actions against King Charles and the Royalist party. 13. =Hampden=, John (1594-1643). One of the leaders of Parliament, known principally for his resistance to the illegal taxations of Charles I. 14. =Hazelrig=, Sir Arthur. One of the members of Parliament whom Charles tried to impeach. =Fiennes=, Nathaniel. One of the leading members of Parliament. =young Harry=. Son of Sir Henry Vane, and a member of the Puritan party. 15. =Rupert=. Prince of the Palatinate (1619-1682), and nephew of Charles I. He served in the King's army during the civil war. 23. =Nottingham=. "Charles I raised his standard here, in 1642, as the beginning of the civil war."--Century Dictionary. II. GIVE A ROUSE 16. =Noll= was a contemptuous nickname for Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Puritans. HOME-THOUGHTS, FROM THE SEA. (PAGE 70.) This poem is a companion piece to Home Thoughts, from Abroad. It is, however, distinctly inferior to it in clearness, vividness of feeling, and lyric sweetness. 3. =Trafalgar=, The scene of the famous victory of the English admiral, Nelson, over the French fleet in 1805. 4. =Gibraltar=. The famous rocky promontory at the entrance of the Mediterranean. It has been held as an English fort since 1704. SUMMUM BONUM. (PAGE 71.) This little poem, published in 1890, is one of the good examples of a love lyric written by an old man whose spirit is still youthful. There are some similar things by Tennyson, in Gareth and Lynette, and elsewhere in his later publications. Note here the somewhat exaggerated art of the poem in the alliterations and in the multiple comparisons. SONGS FROM PIPPA PASSES. (PAGE 73.) The drama of Pippa Passes is a succession of scenes, each representing some crisis of human life, into which breaks, with beneficent influence, a song of the girl Felippa, or "Pippa," on her holiday from the silk-mills. She is unconscious of the influence she exerts. William Sharp says these songs "are as pathetically fresh and free as a thrush's song in a beleaguered city, and with the same unconsidered magic." THE LOST LEADER. (PAGE 75.) The desertion of the liberal cause by Wordsworth, Southey, and others, is the germinal idea of this poem. But Browning always strenuously insisted that the resemblance went no further; that The Lost Leader is no true portrait of Wordsworth, though he became poet-laureate. The Lost Leader is a purely ideal conception, developed by the process of idealization from an individual who serves as a "lay figure." 13. =Shakespeare= was more of an aristocrat, surely, than a democrat. Milton had championed the cause of liberty in prose and poetry, and had worked for it as Cromwell's Latin secretary. 14. =Burns, Shelley=. What poems can you cite of either poet to place him in this list? Who is the speaker? What is the cause? Why does he not wish the "lost leader" to return? How does he judge him? What does he expect for his cause? What does he mean by lines 29-30? lines 31-32? Point out the climax in the second stanza. APPARENT FAILURE. (PAGE 77.) 3. =your Prince=. Son of Napoleon III., born in March, 1856. 7. =The Congress= assembled to discuss Italy's unity and freedom. =Gortschakoff= represented Russia; =Count Cavour=, Italy; =Buol=, Austria. Austria had conquered Italy. See Browning's The Italian in England. 12. =Petrarch's Vaucluse=. The fountain from which the Sorgue rises. The town of Vaucluse (Valclusa) was the home of the poet Petrarch (1304-1374). 14. =debt=. The obligation to visit a famous place. 39. =Tuileries=. The imperial palace in Paris. 43-44. What is meant? Death? Freedom? 46-47. In allusion to the game of rouge-et-noir. Criticise the taste shown here. In what sense does the poet intend to "save" the building? Describe the scene that he recalls. What three types are the suicides? How does the poet know? Why does he deny the failure of their lives? Does he base his optimistic hope on reason or feeling? Note the climax in line's 55-57. State in your own words the meaning of the last six lines. FEARS AND SCRUPLES. (PAGE 80.) The problem of the religions doubter is here set forth by an analogy. 5. =letters=. The reference is of course to the Scriptures. 17 ff. In reference to sceptical criticism. What are the "fears and scruples" held by the speaker? What proof does he desire to allay his doubts? Does he settle the doubt or put it aside? Where is his spirit of reverence best shown? INSTANS TYRANNUS. (PAGE 82.) ="Instans Tyrannus"=, the threatening tyrant. The phrase is from Horace's Odes, Book III., iii., as is probably the idea of the poem. Gladstone translates the passage:-- "The just man in his purpose strong, No madding crowd can turn to wrong. The forceful tyrant's brow and word . . . . . . . His firm-set spirit cannot move." There is novelty of conception in giving the situation from the tyrant's point of view. Compare also the seventh Ode of Horace in Book II. 44. =gravamen=. Latin for burden, difficulty, annoyance. 69. =Just= (as) =my vengeance= (was) =complete=. What conception do you get of the tyrant? What is his motive? What things aggravate his hatred? How does he seek to "extinguish the man"? What baffles him at first? What defeats him finally? Is he deterred by physical or moral fear? By what means is the poem given vigor and clearness? Note the dramatic effect in the last stanza. THE PATRIOT. (PAGE 85.) At what point in his career does the speaker give his story? What have been his motives? How was he at first treated? What indicates that the change is not in him, but in the fickle mob? How does he view his downfall? In what thought lies his sense of triumph? How does his greatness of soul appear? THE BOY AND THE ANGEL. (PAGE 87.) 24. ="the voice of my delight"=. That is, the boy's simple praises. What quality did the praise of the Pope and of the angel lack? What is the meaning of the legend? MEMORABILIA. (PAGE 91.) In Browning's early youth, while he was under the influence of Byron and Pope, he found, at a bookstall, a stray copy of Shelley's Daemon of the World. From this time on, Shelley's poetry was his ideal. The term "moulted feather" has peculiar significance from the fact that this was a poem which Shelley afterwards rejected. How is childlike wonder expressed in the first two stanzas? How is the difference between the speaker and his friend indicated? Why does the name of Shelley mean so much more to one than to the other? In the figure that follows, what do the moor and the eagle's feather stand for? WHY I AM A LIBERAL. (PAGE 92.) Note the essential elements of sonnet structure in metre, rhyme, and number of lines. See the Introduction to Sharp's Sonnets of this Century. Compare the idea of the poem with that of The Lost Leader. PROSPICE. (PAGE 93.) Written shortly after the death of Mrs. Browning. Note the vividness of the imagery, the swiftness of the movement, the rise to the climax, the change in spirit after the climax, and the note of courage and hope that informs this poem. Compare it with Tennyson's Crossing the Bar. What difference in spirit between the two? EPILOGUE TO ASOLANDO. (PAGE 94.) Sharp's Life of Browning has the following passage: "Shortly before the great bell of San Marco struck ten, he turned and asked if any news had come concerning Asolando, published that day. His son read him a telegram from the publishers, telling how great the demand was, and how favorable were the advance articles in the leading papers. The dying poet turned and muttered, 'How gratifying!' When the last toll of St. Mark's had left a deeper stillness than before, those by the bedside saw a yet profounder silence on the face of him whom they loved." What claim does Browning make for himself? Do you find this spirit in any of his poetry which you have read? "DE GUSTIBUS--." (PAGE 96.) Image the scene in the first stanza. Why are the poppies known by their flutter, rather than their color? Note the rhyme effect and climax in lines 11-13. What qualities predominate in the first scene? How does the second scene differ from it? What are the characteristic objects in the second? Has it more or less of the romantic, or of grandeur? Compare the human element introduced in each scene. Note the effectiveness of the epithets a-flutter, wind-grieved, baked, red-rusted, iron-spiked. Show how the poem explains its title. THE ITALIAN IN ENGLAND. (PAGE 98.) The setting of the story is Italy's struggle against Austria for her liberty, known as the Revolution of 1848. 8. =Charles=. Carlo Alberto, Prince of Carignano, of the house of Savoy. 19. =Metternich= (1773-1859). The Austrian diplomatist, and the enemy of Italian liberty. 25. =Lombardy=. See the Atlas. 76. =Tenebrae= = darkness. A religious service in the Roman Catholic church, commemorating the crucifixion. MY LAST DUCHESS. (PAGE 105.) Ferrara still preserves the mediaeval traditions and appearance in a marked degree. The Dukes of Ferrara were noted art patrons. Both Ariosto and Tasso were members of their household; but neither poet was fully appreciated by his master. 8. =Fra Pandolf=. An imaginary artist. 45-46. Professor Corson, in his Introduction to Browning, quotes an answer from the poet himself: "'Yes, I meant that the commands were that she should be put to death.' And then, after a pause, he added, with a characteristic dash of expression, as if the thought had just started in his mind, 'Or he might have had her shut up in a convent.'" 56. =Claus of Innsbruck=. An imaginary artist. This poem is a fine example of Browning's skill in the use of dramatic monologue. (See Introduction.) The Duke is skilfully made to reveal his own character and motives, and those of the Duchess, and at the same time to indicate the actions of himself and his listener. Construct in imagination the scene and the action of the poem. What has brought the Duke and the envoy together? What things indicate the Duke's pride? Was his jealousy due to pride or to affection? Does he prize the picture as a work of art or as a memory of the Duchess? What faults did he find in her? What character do these criticisms show her to have had? What did he wish her to he? Note the anti-climax in lines 25-28: what is the effect? What shows the Duke's difficulty in breaking his reserve on this matter? What motive has he for so doing? Where does the poet show skill in condensation, in character drawing, in vividness, in enlisting the reader's sympathy? The Flight of the Duchess should be read as a development and variation of this theme. THE BISHOP ORDERS HIS TOMB AT SAINT PRAXED'S. (PAGE 107.) Ruskin gives this poem high praise: "Robert Browning is unerring in every sentence he writes of the Middle Ages.... I know no other piece of modern English prose or poetry in which there is so much told, as in these lines, of the Renaissance spirit--its worldliness, inconsistency, pride, hypocrisy, ignorance of itself, love of art, of luxury, and of good Latin. It is nearly all that I have said of the central Renaissance, in thirty pages of The Stones of Venice, put into as many lines; Browning's also being the antecedent work." It is not, however, for its historical accuracy that a poem is mainly to be judged. The full and imaginative portrayal of a type, belonging not to one age only, but to human nature, is a greater achievement. And this achievement Browning has undoubtedly performed. 5. =Old Gandolf=. Evidently one of the Bishop's colleagues in holy orders, and like him in holiness. 31. =onion-stone=. See the dictionary for descriptions of this and other stones named in the poem. 41. =olive-frail=. A crate, made of rushes, for packing olives. 42. =lapis lazuli=. A very beautiful and valuable blue stone. 46. =Frascati=. A town near Rome, celebrated for its villas. 56-62. Such mixture of Christian and Pagan elements was a common feature in Renaissance art and literature. 58. =tripod=. The triple-footed seat from which the priestesses of Apollo at Delphi delivered the oracles. =thyrsus=. A staff entwined with ivy and vines, and borne in the Bacchic processions. 77. =Tully=. Marcus Tullius Cicero, the Roman orator, statesman, and philosopher. 79. =Ulpian=. A celebrated Roman jurist of the third century. 99. =Elucescebat=. Late Latin, from =elucesco=. The classical or Ciceronian form would be =elucebat=, from =eluceo=. Here appears the Bishop's love of good Latin. 108. =Term=. A pillar, widening toward the top, upon which is placed a figure or a bust. Who are grouped about the Bishop's bed? What does he desire? Why? What tastes does he show? Point out evidences of his crimes, his suspicion, his sensual ideals, his artistic tastes, his canting hypocrisy, his confusion of the material and the immaterial, and the persistency of his passions and feelings. Note the subtlety with which these things are suggested, especially lines 18-19, 29-30, 33-44, 50-52, 59-62, 80-84, 122-125. THE LABORATORY. (PAGE 113.) This is a little masterpiece in its vividness and condensation. The passions of hate and jealousy have seldom been so well portrayed. The time and place are probably France and the sixteenth or seventeenth century. Berdoe has called attention in his Browning Cyclopaedia, to the number of fine antitheses in the second stanza. Who are present in the scene? Who are to be the victims? Account for the speaker's patience in stanza iii. Point out the things that show the intensity of her hate. Does she display any other feeling than hate and jealousy? HOME THOUGHTS, FROM ABROAD. (PAGE 115.) Where is the speaker? What scene is in his imagination? Trace the growth in his mind of this scene: in color effects, in the kind of life introduced, in the intensity of the feeling, in the vividness with which he enters into it. What is the charm in lines 12-14? UP AT A VILLA--DOWN IN THE CITY. (PAGE 116.) 4. =Bacchus=. The Roman god of wine, frequently invoked in the garnishment of Latin and Italian speech. 42. =Pulcinello= is the Italian for clown or puppet, and the prototype of the English Punch. 48, =Dante=, =Boccaccio=, and =Petrarch=. Italy's first three great authors. See a biographical dictionary or encyclopaedia for their dates and their works. =St. Jerome= (340-420.) One of the fathers of the Roman, church. He prepared the Latin translation of the Bible known as the Vulgate. 48. =the skirts of St. Paul has reached=. Has done almost as well as St. Paul. 51. =Our Lady=. The image of the Virgin Mary. Observe our hero's taste and his religions solemnity. 52. =seven swords=, etc. Representing the seven "legendary sorrows" of the Virgin. See Berdoe's Browning Cyclopaedia, or Brewer's Reader's Handbook, or Dictionary of Phrase and Fable for the list. UP AT A VILLA is one of the best humorous poems in the language. The hero's desires and sorrows are so naive, his tastes so gravely held, that he provokes our sympathy as well as our laughter. One of the charms of the poem is the way in which he is made to testify, in spite of himself, to the beauties of the country (as in lines 7-9, 19-20, 22-25, 32-33, 36) and to the monotony or clanging emptiness of the city (as in lines 12-14, 38-54). Compare lines 8 and 82 with the picture in De Gustibus. A TOCCATA OF GALUPPI'S. (PAGE 122.) =Toccata=. See an unabridged dictionary. 1. =Galuppi=. Baldassare Galuppi, Venice, 1706-1785, a celebrated musician and prolific composer. 6. =St. Mark's=. The famous cathedral of Venice. =Doges ... rings=. The Doge was chief magistrate of Venice. The annual ceremony of "wedding the Adriatic" by casting into it a gold ring was instituted in 1174, in commemoration of the victory of the Venetian fleet over Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor of Germany. 8. =Shylock's bridge=. By the Rialto. A house by the bridge, said to be Shylock's, is still pointed out to visitors. 18. =clavichord=. An instrument of the type of the piano. 19 ff. =thirds=, =sixths=, etc. For the musical terms see an unabridged dictionary or a musical dictionary. 30. Compare the lines in Fitzgerald's translation of the Rubaiyat:-- "For some we loved, the loveliest and the best That from his vintage rolling Time hath prest, Have drunk their cup a round or two before, And one by one crept silently to rest." This is the characteristic note of poetic melancholy, found again and again from Virgil to Tennyson. 37-39. Is the ironical tone of these lines in harmony with the spirit of the rest of the poem? What does Galuppi's music mean to Browning? What does it recall of the life in Venice? Is the lightness of tone in the music itself or in the poet's idea of Venice? What emotions are aroused? What causes the poet's sadness? Is the verse musical? Does it suit the ideas it conveys? ABT VOGLER. (PAGE 126.) George Joseph Vogler, known also as Abbe (or Abt) Vogler (1748-1816), was a German musician. He composed operas and other musical pieces, became famous as an organist, and invented an organ with pedals and several keyboards. Browning seems to have in mind the complex musical harmonies of which the instrument was capable. See lines 10, 13, 52, 55, and 84 of the poem. See also the Encyclopaedia Britannica. 3. =Solomon=. Legends about Solomon and his power over the spirits of earth and air are common in Jewish and Arabic literature. 9 ff. =building=. The idea of building by music is an old one. See the classical story of Amphion and the walls of Thebes, Coleridge's Kubla Khan, and Tennyson's Gareth and Lynette, lines 272-274. 19. =rampired=. Furnished with ramparts. 23. The reference is to St. Peter's in Rome. The musician's imagination takes fire from his playing, and his music seems like a glorious palace which he is building. The notes are conceived as spirits doing his bidding (stanzas i-iii). As he proceeds the images change, and heaven and earth seem to unite with him in his creative activity: light flashes forth, and heaven and earth draw nearer together. Now he sees the past, the beginnings of things, and the future; even the dead are back again in his presence. His imagination has anulled time and space. As he thinks of his art, it seems more glorious to him than painting and poetry: these work by laws that can be explained and followed, while music is a direct expression of the will, an act of higher creative power. When the music ends he cannot be consoled by the thought that as good music will come again. So he turns to the one unchanging thing, "the ineffable Name." Thus he gains confidence to say, "there shall never be one lost good." All failure and all evil are but a prelude to the good that shall in the end prevail. So he returns in hope and patience to the C major, the common chord of life. ART VOGLER is famous, not only for its confident optimism, but as an example of Browning's power of annexing a new domain--that of music--to poetry. Where does the musician cease to speak of Solomon's building and begin to describe his own? Note, in stanza ii, how he speaks first of the "keys," and afterwards has in mind the notes; how he speaks of the bass notes as the foundation, and the upper notes as the structure. Where is the climax of his creative vision? What does he mean in line 40? Is he right in saying music is less subject to laws than poetry and painting? Why is he sad when his music ceases? Why does he turn to God for consolation? Follow carefully the argument in stanza ix. Is it convincing? What analogy does he find between music, and good and evil? RABBI BEN EZRA. (PAGE 133.) Abraham Ben Meir Ben Ezra, into whose mouth Browning puts the reflections in this poem, was born in Toledo, Spain, in 1090, and died about 1168. He was distinguished as philosopher, astronomer, physician, and poet. The ideas of the poem are drawn largely from the writings of Rabbi Ben Ezra. See Berdoe's Browning Cyclopaedia. 1. =Grow old along with me=. Come, and let us talk of old age. 7-15. =Not that=. Connect "not that" of lines 7 and 10, and the "not for, etc.," of 13, with "Do I remonstrate" in line 15. 29. =hold of=. Are like, share the nature of. 39-41. Compare A Grammarian's Funeral. 117. =be named=. That is, known, or distinguished. 124. =Was I= (whom) =the world arraigned=. Browning frequently omits the relative. 139-144. Compare lines 36-41. Note here and elsewhere in this poem the frequent repetition, and variation of the same idea. 151. =Potter's wheel=. The figure of the Potter's wheel is frequent in Oriental literature. See Isaiah lxiv. 8, and Jeremiah xviii, 2-6; see also Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat, stanzas xxxvii, xxxviii, lxxxii-xc. 169-171. In the period of youth. 172-174. In old age. What cares agitate youth? Why is it better so? Wherein does man partake of the nature of God? What plea is made for the "value and significance of flesh"? Show how Browning denies the doctrine of asceticism. What is meant by "the whole design," line 56? Why does Rabbi Ben Ezra pause at the threshold of old age? What has youth achieved? What advantage has old age? What are its pleasures? Its employments? Explain the figure in lines 91-5. By what are the man and his work to be judged? Compare the use of the figure of the Potter's wheel with that in the Old Testament. What has Browning added? Point out the element of optimism in the poem. How does its view of old age differ from the pagan view? See Browning's Cleon. A GRAMMARIAN'S FUNERAL. (PAGE 143.) The Grammarian is a type of the early scholars who gave to Europe the treasures of Greek thought by translating the manuscripts recovered after the fall of Constantinople. The time is therefore the Renaissance, the latter part of the fifteenth century, and the place probably Italy. The Grammarian was a scholar and thinker, not a mere student of grammar in the modern sense. 23. =Our low life=. Lacking the learning and high endeavor of their master. 45-46. =the world bent on escaping=. That is, the world of the past. 48. =shaping=, their mind and character. 97-98. Compare with lines 65-72, 77-84, and 103-4. 129-131. The Greek particles [Greek: oti, oun, and de.] Describe the scene and action of the poem. Note the march-like and irregular movement of the verse: does it fit the theme? Why do they carry the Grammarian up from the plain? What was his work? What was his aim? What is the value of such work (1) in presenting an ideal of life, (2) in the history of culture? What circumstances in his life enhance his praise? Did he make any mistake? Does Browning think so? How does Browning defend him? What imagery in the poem seems especially effective? Are you reminded of anything in "Rabbi Ben Ezra"? Criticise the rhymes and metre. ANDREA DEL SARTO. (PAGE 149.) An Italian painter, of the Florentine school; born 1487, died 1531. His merits and defects as an artist are given in the poem. The crime to which he is here made to refer was the use, for building himself a house, of the money intrusted to him by the French king for the purchase of works of art. For an account of his life and work see the article in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, and Vasari's Lives of the Painters. 15. =Fiesole= (pronounced Fe-[='a]-so-l[ve]). A small Italian town near Florence. 119. =Rafael=. The great painter, Raphael (1483-1520). 130. =Agnolo=. Michael Angelo (1475-1584), one of Italy's greatest men: famous as sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. 150. =Fontainebleau=. A town southeast of Paris, formerly the residence of French kings, and still famous for its Renaissance architecture and for the landscapes around it. 241. =scudi=. The scudo is an Italian silver coin worth about one dollar. 262. =Leonard=. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), another of Italy's great men: artist, poet, musician, and scientist. Construct the scene and action of the poem. How does the coloring harmonize with the artist's mood? Why is he weary? How does he think of his art: what merit has it? What does it lack? How does he explain this lack? What clew to it does his life afford? Is his art soulless because he has done wrong? Or, do the lack of soul in his painting, and the wrongdoing, and the infatuation with Lucrezia's beauty, all arise from the same thing,--the man's own nature? Does he appeal to your sympathy, or provoke your condemnation? Does he blame himself, or another, or circumstances? What idea have you of Lucrezia? What does she think of Andrea? Of his art? What things does he desire of her? What problems of life are here presented? Which is principal: the relation of man and woman, the need of soul for great work, or the interrelation between character and achievement? Or, is there something else for which the poem stands? Can you cite any lines that embody the main idea of the poem? Does anything in it remind you of The Grammarian, or of Rabbi Ben Ezra? CALIBAN UPON SETEBOS. (PAGE 161.) Setebos was the god of Caliban's mother, the witch Sycorax, on Prospero's island. Read Shakespeare's The Tempest. Observe especially all that is said by or about Caliban. Observe that Browning makes Caliban usually speak of himself in the third person, and prefixes an apostrophe to the initial verb, as in the first line. Tylor's Primitive Culture and Early History of Mankind give interesting accounts of the religions of savages. How is Caliban's savage nature indicated in the opening scene? What things does he think Setebos has made? From what motives? What limit to the power of Setebos? Why does Caliban imagine these limits? How does Setebos govern? Out of what materials does Caliban build his conceptions of his deity? Why does he fear him? How does he propitiate him? Why is he terrified at the end? Compare this passage with the latter part of the Book of Job. What, in general, is the meaning of the poem? Can you cite anything in the history of religions to parallel Caliban's theology? "CHILDE ROLAND TO THE DARK TOWER CAME." (PAGE 174.) When Browning was asked by Rev. Dr. J.W. Chadwick whether the central idea of this poem was constancy to an ideal,--"He that endureth to the end shall be saved,"--he answered, "Yes, just about that." 4-5. =to afford suppression of=. To suppress. 11. ='gin write=. Write. 48. =its estray=. That is, Childe Roland himself. 66. =my prisoners=. Those who had met their death on the plain? Or, its imprisoned vegetation? 68. =bents=. A kind of grass. 70. =as=. As if. 91. =Not it!= Memory did not give hope and solace. 106. =howlet=. A small owl. 114. =bespate=. Spattered. 133. =cirque=. A circle or enclosure. 137. =galley-slaves= whom =the Turk=, etc. 140. =engine=. Machine. 143. =Tophet=. Hell. 160. =Apollyon=. The Devil. Note the hero's mood of doubt and despair. At what point in his quest do we see him? What does he do after meeting the cripple? How does the landscape seem as he goes on? What moral quality does it seem to have? See lines 56-75. What new elements are introduced to add to the horror of the scene? What memories come to him of the failures of his friends? Was their disgrace in physical or moral failure? How does he come to find the Tower? Why does Browning represent it as a "dark tower"? Does his courage fail at the end of his quest? Or does he win the victory in finding the tower and blowing the challenge? AN EPISTLE. (PAGE 183.) The Arabs were among the earliest in the cultivation of mathematical and medical science. This fact, together with their monotheism, makes Karshish an appropriate character for the experience of the poem. 1-14. An ancient and oriental idea of the soul and its relation to the body. 15. =Sage=. Abib, to whom the letter is sent. 17. =snake-stone=. A stone used to cure snake-bites. 19. =charms=. Note here and elsewhere the mixture of science and superstition. 21-33. The poet has given local color to the journey. 28. =Vespasian= was appointed general-in-chief against the insurgent Jews in 67 A.D., and began the great siege of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. The date of the poem and the length of time since Lazarus's return to life may thus be estimated. 37-38. Note the vividness gained by making Karshish keep the physician's point of view. 44. =falling-sickness ... cure=. Epilepsy. Karshish is already admitting into his letter the story of Lazarus. 48. Not only spiders, but many other animals or parts of animals were formerly used as medicines. 64-65. Karshish, still half ashamed of his interest in the marvellous story he has to tell, first gives this as a pretext, and then, in the next lines confesses. 171 ff. Belief in magic survived in some degree among the educated until a century or two ago. 177. =Greek-fire=. A violently inflammable substance, supposed to have been a compound of naphtha, sulphur, and nitre, which was hurled against the enemy in battle. As it was first used in 673, in the siege of Constantinople, Browning is guilty of an unimportant anachronism. 252-255. A good touch, to make the earthquake mean to Karshish an omen of the gravest event within his ken. 268-269. Karshish, still unconvinced by the story of Lazarus, naturally regards it as irreverent. 304-311. This comes to Karshish as an afterthought, a corollary to the idea in the body of the poem. How is the general style of the verse-letter maintained? What is Karshish's mission in Judea? How does he show his devotion to his art? Point out instances of local color. Are they in harmony with the main current of the poem, or do they detract from the interest in the story? Why does Karshish work up to his story so diffidently? Why has the incident taken such hold upon him? What do you conceive to be his character and worth as a man? What of Lazarus? What change has been wrought in him? Is he in any way unfitted for this life? To what does Karshish compare him, with his sudden wealth of insight behind the veil of the next world? Which of the two men is better fitted for the condition in which he is placed? What religious significance does the story of Lazarus come to have to Karshish? What parallel ideas do you find in Rabbi Ben Ezra and in this poem? Compare George Eliot's story, The Lifted Veil. SAUL. (PAGE 196.) This is generally regarded as one of Browning's greatest poems. Even his detractors concede to it beauty of form, fervor of feeling, and richness of imagery. The incident upon which it is based is found in 1 Samuel, chapter xvi. Saul is in the depths of mental eclipse, and David has been summoned to cure him by music. The young shepherd sings to him first the songs that appeal to the gentle animals; then the songs that men use in their human relationships,--songs of labor, of the wedding-feast, of the burial-service, of worship; then he sings the joy of physical life, ending in an appeal to the ambition of King Saul. Saul is roused, but not yet brought to will to live. So David sings anew of the life of the spirit, the spirit of Saul living for his people. Then a touch of tenderness from the king flashes into David a prophetic insight: If he, the imperfect, would do so much for love of Saul, what would God, the all-perfect, do for men? And so he reaches the conception of the Christ, the incarnation. The poem is full of echoes of the Old Testament, fused with the spirit of modern Christianity and modern thinking. It is touched here and there with bits of beauty from Oriental landscape. The long, even swell of the lines carries one along with no sense of the roughness so common in Browning's verse. Rising by steady degrees to the climax, we feel, like David, some sense of the "terrible glory," some sense of the unseen presences that hovered around him as he made his way home in the night. ONE WORD MORE. (PAGE 224). One Word More was appended to Browning's volume Men and Women (1855), by way of dedication of the book to his wife. It is characteristic of its author in its reality of feeling, in its seeking an unusual point of view, in its parenthetic and allusive style, and its occasional high felicity of expression. Those who feel overpowered by Browning's vigor and profundity of thought, might stop here to note the exquisite inconsistency between the examples cited and the thing thus illustrated. The painter turning poet, the poet turning painter, the moon turning her unseen face to a mortal lover; these are compared to Browning the poet,--writing another poem. The only difference in his art is that the poet here speaks for himself in the first person, and not, as usual, dramatically in the third person. The idea of the poem may be found, stripped of digression and fanciful comparisons, in the eighth, twelfth, fourteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth stanzas. Something of the same idea appears in My Star. 5. =Rafael,= etc. More commonly spelled Raphael. Born in Italy in 1483, died in 1520; generally regarded as the greatest of painters. The Sistine Madonna, at Dresden, is considered his greatest work. See lines 21-24. Only four of his sonnets exist. A translation of these is given in Cooke's Guide Book to Browning. There is no authentic record of such a "century of sonnets" having ever existed. 10. Tradition is dim and uncertain as to the identity of this love of Raphael's. 27. =Guido Reni= (1576-1642). A celebrated Italian painter. Berdoe says that the volume owned by Guido Reni was a collection of a hundred drawings by Raphael. 32-33. =Dante= (1265-1321). The greatest of Italian poets. His Divina Commedia, consisting of the Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso, is his most famous work. His romantic passion for Beatrice (pronounced =a-[.a]-tr[=e]-che) is referred to in his Divina Commedia, and is recounted in his Vita Nuova. 37-43. In allusion to the fact that Dante freely consigned his enemies, political and personal, living or dead, to appropriate places in his Inferno and Purgatorio. 45-48. This interruption of his work is described in the thirty-fifth section of the Vita Nuova. The hostile nature of the visit seems to be of Browning's invention.--COOKE. 57. =Bice=. Beatrice. 74 ff. In allusion to Moses smiting the rock and bringing forth water. See Exodus, chapter xvii. 95. =Egypt's flesh-pots=. See Exodus, chapter xvi. 97. =Sinai's cloven brilliance=. See Exodus, chapter six. 16-25. 101. =Jethro's daughter=, Zipporah. See Exodus, chapters ii and xviii. 136. =Cleon=. See the poem of that name. =Norbert=. See In a Balcony. 138. =Lippo=. See Fra Lippo Lippi. 150. =Samminiato=. San Miniato, a church in Florence. 160. =Mythos=. In reference to the myths of Endymion, the mortal with whom the goddess Diana (the moon) fell in love. See a classical dictionary, and Keats's poem Endymion. 163. =Zoroaster=. The founder of the Persian religion. Reference is here made to his observations of the heavenly bodies while meditating on religious things. 164. =Galileo= (1564-1642). The great Italian physicist and astronomer. 165. =Keats=. See note on line 160. 174. =Moses, Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu=. See Exodus, chapter xxiv. 186. Compare the idea in My Star.

i don't know

What exotic city was featured in National Geographic magazine's first photo story in 1905?

National Geographic Magazine - NGM.com Published: September 2015 How a Remote Peak in Myanmar Nearly Broke an Elite Team of Climbers On one of mountaineering’s most dangerous journeys, group was pushed to the limit by physical and mental challenges. By Mark Jenkins Photographs by Cory Richards Photograph above by Renan Ozturk The wind slams into me, and I desperately grip my ice axes to keep from being ripped off the mountain face. I push my head against the snow, calm myself, and look down. Beneath my crampons is a 5,000-foot drop. It’s like looking down from the open door of an airplane. I am roped to my two companions, with nothing attaching us to the mountain. A fall here would send all three of us plummeting to our death. When the wind subsides, I pound an aluminum stake into the snow and clip the rope to it. It wouldn’t hold if I were to fall but gives me enough psychological comfort to continue. I concentrate, methodically swinging my ice tools and kicking my crampons. At a rock rampart I place an anchor and belay my partners, Cory Richards and Renan Ozturk, across the chasm. “Nice lead, dude!” Cory shouts above the roar of the wind when he arrives. He climbs onward, slanting left, searching for a passage up through the granite and snow. When Renan reaches me, there is no room on my ledge, so he traverses out to his own perch. Cory carefully tiptoes the teeth of his crampons along a thin ledge above us and disappears from sight. Renan and I wait, hunched against the wind. We stomp our feet and painfully slap our gloved hands. We are too far apart to talk. We just stand there, together but alone, on the side of the snow-plastered cliff more than three miles in the sky. After a half hour we begin to freeze. After an hour we can no longer feel our fingers or toes. “I can’t take it anymore,” Renan yells through his frozen beard. “My feet are gone. I have to start moving.” We don’t know what Cory is doing above us, but we’re so cold it doesn’t matter. Renan starts climbing, then I follow. We’re all still roped together, so it’s crucial that none of us fall. The rope is supposed to be secured to the mountain to catch a fall, but mortal predicaments like this happen often in mountaineering. When there are no good anchors, your partners become your anchors, physically and emotionally. You must trust your life to their judgment and ability, and they entrust their lives to yours. This is the code of the mountains. Stretched to the limit, the team—which included (left to right) videographer Renan Ozturk, author Mark Jenkins, photographer Cory Richards, climber Emily Harrington, and expedition leader Hilaree O’Neill—began running low on food on the hike out. “None of us anticipated we’d get that strung out,” says Cory. Renan and I halt in a small rock recess overlooking the north face of the mountain. Through blowing spindrift we can see Cory traversing another expanse of snow. It is too dangerous for Renan and me to keep moving. Again, we must wait. We huddle close, but we’re still freezing. The wind swirls around our bodies, howling and biting at us like invisible hyenas. “My feet are turnaround cold,” Renan says. What he means is that they’re close to frostbite. I wonder, for at least the tenth time on this expedition, whether this is the end of our quest to climb the highest peak in Myanmar—a journey that has pushed us to our physical and emotional limits. Far below us on the mountain, our other team members are pulling for us in spirit. Our base camp manager, Taylor Rees, is at the foot of the mountain. The previous day we left Hilaree O’Neill and Emily Harrington at camp 3, a tent nested on a snowy ridgeline, where our weary team had a bitter argument over who would try for the summit. I tell Renan to take off his boots and place his feet underneath my down parka, against my chest. He has socks on, and my chest isn’t exactly a furnace, but it’s the best we can do. When Cory makes his way around a rock buttress, we start moving. An hour passes before we finally regroup on a thin ledge. Our immediate goal remains far above us—the crest of the west ridge, glistening like the edge of a sword. “My lead,” Renan says. He begins climbing, woodenly kicking his crampons into the snow. He disappears into the sun. The rope tightens, and Cory takes off. After he vanishes, I follow. When I reach the ridge and push my ice-crusted face into the sun, it’s like poking my head into heaven. The sudden warmth renews my hope. I pull my body onto the ridge, and a blanket of sunlight envelops me. After the dark, soul-sucking cold of the north face, it feels like rebirth. Renan and Cory have dropped over the ridge to get out of the wind and discovered a stone platform hanging above the south face. The sun is spread over the rock like honey. “Lunch ledge!” I bellow, christening our aerie. Within minutes I’ve got our tiny stove roaring. Renan takes off his boots and begins rubbing his toes. Cory gets out his camera and begins snapping pictures. After more than a week of climbing, this is the first time we can actually see the summit: a steep, shining pyramid of snow. But we can also see what we have left to climb: a menacing, serrated ridge of rock and snow, guarded by a dozen dagger-like pinnacles. NGM Maps “Let’s do an old-school adventure,” Hilaree had said, “an expedition to someplace still remote and unknown.” It was the spring of 2012, and we were coming off Mount Everest. Hilaree is the toughest woman I’ve ever met. After summiting Everest, she climbed its neighbor, Lhotse, with two torn ligaments in her ankle. We had a lot in common. Both of us had grown up loving mountains. We were both married with two kids and trying to find a way to balance family life with expeditions. And we were both disillusioned by Everest’s commercialism and crowds. We needed to get back to what made us climbers to begin with. But finding someplace truly remote is tricky. A plane will take you to the North or South Pole, you can hop a helicopter to the base camp of Everest or Makalu, tourist boats cruise the Nile and the Amazon. Real remoteness—somewhere that requires days or even weeks of walking just to reach—has almost vanished from Earth. And yet I knew a place, a mountain that had long held me in its thrall. But because of my private history with it, I was reluctant to say anything. Eventually, after bouncing ideas back and forth—Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Kazakhstan—my enthusiasm got the best of me. “What about,” I hesitated, “Hkakabo Razi?” Hkakabo Razi (pronounced KA-kuh-bo RAH-zee) is said to be the highest peak in Southeast Asia. It is a jagged massif of black rock and white glaciers that rises improbably out of the steaming green jungles of northern Myanmar. Located just beyond the eastern edge of the Himalaya, on the border with Tibet, it was first measured by a British survey published in 1925 at 19,296 feet high. It is a peak so remote, few climbers have heard of it even today. Getting to the mountain would require a two-week trek through dense jungle riven with plunging gorges and inhabited by venomous snakes. Hilaree was hooked immediately. We were planning our expedition before we left Kathmandu. I had learned of Hkakabo in the 1980s, when I picked up a yellowed copy of Burma’s Icy Mountains by British explorer Francis Kingdon-Ward. It described his 1937 expedition into the region and his audacious attempt to climb Hkakabo Razi solo. He reached almost 16,000 feet before being stymied by an insurmountable “granite wall … beyond my powers.” The Rawang were not immune to the vagaries of the jungle. A toddler was brought to us with infected insect bites. A tribal elder told me, “Everyone here either gets better on their own or dies.” Kingdon-Ward’s “powers,” as I learned from reading his many other books, were protean. A brilliant botanist, lyrical writer, indefatigable plant hunter, and purportedly a British spy, Kingdon-Ward was one of those hard-as-iron adventurers in the mold of polar voyager Roald Amundsen or Amazonian explorer Percy Fawcett. Kingdon-Ward could tramp through jungle for months on rice and tea, writing in his journal at night beside a campfire. From 1909 to 1956, he made more than 20 expeditions into Central Asia, during which he survived a fall off a cliff and one of the century’s worst earthquakes. Along the way he collected hundreds of plants and named many, including species of rhododendrons and lilies that now adorn gardens worldwide. I was entranced by Kingdon-Ward’s journeys and was determined to make the first ascent of Hkakabo Razi. So in the fall of 1993, I enlisted my climbing buddies Steve Babits, Mike Moe, and Keith Spencer. We called ourselves the Wyoming Alpine Club. Mike had been my best friend since high school in Laramie, and I’d met Keith and Steve at the University of Wyoming. Since then, Mike and I had done several first ascents in the Rockies and the first kayak descent of the Niger River in West Africa. At that time the military junta controlling Burma—later renamed Myanmar—had declared the north off-limits to foreigners. We naively planned to avoid this obstacle by accessing the mountain from Tibet, illegally crossing the border, traveling light and fast with no porters. We flew to Lhasa with our rucksacks and proceeded to sneak across eastern Tibet—also closed to foreigners—hitching rides in the backs of trucks and talking our way past checkpoints. It took more than a month just to get near the base of the mountain. Mike and Steve had to return home, leaving only Keith and me to climb. We ran out of food on the north side of Hkakabo and had to descend to a Tibetan village. There we were promptly arrested by the Chinese military, interrogated, and jailed. We signed a four-page confession of “misconduct” and were deported. Two years later, to my chagrin, the Myanmar government granted Japanese mountaineer Takashi Ozaki permission to climb Hkakabo Razi. Ozaki was an unstoppable Himalayan veteran, having made the first full ascent of the north face of Everest in 1980. (He would die climbing there in 2011.) He made two failed attempts on Hkakabo in 1995, but in September 1996, after two months of climbing, Ozaki summited with Tibetan-born mountaineer Nyima Gyaltsen. He told the Asia Times, “I can say absolutely that Hkakabo Razi is one of the most difficult and dangerous mountains in the world. I was never scared before, like this time.” Ozaki published a detailed account of his expedition, but he did not measure the summit elevation with a GPS, which left the mountain’s exact height undetermined. The climbers hired a caravan of motorcycles in the northern town of Putao to transport their gear and supplies across Kachin state. They rode for three days before the wet and muddy route became passable only on foot. Young and convinced of our invincibility, Mike, Keith, and I talked about returning to Hkakabo. (Steve had moved on to different adventures.) But it was not to be. Mike died on an expedition in 1995, along with his brother and two others. A bowhead whale tipped over their boat in the Arctic Ocean, and they all perished from hypothermia. Mike left behind a wife and three kids. None of us ever quite recovered. Still, Keith and I continued doing expeditions and often ice climbed together. On January 2, 2009, we were on the fifth pitch of an icefall in north Wyoming. I was belaying him from a small alcove in the ice. He was cheerfully climbing 15 feet below me when we heard a deafening roar. A section of ice above us had cut loose. Seconds later tons of ice crashed down. Keith was killed, his neck broken by the impact. There was no reason why I lived and Keith died. We’d taken the safety precautions. He didn’t do anything wrong, and I didn’t do anything to save myself. There was no moral, aside from the inescapable truth that mountains are dangerous, and occasionally inflict horror and sorrow on those who dare to climb them. Lounging on our lunch ledge in the sun on Hkakabo Razi, slurping down hot noodles with Cory and Renan, I am reminded of my lost friends. Mike was funny like Cory, who’s kept us going through some of the trip’s worst moments with perfectly timed wisecracks. Keith was quiet like Renan, always taking in the grandeur around him, always the calm voice in the midst of crisis. During these past weeks I’ve spent with Cory and Renan, it’s been a bit like looking back in time at myself and my dead friends. I recognize in these two younger men the same passion for climbing mountains, the same determined toughness, the same boundless ambition, and at moments the same sense of being bulletproof that Mike, Keith, and I had 22 years ago. Our resolve replenished, we begin to study the crenellated ridge before us that leads to the summit. Because the mountain has remained largely unexplored, we are climbing with little knowledge of the terrain. Even satellite images don’t reveal the true difficulty of the climb. From the lunch ledge, the route ahead looks more demanding than what we’ve encountered so far. Along their 151-mile jungle trek, the team stayed in the homes of local Rawang who live in Myanmar’s far north. Unlike Nepal, where commercial climbing is well established, the people here encounter few foreign mountaineers. Hkakabo’s west ridge is a two-mile-long saw blade—a series of stone towers separated by sharp cols of snow. Unlike on some mountains, where you can shoot right up to the summit, we have been climbing up and down the jagged ridgeline the whole way—up a tooth of rock, rappelling down the backside, balancing across a bridge of snow, then up the next craggy pinnacle. We try to identify a potential route, but the spiked ridge weaves like a serpent’s tail so we can’t see all the obstacles. We do, however, spot a notch that looks like the best location to bivouac for the night. We pack up and start moving, trying to stay on the sunny side of the ridge. It takes us four hours to reach the notch. We are so fatigued that we can barely stomp out a tent platform. Our faces are rimed with ice from breathing so hard. While trying to shove the poles into our tent, the wind lifts it like a kite. We throw in our packs, guy it down, and pile inside. “The shiver bivvy begins,” says Cory as he zips the tent, closing off the screeching blackness that has descended on the mountain. We knew this night was going to be misery. At camp 3 we could see that the ridge became technical and treacherous. So we ruthlessly cut the weight of our packs, bringing only bare essentials, hoping it would be enough to get us to the top and back down. We left our winter sleeping bags and carried only the thin overbag shells. We have one stove, one fuel bottle, one pot, one spoon, two instant pasta meals, and the three of us are crammed into a two-person tent. Sitting knee-to-knee, our backs pressed against the tent, we set our stove on our boots and nearly asphyxiate ourselves boiling water from snow. One person holds the stove, another the pot. We are wearing everything we have. Only our headlamps and runny noses stick out from beneath the hoods of our parkas. Renan says little, which is normal. But even Cory is quiet. We have been sleeping with each other for weeks, like poor brothers in one bed. We know each other’s secrets. I know Renan is dealing with the betrayal of a friend. I know Cory’s struggling to stay married and be a world-traveling photographer. They know I’m haunted by memories of my dead friends, that this mountain is my white whale. My thoughts drift to how close we are to our goal and our team’s ugly fight and the toll it’s taken on my friendship with Hilaree. The past weeks spent with Cory and Renan have been like looking back in time at myself and my two dead friends. In these two younger men I see the same passion for climbing, the same sense of being bulletproof we had 22 years ago. Just getting to the foot of Hkakabo Razi took a month. The very thing that Hilaree and I had wished for on the slopes of Everest—remoteness—was the very thing that threatened our expedition from the beginning. First we had to cross most of Myanmar. From Yangon we took an overnight bus to Bagan, then a ferry up the Irrawaddy River to Mandalay, where we got on a train that bucked and swayed as if it would derail at any moment. In Myitkyina we boarded a plane where a fellow passenger checked an AK-47 as carry-on luggage. On arrival in Putao, the northernmost town in Kachin state, we spent five days “under arrest” while our climbing permits were batted back and forth among officials. Finally, we loaded our gear onto a caravan of motorcycles and set off for three days, crashing through streams and churning through mud until the trail became passable only on foot. Then began the 151-mile trek to the base of Hkakabo through the wet, dark jungle. The dense forest canopy cast a dim green glow. For two weeks we moved along this tunnel-like track, always rising steeply or plunging suddenly, from one local enclave to the next, exactly as Francis Kingdon-Ward had done 77 years earlier. We slept in the bamboo homes built on stilts of the Rawang people. Although Kachin state is known for its jade and gold mines and for illegal logging, people this far north mainly raise pigs and chickens and grow little plots of rice. On the first day trekking in the jungle Hilaree was almost struck by a snake. She saw it coiled on the trail at the last moment and leaped over it. Poised to strike, the serpent’s flat head floated side to side, its black tongue squirting in and out. We all kept our distance except Cory, who knelt down and began snapping photos. “White-lipped pit viper,” he declared. It was one of a dozen snakes toxinologist Zoltan Takacs had warned us about before we came to Myanmar. If one of us were bitten, the venom could cause bleeding from the nose, eyes, gums, and rectum and could be fatal. We carried two antivenoms, one for vipers, the other for cobras and kraits, but Takacs had warned us that relying on antivenom in the jungle was dicey. Far less dangerous were the leeches. They would drop down onto our necks as we pushed through wet branches or suck onto our feet and legs during stream crossings. All day we’d pluck their blood-engorged bodies off our skin, leaving bites that didn’t fully heal for weeks. And then there were the spiders. We continually pushed through cobwebs the size of fishing nets. Some held spiders baring fangs so large they were visible from a few feet away. Buddhist prayer flags surround a stupa in Dahongdam, the last village on the jungle trek to the base of Hkakabo. Though Myanmar is 90 percent Buddhist, most communities the team encountered on the route were Christian. The Rawang were not immune to the vagaries of the jungle. In one village a distraught mother brought a screaming child to us, her tiny body swollen from infected bites. Hilaree and Emily smeared antibiotic cream on her arms, legs, and face. When I asked what would become of the child, a tribal elder told me, “Everyone here either gets better on their own or dies.” The legs of one of our youngest porters, a schoolgirl of about 12, were so welted with bites that her skin was as bumpy as a toad’s. She was one of three girls of similar age whom we shamefully hired, along with their brothers, parents, and grandparents, to carry our gear. We hired anyone we could find. They all hefted loads with practiced efficiency. We’d recruit porters from one village to help us get to the next village up the trail. Some would work for a few days, others just for a few hours. Sometimes they’d abandon us without a word, slipping away in the night. The truth is, we had brought far too much stuff—cameras and lighting equipment, laptops, extra batteries, even two drones to get aerial footage—the paraphernalia of a modern expedition. But it was all useless without enough strong backs to carry it. So we began leaving bags of gear in the villages we passed through until we were down to a quarter of our initial load. At almost any other time, we would have encountered plenty of locals along this trail willing to make $15 a day, twice the local wage. But when we arrived in the fall of 2014, Hkakabo Razi had improbably become front-page news. On September 10, 2014, three weeks before our team left the United States, an Associated Press headline read: “Search for missing climbers begins in Myanmar.” An eight-man, all-Burmese expedition had set out for Hkakabo to put one of its citizens atop the country’s highest peak. It was a matter of national pride. On August 31, after two weeks of climbing, two team members signaled from somewhere near the summit. They were never heard from again. An enormous search effort was mounted. Porters were recruited from local villages to supply the search teams. Choppers buzzed over the jungle between Putao and the mountain. Then one of the helicopters, with two pilots and a passenger, disappeared. The search for the climbers was suspended, and a search for the helicopter ensued. Nine days later, the helicopter’s passenger stumbled out of the jungle and led rescuers to the pilots: One was alive but severely burned, the other dead. After decades of quiet obscurity, Hkakabo Razi had claimed three lives in one month. Porters take a break on a bed of bamboo leaves. In some villages, the team hired entire families, even grandparents, to carry gear. Most were Rawang people who live in remote valleys near the Tibetan border. Another American climbing team was partly behind this sudden Burmese attention to the mountain. The year before, Andy Tyson, a Teton-based guide, had led an American-Burmese expedition to a neighboring peak called Gamlang Razi. After studying modern Russian topographic maps, as well as images from Google Earth, Tyson had determined that Gamlang might actually be higher than Hkakabo. Tyson’s team made the first ascent of Gamlang Razi in September 2013. Using a survey-grade GPS, they measured its height at 19,259 feet. Although this was still 37 feet lower than Hkakabo’s 1925 British survey height of 19,296, it was higher than the 18,671 feet that Russian surveyors had calculated in the 1970s and 1980s. “No one in Burma wanted to believe that Gamlang was higher than Hkakabo,” Tyson told me last year, noting that Hkakabo is a long-revered symbol of national pride, and a foreigner calling its prominence into question embarrassed some Burmese. (Tragically, Andy Tyson was killed in a plane crash in April.) In fact the Burmese expedition had set out to prove that Hkakabo Razi was still the country’s highest peak. Before disappearing on the upper reaches of the mountain, their ill-fated climbers had transmitted a GPS reading of 18,996 feet. In my own research, I had contacted Robert Crippen, an Earth scientist for NASA. We discussed the various methods for measuring Gamlang and Hkakabo. “The real bottom line is that errors of 30 meters [100 feet] or more might not be evident, and this is about the difference in these peaks,” he said. “So we have evidence, but no proof, for which one is higher.” The highest mountain in Myanmar would remain a mystery until someone stood on the summit of Hkakabo with a GPS. If one of us were to slip off the ridge, the only way to save his life would be for the next climber on the rope to quickly jump off the opposite side, both men praying in the millisecond that the rope wouldn’t sever. Renan, Cory, and I pass the spoon, each of us gulping down hot soup, while the wind punches at the tent like a boxer working a heavy bag. When the pot has cooled, we hand it around and swill the last of the liquid. We pack snow inside the pot, put it back on the stove, and keep melting snow until each of us has a full hot water bottle, which we will sleep with on our chests. It is so cold we would prefer to just stay locked together around the purring stove all night—screw the toxic fumes—but we don’t have enough fuel. We turn off the stove knowing that the next hours will feel like several days. We arrange our ropes and packs underneath ourselves and try to find some way we can all stretch out. If we lie on our sides, it’s just possible. “Nothing I like more than spooning with two really smelly dudes,” Cory quips. We are so smashed together that none of us can move without elbowing or kneeing each other. We don’t expect to sleep. We expect to suffer. We pull our balaclavas down over our faces like knights closing their visors in preparation for battle. We put our mittens beneath our hips to insulate them against the snow. Renan and I are on the outside, up against the frost-covered tent walls, while skinny Cory is in the middle. It’s like being buried together inside a small tomb. We lie there for hours, each of us floating in our own dark thoughts. “I’m freezing,” I say in the black of night. I have been trying to hold it in for a couple of hours. My back has been against the tent wall for so long the cold has penetrated through to my chest. “I need to start the stove or something.” “Get in the middle, I’ll take the outside,” says Cory. We trade places, and I don’t get warm, but I don’t get any colder. We stay in this position for as long as we can stand it. In the darkest, coldest hour, I start imagining someone finding our bony bodies lined up in the snow like crooked logs. Finally, finally, daybreak comes. Back in the jungle, two days before reaching base camp, we met a bone-weary, hollow-eyed Japanese team that was retreating from Hkakabo as if returning from the front lines of an epic battle. We’d heard about them and had been concerned that they’d summit ahead of us, rendering all our efforts meaningless before we even got to see the mountain. But they’d been delayed by the rescue of the Burmese climbers. Eventually, they had made their own attempt via the west ridge, which was also the route we intended to take. Their team leader, Hiro Kuraoka, was injured. He had slipped among the boulders and badly bruised his buttocks. Despite lying in a sleeping bag with a bulging hematoma on his backside, Hiro was animated and generous, explaining their route in detail and showing us numerous photos of the topography from various camps. He said they had been stopped several hundred feet from the summit by a razor’s edge of snow and sharp, insurmountable pinnacles. Like two military platoons passing in the night, we exchanged supplies. We gave Hiro a bottle of ibuprofen, and he gave us stove fuel and ropes. His team was defeated but alive, which in the end is all that really matters. After nearly two weeks of trekking, we finally climbed out of the fetid jungle onto the rising southern flank of Hkakabo. The tropical humidity gave way to a bracing alpine mist, and we dug into our bags for fleeces and down jackets. We’d all lost weight and were tired from the arduous trek. And we were running out of time. In planning the expedition, we had agreed to be home by Thanksgiving. In Kingdon-Ward’s time, the end point of an expedition was rarely based on a preset date, but in our modern age, time is the least available commodity. We had just 10 days before we had to begin our hike out. I knew Ozaki had needed 25 days from base camp to climb the mountain. Blocked by tooth-like rock spires, Mark turns back from the ridge leading to Hkakabo’s snowy summit. To go on, the team would’ve had to spend a night without food, a tent, or sleeping bags. “We’d have lost digits, if not our lives,” says Cory. Over the next week, we put in three camps up the spine of the west ridge, but under time pressure and faced with the difficulty of the terrain, relations among the team were fraying. I was especially concerned when Hilaree reached camp 2 dangerously hypothermic. We got her warm, but it was a cautionary moment. The next day, climbing to camp 3, neither Emily nor Hilaree appeared comfortable on the steep, exposed faces of ice and snow and moved slowly. In retrospect we should have expected this slower pace. Emily is a national sport-climbing champion but had little experience climbing this kind of mixed terrain. Hilaree is a renowned ski mountaineer with some challenging alpine climbing expeditions on her résumé. But Cory, Renan, and I have deeper backgrounds in this type of environment. Cory had been the first American to summit Pakistan’s 26,362-foot Gasherbrum II in winter—and survived an avalanche in the process. Renan had been part of the team that summited India’s 20,702-foot Meru Central via the Shark’s Fin, a brutal climb many thought impossible. And over 35 years of climbing, I’d done first ascents in Antarctica and the Rockies, Alps, and Himalaya. These experiences didn’t change any of the inherent dangers, but it did mean we three were able to move faster and implicitly trust each other with our lives as we tried for the summit. That night, at camp 3, Renan and Cory both privately expressed concerns about climbing any farther with the entire team. We spent the next day in our tents acclimatizing, and there was no way around the painful conversation. In his soft-spoken way, Renan noted that the climbing was going to get more dangerous. It was also pointed out that three people moving fast had the best chance of summiting in the brief time we had left. Emily readily agreed that she was in over her head. But Hilaree was deeply offended and insisted that she should go for the summit. I explained it was an issue of safety for the whole team, but Hilaree was wounded. “I’m going to say one thing,” she said, her voice welling with emotion as she left the tent, “[Expletive] you, Mark, for the vote of confidence.” This expedition was sponsored by a grant from National Geographic’s Expeditions Council and The North Face. Nothing is more damning in the mountains than hubris, yet hubris is fundamental to climbing mountains. All serious mountaineers possess big egos. You cannot take on the risks and constant suffering of big mountains without one. We may talk like Buddhists, but don’t be fooled, we’re actually narcissists—driven, single-minded, masochistic narcissists. Nearly all of us, on some mountain at some time, have defied logic and refused to turn around, as Hilaree was doing now. Some of us have been lucky enough to survive those misguided moments. This may sound harsh, but I’m at a season in my climbing career where openness and honesty trump polite silence, even with my friends. We were all weary, light-headed from the thin air, and fearful of what lay ahead, and the conversations over the next hours devolved into shouting, accusations, and recriminations. Eventually, Cory couldn’t stand the rancor and said Hilaree could take his place on the summit team. Renan and I were concerned but reluctantly agreed to the new plan. At three the next morning, as we began to rope up, with a freezing Tibetan wind howling, Hilaree made the correct decision. She said it was too cold for her, reasoning that if she had a second bout with hypothermia, she might endanger the team. She told Cory to go instead. “Why do we do this?” Cory asks, struggling like a contortionist to put his boots on inside the tiny tent. “Really! Why?” His hands are too numb to tie the laces. “Because it’s so much fun,” Renan says drily, pressing his elbows against the snapping tent walls. After 39 days of boats and trains, snakes and leeches; after clawing up the sheer faces of Hkakabo’s west ridge; today is summit day. We each take slugs of steaming tea until the pot’s empty, then reluctantly crawl out of the tent into the battering wind. Spindrift is whirling around us. The sun is a distant cold ball. We click on our crampons, rope up, and start climbing. Our feet and fingers are numb, but moving beats trembling in the tent. Our blood starts pumping, and warmth gradually returns to our cores. All serious mountaineers have big egos. You cannot take on the risks and constant suffering of big mountains without one. We may talk like Buddhists, but don’t be fooled, we’re actually hard-driving narcissists. Together we traverse the first of a series of large rock spires. To either side, a mile below us, is an ocean of clouds. If one of us were to slip off the lance-like ridge, the only way to save his life would be for the next climber on the rope to quickly throw himself off the opposite side, both men praying in the millisecond of potential oblivion that the rope isn’t pulled taut over a knife-sharp rock and severed. This is the depth of trust required in mountain climbing. This is how you transcend yourself and bond with your climbing partners. It is the reason we climb. We gather on a little point of snow to reassess. “I’m scared,” Cory says. “I’m really [expletive] scared. I think we should turn around.” His naked honesty is strangely comforting. He’s saying what we all feel. But Renan and I aren’t ready to turn back. I lead down around a snowcapped block, up through a narrow hallway between two slabs of rock, hook along a crescent of snow, and suddenly the entire route to the summit appears before me. I am aghast. We knew we had one more deep notch in the ridge to negotiate, but I see now that it is filled with massive stone teeth, like the jawbone of a dinosaur. It would take us hours, well into the night, to climb through this wind-gnashed maw. To summit would require another night on the mountain, but this time without a tent, stove, food, or water. We would be perched on a ledge on the side of the mountain in the wind in the dark, and we would freeze to death. It is the point of no return. I realize we will not reach the top. We will not measure the height of Hkakabo Razi. We will not solve the mystery of Myanmar’s tallest mountain. I have been carrying a photo of Mike Moe and Keith Spencer for the entire expedition. In it, Mike and Keith are standing on a mountain wearing puffy down coats, helmets, and wide grins. I so fiercely wanted to place this picture on the summit. But it is not to be. I paw out a little hole and place the photo in the snow. I take a GPS reading at our high point, 18,841 feet, then climb slowly back along the ridge to Renan and Cory. They already know our expedition is over. All we want now is to get down alive.    |   

Lhasa

How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale?

As National Geographic Turns 125, A Look Back At The Iconic Images As National Geographic Turns 125, A Look Back At The Iconic Images By Mark Johanson @MarkJohansonIBT On 09/27/13 AT 5:43 AM The National Geographic Society distributed the first issue of its flagship magazine to 165 members in October 1888. The 125th anniversary issue this October will likely reach 60 million, and it will be published in 39 different languages in both print and digital formats.   To say National Geographic has come a long way in its 125 years would be an understatement. Yet, the effect it has had on our culture goes far beyond the pages in print. Walt Disney called the magazine “an invaluable tool” in coming up with his famous characters; the 1916 article “Land of the Best” spurred the establishment of the National Park Service in the United States; and numerous articles in the 2000s by writer Bryan Christy helped overhaul global policies on wildlife smuggling.   However, this October’s issue is all about photography. More than anything else, it’s the stunning photos of the exotic and everyday that have become National Geographic’s trademark over the years.   “Photography is a powerful tool and form of self-expression,” Editor in Chief Chris Johns said of the anniversary edition. “Sharing what you see and experience through the camera allows you to connect, move and inspire people around the world.”   National Geographic featured its first photo (a relief map of North America) in 1889 and its first photo story (about Lhasa, Tibet) in 1905. By 1908, more than half of the magazine’s pages were photographs, leading two members of the board of trustees to resign in protest, claiming National Geographic had become “a picture book.”   Indeed it had, and photos continued to be an integral component of National Geographic in the ensuing decades. By 1943, the magazine issued its first photographic cover, featuring the 49-star American Flag, in honor of Alaska’s entry into the U.S.   Always one step ahead of the pack, National Geographic was the first in the U.S. to have its own in-house color photography lab in 1920, published more editorial color than any other magazine by 1962 and was the first major publication in the world to put a hologram on its cover in 1984. In 2013, its photos have become conversation pieces on social media, where National Geographic is the largest brand on Instagram, boasting more than 2.4 million followers.   Yet, of all the photos in the past 125 years, Steve McCurry’s “Afghan Girl” is, perhaps, the most famous. Coincidentally, it may never have graced the cover of the publication at all if Wilbur Garrett, the magazine’s editor in chief in 1985, didn’t rescue it from a reject pile. The emerald-eyed woman, identified in 2002 as Sharbat Gula, graces the cover once again for the 125th anniversary edition. Related Stories

i don't know

For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday?

TRIVIA - THE BIBLE TRIVIA - THE BIBLE Bible Trivia questions and answers. How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale? A. Three days and three nights. Why did a Bible published in London in 1632 become known as the Wicked Bible? A. Because "not" was missing from the seventh commandment, making it "Thou shalt commit adultery." The name of God is not mentioned in only one book of the Bible. Which one? A. The Book of Esther. What kind of wood was used to make Noah's Ark? A. Gopher wood, according to Genesis 6:14. Who was the only Englishman to become Pope? A. Nicholas Breakspear, who was Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? A. The Beatles' first appearance on "The Ed Sullivan Show." According to the Bible, what substance was used to caulk Noah's ark and to seal the basket in which the infant Moses was set adrift on the Nile? A. Pitch, or natural asphalt. How old was Moses when he died? A. He was 120 years old, according to the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:7). How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling? A. "Six cubits and a span," What biblical Babylonian king cast Daniel into the lion's den for praying to God in defiance of a royal decree? A. Darius the Mede (Book of Daniel, Chapter 6). What is the longest name in the Bible? A. Mahershalalbashbaz, which is also written Maher-shalal-hash-baz. (Isaiah 8:1). In the Bible, which of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse rides a red horse? A. War (Book of Revelation). How many books of the Bible are named for women? A. Ruth and Esther. What language is Jesus believed to have spoken? A. Aramaic -- an ancient language in use on the north Arabian Peninsula at the time of Christ. A modern version of the language is spoken today in Syria and among Assyrians in Azerbaijan. In the Bible, for what "price" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob? A. Pottage of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). What did the lords of the philistines offer Delilah for revealing the secret of Samson's strength? A. They promised the sum of 1,100 pieces of silver each, according to the Bible (Judges 16:5). In the Old Testament, who was Jezebel's husband? A. Ahab, King of Israel (I Kings 16:28-31). What bird is named for the apostle Peter? A. The petrel, from a diminutive form of Petrus, or "Peter," in Latin. What was the first town in the United States to be given a biblical name? Hint: Its name is the most common biblical place name in the country. A. Salem, Massachusetts. Salem is the shortened form of Jerusalem, which means "the city of peace" in Hebrew. In the Bible, who did the sun and moon stand still before? A. Joshua.

beatles first appearance on ed sullivan show

How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling?

Printer Best Price Printer Best Price Temporary Staffing Agency - How to Start The temporary staffing industry continues to expand, with yearly double-digit growth being commonplace. Companies find it convenient and cost-effective to work with a temporary staffing agency to fulfill unforeseen demand, fill short-term vacancies, and assist with changing workloads due to restructuring or mergers. Additionally, employers are enticed by the idea of "test driving" new employees to minimize risk and ensure a good match for permanent positions. Many a job seeker has reaped great rewards from temporary staffing. Skilled but yet-inexperienced workers are able to get a foot in the door at prestigious companies, where a weak resume would have made it very difficult to be considered. Similarly, "drifters" (those who tend to rapidly drift from job to job) may be plagued by an overly-long resume. Temporary staffing services can be ideal for drifters, as they have the opportunity to work on short-term projects and move on without the negative repercussions. Retirees and college students are also very common candidates. A retired nurse may find enjoyment and extra income from a temporary medical staffing firm. A computer science major can gain valuable experience working with a technical agency. Only a small number of personnel is required to handle recruiting and clientele. Even the largest international firms tend to function with small, mostly-independent branch offices serving specific regions. This modular structure means it is quite possible for a one-office temporary staffing agency to compete effectively with established firms. Overall, the triple-benefit to clients, associates, and entrepreneurs has contributed to the phenomenal growth of the temporary staffing industry. Because of these advantages, it will remain an integral part of the employment process through good times and bad. Start Up Costs and Financing Sources: $5,000 to $25,000 The startup and operating costs of a temporary staffing agency are much lower than many other businesses. The basic requirements are a small office with the typical supplies, a computer system with general accounting software and database software for organizing contracts, and the people skills to work with clientele and associates. It would not be impossible to start a temporary staffing agency on a shoestring budget of a few thousand dollars. The largest business expense is payroll. It is common for associates to be paid by the agency before the agency is paid by the client. An account must be maintained with sufficient funds to cover payroll costs until bills are paid by the clients. It is difficult - but not impossible - to get help from venture capitalists in covering part of the costs of setting up a temporary staffing agency. A well-researched, forward-looking business plan is essential. Pricing Guidelines for Service: Associates are paid by the hour, and the agency covers its costs by charging a premium to the amount billed to the client. The exact amount of the premium differs from case to case and can vary from 5% to 50% or more. Some associates are willing to work for less and some clients are willing to pay more, which when properly matched can result in very decent profits for the temporary staffing agency. The contract usually spells out a flat fee to be paid to the agency in the event that a client decides to permanently hire an associate. Advertising and Marketing: A competitive hurdle for small startups is that larger agencies already have established reputations and brand recognition. This is actually a minor obstacle because of the localized nature of the business. It is not necessary to wage a national marketing war to gain exposure for a new agency. An inexpensive and well-directed marketing campaign can quickly build a valuable reputation within the local operating region of the startup. Essential Equipment: An office (perhaps a home office) should be equipped with the standard office supplies and at least two telephone lines. At least one computer system with accounting software and a database for keeping track of projects is mandatory. A printer is used for printing invoices and job listings, and a high-speed Internet connection connects the agency with online job search sites. Many temporary staffing services have computers with tutorial software available to help associates to train their keyboarding and basic office software skills. These computers are also used to test the skills of applicants. Income Potential: Many billions of dollars are spent on temporary staffing services each year. A small, single-office agency can earn profits in the tens of thousands of dollars. The large, international firms rake in millions every year. Target Market: A temporary staffing agency is the middleman between two distinct markets: clients and associates. It is usually not a difficult matter to reach hundreds of applicants with simple help wanted advertisements. More focus will probably be placed on connecting with client companies and convincing them that your services will help their businesses. Certain industries seem more receptive to temporary staffing. Financial institutions and other office-centric companies are constantly seeking qualified office support staff. Factories frequently need labor for light industrial work, product assembly, and shipping and receiving tasks. Hospitals and clinics use temporary medical staffing to hire transcriptionists, certified nursing professionals, and other support staff. Increasingly, high-technology companies hire computer programmers, database specialists, and systems engineers on a temporary basis through agencies specializing in technical placements. Tips for Success: Develop a niche! In larger markets, providers of temporary staffing services have found it useful to branch into niches such as temporary medical staffing, legal, financial, or technical fields. The focused nature of these agencies allows recruiters to build a pool of highly-educated, trained, and experienced associates who are able to provide the best service to clients within a particular industry. A hospital executive would feel more comfortable contracting nurses from an agency dedicated to temporary medical staffing than from a one-stop-shop that also places welders, janitors, and filing clerks. This confidence also helps associates to command better wages than they might otherwise receive through a general-service temporary staffing agency. Automate! Much of the work of running a temporary staffing agency can be automated by computer software. Well-designed database software can ease the process of matching qualified associates with appropriate job openings. Accounting operations can be very heavily automated (but working closely with a good accountant is still advised). With these tools in place, just two major tasks remain: finding clients and finding associates. Use your own services! As the business grows, it will become necessary to add staff to handle the recruitment and marketing. That should never be difficult, since typically dozens or hundreds of qualified candidates are already in contact with the agency! Training, Skills or Experience Needed: Recruiters are at an advantage with a background in human resources, business management, and marketing. A degree is not essential for starting the business, but the knowledge gained through a business management program is immensely helpful. People skills are important, and can be learned through experience and self study. Numerous books have been published, specifically addressing temporary staffing as a business opportunity. Posted by Best Running Shoes for Flat Feet People were born with different physical characteristics in their bodies. With regards to feet considerations, you may be blessed (or cursed) to have a flat foot. In accordance with this aspect of biological uniqueness, the best running shoes for flat feet should be used for optimum comfort and convenience. What is a flat foot? Having a flat foot can sometimes be a frustration in searching for the appropriate accessory, like shoes. A flat foot is characterized by your foot print looking like a blob contoured in the general shape of a foot. You can easily check this using a footprint on a piece of paper. Also, physically, you may observe that there is almost no curve going inward from your toe to your heel. Another significant characteristic is that when you press firmly on any surface, your foot seems to spread out. What shoes to use? Shoes are generally created to provide protection to a person's feet. However, even though most of the commercially available shoes are using soft and shape shifting materials, a specific pair of shoes should be used for flat-footed people. Usually, when a person has flat feet, they are also considered to be an overpronator. It is a condition when the foot rolls inward while running. That is why the appropriate shoes should be used. The most appropriate shoes for flat feet are the ones that are equipped with high stability properties as well as with motion control materials. Also, shoes with firm mid-soles are far the most efficient types. These factors reduce the capability of your flat foot to roll over in specific areas, thus making your walking or running more comfortable. You should avoid shoes that are highly curved in inward soles for these types may reduce your stability and compress your foot painfully. Since running shoes were manufactured based on the activities of runners, they are equipped with padding and cushion materials for greater flexibility. You won't need shoes that have multiple layers of padding since this will apply pressure to your flat feet, thus making it very uncomfortable to use. You can just use running shoes that have at least a single layer of comfort pads but are not too curved. There are some health problems that you may have if you do not use running shoes ideal for flat footed individuals. For example, if you tend to run long distances with an inappropriate shoe type, you may experience instability from the flat panels of your feet towards the upper portion of the legs. These conditions may cause knee and leg injuries while running. Also, your balance capability is compromised, leading to an uncontrollable body movement while in motion. If you are going to purchase a pair of running shoes, you can search over the basic items sold in the market. But, you should always bear in mind that you might need to sacrifice style and brand in order to make sure that you have the best running shoes for flat feet. Although this may seem to be a little frustrating, you should always consider the health factor of using them. You may ask for assistance to get you the right model and brand of shoes for flat feet. Posted by With more and more people getting online, many of them are searching for information on specific products that they are interested in purchasing. Thus one of the best possible ways to turn a profit online is to find wholesale sources that will drop-ship thes products directly to your customers who come to your website for more informatation. Also you could set up ebay auctions to sell these products. BUT.... Most of the wholesale sources ebooks, list of 10,000 drop shippers etc. that you see being offered online just don't cut it. Either they are full of links that lead to websites that are no longer active, lead you to wholesalers who carry junk products (dollar store items, as seen on TV stuff), or the price are too high for you to make any profits. Actually most of the time the so called wholesale sources you find in these ebooks and lists are nothing more than “middle men”. They are buying from the real wholesalers and then reselling the products to you at a marked up price so they will make a profit. But what if you could cut out the middle men and find real wholesalers of brand name products at prices that will be profitable for you. Well you can do this but it won't happen by depending on those outdated ebooks and drop shippers list. You need to find these sources your self. It could be as simple as finding a porduct manufaturer or supplier and simply asking them if they can drop ship the product directly to your customers. Some times you may have to negotiate a deal to get them to drop ship for you. Either way you'll make more money because you can get the in demand brand name products you want at a good price. So how do you find wholesale suppliers? Just use the links below and you'll be able to find plenty of wholesale sources that will drop ship for you, some of them in your own back yard. http://www.yellowpages.com - Don't over look this as your number one lead to wholesalers. Think about it for a second. Just about every brick and mortar business in the United States is listed in the yellow pages including wholesalers. Just use the "Search By Word" option and type in "Wholesale" along with selecting your state from the drop down box. You can also do a nation wide search. http://www.surplus.net - This website lists lost of overstock and pallet lots of surplus and refurbished merchandise at very good prices. Theres lot products listed here and sometimes you can get 50%-80% of the wholesale price. http://www.alibaba.com - This is one website where you will be able to find tons sources for product to sell. This site it HUGE chance are if you search for aproduct type or brand name here you'll more than likely find a supplier. [http://www.globalsources.com] - The suppliers here are from all over the globe. The majority of the suppliers here are the actual manufacturer for the products they offer so you can get some really good prices. http://www.ec21.com This site is very similar to alibaba and the suppliers are located all over the globe. http://www.exportbureau.com -Legitimate businesses are listed here and many of them are the manufactures of the products. [http://www.fashions.net-Clothing] and fashion overstock, surplus and salvage. http://www.computers.org -Computers, Laptops, printer s and related product. [http://www.made-in-china.com-Suppliers] and manufactures located in china. Other website worth a look are. http://www.wholesale411.com http://www.andale.com - You can search for products here and it will tell you the average selling price for of particular type of item based on what is selling on ebay. NOTES: Always get a sample of the product you want to sell before you actually start selling it to your customers. You need to inspect the quality of the merchandise and make sure that your wholesale supplier is actually selling the item or brand name that they say they are. This can be easily accomplished if your supplier sells individual items. If you supplier only sells in bulk try to get them to send you a sample. If they won't do this they may not be a company that you want to deal with especially if they are located overseas. And never pay for your items by wire transfer, if you supplier ask you to do this it is just best that you walk away because wire transfers are not traceable and if your supplier isn't trust worthy you will not be able to get your money back. Posted by Free Printable Bible Trivia Questions and Answers For You to Use Need printable bible trivia for a party or another occasion? Here are some bible related trivia questions with the answers. You can print them out, and use a black felt pen to cover the answers. Presto! Free printable bible trivia quizzes! How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale? A: Three days and three nights. Why did a Bible published in London in 1632 become known as the Wicked Bible? A: Because "not" was missing from the seventh commandment, making it "Thou shalt commit adultery." The name of God is not mentioned in only one book of the Bible. Which one? A: The Book of Esther. What kind of wood was used to make Noah's Ark? A: Gopher wood, according to Genesis 6:14. Who was the only Englishman to become Pope? A: Nicholas Breakspear, who was Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? A: The Beatles' first appearance on "The Ed Sullivan Show." According to the Bible, what substance was used to calulk Noah's ark and to seal the basket in which the infant Moses was set adrift on the Nile? A: Pitch, or natural asphalt. How old was Moses when he died? A: He was 120 years old, according to the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:7). How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling? A: "Six cubits and a span," What biblical Babylonian king cast Daniel into the lion's den for praying to God in defiance of a royal decree? A: Darius the Mede (Book of Daniel, Chapter6). What is the longest name in the Bible? A: Mahershalalbashbaz, which is also written Maher-shalal-hash-baz. (Isaiah 8:1). In the Bible, which of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse rides a red horse? A: War (Book of Revelation). How many books of the Bible are named for women? A: Two - Ruth and Esther. What language is Jesus believed to have spoken? A: Aramaic -- an ancient language in use on the north Arabian Peninsula at the time of Christ. A modern version of the language is spoken today in Syria and among Assyrians in Azerbaijan. In the Bible, for what "price" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob? A: Pottage of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). What did the lords of the philistines offer Delilah for revealing the secret of Samson's strength? A: They promised the sum of 1,100 pieces of silver each, according to the Bible (Judges 16:5). In the Old Testament, who was Jezebel's husband? A: Ahab, King of Israel (I Kings 16:28-31). What bird is named for the apostle Peter? A: The petrel, from a diminutive form of Petrus, or "Peter," in Latin. What was the first town in the United States to be given a biblical name? Hint: Its name is the most common biblical place name in the country. A: Salem, Massachusetts. Salem is the shortened form of Jerusalem, which means "the city of peace" in Hebrew. In the Bible, who did the sun and moon stand still before? A: Joshua. Who is the only woman whose age is mentioned in the Bible? A: Sarah. Windows 7 Freezes - Windows 7 Keeps Freezing, How Do I Fix It? Been having trouble when Windows 7 freezes? Despite being Microsoft's latest release, Windows 7 still has some bugs that need to be worked out. The OS appears to have a very bright future but computer freezing can still be an issue. This can be quite a pain in the neck if you had been working on something important, only to see it lost forever. So what causes Windows 7 freezes? The first issue can be running your system beyond it's hardware specifications. This occurs when having too many programs open at once. If the amount of RAM in your system cannot handle it then the computer will freeze. The simple solution for this is to run fewer programs or purchase additional RAM. Some folks ask - what if Windows 7 crashes when I run a certain program? In this case you may need to update your drivers. Often times compatibility issues can cause your computer to freeze up. You can check the Microsoft Windows website for the latest updates. If Windows 7 freezes at random, then the problem is related to the registry. When the Windows registry is filled with errors it can't stop your system from properly communicating information. The registry contains the information your computer uses to communicate between the OS, software, and hardware devices. When the registry becomes congested with errors, the communication process breaks down. The only solution for this type of Windows 7 freezing is to clean the registry of corrupt files and various errors. Not only will this prevent computer crashing, it will also speed up your system considerably. Simply scan your computer with a top flight registry repair program. Posted by Hard Drive Size - Why It's Important The hard drive disk of a computer is the primary storage device of the computer. It is a non-removable device that retains all the information when the computer is turned off. A fast hard drive supplies the computer with data as fast as it needs. Hard drives are measured in Gigabytes (GB) and the larger the number, the more storage the computer has. When looking at purchasing a new home computer or laptop, it is important to understand how the hard drive works with your computer and how much storage capacity you will need. When saving information on your computer, the application is recorded on a magnetic platter inside the hard drive. Most hard drives have several platters that allow them to spin up to 15,000 times per minute. The amount of hard drive space the computer has will affect how much data that can be saved. The data on a hard drive can be deleted or erased from the memory at any time and does not need a constant power supply to save the information. It used to be that hard drives were small and had a capacity of no more than 5 MB, now most new computers and laptops have no less than 40 GB. Some hard drive capacities can exceed 120 GB. Today, computers with these capabilities can store a massive amount of information, videos and photos without getting bogged down. Choosing a hard drive can be confusing if you are not familiar with what to look for. Hard drives can have a very high capacity and they can be very small. It is important when looking at hard drive for your computer or laptop to know what you need. Performance in a hard drive can vary dramatically. There is nothing more frustrating than trying to save information and learning your hard drive is full. If you plan on using your hard drive to store a minimum amount of information, you may not need to spend the extra money on a bigger hard drive. For storing large files, videos, music and pictures, your computer will need to be equipped with a larger amount of hard drive space. You can purchase 160 GB and bigger of hard drive space on most computers. The general rule of thumb for purchasing hard drive space is to purchase the largest amount of space you think you will need and that you can afford. Price is another factor when choosing the right hard drive size. The most common size of hard drive for the money ranges from 60 to 80 gigabytes. These hard drive sizes are readily available on most operating systems. They are a good economical choice for computer users needing the computer for everyday storage and use. Besides the size of the hard drive and purchase price consider access times and transfer rates when looking at hard drives. The transfer rate is how much data can be transferred per second. This can vary though, depending on the condition of the computer. A computer that is nearly full may have a much slower transfer rate. Transfer rates come in either internal or external. The internal transfer rate is how fast the hard drive can read the date. The external transfer rate is how fast the drive can speed data to whatever it is connected to. Usually, the transfer rate will be a little slower than listed, so it is best to get a faster transfer rate. The external rate is link to the type of hard drive that the computer is using. Be aware that hard drive speed is affect by the computer's capabilities. If your computer is slow, a bigger and faster hard drive will do you little good. Also, if your computer is operating slowly, a bogged down hard drive may be the problem. If your computer system is running slow, deleting unnecessary files from the hard drive. Defrag is another option used to optimize slow hard drive systems. Fragmentation of the hard drive occurs when the operating system breaks a saved file into separate pieces and stores them in other places. This usually happens when there is not enough room to store all the date. Defrag takes those stored file fragments and pieces them back together again. The process can be time consuming, but is a good way to optimize hard drive space and the speed of the computer. Posted by Robert Burns Love Poem: &quot;A Red, Red Rose&quot; Robert Burns, a poor man, an educated man, and a ladies' man, is representative of Scotland, much like whisky, haggis, bagpipes, and kilts. He lived a life shortened by rheumatic heart disease, 1759-1796, but his life journey through poverty, informal education, disappointed love, nationalism, and literary and financial success can be identified by all Scots and common men the world over. He has become almost a national symbol of all things Scottish. His life is like a love story with a happy ending. The Poet, Robert Burns Robert Burns's family raised seven children on sparse, rented farmland on the west coast of Scotland. The family cottage still stands as a proud tourist attraction. The family farm was not successful and the family moved from farm to farm. Life on the farm in western Scotland was harsh and Robert worked long hours with his father. Burn's father recognized the value of education and he managed to hire a local teacher to tutor Robert. He was an extremely bright student, mastering Shakespeare, current poets, French, Latin, philosophy, politics, geography, theology, and mathematics. His father read the Bible during the evenings around the cottage fireplace and Robert became an expert on the Bible and a devout Church member. Robert Burns wrote his first poem at age 15. The poem was called "Handsome Nell" and was about his first love for a girl named Nellie Blair. Throughout his life, Burns was a charming and witty man, attracting the attention of numerous women. A dozen or more women can be identified as the inspiration for various poems. Burns wrote many famous love poems, including "A Red, Red Rose" and "One Fond Kiss." Here's an excerpt from "Handsome Nell." "O once I loved a bonnie lass, Aye, and I love her still; And whilst that virtue warms my breast, I'll love my handsome Nell." Burns, in a later comment on this poem, stated that he had "never had the least thought or inclination of turning poet till I got once heartily in love, and then rhyme and song were, in a manner, the spontaneous language of my heart." The Turning Point In 1786, at age 27, Robert Burns went through a major turning point in his life. He suffered a disappointing love affair with Jean Armour, who was pregnant with his twin sons. The local community and Armour's father were outraged by the affair and her father rejected Burns's offer of marriage. Dejected and depressed, Burns made plans to leave Scotland and sail to Jamaica in the West Indies. To finance the trip, Burns submitted a volume of his poetry for publication. The publication of 612 copies in a simple, unbound volume was called "Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect," also sometimes known as "The Kilmarnock Edition." The poems were well received in Edinburgh by socialites who were enchanted by the poems and amazed that a poor farmer could write so well. So, instead of planning his escape to a new world, Burns planned a trip to Edinburgh. His confident manner, ingratiating style, and his obvious wit and intelligence brought Burns popularity and admiration. Soon, a second publication of his work was executed in Edinburgh. The Growing Popularity During his stay in Edinburgh, Robert Burns met printer James Johnson, who planned a project to print all of the folk songs in Scotland. This project enthralled Burns and embarked upon a journey throughout Scotland to collect as many folk songs as possible. Burns collected over 300 songs and wrote a few himself, including "A Red, Red Rose." One of the results of his travels throughout Scotland was that Robert Burns ingratiated himself to everyone he met and he rose to national prominence and popularity. The collected songs were published by Johnson in six volumes and by George Thomson in a five volume set. Another happy outcome of this turning point in Robert Burns's life is that he was able to return home and marry his beloved Jean Armour, now with the blessing of her family. Robert Burns continued to collect and write songs for The Scots Musical Museum, an anthology of traditional Scottish lyrical poems, until his untimely death from rheumatic heart disease in 1796. Within a few years of his death groups of Robert Burns's friends and fans gathered to promote his memory and to celebrate his life. By 1801, five years after his death, groups met on the anniversary of his death, but later they began to meet on the anniversary of his birth, January 25. Now there are many Burns clubs and societies who celebrate his memory with dinners, including haggis, and readings of his works. The Poem, "A Red, Red Rose" One of the most famous songs that Robert Burns wrote for this project and first published in 1794 was "A Red, Red Rose." Burns wrote it as a traditional ballad, four verses of four lines each. "A Red, Red Rose" begins with a quatrain containing two similes. Burns compares his love with a springtime blooming rose and then with a sweet melody. These are popular poetic images and this is the stanza most commonly quoted from the poem. The second and third stanzas become increasingly complex, ending with the metaphor of the "sands of life," or hourglass. One the one hand we are given the image of his love lasting until the seas run dry and the rocks melt with the sun, wonderfully poetic images. On the other hand Burns reminds us of the passage of time and the changes that result. That recalls the first stanza and its image of a red rose, newly sprung in June, which we know from experience will change and decay with time. These are complex and competing images, typical of the more mature Robert Burns. The final stanza wraps up the poem's complexity with a farewell and a promise of return. "A Red, Red Rose" is written as a ballad with four stanzas of four lines each. Each stanza has alternating lines of four beats, or iambs, and three beats. The first and third lines have four iambs, consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, as in da-dah, da-dah, da-dah, da-dah. The second and fourth lines consist of three iambs. This form of verse is well adapted for singing or recitation and originated in the days when poetry existed in verbal rather than written form. A Red, Red Rose O my luve's like a red, red rose. That's newly sprung in June; O my luve's like a melodie That's sweetly play'd in tune. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, So deep in luve am I; And I will love thee still, my Dear, Till a'the seas gang dry. Till a' the seas gang dry, my Dear, And the rocks melt wi' the sun: I will luve thee still, my Dear, While the sands o'life shall run. And fare thee weel my only Luve! And fare thee weel a while! And I will come again, my Luve, Tho' it were ten thousand mile! Posted by

i don't know

"In the Bible, for what ""price"" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob?"

TRIVIA - THE BIBLE TRIVIA - THE BIBLE Bible Trivia questions and answers. How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale? A. Three days and three nights. Why did a Bible published in London in 1632 become known as the Wicked Bible? A. Because "not" was missing from the seventh commandment, making it "Thou shalt commit adultery." The name of God is not mentioned in only one book of the Bible. Which one? A. The Book of Esther. What kind of wood was used to make Noah's Ark? A. Gopher wood, according to Genesis 6:14. Who was the only Englishman to become Pope? A. Nicholas Breakspear, who was Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? A. The Beatles' first appearance on "The Ed Sullivan Show." According to the Bible, what substance was used to caulk Noah's ark and to seal the basket in which the infant Moses was set adrift on the Nile? A. Pitch, or natural asphalt. How old was Moses when he died? A. He was 120 years old, according to the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:7). How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling? A. "Six cubits and a span," What biblical Babylonian king cast Daniel into the lion's den for praying to God in defiance of a royal decree? A. Darius the Mede (Book of Daniel, Chapter 6). What is the longest name in the Bible? A. Mahershalalbashbaz, which is also written Maher-shalal-hash-baz. (Isaiah 8:1). In the Bible, which of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse rides a red horse? A. War (Book of Revelation). How many books of the Bible are named for women? A. Ruth and Esther. What language is Jesus believed to have spoken? A. Aramaic -- an ancient language in use on the north Arabian Peninsula at the time of Christ. A modern version of the language is spoken today in Syria and among Assyrians in Azerbaijan. In the Bible, for what "price" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob? A. Pottage of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). What did the lords of the philistines offer Delilah for revealing the secret of Samson's strength? A. They promised the sum of 1,100 pieces of silver each, according to the Bible (Judges 16:5). In the Old Testament, who was Jezebel's husband? A. Ahab, King of Israel (I Kings 16:28-31). What bird is named for the apostle Peter? A. The petrel, from a diminutive form of Petrus, or "Peter," in Latin. What was the first town in the United States to be given a biblical name? Hint: Its name is the most common biblical place name in the country. A. Salem, Massachusetts. Salem is the shortened form of Jerusalem, which means "the city of peace" in Hebrew. In the Bible, who did the sun and moon stand still before? A. Joshua.

pottage of lentils genesis 25 29 34

What bird is named for the apostle Peter?

TRIVIA - THE BIBLE TRIVIA - THE BIBLE Bible Trivia questions and answers. How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale? A. Three days and three nights. Why did a Bible published in London in 1632 become known as the Wicked Bible? A. Because "not" was missing from the seventh commandment, making it "Thou shalt commit adultery." The name of God is not mentioned in only one book of the Bible. Which one? A. The Book of Esther. What kind of wood was used to make Noah's Ark? A. Gopher wood, according to Genesis 6:14. Who was the only Englishman to become Pope? A. Nicholas Breakspear, who was Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? A. The Beatles' first appearance on "The Ed Sullivan Show." According to the Bible, what substance was used to caulk Noah's ark and to seal the basket in which the infant Moses was set adrift on the Nile? A. Pitch, or natural asphalt. How old was Moses when he died? A. He was 120 years old, according to the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:7). How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling? A. "Six cubits and a span," What biblical Babylonian king cast Daniel into the lion's den for praying to God in defiance of a royal decree? A. Darius the Mede (Book of Daniel, Chapter 6). What is the longest name in the Bible? A. Mahershalalbashbaz, which is also written Maher-shalal-hash-baz. (Isaiah 8:1). In the Bible, which of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse rides a red horse? A. War (Book of Revelation). How many books of the Bible are named for women? A. Ruth and Esther. What language is Jesus believed to have spoken? A. Aramaic -- an ancient language in use on the north Arabian Peninsula at the time of Christ. A modern version of the language is spoken today in Syria and among Assyrians in Azerbaijan. In the Bible, for what "price" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob? A. Pottage of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). What did the lords of the philistines offer Delilah for revealing the secret of Samson's strength? A. They promised the sum of 1,100 pieces of silver each, according to the Bible (Judges 16:5). In the Old Testament, who was Jezebel's husband? A. Ahab, King of Israel (I Kings 16:28-31). What bird is named for the apostle Peter? A. The petrel, from a diminutive form of Petrus, or "Peter," in Latin. What was the first town in the United States to be given a biblical name? Hint: Its name is the most common biblical place name in the country. A. Salem, Massachusetts. Salem is the shortened form of Jerusalem, which means "the city of peace" in Hebrew. In the Bible, who did the sun and moon stand still before? A. Joshua.

i don't know

Who is the only woman whose age is mentioned in the Bible?

Sarah, Sarai, Sara - All the Women of the Bible - Bible Gateway Sarah, Sarai, Sara The Woman Who Became Mother of Nations Scripture References— Genesis 11:29-31; 12:5-17; 16:1-8; 17:15-21; 18; 20:2-18; 21:1-12; 23:1-19; 24:36, 37; 25:10, 12; 49:31; Isaiah 51:2; Romans 4:19; 9:9; Hebrews 11:11; 1 Peter 3:6 Name Meaning—Among the classified names of the Bible are those known as sacramental names, and are so-called because they were names given by God Himself, or under His inspiration in association with a particular promise, covenant or declaration of His, as to the character, destiny or mission of those distinctly named. Thus a sacramental name became a sign and seal of an established covenant between God and the recipient of such a name. Two Bible characters bearing sacramental names are Abraham and Sarah, both of which signify the gracious purposes and promises of God. The wife of the patriarch was originally known as Sarai, meaning “princely” or “a princess.” Elsdon C. Smith suggests it may signify “contentious” or “quarrelsome,” but was changed, not accidentally, or by the whim of the bearer, but by God Himself that it might be a sign of His purpose, into Sarah, implying the princess, a princess or princesses, the source of nations and kings. Sarah or “chieftainness,” the feminine of Sar, meaning a “captain” or “commander” is repeatedly used in this sense as a common noun as, for instance, by Isaiah who renders it “queen” ( Isaiah 49:23 ). It has been observed that among ancient Jews there was a sort of a cabalistic translation that “the Hebrew letter yod signifies the creative power of God in nature, while the letter hay symbolizes the state of grace—that state into which Sarah had entered after receiving the covenanted promises.” The promise of ancestorship of many nations came with the change of the name of Sarai to Sarah. “I will bless her and she shall become nations.” She was thus associated with her husband in the great blessing of the covenant whose name was also changed from Abram to Abraham. The former, original name means a “high, or honored father,” the latter, “a father of many nations.” The Apocrypha speaks of Abraham as “a great father of a multitude of nations” ( Ecclesiasticus 44:19-21 ). The root idea of Sarah means “to rule,” and fits the personality of the bearer. It was a name intended as a seal of the promise given to Abraham, “kings of peoples shall be of her.” Paul has an allegorical reference to Sarah as one who typified the gospel dispensation, “Jerusalem which is above ... which is the mother of us all” ( Galatians 4:26 ). Thus, Sarah was to be the princess, not only “because she was to be the ancestress of a great nation literally, of many nations spiritually, but also because the rank and power were to be possessed by her descendants, or rather because the people descended from her were to be ruled over by a regal dynasty, by a succession of kings of their own race and lineage, is derived from her.” In the genealogy of the descendants of Esau, Sarah’s grandson we read, “These are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom before there reigned any king over the children of Israel.” The line of kings descended from Sarah terminated in God’s Anointed One, the Messiah, whose “kingdom is not of this world.” The sacramental name of Sarah, therefore, also symbolizes the spiritual seed, the whole multitude of believers of all nations who are “kings and priests unto God.” Then the personal application of the changed name must not be forgotten. Called Sarah by God and the Angels ( Genesis 17:15; 18:9 ), she exhibited the traits of a princess, “wielding a sceptre by the magic of which she could lord it over men’s hearts after her own will, even bring kings to her feet. If she came into the world with a will of her own as her dowry, nature further assisted her in developing it by the great beauty of her face and the grace of her stature. By these gifts she made her wish a command and disarmed opposition.” Both in bearing and character she illustrated the significance of her name. Through the long, long years of the quiet and stedfast devotion of Abraham to Sarah, peace reigned in the matrimonial tent more because of Abraham’s gentleness, kindness and forbearance, even though he lived so long with the more expressive and possessive ways of Sarah. Twice over in the kjv of the New Testament she is referred to as Sara, but the asv uniformly gives us Sarah ( Hebrews 11:11; 1 Peter 3:6 ). Family Connections—Sarah came from Ur of the Chaldees, Babylonia, and her former name Sarai, “princely,” identifies her as coming from an honored family. She was the daughter of Terah and was therefore half-sister to Abram, her senior by ten years ( Genesis 17:17 ), whom she married in the Ur of the Chaldees. While Abram and Sarai had the same father, they had different mothers ( Genesis 20:12 ). Marriages between near relatives were countenanced in those days and were sometimes common for religious reasons ( Genesis 24:3, 4; 28:1, 2 ), but not marriages between those actually by the same mother. Sarai was well past middle life and childless when with Abram she left her own country and with him went out “not knowing whither they went” ( Genesis 11:29, 30 ). There are various ways of looking at this remarkable woman who through a long span of life was the faithful wife of a prophet known as “The Friend of God.” Her Uniqueness Strange though it may sound and seem, the first Jew was a Gentile, for Abraham who came from beyond the Euphrates was the first man to be called a Hebrew, “Abram the Hebrew” ( Genesis 14:13 ). The word Hebrew itself means, “the immigrant,” and was no doubt the usual designation among the Canaanites. As his wife, Sarah was the first Hebrewess—the joint fountainhead of the great Jewish race ( Genesis 11:29-31; Isaiah 51:2 ). Abraham has been fitly called, “The fountainhead of the Hebrew hero life,” and Sarah is the heroine of such life. She remains the first unquestionably historical woman of the Hebrews, and their first mother. She is, therefore, one of the most important female figures in the world’s history, as the natural source of the Jewish people, through whom the nations of the earth were to be blessed. Only two women are named in the illustrious roll of those conspicuous for their faith: Sarah is the first, and Rahab the second ( Hebrews 11:11, 31 ), both of whom lived by faith and died in faith ( Hebrews 11:13 ). Sarah or Sara have always been popular female names both among Jews and Gentiles. Her Beauty The testimony of the Bible is that Sarah was unusually beautiful ( Genesis 12:11, 14 ). The lines of Keats were true of her— A thing of beauty is a joy for ever: Its loveliness increases; it will never Pass into nothingness; but still will keep A bower quiet for us, and a sleep Full of sweet dreams ... Hebrew folklore has kept alive stories of her remarkable beauty and ranks her next to the most perfect woman the world has known, Eve, “the mother of all living.” Sarah seems to have had beauty that grew more attractive with the passing years. “Of the things that are unfavourable to the preservation of beauty, the Orientals count travel as one that is most baneful, even fatal to it,” says Gustav Gottheil. “Yet when Sarah arrived, after a long journey through dusty deserts and under a scorching sun, at the frontiers of Egypt, she was more beautiful than ever, and this explains the curious speech of Abraham to his wife at that juncture: ‘Now I know that thou art a woman beautiful to look at.’ Did he not know that before? Not so convincingly, explains the rabbi, as after he had seen that even travel had left no touch on her countenance.” Isaiah says that, “Beauty is a fading flower” ( Isaiah 28:1 ), and a song of old has the stanza— Beauty is but skin deep, And ugly to the bone. Beauty soon fades away, But ugly holds its own. But with Sarah it was different, for even when she was 90 years of age she was so lovely that Abraham feared that kings would fall in love with her bewitching beauty—which Pharaoh and Abimelech did, as our next glimpse of her proves. As one of the most beautful women who ever lived we can imagine that wherever she journeyed the admiring eyes of all were cast upon her. “Grave is all beauty,” and Sarah’s renowned loveliness certainly brought its trouble. Her Peril When famine drove Abraham and Sarah into the land of Egypt, and they felt that hostile kings might take them prisoners, Abraham came up with the abject, base proposal that if taken prisoners then his wife should represent herself as his sister. Fear of death unmanned him and led him to risk the dishonor of his wife and thereby save his own neck. She dearly loved her husband, and his life was too precious to her to make her think of the shame she might incur. Sarah was utterly wrong in yielding to her husband’s plot. How nobler she would have been had she stoutly refused Abraham saying, “How can I do this great wickedness and sin against God?” But she called her husband “lord,” and evidently he was lord of her conscience. Abraham felt that if oriental despots knew that Sarah and he were married they would slay him and add the lovely woman to their harem. Married to a conspicuous beauty caused Abraham to be afraid, and he resorted to a falsehood to save his life. If taken, Sarah was not to say that she was his wife but his sister. This pretense was not an outright lie, but a half-truth, seeing that she was his half-sister. They were children of the same father, but not the same mother. It seems hard to believe that such a good man could deliver his lovely wife over to a heathen monarch, but he did, and Sarah entered Pharaoh’s harem. But God protected her by sending plagues upon the monarch. Pharaoh sent her back to her own husband, untouched. The same unworthy plan was carried out when Abimelech, king of the Philistines, admiring her bewitching beauty had her taken to his harem. But again God interfered and commanded the king to restore Sarah to Abraham, seeing she was his wife. Threatened with violent death, Abimelech obeyed, but severely rebuked Abraham for his deceit ( Genesis 12:10-20; 20 ). Years later Isaac, the son of Abraham and Sarah, used this same form of deception ( Genesis 26:6-13 , see href="/id/42314245-4242-3341-2D30-3838372D3345">Rebekah ). God expressed His displeasure with Abraham and his wife because of their ill-conceived plot. As the Righteous One, He could not condone such trickery. Had He not called them out from their country for a specific mission? And was He not able to protect and preserve them from harm and danger in a strange land? Was not the halflie told on two occasions an indication of the lack of faith in God’s overshadowing care and power to fulfill His promise? Abraham’s lofty soul suffered an eclipse of the virtue of faith for which he was renowned when he adopted such a plan of deception, exposing his wife to great peril, and also thwarting of the divine plan for and through Sarah. (Compare Hagar.) Abraham’s deception was followed by an attempt to ease an offense, and the patriarch was more blameworthy than Sarah who should have resisted the dangerous plan of exposing herself for the sexual gratification of other men. A lie that is half a truth Is ever the worst of lies. A half-truth is always a lie. While it was true that Sarah was Abraham’s sister, the assertion was in reality a falsehood. After the severe rebuke from Pharaoh for their deception, they should have learned their lesson, but to commit the same sin again a few years later, and further imperil God’s plan to make of them a great nation, leaves Abraham and Sarah without excuse. How slow we are to learn from our past failures? Her Sorrow The one great grief of Abraham and Sarah was that through their long life together they had no children. To a Hebrew woman, barrenness was looked upon as a gnawing grief, and sometimes regarded as a sign of divine disfavor. Childless, even when back in Babylonia ( Genesis 11:30; 16:1-8 ), Sarah remained so until at 90 years of age God miraculously fulfilled His promise and made her the mother of the son of promise. Through the long years, “side by side with the prosperity, beat for beat with the pulse of Abraham’s joy, there throbs in Sarah’s heart a pulse of pain ... There is as yet no heir.” The constant grief of barrenness caused Sarah to become “The Woman Who Made a Great Mistake.” In spite of the fact that, along with her husband, she had received the divine promise, that from her nations would spring, the possibility of ever becoming a mother died in her heart. Such a cross as barrenness inflamed and intensified her pride, and forced her to find a way out of this embarrassment to her husband. “Sarah sacrificed herself on the cruelest altar on which any woman ever laid herself down; but the cords of the sacrifice were all the time the cords of a suicidal pride: till the sacrifice was both a great sin in the sight of God, a fatal injury to herself, to her husband, and to innocent generations yet unborn.” Sarah revealed the sad defect of her qualities when she said to Abraham, “Take Hagar my maid, and let not the promises of God fail through me. Through her I can continue your hereditary line.” But all poor Hagar could do was to produce an Ishmael. It was only through Sarah that the promised seed could come. Although it might have been a custom of the time for a man with a barren wife to take a concubine in order that he might have an heir, Abraham, as a God-fearing man, should have stoutly refused to go along with the unworthy scheme, which in the end produced jealousy and tragedy. “Abram hearkened to the voice of Sarai,” but the voice was the fatal siren of Satan who sought to destroy the royal, promised seed ( Genesis 3:15 ). As one modern writer expresses it— Little did Sarai think when she persuaded Abram to take Hagar, that she was originating a rivalry which has run in the keenest animosity through the ages, and which oceans of blood have not quenched. In our cameo of Hagar (which see) we sought to show all that followed the blunder of Sarah, when she intervened in God’s plan and chose her way to continue her husband’s posterity. Her Joy In His forgiving love and mercy God appeared to Abram when he was 99 years old, and assured him that his long barren wife, although now 90 years old, would conceive. To confirm His promise God changed the name of Abram to Abraham, and of Sarai to Sarah ( Genesis 17; 18 ). At such a revelation of God’s purpose, “Abraham fell upon his face and laughed.” Although he marveled at the performance of the naturally impossible, Abraham yet believed, and his laughter was the joy of a man of faith. Laughter is sometimes mad ( Ecclesiastes 2:2 ) but that of Abraham was highly rational. He rejoiced in the thought that Isaac should be born, and perhaps at that time he had a vision of the Messiah. Jesus said, “Your father Abraham rejoiced to see my day” ( John 8:56 ). As for Sarah, what was her reaction when she overheard the Lord say to her husband, “Sarah thy wife shall have a son”? The record says, “Sarah laughed within herself,” but hers was the laugh of doubt. Yet when her son was born he was named Isaac, which means “laughter”—a memorial of her sin ( Genesis 18:13 ), and of her husband’s joy ( 17:17 ). Sarah’s joy knew no bounds, “God hath made me to laugh” ( 21:6; 24:36 ). She had laughter before, but God was not the author of her laugh of doubt. The joy of Sarah in the birth of Isaac reminds us of “the great joy” proclaimed by the angels who made known to the shepherds the birth of Christ who came of the line of Isaac ( Luke 2:10; Romans 4:18-21 ). Paul reminds us that it was by faith that Sarah conceived beyond nature ( Hebrews 11:11 ). It was not only in itself a miracle wrought by faith, but also in earnest of something far greater, even the Incarnation of Jesus Christ. Her Longevity Sarah is the only woman whose specific age is stated in Scripture. A girl’s approximate age is given us in the gospels. The only daughter of Jairus whom Jesus raised from the dead was “about 12 years of age” ( Luke 8:42 ). Sarah called herself old when she was 87 ( Genesis 18:12 ), but she was 127 years of age when she died. Abraham had reached the patriarchal age of 175 when God called him home. Godliness has always been favorable to longevity. The “good old age” ( Genesis 15:15 ) was a signal proof of the faithfulness of the Lord. When the Countess of Huntingdon came to die she said, “My work is done, and I have nothing to do but to go to my Father.” Surely the same contentment was experienced both by Sarah and Abraham who were not satiated with life, but satisfied with it. Abraham lived for another 38 years after Sarah’s death before his God-given task was completed. The day came, then, for Sarah to leave the world in which she had sojourned so long, and hers is the first grave to be mentioned in Scripture. Although Abraham and Sarah were nomads living in their tent in a desert land, the aged patriarch wanted a more permanent resting place for his beloved wife than the shifting sand of the desert. Here vultures and beasts of prey would wait to gorge themselves off the dead, leaving behind nothing but white bones. Breaking with the ancient custom of the desert burial, Abraham purchased a cave at Machpelah as a sepulcher for his dear Sarah, and when Abraham himself came to die his sons “buried him beside Sarah.” Thus, in death, symbolically, they were unseparated as they had been through their long and eventful life together. When Cornelia, the mother of Caius and Tiberius Gracchus, whom she called her “jewels” died, on her monument was inscribed, “Cornelia, the mother of Gracchi.” Had a monument been erected for the noble woman we have been considering, the simple inscription in enduring marble would have been sufficient— Here lies

Sarah

What is the most common name in the Bible--shared by 32 people in the Old Testament and one in the New Testament?

Six Amazing Moms in the Bible Six Amazing Moms in the Bible By Anita Renfroe CBN.com – If you have spent your adult life trying to live up to the mothering standard set in the thirty-first chapter of Proverbs (and I know some women do), you might as well just go ahead and take up permanent residence in the I-can’t-quite-measure-up lane. I have a sneaking suspicion that that woman was either a composite sketch of several stellar women, a wishful hope, or a case of one woman mistakenly believing her own press kit. The intro to that chapter of Proverbs states that these are “the sayings of King Lemuel — an oracle that his mother taught him.” Webster defines this sort of oracle as “a person giving wise or authoritative decisions or opinions.” I would amend that to say that this was likely a mother hoping none of the girls her son was currently dating would ever measure up to her “oracle.” Regardless, we are left with the impression that this sort of mother is the Approved Standard Version — family centered, good business woman, great cook, generous, prepared, discreet, praiseworthy, wise, and beautiful. If she was indeed a real woman — all things to all people and extraordinarily perfect — then I’m just glad we didn’t have a chance to meet. She could never have considered me as part of her Potential Friend Pool. This is precisely why I am so glad that the Bible gives us pictures of other kinds of mothers — the ones who cause us to nod our head to affirm the phrase, “If you can’t be a good example then you’ll just have to be a horrible warning.” I have come up with examples of a few of both types in the following list. There are many other moms in God’s Word, but these are a sampling of the good, the bad, and the downright bizarre. MOMS IN THE BIBLE EVE The Original Mother — more specifically, of Cain, Abel, and Seth (and several unnamed others) I guess if we are to commence in chronological order we would have to begin with Eve, the mother of us all. And she was the woman who made THE monumental, mind-blowing, affects-everybody forever mistake. So she probably deserves the bad rap she gets. But it wasn’t like there were any other women around to make it instead of her, right? Maybe she was the first to partake of the fruit just because she was the only one who could remember where it was in the garden (women just know where stuff is). You have to feel a little bit of sympathy for the girl who didn’t have a mother to ask about how things were for her back in the day. When the kids had a temperature or were teething she just had to figure it out on her own, but, then again, nobody could look at her and tell her that she was doing it all wrong. And sure, she got us into epidurals, but she had the mother of all heartache, too. Her sons were involved in the first homicide (without Nintendo and violence on TV to blame it on). She was the first mom to have to bury her child. SARAH Mother of Isaac This is the mom who gives hope to everyone who waited a little late to get started on the Mommy Track. Not that she didn’t try; her womb was just on a different biological clock. God made a promise to Abraham that he would be the father of many nations. This led Sarah to the logical conclusion that she would be the mother of many nations. When that wasn’t happening in a timely manner, Sarah decided to do her own "thang," so to speak. She gave her handmaiden Hagar as her maternal stunt double. This resulted in a child but not the child. When the messenger of the Lord told Abraham that it really would be Sarah that was going to deliver the promised baby, Sarah overheard, laughed, and promptly got in trouble for it. But if you were her age you would laugh, too, just thinking about how the breast-feeding would be easy now that she could just lay Isaac on her lap to do it. Sarah is a sister who could laugh at her late start with motherhood knowing that good things come to those who wait. REBEKAH Mother of Jacob and Esau For every mom who has ever had the temptation to play favorites with her children, pay attention to Rebekah. She didn’t just play favorites, she schemed and connived and was an accessory to one of the biggest Daddy Dupes in all of history. It says it plain in Scripture that Isaac loved Esau because he was an outdoors-man but Rebekah loved Jacob. This kind of favoritism does not bode well for a family. When the lines are drawn and it is obvious who is thick with whom, life can get very messy. Rebekah was in collusion with Jacob (even his name meant “trickster”) to take the birthright from his older brother. I’m sure she rationalized that it wasn’t such a bad thing since the twin boys were only separated by moments, but her hand in helping Jacob trick his father was her way of thumbing her nose at the order of things and a diss to her dying husband. Turns out that this family rift lasted for a long time. Rebekah reminds us that it is a dangerous thing to use maternal power for manipulation. BATHSHEBA Mother of Solomon Bathsheba was well-named as it was her “bath-ing” that attracted the attention of King David. Their illicit affair resulted in the birth of a son. David tried for some damage control by sending her husband out to war, back to the house hoping for a copulating cover-up, and then out to the frontlines to get killed. (And we think we have seriously evil plots in our current movies.) David got his wish — Bathsheba’s husband was killed in battle, and David thought he had gotten away with it. Nathan confronted him and David repented bitterly. But we never really hear how it all affected Bathsheba. Their sin is well documented and the effects to David’s household long-lasting. However, a son was born from their union and Solomon turned out to be a peaceable ruler whose wisdom was legendary. Bathsheba’s motherhood gives women hope that, regardless of the circumstances surrounding your pregnancy and the birth of your child, God can redeem any situation. You never know, you might just have the wisest person ever on the planet staring back at you from that high chair. JOCHEBED Mother of Aaron, Moses, and Miriam If there was ever a mom whose life would have made a great screenplay for a Lifetime for Women movie it would be Jochebed. You just have to give it up for her and the midwives who, in their act of civil disobedience, allowed Moses to be born. Those midwives, when asked by the pharaoh why they were not killing the boy babies as commanded, replied that the Hebrew women were “too vigorous” and popped those babies out before they could get there! Thus baby Moses was born but had to be sent down the river (literally) with his sister serving as lookout, only to be pulled out of the water by the pharaoh’s daughter, who secured the services of Moses’ biological mom to nanny him. Talk about movie script material! Oh wait. They’ve already done that. Anyway, Moses’ mom shows us that the determination and ingenuity of a desperate mother can result in surprising circumstances. Oh, the places you’ll go! MARY Mother of Jesus Talk about your Personal EPT . . . I mean Mary’s was early, EARLY! And accurate, too. Angelic visitation definitely qualifies as a sure thing. But the favored girl had to have some concerns because unwed pregnancy was a little different back then. You could get stoned for it. I’m sure she was very relieved to find out that the angel had given her beau, Joseph, the same message. And yes, she was going to give birth to the divine Gift of heaven, but, as any mother knows, all gifts come with some work attached. She still had to change the Baby Jesus’ diapers, soothe him as he teethed, teach him to walk, and clean up his skinned knees. She had to cook the meals and wash his clothes and do all the things that moms do for their children. It’s interesting the places we see Mary pop up in the gospels — for example, at the temple sending out an APB for her boy. (I believe I might have grounded Jesus if he told me that he was just doing his father’s business, but no such reaction from Mary is recorded.) Another of my favorite mother moments of Mary’s was when she was at the wedding feast apparently exasperated with her thirty-year-old son for not doing that “thing” he could do with the water. When Jesus seems to refuse to come through the way she knows he can, she goes around him and tells the servants to get ready to do something for him. And Jesus does the miracle. I would have loved to have been there to see the looks pass between mother and son that night. And then we see Mary at the crucifixion. Disciples may scatter, followers may be in hiding, but a mother stays when the rest of the world walks away. In fact, Mary is a rich tapestry of real motherhood: a lot of excitement followed by years of work and moments of intense pain. But through it all, mothers are there. These moms in the Bible reveal to us that mother-love is fierce and stubborn to a fault — even wrong-headed sometimes. We do right things for wrong reasons and wrong things because we think everyone needs our help. When you look at the moms in the Bible say a silent prayer of thanks that these women are included along side the Oracle of Lemuel in Proverbs 31 to bring snapshots of reality and spiritual caution cones to our journey.

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In what language was the New Testament originally written?

In what language was the Bible first written? | Biblica - The International Bible Society In what language was the Bible first written? In what language was the Bible first written? The first human author to write down the biblical record was Moses. He was commanded by God to take on this task, for Exodus 34:27 records God’s words to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.” And what language did he use? He wrote in his native language, called Hebrew. Hebrew is one of a group of languages known as the Semitic languages which were spoken throughout that part of the world, then called Mesopotamia, located today mainly in Iraq. Their alphabet consisted of 22 letters, all consonants. (Imagine having an alphabet with no vowels! Much later they did add vowels.) During the thousand years of its composition, almost the entire Old Testament was written in Hebrew. But a few chapters in the prophecies of Ezra and Daniel and one verse in Jeremiah were written in a language called Aramaic. This language became very popular in the ancient world and actually displaced many other languages. Aramaic even became the common language spoken in Israel in Jesus’ time, and it was likely the language He spoke day by day. Some Aramaic words were even used by the Gospel writers in the New Testament. The New Testament, however, was written in Greek. This seems strange, since you might think it would be either Hebrew or Aramaic. However, Greek was the language of scholarship during the years of the composition of the New Testament from 50 to 100 AD. The fact is that many Jews could not even read Hebrew anymore, and this disturbed the Jewish leaders a lot! So, around 300 BC a translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Greek was undertaken, and it was completed around 200 BC. Gradually this Greek translation of the Old Testament, called the Septuagint, was widely accepted and was even used in many synagogues. It also became a wonderful missionary tool for the early Christians, for now the Greeks could read God’s Word in their own tongue. So the New Testament authors wrote in Greek. They did not, however, use really high-class or classical Greek, but a very common and everyday type of Greek. For many years some scholars ridiculed the Greek of the New Testament because many of its words were strange to those who read the writings of the great Greek classical authors such as Plato and Aristotle. But later many records were uncovered of ordinary people, and amazingly there were the same common terms used in everyday speech! The ridicule dried up accordingly. The earliest copies of parts of the Hebrew Old Testament were discovered in 1947. They are part of the famous Dead Sea Scrolls and actually date back to the first century BC. Even though they are at least 900 years older than any parts of the Bible we had before this, they are not the originals. They are copies. The originals have all been lost or destroyed. But we are not at all doubtful that we may not have the original text. Copying by scribes was done with great care in those days and because the text was regarded as sacred, the copyists were extremely painstaking. Today some 5000 hand-copied documents exist of all or part of the Bible, and they agree in 98% of the text! No other ancient writing has this amount of underlying support with such amazing agreement as to the text. Yes, we do have what God wanted us to have! By way of translation, we now have His revelation in our own language and in 2300 other languages, too. Today we have the very Bible that comes to us from the three languages used in the original. Truly we can say, “God speaks my language, too!” Back to FAQs Do you have questions about the Bible? Visit our FAQs page for in-depth answers to important questions.

in greek

What was the total population of the world at the time of Christ?

What were the original languages of the Bible? | Bibleinfo.com Home » Bible Questions » What were the original languages of the Bible? What were the original languages of the Bible? The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, and the New Testament was written in Greek. Discover: Who wrote the Bible? HISTORY OF BIBLE TRANSLATIONS The first translation of the English Bible was initiated by John Wycliffe and completed by John Purvey in 1388. A few chapters of the books Ezra (ch. 4:8-6:18; 7:12-26) and Daniel (ch. 2:4 to 7:28), one verse in Jeremiah (ch. 10:11, and a word in Genesis (ch. 31:47) are written, not in ancient Hebrew, but in Aramaic. Aramaic is about as closely related to Hebrew as Spanish is to Portuguese. However, the differences between Aramaic and Hebrew are not those of dialect, and the two are regarded as two separate languages. From which language was the KJV was translated? Here is how it came about: 54 college professors, preachers, deans and bishops ranging in ages from 27 to 73 were engaged in the project of translating the KJV. To work on their masterpiece, these men were divided into six panels: two at Oxford, two at Cambridge, two at Westminster. Each panel concentrated on one portion of the Bible, and each scholar in the panel was assigned portions to translate. As guides the scholars used a Hebrew Text of the Old Testament, a Greek text for the New. Some Aramaic was used in each. They consulted translations in Chaldean, Latin, Spanish, French, Italian and Dutch. And, of course, they used earlier English Bibles—at least six, including William Tyndale's New Testament, the first to be printed in English. So what language did they use? Everything that was available. The first American edition of the Bible was probably published some time before 1752. The Bible has been translated in part or in whole as of 1964 in over 1,200 different languages or dialects. Question Categories

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Who were the parents of King Solomon?

King Solomon | Jewish Virtual Library Tweet The biblical King Solomon was known for his wisdom, his wealth and his writings. He became ruler in approximately 967 B.C.E. and his kingdom extended from the Euphrates River in the north to Egypt in the south. His crowning achievement was the building of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem . Almost all knowledge of him is derived from the biblical books of Kings I and Chronicles II . Solomon was the son of King David and Bathsheba. Solomon was not the oldest son of David , but David promised Bathsheba that Solomon would be the next king. When David’s elder son Adonijah declared himself king, David ordered his servants to bring Solomon to the Gihon spring where the priest anointed him while David was still alive. Solomon inherited a considerable empire from his father. At first Solomon was faced with opposition. Two of David’s closest advisors, Joab son of Zeruiah and the priest Abiathar, sided with Adonijah. When Adonijah came to Solomon and requested the king’s servant as a wife, Solomon saw that this was a veiled threat to take over his kingdom and sent a messenger to kill Adonijah. He banished Abiathar to the city of Anathoth. Solomon then followed his father’s last instructions in which David had ordered him to kill both Joab and one of his father’s enemies, Shimei son of Gera. Solomon thus overcame the last potential threats to his kingdom. He then appointed his friends to key military, governmental and religious posts. Solomon accumulated enormous wealth. He controlled the entire region west of the Euphrates and had peace on his borders. Kings I states that he owned 12,000 horses with horsemen and 1,400 chariots. Remains of stalls for 450 horses have in fact been found in Megiddo . Solomon strengthened his kingdom through marital alliances. Kings I records that he had 700 wives and 300 concubines, although some regard this number as an exaggeration.2 He had a large share in the trade between northern and southern countries. He established Israelite colonies around his province to look after military, administrative and commercial matters. The empire was divided into twelve districts, with Judah constituting its own political unit and enjoying certain privileges. Although Solomon was young, he soon became known for his wisdom. The first and most famous incident of his cleverness as a judge was when two women came to his court with a baby whom both women claimed as their own. Solomon threatened to split the baby in half. One woman was prepared to accept the decision, but the other begged the King to give the live baby to the other woman. Solomen then knew the second woman was the mother. People from surrounding nations also came to hear Solomon’s wisdom. He composed 3,000 proverbs and 1,005 songs. He wrote the Song of Songs, the Book of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes. One of the most celebrated visits to Solomon was that of the Queen of Sheba, who came from southern Arabia. Historically, Arabia was a country rich in gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Solomon needed Sheba’s products and trade routes; the queen of Sheba needed Solomon’s cooperation in marketing her country’s goods. The queen came to Solomon with camels carrying spices, gold and precious stones. She asked him questions and riddles and was amazed at his wisdom. Once Solomon’s empire was tranquil, he began to build the Holy Temple . He received wood from King Hiram of Tyre and imposed a compulsory labor service on both the Israelites and the foreign nations that were under his control. His workers built the structure of the Temple, its decorations and its vessels. The Temple took seven years to complete. It was built of stone and cedar, carved within and overlaid with pure gold. When it was done, Solomon dedicated the Temple in a public ceremony of prayers and sacrifices . Solomon was also renowned for his other building projects in which he used slave labor from the Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites. He spent 13 years building his own palace, and also built a city wall, a citadel called the Millo, a palace for the daughter of Pharaoh (who was one of his wives) and facilities for foreign traders. He erected cities for chariots and horsemen and created storage cities. He extended Jerusalem to the north and fortified cities near the mountains of Judah and Jerusalem. Solomon’s downfall came in his old age. He had taken many foreign wives, whom he allowed to worship other gods. He even built shrines for the sacrifices of his foreign wives. Within Solomon’s kingdom, he placed heavy taxation on the people, who became bitter. He also had the people work as soldiers, chief officers and commanders of his chariots and cavalry. He granted special privileges to the tribes of Judah and this alienated the northern tribes. The prophet Ahijah of Shiloh prophesied that Jeroboam son of Nebat would become king over ten of the 12 tribes, instead of one of Solomon’s sons. Outside Solomon’s kingdom, Hadad, of the royal family of Edom, rose up as an adversary of Israel. Rezon son of Eliada, ruler of Aram also fought Solomon, and created tension between the two kingdoms that was to last even after Solomon’s reign ended. Solomon died in Jerusalem after 40 years as ruler of Israel. He was buried in the City of David . His son, Rehoboam succeeded him as king. Under Rehobaum’s rule, Solomon’s empire was lost and his kingdom was divided into two parts. Sources: Compton’s Encyclopedia Online . "Solomon". The Learning Company, Inc, 1998; Encyclopedia Britannica . "Solomon". Volume 10, 15th Edition, 1997; Encyclopedia Judaica . "Solomon." 1978 Edition; Scriptures: Kings I , Chronicles II . The Jewish Publication Society’s translation, New York: 1985.

Bathsheba

What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant?

King Solomon - The Wisest Man Who Ever Lived King Solomon - The Wisest Man Who Ever Lived King Solomon - The Wisest Man Who Ever Lived Who Was King Solomon? Israel's Third King Sipley / ClassicStock / Getty Images By  Jack Zavada Updated September 09, 2016. King Solomon was the wisest man who ever lived and also one of the most foolish. God gifted him with unsurpassed wisdom , which Solomon squandered by disobeying God's commandments . Solomon was the second son of King David and Bathsheba . His name means "peaceable." Even as a baby, Solomon was loved by God. A conspiracy by Adonijah, Solomon's half-brother, tried to rob Solomon of the throne. Solomon killed Adonijah and Joab, David's general, to take the kingship. God appeared to Solomon in a dream and promised him anything he asked. Solomon chose understanding and discernment. God was so pleased with the request that he granted it, along with great riches and power. Solomon's downfall began when he married the daughter of the Egyptian Pharaoh to seal a political alliance. He could not control his lust . Among Solomon's 700 wives and 300 concubines were many foreigners, which angered God. The inevitable happened: They lured King Solomon away from Yahweh into worship of false gods and idols. Over his 40-year reign, Solomon did many great things, but he succumbed to the temptations of lesser men. The peace a united Israel enjoyed, the massive building projects he headed, and the successful commerce he developed became meaningless when Solomon stopped pursuing God. King Solomon's Accomplishments: Solomon built the first temple on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem, a seven-year task that became one of the wonders of the ancient world. He also built a majestic palace, gardens, roads, and government buildings. He accumulated thousands of horses and chariots. After securing peace with his neighbors, he built up trade and became the wealthiest king of his time. He is credited with writing much of the book of Proverbs , the Song of Solomon , the book of Ecclesiastes , and two psalms . King Solomon's Strengths: King Solomon possessed great wisdom , granted to him by God. He was a prolific writer, poet, and scientist. His skills in architecture and management turned Israel into the showplace of the middle East. As a diplomat, he made treaties and alliances that brought peace to his kingdom. King Solomon's Weaknesses: To satisfy his curious mind, Solomon turned to worldly pleasures instead of the pursuit of God. He collected all sorts of treasures and surrounded himself with luxury. In the case of non-Jewish wives and concubines, he let lust rule his heart instead of obedience to God . Solomon taxed his subjects heavily, conscripted them into his army and into slave-like labor for his building projects. Life Lessons: King Solomon's sins speak loudly to us in our materialistic culture. When we worship possessions and fame over God, we are headed for a fall. When Christians marry an unbeliever, they can also expect trouble. God is our first love. We should let nothing come before him. Hometown: Jerusalem . References to King Solomon in the Bible: 2 Samuel 12:24 - 1 Kings 11:43; 1 Chronicles 28, 29; 2 Chronicles 1-10; Nehemiah 13:26; Psalm 72; Matthew 6:29, 12:42. Occupation: Key Verses: 1 Kings 3:7-9 "Now, Lord my God, you have made your servant king in place of my father David. But I am only a little child and do not know how to carry out my duties. Your servant is here among the people you have chosen, a great people, too numerous to count or number. So give your servant a discerning heart to govern your people and to distinguish between right and wrong. For who is able to govern this great people of yours?" (NIV) Nehemiah 13:26 Was it not because of marriages like these that Solomon king of Israel sinned? Among the many nations there was no king like him. He was loved by his God, and God made him king over all Israel, but even he was led into sin by foreign women. (NIV)

i don't know

Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart?

Lana Lang (Character) - Comic Vine During the events of Millennium , Lana was discovered to be a sleeper agent for The Manhunters . First Lady Lana marries Pete Ross , and together the pair have a child who they name after Clark Kent. Ross runs alongside Lex Luthor in the latter's bid for the presidency. The pair succeeds, and when Luthor eventually falls from grace, Ross becomes President. Lana thus becomes First Lady. However, her relationship with Ross falls apart, and she begins to romantically pursue Clark Kent again, who resists her advances. She and Ross briefly reconcile. CEO of LexCorp CEO Lana Lang Lana becomes the CEO of LexCorp . While in charge of the company, she presides over the sale of Kryptonite to the government in order to keep LexCorp in the black, as well as overseeing the implantation of a series of Kryptonite caches around the globe designed to defend against Superman going rogue. When confronted by Superman she detonates these Kryptonite caches, creating Kryptonite dirty bombs that fill the air with Kryptonite particles, forcing all Kryptonians to evacuate the planet. She later repents and attempts to aid Superman in a fight against Atlas , and is fired from LexCorp for her efforts, under a section of her contract that explicitly forbids aiding any Kryptonians using LexCorp resources. Insect Queen Lana grows close to Supergirl , and takes a job at the Daily Planet as the editor for the business section of the paper. Supergirl adopts the identity of Linda Lang, Lana's niece, and the pair move into an apartment together in Metropolis. Lana begins experiencing unexplained health problems, collapsing twice. She goes to a hospital, but apparently dies while in the midst of an operation. However, she is actually becoming the host of the Insect Queen, who takes over the hospital and kidnaps Supergirl in the hopes of using the young woman to create a hybrid army. Supergirl escapes and frees Lana of her possession. The pair briefly have a falling out over Lana's concealing of her condition, but eventually reconcile. Powers and Abilities In the current continuity, Lana was given powers from the energies given off by Superman as he died. She has the basic power of flight and super-strength, but also a more complex superpower. She can now turn radiation into other forms of energy. Originally, it was thought that she could only absorb solar radiation. However, it was revealed that she could absorb other types of radiation and convert it just as proficiently. Her default use of this ability is to convert the stored radiation into electricity that she uses for different purposes. Her mastery of electrical energies has reached the point where she can channel enough energy to power most of Metropolis. In the past continuities, Lana Lang had no exceptional personal powers. She is intelligent and in good health and fitness for a woman her age. She occasionally gained super-human powers, usually during the Silver Age. All these transformations have been impermanent, and she has spent the majority of her life as a normal human. Insect Queen Silver Age Lana Lang as the Insect Queen. Note her "pump" shoes in this version of her outfit. Later versions of her outfit replaced those with knee-high white boots. During the Silver Age, Lana became the Insect Queen after saving the life of an alien traveler who had been pinned under a tree. In gratitude, the alien gave her a device called a bio-genetic ring . The ring granted her the power to transform herself into an insect's or an arachnid's form, or grant her the features and/or attributes of one. However, she was unable to use any such form, or summon any such attributes, any more often than once every twenty-four hours. Bronze Age Lana Lang as the Insect Queen of Earth 2 in the Bronze Age. During the Bronze Age Lana once again became the Insect Queen, but she had different powers from those of her Silver Age version. Lana received a magical scarab from her father that possessed her and turned her into a villainess temporarily. The scarab granted her the ability to control insects and make them grow to massive sizes. Alternate Versions The Dark Knight Returns In the Dark Knight universe, Lana Lang is middle-aged, the managing editor of the Daily Planet, and an outspoken advocate for Batman . JLA: The Nail Lana is a doctor who performs research on metahumans . She occasionally sneaks imprisoned metahumans out of the facility and hides them with the aid of the Kents. Superman: Red Son Lana Lazarenko grew up on a farm in the Ukraine alongside the man who would become Superman. They remain friendly in adulthood. Other Media Animation The New Adventures of Superman Lana appears in a number of The Adventures of Superboy segments. She is voiced by Janet Waldo. Superman Lana appears in a number of the four-minute vignettes, called the "Superman Family Album," that end every episode. The DCAU (DC Comics Animated Universe) Lana first appeared as a teenager to whom Clark Kent confides his superpowers in the Superman: the Animated Series episode " The Last Son of Krypton Part 1 ." She later appears as an adult in the episode " My Girl ," where she is a fashion designer. She discovers Clark's secret identity, and uses the romantic relationship which she has developed with Lex Luthor to aid Superman in uncovering Luthor's schemes. She also features in the episodes " Obsession " and " The Late Mr Kent ." She is voiced as a youth by Kelley Schmidt, and as an adult by Joely Fisher. Lana made a cameo appearance in the Justice League episode " Hereafter ," wherein she attended Superman's funeral. She also appears in combination with Lois Lane as a character called "Loana," Superman's dreamworld wife in the Justice League Unlimited episode " For the Man Who Has Everything ." This combination character is voiced by Dana Delany, who usually voices Lois in the DCAU . Batman: The Brave and the Bold Lana makes a cameo appearance in the episode " Battle of the Superheroes! " She does not speak in her appearance. Film Superman: the Movie Lana Lang makes a brief appearance as a teenage cheerleader at Smallville High; she is there shown to be attracted to Clark. Diane Sherry acted out the role. Superman III Lana Lang had married, but now she is divorced and caring for a young child. But she still has feelings for Clark, who is shown to reciprocate these feelings. Annette O'Toole, who later acted out the role of Martha Kent in Smallville, acted out the role. Live-Action Television Lana appeared in the pilot for this failed show. She is played by Bunny Henning. Superboy Lana appears as a childhood friend of Clark's who went to university with him, and later finds employment at the Bureau for Extra-Normal Affairs alongside him. Stacey Haiduk acted out the character. Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman Lana appears in the episode "Tempus, Anyone," which is set in an alternate universe. In this universe, Lana and Clark are engaged, and Lana is forcing Clark to hide his powers, lest he be discovered and experimented on by the government. She leaves the relationship after the main universe's Lois helps Clark to accept and reveal his powers. She is played by Emily Procter. Smallville Actress Kristen Kreuk as Lana Lang in Smallville Lana is a major character in Smallville. She is Clark Kent's love interest through much of the series, though their relationship is very complicated. She is descended from a French witch who possesses her in the fourth season, and is frequently the target of so-called "meteor freaks," people who have been mutated by their exposures to kryptonite. She spends about half of the series ignorant of Clark's secret. In Season 8,, Lana Lang does re-appear, and receives the Prometheus nano-derm armor, which Lex intended to receive for himself. She then manifests super-strength, durability and speed, as well as the ability to absorb various forms of energy. She and Clark enjoy the freedom of expressing affection for one another (without the worry of Lana getting harmed), and he even takes her on some of his patrols. On their last “op” together, Lana absorbs the kryptonite energy fueling an explosive device that Lex has built. Lana saves the city, but now, she can’t be within 10 feet of Clark. They share a heart-felt goodbye, and she departs at hypersonic speed. Lana does not make additional appearances on the show, but she is referenced by the code-name of Valkyrie, going up against rogue warlords in Africa. She is played by actress Kristen Kreuk. Video Games

Lana Lang

"What famous book begins: ""Chug, chug, chug. Puff, puff, puff""?"

Clark Kent | Smallville Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Season Eleven Superman's updated suit. Six months later , Clark lives with Lois in their Metropolis apartment. He is no longer known as The Blur to the public, instead he is known by the name of Superman which was dubbed to him by Lois after he had saved humanity from Darkseid's Apokolips. At some point, after his public debut, Clark updated his Superman costume. Clark and Lois in their apartment. At home with Lois , Clark showers and brushes his teeth, talking with her about the energy ribbon - or "aurora" - that attacked the space station. As he then makes breakfast, he asks if they should return the wedding presents they received. Lois states that the wedding was postponed not cancelled, so they shouldn't have to. As they lament their independently busy lives - he with saving the Earth, she with becoming a pre-eminent reporter - Lois mentions that the Russians have already announced they will be commissioning a statue of Superman to commemorate his saving of the space station. Clark expresses his discomfort at the hero worship, but Lois assures him that it is inspiring people, just as he wanted to do with the suit. Clark states that he'd like to finally tell the Earth that Superman is an alien. Lois counters that with all of the concern brought on by the pictures of the aliens on Apokolips, it might not be the best time, especially with Lex Luthor making such noise about it in public. Lois discourages Clark from revealing to the Earth that he's an alien. Lex and Clark. Recently, he saved a Russian space station from a mysterious explosion. Later, in his mild-mannered disguise, Clark met Lex Luthor on the street. Lex introduced himself to Clark, because he doesn't remember Clark. Luthor only knows from the video clips that they were friends when they were young. He hardly recognized Kent. Clark is surprised that Lex knew that they were friends years ago. Lex doesn't understand how they could ever have been friends. Clark responded with: "As you said, we were younger." Clark saves Oliver. Meanwhile Green Arrow patrols the city and arrives to the Port of Metropolis, in order to apprehend a crew of thieves who attempts to raid a shipping container.He's surprised by one of the goons who has climbed on top of a stack of containers and trains an RPG launcher on the Emerald Archer. Before Ollie can react, the goon fires. Just before the RPG strikes him, Superman zips into the area and stands in front of it, shielding Ollie from the hit and the explosion. Clark and Oliver after stopping the criminals. Superman knocks the crew out and ties the bunch together around a pole. A short time after, Ollie and Clark, now in street clothes, watch as Metropolis PD comes by to apprehend the thieves. Ollie's a bit surprised Clark didn't stay in costume to greet the police, joking that Superman is "all about b standing around, shaking hands, kissing babies..." As they walk off, Clark retorts that Superman has never kissed a baby. When Ollie asks if Clark Kent has, Clark mentions an exploding baby from his past. When Ollie exults about not having to experience such things when the Queens move to Star City , Clark expresses surprise that they haven't left yet. They were supposed to have left but Ollie says the hold-up is on his wife. Clark searching through space. In space, Superman talks to Watchtower over their communication network, as he accesses the holo-computer in his belt. He is scanning for hints at the cause of the storm and finds none, noting he used his whole spectrum of Super-Vision. In S.T.A.R. Labs, Chloe and Emil discuss the development of Clark's powers. Emil states Virgil Swann founded the facility as a way to help The Traveler develop his abilities. Clark ask if they could have sent one of their Environmental Hazard Drones instead, and Emil apologizes for having to send Clark instead. Clark checks his belt buckle communicator and finds a message from Lois , telling him he is late for the conference, much to Clark's dismay. Clark then uses his superspeed and arrives to the conference and saw Lois asking Lex where he disappeared to after he was declared dead and before Tess's death which leads Lex to defend himself. Clark shows up and whispers to Lois that they both know Lex killed Tess, but can't do anything without proof. Lex then begins criticizing Superman and the Justice League , claiming they have failed to protect humanity and now the Earth is in more danger than ever. He announces the Guardian orbital defense platforms as a means of protection and the public is impressed, save for Lois and Clark. She ask who will pilot the Shuttle to bring the satellites into orbit on such short notice, and Lex introduces the pilot, Commander Hank Henshaw . Clark interviews Hank Henshaw. Clark interviews Hank Henshaw one last time before the LuthorCorp shuttle takes flight, as Hank eats a large meal, claiming it's apart of a superstition pilots like him share. Hank then makes a passionate quote about piloting, and how it helps him appreciate what he has on Earth, and says that Lex has given him a greater purpose, allowing him to pilot The Guardian Platforms into space. Clark claims that the world isn't as dark as Lex claims, and Hank mockingly ask if Clark is a Superman fan. Hank then claims that Superman is doing a good job, but should do more. Clark says that it's best Superman not impose his ideas on all. Hank says it's a good idea, but sometimes people need to be forced. Clark thanks him for the interview as Hank goes off to get ready. Clark flying toward the Shuttle. During takeoff, Lois tells Clark she has a bad feeling about the Guardian platforms, but Clark claims it might be a good thing, as Superman can't be everywhere at once, but Lois isn't convinced. Clark claims that Hank is trustworthy, but Lois claims Lex is still dangerous. Aboard the Shuttle, Hank begins leaving Orbit, when the ship begins experiencing problems. In mid-air, it explodes. Clark runs off and changes into his Superman suit, with Chloe guiding him from Watchtower. Superman catches up to the shuttle and sets out the fire caused by the explosion, and removes the last fuel tank before it explodes. Using his gamma vision, he's able to see that there is a radiation leak. Clark and Hank reach an agreement. Superman has Chloe contact Commander Henshaw through LexCorp mission control, where he informs them that he can save them, but needs to pry open the shuttle as it will depressurize, but Henshaw insist that Superman save his crew members first, in order to pilot the shuttle into orbit as the shuttle is leaking radiation. But before Superman leaves to save the crew, Henshaw reveals a secret. Superman saves the crew and returns to the shuttle as the oxygen levels reach zero and Henshaw passes out. Commander Henshaw awakens. Henshaw wakes up on a stretcher, with burns from the radiation exposure. As the paramedics begin to transport him, Superman instructs them to send him to Emil at S.T.A.R. Labs. Lois comes up to Superman, hoping for a quote, but he instead tells her that Clark will not be home for breakfast, because the explosion was not a misfire. At LexCorp Plaza , Lex arrives in his penthouse office, as Superman angrily breaks his glass window by clapping. Superman accuses Lex of activating the Guardian Platform mid-flight, but Lex dismisses the claim, saying the accident could have been avoided had the military not forced the private sectors hand. Superman accuses him again, nearly attacking him, until three military helicopters show up, demanding that Superman step away from Lex. Lex claims that Superman's appearance at the Korolyov and Guardian incidents, as well as his apparent attack of LexCorp Plaza, Superman had given Sam Lane a reason to intervene. The military tell him he is under arrest, but Superman refuses as the military ready their guns. Superman is fired upon by the military. Superman is fired upon by the military helicopter under the orders of General Lane. During the confrontation Clark receives a call from Lois, whom he asked if her father knows his secret identity, saying that he had implied it before . Lois reassures him that if General Lane knew that he was firing upon his own son-in-law he'd probably wouldn't have fired at him. As they surround Superman they begin firing, Lois seeks cover under her convertible. Superman saves Lois much to the surprise of General Lane. The bullets deflect off of Superman and hit the tail rotor of one of the helicopters,which begins to fall to the street below. Superman flies down and saves Lois before the helicopter crashes onto of her car, and explodes. High above in the clouds Lois is wrapped in a romantic embrace with Clark followed by a passionate kiss. General Lane talks to Superman. Superman then returns to downtown Metropolis where he proceeds to clean up the mess made by the military during their field test of his abilities before the arrival of the fire department where he leaves a calling card apologizing. Superman then meets with General Lane at Liberty park where they have a discussion about his recent heroics but also the fear members of Washington DC have against him as he has no real accountability to the government only to his moral code. Superman suggest to General Lane that he'd be up to going to Washington DC to meet with the President, just when he's suddenly summoned by Emil's signal watch to S.T.A.R. Labs. Emil informs Clark via his Bluetooth earpiece that Lex had transferred Hank Henshaw's mind into one of his EH drones however the process made his mind unstable. Hank rages on Superman. Superman tries to stop Hank. Superman offers his help to Hank. Superman arrives at S.T.A.R. Labs. confronting cybernetic Henshaw who engages him in an intense battle of sheer super strength as Henshaw's cyborg body is able to adapt and counter any of Superman's abilities as he demonstrated by throwing Superman through ten buildings. Superman tries to reason with Henshaw after punches some sense into him. Henshaw apologizes to Superman. Superman manages to disconnect Henshaw long enough to calm him down and returns him to S.T.A.R. Labs to an isolation unit where he is connected to a computer interface. Superman meets with Terri Henshaw informing her that he's made special arrangements for her to see her husband whenever she wanted too. Before he leaves Superman sees Henshaw who apologizes to him and asked Superman how he manages to do the right thing. Superman confronts Luthor to discover a horrible truth. The next Morning in Metropolis, Superman pays a visit to Lex Luthor at LexCorp where he attempts to apologizes for misjudging him before on their last encounter . Only to discover that the Guardian shuttle incident was a no accident it was a means for Lex to coat Superman with an isotope radiation that he could track Superman's whereabouts anywhere on Earth with his satellites. Superman realizes what this means and angrily threaten Lex this isn't over as he leaves. Clark makes a solemn promise to Lois. Floating above the Daily Planet rooftop, Clark awaits for Lois who arrives hoping to find "Clark Kent" only to see Superman instead. Superman tells her that "Clark Kent" will be taking an extended leave of absence. He wouldn't risk leading Lex Luthor into their lives because he could track his whereabouts with the radiation. Lois is angry with this startling revelations and wants to hurt Lex. But Clark forbids it. Lois then suggest that Clark uses his Heat vision to destroy Lex's satellites but Clark says that isn't the answer either. Clark tries to comfort Lois but she is still uneasy about the whole situation, Clark reassures her that he'll find away to come back home to her. He kisses her tenderly then flies away. Clark hears Lois' voice. Later that night as the rest of Metropolis sleeps peacefully, Clark is floating above in space overlooking Earth and hears Lois's voice who reaffirms her love for him. Clark and Lois at the Fortress. 3 weeks later , Clark and Lois are finally able to spend some time together, but they are still dealing with Lex tracking Clark. They are at the Fortress , and Oliver made sure one of his satellites blocked Lex's for one second so Clark and Lois could teleport to the Fortress without Lex knowing. Clark also revealed to Lois that after he completed his trials and made peace with Jor-El, his computer program ended. The fortress as well as the knowledge of the galaxies are now Clark's to use as he sees fit. So far Clark has used it to shield his radiographic signature from Lex's keyhole satellite and to find a way to remove the isotope from his system. The Following Morning, Clark returns Lois to Metropolis and takes her directly to Daily Planet basement. He then files towards a hostage situation across town in which an unknown gunman has a group of children held hostage above within a bus. While the police attempt to handle the situation with diplomacy. Superman uses his Heat vision to disarm the gun from the assailant and quickly grabs him and pulls him out from the roof of the bus with his Super strength and holds unto him with a firm grip. Superman then turns his attention to the children and address a boy who previous attempted to be a hero by standing up to the gunman who pointed a gun at his face. Superman tells the boy not to be reckless especially around gun as they are not toys. Superman returns his attention to the assailant only to discover that he's got the ability of Teleportation and uses that ability to free himself and to fire at the police unit below using his Super speed Superman intercepted every bullet in his hand and converted it into a ball then handing it to Dan Turpin before pursuing the teleporter who stood on a nearby roof, Superman arrives and confronts him only to discover that he was using the hostage crisis to distract Superman from a robbery that was in progress and that he had placed a bomb on the crane holding the bus with children as an insurance to prevent Superman from touching him with a remote detonator. Superman uses his Arctic breath to freeze the teleporter in place then uses his heat vision to thaw his head while he interrogates him on who sold him the tech suit equipped with teleportation, The teleporter refusing to corporate, Superman uses his X-ray vision to see that the tech is from LexCorp . After he take care of the bomb, Superman round up the teleportation thieves who apologize to the children for kidnapping them, hitching their school bus up on a crane, and then trying to blow them up with a bomb. As Superman politely soars off with one of the teleportation vests, Dan Turpin meets Bruce Wayne and Barbara Gordon visiting Metropolis who got to see Superman in action first hand.Barbara is more impressed than Bruce is, or more impressed than Bruce is letting on. Bruce however reveals that it looks like Superman is taken. Bruce Wayne analyzes Clark's love life. Later, at the Ace of Clubs , Lex and Bruce have their lunch meeting on the patio while Barbara Gordon is having lunch with Otis. Lex and Bruce's lunch however is prematurely ended by Superman. Superman needs to talk to Lex. Later, at Lexcorp R&D, Superman and Lex are all forced friendly-like as Lex analyzes the teleportation vest and admits the technology is his, but it was stolen. Stolen, in fact, during a series of robberies made on Lexcorp and other companies, one of which was foiled way back by the Green Arrow and Superman. Lex surmises that whomever created these teleportation vests using all that stolen technology would have to be very familiar with Lexcorp's patents and proprietary coding. Which leads Superman to Stryker's Island prison and The Toyman . Safely incarcerated and seemingly not a suspect, according to Warden Draper, since he's been under constant supervision in "hyper-solitary". Superman is stymied. Meanwhile, imprisoned elsewhere at Stryker's is Bruno Mannheim , the head of Intergang , who's acting like a raving lunatic while palming the Crime Bible, which he says was given to him by G. Gordon Godfrey . Next thing we know, Mannheim has escaped his cell! Well, not so much escaped as being interrogated by The Batman . The Batman has Mannheim and he only wants to know where Joe Chill is. Mannheim claims he's gone straight, that the Crime Bible changed his life, and a lot of nonsense, but the Batman's having none of that. Next thing we know, Superman arrives on the scene. Batman vs. Superman. Superman meets Batman and he wants to have a word with him. Instead, he gets Batman manifesting some sort of energy and then punched Superman. Batman and Superman do battle on Stryker's island. Batman with the advantage using red sun radiation generated from his suit. Superman discovers Bruce Wayne is Batman and manages to beat Batman and interrogates him on why he tried to free Bruno Mannheim, he said that he needed to find the man who murdered his parents. Superman is shocked and puts Batman down. Batman has a heart to heart with Superman. Meanwhile, Green Arrow and Nightwing haven't gotten the memo from their respective bosses that they've reached a détente and it's time to stop fighting. Evenly matched, Arrow and Nightwing have spilled arrows and Batarangs all over the place trying to smack each other down. Superman arrives to break up the fracas when Bruno Mannheim pleads for sanctuary from the Man of Steel. Superman then snatches Mannheim and takes him up, up, and away for questioning. Superman interrogates Bruno Mannheim. In the sky, Superman says he's sorry to be using extreme measures on Mannheim. Mannheim doesn't know anything, but Superman points out he's lying, and knows his better half will have a talk to him over this. Just then, in front of the Batwing, Mannheim falls from above before Superman catches him below. Mannheim spills the beans: Intergang wanted to protect themselves from the invasion , Mannheim decided against it but offered Joe Chill to help them. But now, Chill is off the grid, rumored to be in FBI custody. Superman grabs the tracking device and asks Batman if he catches that. The Batwing storms off, Superman takes that as a yes. Meanwhile at the Daily Planet, Superman helps Lois find him in the sky by sparking his heat vision. After the talk over what he did to Mannheim, Lois confirms Chill is in FBI custody. As for Toyman being a suspect, the answer is no, but Lois learns that an Oswald Loomis did try to visit Toyman dozens of times before turning away. Superman wants to talk with Batman again, and has a way into contacting him.At a supply ship called Leviathan docked in Metropolis is an HQ for Batman and Nightwing, where inside they are getting medical treatment. The cameras pick up something and Bruce decides to head out alone, while Barb is in the Hub, when he looks outside to see what it is: the Bat-Signal. Batman and Superman agree to team up. Batman arrives on the rooftop source of the signal to find Superman waiting for him. Superman knows enough about the Batman that this is the specific way to call a meeting with him. Superman also knows Batman and Nightwing located Joe Chill's safe house in Suicide Slum.Superman doesn't want Batman tearing through Suicide Slum hell bent on revenge for Joe Chill so he proposes "a joint investigation mutually beneficial to both of us." They make sure Joe Chill is safe from Intergang and then find out who's manufacturing the weapons he's peddling and Batman agrees. At Suicide Slum, Superman and Batman are on a stakeout. Batman is irritated by Superman's penchant for conversation but Superman seems to really be enjoying having a partner in crime fighting. Superman revealed that, he didn't want to draw attention to it and compromise Batman's security because he knows Lex Luthor is watching all his movements. Superman and Batman then scans the building and Batman's night vision goggles spot some extra snipers Superman missed when he bathed the building with X-rays. Batman then easily and stealthily penetrates the safe house and finds Joe Chill's room, though Superman beats him there with Super speed.At the safe house, Chill, a lifelong criminal, isn't exactly repentant about killing Batman's parents, whoever they were. Batman can't be specific and Chill has killed a lot of people for lots of reasons. This isn't good enough for Batman, who loses it, until Superman literally slaps him down. Superman calmly explains to Joe Chill that they're really here to find out where they can find a man named Loomis , who they believe is manufacturing the weapons Chill fenced for Intergang. But hey, they don't have to look very far because Loomis is already there! Batman and Superman spring into action with Heat Vision and Batarangs, but a burst of cold takes out both. Loomis isn't alone. He has help from Mr. Freeze .Superman and Batman are fighting Prankster and Mr. Freeze. Batman reveals that Mr. Freeze is Victor Fries. Prankster reveals that he wants to prove himself to Intergang. While Superman tries to distract the villains, Batman and Joe Chill try to escape. Superman gets shot by Kryptonite bullets while Mr. Freeze kills Joe Chill and frames Batman for the crime. Batman realizes that Superman is wounded. Batman frees himself, and sees that Chill is dead, and Superman is critically wounded. Batman contacts Nightwing to inform her about Superman's condition. The FBI comes in to arrest Batman. Batman escapes with Superman within the Batmobile. Then Daily Planet reporter Lois joins the police and the FBI in the pursuit chase.Upon dropping off his last passenger, a bus driver doses off in the middle of the street, only to be waken up by the Batmobile going through his bus. News stations cover the pursuit of the "murderer Batman kidnapping a wounded Superman" just as Lois and Ollie meet up (wondering where Batman is taking Superman) and Chloe is hacking into the traffic system so no one is hurt during the chase. Inside the Batmobile: Nightwing comments on the stress she's feeling over Superman being hurt and Batman being chased, just as Superman tells Batman to call him Clark and Batman, relieved that Clark is still alive, asks him who to call to save him. Nightwing calls Chloe, who in turn calls a choked up Lois: Nightwing gives her the situation: Superman has four Kryptonite bullets, none to the heart, but his vitals are fading. Nightwing, later, gives Batman Lois' message: get the Kryptonite out, and then expose Superman to yellow sunlight . But as Batman says, he's already has his hands full.A road block is set up, with cops surrounded, so Batman can't "go through it" like before, so he comes up with a different idea. Shifting the front tires to a "X" position, and firing the boosters from below, the Batmobile literally goes around the road block from above. The cops, and even Lois and Ollie, can't believe what they saw. A helicopter approaches, with an EMP on board, and Batman knows this and but can't do anything about it, until Ollie messages him that he can. Ollie simply "pops up" to the helicopter, and it goes away. Nightwing takes control of the Batmobile, leading it outside the Leviathan ship. Batman performs the surgery inside the car, just as Lois arrives and she sees it happening. After getting the bullets out, Batman reprograms his vest and splash Clark with yellow sunlight, just as the police report that they lost the Batman. Chloe is relieved that it's over, but Batman and Nightwing respond that it isn't: they need to make sure that the authorities know it was Freeze and Prankster who killed Chill. Ollie agrees, but also asks for his lawyer to be called too (he's been arrested). Superman and Batman with armored suits. Inside Leviathan: Clark wakes up with Lois by his side, where Lois reveals the Earth still thinks Batman killed Superman, and she can't help but be tempted by the huge story she's been given: Batman isn't a myth, and is Bruce Wayne. Barbara Gordon, introducing herself to the two, gives Clark some orange juice before he heads out to speak with Bruce, who is hard at work at the armory. Bruce asks why Clark hasn't destroyed Lex' satellite, but Clark points out Lex would build more, and that he prefers hope and inspiration over fear and brute force (in a way, criticizing Bruce's Batman). Bruce tells Clark that he's been having a hard time finding Prankster and Freeze, because Freeze needs to be in extreme colds to survive: Clark points out the Hobbs River as an idea, but the list is too big. Then Clark has an idea: use Lex' tracking from himself to read other types of radiation, like Kryptonite. Bruce tries that, and then successfully, finds the villains' location. Given Clark's weaknesses, and Bruce still being human who can't survive colds 40 below: Bruce reveals what he has built: armored suits for Superman and Batman to fight in. In order to still keep a low profile, the two heroes head out into the sewers with another one of Batman's vehicles: the Batboat. Batman and Superman in Victor Fries's hideout. At Freeze's hideout: Superman and Batman find no one there, at least until Prankster appears using a robotic suit Toyman was developing, complete with Kryptonite on the chest. He reveals that Freeze is under his control, and is attacking the citizens, but in actuality, his suit's fuel cells are overloading, and will explode. And with Freeze above the city's water purification plant, anyone within one mile will die. Batman heads out in the Batboat to take care of Freeze, while Superman goes to handle Prankster. In Metropolis, the next morning, Lois Lane talks to Superman about the news headline of today. Superman and Batman have been hailed as heroes by the Daily Planet, labeled World's Finest in the paper. In Gotham, Superman speaks with Bruce Wayne about his (Bruce's) parents. Bruce puts the flowers down and reveals that he and Superman are at the spot where his parents died. Bruce and Superman agree to work together if necessary. Superman and Martian Manhunter watching the H.E.D. Drones construct the Watchtower moon base. Later on the moon at the construction site for Queen Industries ' new Moon Base , Clark and Martian Manhunter oversee the construction which the S.T.A.R. Labs H.E.D drones help in the process. Clark shares some Double Stuff Oreo cookies with his friend and mentor when he receives an alert about an attack on Metropolis involving a former Project Ares subject. As Superman speeds off to deal with the threat, J'onn decides to return to his apartment in Metropolis. Impulse and Superman taking down Psimon. Out in the streets of Metropolis , a Dr. Jones who wants to be called Psimon is looking for Lex, whose Project Ares has apparently given the diminutive doctor his purple skin, an oversized and glowing-through-his-skull brain and some kind of indeterminate psycho-molecular power. Psimon is not convinced a peaceful resolution to this situation is possible and shoots a purple blast at Lex, whom Superman saves and proceeds to returns to finish with Psimon, who proves to be able to act more quickly than Superman thanks to his enhanced synaptic firing. As he tries to capture Psimon, the criminal's telepathic abilities allow him to "feel" Superman's moves before he makes them and counteract them. Moving faster than thought, Bart arrives to help his old friend. The speedster, sporting a new costume, proves too quick for Psimon and is able to punch him into submission.To celebrate, Impulse speeds ice cream cones into the hands of all the nearby citizens, including Superman. Out in the ocean, Clark and Bart race each other above the water. Bart comments on Clark running slower than he used to, which Clark attributes to now having the ability to fly as well. Clark makes a wager that he can fly faster than Bart can run with the loser paying for lunch. As the two rocket over the coast of Cameroon, a young woman watches from a distance. Clark arrives in Mumbai, India, assuming that he has beaten Bart. As children swarm him for an autograph, he finds that Bart was not only there first but is playing a game of soccer with some of the locals. Later, as they share food, Clark describes how he can't return to his life as Clark Kent and must remain Superman for the time being due to Lex's irradiation ploy . Research from S.T.A.R. Labs has revealed that his healing ability from the rays of the sun is slowly curing the radiation. Bart suggests he fly into the sun to speed up the process and burn the rest of it away, but Clark tells him that Emil isn't sure they could stop the process from eventually turn him into raw energy if he tried it. Watchtower sends Impulse and Superman to deal with Monsieur Mallah and The Brain. Though he's happy to spend some time with Bart, Clark points out that it's not really the speedster's style and asks if something is wrong. Bart deflects by saying he had to get a glimpse of Clark in a costume . A moment of appreciation between the two is broken up by a call from Chloe at Watchtower . She tells them that a situation with art thieves in Paris has arisen and, as they don't have any agents in Europe as of yet, they are the two closest to respond. They make another wager over who can get there first. Bart gives Clark a head start and his friend bolts into the sky. As he prepares to run, Bart hears an ominous voice call his name. He looks around but sees nothing but the locals. Tapping into the Speed Force , he runs after the Man of Steel.At the Musée du Louvre in Paris, Superman and Impulse arrive to help the French police with a chaotic scene, baffled at the threat art thieves are presenting. Suddenly, a huge explosion racks the front of the museum. Out of the rubble runs Monsieur Mallah , a giant gorilla carrying the Mona Lisa. In a container slung around Mallah's back is the brain of the scientist who increased Mallah's intelligence to genius levels. The two lead a gang of monkeys and apes stealing art. As Impulse attends to the smaller primates, Superman turns his attention to Mallah and the Brain . The Brain can speak through the container and Superman asks if he is Mallah's. Brain explains that they are lovers and helped each other escape from the experimentation that led to their current states. They plan to sell the stolen art to fund and form their own nation. Mallah pulls a gun and fires at the crowd. Impulse runs to catch some of the bullets but sees there are too many. He taps into the Speed Force to move faster and is able to stop all of the projectiles. Using the Force, though, brings on the mysterious voice again. In Speed Time, Bart sees a horrifying dark creature run out of the Force that he's seen before, telling him that "It is time." The creature bolts toward Bart, reaching out to grab him. Meanwhile, Superman uppercuts Mallah off of his feet, knocking him out. He turns to find the other monkeys and apes massing toward him. Winding his arms up and bringing his hands together in a superclap, Clark uses the force and the sound of the clap to upend all of the primates and knock them unconscious. Clark finds a tired and scared Bart on his knees, muttering that "it" almost got him. Looking around the scene, Clark asks what Bart is talking about. Realizing the creature is nowhere to be found—and wanting to keep the secret to himself—Bart tells his friend it was nothing. Clark and Bart discuss the creature that haunts Bart. Flying over the Atlantic, Clark carries Bart, who told him about the creature, refusing to let him use superspeed to avoid being captured by it in the Speed Force. Bart then mentions the "Speed Demon" or "Black Racer" has always waited for him at every turn when he used his superspeed, after which he explains in detail what really happened years ago during the time he was captured by Lex. With the creature always present ever since, Clark asks why Bart wanted a race to India in the first place. Bart admits that, since Clark is the only one who can come close to keeping pace with him, he hoped that by the two going so fast and Clark not seeing the demon, he could prove it was all in his head. Clark assures his friend that he's not crazy. He states that they need to find a way for Clark to face the creature and make it stop tormenting Bart once and for all. Clark trying to find out what's after Bart. At S.T.A.R. Labs , Emil Hamilton meets with his staff to discuss two problems before them: one, assisting Superman in finding a way to help Impulse with the dark creature; and two, aiding Watchtower in retrieving the technology that LexCorp used to transfer Hank Henshaw 's consciousness from his charred and crippled body into one of the H.E.D. drones. Emil states he will address the technology issue and assigns the others to Impulse's case.The scientists at S.T.A.R. Labs set Bart and Clark up for a speed assessment. As Bart chats up a lovely blonde scientist , Emil asks Clark how he's able to be so jovial. Clark answers that Bart probably welcomes any distraction from being chased by the creature as long as he has. With everything set, Bart wonders how Clark will manage to match his speed, considering he runs a lot faster than Clark. Emil explains that the treadmills they are using for the assessment had been specially designed with a frictionless engine assembly when they began testing Clark's abilities. This will allow Bart to run as fast as he can while Clark's treadmill will accelerate him towards Bart's speed. They all hope that if they can get Clark fast enough, he can witness the creature as well. Clark faces the Black Flash for the first time. As they run, Clark encourages Bart to go full speed, insisting that he has his friend's back. With approval, Bart taps into the Speed Force and runs so fast that he causes the treadmill and the monitoring equipment to explode. As Clark falls to the floor, while in the Speed Force, the horrible creature towers over him, chastising his speed as "not pure." Outside of the force, Bart asks Clark if he was able to see the demon. Now knowing what he is dealing with, Clark assures his friend that he will find a way to save him. Clark and Lois discussing Bart's problem. Clark and Lois meet on the roof of the Daily Planet Building for a bite to eat and further lament that he can't return to his "normal" life as a mild-mannered reporter. She mentions that he has burned through all of his sick days and vacation time and that their boss, Franklin Stern , is getting suspicious about his absence. Joking about having to tell him Clark's become a fireman or something else, Clark admits that he's devoted his life to bigger things now. Regarding one of those things, Lois shows Clark pictures of the LexCorp employee, Fritz, who was thrown into a wall and superspeed aged to death at the ruins of LuthorCorp 's abandoned Ridge Facility . She shows him pictures of other incidents of it occurring over the past five years. She says that these "speed storms" have popped up in Keystone City , Mexico, Miami, and islands in the Pacific Ocean, and have been increasing in frequency. Clark immediately recognizes each as places Bart has been and that the storms are chasing him like the dark creature. Clark worries that he won't be able to find a way to help Bart when Lois points out that he should consult someone else who has run as fast as Bart before. Clark and Bart at the Brownstone Museum. They are interrupted by Jeff and Clark superspeeds into the sky. Later, Clark and Bart visit the JSA Brownstone , being tended to by a Mrs. Hunkel . She lets them past the security measures and Clark takes Bart into the museum honoring the members of the Justice Society of America . Bart recalls that this was Carter Hall 's group but wonders how any of the artifacts will help them with his problem with the "speed demon." Clark explains they are there to begin a search for the first hero to break the sound barrier on foot, Jay Garrick . On the soccer field in Mumbai where Bart played with the kids earlier, one of the speed storms breaks out. Another hits at Louvre in France. Chloe and Oliver monitor the outbreaks at Watchtower and note the increasing frequency. Oliver relays this to Clark while Clark asks how Chloe is doing following her procedure. Oliver assures him that he's looking after her. Clark and Bart walk the white plains of Utah until they come upon an isolated house. An old voice asks if he can help them and Bart reveals they are looking for Jay Garrick. The man at the end of the voice steps from the house and identifies himself as Garrick. At Garrick's house, the old man chastises Bart for  stealing his identity . He asks him he did it and Bart admits that he doesn't know. He also reveals that he doesn't remember anything of his life previous to waking up with his abilities, just that there was a flash of light and the names of Garrick,  Wally West , and  Barry Allen  just appeared in his head. Clark explains to Garrick the plan  Carter Hall  had of resurrecting the  Justice Society of America  with the help of the new, younger heroes. He asks for the elder's help. Bart explains his origin to Clark and Jay Garrick. Garrick suggests Bart talk to his old teammate,  Pieter Cross , instead. Impatient, Bart asks what the old man knows about the " Black Racer ." The elder speedster tells them his leg was broken when the federal government tried rounding up the JSA and he never wanted it repaired. When Clark attempts to ask why he would never want to run fast again, Bart correctly guesses that he's seen the demon. Garrick admits to it and explains that what is occurring to Bart happened to him. Clark mentions the speed storms and Garrick says it's the racer calling Bart out. Bart asks how the old man survived it and Garrick reiterates that he just stopped running. Bart adamantly refuses that option and the elder tells him the only other option is to die. Jay not being pleased to see who stole his identity. As the speed storm crackles in Utah, Clark tries to reason with Jay Garrick that there must be another option to help Bart. Garrick asserts that there is no choice in the matter and that by using the  Speed Force , the demon is there to collect the debt. Clark asks why there were no records of speed storms while Garrick was with the JSA. The old man surmises that Bart is so fast that it has made the creature hungry and desperate. Picking up on the thought, Clark reasons that it is sending out the speed storms to try to create a new speedster to take on as its prey. Bart realizes that the biology of the speedsters is special and that's why so many have died in the attempts. Bart asks Garrick how many speedsters there are. The old man gives a mealy answer about not being the first and Bart not being the last. Bart confronts him about not having raced the demon himself to stop to have possibly stopped it, and Garrick denounces their abilities as a curse. Clark offers that curses can be blessings if they don't let their powers control their lives. Garrick likens Clark to Carter Hall and Bart jumps on the moment to call him out for not having stayed in touch with his team. The old man owns up to being proud of how he acted, but it's not good enough for Bart. Riled up, he starts tapping into the Speed Force before Clark manages to stop him. Emil finds a solution for Superman. Clark fields communication from Chloe at Watchtower. He asks how she is and she tells him she's coping. She alerts him to a speed storm brewing in Las Vegas, a huge one that isn't slowing down and many dying. Clark relays the message to Bart, who tries running off on his own. Clark grabs him and Bart argues that the racer is waiting for him there and is calling to him. Clark tells Chloe that they didn't come up with a solution. She responds that  S.T.A.R. Labs might have something. Patched to  Emil Hamilton , the doctor explains they took the concept of sending Clark into the sun to remove his  irradiation  to fashion a containment suit. He states that they modified the suit to collect speed energy and that Clark might be able to use it to constantly move fast enough to confront the demon. The scientists at S.T.A.R. fire a pod into the atmosphere and it quickly rockets its way to the young heroes' location in Utah. The pod opens to reveal the new suit, a black and silver affair with a glowing  S-Shield . Clark quickly puts on the suit and speeds to the massive storm in Las Vegas. Boldly, Clark proclaims to the demon that it's "time for round two." In Las Vegas, Clark Kent saves a man from becoming another victim of a speed storm. He cannot save everyone but he does save as many as he can. Superman stops the speed storms and has everyone evacuate. An angry Black Flash, seeing that Superman is trying to stop him, decides to kill him. Superman and Black Flash begin to fight. Superman confronts the Black Flash. In Las Vegas, Superman continues to fight the Black Flash. Just as Black Flash seems to be gaining the upper hand just as Bart arrives, prepared at last for the final showdown and his reckoning with the speed force. Black Flash, finally satisfied that Bart arrive getting to feed on "Pure" speed. Bart then rush to take Clark out of the fight and proceeds to absorb the Speed Force out of Clark's containment suit. Clark tries to talk Bart out of taking on the Black Flash with Impulse revealed that the speedsters he met with told him that he was the only one who can take him down. Bart then confides in Clark that he never been alone, and then rushes to take down Black Flash. Clark then proceeds to try to catch up and help Bart. Bart rushes to Black Flash with Clark trying to convince him to slow down. They both flashback to back when they first met as teenagers back on the barn. Bart, who thanks Clark for looking out for him. He says he's going to explore the world, and invites Clark to come. Clark asks him to stay, and Bart slyly says he'd consider it... if Clark can catch him. The two superspeed down the roads of Smallville, but Bart easily leaves Clark in the dust. Clark mourns Bart's sacrifice. There is soon a big Speed Force explosion that took out both Bart and Black Flash out leaving a giant lightning bolt in the desert with Clark mourning and forced to tell Watchtower that Impulse is gone. Emil reveals to Clark that Bart and the exposure to the speed force helped Clark more than he thought. Sometime later at the JSA Brownstone, Clark and Jay look at the first  Impulse Suit  in the glass case. Jay Garrick feels somber about what happened saying Bart did what he should have done a long time ago. Clark tells Jay that everything end no matter what and Bart would have never stopped running, as long as you're running towards something. Abigail Hunkel and Emil came in to pay their respects. After Abigail and Jay left to get some tea and leave Clark and Emil to talk. Emil reveals that the speed force Bart exposed Clark to might have had an unforeseen effect. Lois and Superman discuss preparation ways to honor Bart's sacrifice. Lois sits at  their apartment  asking Clark if their going to hold a  funeral  like they did for  Carter . Clark replies he will also build a statue for Bart. He then asks if he found anything about Lex with Lois saying considering how the night has went it's pretty much a win and she'll tell him after his next flyby. Clark replies he doesn't think he will be doing that anymore. Clark returns to Lois. Then there is a knock on the door and as Lois opens it, there is Clark in his  glasses  and  suit and tie  simply saying "Honey, I'm home". As they embrace Lois wonders how is this possible, with Clark replying thanks to Bart's speed, the radiation is removed. Lois then tells his get back into the  suit  because they have work to do. Superman, Lois and Green Arrow confront Lex. At  LexCorp   Plaza , Lex heads towards his office only to find that the lights aren't working. As he calls for Otis, Superman appears with Lex realizing that he found a way to remove the radiation off him. The Green Arrow appears revealing they are here to take Tess back. Then Lois appears surrounding Lex. As Green Arrow is about to use a taser arrow, Lois slaps Lex knocking him unconscious. As he wakes up, He is help by Otis. He realizes what the heroes did, he asks where is Tess. Clark understands Chloe's decision to leave. At Watchtower, Clark, Lois and Oliver stands patience as Emil downloads a grateful Tess into a computer system making her a hologram. Clark wonders where Chloe,Oliver reveals she's outside waiting to reveal something to him. Chloe tells Clark about the Monitors and then she tells Clark about the baby she is about to have. As Clark understands and accepts Chloe's decision to leave to start a life with Oliver for the sake of their child. Clark is overjoyed and takes Chloe on a flight, she later reveals that she and Oliver needs to leave so the baby can come safely to term with Clark understanding since that is what both  Jor-El  and  Lara  as well as  Jonathan Kent  and  Martha Kent  did for him. Clark and Lois in the shower. Back at the  apartment ,  Lois and Clark  are in the shower with Clark washing her hair. Clark wonders if Lois would be alright in Africa and if he should go with her to check on the vigilante known as  the Angel of the Plateau . Lois reminds him that  Franklin Stern  is watching him closely now that he returned from his extended leave. She asks if Clark would be alright after what just  happened  with  Bart , and Clark says he will but he wonders how many more people do they have to loose. Clark then proceeds to take care of an apartment building on Russell and Glosson. Clark and Booster Gold awaken in the 31st century. After Clark takes care of the fire, he goes to the  Daily Planet bullpen , where he is confronted by  Cat Grant  who wonders why he hasn't answered any of her calls. Clark meekly replies he forgot to charge his cell phone. Cat reveals that he has a visitor, with Booster jokingly greeting him. Clark pushes him to the  rooftop , and confronts him about arriving at his workplace. Booster reveals that since he is from the future, he knows about Clark's  "hiatus"  and Clark wonders whether Booster knew about what was going to happen to Bart. Skeets says their knowledge of the future is constantly changing. Booster shows Clark his Legion ring and asks about the "Legion Protocol Six", but Clark is not aware of it. The moment Clark touches the ring, it suddenly activates, causing Clark and Booster to suddenly disappear in a flash of light, leaving a very confused Skeets alone. They wake up in the 31st century in front of a destroyed Superman statue in the middle of a torn Metropolis. Clark and Booster watch as the burning spacecraft is about to crash over them. In the Metropolis of 31st Century, Clark and Booster try to understand what happened to them and investigate Superman's fallen statue. Clark questions Booster Gold how he could a get a Legion ring from the 31st century while himself was living in the 25th when suddenly Skeets appears revealing that he was waiting for them for one thousand years. While they are talking a burning spaceship which is on a collusion crash, is heading towards the city of Metropolis.  Superman catches the ship and lands it safely to the ground. Afterwards he greets his old friend, Lighting Lad, who asked them how he arrived there unfortunately their reunion is interrupted by the squad of guards demanding their surrender. The Legion Safe House #47. With the aid from  Skeets  who causes a distracting for the group they move to  the Legion safe house #47  where Clark now disguised in customary 31's attire explains that he was transported by the flight ring, which leaves Brainiac 5 and Garth puzzled as they have no knowledge to Protocol 6 and it wasn't enacted by any Legionnaire. Furthermore Garth persuades Brainiac 5 to reveal to Clark that his cousin,  Kara , is held as a prisoner by EarthGov. Brainiac 5 explains to Clark about the existence of New Krypton. Clark gets mad and attacks some men working for Kirt Niedrigh. Clark finds Kara imprisoned by EarthGov. Suddenly Superman arrives at the EarthGov facility and requests from Kirt to give him back Kara. Minister Niedrigh orders his men to attack Superman with red sunlight stylised weapons that causes him to lose his powers for a few seconds but that doesn't stop him from defeating them. When his powers come back he grabs Niedrigh and angrily asks him where is she. Then Kirt, obviously scared, tells him where he has put Kara. Clark finds Kara in a weakened state. Clark and Kara discuss how she ended up in the future. Still in 31st century, above Earth, Superman reunites with his cousin, Kara, whom has just freed from an EarthGov facility where she was held as a prisoner. Kara explains to Clark how she time-traveled into the future with his Legion ring and that she was ordered by Jor-El to do so. Clark comments that he didn't even noticed his ring or his cousin were missing and apologises to her but he also questions Kara how "Supergirl" was involved in ther war between Earth and New Krypton. She tells him that when she arrived in the future she was welcomed by Brainiac-5 and the Legion, which launched a diplomatic mission when they discovered Argo, the lost Kryptonian colony, but was sabotaged by someone from EarthGov and that event was the start of the war. Kara also reveals that she was not an actually a prisoner but a spy for the Kryptonians. Kryptonian homecoming. Later Superman and Supergirl appear on New Krypton defending Cosmic Boy and Saturn Girl, who had been charged for terrorism. When Beh-Osk hears the Legionnaires call Superman as Kal-El, he realises that Superman is the last son of ancient Krypton and gets astonished by that revelation. He then calls all the Kryptonians to kneel before "Argo's salvation". Clark seems not so happy about that action and Kara says to him "Welcome home". Clark sees a statue of the Kryptonian Goddess. On New Krypton, Chancellor Pa-Vel escorts Superman in the Hall of Scion in which there are multiples statues of Kryptonians who had contributed to Argo's evolution for over a thousand years. Cancellor also mentions that Clark liberated their ancestors from the tyranny of General Zod and that is why every Kryptonian on New Krypton calls him "Liberator". Chancellor also explains to Superman a bit about their religion, how proud enlightened people they are and that their war is more about that despite the violence. He also reveals that the main cause of the war is to recover the body of their God. A confused Clark questions him about his revelation knowing that the God they worship is Rao, Krypton's red sun but Chancellor says that Rao was worshiped only by their ancestors and they now worship a new one, showing him the statue of their Goddess and also revealing to him that Clark actually knew her. Superman reveals the Kryptonians' real reason behind the war. Superman later finds Supergirl and Cosmic Boy and says to Kara that she doesn't have to say anything, betraying the Kryptonians' trust because he already knows everything. He reveals to Supergirl and Cosmic Boy that the war is not about politics but actually for another, more religious reason. The Kryptonians actually want to recover Faora's body, whom they worship as their Goddess because of her tale that was told by Argo's settlers and eventually became myth. They believe that her body holds the key of unlocking their future as a people and that is why they sent Kara as a spy to locate the coordinates of Faora's tomb, but without her actually know what she is looking for. Over the Amazon forest, Clark and Kara are discussing Kara's decision to become a spy for the Kryptonians and how she doesn't like it anymore feeling she had been taken advantage of. Suddenly two of EarthGov's spaceships appear with the one shooting at Kara. Clark is ready to battle them but an enraged Kara uses her heat vision destroying one of the ships. Then they both easily take care of the rest of the soldiers with Clark using his breath to freeze them. Clark and Kara discover the tomb of Faora. After that they find a huge gate with a Kryptonian symbol on it, which leads to Faora's tomb. When they enter the room they see a huge structure, resembling a palace which was built by Zod, and Kara wonders why Zod buried Faora there. Clark tells her that the original Zod and Faora couldn't have children so when his clone found out that Faora's clone, who had already killed, was actually pregnant with his child, he immediately regretted his action and fell into depression and that is why he built this place, to honnor her. Clark also says that he made a throne for himself, to seat after he had conquered the Earth, in the center of the structure facing a pit where he had kept Faora's dead body frozen inside a crystalline cube. Then Kara asks again why he put the throne facing the pit and Clark assumes that that he did it because of guilt. After that Clark and Kara fly down the pit and visit Faora's body where Clark explains that the Kryptonians believe that her child was a sacred thing, because as they believe that it may have been the answer on why the Kryptonians had powers under yellow sun and not red. Kara then states that the Kryptonians won't be the first to know the answer. Kara fights Clark. In the Amazon forest, outside Faora's tomb, Clark and Kara are discussing about the war. Clark says that maybe the humans are not ready for a relationship with New Krypton and it might take a long time to do so. Kara defending the Kryptonians says that humans are not able to change and like many of her kind she does not think very highly of them. Clark counters Kara's incoming attack. This conversation leads in a big fight between the two cousins but Clark manages to explain to Kara that the humans are not all like Kirt Niedrigh, giving examples of his adopted parents and Lois. They both manage to calm each other when suddenly Kara gets a call from New Krypton and at the same time Clark gets a call from the Legion. They both inform them that New Krypton is under attack, Earthgov managed to send Doomsday at the planet via a boom tube, and the kryptonians are launching their assault on Earth. Superman and Supergirl join up with the Legion in space. In outer space, Superman and Supergirl meet Brainiac 5 and the rest of the Legion. Brainiac 5 informs the cousins that the Kryptonians have launched an incoming gravity bomb at Earth in response to the attack by Doomsday on New Krypton. Clark seems surprised and Kara asks about Doomsday so Cosmic Boy explains to her that it was a monster that Clark defeated some years ago. Brainiac 5 says that it is possible Earthgov did not authorize the attack on New Krypton, or, if they did, maybe Kirt Niedrigh wasn't actually clear to his superiors about what he found beneath old Metropolis. Kara then asks from Clark to go to New Krypton because he has the experience to defeat the beast, due to his last encounter with Doomsday. Kara calls all the Legion members to follow her to Earth, except from Saturn Girl, who follows Clark on New Krypton. Superman vs. Doomsday. On New Krypton, Superman and Saturn Girl find Doomsday, the hulking brute having almost killed off the Eradicators and caused mass panic in the city. Clark asks Imra to make a link with the minds of all the Kryptonians. Clark then informs them about who he is and Doomsday's origin. He also encourages them to help him defeat the beast. Unfortunately, Clark and the other Kryptonians' efforts are not enough to stop Doomsday so Clark decides to take the monster and throw it to the sun. Cancellor Pa-Vel says to Clark that he isn't powerful enough to escape the sun's gravity, and Clark responds that he is aware of that. Superman pushing Doomsday into the heart of the sun. Meanwhile deep in space Superman engages Doomsday flying him directly into the Sun while telepathically communicating with Saturn Girl, whom he tells her certain instructions as he doesn't believe he'll make it out alive. He tells her to tell Lois, make sure that both Booster and Kara find a place in the 31st century. Superman blasts Doomsday into the sun. Saturn Girl tells Superman it doesn't have to be this way, Using the full blast of his Heat vision Superman launches Doomsday into the gravitational pull of the sun with himself caught in it as well as they both plummet into the fiery tomb, Superman asked that the Legion would ensure that no one unearth this monster again. The Legion saves Superman. Another Legionnaire interjects his opinion in telepathic communicating declaring that A lot of responsibility to rest upon one Legionnaire the voice is revealed to be Cosmic Boy who has come to Superman's rescue but not alone but with the rest of the Legionnaires creating a buddy system link chain to pull Superman out of the sun pull. As they declared that they wouldn't allow Superman to self-sacrifice his Destiny without a fight. "Long Live The Legion." Together the Legion and the last two solo survivors of House of El fly as one unit of the sun proclaiming "Long Live The Legion" & "Long Live The House Of El". Clark encounters a young Bart. Later in a now reformatted Metropolis, citizens wear jet packs to adjust to their new environmental gravity atmosphere. Superman encounters a mother trying to apprehend her son who has an obsession with speed and running the mother mention his name as "Bartholomew Allen" which causes Superman to shed a tear. Brainiac 5 hands Clark back his Legion ring. Brainiac 5 arrives to inform Superman of the peace progress development being made between Earth and New Krypton as both side are working together in bringing about unity. Brainiac 5 hands Superman his original Legion ring back declaring that it must remain in his possession a while longer in order for Booster to recover it in 25th century museum as history unfold. Superman watches as a New Beginning dawns for Metropolis. Clark offers Kara a choice to return to the 21st century. Returning to space, Clark finds Kara floating high above looking outward in space. Clark attempts to make small chat between himself and her as he states "He always felt torn between two worlds" Kara acknowledges that this situation demonstrated that in a ridiculous matter so to speak. Clark offers Kara the choice to come back with him to present day 21st century with Booster and Skeets, also mentioning that Chloe would love to see her present at her upcoming baby shower in a few months, Kara says she wouldn't miss it but for now she's not quite ready to leave 31st century just yet as for the first time in her life she feels at peace because she doesn't have a mission assigned to her now her life is her own and she couldn't be happier. Weeks later, Martha calls her son Clark , who was sleeping with Lois , and informs him about an attack on her. Clark is concerned about his mother's well being and asks her about the attack but the only thing Martha can say is that someone saved her. Lois and Clark arrive at Washington Airport. Clark and Lois land at Dulles Airport in Washington, to cover the news of the attack against Clark's mother. At the airport, Clark says he could simply fly them to Washington instead of taking a plane to get there but Lois says that if someone spots Superman in Washington and finds out that there is no evidence of how Clark Kent, who surprisingly is also there, flew into town, it could possibly blow his cover off, in which Clark agrees. Then he notices a girl who is crying because she has left her teddy bear at home, and without being seen by anyone, flies to the girl's house and brings the bear making it look as it had been left on the plane. Clark and Lois are greeted warmly by Martha and Shelby In Martha's house, they enjoy a good feast and then talk about how Conner is, Martha reveals that he is at San Francisco attending a school that Jay Garrick made. They also talk about the attack, how worried Clark was and the mysterious woman in white who saved Martha. Lois says that the attack had something to do with D.E.O., mentioning they appear to be more than a little shady when they took Corben into custody last month, they also discussing on how to act now. Clark says he will investigate the D.E.O. and Lois will investigate Martha's mysterious savior. Later Clark lark is in the location where it should be the basis of the D.E.O., but finds nothing in sight. Suddenly, the whole structure emerges from the ground and a young man comes out to get Clark Kent, introducing himself as Steve Trevor. Steve Trevor tours Clark in the D.E.O. headquarters. Inside the D.E.O. headquarters, Steve tours Clark in the facilities. Steve does not tell much except from the fact that the agency was formed to prevent something like the organization Checkmate would recur. Suddenly an emergency alarm rings so Steve leaves and when Clark is left alone, he prepares for action. Superman arrives at the scene and defeats winged creatures that were attacking Lois and Diana, the woman that saved his mother. Within minutes a group of D.E.O., captained by Steve Trevor, also arrives. Diana flees away before Steve can recognize her, but when Lois sees Trevor she reveals to Superman that she dated him in the past. Clark reveals his true identity to Diana. Clark and Diana talk about her experiences in "men's world". At the Marston Home for Wayward girls, two children are fighting over a toy before two older girls break them up before they start arguing and fighting each other. Diana comes and says this is neither the time or place for violence. The two girls then insult her calling her a "stray dog" before Diana tells the girls to look away for a moment and picks them up telling them to calm down. Clark then comes in and asks Diana for some of her time. At first she doesn't want to talk to him, but then he takes off his glasses, and she realizes he is Superman and leaves with him. Diana admits since her arrival she has been helping others who can't help themselves. Clark comments on that saying it seems she spends most of her "helping" time putting men in the hospital. She says during her time in "men's world" she has realized that men are rarely victimized by the opposite sex like these women have been. Then Clark asks her about her connection with Steve Trevor and she replies by saying it is complicated. Suddenly Watchtower communicates with Clark and tells him that she had tracked down the hostiles that he, Lois and Diana encountered at the cathedral and then sends him the coordinates. Superman and Diana investigate the temple. Some time later, Superman and Diana arrive at the place, where Tess sent them and Diana says she feels that dark magics were deprecated there. Superman sees some footprints, indicating that the harpies they fought were actually human and Diana sees some tablets with the stories of her people. Then Superman uses his x-ray vision and realizes that someone has covered the original stonework with new ones and Diana says not just anyone could have done that. She states that these are actually messages and that her mother is still alive. Clark, Martha and Lois learn about Felix Faust's connection to Bones. Later Lois arrives back to Martha's house after walking Shelby through DC. Martha and Lois asks about what progress Clark is making. He found that the prints belong to a Felix Faust and that the prints were entered into the system from records collected back in the forties. Clark tries to contact Tess who is offline, but Martha is able to hack into the computer because "when the Red Queen takes down a shadowy organization, no one thinks to change their password". They find out Faust was part of shadowy Anti-Occult unit called "Shadowpact" that was formed during World War II along with Director Bones, who looks exactly as he does now, as well as Zatanna's father, John Zatara , who left the unit after the first mission. They start to wonder if Diana was truly after Bones or Faust. Clark changes into Superman in order to get information. Superman locates Diana. Superman flies in the sky, while Lois is following him with her car. He spots a fire, while talking to Lois by an intercom and says he has located Diana, with his telescopic vision, outside of Steve Trevor's apartment. He also tells Lois that Diana is taking care of a tank. Suddenly, as Diana is busy fighting the soldiers of D.E.O., a sniper aims at the head of Trevor and shoots at him but thanks to the quick intervention of Superman, who catches the bullet with his hands, he doesn't get killed. Superman saves Steve. The D.E.O. arrests Diana and Superman argues about it with General Lane. General Lane explains to Superman that the attack Bones ordered against Diana has been approved by the U.S. president himself. Superman defends Diana by saying she hasn't done anything wrong and she is only looking for her mother . Bones responds by saying to Diana that he can take her to her mother. Diana accepts the offer and to even being handcuffed with magical shackles, saying that if they keep their word she will not struggle. The D.E.O. takes Diana into their custody and moves her from the scene. Lane prevents Superman from interfering, saying to him to choose his battles and find another way to handle this. Superman tells Steve to run away from the scene and meet Lois in an alley before he gets in trouble too. Clark scans the floors of the D.E.O.'s facility. While being tortured by Bones, Diana hears with her super hearing, Clark's voice, who tells her to hold on and that he will find her mother. Somewhere else inside D.E.O's facility, Clark, in his civilian disguise, is welcomed by another special agent of the organization, Cameron Chase . She presumes that he is here to continue the tour he began and Clark says that he was expecting Commander Trevor. Chase says that Trevor is on administrative leave at the moment. She also says that Director Bones strives for a greater level of transparency with the American public than their predecessor had. Then Clark asks her why they arrested an innocent super. Chase says that this information is classified and asks him how does he know about that but Clark responds that his fiance's father was at the scene. While they are talking, Clark scans with his X-ray vision all the rooms of the facility. They meet a group of men, looking like monks, whom Chase simply calls employees, chanting a song which, according to her, keeps the evil forces out, but Clark adds that it must also help keep them inside. Clark discovers a secret room where Hippolyta is being held captive. After asking directions for the restroom, Clark rushes to continue his search and discovers a place called the Black Room, full of relics and magical objects. He also finds some kind of big urn, inside of which Queen Hippolyta is being held in suspended animation. Clark proceeds to tell Diana that he found her mother. Suddenly, Faust along with a huge sea monster appear and the beast hits Clark with one of its tentacles. Clark finds out the truth behind Faust's motive. Clark then comes face to face with Faust, who explains that he is after the jewel on Hippolyta's tiara, called the Eye of Ares. Suddenly, Bones shoots Faust, saying that he will not let him destroy the Earth, by unleashing Hades . Clark also gets hit and then Faust takes the gem from the tiara and throws it into the water. Suddenly an earthquake starts and a portal opens from which the God of death, Hades, emerges. Clark asks Diana if he can count on her help to fight Hades. Superman goes to face Hades. Diana then appears and gives a couple of punches to Faust, warning him to stay away from her mother, but he immediately gets healed so Clark proceeds to hit him with his heat vision. Clark and Diana collect the body of Hippolyta and Diana tries to awaken her but Clark asks her to help him in the fight. Diana seems not to be sure if she can help him at the time, but Clark tells her to find out soon and then changes into Superman in order to face Hades. Superman watches from above. Meanwhile General Lane along with Lois and Steve are inside his car and while he is driving, they are trying to communicate with someone else but Lois says that the phones are out. Lois tries to communicate with Clark by whispering in chance of him listening to her with his super-hearing. Superman watching from above, freezes, with his artic breath, all the zombies that have surrounded the vehicle Lois is in, proving to her that he can hear her. He then tries to communicate with Watchtower, asking for back-up, but he fails. Superman is heading towards Hades. Then Hades watches Superman, who is coming to fight him and recognizes him as the new champion of humankind but he also comments that this being isn't of this world or any other he knows and seeks to undo his work. Faust reveals to Hades that they call him "Superman" and he finds it very obvious. Hades says it's time to show to this champion what it really means to be a god and wishes to find out what he is made of. So he creates an enormous storm surrounding the Washington Monument and transforming it into a giant hand made of rock. Seeing that, a horrified Superman calls for back-up again. Superman tries to come up with a solution. Superman attacks a harpy. At Washington D.C., a stone giant, Hades made out of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial, causes terror while a group of harpies are heading to the plane in which President Martinez and his family are in. The President reassures his children that everything is going to be okay and one of his assistants tells him he sees something on the plane's wing. Suddenly a military aircraft fires against the harpy there is on the wing but more of them arrive and attack the aircrafts. Then Superman arrives and defeats the harpies. After that he communicates via Morse code with the pilot of one of the aircrafts, telling him to not engage with the creatures because they are actually humans who cannot control themselves. Then the pilot passes the message to the President. Superman also reassures them he is working on a solution and the President wonders why Superman is doing what the D.E.O. should be doing. Superman fights Hades. Superman tries to attack Hades. Later, soldiers try to defeat the zombies and Superman attacks the stone giant. Unfortunately the giant knocks him down and Hades comes to inspect him, saying that he is definitely not from this Earth and not quite one of the New Gods either. Superman answers that he is just a man who tries to do what's right and punches Hades, making him bleed and retorting that he is not an actual Deity either, but just another being from a different dimension, wanting to enslave humanity. Then Superman attacks him again but Hades manages to hit him first saying that he had once conquered the Earth and he can do it again but Superman says humanity didn't have him before. Hades proceeds to make the giant crush him beneath his foot. Superman says Diana is not alone in this battle against Hades. While Diana confronts Hades, the mighty god mocks her by saying that although Hippolyta's blood runs in her veins, she can not stop him by herself. Suddenly, Superman resurfaces under the foot of the rock giant, throwing him down and saying Diana does not fight alone. Superman and Diana fight against Hades' army. Superman and Wonder Woman begin to fight against Hades' harpies, and during the fight, Diana explains to Clark that the only way to defeat Hades is to send him back to Tartarus, a hellish dimension where he was imprisoned by Hippolyta years ago, in order to keep the Olympian realms in balance. She also says that her mother in order to imprison Hades in the first place she had to kill the witch, who served him, meaning that now they have to kill Faust. Superman says that is not going to happen and there is always another way, taking Hades and flying him into outer space. Superman throws Hades back to Tartarus. Superman forces Hades to surrender. Before they go into space, Superman warns Hades that even if he is immortal he can throw him into deep space whenever he wants, to spend eternity wandering in the black cold endless void. Intimidated by Superman, Hades thinks about it and decides to finally surrender. Then Superman throws him back to Earth, inside a portal leading to Tartarus imprison him once again. After the portal is closed, the stone giant collapses. Superman and Diana save the day. Later Diana asks Clark what power did he use to subdue Hades and Clark responds by saying he used only words. They later wonder what will happen now with the heroes and how will the government and the army react. Clark and Diana talk about the way the Earth perceives heroes. Later, Clark and Diana talk about the future. Clark says he is not prepared to be regarded almost as a god, something that is more accustomed to Diana, who is descended from trans-dimensional Greek god-beings. Clark tells her that in the coming weeks one of his associates will be setting up a hub for his team's Watchtower network in DC and it can be made available to her if she decides to stay. Diana says that after much discussion with her mother she decided to stay not only as an ambassador for Themyscira but also to show the Earth that her people should not be feared but embraced and prove that it is possible make a difference, when fighting for truth and justice. Clark asks her if she will see Steve again and Diana responds by saying she believes she shall see more of this "boy". Clark and Martha talk about the first time he visited the capital. Clark and Martha walk through Washington talking about the first time that Clark visited the city as a child. Jonathan wanted him to understand that power comes with responsibility, and Clark seems to understand it very well now. In fact, he confesses to his mother that he will take a big step in trying to mediate the rejection of the unknown that is brewing in the country but he is not sure what he must do to turn the tide. Martha tells him that he is already doing very well into inspiring hope. Clark says it's time to inspire change too. Martha then says if he feels in his heart that it is the right thing to do, then he already has his answer. Clark repairs the Washington Monument. Later, Superman repairs the Washington Monument in front of thousands of people who admire him, and after changing to his civilian persona he goes to find Lois, who is very proud of him, in the crowd. They both know that tomorrow the Earth will be a different place, so they savor these moments by kissing. Clark tells Conner about his decision. Later, Superman visits Conner Kent and tells him that Jay told him he was proud for him. Superman also says they are lucky they had people like Jay in their lives. Conner also says that he might visit Rose in Alcatraz because he wants her to know that just because her father was a tool, it doesn't mean she has to be one too and Clark says he believes he and his team of Titans are going to be fine. Conner then asks Clark why he came to visit him and Clark says he is going to have a very important conversation with the President. Conner asks what this has to do with him and Clark says it is going to change the way people look at that "S" on his chest. Superman reveals to the President that he is an alien. The same night, Superman visits the White House to meet with President Martinez. He apologizes for waking him up but he says that they need to talk. The President thanks him for saving his life and then properly introduces himself saying that he can call him "Thomas" to which Superman replies that he can call him "Kal-El", of Krypton and he's an alien. Superman receives a message of encouragement from Lois. Superman goes back to work. Flying in space above Earth, Superman remembers his father's advice while listening to the world talk about his recent confession of being an alien. There is mistrust and fear of him, but Superman knew the risk he was taking. While trying to remember the three phrases his father told him, Lois sends him the third phrase in a text message, showing him she is there for him. Suddenly Clark hears a bullet train in Japan that cannot be stopped so he goes back to work. Inside the train there is a small boy, named Hiro Okamura , who is playing with his robots and toys when suddenly the train runs at full speed to a fatal accident. Tess, who observes the situation and supports Superman from the Watchtower, informs "Boy Scout" of a fluctuation in Earth's magnetic pole that has destabilized the train's track system but still she does not know what caused it. Superman stops the train. Fortunately Superman succeeds in saving the train, slowing it down and no one gets hurt, but then nervous people start to question him about his origin and if there are more aliens like him, that they should be afraid of. Hiro seems to run away from the train, as if he is afraid of Superman, who just tries to explain that he needed the Earth to know that not everything out there is a threat. Superman visits the White House once again. The U.S. president summons Superman to a meeting at the Oval Office, where he shows to him some photos of someone who fell in Russia in recent meteor shower. Superman recognizes the person as a "Monitor" and when the President asks him what is a "Monitor", Superman responds to him by saying that he will know as soon as he does. Superman then promises he will investigate the matter, and that is something that everyone should be concerned. Clark discusses the Monitors with the team. At Watchtower, Chloe, Tess, Clark and Lois discuss about Earth-2, which was presumably annihilated by the Monitors, and Clark wonders what crime could that Earth have committed to deserve to merit annihilation. Chloe says everything she knows about the alternate Earth and the Monitors but also informs them that the memories, that were transported to her from her doppelgänger never actually took root and she only gets fleeting glimpses. Tess informs them that Lex is preparing his jet to visit Moscow and Lois thinks of a way to sneak in as a press attaché and go to Russia with Lex so she can keep an eye on him. Clark then says he has a better idea and the proceeds to communicate with another member of the team, asking for a favour. Clark joins Lex and Otis in their travel to Moscow. Boarding the plane, Otis tells his boss that he has invited the press to chronicle his "greatness", much to Lex's annoyance. They then watch as Superman fly over them with Lex seeing it as a challenge but Clark, who is inside the plane as a representative of the Daily Plane, says that it might be more of a reminder. Lex is obviously disappointed having Clark Kent accompanying him in his travel, saying that Lois Lane would be better company. Lex is interviewed by Clark. Inside Lex's jet, Clark interviews Lex about what he believes crashed in Russia and asks him why he is so interested on that and if it has something to do with his alleged attack at S.T.A.R. Labs. He then asks him about his rivalry with Superman but Lex responds by saying he doesn't trust Superman and in fact nobody should trust him, he also says he is glad the Earth is finally starting to sober up. Clark then says that Lex's amnesia is not a secret so he asks him if it has something to do with that and Lex says he is not sure but maybe his hatred for the superhero has something to do with his old life. Clark and Lex talk about Lois' relationship with Superman. Clark is ready to get into action. After that Lex starts to ask Clark about his relationship with Lois and why they haven't get married yet but Clark says they just haven't find the right moment yet. So Lex advises him not to wait too long, mentioning the amount of coverage Lois gives to Superman, indicating with that he might lose her to another man. Suddenly the jet gets into a big storm and because of a lightning they lose an engine so Clark prepares to take action but surprisingly someone else catches the jet from its fall. At first, Lex thinks that Superman might have saved them, something that makes him clearly irritated but it is revealed they were saved by a Russian team of superheroes, called the Rocket Red Brigade, who welcomes them in Moscow. Clark Kent meets the Rocket Reds. Clark interviews Alexi about how the Rocket Reds started. Clark thanks the Rocket Red Brigade for saving them earlier and recognizes one of the team members as being one of the astronauts who was in the Guardian rocket months ago, Alexi. Alexi tells Clark that the government offered him the opportunity to form a team to fight against internal and external threats to Russia, all inspired by Superman, and in fact they already have prevented many meteorites from hitting the country. Alexi also reveals that the thing that fell the other day from the sky was not a meteorite but a man, which makes Clark ask if he thinks it seems right to keep the man captive. Alexi replies that his opinion is that if someone does not want to say why he is here, he does not hide anything good. Later, Clark arrives at the door of the premises where the Monitor is in, which is also the base of the Rocket Reds and he says goodbye to Alexi, who asks him to thank Superman from his behalf for saving his life. Suddenly the alarms of the facility are activated and Clark, removing his glasses, uses his X-ray vision to see what happens. The warning is fully justified as the Monitor called Ray-Lan has somehow been freed from his chains and makes a hole in the wall, killing a member of the Rocket Reds. Alexi says he does not want to hurt him, but Ray-Lan says he will have to. Superman confronts for the first time the Monitor. Superman and the Monitor fight. Superman is shocked that the Monitor was able to hurt him. The freed Monitor is killing soldiers on his way out of the facility. Lex asks him why he does that, and Ray-Lan responds that if he does not understand his purpose, he doesn't deserve to live so he proceeds to kill Lex too. Fortunately, Superman's timely intervention saves Luthor, and the fight between Superman and Ray-Lan begins. While fighting the Monitor mocks Superman's weakness and then Superman asks him what is the "Crisis", to which Ray-Lan is surprised that Superman doesn't know. Superman gives him a headbutt in the face and both contenders are separated by the blow. Ray-Lan, who lands on a building, succeeds to escape, while Lex wonders where he has gone, but Superman, seeing his own blood on his hands wonders how the Monitor could hurt him. Superman after he healed himself thanks to the solar radiation. Superman is badly injured after his fight with the Monitor. Ray-Lan has just escaped from the facility in Moscow he was held captive thanks to the chaos he created and Superman, who is still sore, realizes he is bleeding because of the cut on his eyebrow. Ignoring Luthor who shouts at him to follow the Monitor, Superman flies above the clouds and the solar energy, which recharges him, heals him immediately. Then he communicates with Tess at Watchtower and tells her that now they have two priorities: to find out where the Monitor is hiding and how was Ray-Lan able to hurt him. Superman changes back to his civillain disguise to find Lex. Clark hears that doesn't really care if something happens to Clark. Switching back to his civillain disguise, Clark returns to the scene of conflict and reunites with Lex Luthor. Lex decides to go and find the Monitor on his own, whom he can trace through a device. Clark goes with him and when Lex thinks Clark can not hear him, he tells to Otis that he took Clark with him because he wouldn't mind if something happened to him. Lex and Clark find the Monitor's ship. Later near in Russia, Clark and Lex have tracked the Monitor in the abandoned and radioactive city of Chernobyl. While searching the place they find there a hole in the ground that leads them to an underground level where a huge spaceship is hidden. Clark and Lex discover several decimated parallel Earths. The Monitor prepares to attack Clark and Lex. Lex and Clark explore Monitor's spacecraft. Lex tells to Clark that the meteor shower that caused the accident of Karolyev ("Guardian") were the remains of a destroyed parallel Earth, and that suggests the existence of others. In fact, deep inside the spaceship, the two discover a glass tube-like structure that somehow contains several parallel earths that have already been decimated. But before they could react to the incredible view, the Monitor appears and tells them that their world has already far exceeded its useful life, and the two of them will not live to see its end. Ray-Lan stalks Clark and Lex. Monitor's spaceship takes off. Clark's identity is going to be exposed. Beneath Chernobyl, Clark and Lex try to escape from the Monitor, who is stalking them through his ship while revealing bits and pieces of his plan. Ray-Lan says that his fellow Monitors should be trying to prevent the inhabitants of the Earths they destroy from learning the truth about the fate of their world and Clark realizes that is why another Monitor killed Chloe Sullivan of Earth-2, when she set foot on this Earth. Eventually Lex and Clark manage to escape the ship, which fires its thrusts in preparation to take off. Clark takes advantage and flies himself and Lex out, timing his movements to make it look like they were thrown out by the blast. They land on a bridge, and the Monitor surprises them and shoots Clark in the chest, sending him flying through the air and into a frozen lake. Lex dives in after him and approaches the sinking body of an unconscious Clark, whose shirt has been ripped off by the hit of the Monitor, revealing his Superman costume. Superman attacks Ray-Lan, saving Lex's life. Clark is hit by Ray-Lan's beam. Lex is diving into the frozen lake trying to reach Clark, but another shot coming from the Monitor hits Clark and makes him sink deeper in the water, making him unreachable. Luckily for Clark, Lex couldn't reach him and so he did not see his Superman costume inside the shreds of his civilian clothes. When Ray-Lan is ready to kill Lex, Superman appears and attacks the Monitor, throwing him far away in the forest. Because of his hypothermia, Lex has fainted and Superman lights a fire around him to warm his body. He then rises above the clouds to recharge himself with solar energy. Superman recharges. Superman breaks Ray-Lan's armor. While regaining his strength, Superman communicates with Emil and Tess at the Watchtower, who explain to him why they believe the Monitor can hurt him without the help of any kind of kryptonite or red solar radiation. They say that the Monitors are beings outside the laws governing their universe, their energy is not governed by the physical laws of our own, which also makes Superman vulnerable to their attacks. Emil tells Clark to seek help from Supergirl but he refuses because as he says if the Monitor can hurt him, he can hurt Kara too. Clark then descends and gets ready to face his enemy once again improvising. Superman defeats Ray-Lan and proceeds to destroy his ship. Superman flies directly into the beam of the ship. Ray-Lan remotely controls his ship but Superman swoops down and destroys his arm cannon. Lex tells Superman to kill the Monitor or else his peers will keep coming. Superman tells him that's not his style and then flies directly into the beam of the ship, using it against itself and destroys it. As he falls, the ship causes a great explosion throwing shrapnel and fire. When Clark falls from the sky, wounded and blistered by passing through the beam of the ship, he sees Ray-Lan lying dead among the rubble, impaled by a metal rod on his chest. Regretfully, Superman apologizes and closes the corpse's eyes. Clark visits Lex in the hospital. Clark tells Lex that his ego is an obstacle on saving the Earth. Lex wakes up in a bed in Metropolis General with Clark sitting in a chair beside him. Lex is shocked to see him alive, and Clark explains that Superman saved him from drowning and warmed his body in the same way he did with Lex's. Luthor apologizes for dragging him to Russia in his expedition, but Clark says he volunteered. Clark tells him the Monitor probably would've tried to destroy the planet with or without Lex's intervention. Clark starts to leave, when Lex tells him he's a good liar. Despite Clark's consoling words, Lex says he can see the disapproval in his eyes. And he suspects he saw that look in his "past life," before he lost his memories. Clark acknowledges something of their history, saying that many times Lex's need to save the Earth often butted heads with his ego. Clark worries about the upcoming "Crisis". Clark welcomes Bruce in the League. Later in the Watchtower, Lois, Chloe, Clark and Tess read an article on the Daily Planet, titled "The New Cold War" and written by Cat Grant, presenting Superman as a threat and even stating that the Monitor's ship was actually his. Lois is furious with Cat's article and gets even more angry because of the fact that Franklin Stern didn't publish her story about the murder in Gotham. Clark says that they have bigger problems to worry about as the danger of the "Crisis" hasn't passed yet. Suddenly Bruce appears and says that even though he knew that the man in Gotham wasn't actually Clark he is happy to see him standing on his feet. Moreover he says that because of the "Crisis" he has decided to join the team, at least temporarily, so they can face the threat together. Clark watches an unknown glowing green object coming towards him. Clark is covered by the green light. Clark becomes a Green Lantern. Clark and Lois step out of the cinema, where they just watched a brand new superhero film. While they talk about the movie and the crisis, that still concerns Clark, a green light suddenly appears the sky. Seeing its trajectory and speed makes Clark worry for a possible attack. Clark can not tell what the object, wrapped in the green glow, is so he throws Lois on an abandoned old sofa in the street, when he realizes that the unknown object goes straight against him. Hit by the light, Clark is surrounded by green light and sees before him the projection of a being, who identifies himself as Tomar-Re . The alien says to Clark that if he is seeing him, it is because he has received his ring and his duty. Together they recite the oath of the Green Lanterns and when the light fades, Clark is revealed, wearing a green and black costume along with a glowing ring on his finger, which welcomes him to the Green Lantern Corps . Clark tries to remove the ring from his finger. Clark hears that he is needed somewhere else. Clark tries using his heat vision and arctic breath in attempt to remove the ring while Lois is contacting Emil Hamilton at S.T.A.R. Labs for help. As Clark attempts to remove the ring, various constructs in the form of a jackhammer, a crowbar and a plunger appears which a confused Lois refers to as ghost props. A relieved Clark finally is able to remove it and throw it into the atmosphere where Emil begins to track it. As he does the ring makes a U-Turn back to Earth to Clark's finger which Clark flies to catch. Clark then hears a loud siren coming from Metropolis National Bank where he goes to intervene, telling Lois to inform Emil that they should worry about his wardrobe change later. Clark can control his new found powers. Clark flies away from the scene. At Metropolis National, Dan Turpin and Maggie Sawyer as well as other members of the Metropolis police department are pinned behind the car wondering where Superman is at, to which they see him fly in his new Green Lantern uniform. Superman begins to use his heat vision warning the criminals to stand down. As he does the ring proceeds to create missile constructs of its own as a shocked Clark warn the criminals to watch out. As the criminals duck in shock, they proceed to fire their missiles. Clark and the police look on in shock as Superman attempts to get all the missiles, when all of a sudden the ring creates a giant Superman construct thus destroying the remain weaponry, causing the terrified bank crooks to flee surrendering to the police. Superman begins to apologize as he flies off in order to figure out how to properly control his ring. As he does he flies into John Stewart who tells Clark they need to talk. Clark learns the origin of the Corps. At Watchtower, Clark is discussing his new powers and the history of the Green Lantern Corps with a projection of Tomar-Re while Lois, Tess, and John watch. Tomar reveals he died in attempt to defend Krypton from destruction and now his ring, sector and duty is handed down to Clark which is mainly due to the return of the Kryptonian species the Argo colony. Clark tries to explain to Tomar that Earth is the home he has sworn to protect but Tomar tells him that his assigned sector is 2813. Clark then tells him that he knows for a fact that he doesn't suppose to interact with the citizens of New Krypton. He asks why not choose someone worthy from the Kandorian army? John Stewart tells Clark that he is a soldier now and has the duty to protect his sector. John tells Clark that this isn't how it works, the rings are powered by the willpower of their wearers, which is why in the past they chose people like himself, Kyle Rayner and Hal Jordan as Corps members. Lois and Tess disbelieve that John Stewart has a stronger will than them or any of the 6 billion people on Earth, with Tess even wondering how did someone like Alan Scott get hold of one of their rings, with John admitting he doesn't know what loophole Alan used to get a ring of his own. Clark then questions what gives a Guardian or whoever is left, the right to force other sentient beings into service. John retorts that orders are orders and Superman is a soldier now. Clark is frustrated that he can't control his ring. Clark asks John for answers. In the Fortress, Clark tries to control the functions of his power ring but he finds it difficult. John, not being able to answer his questions, tells him to be patient, trust the Corps, as it is, like the Guardians, older even from Earth, and not question the rules. But Clark gets frustrated on carrying a weapon so powerful, without knowing how to use it, so he decides to visit "the closest thing to an expert" he knows. Emil explains to Clark and John how their rings function. At S.T.A.R. Labs, John says he doesn't know a lot about his power ring even though he wears it for a decade. Emil explains that the ring enables the user to tap into power from beneath the fabric of reality and that the mind tells the ring how to filter and implement this power. Furthermore, the energy is traceable and acts as a locator. Suddenly, an employee of the lab says to Emil that a signal was detected similar to the one of the ring outside of the facility. John says he hasn't invited anyone from the Corps there, so he and Clark change back to their Lantern uniforms and go to check what is going on. Much to their surprise they find an army of Manhunters waiting outside. Superman and John are being chased by the Manhunters. Clark and John are under attack by the robots. Superman destroys the group of Manhunters. Superman and John try to contain the Manhunters' attack without putting in danger any civilian in Metropolis. Since they can not beat them, as their rings can't make a dent in them, Clark quickly decides to take the fight to a non populated area to avoid causing any casualties, so they fly to the Moon, where Justice League's new Watchtower base is still being built by S.T.A.R. Labs' drones. While fighting with them the two heroes hear the Manhunters saying that the Green Lanterns have violated a treaty, but Stewart says he has no idea what they're talking about. To aid Superman and Green Lantern in their battle, Tess takes under her control the drones and commands them to attack the Manhunters. During the battle, John realizes that the Manhunters are powered by yellow rings and that is why their rings can not work on them so he tells to Clark to fall back. Superman tells to Tess to stand down and then ends the battle with a powerful blast of heat vision destroying the remaining Manhunters. Clark asks John if this is the last of them and he says there's always more. Clark meets the other Lanterns. On the Moon, a group of Green Lanterns explain to Clark and John and that there is no treaty between the Guardians and the Manhunters, and one of them suggests that these Manhunters were rogue units that have gone mad without a purpose. Superman asks who created the yellow rings that powered the robots and the Lanterns explain that in order to battle the Manhunters, the Guardians took extreme measures, as the rings powered by the emerald energy of will were not enough, so they created the yellow rings, that are powered by fear. Unfortunately, the yellow light also drew something from the darkness, the ancient fear entity Parallax . After this revelation, the Lanterns decide to return to their sectors and report to their post. Before leaving, Salaak says something to John, requesting not to reveal it to the other Lanterns. Clark and John find Parallax and the Guardians. Traveling to an unknown part of the galaxy, John still cannot believe what Salaak has told him, but suddenly he and Superman come face to face with Parallax. The entity says that he could feel John's fear from miles away. The two Lanterns see that Parallax has imprisoned the presumed dead Guardians and feeds from them. Parallax says that they offered themselves to him as part of a trade, a treaty, their fear as eternal fuel for his hunger for the power they siphoned from his domain with the promise of never hunting him again. Clark tells Parallax that the terms of the treaty haven't been violated but Parallax says the Lanterns are gathering to destroy it, with Clark being the newest member of the Corps as proof of it. Threatening Clark, Parallax says that the Guardians have lost their luster and the Manhunters have failed so he seeks to feed from the population of Earth. He starts vomiting yellow rings and sends them across the galaxy to find recruits for his own Corps. Clark and John are captured by Parallax. Clark goes back to Earth to protect it from the Yellow Lanterns. Superman sends a distress signal while he returns to Earth. Superman learns from Emil where the rings have landed. Parallax has captured Clark and John and says that his yellow rings have arrived on Earth, by now, and his "harvesters" will provide him with the fear of the humans, so he can feast on it. One of the imprisoned Guardians, Ganthet, communicates telepathically with the two Lanterns and informs them that the other Guardians are keeping Parallax distracted, so he can tell them that in order to defeat Parallax, they should find something the beast fears. He has more to say, but he's unfortunately cut off by Parallax, who promptly tears him in two. Clark says that Ganthet bought them some time, by distracting Parallax, and they need to fall back. They both create a cage around the asteroid Parallax resides, preventing him of leaving it. John then says that Clark must return to Earth to stop these yellow rings, because the more fear they generate the stronger Parallax will become but Clark doesn't want to leave him behind. John says that he doesn't have a choice and that he will buy Clark some time in order for him to get back on Earth, so Clark wishes John good luck and leaves but while he is leaving, Parallax manages to break though the cage he has been held in, ready to face John. Superman arrives at Arkham Asylum. Superman sends a distress signal for all available Lanterns, informing them of the situation with Parallax and the yellow rings. At S.T.A.R. Labs, Emil Hamilton and his fellow scientists receive Clark's message and inform Superman the yellow rings have landed in Gotham City, specifically at Arkham Asylum. In Gotham, Batman and Nightwing are doing their best to contain the newly powered inmates of Arkham have already been transformed into Yellow Lanterns . Luckily, Superman arrives just in time to offer assistance. Superman tries to stop the Yellow Lanterns. On Earth, the team is monitoring the yellow rings and the subsequent mayhem they're causing. They communicate with Superman, who is fighting with the Yellow Lanterns in Gotham and tells them to focus on threats that are unrelated to the rings and let him deal with them because a situation like this is the perfect chance for other minor threats to go unnoticed. Superman returns to his familiar colors. In Arkham Asylum, Batman and Nightwing find it difficult to defeat the super-powered inmates. Superman tries to control the situation but his inexperience with his power ring doesn't help at all. Batman then tells him that the ring is not doing either of them any bit of good so Superman manages to break free of his Green Lantern armor and operate in his own suit once more, saying that he is more than just the ring. After this, all the Yellow Lanterns stand still and kneel before him. Superman is impressed and cannot believe that was all he had to do but he soon realizes that isn't the case. Parallax suddenly appears behind him, having John under his control. Superman faces Parallax in John's body. Superman tries to help John get control of his body. Superman tries to convince John Stewart, who is possessed by Parallax, that it's okay to experience fear, that it's not an emotion anyone should repress or ignore. While trying to influence Parallax and help John get the control, Superman is also fighting the manifestations Parallax creates to attack him. Superman's words about a soldier having the right to ask questions seem to have an impact on John, who briefly takes control of his body, but surprisingly Parallax gets back in charge and makes John respond by impaling Superman with a sword constructed by his yellow ring, saying that he is going to murder his whole world. The rings get rebooted and Superman gets his strength back. Superman gets ready for the final fight. Watchtower informs Superman, who is pierced by a sword constructed of yellow energy, about their plan to reboot the rings, while Parallax leaves John's body intending to take over Superman's but he tells to his teammates to reset the rings. When they do the sword on Superman's chest disappears, he gets his strength back and all the Yellow Lanterns, including John, are released from the influence of fear and lose their powers with the rings turning black. Superman tells John, now he is free from Parallax, to get back up because they aren't done fighting yet. Superman and the Lanterns watch as the entities battle. Superman decides to intervene. Superman encourages the Lanterns to choose their own destiny. After their rings get rebooted and they lose their powers, the inmates of Arkham fall from the sky unable to do anything to escape from their eventual death but fortunately Superman manages to save them all. Parallax is about to attack again but the real help comes when the other Green Lanterns arrive on the scene with the entity of willpower. The two entities begin to battle and with an assist from Superman, they banish Parallax to its realm, which was his greatest fear. Clark reunites with Lois. Later, Stewart explains to Clark that the Corps will endure and from now on no one will be conscripted against his will. John also tells Clark that his ring will be returned to the colony, where the Kryptonians will elect which of them will become the new Green Lantern of Sector 2813 and no one will know Kal-El was the ring's first choice. After that, Clark is reunited with Lois, who asks his help to cover the latest breaking story: Green Arrow's return to crime-fighting. Superman tries to contain the possessed Professor. Superman fights with Bryce. In Metropolis, Superman tries to contain Professor Bryce Gordon , who's been possessed by an evil spirit after he found a strange black diamond in Africa a few days ago, that has turned him into a violent monster. Tess informs him about the Professor and Superman tries not hurt him but he has to use force to battle him. Superman leaves to rescue Lois. Superman decides to end the fight by smashing the black diamond, shattering it to pieces. After that, the Professor gets back to normal but suddenly Superman hears Lois call for help and flies to Antarctica at super speed. He arrives in time to catch her just before the vortex pulls her in, but they're both caught in the rift just before it closes thanks to Michael Holt . Clark and Lois try to figure out what happened and where they are. In a parallel Earth, Superman and Lois emerge from the wormhole to find themselves in a destroyed Metropolis under siege by the Monitors. Superman takes Lois and they fly to a higher ground. Lois asks if they time-traveled but Clark says the rift they fell through was just like the one Chloe from Earth-2 crashed through. Clark then asks Lois why is she whispering and she says that this exactly the kind of place where you whisper, while also showing to him a man in a red and white costume, bound to the top of a building, similar to that of Daily Planet. Clark realizes they are lost in the Multiverse and Lois asks how are they going to return back but Clark says he doesn't know if they will, starring at the sky, which is full of the Monitors' ships. Superman fights the Manhunters. Superman and Lois are fighting some Manhunters, who are chasing them so they can kill them. After destroying some of them, Superman takes Lois and fly away escaping. Lois puzzles over why the Manhunters were hunting them given the fact that the Green Lanterns are their usual opponents but Clark says these robots were running on Bleed instead of Lantern energy, suggesting that the Monitors probably use them to deal with the "supers" and "metas" of each Earth while they move their ships into firing position. Lois then wonders where all the people of this Earth have gone and Clark after hearing some of them with his super-hearing heads to a church nearby. Clark and Lois find the survivors of this Earth. Superman asks the alternate Lois what happened on this Earth. Superman battles with the Manhunters once again. They enter the church and they find a group of people hiding in there and one of them, whom Clark identifies as the Jimmy Olsen of this Earth but in fact he is called Hank, tells them to immediately leave as according to him the "capes" are the reason most of the civilians are dead. Suddenly, the Lois Lane of this Earth appears among the people and tells Hank that they should let them stay because there is nowhere else they can go. A shocked Lois looks at her doppelganger while Superman asks her what happened. The alternate Lois says that she watched the Manhunters murder Mister Majestic, the superhero who was alternate Lois' lover and whose body was bound to the top of a building, along with every other hero. Superman then asks how did it started and alternate Lois explains that the Monitors put one ship on each side of the planet and they did something to Earth's core and it's only a matter of time until they destroy this Earth once and for all. Suddenly, the ships above Metropolis begin to fire and a worried Lois tells to Clark they need to get out of there immediately, in which he agrees. Superman hears gunshots from the church. Superman and Lois leave in search for the Fortress of Solitude. Superman is fighting with the Manhunters, preventing them from attacking the refugees. The Manhunters suddenly evacuate in preparation for the "purge," and Superman hears gunshots in the church. He returns and finds everyone but Lois dead, all as a result of self-inflicted gunshot wounds. Not being able to do anything more, Superman takes a shocked Lois and fly away, telling her this Earth also had a Kryptonian, in the form of Mister Majestic, and there is chance that his father built him an ice castle too. They then set off in search of this earth's equivalent of the Fortress of Solitude, as it is their only option. Superman and Lois try to stay alive. Clark watches the destruction of Earth-Majestic. Clark and Lois arrive at the Fortress. Superman flies with Lois, trying to escape the Bleed that is destroying everything in its path. Superman hopes that the Fortress can send them back to their Earth like it did with Clark Luthor. They reach the Fortress of Solitude, but this world's Jor-El is less than welcoming as he does not recognize Superman as his son, calling him an impostor, because he knows that he is already dead. Jor-El then locks Superman inside a golden crystal and Lois steps forward trying to reason with him, saying that he is making a mistake. Jor-El is surprised and asks her who is she who dares to question him and she says that she is Lois Lane. Clark and Lois moments before the transportation to another Earth. While Superman is imprisoned inside the golden crystal, the huge wave of Bleed approaches the Fortress, devouring everything in its path. After arguing with him, Lois manages to convince Jor-El to release Superman and help them travel to another parallel world. Jor-El tells to Lois everything he knows about the multiverse but he says he can not guarantee them they are going to end up back at their Earth and also asks her if she can take him with them as well. Lois says that they will take their chances in order to survive and then agrees to take Jor-El with them. Jor-El then downloads his consciousness in a crystal and teleports everyone somewhere else, moments before this Earth gets devoured by the Bleed. Clark and Lois on another parallel Earth. Superman and Lois, along with Jor-El's crystal, wake up on another parallel Earth, that's not in much better shape than the one they just left. This earth was attacked and seized by Apokolips and the two planets have collided with each other, leaving everything destroyed with wrecked Manhunters and skeletons of dead people with the Omega symbol on their forehead on the streets among the ruins. Clark and Jor-El talk about the Bleed and the multiverse. Clark comforts Lois about the fate of their home. Clark hears a faint sound and goes in search for its source. Superman talks with Jor-El, from the previous Earth they visited, in an effort to understand the bleed technology and the multiverse. Jor-El explains that Kryptonian scientists found the means of traveling through space via wormholes and accidentally stumbled unto the bleed technology which proved to be erratic and highly unstable as it appear to destroy whatever it came in contact with. Superman informs Jor-El that the Monitors somehow managed to harness the bleed and use it as means to travel to parallel worlds and destroy them. However, Earth-Omega wasn't destroyed by the Monitors; it was destroyed by something else. Upon returning to Lois, who has found a ship that might be still working, they have a brief moment of weakness in which Lois admits to him that seeing the amount of devastation upon these worlds caused by the Monitors, is almost too much to bear and she's worried about their own Earth. Superman reassures her he would do whatever it takes to insure that their Earth won't suffer the same fate. Suddenly Superman hears a very faint sound, similar to a heartbeat so together with Lois they head towards its source to find out what exactly it is. Lois and Superman encounter an unexpected foe. Superman and Lois eventually discover the source of the noise Clark heard. A dark figure calls to him from the rubble, saying on his Earth, Superman was known as Clark Kent. When Superman asks the figure how he know this, the figure turns and says they have fought each other in the past on Clark's native universe, and indicates that Superman had defeated him. The figure then reveals himself as Darkseid in his materialized form, saying that he never forgets a face. Superman makes a deal with Darkseid. Superman and Lois enter the ship. Superman and Lois talk to Darkseid. The ruler of Apokolips tells them that there isn't any other version of him in the multiverse, as there is only one Darkseid and until recently, he traveled to many universes to bring death and destruction. He also mentions the only reason Superman achieved to defeat him before was because he hadn't reached his full strength at the time. However, the Monitors succeeded to broke him, when he had already conquered this world. Superman then offers a deal to Darkseid, to help them board on one of the Monitors' ships flying overhead, and in return Clark will also give him something. Darkseid accepts the offer so, while Superman carries Lois and follows the Monitors' ship into the atmosphere, he fires his Omega beams towards the ship, opening its side door so Superman and Lois can get inside it just before the ship enters the Bleed. Once inside, they lay low while Monitors investigate the duo's forced entry, unaware that stowaways have entered the ship and fearing of Bleed contamination. They then proceed to go in search of a room called the "Orrery". Lois is concerned about the deal they made with Darkseid but Clark says he couldn't leave her behind. Superman is render unconscious by a blast of Bleed. Superman and Lois watch in horror as Lex suggests to The Monitors to re-make their universe. In Bleed space, Superman and Lois search for their Earth among a large number of dead ones. Lois places her hand in a machine that recognizes in which one she belongs and they find out that their home is still unharmed. Suddenly a Monitor appears, calling himself a Weaver, who has been trained since birth to manipulate the Bleed as a weapon, and declares that he is going to kill them like Superman killed one of their architects, Ray-Lan. Superman says to Lois he will try to make the Weaver hurt himself, as the Bleed can probably hurt him too. Just then, three more Weavers appear and they say that no one else from the multiple Earths has ever get aboard a Monitor's ship. Together, they render Superman unconscious. After Superman loses his senses and the Monitors take both him and Lois to a holding cell, until the Council decides their fate. After that, Superman wakes up and they suddenly start hearing a very familiar voice. That voice belongs to Lex Luthor, who suggests the Monitors, rather than razing his universe, simply "reboot" it. The Monitors sentence Superman to death. Superman is expelled into the Bleed. Superman fights his way back into the ship. The Monitors listen to Lex's proposal to reboot the universe. Superman interrupts his proposal, saying that what he is proposing is madness. Lex is surprised to see that Superman and Lois are still alive, as he was wondering where have they ended up. Lois calls him a monster but Lex insists he's the only one actually trying to save the world by reasoning with the Monitors. The Monitors end the transmission, saying they have much to discuss. Lois is shocked when she learns that the Monitors are actually going to consider Lex's offer. The Monitors then recognize Superman as the person who killed Ray-Lan, so they decide to sentence both of them to death so they won't be able to interfere again in their plans. They intend to kill Superman and Lois by jettisoning them into the Bleed, as no one can survive it, not even the Monitors. Superman says he can get them out of this situation, but Lois will have to trust him and let the Monitors kill him first. A wounded Superman enters the ship and goes to find Lois. Clark gets into the lifeboat with Lois. Superman allows himself to be put into a chamber, which the Monitors flood with Bleed. A tearful Lois watches him being expelled from the Monitors' vessel. However, despite the rigors of Bleed Space, Superman manages to return to the ship and force his way back in. He reenters just as Lois is about to be expelled from the ship as well. Lois gets aboard a lifeboat and escapes from the Monitors' ship but just before she leaves a wounded Superman appears and gets away with her. As they travel through the Bleed space they see an Earth, that feels like home. They return to their home universe and crash land in Tibet, where Lois holds an unconscious Clark in her arms, calling for help, but they're alone. Clark wakes up healed. Clark is ready to save the world. On the other side of the globe Clark wakes up fully healed but with a shredded costume, while some helps nurse him back to health marveling on how the sun healed him so fast. As he thanks the man, he overhears Lois calling the Watchtower, Tess Mercer informs them of the crisis in motion with cities around the world are all being affected, and Washington D.C., where Martha Kent as well as General Sam Lane are stationed, was hit first just like on the other Earth. Lois is worried that they are too late to stop it. Clark is optimistic and holding Lois, saying their is still a chance to stop this soaring telling her it is time to go 'Up, up and away'. Clark and Lois try to escape the blue Bleed. Across the Atlantic Ocean, Clark and Lois are almost home, watching the Monitors rebooting the universe which Lex convinced them to do as they break the water and air down to base elements and collecting it as they prepare to reassemble it, realizing Lex may have bought them some time to stop this. Clark wonders if Lois is ready to see this but Lois rationalize since they are possibly one of the last journalists, they have no choice. Lois wonders if her dad and his mom, along with everyone else in D.C. being vaporized is better than being terminated, Superman says he doesn't plan on finding out and would only take time to grieve if they can't save the day. However he tells tells her they need to focus because one of the ships releases a group of Manhunters on them. Clark asks the team to learn as more as they can about the Crisis. Superman and Lois finally arrive at Watchtower where Tess Mercer, Chloe and Oliver along with Batman, Nightwing Martian Manhunter, Supergirl, Jay Garrick and his team of teenagers. Clark tells Chloe, Tess and Bruce to find out everything from one of the Manhunters he destroyed about the Crisis, because more ships are on their way. As Batman starts to examine the crumpled Manhunter head he wonders where are they going, Clark grimly says everywhere. Clark wants no causalities in their upcoming war. Bruce and Clark sit in the Kents' apartment to figure out a game plan. Bruce is angered when he finds out about Lex Luthor's machinations but he distracts himself by revealing what he has extracted from the Manhunter head. Bruce points out that the Manhunters can be hurt but the Crisis is not something Superman can just punch away. Clark asks Bruce if they will be able to stop the crisis without either side having any casualties but Bruce remains uncomfortably silent. He then says to Clark to put on another pot of coffee. Clark gets ready for war. Clark gathers the team. Soon Clark gathers all of the heroes onto his rooftop and gives them the lowdown. They can distract the Manhunters with physical attacks while Watchtower leads an evacuation to the heartland. If the distraction they provide fails everyone will die or be 'rebooted', but if they win everything will stay as it was and how they all remember the world. Clark tells them to say goodbye to their loved ones and suit up ready for war. Lois and Clark discuss the team's plan. In Watchtower, Lois Lane has enlisted for the team's mission and is having a heart to heart with Clark before gearing up and discussing the plan. Lois explains that while the superheroes will fight the Manhunters, she will sneak inside the Monitors' ship and upload a virus that would get the control of their networking systems. Clark then reveals he has to turn to the only human on Earth capable of helping their plan succeed and that is Lex Luthor. The two men agree to work together. Superman meets Lex Luthor. Confronting Lex he makes a correct assumption that Luthor had quietly mapped the Monitor and Manhunter systems during his machinations with them. Lex is impressed with Superman's intelligence and points out he has done just that. Due to his dealings, instead of a Red bleed his organizing a reshuffling Blue bleed has bought them time and that Superman has to agree to a temporary truce in order for everyone on Earth to succeed. The two men then shake hands, with Lex revealing he knows that if Lois is harmed it will likely mean his undoing either from the reboot or at Superman's hands. The heroes help Lois and Lex get inside the ship. Superman delivers a rousing speech to the heroes. The other Earths might have been erased or rebooted but they are determined for their Earth to survive and their continuity to continue. With that Superman, Luthor and all of Earth's heroes attack the incoming Manhunters. The plan goes into overdrive and the attack is immediately full on. They may be on a zero fatality mission but the Manhunters are not and Superman makes it clear if they are hit, they die. The powerhouses are stuck with their specific missions, Superman and Supergirl are clearing a path for Lois and Lex. Superman helps Lex escape. Pods land in Metropolis releasing Monitors as all the older heroes form an army to fight them, Superman arrives with Lois and asks Tess if their backup plan worked. Tess confirms that a second virus was planted in Lex Luthor's battlesuit. As a hull rips open Superman is there to aid his escape and Lex is relieved that at least they are honorable. Superman, Supergirl and Martian Manhunter try to hold the pod. Superman spots the pod approaching Earth, feelings of sheer horror aside, he, Kara and J'onn try to stop the pod from hitting its target. Even with their combined might the pod overcomes them and speeds beyond them breaking the sound barrier. All the heroes race to the Watchtower but are too late to stop the destruction as the pod crashes into the side and it begins to crumble to dust. A tearful Clark pours on the speed as Ollie cries out. Superman is shocked to see a red tornado explode from the rubble landing Chloe safely on the ground. John and Aya protect everyone with an emerald bubble shield as Superman approaches with a devastated Ollie but as the dust clears Chloe is unharmed and joined by Tess (In her new Red Tornado form). Lois and Ollie hug Chloe while Tess takes Superman aside to explain how she manufactured her new android body also telling Superman about how the Monitors had sent the pod to deliberately sever the virus they had and the link to their network. Superman asks Tess what was in the pod just as something smashes its way out of the rubble. Clark utters some rousing words as the heroes swear to fight together now and forever against this threat. Batman is proving a weak link in the fight with the Monitor warriors. Clark tells him to fall back, get Lois and Chloe to safety and try to re-establish the link to the Monitors' ship. With might of astounding levels Clark soars upwards then smashes the warrior to a wheezing wreck. Clark tells him to pass a message on to his masters than no more blood will be shed. The Omega Monitor launches a series of cables that capture Superman. The warrior points out that if Superman is broken then the will of his 'Justice League' will too. Instead of passing the message Superman instructed the Omega Monitor orders the orbiting ship to triangulate his position and fire with all their might. Clark cries out refusing to be rebooted but the Omega Monitor laughs wheezily that he no longer has a choice. Superman fights the Blue Bleed. Superman, meanwhile is in trouble as he becomes a phantom watching events of his life play backwards. As he is tormented by this Arrow, Wonder Woman, and Supergirl arrive to see him reflect the reboot energy back at the craft it came from. Superman's counter attack disrupts their network long enough for Tess to reconect. Superman orders Tess to control the ships to fire on everything except the collector and reconstruction ships. The Justice League decides on the Monitor's fate. The League stands in the Fortress standing judgment over the female Monitor. The universe is now back to normal though all that died is still dead. The female Monitor asks to die but J'onn points out that Clark would never kill anyone. The League then decides to send the Monitor to the Phantom Zone. Arrow asks Clark what they do now the threat is over, Clark smiles and tells him that we should, endure, survive and live our lives and with that though on their minds they all race off. The Justice League members are finally recognized as heroes. Three weeks later LexCorp holds a major press confrence and Lex introduces the public to a new monument built on the former Watchtower site. In a massive turnout Lex publicly admits that if it weren't for the heroes of earth the universe would be lost. Then Superman makes a speech that is broadcast all over the world. As the tarp falls away it reveals a stunning bronze statue of the Justice League. As Lois helps Clark move out of the Bullpen into his new office the two receive simultaneous text messages and race out arm in arm at super speed. And so we arrive at hospital just after the birth of Chloe and Ollie's baby. Ollie of course gifting the young boy with a baby sized bow. The Justice League welcomes a new family member. Lois and Clark are shocked to be named God Parents and coo over the new addition. Clark remembering the losses they have suffered over the years is truly touched to meet a new life brought into the fold and even more so when they reveal the baby's name to be Jonathan. Clark and Lois share a kiss. This is a job for Superman. Later Lois and Clark sharing a bath look back at their recent achievements and look forward to a little downtime. Lois jumps out of the bath straight into a jumpsuit strapping on a parachute as Clark suits up in his costume. The two fly out into the night directly in front of a full moon embracing, soaring through the sky. Tess radios in to 'Boy Scout' about a tsunami in India so Lois dashes landward with her parachute leaving Clark to do his thing. Tess tells Clark that he has only three minutes to stop the disaster but he has one request - no more 'Boy Scout' as a codename, saying that this looks like a job for Superman. Clark's Vision See: Clark Kent Chaos (Earth-Majestic) Mister Majestic was his world's greatest superhero until the Monitors came to destroy it. The Manhunters , who are running on Bleed and serve the Monitors, arrived on Earth and murdered all of its heroes along with Majestic, in front of the eyes of his lover,  Lois Lane . After his death, his corpse was hanged on top of a building. He also had a Fortress of Solitude as well as an artificial intelligence with the consciousness of his biological father, who after Majestic's death was grieving for the loss of his son. In the Comics New 52 Clark Kent from baby to Superman. Superman was the original superhero, innovating the genre with his first appearance in Action Comics #1 in 1938. Although the creators of Smallville keep the spirit of the character intact, there are notable differences between the character depicted on Smallville, and the character as he appears in the source material. Throughout the Silver Age of comics from the late 1950's through the mid-1970's, Clark began his super-hero career as a teenager going by the identity of Superboy, along with his animal sidekick Krypto the Superdog. Clark would have many adventures both solo and with the Legion of Super-Heroes , until graduating high school and moving to Metropolis. However, following the events of 1985's Crisis on Infinite Earths crossover event in the Modern Age of comics, this history was wiped clean in favor of a new version of the origin, 1986's The Man of Steel, by writer/artist John Byrne. This story would form the origin of the character for nearly 20 years. Superman's costume in the comics during the New 52 era. In most versions of Superman's origin , Clark Kent leaves Smallville immediately after completing high school, and goes to college in Metropolis before spending time traveling the world. After a year or so of traveling, Superman arrives in Metropolis with the created persona of Clark Kent (bumbling, with glasses) in his mid-twenties as a reporter for the Daily Planet . The relationship with Lana Lang has no melodramatic hardships, Lex Luthor and Clark were only friends for a short while, and Clark did not meet members of his future rogues' gallery (such as Brainiac or Toyman ) or his future allies until after he established himself as Superman. In a major contrast with the show, Clark is often depicted in the comics as gaining the ability of flight as an adolescent while still living in Smallville, well before he completed high school. Superman as he appeared in publication before the Relaunch. Superman's character has seen dramatic changes based on different eras of the comics. Clark's adoptive human father, Jonathan Kent , is shown both dying before Clark's emergence as Superman, as well as staying alive as a supporting character. Most media adaptations of the character (save for Lois & Clark , Ruby Spears' Superman and Superman: The Animated Series ) favor the death of Jonathan. Jonathan Kent recently died in Action Comics at the conclusion of Geoff Johns and Gary Frank 's Brainiac story arc, as Pa Kent suffers a fatal heart attack after saving his wife from an onslaught by Brainiac. Clark's Family (Lois & Jon) After the onset of the "New 52" in 2011, Clark loses both of his adoptive parents before becoming Superman. Said version of Superman, however, been dropped after the relaunch of "Rebirth" and brought back to normal, in favor of his previous incarnation (The Post-Crisis one.) In the process both he and Lois are bestowed a precious gift with a child of their own whom they name Jonathan Samuel Kent after his own father and Lois', Jon has recently learned of his true lingage and that his kryptonian powers are emerging as he get's older now currently in his eight age, he's taking up the cape himself under the handle of Superboy under the watchful eye of his parents. Superman's current costume after the relaunch. Also, based on different eras and interpretations, the source material usually shows either Clark Kent or Superman as the dominant personality. The modern comics favor Clark Kent as the main identity, who created the Superman persona as a way to be free of worry in regards to his friends and family, as well as to maintain some facets of a "normal life." A Smallville reference in the background in Superman/Batman #73. In most comics and cartoons, unlike Smallville, the idea of a superhero team (such as the Justice League of America ) was originally Superman's. He felt that most of the Earth's problems could be handled best if people chose to unite their abilities to serve the greater good . Trivia

i don't know

To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick?

Herman Melville Herman Melville Usually ships 2-3 business days after receipt of order. Quantity Volume 2, 1851-1891 Hershel Parker Winner of the Association of American Publishers Professional and Scholarly Publishing Award for Biography and Autobiography Selected by Choice Magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title for 2003 The first volume of Hershel Parker's definitive biography of Herman Melville—a finalist for the 1997 Pulitzer Prize—closed on a mid-November day in 1851. In the dining room of the Little Red Inn in Lenox, Massachusetts, Melville had just presented an inscribed copy of his new novel, Moby-Dick, to his intimate friend, Nathaniel Hawthorne, the man to whom the work was dedicated. "Take it all in all," Parker concluded, "this was the happiest day of Melville's life." Herman Melville: A Biography, Volume 2, 1851-1891 chronicles Melville's life in rich detail, from this ecstatic moment to his death, in obscurity, forty years later. Parker describes the malignity of reviewers and sheer bad luck that doomed Moby-Dick to failure (and its author to prolonged indebtedness), the savage reviews he received for his next book Pierre, and his inability to have the novel The Isle of the Cross—now lost—published at all. Melville turned to magazine fiction, writing the now-classic "Bartleby" and "Benito Cereno," and produced a final novel, The Confidence Man, a mordant satire of American optimism. Over his last three decades, while working as a customs inspector in Manhattan, Melville painstakingly remade himself as a poet, crafting the centennial epic Clarel, in which he sorted out his complex feelings for Hawthorne, and the masterful story "Billy Budd," originally written as a prose headnote to an unfinished poem. Through prodigious archival research into hundreds of family letters and diary entries, newly discovered newspaper articles, and marginalia from books that Melville owned, Parker vividly recreates the last four decades of Melville's life, episode after episode unknown to previous biographers. The concluding volume of Herman Melville: A Biography confirms Hershel Parker's position as the world's leading Melville scholar, demonstrating his unrivaled biographical, literary, and historical imagination and providing a rich new portrait of a great—and profoundly American—artist. Hershel Parker is the author of Flawed Texts and Verbal Icons and Reading "Billy Budd"; co-editor, with Harrison Hayford, of the landmark 1967 Norton Critical Edition of Moby-Dick, wholly revised in 2001; and Associate General Editor of the Northwestern-Newberry edition of The Writings of Herman Melville. He lives in Morro Bay, California. "Parker's impressive scholarship and a vigorous analysis are cause for celebration. Too often reviewers misuse the word 'definitive'; not so in this case. The meticulous Parker has practically reconstructed Melville's DNA and in doing so has rendered American literature a signal service. Parker recounts Melville's chronic bad luck, epic writing binges, failed lectures, surreal visions and troubled marriage. It's a saga of genius refusing to be derailed. But Parker unearths a plethora of new material, including previously unknown family correspondence and even the title and plot of Melville's long-lost novel, The Isle of the Cross." — Douglas Brinkley - Los Angeles Times Book Review "Through prodigious archival research, Parker creates a compelling narrative out of the last forty years of Melville's life, as he struggled with the spectre of failure... It is unlikely that a more searching or truthful biography of Melville will appear in the foreseeable future; the two volumes Parker has now published on one of America's finest writers are not only the fullest account we have of him but, quite probably, the final word." — Richard Gray - Literary Review "Hershel Parker set out to write the biography to end all biographies of Herman Melville, a book in which everything that could be known about the writer would be pieced out and put on record... Parker's first volume ends with Melville relishing the fruit of his impetuousness; the second shows him learning its price... Parker tells this story with a thoroughness that is scarcely to be believed... On tour de force is his reconstruction of the composition of Pierre... Equally interesting are Parker's surmises about works Melville never published that did not survive... Parker's other achievement is his reconstruction of Melville's family life... Parker's book has much to teach. In addition to the many episodes that he fills in or sets straight, he reminds us just how problematic writing was for Melville, how shrouded it was in personal risk and cost—and how stubbornly he kept at this work, even late in life, when he did it almost wholly in private... Parker also deserves credit for filling in the darker half of Melville's life without making it a melodrama of misunderstood genius... What we cannot know, but the main thing this book makes us wonder, is what different life Melville might have led and what different work he might have done if his talents had met with a different reception." — Richard H. Brodhead - New York Times Book Review "Melville's is a familiar story, but never before has it been told in such detailed complexity. An author praised initially for all the wrong reasons ( Typee is far more than the adventure story and travel book it was taken to be), and then rejected for still worse ones, now emerges with a new clarity... His was, indeed, a posthumous life, but, thanks to Hershel Parker, one now more completely revealed in its personal triumphs and disasters." — Christopher Bigsby - Times Literary Supplement "The massive biography of Melville by Hershel Parker is an astonishing achievement. In two volumes of some two thousand large and tightly printed pages, Parker has overcome many of the obstacles that have stood, until now, in the way of a full-scale life... Parker has given every student of Melville a great gift—an incomparable sourcebook that will be plundered for years... This [the second volume] is a more powerful book than its predecessor—and sometimes it is downright gripping... An enormously illuminating account of... the context in which Herman Melville lived and worked... One is grateful for Parker's 'more than several pages.'." — Andrew Delbanco - New Republic "For 40 years, Parker has been charting the seas of Melville's life, chasing down allusions and illusions... His quest yields some important discoveries... This is a biographical masterwork about a rare literary genius." — Daniel Dyer - Cleveland Plain Dealer "With immense sympathy, Parker relates how Melville's intellectual growth resulted in his writing novels that were increasingly obscure to his ever-diminishing readership, and how, in his early 30s, as a husband and a father of four, his repeated failures curdled his spirit and caused him to withdraw into himself... Parker's telling makes a Greek tragedy of Melville's life after Moby-Dick, which included the suicide of his son Malcolm and the death of his young son Stanwix, his thankless work at the New York Custom House, his victimization at the hands of the Harper brothers, and his sinking into obscurity before his death... This definitive work, together with the first volume, is essential for every library." — Library Journal (starred review) "Such perseverance and painstaking historical detail surely make this biography the last word on Melville... For those who can't get enough of Melville—and they are a sizeable minority—this truly monumental achievement is the perfect book." — Publishers Weekly "The misery of [Melville's later] years is underscored by the most authoritative account of them ever: Herman Melville, A Biography, Volume 2, 1851-1891, by Hershel Parker. The book is 1,000 pages long, a generous monument of research that lovingly details Melville's reading and his family's activities, and seeks to uplift his poetry." — Philip Weiss - New York Observer "Parker has constructed from his sources a painstaking chronology of Melville's life, practically on a day-by-day basis. To this, he adds a passion for Melville—both the brilliant works and the beleaguered man. And there are flashes of humor... Not all biographical subjects merit this level of attention. There's no disputing that Melville, one of America's greatest writers, does. Clearly, this monumental biography will prove indispensable to scholars and serious students of Melville. It contains much that may prove fascinating to the general reader as well." — Martin Rubin - San Francisco Chronicle "[Parker's] exhaustive research yields a wealth of fresh information about Melville's life... We see in rich detail the comings and goings of Melville and his family, the vagaries of his literary reputation, and his shifting moods." — David S. Reynolds - Journal of American History "The publication of the second volume of Hershel Parker's biography of Herman Melville brings to a close an enterprise of archival and critical scholarship that has lasted forty years—nearly as long as Melville's writing career." — Danny Karlin - London Review of Books "Unquestionably the most searching biography ever written on Herman Melville." — Philip Weiss - Debra DeLaet

Nathaniel Hawthorne

"Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in ""France?"

‘Moby-Dick’ author’s secret mistress was his white whale who inspired the book | New York Post ‘Moby-Dick’ author’s secret mistress was his white whale who inspired the book Modal Trigger Sarah Morewood and Herman Melville Getty Images When he was only 32, Herman Melville put a bullet in his career, writing a novel so outrageous (incest was one theme) that reviewers thought he had gone insane. “Pierre” was such a disaster that he made just $157 from it, which was only a little worse than the earnings from his previous flop — “Moby-Dick,” published the year before. Though he lived another 40 years, the world so completely forgot him that one of his few obituaries in 1891 remarked, “Even his own generation has long thought him dead.” “It’s not a stretch to say that the author’s own white whale was a love that would sink his career as surely as Ahab’s voyage is destroyed by a mad pursuit across oceans.” The early demise of Melville’s career — he wasn’t rediscovered until the 1920s — has been one of the most enduring mysteries of American literature. How did such a promising young writer end up a forgotten old man who hadn’t published a novel in decades? The short answer is love, and the key to the mystery is his secret relationship with a woman rarely mentioned by his biographers — Sarah Morewood. She was his great passion, a woman for whom he was willing to risk everything. This love became an inspiration for Captain Ahab’s obsessive madness in “Moby-Dick.” The couple met in the Berkshires of Massachusetts in August 1850. Both were unhappily married; Melville to a judge’s dutiful but unexceptional daughter, and Sarah to a wealthy Englishman whose greatest love was his business in New York. A young poet of 27 with raven hair and dark, penetrating eyes, Sarah enchanted Melville from the start. In a few weeks he astonished his wife by suddenly insisting they abandon their comfortable home in Manhattan to move immediately to the Berkshires, where Sarah lived independently in a colonial mansion on a large estate. Borrowing thousands he would never be able to repay, Melville bought the farm adjoining Mrs. Morewood’s and — like a man possessed — began clearing a path through the woods to her door. They rode horses together, went on picnics, boating excursions and long walks in the woods. Indulging in costume parties, they dressed as characters from their favorite books and stayed up until 1 in the morning drinking Champagne. They exchanged expensive gifts — including a present from Sarah of two flasks of cologne, which prompted Melville to tell her that she was the “most considerate of all the delicate roses that diffuse their blessed perfume among men.” Each year, the New Bedford Whaling Museum holds a reading of Melville’s classic novel, “Moby-Dick.”AP Near the anniversary of their first meeting, Melville completed “Moby-Dick” in a frenzied rush. To celebrate, Sarah organized at her own expense a trip to the summit of Mount Greylock — the highest point in Massachusetts — where she and Melville spent the night with a few friends under the summer stars, treating themselves to brandy cherries and drinking rum and port wine while the author’s pregnant wife slept alone 15 miles away. Sarah daringly compared the night to one spent in Sodom, thinking of herself as she descended the mountain as “Lot’s wife, casting many a lingering look behind.” To remain next to his “goddess” and his “beautiful Lady of Paradise,” as Melville called Sarah, he needed to make a small fortune from “Moby-Dick.” It was the greatest gamble of his life, and that sense of a desperate but thrilling risk to win your heart’s desire at any cost is everywhere in “Moby-Dick.” It’s not a stretch to say that the author’s own white whale was a love that would sink his career as surely as Ahab’s voyage is destroyed by a mad pursuit across oceans. When “Moby-Dick” was published in 1851 to bad reviews and terrible sales, the financial setback left Melville dependent on his wife’s family. He lashed out at the literary world for failing to appreciate his masterpiece and for undermining his grand ambition to enjoy his Berkshire paradise with his secret goddess. Then in “Pierre,” his wild efforts to describe a forbidden love affair were a partial attempt to convey his love for Sarah, but out of bitterness he made the book so strange and inaccessible that it became a kind of career suicide note. So why did it take 150 years for the story of this tumultuous affair to be revealed? For years Melville’s mostly male biographers and critics refused to take Sarah seriously as a love interest, ignoring her because she seemed on the surface merely a rich “socialite” unworthy of the great writer. They were so convinced that Melville must have moved to the Berkshires because Nathaniel Hawthorne lived there for one year that they never wondered why, after Hawthorne left, Melville stayed another dozen, clinging to his debt-ridden farm. The answer, of course, is that Sarah was there for that whole time, right up to her death from tuberculosis at age 40. Brokenhearted, Melville then returned to New York to live out the rest of his life in obscurity. Occasionally, a vision of his lost love would come to him, and in one poem from his old age set at their favorite lake in the Berkshires, he describes Sarah as a beautiful ghost trying to comfort him in the grip of his undying obsession, whispering just two words in his ear: “Let go.”

i don't know

What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name?

Scarlett Name Meaning & Origin | Baby Name Wizard Scarlett Name Meaning & Origin US Popularity of Scarlett Over Time Sister & Brother Names Know a Scarlett? What are her siblings named? Enter Sibling Name F Age Share what you know! Personal experiences with the name Scarlett: | Edit My Cousins Name is Scarlett, we're fairly close but she is incredibly stuck up about it. She's decide that Scarlett is the most regal name possible. We all call her Lettie most of the time, but she insists on being introduced to people as Scarlett, and pretty much tells people that she's the Queen of life. My name is Scarlett, and I'm named after my mother's best friend Scarlett. I have red hair so people think I was named for my hair, but I wasn't. I'm 45, and when I was a kid people always made fun of my name and 80% of the teachers called me Charlotte because they couldn't remember "Scarlett". During graduate school I worked in a bookstore and I used to wear a name tag that said "Emma", because the jokes about my name were annoying. I was so excited when Scarlett Johansson became famous, because she made the name Scarlett seem exotic and beautiful. We named our daughter Scarlett Evelyn. We had tossed the name around for a few months and settled on Trinity Elise instead, but when I was pregnant with her, I felt her kicking very strongly and I knew she was going to be feisty. I knew that there was no way she could be anything other than a Scarlett. And nowadays, the name suits her perfectly! My daughter's name is Scarlett Eloise. Eloise is my middle name. My husband and I love the colour red so we thought the name would be fitting. We also wanted a name that started with S because our other daughter's name is Sabrina. I think Scarlett is a beautiful, classic name and it suits our little girl. My name is Scarlett and I have enjoyed growing up with the name. It is unique and people compliment me on it. The only downside is that I am very often called Charlotte and that gets frustrating. It is also infuriating when people spell it with one 't'. Once I correct someone, though, they usually don't forget again. Starbucks is also a nightmare. I have even gotten "Starlet". I also hate the choice of nicknames. My sisters call me Scarlie. I hate the nickname Scar! People will sometimes tease me about it but overall it is a great name. Nicknames for Scarlett: | Edit Scatt Meanings and history of the name Scarlett: | Edit Originated from an English and Irish surname, as explained in "Gone With the Wind" ("There were the Scarletts who had fought with the Irish Volunteers for a free Ireland and been hanged for their pains.") It was an occupation name given those who dealt in scarlet, a type of fine and expensive woolen cloth, in medieval times. Scarlet actually was made in many colors, but the most popular was carmine red; this popularity also gave the cloth's name to a word for bright red, "scarlet", still used today. Scarlet was comparatively elastic due to the technique of twisting the yarn in weaving it, and was often used for stockings and tights. The character Will Scarlett in "Robin Hood" also got his surname from this occupation. Famous real-life people named Scarlett: | Edit Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (b. 1984) - American actress Scarlett Noel Pomers (b. 1988) - American actress Scarlett Leithold (b. 1999) - American model Scarlett in song, story & screen: | Edit Scarlett O'Hara, heroine of Margaret Mitchell's novel "Gone With the Wind". Her full name was actually Katie Scarlett O'Hara, in honor of her paternal grandmother Katie Scarlett. Scarlett, eccentric friend of Hugh Grant's character in film "Four Weddings and a Funeral" ("My name's Scarlett, like O'Hara, only less trouble ...") Someone Like You - Sarah Dessen - One of the main characters is called Scarlett Scarlett, beautiful main character in the story L.A. Candy by Lauren Conrad Scarlett, name of main character from Cathy Cassidy's book "Scarlett", a rebellious redhead

Katie

How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island?

Actress Who Played Scarlett O'Hara's Daughter in Movie Dies | Fox News Actress Who Played Scarlett O'Hara's Daughter in Movie Dies Published September 03, 2010 Facebook 0 Twitter 0 livefyre Email Print In this Jan. 25, 2006 photo, Ann-Marie Johnson, National First Vice President of the Screen Actors Guild second from right, joins Gone With the Wind cast, from left: Ann Rutherford, Cammie King Conlon, Mickey Kuhn, Patrick Curtis and Fred Crane to celebrate actress Hattie McDaniel's stamp. (AP)  (AP2006) Cammie King Conlon, the former child actress who portrayed the doomed daughter of Rhett Butler and Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone With the Wind," has died at the age of 76. She died of lung cancer Wednesday morning at her Fort Bragg home on California's north coast, said friend Bruce Lewis. Her son, Matthew Ned Conlon, was by her side. Conlon was picked to play the small, but pivotal role of Bonnie Blue Butler in the 1939 Civil War epic at age 4. Her character's death in a fall from a pony irrevocably damages Rhett and Scarlett's tumultuous marriage. Conlon also voiced the young doe Faline in Walt Disney's "Bambi" three years later. It would be her final film role. "My mother decided she wanted me to have a normal childhood," she wrote on her blog, which talked about her brief career and a memoir she published last year on her "Gone With the Wind" experience. She often joked with interviewers that she had "peaked at 5." The Los Angeles native graduated from the University of Southern California with a degree in communications and spent two years editing California Pictorial magazine. She moved to Mendocino County 30 years ago, working as director of the Kelly House museum and as a publicist for the Mendocino Coast Chamber of Commerce and the Little River Inn. Conlon stayed in touch with her "Gone With the Wind" family. On Sunday night, she took a call from Olivia de Havilland, who played Scarlett's sweet-hearted nemesis Melanie in the film, her son said. "It's amazing because she is so much more than Bonnie Blue Butler, but ... that is what she is remembered for, and it's a pretty great thing to be remembered for," Matthew Conlon said. "Nobody told it better than Mom -- when you debut in 'Gone with the Wind,' it's downhill." She told the Santa Rosa Press Democrat last year that she had few clear memories of her time on the studio lot that served as the set for the fictional plantation Tara. One was watching her stunt double for the pony scene, a male dwarf, smoking a cigarette while dressed in a reproduction of her riding habit costume. Another was being scratched by Clark Gable's mustache in the scene where Rhett Butler hugs and kisses his cherished daughter. "As the years have gone by, I realize it's an honor, and it's so humbling," she had said. "I had nothing to do with it. I was 5. They said 'Stand here. Do this.' And yet it's resulted in this incredible experience." Conlon spent much her adult life gamely reprising her Bonnie Blue days for "Gone With the Wind" enthusiasts. She appeared at parades, retrospectives, museum exhibits and anniversary celebrations for the film in both Georgia , where the movie was set, and in California. Just last year, she donned her hoop skirt and petticoat again to visit a middle school that was studying the Civil War. "It wasn't her whole life, but she had a lot of fun with it," Lewis said. Conlon is survived by her son and a daughter, Katie Conlon Byrne. A memorial service is planned for next week in Fort Bragg. Another will be held in Los Angeles on Sept. 22 and a third at a later date in Marietta, Ga., home of the Gone With the Wind Museum. Advertisement

i don't know

"What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, ""The Godfather"". even though this word was the working title of the book?"

literature pg 1 1. WHO WAS CLARK KENT'S HIGH SCHOOL SWEETHEART? A LANA LANG 2. JOHN CLAYTON JR WAS THE CHILDHOOD NAME OF WHAT WELL KNOWN FICTIONAL CHARACTER? A TARZAN 3. WHAT WAS TARZAN'S TITLE? A. LORD GREYSTOKE 4. WHAT ONE WORD WAS INTENTIONALLY LEFT OUT OF THE MOVIE VERSION OF MARIO PUZO'S NOVEL THE GODFATHER, EVEN THOUGH THIS WORD WAS THE WORKING TITLE OF THE BOOK? A. MAFIA 5. WHO WROTE THE GODFATHER? A. MARIO PUZO 6. WHO SAID A MAN MUST DO THESE 4 THINGS IN HIS LIFE TO DEMONSTRATE HIS MANHOOD : PLANT A TREE, FIGHT A BULL, WRITE A BOOK AND HAVE A SON? A ERNEST HEMINGWAY 7. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE POEM WHICH APPEARS ON THE PEDESTAL OF THE STATUE OF LIBERTY? A. THE NEW COLOSSUS 8. WHO WROTE THE POEM THE NEW COLOSSUS THAT APPEARS ON THE PEDESTAL OF THE STATUE OF LIBERTY? A. EMMA LAZARUS 9. MEN AGAINST THE SEA, AND PITCAIRNES ISLAND ARE SEQUELS TO WHAT FAMOUS NOVEL? A. MUTINY ON THE BOUNTY 10. WHAT NOVEL CONTAINS THE LONGEST SENTENCE IN LITERATURE? A. LES MISERABLES 823 WORDS 11. WHO WROTE LES MISERABLES? A. VICTOR HUGO 12. WHAT COUPLE LIVE NEXT DOOR TO BLONDIE AND DAGWOOD BUMSTEAD? A. HERB AND TOOTSIE WOODLEY 13. WHAT IS THE ONLY NOVEL TO TOP THE BEST SELLER'S LIST FOR 2 CONSECUTIVE YEARS? A. JONATHON LIVINGSTON SEAGULL 14. WHAT CLASSIC GOTHIC NOVEL OF 1818 WAS SUBTITLED "THE MODERN PROMETHEUS"? A. FRANKENSTEIN 15. WHO WAS THE LONE RANGER'S GREAT GRAND NEPHEW? A THE GREEN HORNET 16. WILLIAM MOULTON MARSTON, INVENTOR OF THE POLYGRAPH, ALSO CREATED A FAMOUS COMIC BOOK HERO, WHO WAS IT? A. WONDER WOMAN 17. "LAST NIGHT I DREAMT I WENT TO MANDERLEY AGAIN" IS THE FIRST LINE OF WHAT NOVEL? A. REBECCA 18. WHAT IS THE ACTUAL TITLE OF LEONARDO DAVINCI'S "MONA LISA"? A. LA GIOCONDA 19. IN LONGFELLOW'S FAMOUS POEM "THE SONG OF HIAWATHA" WHAT WAS THE NAME OF HIAWATHA'S WIFE? A. MINNEHAHA 20. IN LONGFELLOW'S FAMOUS POEM "THE SONG OF HIAWATHA" WHAT WAS THE NAME OF HIAWATHA'S MOTHER? A. NOKOMIS 21. "THE TEMPERATURE HIT 90 THE DAY SHE ARRIVED" WAS THE OPENING LINE TO ONE OF THE BEST SELLING NOVELS EVER. WHAT WAS IT? A. VALLEY OF THE DOLLS 22. WHO WAS THE FIRST WRITER TO INCORPORATE HIMSELF? A EDGAR RICE BURROUGHS 23. WHAT IS THE NATIVE COUNTRY OF AGATHA CHRISTIE'S DETECTIVE HERCULE POIROT? A. BELGIUM 24. IN THE ROBIN HOOD STORIES, WHAT IS THE REAL NAME OF LITTLE JOHN? A JOHN LITTLE 25. WHAT WAS SCARLETT OHARA'S REAL FIRST NAME? A. KATIE

Mafia

In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner?

Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com Gisel questions1 What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? horton Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? lana lang What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? "A study in scarlet" To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? nathanial hawthorne What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? phyllis Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in "France? sebastian melmoth What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? katie How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island? 24|twenty four George G. Moppet was the father of what comic strip character? littlee lulu What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, "The Godfather". even though this word was the working title of the book? mafia In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner? lothar What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm? nepoleon Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character? dick tracy In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban? punjab The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public? jaws What famous American writer was granted a patent for a best-selling book that contained no words? mark twain The Emerald City was the working title of which classic novel? "The wonderful wizard of oz" What book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he killed John Lennon on 12/8/80? catcher in the rye In the 1953 biopic about the famous Houdini who played the starring role? tony curtis O'Hare International airport is in which city? chicago Rap originated In what country? usa|united states After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declared war on which country? japan What was the movie "Twister "about? tornados What is the name of the prehistoric town in which The Flintstones live? bedrock Barbie dolls were first made in which 20th-century decade? 50's|50s|1950s American supermarkets introduced what kind of codes in the mid 70s? barcodes|bar codes How many carats is pure gold? 24|twentyfour|twenty four Carlos Estevez is better known as whom? charlie sheen A 2000 year old, life size terracotta army was discovered in which country? china How long did the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 last? 6 days|six days RAW Paste Data What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? horton Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? lana lang What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? "A study in scarlet" To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? nathanial hawthorne What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? phyllis Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in "France? sebastian melmoth What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? katie How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island? 24|twenty four George G. Moppet was the father of what comic strip character? littlee lulu What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, "The Godfather". even though this word was the working title of the book? mafia In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner? lothar What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm? nepoleon Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character? dick tracy In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban? punjab The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public? jaws What famous American writer was granted a patent for a best-selling book that contained no words? mark twain The Emerald City was the working title of which classic novel? "The wonderful wizard of oz" What book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he killed John Lennon on 12/8/80? catcher in the rye In the 1953 biopic about the famous Houdini who played the starring role? tony curtis O'Hare International airport is in which city? chicago Rap originated In what country? usa|united states After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declared war on which country? japan What was the movie "Twister "about? tornados What is the name of the prehistoric town in which The Flintstones live? bedrock Barbie dolls were first made in which 20th-century decade? 50's|50s|1950s American supermarkets introduced what kind of codes in the mid 70s? barcodes|bar codes How many carats is pure gold? 24|twentyfour|twenty four Carlos Estevez is better known as whom? charlie sheen A 2000 year old, life size terracotta army was discovered in which country? china How long did the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 last? 6 days|six days

i don't know

What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm?

SparkNotes: Animal Farm: Character List Character List Plot Overview Analysis of Major Characters Napoleon -  The pig who emerges as the leader of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Based on Joseph Stalin, Napoleon uses military force (his nine loyal attack dogs) to intimidate the other animals and consolidate his power. In his supreme craftiness, Napoleon proves more treacherous than his counterpart, Snowball. Read an in-depth analysis of Napoleon. Snowball -  The pig who challenges Napoleon for control of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Based on Leon Trotsky, Snowball is intelligent, passionate, eloquent, and less subtle and devious than his counterpart, Napoleon. Snowball seems to win the loyalty of the other animals and cement his power. Read an in-depth analysis of Snowball. Boxer -  The cart-horse whose incredible strength, dedication, and loyalty play a key role in the early prosperity of Animal Farm and the later completion of the windmill. Quick to help but rather slow-witted, Boxer shows much devotion to Animal Farm’s ideals but little ability to think about them independently. He naïvely trusts the pigs to make all his decisions for him. His two mottoes are “I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right.” Read an in-depth analysis of Boxer. Squealer -  The pig who spreads Napoleon’s propaganda among the other animals. Squealer justifies the pigs’ monopolization of resources and spreads false statistics pointing to the farm’s success. Orwell uses Squealer to explore the ways in which those in power often use rhetoric and language to twist the truth and gain and maintain social and political control. Read an in-depth analysis of Squealer. Old Major -  The prize-winning boar whose vision of a socialist utopia serves as the inspiration for the Rebellion. Three days after describing the vision and teaching the animals the song “Beasts of England,” Major dies, leaving Snowball and Napoleon to struggle for control of his legacy. Orwell based Major on both the German political economist Karl Marx and the Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Ilych Lenin. Read an in-depth analysis of Old Major. Clover -  A good-hearted female cart-horse and Boxer’s close friend. Clover often suspects the pigs of violating one or another of the Seven Commandments, but she repeatedly blames herself for misremembering the commandments. Moses -  The tame raven who spreads stories of Sugarcandy Mountain, the paradise to which animals supposedly go when they die. Moses plays only a small role in Animal Farm, but Orwell uses him to explore how communism exploits religion as something with which to pacify the oppressed. Mollie -  The vain, flighty mare who pulls Mr. Jones’s carriage. Mollie craves the attention of human beings and loves being groomed and pampered. She has a difficult time with her new life on Animal Farm, as she misses wearing ribbons in her mane and eating sugar cubes. She represents the petit bourgeoisie that fled from Russia a few years after the Russian Revolution. Benjamin -  The long-lived donkey who refuses to feel inspired by the Rebellion. Benjamin firmly believes that life will remain unpleasant no matter who is in charge. Of all of the animals on the farm, he alone comprehends the changes that take place, but he seems either unwilling or unable to oppose the pigs. Muriel -  The white goat who reads the Seven Commandments to Clover whenever Clover suspects the pigs of violating their prohibitions. Mr. Jones -  The often drunk farmer who runs the Manor Farm before the animals stage their Rebellion and establish Animal Farm. Mr. Jones is an unkind master who indulges himself while his animals lack food; he thus represents Tsar Nicholas II, whom the Russian Revolution ousted. Mr. Frederick -  The tough, shrewd operator of Pinchfield, a neighboring farm. Based on Adolf Hitler, the ruler of Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s, Mr. Frederick proves an untrustworthy neighbor. Mr. Pilkington -  The easygoing gentleman farmer who runs Foxwood, a neighboring farm. Mr. Frederick’s bitter enemy, Mr. Pilkington represents the capitalist governments of England and the United States. Mr. Whymper -  The human solicitor whom Napoleon hires to represent Animal Farm in human society. Mr. Whymper’s entry into the Animal Farm community initiates contact between Animal Farm and human society, alarming the common animals. Jessie and Bluebell -  Two dogs, each of whom gives birth early in the novel. Napoleon takes the puppies in order to “educate” them. Minimus -  The poet pig who writes verse about Napoleon and pens the banal patriotic song “Animal Farm, Animal Farm” to replace the earlier idealistic hymn “Beasts of England,” which Old Major passes on to the others.

Napoleon

Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character?

Animal Farm & Stalin - Animal Farm Animal Farm Propaganda Animal farm and russian revolution Napoleon was developed to share personality traits and characteristics with Joseph Stalin. They were both brutal oppressors, who employed cunning, devious and forceful methods to achieve their purpose. They abused propaganda to manipulate their subjects, and used the secret police as a means to eliminate their opponents: in Animal Farm, Napoleon used The Dogs to chase away Snowball, whereas Stalin used The KGB to infiltrate and destroy Trotskyist groups. The dictators also adopted some of their opponents’ ideas and claimed them as their own: Napoleon ordered the construction of the windmill, while Stalin inaugurated the Five-Year Plans to achieve rapid industrialization, both ideas which they vigorously opposed when first brought up by their opponents. The close similarities between the two revolutionary leaders mark George Orwell’s successful characterization [CliffNotes, n.d.].   Napoleon in Animal Farm INterpretation "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely” It is human nature to seek power, and many may go as far as exploiting those who are weaker than them or disregard what is right and wrong in order to rise to the top. In Animal Farm, George Orwell effectively uses Napoleon’s character to illustrate that many dictators employ cunning and unfair methods to gain and maintain power. Throughout the novel, Napoleon works behind the scenes and canvasses support for himself in a secretive and devious manner, which the animals do not recognize. For instance, he teaches the sheep to bleat out the slogan, "Four legs good, two legs bad" [p31]  whenever Snowball is about to score a point against him. By silencing his enemy, Napoleon makes himself the only viable leadership option. He also uses the dogs to drive his opponent away, proclaiming himself as the new leader of the animals. These examples parallel to Stalin during the Russian Revolution, as he also used deceit and his secret police to pass an order of banishment against his rival Trotsky. Through his satirical writing, Orwell indirectly criticizes the Russian Revolution. He uses mockery, ridicule, and other humorous techniques to emphasize dictators’ absurd, yet effective use of power. In this way, he draws attention to the wrongful means through which dictators desire, gain, and maintain power [Naeem, 2010].  Unfortunately, the subjects under both Revolutions do not realize their dictators are using unfair methods to gain power. In Animal Farm, Napoleon justifies the changes made in the Seven Commandments and fabricates lies about their opponents to make it seem rational to the animals. As a result, they accept his leadership, but are unaware he is becoming a manipulative dictator. Similarly, Stalin also adopted the method of falsifying facts in order to gain the population’s support. This illustrates how dictators are devious animals who keep their subjects in the dark, fooled and blinded without knowing they are being taken advantage of.  corruption of ideals George Orwell conveys the message that power can never be divided equally, but can only be corrupted. Under Napoleon’s rule, Old Major’s dream of a classless society where everybody would be equal and free shatters; the reality is the terror and poverty of dictatorship in which some individuals are "more equal". Throughout the novel, Napoleon pretends to implement Old Major’s ideals, but is clearly corrupting them, as shown through the change of commandment from “All animals are equal” to “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others” [p90]. Though the idea of “more equal” is completely absurd, the pigs do not question its inherent contradiction, but continue to envision themselves as this privileged “some”. Orwell created Napoleon to address not only the corruption of the revolution by its leaders, but also how ignorance, greed and myopia destroy any possibility of an utopia. Orwell’s characterization of Napoleon is intended to degrade Stalin in our eyes. The author wrote in such detail to open the eyes of his readers to the truth about Stalin and expose how dictators corrupt power and pervert ideals. Through mockery, ridicule, and clever writing, Orwell successfully achieved his objective. Name Napoleon, “President of Animal Farm,” is the main antagonist of the novel. His name originates from the French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, whom George Orwell considered to be an “oppressive power seeker and dictator” [CliffNotes, n.d.]. Napoleon Bonaparte was a military and political leader, who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution. By corresponding Napoleon’s name with Napoleon Bonaparte’s, Orwell hints the character’s tyrannical and oppressing attitudes towards his subjects. This technique also reinforces the idea that Napoleon not only resembles Joseph Stalin, but many dictators in history - this clever and accessible novel is aimed to attack dictatorial governments and totalitarian regimes in general. Stereotypes of pigs In Animal Farm, George Orwell represents Joseph Stalin through an allegorical image of a pig. Through the existing stereotypes of this animal in popular culture, he intends to portray the greed, laziness and viciousness of this tyrannical ruler of the Soviet Union. Pigs are stereotyped as “dirty”, as their sties are usually covered in mud and feces, which they do not seem to mind at all - they are still “as happy as pigs”. Their filthy qualities parallel Stalin’s “unclean” methods before and after his rise of power. He manipulates deceit to control those under him, and corrupts power in order to maintain his leadership status.  Their “greedy” behavior is also seen from the way they devour food put in front of them. This stereotypical behavior of pigs represent Stalin’s hunger for power. Establishing authority and possessing control was his main priority during the Russian Revolution, which led him to murder millions of his own subjects when they presented the slightest pretext of disloyalty. Orwell’s use of stereotypical traits of pigs allow the reader to easily recognize the characteristics which Stalin and Napoleon share. He warns us about the dangers of dictators, which he has successfully accomplished through the “beastly” image of a pig. In this sense, he is both educating the reader and writing to future generations. citations

i don't know

In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban?

Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com Gisel questions1 What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? horton Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? lana lang What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? "A study in scarlet" To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? nathanial hawthorne What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? phyllis Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in "France? sebastian melmoth What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? katie How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island? 24|twenty four George G. Moppet was the father of what comic strip character? littlee lulu What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, "The Godfather". even though this word was the working title of the book? mafia In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner? lothar What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm? nepoleon Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character? dick tracy In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban? punjab The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public? jaws What famous American writer was granted a patent for a best-selling book that contained no words? mark twain The Emerald City was the working title of which classic novel? "The wonderful wizard of oz" What book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he killed John Lennon on 12/8/80? catcher in the rye In the 1953 biopic about the famous Houdini who played the starring role? tony curtis O'Hare International airport is in which city? chicago Rap originated In what country? usa|united states After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declared war on which country? japan What was the movie "Twister "about? tornados What is the name of the prehistoric town in which The Flintstones live? bedrock Barbie dolls were first made in which 20th-century decade? 50's|50s|1950s American supermarkets introduced what kind of codes in the mid 70s? barcodes|bar codes How many carats is pure gold? 24|twentyfour|twenty four Carlos Estevez is better known as whom? charlie sheen A 2000 year old, life size terracotta army was discovered in which country? china How long did the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 last? 6 days|six days RAW Paste Data What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? horton Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? lana lang What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? "A study in scarlet" To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? nathanial hawthorne What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? phyllis Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in "France? sebastian melmoth What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? katie How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island? 24|twenty four George G. Moppet was the father of what comic strip character? littlee lulu What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, "The Godfather". even though this word was the working title of the book? mafia In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner? lothar What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm? nepoleon Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character? dick tracy In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban? punjab The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public? jaws What famous American writer was granted a patent for a best-selling book that contained no words? mark twain The Emerald City was the working title of which classic novel? "The wonderful wizard of oz" What book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he killed John Lennon on 12/8/80? catcher in the rye In the 1953 biopic about the famous Houdini who played the starring role? tony curtis O'Hare International airport is in which city? chicago Rap originated In what country? usa|united states After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declared war on which country? japan What was the movie "Twister "about? tornados What is the name of the prehistoric town in which The Flintstones live? bedrock Barbie dolls were first made in which 20th-century decade? 50's|50s|1950s American supermarkets introduced what kind of codes in the mid 70s? barcodes|bar codes How many carats is pure gold? 24|twentyfour|twenty four Carlos Estevez is better known as whom? charlie sheen A 2000 year old, life size terracotta army was discovered in which country? china How long did the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 last? 6 days|six days

Punjab region

The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public?

Jeopardy! Based on the Top Hit TV Game Show! - Walkthrough All Articles Jeopardy! Based on the Top Hit TV Game Show! - Walkthrough ===================================DISCLAIMER================================== I have decided not to allow websites other than Gamefaqs (www.gamefaqs.com), IGN (faqs.ign.com) & Gamespot (www.gamespot.com) to host my FAQs from now on. Please don't ask, because I will not grant permission. It's just that too many sites don't keep their version of my FAQ up to date which makes for a lot of hassle in my mailbox. So if anyone sees this FAQ on any site other than those mentioned above, please let me know and I will take care of the situation, thanks. Just to make things crystal clear for some people, this FAQ is not to appear anywhere at the following URLs: http://www.cheatcc.com http://www.cheatindex.com This document Copyright 2004 Daniel Engel =============================================================================== Jeopardy FAQ January 06, 2006 Daniel (FecalLord) Engel fecalord [AT] gmail [DOT] com ############################################################################### (A) TABLE OF CONTENTS ############################################################################### Table of Contents (A) This Table of Contents (B) Controls (C) The Game (D) Answers (E) Experimental ############################################################################### (B) CONTROLS ############################################################################### The controls for this game are very simple, and are as follows: D-Pad - Moves the cursor when typing in your question, and buzzes in for a chance to enter your question. A or B - Confirm choices. Start - Starts the game. Select - Not used. ############################################################################### (C) THE GAME ############################################################################### There isn't really much to say, the game is based on the Jeopardy! TV gameshow. The only preparation you can have is to know your trivia really. Of course an accepted way to play the game is to pick a category that you are comfortable with and start from the lowest dollar (easiest) answer, and work your way down to the harder ones. Of course the game has a lot of questions to do with the united states so if you don't live there then you probably won't do as well. In addition to the U.S. content there are also a number of questions that deal with events and things of the eighties, so if you weren't raised in that time period you probably won't do well. Also many questions are asked multiple times in varying ways and some categories appear more than once with different questions. Like the TV show there is also a daily double square hidden randomly on the game board in both of the first 2 rounds. If you find it, you have a chance to double your money. You enter your wager and then enter your question. If you don't have any money then you can pick a $ value from the board to wager. Just like the TV show you lose money for incorrect replies, so don't buzz in if you really don't have a clue. You can play the game VS the computer, or with 1-2 other human players. There are also three difficulty settings, which basically decide how hard the computer players are, and also how much time you have to enter the question. You get 50 seconds on easy, 45 seconds on normal, and 40 seconds on hard. ############################################################################### (D) ANSWERS ############################################################################### Bricklayer J. Gastronomy Here are the questions to all of the answers in the game. The setup isn't completely random, you will always have the same group of 6 categories together in a round. These groups apply to round 1 or 2 of the game. I have grouped the categories accordingly. Also in each group the questions will always be in this order, with the smallest $ value question at the top. An important side note: USE THE FIND FUNCTION (CTRL+F) to find the category that you're having trouble with instead of scrolling through everything. -------- GROUP 01 -------- Category: PSYCHIATRY A - IT IS THE ORGAN OPERATED ON IN A LOBOTOMY Q - WHAT IS THE BRAIN? A - HE DEVELOPED THE THEORY OF THERAPY THROUGH THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS Q - WHO IS SIGMUND FREUD? A - OF MORON, IDIOT & IMBECILE, THE ONE HAVING THE LOWEST I.Q. Q - WHAT IS AN IDIOT? A - ACT OF A SOMNAMBULIST WHO, HOPEFULLY, LIVES ON THE GROUND FLOOR Q - WHAT IS SLEEPWALKING? A - IN THE RORSCHACH TEST, PATIENTS READ THESE Q - WHAT ARE INK BLOTS? Category: SCIENCE FICTION A - CREATOR & HOST OF *TWILIGHT ZONE* & *NIGHT GALLERY* Q - WHO IS ROD SERLING? A - THE ORSON WELLES RADIO PLAY THAT PANICKED AMERICA Q - WHAT IS WAR OF THE WORLDS? A - HE WROTE *THE MARTIAN CHRONICLES* & *THE ILLUSTRATED MAN* Q - WHO IS RAY BRADBURY? A - DINO DE LAURENTIIS MADE AN EPIC FILM OF THIS FRANK HERBERT CLASSIC Q - WHAT IS DUNE? A - ALDOUS HUXLEY PREDICTED TEST TUBE BABIES IN THIS BOOK Q - WHAT IS BRAVE NEW WORLD? Category: THICK & THIN A - IN THE PROVERB, IT'S THICKER THAN WATER Q - WHAT IS BLOOD? A - A LIAR CREATES STORIES OUT OF *THIS* Q - WHAT IS THIN AIR? A - YOU ADD THIS TO CORNSTARCH TO THICKEN GRAVY Q - WHAT IS FLOUR? A - THE 1932 DASHIELL HAMMET MYSTERY FEATURES NICK & NORA CHARLES Q - WHAT IS THE THIN MAN? A - IT FOLLOWS *THICK* IF YOU'RE CALLOUS, *THIN* IF YOU'RE TOUCHY Q - WHAT IS SKINNED? Category: ASIA A - MOUNT EVEREST'S COUNTRY Q - WHAT IS NEPAL? A - THIS COUNTRY IS BORDERED BY VIETNAM, LAOS & THAILAND Q - WHAT IS CAMBODIA? A - ISRAEL'S LARGEST PORT Q - WHAT IS HAIFA? A - THE GOBI DESERT ACCOUNTS FOR 25 PERCENT OF THIS COMMUNIST COUNTRY Q - WHAT IS MONGOLIA? A - THIS ISLAND NATION IS LOCATED JUST EAST OF THE TIP OF INDIA Q - WHAT IS SRI LANKA? Category: WALT DISNEY A - FIRST NON-HUMAN TO EVER WIN AN OSCAR Q - WHO IS MICKEY MOUSE? A - FILM WHICH INTRODUCED THE WORD *SUPERCALIFRAGILISTICEXPIALIDOCIOUS* Q - WHAT IS MARY POPPINS? A - LATEST ADDITION TO DISNEY'S FLORIDA EMPIRE Q - WHAT IS EPCOT? A - FILMED IN DEATH VALLEY, ETC., IT WAS THE FIRST FEATURE *TRUE-LIFE ADVENTURE* Q - WHAT IS THE LIVING DESERT? A - DISNEY CREATED MICKEY MOUSE AFTER LOSING RIGHTS TO THIS CHARACTER Q - WHO IS OSWALD THE RABBIT? Category: *JACKS* OF ALL TRADES A - GOLF'S *GOLDEN BEAR* Q - WHO IS JACK NICKLAUS? A - SWEET TREAT MENTIONED IN *TAKE ME OUT TO THE BALL GAME* Q - WHAT IS CRACKERJACK? A - PERSONIFICATION OF APPROACHING COLD WEATHER Q - WHO IS JACK FROST? A - THE NOVEL *SEA WOLF* WAS BASED ON THIS AUTHOR'S OWN EXPERIENCE Q - WHO IS JACK LONDON? A - WASHINGTON COLUMNIST WHO G. GORDON LIDDY VOLUNTEERED TO KILL Q - WHO IS JACK ANDERSON? -------- GROUP 02 -------- Category: CIVIL WAR A - THE TWO COLORS ASSOCIATED WITH UNION & CONFEDERACY Q - WHAT ARE BLUE & GREY? A - AUTHOR OF *UNCLE TOM'S CABIN*, LINCOLN CALLED HER *THE LITTLE LADY WHO MADE THE BIG WAR* Q - WHO IS HARRIET BEECHER STOWE? A - SHELLING OF THIS ON APRIL 12, 1861 STARTED THE CIVIL WAR Q - WHAT IS FORT SUMTER? A - NICKNAME OF THE CONFEDERATE FLAG Q - WHAT IS THE STARS & BARS? A - NOTORIOUS GEORGIA PRISON STOCKADE Q - WHAT IS ANDERSONVILLE? Category: ENGLISH ENTERTAINMENT A - SEAPORT HOME OF THE BEATLES, SITE OF THE CAVERN, CLUB WHERE THEY WERE *DISCOVERED* Q - WHAT IS LIVERPOOL? A - TRADITIONAL *POINTED* PASTIME IN BRITISH PUBS Q - WHAT IS DARTS? A - THIS AMERICAN SITCOM WAS ADAPTED FROM THE BRITISH TV SERIES *STEPTOE & SON* Q - WHAT IS SANFORD & SON? A - BRITISH ACTOR WHO FREQUENTLY PLAYED AMERICANS, HE WAS OSCAR NOMINATED FOR *BEING THERE* Q - WHO IS PETER SELLERS? A - IT'S THE LONDON HOME OF VAUDEVILLE Q - WHAT IS THE PALLADIUM? Category: ARTHURS A - HE PLAYED ARTHUR IN THE FILM OF THE SAME NAME Q - WHO IS DUDLEY MOORE? A - FORMER HOST OF *JEOPARDY* HE WAS ALWAYS THE GENTLEMAN Q - WHO IS ART FLEMING? A - HE WAS TO MERV GRIFFIN AS ED MC MAHON IS TO JOHNNY CARSON Q - WHO IS ARTHUR TREACHER? A - BLACK TENNIS STAR, HE RETIRED TO COACH DAVIS CUP TEAM Q - WHO IS ARTHUR ASHE? A - HE TRIED TO *KILL* HOLMES IN 1894, BUT HAD TO *RESURRECT* HIM, BY POPULAR DEMAND Q - WHO IS SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE? Category: LATIN WORDS A - IT'S THE ABBREVIATION FOR THE LATIN PHRASE *YEAR OF OUR LORD* Q - WHAT IS A.D.? A - A STYLE OF PERFORMANCE USING THE UNACCOMPANIED HUMAN VOICE Q - WHAT IS A CAPELLA? A - A COMMON ABBREVIATION MEANING *AND OTHERS* Q - WHAT IS ETC? A - IT'S THE MEANING OF THE LATIN WARNING *CAVE CANEM* Q - WHAT IS BEWARE OF DOG? A - LATIN PHRASE ON AMERICAN COINS MEANING *ONE OUT OF MANY* Q - WHAT IS E PLURIBUS UNUM? Category: FUNNY FRUIT A - UNSATISFACTORY OR POORLY-BUILT CAR Q - WHAT IS A LEMON? A - ROBERT FROST WONDERED HOW MANY OF THESE *FELL ON NEWTON'S HEAD BEFORE HE TOOK THE HINT* Q - WHAT ARE APPLES? A - ANTI-BLUSHING DEVICES FOR ADAM & EVE Q - WHAT ARE FIG LEAVES? A - MAE WEST ASKED BEULAH TO PEEL HER ONE OF THESE Q - WHAT ARE GRAPES? A - THE POCK-MARKED, WRINKLY VILLAIN IN *DICK TRACY* Q - WHO IS PRUNEFACE? Category: TRUE *BLUE* A - THIS FICTIONAL DUO FEATURED JOHN BELUSHI & DAN AKROYD Q - WHO ARE THE BLUES BROTHERS? A - THOMAS GAINSBUROUGH PAINTED THIS FAMOUS PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG LAD Q - WHAT IS THE BLUE BOY? A - HIT NBC SHOW FEATURING DANIEL TRAVANTI & VERONICA HAMEL Q - WHAT IS HILL STREET BLUES? A - THEY'RE TORONTO'S MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL TEAM Q - WHO ARE THE BLUE JAYS? A - POP ROCK GROUP WHO WENT IN SEARCH OF THE LOST CHORD Q - WHO ARE THE MOODY BLUES? -------- GROUP 03 -------- Category: COLLEGE A - COACH JOHN WOODEN LED THIS SCHOOL'S RECORD-BREAKING WINNING STREAK IN BASEBALL Q - WHAT IS U.C.L.A.? A - FOUNDED AS NEWTOWNE COLLEGE IN 1636, ITS ALUMNI INCLUDE JOHN F. KENNEDY Q - WHAT IS HARVARD? A - CONNECTICUT IVY LEAGUE COLLEGE WHOSE FOOTBALL TEAM IS CALLED THE BULLDOGS Q - WHAT IS YALE? A - THIS DURHAM, N.C. UNIVERSITY TAKES PSYCHIC RESEARCH SERIOUSLY Q - WHAT IS DUKE? A - WOMEN FIRST ATTENDED THIS INDIANA SCHOOL, RUN BY THE HOLY CROSS CONGREGATION, IN 1972 Q - WHAT IS NOTRE DAME? Category: 4 LETTER WORDS A - WHAT ZORRO, THE LONE RANGER, & HALLOWEEN HAVE IN COMMON Q - WHAT IS A MASK? A - GLOBULAR MEDICINAL SUBSTANCE, OR A DISAGREEABLE PERSON Q - WHAT IS A PILL? A - IT PRECEDES *CLOTH* & FOLLOWS *TENDER* & *SIR* Q - WHAT IS LOIN? A - SOUND OF A LOCOMOTIVE OR WITH *-A-LUG*, TO DRINK IN ONE LIFT OF THE GLASS Q - WHAT IS CHUG? A - A TWIST IN A ROPE OR A MUSCLE STIFFNESS IN THE NECK Q - WHAT IS A KINK? Category: THE FUNNIES A - LI'L ABNER'S HOME TOWN Q - WHAT IS DOGPATCH? A - DISNEY DOG WHO IS MICKEY MOUSE'S FRIEND, NOT THE ONE WHO'S HIS PET Q - WHO IS GOOFY? A - FRITZIE RITZ IS HER AUNT, SLUGGO, HER BOYFRIEND Q - WHO IS NANCY? A - DAY OF WEEK WIMPY WOULD *GLADLY PAY YOU, FOR A HAMBURGER TODAY* Q - WHAT IS TUESDAY? A - HIS SERVANTS INCLUDE PUNJAB & THE ASP Q - WHO IS DADDY WARBUCKS? Category: CLASSIC MUSIC A - TERM FOR A SET OF KETTLEDRUMS USED IN AN ORCHESTRA Q - WHAT IS TIMPANI? A - POLISH-BORN COMPOSER CALLED *THE GREATEST COMPOSER OF MUSIC FOR THE PIANOFORTE* Q - WHO IS FREDERIC CHOPIN? A - ONE OF THE FATHERS OF CLASSICAL MUSIC, HE ALSO FATHERED 20 CHILDREN Q - WHO IS JOHANN BACH? A - TYPE OF HORN WITH A LONG, COILED TUBE, A CONICAL BORE AND A FLARING BELL Q - WHAT IS A FRENCH HORN? A - THE FRENCH TITLE OF THIS BALLET IS *LE LAC DES CYGNES* Q - WHAT IS SWAN LAKE? Category: WARREN BEATTY A - HIS PROFESSION IN THE COMEDY HIT *SHAMPOO* Q - WHAT IS A HAIRDRESSER? A - THIS ACADEMY-AWARD-WINNING ACTRESS/DANCER IS HIS OLDER SISTER Q - WHO IS SHIRLEY MACLAINE? A - HE WON A BEST DIRECTOR OSCAR FOR THIS EPIC DRAMA Q - WHAT IS REDS? A - HE WROTE, STARRED IN & DIRECTED THIS REMAKE OF *HERE COMES MR. JORDAN* Q - WHAT IS HEAVEN CAN WAIT? A - HE PORTRAYED THIS '30'S GANGSTER IN ARTHUR PENN'S 1967 CLASSIC MOVIE DRAMA Q - WHO IS CLYDE BARROW? Category: *PHIL* IT UP A - HE IS THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH Q - WHO IS PRINCE PHILIP? A - HE PLAYED A CONVINCING TELEVISION SERGEANT NAMED BILKO Q - WHO IS PHIL SILVERS? A - HE'S MARLO THOMAS' HUSBAND Q - WHO IS PHIL DONAHUE? A - IT IS THE ONLY COUNTRY WITH A CHRISTIAN MAJORITY IN THE FAR EAST Q - WHAT ARE THE PHILIPPINES? A - HENRY FORD, J.P. MORGAN & ANDREW CARNEGIE QUALIFY FOR THIS GOODWILL TITLE Q - WHAT IS A PHILANTHROPIST? -------- GROUP 04 -------- Category: AMERICAN HISTORY A - HE WAS THE SECOND PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Q - WHO IS JOHN ADAMS? A - HIS STEAMBOAT *CLERMONT* MADE ITS FIRST RUN IN 1807 Q - WHO IS ROBERT FULTON? A - NICKNAMED *SEWARD'S FOLLY*, IT WAS PURCHASED ON MARCH 30, 1867 Q - WHAT IS ALASKA? A - PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA Q - WHO IS JEFFERSON DAVIS? A - THESE EARLY 20TH C. WRITERS *PLOWED THROUGH THE MIRE* TO EXPOSE GREED AND CORRUPTION Q - WHO ARE THE MUCKRACKERS? Category: LOVE TRIANGLE A - SHE STOLE EDDIE FISHER FROM DEBBIE REYNOLDS Q - WHO IS LIZ TAYLOR? A - BING CROSBY & BOB HOPE COMPETED FOR HER IN THE *ROAD* PICTURES Q - WHO IS DOROTHY LAMOUR? A - HIS ILLICIT LOVE FOR GUINEVERE DESTROYED ARTHUR'S KINGDOM Q - WHO IS LANCELOT? A - WHAT HESTER PRYNNE EARNED FOR ADULTERY WITH REVEREND DIMMESDALE Q - WHAT IS THE SCARLET LETTER? A - AT THIS FILM'S END, RICK BLAINE SENDS HIS LOVER, ILSE LUND, OFF WITH HER HUSBAND Q - WHAT IS CASABLANCA? Category: CHEMICAL A - CAVITY FIGHTER USED IN TOOTHPASTE AND DRINKING WATER CONTAINS THIS ELEMENT Q - WHAT IS FLUORINE? A - UNTIL 1965, IT WAS THE PRIMARY METAL IN MOST U.S. COINS Q - WHAT IS SILVER? A - ALCHEMISTS TRIED TO TRANSMUTE LEAD INTO THIS Q - WHAT IS GOLD? A - CHLORINE AND SODIUM COMBINE TO FORM THIS COMMON KITCHEN SUBSTANCE Q - WHAT IS SALT? A - RADIOACTIVE ELEMENT CO-DISCOVERED BY MARIE CURIE Q - WHAT IS RADIUM? Category: CLASSIC T.V. A - ON THIS SERIES, RALPH KRAMDEN WARNED *BANG! ZOOM! YOU'RE GOING TO THE MOON, ALICE!* Q - WHAT IS THE HONEYMOONERS? A - HE CREATED *CANDID CAMERA* Q - WHO IS ALLEN FUNT? A - REGULARS ON HIS SHOW INCLUDED DENNIS DAY & EDDIE *ROCHESTER* ANDERSON Q - WHAT IS JACK BENNY? A - ITS ORIGINAL PANELISTS INCLUDED MR. CERF, MISS KILGALLEN, MR. ALLEN & MISS FRANCIS Q - WHAT IS WHAT'S MY LINE? A - IT'S WHAT BETTY, BUD & KATHY ANDERSON LEARNED EACH WEEK Q - WHAT IS FATHER KNOWS BEST? Category: STARTS WITH *H* A - IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY, THIS WAS ACHILLES' ONE WEAK SPOT Q - WHAT IS THE HEEL? A - BOTH EGGS & DETECTIVES CAN BE THIS Q - WHAT IS HARD-BOILED? A - A PLACE OF SAFETY, OR YALE'S *NEW* TOWN Q - WHAT IS HAVEN? A - IT IS IMPOSED ON A CONTESTANT TO EQUALIZE CHANCES OF WINNING Q - WHAT IS A HANDICAP? A - TWO-WHEELED CAB POPULAR IN 19TH CENTURY LONDON Q - WHAT IS A HANSOM? Category: NAME'S THE SAME A - COMEDIANS DEAN, DICK & STEVE Q - WHAT IS MARTIN? A - SAMMY, MAC AND BETTE Q - WHAT IS DAVIS? A - SINGER ROY, TV HOST DICK & PARTNER OF EXPLORER LEWIS Q - WHAT IS CLARK? A - ACTORS ROBERT, ROD & ELIZABETH Q - WHAT IS TAYLOR? A - ACTRESSES JEAN & MAUREEN Q - WHAT IS STAPLETON? -------- GROUP 05 -------- Category: AMERICAN REVOLUTION A - TO PAUL REVERE, TWO LIGHTS IN THE NORTH CHURCH STEEPLE MEANT THE BRITISH WERE COMING BY THIS Q - WHAT IS BY SEA? A - MILITARY OUTPOST BENEDICT ARNOLD TRIED TO BETRAY TO THE BRITISH Q - WHAT IS WEST POINT? A - THIS PATRIOTIC PAINTING SHOWS TWO DRUMMERS, ONE A YOUNG BOY & A WOUNDED FIFE PLAYER Q - WHAT IS THE SPIRIT OF 76? A - CRISPUS ATTUCKS WAS THE FIRST MAN KILLED BY THE BRITISH IN THIS REVOLUTIONARY RIOT Q - WHAT IS THE BOSTON MASSACRE? A - THESE COLONISTS SUPPORTED THE BRITISH DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR Q - WHO ARE THE TORIES? Category: FEATHERED FRIENDS A - HE IS THE TALLEST *SESAME STREET* CHARACTER Q - WHO IS BIG BIRD? A - TV NETWORK'S PROUD TRADEMARK? Q - WHAT IS A PEACOCK? A - PLANT OF BANANA FAMILY WITH BRILLIANT ORANGE & BLUE FLOWERS Q - WHAT IS THE BIRD OF PARADISE? A - THIS WATER BIRD'S NAME IS OFTEN SYNONYMOUS WITH *CRAZY* Q - WHAT IS A LOON? A - THE ANCIENT MARINER HAD THIS BAD LUCK BIRD HUN ABOUT HIS NECK Q - WHAT IS AN ALBATROSS? Category: MUSICAL GEOGRAPHY A - TONY BENNET LEFT HIS HEART THERE Q - WHAT IS SAN FRANCISCO? A - RANDY NEWMAN LOVES THIS SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CITY Q - WHAT IS L.A.? A - VICKI LAWRENCE'S *LIGHTS WENT OUT* THERE Q - WHAT IS GEORGIA? A - GLEN CAMPBELL WAS A SINGING LINEMAN IN THIS TOWN Q - WHAT IS WICHITA? A - BROADWAY MUSICAL'S TITLE SONG IS NOW OFFICIALLY THIS STATE'S Q - WHAT IS OKLAHOMA? Category: AUSTRALIA A - THE JOLLY SWAGMAN WANTS TO WALTZ WITH HER Q - WHO IS MATHILDA? A - AUSTRALIA'S BUSHCOUNTRY INTERIOR, IT'S NOT *IN FRONT* Q - WHAT IS THE OUTBACK? A - THIS WEB-FOOTED EGG-LAYING MAMMAL CAN ONLY BE FOUND IN AUSTRALIA Q - WHAT IS THE PLATYPUS? A - IT IS THE NAME BY WHICH AUSTRALIAN NATIVES ARE CALLED Q - WHAT ARE ABORIGINES? A - AUSTRALIA'S CAPITAL Q - WHAT IS CANBERRA? Category: TV TWOSOMES A - *GENERAL HOSPITAL'S* FAMOUS STAR-CROSSED LOVERS Q - WHO ARE LUKE & LAURA? A - NUMBER OF AGENT 86'S PARTNER ON TV'S *GET SMART* Q - WHO IS AGENT 99? A - BROTHER DETECTIVES WHO OPERATE FROM SAN DIEGO Q - WHO ARE SIMON & SIMON? A - THE FLYING SQUIRREL AND HIS MOOSE FRIEND OF CARTOONS Q - WHO ARE ROCKY & BULLWINKLE? A - THEY GAVE THE *FLYING FICKLE FINGER OF FATE* AWARD Q - WHO ARE ROWAN & MARTIN? Category: BABY TALK A - BETTE DAVIS PLAYED THIS DEMENTED FORMER CHILD STAR WHO TERRORIZED HER SISTER Q - WHO IS BABY JANE? A - NUMEROUS YOUNG ADULTS WHO WERE BORN RIGHT AFTER W.W. II, ALSO KNOWN AS WAR BABIES Q - WHAT ARE THE BABY-BOOMERS? A - RECENT MICKEY ROONEY AND ANN MILLER BROADWAY HIT Q - WHAT IS SUGAR-BABIES? A - BROOKE SHIELDS' FIRST STARRING ROLE WAS IN THIS CONTROVERSIAL FILM SET IN A BORDELLO Q - WHAT IS PRETTY BABY? A - IN NURSERY RHYME, IT PRECEDES, *...DADDY'S GONE A-HUNTING* Q - WHAT IS BYE, BABY BUNTING? -------- GROUP 06 -------- Category: POLITICAL PAIRS A - FORMER GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK, HE WAS GERALD FORD'S VICE PRESIDENT Q - WHO IS NELSON ROCKEFELLER? A - J.F.K. WAS FIRST ELECTED TO CONGRESS IN 1946, AS WAS THIS OTHER PRESIDENT-TO-BE Q - WHO IS NIXON? A - HE PENNED THE *COMMUNIST MANIFESTO* IN 1848 WITH MARX Q - WHO IS ENGELS? A - CHURCHILL AND THIS U.S. PRESIDENT WERE SEVENTH COUSINS ONCE REMOVED Q - WHO IS F.D.R.? A - THIS KING'S COURTSHIP WITH WALLIS WARFIELD SIMPSON WAS CALLED THE LOVE STORY OF THE CENTURY Q - WHO IS EDWARD THE VIII? Category: FLOWERS A - DONALD DUCK'S GIRLFRIEND Q - WHO IS DAISY? A - CITIZEN KANE'S LAST WORD Q - WHAT IS ROSEBUD? A - THIS YELLOW FLOWER SUPPOSEDLY GAVE ITS COLOR TO A COMMON FOOD Q - WHAT IS THE BUTTERCUP? A - THE CYMBIDIUM VARIETY OF THIS TROPICAL FLOWER IS USED IN CORSAGES Q - WHAT IS AN ORCHID? A - THEY ARE THE SUBJECT OF A SERIES OF PAINTINGS BY CLAUDE MONET Q - WHAT ARE WATERLILIES? Category: THE MOON A - THE MOON IS INVISIBLE DURING THIS PHASE Q - WHAT IS THE NEW MOON? A - ILLEGALLY MADE LIQUOR Q - WHAT IS MOONSHINE? A - ON THE MOON, THIS IS APPROXIMATELY 1/6TH WHAT IT IS ON EARTH Q - WHAT IS GRAVITY? A - FROM LATIN FOR *MOON*, WORD FOR A PERSON WHO IS *NUTS* Q - WHAT IS A LUNATIC? A - THE CALM & WATERLESS *SEA* UPON WHICH MAN'S FIRST FOOTPRINTS ON THE MOON WERE MADE Q - WHAT IS THE SEA OF TRANQUILITY? Category: SAN FRANCISCO A - KNOWN AS *THE ROCK*, IT WAS AT VARIOUS TIMES HOME TO AL CAPONE, THE BIRDMAN, & AN INDIAN TRIBE Q - WHAT IS ALCATRAZ? A - SCOTT MCKENZIE'S '60'S HIT WARNED VISITORS TO WEAR THIS IN THEIR HAIR Q - WHAT IS A FLOWER? A - STADIUM HOME OF BASEBALL'S GIANTS & FOOTBALL'S 49ER'S Q - WHAT IS CANDLESTICK PARK? A - 1906 DISASTER WHICH HIT THE CITY FOLLOWING THE EARTHQUAKE Q - WHAT IS FIRE? A - THE MARK HOPKINS AND FAIRMONT HOTELS SIT ATOP THIS FAMOUS HILL Q - WHAT IS NOB HILL? Category: THE KELLYS A - KELLY DESCRIBES A SHADE OF THIS COLOR Q - WHAT IS GREEN? A - SHE STARRED IN ELEVEN FILMS BEFORE RETIRING TO MARRY ROYALTY Q - WHO IS GRACE KELLY? A - WALT KELLY CREATED THIS POSSUM CHARACTER Q - WHO IS POGO? A - DANCER, ACTOR & DIRECTOR IN 1950'S, *AN AMERICAN IN PARIS* Q - WHO IS GENE KELLY? A - HIS FAMOUS CLOWN INCLUDED SWEEPING UP THE SPOTLIGHT Q - WHO IS EMMETT KELLY? Category: X MARKS THE SPOT A - THEY ARE SOMETIMES RATED *X* Q - WHAT ARE MOVIES? A - BRAND NAME THAT HAS BECOME SYNONYMOUS WITH COPIERS Q - WHAT IS XEROX? A - FRENCH COMPOSER SAINT-SAENS WROTE *DANS MACABRE* FOR IT Q - WHAT IS THE XYLOPHONE? A - DISCOVERED BY WILHELM ROENTGEN IN 1895 Q - WHAT ARE X-RAYS? A - THIS LATIN BANDLEADER IS EX-HUSBAND OF ABBE LANE AND CHARO Q - WHO IS XAVIER CUGAT? -------- GROUP 07 -------- Category: NAMES FROM OLD MAPS A - *ANNA AND THE KING OF SIAM* WAS SET IN WHAT IS NOW THIS NATION Q - WHAT IS THAILAND? A - FORMER NAME OF VIETNAM'S HO CHI MINH CITY Q - WHAT IS SAIGON? A - IT WAS ONCE NEW AMSTERDAM, NEW NETHERLANDS Q - WHAT IS NEW YORK, NEW YORK? A - IT WAS FORMERLY THE NAME OF ISTANBUL Q - WHAT IS CONSTANTINOPLE? A - MEDIEVAL EUROPE KNEW NORTH CHINA BY THIS NAME Q - WHAT IS CATHAY? Category: ELVIS PRESLEY A - THIS NICKNAME REFERRED TO WHAT HE SHOOK WHEN HE SANG Q - WHAT IS THE PELVIS? A - THE NAME OF HIS MEMPHIS MANSION Q - WHAT IS GRACELAND? A - HE MET HIS FUTURE WIFE WHILE SERVING IN THE U.S. ARMY IN THIS COUNTRY Q - WHAT IS GERMANY? A - ELVIS RECORDED HITS ON THIS RECORD LABEL Q - WHAT IS RCA? A - IT WAS THE TITLE OF HIS FIRST MOVIE AS WELL AS A HIT SONG Q - WHAT IS LOVE ME TENDER? Category: FAMOUS RIVALS A - THIS BALD, MAD SCIENTIST IS SUPERMAN'S ARCH-ENEMY Q - WHO IS LEX LUTHOR? A - SHE BESTED BOBBY RIGGS IN TENNIS' MOST FAMOUS BATTLE OF THE SEXES Q - WHO IS BILLIE JEAN KING? A - SHARK-FIGHTERS IN *WEST SIDE STORY* Q - WHO ARE THE JETS? A - IN *GONE WITH THE WIND*, SCARLETT WAS JEALOUS OF HER MARRIAGE TO ASHLEY Q - WHO IS MELANIE? A - THE MERRIMACK FOUGHT THIS IRON-CLAD CONFEDERATE SHIP AT HAMPTON ROADS, VA Q - WHAT IS THE MONITOR? Category: MAMMALS A - THIS RODENT, ALSO CALLED A WOODCHUCK, IS CELEBRATED ON FEBRUARY 2 Q - WHAT IS A GROUNDHOG? A - THE ONLY MAMMALS THAT REALLY FLY, THEY NAVIGATE BY *SONAR* Q - WHAT ARE BATS? A - THIS DOMESTICATED ANIMAL IS MOST SACRED ANIMAL OF THE HINDUS Q - WHAT IS THE COW? A - FAMOUS FOR KILLING SNAKES, THIS MAMMAL IS NOT IMMUNE TO VENOM BUT SURVIVES DUE TO QUICKNESS Q - WHAT IS THE MONGOOSE? A - THIS DESCRIPTION REFERRING TO AN ISLAND SOUTH OF AUSTRALIA PRECEDES WOLF, TIGER & DEVIL Q - WHAT IS TASMANIAN? Category: HARD & SOFT A - TITLE OF THE BEATLES FIRST FEATURE FILM Q - WHAT IS HARD DAY'S NIGHT? A - IT READILY FORMS A LATHER, WASHES WELL WITH SOAP Q - WHAT IS SOFT WATER? A - PITCHING STYLES IN THIS GAME INCLUDE WINDMILL & SLOW-PITCH Q - WHAT IS SOFTBALL? A - ROBERTA FLACK'S GRAMMY-WINNING SONG OF THE 1970'S Q - WHAT IS KILLING ME SOFTLY? A - CHARLES BRONSON IS A STREET FIGHTER & JAMES COBURN HIS MANAGER IN THIS 1973 FILM Q - WHAT IS HARD TIMES? Category: LOST CAUSES A - NURSERY RHYME SHEPHERDESS WHO MISPLACED HER FLOCK Q - WHO IS LITTLE BO PEEP? A - REPOSITORY FOR FORGOTTEN ITEMS LEFT, FOR EXAMPLE, ON BUSES & TAXIS Q - WHAT IS THE LOST & FOUND? A - NIGHTCLUB COMEDIANS HAVE REFERRED TO THIS CITY AS *LOST WAGES* Q - WHAT IS LAS VEGAS? A - THIS TV SERIES WAS ABOUT AN OUT-OF-THIS-WORLD SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON Q - WHAT IS LOST IN SPACE? A - THE 1973 ROSS HUNTER REMAKE OF THIS JAMES HILTON NOVEL WAS A BOX-OFFICE BOMB Q - WHAT IS LOST HORIZON? -------- GROUP 08 -------- Category: THE '50'S A - ON JANUARY 3, 1959, IT BECAME THE 49TH STATE Q - WHAT IS ALASKA? A - PLASTIC TOY ROTATED ABOUT THE WAIST VIA CIRCULAR MOTIONS OF THE HIPS Q - WHAT IS THE HULA HOOP? A - THIS 2-MAN COMEDY TEAM WAS TOPS IN CLUBS, TV & MOVIES UNTIL THEIR SPLIT IN 1956 Q - WHO ARE MARTIN & LEWIS? A - IN 1956, DON LARSEN PITCHED THE FIRST IN WORLD SERIES HISTORY Q - WHAT IS A PERFECT GAME? A - THIS HUSBAND & WIFE WERE CONVICTED OF TREASON IN 1951 Q - WHO ARE THE ROSENBERGS? Category: *GRAND* PLACES A - ARIZONA LANDMARK *CARVED* BY THE COLORADO RIVER Q - WHAT IS THE GRAND CANYON? A - MOST FAMOUS WATERWAY IN VENICE, ITALY Q - WHAT IS THE GRAND CANAL? A - FORMER PRESIDENT GERALD FORD'S HOME TOWN Q - WHAT IS GRAND RAPIDS? A - JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING, SITS AT THE FOOT OF THIS 13,766 FOOT MOUNTAIN Q - WHAT IS THE GRAND TETON? A - IN THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, IT HOLDS BACK F.D.R. LAKE Q - WHAT IS THE GRAND COULEE DAM? Category: THE IRISH A - GEM-LIKE NICKNAME OF IRELAND Q - WHAT IS THE EMERALD ISLE? A - TOURIST ATTRACTION YOU KISS UPSIDE DOWN TO OBTAIN THE *GIFT OF GAB* Q - WHAT IS THE BLARNEY STONE? A - AFTER-DINNER DRINK MADE WITH WHISKEY & WHIPPED CREAM Q - WHAT IS IRISH COFFEE? A - IT'S A RHYMING HUMOROUS VERSE AND AN IRISH COUNTY Q - WHAT IS A LIMERICK? A - THE TALLEST OF ALL DOGS Q - WHAT IS AN IRISH WOLFHOUND? Category: FISH A - TWO VARIETIES OF IT ARE THRESHER & HAMMERHEAD Q - WHAT ARE SHARKS? A - THE ASTROLOGICAL SIGN OF THE FISH Q - WHAT IS PISCES? A - KNOWN AS *THE TIGER OF THE SEA*, IT HAS DESTRUCTIVE RAZOR-SHARP TEETH Q - WHAT IS A BARRACUDA? A - IT IS THE FIN ALONG THE MID-LINE ON TOP OF THE FISH Q - WHAT IS THE DORSAL FIN? A - GOLDFISH ARE A MEMBER OF THIS FRESH WATER FAMILY Q - WHAT ARE CARP? Category: TENNIS ANYONE A - THE SURFACE OF PLAY AT WIMBLEDON Q - WHAT IS GRASS? A - SURPRISINGLY, THIS HOT-HEADED PLAYER ENDORSES BIC'S SHAVERS, NOT THEIR LIGHTERS Q - WHO IS JOHN MC ENROE? A - IT IS THE SITE OF THE U.S. OPEN CHAMPIONSHIPS Q - WHAT IS FLUSHING MEADOW? A - A SERVICE THAT GOES UNTOUCHED FOR A POINT Q - WHAT IS AN ACE? A - EVERY DAVIS CUP FINAL FROM 1938 TO 1959 WAS BETWEEN THE U.S. & THIS NATION Q - WHAT IS AUSTRALIA? Category: *NUTS* TO YOU A - FAMOUS RUSSIAN BALLET OFTEN PERFORMED DURING THE CHRISTMAS SEASON Q - WHAT IS THE NUTCRACKER SUITE? A - 1929 MARX BROTHERS MOVIE BASED ON THEIR STAGE SUCCESS OF THE SAME NAME Q - WHAT IS COCOANUTS? A - CHARACTERS IN THIS POPULAR COMIC STRIP WERE SO CALLED BECAUSE THEY WERE SMALL Q - WHAT IS PEANUTS? A - IN A POPULAR CHRISTMAS SONG, THESE NUTS HAVE A HOT TIME Q - WHAT ARE CHESTNUTS? A - PHRASE DESCRIBING THE *HARD CORE* OR THE *NITTY-GRITTY* OF A SITUATION Q - WHAT IS NUTS AND BOLTS? -------- GROUP 09 -------- Category: SCOTLAND A - MADE WITH MALT & BARLEY, IT'S SCOTLAND'S LEADING EXPORT Q - WHAT IS SCOTCH WHISKY? A - MOST FAMOUS OF SHAKESPEARE'S SCOTTISH KINGS Q - WHO IS MACBETH? A - NATIONAL FLOWER SO-CALLED BECAUSE THEY GROW ON HEATHS Q - WHAT IS HEATHER? A - THIS SCOTTISH LASS BECAME AN INTERNATIONAL STAR WITH THE BOND THEME *FOR YOUR EYES ONLY* Q - WHO IS SHEENA EASTON? A - LIVELY DANCE NAMED FOR MOUNTAINOUS REGION IN NORTH Q - WHAT IS THE HIGHLAND FLING? Category: NICKNAMES A - THIS ACTOR/WRITER/DIRECTOR HAS A *SLY* WAY WITH SUCCESS Q - WHO IS SYLVESTER STALLONE? A - RED-HAIRED SINGER KNOWN AS *THE DEVINE MISS M* Q - WHO IS BETTE MIDLER? A - WHEN HE WAS V.P., THEY CALLED HIM *FRITZ* TO JIMMY CARTER'S *GRITS* Q - WHO IS WALTER MONDALE? A - HEAVYWEIGHT BOXING CHAMPION CALLED *THE BROWN BOMBER* Q - WHO IS JOE LOUIS? A - BRITISHER GEORGE O'DOWD IS BETTER KNOWN AS THIS Q - WHO IS BOY GEORGE? Category: MEDICINE A - 2 LETTER ABBREVIATION FOR A PRESCRIPTION Q - WHAT IS RX? A - INSTRUMENT USED TO LISTEN TO THE SOUNDS OF THE BODY, ESPECIALLY THE HEART Q - WHAT IS A STETHOSCOPE? A - QUININE IS THE TRADITIONAL CURE FOR THE SYMPTOMS OF THIS TROPICAL DISEASE Q - WHAT IS MALARIA? A - THIS DOCTOR SPECIALIZES IN SKIN DISEASES Q - WHAT IS A DERMATOLOGIST? A - GINGIVITIS IS AN INFLAMATION OF THIS PART OF THE BODY Q - WHAT ARE THE GUMS? Category: MYTHS & LEGENDS A - KING ARTHUR'S MAGICIAN AND TUTOR, HE LIVED BACKWARD IN TIME Q - WHO IS MERLIN? A - IT PRECEDES, *I SMELL THE BLOOD OF AN ENGLISHMAN* Q - WHAT IS FEE FI FOE FUM? A - THIS ARCHER IS THE NATIONAL HERO OF SWITZERLAND Q - WHO IS WILLIAM TELL? A - TWIN OF REMUS, HE IS THE LEGENDARY FOUNDER OF ROME Q - WHO IS ROMULUS? A - WHEN HE FLEW TOO CLOSE TO THE SUN, THE WAX IN HIS WINGS MELTED Q - WHO IS ICARUS? Category: STARTS WITH *F* A - IT PRECEDES ARREST AND TEETH Q - WHAT IS FALSE? A - ONE DAMNS WITH THIS KIND OF PRAISE Q - WHAT IS FAINT? A - PETRIFIED REMAINS OF AN ANIMAL OR PLANT Q - WHAT IS A FOSSIL? A - BACH WROTE THE TOCCATA AND *THIS* IN D MINOR Q - WHAT IS A FUGUE? A - A VACATION GRANTED TO AN ENLISTED MAN Q - WHAT IS A FURLOUGH? Category: STAY *COM* A - BERLIOZ AND BRAHMS WERE 2 OF THE 19TH CENTURY'S GREATEST Q - WHAT ARE COMPOSERS? A - DESCRIBES A MULTIPLE CONE FRACTURE Q - WHAT IS COMPOUND? A - IT'S THE MILITARY RANK AND TITLE OF THE PRESIDENT Q - WHAT IS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF? A - FRUIT STEWED OR COOKED IN A SYRUP, USUALLY SERVED AS A DESSERT Q - WHAT IS A COMPOTE? A - IT'S THE ACT OR PROCESS OF UNDERSTANDING Q - WHAT IS COMPREHENSION? -------- GROUP 10 -------- Category: CANADA A - COLOR OF THE MAPLE LEAF ON THE CANADIAN FLAG Q - WHAT IS RED? A - IT MEANS *NEW SCOTLAND* Q - WHAT IS NOVA SCOTIA? A - IT'S THE CAPITAL OF CANADA Q - WHAT IS OTTAWA? A - IT'S THE EASTERNMOST PROVINCE OF CANADA Q - WHAT IS NEWFOUNDLAND? A - SITE OF THE 1988 WINTER OLYMPICS Q - WHAT IS CALGARY? Category: ANIMAL ACTORS A - RONALD REAGEN CAN NEVER QUITE SHAKE THIS MONKEY OFF HIS BACK Q - WHO IS BONZO? A - SORRY...BUT HE WAS NEVER GOOD ENOUGH FOR STAR-KIST Q - WHO IS CHARLIE THE TUNA? A - THE SHORT-LIVED TV SERIES *MR. SMITH GOES TO WASHINGTON* LET ONE OF THESE SOUND OFF Q - WHAT IS AN ORANGUTAN? A - BORN IN A WW I TRENCH, THIS GERMAN SHEPHERD WAS VOTED MOST POPULAR PERFORMER OF 1926 Q - WHO IS RIN TIN TIN? A - P.T. BARNUM'S PRIZED PACHYDERM Q - WHO IS JUMBO? Category: HUMAN BODY A - GENERALLY UNNECESSARY THROAT ACCESSORY Q - WHAT ARE TONSILS? A - REFERS TO DIZZINESS OR A HITCHCOCK FILM Q - WHAT IS VERTIGO? A - PEPTIC, DUODENAL & GASTRIC ARE TYPES Q - WHAT ARE ULCERS? A - THE TECHNICAL TERM FOR NEARSIGHTEDNESS Q - WHAT IS MYOPIA? A - VITAL ORGAN WITH 2 AURICLES & 2 VENTRICLES Q - WHAT IS THE HEART? Category: FINE DINING A - FRENCH DESSERT THAT SOUNDS LIKE THE LARGEST MEMBER OF THE DEER FAMILY Q - WHAT IS A MOUSSE? A - PIGS SNIFF OUT THIS DELICACY IN EUROPE Q - WHAT ARE TRUFFLES? A - YOU RODER IT FROM THE SOMMELIER Q - WHAT IS WINE? A - FROM FRENCH *TO JUMP* IT MEANS TO FRY IN VERY LITTLE FAT Q - WHAT IS SAUTE? A - TOMATO GELATIN MOLD USED AS A GARNISH Q - WHAT IS ASPIC? Category: 3 LETTER WORDS A - WHAT A BATTER OR A BROADWAY PRODUCER WANTS Q - WHAT IS A HIT? A - A WELL-KNOWN PHRASE SAYS TO DO THIS *IS HUMAN* Q - WHAT IS TO ERR? A - JAZZ MUSICIANS PLAY IMPROVISATIONALLY AT THIS INFORMAL *SESSION* Q - WHAT IS A JAM? A - PART OF AN EAR OF CORN, OR A MALE SWAN Q - WHAT IS A COB? A - A MOVIE THAT'S FILMED, EDITED & READY FOR RELEASE IS SAID TO BE *IN* THIS Q - WHAT IS THE CAN? Category: CALLING ALL *CAR*S A - HE-E-E-E-E-E-RE'S THE TONIGHT SHOW HOST Q - WHO IS JOHNNY CARSON? A - REPRESENTED BY THE CHEMICAL SYMBOL *C*, IT PRECEDES *PAPER* OR *COPY* Q - WHAT IS CARBON? A - A SMOOTH, CHEWY CANDY MADE WITH SUGAR, BUTTER, CREAM & FLAVORING Q - WHAT IS CARAMEL? A - DRIVE-IN RESTAURANT WAITRESS Q - WHAT IS A CAR-HOP? A - THEY'RE FORMED TO CONTROL MARKETING & CREATE MONOPOLIES Q - WHAT ARE CARTELS? -------- GROUP 11 -------- Category: EUROPEAN HISTORY A - JANE SEYMOUR WAS THE THIRD OF HIS SIX WIVES Q - WHO IS HENRY VIII? A - CENTURY OF THE AMERICAN & FRENCH REVOLUTIONS Q - WHAT IS THE 18TH CENTURY? A - CARRIED TO EUROPE WONDERS OF CHINA FROM THE COURT OF KUBLAI KHAN Q - WHO IS MARCO POLO? A - DISEASE THAT STRUCK LONDON IN 1665 Q - WHAT IS THE PLAGUE? A - SOVIET LEADER BANISHED FROM RUSSIA & LATER ASSASSINATED IN MEXICO Q - WHO IS TROTSKY? Category: AUTOS A - IN A CAR WITH MANUAL TRANSMISSION, THE PEDAL LEFT OF THE BRAKE Q - WHAT IS THE CLUTCH? A - THIS BRITISH COMPANY MAKES LUXURY CARS & AIRPLANE ENGINES Q - WHAT IS ROLLS-ROYCE? A - ONE MODEL OF JAGUAR HAS AN ENGINE WITH 12 OF THESE Q - WHAT ARE CYLINDERS? A - FAILED 50'S FORD WHICH LOOKED LIKE IT WAS SUCKING A LEMON Q - WHAT IS THE EDSEL? A - DESIGNATION OF ANTI-KNOCK QUALITY OF GASOLINE Q - WHAT IS OCTANE? Category: ERNEST HEMINGWAY A - HE WAS CALLED BY THIS AFFECTIONATE PATERNAL NICKNAME Q - WHAT IS PAPA? A - IT'S THE SUBJECT OF *DEATH IN THE AFTERNOON* Q - WHAT IS BULLFIGHTING? A - THIS GRANDDAUGHTER APPEARED IN *MANHATTAN*, *PERSONAL BEST* & *STAR 80* Q - WHO IS MARIEL HEMINGWAY? A - MANY OF HIS NOVELS TAKE PLACE ON ISLANDS IN THIS SEA Q - WHAT IS THE CARIBBEAN? A - AFTER FIDEL CASTRO CAME TO POWER, HEMINGWAY LEFT CUBA & PURCHASED A HOUSE IN THIS STATE Q - WHAT IS IDAHO? Category: I AM WOMAN A - PITTED UNSUCCESSFULLY AGAINST JOHNNY CARSON Q - WHO IS JOAN RIVERS? A - FIRST AMERICAN WOMAN INTO SPACE Q - WHO IS SALLY RIDE? A - CENSURED BY THE U.S. CONGRESS, SHE ALSO WON AN OSCAR Q - WHO IS JANE FONDA? A - A *HOUSEWIFE FROM QUEENS*, SHE BECAME THE FIRST WOMAN TO RUN AS A DEMOCRATIC V.P. CANDIDATE Q - WHO IS GERALDINE FERRARO? A - FIRST WOMAN HONORED ON A U.S. COIN, THOUGH THE HONOR PROVED A BIT DUBIOUS Q - WHO IS SUSAN B. ANTHONY? Category: INITIALS A - ALPHABETIC NICKNAME OF REPUBLICAN PARTY Q - WHAT IS THE G.O.P.? A - AN EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND, IT'S CALLED TRINITROTOLUENE Q - WHAT IS TNT? A - THIS DISTRESS SIGNAL WAS CHOSEN BECAUSE OF THE EASE WITH WHICH IT CAN BE SENT IN MORSE CODE Q - WHAT IS S.O.S.? A - IT'S WHEN THE REFEREE STOPS THE FIGHT OR WHEN A BOXER THROWS IN THE TOWEL Q - WHAT IS A TKO? A - MARCUS LEOW, SAMUEL GOLDWYN & LOUIS B. MAYER JOINED TOGETHER TO FORM THIS COMPANY Q - WHAT IS M-G-M? Category: WHAT THE DEVIL A - MIA FARROW HAS SATAN'S SON IN THIS ROMAN POLANSKI CHILLER Q - WHAT IS ROSEMARY'S BABY? A - FILM IN WHICH *MR. APPLEGATE* CAUSES N.Y. BASEBALL TEAM TO LOSE THE PENNANT Q - WHAT IS DAMN YANKEES? A - SOMEONE RECKLESSLY BOLD WITH A DEVIL-MAY-CARE ATTITUDE Q - WHAT IS A DAREDEVIL? A - HE'S UP AGAINST THE DEVIL IN STEPHEN VINCENT BENET'S SHORT STORY Q - WHO IS DANIEL WEBSTER? A - A PERSON WHO CHAMPIONS A CAUSE PURELY FOR SAKE OF ARGUMENT Q - WHAT IS A DEVIL'S ADVOCATE? -------- GROUP 12 -------- Category: CONSTITUTION A - OTHER NAME FOR AMENDMENTS ONE THROUGH TEN Q - WHAT IS THE BILL OF RIGHTS? A - WITH THE EXCEPTION OF IMPEACHMENT, ARTICLE III STATES ALL TRIALS SHALL BE BY ONE OF THESE Q - WHAT IS BY JURY? A - THE CONSTITUTION SETS 35 YEARS AS THE MINIMUM AGE FOR THIS ELECTIVE OFFICE Q - WHAT IS THE PRESIDENCY? A - THE PRESIDENT *SHALL FROM TIME TO TIME GIVE TO THE CONGRESS INFORMATION* ON *THE STATE OF THIS* Q - WHAT IS THE UNION? A - AS PRESIDENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, HIS NAME HEADS THE LIST OF SIGNERS Q - WHO IS GEORGE WASHINGTON? Category: FEATHER FRIENDS A - THESE BIRDS DRILL HOLES IN TREES FOR THEIR NESTS THOUGH WOODY PREFERRED A BED Q - WHAT ARE WOODPECKERS? A - THE MALES OF THE *BALTIMORE* VARIETY ARE A SHOWY ORANGE AND BLACK Q - WHAT ARE ORIOLES? A - OF THE RED BIRDS FOUND IN AMERICA, IT'S THE ONLY ONE WITH A CREST Q - WHAT IS A CARDINAL? A - THIS SONGBIRD COUSIN OF THE MOCKINGBIRD IS NAMED FOR ITS MEWING CALL Q - WHAT IS A CATBIRD? A - THIS FORESTED CONTINENT HAS 2/3 OF ALL KNOWN BIRD SPECIES Q - WHAT IS SOUTH AMERICA? Category: BIG BANDS A - BENNY GOODMAN'S INSTRUMENT Q - WHAT IS THE CLARINET? A - THIS BAND LEADER MARRIED HIS VOCALIST HARRIET HILLIARD Q - WHO IS OZZIE NELSON? A - DURING THE '40'S, DORIS DAY WAS A VOCALIST WITH HIS *BAND OF RENOWN* Q - WHO IS LES BROWN? A - IN 1935, HE WALKED OUT ON BROTHER JIMMY TO FORM HIS OWN BAND Q - WHO IS TOMMY DORSEY? A - AUDIENCES USED TO *SWING AND SWAY* WITH THIS BANDLEADER Q - WHO IS SAMMY KAYE? Category: NY NY A - A *TOKEN* WILL GET YOU A RIDE ON THE BUS OR THIS OTHER FORM OF TRANSPORTATION Q - WHAT IS A SUBWAY? A - BUROUGH THAT WAS ORIGINALLY HOME TO BASEBALL TEAM NOW IN LOS ANGELES Q - WHAT IS BROOKLYN? A - MANHATTAN WAS BOUGHT FROM THE INDIANS IN 1626 FOR TRINKETS WORTH THIS AMOUNT Q - WHAT IS $24.00? A - INTERNATIONAL PEACE ORGANIZATION FORMED IN '45, NOW HOUSED ALONG THE EAST RIVER Q - WHAT IS THE UNITED NATIONS? A - YEAR INSCRIBED ON THE TABLET HELD IN THE STATUE OF LIBERTY'S LEFT ARM Q - WHAT IS 1776? Category: CRIME & PUNISHMENT A - THIS OUTLAW WAS ALLEGEDLY SHOT IN THE BACK BY BOB FORD, APRIL 3, 1882 Q - WHO IS JESSE JAMES? A - THIS FALL RIVER, MASS. SPINSTER WAS ACQUITTED OF KILLING HER PARENTS WITH AN AX Q - WHO IS LIZZIE BORDEN? A - *THE LADY IN RED* LED HIM TO AN FBI AMBUSH IN CHICAGO IN 1934 Q - WHO IS JOHN DILLINGER? A - IN 1931, THIS NOTORIOUS GANGSTER RECEIVED STIFFEST TAX EVASION PENALTY EVER Q - WHO IS AL CAPONE? A - THOUGH DEFENDED BY THIS FAMOUS LAWYER, LEOPOLD & LOEB WERE CONVICTED OF KIDNAPPING AND MURDER Q - WHO IS CLARENCE DARROW? Category: SHALL WE DANCE A - IT TAKES TWO TO DO THIS IN HERNANDO'S HIDEAWAY Q - WHAT IS TANGO? A - HAWAIIAN DANCE ONCE OUTLAWED BY MISSIONARIES Q - WHAT IS THE HULA? A - WILD GYPSY DANCERS TRADITIONALLY HOLD THIS FLOWER IN THEIR TEETH Q - WHAT IS A ROSE? A - DIRECTOR, CHOREOGRAPHER, ACTOR BOB FOSSE MADE THIS SEMI-AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL FILM STARRING ROY SCHEIDER Q - WHAT IS ALL THAT JAZZ? A - OFTEN DONE AT SQUARE DANCES, THIS DANCE HAS A STATE IN ITS NAME Q - WHAT IS THE VIRGINIA REEL? -------- GROUP 13 -------- Category: LONDON A - THE STREET ADDRESS OF THE PRIME MINISTER'S RESIDENCE Q - WHAT IS 10 DOWNING STREET? A - NOT THE CLOCK, BUT THE BELL IN THE TOWER OF THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT Q - WHAT IS BIG BEN? A - DIALECT KNOWN FOR DROPPING *H*S & RHYMING SLANG Q - WHAT IS COCKNEY? A - LONDONERS CALL THIS *THE TUBE* Q - WHAT IS THE SUBWAY? A - ALL BRITISH ROYALTY SINCE WILLIAM I HAVE BEEN CROWNED THERE Q - WHAT IS WESTMINSTER ABBEY? Category: PARTNERS A - SLAPSTICK COMICS HOWARD, FINE & HOWARD Q - WHO ARE THE THREE STOOGES? A - LATE PARTNER OF GAME SHOW MOGUL GOODSON Q - WHO IS TODMAN? A - AT FORT APACHE, HE WAS RUSTY'S CANINE PARTNER Q - WHO IS RIN TIN TIN? A - CLINT EASTWOOD'S LEADING LADY Q - WHO IS SONDRA LOCKE? A - PARTNER WHO REPLACED BEANE IN THE NAME OF STOCK FIRM MERRILL, LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER, & ... Q - WHAT IS SMITH? Category: WOMEN IN HISTORY A - BORN IN THE U.S.S.R., SHE LIVED IN MILWAUKEE & LATER BECAME ISREAL'S PRIME MINISTER Q - WHO IS GOLDA MEIR? A - HER MARRIAGE TO FERDINAND UNITED THE KINGDOMS OF CASTILE & ARAGON Q - WHO IS QUEEN ISABELLA? A - THE HATCHET-SWINGING DESTROYER OF MANY KANSAS SALOONS Q - WHO IS CARRY NATION? A - SISTER OF CESARE, NOTED FOR BEAUTY, WICKEDNESS & A FREE HAND WITH POISON Q - WHO IS LUCREZIA BORGIA? A - SHE FOUNDED THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MOVEMENT Q - WHO IS MARY BAKER EDDY? Category: SPORTS A - THE WORD FOR *ZERO* IN TENNIS Q - WHAT IS LOVE? A - IT'S CALLED *THE HOUSE THAT RUTH BUILT* Q - WHAT IS YANKEE STADIUM? A - THE WINNER OF THIS GOLF TOURNAMENT GETS A GREEN JACKET Q - WHAT IS THE MASTERS? A - AFTER RETIRING FROM BASKETBALL, WILT CHAMBERLAIN PLAYED THIS SPORT Q - WHAT IS VOLLEYBALL? A - HE WAS THE FIRST HEAVYWEIGHT TO REGAIN THE TITLE Q - WHO IS FLOYD PATTERSON? Category: FICTIONAL CAPTAINS A - HE CAPTAINED JULES VERNE'S SUBMARINE, NAUTILUS Q - WHO IS CAPTAIN NEMO? A - HE SAT AT THE HELM OF THE STARSHIP ENTERPRISE Q - WHO IS CAPTAIN KIRK? A - ERROL FLYNN PLAYED THIS FREEBOOTER WITH A SANGUINARY NAME Q - WHO IS CAPTAIN BLOOD? A - HE HAD A PAIR OF STEEL BALLS & AN OBSESSION WITH STRAWBERRIES Q - WHO IS CAPTAIN QUEEG? A - HE HAD GRAY HAIR, A SCARRED FACE & A LEG MADE OF WHALEBONE Q - WHO IS CAPTAIN AHAB? Category: *BABY* TALK A - THE CANDY BAR NAMED AFTER PRESIDENT CLEVELAND'S OLDEST DAUGHTER Q - WHAT IS A BABY RUTH? A - POPULAR IN BOUQUETS, THIS PLANT IS COVERED WITH SMALL WHITE FLOWERS Q - WHAT IS BABY'S BREATH? A - THIS OVERSIZED CARTOON GOOSE WEARS DIAPERS & A BONNET Q - WHO IS BABY HUEY? A - A PIANO FIVE TO SIX FEET IN LENGTH Q - WHAT IS A BABY GRAND? A - IN THIS FRANK LOESSER DUET, IT'S A SUITOR'S REPLY TO *I REALLY MUST GO* Q - WHAT IS BABY, IT'S COLD OUTSIDE? -------- GROUP 14 -------- Category: MOUNTAINS A - DISNEY THEME PARK RIDE IS MODELED AFTER THIS FAMOUS SWISS MOUNTAIN Q - WHAT IS THE MATTERHORN? A - SNOWY TANZANIAN PEAK IN TITLE OF A FAMOUS HEMINGWAY STORY Q - WHAT IS MT. KILIMANJARO? A - ALONG WITH WASHINGTON, JEFFERSON & LINCOLN, THE FOURTH PRESIDENT CARVED ON MT. RUSHMORE Q - WHO IS THEODORE ROOSEVELT? A - NOAH'S ARK CAME TO REST HERE AFTER THE FLOOD Q - WHAT IS MT. ARARAT? A - THE MOUNTAIN RANGE IN WHICH MOUNT ACONCAGUA IS THE HIGHEST PEAK Q - WHAT ARE THE ANDES? Category: TRADEMARKS A - *CHAMPAGNE MUSIC* & A BUBBLE MACHINE Q - WHO IS LAWRENCE WELK? A - THE ROCK OF GIBRALTAR IS THE CORPORATE SYMBOL OF THIS INSURANCE COMPANY Q - WHAT IS THE PRUDENTIAL? A - THIS POP MUSIC STAR'S FLAMBOYANT EYEGLASSES ARE STILL HIS TRADEMARK Q - WHO IS ELTON JOHN? A - A FAMOUS FANFARE & SEARCHLIGHTS IDENTIFY THIS MOVIE STUDIO Q - WHAT IS 20TH CENTURY FOX? A - BREED OF HORSE ADOPTED AS SYMBOL OF ANHEUSER-BUSCH BREWERIES Q - WHAT ARE CLYDESDALES? Category: MOVIE A - IN *DR. DOOLITTLE*, REX HARRISON SANG OF HIS WISH TO TALK TO THEM Q - WHO ARE THE ANIMALS? A - THIS RODGERS & HAMMERSTEIN MUSICAL FEATURED THE SONG *CLIMB EVERY MOUNTAIN* Q - WHAT IS THE SOUND OF MUSIC? A - FRANK STALLONE'S SONGS PUSHED THE BEE GEES ASIDE IN THIS SEQUEL TO *SATURDAY NIGHT FEVER* Q - WHAT IS STAYING ALIVE? A - THIS 1972 OSCAR-NOMINATED TUNE, SUNG BY MICHAEL JACKSON, IS A LOVE SONG TO A RAT Q - WHAT IS BEN? A - BARBRA STREISAND & PAUL WILLIAMS WROTE THIS OSCAR WINNER Q - WHAT IS EVERGREEN? Category: TREES A - THE SAP OF THIS TREE PROVIDES A COMPLIMENT TO PANCAKES Q - WHAT IS THE MAPLE? A - ASPIRIN IS DERIVED FROM THE BARK OF THIS *WEEPING* TREE Q - WHAT IS THE WILLOW? A - JAPANESE PRACTICE OF PRUNING & SCULPTURING MINIATURE TREES Q - WHAT IS BONSAI? A - THE EVERGREEN WHOSE NAME IS SYNONYMOUS WITH LONGBOWS MADE FROM ITS WOOD Q - WHAT IS THE YEW? A - THE TERM FOR TREES THAT SHED THEIR LEAVES ANNUALLY Q - WHAT IS DECIDUOUS? Category: THE FUNNIES A - IT'S CHARLIE BROWN'S FAMOUS EXCLAMATION OF ANGUISH Q - WHAT IS GOOD GRIEF? A - SHARP-PROFILED DETECTIVE WHOSE ADOPTED SON IS NAMED JUNIOR Q - WHO IS DICK TRACY? A - THIS TINY TERROR WAS CREATED BY HANK KETCHAM IN 1951 Q - WHO IS DENNIS THE MENACE? A - HE'S DAGWOOD BUMSTEAD'S BOSS Q - WHO IS MR. DITHERS? A - STRIP ABOUT A FIREMAN IN WHICH NONSENSE PHRASE *NOTARY SOJAC* FREQUENTLY APPEARED Q - WHAT IS SMOKEY STOVER? Category: *LAST* CHANCE A - IT'S THE BEST LAUGH Q - WHAT IS THE LAST LAUGH? A - IT HAPPENED JUNE 25THM 1876 AT THE LITTLE BIG HORN RIVER IN MONTANA Q - WHAT IS CUSTER'S LAST STAND? A - THE PLACE A DYIN' COWPOKE'S *HEADED FOR* Q - WHAT IS THE LAST ROUNDUP? A - NON-DISPARAGING INTRODUCTION OF A FINAL ARTICLE OR PERSON Q - WHAT IS LAST BUT NOT LEAST? A - A TERM FROM TRENCH WARFARE, IT MEANS A FINAL STAND Q - WHAT IS A LAST-DITCH EFFORT? -------- GROUP 15 -------- Category: U.S. PRESIDENTS A - THIS PRESIDENT WAS CRITICIZED FOR TRYING TO PACK THE SUPREME COURT Q - WHO IS FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT? A - HIS TELEVISED PRESS CONFERENCES WERE CALLED THE *BEST MATINEE IN TOWN* Q - WHO IS KENNEDY? A - *OLD HICKORY*, HE WAS THE ONLY PRESIDENT TO PUBLICLY THREATEN TO HANG THE VICE PRESIDENT Q - WHO IS JACKSON? A - HE SAID, *IF YOU CAN'T STAND THE HEAT, GET OUT OF THE KITCHEN* Q - WHO IS TRUMAN? A - THIS PRESIDENT ALSO SERVED AS CHIEF JUSTICE Q - WHO IS TAFT? Category: FOREIGN PHRASES A - IN FRANCE, IT'S PARAPLUIE, IN BRITISH SLANG, A *BROLLY* Q - WHAT IS AN UMBRELLA? A - THIS GERMAN WORD EXPRESSES THE PASSION FOR TRAVELING Q - WHAT IS WANDERLUST? A - IN ITALIAN, THIS MEANS IN A LOW VOICE OR UNDER ONE'S BREATH Q - WHAT IS SOTTO VOCE? A - A RUSSIAN CARRIAGE DRAWN BY 3 HORSES ABREAST Q - WHAT IS A TROIKA? A - THE MEANING OF TONTO'S *KEMO SABE* Q - WHAT IS FAITHFUL FRIEND? Category: FAMOUS STRUCTURES A - SHE'S 151 FEET FROM SANDALS TO TORCH Q - WHAT IS THE STATUE OF LIBERTY? A - RENOWNED AS INDIA'S LOVELIEST BUILDING, IT IS ACTUALLY A WHITE MARBLE TOMB Q - WHAT IS THE TAJ MAHAL? A - THIS STRUCTURE SEPARATING EAST AND WEST WAS ERECTED OVERNIGHT IN AUGUST OF 1961 Q - WHAT IS THE BERLIN WALL? A - THE ONLY MANMADE STRUCTURE VISIBLE FROM ORBITING SPACE CRAFT Q - WHAT IS THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA? A - THIS TUNNEL THROUGH THE ALPS CONNECTS FRANCE AND ITALY Q - WHAT IS THE MONT BLANC TUNNEL? Category: FLOWERS A - IT'S THE FLOWER ASSOCIATED WITH PASADENA AND NEW YEARS DAY Q - WHAT IS THE ROSE? A - THE SOURCE OF OPIUM Q - WHAT IS THE POPPY? A - THIS FLOWER'S ROOT IS ROASTED AS A COFFEE SUBSTITUTE Q - WHAT IS CHICORY? A - THIS *WEED* IS GOOD FOR SALADS, WINE, MEDICINE & A COFFEE SUBSTITUTE Q - WHAT IS THE DANDELION? A - FLORIDA'S STATE FLOWER, IT IS USED AS A SYMBOL OF GOOD LUCK IN BRIDAL BOUQUETS Q - WHAT IS THE ORANGE BLOSSOM? Category: T.V. A - HE ASKS CHILDREN *WON'T YOU BE MY NEIGHBOR* Q - WHO IS MR. ROGERS? A - *I SEE NOTHING, I HEAR NOTHING* WAS HIS STANDARD COP-OUT ON *HOGANS HEROES* Q - WHO IS SERGEANT SCHULTZ? A - THIS ASTRONAUT WON 25,000 ON *NAME THAT TUNE* Q - WHO IS JOHN GLENN? A - THIS FICTITIOUS NEWSPAPER EMPLOYED LOU GRANT Q - WHAT IS THE LOS ANGELES TRIBUNE? A - MARY RICHARDS WORKED FOR THIS TV STATION Q - WHAT IS WJM-TV? Category: SOLID, JACKSON A - DIANA ROSS DISCOVERED THIS NUMERICALLY NAMED FAMILY SINGING GROUP Q - WHO ARE THE JACKSON FIVE? A - JACKSON IS THE CAPITAL AND LARGEST CITY OF THIS SOUTHERN STATE Q - WHAT IS MISSISSIPPI? A - *SHOELESS JOE* JACKSON WAS INVOLVED IN THIS SPORT'S GREATEST SCANDAL Q - WHAT IS BASEBALL? A - HOW THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON WAS KNOWN AFTER HIS FIRM STAND AT BULL RUN Q - WHO IS STONEWALL JACKSON? A - GOSPEL SINGER WHO TRAINED HERSELF IN BAPTIST CHOIRS OF LOUISIANA Q - WHO IS MAHALIA JACKSON? -------- GROUP 16 -------- Category: HIGHER EDUCATION A - NAME OF DEGREE ABBREVIATED BY LETTERS PHD Q - WHAT IS DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY? A - S.A.T. IS THE ABBREVIATION FOR THIS COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAM Q - WHAT IS SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE TEST? A - IT IS THE FEE PAID FOR INSTRUCTION AT A COLLEGE Q - WHAT IS TUITION? A - 1944 LAW GRANTING FUNDS TO VETERANS FOR SCHOOLING Q - WHAT IS THE G.I. BILL? A - ONCE PRESIDENT OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, HE LATER BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE U.S. Q - WHO IS WOODROW WILSON? Category: MISTERS A - HAS *BAD ATTITUDE* ON *THE A TEAM* Q - WHO IS MR. T? A - WILBUR'S TALKING HORSE Q - WHO IS MR. ED? A - NEARSIGHTED CARTOON CHARACTER WITH VOICE OF JIM BACKUS Q - WHO IS MR. MAGOO? A - R.L. STEVENSON'S CHARACTER, DEMONIC SIDE OF DOCTOR'S PERSONALITY Q - WHO IS MR. HYDE? A - HENRY FONDA PLAYED THIS W.W.II CHARACTER ON BROADWAY & ON FILM Q - WHO IS MR. ROBERTS? Category: OLD TESTAMENT A - GARDEN WHERE ADAM AND EVE FIRST DWELLED Q - WHAT IS EDEN? A - HE SPENT THREE DAYS INSIDE THE STOMACH OF A *GREAT FISH* Q - WHO IS JONAH? A - IN GENESIS, THE LORD RAINED *BRIMSTONE & FIRE* UPON SODOM & THIS OTHER SINFUL CITY Q - WHAT IS GOMORRAH? A - ABRAHAM'S WIFE WAS 90 YEARS OLD WHEN SHE HAD HER FIRST CHILD, ISAAC Q - WHO IS SARAH? A - IN THE 23RD PSALM, *THOU ANOINTEST MY HEAD WITH* THIS Q - WHAT IS OIL? Category: FOREIGN PHRASES A - HAWAIIAN PHRASE MEANING *HELLO*, *GOODBYE*, OR *WELCOME* Q - WHAT IS ALOHA? A - BAKED WITH A CHEESE OR CRUMB TOPPING Q - WHAT IS AU GRATIN? A - ITALIAN FOR DINING IN THE OPEN AIR Q - WHAT IS AL FRESCO? A - THE LITERAL MEANING OF THIS JAPANESE PHRASE IS *DIVINE WIND* Q - WHAT IS KAMIKAZE? A - THE GREEK WORD, MEANING *I HAVE FOUND IT*, IS THE STATE MOTTO OF CALIFORNIA Q - WHAT IS EUREKA? Category: UNREAL ESTATE A - ALICE MET THE MAD HATTER AND THE WHITE RABBIT THERE Q - WHAT IS WONDERLAND? A - THIS TV SERIES WAS CENTERED AROUND *STALAG 13* Q - WHAT IS HOGAN'S HEROES? A - *IT'S NOT ON ANY CHART, YOU MUST FIND IT IN YOUR HEART* Q - WHAT IS NEVER-NEVERLAND? A - WHERE KUBLA KHAN AND CITIZEN KANE LIVED Q - WHAT IS XANADU? A - DOROTHY'S HOUSE LANDED IN THIS PART OF OZ Q - WHAT IS MUNCHKINLAND? Category: *PAN* HANDLES A - A BREAKFAST FOOD, OR AS VERB, *TO FLATTEN DOWN* Q - WHAT IS A PANCAKE? A - IN THE HOME, A ROOM OR AREA ADJACENT TO A KITCHEN Q - WHAT IS A PANTRY? A - A COMPLETE AND UNOBSTRUCTED VIEW, A SCENIC LANDSCAPE Q - WHAT IS A PANORAMA? A - GLAND BEHIND STOMACH WHICH ASSISTS IN THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS Q - WHAT IS THE PANCREAS? A - MYTHICAL CONTAINER WHICH WHEN OPENED RELEASED ALL MISERIES TO THE WORLD Q - WHAT IS PANDORA'S BOX? -------- GROUP 17 -------- Category: COLORFUL SONGS A - TIE IT 'ROUND THE OLD OAK TREE FOR TONY ORLANDO Q - WHAT IS A YELLOW RIBBON? A - A 1960'S HIT BY THE ROLLING STONES SAID TO *PAINT IT* THIS COLOR Q - WHAT IS BLACK? A - *COLOUR BY NUMBERS* IS A HIT ALBUM FOR THIS COLORFUL BRITISH BAND Q - WHAT IS CULTURE CLUB? A - HE COMES BOB-BOB-BOBBIN ALONG Q - WHO IS RED RED ROBIN? A - BEST COUNTRY SONG OF 1968, IT STATES, *IT DON'T RAIN IN INDIANAPOLIS IN THE SUMMERTIME...* Q - WHAT IS LITTLE GREEN APPLES? Category: FRENCH PHRASES A - ASSOCIATED WITH ICE CREAM, IT IS FRENCH FOR *ACCORDING TO THE FASHION* Q - WHAT IS A LA MODE? A - IT'S THE DAY CONTAINED IN *MARDI GRAS* Q - WHAT IS TUESDAY? A - THIS FRENCH EXCLAMATION MEANS *BEHOLD* Q - WHAT IS VOILA? A - *COUP DE GRACE*, IT WOULD BE APPROPRIATE ON THE 18TH GREEN Q - WHAT IS THE FINISHING STROKE? A - FRENCH FOR *BLUE RIBBON* IT REFERS TO A COOK OF THE HIGHEST EXCELLENCE Q - WHAT IS CORDON BLEU? Category: BIOLOGY A - OF PLANTS OR ANIMALS, THE ONE WITH CELLS THAT HAVE CELL WALLS Q - WHAT ARE PLANTS? A - IT HAS THE LARGEST BRAIN OF ALL LAND MAMMELS Q - WHAT IS THE ELEPHANT? A - THE DEVICE FOR WHICH ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK IS MOST FAMOUS Q - WHAT IS THE MICROSCOPE? A - THIS PART OF A TREE PROVIDES IT WITH ABOUT 85 PERCENT OF ITS NEEDED WATER SUPPLY Q - WHAT ARE THE ROOTS? A - THESE CHEMICALS ACT AS CATALYSTS IN DIGESTION Q - WHAT ARE ENZYMES? Category: KIDDIE LITERATURE A - DWARF WHO COULD SPIN STRAW INTO GOLD Q - WHO IS RUMPELSTILTSKIN? A - *MEDICAL* PEN NAME OF CREATOR OF BARTHOLOMEW CUBBINS & THE GRINCH Q - WHO IS DR. SEUSS? A - WRITTEN FROM KIPLING'S EXOTIC TRAVELS, IT WAS ALSO A DISNEY CARTOON Q - WHAT IS THE JUNGLE BOOK? A - THREE MOVIE VERSIONS OF S.E. HINTON'S NOVELS FOR TEENAGERS HAVE FEATURED THIS YOUNG ACTOR Q - WHO IS MATT DILLON? A - IN THE *FREDDY THE DETECTIVE* STORIES, FREDDIE WAS ONE OF THESE ANIMALS Q - WHAT IS A PIG? Category: THE *BUCK* STOPS HERE A - GIL GERARD PLAYED THIS SPACE ADVENTURER IN THE RECENT TV VERSION Q - WHO IS BUCK ROGERS? A - AUTHORESS OF *THE GOOD EARTH*, SHE WON THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR LITERATURE Q - WHO IS PEARL BUCK? A - BIG-GAME HUNTER FAMOUS FOR *BRINGING THEM BACK ALIVE* Q - WHO IS FRANK BUCK? A - EDDIE MURPHY SATIRIZES THIS *LITTLE RASCALS* CHARACTER Q - WHO IS BUCKWHEAT? A - A TREE RELATED TO THE HORSE CHESTNUT, IT IS THE STATE OF OHIO'S NICKNAME Q - WHAT IS THE BUCKEYE? Category: WORLD LEADERS A - YUGOSLAVIA'S FIRST AND LONGEST-LIVED PRESIDENT Q - WHO IS TITO? A - JAPAN'S ROYAL RULER SINCE 1926 Q - WHO IS HIROHITO? A - HIS U.S. PRESIDENCY SAW THE END OF WORLD WAR II AND THE START OF THE KOREAN WAR Q - WHO IS HARRY S. TRUMAN? A - INDIA'S PRIME MINISTER WHOSE FATHER ALSO HELD OFFICE Q - WHO IS INDIRA GANDHI? A - HAILE SELASSIE WAS THE LAST EMPEROR OF THIS AFRICAN NATION Q - WHAT IS ETHIOPIA? -------- GROUP 18 -------- Category: CHEMISTRY A - WITH EARTH, WIND & FIRE, THE FOURTH OF THE ELEMENTS WHICH THE GREEKS BELIEVED MADE UP EVERYTHING ON EARTH Q - WHAT IS WATER? A - THIS INERT TRACE ELEMENT IN OUR ATMOSPHERE HAS THE NAME OF THE PLANET OF SUPERMAN'S BIRTH Q - WHAT IS KRYPTON? A - COMBINING SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY & MAGIC, IT WAS MAIN SOURCE OF CHEMICAL KNOWLEDGE THROUGH 1500'S Q - WHAT IS ALCHEMY? A - IT IS THE CENTRAL CORE OF THE ATOM Q - WHAT IS THE NUCLEUS? A - NAME GIVEN THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE THEORETICALLY POSSIBLE Q - WHAT IS ABSOLUTE ZERO? Category: HOLD YOUR HORSES A - LOOKING AT THESE IS THE BEST WAY TO JUDGE A HORSE'S AGE Q - WHAT ARE TEETH? A - ONE OF THESE IS EQUAL TO THE ENERGY OF RAISING 33,000 LBS. ONE FOOT HIGH IN ONE MINUTE Q - WHAT IS A HORSEPOWER? A - THIS TERM FOR A FEMALE FOAL IS OFTEN HEARD IN RACING Q - WHAT IS FILLY? A - THIS SLANG EXPRESSION OF INCREDULITY IS THE TITLE OF MARX BROTHERS FILM Q - WHAT IS HORSEFEATHERS? A - SHAKESPEARIAN MONARCH WHO OFFERED HIS KINGDOM FOR A HORSE Q - WHO IS RICHARD III? Category: BODIES OF WATER A - THIS *LARGE RIVER* RUNS ALONG THE TEXAS-MEXICO BORDER Q - WHAT IS THE RIO GRANDE? A - LARGEST BODY OF FRESH WATER IN NORTH AMERICA Q - WHAT IS LAKE SUPERIOR? A - THE GOLD OF THE NIBELUNG IS SAID TO BE HIDDEN IN THIS GERMAN RIVER Q - WHAT IS THE RHINE? A - WITH 3,662,200 SQUARE MILES, IT'S THE SMALLEST, AS WELL AS COLDEST OCEAN Q - WHAT IS THE ARCTIC OCEAN? A - THE WORLD'S 3RD LONGEST RIVER, ITS CHINESE NAME MEANS *CHILD OF THE OCEAN* Q - WHAT IS THE YANGTZE? Category: BROTHER & SISTER A - COUGH DROP MAKERS LABELLED *TRADE & MARK* Q - WHO ARE THE SMITH BROTHERS? A - IN GRAMMAR SCHOOL BOOKS THIS BROTHER & SISTER OWN SPOT & PUFF Q - WHO ARE DICK & JANE? A - *WE'VE ONLY JUST BEGUN* AND *CLOSE TO YOU* WERE TWO OF THEIR BIGGEST HITS Q - WHO ARE THE CARPENTERS? A - DEAR ABBY'S SISTER WHO IS ALSO AN ADVICE COLUMNIST Q - WHO IS ANN LANDERS? A - PHIL AND DON, THEY TRIED TO *WAKE UP LITTLE SUSIE* Q - WHO ARE THE EVERLY BROTHERS? Category: EAT YOUR VEGGIES A - IN BOSTON, THESE ARE BAKED WITH DARK MOLASSES & BACON Q - WHAT ARE BEANS? A - THE RUSSIAN SOUP MADE FROM BEETS OR CABBAGE IS CALLED THIS Q - WHAT IS BORSCHT? A - DOUGLAS MACARTHUR & MAMMY YOKUM'S PIPE OF CHOICE Q - WHAT IS CORNCOB? A - TINY TUBERS OR SOMETHING OF MINOR IMPORTANCE Q - WHAT ARE SMALL POTATOES? A - THE FINEST WHITE SPECIES OF CHICK-PEAS RECEIVED THIS NAME IN SPAIN Q - WHAT ARE GARBANZOS? Category: DOUBLE TROUBLE A - TWO BASEBALL GAMES PLAYED BY THE SAME TWO TEAMS IN ONE DAY Q - WHAT IS A DOUBLE HEADER? A - MEANINGLESS SYLLABLES MADE TO SEEM *INTELLIGLE* Q - WHAT IS DOUBLE TALK? A - TWO IMAGES ON A PHOTO SHOT AT DIFFERENT TIMES, BUT BOTH VISIBLE Q - WHAT IS A DOUBLE EXPOSURE? A - A FAST MILITARY MARCH Q - WHAT IS DOUBLE TIME? A - LOWEST OF THE ORCHESTRAL WIND INSTRUMENTS, ALSO INDICATED BY PREFIX *CONTRA* Q - WHAT IS A DOUBLE BASSOON? -------- GROUP 19 -------- Category: COMPOSERS A - AUSTRIAN PRODIGY WHO, AT AGE 14, COULD WRITE WHOLE SYMPHONIC SCORES FROM MEMORY Q - WHO IS MOZART? A - BROADWAY GREAT WHO WROTE *THERE'S NO BUSINESS LIKE SHOW BUSINESS* & *WHITE CHRISTMAS* Q - WHO IS IRVING BERLIN? A - ZANY TV SHOW HOST WHO DIDN'T GET GONGED WHEN HE WROTE *PALISADES PARK* Q - WHO IS CHUCK BARRIS? A - BRASS INSTRUMENT NAMED AFTER PATRIOTIC COMPOSER CALLED *THE MARCH KING* Q - WHAT IS A SOUSAPHONE? A - FRIENDS SAID HE WAS INITIALLY REPULSED BY GEORGE SAND, FINDING HER *DUMPY* Q - WHO IS CHOPIN? Category: FOOD A - IT'S CALLED *YAKIMONO* IN JAPAN WHEN BROILED, *SASHIMI* WHEN SERVED RAW Q - WHAT IS FISH? A - WE OWE ITS DISCOVERY IN 1688 TO A BENEDICTINE MONK NAMED DOM PERIGNON Q - WHAT IS CHAMPAGNE? A - NAME OF THIS MEXICAN CLASSIC ACTUALLY MEANS COVERED WITH OR FLAVORED WITH CHILE Q - WHAT IS AN ENCHILADA? A - WHEN SPOONED ONTO DESSERTS IN VIENNA, IT'S CALLED *SCHLAG* Q - WHAT IS WHIPPED CREAM? A - INTRODUCED BY ROMANS, WHO BROKE THEM OVER THE HEADS OF BRIDES Q - WHAT ARE WEDDING CAKES? Category: AMERICAN CITIES A - TENNESSEE TOWN OF CHOO-CHOO FAME Q - WHAT IS CHATTANOOGA? A - IT'S CALLED *THE MILE HIGH CITY* Q - WHAT IS DENVER? A - *THE HOME OF THE BEAN* & *THE COD* Q - WHAT IS BOSTON? A - CARL SANDBURG CALLED IT *HOG BUTCHER TO THE WORLD* Q - WHAT IS CHICAGO? A - IN *MUSIC MAN*, HAROLD HILL SINGS A TRIBUTE TO THIS, HIS INDIANA HOMETOWN Q - WHAT IS GARY? Category: ALL FOURS A - CARD GAME FOR WHICH THREE PLAYERS ALWAYS SEEM IN NEED OF THE *FOURTH* Q - WHAT IS BRIDGE? A - HE CALLS THE SIGNALS IN FOOTBALL Q - WHAT IS THE QUARTERBACK? A - THIS YOUTH CLUB'S NAME STANDS FOR HEAD, HEART, HANDS & HEALTH Q - WHAT IS 4-H? A - AN ATYPICAL PLANT OF THE GENUS TRIFOLIUM Q - WHAT IS A 4-LEAF CLOVER? A - WORD FOR A POETIC STANZA OF 4 LINES Q - WHAT IS A QUATRAIN? Category: FRIENDS A - THE NEIGHBORS YOU ALWAYS FEEL OBLIGATED TO *KEEP UP WITH* Q - WHO ARE THE JONESES? A - IN COMICS, HE'S JEFF'S BEST FRIEND Q - WHO IS MUTT? A - CAESAR'S FRIEND & BETRAYER Q - WHO IS BRUTUS? A - THE SOUNDTRACK TO THE OBSCURE, *FRIENDS*, WAS WRITTEN BY THIS BRITISH SUPERSTAR Q - WHO IS ELTON JOHN? A - GUNSLINGER PLAYED BY ALAN LADD WHO BECAME JOEY STARRET'S VERY BEST FRIEND Q - WHO IS SHANE? Category: I GET AROUND A - TRANSPORTATION USED BY MARY POPPINS TO GET FROM ONE JOB TO ANOTHER Q - WHAT IS AN UMBRELLA? A - ONE WHO HAS FAILED TO UNDERSTAND OR ACCOMPLISH SOMETHING HAS MISSED THIS Q - WHAT IS THE BOAT? A - LATE SINGER WHOSE CADILLAC WAS PAINTED WITH DIAMOND DUST Q - WHO IS ELVIS PRESLEY? A - ESKIMO VEHICLE SPELT THE SAME FORWARDS & BACKWARDS Q - WHAT IS A KAYAK? A - BIRD RIDDEN BY NIVEN IN *AROUND THE WORLD IN 80 DAYS* Q - WHAT IS AN OSTRICH? -------- GROUP 20 -------- Category: GENERAL ADMIRAL A - ONE EYED ISRAELI GENERAL SKILLED IN DIPLOMACY & WAR Q - WHO IS MOSHE DAYAN? A - FILM NAMED FOR HIM WON BEST PICTURE OSCAR IN 1970 Q - WHO IS GEORGE PATTON? A - BOTH PARTIES WANTED HIM AS THEIR 1952 PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE Q - WHO IS DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER? A - HE COMMANDED THE DEFEATED CONFEDERATE FORCES AT THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG Q - WHO IS ROBERT E. LEE? A - HEROIC REVOLUTIONARY WAR ADMIRAL WHO CAME TO AMERICA FLEEING MURDER CHARGE Q - WHO IS JOHN PAUL JONES? Category: TOOLS A - PETER, PAUL & MARY SANG OF HAVING ONE OF THESE Q - WHAT IS A HAMMER? A - MUSICIAN'S SLANG FOR AN INSTRUMENT, OR A TOOL FOR CHOPPING WOOD Q - WHAT IS AN AX? A - GOOD FOR NAILS, STORING RECORDS, OR FILLING A PRISONER'S CAKE Q - WHAT IS A FILE? A - THE POUNDER USED WITH A MORTAR Q - WHAT IS A PESTLE? A - THE PERIOD FOLLOWING THE STONE AGE WHEN METAL TOOLS WERE FIRST USED Q - WHAT IS THE BRONZE AGE? Category: MIDDLE NAMES A - POET & AUTHOR EDGAR POE'S Q - WHAT IS ALLAN? A - PLAYWRIGHT GEORGE SHAW'S Q - WHAT IS BERNARD? A - ACTOR JAN VINCENT'S Q - WHAT IS MICHAEL? A - NEWSMAN JOHN SWAYZE'S Q - WHAT IS CAMERON? A - AMERICAN HUMORIST SAMUEL CLEMENS' Q - WHAT IS LANGHORNE? Category: EGYPT A - OF THE 7 WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD, ONLY THESE REMAIN Q - WHAT ARE THE PYRAMIDS? A - LEADER ASSASSINATED IN 1981 Q - WHO IS ANWAR SADAT? A - IT'S EGYPT'S OFFICIAL LANGUAGE Q - WHAT IS ARABIC? A - DISRAELI'S DREAM Q - WHAT IS THE SUEZ CANAL? A - ARTIFACT WHICH PROVED THE KEY TO UNDERSTANDING HIEROGLYPHICS Q - WHAT IS THE ROSETTA STONE? Category: BASEBALL A - THERE WAS NO JOY IN MUDVILLE WHEN THIS MIGHTY BATTER STRUCK OUT Q - WHO IS CASEY? A - THE CY YOUNG AWARD GOES TO THE BEST PLAYER AT THIS POSITION Q - WHAT IS A PITCHER? A - A HOME RUN HIT WITH THE BASES LOADED Q - WHAT IS A GRAND SLAM? A - IN 8,399 TIMES AT BAT, THIS SLUGGER, NICKNAMED THE *BAMBINO*, SCORED 5,793 BASES Q - WHO IS BABE RUTH? A - THIS CIVIL WAR OFFICER IS THOUGHT BY MANY TO HAVE INVENTED THE GAME Q - WHO IS ABNER DOUBLEDAY? Category: JUST DESSERT A - THESE TINY CANDIES *MELT IN YOUR MOUTH, NOT IN YOUR HAND* Q - WHAT ARE M&M'S? A - NAME GIVEN PEANUT CANDY BECAUSE WHEN YOU BITE IT, IT SHATTERS Q - WHAT IS PEANUT BRITTLE? A - ICE CREAM TREAT CREATED TO AVOID SABBATH BLUE LAW AGAINST SALE OF SODAS Q - WHAT IS A SUNDAE? A - THE BRITISH TERM FOR A SIMPLE COOKIE Q - WHAT IS A BISCUIT? A - MID-EAST DESSERT MADE OF PAPER-THIN LAYERS OF PASTRY, CHOPPED NUTS, & HONEY Q - WHAT IS BAKLAVA? -------- GROUP 21 -------- Category: WORLD CITIES A - IT WAS THE FIRST CANADIAN CITY TO HAVE A MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL TEAM Q - WHAT IS MONTREAL? A - UNTIL 1967, JORDAN CONTROLLED HALF OF THIS MIDEASTERN CAPITAL Q - WHAT IS JERUSALEM? A - YUGOSLAVIA'S CAPITAL, BELGRADE, IS ALSO ON THIS RIVER MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH VIENNA Q - WHAT IS THE DANUBE? A - SITE OF FAMOUS WW II WAR CRIMES TRIALS Q - WHAT IS NUREMBERG? A - THEY SPEAK PORTUGUESE IN THIS SOUTH AMERICAN CAPITAL Q - WHAT IS BRASILIA? Category: OSCARS A - THIS OSCAR STANDS ON TOP OF A REEL OF FILM Q - WHAT IS THE ACADEMY AWARD? A - FELIX UNGER'S SLOVENLY ROOMMATE Q - WHO IS OSCAR MADISON? A - MIDGET CHEF WHO WAS TRADEMARK FOR OSCAR MAYER HOT DOGS Q - WHO IS LITTLE OSCAR? A - YOU'LL FIND HIS SIGNATURE ON CLOTHES, PERFUME & FRAMES FOR GLASSES Q - WHO IS OSCAR DE LA RENTA? A - WROTE *THE BALLAD OF READING GAOL* IN 1898, WHILE IMPRISONED ON MORALS CHARGES Q - WHO IS OSCAR WILDE? Category: LAW A - A DEFAMATORY STATEMENT, IT'S THE WRITTEN COUNTERPART OF A SLANDEROUS UTTERANCE Q - WHAT IS LIBEL? A - PAUL NEWMAN PLAYED A DOWN-AT-THE-HEELS LAWYER IN THIS 1983 FILM Q - WHAT IS THE VERDICT? A - THE PERSON NAMED IN A WILL TO CARRY OUT ITS TERMS Q - WHAT IS A EXECUTOR? A - THIS CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT GUARANTEES THE RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS Q - WHAT IS THE 2ND AMENDMENT? A - FICTIONAL NAME USED AS STANDARD PLAINTIFF IN A COURT CASE Q - WHO IS JOHN DOE? Category: CHILDREN'S CLASSICS A - THE TOY-BEAR HERO OF CHILDREN'S STORIES BY A.A. MILNE Q - WHO IS POOH? A - THE ANTAGONIST OF THE SHERIFF OF NOTTINGHAM Q - WHO IS ROBIN HOOD? A - HE SLEEPS THROUGH THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR Q - WHO IS RIP VAN WINKLE? A - J.R. WYSS RELATED THE ADVENTURES OF A EUROPEAN CLERGYMAN, HIS WIFE & 4 SONS ON AN ISLAND Q - WHO ARE THE SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON? A - EDWARD STRATEMEYER'S SERIES FEATURED THIS BOY INVENTOR'S HAIR-RAISING ADVENTURES Q - WHO IS TOM SWIFT? Category: FADS A - INDIVIDUALIZED DOLLS THAT MUST BE ADOPTED AS WELL AS PURCHASED Q - WHAT ARE CABBAGE PATCH KIDS? A - KIDS EVERYWHERE BEGAN TO SPEAK LIKE THESE AFTER MOON ZAPPA'S HIT SONG SATIRIZED THEIR SPEECH Q - WHO ARE VALLEY GIRLS? A - AN ENERGETIC FORM OF MUSICAL EXHIBITION MADE POPULAR ON BIG CITY STREETS Q - WHAT IS BREAK DANCING? A - CHUBBY CHECKER MADE THIS DANCE POPULAR WITH HIS 1959 HIT Q - WHAT IS THE TWIST? A - 60'S MENSWEAR FASHION WHICH TOOK ITS NAME FROM INDIAN PRIME MINISTER Q - WHAT IS THE NEHRU JACKET? Category: FISHY FOODS A - THREE TYPES OF THIS POPULAR FOOD FISH ARE THE SKIPJACK, BLUEFIN & YELLOWTAIL Q - WHAT IS THE TUNA? A - FISH FROM WHICH *LOX* IS MADE Q - WHAT IS SALMON? A - PRESERVED WHOLE IN OIL, PILCHARDS ARE BETTER KNOWN BY THIS NAME Q - WHAT ARE SARDINES? A - IN ENGLAND THEY'RE PREPARED AS KIPPERS Q - WHAT ARE HERRING? A - FISH ARE THE MAJOR DIET OF ANIMALS ON THIS CONTINENT Q - WHAT IS ANTARCTICA? -------- GROUP 22 -------- Category: ISLANDS A - ITALIAN CITY BUILT ON 118 ISLANDS CRISSCROSSED BY 160 CANALS & LINKED BY 400 FOOTBRIDGES Q - WHAT IS VENICE? A - ISLAND GROUP EAST OF PUERTO RICO KNOWN AS *AMERICAN PARADISE* Q - WHAT ARE THE VIRGIN ISLANDS? A - NOW A NEW YORK BOROUGH, IT WAS BIRTHPLACE OF CORNELIUS VANDERBILT & 3 FAMOUS GRANDSONS Q - WHAT IS STATEN ISLAND? A - WHERE MARGARET MEAD *CAME OF AGE* AS AN ANTHROPOLOGIST Q - WHAT IS SAMOA? A - RESIDENTS OF THIS BRITISH POSSESSION IN SOUTH PACIFIC ARE DESCENDANTS OF MUTINEERS FROM THE *BOUNTY* Q - WHAT IS PITCAIRN ISLAND? Category: TRANSPORTATION A - FREEWHEELING DEVICE KIDS USE FOR STREET SURFING Q - WHAT IS A SKATEBOARD? A - COMMON TERM FOR FOLLOWING THE CAR AHEAD TOO CLOSELY Q - WHAT IS TAILGATING? A - OVERHEAD TRAIN WHICH RUNS AROUND *THE LOOP* IN CHICAGO Q - WHAT IS THE EL? A - RESEMBLING A MOTOR SCOOTER, IT SPEEDS ALONG THE WATER Q - WHAT IS A JET-SKI? A - 2-WHEELED MILITARY CARRIAGE WHICH GOES *ROLLING ALONG* Q - WHAT IS A CAISSON? Category: GEMS A - A RED PRECIOUS STONE, OR THE KIND OF SLIPPERS THE GOOD WITCH GAVE DOROTHY Q - WHAT IS RUBY? A - AQUATIC GEMSTONE ONE TRIES TO AVOID CASTING BEFORE SWINE Q - WHAT ARE PEARLS? A - MEASURE USED IN WEIGHING PRECIOUS STONES Q - WHAT IS A CARAT? A - MAY'S GREEN BIRTHSTONE, IT WAS SAID IT WOULD BREAK IF WEARER WAS UNFAITHFUL Q - WHAT IS AN EMERALD? A - A BLUE FORM OF BERYL, ITS NAME IS LATIN FOR *SEA WATER* Q - WHAT IS AQUAMARINE? Category: MOVIE MUSCLEMEN A - GEORGE REEVES & CHRISTOPHER REEVE BOTH PLAYED THIS EXTRATERRESTRIAL Q - WHO IS SUPERMAN? A - AUSTRIAN-BORN ARNOLD SCHWARTZANAGER HAS PLAYED THIS BARBARIAN MORE THAN ONCE Q - WHO IS CONAN? A - THIS FORMER FOOTBALL PLAYER PROVED *NOT SO TOUGH* IN *VICTOR/VICTORIA* Q - WHO IS ALEX KARRAS? A - HIS LESSER-KNOWN MOVIES INCLUDE *F.I.S.T.* & *PARADISE ALLEY* Q - WHO IS SYLVESTER STALLONE? A - THIS FORMER MR. UNIVERSE PORTRAYED HERCULES & SAMPSON IN ITALIAN EPICS Q - WHO IS STEVE REEVES? Category: MEDICINE A - TB IS THE ABBREVIATION FOR THIS COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Q - WHAT IS TUBERCULOSIS? A - THE CONDITION IN WHICH THE PANCREAS DOES NOT PRODUCE ENOUGH INSULIN Q - WHAT IS DIABETES? A - THE GERM-KILLING POWER OF THIS GREEN MOLD WAS ACCIDENTALLY DISCOVERED BY SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING Q - WHAT IS PENICILLIN? A - THE LETTER OF THE VITAMIN THAT INCLUDES NIACIN, RIBOFLAVIN & PANTOTHENIC ACID Q - WHAT IS B? A - 4-LETTER SUFFIX ADDED TO NOUNS TO DESCRIBE INFLAMMATION Q - WHAT IS ITIS? Category: ROYAL *T*S A - 3-LETTER NICKNAME OF EGYPTIAN *KING* WHO'S *DUG* BY MUSEUM GOERS Q - WHAT IS TUT? A - THE LORD OF THE APES Q - WHO IS TARZAN? A - *TYRANT* KING OF THE DINOSAURS Q - WHAT IS TYRANNOSAURUS REX? A - THIS COUNT WROTE *WAR AND PEACE* Q - WHO IS TOLSTOY? A - SCOTTISH FEUDAL LORD'S TITLE THAT MACBETH HELD Q - WHAT IS THANE? -------- GROUP 23 -------- Category: MAMMALS A - THE COTTONTAIL IS ONE VARIETY OF THIS MAMMALIAN SPECIES Q - WHAT IS THE RABBIT? A - OF HORSE, PIG & DEER, THE ONE WITH ODD-TOED HOOVES Q - WHAT IS THE HORSE? A - THIS MAMMAL HAS THE LONGEST LIFE SPAN Q - WHAT IS MAN? A - CANINE CULTURE HERO & TRICKSTER OF WESTERN AMERICAN LEGEND Q - WHAT IS THE COYOTE? A - IT'S THE FASTEST MAMMAL IN THE WATER Q - WHAT IS THE DOLPHIN? Category: FAIRY TALES A - HE CLIMBED A BEANSTALK & STOLE A GIANT'S MONEY-BAG, HARP & MAGIC RED HEN Q - WHO IS JACK? A - OF THE 7 DWARFS, THE ONE MOST LIKELY TO HAVE A CHRONIC COLD Q - WHO IS SNEEZY? A - A WOODCUTTER ABANDONED THESE CHILDREN IN THE WOODS Q - WHO ARE HANSEL & GRETEL? A - HE WROTE *THUMBELINA* & *THE LITTLE MERMAID* Q - WHO IS HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN? A - THE GRIMMS ADDED A HAPPY ENDING TO PERAULT'S TALE, *LE PETIT CHAPERON ROUGE* Q - WHAT IS LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD? Category: MOVIE WHO'S WHO A - THIS ACTRESS MADE A *SPLASH* IN A MERMAID'S TALE Q - WHO IS DARRYL HANNAH? A - A COMIC WRITER/DIRECTOR USED THE NAME OF A FRUIT FOR ONE OF HIS FILMS Q - WHO IS WOODY ALLEN? A - OSCAR-NOMINATED ACTRESS IN *KRAMER VS KRAMER* WHO ALSO STARRED IN A FILM DEPICTING A NUCLEAR HOLOCAUST Q - WHO IS JANE ALEXANDER / MERYL STREEP? A - DIRECTOR WHO FIRST GAINED NOTICE WITH TV MOVIE STARRING DENNIS WEAVER AND A MENACING TRUCK Q - WHO IS STEVEN SPIELBERG? A - HIS EFFORTS DIDN'T WIN THIS DIRECTOR *THE RIGHT STUFF* AT THE 1984 ACADEMY AWARDS Q - WHO IS PHILIP KAUFMAN? Category: SUNSHINE STATE A - THIS MAJOR COLLEGE BOWL GAME IS CONTESTED IN MIAMI EVERY JANUARY 1 Q - WHAT IS THE ORANGE BOWL? A - FLORIDA WAS DISCOVERED, NAMED & CLAIMED FOR SPAIN BY THIS SEEKER AFTER YOUTH Q - WHO IS PONCE DE LEON? A - THIS BOGGY AREA COVERS 1.4 MILLION ACRES, WITH ITS HIGHEST POINT ONLY 10 FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL Q - WHAT ARE THE EVERGLADES? A - THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH IS LOCATED IN THIS COUNTY MADE FAMOUS BY ANITA BRYANT'S CRUSADE Q - WHAT IS DADE COUNTY? A - THIS NATION RECEIVED POSSESSION OF FLORIDA IN 1763 IN EXCHANGE FOR HAVANNA, CUBA Q - WHAT IS ENGLAND? Category: VALLEYS A - THE NAPA, SONOMA AND MENDOCINO VALLEYS ARE FAMOUS FOR THIS Q - WHAT IS WINE? A - WHAT A VALLEY GIRL MIGHT GAG ON Q - WHAT IS A SPOON? A - CURRENT STARS OF *DYNASTY* AND *THE FALL GUY* CO-STARRED WITH BARBARA STANWYCK IN THIS 60'S WESTERN Q - WHAT IS THE BIG VALLEY? A - THIS MEGAPHONE-TOTING CROONER OF THE '20'S MADE COMEBACK IN *HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS WITHOUT REALLY TRYING* Q - WHO IS RUDY VALLEE? A - IT WAS THE MAIN CAMP OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY FROM DEC. 1777 TO JUNE 1778 Q - WHAT IS VALLEY FORGE? Category: APPLESAUCE A - AN APPLE IS THE TRADITIONAL BRIBE USED BY SMALL CHILDREN TO GET ON HER GOOD SIDE Q - WHAT IS THE TEACHER? A - APPLES AND PEOPLE ARE SOMETIMES ROTTEN TO THIS Q - WHAT IS THE CORE? A - TRADITIONAL FALL BEVERAGE, IT CAN BE EITHER HARD OR SOFT Q - WHAT IS CIDER? A - THE SINGING GROUP WHICH OWNED AND RECORDED ON THE APPLE LABEL Q - WHO ARE THE BEATLES? A - JOHN CHAPMAN, AMERICAN PIONEER, IS BETTER KNOWN BY THIS NAME Q - WHO IS JOHNNY APPLESEED? -------- GROUP 24 -------- Category: SHAKESPEARE A - ANTONIO THE MERCHANT & SHYLOCK THE MONEYLENDER LIVED IN THIS ITALIAN CITY Q - WHAT IS VENICE? A - HE ADDRESSED *FRIENDS, ROMANS & COUNTRYMEN* AT CAESAR'S FUNERAL Q - WHO IS MARC ANTONY? A - *SOMETHING IS ROTTEN* IN THIS PRINCE'S STATE OF DENMARK Q - WHO IS HAMLET? A - THE AGE IN WHICH SHAKESPEARE WROTE WAS NAMED FOR THIS REIGNING QUEEN Q - WHO IS ELIZABETH? A - JULIET SAID IT *BY ANY OTHER NAME WOULD SMELL AS SWEET* Q - WHAT IS A ROSE? Category: POP MUSIC A - WON MOST GRAMMYS EVER IN A SINGLE YEAR FOR TELLING THE NATION TO *BEAT IT* Q - WHO IS MICHAEL JACKSON? A - BORN ROBERT ZIMMERMAN, HIS SONGS INCLUDE *JUST LIKE A WOMAN* & *BLOWIN IN THE WIND* Q - WHO IS BOB DYLAN? A - NEW NAME FOR BAND FORMERLY CALLED *JEFFERSON AIRPLANE* Q - WHAT IS JEFFERSON STARSHIP? A - CYNDI LAUPER SAYS *GIRLS JUST WANNA HAVE* THIS Q - WHAT IS FUN? A - REGGAE'S BOB MARLEY *SHOT THE SHERIFF* BUT HE DID NOT SHOOT THIS PERSON Q - WHAT IS THE DEPUTY? Category: US.GEOGRAPHY A - ARIZONA'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE 7 NATURAL WONDERS OF THE WORLD Q - WHAT IS THE GRAND CANYON? A - FLORIDA CITY WHICH IS HOME OF A FAMOUS INTERNATIONAL SPEEDWAY Q - WHAT IS DAYTONA BEACH? A - THIS STATE HAS THE CLEARWATER AND SALMON RIVER MOUNTAINS Q - WHAT IS IDAHO? A - FORT SMITH & PINE BLUFF ARE TWO OF IT'S LARGEST CITIES Q - WHAT IS ARKANSAS? A - THE COUNTIES IN THIS STATE INCLUDE BUTTE, NEVADA & CALAVERAS Q - WHAT IS CALIFORNIA? Category: PRESIDENTIAL TRADEMARKS A - JELLYBEANS AND STARTING SENTENCES WITH *WELL...* Q - WHO IS RONALD REAGAN? A - PEANUTS, A GRIN & A TROUBLESOME BROTHER Q - WHO IS JIMMY CARTER? A - *CHECKERS* & *I AM NOT A CROOK* Q - WHO IS RICHARD NIXON? A - *BULL MOOSE* & *A BIG STICK* Q - WHO IS TEDDY ROOSEVELT? A - THE *MEDICINE BALL CABINET* & *A CHICKEN IN EVERY POT* Q - WHO IS HERBERT HOOVER? Category: WHAT'S UP DOC A - SHERLOCK HOLMES' COMPANION IN DETECTION Q - WHO IS DR. WATSON? A - REX HARRISON COULD TALK TO THE ANIMALS IN THIS 1967 FILM Q - WHAT IS DOCTOR DOOLITTLE? A - SCIENTIST WHO HELPED FLASH GORDON & DALE ARDEN SAVE THE UNIVERSE Q - WHO IS DR. ZARKOFF? A - PRACTICES A SPECIAL KIND OF MEDICINE WITH THE PHILADELPHIA 76'ER'S Q - WHO IS DR. J? A - CHICAGO PSYCHOLOGIST PLAYED ON TELEVISION BY BOB NEWHART Q - WHO IS DR. ROBERT HARTLEY? Category: WET AND DRY A - RUBBER OUTFIT WORN BY SKIN DIVERS & SURFERS Q - WHAT IS A WET SUIT? A - FROZEN CARBON DIOXIDE Q - WHAT IS DRY ICE? A - TREATING FABRICS WITH PETROLEUM NAPHTHA & SPECIAL DETERGENTS Q - WHAT IS DRY CLEANING? A - TUNEFUL SLANG FOR *HAVE A DRINK* Q - WHAT IS WET YOUR WHISTLE? A - WILD WEST TERM THAT MEANS *TO KILL FROM AMBUSH* Q - WHAT IS TO DRYGULCH? -------- GROUP 25 -------- Category: LABOR A - OFFICIALLY DESIGNATED AS THE FIRST MONDAY IN SEPTEMBER Q - WHAT IS LABOR DAY? A - A NON-AUTHORIZED STRIKE OR A LYNX Q - WHAT IS A WILD CAT? A - CRUSTY NAME FOR A WORKER WHO CROSSES A PICKET LINE, A STRIKE BREAKER Q - WHAT IS A SCAB? A - TERM FOR A PERSON WORKING AS A TRAINEE TO LEARN A TRADE OR CRAFT Q - WHAT IS AN APPRENTICE? A - PAYMENT FROM EMPLOYER TO EMPLOYEE FOR EMPLOYMENT-RELATED INJURIES Q - WHAT IS WORKMAN'S COMPENSATION? Category: FAMOUS RIVALS A - HE PLAYED ROCKY'S RIVAL IN *ROCKY III* Q - WHO IS MR. T? A - MGM CARTOON CHARACTER WHO PLAYS CAT-AND-MOUSE GAMES WITH JERRY Q - WHO IS TOM? A - THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA'S CROSS-TOWN RIVAL, ITS GRADUATES INCLUDE KAREEM ABDUL-JABBAR Q - WHAT IS U.C.L.A.? A - AS A BOY, THE SECOND KING OF ISRAEL KILLED THIS GIANT PHILISTINE WARRIOR Q - WHO IS GOLIATH? A - THE GREEK CITY-STATE WHICH FOUGHT ATHENS IN THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR Q - WHAT IS SPARTA? Category: MAMMALS A - A GROUP OF SHEEP OR CAMELS IS CALLED THIS Q - WHAT IS A FLOCK? A - EARLY TYPES INCLUDE *JAVA* & *PEKING* Q - WHAT IS MAN? A - IT'S THE ONLY MAMMAL CAPABLE OF FLYING Q - WHAT IS A BAT? A - THE ORDER WHICH INCLUDES BEAVERS & SQUIRRELS Q - WHAT ARE RODENTS? A - A CONSTELLATION, ITS LATIN NAME IS URSA MAJOR Q - WHAT IS THE GREAT BEAR? Category: STARTS WITH G A - THE CHARACTERISTIC THROATY CRY OF THE MALE TURKEY Q - WHAT IS A GOBBLE? A - IT FOLLOWS ART, SHOOTING & PEANUT Q - WHAT IS GALLERY? A - A PAID MALE ESCORT Q - WHAT IS A GIGOLO? A - FROM THE FRENCH, IT MEANS *A SOCIAL BLUNDER*, *A FAUX PAS* Q - WHAT IS A GAFFE? A - GERMAN WORD MEANING *A UNIFIED WHOLE* Q - WHAT IS GESTALT? Category: SOMETHING *OLD* A - *...AND ON HIS FARM HE HAD SOME CHICKS...* Q - WHO IS OLD MACDONALD? A - HEMINGWAY TALE OF A CUBAN FISHERMAN & A GIANT MARLIN Q - WHAT IS THE OLD MAN & THE SEA? A - THE COCKTAIL MADE WITH WHISKEY, BITTERS, WATER, SUGAR & GARNISHED WITH FRUIT Q - WHAT IS AN OLD FASHIONED? A - PAIRED WITH *ARSENIC* IN A CLASSIC BROADWAY COMEDY Q - WHAT IS OLD LACE? A - LONDON'S MAIN CRIMINAL COURT Q - WHAT IS THE OLD BAILEY? Category: MY FAVORITE MONSTER A - *IT WAS A GRAVEYARD SMASH* Q - WHAT IS THE MONSTER MASH? A - JAPANESE VERSION OF TYRANNOSAURUS REX WITH A PREDILECTION FOR STOMPING TOKYO Q - WHO IS GODZILLA? A - A STAKE IN THE HEART, EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT, DECAPITATION OR IMMOLATION ARE WAYS TO FINISH ONE OFF Q - WHAT IS A VAMPIRE? A - PLAYED HIDE & SEEK WITH SIGOURNEY WEAVER ABOARD THE SPACESHIP *NOSTROMO* Q - WHAT IS A ALIEN? A - THOUGH THE PEASANTS THOUGHT HE'D KILLED SEVEN GIANTS, THE BRAVE LITTLE TAILOR ACTUALLY KILLED SEVEN OF THESE Q - WHAT ARE FLIES? -------- GROUP 26 -------- Category: 1950 A - BY 1950, HE WAS ALREADY TV'S *MR. TUESDAY NIGHT* Q - WHO IS MILTON BERLE? A - IN JULY, 1950 THIS WAR BEGAN Q - WHAT IS THE KOREAN WAR? A - IN 1950, THIS CHILD STAR OF '30S MARRIED CHARLES BLACK Q - WHO IS SHIRLEY TEMPLE? A - SHE WAS ARGENTINA'S 1ST LADY Q - WHO IS EVA PERON? A - WISCONSIN SENATOR ON A *RED* MANHUNT Q - WHO IS SEN. JOSEPH MCCARTHY? Category: LATE NITE TV A - NIGHT & CONDITION WHERE ONE FOUND GILDA RADNER & LARAINE NEWMAN IN '75 Q - WHAT IS SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE? A - TOM SNYDER'S SHOW THE SUN NEVER CAME UP ON Q - WHAT IS TOMORROW? A - WOLFMAN JACK WAS THE ANNOUNCER ON THIS LATE NIGHT ROCK SHOW Q - WHAT IS THE MIDNIGHT SPECIAL? A - HE WAS THE 1ST HOST OF THE *TONIGHT SHOW* Q - WHO IS STEVE ALLEN? A - IN '69, ABC REPLACED JOEY BISHOP WITH HIM TO TRY TO DENT CARSON'S RATINGS Q - WHO IS DICK CAVETT? Category: EARLY MAN A - MOST MAYAN TEMPLES ARE FOUND IN THIS COUNTRY Q - WHAT IS MEXICO? A - HIS *THE DESCENT OF MAN* STIRRED STRONG ANTI-EVOLUTIONARY SENTIMENT IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND Q - WHO IS CHARLES DARWIN? A - HE WAS THE MAN OF THE STONE AGE Q - WHO IS NEANDERTHAL? A - THE MOST WIDELY USED METHOD OF DATING ORGANIC REMAINS MEASURES AN ISOTOPE OF THIS ELEMENT Q - WHAT IS CARBON? A - METAL AGE WHICH FOLLOWED THE STONE AGE Q - WHAT IS BRONZE? Category: WEATHER A - NIMBUS, CUMULUS & CIRRUS, FOR EXAMPLE Q - WHAT ARE CLOUDS? A - ZONE FORMED WHEN A COLD AIR MASS MEETS A WARM AIR MASS Q - WHAT IS A FRONT? A - IT'S CAUSED BY REFLECTION & REFRACTION OF THE SUN'S RAYS ON WATER DROPLETS Q - WHAT IS A RAINBOW? A - EVERY DAY ABOUT 1,600 OF THESE ARE LAUNCHED Q - WHAT ARE WEATHER BALLOONS? A - ON A WEATHER MAP THEY CONNECT AREAS WITH THE SAME AIR PRESSURE Q - WHAT ARE ISOBARS? Category: FOOTBALL A - DETROIT TACKLE NOW FATHER TO TV'S WEBSTER Q - WHO IS ALEX KARRAS? A - TRANSPLANTED WINNERS OF SUPERBOWL XVIII Q - WHO ARE THE LOS ANGELES RAIDERS? A - COLLECTIVE NAME OF NOTRE DAME'S STUHLDREHER, CROWLEY, MILLER & LAYDEN Q - WHO ARE 4 HORSEMEN? A - LOCATION OF A REF'S HANDS ON AN OFFSIDE SIGNAL Q - WHAT IS ON HIS HIPS? A - LENGTH DIFFERENCE, IN YARDS, BETWEEN AMERICAN & CANADIAN FIELDS Q - WHAT IS 10? Category: BEGINS WITH A A - PATTI, MAXINE & LAVERNE Q - WHO ARE THE ANDREWS SISTERS? A - THE *OLD STICK-IN-THE-MUD* TATTOOED ON POPEYE'S ARM Q - WHAT IS AN ANCHOR? A - IT'S WHAT MAKES MICKEY MOUSE MOVE Q - WHAT IS ANIMATION? A - A LANDSLIDE OF SNOW Q - WHAT IS AN AVALANCHE? A - A SHAGGY HOUND OR A WOOLY BLANKET Q - WHAT IS AN AFGHAN? -------- GROUP 27 -------- Category: FLAGS OF THE WORLD A - ITS BLUE & WHITE FLAG BEARS THE STAR OF DAVID Q - WHAT IS ISRAEL? A - THE FLAG SYMBOLIZING THIS INTERNATIONAL EVENT SHOWS 5 INTERLOCKED CIRCLES Q - WHAT ARE THE OLYMPICS? A - THIS NATION'S FLAG DEPICTS A RED RISING SUN Q - WHAT IS JAPAN? A - POPULAR NICKNAME FOR THE FLAG OF GREAT BRITAIN Q - WHAT IS THE UNION JACK? A - THESE THREE COLORS FLY ON THE FLAGS OF ITALY, MEXICO, & THE IVORY COAST Q - WHAT ARE RED, WHITE, & GREEN? Category: '50'S TELEVISION A - AT HIS *HOUSE PARTY*, KIDS SAID *THE DARNDEST THINGS* Q - WHO IS ART LINKLETTER? A - IT WAS THE ANSWER TO *HEY, KIDS WHAT TIME IS IT* Q - WHAT IS IT'S HOWDY DOODY TIME? A - HIS TV PLATOON RAN RAFFLES, DANCES & CARD GAMES AT FORT BAXTER, KANSAS Q - WHO IS SERGEANT BILKO? A - *TOAST OF THE TOWN* WAS THE ORIGINAL TITLE OF THIS MUCH-IMITATED EMCEE'S VARIETY SHOW Q - WHO IS ED SULLIVAN? A - MICHAEL ANTHONY GAVE AWAY THIS MYSTERIOUS BENEFACTOR'S MONEY ON *THE MILLIONAIRE* Q - WHO IS JOHN BERESFORD TIPTON? Category: THE MIDWEST A - CITY KNOWN AS THE *BEER CAPITAL* OF AMERICA Q - WHAT IS MILWAUKEE? A - CHICAGO POET WHOSE BIOGRAPHY OF LINCOLN WON A PULITZER PRIZE Q - WHO IS CARL SANDBURG? A - MISSISSIPPI RIVER TOWN WHICH WAS MARK TWAIN'S BOYHOOD HOME Q - WHAT IS HANNIBAL, MISSOURI? A - WAUKEGAN, ILLINOIS WAS THIS COMEDIAN'S HOME TOWN Q - WHO IS JACK BENNY? A - THE 1934-35 DROUGHT TURNED THE SOUTHWEST OF THIS STATE INTO A *DUST BOWL* Q - WHAT IS KANSAS? Category: WORDS A - ABLE TO USE BOTH HANDS WITH EQUAL SKILL Q - WHAT IS AMBIDEXTROUS? A - THESE M.T.V. STAPLES OWE THEIR NAME TO THE LATIN VERB MEANING *I SEE* Q - WHAT ARE VIDEOS? A - IMMOBILE, SPEEDY OR ABSTINENCE FROM FOOD Q - WHAT IS FAST? A - THIS EARL GAVE HIS NAME TO KNITTED FRONT-BUTTONING SWEATERS Q - WHO IS EARL OF CARDIGAN? A - THIS WORD FOR PERSONAL MAGNETISM LITERALLY MEANS *A GIFT FROM GOD* Q - WHAT IS CHARISMA? Category: BOB HOPE A - HE MADE A TRADITION OF HOSTING THIS ANNUAL AWARDS SHOW Q - WHAT ARE THE ACADEMY AWARDS? A - HE SANG THIS OSCAR-WINNING SONG IN *THE BIG BROADCAST OF 1938* Q - WHAT IS THANKS FOR THE MEMORY? A - HE WAS BORN IN THIS COUNTRY IN 1903 Q - WHAT IS ENGLAND? A - UNDER THE NAME *PACKY EAST*, HE TRIED THIS SPORT Q - WHAT IS BOXING? A - THIS IS HIS REAL NAME Q - WHAT IS LESLIE TOWNES HOPE? Category: FOR PETE'S SAKE A - HE *PICKED A PECK OF PICKLED PEPPERS* Q - WHO IS PETER PIPER? A - PROKOFIEV'S 1936 MUSICAL TALE OF *DUCK LUST* Q - WHAT IS PETER AND THE WOLF? A - HE WAS AWARDED A POSTHUMOUS OSCAR FOR HIS ROLE IN *NETWORK* Q - WHO IS PETER FINCH? A - THIS N.F.L. COMMISSIONER HAS FEUDED WITH RAIDERS' OWNER AL DAVIS Q - WHO IS PETE ROZELLE? A - THE CONCEPT THAT EVERY EMPLOYEE TENDS TO RISE TO HIS HIGHEST LEVEL OF INCOMPETENCE Q - WHAT IS THE PETER PRINCIPLE? -------- GROUP 28 -------- Category: SCIENCE A - THIS COMPOUND COMES IN METHYL, ETHYL & RUBBING VARIETIES Q - WHAT IS ALCOHOL? A - HE PRESENTED HIS *SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY* FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 1905 Q - WHO IS ALBERT EINSTEIN? A - THE SCIENTIFIC FIELD OF COPERNICUS, PTOLEMY & SAGAN Q - WHAT IS ASTRONOMY? A - HE PROVED THAT BACTERIA CAUSED FERMENTATION & CAN MAKE MILK SOUR Q - WHO IS PASTEUR? A - THIS BARRIER PROTECTING EARTH FROM SUN'S ULTRA-VIOLET RAYS IS SAID TO BE HARMED BY FLUOROCARBONS Q - WHAT IS OZONE? Category: WOMEN OF THE MOVIES A - THE FIFTIES' TOP SEX SYMBOL, SHE WAS PLAYBOY'S FIRST CENTERFOLD Q - WHO IS MARILYN MONROE? A - THIS SUPER COMIC'S DIRECTING DEBUT FAILED THE *RABBIT TEST* Q - WHO IS JOAN RIVERS? A - IN 1945, THIS FRUITY-TURBANED LATIN WAS THE HIGHEST SALARIED WOMAN IN AMERICA Q - WHO IS CARMEN MIRANDA? A - THIS DIMINUTIVE ACTRESS WON A BEST SUPPORTING OSCAR BY PLAYING A MALE Q - WHO IS LINDA HUNT? A - FILM CRITIC FOR THE NEW YORKER, SHE'S SPENT *5001 NIGHTS AT THE MOVIES* Q - WHO IS PAULINE KAEL? Category: TRADEMARKS A - HE IS REPRESENTED AS A BLINDFOLDED, WINGED BOY CARRYING BOW & ARROWS Q - WHO IS CUPID? A - DISTINGUISHING FEATURE SHARED BY YUL BRENNER, ISAAC HAYES & TELLY SAVALAS Q - WHAT IS BALDNESS? A - IT BUILT A REPUTATION AS *THE UNCOLA* Q - WHAT IS SEVEN UP? A - METAL SYMBOLIC OF 25TH WEDDING ANNIVERSARY Q - WHAT IS SILVER? A - CLYDESDALE HORSES HAVE BECOME A TRADEMARK OF THIS BEER Q - WHAT IS BUDWEISER? Category: 3SOMES A - THREE WORDS PRECEDING *THE MOUSE RAN UP THE CLOCK* Q - WHAT ARE HICKORY, DICKORY, DOCK? A - THESE SISTERS SANG *BOOGIE WOOGIE BUGLE BOY OF COMPANY B* Q - WHO ARE THE ANDREWS SISTERS? A - *NOISY* ELVES OF BREAKFAST CEREAL NOTORIETY Q - WHO ARE SNAP, CRACKLE & POP? A - RED, YELLOW & BLUE Q - WHAT ARE PRIMARY COLORS? A - BARRY, ROBIN & MAURICE Q - WHO ARE THE BEE GEES? Category: STARTS WITH D A - FROM THE GREEK MEANING *TERRIBLE LIZARD* Q - WHAT IS A DINOSAUR? A - GOLFERS ARE ADMONISHED TO REPLACE THESE PIECES OF GOUGED-OUT TURF Q - WHAT ARE DIVOTS? A - A RANCH, A FOP, OR A CITY SLICKER Q - WHAT IS A DUDE? A - THE LAYMAN WHO HELPS THE MINISTER IN CHURCH MATTERS Q - WHAT IS A DEACON? A - THE MEDICAL CONDITION THAT IS THE OPPOSITE OF HYPOGLYCEMIA Q - WHAT IS DIABETES? Category: LITTLE ONES A - THEY'RE MADE OF *SNIPS AND SNAILS AND PUPPYDOG TAILS* Q - WHAT ARE LITTLE BOYS? A - IN THE COMICS, SHE'S TUBBY'S GIRLFRIEND Q - WHO IS LITTLE LULU? A - THE ROCK 'N' ROLLER WHO SANG *TUTTIFRUTTI* AND *GOOD GOLLY, MISS MOLLY* Q - WHO IS LITTLE RICHARD? A - HER DANCING SCANDALIZED VISITORS TO THE 1893 CHICAGO WORLD'S FAIR Q - WHO IS LITTLE EGYPT? A - RICHARD BYRD ESTABLISHED THIS ANTARCTIC BASE IN 1929 Q - WHAT IS LITTLE AMERICA? -------- GROUP 29 -------- Category: THE BIBLE A - JESUS WALKED ON IT & TURNED IT INTO WINE Q - WHAT IS WATER? A - COVERING 145 YEARS, IT'S THE 2ND BOOK OF THE OLD TESTAMENT Q - WHAT IS EXODUS? A - NOT ALLOWED INTO THE PROMISED LAND, HE DIED ON MT. NEBO Q - WHO IS MOSES? A - SON OF DAVID & BATHSHEBA, HE WAS THE 3RD KING OF ISRAEL Q - WHO IS SOLOMON? A - IN CREATION, THE 1ST THING GOD SAW THAT WAS *GOOD* Q - WHAT IS THE LIGHT? Category: FAMOUS PAIRS A - PAIR WHICH FOLLOW, *HEY, DIDDLE, DIDDLE* Q - WHAT ARE THE CAT & THE FIDDLE? A - THE 2 MAIN BROADCAST BANDS ON A CAR RADIO Q - WHAT ARE AM & FM? A - LIQUID SUBSTANCES, THEY *DON'T MIX* Q - WHAT ARE OIL AND WATER? A - JACKIE GLEASON & BURT REYNOLDS, IN THAT ORDER Q - WHO ARE SMOKEY & THE BANDIT? A - CHICAGO PAIR WHO TELL HOW THINGS FARE *AT THE MOVIES* Q - WHO ARE SISKEL AND EBERT? Category: NUMBER PLEASE A - NUMBER OF SIDES ON A RECTANGLE Q - WHAT IS 4? A - IN POOL, THE NUMBER ON THE SOLID BLACK BALL Q - WHAT IS 8? A - OK FOR A POLICEMAN Q - WHAT IS 10 4? A - IT'S CONSIDERED BAD LUCK TO LIGHT THIS MANY CIGARETTES ON 1 MATCH Q - WHAT IS 3? A - NUMBER WHICH GOES WITH *STAR* IN FOSSE FILM ON PLAYMATE DOROTHY STRATTEN Q - WHAT IS 80? Category: ALL THE OLOGYS A - IT TELLS YOU IF YOUR MOON'S IN MARS Q - WHAT IS ASTROLOGY? A - IT'S WHAT GIVES A SEISMOLOGY STUDENT THE SHAKES Q - WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE? A - *HERE'S LOOKING INSIDE YOU, KID*, THE STUDY OF X-RAYS Q - WHAT IS RADIOLOGY? A - A COLLECTION OF LITERARY WORKS IN ONE BOOK Q - WHAT IS AN ANTHOLOGY? A - THE STUDY OF HERNS, TERNS & ERNES Q - WHAT IS ORNITHOLOGY? Category: SONGS OF THE '60S A - WITH THE SUPREMES, YOU COULDN'T HURRY IT & HAD TO STOP IN THE NAME OF IT Q - WHAT IS LOVE? A - WHILE JAN & DEAN WERE IN *SURF CITY*, THIS GROUP WAS *SURFIN' USA* Q - WHO ARE THE BEACH BOYS? A - IT'S WHAT *GOES ON* FOR SONNY & CHER Q - WHAT IS THE BEAT? A - COMPLETES *LONELY DAYS ARE GONE, I'M A GOIN' HOME, MY BABY SHE...* Q - WHAT IS WROTE ME A LETTER? A - IN '63 IT WAS *HER TURN TO CRY* Q - WHO IS JUDY? Category: ART MUSEUM A - PAUL SIMON'S SINGING PARTNER Q - WHO IS ART GARFUNKEL? A - HE WAS A *HONEYMOONER* Q - WHO IS ART CARNEY? A - LAUGH-IN'S *VER-R-R-Y INTERESTING* MAN Q - WHO IS ARTE JOHNSON? A - WASHINGTON'S HUMORIST COLUMNIST Q - WHO IS ART BUCHWALD? A - *BEGINS WITH BEGUINE* BEGAN HIS BIG BAND STARDOM Q - WHO IS ARTIE SHAW? -------- GROUP 30 -------- Category: NOVEMBER A - CONGRESS FIRST MET IN THIS CITY ON NOVEMBER 17, 1800 Q - WHAT IS WASHINGTON, D.C.? A - RUTGERS & PRINCETON PLAYED THE FIRST INTER-COLLEGIATE GAME OF THIS IN NOVEMBER, 1869 Q - WHAT IS FOOTBALL? A - IT WAS THE SITE OF THE FIRST THANKSGIVING DAY CELEBRATION Q - WHAT IS THE PLYMOUTH COLONY? A - ON NOVEMBER 19, 1863, LINCOLN DELIVERED THIS BATTLEFIELD SPEECH Q - WHAT IS THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS? A - THIS YELLOW GEM IS THE BIRTHSTONE OF NOVEMBER Q - WHAT IS TOPAZ? Category: GIANTS A - BIBLICAL WARRIOR WHO WAS KILLED BY A ROCK FROM DAVID'S SLINGSHOT Q - WHO IS GOLIATH? A - LEGENDARY LUMBERJACK WITH AN OX NAMED BABE Q - WHO IS PAUL BUNYAN? A - GREEK MYTHOLOGY'S ONE-EYED GIANT Q - WHAT IS THE CYCLOPS? A - HE SUPPORTED EARTH WITH HIS HEAD AND HANDS Q - WHO IS ATLAS? A - MYTHOLOGICAL HUNTER NOW FOUND AMONG THE STARS IN THE SKY & THE STARS OF HOLLYWOOD Q - WHO IS ORION? Category: FUNNY QUOTES A - SHE ASKS HER AUDIENCE *CAN WE TALK* & TELLS THEM *OH, GROW UP* Q - WHO IS JOAN RIVERS? A - TELEVISION SHOW WHICH POPULARIZED *SOCK IT TO ME* & *HERE COME THE JUDGE* Q - WHAT IS LAUGH-IN? A - WHEN TOLD *HIS MONEY OR HIS LIFE*, HE PAUSED THEN SAID, *I'M THINKING IT OVER* Q - WHO IS JACK BENNY? A - '30'S SEXPOT WHO SAID *WHEN I'M GOOD I'M VERY GOOD, BUT WHEN I'M BAD I'M BETTER* Q - WHO IS MAE WEST? A - HE WANTED *ON THE WHOLE I WOULD RATHER BE IN PHILADELPHIA* AS HIS EPITAPH Q - WHO IS W.C. FIELDS? Category: INSECTS A - INSECT NAME FOR ONE WHO DROPS PAPER & SUCH Q - WHAT IS A LITTERBUG? A - LARGEST OF THIS COLORFUL KIND OF INSECT IS *QUEEN ALEXANDRA*, WITH 11-IN. WINGSPREAD Q - WHAT ARE BUTTERFLIES? A - VARIETIES INCLUDE HERCULES, RHINOCEROS & WATER Q - WHAT ARE BEETLES? A - MOSQUITO EGGS CAN ONLY HATCH THERE Q - WHAT IS WATER? A - RAILROAD BUILDERS IN TROPICS OFTEN USE METAL, NOT WOODEN TIES TO FOIL THESE HUNGRY INSECTS Q - WHAT ARE TERMITES? Category: QUARTERS & HALVES A - REVOLUTIONARY STATESMAN WHOSE FACE GRACED U.S. HALF-DOLLAR FROM 1948 - 1963 Q - WHO IS BENJAMIN FRANKLIN? A - THE *KINDERGARTEN STAKES* IS A FUTURITY RACE FOR THIS BREED OF HORSE Q - WHAT ARE QUARTER HORSES? A - THIS NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT IS A POPULAR TOURIST ATTRACTION Q - WHAT IS THE FRENCH QUARTER? A - THIS FELLINI FILM STARRING MARCELLO MASTROIANNI WAS TURNED INTO THE MUSICAL *NINE* Q - WHAT IS 8 1/2? A - SPRINGBOARD DIVE INVOLVING A MID-AIR TWIST & TURN Q - WHAT IS A HALF-GAINER? Category: ROSE IS A ROSE A - PITS THE CHAMPIONS OF THE PAC-10 & THE BIG-10 Q - WHAT IS THE ROSE BOWL? A - SHE CO-STARRED ON THE *DICK VAN DYKE SHOW* Q - WHO IS ROSE MARIE? A - THIS ECDYSIAST INSPIRED A BROADWAY HIT STARRING ETHEL MERMAN Q - WHO IS GYPSY ROSE LEE? A - SHE SANG *COME ON-A MY HOUSE* Q - WHO IS ROSEMARY CLOONEY? A - IT WAS TENNESSEE WILLIAMS' TONY AWARD WINNING PLAY Q - WHAT IS THE ROSE TATOO? -------- GROUP 31 -------- Category: THE FORTIES A - IT ENABLED AMERICAN VETERANS TO GO TO COLLEGE FREE Q - WHAT IS THE GI BILL? A - ADMIRAL HALSEY'S NICKNAME Q - WHAT IS BULL? A - THIS MOVIE STAR BECAME THE ALY KHAN'S PRINCESS Q - WHO IS RITA HAYWORTH? A - FAMOUS GERMAN BATTLESHIP SUNK MAY 26, 1941 Q - WHAT IS THE BISMARCK? A - BOSTON NIGHT CLUB SITE OF A 1942 FIRE THAT KILLED 584 PEOPLE Q - WHAT IS THE COCOANUT GROVE? Category: FAIRY TALES A - WHERE DR. SEUSS' AMAZING *CAT* KEEPS COUNTLESS WONDERS Q - WHAT IS A HAT? A - *HE WENT A CROOKED MILE & FOUND A CROOKED SIXPENCE AGAINST A CROOKED STILE* Q - WHAT IS A CROOKED MAN? A - MR. MC GREGOR WAS PLANTING CABBAGES WHEN HE FIRST CAUGHT SIGHT OF THIS TRESPASSER Q - WHO IS PETER RABBIT? A - IN STEVENSON'S VERSE, IT *GOES IN & OUT WITH ME*, PETER PAN'S DIDN'T & HAD TO BE SEWN ON Q - WHAT IS A SHADOW? A - IN A FATE WORSE THAN DEATH, THIS TINY HERO WAS FELLED BY A SPIDER'S HALITOSIS Q - WHO IS TOM THUMB? Category: BABIES A - IMPOSSIBLE TO FIND THEM WHEN PARENTS MAKE PLANS ON SATURDAY NIGHT Q - WHAT IS A BABY SITTER? A - MISANTHROPIC COMIC FROM WHOM BABY LEROY USED TO STEAL SCENES Q - WHO IS W.C. FIELDS? A - GENERALLY, BABY'S 1ST TRIP TO CHURCH IS FOR THIS EVENT Q - WHAT IS CHRISTENING? A - PROPERLY CALLED DECIDUOUS TEETH Q - WHAT ARE BABY TEETH? A - NOT A CHILD, BUT A LEOPARD, IS THE *INFANT* IN THE TITLE OF THIS GRANT/HEPBURN CLASSIC Q - WHAT IS BRINGING UP BABY? Category: ISLANDS A - IT'S THE LARGEST OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS Q - WHAT IS HAWAII? A - A SALAD DRESSING Q - WHAT IS THOUSAND ISLAND? A - NICKNAME FOR COFFEE, FROM INDONESIAN ISLAND WHERE IT'S GROWN Q - WHAT IS JAVA? A - *HOME* TO DREYFUS & PAPILLON Q - WHAT IS DEVIL'S ISLAND? A - ANATOMICALLY NAMED ISLAND OF KING KONG, IT SANK IN *SON OF KONG* Q - WHAT IS SKULL ISLAND? Category: ALPHABET SOUP A - A REQUEST ON AN INVITATION TO RESPOND Q - WHAT IS RSVP? A - THIS INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION'S CHARTER READS *...TO SAVE SUCCEEDING GENERATIONS FROM SCOURGE OF WAR* Q - WHAT IS THE U.N.? A - FROM ITS LATIN NAME, THE CHEMICAL SYMBOL FOR IRON Q - WHAT IS FE? A - LETTER MS. STREISAND DROPPED FROM 1ST NAME WHEN SHE BECAME A STAR Q - WHAT IS A? A - THERE HAVE BEEN INDICTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS IN THIS GOVERNMENT AGENCY CHARGED WITH COMBATTING POLLUTION Q - WHAT IS THE E.P.A.? Category: *CAT*EGORY A - NATASSJA KINSKI *PURR*-FORMED IN THIS FILM REMAKE Q - WHAT IS CAT PEOPLE? A - DESPITE ITS FELINE NAME, THIS TOUGH CORD IS USUALLY MADE FROM SHEEP INTESTINES Q - WHAT IS CATGUT? A - JULIE NEWMAR, EARTHA KITT & LEE ANN MERIWETHER ALL PLAYED THIS FELONIOUS FEMALE Q - WHAT IS A CAT WOMAN? A - A BOOK OF T.S. ELIOT'S POEMS WAS THE INSPIRATION FOR THIS HIT BROADWAY MUSICAL Q - WHAT IS CATS? A - DURING THE 1920'S, THIS CARTOON CHARACTER WAS THE FIRST IMAGE TRANSMITTED ON TV Q - WHO IS FELIX THE CAT? -------- GROUP 32 -------- Category: SOUTH AMERICA A - THIS RIVER IS SECOND IN LENGTH ONLY TO THE NILE Q - WHAT IS THE AMAZON? A - 4,500 MILE LONG MOUNTAIN RANGE THAT SPANS THE WESTERN SIDE OF THE CONTINENT Q - WHAT ARE THE ANDES? A - PELE PLAYED FOR THIS COUNTRY'S SANTOS SOCCER TEAM Q - WHAT IS BRAZIL? A - THE WESTERNMOST COUNTRY ON THE SOUTH AMERICAN CONTINENT Q - WHAT IS PERU? A - HE WAS THE PRESIDENT OF ARGENTINA FROM 1946 TO 1955 Q - WHO IS JUAN PERON? Category: WINTER SPORTS A - COUNTRY WHICH HOSTED THE 1984 WINTER OLYMPICS Q - WHAT IS YUGOSLAVIA? A - THIS COUNTRY INVENTED ROLLER SKATING AS A WARM WEATHER SUBSTITUTE FOR HANS BRINKER'S SPORT Q - WHAT IS HOLLAND? A - THIS SKI COURSE IS DEFINED BY PAIRS OF FLAGS THROUGH WHICH CONTESTANTS SKI Q - WHAT IS A SLALOM? A - OLYMPIC SLEDDING EVENT IN WHICH PARTICIPANTS TRAVEL FEET FORWARD ON THEIR BACKS Q - WHAT IS THE LUGE? A - CHAMPION TROPHY OF THE NHL Q - WHAT IS THE STANLEY CUP? Category: THEATER A - LINCOLN WAS ASSASSINATED WHILE WATCHING *OUR AMERICAN COUSIN* AT THIS THEATER Q - WHAT IS FORD THEATER? A - THE ADVENTURES OF A SWINDLING TROMBONE SALESMAN NAMED HAROLD HILL Q - WHAT IS THE MUSIC MAN? A - BRANDO ROSE TO FAME SHOUTING HER NAME IN *A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE* Q - WHO IS STELLA? A - DUSTIN HOFFMAN RETURNED TO BROADWAY IN THIS ARTHUR MILLER TRAGEDY Q - WHAT IS DEATH OF A SALESMAN? A - CITY WHOSE *BROADWAY* IS CALLED THE WEST END Q - WHAT IS LONDON? Category: 3LETTER NAMES A - THE NAME FOR AN UNOPENED FLOWER OR HALF OF ABBOTT AND COSTELLO Q - WHAT IS A BUD? A - AFTER *BLUE* IT'S A BIRD, BEFORE *WALK*, IT'S A PEDESTRIAN VIOLATION Q - WHAT IS JAY? A - THE VISIBLE PART OF AN ICEBERG, OR FORMER HOUSE SPEAKER O'NEILL Q - WHAT IS TIP? A - THIS GIRL'S NAME COULD BE A CLINGING VINE OR A POISONOUS PLANT Q - WHAT IS IVY? A - LATIN FOR *KING* IT COMES BEFORE *REED* AND AFTER *OEDIPUS* Q - WHAT IS REX? Category: IN THE GARDEN A - EASTER, WATER & TIGER Q - WHAT ARE LILIES? A - THE SLED IN THE MOVIE *CITIZEN KANE* Q - WHAT IS ROSEBUD? A - TURKISH FOR *TURBAN*, THESE FLOWERS ORIGINATED IN ASIA, NOT HOLLAND Q - WHAT ARE TULIPS? A - THE GOLDEN POPPY IS THE OFFICIAL STATE FLOWER OF THIS, THE *GOLDEN STATE* Q - WHAT IS CALIFORNIA? A - WHEN THE SIDES OF ITS BLOSSOMS ARE PRESSED, TWO OF ITS LIPS OPEN LIKE JAWS Q - WHAT ARE SNAPDRAGONS? Category: WHAT'S NEW A - IN THE PROVERB, THIS *SWEEPS CLEAN* Q - WHAT IS A NEW BROOM? A - CAPITAL OF INDIA OR A PLACE TO BUY VERY FRESHLY CHOPPED LIVER Q - WHAT IS NEW DELHI? A - COVER BOY OF MAD MAGAZINE Q - WHO IS ALFRED E. NEUMAN? A - BOB EUBANKS TOOK DELIGHT IN CAUSING MARITAL SPATS ON THIS TV SHOW Q - WHAT IS THE NEWLYWED GAME? A - A SAUCE OF CREAM, SHERRY, BUTTER & EGG YOLK, OFTEN SERVED ON LOBSTER Q - WHAT IS NEWBURG? -------- GROUP 33 -------- Category: EUROPE A - DICTATOR OF ITALY FROM 1922 TO 1945 Q - WHO IS BENITO MUSSOLINI? A - DIVIDED CITY WITH FAMOUS *CHECKPOINT CHARLIE* Q - WHAT IS BERLIN? A - THE WORLD BANKING CENTER WHICH IS COMPOSED OF 22 CANTONS Q - WHAT IS SWITZERLAND? A - LEGISLATIVE BODY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Q - WHAT IS PARLIAMENT? A - IF THE RULING FAMILY OF THIS RIVIERA PRINCIPALITY DIES OUT, IT WILL FALL UNDER FRENCH RULE Q - WHAT IS MONACO? Category: BASEBALL A - FOR A RIGHT-HANDED BATTER THE SHOULDER WHICH FACES THE PITCHER Q - WHAT IS LEFT? A - THE COLOR OF THE STITCHING ON A MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL Q - WHAT IS RED? A - THE ST. LOUIS BASEBALL AND FOOTBALL TEAMS Q - WHAT ARE THE CARDINALS? A - GARY COOPER PORTRAYED THIS N.Y. YANKEE *IRON MAN* Q - WHO IS LOU GEHRIG? A - BLACK PITCHER ELECTED TO HALL OF FAME, THOUGH HE WON ONLY 28 GAMES IN MAJOR LEAGUE BALL Q - WHO IS SATCHEL PAIGE? Category: FOOD A - THESE HARD, DOUGHNUT-SHAPED ROLLS ARE OFTEN EATEN WITH CREAM CHEESE AND LOX Q - WHAT ARE BAGELS? A - IT IS A CHOPPED SWEET PICKLE MIXTURE USED TO DISGUISE THE TASTE OF STADIUM HOT DOGS Q - WHAT IS RELISH? A - CHERRY & BEEFSTEAK ARE TWO KINDS Q - WHAT ARE TOMATOES? A - THIS GARNISH AND FLAVOUR AGENT IS THE MOST WIDELY USED HERB Q - WHAT IS PARSLEY? A - WHAT PIGEONS ARE CALLED WHEN THEY'RE EATEN Q - WHAT IS SQUAB? Category: RODENTS A - THIS LABORATORY ANIMAL'S NAME HAS COME TO MEAN ANYONE SERVING AS AN EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECT Q - WHAT IS A GUINEA PIG? A - THE SECOND LARGEST RODENT, ITS FUR WAS ONCE *DAM* POPULAR FOR MAKING HATS Q - WHAT IS THE BEAVER? A - THESE *FLYING* RODENTS ACTUALLY JUST CLIMB & GLIDE Q - WHAT ARE FLYING SQUIRRELS? A - THIS SLEEPY RODENT WAS A GUEST AT LEWIS CARROL'S MAD TEA PARTY Q - WHAT IS THE DORMOUSE? A - ITS VALUABLE PEARL-GRAY FUR HAS MORE HAIRS PER SQUARE INCH THAN ANY OTHER ANIMAL Q - WHAT IS A CHINCHILLA? Category: FATHERS A - THE FATHER OF A MULE Q - WHAT IS A DONKEY? A - A *SWEET* NICKNAME A CHORUS GIRL MIGHT CALL HER RICH BENEFACTOR Q - WHAT IS A SUGAR DADDY? A - HIS FATHER'S GHOST ACCUSED CLAUDIUS OF MURDER Q - WHO IS HAMLET? A - BEAVER'S DAD, HIS NAME SOUNDS LIKE A TOOL FOR CUTTING HOSPITALS INTO SECTIONS Q - WHO IS WARD CLEAVER? A - G.K. CHESTERTON'S PRIEST/DETECTIVE Q - WHO IS FATHER BROWN? Category: FICTIONAL FIDOS A - DOROTHY'S CANINE COMPANION FROM KANSAS Q - WHO IS TOTO? A - DAGWOOD AND BLONDIE'S PET Q - WHO IS DAISY? A - SUPERBOY'S SUPERPOOCH Q - WHO IS KRYPTO? A - NICK AND NORA CHARLES' TERRIER IN *THE THIN MAN* Q - WHO IS ASTA? A - IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY, THIS 3-HEADED DOG GUARDED THE ENTRANCE TO THE UNDERWORLD Q - WHO IS CERBERUS? -------- GROUP 34 -------- Category: GEOGRAPHY A - THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRY SICILY GETS A KICK OUT OF Q - WHAT IS ITALY? A - THIRD LARGEST U.S. STATE IN LAND AREA Q - WHAT IS CALIFORNIA? A - CONTINENT WHERE ADMIRAL BYRD WAS GREETED BY PENGUINS Q - WHAT IS ANTARCTICA? A - THE NIGER & CONGO RIVERS FLOW INTO THIS OCEAN Q - WHAT IS THE ATLANTIC? A - CROWDED ITALIAN CITY NAMED FOR THE HINDU GODDESS KALI Q - WHAT IS CALCUTTA? Category: TAKE A GAMBLE A - SMALL SPOTTED CUBES USED IN GAMES OF CHANCE Q - WHAT ARE DICE? A - NEVADA'S *BIGGEST LITTLE CITY IN THE WORLD* Q - WHAT IS RENO? A - *SPIT IN THE OCEAN* IS A FORM OF THIS GAME Q - WHAT IS POKER? A - THIS FRENCH CARD GAME'S NAME MEANS *RAILROAD* Q - WHAT IS CHEMIN DE FER? A - PORTUGUESE ISLAND NEAR HONG KONG FAMOUS FOR GAMBLING Q - WHAT IS MACAO? Category: ANIMALS A - CALLED *MAN-EATERS OF TSAVO*, THEY HELD UP UGANDA RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION Q - WHAT ARE LIONS? A - IF RICHARD BACH HAD CHOSEN THE PREDATORY ANTARCTIC VERSION HE'D HAVE WRITTEN *JONATHAN LIVINGSTON SKUA* Q - WHAT IS A SEAGULL? A - PRIMITIVE SPECIES THAT'S THE ONLY NORTH AMERICAN MARSUPIAL Q - WHAT IS THE OPOSSUM? A - 8TH SIGN OF THE ZODIAC, ITS NEWBORN CLING TO MOTHERS WITH TINY PINCERS Q - WHAT IS THE SCORPION? A - THESE RODENTS, OFTEN KEPT AS PETS, ARE THE FASTEST BREEDERS KNOWN Q - WHAT ARE HAMSTERS? Category: PATTERNS A - A WOOD-INLAID FLOOR WHICH NO ONE SHOULD MISTAKE FOR BUTTER Q - WHAT IS PARQUET? A - FABRIC CHECK WITH *CANINE* NAME Q - WHAT IS HOUNDSTOOTH? A - THIS COLORED CIRCLE PATTERN MIGHT BE POPULAR AT POLISH DANCES Q - WHAT IS POLKA-DOT? A - SCOTTISH PLAID USUALLY DESIGNED TO DESIGNATE A SPECIFIC CLAN Q - WHAT IS A TARTAN? A - THE *FISHY* SOUNDING TWEED Q - WHAT IS HERRINGBONE? Category: ABBREVIATIONS A - PERSON WITH A *SIXTH SENSE* IS SAID TO HAVE THIS Q - WHAT IS E.S.P.? A - COLLEGE COURSE FOR ASPIRING MILITARY MEN AND WOMEN Q - WHAT IS R.O.T.C.? A - WHAT *R.I.P.* OR *REQUIESCAT IN PACE* MEANS IN ENGLISH Q - WHAT IS REST IN PEACE? A - ABBREVIATION FOR MADEMOISELLE Q - WHAT IS MLLE? A - IN LONDON DURING THE BLITZ, IT'S WHAT *DANGER, UXB* WARNED OF Q - WHAT IS AN UNEXPLODED BOMB? Category: SAY CHEESE A - MONTEREY FAVORITE OR A TOOL USED IN TIRE CHANGING Q - WHAT IS JACK? A - DUTCH CHEESE THAT'S NOT *BAD-A* Q - WHAT IS GOUDA? A - THE CHEESE THAT *NOSE* FEW ADMIRERS Q - WHAT IS LIMBURGER? A - THE USUALLY YELLOW CHEESE THAT SHOULD BE RED, WHITE & BLUE Q - WHAT IS AMERICAN? A - THE SOFT FRENCH YELLOW CHEESE WITH A THIN, GREYISH-WHITE RIND Q - WHAT IS CAMEMBERT? -------- GROUP 35 -------- Category: AROUND WORLD A - OF THE TROPIC OF CAPRICORN AND THE TROPIC OF CANCER, THE ONE NORTH OF THE EQUATOR Q - WHAT IS THE TROPIC OF CANCER? A - THE STATES ON ITS EASTERN COAST ARE VICTORIA, NEW SOUTH WALES & QUEENSLAND Q - WHAT IS AUSTRALIA? A - THIS CANAL STRETCHES FROM COLON TO BALBOA Q - WHAT IS THE PANAMA CANAL? A - THE KALAHARI DESERT IS ON THIS CONTINENT Q - WHAT IS AFRICA? A - JULES VERNE HERO WENT AROUND THE WORLD IN 80 DAYS TO WIN A BET Q - WHO IS PHILEAS FOGG? Category: ZOOLOGY A - THIS AUSTRALIAN MARSUPIAL'S YOUNG ARE CALLED *JOEYS* Q - WHAT ARE KANGAROOS? A - DOGS HAVE THIS TYPE OF TEETH, BUT RATS AND MICE DO NOT Q - WHAT ARE CANINE TEETH? A - THIS BURROWER HAS *ARMOR* OF BONY PLATES COVERED WITH HORN Q - WHAT IS AN ARMADILLO? A - GROUPS OF THIS SMALL ARCTIC RODENT PERIODICALLY RUSH TO THEIR DEMISE AT SEA Q - WHAT ARE LEMMINGS? A - MARCO POLO BELIEVED THIS LARGE MAMMAL TO BE THE LEGENDARY UNICORN Q - WHAT IS THE RHINOCEROS? Category: MIDNIGH MADNESS A - STUDYING TOO LATE AT NIGHT BURNS THIS UP Q - WHAT IS THE MIDNIGHT OIL? A - IT IS THE TRADITIONAL LATE-NIGHT SERVICE HELD ON CHRISTMAS EVE Q - WHAT IS A MIDNIGHT MASS? A - THE TIME WHEN POE *PONDERED, WEAK AND WEARY* Q - WHAT IS A MIDNIGHT DREARY? A - THE 1969 BEST PICTURE SHOWED THE SEAMY SIDE OF NEW YORK LIFE Q - WHAT IS MIDNIGHT COWBOY? A - THIS EARLY TV HERO RECRUITED VIEWERS INTO HIS SECRET SQUADRON Q - WHO IS CAPTAIN MIDNIGHT? Category: JOHN WAYNE A - HIS NOBLE-SOUNDING NICKNAME Q - WHAT IS THE DUKE? A - HE WON AN OSCAR PLAYING AN OVER-THE-HILL MARSHALL IN THIS 1969 FILM Q - WHAT IS TRUE GRIT? A - THE SPORT WHICH WON HIM A SCHOLARSHIP TO USC IN 1925 Q - WHAT IS FOOTBALL? A - HIS REAL NAME Q - WHAT IS MARION MORRISON? A - IN THE 1955 FILM *THE CONQUEROR*, HE WAS MISCAST AS THIS ASIAN WARRIOR Q - WHO IS GENGHIS KHAN? Category: H2O A - A SLOSHY SLEEPING EXPERIENCE Q - WHAT IS A WATERBED? A - AQUATIC GAME WITH 2 TEAMS OF 7 SWIMMERS AND AN INFLATED BALL Q - WHAT IS WATER POLO? A - WHERE MCCORD, HUNT, LIDDY, BARKER, MARTINEZ, STURGIZ & GONZALES GOT NABBED Q - WHAT IS WATERGATE? A - A DESIGN ON STATIONARY VISIBLE WHEN HELD TO THE LIGHT Q - WHAT IS THE WATERMARK? A - HIS CAMPAIGN BUTTON READ *AUH2O* Q - WHO IS BARRY GOLDWATER? Category: CHOOSE WEAPON A - THE PEN IS MIGHTIER THAN THIS Q - WHAT IS THE SWORD? A - A BIG GUN, A BIG BOTTLE OF CHAMPAGNE, OR A BIG HIT ON CBS Q - WHAT IS MAGNUM? A - AN EXPLOSIVE MILITARY DEVICE, OR, IN FOOTBALL, A LONG FORWARD PASS Q - WHAT IS A BOMB? A - ONCE USED IN BATTLE, THESE LIGHT SPEARS ARE NOW TOSSED IN AN OLYMPIC EVENT Q - WHAT ARE JAVELINS? A - THIS LONG SINGLE-EDGED KNIFE IS NAMED AFTER A PIONEER WHO FOUGHT AT THE ALAMO Q - WHAT IS A BOWIE? -------- GROUP 36 -------- Category: DICKENS A - CITY IN WHICH DICKENS' OLD CURIOSITY SHOW REALLY EXISTS Q - WHAT IS LONDON? A - THIS DICKENS CHARACTER WAS CHANGED BY THE VISIT OF THE THREE SPIRITS Q - WHO IS SCROOGE? A - HE'S THE ORPHAN BOY WHO *ASKED FOR MORE* Q - WHO IS OLIVER TWIST? A - IT CONTAINS, *IT IS A FAR, FAR BETTER THING THAT I DO, THAN I HAVE EVER DONE...* Q - WHAT IS A TALE OF TWO CITIES? A - MAGWITCH BEFRIENDS PIP IN THIS NOVEL Q - WHAT IS GREAT EXPECTATIONS? Category: PENNIES A - ACCORDING TO THE PROVERB, THIS *IS A PENNY EARNED* Q - WHAT IS A PENNY SAVED? A - SHE'S LAVERNE ON THE *LAVERNE & SHIRLEY* SERIES Q - WHO IS PENNY MARHSALL? A - WASHINGTON, D.C. LANDMARK ON THE U.S. ONE CENT PIECE Q - WHAT IS THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL? A - CHICKEN LITTLE'S CONFIDANTE Q - WHO IS HENNY PENNY? A - IN 1943, BECAUSE COPPER WAS SCARCE, PENNIES WERE MINTED OF THIS, THEN COATED WITH ZINC Q - WHAT IS STEEL? Category: BEGINS WITH I A - ANDREW JOHNSON WAS THE ONLY PRESIDENT TO UNDERGO THIS CENSURE Q - WHAT IS IMPEACHMENT? A - WHEN AN IRRESISTIBLE FORCE MEETS THIS KIND OF OBJECT *SOMETHING'S GOTTA GIVE* Q - WHAT IS IMMOVABLE? A - THE FIFTEENTH OF MARCH Q - WHAT IS THE IDES? A - THIS NONMETALLIC ELEMENT IS LARGELY EXTRACTED FROM SEAWEED Q - WHAT IS IODINE? A - A PERSONAL PECULIARITY OR MANNERISM Q - WHAT IS A IDIOSYNCRASY? Category: CHICAGO A - CHICAGO IS THE HOME TO THE WORLD'S FIRST & THE WORLD'S TALLEST OF THESE STRUCTURES Q - WHAT ARE SKYSCRAPERS? A - CHICAGO'S *EAST SIDE* IS ACTUALLY THIS LARGE BODY OF WATER Q - WHAT IS LAKE MICHIGAN? A - THE NAME FOR CHICAGO'S DOWNTOWN AREA WHICH IS SURROUNDED BY ELEVATED TRAINS Q - WHAT IS THE LOOP? A - HE WAS THE *BOSS* OF THE CITY FROM 1955 UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1976 Q - WHO IS MAYOR DALEY? A - *HOME OF THE ATOMIC BOMB* WHICH WAS CONCEIVED BENEATH ITS STADIUM BLEACHERS Q - WHAT IS THE U. OF CHICAGO? Category: *KEY* NOTES A - AREA ON A BASKETBALL COURT OR WHAT A VOYEUR *PEEPS* THROUGH Q - WHAT IS A KEYHOLE? A - LAWYER & PATRIOT BEST REMEMBERED FOR THE WORDS TO *STAR SPANGLED BANNER* Q - WHO IS FRANCIS SCOTT KEY? A - THIS '48 BOGART & BACALL FILM ALSO STARRED EDWARD G. ROBINSON Q - WHAT IS KEY LARGO? A - MACK SENNETT'S MOVIE POLICE FORCE Q - WHO ARE THE KEYSTONE COPS? A - DURING THE 19TH CENTURY THIS FLORIDA CITY WAS A MAJOR CIGAR-MAKING CENTER Q - WHAT IS KEY WEST? Category: FILTHY FOLKS A - RELIGIOUS-SOUNDING NICKNAME OF UNKEMPT CABBIE IN THE TV SERIES *TAXI* Q - WHO IS REVEREND JIM? A - DICK VAN DYKE'S SOOTY OCCUPATION IN *MARY POPPINS* Q - WHAT IS A CHIMNEY SWEEP? A - SIMIAN NICKNAME GIVEN TO AUTO MECHANICS Q - WHAT IS GREASE MONKEY? A - *PEANUTS* CHARACTER DESCRIBED AS CARRYING *SOIL OF EGYPT* ON HIM Q - WHO IS PIGPEN? A - CLINT EASTWOOD PLAYED THIS HARDBITTEN SAN FRANCISCO COP Q - WHO IS DIRTY HARRY? -------- GROUP 37 -------- Category: MARK TWAIN A - THIS RIVER WAS THE SOURCE OF TWAIN'S STORIES & TWAIN'S NAME Q - WHAT IS THE MISSISSIPPI? A - ACTOR WHO IMPERSONATED HIM IN *MARK TWAIN TONIGHT* Q - WHO IS HAL HOLBROOK? A - THE TRUE MURDERER IN *THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER* Q - WHO IS INJUN JOE? A - IN THE 1949 FILM, THIS CROONER PLAYED THE CONNECTICUT YANKEE IN KING ARTHUR'S COURT Q - WHO IS BING CROSBY? A - WHERE HIS STORY OF THE FAMOUS JUMPING FROG CONTEST TOOK PLACE Q - WHAT IS CALAVERAS COUNTY? Category: SOUP'S ON A - WACKY COMEDIAN WHOSE FRIENDS INCLUDE WHITE FANG & BLACK TOOTH Q - WHO IS SOUPY SALES? A - A CREOLE FAVORITE, IT CONTAINS OKRA & CHICKEN OR SEAFOOD Q - WHAT IS GUMBO? A - 1933 MARX BROTHERS COMEDY SET IN FREEDONIA Q - WHAT IS DUCK SOUP? A - THIS PHRASE MEANS *FROM THE VERY BEGINNING TO THE VERY END* Q - WHAT IS FROM SOUP TO NUTS? A - ARTIST WHO MADE CAMPBELL SOUP CANS POP ART Q - WHO IS ANDY WARHOL? Category: WORLD FLAGS A - *OLD GLORY* IS A NICKNAME FOR THE FLAG OF THIS COUNTRY Q - WHAT IS THE U.S.A.? A - THIS TINY COUNTRY'S FLAG BEARS THE KEYS OF ST. PETER & A PAPAL TIARA Q - WHAT IS THE VATICAN? A - THE FLAG SYMBOLIZING THIS INTERNATIONAL EVENT SHOWS FIVE INTERLOCKED CIRCLES Q - WHAT ARE THE OLYMPICS? A - THEIR FLAG FEATURES A STAR, A HAMMER & A SICKLE Q - WHAT IS THE U.S.S.R.? A - FLAG OF THIS HIMALAYAN NATION, COMPOSED OF 2 TRIANGLES, IS ONLY NON-RECTANGULAR NATIONAL BANNER Q - WHAT IS NEPAL? Category: FOLK SONGS OF THE '60'S A - A GATHERING WHERE EVERYONE SANG FOLK SONGS, EVEN AN OWL & GOAT Q - WHAT IS A HOOTENANNY? A - THE 1959 *TOM DOOLEY* HIT PROPELLED THEM TO STARDOM Q - WHO ARE THE KINGSTON TRIO? A - ANTI-WAR ACTIVIST WHO DEDICATED *FOR DAVID* TO HER JAILED SPOUSE, HER CURRENT CAUSE IS AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Q - WHO IS JOAN BAEZ? A - HIS EARLY FOLK-STYLE ALBUMS WERE *FREEWHEELIN...* & *THE TIMES THEY ARE A CHANGIN'* Q - WHO IS BOB DYLAN? A - HE LEFT *NEW CHRISTY MINSTRELS* TO FORM *THE FIRST EDITION* & IS NOW ONE OF THE BIGGEST SOLO ACTS Q - WHO IS KENNY ROGERS? Category: CHILDREN ONLY A - THIS FILM RATING MEANS *ALL AGES ADMITTED* Q - WHAT IS G? A - JIMMY AND ROY HOSTED THIS GROUP OF KIDS IN THE '50'S Q - WHO ARE THE MOUSKETEERS? A - A CHILDREN'S DOCTOR Q - WHAT IS A PEDIATRICIAN? A - TEDDY BEARS WERE NAMED AFTER HIM Q - WHO IS THEODORE ROOSEVELT? A - BEGUN IN 1939, THIS SPORTS PROGRAM IS NOW REQUIRED TO ACCEPT GIRLS Q - WHAT IS LITTLE LEAGUE? Category: FOR PETE'S SAKE A - HIS BROTHERS WERE FLOPSY, MOPSY & COTTONTAIL Q - WHO IS PETER RABBIT? A - HE RAN AWAY TO NEVER-NEVER LAND TO ESCAPE GROWING UP Q - WHO IS PETER PAN? A - HE WAS TV'S COLUMBO Q - WHO IS PETER FALK? A - HE'S THE COMMISSIONER OF THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE Q - WHO IS PETE ROZELLE? A - TWO OF THEIR BIGGEST HITS ARE *PUFF THE MAGIC DRAGON* & *BLOWIN IN THE WIND* Q - WHO ARE PETER, PAUL & MARY? -------- GROUP 38 -------- Category: ARIZONA A - FAMOUS FOR THEIR BEAUTIFUL BLANKETS, THIS IS THE LARGEST INDIAN TRIBE IN ARIZONA Q - WHO ARE THE NAVAJO? A - WHILE SOME THINK THIS FORMER SENATOR GLITTERS OTHERS THINK HE'S ALL WET Q - WHO IS BARRY GOLDWATER? A - BESIDES CARVING THE GRAND CANYON, THIS RIVER GAVE ITS NAME TO ONE OF ARIZONA'S NEIGHBORING STATES Q - WHAT IS THE COLORADO RIVER? A - OVER HALF OF U.S.'S SUPPLY OF THIS METAL, USED AS MIDDLE LAYER OF OUR *SILVER* COINS, COMES FROM ARIZONA Q - WHAT IS COPPER? A - WHEN ARIZONA WAS ADMITTED TO THE UNION, OUR FLAG THEN HAD THIS MANY STARS Q - WHAT IS 48? Category: COMICS AT HOME A - SUPERMAN'S ORIGINAL HOME PLANET Q - WHAT IS KRYPTON? A - THIS RED-HEADED WHITE-EYED ORPHAN GREW UP IN SIMMONS CORNERS Q - WHO IS LITTLE ORPHAN ANNIE? A - THE PERENNIAL TEENAGERS OF THIS COMIC BOOK SERIES ATTEND RIVERDALE HIGH Q - WHAT IS ARCHIE? A - COMIC STRIP SET IN GEORGIA'S OKEFENOKEE SWAMP Q - WHAT IS POGO? A - COUNTRY OF BIRTH OF *UNCLE* SCROOGE MCDUCK Q - WHAT IS SCOTLAND? Category: FISH A - OF PERCH, TUNA & SWORDFISH, THE ONE THAT'S A FRESHWATER FISH Q - WHAT IS PERCH? A - A MAN SWIMS 5 MPH, ONLY 1 MPH FASTER THAN THIS POPULAR PET FISH Q - WHAT IS A GOLDFISH? A - IT'S THE TERM FOR A FISH'S EXTERNAL, OVERLAPPING BONY PLATES Q - WHAT ARE SCALES? A - VARIETIES OF THIS WHISKERED FISH INCLUDE CHANNEL & BULLHEAD Q - WHAT IS A CATFISH? A - IT SPAWNS AT NIGHT ON SANDY BEACHES & BY LAW CAN ONLY BE CAUGHT BY HAND Q - WHAT IS A GRUNION? Category: 1 NAME ONLY A - FASHION MODEL DOLL WHOSE BOYFRIEND IS NAMED KEN Q - WHO IS BARBIE? A - GLITTERY PIANIST WHOSE CAREER SPANNED OVER 40 YEARS Q - WHO IS LIBERACE? A - THIS ROCK & ROLL SUPERSTAR HAILS FROM MINNEAPOLIS Q - WHO IS PRINCE? A - RED-HEADED SINGER-DANCER WHO SAID *BYE,BYE BIRDIE* THEN WENT TO LAS VEGAS Q - WHO IS ANN-MARGARET? A - ISRAELI STAR OF *FIDDLER ON THE ROOF* Q - WHO IS TOPOL? Category: FAMOUS 4SOMES A - WHERE YOU'LL FIND HEARTS, SPADES, CLUBS & DIAMONDS Q - WHAT IS A DECK OF CARDS? A - IN FILMS, THE MARX BROTHERS WERE GROUCHO, CHICO, HARPO & SOMETIMES HIM Q - WHO IS ZEPPO? A - PORTHOS, ATHOS, ARAMIS & D'ARTAGNAN Q - WHO ARE THE FOUR MUSKETEERS? A - IT IS THE ONLY POINT IN THE U.S. COMMON TO 4 STATE BOUNDARIES Q - WHAT IS FOUR CORNERS? A - LOUISA MAY ALCOTT'S *NOVEL FAMILY* INCLUDED MEG, JO, BETH & AMY Q - WHO ARE LITTLE WOMEN? Category: *COM* ON A - WHAT MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY CALL EACH OTHER Q - WHAT IS COMRADE? A - THE OPPOSITE OF TRAGEDY Q - WHAT IS COMEDY? A - ONE KIND HELPS YOU TO DRAW CIRCLES, THE OTHER KEEPS YOU FROM GOING AROUND IN THEM Q - WHAT IS A COMPASS? A - IN THE PEANUTS COMIC STRIP, WHAT LUCY IS DOING WHEN SHE'S BEING A FUSS-BUDGET Q - WHAT IS COMPLAINING? A - THE DAY OF CONFERRING SCHOLASTIC DEGREES Q - WHAT IS COMMENCEMENT? -------- GROUP 39 -------- Category: COUNTRIES A - THIS COUNTRY IS HOME TO HEINEKEN BEER Q - WHAT ARE THE NETHERLANDS? A - THE LARGEST COUNTRY ENTIRELY WITHIN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE Q - WHAT IS AUSTRALIA? A - ASIAN COUNTRY IN WHICH VENETIAN BLINDS ORIGINATED Q - WHAT IS JAPAN? A - THEY SOLD U.S. THE VIRGIN ISLANDS IN 1917 Q - WHAT IS DENMARK? A - LIKE THE UNITED STATES, THIS COUNTRY CONTAINS A RANGE OF SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS Q - WHAT IS SPAIN? Category: SCHOOL DAYS A - THIS ONE OF THE *THREE R'S* BEGINS WITH THE LETTER W Q - WHAT IS WRITING? A - THIS SECONDARY SCHOOL CLASS IS FREQUENTLY REFERRED TO BY ITS INITIALS, P.E. Q - WHAT IS PHYSICAL EDUCATION? A - TYPE OF SCHOOL NAMED FOR THE FACT THEY PROVIDE LODGING FOR THEIR STUDENTS Q - WHAT IS BOARDING SCHOOL? A - GENERAL TERM REFERRING TO SCHOOLS MAINTAINED BY RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS Q - WHAT IS PAROCHIAL? A - GLENN FORD STARRED AS HARRIED NEW YORK HIGH SCHOOL TEACHER IN THIS FILM WHICH FEATURED *ROCK AROUND THE CLOCK* Q - WHAT IS THE BLACKBOARD JUNGLE? Category: METALLIC NAMES A - THE LONE RANGER'S HORSE Q - WHO IS SILVER? A - '60'S BAND HEADED BY HERB ALBERT Q - WHO ARE THE TIJUANA BRASS? A - RAYMOND BURR PLAYED THIS DETECTIVE IN LONG-RUNNING TV SERIES OF THE SAME NAME Q - WHAT IS IRONSIDE? A - JAMES BOND NEMESIS WHO ATTEMPTED TO ROB FORT KNOX Q - WHO IS AURIC GOLDFINGER? A - THIS FOLK SINGER, WHO WROTE *GOODNIGHT, IRENE* WAS AN EX-CONVICT Q - WHO IS LEADBELLY? Category: SEA STORIES A - THE NARRATOR OF *MOBY DICK* SAYS TO CALL HIM THIS Q - WHO IS ISHMAEL? A - IN THIS NOVEL WHICH BECAME A HIT MINI-SERIES, A SAILOR, JOHN BLACKTHORNE, IS SHIPWRECKED IN JAPAN Q - WHAT IS SHOGUN? A - MUTINOUS OFFICER PLAYED BY GABLE, BRANDO & GIBSON Q - WHO IS MR. FLETCHER CHRISTIAN? A - MEDICAL NICKNAME OF CANNERY ROW'S MARINE BIOLOGIST Q - WHAT IS DOC? A - IT'S THE DEATH WARRANT THE BLIND BEGGAR GAVE BILLY BONES IN *TREASURE ISLAND* Q - WHAT IS A BLACK SPOT? Category: BEATLES A - ANIMATED FILM WHICH TOOK THE BEATLES TO PEPPERLAND Q - WHAT IS YELLOW SUBMARINE? A - IN *LADY MADONNA*, *FRIDAY NIGHT ARRIVES WITHOUT THIS* Q - WHAT IS A SUITCASE? A - THE YOUNGEST BEATLE Q - WHO IS GEORGE HARRISON? A - BEATLES TOLD *JUDE* TO DO THIS WITH A SAD SONG Q - WHAT IS MAKE IT BETTER? A - HE WAS THE BEATLES ORIGINAL DRUMMER Q - WHO IS PETE BEST? Category: NAME GAME A - A SMALL PIECE OF WOOD, *OFF THE OLD BLOCK* OR *ON THE SHOULDER* Q - WHAT IS A CHIP? A - A BURGLAR USES IT TO FORCE OPEN A WINDOW Q - WHAT IS A JIMMY? A - A BIRD'S BEAK, OR *LA CUENTA, POR FAVOR* Q - WHAT IS A BILL? A - YOU CAN DO THIS TO YOUR HAIR, YOUR HEAD & YOUR HORSE'S TAIL Q - WHAT IS BOB? A - NAME THAT PRECEDES MILLER, COLLEGE & BLOW Q - WHAT IS JOE? -------- GROUP 40 -------- Category: EGYPT A - THE SUEZ CANAL LINKS THE GULF OF SUEZ AND THIS SEA Q - WHAT IS THE MEDITERRANEAN? A - IN ANCIENT EGYPT, THIS WORD MEANT *RULER* Q - WHAT IS PHARAOH? A - THE ASWAN DAM SPANS THIS RIVER Q - WHAT IS THE NILE? A - LOCATED AT GIZA, IT HAS THE HEAD OF A HUMAN AND THE BODY OF A LION Q - WHAT IS THE SPHINX? A - HE GAVE UP THE THRONE OF EGYPT IN 1952 Q - WHO IS KING FAROUK? Category: PUBLISHING A - THIS *FEMINIST FATALE* HELPED FOUND THE WOMAN'S MAGAZINE, *MS* Q - WHO IS GLORIA STEINEM? A - JANN WENNER FOUNDED THIS MUSIC MAGAZINE WHOSE TITLE SOUNDS LIKE A ROCK GROUP Q - WHAT IS ROLLING STONE? A - BURT REYNOLDS' CENTERFOLD IN THIS MAGAZINE WAS A SELLOUT Q - WHAT IS COSMOPOLITAN? A - HIS FUNERAL SERVICES WERE PIPED INTO THE TIME & LIFE BUILDING Q - WHO IS HENRY LUCE? A - AUSTRALIAN PUBLISHING MAGNATE WHOSE *NEW YORK POST* FEATURES LURID HEADLINES Q - WHO IS RUPERT MURDOCH? Category: DOGS ON T.V. A - THIS COLLIE WAS THE FIRST ANIMAL NAMED TO ANIMAL HALL OF FAME Q - WHO IS LASSIE? A - ON TV, THIS BEAUTIFUL GERMAN SHEPHERD WAS RUSTY'S FAITHFUL COMPANION Q - WHO IS RIN TIN TIN? A - THE *LITTLE RASCALS* DOG WITH A RING AROUND HIS EYE Q - WHO IS PETE? A - THIS LARGE TV FAMILY HAD A SHAGGY SHEEP DOG NAMED TIGER Q - WHAT ARE THE BRADY BUNCH? A - THIS TALKING BASSET HOUND EXPRESSED HERSELF ON THE CLASSIC SERIES *THE PEOPLE'S CHOICE* Q - WHO IS CLEO? Category: BRITISH ENGLISH A - BRITISH *CHIPS* ARE THE EQUIVALENT OF THIS U.S. JUNK FOOD Q - WHAT ARE FRENCH FRIES? A - THE NAME OF AN AMERICAN CEREAL, IT MEANS *SO LONG* IN ENGLAND Q - WHAT IS CHEERIO? A - BRITISH BABIES DON'T TAKE A NAPPY, THEY WEAR ONE Q - WHAT IS A DIAPER? A - ONE'S STATUS IF HE IS *SENT DOWN* FROM OXFORD Q - WHAT IS EXPELLED? A - ORDER A BANGER IN ENGLAND AND YOU'LL GET THIS Q - WHAT IS A SAUSAGE? Category: ROUND ROBIN A - *THE DYNAMIC DUO* Q - WHO ARE BATMAN & ROBIN? A - THIS COMEDIAN SHOWS HIS ACTING AND LINGUISTIC PROWESS IN *MOSCOW ON THE HUDSON* Q - WHO IS ROBIN WILLIAMS? A - U.S. COLONISTS NAMED THIS VARIETY AFTER A EUROPEAN BIRD WITH A MUCH REDDER CHEST Q - WHAT IS THE ROBIN RED BREAST? A - A.A. MILNE'S SON, HE'S THE SUBJECT OF *WINNIE THE POOH* Q - WHO IS CHRISTOPHER ROBIN? A - BORN ROBERT FITZOOTH IN 1160, HE WAS THE OUTLAWED EARL OF HUNTINGTON Q - WHO IS ROBIN HOOD? Category: PURE EVIL A - MR. HYDE'S ALTER-EGO Q - WHO IS DR. JEKYLL? A - HE *KNOWS WHAT EVIL LURKS IN THE HEARTS OF MEN* Q - WHAT IS A SHADOW? A - HE'S THE VILLAIN OF GENESIS 3,13 Q - WHAT IS A SERPENT? A - VILLAIN CREATED BY SAX ROHMER, HE PERSONIFIED THE STEREOTYPE OF *YELLOW PERIL* Q - WHO IS DR. FU MANCHU? A - THIS INCESTUOUS SON OF KING ARTHUR BROUGHT ABOUT THE FALL OF CAMELOT Q - WHO IS MORDRED? -------- GROUP 41 -------- Category: SOUTHERN EUROPE A - OF ROME & NAPLES, THE MORE SOUTHERN Q - WHAT IS NAPLES? A - THIS 1400 FT. HIGH PENINSULA JUTS INTO THE MEDITERRANEAN FROM SPAIN'S SOUTHWEST COAST Q - WHAT IS THE ROCK OF GIBRALTAR? A - THIS BODY OF WATER LIES BETWEEN GREECE & TURKEY Q - WHAT IS THE AEGEAN SEA? A - COUNTRY DIRECTLY NORTH OF BULGARIA Q - WHAT IS ROMANIA? A - RIVER THAT DOMINATES THE NORTH OF ITALY Q - WHAT IS THE PO? Category: T.V. NEWS A - THIS SHOW'S TRADEMARK IS A TICKING STOPWATCH Q - WHAT IS 60 MINUTES? A - AFTER CHEVY DROVE OFF, SHE ANCHORED SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE'S *WEEKEND UPDATE* Q - WHO IS JANE CURTIN? A - THIS CBS ANCHOR'S RATINGS WARMED UP WHEN HE STARTED TO WEAR A SWEATER Q - WHO IS DAN RATHER? A - ABILITY TO GRAB THE HARD-TO-GET INTERVIEW HAS MADE HER HIGHEST PAID NEWSWOMAN IN BROADCASTING Q - WHO IS BARBARA WALTERS? A - CIGARETTE-SMOKING PIONEER TV NEWSMAN WHO DEFIED SENATOR JOE MCCARTHY Q - WHO IS EDWARD R. MURROW? Category: PAR FOR THE COURSE A - SPOT FROM WHICH GOLFER DRIVES FIRST BALL OF HOLE OR THE WOODEN PEG HE USES THERE Q - WHAT IS A TEE? A - COUNTRY OF ST. ANDREW'S, THE WORLD'S FIRST PUBLIC GOLF COURSE Q - WHAT IS SCOTLAND? A - COLOR OF THE COAT AWARDED EACH CHAMPION OF THE MASTERS' TOURNAMENT Q - WHAT IS GREEN? A - TERM ORIGINALLY USED INSTEAD OF PAR, NOW MEANS ONE STROKE OVER PAR Q - WHAT IS A BOGEY? A - HIS 1930 *GRAND SLAM* OF BRITISH & AMERICAN AMATEUR & OPEN TOURNAMENTS HAS NEVER BEEN EQUALLED Q - WHO IS BOBBY JONES? Category: BABIES A - IN THE BIBLE, PHARAOH'S DAUGHTER FOUND THIS BABY IN THE BULLRUSHES Q - WHO IS MOSES? A - FAMED PEDIATRICIAN & PEACE ACTIVIST, HE WAS MEDAL-WINNING OARSMAN IN '24 OLYMPICS Q - WHO IS DR. BENJAMIN SPOCK? A - IN 1982, HE BECAME SECOND IN LINE OF SUCCESSION TO BRITISH CROWN Q - WHO IS PRINCE WILLIAM? A - CHRONIC INFANT CONDITION MARKED BY ABDOMINAL DISTRESS & CRANKY TEMPER Q - WHAT IS COLIC? A - TWO-LETTER DESCRIPTION OF GENES DETERMINING SEX OF AVERAGE MALE INFANT Q - WHAT IS XY? Category: STARTS WITH *E* A - THE ORIGINAL POPULATION IN THIS BIBLICAL GARDEN WAS 2 Q - WHAT IS EDEN? A - HOW TO AVOID HAVING A WEDDING BUT STILL GET MARRIED Q - WHAT IS ELOPE? A - WORD THAT PRECEEDS *COME* & *GO& IN CAREFREE PHILOSOPHY Q - WHAT IS EASY? A - YOUR DINNER REACHES YOUR STOMACH VIA THIS Q - WHAT IS YOUR ESOPHAGUS? A - IT IS A GOVERNMENT ORDER FORBIDDING TRADE Q - WHAT IS AN EMBARGO? Category: BY *GEORGE* A - CIGAR-SMOKING OCTOGENARIAN *SEX SYMBOL* Q - WHO IS GEORGE BURNS? A - BORN ERIC BLAIR, HE WROTE *1984* & *ANIMAL FARM* UNDER THIS NAME Q - WHO IS GEORGE ORWELL? A - A SUSPENSION BRIDGE CONNECTING NEW YORK WITH NEW JERSEY Q - WHAT IS GEORGE WASHINGTON BRIDGE? A - THIS NOSY LITTLE MONKEY APPEARS IN CHILDREN'S BOOKS BY H.A. REY Q - WHO IS CURIOUS GEORGE? A - WRESTLER KNOWN FOR FLAMBOYANT ROBES & CURLED BLOND HAIR Q - WHO IS GORGEOUS GEORGE? -------- GROUP 42 -------- Category: LIGHT A - COLOR OF A BUNSEN BURNER'S HOTTEST FLAME Q - WHAT IS BLUE? A - A 3-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOGRAPH RECORDED ON FILM BY LASER Q - WHAT IS A HOLOGRAM? A - ULTRAVIOLET 1960'S DISCOTHEQUE GIMMICK THAT MADE *WHITE* A REAL STAND OUT Q - WHAT IS BLACK LIGHT? A - TRIANGULAR-SHAPED GLASS OPTICAL DEVICE THAT SPLITS LIGHT INTO RAINBOWS Q - WHAT IS A PRISM? A - LUMINOUS WITH INTENSE HEAT, IT'S THE NAME OF EDISON'S BULB Q - WHAT IS INCANDESCENT? Category: FOOD FOR THOUGHT A - SOUNDS LIKE A COWARDLY BROTH, SOMETIMES DESCRIBED AS JEWISH PENICILLIN Q - WHAT IS CHICKEN SOUP? A - THE SONG *FOOD, GLORIOUS FOOD* COMES FROM THIS MUSICAL Q - WHAT IS OLIVER? A - USES FOR THIS NATIVE AMERICAN CROP INCLUDE OIL, MEAL & BOURBON WHISKEY Q - WHAT IS CORN? A - JUICY CITRUS FRUIT HAVING THE DISTINCTION OF NOT RHYMING WITH ANY OTHER WORD IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Q - WHAT IS AN ORANGE? A - ANIMAL SOURCE FOR RASHERS Q - WHAT ARE PIGS? Category: TELEVISION A - JOHNNY CARSON'S MUSICAL *PHYSICIAN* Q - WHO IS DOC SEVERINSEN? A - SPACE CAPTAIN WHO'S NOW A *HOOKER* Q - WHO IS WILLIAM SHATNER? A - *MONSTROUS* FAMILY WHO LIVED AT 1313 MOCKINGBIRD LANE Q - WHO ARE THE MUNSTERS? A - BLACK FAMILY WHO GOT AWAY FROM *ARCH* BY HARD WORK & A LITTLE *STARCH* Q - WHO ARE THE JEFFERSONS? A - HE'S GOT *THE DOLL* IN TOW ON THE LITE BEER COMMERCIALS Q - WHO IS MICKEY SPILLANE? Category: DOGS A - THE SILENT BASENJI CAN'T DO THIS UP THE WRONG TREE Q - WHAT IS BARK? A - DOG THAT HELPS FIREMAN OUT OF HOT *SPOTS* Q - WHAT IS A DALMATION? A - BREED THAT WOULD FEEL COMFORTABLE WITH THE MARQUIS OF QUEENSBURY RULES Q - WHAT IS A BOXER? A - THIS POPULAR SPANIEL FROM ENGLAND WAS NAMED FOR ITS ABILITY TO HUNT WOODCOCKS Q - WHAT IS A COCKER SPANIEL? A - THIS CHINESE BREED WITH A BLACK TONGUE MIGHT EAT PURINA DOG FOOD Q - WHAT IS A CHOW? Category: GAMES A - GAME PLAYED WITH A BALL SUSPENDED FROM AN UPRIGHT POLE Q - WHAT IS TETHERBALL? A - AQUATIC GAME NAMED AFTER AN EQUESTRIAN ONE Q - WHAT IS WATER POLO? A - PLAYED WITH 3 BALLS & A CUE STICK Q - WHAT IS BILLIARDS? A - JAPANESE GAME OF CAPTURED TERRITORY PLAYED WITH BLACK & WHITE STONES Q - WHAT IS GO? A - TARGET GAME IN WHICH YOU START AT 103 & WORK YOUR WAY DOWN Q - WHAT IS DARTS? Category: STARTS WITH Z A - SHARP TURN AT AN ANGLE TO A ZIG Q - WHAT IS ZAG? A - NAUGHT, NIL, NOTHING, THE ONE BEFORE 1 Q - WHAT IS ZERO? A - IN SONG, THE WAY THE *STRINGS OF MY HEART* WENT Q - WHAT IS ZING? A - TOP, SUMMIT, ACME, THE OPPOSITE OF NADIR Q - WHAT IS ZENITH? A - A MEMBER OF THE PUEBLO INDIANS LIVING IN WESTERN NEW MEXICO Q - WHAT IS A ZUNI? -------- GROUP 43 -------- Category: ART & ARTISTS A - GILBERT STUART IS FAMOUS FOR HIS UNFINISHED PORTRAIT OF THIS U.S. PRESIDENT Q - WHO IS GEORGE WASHINGTON? A - CARMINE, VERMILION & CADMIUM ARE TYPES OF THIS COLOR Q - WHAT IS RED? A - ART FORM OF EDWARD STEICHEN, ANSEL ADAMS & ANNIE LEIBOVITZ Q - WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHY? A - SCULPTOR'S MEDIUM THAT IS 9 PARTS COPPER & 1 PART TIN Q - WHAT IS BRONZE? A - THIS COLORFUL FRENCH PAINTER WENT FROM STOCK BROKER TO *BEACHCOMBER* Q - WHO IS PAUL GAUGUIN? Category: BEGINS WITH *B* A - YOU SHOULD NEVER PUT ALL YOUR EGGS IN ONE OF THESE Q - WHAT IS A BASKET? A - PART OF A FREIGHT TRAIN OR A THROW OF 12 IN CRAPS Q - WHAT ARE BOXCARS? A - CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3, IT'S USED AS LIGHTER FLUID Q - WHAT IS BUTANE? A - AT THIS TOWER, *THE LORD DID CONFOUND THE LANGUAGE OF ALL THE EARTH* Q - WHAT IS BABEL? A - AN IRISH FEMALE SPIRIT, PEOPLE ARE SAID TO *WAIL LIKE* ONE Q - WHAT IS A BANSHEE? Category: THE WILD WEST A - INDIAN TRIBE WHOSE NAME SOUNDS LIKE THEY'D TAKE YOU TO COURT Q - WHO ARE THE SIOUX? A - FAMOUS STAGECOACH COMPANY THAT LATER MERGED WITH RAILWAY EXPRESS Q - WHAT IS WELLS FARGO? A - SHOTGUN, BATWING & WOOLIES WERE BASIC TYPES OF THESE PROTECTIVE LEGGINGS Q - WHAT ARE CHAPS? A - LAST NAME SHARED BY FAMOUS GUN MAKER & FAMOUS PAINTER OF COWBOYS & INDIANS Q - WHAT IS REMINGTON? A - THIS GUNSLINGING DANDY & SHERIFF OF DODGE WOUND UP A SPORTS REPORTER IN N.Y.C. Q - WHO IS BAT MASTERSON? Category: FADS A - OFF-SHOULDER SWEATSHIRTS COPY FASHIONS OF THIS FRENETIC FILM Q - WHAT IS FLASHDANCE? A - THIS CANADIAN COMBINATION OF PARCHEESI & TRIFLING QUESTIONS WAS THE HIT BOARD GAME OF CHRISTMAS, 1983 Q - WHAT IS TRIVIAL PUSUIT? A - A MAN DID THIS WHILE DAVID NIVEN SPOKE AT THE '73 ACADEMY AWARDS Q - WHAT IS STREAKING? A - THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION BEGAN COMPETITIVE THROWING OF THESE IN 1957 Q - WHAT ARE FRISBEES? A - HE'S YELLOW & RUNS FROM GHOSTS, UNLESS THEY'RE FEELING BLUE Q - WHO IS PAC-MAN? Category: COMEDY PROPS A - JACK BENNY & HENNY YOUNGMAN HAVE THIS PROP IN COMMON Q - WHAT IS A VIOLIN? A - GROUCHO MARX & ERNIE KOVACS WERE RARELY SEEN WITHOUT ONE OF THESE Q - WHAT IS A CIGAR? A - STEVE MARTIN USED TO APPEAR ON STAGE WITH ONE OF THESE STUCK THROUGH HIS HEAD Q - WHAT IS AN ARROW? A - RAY WALSTON SOMETIMES WORE THESE WHEN PORTRAYING UNCLE MARTIN Q - WHAT ARE ANTENNAE? A - SMASHING THESE BECAME COMIC GALLAGHER'S TRADEMARK Q - WHAT ARE WATERMELONS? Category: CRABBY A - FOURTH SIGN OF THE ZODIAC Q - WHAT IS CANCER? A - WEEDY LAWN PEST Q - WHAT IS CRABGRASS? A - FORMER OLYMPIC SWIMMER WHO PLAYED BUCK ROGERS & FLASH GORDON Q - WHO IS BUSTER CRABBE? A - A TART FRUIT USED FOR MAKING JELLY Q - WHAT IS A CRAB APPLE? A - PRETTY BLOND TEACHER OF THE *LITTLE RASCALS* Q - WHO IS MISS CRABTREE? -------- GROUP 44 -------- Category: 20TH CENTURY A - 21-YEAR OLD MEMPHIS TRUCK DRIVER WHO BECAME KING OF ROCK 'N' ROLL Q - WHO IS ELVIS PRESLEY? A - BOSTON DEFEATED PITTSBURGH IN THE 1ST OF THESE SPORTS CHAMPIONSHIPS IN 1903 Q - WHAT IS THE WORLD SERIES? A - IN 1928 HE PROMISED AMERICANS *2 CHICKENS IN EVERY POT* Q - WHO IS HERBERT HOOVER? A - KATE SMITH FIRST SANG THIS IRVING BERLIN SONG ON ARMISTICE DAY OF 1938 Q - WHAT IS GOD BLESS AMERICA? A - DEVELOPED BY DU PONT LABS, THIS SYNTHETIC FIBER WAS FIRST CALLED *POLYMER 66* Q - WHAT IS NYLON? Category: WOMAN WRITERS A - HUMORIST ERMA BOMBECK WRITES ABOUT THIS AS THE SECOND OLDEST PROFESSION Q - WHAT IS MOTHERHOOD? A - THIS 1966 JACQUELINE SUSANN NOVEL HAS SOLD OVER 20 MILLION COPIES Q - WHAT IS VALLEY OF THE DOLLS? A - MARGARET MITCHELL'S ONLY NOVEL, IT WON A PULITZER PRIZE IN 1937 Q - WHAT IS GONE WITH THE WIND? A - KATHLEEN TURNER PLAYS A POPULAR WOMAN WRITER IN THIS HIT COMEDY-ADVENTURE FILM Q - WHAT IS ROMANCING THE STONE? A - THIS HISTORIAN WROTE *THE GUNS OF AUGUST*, *A DISTANT MIRROR* AND *THE MARCH OF FOLLY* Q - WHO IS BARBARA TUCHMAN? Category: TRANSPORTATION A - IT'S THE PRESIDENT'S PERSONAL PLANE Q - WHAT IS AIRFORCE ONE? A - THE PROPER SIDE FROM WHICH TO MOUNT A HORSE Q - WHAT IS THE LEFT? A - JAPAN BUILT THIS 8.2 MILE SYSTEM FOR USE DURING THE 1964 OLYMPIC GAMES THERE Q - WHAT IS THE MONORAIL? A - THOSE WHO RALLY TO A SUCCESSFUL CAUSE ARE SAID TO JUMP ON THIS Q - WHAT IS THE BANDWAGON? A - HE INVENTED THE RAILWAY SLEEPING COACH Q - WHO IS GEORGE M. PULLMAN? Category: STARTS WITH L A - LOBSTERS HAVE 8, & INSECTS HAVE 6 Q - WHAT ARE LEGS? A - IN THE PROVERBS, HE WHO DOES THIS LAST DOES IT BEST Q - WHAT IS LAUGH? A - THE NAME OF HARVARD'S HUMOR MAGAZINE, IT MEANS SATIRICAL PARODY Q - WHAT IS LAMPOON? A - IT'S SLANG FOR A BRITISH SAILOR Q - WHAT IS A LIMEY? A - THIS IS AN INTERMEDIATE OR TRANSITIONAL PLACE OR STATE, A MIDDLE GROUND Q - WHAT IS LIMBO? Category: GAMES A - *ANYONE AROUND MY BASE IS* THIS Q - WHAT IS IT? A - LOSER OF THIS GAME IS ONE LEFT HOLDING *THE ODD QUEEN* Q - WHAT IS OLD MAID? A - THIS GAME HAS 225 SPACES FOR TILES Q - WHAT IS SCRABBLE? A - OF BISHOP, KNIGHT & CASTLE, THE CHESS PIECE ALSO CALLED *ROOK* Q - WHAT IS A CASTLE? A - IN FRENCH MONOPOLY, THIS EXPENSIVE PROPERTY IS RUE DE LA PAIX, IN BRITAIN, IT'S MAYFAIR Q - WHAT IS BOARDWALK? Category: WEATHER OR NOT A - TO LERNER & LOEWE, IT STAYED MAINLY IN THE PLAIN Q - WHAT IS RAIN? A - IN SONG, THEY BRING THE FLOWERS THAT BLOOM IN MAY Q - WHAT ARE APRIL SHOWERS? A - CHICAGO NICKNAME Q - WHAT IS WINDY CITY? A - OF SNOW, RAIN, HEAT AND SLUSH, THE ONE NOT PART OF THE POST OFFICE MOTTO Q - WHAT IS SLUSH? A - '66 BEATLE SONG BIDS THIS *GOOD DAY* Q - WHAT IS SUNSHINE? -------- GROUP 45 -------- Category: ROARING '20'S A - COLOR USED TO DESCRIBE TUESDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1929 Q - WHAT IS BLACK? A - 1923'S TOP HIT SONG SAID *YES, HE HAVE* NONE OF THESE Q - WHAT ARE BANANAS? A - WIDESPREAD BREAKING OF THIS FEDERAL LAW LED TO RISE OF RACKETEERING Q - WHAT IS PROHIBITION? A - AFTER TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL, THIS PRESIDENT SAID, *MY GOD, THIS IS A HELL OF A JOB* Q - WHO IS WARREN HARDING? A - BATTED AFTER BABE RUTH ON THE YANKEES' FABLED *MURDERER'S ROW* Q - WHO IS LOU GEHRIG? Category: MONEY MATTERS A - COIN EQUIVALENT TO *FOUR BITS* Q - WHAT IS 50 CENTS? A - MONETARY UNIT OF ISRAEL, IRELAND, EGYPT & BRITAIN Q - WHAT IS THE POUND? A - THE DENOMINATION OF CURRENCY SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS A *C* NOTE Q - WHAT IS A HUNDRED? A - THE BUILDING ON THE BACK OF A TEN-DOLLAR BILL Q - WHAT IS THE U.S. TREASURY? A - THE PROFESSION OF MILTON FRIEDMAN & ELIOT JANEWAY Q - WHAT ARE ECONOMISTS? Category: CATS A - FICTIONAL FAT CAT WHO STARRED IN 4 BOOKS ON PAPERBACK TOP 10 AT ONCE Q - WHO IS GARFIELD? A - THIS TERM FOR AN ASSEMBLAGE OF LIONS REFERS TO THEIR DIGNITY Q - WHAT IS A PRIDE? A - PREHISTORIC CAT WITH 7-INCH FANGS, KNOWN AS SMILODON Q - WHAT IS A SABER-TOOTHED TIGER? A - THE ISLE OF MAN PRODUCED THIS TAILLESS BREED OF CAT Q - WHAT IS A MANX? A - LARGEST TYPE OF CAT IN THE AMERICAS Q - WHAT IS THE JAGUAR? Category: SPORTS A - IF YOU CONVERT THE 7-10 SPLIT YOU GET A SPARE IN THIS SPORT Q - WHAT IS BOWLING? A - INFURIATED HITLER BY WINNING GOLD MEDALS IN TRACK AT THE 1936 OLYMPICS Q - WHO IS JESSE OWENS? A - THIS WAS FIRST KNOWN AS MUSH-BALL, KITTEN-BALL OR INDOOR BASEBALL Q - WHAT IS SOFTBALL? A - THIS LEG OF HORSERACING'S *TRIPLE CROWN* IS HELD IN NEW YORK Q - WHAT IS THE BELMONT STAKES? A - THE AUSTRALIAN CRAWL WILL GET YOU SOMEWHERE IN THIS SPORT Q - WHAT IS SWIMMING? Category: 3LETTER WORDS A - A CROWD, OR SLANG FOR A GANG OF CRIMINALS Q - WHAT IS A MOB? A - A PARTICULARLY DENSE ONE CAN BE THICK AS PEA SOUP Q - WHAT IS A FOG? A - PRECEDES *HEAD*, *STRIPE* & *BALL* Q - WHAT IS PIN? A - A POINTED INSTRUMENT FOR MAKING HOLES IN LEATHER OR WOOD Q - WHAT IS AN AWL? A - TO INQUIRE PRESUMPTUOUSLY, OR TO RAISE WITH A LEVER Q - WHAT IS TO PRY? Category: TEST YOUR *METAL* A - THIS CALIFORNIA BOOM BEGAN IN 1848 & PEAKED IN '49 Q - WHAT IS THE GOLD RUSH? A - THE CORE METAL *SANDWICHED* IN QUARTERS & DIMES Q - WHAT IS COPPER? A - IN 1896, URANIUM WAS FOUND TO HAVE THIS PROPERTY Q - WHAT IS RADIOACTIVITY? A - THIS *PRECIOUS* RECORD IS AWARDED FOR AN LP THAT SELLS OVER 1 MILLION COPIES Q - WHAT IS A PLATINUM RECORD? A - SILVER SULFIDE IS THE CHEMICAL NAME FOR THIS ANNOYING SUBSTANCE Q - WHAT IS TARNISH? -------- GROUP 46 -------- Category: CIVICS A - THE TITLE GIVEN THE SUPERINTENDENT OF A POST OFFICE Q - WHAT IS POSTMASTER? A - ONE WHO HAS FULL MEMBERSHIP IN A STATE OR NATION Q - WHAT IS A CITIZEN? A - NAME GIVEN FOR THE FIVE COUNTIES THAT MAKE UP NEW YORK CITY Q - WHAT ARE BUROUGHS? A - IT'S SO NAMED BECAUSE IT COMPRISES A GREATER NUMBER THAN AN ORDINARY JURY Q - WHAT IS A GRAND JURY? A - ONE WHO GIVES UP CITIZENSHIP IN ONE COUNTRY FOR ALLEGIANCE TO ANOTHER Q - WHAT IS AN EXPATRIATE ? Category: 4 LETTER WORDS A - IN THE PROVERB, HALF OF THIS IS BETTER THAN NONE Q - WHAT IS A LOAF? A - ARMOR-BREAKING CLUB, TEAR GAS OR A SPICE FROM OUTER COVERING OF NUTMEG Q - WHAT IS A MACE? A - TO BLOW IN SHORT GUSTS OR THE MAGIC DRAGON Q - WHAT IS PUFF? A - A CARNIVAL PERFORMER WHO BITES THE HEADS OFF LIVE CHICKENS Q - WHAT IS A GEEK? A - FROM SCOTTISH FOR *OLD COW*, SMALLEST OF A LITTER Q - WHAT IS A RUNT? Category: MAN'S BEST FRIEND A - THIS TINY, SHORT-HAIRED DOG IS ORIGINALLY FROM MEXICO Q - WHAT IS A CHIHUAHUA? A - ESKIMO DOGS BELONG TO LUPINE GROUP, 'CAUSE THEY'VE BEEN MATED WITH THESE Q - WHAT ARE WOLVES? A - AT 1 TIME, ONLY A CHINESE OF ROYAL BLOOD COULD OWN THESE Q - WHAT ARE PEKINGESE? A - THE ONLY DOG THAT'S NATIVE TO AUSTRALIA Q - WHAT IS THE DINGO? A - A LONGHAIRED BREED OF RUSSIAN WOLFHOUND, ITS NAME IS RUSSIAN FOR SWIFT Q - WHAT IS THE BORZOI? Category: ENGLAND A - ENGLAND'S FAVORITE TAKE HOME FOOD, IT'S TRADITIONALLY WRAPPED IN NEWSPAPERS Q - WHAT ARE FISH & CHIPS? A - *PUDDING* TRADITIONALLY SERVED WITH ENGLISH ROAST BEEF ORIGINATED IN THIS COUNTY Q - WHAT IS YORKSHIRE? A - MATCHES IN THIS SUMMER SPORT ARE SOMETIMES CALLED CALLED *TESTS* Q - WHAT IS CRICKET? A - INFORMAL NAME FOR BRITISH POLICE, DERIVED FROM FOUNDER OF METROPOLITAN LONDON FORCE Q - WHAT ARE BOBBIES? A - PRINCE PHILIP OF U.K. IS FORMER PRINCE OF THIS COUNTRY Q - WHAT IS GREECE? Category: FISHY NAMES A - DEBBIE REYNOLD'S DAUGHTER, SHE STARS IN *STAR WARS* Q - WHO IS CARRIE FISHER? A - HE PLAYED *HUTCH* IN THE SERIES *STARSKY AND HUTCH* Q - WHO IS DAVID SOUL? A - SHE SANG SEVERAL JAMES BOND THEMES INCLUDING *GOLDFINGER* Q - WHO IS SHIRLEY BASSEY? A - THEY WERE THE 1973 & 1974 SUPER BOWL CHAMPIONS Q - WHO ARE THE MIAMI DOLPHINS? A - THIS FORMER F.C.C. CHAIRMAN CALLED TV *A VAST WASTELAND* Q - WHO IS NEWTON MINOW? Category: APPLE FOR THE TEACHER A - DEBBIE ALLEN PLAYS THE DANCE TEACHER OF THE HIGH SCHOOL FOR PERFORMING ARTS IN THIS SYNDICATED TV SERIES Q - WHAT IS FAME? A - BEFORE BECOMING AN EARLY MORNING HOST, HE PLAYED TV TEACHER LUCAS TANNER Q - WHO IS DAVID HARTMAN? A - SHE IS MEL LAZARUS' CARTOON-STRIP TEACHER Q - WHO IS MISS PEACH? A - THIS ACTRESS CAME FULL-CIRCLE WHEN SHE PLAYED ANNE SULLIVAN IN THE TV VERSION OF *THE MIRACLE WORKER* Q - WHO IS PATTY DUKE? A - EVE ARDEN STARRED IN THIS '50'S SITCOM ABOUT LIFE IN A HIGH SCHOOL Q - WHAT IS OUR MISS BROOKS? -------- GROUP 47 -------- Category: DANGEROUS BEASTS A - AFTER THE MOSQUITO, THIS REPTILE IS AFRICA'S BIGGEST KILLER Q - WHAT IS THE CROCODILE? A - THE TRUE VAMPIRE BAT IS NATIVE TO THIS CONTINENT, NOT TO TRANSYLVANIA Q - WHAT IS SOUTH AMERICA? A - ALTHOUGH NOT THE MOST VENOMOUS, THIS SNAKE TAKES UP TO 10,000 LIVES A YEAR IN INDIA Q - WHAT IS THE COBRA? A - ITS BITE CAUSES AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS Q - WHAT IS THE TSETSE FLY? A - THIS FEARSOME SPIDER CAN BE RECOGNIZED BY AN HOURGLASS-SHAPED RED SPOT Q - WHAT IS THE BLACK WIDOW? Category: ISLANDS A - LOCATED OFF THE TOE OF ITALY'S BOOT, IT'S THE MEDITERRANEAN'S LARGEST ISLAND Q - WHAT IS SICILY? A - IN 1977, PRESIDENT FORD PROPOSED STATEHOOD FOR THIS COMMONWEALTH Q - WHAT IS PUERTO RICO? A - THE ONLY NEW YORK BUROUGH NOT ON AN ISLAND Q - WHAT IS THE BRONX? A - THE MUTINY ON THE BOUNTY TOOK PLACE AFTER THE SHIP VISITED THIS SOUTH SEA ISLAND Q - WHAT IS TAHITI? A - THE PORTUGUESE NAME FOR TAIWAN Q - WHAT IS FORMOSA? Category: MATERIAL EVIDENCE A - IN AN ELVIS HIT SONG, DON'T STEP ON HIS BLUE SHOES MADE OF THIS Q - WHAT IS SUEDE? A - IT DESCRIBES CORN TASSELS, BEAUTIFUL HAIR OR A JOCKEY'S CAP & SHIRT Q - WHAT IS SILK? A - LIZ TAYLOR'S FIRST NAME IN A 1944 HORSERACING FILM Q - WHAT IS VELVET? A - HIGHLANDERS' KILTS ARE FASHIONED FROM THESE DISTINCTIVE SCOTCH PLAIDS Q - WHAT ARE TARTANS? A - THIS SHEER, OPENWEAVE MUSLIN WITH A EUROPEAN NAME HAS TINY RAISED SPOTS WOVEN IN Q - WHAT IS DOTTED SWISS? Category: GODDESS A - GODDESS OF THE HUNT AND ENGLISH PRINCESS Q - WHO IS DIANA? A - THE GODDESS OF DISCORD, SHE SOWED THE SEEDS OF THE TROJAN WAR Q - WHO IS ERIS? A - ROMAN GODDESS OF DAWN, HER NAME PRECEDES *BOREALIS* IN THE PROPER NAME FOR THE NORTHERN LIGHT Q - WHO IS AURORA? A - MOTHER OF CUPID, SHE APPEARS IN A FAMOUS BOTTICELLI PAINTING STANDING ON A SEASHELL Q - WHO IS VENUS? A - ROMAN GODDESS OF MARRIAGE & THE WIFE OF JUPITER Q - WHO IS JUNO? Category: FROSTY FLICKS A - TIMOTHY HUTTON MOVIE ABOUT THE RESURRECTION OF A NEANDERTHAL Q - WHAT IS ICEMAN? A - HORROR-FILLED JOHN CARPENTER REMAKE SET IN A FROZEN WASTELAND Q - WHAT IS THE THING? A - IN A DISNEY CARTOON, SHE FALLS UNDER THE EVIL SPELL OF QUEEN MALIFICENT Q - WHO IS SNOW WHITE? A - ROCK HUDSON CAPTAINS A NUCLEAR SUB TRYING TO REACH THIS ARCTIC BASE BEFORE THE RUSSIANS Q - WHAT IS ICE STATION ZEBRA? A - THIS ADAPTATION OF A EUGENE O'NEILL PLAY IS SET IN A 1912 SALOON Q - WHAT IS THE ICEMAN COMETH? Category: TAKE A CHANCE A - GLAMOROUS EUROPEAN CASINO RESORT LOCATED IN MONACO Q - WHAT IS MONTE CARLO? A - ITS NAME IS DERIVED FROM THE FRENCH WORD FOR *WHEEL* Q - WHAT IS ROULETTE? A - POKER HAND OF ANY FIVE CARDS OF THE SAME SUIT Q - WHAT IS A FLUSH? A - GAMBLERS SKY MASTERSON & NATHAN DETROIT WERE IN THIS MUSICAL BASED ON A DAMON RUNYON STORY Q - WHAT IS GUYS & DOLLS? A - CARD GAME WHERE YOU TRY TO *SHOOT THE MOON* Q - WHAT IS HEARTS? -------- GROUP 48 -------- Category: WORLD WARS A - SLANG NAME FOR AMERICAN FOOT SOLDIERS IN EUROPE DURING WORLD WAR I Q - WHAT ARE DOUGHBOYS? A - THIS REICH MARSHALL WAS SECOND IN COMMAND TO HITLER Q - WHO IS GOERING? A - THE JAPANESE LOST THEIR PACIFIC ADVANTAGE AFTER THE BATTLE FOR THIS ISLAND Q - WHAT IS MIDWAY? A - THE TURKISH SITE OF THE FEBRUARY, 1945 MEETING OF F.D.R. CHUCHILL & STALIN Q - WHAT IS YALTA? A - GERMANY CEDED WEST PERSIA TO POLAND, ALSACE LORRAINE TO FRANCE IN THIS WORLD WAR I TREATY Q - WHAT IS THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES? Category: TREES A - A BRANCH FROM IT IS A TRADITIONAL SYMBOL OF PEACE Q - WHAT IS THE OLIVE TREE? A - LONGFELLOW'S VILLAGE SMITHY STOOD UNDER ITS SPREADING BRANCHES Q - WHAT IS A CHESTNUT TREE? A - TREE ON WHICH *ALLIGATOR PEARS* ARE GROWN Q - WHAT IS AN AVOCADO? A - ITS BERRIES ARE USED IN MAKING GIN Q - WHAT IS THE JUNIPER? A - MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL BATS ARE MADE FROM THE LIGHT WOOD OF THESE TREES Q - WHAT IS THE ASH? Category: WOMEN IN SPORTS A - LIKE HER LATE SINGER HUSBAND, SHE NOW HOSTS HER OWN GOLF TOURNAMENT Q - WHO IS KATHRYN CROSBY? A - IN DALLAS THEY'RE *COWGIRLS*, IN ANAHEIM *EMBRACEABLE EWES* Q - WHAT ARE CHEERLEADERS? A - THE THEME FROM *THE YOUNG & THE RESTLESS* WAS RENAMED FOR THIS OLYMPIC GYMNAST Q - WHO IS NADIA COMANECI? A - PIONEER WOMAN JOCKEY MARRIED TO FRED ASTAIRE Q - WHO IS ROBYN SMITH? A - SHIRLEY MULDOWNEY WENT TO TOP OF THIS MALE-DOMINATED SPORT Q - WHAT IS DRAG-RACING? Category: WRITERS A - HE WROTE *LADY WINDERMERE'S FAN* & *THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST* Q - WHO IS OSCAR WILDE? A - HIS NOVELS INCLUDE *THE COLLECTOR* & *THE FRENCH LIEUTENANT'S WOMAN* Q - WHO IS JOHN FOWLES? A - BEST KNOWN FOR *THE DECLINE & FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE* Q - WHO IS EDWARD GIBBON? A - HE CREATED PRIVATE DETECTIVE PHILIP MARLOWE Q - WHO IS RAYMOND CHANDLER? A - HER RECENT BEST-SELLERS ARE *SALVADOR* & *DEMOCRACY* Q - WHO IS JOAN DIDION? Category: STARTS WITH C A - SONNY & CHER NAMED THEIR DAUGHTER AFTER THIS VIRTUE Q - WHAT IS CHASTITY? A - THIS CHESS TERM IS PERSIAN FOR *THE KING IS DEAD* Q - WHAT IS CHECKMATE? A - IN SPANISH IT'S *CUCARACHA* Q - WHAT IS A COCKROACH? A - IN MYSTERY BOOKS, IT HAS THE TELLTALE ODOR OF BITTER ALMONDS Q - WHAT IS CYANIDE? A - FROM THE LATIN, LITERALLY, *A HORN OF PLENTY* Q - WHAT IS A CORNUCOPIA? Category: YOU'VE BEEN WARNED A - MATCHBOOKS WARN TO DO THIS BEFORE STRIKING Q - WHAT IS CLOSE COVER? A - HE WAS TOLD TO BEWARE THE IDES OF MARCH Q - WHO IS JULIUS CAESAR? A - CONGREVE WROTE THAT *HELL HAS NO FURY LIKE THIS* Q - WHAT IS A WOMAN SCORNED? A - A SOVIET HOLIDAY OR A CALL OF *DISTRESS* Q - WHAT IS MAY DAY? A - CHARLTON HESTON FOUGHT A TERRORIST IN THE L.A. COLISEUM IN THIS FILM Q - WHAT IS TWO MINUTE WARNING? -------- GROUP 49 -------- Category: THE FIFTIES A - COUNTRY WHERE ARMISTACE WAS SIGNED ON JULY 27, 1953 Q - WHAT IS KOREA? A - IN 1954, THE FIRST OF ITS KIND, *NAUTILUS*, WAS LAUNCHED Q - WHAT IS AN ATOMIC SUBMARINE? A - 1956 REVOLT IN THIS COUNTRY CAUSED RUSSIANS TO INVADE WITH TANKS AND TROOPS Q - WHAT IS HUNGARY? A - BRITISH & FRENCH COMMANDO UNITS INVADED EGYPT & TOOK CONTROL OF THIS WATERWAY Q - WHAT IS THE SUEZ CANAL? A - BEFORE THIS DR. DIED IN '56, HIS WIFE REMARKED, *I HARDLY SEE HIM AT NIGHT SINCE HE TOOK UP SEX* Q - WHO IS DR. KINSEY? Category: WORDS A - THE ENGLISH SPELL IT GAOL Q - WHAT IS JAIL? A - AN ARCTIC COMMAND, SLOPPY SENTIMENT OR CORNMEAL & WATER BREAKFAST Q - WHAT IS MUSH? A - PIECE OF FURNITURE NAMED FROM ARABIC FOR *RAISED & RICHLY CARPETED BENCH* Q - WHAT IS SOFA? A - GREEK WORD FOR ANY BIG CITY, IT MEANS *MOTHER CITY* Q - WHAT IS A METROPOLIS? A - PRACTICE OF GIVING ONE-TENTH OF ONE'S INCOME TO THE CHURCH Q - WHAT IS TITHING? Category: NEWSMEN A - CBS ANCHORMAN WHO TOLD US *AND THAT'S THE WAY IT IS* Q - WHO IS WALTER CRONKITE? A - ONE OF HIS LATEST BOOKS IS AN *EXPOSE* OF JOHN BELUSHI Q - WHO IS BOB WOODWARD? A - PUBLISHER WHOSE GRANDDAUGHTER BECAME *CLOSET ADMIRER* OF S.L.A. Q - WHO IS WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST? A - HE WOULD END HIS NEWS REPORTS BY SAYING *GOODNIGHT, CHET* Q - WHO IS DAVID BRINKLEY? A - RADIO NEWSMAN WHO NARRATED THE T.V. SHOW *THE UNTOUCHABLES* Q - WHO IS WALTER WINCHELL? Category: ANATOMY A - THE MUSCLE MOST FLEXED WHEN SHOWING OFF Q - WHAT IS THE BICEP? A - TWIN ORGANS THAT HAVE A LEGUME NAMED AFTER THEM Q - WHAT ARE KIDNEYS? A - REACTION CAUSED BY SWELLING OF FACIAL BLOOD VESSELS Q - WHAT IS BLUSHING? A - YOUNG ADULTS AVERAGE 295 PER PAPILLA, THE ELDERLY, 88 Q - WHAT ARE TASTE BUDS? A - WHERE OUR STRONGEST MUSCLES ARE LOCATED Q - WHAT IS THE JAW? Category: SHOE BUSINESS A - WIMBLEDON TOURNAMENT FOOTWEAR Q - WHAT ARE TENNIS SHOES? A - THE *GOOD FOR NOTHING* SHOES YOU CAN STICK A PENNY IN Q - WHAT ARE LOAFERS? A - THEY HELP YOU *ZIG AND ZAG* OVER A MUDDY BALLFIELD Q - WHAT ARE CLEATS? A - WOODEN DEVICE FOR KEEPING A SHOE'S SHAPE Q - WHAT IS A SHOE TREE? A - TOE *CAP* WITH POINT EXTENDING BACK AND SIDES CURVING DOWN Q - WHAT IS A WING TIP? Category: LONG LOVELY LADIES A - SHE KEPT L'IL ABNER RUNNING ON SADIE HAWKINS DAY Q - WHO IS DAISY MAE? A - 6-FOOT *FRENCH* CHEF WITH A YOUNG-SOUNDING NAME Q - WHO IS JULIA CHILD? A - SHE CARRIES A *TORCH* FOR THE *HUDDLED MASSES* Q - WHAT IS THE STATUE OF LIBERTY? A - STATUESQUE BLOND WHO LEFT A *ROCKY* ROMANCE FOR A LITTLE *MOORE* LOVE Q - WHO IS SUSAN ANTON? A - 5'2 SISSY SPACEK STRETCHED TO WIN HER OSCAR AS THIS 5'10 *COAL MINER'S DAUGHTER* Q - WHO IS LORETTA LYNN? -------- GROUP 50 -------- Category: EXPLORERS A - HE BROUGHT BACK GOLD USED IN THE CATHEDRAL OF TOLEDO, SPAIN, BUILT IN 1493 Q - WHO IS COLUMBUS? A - SAVED BY POCAHONTAS, HE EXPLORED & NAMED NEW ENGLAND IN 1614 Q - WHO IS JOHN SMITH? A - HE DISCOVERED THE ZAMBEZI RIVER, STANLEY DISCOVERED HIM Q - WHO IS DR. LIVINGSTONE? A - THEY CALLED THEIR SETTLEMENTS IN THE WEST, HELLULAND, MARKLAND, & VINLAND Q - WHO ARE THE NORSEMEN? A - EXPLORER WHO TRANSLATED *ARABIAN NIGHTS* & *KAMA SUTRA*, HIS NAME'S THE SAME AS ENGLISH ACTOR Q - WHO IS RICHARD BURTON? Category: ALL NUMBERS A - THE NUMBER OF SQUARES ON A CHECKER BOARD Q - WHAT IS 64? A - IN THE OLD PIRATE SONG, NUMBER OF *MEN ON A DEAD MAN'S CHEST* Q - WHAT IS 16? A - ACCORDING TO '60'S SAYING, AGE OVER WHICH WE SHOULDN'T BE TRUSTED Q - WHAT IS 30? A - THERE ARE THIS MANY PINTS IN A GALLON Q - WHAT IS 8? A - WEIGHT IN POUNDS OF SAND-COVERED VICTIM IN CHARLES ATLAS' ADS Q - WHAT IS 98? Category: HOLLYWOOD A - THIS FILM AWARD IS GIVEN BY THE HOLLYWOOD FOREIGN PRESS ASSOCIATION Q - WHAT IS THE GOLDEN GLOBE? A - THE STUDIO THAT INTRODUCED SOUND IN *THE JAZZ SINGER* Q - WHAT IS WARNER BROTHERS? A - CAGNEY PLAYED THIS MASTER OF MAKE-UP IN *MAN OF A THOUSAND FACES* Q - WHO IS LON CHANEY? A - KNOWN FOR LATER SPECTACULARS, HE DIRECTED *THE SQUAW MAN*, HOLLYWOOD'S FIRST MAJOR FILM Q - WHO IS CECIL B. DE MILLE? A - THIS BLACKLISTED WRITER WON AN OSCAR FOR *THE BRAVE ONE* AS *ROBERT RICH* Q - WHO IS DALTON TRUMBO? Category: DESERTS A - COVERING 3 MILLION SQUARE MILES, IT'S THE LARGEST DESERT IN THE WORLD Q - WHAT IS THE SAHARA? A - ACTUALLY CAUSED BY LAYERS OF HOT AIR REFRACTING SUNLIGHT Q - WHAT IS A MIRAGE? A - IF CAUGHT IN ONE, IT'S BEST TO HAVE YOUR CAMEL LIE DOWN & CROUCH BEHIND HIM Q - WHAT IS A SANDSTORM? A - RESULTING FROM UNDERGROUND STREAMS, SOME SUPPORT AS MANY AS 2 MILLION PEOPLE Q - WHAT IS AN OASIS? A - ARMIES OF GENGHIS & KUBLA KHAN ROAMED THIS VAST DESERT Q - WHAT IS THE GOBI? Category: CARD GAMES A - GAME IN WHICH AN ACE & ANY 10-POINT CARD MAKE A *NATURAL* Q - WHAT IS BLACKJACK? A - IN BRIDGE, THE BID WHICH DOESN'T NAME A SUIT Q - WHAT IS NO-TRUMP? A - IN CARDS, IT'S THE CONTRIBUTION TO THE POT BEFORE THE DEAL Q - WHAT IS THE ANTE? A - NAME OF THIS CARD SUIT IS MISTRANSLATION OF SPANISH WORD FOR SWORDS Q - WHAT IS SPADES? A - IN CASINO, IT'S THE *BIG CASINO* CARD Q - WHAT IS THE TEN OF DIAMONDS? Category: BEAUTY SHOP A - FOUND ON A WOMAN'S HEAD OR A SMALL HORSE'S BEHIND Q - WHAT IS A PONYTAIL? A - BLUSH FOR THE CHEEKS, IN FRENCH IT MEANS *RED* Q - WHAT IS ROUGE? A - THIS BILLION-DOLLAR COSMETICS FIRM SELLS DOOR TO DOOR Q - WHAT IS AVON? A - '20'S GIRLS HAD THIS DONE TO THEIR HAIR AT A MEN'S BARBER SHOP Q - WHAT IS BOBBING? A - COSMETIC SAFETY IS REGULATED BY THIS FEDERAL AGENCY Q - WHAT IS THE F.D.A.? =============================================================================== -----------------------------FINAL JEOPARDY QUESTIONS-------------------------- =============================================================================== Category: AMERICAN LITERATURE A - THIS FAMOUS NEW HAMPSHIRE RESIDENT RECITED HIS POEM *THE GIFT OUTRIGHT* AT JFK'S INAUGURATION Q - WHO IS ROBERT FROST? Category: AMERICAN POLITICS A - ON AUGUST 24, 1954, THIS POLITICAL PARTY WAS OUTLAWED IN THE U.S. Q - WHAT IS THE COMMUNIST PARTY? Category: AMERICAN STATESMEN A - HIS FACE IS PICTURED ON THE NICKEL AND THE TWO-DOLLAR BILL Q - WHO IS THOMAS JEFFERSON? Category: BODIES OF WATER A - SO NAMED BY MAGELLAN BECAUSE OF ITS *TRANQUIL* AND *PEACEABLE* LOOK AFTER HIS STORMY PASSAGE Q - WHAT IS THE PACIFIC OCEAN? Category: BUSINESS & INDUSTRY A - IT WAS ORGANIZED ON WALL STREET IN 1792 Q - WHAT IS THE N.Y. STOCK EXCHANGE? Category: CEREMONIES A - JANUARY 20TH IN THE YEAR FOLLOWING A YEAR WHICH IS DIVISIBLE BY FOUR Q - WHAT IS INAUGURATION DAY? Category: FAMOUS LOVERS A - WHEN HE MARRIED CLEOPATRA IN 36 B.C., IT WAS THE THIRD WEDDING FOR EACH OF THEM Q - WHO IS MARC ANTONY? Category: FRENCH HISTORY A - IT HAD ONLY 7 INMATES WHEN STORMED ON JULY 14, 1789 Q - WHAT IS THE BASTILLE? Category: HOLLYWOOD HISTORY A - THE FILM CORPORATION FOUNDED BY CHAPLIN, PICKFORD, FAIRBANKS AND D.W. GRIFFITH Q - WHAT IS UNITED ARTISTS? Category: LANDMARKS A - THIS FORMER BRITISH LANDMARK NOW STANDS IN LAKE HAVASU, ARIZONA Q - WHAT IS LONDON BRIDGE? Category: MEN OF SCIENCE A - BEST KNOWN FOR ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES & EARLY USE OF TELESCOPE, HE INVENTED THE THERMOMETER IN 1563 Q - WHO IS GALILEO GALILEI? Category: SEVEN SEAS A - THE SEA ENCLOSED BY DENMARK, FINLAND, SWEDEN AND THE U.S.S.R Q - WHAT IS THE BALTIC SEA? Category: THE SEVEN SEAS A - THIS INLAND SEA MARKS THE LOWEST POINT ON THE EARTH'S SURFACE Q - WHAT IS THE DEAD SEA? Category: THE ZODIAC A - ZODIAC SIGN UNDER WHICH U.S.A. CELEBRATES ITS BIRTHDAY Q - WHAT IS CANCER? Category: U.S. CITIES A - CANAL STREET, BASIN STREET & THE FRENCH QUARTER ARE LOCATED HERE Q - WHAT IS NEW ORLEANS? Category: WEIGHTS & MEASURES A - SYSTEM FIRST ADOPTED BY FRANCE IN 1799 & NOW USED BY MOST COUNTRIES Q - WHAT IS THE METRIC SYSTEM? Category: WOMEN IN HISTORY A - BURNT AT THE STAKE AS A SORCERESS, SHE WAS LATER DECLARED INNOCENT AND IN 1920, MADE A SAINT Q - WHO IS JOAN OF ARC? ############################################################################### (E) EXPERIMENTAL ############################################################################### For a little while now I've had a paypal link in all my FAQs at the very bottom here. Mainly as a small experiment since a few other FAQ authors have also had the same idea. I had a few people email me before I put this link in because they wanted to send money, so it's here for those people. For the record I've received about $87 (which works out to a bit more in Canadian lol) last I checked, so I've been getting cases of pop and making some excellent progress on a few FAQs. If you don't want to send money or can't then send me an email, it's nice to hear what people thought about my work and there's always room for improvement. My email address is fecalord (AT) gmail (DOT) com, and the paypal address is listed below. For those that want to contribute, you can use paypal at the following address: fecalord2002 (AT) yahoo (DOT) ca Many thanks, and I hope you continue to use my work! ~Dan

i don't know

Who wrote the story upon which Alfred Hitchcock based his 1963 suspense film The Birds?

Did you know? Did you know? More boys than girls are born during the day; more girls are born at night. Most alcoholic beverages contain all 13 minerals necessary to sustain life. Reindeer milk has more fat than cow milk. To sell your home faster and for more money, paint it yellow. Daphne du Maurier, best known for Rebecca, wrote the story upon which Alfred Hitchcock based his 1963 suspense film The Birds. Scarlett O�Hara�s real first name was Katie                            . Actor Sylvester Stallone once had a job as a lion cage cleaner. The average house cat spends approximately 10,950 hours purring in a lifetime. The word �queue� is the only word in English that is pronounced the same way when the last four letters are removed. Thirty-five percent of the people who use personal ads for dating are already married. If a frog�s mouth is held open too long the frog will suffocate. In Disney�s fantasia, the Sorcerer name is Yensid which is Disney spelled backwards. Tablecloths meant to be served as towels with which dinner guests could wipe their hands and faces after eating. When glass breaks, the cracks move faster than 3,000 miles per hour. To photograph the event, a camera must shoot at a millionth of a second. Before settling on the name of Tiny Tim for his character in �A Christmas Carol,� three other alliterative names were considered by Charles Dickens. They were Little Larry, Puny Pete, and Small Sam. Around 1900, the Addis Brush Company started producing the first artificial Christmas tree. It was made from the same material that they used for their toilet brushes. Hallmark introduced its first Christmas cards in 1915, five years after the founding of the company.     Sources: funfunnyfacts.com, trivia country.com, alltrivia.net. qsl.net, strangefacts.com, funtrivia.com, corsinet.com.    December 6, 2013

daphne du maurier best known for rebecca

Who was British Prime Minister when World War II broke out?

Did you know? Did you know? More boys than girls are born during the day; more girls are born at night. Most alcoholic beverages contain all 13 minerals necessary to sustain life. Reindeer milk has more fat than cow milk. To sell your home faster and for more money, paint it yellow. Daphne du Maurier, best known for Rebecca, wrote the story upon which Alfred Hitchcock based his 1963 suspense film The Birds. Scarlett O�Hara�s real first name was Katie                            . Actor Sylvester Stallone once had a job as a lion cage cleaner. The average house cat spends approximately 10,950 hours purring in a lifetime. The word �queue� is the only word in English that is pronounced the same way when the last four letters are removed. Thirty-five percent of the people who use personal ads for dating are already married. If a frog�s mouth is held open too long the frog will suffocate. In Disney�s fantasia, the Sorcerer name is Yensid which is Disney spelled backwards. Tablecloths meant to be served as towels with which dinner guests could wipe their hands and faces after eating. When glass breaks, the cracks move faster than 3,000 miles per hour. To photograph the event, a camera must shoot at a millionth of a second. Before settling on the name of Tiny Tim for his character in �A Christmas Carol,� three other alliterative names were considered by Charles Dickens. They were Little Larry, Puny Pete, and Small Sam. Around 1900, the Addis Brush Company started producing the first artificial Christmas tree. It was made from the same material that they used for their toilet brushes. Hallmark introduced its first Christmas cards in 1915, five years after the founding of the company.     Sources: funfunnyfacts.com, trivia country.com, alltrivia.net. qsl.net, strangefacts.com, funtrivia.com, corsinet.com.    December 6, 2013

i don't know

How was Oflag IVC prison camp better known?

Oflag IVC | Colditz Castle Tours Colditz Castle Tours “The whole story of Colditz will, no doubt, one day be told, and it will make an enthralling story; but it must be written by one of the men who was there.” ‘Escape and Liberation, 1940-1945′ by A.J.Evans. These words, by the author of ‘The Escape Club’, one of the greatest escape books of the First World War and one which inspired Pat Reid, British Escape Officer at Colditz from 1940-1942, to ultimately make a ‘Home Run’ succinctly describe our own personal views of the ‘Colditz Story’. Therefore when we re-tell the story of Colditz we use primary source information from both the POW and German perspectives. We would encourage anyone who is inspired by this website to read all the relevant books and do what they can to keep the memory of these men, of all nationalities, on whatever ’side’ to live on through generations to come. To this end we have constructed a suggested reading list for Colditz books which name some of the lesser known works on Colditz which are a must read. During WW2 the Castle was located in the very centre of a Greater Nazi Germany, ideally located for a PoW Camp far from any neutral frontiers. In the Cold War it was located in the East of what was the DDR, or East Germany. Today it lies on the eastern borders of a once again unified Germany. For many years the castle fell into disrepair but recent investments have seen great changes, some good, some maybe not so. It is a constant battle to preserve WW2 areas but what one cannot deny is the sense of atmosphere that penetrates the thick mediaeval walls and transports you back in time to ‘daring tales of do’. There is only one way to ‘keep the spirit’ of Colditz alive…. that is by going.  We visit Colditz more than anyone else and have guided more guests than anyone else. To this end we share our expertise and exceptional local knowledge gained from many years of experience with you and bring out the very best in local German hospitality to make your “Escape to  Colditz” a once in a lifetime experience.

Colditz

Who succeeded Theodore Roosevelt as President?

Oflag IV-C | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia 1945: On 19 January six French Generals — Lieutenant-General Jean Adolphe Louis Robert Flavigny , Major-General Louis Léon Marie André Buisson , Major-General Arsène Marie Paul Vauthier , Brigadier-General Albert Joseph Daine , and Brigadier-General René Jacques Mortemart de Boisse — were brought from the camp at Königstein to Colditz Castle. Major-General Gustave Marie Maurice Mesny was killed on the way from Königstein to Colditz Castle. On 5 February, Polish General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski , deputy commander of the Armia Krajowa (Home Army) and responsible for the Warsaw Uprising , arrived with his entourage. In March, 1200 French prisoners were brought to Colditz Castle, with 600 more being imprisoned in the town below. 16 April, Oflag IV C was captured by American soldiers from 1st US Army. [6] The "Prominente" and notable inmates Edit Among the more famous inmates were British fighter ace Douglas Bader ; Pat Reid , the man who made Colditz famous with his post war books; Airey Neave , the first British officer to escape from Colditz and later a British Member of Parliament; New Zealand Army Captain Charles Upham , the only combat soldier ever to receive the Victoria Cross twice; and Sir David Stirling , founder of the wartime Special Air Service . [1] There were also prisoners called Prominente (German for 'celebrities'), relatives of Allied VIPs. The first one was Giles Romilly , a civilian journalist who was captured in Narvik, Norway who also happened to be a nephew of Winston Churchill 's wife. Adolf Hitler himself specified that Romilly was to be treated with the utmost care and that: The Kommandant and Security Officer answer for Romilly's security with their heads. His security is to be assured by any and every exceptional measure you care to take. When the end of the war approached, the number of Prominente increased. Eventually there were Viscount George Lascelles and John Alexander Elphinstone, 17th Lord Elphinstone , nephews of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth; Captain George Haig , son of WWI field marshal Douglas Haig ; Charles Hope , son of Victor Hope , the Viceroy of India; Lieutenant John Winant Jr. , son of John Gilbert Winant , US ambassador to Britain ; Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski , commander of Armia Krajowa and the Warsaw Uprising ; and five other Polish generals. [7] British Commando Michael Alexander claimed to be a nephew of field marshal Harold Alexander in order to escape execution, but was merely a distant cousin. [1] Micky Burn , another famous inmate of Colditz, was a British commando captured at Saint-Nazaire . Burn had been a journalist like Romilly before the war, working for The Times. Burn had briefly been an admirer of the Nazi Party and in 1936 had met Adolf Hitler, who signed his copy of Mein Kampf. After the war broke out Burn politically shifted to Marxism and gave lectures to prisoners at Colditz, but due to his pre-war interest in Nazi philosophy he was widely regarded with distrust and scorn. John Arundell, 16th Baron Arundell of Wardour (1907–1944) was an aristocrat held at Colditz who, despite his pedigree, was not awarded Prominente status. Arundell made a habit of exercising in the winter snow; he contracted tuberculosis and died in Chester Military Hospital. Another officer, not listed as Prominente, but who became famous after the end of the war was French theologian Yves Congar . Because of his numerous escape attempts, he was placed at Colditz for safe keeping. [8] At 1:30 a.m. on 13 April 1945, while the battles approached the area, the Prominente were moved under guard and the cover of darkness. The Allies and prisoners became especially concerned that the Prominente might be used as hostages, bargaining chips, human shields , or that the SS might try to kill them out of spite; they prepared for resistance and, if possible, to take over the castle. The Germans moved all the Prominente out of the castle, over the protestations of the other prisoners. When U.S. troops reached the area, the prisoners convinced the leader of their guards, Obergruppenführer Gottlob Berger , to surrender in secret in order to save him from the revenge of the SS. With his aid they reached American lines a couple of weeks later. He would later receive a lessened sentence after his hearing in 1949 because of his actions regarding the Prominente. New Zealander Charles Upham VC and Bar was held captive at Olflag IVC from 14 October 1944 until Colditz was liberated in 1945. This unassuming colonial soldier was the only soldier to receive the bar to the Victoria Cross in active combat up to that time. The German staff and visitors Edit A group of the French orderlies from Colditz Castle poses for a picture in the inner courtyard. Keeping the castle running in a secure and efficient manner was a difficult task, and the Germans maintained a larger garrison at the castle than at many of their other prison camps. Between the years 1939 and 1945 more than 70 German officers and enlisted men worked in a wide variety of staff positions, as well as overseeing prisoners' labour. [1] There was also a large contingent of civilians and local townspeople who worked on the castle grounds. Some were in maintenance, some in medical roles, some were there in a supervisory role ( Nazi Party leaders, Swiss Red Cross observers, etc.). Some family members of the German military officers lived at the camp. [1] Security Officers Edit Captain Paul Priem was the first Security Officer. Pat Reid described him as, "the only German with a sense of humour". Captain Reinhold Eggers was Security Officer from November 1940 until April 1945, promoted to chief of security in 1944. He was also the only English-speaker among the Germans at Colditz, thus was involved in every interaction with the prisoners or between the Senior Officers and the Kommandant serving as translator. [9] Dutchman Lieutenant Damiaen J. van Doorninck said of him, "This man was our opponent, but nevertheless he earned our respect by his correct attitude, self-control and total lack of rancour despite all the harassment we gave him." Kommandants Oberst Schmidt 1939 – August 1941 Oberst Glaesche 1 August 1942 – 13 February 1943 Oberst Prawitt 14 February 1943 – 15 April 1945 [10] Life in the camp Edit In Colditz, the Wehrmacht followed the Geneva Convention . [11] Would-be escapees were punished with solitary confinement, instead of being summarily executed. In principle, the security officers recognized that it was the duty of the POWs to try to escape and that their own job was to stop them. Prisoners could even form gentlemen's agreements with the guards, such as not using borrowed tools for escape attempts. Most of the guard company was composed of WWI veterans and young soldiers not fit for the front. Because Colditz was a high security camp, the Germans organized three and then later four Appells ( roll calls ) a day to count the prisoners. If they discovered someone had escaped, they alerted every police and train station within a Script error radius, and many local members of the Hitler Youth would help to recapture any escapees. Because of the number of Red Cross food parcels, prisoners sometimes ate better than their guards, who had to rely on Wehrmacht rations. Prisoners could use their relative luxuries for trade and, for example, exchange their cigarettes for Reichsmark that they hoped could later use in their escape attempts. Occasionally this turned to be a mistake as several of the bills they received were of the earlier Papiermark varieties that were no longer considered valid. There were also other currencies in circulation, including the Registermark , utilized for travelling and investments in Germany; the Reisemark , for tourists; the Kreditsperrmark , for sales of property belonging to foreigners; the Effektensperrmark , arising from the sale of securities in Germany; the Reichskreditkassenschein in occupied territories; and the Behelfszahlungsmittel (Auxiliary Payment Certificates) for the German Armed Forces. The Kreditsperrmark and Effektensperrmark were consolidated into the Handelsperrmark in 1939. Because of the massive variety of currency types and uses, in several escape attempts, escapees with one of these various currencies printed before 1939 were told their money was no good — leaving them moneyless and easier to recapture. Prisoners had to make their own entertainment. In August 1941 the first camp Olympics were organized by the Polish prisoners. Events were held in football (soccer), volleyball, boxing, and chess, but the closing ceremony was interrupted by a German fire drill. "The British came in last place in every event cheerfully, to the dismay of the other participants who took the competition deadly seriously," according to the British inmate John Wilkens in a 1986 interview. Prisoners also formed a Polish choir, a Dutch Hawaiian guitar band, and a French orchestra . [1] The British put on homemade revues, classical plays and farces including: Gaslight , Rope, The Man Who Came to Dinner , Pygmalion, and The Importance of Being Earnest . Several prisoners intentionally grew their hair long so as better to portray female roles. Prisoner Jock Hamilton-Baillie used to shave his legs, rub them in brown shoe polish, and draw a line down the back of his legs in pencil to simulate the appearance of silk stockings. This allowed him special "bath privileges" in the German guards washroom, since the prisoners' showers were unable to get the polish off his legs. Staging these plays even gained the prisoners access to "parole tools", tools which were used to build the sets and promised not to be used to escape. During the summer months, the theatre's peak periods, there were new productions every two weeks. The biggest success of the theatre however would be the Christmas themed Ballet Nonsense which premiered on November 16, 1941 and ran until the November 18, 1941 show which Hauptmann Priem (the first prison warden of Colditz) attended. [1] Another pastime which occupied much of the prisoners' time was the production of moonshine alcohol. Initially started by the Polish contingent using a recipe of yeast, water, German jam and sugar from their Red Cross parcels , and then taken up by other prisoners, it did not take long for stills to be secreted all across Colditz (one of which remained undiscovered until a tourist trip in 1984). Prisoner Michael Farr, whose family ran Hawker's Gin (the sole purveyors of Sloe gin with a Royal Warrant), managed to make a sparkling wine dubbed "Château Colditz". Some prisoners would get black teeth or even temporary blindness from consuming this beverage — a condition known as "jam-happy" — as it contained many impurities. Although the German guards despised the drunken prisoners, they generally turned a blind eye to the distilling. Officers also studied languages, learning from each other, and told stories. Most popular of these stories were the embellished retelling of BBC broadcasts by Jim Rogers. Since mail was regularly screened by censors, and the German newspapers received by prisoners contained much Nazi propaganda, the only reliable information prisoners could obtain on the progress of the war in Europe was through BBC broadcasts received via one of two radios which were secreted in the castle. These radios were smuggled in by French prisoner Frédérick Guigues and named "Arthur 1" and "Arthur 2". The first radio was quickly discovered because of a mole , but the second would remain secreted until Guigues returned and removed it during a tour of the castle in 1965. The prisoners' "Radio Laboratory" would not be permanently exposed until 1992 during repairs to the roof. [2] Later the most popular way to pass the time was stoolball, a particularly rough version of rugby, where there were two stools at either end of the prisoners' courtyard and goals were scored by touching the opponent's stool with the ball. This game served as an outlet for pent-up aggression, and also provided noise to cover the sounds of tunnel-digging. [1] In addition to escape attempts, prisoners also tried to make the life of their guards more miserable by resorting to "goon-baiting", making nuisances of themselves by harassing the guards. For example, they would drop water bombs on the guards. Douglas Bader encouraged his junior officers to do the same. British Flight Lieutenant Pete Tunstall especially tried to cause havoc by disturbing the roll call even if nobody was trying to escape, so that the guards would not become suspicious when somebody was. He went through a total of five courts-martial and suffered a total of 415 days in solitary confinement. Escape attempts Edit Oflag IV-C has been the inspiration for both television and film because of the widely popular retellings by Pat Reid and Airey Neave. This started as early as 1955 with the release of The Colditz Story , followed by The Birdmen in 1971, continuing until 2005 with the Colditz mini-series. The escape stories of Colditz Castle have inspired several board and video games, such as Escape from Colditz and Commandos . In contrast, the existence of Colditz is virtually unknown in Germany today. Eggers wrote a book based on his experiences of the German side of events. [3] Cinema Edit The Colditz Story (1955) was a dramatic film re-enactment of life in the camp during WWII, based entirely on the books of Pat Reid , directed by Guy Hamilton for a British Academy of Film and Television Arts Award in 1956. It has been called an "Outstanding factual World War Two drama about Allied POW's held in Germany's most secure wartime prison." [4] Television and TV movies Edit Escape of the Birdmen (1971) was a television movie loosely based on Pat Reid's book. This movie is of note in that it is the first movie based on Pat Reid's books to reference the Colditz glider, devised and built by Bill Goldfinch with Jack Best his partner in the construction. Colditz (1972–1974) was a dramatic television series aired on BBC1 television. It ran for a total of 28 episodes across two seasons, progressing in time from the opening of the camp until its liberation in 1945. The first three episodes of the series acted as an introduction to the plot of the show and introduced the viewers to the three central characters by following the events that led up to their arrival at the camp. The series was a joint production between the BBC and Universal TV (an American company), but for reasons unknown, it never aired in the United States. Episodes 24 "A Very Important Person" and 25 "Chameleon" did however air in the US as a two hour TV movie entitled Escape From Colditz, in 1974. A review of the film was printed in the newspaper The News Of The World , which praised it saying: "It has all the realism, dignity and courage of the men it commemorates." Its more notable actors include Jack Hedley as Lieutenant Colonel John Preston from 1972–74, Edward Hardwicke as Captain Pat Grant from 1972–73, Robert Wagner as Major Phil Carrington from 1972–74, David McCallum as Flight Lieutenant Simon Carter from 1972–74, and Dan O'Herlihy as Lieutenant Colonel Max Dodd in 1974. Escape from Colditz (2001) is a British television movie. Colditz (2005) was a mini-series on ITV1 , based on Henry Chancellor's book Colditz: The Definitive History, directed by Stuart Orme . [5] This tale is much more fictional than its predecessors, with fictional characters and situations that are merely based on real people and events. [6] It features Jason Priestley ( Beverly Hills, 90210 ) as Rhett Barker, James Fox as Lt. Col. Jimmy Fordham, Damian Lewis (Band of Brothers) as Lt. Nicholas McGrade, Tom Hardy (Black Hawk Down) as Lt. Jack Rose, Sophia Myles ( Thunderbirds ) as Lizzie Carter, Guy Henry as Capt. Sawyer and Timothy West as Warren. Fiction Prisoner of War (video game) has two levels set in Colditz. Commandos 2: Men of Courage — the mission, Castle Colditz, is based on the same castle and involves assisting the escape of all allied prisoners in the castle. Music Melbourne band "Colditz Glider" is named after the construction of a glider to escape Oflag IV-C . The group draws parallels between the prisoners drawn together to escape and the band creating music to escape. Other media The Doctor Who audio play Colditz by Big Finish is based in Colditz, with the Seventh Doctor 's companion Ace mentioning several well known names and escape attempts. See also

i don't know

To whom did the Bee Gees pay tribute in Tapestry Revisited?

Tapestry Revisited - A Tribute To Carole King: Various artists: Amazon.co.uk: MP3 Downloads TITLE added to MP3 Basket Tapestry Revisited - A Tribute To Carole King MP3 Download, 14 Jul 2009 "Please retry" Your Amazon Music account is currently associated with a different marketplace. To enjoy Prime Music, go to Your Music Library and transfer your account to Amazon.co.uk (UK). Fix in Music Library Sold by Amazon Media EU S.à r.l.. By placing your order, you agree to our Terms of Use . Popular Albums Original Release Date: 14 July 2009 Release Date: 14 July 2009 Label: Rhino Atlantic Record Company Required Metadata: Music file metadata contains unique purchase identifier. Learn more . Total Length: 50:43 By Amanda Richards VINE VOICE on 10 Mar. 2006 Format: Audio CD One of the best albums of the '70s, redone by some of the best talents in the business. It's pretty darn hard to improve on a classic, but Rod Stewart, Aretha Franklin, Amy Grant, Richard Marx, Celine Dion, the Bee Gees and Bebe and Cece Winans, among others certainly give it their best shot. Rod Stewart singing "So Far Away" is a classic by itself, but also look for Richard Marx' version of "Beautiful"; Bebe and Cece Winans (with Aretha Franklin) putting a world of soul into "You've Got A Friend"; Faith Hill's "Where You Lead" and the Bee Gees' "Will You Love Me Tomorrow?". The Manhattan Transfer also perform a great "Smackwater Jack". Not quite the original, but a very reasonable facsimile thereof

Carole King

Who was born first, James Caan or Michael Douglas?

Bee Gees Frequently Asked Questions            From: [email protected] (David Garcia) Newsgroups: alt.music.bee-gees,alt.answers,news.answers Subject: Bee Gees Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Date: 2 Jul 1999 12:57:36 GMT Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked Questions (and their answers) about the Bee Gees. It should be read by anyone who wishes to post to the alt.music.bee-gees newsgroup. Last-modified: 1998/08/25 Maintainer: David Garcia Bee Gees Frequently Asked Questions August 25, 1998 Table of Contents: Part One: 1-01. Who are the Bee Gees? Part Two: 2-01. What LPs, CDs or videos am I missing from my collection? Part Three: 3-01. What Bee Gees on-line resources are available? Part Four: 4-01. What is a FAQ? 4-02. Whatever happened to...? 4-03. Will the Bee Gees ever perform live again? 4-04. Will "Still Waters" be their last album? 4-05. What is the Bee Gees e-mail address? 4-06. Who is Renee Schreiber? 4-07. What is this rumor about missing lyrics to the song "Rings Around the Moon"? 4-08. When will the Bee Gees make a Christmas album (and/or country album, "unplugged" album, etc.)? 4-09. Who decides whether rarities are released? Any chance that some unreleased tracks will be made available? 4-10. What kind of tuning does Barry use on his guitar? 4-11. How tall are the Bee Gees? 4-12. Are any of the Gibb brothers left-handed? 4-13. When are their families' birthdays and anniversaries? 4-14. Who is older, Robin or Maurice? 4-15. What's on the list of forthcoming events? 4-16. Where can I find the lyrics to...? 4-17. Have any books been written about the Bee Gees or Andy Gibb? 4-18. Where can I order a CD of...? 4-19. Any fan get togethers planned for the near future? 4-20. What interviews have appeared in newspapers or magazines lately? 4-21. Where can I find Maurice Gibb lunchboxes and other Bee Gees memoribilia? 4-22. Save me, save me! The Bee Gees are just another one of my obsessions, but she says it's tearing my world apart, and if I only had my mind on something else, I could dedicate my life to something new. Where do I stand? I look like a happy man, but how hopelessly I'm lost! I have just myself to blame, it seems. Where do I go from here? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1-01. Who are the Bee Gees? A. David Garcia writes... The Bee Gees are three brothers: Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, and Maurice Gibb. From 1967 to 1969, they were joined by Vince Melouney and Colin Petersen. In 1970, while Robin pursued a solo career, the album "Cucumber Castle" was released with just Barry and Maurice as the Bee Gees. Contrary to popular belief, younger brother Andy Gibb was never a member of the Bee Gees as such, although his brothers lent assistance in songwriting, producing and backing vocals on his three solo albums. The brothers Gibb were born in the Isle of Man, an island located between Great Britain and Ireland. Barry was born on September 1st, 1946. Robin and Maurice, twins, were born on December 22nd, 1949. The family later moved to Manchester, England, where Andy was born on March 5, 1958. According to a 1979 TV Bio, as children the three boys used to perform in Manchester theaters. They called their singing trio "The Rattlesnakes", and later "Wee Johnny Hays and the Blue Cats." Their harmonies were so natural that, one day at home, their mother mistook their singing as a radio on in the next room. In 1958 the Gibb family, with infant Andy, sailed to Australia. It was there that the brothers started pursuing professional careers as singers and songwriters. Their father, Hugh Gibb, and been a professional drummer and bandleader in his youth. The brothers' talent caught the attention of a local DJ, and soon they were performing at racetracks, beach resorts, and on local radio and TV broadcasts. Around this time they named themselves the BG's, and later, the Bee Gees. In 1963, Festival Records signed the Bee Gees to their first record contract. Though hits as a group were slow in coming, Barry put his songwriting talents to good use writing for other singers and groups. In 1966 the Bee Gees had their first number one single in Australia, "Spicks and Specks." The following January the Gibb family boarded a ship back to England. The brothers had sent demo tapes to NEMS, the group managing the Beatles. One night Robert Stigwood sat down and listened to a few demo tapes from the pile. He liked what he heard, and wanted to see about signing them up. The 1967 album "Bee Gees First" was a tremendous debut success. The first single, "New York Mining Disaster 1941", was believed by many to be recorded by the Beatles under a different name. American record executives started using this as a technique to spark interest in the record, saying only that the name of this group began with a "B" and ended with an "S". With the follow-up success of "Holiday" and "To Love Somebody", people soon knew quite well who the Bee Gees were. Later that year, the Bee Gees -- now the three brothers and fellow Australians Vince Melouney and Colin Petersen -- recorded the album "Horizontal". The single "Massachusetts" topped the UK charts. In 1968, the "Idea" album soon followed with the classics "I Started a Joke" and "I've Gotta Get a Message To You". As was often the case with sixties pop groups, the first flash of success soon after brought dissension and clashes of egos -- what Barry calls the "First Fame" syndrome. Despite years of performing together as brothers, the sudden rise to fame soon overwhelmed the Bee Gees. In 1969, with the "Odessa" album, there were conflicts over the release of "First of May" as a single. Robin thought that "Lamplight" should be the a-side. Other divisions ensued, and eventually resulted in Robin departing to pursue a solo career. Around this time Vince Melouney and Colin Petersen also split from the band. Robin's solo debut, "Robin's Reign", was a modest success in Europe. The single "Saved By The Bell" did particularly well in Germany. Meanwhile, Barry and Maurice continued together as the Bee Gees. Their album, "Cucumber Castle", also coincided with a UK television special. Soon after, however, Barry and Maurice went their separate ways as well. The reconciliation was a gradual one. Barry once remarked that, if they hadn't been brothers, they probably never would have got back together. The "Two Years On" album seemed more like an anthology of three soloists than any sort of group effort. The song "Lonely Days", however, did show that they could still work together as a group. On their next album, "Trafalgar", the reconciliation process continued. The Bee Gees finally had their first #1 single in the US, "How Can You Mend A Broken Heart". The success of this classic showed that the brothers Gibb were far more successful as a group than they would ever be as soloists. As evidenced by the 1972 album "To Whom It May Concern", the Bee Gees were now drifting into a musical pattern of soft ballads. The songs "Run To Me" and "My World" were typical of the group's sound of this time. Eventually the Bee Gees decided to break away from the London scene and start afresh in the United States. In the US, the Bee Gees started in new directions musically. Unfortunately, these new directions were bereft of commercial success. The 1973 album, "Life in a Tin Can", saw meager sales of its single, "I Saw A New Morning". Finally, when "Wouldn't I Be Someone", the single from "A Kick In The Head Is Worth Eight In the Pants", failed to climb the charts, the record company chose not to release the album. Soon after this, the talents of accomplished record producer Arif Mardin were brought to the group's assistance. As producer of their next album, "Mr. Natural", he helped the Bee Gees to evolve their creativity, "open their ears", and explore musical forms quite different from the warm ballads they had grown accustomed to. The "Mr. Natural" album turned out not to be the commercial breakthrough the Bee Gees were seeking, but with tracks like "Heavy Breathing", "Dogs", and "Charade", it was obvious that the brothers were finding their way down new paths of songwriting. Around this time their personal lives also began to grow and change. Robin became a father, and so did Barry. In 1975, Maurice re-married. As the brothers were finding their way back to success musically, they were also starting to realize that there was much more to life than just putting another gold record on the studio wall. The following year, Arif Mardin's guidance paid off with the album "Main Course", featuring "Jive Talkin", "Nights on Broadway", and "Fanny (Be Tender With My Love)". This rebirth of the Bee Gees was far more intense than anyone had expected. The urban music scene was shifting to R&B Dance, and the "blue-eyed soul" of the Bee Gees' "Main Course" album fit right in. In 1976, the Bee Gees changed record labels in the US. Now that they were under Polydor, they no longer had Atlantic Records producer Arif Mardin to assist them. In this sense, the "Children of the World" album was a true test of their talents: Arif Mardin had brought them this far, now could they continue on their own? The album's first single, "You Should Be Dancing", quickly rose to success as the dance clubs latched onto its intense rhythms and falsetto harmonies. Among the trendy night clubs and discotheques, the song became an anthem. Other songs from the album, "Boogie Child" and "Love So Right", also did well. Work began on the next studio album. The Bee Gees relocated to the Chateau D'Heuroville studio in France. Sometime soon after, Robert Stigwood, their manager, called them to request some songs for a movie soundtrack. He described the film he was producing, some low budget dance movie set in Brooklyn. He persuaded the brothers to give him the songs that were already recorded for their next album. This project eventually became the film "Saturday Night Fever". Having thus been relieved of their entire studio album, the Gibb brothers now spent some time mixing the tracks for the live double-LP, "Here At Last... Bee Gees Live!" Soon after, though, Robert Stigwood called again -- this time about yet another film. Now Robert wanted the Bee Gees to work as supporting actors in a musical, a film that would weave Beatles songs into a story about Sgt. Pepper and a mythical place called Heartland. Peter Frampton would be assigned the lead role, and the Bee Gees would be cast as the Henderson brothers. The film would be called, of course, "Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band." In late 1977, while the Bee Gees were filming "Sgt. Pepper", the film "Saturday Night Fever" was released. Three songs from the soundtrack -- "How Deep Is Your Love", "Stayin' Alive", and "Night Fever" -- instantly climbed to the top of the singles charts. The soundtrack album stayed at #1 for 24 weeks, becoming the top selling album up to that time, and remains even now the best selling soundtrack album in history. While all this took place, the brothers saw changes on the set of the "Sgt. Pepper" film. They had been sharing a trailer; now they each had a private trailer of their own. People who had previously ignored them were now far more deferential. With the astounding success of the "Saturday Night Fever" soundtrack, suddenly these three nameless supporting actors were central to the film. It's a wonderful feeling, of course, to be the sudden center of attention on a movie lot. Except, in this case, the movie was looking less and less promising each day. In stages, the Bee Gees began to realize that their movie debut, arriving at the pinnacle of their success as a music group, was destined to be a hideous waste of film. "Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" was a bomb in the making, and the Bee Gees wanted out. On three separate occasions, the brothers literally begged Robert Stigwood to take them out of the film. But it was, of course, too late for that. So, they carried on as best they could and hoped the damage to their careers would be minimal. In the end, their musical careers emerged relatively unscathed. It was, however, the end of their acting careers. At the time, it was rumored that Barry was being considered for the role of Che Gueverra in Robert Stigwood's film version of "Evita". As it turned out, the film "Evita" ended up being postponed for nearly two decades, by which point the opportunity had passed him by. As for the film "Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", although the brothers' predictions of cinematic disaster proved correct, they did manage to pull a nice single out of the soundtrack: Robin's version of "Oh, Darling", the only Bee Gees' hit song that they didn't write themselves. Whatever the public thought of the film "Sgt. Pepper", the Bee Gees were to be more permanently linked with a movie they had never even appeared in: "Saturday Night Fever". Before the release of "Fever", disco was gaining some airplay, but merely as another of many forms of popular music, and disco clubs were something most people only read about in "New York" magazine. The film "Saturday Night Fever" changed all that. Now discos were not just for the urban trendsetters. Suddenly you had assistant managers of suburban tub and tile outlet stores wearing leisure suits and gold medallions on Saturday nights. Dance instruction studios were overwhelmed with requests to "teach me to dance like Travolta". Songs like "Disco Duck" and "Macho Man" crowded established rock acts off the airwaves. During this time the Bee Gees were a constant presence. At one point, Gibb compositions held all the top five slots on Billboard's top ten. This sort of success naturally evokes a wide span of reactions, ranging from blind imitation to outright resentment and loathing. In the midst of all the excitement, while Rod Stewart released his disco hit "Do You Think I'm Sexy" and Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones worked on his "Emotional Rescue" falsetto, others began to rebel, and the anti-disco backlash began. Looking back, it was both unfortunate and unfair that the Bee Gees were blamed for disco. Had the movie "Saturday Night Fever" never been made, and those same Gibb compositions made their way to the Bee Gees' next studio album as originally planned, the whole "disco fever" travesty might have been avoided. Ultimately, disco was as much a fashion trend as a music trend, and the fashion industry found "Saturday Night Fever" to be a convenient infomercial. The irony in all this was that the Bee Gees didn't dance, didn't wear leisure suits, and didn't even particularly like dance movies like "Fever". They've always characterized their music as "Blue-Eyed Soul", and whether people danced to it or not was pretty much beside the point. They took pride in their songwriting craft, not in the merchandising of garish disco lifestyles. With their next studio album, "Spirits Having Flown", they sought to provide more variety. The lead single, "Too Much Heaven", was a slow ballad, not a disco dance tune. The "Spirits Having Flown" album had a variety of musical styles, from the Caribbean feel of the title track to the smoky nightclub sound of "Stop, Think Again." Nearly all the songs were sung in falsetto vocals, however, and "Tragedy", the second single, was undeniably disco in style. The album sold well, and the Bee Gees easily filled football stadiums in their 1979 concert tour. One of the fans at Dodger Stadium that night was singer Barbra Streisand. She asked the brothers to work with her on her next album. As Barry started production of Barbra's "Guilty" album, Maurice produced the LP "Steppin' Out" for the Osmonds. During this time, new Bee Gees compositions went to Barbra's album, and also to Jimmy Ruffin's "Sunrise" album, which Robin was producing. Barbra's "Guilty" album netted three top singles in 1980, and has been the most successful album of her career. Now work began on the Bee Gees' next studio album. In many ways, the "Living Eyes" album was unlike all their other recent work. "Spirits Having Flown" had a falsetto lead on every track but "Until"; "Living Eyes" avoided falsetto leads on every song but "Soldiers". Not only were the pulsating rhythm sections of "Children of the World" gone, but the backup trio of Alan Kendall, Dennis Bryon and Blue Weaver were all replaced by session musicians halfway through the production. One song, "Be Who You Are", even had a long symphonic introduction with a full orchestra. Unfortunately, 1981 was not a good year for the brothers Gibb. The disco backlash was causing radio stations to avoid any new vinyl by the Bee Gees. In the meantime, punk rock and new wave groups were defining the sound of the 80's. Looking back on these days, one journalist remarked "...the Bee Gees were trying to be the Bee Gees at the same time that the Sex Pistols were being the Sex Pistols." In the meantime, their record label, RSO, was in turmoil. Changes at the top and financial chaos clouded the release of "Living Eyes". The pages of Rolling Stone carried, not Bee Gees album reviews, but news of lawsuits and audits. So it was that the rock press barely noticed when, in the wake of six consecutive number one hits, "He's A Liar" floundered on the singles charts. There might be an article or an interview somewhere that explains what happened next. If so, I have yet to find it. It's easier to say what didn't happen. The Bee Gees didn't release any more studio albums. They didn't go on tour. They didn't work with their former back-up band of Kendall, Bryon and Weaver. They didn't stay with RSO. Instead, for the next six years their efforts would be divided between writing and producing for other artists and working on their own occasional solo projects. To make an unfortunate comparison, the Bee Gees became the three artists formerly known as the Bee Gees. The lone exception to this period "in exile" was the soundtrack to the movie "Stayin' Alive". Sylvester Stallone was hired to direct this sequel to "Saturday Night Fever". Looking at the film, it is obvious that this was a work crafted in Stallone's own image. Even John Travolta ended up looking like Rambo in Spandex. In directing the film, Stallone was at least somewhat obligated to include Bee Gees songs in the soundtrack. But most of the emphasis was given to the music of Frank Stallone, the director's brother. In contrast, some songs the Bee Gees wrote were faded out abruptly in the middle of a verse. In any case, both the film and the soundtrack album failed to measure up to the original. In between "Living Eyes" and the "Stayin' Alive" film, Robin released his solo album "How Old Are You" on the Polydor label. This album was produced by Robin and Maurice, and all the compositions were by the twins, including the single "Juliet". The album and single did well in Germany, but were scarcely noticed in the US. Barry's absence from the album was easily explained: he had just finished producing Dionne Warwick's "Heartbreaker" LP, and was about to begin production of "Eyes That See In The Dark" for Kenny Rogers. Both of Barry's projects were co-produced by Karl Richardson and Albhy Galuten, and consisted of songs written by the Bee Gees, and occasional co-writing by Albhy Galuten. The next Bee Gees success was to come in under the radar. "Islands In the Stream" was a huge country hit for Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton. It also crossed over and dominated mainstream pop radio -- one of very few country duets to ever do so. In all the excitement, people didn't seem to notice who wrote the song. The biggest country hit of 1983 was written by the same composers who wrote the disco anthem "Stayin' Alive" -- the Bee Gees had made a most remarkable transition in their songwriting, and hardly anyone seemed to realize it. As if to emphasize the point, the Bee Gees now started another transition. They began work on an R&B comeback album for Motown diva Diana Ross. "Eaten Alive" and the single "Chain Reaction" gave Diana Ross her first major chart success in the UK. In the wake of "Saturday Night Fever", the Bee Gees had proven their worth as songwriters and producers with both country music and Motown style R&B... but at the same time their own solo careers were going nowhere. Robin had a brief hit with the "Secret Agent" album's single "Boys Do Fall In Love", but his followup album "Walls Have Eyes" failed to attract listeners. EMI later blamed this on internal changes at the record label. At the same time, Barry's solo debut "Now Voyager" was unable to spark excitement with record buyers. While "Shine Shine" did find its way into the top 40, it was quickly forgotten along with the album. A second solo album, "Moonlight Madness", was instead diverted to the soundtrack of the film "Hawks", a British comedy-drama starring Timothy Dalton and Anthony Edwards. In 1987, Arif Mardin and the brothers Gibb set their sights on a renewal of the Bee Gees' career as recording artists. The "E.S.P." album brought the single "You Win Again", a #1 success in several countries. The USA, however, wasn't one of them. Following the tragic death of younger brother Andy Gibb in 1988, the Bee Gees started to seriously re-evaluate their careers. Trying to make sense of the tragedy, they also began to feel a need to truly dedicate themselves to what they've always done best: songwriting and performing. Regardless of what the radio stations thought about the Bee Gees, they would be heard. The 1989 album "One" brought the brothers success on both sides of the Atlantic. "Ordinary Lives" was the featured single in Europe, and the title track proved to be the group's "comeback" single in the US. For the first time in ten years, the Bee Gees set forth on a world tour. The 1991 followup album "High Civilization" was less well received. While the song "Secret Love" did well in Europe, "When He's Gone" was ignored in the US. The Bee Gees again toured Europe. But while touring Europe, their thoughts surely were directed toward the states. It was maddening. Songs and albums that sold well in Europe went unnoticed by Americans. "You Win Again" provides a perfect example: how can a song by a major artist be number one in England, yet number 75 in the US? Two years later, Warner even re-released "You Win Again" in the US as the second single from the "One" album, hoping that it would finally get airplay. It didn't. Why did American radio ignore the group? As one reviewer quipped, we were ready to forgive Nixon for Watergate, but were we ready to forgive the Bee Gees for disco? In 1993, the Bee Gees returned to the Polydor label and released the CD "Size Isn't Everything". Appearances on radio and TV brought inevitable one-liners about the meaning of the title, even leading shock jock Howard Stern to ask "which one is the 'biggest' Bee Gee?" Sadly, the "Full Size" tour planned for April of 1994 had to be abruptly canceled, due to Barry's health problems. During this time no less than three tribute albums to the Bee Gees have been released: An alternative rock version, "Melody Fair", joins compilations of previous cover versions on the rack: "Bee Gees Songbook" (a UK import), and the recently released "Soul of the Bee Gees", featuring a liner note "mea culpa" over the record company's mishandling of Robin Gibb's single "Toys" back in 1985. In September of 1996 word was received that the Bee Gees had been chosen as 1997 inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The ceremony was held in Cleveland on May 6, 1997. Additional awards have included the American Music Awards' "International Artist" award, and special recognition in this year's "Brit" awards. The newest release, "Still Waters," debuted at #2 on the UK charts. The compilation album "The Very Best of the Bee Gees" also briefly reentered the top ten a s well, putting the brothers Gibb in the remarkable position of having two albums in the UK top ten at the same time -- all this thirty years after their international debut. The album debuted in the US at #11, their first top twenty album since 1979. The US release of "Still Waters" was been acompanied by a whilrwind of activity. The weekend before the album's debut, VH-1 had a "Bee Gees Weekend" with a Saturday afternoon marathon of videos and performances. On the day of the album's release, the Bee Gees appeared on the Oprah Winfrey show, and that evening were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. The album reportedly sold over 2.5 million copies worldwide, making it their greatest success since 1979's "Spirits (Having Flown)." Is it over? Not yet -- the brothers Gibb, even with a four decade career to look back on, continue to look forward, and plan for the next album, the next single. As Barry puts it, "...a gold record on your wall is like an ornament, and it doesn't really mean anything. It's a memory -- you look at it and go, 'Well THAT was great,' but it's not part of your NOW. And it's now and tomorrow that are the most important..." STUDIO ALBUMS: [1967] Bee Gees First (#7 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 825-220-2 [1968] Horizontal (#12 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 833-659-2 [1968] Idea (#17 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 833-660-2 [1969] Odessa (#20 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 825-451-2 [1969] Cucumber Castle Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 833 783-2 [1971] Two Years On (#32 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 833 785-2 [1971] Trafalgar (#34 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 833 786-2 [1972] To Whom It May Concern (#35 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 833 787-2 [1973] Life In A Tin Can Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 833-788-2 [1974] Mr. Natural Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 833 789-2 [1975] Main Course (#14 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 833 790-2 [1976] Children of the World (#8 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 823 658-2 [1979] Spirits (Having Flown) (#1 for 6 weeks, Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 827 335-2 [1981] Living Eyes [out of print in US, available by import from Japan] Label: POLYDOR (Japan) Cat #: POCP-2244 [1987] E.S.P. [out of print in US, available by import from Europe] Label: WARNER BROTHERS Cat #: 2-25541 [1989] One [out of print in US, available by import from Europe] Label: WARNER BROTHERS Cat #: 2-25887 [1991] High Civilization [out of print in US, available by import from Europe] Label: WARNER BROTHERS Cat #: 2-26530 [1993] Size Isn't Everything Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 521 055-2 [1997] Still Waters Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 537 302-2 LIVE ALBUMS: [1977] Here At Last, Bee Gees Live (#8 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 833 791-2 GREATEST HITS COMPILATIONS: [1969] Best of Bee Gees (#9 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 831 594-2 [1973] Best of Bee Gees, Vol. 2 Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 831 960-2 [1976] Bee Gees Gold, Vol. 1 [not available on CD, only cassette] Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 823 659-4 [1980] Bee Gees Greatest (#1 Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 800 071-2 [1990] Tales of the Brothers Gibb - A History In Song [US version omits some songs from the "Hawks" soundtrack, which was never released in the US.] Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 843 911-2 [1990] The Very Best of the Bee Gees [not released in US, available as import from Europe; also said to be widely available in Canada] Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 847 339-2 SOUNDTRACK ALBUMS: [1970] Sing a Rude Song [out of print] Maurice sings in this short-lived West End musical of non-Gibb compositions LABEL: POLYDOR Cat #: 2383-018 [1970] Melody [out of print in US, available by import from Japan] Label: POLYDOR (Japan) Cat #: POCP-2007 (thanks to Robert Phan for this info!) [1975] All This and World War II [out of print in US] The Bee Gees and other artists sang Beatles covers for this soundtrack [1977] Saturday Night Fever (#1 for 24 weeks Billboard album charts) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 4228253892 [1978] Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band The Bee Gees and other artists sang Beatles covers for this soundtrack. Unlike "All This and World War II", however, the Bee Gees (to their later regret) actually appeared in this movie. Finally returning to the CD racks after twenty long years, you may find this one filed under "Peter Frampton" (at least I did at HMV). Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 3145570762 [1983] Stayin' Alive Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 4228132692 (Thanks to Phongsak Suppattarachai for this info!) [1986] Hawks Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 4228372642 (Thanks to Phongsak Suppattarachai for this info!) [soundtrack not released in US, but Phongsak recently obtained this through Polydor (Netherlands); movie is available on video] [1992] The Bunbury Tails [not released in US, but still available in Europe, at least through www.cdeurope.com (thanks, Phongsak Suppattarachai!)] Thanks to Imran for the following info... "This has got to be one of the best albums I've never heard of!! Until last year, I had no idea what the Bunbury Tails were about nor had I ever heard of any of the tracks and then someone got me the CD and I still can't get over how good it is! For anyone who doesn't know, "The Bunbury Tails" CD was released by Polydor in 1992 and it was based on a cute cartoon series in England which comprised of mainly bunnies playing cricket! Much of the humour would be better understood if you have an understanding of the game of cricket and its many legends over the years e.g. Viv Richards. Features the Bee Gees, Elton John, Level 42, Shakatak and many others!" Featured Bee Gees Tracks: * We're The Bunburys * Bunbury Afternoon Fight the Good Fight (Eric Clapton) and some other tunes were written/cowritten by the Brothers Gibb, and feature occasional Gibb backup vocals. The Eric Clapton track was also issued on the 1988 Summer Olympics Album, this time credited to "The Bunburys" under the title "Fight (No Matter How Long)". Title: The Bunbury Tails Artist: Various Label: POLYDOR (UK) Cat #: 515 784-2 SOLO ALBUMS - BARRY: [1985] Now Voyager Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 4228234292 (Thanks to Phongsak Suppattarachai for this info!) [out of print in US, although Phongsak recently got it through Polydor (Germany); video still available in US] SOLO ALBUMS - ROBIN: [1970] Robin's Reign [out of print in US] According to Marty Hogan, "Robin's Reign" is available on CD from SPECTRUM, a German subsidiary of Polydor. Thanks, Marty! You can write to SPECTRUM at: SPECTRUM Records Holzdamm 57-61, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany Label: SPECTRUM Cat #: 847 914-2 Robert Phan also says that KARUSSEL had the CD under the same catalog number, released in 1991 and deleted in 1992. Label: KARUSSEL Cat #: 847 914-2 [1982] How Old Are You Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 4228108862 (Thanks to Phongsak Suppattarachai for this info!) [out of print in US; available on CD in Europe (Phongsak Suppattarachai recently reported finding this through www.musicexpress.com)] [1984] Secret Agent [out of print in US] Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 821 797-2 (thanks to Robert Phan for the catalog number) [1985] Walls Have Eyes [not released on CD in US, out of print] Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 821 592-2 (thanks to Robert Phan for the catalog number) SOLO ALBUMS - ANDY: Andy's three studio albums have been digitally remastered and reissued on CD. About time! [1977] Flowing Rivers Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 31453-9921-2 [1978] Shadow Dancing Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 42284-7916-2 [1980] After Dark Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 31453-9922-2 [1980] Andy Gibb's Greatest Hits [not released on CD, out of print] [1991] Andy Gibb [Greatest Hits Collection] A recent CD release of hit singles and unreleased tracks, including his final work "Man On Fire." [Note: there is some confusion as to the actual title of this CD. The CD itself seems to either have no title, or else to be self-titled "Andy Gibb." Distributors' catalogs, on the other hand, all seem to call it "Greatest Hits Collection," "Collection of His Greatest Hits," or some such variation. Yet none of these words can be found on the CD itself. Some on-line record outlets now refer to this album as S/T, for "self titled"] Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 314-511585-2 WORK WITH OTHER ARTISTS: [1980] Jimmy Ruffin - Album: "Sunrise" [not released on CD, out of print] [1980] Barbra Streisand - Album: "Guilty" [now digitally remastered for CD] Label: COLUMBIA Cat #: CK-36750 [1982] Dionne Warwick - Album: "Heartbreaker" [out of print in US; available in Germany as Cat #:258719 (thanks, Phongsak Suppattarachai!)] Label: ARISTA Cat #: ARCD-8006 [1983] Kenny Rogers - Album: "Eyes That See In The Dark" Label: RCA Cat #: PCD1-4697 [1985] Diana Ross - Album: "Eaten Alive" [out of print in US] Label: RCA Cat #: PCD1-5422 [1986] Carola - Album: "The Runaway" [Sweden only; has been out of print, but appears to once again returning to CD in Europe] Label: POLYDOR(Sweden) Cat #: 829 298-2 (thanks to Robert Phan for the catalog number) BEE GEES TRIBUTE ALBUMS: [1993] Bee Gees / Songbook (The Gibb Brothers By Others) [Not released in US, available by import from UK]] performed by various artists Label: CONOISSEUR COLLECTION Cat #: VSOP CD 184 [1994] Melody Fair: Tribute to the Bee Gees performed by various artists Label: EGGBERT Cat #: 80012 [1996] Soul of the Bee Gees performed by various artists Label: THE RIGHT STUFF Cat #: 7243-8-35600-2-8 AUSTRALIAN YEARS 1963-1966: Festival records has a large library of recordings from the Bee Gees during their Australian years of 1963-1966. These are the only recordings the Bee Gees themselves have no creative control over, and Festival has used this to great advantage, licensing the rights to these songs throughout the world. Polydor had a brief license to distribute these in the three-volume "Rare, Precious and Beautiful" series back in the late 60's. Some Australian demos, such as "Top Hat" and "I'll Know What To Do", are truly rare. Other recordings, especially singles such as "Claustrophobia" and "Spicks and Specks", seem to be on every record rack in town. There are a total of sixty Bee Gees songs from the Australian era. The following list of albums provides a partial sampling of the many reissues of these classics. Rather than offer a separate track listing of each of these albums, all sixty songs are listed below, with cross-references to the various albums on which the songs appear. Please feel free to add to this list with your own findings... Available on CD: [A] Birth of Brilliance Label: FESTIVAL Cat #: D 45813/4 [B] The Magic Collection: The Bee Gees Label: ARC Cat #: MEC 949044 [C] To Be Or Not To Be Label: THUNDERBOLT Cat #: CDTB 170 Released on LP: (likely out of print) [01] THE BEE GEES SING AND PLAY 14 BARRY GIBB SONGS (Leedon, 1965) [02] SPICKS AND SPECKS (Spin, 1966) [03] TURN AROUND, LOOK AT US (Calendar, 1967) [04] RARE PRECIOUS AND BEAUTIFUL (Polydor, 1968) [05] RARE PRECIOUS AND BEAUTIFUL, volume 2 (Polydor, 1968) [06] RARE PRECIOUS AND BEAUTIFUL, volume 3 (Polydor, 1969) [07] INCEPTION / NOSTALGIA (Karussel, 1970) [08] BEE GEES (Impact, 1975) [09] BIRTH OF BRILLIANCE (Festival, 1978) [10] MONDAY'S RAIN (Pickwick, 1978) [11] TAKE HOLD OF THAT STAR (Pickwick, 1978) [12] TURN AROUND, LOOK AT ME (Pickwick, 1978) [13] PEACE OF MIND (Pickwick, 1978) [14] BEE GEES BONANZA (Pickwick, 1978) The Australian Bee Gees songs: 1. All by myself [A-07-09] 2. All of my life [03-05-13-14] 3. And the children laughing [C-01-06-12] 4. Big chance [C-02-04-10-14] 5. Born a man [A-02-04-09-13-14] 6. Butterfly [A-07-08-09] 7. Cherry red [A-03-05-09-13-14] 8. Claustrophobia [A-B-C-01-05-09-11-14] 9. Coalman [A-07-08-09] 10. Could it be [A-B-C-01-05-09-11-14] 11. Daydream [07-08] 12. Don't say goodbye [01-05-13-14] 13. Every day I have to cry [A-B-C-03-05-09-11-14] 14. Exit, stage right [A-07-09] 15. Follow the wind [C-01-05-11-14] 16. Forever [07] 17. Glass house [C-02-04-10-14] 18. Hallelujah, I love her so [07] 19. How love was true [A-C-01-06-09-12] 20. How many birds [A-C-02-04-09-10-14] 21. I am the world [A-B-C-03-06-09-12] 22. I don't know why I bother with myself [C-02-04-10-14] 23. I don't think it's funny [A-B-C-01-06-09-12] 24. I love you because [07] 25. I want home [A-B-C-03-06-09-12] 26. I was a lover, a leader of men [A-C-01-03-05-06-09-11-13-14] 27. I'll know what to do [07] 28. In the morning (early recording) [A-B-07-08-09] 29. Jingle jangle [02-04-13-14] 30. Like nobody else [A-07-09] 31. Lonely winter [A-07-08-09] 32. Lum-de-loo [07-08] 33. Monday's rain (album version, see note below) [C-02-04-10-14] 34. Monday's rain (single version, see note below) [A-B-09] 35. Paperback writer [07-08] 36. Peace of mind [A-01-03-06-09-13] 37. Playdown [C-02-04-10-14] 38. Second hand people [A-C-02-04-09-10-14] 39. Somewhere [07] 40. Spicks and specks [A-B-C-02-04-09-10-14] 41. Storm [A-07-08-09] 42. Take hold of that star [C-01-05-11-14] 43. Terrible way to treat your baby [A] [07] [09] 44. The battle of the blue and the grey [A-B-C-03-06-09-12] 45. The end [07] 46. The three kisses of love [A-B-C-03-05-09-11-14] 47. The twelfth of never [07] 48. Theme from "The travels of Jamie McPheeters" [A-B-C-03-05-09-11-14] 49. Ticket to ride [07-08] 50. Timber! [A-01-06-09-13] 51. Tint of blue [02-04-13-14] 52. To be or not to be [A-C-01-05-09-11-14] 53. Top hat [07] 54. Turn around, look at me [A-B-C-03-06-09-12] 55. Where are you [02-04-10-14] 56. Wine and women [A-B-C-01-03-06-09-12] 57. You won't see me [A-07-08-09] 58. You wouldn't know [B-C-01-06-12] 59. You're nobody till somebody loves you [07-08] 60. You're the reason [07-08] Note: The album and single versions of "Monday's Rain" feature two entirely different vocals on the recordings. Among the several differences, the easiest to note is that the first chorus of the album version begins "Don't let me down...", while the single version has "Don't go away...". The vocal style on the second verse is also notably different. On the single version, it is unmistakably sung by Barry. The album version, by contrast, is quite mistakable indeed... ;-) Sincere thanks to Joe Brennan for his web site, which provided track listings for the old LPs. Also, I wouldn't have known about the two "Monday's Rain" versions if he hadn't told me. Once you know about it, of course, it's easy to spot. For more info on the Bee Gees' Australian era, be sure to check Joe Brennan's web page, at: http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~brennan/beegees/ THE "of COURSE I'll pay $16 for this CD to hear the one Bee Gees track" RECORDINGS: [1978] Grease (movie soundtrack) Label: POLYDOR Cat #: 825 095-2 (thanks to Robert Phan for the catalog number) Frankie Valli sings "Grease" title track, a Barry Gibb composition. [1978] Sesame Street Fever (children's album) Robin Gibb sings "Sesame Street Fever" and "Trash" (not Gibb compositions) [1980] Times Square (movie soundtrack) "Help Me", written and performed by Robin Gibb and Marcy Levy [1988] 1988 Summer Olympics Album - One Moment In Time performed by various artists The Bee Gees perform Gibb composition "Shape of Things To Come". Another Gibb composition, "Fight (No Matter How Long)", is listed as by "The Bunburys" and features Eric Clapton's performance from "The Bunbury Tails" album. Label: ARISTA Cat #: ARCD - 8551 [1979] Chicago - Hot Streets If you've bought everything else on this list, but find that you still have money to burn, buy this one to hear falsetto Gibb backing vocals on "Little Miss Lovin'." Chicago, incidentally, returned the favor with some horn work on the "Spirits (Having Flown)" LP, if I recall correctly. And yes, I suppose somewhere there is a Chicago fan who bought "Spirits (Having Flown)" JUST to hear those horns. Go figure. [1990] Nobody's Child - Romanian Angel Appeal performed by various artists Featuring "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart" from the 1989 Melbourne concert appearance Label: WARNER BROS. Cat #: 26280-2 [1993] Jose Y Durval - Todo Por Amor Something was mentioned on the mailing list previously about a Brazilian pop duo, Chitaozinho e Xororo, recording a cover of "Words" in Miami with guest vocals by the Bee Gees. Now Joe Brennan has been sent some info on yet another latin cover of "Words" with the Bee Gees by Jose y Durval, and Xororo listed as guitarist. Both albums are titled "Todo Por Amo". I don't evenPRETEND to know what's going on here, but CompuServe's All-Music Guide (use GO command to GO ALLMUSIC) cheerfully coughed up the catalog number for Jose y Durval, and refused to acknowledge any info for Chitaozinho e Xororo (quite possibly due to a spelling error, I would suspect...). Catalog info for Jose y Durval is as follows: Label: PHILLIPS Cat #: 314-510464-2 [1995] Tapestry Revisited - A Tribute to Carole King performed by various artists (video also available) The Bee Gees sing Carole King composition "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow" Label: Lava Records Cat #: 92604-2 [1996] Paul Anka - Amigos According to Grant Walters, "Barry sings backround vocals with Paul and Anthea Anka on the song "Yo Te Amo" (Do I Love You). It's a very light, breezy ballad, and the three voices meld quite nicely. Barry's vocals are mostly falsetto, sung very gently and breathily - but there are times we get to hear that wonderful airy regular voice of his :-) All in all well worth the purchase of the CD." Label: COLUMBIA Cat #: CK 91110 [198*] Barbra Streisand - One Voice Barry appears live and sings "Gulity" and "What Kind of Fool" with Barbra. Also available on video. Label: COLUMBIA Cat #: CK-40788 [199*] Coca-Cola Comercials Our efforts to resolve the cola mystery are finally starting to pay off. Let's follow the trail so far. In the sixties, around 1968 from what I've heard, the brothers wrote and recorded two songs for Coca-cola. It sounds as if Bill Shepherd is doing the orchestrations. I've heard them on tape, but not on any commerical (no pun intended) releases. One jingle is entitled "Another Cold and Windy Day". This tune is reminiscent of "Holiday," and features Robin seeking solace to his miserable and unceasing agony in a bottle of sugared phosphoric acid (otherwise known as Coca-Cola). If Tolstoy were to write soft drink jingles, they would sound like this. "...I turn my face into the sun, the time of winter has begun..." The other clip is "Sitting in the Meadow", which is rather similar to "Sir Geoffrey Saved the World". Robin leads on this upbeat tune, with Barry joining in on the chorus. "Sitting in the meadow, frolic in the grass / Wouldn't you be lazy, everybody asks..." and so on. I never understood the reason these were made until I took my son to see the "Turbo Rangers" movie a while back. Before the movie started, they had a little 90-second music video with some angst-ridden nineties ensemble. It was... a Coca-Cola jingle. Since I go to the movies about as often as an Amish farmer, I don't know how many others of these were made. But it seems entirely possible that the Bee Gees appeared in some such promo as this, to be played in the movie theatres. For you restless collectors out there, perhaps this is yet another thing to keep an eye peeled for. I wonder... But all this aside, the issue has been, where can you buy a CD with these commericals on it? I had heard from others that Coca-cola had (or so they heard) released this as a promotional CD. However, it was conspicuous in its absence at the official Coca-Cola boutique and souvenir-stand near Trump Tower on 5th Avenue. The road next led me to HMV at Herald Square, where I found an import CD called "Great Cola Commercials - Vol. 2" (Vox Records, UK) that had jingles from Del Shannon, Johnny Cash and a cast of dozens... but no Bee Gees. So I speculated that there MUST be a Volume One somewhere, another Holy Grail of soda jingles yet to be found. Then we heard from Douwe Dijkstra, in the Netherlands. Douwe read my earlier pleas for assistance, and provided the following: "The CD that I have is called 'Coca-Cola Comercials.' This is the official title. "Furthermore in the inlay it says: '65 sensational tracks' and 'things go better with Coke.' "The only Bee Gees performed track is #37 being the one starting with "Sitting in the Meadow" "In my view there is no "Great Cola Commercials vol 1", but #2 is just called #2 because the above mentioned Coca Cola did already exist. "You can order both CD's from "Offshore Echoes Magazine" to be found on http://www.guernseyweb.co.uk/cdjing.html" So, there you have it. Case closed. Thanks, Douwe!! Now, what's this about Dentyne commercials? ;-) * Guilty Pleasures: The Songs You Hate To Love" performed by various artists The most disturbing cover art I've ever seen, bar none. Aside from this, the album is noteworthy for its inclusion of rare Gibb composition "Gilbert Green" as performed by Gerry Marsden of Gerry and the Pacemakers. LABEL: SONY MUSIC SPECIAL PRODUCTS Cat #: AK-53923 * Roy Orbison - Rare Orbison Vol. 2 Barry Gibb/Larry Gatlin composition "Indian Summer" originally came out on the Gatlin Brothers "Smile" album in 1985. It features vocals by Barry, Larry Gatlin, and Roy Orbison. It is also available on the "Legendary Roy Orbison" box set. (Thanks to Jill Thompson and Imran for this info!) Label: MONUMENT Cat #: AK-45404 Also available on: Label: COLUMBIA SPECIAL PRODUCTS Cat #: 45404 SINGLES WORTH FINDING: [1989] One / Wing and A Prayer This is the only US release of the song "Wing and a Prayer", a track included on the European "One" CD. Label: WARNER [1993] Paying the Price of Love / Decadence The song "Decadence" was included on the European "Size Isn't Everything" CD, but in the US could only be found on the single. It is a remix of "You Should Be Dancing", among other things. The US single also includes three (!) remixes of "Paying the Price of Love". Maybe I'm just not into remixes, but I can't help but wonder what inspired the hyper-marketing of so many of these, ESPECIALLY when the perfectly listenable songs "855-7019" and "My Destiny" were languishing in storage. Label: POLYDOR (US) [1993] Paying the Price of Love/Paying the Price of Love (KC Mix)/My Destiny/Paying the Price of Love (The Ocean Drive Mix) Label: POLYDOR (UK) Cat #: 859 471-2 [1993] How To Fall in Love, Part 1 (edit)/855-7019/Fallen Angel (remix) Label: POLYDOR (UK) Cat #: 855 647-2 Much thanks to Marty for solving the above mysteries! [1997] Alone / Closer than Close / Rings Around the Moon This UK single has rare b-side "Rings Around the Moon". This song also recently became available on a US maxi-CD single of "Alone," with "Decadence" and "Stayin' Alive [live version]" thrown in for good measure. Label: POLYDOR (UK) Cat #: 573 527-2 [1997] I Could Not Love You More/Love Never Dies/Brits Medley This second single from the UK release of "Still Waters" has the rare b-side "Love Never Dies." The single faded quickly on the charts, so if you're looking for it, better look now! Label: POLYDOR (UK) Cat #: 571 223-2 THE "Let's Parody the Bee Gees and MAKE MONEY FA$T" RECORDINGS: [1981] Hee Bee Gee Bees - "The Original Hee Bee Gee Bees' 439 Golden Greats" According to Joe Brennan, this is the work of Phillip Pope, Mike Stevens and Angus Deayton. This parody album includes tracks "Meaningless Songs" and "Posing in the Moonlight." In the interests of justice, let me just mention here that, years later, the brothers Gibb were given a chance to detonate the Hee Bee Gee Bees live at a charity telethon in the UK. Ahh, revenge... [out of print] LABEL: Hee Bee Gee Bees [RCA] (UK) * Additionally, the Bee Gees parody THEMSELVES on the Howard Stern New Years' Eve video show. See video info, below. BEE GEES APPEARANCES ON VIDEO: [1978] Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band VHS: MCA Catalog # 55013 $29.95 LASERDISC: MCA Catalog # 17004 [198*] Barbra Streisand - One Voice Barry appears in concert with Barbra and sings two duets with her: "Guilty" and "What Kind of Fool" [1985] Barry Gibb - Now Voyager VHS: MCA Catalog # 80187 $19.95 Movies Unlimited Cata log # 071294 $14.99 Call Movies Unlimited at (800) 523-0823 [1990] The Bee Gees One For All Tour - Live (2 vols.) VHS: Volume I MPI Catalog # 1935 Volume II MPI Catalog # 1936 LASERDISC: Volumes I & II Combined MPI Catalog # 9802 $29.98 Call MPI Home Entertainment at (800) 323-0442 [1994] Howard Stern New Year's Rotten Eve Pay-Per-View (is this the exact title?) The video of Howard Stern's Pay Per View event features the Bee Gees singing a parody of "To Love Somebody" in a gag promo for John Wayne Bobbitt. I've seen this at Palmer Video, may be available for rental elsewhere as well. If you're unable to find a copy, posting to the alt.fan.howard-stern newsgroup may be of some benefit. (Warning: video contains adult content -- indeed, aside from the appearance by the brothers Gibb, the video is pretty much nothing else BUT adult content...) [1995] Tapestry Revisited - A Tribute to Carole King The Bee Gees sang on "Tapestry Revisited," the Carole King tribute album. This video features songs and interviews with several of the artists who worked on this album, including the Bee Gees. [1997] Keppel Road - The Life and Music of the Bee Gees A recent documentary on the Bee Gees, which also features the song-in-progress "Just In Case" Laserdisc version also available, at least in Japan, maybe elsewhere besides... VHS: Polygram Video Catalog #440 054 881-3 $19.95 * The Bee Gees - Music Biography (import from Japan) "21 songs, clips and live performances, plus rare material from the early days in Australia." 54 min. VHS: Music Video Distributors Catalog # R 2310 $69.95 LASERDISC: Music Video Distributors Catalog # LR 2310 Call Music Video Distributors at (800) 888-0486 * The Return of Bruno An HBO production featuring Bruce Willis in a fictional documentary along the lines of "Spinal Tap." Cameo appearances by Ringo Starr, Dick Clark, the Bee Gees and others. BEE GEES SONGS IN THE MOVIES (AND ON VIDEO, MAYBE): [1970] Melody [1971] Bloomfield (UK), The Hero (US) ("The Loner" by Maurice, performed by The Bloomfields [which Joe Brennan notes..."sounds like a pseudonym for somebody but I don't know who"]) [1975] All This and World War II (Bee Gees and other artists perform Beatles songs) [1977] Saturday Night Fever [1978] Grease (title song was written by the Barry Gibb and performed by Frankie Valli) [1980] Times Square ("Help Me", written and performed by Robin Gibb and Marcy Levy) [1983] Stayin Alive * A Breed Apart (score by Maurice, and main title "Hold her in your hand" written by Barry and Maurice, sung by Maurice) (thanks, Joe!) [1988] Hawks Featuring songs from Barry's unreleased solo album "Moonlight Madness". The movie is also based on a story (unpublished?) by Barry Gibb and David English. BEE GEES LASER DISCS AND CD-ROMS: * Bee Gees - Interactive CD-ROM (is this even CLOSE to the title?) I had heard there was a Bee Gees interactive CD-ROM in Europe a while back, but I have no info on this at all. If anyone knows about it, I'm looking forward to hearing from you! * Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band LASERDISC: MCA Catalog # 17004 * The Bee Gees One For All Tour - Live (2 vols.) LASERDISC: Volumes I & II Combined MPI Catalog # 9802 $29.98 Call MPI Home Entertainment at (800) 323-0442 * The Bee Gees - Music Biography (import from Japan) Described in the catalog as "21 songs, clips and live performances, plus rare material from the early days in Australia." 54 min. LASERDISC: Music Video Distributors Catalog # LR 2310 Call Music Video Distributors at (800) 888-0486 * Keppel Road In Japan, the "Keppel Road" video is now available on Laser Disc too. Also, Singapore, the busiest transit stop in the world, does seem to have some nice laser discs available... * Greatest Bee Gees Karaoke As Karen Liew writes, "I haven't seen it, but I think that there's footage of the Bee Gees in it. I make this assumption because there's this teeny tiny itsy bitsy thanking the Bee Gees for their co-operation and video footage... The LD is red all over, with a landscape photo of the brothers smack in the centre (I think). All I can remember is that Robin was in the centre and he had long hair with sunglasses on... I remember seeing Massachussetts, and the New York Mining Disaster, but not much else. ...I went to a couple of stores in Far East, and most of them are priced at S$89 (around US$60). At Supreme Records, I found a copy selling at S$89, but at the store next door, it was selling for S$82. I found the Video CDversion of this, (also at Far East Plaza) but it came in two parts, each sold separately (S$39)." Supreme Compact Disc Far East Plaza 14 Scotts Road #03-14 Tel.: (65) 7325432 * One Another find from Karen Liew, who writes: "- The description on the back said that it covers the brothers' comeback album. ...The LD kind of looks like the "One" album; white with black and white photographs. It definitely looks less garish than the karaoke LD... This LD is selling for S$45 (around US$30) and can only be found (so far) in the LD store right smack next to Supreme Records. (I forget the name, sorry)" INTERVIEW CLIPS AND TELEVISION APPEARANCES: Thanks to Antonette Daniar for providing us with the following info... The AG*BG Video Exchange Club is the only ALL Video club (with permission) in North America that offers only Bee Gees/Andy Gibb video material. Here are some of the video clips available from Judy Gogarty and the AG*BG Video Exchange Club of Edmonton, Canada: * VH-1 Bee Gees Weekend (1989 Promo Story) * Bee Gees Spotlight (Canadian video) videos '60's to '90s * Rock of Europe 1989 * Fighting Back (England - 1992) interview with Maurice about his alcohol problem There is no e-mail address and no web page. Snail mail address is as follows: Judy Gogarty AG*BG Video Exchange Club 12717 - 116th Street Edmonton, Alberta Canada. T5E 5H1 Letters are sent to her and she will send a membership sheet to be filled out and signed. It is sent back to her and she sends you the order form with the complete list of all the video clips that she has available. There are hundreds to choice from, Poor to Excellent quality. Clips are to be checked off to fit a 2 hour tape. The cost to Canadian customers is $19.00 (in Canadian funds), which includes insured postage. New US prices: $16.00 US funds for each T120 includes regular postage. Overseas fans can write for details and for reduced transfer costs. No cheques accepted only money orders made out to JUDY GOGARTY. Orders take 3 weeks from the time it is received. Keep in mind that there may be delays. Holidays there is an additional delay of one week. She stresses to be patient. The price of transfer tapes from Europe are listed on the order form beside each tape. These tapes are sold as is and will not be changed or edited. Always check off an extra 15 minutes of clips in case one is not available. 3-01. What Bee Gees on-line resources are available? Well, the information age is providing a plethora of on-line goodies to Bee Gees fans these days. Most of these are available on the internet, a few others through subscriber-based on-line services such as America On-Line and CompuServe. Here is a basic overview of what you can expect to find... NEWS: If you want to read about the lastest goings on in the lives of the brothers Gibb and their fans, here are some resources are worth considering... alt.music.bee-gees is a USENET newsgroup. Ask your internet service provider how to access newsgroups if you're not familiar with it. Like most USENET newsgroups, alt.music.bee-gees is not moderated. This means that anyone can post whatever message they wish, regardless of whether it's kind, truthful, or even remotely related to the topic of the Bee Gees and their music. The alt.music.bee-gees newsgroup has become a magnet for all sorts of MAKE MONEY FA$T pyramid schemes and such these days, and could do with more fan participation. Unfortunately, exposing your e-mail address to a newsgroup such as alt.music.bee-gees can cause you to end up with tons of bulk e-mail in your mailbox, simply because the cyber-nitwits who send out such mailings harvest e-mail addresses from USENET newsgroups. This is one of the factors that has led to the much-decried "Decline and fall of USENET" in general. All things considered, however, alt.music.bee-gees is still a pretty good newsgroup. Mailing lists are a fine alternative to spam-ridden newsgroups, and there are two dedicated to the brothers Gibb, their music, and careers (and occasionally drifting off into topics of collectible Bee Gees lunchboxes, which Bee Gee has the cutest... uhhh... "eyes," etc.) The "Words" mailing list is a free e-mail subscriber service that has over 600 dedicated fans, and a daily output of between 30-50k of subscribers posts from around the globe. To subscribe, send an e-mail message to [email protected] with a blank subject line and the message: subscribe words [email protected] in the message body. Yes, that's right, where it says [email protected] substitute your e-mail address. A second mailing list, the "Spirits Having Flown" list, is also a free e-mail subscriber service, presently available only in digest form. To subscribe, send e-mail to [email protected] with the message: subscribe [email protected]/YOUR NAME HERE And, you got it, replace [email protected] with your e-mail address, and replace YOUR NAME HERE with your real name. THE WEB: On March 9th, 1997, the day before the UK release of "Still Waters", the Bee Gees made their official debut on the World Wide Web. The long awaited Official Bee Gees Web Experience, at http://www.beegees.net is also mentioned in the liner notes of the new CD. It is still relatively new to the net, but already is coming to life with biographical info, TV appearance schedules, and the official Bee Gees e-mail address, [email protected] This web site is growing rapidly, with appearance info, links to other sites, and a few official answers to questions raised in this FAQ as well! Mind you, no one web site can subsitute for the efforts of all fans. As Joe Brennan once observed, each fan does bring his own particular perspective on the Bee Gees to his own site, and in this sense each site, official or otherwise, is well worth viewing. So it is that, in addition to the offical site mentioned above, it is well worth paying a visit to the following... http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~brennan/beegees/ This is Joe Brennan's web site, which goes into exhaustive detail on pretty much every song the Bee Gees have ever recorded. Encyclopaedic in scope, his web page makes you start to realize just how little you knew about songs that never made it to the record racks. Now it even includes a comprehensive list of songs in alphabetical order! Great going, Joe! http://www.andygibb.org/ A remarkable tribute to Andy Gibb, the only soloist to have his first three singles hit number one -- this was no mere teen idol. The Official Andy Gibb Home Page features a well-written bio, album gifs, and information on the Andy Gibb Memorial Foundation. http://mv.ru/~eddy/bee.html What IS that line in "Stayin' Alive", oh, YOU know, that thing that goes "we can try to understand, the New York .......... on man?" Look it up here, at Eddy's lyrics page. You'll be surprised to discover how many songs you've been mishearing all these years. http://users.deltanet.com/~twograys/beegees.htm Kathy Gray has a lovely pictorial site here, with nice reprints of magazine articles, pics of the Bee Gees, fans' photos, contests, a collectors' corner (we will now pause to take a breath), real audio files, up-to-date TV info, a VERY active message board... essentially, we are talking about a Bee Gees theme park in cyberspace. Visit it now, before Six Flags takes it over! http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~iomvc/dpage.htm Speaking of theme parks, how about a Bee Gees museum? Of course, if it were up to me, we would just take over the Guggenheim, dispense with all those needless oil paintings, and start installing karaoke bars in the rotunda. I've been told that this is impractical, for reasons that elude me presently, so perhaps a museum on the Isle of Man -- the indisputable birthplace of the Bee Gees -- would be suitable. Think so? Stop by and share your thoughts with a few Manx fellows actively pursuing the idea... http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/main_course/media.htm Every time I listen to the new Bee Gees single "Alone", I remember how Sue Thompson blessed us all by providing .wav files of audio excerpts months before the song's release in the USA. http://www.scranton.com:2222/archive/b/bee_gees/ Greg Luther first brought this site to my attention, "a web site that has a few selected Bee Gees songs for guitar." And he's right, it is. In the new_york_mining_disaster.crd file Andrew Rogers explains how to play guitar chords like Barry does. I must say, those minor chords look a tad challenging. And a barre on the 10th fret for C major? Oy! Other artists are here too, just click on "Parent Directory" once or twice to view the list. As a failed guitar player, this is just the sort of thing I've been looking for. Thanks, Greg! http://chevytrucks.org/mrphilco/beegees.html Okay, you've got the cover to "Horizontal", and there's five guys there. Now, which one is Vince Melouney, and which one is Colin Peterson? Well, you may find GIFs of album covers elsewhere, but THIS site tells you who is who, provides catalog numbers and tells you about CD availability. Very good GIFs, too! In fact, I was so impressed with this site that I decided to help Ron "Mr. Philco" Ramirez scrounge up some more album covers -- so now the site is bigger than ever. It's nice to FINALLY have a place to send people looking for Bee Gees album GIFs. Keep up the good work, Mr. Philco! http://www.polydor.com/polydor/artists/beegees/splash.html Well, we've been waiting for it, and now here it is: the Bee Gees page on the web site of Polydor, their record label. Among the features are a nice biography, although it curiously ends in 1977, tour dates (none available at the present time), and excerpts from the Bee Gees Electronic Press Kit (6.9 Megs of Quick Time Video. You may wish to go mow the lawn while downloading...). Also features a 30 second clip from the "Alone" video, and realaudio and .wav files of song excerpts from the "Still Waters" album. All in all, enough to keep the file download portion of your internet software busy for awhile. Make space on your hard drive... http://www.imperium.net/~alandail/BeeGees.html Alan Dail's site has a lot of text, and a sort of down-to-business look to it that I find appealing. There are links: links to the UK album chart, links to radio station request lines, and links to the Internet Singles Chart voting site (you HAVE voted, haven't you?). Check often for new radio info! http://www.bgwoc.org/ Diane Weidenkopf's Wind of Change site has nice newspaper and magazine articles on the Bee Gees. Other goodies too! If you're curious about Bee Gees bootlegs, for example, you can read about them here. Not BUY them, mind you, but READ about them (of course!). Great site! http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Club/7434/index.html Joan Furilla brings us Joan's Wonderful Bee Gees Page, the home of Name that Bee Gees Song, one of those things on the internet that can easily make me forget that I have responsiblities and shouldn't spend hours being so totally distracted... http://www.toptown.com/CENTRALPARK/carncom/beegees/central.htm Jan Carnell's Bee Gees Back Chat is back, after a brief absence. And due to its overwhelming popularity, it has moved to a new location. Please note the above URL in your bookmarks! One of my favorite parts about it is the .wav to the song "Just in Case", not yet released anywhere in any form, except for this composition in progress on the Keppel Road video. Nice pictures, too! http://members.aol.com/bgfan/gc/index.html Amy on America On-line has put together this web site, which provides a nice combination of Bee Gees buy/sell ads and Macintosh evangelism ("Don't give in to the dark side", she warns. Well, of COURSE not! I use OS/2...). Past offerings listed have included Bee Gees "Sgt. Pepper" bubble gum cards! Yes, right, very good web site, one that is worth checking, especially if you're still looking for that Maurice Gibb lunchbox to complete your collection! http://muellner.simplenet.com/groove/lexicon/beegees/albums.htm Mr. Udo Muellner has a Bee Gees discography on his web site. Actually, it looks a lot like my FAQ discography too, except that his is easier to read, includes a comprehensive singles discography as well and predates mine by half a year. And look at this, he subscribes to CompuServe too! Well, it's true then, great minds think alike! Other sites... Suffice it to say, you don't have to speak English to appreciate the Bee Gees. Since my capabilities in foreign languages remain somewhat limited, I will not attempt to review these, but if you speak the language, by all means stop by and have a look! Bee Gees Fan Club - Argentina [In Spanish]: http://free.websight.com/BGFC_ARG/ Bee Gees Fan Club - Japan [In Japanese]: http://village.infoweb.or.jp/~fwhw3700/bgsfcjp_index.htm Polydor - Japan [In Japanese]: http://www.polydor.co.jp/music/intl/beegees/ Note: if you want to show the Japanese sites to someone who can read Japanese, be sure to download a Japanese-enabled web browser such as Tabibito (for Windows 95), available at http://www.japancan.com Don't forget, there are many more Bee Gees sites out there. Be sure to pass the word on so that we can include them in the next FAQ. Happy net-surfing! CHAT: For those who find internet chat to be even better when the topic is the Bee Gees, consider the IRC channel #bee-gees where Gibb fans meet on the XWorld server. Open for your chatting pleasure on Sundays 7pm Eastern, Tuesdays and Thursdays 8pm Eastern. (Note to those abroad: Eastern is the same as "New York time," check your handy world clock. You DO have a handy world clock, or course?) Special thanks to chat operator Martha Irwin for this helpful info, and for also suggesting that newbies in need of killer chat apps consider mIRC shareware chat software, easily obtained on-line by visiting www.mirc.co.uk. COMMERCIAL ON-LINE SERVICES: In other words, AOL and Compu$erve. Please remember, you have to JOIN THESE SERVICES to take advantage of their propriatery resources. Unlike other internet thingies, you can't just point to your web browser here and expect it to suddenly cough up CompuServe fan club forums -- although it is rumored that CompuServe may eventually make forums available to non-subscribers on the internet as a pay-per-use feature... America On-Line: Well, alright, you've endured twenty-five consecutive busy signals, modem initialization errors and cyber-bales of junk e-mail and now you want to get up to speed on the Bee Gees. Just pay a visit to the People Connection. In the "Arts and Entertainment" area a Bee Gees channel is available for your chat- room pleasure on Wednesday nights at 9:30 PM, Eastern Standard Time (New York time). Kathy Gray also urges me to "include information on the Bee Gees bulletin boards available on AOL. To get there, use Keyword: MMC (to get to the Music Message Center), then click on 'Artists A - F,' then click on 'Bee Gees.'" Thanks, Kathy! CompuServe: Just use the CompuServe GO command to GO BEEGEES (WINCIM users, click the stoplight icon and type BEEGEES in the dialog box). This will place you in the Fan Club B forum, which has a section dedicated to the Bee Gees, including a messages area and file library. Among the items in the library are JPEGS and GIFS of album covers and promotional photos. You can also find several text files in the library, including a recent CompuServe conference with John Merchant of Middle Ear studio. In addition to the Fan Club forum, you can access other CompuServe goodies to keep you informed on Bee Gee bulletins and album info. * GO POLYGRAM takes you to the Polygram CompuServe site, which gives album release info. There was a nice site for the Bee Gees under April releases, despite the fact that nothing was released in April... * GO ALLMUSIC takes you to the All-Music Guide, where you can look up such things as the catalog numbers for albums of those Latin pop duos that Barry keeps singing with (see FAQ part 2) and all available covers of Gibb composition "Gilbert Green" (one, so far). * CompuServe's Executive News Service enables you to get press releases and other wire service articles selected for your perusal. Follow the instructions in the Executive News Service, and use as news search keywords BEE GEES, BARRY GIBB, ROBIN GIBB, MAURICE GIBB and ANDY GIBB. If you like, you can also create a second news folder with the keywords ROBERT STIGWOOD, POLYDOR, ARIF MARDIN, KARL RICHARDSON, ALBHY GALUTEN or whatever. The Executive News Service carries with it per-minute charges IN ADDITION TO CompuServe's usual exorbitant hourly rates. So read the help file on charges and usage carefully, and for crying out loud, DON'T GET UP FOR A CUP OF COFFEE while logged on to the Executive News Service! You've been warned... 4-01. What is a FAQ? A. Well, THIS is a FAQ. In a broader sense, a FAQ is a list of answers to Frequently Asked Questions (and thus the acronym). It is a fairly common thing to find on USENET newsgroups, and it serves the purpose of providing answers to the questions most likely to be asked by those who are new to the group. This way, they can quickly get up to speed and deal with the more esoteric questions, etc. On USENET, FAQs are posted to news.answers and the newsgroup to which the FAQ relates. This FAQ is posted to news.answers and alt.music.bee-gees on the 25th of each month. The most recent version of the FAQ is always available by ftp at: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/alt.music.bee-gees/ and on the world wide web at: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/music/beegees-faq/ If you wish to reprint all or part of this FAQ on your web site or fan club newsletter, please write to the FAQ maintainer, David Garcia, at [email protected] 4-02. Whatever happened to...? A. Here are some followups on several people who have been asked about from time to time... ANDY GIBB - Younger brother Andy Gibb passed away on March 10th, 1988. The Andy Gibb Memorial Foundation was started by his brothers to carry on his memory. At some point, I would like to see an Andy Gibb FAQ posted here too. I don't know as much about Andy as some of our mailing list subscribers do, and I'm sure that there are those who could do better at it than me. It seems inappropriate to let him be merely a footnote to this FAQ, and I look forward to seeing the Andy Gibb FAQ someday soon. In the meantime, be sure to visit the official Andy Gibb web page, http://www.andygibb.org/ ROBERT STIGWOOD - As Joe Brennan once said, it would seem that the relationship between Robert and the Bee Gees is a complex one. While they had their share of legal battles in 1981, the brothers still look upon Robert as their mentor, and said as much at the Brit Awards this year. Barry also asked Robert Stigwood to accept the award on stage with them. Among Robert's recent acheviements are the movie "Evita" and the new stage musical "Saturday Night Fever". A Bee Gees connection in each of these: Back in the seventies, Barry was being considered for the role of Che Guevara in the film "Evita", but lost out due to the misfortune of two decades of delays. And, the Bee Gees have written a new song, "Immortality", for the "Fever" musical, which is opened in London in May of 1998. BILL SHEPHERD - When recently asked about him on the "Words" mailing list, Renee mentioned that Bill passed away some years ago. Bill, as you recall, did the orchestrations for the early Bee Gees albums, and it could be said that he had a lot to do with the lush sound of those albums as well. He was also one of their producers in the Australian days. ALBHY GALUTEN AND KARL RICHARDSON - In much the same way that Bill Shepherd helped to sculpt the sound of the early Bee Gees albums,Albhy and Karl had a lot to do with the sound of the "helium years". I had a press release from MCA about one of these two a few months back, talking about work with CD-ROMs. According to an article Joey Spain recently forwarded, it appears to be Albhy, who is now VP of interactive programming for MCA Music Entertainment. Thanks, Joey! ARIF MARDIN - Arif produced three albums with the Bee Gees: "Mr. Natural", "Main Course", and "E.S.P.". He also produced two songs on the new "Still Waters" CD: "I Will" and "Obsessions". On December 17th 1996, the New York Post reported that, after 33 years with Atlantic Records, Arif has signed a "long-term deal" to stay with the company. It also notes that in 1990 he was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. He won his sixth Grammy award earlier this year for his work on "Smokey Joe's Cafe -- The Songs of Leiber and Stoller" from the hit Broadway play. His previous Grammy awards include Producer of the Year in 1975 and for co-producing the soundtrack for "Saturday Night Fever" in 1978, according to the Post. GUMMO GIBB - Joe Brennan writes... Apparently Hugh and Barbara were big Marx brothers fans, and started off naming their boys after them in order. Luckily for the others, by the time the second boy came along, Gummo was old enough to be attending school and taking quite a bit of teasing about his name, and they decided to name the second boy Barry. The parallels would have been uncanny. It was the middle three brothers who performed together and achieved the greatest fame, and consider even the personalities involved: Chico, the one who gets the girls; Harpo, the best musician and whose voice you rarely hear; and Groucho, the one known for his wordplay. And then even little Zeppo would have been the young handsome brother. But it was not to be. The real reason for the family's move to Australia was not the alleged arson incidents, but for the sake of poor Gummo, who needed to start a new life where his name was less known. Living out an eerie parallel, Gummo left show business early in the family's career and was never captured on film performing with them. He is said to be a travelling sheepshearer in Queensland, keeping to himself and never revealing his first name, going only by "Gibb... just call me Gibb". At his request, only his feet are shown in the drawing in the "Legend" book, and not even an animal parody of his face is provided. He is not mentioned in the autobiography of the group, and if you ask any of the family about him today, they will deny his existence, mainly because I have made all of this up. SUNNY JIM - In their authorized biography, the Bee Gees mention that they often did little comedy skits about Sunny Jim as a way of warming up before recording in the studio -- "Sunny Jim in the Arctic", etc. Sunny Jim is also among those given thanks in the liner notes of the "Children of the World" CD. Of course, all this you hear about Sunny Jim action figures, and Rankin/Bass yuletide productions of "The Adventures of Sunny Jim" with the composition "What's That on the Floor, Sunny Jim, Sunny Jim", is nothing more than groundless rumor. Ignore it. Please. 4-03. Will the Bee Gees ever perform live again? A. They already have. In October of 1996, a surprise appearance of the Bee Gees introduced the VH-1 Fashion Awards special. The warm reception they received showed that, while "Stayin' Alive" may be derided by anti-disco critics, it still enjoys huge popularity with the listening public. Another recent performance, although a brief one (and troubled with a water-logged mixing board -- outdoors on a rainy morning), took place at Rockefeller Center in June 1997, as part of the Today show's Friday summer concert series. But of course, the highlight of recent performances has to be the "one night only" event in Las Vegas in November 1997. This has since been shown in the US on pay-per-view and HBO, and is now starting to appear on television broadcasts worldwide -- most recently, on BBC Television. Plans are in the works presently for more "one-night-only" performances in Ireland, London's Wembley Stadium, and other venues in South America, Africa, and Australia. For the lastest news and ticket info, be sure to check http://www.beegees.net (and your local travel agent...) 4-04. Will "Still Waters" be their last album? A. They have stated previously that, as long as their fans want to hear them, they will be happy to keep making albums. Does this mean they will keep going on forever? Well, in recent interviews Barry has suggested some reluctance at touring past the age of 55, but hopefully that doesn't rule out doing more albums. Of course, this is a man who was talking about retirement back in 1979.... No matter what the future holds, chances are the Bee Gees will never leave the music business entirely. An interview on "Oprah" revealed that they intend to work with Barbra Streisand again. Also, a recent USA Today article mentioned that the Bee Gees may at some point start their own record label, and give new artists a chance to launch their careers. Great news! Now, where did I put my box of demo tapes? ;-) 4-05. What is the Bee Gees' e-mail address? A. The address given on the Official Bee Gees Web Experience is... [email protected] Of course, this doesn't answer the question of who actually clicks on the "Get New Mail" icon to read the mail sent to this address, or to what extent the Bee Gees read e-mail sent there. But this is the e-mail address given to fans on the Official Bee Gees Web Experience. Speaking of the internet, are there Bee Gees in cyberspace? Well, word has it that Maurice, a Macintosh enthisiast, has surfed the net on occasion, but as far as I know Barry and Robin have not yet ventured onto the information superhighway. And as an aside to Maurice, if you're reading this, please... what does "I.O.I.O." mean? ;-) 4-06. Who is Renee Schreiber? A. Renee is the Bee Gees' designated liasion with various recognized Bee Gees fan clubs worldwide (as it happens, there is no "official" Bee Gees fan club at the present time, and some locales may have more than one "recognized but unofficial" fan club, as well as some which may or may not be in various stages of Gibb acknowledgement. Complicated stuff, these fan clubs!). Renee is also administrator of the official Bee Gees and Andy Gibb web sites. Additionally, Renee assists Beverly Burke with the editing of the BGQ fan club newsletter, and often gives up-to-date media info and other helpful guidance to fans in cyberspace. Renee can be reached by e-mail at [email protected] and by snail-mail at the address below. The liner notes of the "Still Waters" album, by the way, suggest that fans seeking fan club info write to: Bee Gees Fan Club Info 20505 US 19 N. Suite #12-290 Clearwater, FL 34624 U.S.A. For information and a list of clubs, send a self-addressed stamped envelope. Outside the U.S., along with your self-addressed envelope, please include post office-marked IRCs with your self-addressed envelope. 4-07. What is this rumor about missing lyrics to the song "Rings Around the Moon"? A. Well, while the song "Rings Around the Moon" has been relegated to "b-side rarity" status elsewhere in the world, in Japan it is a bonus track on the "Still Waters" CD. And the lyric sheet has the words to the song there, but it includes an extra verse that doesn't appear in the recording! Here is the missing verse, provided by Joseph Yellin... If you let me hide In the corner of your soul I will cherish you forever I will keep you from the cold And you know from the start I will never break your heart 4-08. When will the Bee Gees make a Christmas album (and/or country album, "unplugged" album, etc.)? A. Not for a very long time, from the sound of things. However, if you're looking for an "unplugged" album in particular, the mini-CD of the "Storytellers" performance may be of interest to you. It was, at one point, available as an add-on to the "Still Waters" CD at Target stores in the US. Perhaps these songs may appear in other forms elsewhere in the future; then again, maybe not. So far, the closest they've come to a Christmas album has been a rare performance of "Silent Night" on an old fan club release some years back. The requests by fans for a Christmas album have been many, but the brothers have maintained that they just aren't into Christmas albums. On the other hand, we now have the track "Miracles Happen" on the "Still Waters" CD. This song was originally written for the movie remake of "Miracle on 34th Street". Not exactly "Have a Holly Jolly Christmas with the Bee Gees", but it's a start, right? ;-) 4-09. Who decides whether rarities are released? Any chance that some unreleased tracks will be made available? A. It's an interesting situation. All music recorded by the brothers Gibb since 1967 remains under their own control, and nothing can be released without their approval. Not too many artists are blessed with such circumstances. Witness the contractual stuggles that "o+" (the artist formerly known as Prince) and George Michael have gone through. Some performers -- Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull, and the late Frank Zappa, to name two -- have made a point of getting as many rarities out there as possible, both to appease die-hard fans and to beat bootleggers at their own game. The Bee Gees, by contrast, have chosen to keep their unreleased tracks unreleased. There's certainly enough material in the archives to work with, if they so chose. In 1973, Atlantic records shelved Bee Gees album "A Kick in the Head is Worth Eight in the Pants" shortly before its scheduled release. All three brothers have abandoned at least one solo album each. And more than one Bee Gees studio LP has left behind extra songs on the storage reels. Also, let's not forget several albums worth of songs written for other artists. Virtually all of these tracks began as demos with one or more brothers singing. In addition, if they wanted to go the route the remaining Beatles have gone, they could mine the vaults of the BBC and countless other radio and television performances. Finally, there's at least a few demos and unreleased songs by Andy that remain withheld. Some of these items have been made available on bootleg CDs, put out by underground outfits such as Ladybird and Brothers Gibb Records. Among these have been the "Kick in the Head" album, both early and recent live performances, solo works and leftover songs from the "Hawks" soundtrack. Unfortunately, recent crackdowns in the US by Customs and FBI officials have made these even harder to find than ever. Ironically, sixty songs from the brothers' Australian years have been sold -- legally -- with maniacal enthusiasm around the world. One song, "I Was a Lover, a Leader of Men", has been released on ten seperate albums! Festival Records has been licensing these songs worldwide successfully simply because the Bee Gees have no creative control over their Australian recordings of 1963-1966. (Now, if only the brothers would turn over the Middle Ear Studio vaults to the troops at Festival, they could give bootleggers a good run for their money...) 4-10. What kind of tuning does Barry use on his guitar? A. The tuning is what he calls a "Hawaiian" tuning, consisting of guitar strings tuned as follows (from lowest note to highest note...) D A D F# A D Thanks to Greg Luther for tracking this down on "a web site that has a few selected Bee Gees songs for guitar." The address of that web site: http://www.scranton.com:2222/archive/b/bee_gees/ Maurice, incidentally, uses standard guitar tuning. I like it that way -- the contrast between the two guitars came out very nicely on songs such as "Come Home Johnny Bride" and on their medleys on the "Midnight Special" TV appearances. 4-11. How tall are the Bee Gees? A. I was surprised to discover how hard it's been to get an answer to this one! Even the "official" reports have changed over the years, and differ substantially from guesses hazarded by fans who have met them and posed for photos with them. I was hopeful that the Official Bee Gees Web Experience would settle the matter once and for all, but now I see that they use the very same estimates that I've always been using. Good heavens, doesn't SOMEBODY have a tape measure over there? Anyway, fans estimates have been as follows: Barry: between 5' 10" and 6' 1" Robin: between 5' 8" and 5' 11" Maurice: between 5' 6" and 5' 9" Further, it is interesting to note that the Official Bee Gees Web Experience lists Andy as having been between 5' 7" and 5' 9" in height. 4-12. Are any of the Gibb brothers left-handed? A. Barry is. Andy was too. 4-13. When are their families' birthdays and anniversaries? A. Thanks to Lynn Lyda and Bette Hanson for their help with the following... Barry Alan Crompton Gibb and his family Barry and Linda Gibb married Sept 1, 1970 (his 2nd marriage) Barry's Birthday: Sept 1, 1946 Linda's Birthday: May 11, 1950 children's birthdays... Stephen Gibb: Dec 1, 1973 Ashley Gibb: Sept 8, 1977 Travis Gibb: Jan 10, 1981 Michael Gibb: Dec 1, 1984 Alexandra Gibb: Dec 29, 1991 Robin Hugh Gibb and his family Robin and Dwina Gibb married Jul 31, 1985 (his 2nd marriage) Robin's Birthday: Dec 22, 1949 Dwina's Birthday: Dec 22, 1952 children's birthdays... Spencer Gibb: Sept 21,1972 Melissa Gibb: Jun 17, 1974 Robin John Gibb: Jan 21, 1983 Maurice Ernest Gibb and his family Maurice and Yvonne Gibb married Oct 17, 1975 (his 2nd marriage) renewed wedding vows Feb 23, 1992 Maurice's Birthday Dec 22, 1949 Yvonne's Birthday: Sept 24,1950 children's birthdays... Adam Gibb: Feb 23, 1976 Samantha Gibb: Jul 2, 1980 Additional days and anniversaries: January 12, 1945 Leslie Gibb (sister) January 25, 1978 Peta Gibb (Andy's daughter) September 29,19-- Berry Gibb-Rhodes (Leslie's daughter) November 17, 19-- Barbara Gibb (mother) Andy Gibb was born March 5, 1958 and died March 10, 1988 Hugh Gibb was born January 15, 1916 and died March 6, 1992 4-14. Who is older, Robin or Maurice? A. Although they are twins (and thus born on the same day, December 22nd), Robin was born first. 4-15. What's on the list of forthcoming events? A. For the latest info, be sure to check the Official Bee Gees Web Experience, at: http://www.beegees.net Also, for televised events, a good source of up-to-date information is RockonTV, a free e-mail subscriber service that let's you know who will be appearing and/or performing on US television in the week to come. "BG Pixie" CBolitiski describes it as follows: "RockonTV is great cuz they post appearances on all sorts of variety/talk shows, VH1, MTV, and other. They generally post two notices during the week, one in time for week-end events and then one for the entire week to come. To get the e-mail delivery of RockonTV send an e-mail message with the words "subscribe" in the subject area to [email protected]. Now we can all watch for the Brothers at the same time. Happy Screening!" Joey Spain adds the following... "You need not actually 'subscribe' to the notice list to receive the information they offer. They have a WWW site with the same content, and more at: http://www.satchmo.com/rockontv/rocknext.html 4-16. Where can I find the lyrics to...? A. This question has both a short answer and a long answer. First the long answer, which is... nowhere. Now, you might take issue with this, and say that lyrics are easily obtained in sheet music, in songbooks, even on lyric sheets that come with the CDs. But, quite simply, these sources are by no means guaranteed to be accurate. Take, for example, the song "Alone Again" from the "Two Years On" album. The sheet music anthology "Bee Gees Complete, Vol. 2", cites the phrase "I'm an abandoned train," However, another songbook lists the same phrase as "I'm on a bound down train." Which is correct? As for the lyric sheets on the CDs, let's look at the "High Civilization" CD. For the song "Secret Love", we see the phrase "I'd follow anywhere to make you happy." But listen to the CD, and it's OBVIOUS that Barry is singing "I'd follow anywhere to make it happen." So, why not ask the Bee Gees themselves? It's a thought, of course. But what about the song "Jive Talkin'?" On the "Main Course" CD Barry clearly sings "You'll never know / just what you mean to me." But in concert -- for example, the Melbourne concert on the "All For One" video -- he sings "You'll never know / just what you've done to me." For a while I thought this just might be the NEW official lyric, but then on VH-1's "Storytellers" Barry reverted back to "what you mean to me". Such is songwriting. Now for the short answer. An exhaustive anthology of Bee Gee lyrics can be found at... http://mv.ru/~eddy/bee.html 4-17. Have any books been written about the Bee Gees or Andy Gibb? A. Well, some have in years past, but my understanding is that they are pretty much out-of-print now. So, check your local used book store for any of the following titles (as supplied by Kathy Gray...) 1) "The Legend" Written by David English - Illustrations by Alex Brychta - Nov. 1979 - The Legend Company. (This is truly a priceless find. A cartoon-illustrated biography of the Bee Gees which portrays Barry as "Lionheart," Robin as the "Red Setter" and Maurice as an "Eager Beaver." Yes, it's worth having just for this. The book is hard to find, but worth the effort. Available as a large paperback, but if you're lucky enough to find one of the very few (extremely rare) large hardcover editions with the red cover, you're quite lucky indeed. The Bros. had those printed up specially just for family members and friends). 2) "The Authorized Biography" Written by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb as told to David Leaf - 1979 - Dell Publishing (This book is also elusive, but it's out there, folks! If you're lucky enough to find a copy of this large hardcover book, you'll be treated to many enjoying (and some surprising) anecdotes about the Gibb Family and the Bros' rise to stardom. Includes many, many, original photos and a large, full color foldout poster. The same book can also be found with the same cover, but in a smaller paperback version). 3) "The Bee Gees" Written by Kim Stevens- 1978 - Quick Fox (This is a large paperback with a photo of the Bee Gees dressed in full Sgt. Pepper regalia on the front (headshots only) - 92 pages with many photos) 4) "The Bee Gees" Written by Kim Stevens - 1978 - Scholastic Book Services (This is a small paperback of the above book but by a different publisher. The cover is a brownish/orange color with a photo of the Bee Gees - 109 pages) 5) "The Bee Gees - a Photo-Bio" Written by Kim Stevens - 1978 - Jove (This is the exact same book as the "Bee Gees" by Kim Stevens, but in a small paperback version with a different cover of the Bros. in Sgt. Pepper regalia. - 192 pages). 6) "The Bee Gees" by Larry Pryce - 1980 - Chelsea House (This small paperback book features a black cover with the words "The Bee Gees" in hot pink lettering on the front - A biography, including an album discography and a few photos - 139 pages). 7) "The Bee Gees" by Craig Schumacher - 1979 - Creative Education (This small, thin blue paperback book features a cover photo of the Bros. from the old Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid film lot while filming the "Stayin Alive" video. Includes several photos and a rather brief (considering the size of the other bios) biography - 32 pages). 8) "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" - by Henry Edwards - 1978 - Pocket Books (The small paperback book from the movie - includes many photos from the shooting of the film). 9) "The Bee Gees 1" and "The Bee Gees 2" - Chatty Books, The Netherlands (These are two very tiny hardcover books from the Netherlands with different covers on each. Each book is approx. 125 pages long and written in the native language - includes many song lyrics written in English). 10) "The Official Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Heart's Club Band Scrapbook, Collector's Edition" - Written by Robert Stigwood and Dee Anthony - 1978 - Pocket Books (This is a large paperback book featuring a cover photo of the Bee Gees and Peter Frampton from the movie of the same name - includes many color and B/W photos of the filming of the movie - 80 pages) 11) "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" - Official Programme - 1978 - Robert Stigwood Group, Ltd. (This is the official programme (large paperback) from the movie and is special in that it includes a 33 1/3 rpm mylar record - it's written in "playbill" format with biographies of the actors, including the Bee Gees, etc.) 12) "Andy Gibb" - Written by Connie Berman and Marsha Daly - 1979 - Xerox Corp. (This small paperback book features a nice cover photo of Andy, a biography and several photos - 122 pages). Thanks, Kathy, for your hard work at digging up this info! 4-18. Where can I order a CD of...? A. Fans have found various Bee Gees CDs (including imports and rare items) at many of the following places. Please understand, not all outlets carry all items, so compare and evaluate...) http://www.musicexpress.com/ Phongsak Suppattarachai of Thailand found "Living Eyes" here, and says orders take about one month to deliver. Also, Helio Takahashi mentions seeing the astonishingly rare "Runaway" CD by Carola here at $19.75! http://www.musicshop.co.uk Park Duk-Hyeon recently found the new single "Alone" through this service. The order arrived just a few days after the single's release halfway around the world. Pretty fast delivery! Doug Wilson also recently found his "Still Waters" CD here. telnet://cdeurope.com http://www.cdeurope.com CDEurope has a nice database format for those who prefer telnet to www; they also have their own BBS. Phongsak Suppattarachai recently discovered "The Bunbury Tails" here! http://www.cdconnection.com Phongsak Suppattarachai says that he's seen the UK "Alone" single here. Sounds worth checking out. Tower Records: (800) ASK-TOWER This number will give you the location of the Tower Records store nearest you (based on your zip code). Personally, I wish it would give the location of the LARGEST Tower Records store nearest me -- that would be more useful. Thanks to Marty for this number, and for the number of Tower Records' Kingston store in London: 011 44 171 439 2500. I called them, and the clerk cheerfully confirms that desperate Yanks can order their UK singles and albums by phone. Thanks, Marty! Take Notes Records: (800) 650-3472. At Marty's suggestion, I gave them a call. It sounds like a one- man operation, and at the time I called the one man was out having lunch, but it does seem to at least be the right number. Give it a try... Golden Treasures: (501) 795-4209. According to Kathy Gray, the "Birth of Brilliance" CD can be found here for a mere $29. Mailing address: Golden Treasures PO Box 601 Bentonville AR 72712 HMV Records, Herald Square, NYC Located on 34th and Broadway (across from Macy's). They almost always seem to have a copy of the "Living Eyes" CD there on the shelves, and it's a reasonably priced $28.99 for the Japanese import. Last week they had four! Their collection of imports is astonishing, and both Tom Fini and I are starting to question the import manager's claims of impartiality toward the Bee Gees. After all, who but a true fan would stock Japanese mini-CDs of the "Melody Fair" Subaru commercial? Virgin Megastore, 45th and Broadway, NYC The place bears a striking resemblance to Pizza Planet in the animated classic "Toy Story". Certainly NYC's REDDEST neon-lit CD shop. An entire import section is down in the basement. Pricier than HMV, but chances are if you can't find something at HMV, you may quite possibly find it here. And surely THAT'S good to know... For those passing through Singapore (a major transit stop in the Far East, and a pleasant one too!), Karen Liew suggests making a stop at the following shops on Orchard Road, "the ONLY place to shop in Singapore "... Chua Joo Huat 14 Scotts Road #03-22 Far East Plaza Singapore 228213 Tel.: (65) 7360621 Fax.: (65) 2351330 Disc Domain (branch of Chua Joo Huat) 6 Raffles Boulevard #03-134 Marina Square Singapore 039594 Tel.: (65) 3343168 Fax.: (65) 3347134 Supreme Compact Disc Far East Plaza 14 Scotts Road #03-14 Tel.: (65) 7325432 [most of the hard-to-find CDs and cassettes from the 1969-1973 period are here.] Tower Records Pacific Plaza 9 Scotts Road #04-00 [has the Warner catalog of CDs that are out of print in the US -- both the European and US versions!] Tel.: (65) 7353600, (65) 7353487 Fax: (65) 7348762 Thanks, Karen! 4-19. Any fan get togethers planned for the near future? A. There are occasional get-togethers in Miami, but I don't know of any scheduled at present. Local get-togethers often take place in other parts of the fan community. Check with the mailing lists for details... 4-20. What interviews have appeared in newspapers or magazines lately? A. Kathy Gray has done a splendid job of providing a list of recent published articles at her "Bee Gees Pictorial" web site, http://users.deltanet.com/~twograys/beegees.htm and I personally would suggest checking here at least once or twice a week, before heading off to the newsstand. Here is a recent listing from her site... 2/15/97: Billboard Magazine 2/27/97: Daily Record (UK) 3/1/97: Daily Express (UK) 3/1/97: Music Week (UK) 3/1/97: Film and TV Week (UK) 3/1/97: Times (UK) 3/1/97: TV Quick (UK) 3/1/97: TV Times (UK) 3/1/97: What's On TV (UK) 3/2/97: OK Magazine (UK) 3/2/97: The Observer Review (UK) 3/2/97: Sunday People (UK) 3/2/97: Mail on Sunday (UK) 3/2/97: Sunday Telegraph (UK) 3/3/97: Here (UK) 3/8/97: Music Week (UK) 3/12/97: The Sun (UK) 3/13/97: Swiss Magazine 4/97: Q Magazine (UK) 5/97: ELLE Magazine 4/97: DAS NEUE Magazine 5/6/97: USA Today 5/26/97: People Magazine "Still Waters Review" 5/97 Entertainment Weekly 5/29/97 Rolling Stone Magazine 6/97 People Magazine Thanks, Kathy! 4-21. Where can I find Maurice Gibb lunchboxes and other Bee Gees memoribilia? A. Have you tried Maurice's garage? Just kidding. Given that most official Gibb-related merchandise dates back to 1979 or so, you're not likely to find much on the shelves of Wal-Mart or your local Target store. No, for this, a little effort shall be required. If you're at Times Square, and Pepe doesn't have his open briefcase of Bee Gee belt buckles on the subway platform (lately Pepe's been straying over to Hanson keychains), you can always try The Colony, on 49th and Broadway, in the historic Brill Building. Their slogan is "I found it at the Colony!" I've heard fans suggest other slogans, with regard to the price tags one finds when one finds it at the Colony. Admittedly, The Colony does tend to be geared toward the die-hard fan with more disposable income than will-power. Believe me, I've seen it happen. Lunchboxes, jigsaw puzzles, Andy Gibb dolls -- people have left that place in tears. As a non-collector, I just think of it as another of New York City's well-stocked museums. After all, I don't think about how much the Van Goghs cost at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, right? In any case, enter at your own risk: you just might end up buying something that you're not quite prepared to explain to your spouse... Then there's the auctions. No, not Sotheby's, and not Hank's Saturday Afternoon Auctions in Gilbert, Iowa. This is the age of cyberspace, and the best auctions can be found with a click of the mouse. You could start with ebay, at http://pages.ebay.com/aw/index.html on the world wide web. Type "Bee Gees" in the search dialog box, and you will likely find between 40 and 60 items up for sale. Make your bid, and when the auction closes, within a week after it started, you may or may not find yourself with a delightful little bargain. Details are explained in the ebay help file, or you can just e-mail the persons selling the items for more details. If it's out there, chances are one of these days you'll see it for sale at ebay... Among items to keep an eye out for: * Bee Gee lunchboxes. As seen on the Rosie O'Donnell show, three different ones, a Barry, a Robin, and a Maurice. Pay no mind to the lurid discussions regarding Robin's trousers on the photo... * Andy Gibb doll. I saw this at the Colony. Given my attitude on dolls -- and this is no "action figure," this is a DOLL, make no mistake -- I'll refrain from offering my opinion here. But I hear it's a very popular item. * Bee Gees musical keyboard. Makes sounds almost entirely unlike anything heard on any Bee Gee recording or demo (except possibly the Ocean Drive Mix of "Paying the Price of Love"), but has that cool Bee Gees logo and a nice photo on the box (make sure you get the box with it). * Bee Gees Jigsaw Puzzle. It's a jigsaw puzzle, with a Bee Gees picture on it. There are stories I could tell, but I am sworn to secrecy. 4-22. Save me, save me! The Bee Gees are just another one of my obsessions, but she says it's tearing my world apart, and if I only had my mind on something else, I could dedicate my life to something new. Where do I stand? I look like a happy man, but how hopelessly I'm lost! I have just myself to blame, it seems. Where do I go from here? A. If I understand correctly, your question is, "how can I tell if I'm overly obsessed with the music and the careers of the brothers Gibb?" Well, over quoting of song lyrics is one sure sign; e-mailing the FAQ Maintainer to check the sources of quotes in the above question is yet another. By way of reply, we have this helpful ten-point checklist, provided by Diane Weidenkopf at her web-site: http://www.bgwoc.org/ Here is her list of signs to watch out for (or strive for...): Top 10 Warning Signs you are obsessed with The Bee Gees: 10. You have 100 video tapes and every one has some Bee Gees related clip on them. 9. You seriously think of naming your first born Barry. 8. You are willing to rent "Grumpy Old Men" just for the "Staying Alive" part. 7. You always check the Bee Gees section at the record store, hoping against all hope there will be some unknown Bee Gees album you missed. 6. You declare Sept. 1st and Dec. 22nd holidays, take off from work and have a cake with the number of candles since the first Australian record was released. 5. Your goal in life is to fill your 100 disc changer with nothing but Bee Gees (and you feel inadequate because you only have 32 discs). 4. You can find redeeming qualities in the Sgt. Pepper Movie. 3. You keep buying Bee Gees vinyl even though you no longer own a turntable. 2. You find yourself defending your CD collection to people. They just don't understand that you NEED that European import of "One" (when you already have the U.S.version) because it has ONE EXTRA SONG! 1. You break up with a boyfriend/girlfriend because he/she tells you (the next day) that a TV show had a clip about the Bee Gees yesterday and he/she thought about telling you but didn't know if you'd be interested. Thanks, Diane, for this remarkable insight. But I have to admit, none of these seem like a problem to me! ;-) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Responses to FAQ: Send responses and comments to David Garcia at [email protected] or post to the mailing lists if you are a subscriber. Special thanks to the following for their kind assistance in producing this FAQ: Renee Schreiber, Joe Brennan, Chris Mathis, Bette Hanson, Lynn Lyda, Antonette Daniar, Jill Thompson, "Imran C.", Joey Spain, Ed Vlasov, Melody Ishiwata, "Kevin M.", Doug "Doug in MO" Shannon, Jimmy Wade, Goran Gustafsson, Juan Perea, Grant Walters, "Tony", "Mike", Lucas Broer, Joel K. Ashby, "Di", Marty Hogan, Rhonda J. Platania, Anne Simpson, Al Collum III, Elliott A. Jacobowitz, Sue Thompson, Kathy Gray and her friend in France, Ruth Burcaw, "BG Pixie" CBolitiski, Ann M. Richardson, Marcel Troost, Daniel Navarro, Doug "Doug in TX" Wilson, Phongsak Suppattarachai, "Marion from (today's climate here) Germany", Colin Harris, Greg Luther, Helio Takahashi, Douwe Dijkstra, Diane Weidenkopf, Robert Phan, Karen Liew, Ron Ramirez, Jay Siekierski, Alan Dail, Joan Furilla, Jan Carnell, "Amy on AOL", Udo Muellner, Park Duk-Hyeon, Joseph Yellin, Tom Fini, Martha Irvin and many others (to whom I apologize for their accidental omission) ####

i don't know

In which country is the deepwater ort of Brindisi?

Cheap Ferries from Brindisi to Zante | Cheap Ferry Tickets & Cross Channel Ferries   Cheap Ferries from Brindisi to Zante Brindisi is a small ancient city at the southern tip of Italy. It is a popular docking station for ocean steam liners due to its deepwater harbour. When passing through Brindisi either for leisure or to catch a passenger ferry, be sure to visit a couple local attractions such as the Frederick II castle and the numerous cathedrals. For those that wish to connect to the Italian seaport city of Brindisi from Zante, the Hellenic Mediterranean Lines Ferries links the two together. The company has served ferry routes across the Eastern Mediterranean Sea for more than 100 years. Travellers would never guess that only two vessels operated the services across the sea as routes are nearly almost on time and very efficient. As the birthplace of Greek National Anthem writer, D. Solomos, Zante ranks number three in terms of the size of the Ionian Islands. The ferry port is located just next to the main town for those who wish to explore the surrounding islands. For those with a bit more time to spare, be sure to stop by the Venetian Fortress or Bohali Hill. When travelling from Brindisi to the surrounding Greek islands, it is best to plan ahead. Depending on your travelling budget, prices vary for ferry rides throughout the year. For those on a tighter budget, the winter and low season offer fares for considerable cheaper prices than during the high or medium seasons. However, whenever you decide to travel, be sure to book in advance to ensure a seat. Hellenic Mediterranean Lines has a direct ferry service departing Brindisi to Zante with varying timetables throughout the year. Blue Star Ferries also offers ferry services from Brinidisi to surrounding islands. Superfast Ferries are another option for navigating around the Eastern Mediterranean from Brindisi.

Italy

The word anchorman was credited by Sig Michelson about which CBS News Legend?

Brindisi Italy and Surrounding Area - Review of Brindisi, Italy - TripAdvisor “Brindisi Italy and Surrounding Area” Reviewed October 9, 2009 We spent several days in area around this port city. Brindisi is best known to Americans only as a place to catch the ferry to Greece. However, it is much more than that. True, you can grab an overnight Boat to the Greek island of Corfu or to Athens, but you can do more than just glance at the two thousand year old pillars that mark the southern end of the Appian Way right there at the docks. Brindisi is a thriving city with, unfortunately not much more for visitors to see than the Train Station and the main road to the docks and several churches well hidden away. But if you rent a car you can experience some wonderful sights. Heading north along SS16, after about 10 miles you will pass what was once an American Air Force base complete with two hundred US style housing units, and everything a base could possibly need; except a runway. (search for S Vito Dei Normanni AS for information). The town of San Vito dei Normanni is the first place you will come to. A quaint, extremely friendly city with an interesting piazza (square) and pretty churches. Your goal, on this road is Ostuni, "La Citta Bianca" the white city, about 10 miles furthur. park and walk thru the Old Section. Its a photographer's dream. All houses on the hill ust, by law be painted white and the city is lit up at night to show it off. From Ostuni, follow the road signs to Alberbello, about a 20 minute drive) The only place in the world where you can find Trulli houses, (Google them for more info). You can even stay in a trullli hotel! Other places we reccommend you see are: Any of the beaches along the coast (sepicially, Speccholla) Lecce, a major city just south of Brindisi And Francavilla, a center of ceramics. Helpful?

i don't know

Who wrote The Picture Of Dorian Gray?

SparkNotes: The Picture of Dorian Gray: Plot Overview The Picture of Dorian Gray Oscar Wilde Context Character List In the stately London home of his aunt, Lady Brandon, the well-known artist Basil Hallward meets Dorian Gray. Dorian is a cultured, wealthy, and impossibly beautiful young man who immediately captures Basil’s artistic imagination. Dorian sits for several portraits, and Basil often depicts him as an ancient Greek hero or a mythological figure. When the novel opens, the artist is completing his first portrait of Dorian as he truly is, but, as he admits to his friend Lord Henry Wotton, the painting disappoints him because it reveals too much of his feeling for his subject. Lord Henry, a famous wit who enjoys scandalizing his friends by celebrating youth, beauty, and the selfish pursuit of pleasure, disagrees, claiming that the portrait is Basil’s masterpiece. Dorian arrives at the studio, and Basil reluctantly introduces him to Lord Henry, who he fears will have a damaging influence on the impressionable, young Dorian. Basil’s fears are well founded; before the end of their first conversation, Lord Henry upsets Dorian with a speech about the transient nature of beauty and youth. Worried that these, his most impressive characteristics, are fading day by day, Dorian curses his portrait, which he believes will one day remind him of the beauty he will have lost. In a fit of distress, he pledges his soul if only the painting could bear the burden of age and infamy, allowing him to stay forever young. After Dorian’s outbursts, Lord Henry reaffirms his desire to own the portrait; however, Basil insists the portrait belongs to Dorian. Over the next few weeks, Lord Henry’s influence over Dorian grows stronger. The youth becomes a disciple of the “new Hedonism” and proposes to live a life dedicated to the pursuit of pleasure. He falls in love with Sibyl Vane, a young actress who performs in a theater in London’s slums. He adores her acting; she, in turn, refers to him as “Prince Charming” and refuses to heed the warnings of her brother, James Vane, that Dorian is no good for her. Overcome by her emotions for Dorian, Sibyl decides that she can no longer act, wondering how she can pretend to love on the stage now that she has experienced the real thing. Dorian, who loves Sibyl because of her ability to act, cruelly breaks his engagement with her. After doing so, he returns home to notice that his face in Basil’s portrait of him has changed: it now sneers. Frightened that his wish for his likeness in the painting to bear the ill effects of his behavior has come true and that his sins will be recorded on the canvas, he resolves to make amends with Sibyl the next day. The following afternoon, however, Lord Henry brings news that Sibyl has killed herself. At Lord Henry’s urging, Dorian decides to consider her death a sort of artistic triumph—she personified tragedy—and to put the matter behind him. Meanwhile, Dorian hides his portrait in a remote upper room of his house, where no one other than he can watch its transformation. Lord Henry gives Dorian a book that describes the wicked exploits of a nineteenth-century Frenchman; it becomes Dorian’s bible as he sinks ever deeper into a life of sin and corruption. He lives a life devoted to garnering new experiences and sensations with no regard for conventional standards of morality or the consequences of his actions. Eighteen years pass. Dorian’s reputation suffers in circles of polite London society, where rumors spread regarding his scandalous exploits. His peers nevertheless continue to accept him because he remains young and beautiful. The figure in the painting, however, grows increasingly wizened and hideous. On a dark, foggy night, Basil Hallward arrives at Dorian’s home to confront him about the rumors that plague his reputation. The two argue, and Dorian eventually offers Basil a look at his (Dorian’s) soul. He shows Basil the now-hideous portrait, and Hallward, horrified, begs him to repent. Dorian claims it is too late for penance and kills Basil in a fit of rage. In order to dispose of the body, Dorian employs the help of an estranged friend, a doctor, whom he blackmails. The night after the murder, Dorian makes his way to an opium den, where he encounters James Vane, who attempts to avenge Sibyl’s death. Dorian escapes to his country estate. While entertaining guests, he notices James Vane peering in through a window, and he becomes wracked by fear and guilt. When a hunting party accidentally shoots and kills Vane, Dorian feels safe again. He resolves to amend his life but cannot muster the courage to confess his crimes, and the painting now reveals his supposed desire to repent for what it is—hypocrisy. In a fury, Dorian picks up the knife he used to stab Basil Hallward and attempts to destroy the painting. There is a crash, and his servants enter to find the portrait, unharmed, showing Dorian Gray as a beautiful young man. On the floor lies the body of their master—an old man, horribly wrinkled and disfigured, with a knife plunged into his heart. More Help

Oscar Wilde

Who sang the title song for the Bond film You Only Live Twice?

The Picture of Dorian Gray - Wikiquote The Picture of Dorian Gray From Wikiquote “I want to be good. I can’t bear the idea of my soul being hideous.” “A very charming artistic basis for ethics, Dorian! I congratulate you on it.” The Picture of Dorian Gray is a philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde , first published complete in the July 1890 issue of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine . Contents The artist is the creator of beautiful things. To reveal art and conceal the artist is art's aim. These sayings were originally published as a defense of his work in The Fortnightly Review (1 March 1891), and published as the work's Preface in subsequent editions. The critic is he who can translate into another manner or a new material his impression of beautiful things. The highest, as the lowest, form of criticism is a mode of autobiography. Those who find ugly meanings in beautiful things are corrupt without being charming. This is a fault. Those who find beautiful meanings in beautiful things are the cultivated. For these there is hope. They are the elect to whom beautiful things mean only Beauty. There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are well written, or badly written. That is all. The nineteenth century dislike of Realism is the rage of Caliban seeing his own face in a glass. The nineteenth century dislike of Romanticism is the rage of Caliban not seeing his own face in a glass. The moral life of man forms part of the subject-matter of the artist, but the morality of art consists in the perfect use of an imperfect medium. No artist desires to prove anything. Even things that are true can be proved. From the point of view of form, the type of all the arts is the art of the musician. From the point of view of feeling, the actor's craft is the type. All art is at once surface and symbol. Those who go beneath the surface do so at their peril. Those who read the symbol do so at their peril. It is the spectator, and not life, that art really mirrors. Diversity of opinion about a work of art shows that the work is new, complex, and vital. We can forgive a man for making a useful thing as long as he does not admire it. The only excuse for making a useless thing is that one admires it intensely. All art is quite useless. Cf. Théophile Gautier , Preface to Mademoiselle de Mapin. Chapter 1[ edit ] It is silly of you, for there is only one thing in the world worse than being talked about, and that is not being talked about. But beauty, real beauty, ends where an intellectual expression begins. Intellect is in itself a mode of exaggeration, and destroys the harmony of any face. The moment one sits down to think, one becomes all nose, or all forehead, or something horrid. Look at the successful men in any of the learned professions. How perfectly hideous they are! Except, of course, in the Church. But then in the Church they don't think. There is a fatality about all physical and intellectual distinction, the sort of fatality that seems to dog through history the faltering steps of kings. It is better not to be different from one's fellows. The ugly and the stupid have the best of it in this world. They can sit at their ease and gape at the play. If they know nothing of victory, they are at least spared the knowledge of defeat. They live as we all should live--undisturbed, indifferent, and without disquiet. They neither bring ruin upon others, nor ever receive it from alien hands. Your rank and wealth, Harry; my brains, such as they are--my art, whatever it may be worth; Dorian Gray's good looks--we shall all suffer for what the gods have given us, suffer terribly. When I like people immensely, I never tell their names to any one. It is like surrendering a part of them. I have grown to love secrecy. It seems to be the one thing that can make modern life mysterious or marvelous to us. The commonest thing is delightful if one only hides it. You seem to forget that I am married, and the one charm of marriage is that it makes a life of deception absolutely necessary for both parties. Being natural is simply a pose, and the most irritating pose I know. Conscience and cowardice are really the same things … Conscience is the trade-name of the firm. That is all. Every portrait that is painted with feeling is a portrait of the artist, not of the sitter. The sitter is merely the accident, the occasion. It is not he who is revealed by the painter; it is rather the painter who, on the coloured canvas, reveals himself. The reason I will not exhibit this picture is that I am afraid that I have shown in it the secret of my own soul. As for believing things, I can believe anything, provided that it is quite incredible. Laughter is not at all a bad beginning for a friendship, and it is far the best ending for one. "You don't understand what friendship is, Harry," he murmured--"or what enmity is, for that matter. You like every one; that is to say, you are indifferent to every one". I make a great difference between people. I choose my friends for their good looks, my acquaintances for their good characters, and my enemies for their good intellects. A man cannot be too careful in the choice of his enemies. I have not got one who is a fool. They are all men of some intellectual power, and consequently they all appreciate me. Now, the value of an idea has nothing whatsoever to do with the sincerity of the man who expresses it. Indeed, the probabilities are that the more insincere the man is, the more purely intellectual will the idea be, as in that case it will not be coloured by either his wants, his desires, or his prejudices. I like persons better than principles, and I like persons with no principles better than anything else in the world. Poets are not so scrupulous as you are. They know how useful passion is for publication. Nowadays a broken heart will run to many editions. I think you are wrong, Basil, but I won't argue with you. It is only the intellectually lost who ever argue. It is a sad thing to think of, but there is no doubt that genius lasts longer than beauty. That accounts for the fact that we all take such pains to over-educate ourselves. In the wild struggle for existence, we want to have something that endures, and so we fill our minds with rubbish and facts, in the silly hope of keeping our place. The thoroughly well-informed man--that is the modern ideal. And the mind of the thoroughly well-informed man is a dreadful thing. It is like a bric-a-brac shop, all monsters and dust, with everything priced above its proper value. Those who are faithful know only the trivial side of love; it is the faithless who know love's tragedies. Women have no appreciation of good looks; at least, good women have not. My dear fellow, I am not quite serious. But I can't help detesting my relations. I suppose it comes from the fact that none of us can stand other people having the same faults as ourselves. Chapter 2[ edit ] To influence a person is to give him one's own soul. He does not think his natural thoughts, or burn with his natural passions. His virtues are not real to him. His sins, if there are such things as sins, are borrowed. He becomes an echo of some one else's music, an actor of a part that has not been written for him. The aim of life is self-development. To realize one's nature perfectly--that is what each of us is here for. People are afraid of themselves, nowadays. They have forgotten the highest of all duties, the duty that one owes to one's self. Of course, they are charitable. They feed the hungry and clothe the beggar. But their own souls starve, and are naked. Courage has gone out of our race. Perhaps we never really had it. The terror of society, which is the basis of morals, the terror of God, which is the secret of religion--these are the two things that govern us. The bravest man amongst us is afraid of himself. The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it. Resist it, and your soul grows sick with longing for the things it has forbidden to itself, with desire for what its monstrous laws have made monstrous and unlawful. It has been said that the great events of the world take place in the brain. It is in the brain, and the brain only, that the great sins of the world take place also. Words! Mere words! How terrible they were! How clear, and vivid, and cruel! One could not escape from them. And yet what a subtle magic there was in them! They seemed to be able to give a plastic form to formless things, and to have a music of their own as sweet as that of viol or of lute. Mere words! Was there anything so real as words? Beauty is a form of genius--is higher, indeed, than genius, as it needs no explanation. It is of the great facts of the world, like sunlight, or spring-time, or the reflection in dark waters of that silver shell we call the moon. It cannot be questioned. It has its divine right of sovereignty. It makes princes of those who have it. To me, beauty is the wonder of wonders. It is only shallow people who do not judge by appearances. The true mystery of the world is the visible, not the invisible. Ah! realize your youth while you have it. Don't squander the gold of your days, listening to the tedious, trying to improve the hopeless failure, or giving away your life to the ignorant, the common, and the vulgar. These are the sickly aims, the false ideals, of our age. Live! Live the wonderful life that is in you! Let nothing be lost upon you. Be always searching for new sensations. Be afraid of nothing. But we never get back our youth. The pulse of joy that beats in us at twenty becomes sluggish. Our limbs fail, our senses rot. We degenerate into hideous puppets, haunted by the memory of the passions of which we were too much afraid, and the exquisite temptations that we had not the courage to yield to. Youth! Youth! There is absolutely nothing in the world but youth! Always! That is a dreadful word. It makes me shudder when I hear it. Women are so fond of using it. They spoil every romance by trying to make it last for ever. It is a meaningless word, too. The only difference between a caprice and a lifelong passion is that the caprice lasts a little longer. How sad it is! I shall grow old, and horrible, and dreadful. But this picture will remain always young. It will never be older than this particular day of June.... If it were only the other way! If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that – for that – I would give everything! Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give! I would give my soul for that! I am jealous of everything whose beauty does not die. I am jealous of the portrait you have painted of me. Why should it keep what I must lose? Every moment that passes takes something from me and gives something to it. Oh, if it were only the other way! If the picture could change, and I could be always what I am now! Why did you paint it? It will mock me some day--mock me horribly! "What a fuss people make about fidelity!" exclaimed Lord Henry. "Why, even in love it is purely a question for physiology. It has nothing to do with our own will. Young men want to be faithful, and are not; old men want to be faithless, and cannot: that is all one can say". Chapter 3[ edit ] Examinations, sir, are pure humbug from beginning to end. If a man is a gentleman, he knows quite enough, and if he is not a gentleman, whatever he knows is bad for him. I always like to know everything about my new friends, and nothing about my old ones. Philanthropic people lose all sense of humanity. It is their distinguishing characteristic. Behind every exquisite thing that existed, there was something tragic. Worlds had to be in travail, that the meanest flower might blow. There was something terribly enthralling in the exercise of influence. No other activity was like it. To project one's soul into some gracious form, and let it tarry there for a moment; to hear one's own intellectual views echoed back to one with all the added music of passion and youth; to convey one's temperament into another as though it were a subtle fluid or a strange perfume: there was a real joy in that--perhaps the most satisfying joy left to us in an age so limited and vulgar as our own, an age grossly carnal in its pleasures, and grossly common in its aims. I can stand brute force, but brute reason is quite unbearable. There is something unfair about its use. It is hitting below the intellect. Well, the way of paradoxes is the way of truth. To test Reality we must see it on the tight rope. When the Verities become acrobats, we can judge them. "I can sympathize with everything except suffering," said Lord Henry, shrugging his shoulders. "I cannot sympathize with that. It is too ugly, too horrible, too distressing. There is something terribly morbid in the modern sympathy with pain. One should sympathize with the colour, the beauty, the joy of life. The less said about life's sores, the better". The advantage of the emotions is that they lead us astray, and the advantage of science is that it is not emotional. Humanity takes itself too seriously. It is the world's original sin. If the caveman had known how to laugh, history would have been different. Nowadays most people die of a sort of creeping common sense, and discover when it is too late that the only things one never regrets are one's mistakes. Chapter 4[ edit ] He was always late on principle, his principle being that punctuality is the thief of time. I never talk during music--at least, during good music. If one hears bad music, it is one's duty to drown it in conversation. Nowadays people know the price of everything and the value of nothing. Men marry because they are tired; women, because they are curious: both are disappointed. Women represent the triumph of matter over mind, just as men represent the triumph of mind over morals. A grande passion is the privilege of people who have nothing to do. My dear boy, the people who love only once in their lives are really the shallow people. What they call their loyalty, and their fidelity, I call either the lethargy of custom or their lack of imagination. Faithfulness is to the emotional life what consistency is to the life of the intellect--simply a confession of failure. There are many things that we would throw away if we were not afraid that others might pick them up. Ordinary women never appeal to one's imagination. They are limited to their century. No glamour ever transfigures them. One knows their minds as easily as one knows their bonnets. One can always find them. There is no mystery in any of them. They ride in the park in the morning and chatter at tea-parties in the afternoon. They have their stereotyped smile and their fashionable manner. They are quite obvious. But an actress! How different an actress is! Harry! why didn't you tell me that the only thing worth loving is an actress? When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving one's self, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance. Most people become bankrupt through having invested too heavily in the prose of life. To have ruined one's self over poetry is an honour. I want to make Romeo jealous. I want the dead lovers of the world to hear our laughter and grow sad. I want a breath of our passion to stir the dust into consciousness, to wake their ashes into pain. People are very fond of giving away what they need most themselves. It is what I call the depth of generosity. The only artists I have ever known who are personally delightful are bad artists. Good artists exist simply in what they make, and consequently are perfectly uninteresting in what they are. A great poet, a really great poet, is the most unpoetical of all creatures. But inferior poets are absolutely fascinating. The worse their rhymes are, the more picturesque they look. The mere fact of having published a book of second-rate sonnets makes a man quite irresistible. He lives the poetry that he cannot write. The others write the poetry that they dare not realize. Ordinary people waited till life disclosed to them its secrets, but to the few, to the elect, the mysteries of life were revealed before the veil was drawn away. Sometimes this was the effect of art, and chiefly of the art of literature, which dealt immediately with the passions and the intellect. But now and then a complex personality took the place and assumed the office of art, was indeed, in its way, a real work of art, life having its elaborate masterpieces, just as poetry has, or sculpture, or painting. Experience was of no ethical value. It was merely the name men gave to their mistakes. It was the passions about whose origin we deceived ourselves that tyrannized most strongly over us. Our weakest motives were those of whose nature we were conscious. It often happened that when we thought we were experimenting on others we were really experimenting on ourselves. Chapter 5[ edit ] Her eyes caught the melody and echoed it in radiance, then closed for a moment, as though to hide their secret. When they opened, the mist of a dream had passed across them. She was free in her prison of passion. Then she paused. A rose shook in her blood and shadowed her cheeks. Quick breath parted the petals of her lips. They trembled. A southern wind of passion swept over her and stirred the dainty folds of her dress. "I love him", she said simply. Children begin by loving their parents; as they grow older they judge them; sometimes they forgive them. To be in love is to surpass one's self. Dorian is far too wise not to do foolish things now and then, my dear Basil. Whenever a man does a thoroughly stupid thing, it is always from the noblest motives. The real drawback to marriage is that it makes one unselfish. And unselfish people are colourless. They lack individuality. Still, there are certain temperaments that marriage makes more complex. They retain their egotism, and add to it many other egos. They are forced to have more than one life. They become more highly organized, and to be highly organized is, I should fancy, the object of man's existence. The reason we all like to think so well of others is that we're all afraid for ourselves. The basis of optimism is sheer terror. As for a spoiled life, no life is spoiled but one whose growth is arrested. If you want to mar a nature, you have merely to reform it. Pleasure is Nature's test, her sign of approval. When we are happy, we are always good, but when we are good, we are not always happy. To be good is to be in harmony with oneself. Discord is to be forced to be in harmony with others. Modern morality consists in accepting the standard of one's age. I consider that for any man of culture to accept the standard of his age is a form of the grossest immorality. I should fancy that the real tragedy of the poor is that they can afford nothing but self-denial. Beautiful sins, like beautiful things, are the privilege of the rich. But then the only things that one can use in fiction are the things that one has ceased to use in fact. Believe me, no civilized man ever regrets a pleasure, and no uncivilized man ever knows what a pleasure is. Nothing is ever quite true. Women ... inspire us with the desire to do masterpieces, and always prevent us from carrying them out. Yes, Dorian, you will always be fond of me. I represent to you all the sins you have never had the courage to commit. Chapter 9[ edit ] It is only shallow people who require years to get rid of an emotion. A man who is master of himself can end a sorrow as easily as he can invent a pleasure. I don't want to be at the mercy of my emotions. I want to use them, to enjoy them, and to dominate them. Art is always more abstract than we fancy. Form and colour tell us of form and colour--that is all. It often seems to me that art conceals the artist far more completely than it ever reveals him I cannot repeat an emotion. No one can, except sentimentalists. (Dorian). Chapter 10[ edit ] What the worm was to the corpse, his sins would be to the painted image on the canvas. They would mar its beauty and eat away its grace. They would defile it and make it shameful. And yet the thing would still live on. It would be always alive. "I didn't say I liked it, Harry. I said it fascinated me. There is a great difference." "Ah, you have discovered that?” murmured Lord Henry. And they passed into the dining-room. Chapter 11[ edit ] The worship of the senses has often, and with much justice, been decried, men feeling a natural instinct of terror about passions and sensations that seem stronger than themselves, and that they are conscious of sharing with the less highly organized forms of existence. But it appeared to Dorian Gray that the true nature of the senses had never been understood, and that they had remained savage and animal merely because the world had sought to starve them into submission or to kill them by pain, instead of aiming at making them elements of a new spirituality, of which a fine instinct for beauty was to be the dominant characteristic. There are few of us who have not sometimes wakened before dawn...Nothing seems to us changed. Out of the unreal shadows of the night comes back the real life that we had known. We have to resume it where we had left off, and there steals oer us a terrible sense of the necessity for the continuance of energy in the same wearisome round of stereotyped habits, or a wild longing, it may be, that our eyelids might open somemorning upon a world that had been refashioned anew in the darkness for our pleasure, a world in which things would have fresh shapes and colours, and be changed, or have other secrets, a world in which the past would have little or no place, or survive, at any rate, in no conscious form of obligation or regret, the remembrance even of joy having its bitterness, and the memories of pleasure their pain. Yet, as has been said of him before, no theory of life seemed to him to be of any importance compared with life itself. He felt keenly conscious of how barren all intellectual speculation is when separated from action and experiment. He knew that the senses, no less than the soul, have their spiritual mysteries to reveal. Is insincerity such a terrible thing? I think not. It is merely a method by which we can multiply our personalities. Dorian Gray had been poisoned by a book. There were moments when he looked on evil simply as a mode through which he could realize his conception of the beautiful. Chapter 12[ edit ] I love scandals about other people, but scandals about myself don't interest me. They have not got the charm of novelty. Sin is a thing that writes itself across a man's face. It cannot be concealed. People talk sometimes of secret vices. There are no such things. If a wretched man has a vice, it shows itself in the lines of his mouth, the droop of his eyelids, the moulding of his hands even. One has a right to judge of a man by the effect he has over his friends. Yours seem to lose all sense of honour, of goodness, of purity. You have filled them with a madness for pleasure. They have gone down into the depths. You led them there. Chapter 14[ edit ] Youth smiles without any reason. It is one of its chiefest charms. There were sins whose fascination was more in the memory than in the doing of them, strange triumphs that gratified the pride more than the passions, and gave to the intellect a quickened sense of joy, greater than any joy they brought, or could ever bring, to the senses. The brain had its own food on which it battened, and the imagination, made grotesque by terror, twisted and distorted as a living thing by pain, danced like some foul puppet on a stand and grinned through moving masks. Then, suddenly, time stopped for him. Yes: that blind, slow-breathing thing crawled no more, and horrible thoughts, time being dead, raced nimbly on in front, and dragged a hideous future from its grave, and showed it to him. He stared at it. Its very horror made him stone. Nobody ever commits a crime without doing something stupid. Chapter 15[ edit ] The husbands of very beautiful women belong to the criminal classes. It is perfectly monstrous the way people go about nowadays saying things against one behind one's back that are absolutely and entirely true. When a woman marries again, it is because she detested her first husband. When a man marries again, it is because he adored his first wife. Women try their luck; men risk theirs. Women love us for our defects. If we have enough of them, they will forgive us everything, even our intellects. A man can be happy with any woman, as long as he does not love her. I like men who have a future and woman who have a past. Moderation is a fatal thing. Enough is as bad as a meal. More than enough is as good as a feast. Chapter 16[ edit ] One's days were too brief to take the burden of another's errors on one's shoulders. Each man lived his own life and paid his own price for living it. The only pity was one had to pay so often for a single fault. One had to pay over and over again, indeed. In her dealings with man, destiny never closed her accounts. For all sins, as theologians weary not of reminding us, are sins of disobedience. When that high spirit, that morning-star of evil, fell from heaven, it was as a rebel that he fell. Chapter 17[ edit ] It is a sad truth, but we have lost the faculty of giving lovely names to things. Names are everything. I never quarrel with actions; my one quarrel is with words. That is the reason I hate vulgar realism in literature. A man who could call a spade a spade should be compelled to use one. I admit that I think that it is better to be beautiful than to be good. But on the other hand, no one is more ready than I am to acknowledge that it is better to be good than to be ugly. Scepticism is the beginning of faith. To define is to limit. Every effect that one produces gives one an enemy. To be popular one must be a mediocrity. We women, as some one says, love with our ears, just as you men love with your eyes, if you ever love at all. Romance lives by repetition, and repetition converts an appetite into an art. Besides, each time that one loves is the only time one has ever loved. Difference of object does not alter singleness of passion. It merely intensifies it. We can have in life but one great experience at best, and the secret of life is to reproduce that experience as often as possible. I have never searched for happiness. Who wants happiness? I have searched for pleasure. "Describe us as a sex," was her challenge. "Sphinxes without secrets". Chapter 18[ edit ] It was the imagination that set remorse to dog the feet of sin. It was the imagination that made each crime bear its misshapen brood. In the common world of fact the wicked were not punished, nor the good rewarded. Success was given to the strong, failure thrust upon the weak. That was all. Shallow sorrows and shallow loves live on. The loves and sorrows that are great are destroyed by their own plenitude. The only horrible thing in the world is ennui, Dorian. That is the one sin for which there is no forgiveness. But we are not likely to suffer from it, unless these fellows keep chattering about this thing at dinner. I must tell them that the subject is to be tabooed. As for omens, there is no such thing as an omen. Destiny does not send us heralds. She is too wise or too cruel for that. Besides, what on earth could happen to you, Dorian? You have everything in the world that a man can want. There is no one who would not be delighted to change places with you. "How fond women are of doing dangerous things!" laughed Lord Henry. "It is one of the qualities in them that I admire most. A woman will flirt with anybody in the world as long as other people are looking on". The basis of every scandal is an immoral certainty. "Are you very much in love with him?" he asked. She did not answer for some time, but stood gazing at the landscape. "I wish I knew," she said at last. He shook his head. "Knowledge would be fatal. It is the uncertainty that charms one. A mist makes things wonderful". "All ways end at the same point, my dear Gladys." "What is that?" Chapter 19[ edit ] "My dear boy," said Lord Henry, smiling, "anybody can be good in the country. There are no temptations there. That is the reason why people who live out of town are so absolutely uncivilized. Civilization is not by any means an easy thing to attain to. There are only two ways by which man can reach it. One is by being cultured, the other by being corrupt. Country people have no opportunity of being either, so they stagnate". Death and vulgarity are the only two facts in the nineteenth century that one cannot explain away. All crime is vulgar, just as all vulgarity is crime. It is not in you, Dorian, to commit a murder. I am sorry if I hurt your vanity by saying so, but I assure you it is true. Crime belongs exclusively to the lower orders. I don't blame them in the smallest degree. I should fancy that crime was to them what art is to us, simply a method of procuring extraordinary sensations. Of course, married life is merely a habit, a bad habit. But then one regrets the loss even of one's worst habits. Perhaps one regrets them the most. They are such an essential part of one's personality. "Oh! anything becomes a pleasure if one does it too often," cried Lord Henry, laughing. "That is one of the most important secrets of life. I should fancy, however, that murder is always a mistake. One should never do anything that one cannot talk about after dinner. "The soul is a terrible reality. It can be bought, and sold, and bartered away. It can be poisoned, or made perfect. There is a soul in each one of us. I know it." "Do you feel quite sure of that, Dorian?" "Quite sure." "Ah! then it must be an illusion. The things one feels absolutely certain about are never true. That is the fatality of faith, and the lesson of romance. To get back my youth I would do anything in the world, except take exercise, get up early, or be respectable. Youth! There is nothing like it. It's absurd to talk of the ignorance of youth. The only people to whose opinions I listen now with any respect are people much younger than myself. They seem in front of me. Life has revealed to them her latest wonder. The tragedy of old age is not that one is old, but that one is young. Life is not governed by will or intention. Life is a question of nerves, and fibres, and slowly built-up cells in which thought hides itself and passion has its dreams. You may fancy yourself safe and think yourself strong. But a chance tone of colour in a room or a morning sky, a particular perfume that you had once loved and that brings subtle memories with it, a line from a forgotten poem that you had come across again, a cadence from a piece of music that you had ceased to play--I tell you, Dorian, that it is on things like these that our lives depend. I wish I could change places with you, Dorian. The world has cried out against us both, but it has always worshipped you. It always will worship you. You are the type of what the age is searching for, and what it is afraid it has found. I am so glad that you have never done anything, never carved a statue, or painted a picture, or produced anything outside of yourself! Life has been your art. You have set yourself to music. Your days are your sonnets. Art has no influence upon action. It annihilates the desire to act. It is superbly sterile. The books that the world calls immoral are books that show the world its own shame. That is all. Chapter 20[ edit ] The world is changed because you are made of ivory and gold. The curves of your lips rewrite history. It was his beauty that had ruined him, his beauty and the youth that he had prayed for. But for those two things, his life might have been free from stain. His beauty had been to him but a mask, his youth but a mockery. What was youth at best? A green, an unripe time, a time of shallow moods, and sickly thoughts. Why had he worn its livery? Youth had spoiled him.

i don't know

Who had a big 90s No 1 with This Is How We Do It?

Best 90s Songs - Stereogum 34 Third Eye Blind – “Semi-Charmed Life” 35 Oasis – “Wonderwall” 36 C+C Music Factory – “Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)” 37 Green Day – “Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)” 38 Christina Aguilera – “Genie In A Bottle” 39 Goo Goo Dolls – “Iris” 40 Color Me Badd – “I Wanna Sex You Up” 41 Spin Doctors – “Two Princes” 42 Collective Soul – “Shine” 43 En Vogue – “My Lovin’ (You’re Never Gonna Get It)” 44 The Fugees – “Killing Me Softly With His Song” 45 Hootie & the Blowfish – “Only Wanna Be With You” 46 Shania Twain – “You’re Still the One” 47 Marky Mark and The Funky Bunch – “Good Vibrations” 48 Matchbox Twenty – “3 AM” 49 Jewel – “Who Will Save Your Soul” 50 Alice in Chains – “Man in the Box” 51 Tupac (Feat. Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman) – “California Love” 52 Sugar Ray – “Fly” 53 Naughty by Nature – “O.P.P.” 54 Joan Osborne – “One of Us” 55 Fiona Apple – “Criminal” 56 L.L. Cool J – “Mama Said Knock You Out” 57 Jay-Z featuring Amil and Ja Rule – “Can I Get A…” 58 Sophie B. Hawkins – “Damn, I Wish I Was Your Lover” 59 Weezer – “Buddy Holly” 60 Bell Biv DeVoe – “Poison” 61 Sheryl Crow – “All I Wanna Do” 62 Live – “I Alone” 63 The Notorious B.I.G. (Feat. Mase & Puff Daddy) – “Mo Money Mo Problems” 64 The Presidents of the United States of America – “Peaches” 65 Digital Underground – “The Humpty Dance” 66 Edwin McCain – “I’ll Be” 67 Deee-Lite – “Groove Is In The Heart” 68 Will Smith – “Gettin’ Jiggy Wit It” 69 Korn – “Freak on a Leash” 70 Jamiroquai – “Virtual Insanity” 72 Barenaked Ladies – “One Week” 73 Marcy Playground – “Sex and Candy” 74 Cher – “Believe” 77 Ice Cube – “It Was a Good Day” 78 Lenny Kravitz – “Are You Gonna Go My Way” 79 Meredith Brooks – “Bitch” 80 Right Said Fred – “I’m Too Sexy” 81 Paula Cole – “I Don’t Want to Wait” 82 Geto Boys – “Mind Playing Tricks on Me” 83 The Breeders – “Cannonball” 85 Cypress Hill – “Insane In The Brain” 86 The Cranberries – “Linger” 87 Billy Ray Cyrus – “Achy Breaky Heart” 88 Duncan Sheik – “Barely Breathing” 89 Liz Phair – “Never Said” 90 New Radicals – “You Get What You Give” 91 Sarah McLachlan – “Building a Mystery” 92 Public Enemy – “911 Is A Joke” 93 Lisa Loeb & Nine Stories – “Stay” 94 Fastball – “The Way” 95 Montell Jordan – “This is How We Do It” 96 Nelson – “(Can’t Live Without Your) Love and Affection” 97 Prince & The New Power Generation – “Gett Off” 98 EMF – “Unbelievable”

Montell Jordan

Which national park, famous for aboriginal rock paintings, is near Darwin?

Best 90s Songs - Stereogum 34 Third Eye Blind – “Semi-Charmed Life” 35 Oasis – “Wonderwall” 36 C+C Music Factory – “Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)” 37 Green Day – “Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)” 38 Christina Aguilera – “Genie In A Bottle” 39 Goo Goo Dolls – “Iris” 40 Color Me Badd – “I Wanna Sex You Up” 41 Spin Doctors – “Two Princes” 42 Collective Soul – “Shine” 43 En Vogue – “My Lovin’ (You’re Never Gonna Get It)” 44 The Fugees – “Killing Me Softly With His Song” 45 Hootie & the Blowfish – “Only Wanna Be With You” 46 Shania Twain – “You’re Still the One” 47 Marky Mark and The Funky Bunch – “Good Vibrations” 48 Matchbox Twenty – “3 AM” 49 Jewel – “Who Will Save Your Soul” 50 Alice in Chains – “Man in the Box” 51 Tupac (Feat. Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman) – “California Love” 52 Sugar Ray – “Fly” 53 Naughty by Nature – “O.P.P.” 54 Joan Osborne – “One of Us” 55 Fiona Apple – “Criminal” 56 L.L. Cool J – “Mama Said Knock You Out” 57 Jay-Z featuring Amil and Ja Rule – “Can I Get A…” 58 Sophie B. Hawkins – “Damn, I Wish I Was Your Lover” 59 Weezer – “Buddy Holly” 60 Bell Biv DeVoe – “Poison” 61 Sheryl Crow – “All I Wanna Do” 62 Live – “I Alone” 63 The Notorious B.I.G. (Feat. Mase & Puff Daddy) – “Mo Money Mo Problems” 64 The Presidents of the United States of America – “Peaches” 65 Digital Underground – “The Humpty Dance” 66 Edwin McCain – “I’ll Be” 67 Deee-Lite – “Groove Is In The Heart” 68 Will Smith – “Gettin’ Jiggy Wit It” 69 Korn – “Freak on a Leash” 70 Jamiroquai – “Virtual Insanity” 72 Barenaked Ladies – “One Week” 73 Marcy Playground – “Sex and Candy” 74 Cher – “Believe” 77 Ice Cube – “It Was a Good Day” 78 Lenny Kravitz – “Are You Gonna Go My Way” 79 Meredith Brooks – “Bitch” 80 Right Said Fred – “I’m Too Sexy” 81 Paula Cole – “I Don’t Want to Wait” 82 Geto Boys – “Mind Playing Tricks on Me” 83 The Breeders – “Cannonball” 85 Cypress Hill – “Insane In The Brain” 86 The Cranberries – “Linger” 87 Billy Ray Cyrus – “Achy Breaky Heart” 88 Duncan Sheik – “Barely Breathing” 89 Liz Phair – “Never Said” 90 New Radicals – “You Get What You Give” 91 Sarah McLachlan – “Building a Mystery” 92 Public Enemy – “911 Is A Joke” 93 Lisa Loeb & Nine Stories – “Stay” 94 Fastball – “The Way” 95 Montell Jordan – “This is How We Do It” 96 Nelson – “(Can’t Live Without Your) Love and Affection” 97 Prince & The New Power Generation – “Gett Off” 98 EMF – “Unbelievable”

i don't know

In TV's All In The Family what was Mike and Gloria's son called?

Gloria (TV Series 1982–1983) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error This spin-off of "All in the Family" features the further adventures of Gloria Stivic and her son Joey. She and Mike are separated and she's gotten a job in a veterinarian's office. Creators: a list of 24 titles created 13 Jun 2011 a list of 40 titles created 10 Dec 2013 a list of 6 titles created 03 Jun 2014 a list of 25 titles created 26 Sep 2014 a list of 818 titles created 1 month ago Search for " Gloria " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Add Image Add an image Do you have any images for this title? The further misadventures of Archie Bunker, now the owner of a local pub, and his regulars. Stars: Carroll O'Connor, Danielle Brisebois, Allan Melvin A working class bigot constantly squabbles with his family over the important issues of the day. Stars: Carroll O'Connor, Jean Stapleton, Rob Reiner 704 Hauser (TV Series 1994) Comedy Controversial show about a politically correct multi-ethnical family who moves into Archie Bunker's old house. Stars: John Amos, Lynnie Godfrey, T.E. Russell Checking In (TV Series 1981) Comedy The misadventures of Florence Johnson, a hotel maid who was previously seen serving the Jeffersons. Stars: Marla Gibbs, Patrick Collins, Robert Costanzo The sit-com takes us into the further adventures of the characters from the movie of the same name. Stars: Rachel Dennison, Valerie Curtin, Sally Struthers Emily Cates is left at home alone when a stranger breaks in and holds her hostage. Director: Ivan Nagy Edit Storyline This spin-off of "All in the Family" features the further adventures of Gloria Stivic and her son Joey. She and Mike are separated and she's gotten a job in a veterinarian's office. Did You Know? Trivia Carroll O'Connor was asked by Sally Strothers to play Archie in.the pilot but he refused because he thought the show was a bad idea. See more » Connections (United States) – See all my reviews All in the Family actually spun off another show. You actually forgot another spin-off. Marla Gibb's character Florence from The Jeffersons was spun off in a series called Checking In (1981). It did not last and her character returned to her original show. That was a plus for The Jeffersons. She was brilliant on the original show but the writing was very weak on her spin-off. Another show that caused multiple spin-offs was Love American Style...which gave us Happy Days which gave us Laverne and Shirley, Mork and Mindy, Joanie Loves Chacchi and Out of the Blue. In Mork and Out characters appeared only once in Happy Days and then they were spun off into their own series. 2 of 8 people found this review helpful.  Was this review helpful to you? Yes

Joey

Who sang with Crosby, Stills and Young?

Joey Stivic | All In The Family TV show Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Share Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Joseph Michael Stivic was the son of Michael and Gloria Stivic, and grandson of Archie and Edith Bunker, and was born during the sixth season of All In The Family . The character first appeared as a newborn baby in the two-part episode " Birth of the Baby " which aired on December 15 & 22, 1975. The character's appearances on All In The Family ended when Rob Reiner and Sally Struthers left the series in 1978 (by that time, Joey had been played most often by alternating twins Jason and Justin Draeger ). Joey Stivic next appeared in the All In The Family continuation series Archie Bunker's Place , in the November 1979 episode "Thanksgiving Reunion". In that instance, the character was played by child actor Dick Billingsley and was appropriately pre-school aged. After Gloria separated from Mike, she returned to Archie Bunker's Place with Joey in the February 1982 episode "Gloria Comes Home". In that episode, Joey was played by Christopher Johnston . On the Gloria series, in which the recently-divorced Gloria Bunker character moved to Upstate New York in order to work as a veterinary assistant, Johnston was replaced with fellow child actor Christian Jacobs . After Gloria was canceled in 1983, the character disappeared from prime time television for 11 years, then was revived in the short-lived 1994 CBS-TV series 704 Hauser , which featured the Bunkers' house with a new family living there - a black family named the Cumberbatches. Joey Stivic, then in his 20s and played by actor Casey Siemaszko , made a brief appearance in the first episode. In 1976 the Ideal Toy Company released a 14-inch "Joey Stivic doll" (called "Archie Bunker's Grandson") which was billed as the "first anatomically correct male doll ." The doll inspired mild controversy at the time, and is a collectors' item today. [1]

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In which John Logie Baird invent television?

BBC - Primary History - Famous People - John Logie Baird John Logie Baird   Why is Baird famous? What Baird did John Logie Baird was a pioneer of television. Other people helped to invent television (TV). But Baird was the first to show TV pictures to the world. When did he live? Baird was born in 1888. He was born before there was radio or television. There were few cars on the roads, and no planes in the skies. When Baird died in 1946, there were rockets, jet planes, the first computers - and television. TV changed the world Baird's television showed 'live' pictures in people's homes. TV today works on a different system from Baird's. However, by showing that TV was possible, Baird helped change the world. Today, almost every home has television. Growing up Baird's family John Logie Baird was born in Scotland. He lived in the small fishing town of Helensburgh. His father John was a Christian church minister. His mother, Jessie Inglis, was from Glasgow. John was born on 13 August 1888. He had an older brother James, and two older sisters, Annie and Jean (known as 'Tottie'). School days John hated school. He was often ill, so he missed lessons. He did not like games lessons, after which the boys had to take cold baths! He saved his pocket money to buy a camera. He was excited by cameras, cars and telephones. The young engineer When John was 12, he made his own telephone. He joined his phone to the homes of four friends, by hanging wires from trees and chimneys. He had to take down his wires after the driver of a horse bus had his hat knocked off! John and his friend Godfrey made a glider . Somehow it flew off the roof with John in it! He was lucky not to be badly hurt when the glider crashed in the garden. Ahead of the times The Bairds' house was the first in the town to have electricity. At 13, John built a generator , to make electric power to light the house. Sometimes he behaved like an absent-minded professor. How his cousins laughed when he scratched his head, holding a sticky porridge spoon! Becoming an inventor Student days Baird liked science. He loved stories about the future. One day people might send pictures through the air. Radio (then called 'wireless') did this with sounds. Why not pictures? In 1906, aged 18, Baird went to college in Glasgow to study engineering. It took him eight years to finish, because he had time off for illness. Making money World War I began in 1914. Baird tried to join the Army, but was unfit. So he worked in a factory . He did not like it, and felt sorry for factory workers. He went into business on his own, hoping to get rich. Baird in business Baird sold medicines. He invented a shaving razor made of glass (so it would not rust). He sold extra warm socks for soldiers. He was still not well. His doctor told him he needed sunshine. So Baird went to the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. He started a factory making jam and pickles. Mystery experiments People passing Baird's house were puzzled. What were those strange flashing lights? Baird was busy with experiments . He was trying to send pictures through the air. Back to London Back in Britain, Baird started a shop in London. He sold a soap called 'Baird's Speedy Cleaner'. In 1923, he moved to Hastings, beside the sea. One day he wrote to a friend, 'I have invented a means of seeing by wireless [radio]'. His friend said, 'stick to soap'! Moving pictures By the 1920s people could watch films in cinemas. The films were 'silent' (no sound). At home, people could listen to the 'wireless', but only 1 million people in Britain had radios. No one had yet seen moving pictures at home - television. Baird's first TV picture To make his first TV in 1924, Baird used boxes, biscuit tins, sewing needles, card, and the motor from an electric fan. His first TV picture showed a cross cut out of card. Baird's TV used spinning discs. His idea was to scan an image (the cross) with a spinning disc with tiny holes. Light from the image came through the holes in flashes. Baird then changed the flashes of light into electric signals. He sent the signals to a second spinning disc with tiny light bulbs instead of holes. The bulbs flashed to make a fuzzy TV picture of the cross. Baird shows the world In 1925, Baird made better TV pictures of a ventriloquist's doll. William Taynton, an office boy , sat in front of Baird's camera. William was the first person to appear on TV! Baird showed his television at the Selfridges store in London. Forty famous scientists packed into his London office to see it. TV across the sea In May 1927, Baird sent pictures from London to Glasgow, through the phone line. In 1928 he sent the first TV pictures under the sea, from Britain to America. Baird's first television pictures were black and white. Soon he was making colour TV, with pictures of flowers, strawberries, and a man in a red and white scarf. The television age Secret work Baird worked with a small team of helpers. Some days he went off to do mysterious tests on hilltops. Some people said he was doing top-secret work on radar. How to watch TV? In 1929, the BBC started to test TV, in broadcasts . Would people buy TV sets to watch at home? Or would they watch large-screen TV in cinemas? Baird wanted to televise 'live' sport in cinemas, and in 1931, he invented a TV camera for 'outside broadcasts'. An electronic rival Baird was not the only inventor working on television. Other engineers were also busy. They had made a rival electronic TV system. It gave better pictures, with a smaller camera. The first TV service The BBC tested both TV systems in 1936. Then disaster! In a fire at the London TV studio , Baird's equipment and important papers were burned. Baird was out of the race. In 1937, the BBC chose the Marconi-EMI electronic TV system. The world's first regular TV service started. The television age had begun. New ideas Baird did not give up. He tried selling large-screen TVs to cinemas. His firm made and sold electronic TVs. He went on trying new ideas. What happened to Baird? World War II Only 20,000 homes in Britain had a television by 1939. That was when World War II began. Television was shut down. Baird's wife, Margaret, and their two children, were evacuated to the country. Their home in London was blown up by a bomb. Baird had to live in hotels, but went on working. What did Baird hope for? The government asked Baird to help plan television after the war. He hoped to give people colour television, in 3-D . He dreamed of big-screen TVs with high-definition (HD) pictures. Baird dies World War II ended in 1945. Television started again in 1946. Baird was planning to televise a victory parade that summer. Sadly, he fell ill, and died in June 1946. He was 58 years old. He was buried in his home town, in Scotland. Why do we remember Baird? Today TV brings us news, education, sport and entertainment. Events such as the Olympic Games are watched all over the world. John Logie Baird helped make this possible. He was one of Scotland's greatest engineers.

1920s

Who sang the title song for the Bond film License To Kill?

John Logie Baird and the invention of television. John Logie Baird: a life new facts * new background information * new assessments The authors draw on unpublished and, in some cases, hitherto unknown material to present a comprehensive new account of the life of this enigmatic and controversial Scottish genius. In January 1926 Baird was the first publicly to demonstrate real television. Other pioneering achievements followed, including the first transatlantic transmission, the first demonstrations of colour television and stereoscopic television, and the first video recordings. In the 1930s he twice televised the Derby, and was the first to demonstrate cinema television, in black-and-white and colour. During World War II he developed high-definition and stereoscopic television in colour, and invented the first all-electronic colour television tube. He also made significant advances in radio imaging, secret signalling, fibre optics, infra-red scanning, and fast facsimilie transmission. Throughout his life he struggled with ill health and lack of funding, to the extent that he paid for his initial research efforts and his final, heroic, and perhaps most startling, developments out of his own pocket. This balanced, thoroughly documented and splendidly readable account throws new light not only on Baird himself, but on many of those associated with him. Truth is separated from legend, and the facts are uncovered behind Baird's auto-biographical memoir, published in 1988 as Sermons, Soap and Television, the text of which can now be compared with a recently discovered manuscript containing his own corrections. Fresh information is revealed about the 'lost' years in London and Hastings in the early 1920s, which includes for the first time details of the company Baird established to sell soap, his unconventional romance, and the Falkirk connection. Special treatment is given to Baird's troubled relationship with the BBC, and in particular to the role played by the corporation's director general, Sir John Reith. There is a full account of Baird's brave efforts to establish a presence in the USA. Also disclosed is the background to the boardroom coup which resulted in Baird being relieved of his duties as managing director of the company which he had founded. In the light of their review of existing sources and examination of fresh evidence, the authors reach several conclusions which modify or challenge received opinion. Much of the documentation of from family and other archives, including Baird's wartime letters to his friend Sydney Moseley, extracts from the private diaries of Eustace Robb (the BBC's first television producer), company memos and reports of the early 1930s, and many of the sixty photographs, has never before been published. Technical details are described in non-technical language, supported by diagrams. ISBN 1 901663 76 0 * hardback * c. 450 pages * 70 b/w illustrations ANTONY KAMM is a former lecturer in publishing studies at the University of Stirling. His books include Collins Biographical Dictionary of English Literature (HarperCollins 1993), The Romans: an introduction (Routledge 1995), Julius Caesar: a beginner's guide (Hodder and Stoughton 2002). DR MALCOLM BAIRD, son of John Logie Baird, is a former chairman of the Chemical Engineering Department, McMaster University, Ontario. He has written numerous articles for academic and specialist journals. NMS Publishing Limited Tel: + (0) 131 247 4026 Fax: + (0) 131 247 4012 Email: [email protected] "a meticulously researched story based on first hand interviews and quoting many new documentary sources, some of which have only recently become available. At long last we have a book that sounds and feels like the truth about the man who was the first in the world to demonstrate working television." (Michael Bennett-Levy, 2002)... click here for the rest of the review "Kamm and Baird, the latter the inventor's son, paint a strikingly clear portrait of the inventor who started it all." (Russell A Potter, The Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television (US) 2004) Available in the U.K. (including international orders) Amazon.co.uk Available in the U.S.A. from Amazon.com Available in Canada from Chapters.Indigo

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Black or White came from which Michael Jackson album?

Michael Jackson — Black or White — Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm dance "Black or White" is the lead single from Michael Jackson's Dangerous album. It was released in November, 11 1991. "Black or White" is a mix of rock, and dance-pop.Written, composed, and arranged by Jackson with the rap lyrics by Bill Bottrell, it is a song that promotes racial harmony. The song's introduction and main riff are performed by guitarist Slash and Bill Bottrell. The song peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100, the UK Singles Chart… read more Don't want to see ads? Subscribe now Similar Tracks

Dangerous

On a computer keyboard, which letter is between G ad J?

Black or White (Shortened Version) | Michael Jackson Official Site Black or White (Shortened Version) November 11, 1991 Written and Composed by Michael Jackson Rap Lyrics and Intro by Bill Bottrell Produced by Michael Jackson for MJJ Productions, Inc. and Bill Botrell Executive Producer: Michael Jackson From the album Dangerous, released November 28, 1991 Released as a single November 11, 1991 THE SHORT FILM Director: John Landis Primary Production Location: Los Angeles, California Michael Jackson’s short film for “Black or White” was the first of nine short films produced for recordings from Dangerous, Michael’s fourth album as an adult solo performer. As a single, “Black or White” was an international sensation, topping the charts in 20 countries in 1991 and 1992, including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. “Black or White” was certified Gold and Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on January 6, 1992. The song was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Performance – Male in 1993. Both “Black or White” and its follow-up “Remember the Time” received BMI Urban Awards in 1993 for being two of the most performed songs of the year. The ambitious “Black or White” short film again found Michael pushing the boundaries of the “music video” as art form. (This edited version of the short film was created for mainstream airtime after controversy arose over the final “panther sequence.”) An extended prologue stars Macaulay Culkin as a boy whose father (George Wendt) is angered by the playing of loud rock music after bedtime. After being admonished for “wasting your time with this garbage,” Culkin vengefully plugs a guitar into an enormous speaker, blasting his father out of the house and across the globe, still sitting in his easy chair. The main body of the “Black or White” short film reflects the song’s lyrical plea for racial and cultural unity. Michael is seen on the plains of Africa, the Vasquez Rocks in California, and outside traditional Russian architecture, singing and dancing with African tribesmen, Thai women, Native Americans, an Odissi dancer from India and a troupe of Hopak dancers. At the song’s bridge, Michael triumphantly walks through fiery images of war and injustice before the mid-song rap by L.T.B. is lip-synched by Culkin. Michael sings the final chorus from the Statue of Liberty’s torch while other world landmarks loom in the background. This edited version of the short film closes with a lip-synched performance by people of various races, one face morphing into another seamlessly using computer-controlled special effects called “feature-based morphing.” This scene marked the first use of this technology outside of a major motion picture. (A young Tyra Banks is among the people in this scene.) As the first Michael Jackson short film of the 1990s, “Black or White” was hotly anticipated. MTV, VH1, BET and FOX simultaneously premiered the full-length version of the short film on American television on November 14, 1991. (The broadcast achieved FOX’s highest Nielsen ratings ever.) Another 27 countries broadcast the short film at the same time, reaching a global audience of 500 million—a Guinness World Record for a music video premiere. “Black or White” remains one of Michael’s most iconic short films. In 1998, VH1 ranked the “Black or White” premiere No. 47 on its list of 100 Greatest Rock N’ Roll Moments on TV, one of six moments featuring Michael. Three years later, in 2001, VH1 named “Black or White” the 38th greatest music video of all time, one of five of Jackson’s short films on the chart including “Thriller,” “Billie Jean,” “Beat It,” and “Scream.” In 2008, “Black or White” was ranked No. 52 on Rolling Stone’s list of the 100 Top Music Videos, one of five of Michael’s short films on the list including “Billie Jean,” “Beat It,” “Thriller” and “Leave Me Alone.” In 2014, the magazine named it Michael’s ninth-best short film. A year later, “Black or White” became VEVO Certified for more than 100 million views worldwide. Additional Content

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In which town or city was General Motors founded?

This is Flint, Michigan, in all its pain and all its glory | Grist Trust in the Rust Belt This is Flint, Michigan, in all its pain and all its glory By Wes Janz on Feb 17, 2011 Tweet Buick City parking lot, 2010.Photos: Wes Janz, except when notedCross-posted from Places [at] Design Observer , an online journal of architecture, landscape and urbanism, published in partnership with Design Observer. “Distressed are big chunks of Detroit, Flint, Gary, Chicago, East St. Louis, and Cincinnati.” This is what I wrote after completing the weeklong Midwess Distress Tour  with my Ball State colleague Olon Dotson and a dozen architecture students in October 2006. “Depressed. Dysfunctioned. Disoriented. Devolved. Dissed. Dissing. How many abandoned buildings should I photograph and take others to photograph before we get the picture? How many houses do you have to see being torn from a city’s fabric before the tearing of one life from another no longer registers? When should you stop, or start, caring?” After “Midwess,” I saved an email that Glenn Johnson, a property manager at a local land bank who led our tour of Flint, wrote to one student: “I was born here. I would never leave here for good. All that it is and all that it isn’t,” Glenn wrote, “Flint, Michigan, will always be home to me.” Flint is a city I return to, its deep decline and the determination I find among its residents haunting me, challenging me. We did a second weeklong driving tour in October 2008 — again with Olon, and with planning professor Nihal Perera and a group of students — to Cleveland and Youngstown, Ohio; Braddock, Harrisburg, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Scranton, and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; and Camden, New Jersey. This tour, the Distress Too Tour , along with  estimates of 10,000 to 12,000 abandoned houses in my home city of Indianapolis, led to more questions. I became convinced that the pain of the Rust Belt has got to be understood, especially by today’s students, by our future architects and designers. This world of central city abandonment, institutional racism, intransigent poverty, unending decline of the physical infrastructure — this is a world they need to know, to come to grips with and maybe get involved with as citizens and as architects. That meant that I had to get involved, had to dig deeper into one place to give dimension and depth to my curiosity. I needed to know more about Flint and its people. Flint is where the American automaker General Motors was founded in 1908. The city grew as a company town, with several generations of workers and families benefitting from the coast to coast appetite for automobiles that followed both World Wars. Forty years ago, Flint was still home to 190,000 people, with 80,000 locals employed in GM plants. When community leaders imagined the future, they did so with confidence, envisioniong a Flint, their “Vehicle City,” with 250,000 residents. This was, this would be, a place that mattered. Buick City, 1913.Photo: Michigan Radio Picture ProjectFlint is shrinking. Over time, the hubris of the Big Three, of GM, Ford, and Chrysler — evident in the declines in product quality, the inroads made by foreign auto manufacturers and the assaults targeted at unions nationwide — brought down the U.S. auto industry and buckled the day-to-day routines, expectations, and dreams of all Flintians. Between the years following WWII and today, GM eliminated 70,000 local jobs (if not more) and 85,000 people (if not more) moved out. Auto assembly line worker Ben Hamper, in his autobiographical Rivethead: Tales from the Assembly Line, described this decline and his own devolution as a third-generation GM “shoprat” in the ’70s and ’80s. “What this place lacks in ambience it makes up in ambulance,” he wrote. Flint is fading. With the loss of so much of its industrial base, the economic picture for post-industrial Michigan is pitch-dark. There is less and less governmental support for schools, public transportation, family assistance. “We can no longer afford to live outside our means,” said the new mayor in early 2010, and soon enough there were layoffs in the police and fire departments, the closing of fire stations, and a drop-off in garbage pick-up from weekly to biweekly. People are at the brink, ready to act out. On March 25, 2010, the day before the latest rounds of police and firefighter lay-offs were to be announced, nine houses were set on fire. According to a report by WEYI-TV, the fire battallon chief said: “All the fires seem to have been set intentionally. … It also seems very suspicious, since the fires are happening the day before firefighter layoffs. I think they’re trying to make a point and I think they’re going about it in all the wrong ways.” In this time of declining and sometimes disappearing city budgets, it’s likely that the difficult decisions being made in Michigan today are coming soon to a city near you. Want to see a preview? Put Flint on your bucket list. 702 & 706 East Third Street, 2009.Flint is efficient. Scavengers and scrappers watch for opportunity. Aluminum siding is stripped and resold into the formal recycling economy. Aluminum windows, hot water heaters, and furnaces are taken, sometimes in daylight, no problem. Copper pipes too, and new electrical wiring. Well before the agents of the formal economy negotiate foreclosure proceedings, what remains is a carcass that was once a home but soon is less than a house. And it’s not just abandoned buildings that are targeted. On my first trip to Flint, in 2006, I spoke with a community activist on a summer day. She said, “Sorry the building is so hot. Our air conditioner was stolen this week. When I called the cops, they said, ‘If we find yours, we’ll probably find ours.'” The police department’s air conditioner had been lifted that same night. Flint is disappearing. Literally. One understandable but unfortunate dimension of the city’s growth, as pointed out by Robert Beckley, in “ Flint Michigan and the Cowboy Economy: Deconstructing Flint ,” was the poor quality of much mid-20th-century residential architecture and urban design. Back then, he wrote, “While jobs were plentiful, housing was not and … people were sleeping in tents and cardboard shacks. In response, small poorly constructed housing was quickly erected on narrow lots, close to the factories that provided employment. This building cycle was repeated after WWII.” The houses served their purposes, but most have outlived their life spans. Here’s a reality check: 32 percent of Flint’s residential properties are abandoned, and the average single-family house sells for $16,400. Three to five houses are torn down every working day. The chief of the city’s demolition crew told me that there are approximately 20,000 abandoned buildings. The good news? The number of house fires per week is down, from 12 to 15 several years ago to 8 to 10 most weeks today. In Flint, that’s one way to measure progress. A house fire on the front porch leads to demolition, 2006.Flint is elusive. It’s like this for me now, after 20-plus visits: Buildings once there are now gone, replaced by lawns, by weeds, maybe by gardens. Buildings I photographed are now charred rubble or have disappeared. I knew something once, but now it’s changed; or maybe my memories are faulty, maybe I’m at the wrong intersection, expecting to see a building that is a block away. That happens. People I knew have left. They lose jobs, lose interest, lose their way. I lose touch with them. That happens, too. I think I know somebody, and on my next trip to Flint, find out they’ve vanished. Flint is without us. Which is to say — influenced by Alan Weisman and his recent book The World Without Us — the question arises: What would Flint be like without people? Weisman writes: “Suppose that the worst has happened. Human extinction is a fait accompli. … Look around you, at today’s world. … Leave it all in place, but extract human beings. Wipe us out, and see what’s left.” The parking lot for the 235-acre Buick City, where thousands of shift workers docked their GM cars, is a prime “without us” site. One of the country’s largest brownfields is being reclaimed by nature, trees grow through cracks in the paving, this will be a great forest, again, if we leave it alone. Next door, the Oak Park playground is overgrown with tall grasses, its swingsets idle. On the site of what was, in my lifetime, one of the world’s most productive assembly lines, the only sounds you hear are the crickets. On every visit to Flint, I think of The World Without Us. And the idea that there is benefit to this line of thinking — here’s Bill McKibben’s blurb on the front of the book jacket: “This is one of the grandest thought experiments of our time, a tremendous feat of imaginative reporting!” — sounds important, sounds edgy. Weisman and McKibben need to come to Flint. Imagination? There’s no need. Experiment? It’s life in Flint. Grand? Try everyday. Tremendous? Think commonplace. Weisman wrote the book on Flint, he just doesn’t know it. Oak Park playground, 2010.Flint is an inspiration, at least for some of my students. One group joined me at Ball State’s Virginia Ball Center for Creative Inquiry in Spring 2007, taking a 12-credit seminar-plus-studio titled “ One Small Project: Seeking Relevance in the Lives of Leftover People .” Among our experiences: A day in Flint, where we visited the Land Bank, had dinner with local poet-photographer-police officer Brian Willingham (Brian’s books include Thunder Enlightening and Soul of a Black Cop), and watched as two houses were demolished . Our main end-of-semester activity was a public show at the Dean Johnson Gallery in downtown Indianapolis. Each student produced an installation; two are worth noting here. In one, Diana rethought the experience of finding a dirty and in-use mattress in a squat set up in an abandoned house. To cover the squatter’s body, she crafted a quilt made from materials found on site. In Diana’s words: “The house was to be torn down and reduced to a pile of scraps … leftovers of this place from which everyone wants out. Scraps, pieces, and piles, all formerly part of a home, that once were part of a bigger idea. My intention was to provide shelter, warmth, and security, constrained by the materials that composed it. By stitching the pieces back together, these scraps can once again create a composition, if only to document the destruction.” For her project, Katie collected the doors from several houses about to be demolished. She wrote: “A door can be open or closed, either allowing or preventing passage across its threshold. In this same manner, one is allowed or denied access to opportunities throughout one’s lifetime. Pushing through one door may be done with ease, but the next might require much more effort, and even that might not be enough. Closed door after closed door establishes a barrier that one might never overcome. This collection of doors represents numerous barriers, whether it is getting accepted into graduate school, resolving differing cultures, finding a place to sleep for the night, or obtaining a green card. The unbiased character of the barrier makes it universal and therefore unavoidable for people of many backgrounds.” Top: Katie Petersen, “Hindrance,” Dean Johnson Gallery, Indianapolis, 2007. Bottom left: Diana Short, “Cut and Plugged,” Dean Johnson Gallery Indianapolis, 2007. Bottom right: The author (at right) and architecture students from Ball State University talk with Marvin, a private demolition contractor, on the Midwess Distress Tour, 2006. Flint is a role model. With other cities and regions suffering their own sustained downturns, people are looking to Flint for advice, ideas, and hope. Among the main resources is the Genesee County Land Bank . Founded in 2002, and based in Flint, the Land Bank works to prevent tax foreclosure on area homes and encourages reinvestment in the 6,000 residential, commercial, and industrial properties it manages or has acquired through the foreclosure process. Large-scale programs include Demolition, Housing Renovation and Rental, and Foreclosure Prevention. Smaller initiatives, often inspired by the actions of individual citizens or neighborhoods at the scale of one lot, one homeowner, and very small sums of money (maybe no money) include: Adopt-a-Lot, in which neighbors take over the maintenance of nearby lots; Clean and Green, in which locals convert vacant Land Bank-owned properties into gardens; and the Side Lot Transfer program, by which home owners can purchase vacant Land Bank property adjacent to their lots for less than $75 plus the foreclosure year’s taxes. A map of abandoned lots in Flint.Photo: Wayne Senville Flint is home, a place that matters not only to academics studying post-industrial urban shrinkage, but also to many people … especially people in Flint. It’s obvious, but not so easy to remember: 110,000 people still live in the city; 5,000 GM jobs remain. I’ve met people who will never leave, a few who have returned. Ties are strong here, multigenerational families stick together. Those who choose to stay speak of their unbreakable ties to the city, of growing up and growing old where they were born. I hear this a lot: “I’ll never leave Flint.” Of all the insights that I’ve gained in the Rust Belt, maybe that one — that people choose to stay — is the strongest and holds the most potential. At least for me. I’ll write about a few of these people. Flint is, or was, Keith. I’m not sure where he is now. On one of our early trips with students, we were told that a squatter was being evicted from the front porch of an abandoned house where he had lived for a week. Hung blankets were his walls, the front steps his kitchen. He wasn’t “home,” so we walked on in, stepping around a couch and chair, loaded cardboard boxes, table covered with his belongings, several posters including one that read: “I AM ME … I AM OKAY.” Later I thought: Who the hell did I think I was? Why was I so comfortable walking around, looking at his personal stuff? Then, suddenly, Keith appeared. We talked. He talked with my students. That day he was moving to another squat a couple of blocks away. He said he had several possible places in mind, was always on the lookout for new places. In some ways, Keith’s city was a network of connected camouflages, small unseen places to make his home, if even for a day or a few weeks. Keith had been squatting for three years, said he knew where to get food and water. He knew “how to hunt.” A student said to me, “Perhaps this is like living in the wild.” As we departed, Keith said to us: “You can get as much as you want out of life. I believe in being positive.” I didn’t anticipate a pep talk from a squatter. A life lesson. Keith and his squat on Second Avenue, 2006.Left photo: Mickel Darmawan Flint is Adam, living 10 blocks northwest of Keith’s squat in the Carriage Town Historic District, next to in an abandoned house notable for the hand-painted signs hammered to its side: HUMAN SACRIFICES NEEDED INQUIRE INSIDE I’ve photographed the signs, the house, and a backyard adorned with plastic skulls wrapped in barbed wire and plastic skeletons swinging from tall posts. During one snow-swept stop, I heard a bleating goat. Others warned me about the man who lived next to the house, and seemed to be the author of the scary signs: “He took after somebody with a chainsaw.” Top: Adam’s squat. Bottom: Adam talks with architecture professor Olon Dotson, 2009.On one of my visits, he’s there, Adam. We talk. I’ve got questions, he’s got answers. Skulls and skeletons? They’re gifts, he’s a Halloween baby. Signs? He put them up to discourage others from messing with the house or with him or his stuff. It worked. Other tactics? Using a searchlight to harass hookers, hustlers, meth users, and sellers. Gorilla-gluing a nearby public telephone to stop deals. Filing lawsuits against the city and the hospital nearby for dereliction of responsibility. Expanding into the backyards to the north and south. Chainsaw? Sure, he did walk, not run, after city officials while holding a chainsaw, but it wasn’t turned on and was facing backwards. “Who could possibly be threatened?” Later, when I mentioned Adam at the Land Bank, I’m told that they believe he is a long-term squatter. They can’t find any record of his legal claim to the house and he’s not provided them with one. It’s “his house” to the extent that no one wants it, no one is paying attention, and no one wants to mess with him. For nearly everyone (police, zoning officials, prostitutes, the mayor, thieves, newspaper editors), Adam is trouble, unpredictable, and a nuisance. I see that. But I also see Adam as an urban pioneer committed to a place most leave. He’s demanding that the “top” reflect the “bottom,” even as he takes advantages of the gaps between him and them. He’s claimed property no one wants and rides surveillance on a neighborhood even the cops have written off. Flint is Wendy, leading a meeting of Metawanene Hills Neighborhood Association in the summer of 2006, at a church about one-third of a mile north of Adam’s signs. Wendy, formerly a program officer at a foundation, led the discussion that evening about what to do about the awkwardly shaped traffic island just outside the church. “What was best,” the neighbors asked each other: “Potted or planted landscaping? Geraniums or arborvitaes? Who would organize volunteers? Who had tools? Who might donate plants?” To see the group take on this responsibility was a revelation. It shouldn’t have been. But I say, full disclosure, it was. Four years later, in June 2010, I returned to the area, expecting the worst. You come to expect the worst on the north side, at a crazy-quilt intersection that serves as the forecourt of a “corner store,” a neighborhood grocery where you can buy sugar and fat in all their consumer-friendly forms, along with (reading from the sign) food, wine, and lottery. But I found a thriving place, planted with irises, junipers, black-eyed Susans, lilies, yaro, coral bells, red leafed Japanese barberry, ornamental grasses, and Russian sage, as the neighbors‘ material and color palette. I found one of the most compelling examples of the privatization of public space that I’ve ever seen. An asphalt place that is a growing place, a piece of connective tissue in a city of many generations, of shared understandings of difficult lives, of lives lost and lives possible. Traffic islands at the intersection of MLK, Oren, and Welch, 2010.If your eyes and ears and heart are open, Flint changes you. Being encouraged by Keith does that. Questioned by Adam. Pulled in by Wendy and an awkward intersection that blooms year after year after year. It changes what you think needs to be done. What you think you should be doing. What you think of another human being. In time, you might forget the lessons. Insights might fade. That was not and is not the case for me. To say this differently: there is Wes pre-Flint and Wes post-Flint. Post-Flint, I’m asking: How do we prepare our students for the multiple realities of the world they are about to enter as young professionals and will inherit as global citizens? How might such contemporary issues be introduced to our students? How should architectural education acknowledge the breakdown of the Rust Belt? Is it time to be more engaged not only with the failed policies and falling infrastructures of our shrinking cities, but more importantly, with the remaining residents? I remember, daily, a woman in East St. Louis who said to me: “Professor, we don’t need to be studied. We need help!” How, then, are we to help? Post-Flint, I’m wondering: What is the place of an architect in a setting where few building permits are issued, where many more buildings are being demolished than designed? What can architects work on if “development,” “next phase,” “expansion,” “anticipated growth,” “better tomorrow,” and “recovery” are stripped from our day-to-day? Or, if the conversations are about developments in scavenger activities, the next phase of federal demolition funding, expansion of landfill holdings, anticipated growth among local salvage yards, a better tomorrow for demolition contractors, or the recovery of urban animal populations? To put this differently, can we shift away from the overwhelming, and suffocating, economic and legalistic frameworks that dominate our profession, our university programs, and our lives? Post-Flint, I’m searching out “small” initiatives, curious about local progress made by individuals who toil beneath, in spite of, and without knowledge of the larger plans and recovery prospects imagined by trained professionals. I wonder if our work should begin not with development or expansion, not even with a charrette. Might we start with an individual, someone we know on a first name basis? Is this, in a place like Flint, more appropriate? Is this a way, finally, to humanize our profession? To begin with Keith, with Adam, with Wendy? As I move through these moments and ask these questions, I do my best to resolve the contradictions between what I thought was the case, what authorities tell me needs to be done, and what I find. Flint churns as a deepening inconsistency for me, beset by problems, scarred by solutions, and alive with … well  … alive with lives. Flint is. And that’s important to remember.

Flint, Michigan

In which country was the Russian Revolutionary Leon Trotsky murdered?

This is Flint, Michigan, in all its pain and all its glory | Grist Trust in the Rust Belt This is Flint, Michigan, in all its pain and all its glory By Wes Janz on Feb 17, 2011 Tweet Buick City parking lot, 2010.Photos: Wes Janz, except when notedCross-posted from Places [at] Design Observer , an online journal of architecture, landscape and urbanism, published in partnership with Design Observer. “Distressed are big chunks of Detroit, Flint, Gary, Chicago, East St. Louis, and Cincinnati.” This is what I wrote after completing the weeklong Midwess Distress Tour  with my Ball State colleague Olon Dotson and a dozen architecture students in October 2006. “Depressed. Dysfunctioned. Disoriented. Devolved. Dissed. Dissing. How many abandoned buildings should I photograph and take others to photograph before we get the picture? How many houses do you have to see being torn from a city’s fabric before the tearing of one life from another no longer registers? When should you stop, or start, caring?” After “Midwess,” I saved an email that Glenn Johnson, a property manager at a local land bank who led our tour of Flint, wrote to one student: “I was born here. I would never leave here for good. All that it is and all that it isn’t,” Glenn wrote, “Flint, Michigan, will always be home to me.” Flint is a city I return to, its deep decline and the determination I find among its residents haunting me, challenging me. We did a second weeklong driving tour in October 2008 — again with Olon, and with planning professor Nihal Perera and a group of students — to Cleveland and Youngstown, Ohio; Braddock, Harrisburg, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Scranton, and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; and Camden, New Jersey. This tour, the Distress Too Tour , along with  estimates of 10,000 to 12,000 abandoned houses in my home city of Indianapolis, led to more questions. I became convinced that the pain of the Rust Belt has got to be understood, especially by today’s students, by our future architects and designers. This world of central city abandonment, institutional racism, intransigent poverty, unending decline of the physical infrastructure — this is a world they need to know, to come to grips with and maybe get involved with as citizens and as architects. That meant that I had to get involved, had to dig deeper into one place to give dimension and depth to my curiosity. I needed to know more about Flint and its people. Flint is where the American automaker General Motors was founded in 1908. The city grew as a company town, with several generations of workers and families benefitting from the coast to coast appetite for automobiles that followed both World Wars. Forty years ago, Flint was still home to 190,000 people, with 80,000 locals employed in GM plants. When community leaders imagined the future, they did so with confidence, envisioniong a Flint, their “Vehicle City,” with 250,000 residents. This was, this would be, a place that mattered. Buick City, 1913.Photo: Michigan Radio Picture ProjectFlint is shrinking. Over time, the hubris of the Big Three, of GM, Ford, and Chrysler — evident in the declines in product quality, the inroads made by foreign auto manufacturers and the assaults targeted at unions nationwide — brought down the U.S. auto industry and buckled the day-to-day routines, expectations, and dreams of all Flintians. Between the years following WWII and today, GM eliminated 70,000 local jobs (if not more) and 85,000 people (if not more) moved out. Auto assembly line worker Ben Hamper, in his autobiographical Rivethead: Tales from the Assembly Line, described this decline and his own devolution as a third-generation GM “shoprat” in the ’70s and ’80s. “What this place lacks in ambience it makes up in ambulance,” he wrote. Flint is fading. With the loss of so much of its industrial base, the economic picture for post-industrial Michigan is pitch-dark. There is less and less governmental support for schools, public transportation, family assistance. “We can no longer afford to live outside our means,” said the new mayor in early 2010, and soon enough there were layoffs in the police and fire departments, the closing of fire stations, and a drop-off in garbage pick-up from weekly to biweekly. People are at the brink, ready to act out. On March 25, 2010, the day before the latest rounds of police and firefighter lay-offs were to be announced, nine houses were set on fire. According to a report by WEYI-TV, the fire battallon chief said: “All the fires seem to have been set intentionally. … It also seems very suspicious, since the fires are happening the day before firefighter layoffs. I think they’re trying to make a point and I think they’re going about it in all the wrong ways.” In this time of declining and sometimes disappearing city budgets, it’s likely that the difficult decisions being made in Michigan today are coming soon to a city near you. Want to see a preview? Put Flint on your bucket list. 702 & 706 East Third Street, 2009.Flint is efficient. Scavengers and scrappers watch for opportunity. Aluminum siding is stripped and resold into the formal recycling economy. Aluminum windows, hot water heaters, and furnaces are taken, sometimes in daylight, no problem. Copper pipes too, and new electrical wiring. Well before the agents of the formal economy negotiate foreclosure proceedings, what remains is a carcass that was once a home but soon is less than a house. And it’s not just abandoned buildings that are targeted. On my first trip to Flint, in 2006, I spoke with a community activist on a summer day. She said, “Sorry the building is so hot. Our air conditioner was stolen this week. When I called the cops, they said, ‘If we find yours, we’ll probably find ours.'” The police department’s air conditioner had been lifted that same night. Flint is disappearing. Literally. One understandable but unfortunate dimension of the city’s growth, as pointed out by Robert Beckley, in “ Flint Michigan and the Cowboy Economy: Deconstructing Flint ,” was the poor quality of much mid-20th-century residential architecture and urban design. Back then, he wrote, “While jobs were plentiful, housing was not and … people were sleeping in tents and cardboard shacks. In response, small poorly constructed housing was quickly erected on narrow lots, close to the factories that provided employment. This building cycle was repeated after WWII.” The houses served their purposes, but most have outlived their life spans. Here’s a reality check: 32 percent of Flint’s residential properties are abandoned, and the average single-family house sells for $16,400. Three to five houses are torn down every working day. The chief of the city’s demolition crew told me that there are approximately 20,000 abandoned buildings. The good news? The number of house fires per week is down, from 12 to 15 several years ago to 8 to 10 most weeks today. In Flint, that’s one way to measure progress. A house fire on the front porch leads to demolition, 2006.Flint is elusive. It’s like this for me now, after 20-plus visits: Buildings once there are now gone, replaced by lawns, by weeds, maybe by gardens. Buildings I photographed are now charred rubble or have disappeared. I knew something once, but now it’s changed; or maybe my memories are faulty, maybe I’m at the wrong intersection, expecting to see a building that is a block away. That happens. People I knew have left. They lose jobs, lose interest, lose their way. I lose touch with them. That happens, too. I think I know somebody, and on my next trip to Flint, find out they’ve vanished. Flint is without us. Which is to say — influenced by Alan Weisman and his recent book The World Without Us — the question arises: What would Flint be like without people? Weisman writes: “Suppose that the worst has happened. Human extinction is a fait accompli. … Look around you, at today’s world. … Leave it all in place, but extract human beings. Wipe us out, and see what’s left.” The parking lot for the 235-acre Buick City, where thousands of shift workers docked their GM cars, is a prime “without us” site. One of the country’s largest brownfields is being reclaimed by nature, trees grow through cracks in the paving, this will be a great forest, again, if we leave it alone. Next door, the Oak Park playground is overgrown with tall grasses, its swingsets idle. On the site of what was, in my lifetime, one of the world’s most productive assembly lines, the only sounds you hear are the crickets. On every visit to Flint, I think of The World Without Us. And the idea that there is benefit to this line of thinking — here’s Bill McKibben’s blurb on the front of the book jacket: “This is one of the grandest thought experiments of our time, a tremendous feat of imaginative reporting!” — sounds important, sounds edgy. Weisman and McKibben need to come to Flint. Imagination? There’s no need. Experiment? It’s life in Flint. Grand? Try everyday. Tremendous? Think commonplace. Weisman wrote the book on Flint, he just doesn’t know it. Oak Park playground, 2010.Flint is an inspiration, at least for some of my students. One group joined me at Ball State’s Virginia Ball Center for Creative Inquiry in Spring 2007, taking a 12-credit seminar-plus-studio titled “ One Small Project: Seeking Relevance in the Lives of Leftover People .” Among our experiences: A day in Flint, where we visited the Land Bank, had dinner with local poet-photographer-police officer Brian Willingham (Brian’s books include Thunder Enlightening and Soul of a Black Cop), and watched as two houses were demolished . Our main end-of-semester activity was a public show at the Dean Johnson Gallery in downtown Indianapolis. Each student produced an installation; two are worth noting here. In one, Diana rethought the experience of finding a dirty and in-use mattress in a squat set up in an abandoned house. To cover the squatter’s body, she crafted a quilt made from materials found on site. In Diana’s words: “The house was to be torn down and reduced to a pile of scraps … leftovers of this place from which everyone wants out. Scraps, pieces, and piles, all formerly part of a home, that once were part of a bigger idea. My intention was to provide shelter, warmth, and security, constrained by the materials that composed it. By stitching the pieces back together, these scraps can once again create a composition, if only to document the destruction.” For her project, Katie collected the doors from several houses about to be demolished. She wrote: “A door can be open or closed, either allowing or preventing passage across its threshold. In this same manner, one is allowed or denied access to opportunities throughout one’s lifetime. Pushing through one door may be done with ease, but the next might require much more effort, and even that might not be enough. Closed door after closed door establishes a barrier that one might never overcome. This collection of doors represents numerous barriers, whether it is getting accepted into graduate school, resolving differing cultures, finding a place to sleep for the night, or obtaining a green card. The unbiased character of the barrier makes it universal and therefore unavoidable for people of many backgrounds.” Top: Katie Petersen, “Hindrance,” Dean Johnson Gallery, Indianapolis, 2007. Bottom left: Diana Short, “Cut and Plugged,” Dean Johnson Gallery Indianapolis, 2007. Bottom right: The author (at right) and architecture students from Ball State University talk with Marvin, a private demolition contractor, on the Midwess Distress Tour, 2006. Flint is a role model. With other cities and regions suffering their own sustained downturns, people are looking to Flint for advice, ideas, and hope. Among the main resources is the Genesee County Land Bank . Founded in 2002, and based in Flint, the Land Bank works to prevent tax foreclosure on area homes and encourages reinvestment in the 6,000 residential, commercial, and industrial properties it manages or has acquired through the foreclosure process. Large-scale programs include Demolition, Housing Renovation and Rental, and Foreclosure Prevention. Smaller initiatives, often inspired by the actions of individual citizens or neighborhoods at the scale of one lot, one homeowner, and very small sums of money (maybe no money) include: Adopt-a-Lot, in which neighbors take over the maintenance of nearby lots; Clean and Green, in which locals convert vacant Land Bank-owned properties into gardens; and the Side Lot Transfer program, by which home owners can purchase vacant Land Bank property adjacent to their lots for less than $75 plus the foreclosure year’s taxes. A map of abandoned lots in Flint.Photo: Wayne Senville Flint is home, a place that matters not only to academics studying post-industrial urban shrinkage, but also to many people … especially people in Flint. It’s obvious, but not so easy to remember: 110,000 people still live in the city; 5,000 GM jobs remain. I’ve met people who will never leave, a few who have returned. Ties are strong here, multigenerational families stick together. Those who choose to stay speak of their unbreakable ties to the city, of growing up and growing old where they were born. I hear this a lot: “I’ll never leave Flint.” Of all the insights that I’ve gained in the Rust Belt, maybe that one — that people choose to stay — is the strongest and holds the most potential. At least for me. I’ll write about a few of these people. Flint is, or was, Keith. I’m not sure where he is now. On one of our early trips with students, we were told that a squatter was being evicted from the front porch of an abandoned house where he had lived for a week. Hung blankets were his walls, the front steps his kitchen. He wasn’t “home,” so we walked on in, stepping around a couch and chair, loaded cardboard boxes, table covered with his belongings, several posters including one that read: “I AM ME … I AM OKAY.” Later I thought: Who the hell did I think I was? Why was I so comfortable walking around, looking at his personal stuff? Then, suddenly, Keith appeared. We talked. He talked with my students. That day he was moving to another squat a couple of blocks away. He said he had several possible places in mind, was always on the lookout for new places. In some ways, Keith’s city was a network of connected camouflages, small unseen places to make his home, if even for a day or a few weeks. Keith had been squatting for three years, said he knew where to get food and water. He knew “how to hunt.” A student said to me, “Perhaps this is like living in the wild.” As we departed, Keith said to us: “You can get as much as you want out of life. I believe in being positive.” I didn’t anticipate a pep talk from a squatter. A life lesson. Keith and his squat on Second Avenue, 2006.Left photo: Mickel Darmawan Flint is Adam, living 10 blocks northwest of Keith’s squat in the Carriage Town Historic District, next to in an abandoned house notable for the hand-painted signs hammered to its side: HUMAN SACRIFICES NEEDED INQUIRE INSIDE I’ve photographed the signs, the house, and a backyard adorned with plastic skulls wrapped in barbed wire and plastic skeletons swinging from tall posts. During one snow-swept stop, I heard a bleating goat. Others warned me about the man who lived next to the house, and seemed to be the author of the scary signs: “He took after somebody with a chainsaw.” Top: Adam’s squat. Bottom: Adam talks with architecture professor Olon Dotson, 2009.On one of my visits, he’s there, Adam. We talk. I’ve got questions, he’s got answers. Skulls and skeletons? They’re gifts, he’s a Halloween baby. Signs? He put them up to discourage others from messing with the house or with him or his stuff. It worked. Other tactics? Using a searchlight to harass hookers, hustlers, meth users, and sellers. Gorilla-gluing a nearby public telephone to stop deals. Filing lawsuits against the city and the hospital nearby for dereliction of responsibility. Expanding into the backyards to the north and south. Chainsaw? Sure, he did walk, not run, after city officials while holding a chainsaw, but it wasn’t turned on and was facing backwards. “Who could possibly be threatened?” Later, when I mentioned Adam at the Land Bank, I’m told that they believe he is a long-term squatter. They can’t find any record of his legal claim to the house and he’s not provided them with one. It’s “his house” to the extent that no one wants it, no one is paying attention, and no one wants to mess with him. For nearly everyone (police, zoning officials, prostitutes, the mayor, thieves, newspaper editors), Adam is trouble, unpredictable, and a nuisance. I see that. But I also see Adam as an urban pioneer committed to a place most leave. He’s demanding that the “top” reflect the “bottom,” even as he takes advantages of the gaps between him and them. He’s claimed property no one wants and rides surveillance on a neighborhood even the cops have written off. Flint is Wendy, leading a meeting of Metawanene Hills Neighborhood Association in the summer of 2006, at a church about one-third of a mile north of Adam’s signs. Wendy, formerly a program officer at a foundation, led the discussion that evening about what to do about the awkwardly shaped traffic island just outside the church. “What was best,” the neighbors asked each other: “Potted or planted landscaping? Geraniums or arborvitaes? Who would organize volunteers? Who had tools? Who might donate plants?” To see the group take on this responsibility was a revelation. It shouldn’t have been. But I say, full disclosure, it was. Four years later, in June 2010, I returned to the area, expecting the worst. You come to expect the worst on the north side, at a crazy-quilt intersection that serves as the forecourt of a “corner store,” a neighborhood grocery where you can buy sugar and fat in all their consumer-friendly forms, along with (reading from the sign) food, wine, and lottery. But I found a thriving place, planted with irises, junipers, black-eyed Susans, lilies, yaro, coral bells, red leafed Japanese barberry, ornamental grasses, and Russian sage, as the neighbors‘ material and color palette. I found one of the most compelling examples of the privatization of public space that I’ve ever seen. An asphalt place that is a growing place, a piece of connective tissue in a city of many generations, of shared understandings of difficult lives, of lives lost and lives possible. Traffic islands at the intersection of MLK, Oren, and Welch, 2010.If your eyes and ears and heart are open, Flint changes you. Being encouraged by Keith does that. Questioned by Adam. Pulled in by Wendy and an awkward intersection that blooms year after year after year. It changes what you think needs to be done. What you think you should be doing. What you think of another human being. In time, you might forget the lessons. Insights might fade. That was not and is not the case for me. To say this differently: there is Wes pre-Flint and Wes post-Flint. Post-Flint, I’m asking: How do we prepare our students for the multiple realities of the world they are about to enter as young professionals and will inherit as global citizens? How might such contemporary issues be introduced to our students? How should architectural education acknowledge the breakdown of the Rust Belt? Is it time to be more engaged not only with the failed policies and falling infrastructures of our shrinking cities, but more importantly, with the remaining residents? I remember, daily, a woman in East St. Louis who said to me: “Professor, we don’t need to be studied. We need help!” How, then, are we to help? Post-Flint, I’m wondering: What is the place of an architect in a setting where few building permits are issued, where many more buildings are being demolished than designed? What can architects work on if “development,” “next phase,” “expansion,” “anticipated growth,” “better tomorrow,” and “recovery” are stripped from our day-to-day? Or, if the conversations are about developments in scavenger activities, the next phase of federal demolition funding, expansion of landfill holdings, anticipated growth among local salvage yards, a better tomorrow for demolition contractors, or the recovery of urban animal populations? To put this differently, can we shift away from the overwhelming, and suffocating, economic and legalistic frameworks that dominate our profession, our university programs, and our lives? Post-Flint, I’m searching out “small” initiatives, curious about local progress made by individuals who toil beneath, in spite of, and without knowledge of the larger plans and recovery prospects imagined by trained professionals. I wonder if our work should begin not with development or expansion, not even with a charrette. Might we start with an individual, someone we know on a first name basis? Is this, in a place like Flint, more appropriate? Is this a way, finally, to humanize our profession? To begin with Keith, with Adam, with Wendy? As I move through these moments and ask these questions, I do my best to resolve the contradictions between what I thought was the case, what authorities tell me needs to be done, and what I find. Flint churns as a deepening inconsistency for me, beset by problems, scarred by solutions, and alive with … well  … alive with lives. Flint is. And that’s important to remember.

i don't know

Which duo had a 60s No 1 with A World Without Love?

A world without love - Peter and Gordon - YouTube A world without love - Peter and Gordon Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Nov 25, 2007 This is Lennon/McCartney masterpiece A World Without Love. Peter and Gordon were one of the greatest pop-rock duos of the sixties, formed by Peter Asher and Gordon Waller Category

Peter and Gordon

In which US state was Tennessee Williams born?

I Go to Pieces - Peter & Gordon - YouTube I Go to Pieces - Peter & Gordon Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 20, 2007 Peter & Gordon were a British Invasion-era performing duo, formed by Peter Asher and Gordon Waller, that rocketed to fame in 1964 with "A World Without Love". Peter Asher's sister (the actress Jane Asher) was dating Paul McCartney (of The Beatles), and so Peter & Gordon recorded several songs written by McCartney, with or without John Lennon. "I Go To Pieces" was written by Del Shannon and given to the duo after the two acts toured together Category

i don't know

Who was Israeli Prime Minister from 1969 to 1974?

Golda Meir Biography (Prime Minister of Israel) Prime Minister of Israel Died: 8 December 1978 (cancer) Birthplace: Kiev, Russia(now the Ukraine) Best known as: The first female prime minister of Israel Name at birth: Goldie Mabovitch Golda Meir was the fourth prime minister of Israel and one of the most visible women in international affairs for nearly two decades. Born in Russia but raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, she settled on a kibbutz in British Mandate Palestine with her American husband, Morris Meyerson, in 1921. As Golda Meir (her adopted name), she became active in Zionist politics, and after Israel gained independence in 1948 she served as ambassador to the Soviet Union (1948), was elected to the Knesset (1949) and was named the country's foreign minister (1956-65). Strong-willed and fiercely protective of Israel, she became an international symbol of Israeli resolve. After the death of Prime Minister Levi Eshkol in 1969, Meir came out of retirement to become, at age 71, prime minister. Her handling of the Arab-Israeli War of 1973 (the Yom Kippur War) was widely critized, as were her attempts to garner peace for Israel after the war, and she resigned in 1974. She was succeeded by Yitzhak Rabin . Meir published an autobiography, My Life, in 1975. Extra credit: Meir and Meyerson were married in 1917. They separated in 1928, but never divorced. They had two children: Menaham (b. 1924) and Sara (b. 1926)… She was played by Ingrid Bergman in the 1982 TV movie A Woman Called Golda… In the stage play, Golda, she was portrayed by Anne Bancroft . Copyright © 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.

Golda Meir

Bob Gaudio and Nick Massi sang with which group?

Golda Meir - Israel & Judaism Studies Golda Meir GOLDA MEIR 1898-1978 (Prime Minister of Israel 1969-1974) See also The Creation of Modern Israel and relevant articles under Israel after 1948 for additional context. In her autobiography My Life Golda Meir recalled her feelings when the Labour Party called on her to assume the office of Prime Minister of Israel following the death of Levi Eshkol in 1969: “I became Prime Minister because that was how it was, in the same way that my milkman became an officer in command of an outpost on Mount Hermon. Neither of us had any relish for the job, but we both did it as well as we could.” It was statement typical of a lifetime shaped by a sense of duty arising from her Jewish experience. Born to the family of a carpenter in Kiev in the Ukraine, she was a five-year old child living in Minsk in 1903 at the time of a “pogrom” in neighbouring Kishinev. In the rampage inspired by a medieval-style “blood libel”, which took place with the complicity of the Tsarist authorities, 49 Jews lost their lives, more than 500 were seriously injured, and some 700 houses and 600 Jewish shops were looted and destroyed. That year Golda’s father left for Milwaukee in the United States, and three years later he had saved enough to send for his family. The Kishinev pogrom was just one of a continuing wave of anti-Jewish outbreaks of slaughter and destruction which swept through Russia after the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881. Alexander II, the “liberal” Tsar who had emancipated the Russian serfs, had not enforced many of the anti-Jewish laws of his predecessors, and the five million Jews of Russia looked forward to emancipation under his rule. His successor, Alexander III, on the other hand, proclaimed himself as “proud to be an autocrat”. He encouraged the pogroms and revived the laws of Nicholas I, including the so-called “Nicholas system” under which twelve year-old Jewish boys were conscripted into the army for 25 years, and Jews were allowed to reside only in specified regions and towns. Between 1881 and 1914 over two and a quarter million Jews left Russia for the United States. Others fled elsewhere, to Germany and the Austrian empire, to Britain, Canada and Australia. It was also the time of the birth of the modern Zionist movement, epitomised in the writings of Dr Leo Pinsker, a Jewish leader who had previously worked for Jewish emancipation. In his pamphlet Auto-emancipation written in 1881, he now came to a pessimistic diagnosis: “Judeophobia is a psychic aberration.  As a psychic aberration it is hereditary, and as a disease transmitted for two thousand years, it is incurable...               The Jewish people have no fatherland of their own, though many motherlands…We must have a home if not a country of our own.” 1881 was also the year in which the first of a few thousand young Jews left Russia to re-build the land in the deserts and malarial swamps of Turkish Palestine. One year before Golda’s birth, in 1897, Theodore Herzl had created an organised international Zionist movement, dedicated to the restoration of the land of Israel, and the first World Zionist Congress was held at Basle in Switzerland. When Golda arrived in America in 1906, a second wave of immigration to Palestine had followed renewed outbreaks in Russia. As a young teacher in America Golda became an active member of the Labour Zionist party, and represented Milwaukee as a delegate to the American Jewish Congress. In 1924, she and her husband Morris Myerson left for Palestine, then under the British Mandate after the First World War, and joined a kibbutz – a Jewish communal settlement. In those early years of Jewish settlement the kibbutz system, operating on the community-based principle “from each according to capacity and to each according to need”, played a major role in the agricultural development of the country in a harsh and unpromising environment.   Golda eventually became an active participant in the Jewish political life of Palestine. By 1934 she was an executive committee member of the Histadrut, the “General Confederation of Jewish Labour”. Like the Kibbutzim (pl.) the Histadrut also played a key role in the economic development of the country. It began as the sole trade union of the Jewish population. However in the absence of an economic base for capital formation, it became necessary for the Histadrut to undertake the task of creating and administering the first large-scale industrial enterprises and financial institutions. By the time Golda became an executive member, the organisation was both defending the rights of Jewish workers and running the leading building and housing company, a bank, a health service and an industrial conglomerate.  In 1938 Golda Myerson attended as the “Jewish observer from Palestine” at the International Conference on Refugees which was called at the resort town of Evian-les-Bains in France. It was a critical moment in Jewish history. The Nuremberg laws depriving the German Jews of their civil rights had been proclaimed in 1935, and the first concentration camp had been opened at Dachau. Germany still allowed its Jews to leave, but the doors of Palestine had been effectively closed by the British. Except for the Dominican Republic and Shanghai, no country would allow the free immigration of refugees. The Australian delegate at Evian, Colonel T.E. White, reflected the mood of the Conference in a memorable statement: “As Australia has no racial problem, we are not desirous of importing one”. In the end Australia agreed to take one of the larger quotas, 9000 refugees over a period of three years.   Golda’s reaction to the Conference was a wish which was almost fulfilled: “There is only one thing I hope to see before I die and that is that my people should not need expressions of sympathy any more.” After the Second World War and the murder of six million Jews (including one and a half million children) in the Nazi Holocaust, the British Mandatory authority effectively closed the gates of Palestine to the survivors. Eventually the Jewish uprising led Britain to announce its intention to withdraw from the Mandate and to refer the issue to the United Nations. During this period Australia’s UN representative Dr. H.V. Evatt (later federal leader of the ALP and Chief Justice of NSW) played an active role in formulating the partition proposal which called for the creation of Israel and a Palestinian state in an economic union, and he was the President of the UN General Assembly at the time the Partition Resolution came to a vote in November 1947. As the UN vote on the Partition Resolution approached, the Jewish Agency, which was at that time the self-governing authority of the Jewish population, prepared for the expected outbreak of hostilities after the Palestinian Arabs rejected partition. In particular the Agency sought the neutrality of King Abdullah of Trans-Jordan, whose Arab Legion, British trained and commanded, was the strongest military force in the region. The task fell to Golda as acting Head of the Political Department of the Agency. The first secret meeting between Golda and Abdullah took place in a house on the Jordan River. Abdullah said that he would not join in any Arab attack, and suggested a further meeting after the UN vote. In May 1948, as Israel’s independence approached, the Arab Legion attacked the Etzion Bloc, a cluster of four Jewish villages near Jerusalem. On 10 May, disguised in Arab costume and accompanied by one of Abdullah’s Bedouin retainers, Golda was smuggled through Trans-Jordan to the King’s palace in Amman. Her mission was to obtain Abdullah’s agreement to a peace on the basis of the UN partition. As she described the conversation in her memoirs, she began by bluntly asking the King “Have you broken your promise to me, after all?” The King responded: “When I made that promise, I thought I was in control of my own destiny, and could do what I thought right. But since then I have learned otherwise.” He then suggested that war could be averted. “Why don’t you wait a few years? Drop your demands for free immigration. I will take over the whole country and you will be represented in my parliament. I will treat you very well and there will be no war.” (Even after he had joined with the seven other countries of the Arab League in the 1948 invasion of Israel, Abdullah was still widely accused of being too accommodating to the Jews. He was assassinated on 20 July 1951 in the Al Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem – at a memorial service for the prime minister of Lebanon, himself assassinated by a Syrian nationalist five days earlier. He was succeeded by his grandson Hussein.) On 14 May 1948, in a ceremony at the Tel Aviv Museum, the State of Israel came into existence with the signing of the Declaration of Independence. The new state would be based on “freedom, justice and peace, as envisaged by the prophets of Israel”, and the Declaration appealed to the Arabs of Israel to “participate in the up-building of the State on the basis of full and equal citizenship.” Golda Myerson attended the ceremony as one of the 38 signatories to the Declaration.  In September 1948, at the height of the Arab invasion, Golda arrived in Moscow as Israel’s first Minister to the Soviet Union. It was a country with a history of intense opposition to Zionism, including the deportation of Zionists to the prison camps of Siberia and laws against teaching the Hebrew language. Nevertheless the Russians had seen the establishment of Israel as a strategic counter to British and American influence in the Middle East, and the Soviet Union had been among the first to give de jure recognition to the new State. When Golda attended the Central Synagogue in Moscow for the Jewish New Year she received a rapturous welcome from some 50,000 Jews enthusiastically cheering in the surrounding streets. The Soviet authorities were alarmed. The leading Yiddish journal was closed down, and the Jewish Anti-fascist Committee was dissolved and its members arrested. Nevertheless the Soviets agreed to provide diplomatic support and to facilitate military supplies. Most important was an airlift of armaments from Czechoslovakia which were crucial to Israel’s survival in 1949. In the next few years, however, the Russians found it more useful to support Arab nationalist movements than to support Israel as a means of contesting British power in the Middle East, and relations progressively deteriorated. The Prague show trial of Jewish Communist officials in 1952, complete with a conspiracy of Israeli “spies”, was followed by the “Jewish doctors’ plot” in 1953, in which Stalin’s physicians were accused of attempting to poison him.  An exponential growth of officially promoted anti-semitism followed, and then the first formal break in diplomatic relations with Israel as the Russians developed their alliances in the Arab world. In 1949 Golda was elected to the first Knesset (Israel’s Parliament, named after the Knesset Hagedolah, the “Great Assembly” of sages who collated the Hebrew Bible after the return from Babylon in the fifth century BCE). Despite the opposition of some religious members to the appointment of a woman, she became Minister for Labour. She introduced the National Insurance Act and other social legislation, and she was also largely responsible for the enormous housing and infrastructure projects needed to cope with the massive waves of immigration which followed independence. In 1956, she followed the custom of adopting a Hebrew name, changing her name from Myerson to Meir, meaning “burn brightly” and pronounced “May-ear”. (Her husband, Morris Myerson, had died in 1951.) In the same year she became Israel’s Foreign Minister, engaging in the secret negotiations with France before the Suez conflict. It was a time when the interests of Israel, Britain and France coincided. Egypt had nationalized the Suez Canal, which had previously been the property of the British and French companies which had built it. At the same time Egypt closed the Canal to shipping to and from Israel and blockaded the Straits of Tiran at the entrance to the Gulf of Akaba, which would otherwise have provided Israel with alternative access to the Red Sea and the East, including Australia. Meanwhile Egyptian irregular forces, described as Fedayeen, were using the Sinai as a base to mount attacks on Israelis in the south of the country. In the war planned by the three temporary allies, the British and French forces seized the Canal Zone, and the Israelis moved through the Gaza Strip to the Sinai to the Canal and to Sharm el Sheikh on the Straits of Tiran. In preparation for the post-war negotiation, Golda visited those places, and described her impressions: “The area of Sharm el-Sheikh is incredibly lovely; the waters of the Red Sea must be the bluest and clearest in the world, and they are framed by mountains that range in colour from deep red to violet and purple. There, in that beautiful and tranquil setting, on an empty shore, stood the grotesque battery of huge naval guns that had paralysed Eilat for so long. Then I toured the Gaza Strip, from which the fedayeen had gone out on their murderous assignments for so many months and in which the Egyptians had kept a quarter of a million men, women and children in the most shameful poverty and destitution.” Meanwhile the US and the USSR joined in demanding that Israel should evacuate the Sinai desert and should depend on international assurances to maintain access to the Red Sea and to protect Israel from attacks by Egyptian irregular forces. Golda then went to the US to engage in “difficult and fruitless negotiations” with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. Her aim was to convince him that Israel should not be forced to withdraw without a peace agreement with Egypt, or at least a formal non-aggression pact. Eventually, faced with unrelenting American and Russian pressure, Israel agreed to a withdrawal from the Sinai in 1957, on the basis that a United Nations Expeditionary Force would shield Israel’s southern border from attack, and that international guarantees would ensure freedom of navigation through the Straits of Tiran. Significantly, it was the failure of these guarantees and the withdrawal of UNEF that resulted in the war of 1967. One of Golda’s proudest achievements as Foreign Minister, however, was the establishment of positive relationships with countries in the developing world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where Israel provided a “shared experience in nation-building”. On her initiative, Israel sent experts with experience of dealing with some of Israel’s development problems, and provided active assistance in agricultural, public health and education projects. In 1960 Adolf Eichmann, the Nazi official who was in charge of organizing the transport of millions of the Jews of Europe to the extermination camps, was found in hiding in Argentina by Israeli agents. He was seized and smuggled out of the country, and brought to Israel for trial. Argentina accused Israel of violating its sovereignty and demanded that the prisoner be returned. Golda addressed the Security Council with a powerful speech, and eventually Argentina was persuaded to accept an apology and to withdraw its demand for Eichmann’s return. In 1966 Golda retired as Foreign Minister and left the government. However after a short time duty called again, and as Secretary-General of Mapai (an acronym for the “Labour Party of Israel”) until 1968 she worked to bring together the various fragments of the labour movement to form the entity known as the “Labour Alignment”, which resulted in a new stabilization of the Israeli political scene. However she was not part of the government of Levi Eshkol during the Six-day War of 1967, and the intense diplomatic pressures which preceded and followed the war were handled in a rather different style (and with some misgivings in the Cabinet) by the polished and urbane Abba Eban as Foreign Minister. Then, in February 1969, Levi Eshkol died in office. A contest for the succession now arose between Defence Minister Moshe Dayan, a former Chief of Staff and Deputy Prime Minister Yigal Allon, the former leader of the Palmach commando force. In order to avoid a damaging political split the Central Committee of the Labour Alignment called on Golda Meir, now nearly 71 years of age and diagnosed with lymphoma, to return from her retirement and become Prime Minister. The period of her government was momentous. It began during a war and with a fruitless search for peace. A new concept of Palestinian identity emerged, together with the international terrorist strategy of a re-organised Palestine Liberation Organisation under Yasser Arafat. For the first time Jews were permitted to emigrate from the Soviet Union to Israel; the first settlements appeared in the Territories; and Israel was shaken to the core by the surprise attack of the October War of 1973.  As the new Prime Minister of a tiny country of three million people (about one-third the size of Tasmania) Golda came to office at a time of national optimism. Two years earlier the forces of Egypt, Syria and Jordan had massed on Israel’s borders. The “guarantees” that Golda had received in 1956 had proved worthless. The United Nations Emergency Force in the Sinai had simply been withdrawn at Egypt’s demand, and Egypt had blockaded the Straits of Tiran in defiance of the international assurances that had been given in 1956. On 25 May 1967 Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser had announced to the Egyptian parliament:  “The problem before the Arab countries is not whether the port of Eilat should be blockaded or how to blockade it – but how totally to exterminate the State of Israel for all time.” In a pre-emptive strike on 6 June 1967 Israel had effectively destroyed the opposing air forces on the ground, and gained possession in the ensuing war of the Sinai, the Gaza strip, the West Bank, the Golan and East Jerusalem (including the holy places in the Old City.   Then, in Resolution 242 the Security Council had affirmed “the principles which should apply in the establishment of a just and lasting peace”, including the “right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force”. Now, as Golda began her term as Prime Minister in 1969, Israel’s existence was no longer precarious and problematical. The country had survived a threat of attack by its three immediate neighbours, and the Territories now in its possession created a “strategic depth” which provided a sense of security which had not been known since the state was established. The policy adopted by the Israeli government was therefore to demand full recognition by the confrontation states as well as direct face-to-face negotiations with them, in order to achieve a secure long-term peace in exchange for territory as envisaged by Resolution 242. However in 1969 the prospects of such a negotiated peace did not seem to be great. In September 1967 the Arab League Conference at Khartoum had issued the statement which came to be known as the “Three No’s”: “No peace, no negotiations, no recognition.” Dr. Gunnar Jarring, the Swedish ambassador appointed as the United Nations Special Representative to explore peace negotiations under Resolution 242, reached an impasse. He reported to the Security Council that  “the Israeli Government was of the firm view that a settlement of the Middle East question could be reached only through direct negotiations between the parties culminating in a peace treaty and that there could be no question of withdrawal of their forces prior to such a settlement. The United Arab Republic and Jordan, for their part, insisted that there could be no question of discussions between the parties until the Israeli forces had been withdrawn to the positions occupied by them prior to 5 June 1967.” Meanwhile on the ground the “War of Attrition” increased in intensity. Immediately after the Six-day War both the Soviet Union and Egypt had decided that it was a political necessity to avenge what they saw as a humiliating defeat. The Russians sent massive arms shipments to Egypt including new MiG fighter planes and improved SAM missiles. Eventually over 10,000 Russian military advisers arrived, and a Soviet naval armada appeared in the eastern Mediterranean. The original Egyptian strategy was a campaign of artillery bombardments across the Suez Canal aimed at the Israeli forces in the Sinai. The intention was to cause a continuous flow of casualties and force the Israelis into a unilateral withdrawal from the Canal. The prospect of any such withdrawal without peace or recognition was as unacceptable to Israel as was the prospect of passively absorbing the bombardment indefinitely. Israel therefore responded with an intensive retaliation, including the bombing of military positions deep inside Egypt. On taking office Golda renewed the call for peace: “We are prepared to discuss peace with our neighbours, all day and on all matters.” Three days later Egyptian President Nasser replied. “There is no voice transcending the sounds of war, and no call holier than the call to war”. As the military situation escalated and the prospect of serious international conflict loomed, the Americans decided to promote a full-scale peacemaking effort, complete with peace plans, international conferences and US-Soviet dialogue. It was a difficult situation for an Israeli government demanding Arab recognition and direct negotiation, and in September 1969, the new Prime Minister flew to Washington to meet with President Nixon. Golda recorded her emotions as Israel’s national anthem Hatikvah (“The Hope of 2000 years”) was played on the White House lawn, but no joint communiqué was issued, and the content of the discussion was never disclosed. By 1970 Israeli and Soviet pilots were engaged in direct combat in the air, and four Russian MiG’s were shot down. As the threat of full-scale warfare intensified, the American peace plans became a less ambitious proposal for a ceasefire. Nasser urged the Russians to accept it and the ceasefire came into effect in August 1970. Despite the continuing stress of international events, Golda Meir maintained her central interest in improving the conditions of life of the poorest segment of the Israeli population. In a televised address to the nation she called for wage increases for the lowest income earners, and for the middle classes to exercise restraint to make those increases possible. Another campaign was to eliminate the problem of High School drop-outs in the development towns. Meanwhile, in the absence of any prospect of a permanent peace treaty, the Meir government developed policies for a benevolent administration of the Territories in the hope that the inhabitants might find this preferable to the previous rule of Jordan and Egypt.     Moshe Dayan, who remained as Defence Minister, set the tone for that administration  in his instructions to Chaim Herzog, then Military Governor of the West Bank and later President of Israel: “Don’t try to rule the Arabs, let them rule themselves. It’s enough that we suffer from Israeli bureaucracy, they don’t deserve it. I want a policy whereby an Arab can be born, live and die in the West Bank without ever seeing an Israeli official.” In 1969 Israel established the Economic Development and Refugee Rehabilitation Trust, which spent some millions of dollars on infrastructure projects in the camps and provided loans and subsidies for agriculture and new housing. Between 1968 and 1972 agricultural production more than doubled. Per capita income in the West Bank increased by 80% and unemployment in Gaza had been reduced to 2%. In the current conditions of 2005 it is interesting to recall that the journalist Walter Eytan was able to report from Gaza in May 1973 that: “The Arab population is more prosperous, and probably freer, than at any time before, bound by increasing economic and personal ties with Israelis… Where formerly unemployment was endemic and terrorism was rife, today every able-bodied person can find work either in Israel or in the Gaza Strip itself (where in fact a labour shortage prevails at the present time) while terrorist action for the most part belongs to a nightmare of the past.” At the same time Defence Minister Moshe Dayan called for the establishment of “facts on the ground” in the Territories. Immediately after the 1967 Eshkol’s Deputy Prime Minister, Yigal Allon, who had been Commander of the Palmach commando force in the war of 1947-9, proposed a plan for territorial compromise in the event of peace.  The aim of the “Allon Plan” was to ensure that Israel would always be protected by a defensive barrier along the valley adjacent to the river Jordan and on the road to the south of Jerusalem. With this objective in mind the Meir government permitted the establishment of some ten small settlements in the Jordan Valley and the rebuilding of four settlements in the “Etzion Bloc” near Jerusalem which had been destroyed by the Jordanians in 1947. The settlements established in the Golan Heights after 1967 were also maintained as a defensive barrier in the absence of peace with Syria. There was also the first settlement which had been established by religious activists returning to the Jewish Quarter in Hebron near the tombs of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, which had been destroyed in the Arab riots of 1929. . East Jerusalem, however, including the holy places of Judaism, Christianity and Islam in the Old City, had been incorporated into an undivided city of Jerusalem under Israeli rule in June 1967. In contrast to the previous Jordanian administration which had forbidden Jewish access, the holy places were now open to the adherents of all religions. Henceforth the indivisibility of a united Jerusalem under Israeli sovereignty remained a central doctrine, almost universally supported by Israelis and the Jewish Diaspora, and notwithstanding repeated condemnation by the United Nations. All this occurred within the context of an official policy of opposition to the concept of a Palestinian state as part of any peace settlement, which Golda Meir announced and repeatedly explained. Israel and Jordan were the two state successors to the British Mandate, she noted, and “there is no room for a third. The Palestinians must find the solution to their problem together with that Arab country, Jordan, because a Palestinian State between us and Jordan can only become a base from which it will become even more convenient to attack and destroy Israel.” Meanwhile the Palestine Liberation Organisation had taken took new shape after Yasser Arafat and his Fatah movement gained control at the Palestinian National Assembly in Cairo in July 1968. Arafat’s program was clearly stated: “Our basic aim is to liberate the land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan River. We are not concerned with what took place in June 1967 or in eliminating the consequences of the June war. The Palestinian revolution’s basic concern is the uprooting of the Zionist entity from our land and liberating it.” (The Palestine National Charter, incorporating this principle, was adopted by the Assembly at the same conference. It is available, updated to 2005, at www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/plocov.htm although it no longer appears on the official website of the Palestinian Authority.) The PLO acted as a roof body for a dozen different Arab “guerilla” organisations, the most active of which were the Fatah and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, a Marxist group. Initial PLO campaigns in the Territories in 1968 and 1969 were eventually contained by the Israeli military, and in the absence of local support in the Territories for “guerilla” attacks in Israel in the relatively benign conditions of the time, the PLO now embarked on an international campaign of action against soft civilian targets. The first such attack occurred on 13 February 1970, when a Swissair plane was sabotaged and the passengers and crew were killed, and on the same day seven residents of a Jewish old age home in Munich were killed. At the same time the PLO began to establish “state within a state” within Jordan. In September 1970, the PFLP hijacked four international airliners, landed three of them on an airstrip inside Jordan, and blew them up. In the context of the ceasefire with Israel, Egypt closed the PLO offices in Cairo. King Hussein decided to move against the PLO threat to the Hashemite regime, and Jordan erupted into civil war. With Russian encouragement Syrian tanks crossed the Jordanian border and an Iraqi division which had remained in Jordan since 1967, also supported the PLO forces. Eventually an Israel mobilization and US naval deployment persuaded the Syrians and Iraqis to withdraw, and Hussein overwhelmingly defeated the PLO forces. By 1971 their new centre of operations had moved to south Lebanon. The new international campaign against civilian targets now accelerated. On 10 May 1972, gunmen of the “Japanese Red Army” opened fire in Lod airport, killing 27 passengers, including 21 Christian pilgrims. In September 1972, eleven Israel athletes were murdered at the Olympic Games in Munich, by a group calling themselves “Black September” in recollection of Hussein’s defeat of the PLO. The perpetrators who had been arrested by the German authorities were later released following a PLO plane hijack, and most were later tracked down and killed by the Mossad. Meanwhile many of the Jews of the Soviet Union had reacted to the events of the Six-Day War with a campaign for the right to emigrate to Israel. The leaders were arrested and exiled to Siberia, but the campaign gathered force and received international support, and by 1972, 32,000 Jews were allowed to leave. One of Golda’s many trials during this period was an unsuccessful mission to Vienna to persuade the Austrian Premier Bruno Kreisky not to close the transit station for the Soviet emigrants after the PLO bombed an Austrian train. Then, on 6 November 1973, the Soviet-Egyptian-Syrian alliance put into effect their plans to avenge the defeat of 1967.  The proposed invasion had been well camouflaged, indeed kept absolutely secret from all but the Presidents and Chiefs of Staff of Egypt and Syria until the day before the attack, with even the military command instructed that they were merely engaged in exercises.  Russian advisers were ceremoniously expelled from Egypt in 1972, cordial peace negotiations with the US continued until the last moment, unarmed men strolled along the front lines, and Egyptian officers announced a proposed pilgrimage to Mecca. It was also the time when US President Nixon was deeply enmeshed in the Watergate scandal and threatened with impeachment for his role in the telephone bugging of the Democrat headquarters during the previous election.   The invasion began at 2 pm on Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement, a day of fasting and prayer on which all but the most essential activity totally ceases in Israel. Following an intense bombardment by missiles and artillery, tens of thousands of Egyptian infantrymen crossed the Canal in boats, bridges were laid, and hundreds of Egyptian tanks raced north through the Sinai desert. As the Israel tanks moved forward to meet them from the mountain passes, they faced a new Soviet secret weapon, the “Sagger” anti-tank missiles, infantry-operated tracer-guided rockets capable of totally destroying their targets and incinerating their crews. At the same time the new Soviet surface-to-air SAM missiles brought down large numbers of Israeli planes. Simultaneously with the Egyptian crossing, Syrian helicopter-borne troops seized the strategic observation point at the summit of Mount Hermon. An artillery bombardment was then followed by the advance of some eight hundred tanks into the Golan Heights, almost entirely overcoming the first Israeli resistance. It appeared that a full-scale invasion of northern Israel was imminent.   Israel was caught unprepared for the onslaught. The intelligence assessment had been that the confrontation states were definitely not ready for war, that the observed troop concentrations did not present a threat, and that Israel could rely on the strategic depth created by possession of the Sinai. When knowledge of the impending attack became more definite on the day before the invasion, Golda called an emergency meeting, and it was decided to order a partial mobilization. At Golda’s insistence a pre-emptive strike was ruled out.  By the second day of the war the Israeli cabinet decided that the most urgent threat to Israel’s survival came from the north and that the newly mobilized reserves should be concentrated on the Syrian front. After desperate battles in which the few remaining Israeli tanks held the line, reinforcements arrived and a counter-attack eventually drove deep into Syrian territory, and within artillery range of Damascus. Meanwhile a Soviet airlift, commencing on 8 October, delivered immense quantities of armaments to Egypt. At first the American policy was not to intervene. According to Sachar (see Note 2 below): “Joseph Sisco and the other professionals at the Near East desk favoured a stand-off in the Sinai; Egypt was the key to peace and should not be humiliated once it had reclaimed its honour.” However given the extent of Israeli losses and the scope of the Soviet arms deliveries, it soon became apparent that US interests demanded the prevention of a Soviet-backed military success against an American ally. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger decided that the maintenance of American influence in the Middle East required urgent action, and President Nixon finally authorized the delivery of the desperately needed planes and tanks. The first delivery arrived on 14 October, some eight days after the war began. As Golda was later to claim, her decision not to launch a pre-emptive strike had proved to be a crucial factor in enabling the Americans to come to the rescue at the moment of crisis. As the war progressed the Arab oil producers announced an oil embargo against any nation which assisted Israel. The British and the Europeans responded with an arms embargo on Israel and refused to allow the transit of American arms and planes through their territories. Eventually the Egyptian advance was halted after an immense tank battle in the Sinai, greater in the scope of forces involved than the battle of El Alamein in the Second World War. Then, in a plan devised and led by General Ariel Sharon (Israel’s present Prime Minister), the Israelis forced a bridgehead across the Canal, and established a presence on the Egyptian side which effectively encircled the Egyptian Third Army, which was still on the Sinai side of the Canal. With combined Soviet and Arab pressure the UN Security Council now called for a ceasefire, and this was agreed. Once again Golda called for peace and recognition as a condition for withdrawal, and once again this was frustrated by international pressure. The Arabs intensified the oil embargo, cut production and raised prices astronomically. The Russians threatened to intervene on the ground if the Third Army was not released. A number of third world countries, including the Africans who had benefited from Golda’s plans for co-operative assistance, severed their diplomatic relations with Israel. Eventually, after some months of “shuttle diplomacy” US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger negotiated agreements for “disengagement of forces” with Egypt and Syria. Both agreements required Israel to withdraw from its positions on the ground to new positions some distance back from the ceasefire lines of 1967. In effect the international realities of the “cold war” and the control of oil supplies had denied Israel the opportunity to convert victory into peace. The only achievement was an informal Egyptian agreement to clear the Canal, open it and permit traffic to Israel. It was also a victory which had not come without sacrifice. On the Israeli side over 2,500 young men had been killed. Egypt lost more than 7,700 and Syria more than 2,000 dead. In Israel it was a time of mourning and sober re-assessment, and the government appointed a Commission led by Chief Justice Shimon Agranat to investigate Israel’s intelligence failure and lack of preparedness. However, despite the tragedy of the war, the Labour Alignment was still returned with reduced numbers as the largest party at the election which was postponed from October to December 1973. Eventually Golda formed a coalition which took office in March 1974. In April the Agranat Commission published an interim report which very severely criticized the military leadership, but made no comment on the political responsibility of the government. Ten days after the report was released, and in the face of an outburst of mutual recrimination within the Labour Alignment, Golda Meir resigned. She was succeeded as Prime Minister by Yitzchak Rabin. A postscript. When Anwar Sadat arrived in Jerusalem in 1977 to make his historic offer of peace in an address to the Knesset, Golda Meir was in the receiving line. Later she made a simple comment: “I am looking forward to the day when I can do my shopping in Cairo.” It was a typical Golda remark, communicating immediately the meaning of the peace which Israel longed for, and with a complete absence of rancour. Sadat’s visit to Jerusalem also highlighted the paradox that the peace was arguably achieved because Egyptians had been able to perceive the “War of the 10th of Ramadan” as a great national achievement. On the other hand, despite the eventual hard-fought victory, Israel was badly shaken by the deaths of so many young men in the “Yom Kippur War”. In this sense Golda Meir’s resignation was typical of her leadership in the way in which it reflected the mood of the nation. David Ben Gurion is said to have described Golda as “the only man in the Cabinet”, and she is said to have responded: “How would you like me to describe you as the only woman in the Cabinet?” The apocryphal exchange illustrates much of Golda’s reputation for toughness and clarity of vision - and her insistence on real gender equality to the point of abrasiveness. (There is another account, for example, of a time when there was an outbreak of attacks on women in the street at night, and it was suggested that the women should stay indoors. Golda’s response was that it would be fairer to impose a curfew on the men.) Her formidable clear-sightedness did not, however, imply inflexibility.  Indeed her diplomatic skill involved both the ability to convey the essence of Israel’s needs in simple and dramatic terms, and the capacity to recognize when concessions were necessary in the light of the realities of international power. This also required the courage to stand firm against coalition partners who protested against agreements for ceasefires and troop withdrawals without obtaining a formal guaranteed peace. It was unfortunate that that Golda’s term in office ended at a time of diplomatic isolation and a low point in national morale, although she did live to enjoy the national euphoria of the peace with Egypt to which she had contributed some of the foundation. However she is perhaps most remembered for her ability to convey an understanding of the issues facing Israel with a direct eloquence, as a builder of the nation in its early years with a strong concern for those most in need, and for the trust which she inspired as a firm and steady leader in times of crisis. NOTES

i don't know

In which country was Angelica Huston born?

Anjelica Huston - Biography - IMDb Anjelica Huston Biography Showing all 59 items Jump to: Overview  (3) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (1) | Trivia  (39) | Personal Quotes  (13) | Salary  (2) Overview (3) 5' 10" (1.78 m) Mini Bio (1) Anjelica Huston was born on July 8, 1951 in Santa Monica, California, to prima ballerina Enrica "Ricki" (Soma) and director and actor John Huston . Her mother, who was from New York, was of Italian descent, and her father had English, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Huston spent most of her childhood overseas, in Ireland and England, and in 1969 first dipped her toe into the acting profession, taking a few small roles in her father's movies. However, in that year her mother died in a car accident, at 39, and Huston relocated to the United States, where the tall, exotically beautiful young woman modeled for several years. While modeling, Huston had a few more small film roles, but decided to focus more on movies in the early 1980s. She prepared herself by reaching out to acting coach Peggy Feury and began to get roles. The first notable part was in Bob Rafelson 's remake of the classic noir movie The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981) (in which Jack Nicholson , with whom Huston was living at the time, was the star). After a few more years of on-again, off-again supporting work, her father perfectly cast her as calculating, imperious Maerose, the daughter of a Mafia don whose love is scorned by a hit man (Nicholson again) in his film adaptation of Richard Condon 's Mafia-satire novel Prizzi's Honor (1985). Huston won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her performance, making her the first person in Academy Award history to win an Oscar when a parent and a grandparent (her father and grandfather Walter Huston ) had also won one. Huston thereafter worked prolifically, including notable roles in Francis Ford Coppola 's - Gardens of Stone (1987), Barry Sonnenfeld 's film versions of the Charles Addams cartoons The Addams Family (1991) and Addams Family Values (1993), in which she portrayed Addams matriarch Morticia, Wes Anderson 's The Royal Tenenbaums (2001) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004). Probably her finest performance on-screen, however, was as Lilly, the veteran, iron-willed con artist in Stephen Frears ' The Grifters (1990), for which she received another Oscar nomination, this time for Best Actress. A sentimental favorite is her performance as the lead in her father's final film, an adaptation of James Joyce 's The Dead (1987) -- with her many years of residence in Ireland, Huston's Irish accent in the film is authentic. Endowed with her father's great height and personal boldness, and her mother's beauty and aristocratic nose, Huston certainly cuts an imposing figure, and brings great confidence and authority to her performances. She clearly takes her craft seriously and has come into her own as a strong actress, emerging from under the shadow of her father, who passed away in 1987. Huston married the sculptor Robert Graham in 1992, The couple lived in the Los Angeles area before Graham's death in 2008. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Larry-115 Spouse (1) Daughter of John Huston and Ricki Soma. Lived in Ireland when she was young. Younger sister of Tony Huston . She had a brief career as a model. Currently lives in Pacific Palisades, California. Is the third generation of Oscar winners. Attended Kylemore Abbey High School in Connemara, Ireland. Granddaughter of Walter Huston . Cat lover -- during an appearance on The Rosie O'Donnell Show (1996), she divulged that she has eight outdoor cats and three indoor cats at her Venice, California home. Was offered the role of Annie Wilkes in the horror film Misery (1990), which she turned down. The role went to Kathy Bates . In Blood Work (2002), she works with Clint Eastwood . In White Hunter Black Heart (1990), Eastwood plays a movie director based on her father, John Huston , in a story about his experiences making The African Queen (1951). Her husband Robert Graham was a famous sculptor. Was a member of the jury at the Cannes Film Festival in 1990. Older half-sister of Danny Huston and Allegra Huston . Was President of the International Jury of the 53rd San Sebastian Film Festival (2005). Other members of the jury were actress Verónica Forqué , actor Enrico Lo Verso , directors Lone Scherfig and Claude Miller , production designer Dean Tavoularis and writer Antonio Skármeta . President of the Jury at San Sebastián International Film Festival. She decided the Silver Shell for the Best Actor: Juan José Ballesta . [September 2005] Her father, John Huston , directed The African Queen (1951) with Katharine Hepburn and played Gandalf in The Return of the King (1980). Anjelica herself later worked with her father's successor, Ian McKellen , in And the Band Played On (1993) and with Cate Blanchett , who appeared in the trilogy, as well as playing Hepburn in The Aviator (2004), in The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004). Also appearing in The Aviator (2004) was her brother, Danny Huston . In Addams Family Values (1993), Wednesday and Pugsley are forced to watch children's videos. Among them is Annie (1982), which was directed by her father, John Huston . There are three generations of Oscar winners in the Huston family: Anjelica, her grandfather Walter Huston and her father John Huston . They are the first family to do so, the second family were the Coppolas - Francis Ford Coppola , Sofia Coppola , Nicolas Cage and Carmine Coppola . Her performance as Lilly Dillon in The Grifters (1990) is ranked #84 on Premiere magazine's 100 Greatest Performances of All Time (2006). Was a member of the jury at the Venice Film Festival in 1996. Was listed as a potential nominee on the 2007 Razzie Award nominating ballot. She was suggested in the Worst Supporting Actress category for her performance in Material Girls (2006); however, she failed to receive a nomination. Is an avid reader and will read anything she can get her hands on. Was chosen for the role of Morticia Addams in The Addams Family (1991) above singer-actress Cher . Was named one of Barbara Walters ' Ten Most Fascinating People of 1991. Speaks French fluently. Was born while her father was in Africa shooting The African Queen (1951). When she received her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on January 22, 2010, she became the third in the Huston family to do so after her father, John Huston , and her grandfather, Walter Huston . Named after her biological maternal grandmother Angelica Soma, who died when Anjelica's mother Ricki was a child. Parents had an age difference of 23 years and both had children from affairs with other people during their marriage (her father's son, Danny Huston with Zoe Sallis and her mother's daughter, Allegra Huston with John Julius Norwich ). Despite this, they never divorced and remained legally married until her mother died in a car accident when Anjelica was age 18. Was in a relationship with Jack Nicholson (late April 1973 - early January 1990). Presented Myrna Loy with her honorary Oscar on March 25, 1991 at the 63rd Academy Awards ceremony. Her father had English, Scottish, Northern Irish, distant German, and very remote Portuguese, ancestry. Her mother was of Italian descent. Is one of 26 actresses to have won an Academy Award for their performance in a comedy; hers being for Prizzi's Honor (1985). The others, in chronological order, are: Claudette Colbert ( It Happened One Night (1934)), Loretta Young ( The Farmer's Daughter (1947)), Josephine Hull ( Harvey (1950)), Judy Holliday ( Born Yesterday (1950)), Audrey Hepburn ( Roman Holiday (1953)), Goldie Hawn ( Cactus Flower (1969)), Glenda Jackson ( A Touch of Class (1973)), Lee Grant ( Shampoo (1975)), Diane Keaton ( Annie Hall (1977)), Maggie Smith ( California Suite (1978)), Mary Steenburgen ( Melvin and Howard (1980)), Jessica Lange ( Tootsie (1982)), Olympia Dukakis ( Moonstruck (1987)), Cher ( Moonstruck (1987)), Jessica Tandy ( Driving Miss Daisy (1989)), Mercedes Ruehl ( The Fisher King (1991)), Dianne Wiest ( Bullets Over Broadway (1994)), Mira Sorvino ( Mighty Aphrodite (1995)), Frances McDormand ( Fargo (1996)), Helen Hunt ( As Good as It Gets (1997)), Judi Dench ( Shakespeare in Love (1998)), Gwyneth Paltrow ( Shakespeare in Love (1998)), Penelope Cruz ( Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008)), and Jennifer Lawrence ( Silver Linings Playbook (2012)). Was the 91st actress to receive an Academy Award; she won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for Prizzi's Honor (1985) at The 58th Annual Academy Awards (1986) on March 24, 1986. She was awarded a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6270 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California on January 22, 2010. Personal Quotes (13) There were many times when my father [ John Huston ] and I didn't agree, but we always became close again because I tended not to stand up to him for long. I seem to have been drawn to dominating men, like my father and Jack [ Jack Nicholson ]. Age is not enviable in America. It's not applauded all that strongly. You have to take it all with a grain of salt. I have a very full life and I am very happy with where I am now. I don't want to change anything. I once wanted to have children and it was not my choice not to have children but it hasn't broken my heart that I haven't. I think unless you're truly, wholeheartedly prepared to make a full-time commitment, you have to really think about it. I certainly wouldn't adopt children just because everybody in show business seems to be doing it. I like to dance. I probably would have been a dancer. I love music, it's good for the soul and dancing is good for people. I dance on my own, I go to classes, I have that sort of energy. I need to dance. People only need to dance to make them feel happy. What do I think of the Yankees? I'm sorry, I don't follow football. I can't help feeling the world is on this terrible roller coaster where nobody can get it up since the atom bomb. Of course, drugs were fun. And that's what's so stupid about anti-drug campaigns - they don't admit that. I was never happily hedonistic. There's no hedonism without a downside. There were times when I hated my nose. But you grow up and you start to recognize that maybe it wasn't a bad thing that you weren't born Barbie. I've never been the kind of actress whose sole interest was sex appeal, so I think that earns you some longevity. And I like character parts. It's a lot more fun and you don't have to rely on being the taste of the moment. That level of fame is probably very difficult to deal with. People screaming your name in the streets, quite honestly, isn't an audience I'm desperate to capture. I'm lucky. The people who tell me they like my work tend to be the kind of people I might be friends with anyway. I have a really nice audience. It was difficult directing myself. For a woman it's extra-hard because you have to spend an hour and a half in hair and make-up and you're late to set up shots and you're changing clothes in the street and there's no time to recover. I think I'm basically a gypsy. You know, from modeling. [on working with her father John Huston on Prizzi's Honor (1985)] We had a great time on Prizzi's Honor. My father is extremely easy to work with. He chooses his actors, places his confidence in them and lets you get on with it. He is living proof that a director doesn't have to run all over the place. I think people become more watchable after 30, when they have something between their ears. Salary (2)

Ireland

Carrasco international airport is in which country?

Anjelica Huston Net Worth - biography, quotes, wiki, assets, cars, homes and more Anjelica Huston Net Worth About Quotes Trivia Born on: 8th Jul 51 Born in: United States Marital status: Single Occupation: Actress Born Anjelica Huston has an estimated net worth of $40 million. Huston, an Academy Award winner  is an American actress. She has earned her net worth from her appearances both in television and in films as well as from her previous work as a model. She studied acting in 1980s which in return landed her a notable role in  in Bob Rafelson's remake of The Postman Always Rings Twice in 1981. In 1985, her performance in  the film adaptation of Richard Condon's Mafia-satire novelPrizzi's Honor won her  the Best Supporting Actress at the Oscars. During the 90s she starred in the movie adaptation of The Addams Family and in  1998 in the Hollywood blockbuster, Ever After: A Cinderella Story . She expanded her horizon in the director's chair following her father's footsteps. Her directorial jobs included  Bastard Out of Carolina in 1996, followed by Agnes Browne in 1999, in which she both directed and starred, and then Riding the Bus with My Sister in 2005. She and actor  Jack Nicholson had an in-off relationship for almost 17 years. Daughter of actor and director John Huston, Anjelica Huston was born in 1951 in Santa Monica, California and spent most of her childhood days in Ireland and England. "I do like the ocean wave, actually. I'm born under the sign of Cancer - the sign of the crab - so I like coastal areas and sunny beaches and such - although not the wide-open and deep seas." "I don't think it's necessarily healthy to go into relationships as a needy person. Better to go in with a full deck." "Where there is age there is evolution, where there is life there is growth." "Some people had fathers who were bankers or farmers, my father made films, that's how I saw it. As for the movie stars, they were just around, some of them were friends, others weren't, it was all just a part of my everyday life." "My biggest ambition is never to be bored. I'm not aggressive enough to strongly run after being an actress." She won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in 1985s Prizzis Honor. She received Academy Award nominations for Enemies, a Love Story in 198) and The Grifters in 1990. She received British Academy Award nominations for her work in the Woody Allen films Crimes and Misdemeanors in 1989 and Manhattan Murder Mystery in 1993. She received her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on January 22, 2010. She was named one of Barbara Walters Ten Most Fascinating People of 1991. Family & relationships

i don't know

Which record company signed Fabian?

Chancellor Album Discography Chancellor Album Discography By David Edwards and Mike Callahan Last update: September 2, 2005 Chancellor records was established in Philadelphia in 1957 by Bob Marcucci and Peter DeAngelis. They were originally housed in a hotel, which had a restaurant called the Chancellor Room, from whence they got their name. The record company benefitted from the exposure they were able to get on the locally-based but nationally broadcast American Bandstand. Almost from the start, Chancellor was distributed by ABC- Paramount. Bob Marcucci was one of the great promoters in rock and roll. He could take good looking, ethnic type teenagers of questionable singing talent and promote them into rock and roll stars. The 1980 movie "Idolmaker" was loosely based on Bob Marcucci. The story of how he found Fabian has become a legend. According to Fabian, who was 14 at the time, " I lived next door to a friend of Bob's. My father had had a heart attack, and there was an ambulance in front of our house. Bob was passing by and thought that his friend might be in trouble. He rushed up, and discovered that his friend was OK. He saw me, and asked if I'd ever thought about making records. I said that I hadn't, but he kept persisting. Several months later, I signed with him." Frankie Avalon was another of Chancellor's stars, actually signed even before Fabian. Although he fit the "teen idol" image, he had been an accomplished musician for years, playing trumpet for a Philadelphia combo named Rocco and the Saints (led by a schoolteacher). He had recorded starting in 1952 (for RCA) and made many television appearances by the time he decided he wanted to be a singer and signed with Marcucci, figuring if James Darren could be a singing star, why not try it himself? Both Frankie Avalon and Fabian put a long series of hits on the charts from 1958 to 1962, which pretty much kept the label afloat. By 1962, however, Fabian had stopped singing to concentrate on making movies. Frankie Avalon had also stopped having hits and was making a series of "beach" movies in Hollywood. With their two major stars gone, Chancellor faded. They tried to make dance records, following in the footsteps of another Philadelphia label, Cameo-Parkway, but were not successful. For all the reputation for finding handsome teen idol-type singers, by the time 1962 rolled around, Marcucci was putting together groups like the Panics who had little of the national appeal of a Frankie Avalon or Fabian. A cover shot of the Panics shows sisters Cindy and Misty (with frightening makeup and expressions) dancing in front of an oldish looking saxophone player (Tony Ferri). [Sonny Richards (drums), Dick Sharp (guitar) and Peter Mastrangelo (keyboards) rounded out the group.] In this case, "The Idolmaker" failed. The hit "Party Lights" by Claudine Clark was pretty much the last gasp for Chancellor Records. Except for perhaps the earliest recordings, the Chancellor material was recorded in stereo. They issued several stereo 45s in 1959-60. Many of the label's hits, however, never made it to LP, and there have been consistent rumors over the years that some tapes were misplaced. The recent CD issues on Taragon are listed here as an indication of stereo availability on the label. The Chancellor record numbers below are given with the mono number (e.g., CHL-5011) first, followed by the stereo number (e.g., CHLS- 5011). The earliest Chancellor label was pink with black printing, "CHANCELLOR" in block letters above the center hole, curved on the perimeter of the label. Deejay versions of this label were white with black print, and this design was used for the deejay labels considerably after the design changed to the black label. The second label is black with silver printing, above the center hole is "Chancellor" in red, above which is a crest in red, blue and yellow, with a white banner underneath reading "Que Je Surmonte" (French for "That I May Overcome," which was the motto of the Chancellor of Shieldhill in County Lanark, Scotland...quite an obscure reference, to be sure). Later, in the 1970s, Bob Marcucci was involved with Romar Records (the label name no doubt derived from RObert MARcucci), distributed by MGM. Romar's label looked suspiciously like Chancellor's, even down to using the same logo with the crest used with the black Chancellor label, and even the "Que Je Surmont" motto. Romar reissued some of the Chancellor material. Today, Marcucci is still involved in the entertainment field, heading up Chancellor Entertainment . We would appreciate any additions or corrections to this discography. Just send them to us via e-mail . Both Sides Now Publications is an information web page, and we have no association with Chancellor Records. Chancellor Records is not currently active. Should you be interested in acquiring albums listed in this discography (which are all out of print), we suggest you see our "Frequently Asked Questions" page and follow the instructions found there. This story and discography are copyright 1999, 2003 by Mike Callahan. CHANCELLOR ALBUM DISCOGRAPHY Number - Title - Artist - [Release Date] (Chart) Contents Chancellor CHL/CHLS-5000 Series. Original issues of the first three albums had the pink label. CHL-5001 - Frankie Avalon - Frankie Avalon [2/58] Issued in monaural only. Oooh! Look-A There Ain't She Pretty/Short Fat Fannie/Young Love/Young And Beautiful/Diana/At The Hop/Honey//I'm Walkin'/Litty Bitty Pretty One/Dede Dinah/The Stroll/My Mom/You're My Girl CHL-5002/CHLS-5002 - The Young Frankie Avalon - Frankie Avalon [1959] Stereo information not available. Pretty Eyed Baby/Too Young To Love/Fever/I Can't Begin To Tell You/Trumpet Instrumental (Bella del Mondo)/Hallelujah I love Her So//Undecided/The One I Love/Teach Me Tonight/Shy Guy/Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall/Hold Me CHL-5003/CHLS-5003 - Hold That Tiger! - Fabian [1959] (5-59, #3) Surprisingly, the hit "Tiger" is NOT on this LP! Tiger Rag (S)/Hold Me (In Your Arms) (S)/Ooh What You Do (S)/I Don't Know Why (S)/Please Don't Stop (S)/Lovesick (S)/Gonna Get You (S)//Love Me Love My Tiger (S)/Don't You Think It's Time? (S)/Just One More Time (S)/Cuddle Up A Little Closer (S)/Steady Date (M)/Turn Me Loose (S) At this point, label changes from the pink design to the black design with the crest. Later issues of all three of the albums above have the black label. CHLX-5004/CHLXS-5004 - Swingin' On A Rainbow - Frankie Avalon [1959] (12-59, #9) Cover is gatefold type with 4 pages of Frankie Avalon pictures and a tear out poster of Frankie Avalon. Swingin' On A Rainbow (S)/Secret Love (S)/She's Funny That Way (S)/Sandy (S)/Trouble With Me Is You (S)/Talk Talk Talk (S)//You're Just Too Much (S)/What's The Reason (I'm Not Pleasin' You) (S)/Try a Little Tenderness (S)/Birds Of A Feather (S)/Step In The Right Direction (S)/Them There Eyes (S) CHLX-5005/CHLXS-5005 - The Fabulous Fabian - Fabian [11/59] (12-59, #3) Cover is gatefold type with 4 pages of Fabian pictures and a tear out poster of Fabian. Remember Me (S)/Ain't Misbehavin' (S)/Gotta Tell Somebody (S)/Everything Is Just Right (S)/Gimme A Little Kiss (S)/Learnin' (S)//Gotta Make You Mine (S)/I'm Sincere (S)/You'll Never Tame Me (S)/Any Ole Time (S)/Give (S)/You Excite Me (S) CHV-5006/CHVS-5006 - Hymns Of Heaven And Earth - Vatican Choirs [1960] Stereo information not available. Pange Lingua/Tantum Ergo/Mira Tuo Popolo/Panis Angelicus/Ave Maria/Oremus Pro Pontifice/Crux Fidelis/Tu Es Petrus/Inno A San Pietro/Statuit CHL-5007/CHLS-5007 - Guitar To Remember - Bill Faith [1960] Stereo information not available. Holiday For Strings/Affair To Remember/Girl Next Door/With All My Heart/Mimi/Evening Rain/Trolley Song/Untouchable/Secret Love/Getting To Know You/Jeepers Creepers/Drizzle CHL-5008/CHLS-5008 - Great Pickin' - Al Caiola and Don Arnone [1960] Stereo information not available. Caravan/Cosmopolitan/Foggy Day/Like The Moon Above You/Lover Come Back To Me/On the Alamo/Birds Of A Feather/Tree In The Park/Blue You/Chinese Guitar/Stompin' At The Savoy CHL-5009 - The Hitmakers - Frankie Avalon/Fabian [1960] Issued in monaural only. Why - Frankie Avalon/Bobby Socks To Stockings - Frankie Avalon/I'll Wait For You - Frankie Avalon/Just Ask Your Heart - Frankie Avalon/A Boy Without A Girl - Frankie Avalon/Venus - Frankie Avalon//Tiger - Fabian/Turn Me Loose - Fabian/Mighty Cold (To A Warm Warm Heart) - Fabian/This Friendly World - Fabian/I'm A Man - Fabian/Hound Dog Man - Fabian CHL-5010/CHLS-5010 - Introducing Linda Lawson - Linda Lawson [1960] Are You With Me/Where Flamingos Fly/But Beautiful/Me and My Shadow/You Don't Know What Love Is/Easy to Love/Meaning of the Blues/Mood Indigo/Like Young/Hi-Lili Hi-Lo/Make the Man Love Me/Up Pops Love CHL-5011/CHLS-5011 - Summer Scene - Frankie Avalon [1960] Inside sleeve has song titles and "Win a Date with Frankie Avalon" contest. Summer Scene (S)/Did You Ever See A Dream Walking? (S)/If I Had You (S)/Swingin' Down The Lane (S)/On The Sunny Side of the Street (S)/It's Only A Paper Moon (S)/June Night (S)//For Me And My Gal (S)/If You Were The Only Girl In The World (S)/For Sentimental Reasons (S)/Over The Rainbow (S)/Love Letters In The Sand (S)/The Things We Did Last Summer (S) CHL-5012/CHLS-5012 - Good Old Summertime - Fabian [1960] Inside sleeve has song titles and "Win a Date with Fabian" contest. Medley: In the Good Old Summertime-You Are My Sunshine-By The Beautiful Sea (S)/Five Foot Two (S)/Memories Are Made Of This (S)/Red Sails In The Sunset (S)/My Blue Heaven (S)/You Call Everybody Darlin' (S)//I Can't Believe You're In Love With Me (S)/By The Light Of The Silvery Moon (S)/Put Your Arms Around Me Honey (S)/Ain't She Sweet (S)/If I Could Be With You (One Hour Tonight) (S)/I Can't Give You Anything But Love (S) CHL-5013 CHJ-5014/CHJS-5014 - Apperception - Jimmy Wisner [1960] Stereo information not available, but probably true stereo. This album was reissued on CD outside the US (probably Europe) on 30 October 2001 on the Blue Moon label. Some tracks may have been remastered from the mono source rather than the stereo. Northcountry Distributors apparently distributed the CD in the US from the import market. Sometimes I Feel Like A Motherless Child/Love Look Away/My Old Flame/Laura/I'll Remember April/Apperception/Baby Shoes/Timeless/Wind/Stella By Starlight CHL-5015/CHLS-5015 - Tonight At 8:30 - Carol Lawrence [1960] Sleepin' Bee/Lazy Afternoon/It Never Was You/This is All Very New to Me/8 others CHL-5016/CHLS 5016 - College Confidential (Soundtrack) - Dean Elliot [1960] Stereo information not available. The Mexican version of the LP (shown at right), issued on Gamma/Chancellor GL-151-003 in 1963, shows a photo of Mamie Van Doren and is considerably more provacative than the US cover. Main Title/Faux Pas/Make The Scene/Breakup/Blues Train/Mad Dad/Lazy Lady/So Be It (Blues)//Wild Ride/Gotta Be Hot Or Cold/Decision/Prelude & Lovers Quarrel/Let's Go/Raid/So Be It (Jazz)/End Title CHL-5017/CHLS-5017 - Wild! Wildwood! Recorded Live - Various Artists [1960] First cover is in the "exposé" theme made popular by Confidential Magazine in the 1950s, and is in keeping with theme of CHLS 5016, above. Stereo information not available. Boston Hop - Playboys/Hi Yo Silver - Playboys/One For My Baby - Playboys/Young George - George Young Group/Flyin' Home - George Young Group/What'd I Say - Cousins/Oh Marie - Cousins/When Your Lover Has Gone - Nite-Trons/When the Saints Go Marchin' In - Cousins and Nite-Trons CHL-5017/CHLS-5017 - Wild! Wild! Twist: Recorded Live - Various Artists [1962] Reissue of Wild! Wildwood! with a new cover to take advantage of the "twist" dance craze. Stereo information not available. Boston Hop - Playboys/Hi Yo Silver - Playboys/One For My Baby - Playboys/Young George - George Young Group/Flyin' Home - George Young Group/What'd I Say - Cousins/Oh Marie - Cousins/When Your Lover Has Gone - Nite-Trons/When the Saints Go Marchin' In - Cousins and Nite-Trons CHL-5018 - A Whole Lotta Frankie - Frankie Avalon [1961] (10-61, #59) Issued in monaural only. Why/Venus/Bobby Sox to Stockings/Don't Throw Away All Those Teardrops/I'll Wait For You/Don't Let Love Pass Me By/All Of Everything/Where Are You/Togetherness/Dede Dinah/Just Ask Your Heart/Perfect Love/Talk Talk Talk/Two Fools/Call Me Anytime/Ginger Bread/Tuxedo Junction CHL-5019 - Rockin' Hot - Fabian [1961] Issued in monaural only. Tongue Tied/Nobody/Somebody Else/Singin' The Blues/Little Meanie Jeanie/King Of Love//Hey Little Girl/Kansas City/A Special Kind Of Love/Written In The Book/My Babe/Tomorrow CHLX-5020 - Art Of Singing - Carlo Menotti [1961] (2-LP set) Issued in monaural only. Preparatory Exercises/Phrase Fragment/Arpeggio and Rhythm/Minor and Augmented Phrases. With comments from Frankie Avalon, Lucille Ball, Pat Boone, Red Buttons, Bobby Darin, Dion, Maurice Evans, Fabian, Connie Francis, Julius LaRosa, Hal March, Peter Palmer, Carmel Quinn, Dick Rogers, and Dick Roman. CHL-5021 - The Veryest - George Young Revue [1961] Issued in monaural only. Secret Love/Basin Street/Theme For Jacqueline/Birth Of The Blues/Maleguena/Chantilly Lace//Bill Bailey/Mr. Wonderful/And The Angels Sing/Teach Me Tonight/I'll Walk Alone/Heavy Juice CHL-5022/CHLS-5022 - And Now About Mr. Avalon - Frankie Avalon [1961] The Music Stopped (S)/Our Love Is Here To Stay (S)/Lotta Livin' To Do (S)/I Wish You Love (S)/Sail A Crooked Ship (S)/It Started All Over Again (S)//The Lonely Bit (S)/The End Of A Love Affair (S)/Can't You Just See Yourself (S)/What Is This Thing Called Love (S)/Opposites Attract (S)/Standing On The Corner (S) CHL-5023/CHLS 5023 - Dixieland With A Twist - Carpetbaggers [1962] Stereo information not available. Ja-Da/Sweet Georgia Brown/Southern Style/Carpetbagger's Twist/Preacher/All Heart No Soul/Hand Me Down My Walking Cane/Some Of These Days/I'm a Ding Dong Daddy From Dumas/How Come You Do Me Like You Do/Rock A Bye Your Baby With a Dixie Melody/Alexander's Ragtime Band Pep Twist CHL-5024/CHLS-5024 - Fabian's 16 Fabulous Hits - Fabian [1962] Stereo information not available. Hong Kong/I'm A Man/Come On And Get Me/Gonna Sit Right Down And Write Myself A Letter/Kissin' And Twistin'/Stop Thief/Love That I'm Giving You/Tiger/Just Keep On Going/About This Thing Called Love/Got The Feeling/Strollin' In The Springtime/String Along/Hypnotized/Long Before/Turn Me Loose CHL-5025/CHLS-5025 - Italiano - Frankie Avalon [1962] Stereo information not available. Italiano/Non Ti Scordar Di Me/Anema E Core/Non Dimenticar/Don't Ever Leave Me/Just Say I Love Her/Zingarella/You're Breaking My Heart/Solo Tu/Tornerai/You're My Rose/Capuccina CHL-5026/CHLS-5026 - Panicsville - Panics [1962] Stereo information not available. Bony Moronie/New Orleans Twist/Please Mr. Postman/French Twist/Money/Panicsville//Ram-Bunk-Shush/Swingin' Shepherd Twist/Lucille/Mystery Train/Twistin' Good/Peter Gunn Twist CHL-5027/CHLS-5027 - You Are Mine - Frankie Avalon [1962] Stereo information not available. You Are Mine/I'll Buy That Dream/I'll See You In My Dreams/I Care For You/I'll Never Stop Loving You/Yes I'm In Love//The More I See You/Honestly I Care/Sunday Monday or Always/If I Had You/If You Were The Only Girl In The World/With You With Me CHL-5028/CHLS-5028 - Dance On The Wild Side - Various Artists [1962] Stereo information not available. Fat Backs And Greens - Playboys/Duck Walk - Playboys/Hey Mrs. Jones - Playboys/Flamingo - Cousins/Twistin' Marie - George Young Group/Night Train Twist - Playboys//Take A Chance On Love - Playboys/Booty Green - Playboys/Clappin' - Playboys/St. Louis Blues Twist - Cousins/Goody Goody - Cousins/Birdland Hully-Gully Twist - George Young Group CHL-5029 - Party Lights - Claudine Clark [1962] Issued in monaural only. Party Lights/Foxy/Havin' A Party/Happy Birthday Baby/Disappointed/Dancin' Party//Freddy Blue Eyes/Your Love/My Turn To Laugh/What Kind Of Party/Somebody Else Is In My Place/Party Time CHL-5030 CHL-5031/CHLS-5031 - Christmas Album - Frankie Avalon [1962] Stereo content not available. A Merry Christmas/Blue Christmas/Christmas Magic (The Meaning of Christmas)/White Christmas/You're All I Want For Christmas/Christmas Holiday//Christmas And You/Dear Gesu Bambino/The Christmas Song/Christmas Medley: The First Noel-O Little Town Of Bethlehem-Silent Night/I'll Be Home For Christmas/Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas CHL-5032/CHLS-5032 - Frankie Avalon Sings Cleopatra - Frankie Avalon [1963] Welcome Home/Don't Let Me Stand In Your Way/True, True Love/Who Else But You/If You Don't Think I'm Leaving/Dance the Bossa Nova/Heartbeats/Gotta Get a Girl/Married/Summer of '61/After You're Gone/Sleeping Beauty/Miracle 69800 Series: CHL-69801 - Young And In Love - Frankie Avalon [1960] Issued in monaural only. Special cover with red felt-like covering, die cut front to frame a picture of Frankie Avalon on the inner sleeve. Young And In Love/Honestly I Care/Younger Than Springtime/Yes I'm In Love/I'll Never Stop Loving You/While We're Young//You Were Meant For Me/I'll Buy That Dream/With All My Heart/I Care For You/You Make Me Feel So Young/I'll See You In My Dreams CHL-69802 - Young and Wonderful - Fabian [1960] Issued in monaural only. Special cover with blue felt-like covering, die cut front to frame a picture of Fabian on the inner sleeve. Young And Wonderful/All Of Me/Think Of Me/It's A Sin To Tell A Lie/Take Me/It Had To Be You//Deed I Do/Suzie/I Wonder If They Know/All I Do Is Dream Of You/I've Got Nobody/Exactly Like You Sea Horse Records CHS-7000 Series: The following series was issued as "Sea Horse Records, a Division of Chancellor Records." CSH-7001 - Schnappsie - Marla Ray[1960] (Narration) Issued in monaural only. Schnappsie Goes Ice Skating/Schnappsie The Race Driver/Schnappsie Goes to the Dog Show/Schnappsie and the Little Orphan CSH-7002 - Bat Masterson - Eddie Bracken [1960] Issued in monaural only. This record features six stories and six songs. Stories are marked with an asterisk (*). Bat Masterson Theme/*The Day Judge Freeman Was Killed/Six Gold Buttons On His Fancy Vest/*The Duel In the Bella Union/Bat Masterson Tap-a-Roo/*The Lynch Party//The Old Chisholm Trail/*The Hound Dog Gun Duel/Whoo-Pi-Ti-Yi-Yo/*The Palace Café/Little Bat Masterson/*The Stage to Killer's Creek CSH-7003 - World's Greatest Fairy Tales - Marla Ray [1961] (Narration) Issued in monaural only. RELATED ALBUM DISCOGRAPHY: United Artists UAS-6382 - Frankie Avalon's 15 Greatest Hits - Frankie Avalon [1964] Stereo information not available. Venus/Why/Bobby Sox To Stockings/Dede Dinah/Ginger Bread/With All My Heart/Too Young To Love/Don't Let Love Pass Me By/Don't Make Fun Of Me/Where Are You/Who Else But You/A Perfect Love/You Are Mine/I'll Wait For You/Don't Throw Away All Those Teardrops Sunset SUS-5244 - Frankie Avalon - Frankie Avalon [1969] Stereo information not available. More/Days of Wine and Roses/A Perfect Love/Where Are You/Venus//I'll Take Sweden/Moon River/Every Girl Should Get Married/Again/Why ABC ABCX-805 - Frankie Avalon 16 Greatest Hits - Frankie Avalon [1973] Venus (S)/Just Ask Your Heart (S)/A Boy Without A Girl (E)/I'll Wait For You (E)/Dede Dinah (E)/Ginger Bread (E)/Why (S)//You Are Mine (E)/A Perfect Love (S)/Togetherness (S)/Where Are You (E)/Swingin' On A Rainbow (S)/The Puppet Song (E)/Two Fools (S)/Don't Throw Away All Those Teardrops (S) ABC ABCX-806 - Fabian 16 Greatest Hits - Fabian [1973] Issued in monaural only. Tiger/I'm A Man/String Along/Turn Me Loose/About This Thing Called Love/This Friendly World/Come On And Get Me/Hound Dog Man//Got The Feeling/Steady Date/I'm Gonna Get You/Long Before/Mighty Cold/Stop Thief!/Hypnotized/Kissin' And Twistin' Romar 2RMS-2003 - The Rockin' and Rollin' 50's and 60's - Various Artists (2-LP set) [1973] Why - Frankie Avalon (S)/Tear Drops - Lee Andrews & Hearts (E)/Turn Me Loose - Fabian (S)/It's All In The Game - Tommy Edwards (S)/Party Lights - Claudine Clark (M)//Tiger - Fabian (M)/With All My Heart - Jodie Sands (M)/Bobby Sox To Stockings - Frankie Avalon (M)/I'm A Man - Fabian (M)/Lightnin' Strikes - Lou Christie (M)//La Bamba - Richie Valens (E)/De De Dinah - Frankie Avalon (M)/Teen Beat - Sandy Nelson (E)/There's A Moon Out Tonight - Capris (E)/Party Doll - Buddy Knox (E)//Venus - Frankie Avalon (M)/Rhapsody In The Rain - Lou Christie (M, edited "falling star" version)/Hound-Dog Man - Fabian (M)/Teen Angel - Mark Dinning (S)/Why Do Fools Fall In Love - Frankie Lymon & Teenagers (E) TRIP TOP-16-21 - 16 Greatest Hits of Frankie Avalon - Frankie Avalon [1977] Reissue of ABC ABCX-805. Venus (S)/Just Ask Your Heart (S)/A Boy Without A Girl (E)/I'll Wait For You (E)/Dede Dinah (E)/Ginger Bread (E)/Why (S)//You Are Mine (E)/A Perfect Love (S)/Togetherness (S)/Where Are You (E)/Swingin' On A Rainbow (S)/The Puppet Song (E)/Two Fools (S)/Don't Throw Away All Those Teardrops (S) SELECTED RELATED COMPACT DISCS: Taragon TARCD-1018 - The Chancellor Records Story, Volume 1 - Various Artists [1997] I Love My Girl - Cozy Morley (M)/With All My Heart - Jodie Sands (M)/Ginger Bread - Frankie Avalon (M, with countoff)/Turn Me Loose - Fabian (S)/Venus - Frankie Avalon (S, with studio talk and countoff)/I Cried - Joe Damiano (M)/Come On And Get Me - Fabian (S)/Just Ask Your Heart - Frankie Avalon (S)/Hound Dog Man - Fabian (S)/On My Honor - Hearts (M)/Sleeping Beauty - Frankie Avalon (S)/There Is A Boy - Maureen Gray (S)/The Masquerade Is Over - Five Satins (S)/I Wanna Thank Your Folks - Johnny Burnette (S)/Ashes - Screamin' Jay Hawkins (M)/The Telephone Game - Claudine Clark (M)/How About That - Dean Randolph (S)/Walk Me Home (From The Party) - Claudine Clark (M) Taragon TARCD-1019 - The Chancellor Records Story, Volume 2 - Various Artists [1997] Dede Dinah - Frankie Avalon (M)/The Happy Mandolin - Peter DeAngelis (M)/Someday (You'll Want Me To Want You) - Jodie Sands (M)/I'm Happy - Four Dates (M)/I'm A Man - Fabian (M)/Bobby Sox To Stockings - Frankie Avalon (S)/A Boy Without A Girl - Frankie Avalon (S)/Tiger - Fabian (S)/Why - Frankie Avalon (S)/Mr. Twist - Fabulous Four (S)/Voyage To The Bottom Of The Sea - Frankie Avalon (S)/I Don't Want To Cry (In Front Of You) - Maureen Gray (S)/Party Lights - Claudine Clark (M)/Lonely Heart - Five Satins (S)/Tag Along - Johnny Burnette (S)/Walkin' Through A Cemetery - Claudine Clark (M)/Cleopatra - Frankie Avalon (S)/Blue Summer - Royalettes (S) Thanks to Peter Bryan, Glenn Elliott, Sonny Drootin, and John Grecco.

Chancellor

Ron Bower and John Williams set a speed record for going round the world in a what?

Fabian Fabian by • Artists - F , Music - 1950s Born Fabiano Forte in Philadelphia on 6 February 1943, he attended the same boys club as his neighbourhood friends Frankie Avalon and  Bobby Rydell .  All three had budding ambitions to become famous singers. In 1957 Fabian was introduced to Bob Marcucci and Peter de Angelis, who headed Chancellor Records in Philadelphia and was signed to a recording contract. De Angelis reasoned that with Fabian's good looks and just a moderate voice he was destined for major success. De Angelis recounted the story: "We were talking to Frankie Avalon  and he said he knew a fifteen-year-old kid at Southern High who looked like a cross between  Elvis  and  Ricky Nelson . So Bob went over to take a look. He was so pretty, we just knew he had to be a commercial proposition, so we signed him and taught him a few things vocally. But he never really did go much on singing." His first single release in 1958 was Lillie Lou which failed miserably in the chart, but his follow-ups I'm A Man and Turn Me Loose established him as a major attraction. Shrewd guidance by Marcucci and de Angelis, along with brilliant packaging and publicity, kept the wheels of success in motion. Appearances on  American Bandstand  helped too. The girls went wild. Despite being hailed by one music journalist as "the worst pop star in the world", Fabian quickly became a teenage heart-throb. In 1959 he recorded his only million-selling single, Tiger. The same year he was signed to make his first movie, Hound Dog Man. Other films followed in rapid succession including High Time, North To Alaska and  The Longest Day  (1962). Fabian continued to enjoy a successful movie career, and appeared also on television, starring in the celebrated Bus Stop series in the 1960's. After 1970 he reverted back to his original name of Fabian Forte. He never regained his former stature, but has continued performing for more than 40 years, eventually appearing in concert with Frankie Avalon  and Bobby Rydell  as 'The Golden Boys'. He posed for a nude photo spread in  Playboy  in 1974 but regretted it later, saying he looked "fat and stupid". The 1980 movie  The Idolmaker  was a thinly-disguised biography of Fabian (called "Caesare" in the film). In the movie version, singer Caesare - a pretty boy with very little singing talent - goes through a whirlwind of success in a short time, then abruptly fires his songwriters and quits his record label. Fabian threatened a lawsuit at the time of the film's release though the filmmakers insisted that the film presented only fictional characters. "Coincidentally", Bob Marcucci was a consultant on the film. RELATED ARTICLES

i don't know

What was the profession of New Yorker Garry Winogrand?

Paul Graham at the Winogrand Retrospective - The New Yorker Paul Graham at the Winogrand Retrospective By    July 11, 2014 El Morocco, New York, 1955. From the estate of Garry Winogrand, courtesy of Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco. Credit View full screen Paul Graham discovered photography as an English college student in the nineteen-seventies, while studying microbiology at the University of Bristol. One afternoon, at the library, he came upon a bookshelf with American photography books by Walker Evans, Robert Frank, and Lee Friedlander. A couple years later, he walked into a bookshop and found a catalogue for Garry Winogrand’s “Public Relations.” Graham was impressed by Winogrand’s portraits of Manhattan in the late nineteen-sixties and early seventies, but he also thought, “Maybe I could do this.” “I’m not a Winogrand expert,” Graham said the other day, outside the Winogrand retrospective at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A slightly built man, with unspringy black curls and a youthful mien, Graham was wearing a plaid shirt, gray-blue sneakers, and a pair of Clark Kent glasses. “I don’t know how many wives he had. I’m just a fan. But I’m not a blind fan.” Graham, who won the prestigious Hasselblad Award in 2012, said that he took inspiration for “A Shimmer of Possibility,” his own study of American life, from Winogrand’s koan-like belief that “there is nothing as mysterious as a fact clearly described.” Winogrand worked in a daily blur of productivity. Between 1950, when he began making forays from the Bronx to photograph midtown street life, and 1984, when he died of cancer, at fifty-six, he exposed twenty-six thousand rolls of film. He also left behind two hundred and fifty thousand undeveloped images; some can be seen in the current retrospective. “He was nonstop, voracious, incredible work ethic, out every morning,” Graham said, on his way into the galleries. Inside the exhibition, Graham wandered until something snapped him into focus. He paused at a photograph of a muscular young man hoisting a woman aloft and wrestling her toward the surf, from 1952. “The thing about these early ones, they strike me as the work of someone who hasn’t found his voice. They’re of that era of Time-Life photojournalism—someone trying to unshackle himself from popular journalism’s obligatory good cheer, the clanking boxcars of magazine narrative.” A little further on, he admired photographs of elderly people with much seemingly on their minds, none of it optimistic, standing on street corners sometime around 1960. “We’ve charged ahead ten years, and it’s already much richer,” Graham said. “It’s him photographing on his own gambit. He’s gone rogue! It’s haphazard, disorienting.” Graham came to a sudden stop before an image of a well-dressed young white woman and a well-dressed black man at the Central Park Zoo in 1967. Each was carrying a chimpanzee. “That’s the most famous one,” he said. “It was highly controversial at the time. Was it a simplistic comment on biracial couples? She’s improbably beautiful. He’s improbably handsome. She seems a bit weighed down by her chimp, as a baby might weigh you down. I bet Garry loved that controversy!” Winogrand also achieved notoriety as a man who, as Graham put it, “went around photographing women he found attractive. Obviously it was part of his masculine nineteen-sixties id.” Not far from an image of a woman with a large beaded necklace, a larger hat, white gloves, and an unforgettable gaze were shots of beggars and disabled people. “I love that nothing stopped Garry ethically. You’re not supposed to photograph panhandlers, someone who suffers from dwarfism, or leer at beautiful strange women. He’d just put out his lens and do it. Unfortunately, a lot of photographers took that message and got highly aggressive in the streets, trying to provoke reaction. That makes me sad. With Garry, he always had a cloak of invisibility.” Graham found the photographs from “Public Relations” that had inspired him as a young man. He was exhilarated anew. “I think he leaves everything else behind in ‘Public Relations.’ This is the sixties in the public imagination. Look at how rich that hard-hat rally is. The flags, the hats, the signs, the TV booms, the radio mics. It could be a Tea Party rally. The innocent girl in front—it’s as though she’s been dropped in from Kansas. What the hell?!” Graham shook his head. “I love ‘Public Relations’ because he could display all his skills. You’ve got cool blondes at art-museum openings, you’ve got bloodied men at Vietnam War demonstrations, you’ve got women flashing their boobs, and somebody in Central Park obviously off his head running through the park naked.” There was also Muhammad Ali mesmerizing a coterie of white journalists. Graham said that the picture expressed Winogrand’s understanding of the way the boxer had understood the times. Later in the nineteen-seventies, Winogrand ventured west to places like California, taking many of the photos that would end up in his undeveloped trove. Graham was mostly unimpressed. “Boom or bust. They say his vision of America got bleaker towards the end.” He recalled a letter that one of Winogrand’s three wives had sent Winogrand. She complained that he hadn’t paid his taxes or allowed her to have a child because “all he wanted to do was take photographs and talk about his dreams.” A video at the end of the exhibition showed Winogrand himself. His feet were propped up on a table, and his smile was ecstatic. Graham was, too. “It’s awe-inspiring to me, that ability to marshal the world and the flow of life into those few little, extraordinarily powerful moments. We all recognize the Amazonian river of life flowing past us continually, and we usually find a quiet little corner to contemplate in. Winogrand was someone who said, ‘Give me the rapids,’ and he swam across them many times. The form of his pictures is so perfect for the conflicting voices, the mayhem going on: the rich, the poor, the homeless broken people, the beautiful women in miniskirts, the famous people, the casual passersby—you believe everything’s there. His energy and artistry were so extraordinary you almost begin to wonder if he did not bend the moment to his will. Which, in a way, he did. I wonder if he knew how wonderful that was, how profound. I hope he knew.” Nicholas Dawidoff is the author of, most recently, Collision Low Crossers. Nicholas Dawidoff’s most recent book is “Collision Low Crossers: Inside the Turbulent World of N.F.L. Football.”

Photographer

Amelia Earhart was born in which state?

Camera Works: Photo Essay (washingtonpost.com)     Frank Van Riper on Photography Garry Winogrand: Huge Influence, Early Exit By Frank Van Riper Special to Camera Works In 1984, Garry Winogrand, one of the greatest documentary photographers of his era, died early and under-appreciated. Which is not to say that Winogrand, a bluntspoken, sweet-natured native New Yorker, who had the voice of a Bronx cabbie and the intensity of a pig hunting truffles, was by any means unknown or unrewarded for his work. During his short life (he died of gall bladder cancer at age 56) he won a Guggenheim fellowship, was featured in Edward Steichen's classic "Family of Man" exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, and later figured prominently in two major photography shows, also at MoMA, curated by Steichen's successor John Szarkowski, one of Winogrand's early champions. What is beyond question, though, is that the photographer's early death, as well as his own bizarre work habits, prevented the general public from fully grasping his genius – even if any street photographer worthy of the name still genuflects at the mention of this brilliant, bizarre shooter. Simply saying Winogrand's output was large is like saying the Grand Canyon is a hole in the ground. In fact, it is almost impossible to grasp just how much Winogrand photographed during his comparatively short professional life. Consider this: at his death, Winogrand left behind 2500 undeveloped rolls of 36-exposure 35mm film (mostly Tri-X), 6,500 rolls of film that had been developed but not contact-printed&#150not to mention 300 apparently untouched, unedited 35mm contact sheets. Do the math. Conservatively, that's at least 300,000 pictures – equal to at least two life's work for anyone else&#150that Winogrand took but never even saw, so busy he already had been photographing the world around him. "Being married to Garry was like being married to a lens," his first wife told photography curator Trudy Wilner Stack. Colleagues, students and friends describe an almost obsessive picture-taking machine, who roamed his native New York and, during his fellowship year, the rest of the country, producing a body of work that equals – and in my opinion often exceeds&#150that of such documentary photography legends as Robert Frank, Lee Friedlander, Diane Arbus and Henri Cartier-Bresson. Through the prodigious efforts of Trudy Wilner Stack, the Center for Creative Photography at the University of Arizona, where Winogrand's archive resides – as well as the International Center for Photography in New York&#150a new and remarkably diverse section of Winogrand's life has been revealed for the first time. Winogrand 1964 is the name of both a beautifully printed coffee table book (Arena Editions, $60) as well as that of a recently-ended show of this work at ICP midtown. Finally, perhaps, some of the best, yet heretorfore largely unseen, work of this master shooter will find its long-overdue audience. The 1964 photographs are the result of Winogrand's cross-country Guggenheim-funded odyssey in a battered 1957 Ford Fairlane, given to him by his friend Lee Friedlander. "This is Garry Winogrand's America book," Stack says in her afterword to Winogrand 1964. And, indeed, Winogrand set off on his journey mindful that he had huge photographic shoes to fill. Years earlier, Walker Evans had given the world American Photographs and the Swiss-born Robert Frank had raised the bar even further with his seminal book, The Americans. The timing of Winogrand's trip was auspicious – at least in terms of the angst and ennui of the era in which he photographed. Winogrand applied for his grant in the early 60s, at the height of the Cuban missile crisis, when nuclear war suddenly had become a terrifying possibility. In his grant application Winogrand complained that the mass media "all deal in illusions and fantasies. I can only conclude that we have lost ourselves and that the bomb may finish the job permanently, and it just doesn't matter, we have not loved life. I cannot accept my conclusions, and so I must continue this photographic investigation further and deeper. This is my project." By the time Winogrand received his grant, John F. Kennedy had been assassinated, stripping away even further the country's innocence and its sense of invulnerability. Thus, a street-smart Jewish kid from the Bronx, who considered himself whole only when he held a Leica to his eye, hit the road, savoring and reflecting life through his lens. "It's as though his life in photography really took hold in that slow car headed west," Wilner writes. I agree. There is Winogrand the ironist in a stunning picture of a group of elderly VFW types, campaign hats on their heads, cigarettes dangling from their lips, on a street corner in Dallas, all but encircling an elderly and apparently legless mendicant – whom they do not seem even to see. There is a haunting, slightly disturbing, picture from Cincinnati of three young girls in ankle socks and pretty dresses, standing in a line at a curb at night, lit from behind by store or streetlight, leaning into the street yet seemingly held motionless, as a huge car floats by, a face perusing them from the passenger seat. There's a great get from L.A. – one of the few pictures here that has had wide prior currency – showing a man and woman in a convertible on a warm night. The dark-skinned woman stares ahead implacably; her companion, one hand on the wheel, the other on the gearshift, eyes her appraisingly (?) hungrily (?). Your eye goes not only to the man's predatory gaze, but also to the huge white bandage at the bridge of his nose. How did that happen? Is he a prizefighter who took a left hook? Did his girlfriend do this to him? Or is it just a healing nose job? Winogrand gives us no answers; only wonderfully contradictory, perplexing questions contained in seemingly artless 35mm frames. Again we come to technique. Photographer and editor Mason Resnick recalls taking a workshop with Winogrand in 1976, ten years before the photographer died, and marveling at how Winogrand worked. He shot prolifically, Resnick recalled, often shooting an entire roll of film in the space of only one block, never breaking stride. And he was fearless, often standing in front of people to make their picture, yet always smiling or nodding at them, making contact, however brief, with his subjects – who amazingly, never seemed annoyed. [When Resnick tried this smile-and-shoot technique, he was amazed to see that it worked for him too. Nobody beat the crap out of him; some people even smiled back! An object lesson to all street shooters: engagement with a subject is always – always – better than, in effect, taking something without permission. Winogrand was a master at gaining this subtle, yet all-important, access.] By any standard, Winogrand followed in the proud tradition of black and white street shooters, who worked by available light, often with silent-as-night rangefinder Leicas. Yet what makes Winogrand 1964 even more amazing is its generous amount of lush, wonderfully seen color work, most if not all shot on archival Kodachrome slide film. Winogrand "photographed freely in color in 1964, exposing approximately 100 rolls on the trip alone," Wilner writes. "Black and white still dominated [at least four to one], but the color camera was often raised just seconds before or after a black and white shot was taken." If Winogrand's color work does not have the narrative impact of his black and white work, it makes up for it in its spot-on graphic sense, using color and shape the way a jazz musician uses phrasing and tempo to shade a performance. Technique once again: Winogrand almost never developed his film immediately. He said he deliberately waited a year or two in order to lose the memory of the take. "If I was in a good mood when I was shooting one day, then developed the film right away," he told a class, "I might choose a picture because I remember how good I felt when I took it." Better, he maintained to let the film "age," the better to grade slides or contact sheets objectively. Let me say right now: If I ever had to work this way, I'd go nuts. There is an artless formality to much of Winogrand's work here. Not many of the images feature his trademark skewed horizons – made as if he were too busy grooving on the image before him to worry about horizontals and verticals. Yet, interestingly, Winogrand maintained that he never, in effect, shot from the hip, i.e.: photographed without looking through the viewfinder. To do so, he said, would surrender too much control over the final image. In fact, John Szarkowski has maintained that Winogrand's trademark tilt was a conscious consequence of his choice of a wide angle lens, and that the photographer subtly made at least some verticals in his picture "square with the frame" to keep the image from appearing haphazard or confusing. I'm not so sure. I think some of Winogrand's stuff was shot on the fly, with scant regard for composition, only for content. I am sure that Garry Winogrand was a master, with a compassionate, ironic eye, and that there are doctoral dissertations and books yet to come on the incredible trove of 300,000 images that he made but never saw. Frank Van Riper is a Washington-based commercial and documentary photographer and author. His latest book is Talking Photography (Allworth Press), a collection of his Washington Post columns and other photography writing over the past decade. He can be reached through his website www.GVRphoto.com . A must-have for any street-shooter, Winogrand 1964 is a beautiful distillation of the photography Garry Winogrand did during his cross-country odyssey in 1964. Those accustomed only to his bxw work will be surprised by the strength of his color work as well. © from Winogrand 1964 , Arena Editions Garry Winogrand, in late '64, at the end of his Guggenheim year, looking like a young Al Franken without the glasses. Curator Trudy Wilner Stack: "He had a physical, sweet relationship with his children...He favored big cars and really appreciated beautiful woman and a good joke. He loved basketball and had his own camera moves: 'You should see my turnaround jumper.'" ORDER FRANK VAN RIPER'S TALKING PHOTOGRAPHY. Already acclaimed as the photographer's bedside companion, Talking Photography (Allworth Press, $19.95) is award-winning Post photography columnist Frank Van Riper's ten-year collection of his favorite photography columns and essays. This lavishly illustrated paperback already has garnered rave reviews from all walks of photography for its breezy, informative style and unbounded enthusiasm for making pictures. To order directly, go to: Allworth Press

i don't know

What was Phil Collins' last UK No 1 of the 80s?

Phil Collins - Hits - Amazon.com Music Phil Collins Page 1 of 1 Start over Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . Ad feedback Special Offers and Product Promotions Certified Multi-Platinum (2 times) by the RIAA. (2/01) Amazon.com For better or worse, Phil Collins's "In the Air Tonight" was the "Stairway to Heaven" of the '80s, winning radio stations' listener polls and even lending its designer threat to an episode of Miami Vice. Hits recalls the days when the Collins name on a disc ensured its immediate embrace by programmers and the public. How you feel about these songs will depend on how you felt about them then; despite the undeniable niceness of "Take Me Home" and "One More Night," they're unlikely to win over anyone who didn't adore them to begin with. Those who cared, though, will no doubt be gladdened to find most of Collins's biggest tunes together on one disc. --Rickey Wright Track Listings   2. Dance Into The Light   3. Another Day In Paradise   4. Easy Lover   5. You Can't Hurry Love   6. Two Hearts   7. I wish it would rain down   8. Against All Odds (Take A Look At Me Now)   9. Something Happened On The Way To Heaven   10. Separate Lives (Love Theme From White Nights)   11. Both Sides Of The Story   12. One More Night   14. A Groovy Kind Of Love   15. In The Air Tonight (Extended)   16. Take Me Home Audio CD (September 25, 1998) Original Release Date: October 6, 1998 Number of Discs: 1 By Jeff Pearlman on December 26, 2012 Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase I resisted this for a long time because of what's missing but finally gave in and got it.* Missing, of course, are "I Missed Again", "Don't Lose My Number", and "Do You Remember?", among several lower-charting hits. But, at 74 minutes, there was probably only room for one more song. I feel that "I Missed Again" should have been that song: it was Collins' first solo hit and one of his best. Over time, "True Colors" pales even more in comparison to the other songs here. However, it was hardly unusual to include a new song on a hits disc and it did become a sizable Adult Contemporary (and minor pop airplay) hit. What's here are the bulk of Collins' biggest chart hits through 1998 ("You'll Be In My Heart" came after this was released), and they are great. This collects soundtrack hits from "Buster" ("A Groovy Kind of Love" and "Two Hearts") and "White Nights" ("Separate Lives", a duet with Marilyn Martin). It also includes "Easy Lover", the #2 duet with Philip Bailey, from Bailey's album "Chinese Wall". When these were hits, I was actually a bit resentful of Phil Collins' saturation airplay. I couldn't understand why other pop/AC icons I enjoyed, such as Barry Manilow, Neil Diamond, and James Taylor, could barely dent the chart while Collins and Lionel Richie were played constantly. Of course, this was a radio programming choice and had nothing to do with the artists. I have grown to appreciate these songs more over time. Phil Collins didn't look like your typical Top 40 pretty boy, and pulled off this string of hits with humor, class, and taste. As of 2012, sadly, pop radio is as deaf to Phil as it was to the above stars back in the day. This should have been a 2-disc set, with all Phil's 28 chart hits plus some LP cuts like "Like China" from "Hello, I Must Be Going". *Now I see that there is an import 2-disc set that has most of the hits this is missing. With the exception, oddly, of "Take Me Home". By Tom Hockman on August 27, 2013 Format: Audio CD|Verified Purchase I was a big fan of Phil Collins work in Genesis and solo work from 1980 - 85. The guy couldn't miss. Every project he was on was a huge hit. By 1986, Geneisis was getting lamer and I began to get Phil overload. I ignored his work thereafter, but couldn't help hearing some song on the soft rock stations and soundtracks. Listening to this collection, I can see I was right. Everything after 1985 is soft pop crap that doesn't stand up over time. It's a more drastic turn in style than Rush or Eric Clapton ever made, but for the worse. It's hard to believe the singer on Both Sides of the Story is the same guy who led Genesis after the departure of Peter Gabriel. Missing from this set is I Don't Care Anymore and Don't Lose My Number as two examples of his better rockers from the early 80's. Do yourself a favor and just buy Face Value, Hello, I Must be Going, and No Jacket Required. By Denyse on April 16, 2013 Format: MP3 Music|Verified Purchase I'm a big fan of Phil Colins and when I see Amazon had his whole album for $2.99 I had to buy it. The album didn't dissapoint at all, and it was well worth the $2.99 that I spend. I love every single song on this Phil Colins "Greatest Hits" album. I played them over and over on my Ipod because these songs are classic. All the songs on the album are hits and has reached number 1 or are in the top 20 on the billboard charts . The selection of songs are great. Althought I love all the songs on the album, I do have my favorites. My five favorite songs are "Take A Good Look At Me Now", "Another Day In Paridise", "Sussudio", "One More Night" and "Two Hearts". Overall this is a great album and if you are a huge Phil Collins fan, you should get this album. I guarantee you will not be disappointed.

Another Day in Paradise

What was Al Pacino's first movie?

Phil Collins - Biography - IMDb Phil Collins Biography Showing all 170 items Jump to: Overview  (4) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (3) | Trade Mark  (7) | Trivia  (64) | Personal Quotes  (91) Overview (4) 5' 6" (1.68 m) Mini Bio (1) Phil Collins was born in Chiswick, London, England, to Winifred (Strange), a theatrical agent, Greville Philip Austin Collins, an insurance agent. He spent most of his early entertainment life as a young actor and model. He played the "Artful Dodger" in the West End production of "Oliver!" alongside the future movie screen "Artful Dodger," Jack Wild . His interest in music and drumming began at school, where he drummed with a stage school band "The Real Thing," subsequently joining "Freehold" and "Flaming Youth." "Flaming Youth" recorded an album to some critical acclaim, although the group disbanded shortly afterward. Collins later successfully auditioned for Genesis , taking over vocals from Peter Gabriel when he left the band in 1975. After separating from his first wife, Collins recorded his first solo album, "Face Value." The album was well received and Collins started to become a household name after the song "In the Air Tonight" was featured on the US TV show Miami Vice (1984). This instigated a guest appearance on the show playing a game show host. His third LP, "No Jacket Required," produced multiple chart hits and awards. Collins is an active musician and entertainer, contributing and guesting regularly on many albums, ranging from Gary Brooker and "Camel" ( Peter Barden 's old band) to Eric Clapton . Current projects include his solo career as a vocalist, recording with Genesis, the Jazz Fusion group Brand X and his Swing Band. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010. Actress Lily Collins is his daughter (her mother is his second wife, Jill Tavelman ). - IMDb Mini Biography By: Julie Lowe-Sanchez Spouse (3) The gated reverberation on his drums Technically complicated drumming in various time signatures Romantic ballads Distinctive singing voice and emotive delivery Using a combination of live drums with drum machines and electric drums on his recordings Fast bass drum technique Writing songs with just three chords Trivia (64) Singer/drummer, former member of the rock band Genesis . He was awarded Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order of the British Empire in the 1994 Queen's Honours List for his services to music and charity. Trustee, Prince's Trust, since 1983. Left Genesis in 1996. Beat South Park (1997) creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone for Best Original Song Oscar in 1999. In return, Trey Parker and Matt Stone have ridiculed Phil Collins in several South Park episodes. Beat out many singers as a replacement for vocalist Peter Gabriel after Peter Gabriel left Genesis for a solo career. Most fans didn't really notice, not only due to the similarity in both singers voices, but because Collins had been singing back up to Gabriel for years in the band. Along with Tony Thompson of Power Station , he sat in for the late John Bonham during Led Zeppelin 's performance at Live Aid. Played at both Wembley Stadium in London and John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia segments of Live Aid. He was able to accomplish the feat by hopping on the Concord and flying to Philadelphia as soon as he finished his set in London. Played drums on Robert Plant 's first two solo albums as well as accompanying Plant on his first solo tour. Performed at the BBC's annual Children in Need charity event. [November 2003] Has a son, Simon Collins (born 1976) and a daughter, Joely Collins (born 1973) with his first wife, Andrea Collins ; a daughter, Lily Collins (born 1989) with his second wife, Jill Tavelman and two sons, Nicholas Grev Austin (born 21 April 2001) and Mathew Thomas Clemence (born 1 December 2004) with his third wife, Orianne. He plays the piano. In 2000, Mariah Carey and Westlife had a British number one hit with a cover of his song "Against All Odds" (originally a hit for Collins in 1984). The song became a number one single again, this time for Steve Brookstein , in 2005. It was also recorded by Michael Ball , appearing on his albums "The Movies", "Stage and Screen" and "Seasons of Love", Barry Manilow on his album "The Greatest Songs of the Eighties" and Bonnie Tyler on her album "Heart Strings". In 1999, he reunited with his former Genesis band mates Peter Gabriel , Tony Banks , Mike Rutherford and Steve Hackett for a re-recording of the Genesis song "The Carpet Crawlers" (originally from their 1974 album "The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway"), which appears on the Genesis compilation "Turn it on Again". He never topped the UK singles chart with Genesis but had solo number ones with "You Can't Hurry Love" (1983), "Easy Lover" (1985) (with Philip Bailey ) and "A Groovy Kind of Love" (1988). He has had UK number one solo albums with "Face Value" (1981), "No Jacket Required" (1985), "But Seriously" (1989), "Both Sides" (1993), "Hits" (1998) and "Going Back" (2010). He has also had UK number one Genesis albums with "Duke" (1980), "Abacab" (1981), "Genesis" (1983), "Invisible Touch" (1986), "We Can't Dance" (1991) and "Live - The Way We Walk - Vol 2: The Longs" (1993). He is of English descent. His paternal line can be traced back to his great-grandfather, Arthur James Collins, who was born c. 1854, in England. Chester Thompson played drums on Genesis and Phil Collins solo tours - thus enabling Phil to go out front where the punters could see him. Played drums and sang back up on Eric Clapton 's single "Bad Love" from his album "Journeyman" (1989). He was one of the guests at the wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker-Bowles . Started to play drums at the age of five. Son of talent agent June Collins . His favourite guitarist is Eric Clapton , who played on his singles "If Leaving Me Is Easy" and "I Wish It Would Rain Down". Announced his departure from Genesis in 1993, so he could focus more on his solo career and production. Reunited with his former band mates in 1999 to record "The Carpet Crawlers" for a greatest hits compilation. This reunion also included Peter Gabriel and Steve Hackett , and was the first time since 1980 the original five performed together ( Peter Gabriel reunited with the band in the early 80s for a charity concert, Steve Hackett was also there but performed only in the encore). Was only 19 when he was named drummer/backup vocalist for Genesis in 1970. Later took over main vocal duties when Peter Gabriel left the band in 1975 and no one successfully auditioned to be his replacement. Sang back up vocals to Howard Jones on his popular 1986 single "No One Is To Blame". His music video 'I Wish It Would Rain Down' saw him fictionally winning an Academy Award. He then actually won one for the soundtrack to Tarzan (1999). He won the British Phonographic Industry Award for British Male Solo Artist in 1986 following the success of his multi-million selling album "No Jacket Required". He won the 1989 Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist following the success of his singles "A Groovy Kind of Love" and "Two Hearts", both featured in the movie Buster (1988). He was also the winner of the 1990 Brit Awards for British Male Solo Artist and British Single for "Another Day in Paradise" following the success of his multi-million selling album "But Seriously". He had US number one singles with "Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)" (1984), "One More Night" (1985), "Sussudio" (1985), "Separate Lives" (1985), "A Groovy Kind of Love" (1988), "Two Hearts" (1989) and "Another Day in Paradise" (1989). Genesis had a US number one single with "Invisible Touch" (1986). His favorite Genesis album is "The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway". Appointed Honourary Ambassador of Peace for the Harvey Ball Foundation along with Brooke Shields , Jackie Chan , A.V.T. Shankardass , Jerry Lewis , Prince Albert of Monaco , Jack Nicklaus , Greg Norman , Jimmy Buffett , Dale Earnhardt Jr. , Darrell Waltrip , Heather Mills , Yoko Ono , Patch Adams , Sergei Khrushchev and Winnie Mandela . "Easy Lover" is a song written by Phil Collins, Nathan East and Philip Bailey . The song featured Phil Collins and Philip Bailey on vocals. The song also appeared on Philip Bailey 's album "Chinese Wall". The video for the song was filmed in London, starting off with Philip Bailey riding to the studio in a helicopter, before Collins and Philip Bailey sung the song in various places, including a studio and a local restaurant. Collins has also used the song in his Live shows and appears in his 1990 live album "Serious Hits... Live!", as well as his 1998 compilation album, Hits. January 1989: Voted #4 Radio Artist for 1989 in France. First was Kylie Minogue ; second David Hallyday and third Madonna . A fan of Earth Wind & Fire and used members of the group to perform the brass sections on many of his own songs (they also appear on the Genesis songs "No Reply at All" and "Paperlate"). By 2006, he had sold 130 million albums as a member of Genesis and over 100 million solo albums around the world. In the UK alone, Genesis had achieved 500 weeks on the albums chart and 187 weeks on the singles chart. He had also achieved 846 weeks on the albums chart and 235 weeks on the singles chart as a solo artist. Inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003. Credited with writing the music and lyrics of just three Genesis songs on his own. These are "Misunderstanding" and "Please Don't Ask" from the album "Duke" and "Man on the Corner" from the album "Abacab". His song "In The Air Tonight" was originally proposed to appear on the Genesis album "Duke", but Tony Banks and Mike Rutherford decided against recording it. It became Collins' first solo hit instead and remains one of his most famous songs. A popular tradition in Genesis live shows since the late 1970s is the "Drum Duet" between Collins and Chester Thompson , in which the two men compete in a drumming duel for several minutes. Presented John Martyn with the lifetime achievement award at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. (4th February 2008). Winner of the 2008 Ivor Novello Award for International Achievement. He was awarded a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6834 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. Collins has an interest in the history of the Alamo located in San Antonio, TX. He visits there often and collects artifacts from the site. He provides narration to a "Battle of the Alamo" exhibit located just outside the grounds of the Alamo. "Against All Odds" won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance in 1985, and it was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Collins was the only nominee in the category not invited to sing his song on stage, and sat in the audience as Ann Reinking performed it. His perceived negative reaction shown on the telecast is considered to be one of the most awkward moments in the history of the ceremony, and has been a favorite reference for Dennis Miller to relate someone reacting in a horrified fashion. Announced in 2009 that he was no longer able to drum due to a spinal injury. In 1988, at the height of his success as a solo artist and in Genesis , Collins was estimated to be one of the 100 richest men in Britain. In 2009 the Sunday Times List estimated his net worth at $177 million. Collins released the single "Another Day in Paradise" in 1989 to raise awareness of homelessness around the world. Some critics accused him of hypocrisy as a millionaire musician. However, he collected money for homeless charities from fans at concerts and then donated double the total takings out of his own money. It was not the first time Collins had referred to the issue in his lyrics. He had previously written about the subject in the Genesis song "Man on the Corner" for the 1981 album "Abacab". Collins founded The Little Dreams Foundation in February 2000, which aims to "realise the dreams of children in the fields of sports and art" by providing future prodigies aged 4 to 16 years with financial, material, and mentoring support with the help of experts in various fields. Collins supports the South African charity The Topsy Foundation, which provides relief services to some of South Africa's most under-resourced rural communities through a multi-faceted approach to the consequences of HIV and AIDS and extreme poverty, and he donates all royalties earned in South Africa to the organization. Supports Tottenham Hotspur. Collins is a patron of the charity Children in Hunger, a small UK based charity working to combat child poverty in Brazil. An enthusiast of the Battle of the Alamo, he has published and issued a book called "The Alamo and Beyond: A Collector's Journey". Has a deep interest in the Alamo and is a connoisseur of Alamo collectibles. Has also written a book: "The Alamo and Beyond: A Collector's Journey". Father of actress Lily Collins . Currently living in New York, New York. Will be touring Europe with Genesis in 2007. [December 2006] Collins was the subject of a Spitting Image (1984) parody song. Titled "Hello, You Must Be Going", with lyrics by Ian Hislop and Nick Newman , vocals and music by Philip Pope . The song portrays Collins as a man constantly inspired to write songs by his wives walking out on him, but also agonizes over losing his hair and his physical resemblance to Mel Smith , Bob Hoskins and Eddie Shah . The song was released as a B-side to the 12-inch version of "The Chicken Song", a UK number one single in May 1986. Many people say he bears a physical resemblance to Bob Hoskins . Both appeared in Steven Spielberg's Hook (1991) (albeit without appearing in any scenes together), as well as Amblimation Studios' Balto (1995)_, where they both did voice-roles. And Collins' band Genesis provided a song for the soundtrack of Hoskins' movie Mona Lisa (1986), the ballad "In Too Deep". Ironically, when Collins was cast as Buster Edwards in Buster (1988), the filmmakers had originally considered Hoskins for the part. Is mentioned in the Paul Heaton and Jacqui Abbott song "When I Get Back to Blighty": "White T-shirt and faded jeans, just an ordinary guy, but, prisoner to his tax returns, Phil Collins must die". The often repeated story that he left his second wife by fax derives from a front page headline in The Sun, "Phil: I'm Faxing Furious", which was broken by Andy Coulson . Coulson later became editor of the News of the World, but was sentenced to 18 months in prison in 2014 after being convicted of "conspiring to illegally intercept communications". His everyman pop appeal saw him dubbed the "patron saint of ordinary blokes" by journalist Mark Lawson . One of the UK's most popular television actors, Sir David Jason , went out with his older sister before Collins was famous, according to Jason in his autobiography. Collins was seriously considered on a shortlist for the role of the D.J. (eventually played by alternative comedian Alexei Sayle ) in Doctor Who: Revelation of the Daleks: Part One (1985) (Source; "Doctor Who: The 1980s" by Howe-Stammers-Walker). Made a cameo appearance as the passer-by in George Harrison 's, "When We Was Fab." Collins was holding one of John Lennon 's solo albums. Purchased a gated 7-bedroom Miami Beach mansion for $33m, a property that had once been home to Jennifer Lopez . [June 2015] His mother, June Collins, a theatrical agent discovered Jack Wild, who was a pal of Phil's. Personal Quotes (91) I'm not a singer who plays a bit of drums. I'm a drummer that sings a bit. I don't own an ABBA album and I never had the urge to go and buy one. If you're just talking about well crafted pop songs, they were fantastic. I prefer black music in general. We're ( Genesis ) tarred with a brush we don't deserve... like Grateful Dead - now, I've never even heard a Grateful Dead album, but they're there in that corner, the same as we are to people who have never heard us! Maybe if I listened, I might like them. But it's frustrating, when we started, we used to got compared with Alice Cooper , David Bowie , Yes and the Floyd ( Pink Floyd ), because we used mellotrons and synthesisers, and were quite theatrical, but no one's put me in the same area as The Human League because they use drum machines. [to a music journalist in 1982] You put Genesis over there in a corner with Yes , ELP [ Emerson Lake and Palmer ], Moody Blues [ The Moody Blues ] and the Floyd [ Pink Floyd ] because that's the period we happened to come up in. I don't like any of those groups - so it angers me and frustrates me when we get compared to them. Apart from Hugh Fielder, I can't think of any journalist who actually likes Genesis . I was keen to meet some of the people who have slagged me off, people like Paul Morley at NME and Paul Colbert at Melody Maker just to show them that I'm not actually what they think I am. I just don't think of myself as a star. This is what I do for a living; I'm fortunate that I make ends meet. The difference between the American version of Live Aid (1985) and the British one - in England, if you wanted a cup of tea, you made it yourself. If you wanted a sandwich, you bought it. In typical American style, at the American concert, there were laminated tour passes and champagne and caviar. I don't doubt anyone's moral commitment to the cause, but the caviar and the cause just didn't jibe for me. [about his Academy Award] Ever since I can remember, I've watched the Oscar shows. Watching all those great actors, writers and directors receiving the Holy Grail. I never thought in a million years that I'd get a nomination. As years rolled by I was lucky enough to be included a couple of times. When my third time came with Tarzan (1999), I truly didn't believe it would be me. When Cher opened the envelope and said "Ph..." you could have knocked me down with a feather. It really was, and is, an incredible feeling. Of all the awards I've been fortunate to collect over the years, the Oscar is the most treasured. If people listened to Genesis ' back catalogue they might be surprised. It's very strange, when you live in London or live around London and get the music papers you are led to believe that there is a certain type of music that is popular and everything else is not. I like Weather Report , I like Stephen Bishop , I like John Martyn . I just like all different kinds of music and artists. I recently saw a TV program in which a young, radical journalist was interviewing Ice-T at his home. And the guy asked, "What do you got in the record collection, Ice?" And lo and behold, all my albums were there. The guy said, "Aw, come on, man, what is this bullshit?" And Ice-T jumped on him and said, "Don't mess with Phil, man. Don't you fucking mess with my Phil". What can I say? I was flattered that the guy even knew I existed. [on bands copying Genesis and referring to the band's frequent criticism in the music press] I wouldn't wish it upon anybody to try and be successful in this day and age being a parody of a band nobody likes anyway. Many people think of me as a perfectionist, someone who polishes and shines each song and performance. I've always been bothered by that assumption. The stuff that really gets me is the comments about my physical appearance. I guess it's easier to write about than the kind of songs I play. I mean, I was called the ugliest man since George Orwell . What's that got to do with the music? And, by the way, how ugly was George Orwell ? I get kicked around by critics all the time. I can count on one hand the amount of really good reviews I've had for anything I've done - in 25 years of Genesis , 30 years of my own career - people have dismissed it out of hand. There's a lot of stuff there that music critics just don't go for. To them, I'm some kind of landmark of middle-of-the-roadness, or I'm not edgy enough, or I've been around too long to be taken seriously. I won't/can't take the glory or the blame for what Genesis did musically. We wrote as a band and we lived with that music for 4/5 months working on it together. I'd like to see someone try to push Tony Banks into doing something he doesn't want to do! Just doesn't happen. Same with all the records actually.....all responsible for everything broadly speaking. [in 2005] I have to say that the whole thing that has arisen in recent times of me being the epitome of "the great musical evil", and to be avoided at all costs, is both curious and disturbing to me. Why I have been chosen for this role is a little beyond me. It seems that it's started by an anonymous voice and seconded by others without question. Somehow, some way, I have become "worse" than Cliff [ Cliff Richard ] or Barry Manilow . [on The Beatles ] They are without doubt the yardstick by which I judge modern songwriting. Forget that it's "old" . . . it has rarely been equaled and even with the Great Pretenders Oasis vying for their crown . . . it's not happening. It's not that I'm a nostalgia freak . . . they were just great writers, with a great producer, at the right time, with the right noise. I have bought many CDs of the '60s bands because I wanted to have those songs but all of them pale in comparison when you put them next to The Beatles' stuff. [speaking in 2005] I've been amazed at how I was so welcomed by Jonathan Ross for example on his shows.... at the Brits.... winning time after time..... I find it weird to have ended up being the brunt of crap from the same people that welcomed me so many years ago. It should go without saying I suppose that looked at through British media eyes circa 2004, my appearance anywhere on anything will be open to ridicule and instant dismissal. Please don't get me wrong . . . I really don't expect everyone to like what I do, but it's the sheer predictability of it all. I just don't understand why suddenly there is this tidal wave of abuse !! It seems it's impossible to open a newspaper without reading some crap or other. I know too that it shouldn't all be believed but . . . I keep out of the way and am good with children, I play well with others! I know I've never been hip, and most critics have had trouble with the music, but now it seems everyone out there who writes for a journal actively hates what I do! Quite disturbing and mystifying and it's pissing me off . . . sorry about that. [in 2004] I'm an easy target, especially nowadays. You'd be hard-pressed to find many in the media or the music business who'll own up to liking me and my music. Especially in the UK. Although I have met a lot of R&B singers in the States who are very kind about what I've done. Generally speaking, though, it's just one of those things that cannot be reversed now. One has to be philosophical about it and try to move on . . . that's not easy for me, but I am trying! [commenting in 2005 on Noel Gallagher and Liam Gallagher of the band Oasis , following a series of adverse comments made about him in the media by Noel] I like a fair bit of what the Oasis do. They remind me of Beatles . . . a great band and I like being reminded of [The] Beatles. If you were there the first time around, you might think the Oasis were a bit similar, what with that Liam and his attitude and his brother Noel . . . thinking they are as good as them Beatles. Fact is . . . they are a bit pale compared to them Beatles . . . I am, we all are . . . Now Liam is just a clot . . . bop him round the head, and wake him up . . . Noel is smarter . . . but only just . . . Just because they write a tune or two that reminds us of Beatles we swoon a bit and reminisce . . . but it's only nostalgia, really. I don't care if Noel Gallagher likes my music or not . . . I do care if he starts telling people I'm a wanker because of my politics . . . an opinion based on an old misunderstood quote. [in 2005] I'd like to grab an opportunity to finally lay to rest a much quoted untruth about my political leanings. I have never been a Conservative, or at least not since being a young teenager. My father voted Conservative, and even his doing that was a hangover from the '50s and '60s, which may have been an influence on me. I'm sick and tired of being thrown in that same old box . . . "he's got money . . . so he must be . . . " I once said that if taxes were put up to a level where the government took home more than me, then I would consider moving out of the country. The Conservatives were in at that point and I mentioned Labour... if Labour had been in, I would have mentioned Conservative. It was said to make a point over 15 years ago. No one's asked me since. I live outside the UK purely because my wife lived here when we met. End of story. [on Peter Gabriel ] As far as I'm concerned he is a far more intellectual writer and person than me, and I have a directness that maybe he hasn't. I love this man and his music very much. Comparisons don't do either of us any favors, and in fact if we hadn't been in the same band for four years 30 years ago, no one would even think of making a comparison. A lot of the older fans think that Genesis should be a brand name for progressive rock or whatever, but actually Genesis is the name for a group of songwriters who have always done whatever they felt like doing under that banner. When I'm playing a song I'll often think about how another drummer might play it, and try to be that player in my performance of the song. Often I'll think, "How would Keith Moon play this?" And I'll don my Keith Moon hat. For another song I'll think about John Bonham , or even on occasion Stewart Copeland , but more often than any other drummer I think about Ringo [ Ringo Starr ]. "That's All", from Genesis , is a Ringo Starr drum part. "Thru These Walls", from "Hello, I Must Be Going", is a Ringo drum part. I'm tired of defending the fact that we [ Genesis ] wrote three and four minute songs and had a bit of success. It's actually come as quite a shock to learn just how many people don't like me. I've been playing drums for 50 years, I've had to stop. My vertebrae have been crushing my spinal cord because of the position I drum in. It comes from years of playing. I can't even hold the sticks properly without it being painful, I even used to tape the sticks to my hands to get through. There'll always be people out there like Noel Gallagher who firmly believe I'm the Antichrist. The greatest surprise for me is how some of my songs have had this amazing afterlife. Often when I bump into strangers on the street, they won't speak to me; they'll just act out the drum sequence from "In The Air Tonight". That song just won't lie down. When the chocolate company first rang up about the advert, they asked whether I'd have any objections about a gorilla playing my drum parts. My attitude was, "If you can make that mad idea work, then good luck to you." Then it goes on to become one of the most popular ads of all time. I knew nothing about the song being used in The Hangover (2009). Then a friend asked me, "Have you seen that movie where those guys steal Mike Tyson 's tiger during a stag night in Vegas and they all end up singing 'In The Air Tonight'?" When I saw it I thought it was hilarious. I never used to think of myself as a workaholic. I used to work non-stop because I couldn't believe my luck that I was able to do all these things that I loved. I was everywhere, and I can see why that must have been annoying to some people. Then I reached a point where I no longer felt the need to go zooming around the world and attend the opening of every envelope. Basically I stopped. I've got a nine-year-old and a five-year-old. I take them to football. I like to take them to school and pick them up. That's my life now. I love doing the things that other people probably find tedious because they've been doing them for so long. I never did those things in the past, as I was always working flat out. That was my loss. Now I'm able to do all that and also have time to indulge my passions. [on the story that he divorced his second wife by fax] Complete nonsense. There might have been a few faxes exchanged about access to my daughter, but that's not how the marriage was ended. But it doesn't matter what I say. That untruth will still be carved on my headstone. I moved to Switzerland because I'd fallen in love with a woman who lived on Lake Geneva. As I said at the time, I'd have moved to Grimsby if she happened to live there. Inevitably everyone in Grimsby turned around and said, "Why's he having a pop at Grimsby?" If you're Phil Collins it seems you just can't win. If my missus hadn't left me I suppose I'd have gone off and made an obscure jazz album that nobody would have bought and that's the last you'd have heard from me. Instead I started writing the songs that ended up on "Face Value". Nobody was more amazed by my solo success than I was. It took me completely by surprise. Everything I touched turned to gold at that time. Looking back, the only mistake I made was getting trapped in a persona. Maybe I became a parody of myself. A lot of people saw me as this middle-of-the-road kind of guy, a family entertainer like Cliff Richard . They judged me based on a handful of songs that were played to death on the radio. In the Eighties there was an awful lot of vitriol coming my way. Some of the criticism hurt and I would respond by writing letters and telephoning journalists to have it out with them. With hindsight I can see that I was oversensitive. But I felt I was being disliked for the wrong reasons, reasons that often had nothing to do with the music. There are still people who hate me for reasons that have nothing to do with the truth. In the 1970s, Genesis did three American tours a year, three European ones and a trip to Japan. My first wife, Andrea, told me if I toured like that, the marriage wouldn't last. When I got back, she'd left me. If I'd known touring would cost me so dearly, I wouldn't have done it. I'm happy being at home. I've said yes to things all my life. Now I'm learning to say no. I stay in Switzerland, as Orianne is there, and we share the care of the two boys. I'm not totally happy being on my own, though. I'd rather still be married and I think Orianne feels the same. She's re-married, but we have a fantastic relationship. I get on well with all my ex-wives. They also get along with each other and my girlfriend. It's a picture I never thought I'd see, but it works well. Genesis always wanted hit singles. I can assure everybody that from the very word go, before I joined the band and when Peter [ Peter Gabriel ] was the singer, all they wanted was a hit, which we eventually got but that was by accident, not design. My life has never been revolved around money. I've loved what I've done and fortunately, as it happens, people have been shoveling money in the bucket behind me, but I've never really done anything from a financially motivated point of view. [on the American hip-hop stars that have stated their admiration for his work] They're not aware of the faux pas of saying: "I like Phil Collins" ... "What???!!!" It's just good music ... bad music to them. They don't read the tabloids. They just live in another world that you either like the music or you don't. It's hardly surprising that people grew to hate me. I'm sorry that it was all so successful. I honestly didn't mean it to happen like that! I look at the MTV Music Awards and I think, "I can't be in the same business as this." I don't really belong to that world and I don't think anyone's going to miss me. I'm much happier just to write myself out of the script entirely. I'll go on a mysterious biking holiday... And never return. That would be a great way to end the story, wouldn't it? I know that when I did interviews it came across like I could do everything, but I've never actually felt like that. I went through all my own VHS stuff recently and found mountains of old interviews with me and it was very, very hard to watch. I barely recognized the person I saw from that time. I'm a very different person now. I saw some of this show of mine from 1985 and I was on-stage and I never stopped running, never stopped talking. The fact that people got so sick of me wasn't really my fault. Yes there was a lot of me to dish out - there was me, me and 'Earth, Wind & Fire''s Philip Bailey , me and Genesis , me and that movie I was in, Buster (1988) - there was a lot of stuff. But I only made those records once. [on his retirement in 2011] I've decided to write this in response to the articles that surfaced last weekend regarding my retirement. Why they were printed at all is a mystery, as I haven't spoken to anybody in the press for a few months. However, many of the articles printed over the last few months have ended up painting a picture of me that is more than a little distorted. Therefore, I would like to add my comments and try to explain again my reasons for calling it a day. I'm not stopping because of dodgy reviews or bad treatment in the press. I'm not stopping because I don't feel loved, I know I still have a very large fanbase that loves what I do. Thank you. I'm not stopping because I don't fit in, this was proved with "Going Back" reaching No 1 in the UK, and doing incredibly well worldwide. I'm not stopping so I can dive full time into my interest for the Alamo. I am stopping so I can be a full time father to my two young sons on a daily basis. Some of the things mentioned above have been said by me in various interviews, but said as asides with a smile on my face and in passing. They were not meant to be "headlines", they were small parts of a conversation. This clearly doesn't come over in print and I should know better. However, the result is that I have ended up sounding like a tormented weirdo who thinks he was at the Alamo in another life, who feels very sorry for himself, and is retiring hurt because of the bad press over the years. None of this is true. Thanks for all your messages on the Forum regarding this stuff, it means a lot that you care. But there's no need for the straitjacket! I'd be all for a reunion of the original band. The concept of playing the drums and being a backup singer sounds rather enticing, to be honest with you. The only one I'd worry about committing is Peter [ Peter Gabriel ]. He always overthinks ideas such as this and ends up talking himself out of it. I think sometimes he just needs to let go and do something for the simple reason that it's fun. The split-up of the band was always overexaggerated. There were some issues early on, but for the most part, Tony [ Tony Banks ], Mike [ Mike Rutherford ] and I stayed in close touch with Peter [ Peter Gabriel ] and Steve [ Steve Hackett ] and vice-versa. We were there to support each other professionally and personally over the years and all of us stayed good friends. However, to the media that's boring and doesn't sell magazines, so they made up stories of feuds and fights that never happened. We all continue to be close with each other to this day. It's been a bit of a handicap not being able to read music but, on the other hand, other parts of your senses come in. I've had a lifetime of people telling me that I'm an ugly bastard. When Lily's mum first showed her mother a picture of me, she said, 'Oh, well, Jill, I suppose that love is blind'. [on Lily Collins ] In many ways, I do feel sorry for Lily. She's making a great career for herself, but she's always got this thing hanging around her neck. She's Phil Collins's daughter. If she becomes successful, people automatically assume that it's because of her dad. I have young children, so I don't feel the drive to go out there and compete... I can't be what I used to be. I can't play like I used to. All I set out to do was to earn a living playing drums, you know? And as luck would have it, I've surpassed that. [commenting on the Prince's Trust concerts in 2009] There was a core group, the house band, which was me, Eric [ Eric Clapton ], Elton [ Elton John ], Sting , Midge [ Midge Ure ] and Mark Knopfler . I think there is talk of trying to do another one. We built up a live reputation, but people don't wait to see people live now like they used to. There is music on tonnes of television channels and that means we hear a record constantly for a month and then don't hear from the act. The only Grammy Genesis ever won was for the "Land of Confusion" video. Which, it's worth noting, we weren't even in. "Sledgehammer" won all the VMAs that year. That was a trailblazing video. No one had seen anything like that. Ours was more blatantly humorous, and Peter's was more artistic. I still have one of the Phil Collins puppets at home. Sussudio and Easy Lover were big crossover records in America particularly, with Philip Bailey and the Earth Wind & Fire guys. I was an R&B artist as far as some people were concerned and they don't see the difference, they don't see all that stuff you read about in the tabloids. [in 1988] There's a traditional rock star, as it were, and I don't really fit into that sort of mold. This is what I've got to work with, you know, what you see here, and that doesn't really conjure up Paul Young , Simon Le Bon , that kind of traditional thing. So I've never really bothered with it to be honest. [on his plan - never realised - to make a movie with Bob Hoskins and Danny DeVito ] I just saw the poster, I just saw the possibilities of a film there 'cause I was being compared to Hoskins [ Bob Hoskins ] even before Buster (1988), just visually, and DeVito [ Danny DeVito ] as well. [on Ringo Starr ] He's a fantastic drummer. That's been overlooked for years. Everybody talks about him being the joker, the cheeky chap, but he's a great musician. [on Billy Idol ] He's a very nice guy, Billy, actually. I sound surprised 'cause I would have thought that someone like that wouldn't have wanted something to do with someone like me. [on Eric Clapton ] I do understand that his being associated with me has hurt his credibility in some quarters, but I would have thought that he'd have seen through that stuff. I still think about him everyday, and I consider him to be one of my greatest friends... whether he feels the same... I don't know. I used to use two bass drums years ago, and then I stopped because I read that Buddy Rich said that hi-hats are very important. I thought, 'Yeah, he's dead right.' So I threw the other bass drum away and started using the hi-hat. I have quite a lot of good speed on the bass drum. I'm more of a foot player in some respects than I am a hand player. I'm very conscious of what the hi-hat is doing all the time. Tony Williams is great at that. [on "And Then There Were Three"] On this album, the songs are quite short. It was good fun, but it doesn't really set a precedent for what we're going to do. We've always done different things. There's some improvisation on "The Lamb Lies Down On Broadway." I'd like to get back into that. That's one of the essences of what we do - the variety of material. I like to keep the variety, but at the same time try to get some more instrumental stuff back in. [two years before releasing his first solo album, "Face Value"] One ambition is to do my own album which will have a lot of variety. I write songy stuff, as well as some from the Brand X area. I'm also hip to what Eno [ Brian Eno ] does - those kind of soundtracks which I've always been interested in - two or three minutes of just mood. The album, when it does come out, will have a lot of different styles on it. That's what I want to try and do next year, if possible. I'm looking forward to doing it. I'm quite happy to play with two drummers because I think that's an experience in itself - trying to get that happening. Bill [ Bill Bruford ] is one of those players who plays himself. If Bill's playing something, once he's done it two or three times, he'll play something else. I'd do a fill where I would usually do a fill. He would, just by chance, do one as well, and so it goes completely haywire for four bars. With Chester [ Chester Thompson ], we're both more aware of each other, I think. When you're playing with a band, from behind the drums it really sounds like it's all happening. When you get in front of the kit, it sounds very different. The group doesn't sound as beefy. It was strange at first to sing with that sound. You find you're listening to it rather than being a part of it. The bass drum is miked individually. There's one mike for the snare drum and hi-hat, one mike for each pair of tom-toms, and a couple of overhead mikes to pick up the cymbals. Live, I prefer to have more control which having fewer mikes gives me. When you're dealing with 40 channels of music at one time at a gig, your fourth tom-tom might be out of balance with the rest of the kit. That's not the kind of thing the sound engineer can pick up on in a concert. In theory, I would like to have two overhead mikes that are turned up and I just play. Then I'd know that whatever balance I'm putting out, he's getting. I love to play small gigs where the audience hears you, and not the system. When you're playing in 20,000 seat auditoriums, you have no alternative. What you do is almost inaudible. It's just whatever comes out of those speakers. I don't dampen any drum. That's the big difference between me and a lot of other players. If I had my way, I would record the bass drum a couple of times with the skin on because I think it alters the sound. I do tend to tune the drums a lot tighter. There's a tendency on stage to tune the drums so they sound good from where the drummer is - a loose sound which doesn't project through the sound system if you've got a loud band. I tune everything tight because it really cuts through and is more melodic that way. I've got four snares, one for each occasion. I've got a Ludwig Type 400 orchestral snare drum which I use most of the time because it's sharp and has some depth. With snare sounds in the studio, I just go for whatever sound the song needs. It usually ends up that I don't dampen at all. I think in America when you're a studio musician, time is of the essence. With so much music being made so quickly, it has to be there straight away. The person will have a snare drum sound that he got from the last session where a cigarette pack was taped on and all the nut bolts are finger tight. It will sound like what everyone thinks a snare drum should sound like. Everything's done for convenience. I did a session with Robert Fripp in New York with a live kit, and the guy ended up liking it because it was different. In Genesis, there are a lot of things that demand heavy playing, and a lot where you have to be light. We play a lot of different styles. We play a few things in time, almost fusion music. At the other end of the scale, we play very straight, almost Elton John songs. I don't want to play on one like I would on another, I prefer to play what is right for the song, as opposed to playing what's me, because I don't know what is me. I always think I look very awkward. I look at Bruford [ Bill Bruford ] and he's got a great stance, the way he sits. It's just that some people look as if they have authority. I sit there slouched. I've got very bad positioning, and being left-handed always looks a bit weird. Some drummers sit up dead toward the front and all the tom-toms are set up in the usual way. I tend to sit more diagonally. I don't like the way I look - it's a bit odd. I rarely see myself on TV or something, but when we made a film, I remember looking. The arm movements are fluid, but at the same time, it's a bit awkward. Americans are much more diet conscious than we are in England. I think that's because of the amount of junk that's about. At home, I mostly eat home-cooked food. I was playing from the age of six along with records. That's how I taught myself. When I was about 15, I went to learn to read from Lloyd Ryan in London, and I stayed with him for about a year. I learned the basic rudiments, then I stopped. I went back to Frank King when I was about 17. I was with him for a couple of years. I liked the way he taught. He taught a lot of people - Brian Bennett of The Shadows , Bobby Elliott of The Hollies and Bruford [ Bill Bruford ] went to him for a while. I never really came to grips with the music. I should have stuck with it. I've always felt that if I could hum it, I could play it. For me, that was good enough, but that attitude is bad. To me, there are two types of players. You have Tony Williams who obviously just sat down and started playing and liked it. Then there's Carl Palmer who was taught and it shows. That is the basic difference - one is an intuitive player and the other is taught. Because of that kind of difference, I've always shied away from being taught. I'd love to be able to sit down and read music. I can bust through chords on a piano, but it would take me a long time to read a chart. Rudiments I found very, very helpful - much more helpful than anything else because they're used all the time. In any kind of funk or jazz drumming, the rudiments are always there. Hopefully, I've gotten better at leaving things out and not overplaying. In the early days of Genesis I was trying to put everything into everything. Cobham [ Bill Cobham ] was a very early influence, and I tried to play like him on tunes that didn't need to be played like that. Now, I'm quite happy to leave blank space where everyone thinks there is going to be a fill. I get quite a kick out of that. When rock drummers do solos they tend to be very boring. I've always felt drums should be melodic. Even when playing very simple stuff, there should be some kind of melodic approach to them. There seems to be this big either/or situation. You either play very fast ticky-tacky jazz, or you play really straight ahead. To me, to be a drummer, one should be able to do as many things as you can do. I'm really interested in percussion and tuned percussion. The highlight for me was playing in Eric Clapton 's band, playing drums behind Eric. Nothing to do with Genesis or my own solo career. You know Ringo [ Ringo Starr ] has stated that he could never properly play a roll. Yet when you listen to "Ticket To Ride" and "Tomorrow Never Knows", he's playing these very intricate things throughout. He played some great rolls all through "Ticket to Ride" and some unbelievably individualistic fills. That's the magic of his playing: he just does it; there's no self-consciousness about it whatsoever. The fills he played on "Strawberry Fields Forever" are classic rock fills; the drags and his way of phrasing just slightly after the beat on the toms all make for an incredible drum part. [speaking the day after Live Aid (1985)] I'm absolutely whacked! When you've been around a long time like I have, you accumulate baggage and it's very difficult to get rid of the baggage... divorce by fax... three wives ... blah blah blah .. so much money. You have to wade through that to get to what you actually want to talk about. [on learning that David Bowie had dismissed his own critically-panned 1980s albums "Tonight" and "Never Let Me Down" as his "Phil Collins years"] I'm quite impressed that David Bowie had heard of me. I think, with some critics, I became synonymous with an era of music that they didn't like, and they were suspicious of all success, which is understandable. You end up painted into a corner that it's impossible to get out of. The critics like to put you in a box and say "You are Genesis , you play 10 minute songs" and really Genesis is just a brand name to play any kind of music we feel like playing. Plus, we never stopped playing the 10 minute songs. People ask me what my favorite Genesis album is, and they always seem shocked when I tell them "The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway". Sure, it wasn't the easiest album to make and there was a lot of tension, arguments and disagreements, but we never made better music as a band. I'm still in awe of the drumming on that album and sometimes wonder how I was able to play with such complexity. It took me ages before I heard Marillion . I kept on hearing about these second-generation Genesis groups - Pallas were another one - and I didn't want to hear them. I wasn't even that keen on first-generation Genesis stuff. See also

i don't know

In which year did Alcock and Brown make their Atlantic crossing?

June 15, 1919: First Nonstop Flight Crosses Atlantic | WIRED June 15, 1919: First Nonstop Flight Crosses Atlantic subscribe 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable Phone Charger. Author: Jason Paur. Jason Paur Date of Publication: 06.15.10. Time of Publication: 12:00 am. 12:00 am June 15, 1919: First Nonstop Flight Crosses Atlantic 1919: John Alcock and Arthur Brown land their Vickers Vimy airplane in a bog in Clifden, Ireland, marking the end of the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic. It’s a good bet to win a drink at a bar: “Do you know who was the first person to fly across the Atlantic in an airplane, nonstop?” Most takers think it’s Charles Lindbergh. But the true answer is the kind of knowledge only the most die-hard aviation geeks would know: Alcock and Brown. In 1913, the British newspaper the Daily Mail offered a prize of 10,000 pounds sterling (about $1.1 million in today’s money) to the first aviator to cross the Atlantic. But World War I intervened the following year before anybody could make an attempt, and the competition was suspended. In reality, it was unlikely anybody could have made the crossing in 1913. But by the end of the war, aviation technology had improved significantly. In late 1918, the competition to fly across the Atlantic resumed and stipulated the flight must be made in less than 72 hours. With fighting still fresh in the minds of the British, a new rule prevented teams of “enemy origin” to enter. By the spring of 1919, several teams had gathered in St. Johns, Newfoundland, vying to be the first to cross the Atlantic and collect the prize. There were so many teams that Alcock and Brown had a difficult time finding a suitable field they could use as a runway for their flight. There were no airports in the area. The Vickers Vimy airplane they had prepared for the attempt back in England was still en route by steamship, and other teams had already set up camp at the best locations. The Vickers Vimy was a large airplane for the time. The twin engine bomber was developed for use in World War I, but it wasn’t ready until after the war had ended, and it never saw combat over Europe. With a wingspan of more than 67 feet, the biplane was powered by a pair of 12-cylinder Rolls-Royce engines producing 360 horsepower each. The airplane used for the record-setting attempt was modified by removing the bomb racks and adding extra fuel tanks, so it could carry 865 gallons for the flight. The pilot and navigator sat in an open cockpit at the front of the airplane. By mid-May, one of the rival teams had flown nearly 20 hours east across the ocean before engine troubles forced the crew to ditch at sea. Fortunately, the plane crashed near a ship that was able to rescue the two-man crew. Another attempt at the prize ended in a crash before the airplane was even able to get airborne. The Vickers Vimy arrived in Newfoundland on May 26. Two teams had failed to make the crossing, and the prize was still up for grabs, as was some good real estate for a suitable runway. The team was allowed to use a small field to assemble the airplane, but it was not long enough for the heavily fuel-laden airplane to take off. The Vimy arrived in 13 crates and was assembled in a large canvas tent in just two weeks. At the same time the airplane was being assembled, Alcock had found a suitable takeoff field. Groups of people worked to clear rocks and fill ditches to make it smooth enough for use as a runway. After a few days waiting out bad weather, the decision was made to fuel the airplane at its new field and make an attempt for the first nonstop crossing of the Atlantic. (A U.S. Navy Curtiss seaplane had flown from Newfoundland to Portugal in May, after a 10-day stop in the Azores.) After a few last-minute repairs to fix a broken landing gear that failed under the weight of the fuel, Alcock and Brown lifted off from Lester’s Field on the afternoon of June 14. Brown radioed the message, “All well and started,” to announce they had begun their journey. Unfortunately, it would be the first and last radio message the crew would make. The wind-powered generator failed shortly after, and the duo was left without a radio for the remainder of the flight. Using a sextant and a drift-bearing plate, Brown was able to determine their position as they flew. Shortly after the radio went out, fog covered the sea, so he could not determine their drift. A haze developed, and he was unable to use the sextant to determine their location. At night approached, Brown urged Alcock to climb above the clouds so he could use the stars to get a fix on their position. It was good news: He calculated they were averaging 106 miles per hour, faster than they had planned. But soon they flew into another bank of clouds, and Alcock became disoriented and lost control of the aircraft. The airspeed indicator had been stuck and Alcock didn’t realize the airplane was slowing down. Eventually it stalled and entered a spin . They lost more than 4,000 feet as they spiraled toward the North Atlantic. Breaking out of the clouds at around 100 feet, Alcock was able to recover from the spin and with very little room to spare, leveled off and continued flying east toward Ireland. The weather did not improve, and rain turned to snow as they flew farther east. Ice covered the airplane, and Brown had to frequently stand up in the open cockpit and clear ice and snow from the instrument sensors which were outside the cockpit. Eventually, the ice covered the air intake of one of the engines. Alcock decided to shut the engine down before the backfiring could destroy it. Descending into warmer air, the duo hoped the ice would melt before they hit the water. At around 500 feet, they broke into clear skies and were able to restart the engine. It seemed nothing more could go wrong with their flight, and sure enough less than half an hour after restarting the engine, Alcock and Brown spotted solid land. They had reached Ireland. In a less-than-ceremonious landing, Alcock put the plane down in a bog he had mistaken for a smooth field. The wheels dug in, and the plane tipped onto its nose. With a gentle crash at 8:40 a.m., they completed the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic. Accounts vary, but the flight of approximately 1,890 miles across the shortest part of the Atlantic had taken around 16 hours, averaging roughly 118 mph. They were awarded the prize money in London by the British Secretary of State for War and Air, Winston Churchill. They were later knighted by King George V. Over the course of the next several years, many more pilots would fly airplanes across the Atlantic, and even more would cross in airships . Different teams flew different routes between North America and Europe. Eventually in 1927, Charles Lindbergh would make his historic flight between New York and Paris to win the Orteig Prize. It was the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic and the first to link the two major cities. Lindbergh was, however, the 19th person to cross the Atlantic in an airplane. Pilots Steve Fossett and Mark Rebholz recreated the flight of Alcock and Brown in a replica Vickers Vimy in 2005. Source: Various

one thousand nine hundred and nineteen

Which movie director was born on exactly the same day as actor Tommy Lee Jones?

Famous Firsts in Aviation Famous Firsts in Aviation Virgin Atlantic's Globalflyer 1783 First balloon flight. Jacques and Joseph Montgolfier of Annonay, France, sent up a small smoke-filled balloon about mid-November.      First hydrogen-filled balloon flight. Jacques A. C. Charles, Paris physicist, supervised construction by A. J. and M. N. Robert of a 13-foot-diameter balloon that was filled with hydrogen. It got up to about 3,000 ft and traveled about 16 mi in a 45-minute flight (Aug. 27).      First human balloon flights. A Frenchman, Jean Pilâtre de Rozier, made the first captive-balloon ascension (Oct. 15). With the Marquis d'Arlandes, Pilâtre de Rozier made the first free flight, reaching a peak altitude of about 500 ft, and traveling about 51/2 mi in 20 min. (Nov. 21). 1784 First powered balloon. Gen. Jean Baptiste Marie Meusnier developed the first propeller-driven and elliptically shaped balloon—the crew cranking three propellers on a common shaft to give the craft a speed of about 3 mph.      First balloon flight by a woman. Mme. Thible, a French opera singer (June 4). 1793 First balloon flight in America. Jean Pierre Blanchard, a French pilot, made it from Philadelphia to near Woodbury, N.J., in just over 45 min. (Jan. 9). 1794 First military use of the balloon. Jean Marie Coutelle, using a balloon built for the French Army, made two 4-hour observation ascents. The military purpose of the ascents seems to have been to damage the enemy's morale. 1797 First parachute jump. André-Jacques Garnerin dropped from about 6,500 ft over Monceau Park in Paris in a 23-foot-diameter parachute made of white canvas with a basket attached (Oct. 22). 1843 First air transport company. In London, William S. Henson and John Stringfellow filed articles of incorporation for the Aerial Transit Company (March 24). It failed. 1852 First dirigible. Henri Giffard, a French engineer, flew in a controllable (more or less) steam-engine-powered balloon, 144 ft long and 39 ft in diameter, inflated with 88,000 cu ft of coal gas. It reached 6.7 mph on a flight from Paris to Trappe (Sept. 24). 1860 First aerial photographers. Samuel Archer King and William Black made two photos of Boston, which are still in existence. 1872 First gas-engine-powered dirigible. Paul Haenlein, a German engineer, flew in a semi-rigid-frame dirigible, powered by a 4-cylinder internal-combustion engine running on coal gas drawn from the supporting bag. 1873 First transatlantic attempt. The New York Daily Graphic sponsored the attempt with a 400,000-cubic-foot balloon carrying a lifeboat. A rip in the bag during inflation brought the collapse of the balloon and the project. 1897 First successful metal dirigible. An all-metal dirigible, designed by David Schwarz, a Hungarian, took off from Berlin's Tempelhof Field and, powered by a 16-horsepower Daimler engine, got several miles before leaking gas caused it to crash (Nov. 13). 1900 First zeppelin flight. Germany's Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin flew the first of his long series of rigid-frame airships. It attained a speed of 18 mph and got 31/2 mi before its steering gear failed (July 2). 1903 First successful heavier-than-air machine flight. Aviation was really born on the sand dunes at Kitty Hawk, N.C., when Orville Wright crawled to his prone position between the wings of the biplane he and his brother Wilbur had built, opened the throttle of their homemade 12-horsepower engine, and took to the air. He covered 120 ft in 12 sec. Later that day, in one of four flights, Wilbur stayed up 59 sec. and covered 852 ft (Dec. 17). 1904 First airplane maneuvers. Orville Wright made the first turn with an airplane (Sept. 15); five days later his brother Wilbur made the first complete circle. 1905 First airplane flight over half an hour. Orville Wright kept his craft up 33 min., 17 sec. (Oct. 4). 1906 First European airplane flight. Alberto Santos-Dumont , a Brazilian, flew a heavier-than-air machine at Bagatelle Field, Paris (Sept. 13). 1908 First airplane fatality. Lt. Thomas E. Selfridge, U.S. Army Signal Corps, was in a group evaluating the Wright plane at Fort Myer, Va. He was up 75 ft with Orville Wright when the propeller hit a bracing wire and was broken, throwing the plane out of control, killing Selfridge and seriously injuring Wright (Sept. 17). 1909 First cross-Channel flight. Louis Blériot flew in a 25-horsepower Blériot VI monoplane from Les Baraques near Calais, France, to Dover Castle, England, in a 26.61-mi (38-kilometer) 37-min. flight across the English Channel (July 25).      First International Aviation Competition Meeting. American Glenn Curtiss narrowly beat France's Louis Blériot in the main event and won the Gordon Bennett Cup. Meet held at Rheims, France (Aug. 22–28). 1910 First licensed woman pilot. Baroness Raymonde de la Roche of France, who learned to fly in 1909, received ticket No. 36 on March 8. First flight from shipboard. Lt. Eugene Ely, USN, took a Curtiss plane off from the deck of the cruiser Birmingham at Hampton Roads, Va., and flew to Norfolk (Nov. 14). The following January he reversed the process, flying from Camp Selfridge to the deck of the armored cruiser Pennsylvania in San Francisco Bay (Jan. 18). First aircraft to take off from water. Henri Fabre in a Gnome-powered floatplane, at Martigues, France (March 28). 1911 First U.S. woman pilot. Harriet Quimby , a magazine writer, got ticket No. 37, making her the first licensed American female pilot. 1912 First woman's cross-Channel flight. Harriet Quimby flew from Dover, England, across the English Channel and landed at Hardelot, France, in a Blériot monoplane loaned to her by Louis Blériot (April 16). She was later killed in a flying accident over Dorchester Bay during a Harvard-Boston aviation meet on July 1, 1912. First parachute jump from a powered airplane. Albert Berry jumped in a test over Jefferson Barracks military post, St. Louis (March 1). Some sources credit Grant Morton as making first jump in 1911. 1913 First multi-engined aircraft. Built and flown by Igor Ivan Sikorsky while still in his native Russia. 1914 First aerial combat. In Aug., Allied and German pilots and observers started shooting at each other with pistols and rifles—with negligible results. 1915 First air raids on England. German zeppelins dropped bombs on four English communities (Jan. 19). 1917 World's first black combat pilot. Georgia-born Eugene Jacques Bullard , denied entry into the U.S. Army Air Corps because of his race, served throughout World War I in the French Flying Corps. He received the Legion of Honor, France's highest honor, among many other decorations. 1918 First U.S. air squadron. The U.S. Army Air Corps made its first independent raids over enemy lines, in DH-4 planes (British-designed) powered with 400-hp American-designed Liberty engines (April 8). First regular airmail service. Operated for the Post Office Department by the Army, the first regular service was inaugurated with one round trip a day (except Sunday) between Washington, DC, and New York City (May 15). 1919 First transatlantic flight. The NC-4, one of four Curtiss flying boats commanded by Lt. Comdr. Albert C. Read, reached Lisbon, Portugal (May 27), after hops from Trepassy Bay, Newfoundland, to Horta, Azores (May 16–17), to Ponta Delgada (May 20). The Liberty-powered craft was piloted by Walter Hinton.      First nonstop transatlantic flight. Capt. John Alcock and Lt. Arthur Whitten Brown, British World War I flyers, made the 1,900-mile trip from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Ireland, in 16 hr., 12 min. in a Vickers-Vimy bomber with two 350-horsepower Rolls-Royce engines (June 15–16). First lighter-than-air transatlantic flight. The British dirigible R-34, commanded by Maj. George H. Scott, left Firth of Forth, Scotland (July 2), and touched down at Mineola, L.I., 108 hr. later. The eastbound trip was made in 75 hr. (completed July 13). First scheduled London–Paris passenger service (using airplanes). Aircraft Travel and Transport inaugurated London–Paris service (Aug. 25). Later the company started the first trans-Channel mail service on the same route (Nov. 10). First free-fall parachute jump. Leslie Irvin jumped over McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, to prove that one wouldn't lose consciousness during a delayed free-fall using a manually operated parachute (April 28). 1921 First U.S. black female pilot. Bessie Coleman received license June 15. She was killed April 30, 1926, in a flying accident. First naval vessel sunk by aircraft. Two battleships being scrapped by treaty were sunk by bombs dropped from Army planes in demonstration put on by Brig. Gen. William S. Mitchell (July 21).      First helium balloon. The C-7, nonrigid Navy dirigible was first to use noninflammable helium as lifting gas, making a flight from Hampton Roads, Va., to Washington, D.C. (Dec. 1). 1922 First member of Caterpillar Club. Lt. (later Maj. Gen.) Harold Harris bailed out of a crippled plane he was testing at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio (Oct. 20), and became the first man to join the Caterpillar Club—those whose lives have been saved by parachutes. 1923 First nonstop transcontinental flight. Lts. John A. Macready and Oakley Kelly flew a single-engine Fokker T-2 nonstop from New York to San Diego, a distance of just over 2,500 mi in 26 hr., 50 min. (May 2–3).      First autogyro flight. Juan de la Cierva, a brilliant Spanish mathematician, made the first successful flight in a rotary wing aircraft in Madrid (June 9). 1924 First round-the-world flight. Four Douglas Cruiser biplanes of the U.S. Army Air Corps took off from Seattle under command of Maj. Frederick Martin (April 6). 175 days later, two of the planes (Lt. Lowell Smith's and Lt. Erik Nelson's) landed in Seattle after a circuitous route—one source saying 26,345 mi, another saying 27,553 mi. 1926 First polar flight. Then–Lt. Cmdr. Richard E. Byrd , acting as navigator, and Floyd Bennett as pilot, flew a Trimotor Fokker from Kings Bay, Spitsbergen, over the North Pole and back in 151/2 hr. (May 8–9). 1927 First solo nonstop transatlantic flight. Charles Augustus Lindbergh lifted his Wright-powered Ryan monoplane, Spirit of St. Louis, from Roosevelt Field, N.Y., to stay aloft 33 hr. 39 min. and travel 3,600 mi to Le Bourget Field outside Paris (May 20–21). Although 91 persons in 13 separate flights crossed the Atlantic before him, he flew directly between two great world cities and did it alone.      First transatlantic passenger. Charles A. Levine was piloted by Clarence D. Chamberlin from Roosevelt Field, N.Y., to Eisleben, Germany, in a Wright-powered Bellanca (June 4–5). 1928 First east–west transatlantic crossing. Baron Guenther von Huenefeld, piloted by German Capt. Hermann Koehl and Irish Capt. James Fitzmaurice, left Dublin for New York City (April 12) in a single-engine all-metal Junkersmonoplane. Some 37 hr. later, they crashed on Greely Island, Labrador and were rescued.      First transarctic flight. Sir Hubert Wilkins, an Australian explorer, and Carl Ben Eielson, who served as pilot, flew from Point Barrow, Alaska, to Spitsbergen (mid-April).      First U.S.–Australia flight. Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith and Capt. Charles T. P. Ulm, Australians, and two American navigators, Harry W. Lyon and James Warner, crossed the Pacific from Oakland to Brisbane. They went via Hawaii and the Fiji Islands in a trimotor Fokker (May 31–June 8). 1929 First of the endurance records. With Air Corps Maj. Carl Spaatz in command and Capt. Ira Eaker as chief pilot, an Army Fokker, aided by refueling in the air, remained aloft 150 hr. 40 min. at Los Angeles (Jan. 1–7).      First round-the-world airship flight. The LZ-127, known as the Graf Zeppelin, flew 21,300 mi in 20 days and 4 hr. Also set distance record (Aug.).      First blind flight. James H. Doolittle proved the feasibility of instrument-guided flying when he took off and landed entirely on instruments (Sept. 24).      First rocket-engine flight. Fritz von Opel, a German auto maker, stayed aloft in his small rocket-powered craft for 75 sec., covering nearly 2 mi (Sept. 30).      First South Pole flight. Comdr. Richard E. Byrd, with Bernt Balchen as pilot, Harold I. June, radio operator, and Capt. A. C. McKinley, photographer, flew a trimotor Fokker from the Bay of Whales, Little America, over the South Pole and back (Nov. 28–29). 1930 First Paris–New York nonstop flight. Dieudonné Costes and Maurice Bellonte, French pilots, flew a Hispano-powered Breguet biplane from Le Bourget Field to Valley Stream, L.I., in 37 hr., 18 min. (Sept. 2–3). 1931 First flight into the stratosphere. Auguste Piccard , a Swiss physicist, and Charles Knipfer ascended in a balloon from Augsburg, Germany, and reached a height of 51,793 ft in a 17-hr. flight that terminated on a glacier near Innsbruck, Austria (May 27).      First nonstop transpacific flight. Hugh Herndon and Clyde Pangborn took off from Sabishiro Beach, Japan, dropped their landing gear, and flew 4,860 mi to near Wenatchee, Wash., in 41 hr. 13 min. (Oct. 4–5). 1932 First woman's transatlantic solo. Amelia Earhart , flying a Pratt & Whitney Wasp-powered Lockheed Vega, flew alone from Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, to Ireland in approximately 15 hr. (May 20–21).      First westbound transatlantic solo. James A. Mollison, a British pilot, took a de Havilland Puss Moth from Portmarnock, Ireland, to Pennfield, New Brunswick (Aug. 18).      First woman airline pilot. Ruth Rowland Nichols, first woman to hold three international records at the same time—speed, distance, and altitude—was employed by N.Y.–New England Airways. 1933 First round-the-world solo. Wiley Post took a Lockheed Vega, Winnie Mae, 15,596 mi around the world in 7 days, 18 hr., 491/2 min. (July 15–22). 1936 First west-east transatlantic solo flight.. Beryl Markham flew a single-engine Vega Gull from London to Nova Scotia in 21 hrs, 25 min. (Sept. 4–5). 1937 First successful helicopter flight. Hanna Reitsch, a German pilot, flew Dr. Heinrich Focke's FW-61 in free, fully controlled flight at Bremen (July 4). Ms. Reitsch was also the first woman civil and military aviation test pilot.      First woman known to fly combat. Sabiha Gokcen, Turkish female army pilot, bombed and strafed Kurdish tribesmen during a rebellion. 1939 First turbojet flight. Just before their invasion of Poland, the Germans flew a Heinkel He-178 plane powered by a Heinkel S3B turbojet (Aug. 27). 1940 First wartime use of military gliders. German commandos made a successful glider assault on Belgium's Fort Eben-Emael during WWII (May 10). 1941 The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) creates the Canadian Women's Auxillary Air Force. The RCAF is the first branch of the Canadian military to accept women. 1941–1945 Most combat missions flown by a pilot in any war. Captain Hans-Ulrich Rudel of Germany flew 2,530 combat missions during WWII while flying a JU-87 Stuka dive bomber. He survived the war. 1942–1945 Top-scoring fighter pilot of any war. German Luftwaffe ace Maj. Erich Hartmann scored 352 victories all while flying a Messerschmitt BF 109 during WWII. He was involved in 800 dogfights, and flew 1,425 missions. Maj. Hartmann survived the war. 1942 First enemy bombing of U.S. mainland. During WWII, a floatplane launched from a Japanese submarine off Cape Blanco, Ore., dropped incendiary bombs on the Oregon forest in two attempts to start forest fires and terrorize American civilians, but the bombs did little damage (Sept. 9 and 29).      First woman fighter pilot to shoot down an enemy aircraft. Soviet Lieutenant Lilya Litvyak, flying a Yak-1 fighter of the women's 586th Fighter Aviation Regiment, shot down two German planes over Stalingrad (Sept. 13).      First American jet plane flight. Robert Stanley, chief pilot for Bell Aircraft Corp., flew the Bell XP-59 Airacomet at Muroc Army Base, Calif. (Oct. 1). 1944 First production stage rocket-engine fighter plane. The German Messerschmitt Me 163B Komet (test flown 1941) became operational in June 1944. Some 350 of these delta-wing fighters were built before WWII in Europe ended. 1947 First piloted supersonic flight in an airplane. Capt. Charles E. Yeager , U.S. Air Force, flew the X-1 rocket-powered research plane built by Bell Aircraft Corp., faster than the speed of sound at Muroc Air Force Base, Calif. (Oct. 14). 1949 First round-the-world nonstop flight.  Capt. James Gallagher and USAF crew of 13 flew a Boeing B-50A Superfortress around the world nonstop from Ft. Worth, returning to same point: 23,452 mi in 94 hr., 1 min., with four aerial refuelings en route (Feb. 27–March 2). 1950 First nonstop transatlantic jet flight. Col. David C. Schilling (USAF) flew 3,300 mi from England to Limestone, Maine, in 10 hr., 1 min. (Sept. 22). 1951 First solo across North Pole. Charles F. Blair, Jr., flew a converted P-51 (May 29). 1952 First jetliner service. The De Havilland Comet flight was inaugurated by BOAC between London and Johannesburg, South Africa. Flight, including stops, took 23 hr., 38 min. (May 2).      First transatlantic helicopter flight. Capt. Vincent H. McGovern and 1st Lt. Harold W. Moore piloted two Sikorsky H-19s from Westover, Mass., to Prestwick, Scotland (3,410 mi). Trip was made in five stops, with a flying time of 42 hr., 25 min. (July 15–31).      First transatlantic round trip in same day. A British Canberra twin-jet bomber flew from Aldergrove, Northern Ireland, to Gander, Newfoundland, and back in 7 hr., 59 min. flying time (Aug. 26). 1955 First transcontinental round trip in same day. Lt. John M. Conroy piloted an F-86 Sabrejet across U.S. (Los Angeles–New York) and back—5,085 mi—in 11 hr., 33 min., 27 sec. (May 21). 1957 First round-the-world nonstop jet plane flight. Maj. Gen. Archie J. Old, Jr., USAF, led a flight of three Boeing B-52 bombers, powered with eight 10,000-pound-thrust Pratt & Whitney Aircraft J57 engines around the world in 45 hr., 19 min; distance 24,325 mi; average speed 525 mph (completed Jan. 18). 1958 First transatlantic jet passenger service. BOAC, New York to London (Oct. 4). Pan American started daily service, New York to Paris (Oct. 26).      First domestic jet passenger service. National Airlines inaugurated service between New York and Miami (Dec. 10). 1963 First female pilot to fly faster than sound. British pilot, Diana Barnato Walker, flew at a speed of 1,262 mph, flying a two-seat R.A.F. Lightning fighter. 1968 Prototype of world's first supersonic airliner. The Soviet-designed Tupolev Tu-144 made its first flight, Dec. 31. It first achieved supersonic speed on June 5, 1969. 1973 First female pilot of a major U.S. scheduled airline. Emily H. Warner became employed by Frontier Airlines on Jan. 29 as second officer on a Boeing 737. 1976 First regularly scheduled commercial supersonic transport (SST) flights begin. Air France and British Airways inaugurated service (Jan. 21). Air France flew the Paris–Rio de Janeiro route; B.A., the London–Bahrain. Both airlines began SST service to Washington, D.C. (May 24). 1977 First successful human-powered aircraft. Paul MacCready, an aeronautical engineer from Pasadena, Calif., was awarded the Kremer Prize for creating the world's first successful human-powered aircraft. The Gossamer Condor was flown by Bryan Allen over the required 3-mile course on Aug. 23. 1978 First successful transatlantic balloon flight. Three Albuquerque, N.M., men, Ben Abruzzo, Larry Newman, and Maxie Anderson, completed the crossing (Aug. 16.; landed, Aug. 17) in their helium-filled balloon, Double Eagle II. 1979 First man-powered aircraft to fly across the English Channel. The Kremer Prize for the Channel crossing was won by Bryan Allen, who flew the Gossamer Albatross from Folkestone, England, to Cap Gris-Nez, France, in 2 hr., 55 min. (June 12). 1980 First successful balloon flight over the North Pole. Sidney Conn and his wife, Eleanor, in hot-air balloon Joy of Sound (April 11).      First nonstop transcontinental balloon flight, and also record for longest overland voyage in a balloon. Maxie Anderson and his son completed four-day flight from Fort Baker, Calif., to Matane, Quebec, in their helium-filled balloon, Kitty Hawk (May 12).      First long-distance solar-powered flight. Janice Brown, a 98-lb former teacher, flew a tiny experimental solar-powered aircraft, Solar Challenger, 6 mi in 22 min. near Marana, Ariz. (Dec. 3). The craft was powered by a 2.75-horsepower engine. 1981 First solar-powered aircraft to fly across the English Channel. Stephen R. Ptacek flew the 210-pound Solar Challenger at an average speed of 30 mph from Cormeilles-en-Vexin near Paris to the Royal Manston Air Force Base in southeast England in 5 hr., 30 min. (July 7). 1984 First solo transatlantic balloon flight. Joe W. Kittinger landed Sept. 18 near Savona, Italy, in his helium-filled balloon, Rosie O'Grady's Balloon of Peace, after a flight of 3,535 mi from Caribou, Maine. 1986 First nonstop flight around the world without refueling. From Edwards AFB, Calif., Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager flew in Voyager around the world (24,986.727 mi), returning to Edwards in 216 hr., 3 min., 44 sec. (Dec. 14–23). 1987 First transatlantic hot-air balloon flight. Richard Branson and Per Lindstrand flew 2,789.6 mi from Sugarloaf Mt., Maine, to Ireland in the hot-air balloon Virgin Atlantic Flyer (July 2–4). 1991 First transpacific hot-air balloon flight. Richard Branson and Per Lindstrand flew about 6,700 mi from Miyakonyo, Japan, to 150 mi west of Yellowknife, Canada (Jan. 15–17). 1993 First woman to copilot a commercial supersonic plane. Barbara Harmer, British Airways, flew as first officer on the Concorde from London to New York City (March 25). 1995 First solo transpacific balloon flight. Steve Fossett made a flight of more than 5,430 mi from Seoul, South Korea, to Leader, Saskatchewan, Canada, in a helium-filled balloon. Also set record for distance (Feb. 18–21, 1995). 1998 First U.S. female combat pilot to bomb an enemy target. On Dec. 16, Lt. Kendra Williams, USN, bombed enemy targets over Iraq during Operation Desert Fox. 1999 First nonstop round-the-world balloon flight. Bertrand Piccard (Switzerland) and Brian Jones (UK) flew 28,431 mi (45,755 km) from Chateaux d'Oex, Switzerland, to Dakhla, Egypt, in 19 days, 21 hr., and 55 min. (March 1–21). 2001 First solar-powered flight to shatter altitude records. NASA's solar-powered propeller-driven plane Helios reached an altitude of 96,500 ft during a flight over Hawaii, breaking not only the 80,200-foot record for propeller-driven aircraft, but the 85,068-foot mark for all nonrocket aircraft as well (Aug. 13–14). 2002 First solo nonstop round-the-world balloon flight. Steve Fossett (U.S.) flew from Northam, West Australia, to Lake Yamma Yamma, Queensland, Australia, landing after 14 days, 19 hrs. He broke three balloon records along the way: fastest time around the world, measured by crossing 117° East longitude (13 days, 3 min.), longest distance flown solo (20,483.25 mi; 32,963.35 km), and longest time flown solo (355 hrs, 50 min.) (June 19–July 3). 2004 First non-stop 10,000-mile-plus passenger airline flight. Singapore Airlines launched a non-stop 181/2 hour, 10,335-mile flight on the long-range Airbus 340-500 between Singapore to Newark, New Jersey (June 28–29). (To date, the world's longest nonstop commercial flight took place on Nov. 10, 2005. A Boeing 777-200LR Worldliner flew from London to Hong Kong [13,422 miles] in 22 hrs, 43 min.) 2005 First nonstop solo flight around the world without refueling. From Salina, Kansas, Steve Fossett flew the Virgin Atlantic Globalflyer 22,878 mi around the world, arriving back in Kansas 67 hrs later (Feb. 28–March 3). 2007 Youngest and first black pilot to fly solo around the world. From Miami Gardens, Florida, Barrington Irving flew a Columbia 400 plane named Inspiration around the world in 96 days, 150 hours (March 23-June 27).

i don't know

What state had its bi-centenary of joining the Union a year after North Carolina?

Approving Statehood Approving Statehood: When did your State Join the Union?         Learn what year your state joined the Union and became part of the "United States of         America".         Choose the first letter of the state you're looking for:         Or read about the U.S. Territories         The 50 States         Alabama entered the Union on December 14, 1819. In January 1861, Alabama seceded         from the Union, and on February 4, delegates from six states met at Montgomery and         formed the Confederate States of America, with Montgomery as the capital. After the         Civil War, Alabama reentered the Union.         Alaska         Alaska became the 49th State on January 3, 1959; it was the first new state in the Union         since 1912.         Arizona became the 48th state on February 14, 1912.         Arkansas         Despite opposition in Congress to a new slave state, Arkansas became a state on June         15, 1836. Arkansas Governor Henry M. Rector seized Fort Smith and Arkansas joined         the Confederacy in 1861 reentering the Union at War's end. California         Congress hesitated to welcome a new free state, but because of its booming population         and the discovery of gold, California was admitted in September , 1850.         Colorado         After three tries Colorado was made a state on August 1, 1876.         Connecticut         Connecticut, one of the thirteen colonies, became the fifth state on January 9, 1788. Delaware         Delaware, one of the thirteen colonies, gained its distinction as the "First State" when it         was the first to ratify the Constitution on December 7, 1787. Florida         Florida became a state on March 3, 1845, a move delayed by the reluctance of Congress         to admit another slave state, and it joined the Confederacy on January 10, 1861,         re-entering the Union at war's end. Georgia         Georgia, one of the thirteen colonies, ratified the U.S. Constitution on January 2, 1788,         becoming the fourth state to do so; it joined the Confederacy on January 19, 1861, and         reentered the Union after the Civil War. Hawaii         Hawaii became the Fiftieth state on August 21, 1959 Idaho         Idaho became a state on July 3, 1890.         Illinois         Illinois became the 21st state on December 3, 1818.         Indiana         Indiana became the 19th state on December 11, 1816.         Iowa         On December 28, 1846, Iowa became the first free state in the old Louisiana Territory. Kansas         Kansas became a free state on January 29, 1861, after seven years of bloody feuding         between residents over whether to be admitted as a slave or free state.         Kentucky         Kentucky became the first state to be carved from the great western wilderness. Louisiana         Louisiana became the 18th state on April 30, 1812. It joined the Confederacy on January         26, 1861 and reentered the Union after the Civil War. Maine         Maine became the 23rd state on March 15, 1820. Its admission to the Union balanced         the simultaneous admission of Missouri as a slave state.         Maryland         Maryland became the seventh state on April 28, 1788. During the Civil War, President         Abraham Lincoln placed Maryland under military control.         Massachusetts         Originally part of the thirteen colonies, Massachusetts became a state on February 6,         1788.         Michigan became the 26th state on January 26, 1837.         Minnesota         On May 11, 1858 Minnesota became the 32 state.         Mississippi         On December 10, 1817, Mississippi was admitted as the 20th state.         Missouri         Missouri was admitted as a slave state on August 10, 1821, after an agreement known as         the Missouri Compromise in which Maine was admitted as a free state.         Montana         Montana achieved statehood on November 8, 1889. Nebraska         President Andrew Jackson vetoed the Nebraska statehood bill of 1866, but Congress         overrode his veto, and Nebraska became a state on March 1, 1867.         Nevada         On October 31, 1864, at the urging of President Abraham Lincoln, Nevada became a         state. Only a short four years earlier, it had been a wilderness.         New Hampshire         In a sense, New Hampshire, originally one of the thirteen colonies, "created" the new         nation by becoming the ninth state on June 21, 1788, meeting the requirement for nine         states to ratify the Constitution.         New Jersey         New Jersey, one of the thirteen colonies, became the third state on December 18, 1787.         New Mexico         On January 6, 1912, New Mexico became the 47th state.         New York         On July 26, 1788, New York, one of the thirteen colonies, became the 11th state.         North Carolina         North Carolina, one of the thirteen colonies, became the 12th state on November 21,         1789. North Carolina troops suffered the greatest losses of all the states during the Civil         War while fighting for the Confederacy.  North Carolina reentered the Union after the fighting ceased.         North Dakota         Both North and South Dakota became states on November 2, 1889. Ohio         In 1803, Ohio became the first state west of the Alleghenies.         Oklahoma         Oklahoma became a state on November 6, 1907, with a population of 1,414,177,         including residents in Indian Territory.         Oregon         On February 14, 1859, Oregon gained statehood. Pennsylvania         In September 1787, the U.S. Constitution was signed in Philadelphia and on December         12, 1787, Pennsylvania, one of the thirteen colonies, became the second state. Rhode Island         Rhode Island was the last of the thirteen colonies to join the Union on May 29, 1790. South Carolina         South Carolina, one of the thirteen colonies, became the eighth state on May 23, 1788.         On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede form the Union.         It reentered after the Civil War.         South Dakota         Both Dakotas became states on November 2, 1889. Tennessee         Tennessee became a state on June 1, 1796. On June 8, 1861, it joined the Confederacy         and became a major battleground for the Civil War, reentering the Union after war's         end.         After ten years of independence, Texas became a state on December 29, 1845. Utah         Utah became the 45th state on January 4, 1896. Vermont         Vermont became the first state added to the Union following the 13 colonies on March 1,         1791.         Virginia         One of the original thirteen colonies, Virginia became the 10th state on June 25, 1788. Richmond         became the capital of the Confederacy on May 29, 1861, but reentered the Union after         the war.         Residents of Washington were given the right to vote for president and vice president with         the ratification of the 23rd Amendment in 1961. But the District of Columbia does not         have statehood.         On November 11, 1889, Washington became a state.         West Virginia         On June 20, 1863, the wartime state of West Virginia was born by acceptance of the         federal government.         Wisconsin became the 30th state on May 29, 1848.         Wyoming         Although the Wyoming population was not enough to qualify for statehood, it became one         anyway on July 10, 1890.           Puerto Ricans received U.S. citizenship in 1917, and the island became an internally self-         governing commonwealth in 1952. The people of Puerto Rico are represented in the U.S.         House of Representatives by a nonvoting delegate.         U.S. Virgin Islands         In 1927, the people of the U.S.. Virgin Islands became American nationals and in 1936,         they achieved limited self-government. Today the Virgin Islands has a limited form of         self-government, with an elected governor and lieutenant, and a nonvoting delegate to the         U.S. House of Representatives.         American Samoa         The United States, Britain, and France claimed trade and other privileges in the islands,         and the United States established a naval station at Pago Pago in 1878. An agreement of         1899 gave the U.S. the right to govern present American Samoa. In 1978, a         governor was popularly elected for the first time.         Guam         After the Spanish-American War of 1898, Spain ceded the island to the United States.         Guam is represented by a nonvoting delegate in the U.S. House of Representatives, and         its residents are citizensbut do not vote for the President.         Micronesia         Several Pacific Island groups, collectively known as Micronesia, were placed under U.S.         trusteeship after WorldWar II. The trusteeship has since been dissolved. The Northern         Mariana Islands is a U.S.commonwealth; the other island groups are now independent         states with close ties to the U.S.         The information for this listing was provided by:         The World Almanac of theU.S.A.         Edited by Allan Carpentarand Carl Provorse         World Almanac Books, 1996         An Imprint of K-III ReferenceCorporation         One International Boulevard

Rhode Island

With which instrument was Charlie Christian associated?

Floripedia: Florida Becomes a State Florida Becomes a State A History of Florida 1904 Admitted as a State. After the end of the Indian war, many persons came to make their homes in Florida, towns grew, and people began to think that it was time for the Territory to become a State. They wanted to be able to elect their governor, to send senators and representatives to Congress, to take part in electing the President, and to enjoy many other privileges not allowed a Territory. Some thought Florida should be divided into two States, East Florida and West Florida, while others thought it should not be divided. Finally Congress agreed that Florida should come into the Union as one State, and the bill was signed by President Tyler, March 3, 1845. Governor John Branch Governor John Branch. The governor of Florida at that time was John Branch of North Carolina. Few men have held more responsible positions or have been more esteemed than he. For six years he was a member of the Senate of North Carolina, and was afterwards made governor of that State. After serving as governor, he was sent to the United States Senate, and just after he had been elected a second time, Jackson made him secretary of the navy in his Cabinet. Later he was elected member of Congress, then again a member of the State Senate, and was appointed governor of Florida in 1844. What occasion marked a great impetus in the growth of Florida? What proposition was agitated preliminary to seeking admission as a State? How and when was Florida admitted? First Election, 1845. Governor Branch fixed the 26th of May, 1845, as the date for electing a governor and other State officers. When the votes were counted, it was found that William D. Moseley was elected, and so he became the first governor of the State of Florida. In 1838 a convention had met at St. Joseph, which was then one of the most important towns of the State, but has now entirely disappeared, and had framed a constitution for the Territory. This was adopted as the State constitution, and was the basic law of the State until 1861. Who was then governor? Tell of his former distinctions. In what year did he become governor? When was the first election held for the State of Florida? Who was elected governor? Governor Moseley. Like Eaton and Branch the new governor was a native of North Carolina and had been educated at Chapel Hill, where he graduated in the class with James K. Polk. Before he came to Florida he had been a member of the Senate of North Carolina for nine years. Progress—Completion of Capitol. While he was governor, much public land was sold, and many persons came to make their homes in the State. Much interest seems to have been felt in education, and the governor in his message to the Legislature, urged the establishment of schools and seminaries, especially the common schools "that should bring instruction to every man's door." It was in 1845 that the capitol, the corner stone of which was laid twenty years before, was completed. Indian Outbreak. There were now several hundred Indians in the State, one hundred and fifty of whom could bear arms. Though so few in numbers, it was remembered that in the Seminole War, great harm had been done by small bands when our forces were in the field. People, especially those near the reservation, did not feel that life or property was safe, for the Indians did not confine themselves to their limits, but would make excursions into the neighboring country, sometimes as far as a hundred miles. In 1849 and 1857 there were Indian outbreaks, but they were soon put down by the State troops. What were the important features of Gov. Moseley's administration? Governor Brown. Our next governor was Thomas Brown. He was a native of Virginia, but had lived in Florida for many years, his upright life and kind heart winning for him many friends in private and public life. He was much interested in the establishment of schools, and while he was governor complained that Florida was making slow progress. Governor Broome. At the next election James E. Broome was chosen governor. In Broome's administration there was another Indian outbreak, more serious than the last, but this too was quelled by the State troops. Governor Broome was succeeded by Madison Starke Perry, the latter part of whose term was filled with political excitement. The Rupture of the Nation. When our government was formed after the Revolution, it was generally believed that any State had the right to withdraw from the Union as freely as it had entered. The New England States had threatened more than once to use this right. The people of the South still believed that this right was their only protection against injustice. They felt that they had been treated unjustly by the government in not being allowed to take their slaves into new Territories, and when Lincoln, who had declared that the Union could not exist "half slave and half free," was elected President, they believed that the time had come to separate their Union and form their own government. What trouble was there in 1849? Who succeeded Moseley? Who was the third State governor? What was the chief event in Broome's administration? What was the general belief regarding States' rights? Secession Convention. This was not an unexpected trouble, but bad been long foreseen. Governor Moseley had years before spoken of "the clouds over the Southern horizon," and had said that dear as the Union was, the people of Florida ought never to give up their rights. In 1859 the Legislature declared that Florida would stand by the other Southern States if their rights were in danger. Seal of Florida In November of the next year Governor Perry recommended to the Legislature the withdrawal of the State from the Union, and called a convention for that purpose to meet at Tallahassee, January 3, 1861. Ordinance Adopted. In this convention were many whose names afterwards became distinguished. There were Davis, Ward, Lamar, Patton, Anderson, Finnegan, Daniel, and others of great zeal and talent. Bishop Rutledge opened the convention with prayer. There was the greatest interest, and the capital was crowded every hour the convention was in session. On January 10 the vote was taken and the ordinance of secession was passed. It declared that Florida withdrew herself from the Union and was an independent nation. Excitement. There was the wildest excitement. Amid shouts and cheers men embraced each other and cried that the day of liberty had come. When the Declaration of Independence was signed, the Liberty Bell was rung. What was one of the causes of the resort to secession? What shows that this action had been expected for some years? Give the date of the convention and some of the representative names on its Membership roll. Florida had no liberty bell, but Madame Murat was invited to fire the cannon in honor of the occasion. some. There were some, however, who felt no gladness; some still loved the Union and honored the old flag, and their hearts were sad, and tears filled their eyes. Source: Excerpt from Part Two, Chapter 11, "How Florida became a State, and how she withdrew from the Union" A History of Florida, 1904. Next Section ; Table of Contents .

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In which country is the Howrah bridge?

Untitled Document Click on thumbnails for full sized pictures A Flashback: The Seamless Bonds of Time The end of the 17th Century Kolkata witnessed the gradual emergence of the city of Kolkata brought about by the merger of three villages - Kolkata, Sutanati & Gobindapur, on the eastern bank of the river Hooghly, the other name of River 'Ganga'. On the western bank, Howrah came up as a bustling site of commerce. The twin cities of Calcutta (re-named as Kolkata in the year 2001), and Howrah , were separated by the River Hooghly, and shared a common historical linkage towards the eventual construction of the Rabindra Setu, more commonly known as Howrah bridge. While Kolkata, from a small sleeping hamlet of artisans and mercantile community eventually developed , as a commercial hub of a modern metropolitan city , Howrah (virtually the store house of raw material resources) became its industrial satellite. Kolkata was declared the capital of India by the British and remained so till 1911. The railway station at Howrah set up in the year 1906 and the bridge (later popularly known as Howrah Bridge) thus served as the logistic link with the country's one of the oldest metropolies, Kolkata. The Legislative department of the then Government of Bengal passed the Howrah Bridge Act, in the year 1871, under the Bengal Act IX of 1871. Sir Bradford Leslie's famous floating pontoon bridge, the earlier avatar of the modern Howrah Bridge, was initially set up   in 1874, almost coinciding with the establishment of the port of Calcutta in 1870 (www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in). For the convenient plying of passenger and vehicular traffic, the pool was connected as a whole. However, this was unfastened everyday, particularly during the night for safe passage of steamers, boats and other marine vehicles. From 19th August, 1879, the bridge was illuminated by fixing electric poles at the centre.This was done by using the electricity rendered from the dynamo at the Mallick GhatPumping Station. The Bridge was then 1528 ft. long and 62 ft. wide. On both sideswere pavements 7 ft. wide for the sake of pedestrians. The 48 ft. road in between,was for plying of traffic." The emergence of Kolkata as the political capital of the nation and expanding volume of merchandise routed through the port of Kolkata had a synergistic effect on the commercial importance of the bridge.  The location of the initial pontoon bridge, was around 100 yards down-stream of the present Howrah Bridge (renamed as Rabindra Setu in the year 1965) after Rabindranath Tagore, the philosopher - bard and one of the most important nineteenth century renaissance personalities to leave a lasting impression on modern India. The Early Initiatives The newly appointed Port Commissioners in 1871 were also appointed Bridge Commissioners and were enjoined to take charge of the structure . The Commissioners took over the management of the Howrah Bridge in February, 1875. Since the early part of the 20th Century, the bridge showed signs of duress for catering to the increased traffic load. The Commissioners of Port of Calcutta instituted a Committee under the convenorship of Mr. John Scott, the then Chief Engineer of the Port. The other members included Mr. R.S. Highet, Chief Engineer, East Indian Railway and Mr. W.B. MacCabe Chief Engineer, Calcutta Corporation. The telling observations made by the Committee make a fascinating reading even today. The committee observed that "bullock carts formed the eight - thirteenths of the vehicular traffic (as observed on 27th of August 1906, the heaviest day's traffic observed in the port of Commissioners" 16 day's Census of the vehicular traffic across the existing bridge). The road way on the existing bridge is 48 feet wide except at the shore spans where it is only 43 feet in road ways, each 21 feet 6 inches wide. The roadway on the new bridge would be wide enough to take at least two lines of vehicular traffic and one line of trams in each direction and two roadways each 30 feet wide, giving a total width of 60 feet of road way which are quite sufficient for this purpose.................... The traffic across the existing floating bridge Calcutta & Howrah is very heavy and it is obvious if the new bridge is to be on the same site as the existing bridge, then unless a temporary bridge is provided, there will be serious interruptions to the traffic while existing bridge is being moved to one side to allow the new bridge to be erected on the same site as the present bridge". (Source : Adapted from the Resolution adopted by the Commissioner's of Port of Calcutta). The Options at Hand The committee explored six major options viz:- a) Large ferry steamers capable of taking vehicular traffic (One time set up cost Rs. 29 lakhs, annual cost: Rs. 4.37 lakhs). b) A transporters bridge [One time set up cost Rs. 20 lakhs] c) A tunnel [one time set up cost Rs. 3382.58 lakhs, annual cost: Rs. 17.79 lakhs] d) A bridge on piers (One time setup cost: Rs. 225 lakhs) e) A floating bridge (One time cost: Rs. 21.40 lakhs; annual maintenance cost: Rs. 2 lakhs). f) An arched bridge (Cost to be ascertained). The committee, after considering the financial aspects and traffic potential, zeroed in on installation of some form or other of a floating bridge. It decided to call for tenders from 23 firms for design and construction of the new bridge. A prize of money £ 3,000 (Rs. 45,000, at the then exchange rate) was earmarked for the firm whose design would be accepted.   The Aborted Attempt The construction of the bridge, in spite of an early and well meaning effort, had to be postponed because of outbreak of the First World War (1914 - 1919 ). The bridge was partially renewed in the years 1917 and 1927.   The Renewed Efforts: Small Steps Towards the Final Grail 1921 : A committee of Engineers, named the 'Mukherjee Committee', was formed, comprising Sir R.N. Mukherjee, Industrialist, Sir Clement Hindley, Chairman of Calcutta Port Trust and Mr. J. McGlashan, Chief Engineer. 1921 : The matter regarding construction of the bridge on piers was referred to Sir Basil Mott, an expert. He proposed construction of single span arched bridge. 1922 : (New) Howrah Bridge Commissioners to the Government of Bengal was set up. Mukherjee Committee submitted its report. 1926 : New Howrah Bridge Act. passed. The Commissioners for the Port of Calcutta, for the time being, were made the Commisioners for the new bridge 1929: M/s. Rendel, Palmer and Tritton submitted their report and alternative estimates for a cantilever and a floating bridge were drawn up. 1930 : A committee (Goode Committee) comprising Mr. S.W. Goode, C.I.E, I.C.S., as President, Mr. S.N. Mallick, C.I.E. and Mr. W.H. Thompson, M.L.C. was constituted to investigate and report on the advisability of constructing a pier bridge between Calcutta and Howrah. 1930: Report submitted by the officiating Chief Engineer to the Chairman, Calcutta Port Commissioners. He recommended that M/s. Rendel, Palmer and Tritton be asked to consider the construction of a 'Suspension' bridge and attached the plan of a suggested type of suspension bridge prepared by Mr. Walton, Chief Draftsman. 1935: New Howrah Bridge Act. amended   The Renewed Start M/s. Rendel, Palmer and Tritton submitted their report including the design and drawing of the bridge. The construction of the bridge was awarded to a British firm viz. Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Company Ltd. on the basis of a global tender invited during 1934-35. The construction of the new bridge commenced in 1936 under the supervision of the Howrah Bridge Commissioners under the aegis of the then Commissioners of the port of Calcutta. The Impending War Clouds The Second World War was looming large and the bridge was constructed under the tense and formidable war pressures. It was completed in 1942 and opened to public in February 1943.   The Final Deliverance : The New Structural Wonder The new Howrah Bridge, the fourth cantilever bridge in the world, was commissioned (under the aegis of the then commissioners of the Port of Calcutta) in February 1943. It consumed 26,500 tons of steel and was constructed at an approximate cost of Rs. 250 lakhs. No incidents of major casualty were reported during the construction phase of the bridge. Brief Technical Parameters of the Bridge Rabindra Setu is a suspension type balanced cantilever bridge with central span1500 ft. between centers of main towers. The Anchor arms are 325ft. and the Cantilever arms are 468 ft. long at both ends. While the middle suspended span is 564 ft., main towers are 280 ft. high above the monoliths and 76 ft. apart at the top Bridge deck width is 71 ft. with two footpaths of 15 ft. on either side. All members of the super structure comprise built-up reverted sections with a combination of high tensile and mild steel. Between towers, bridge deck hangs from panel points in the lower chord of the main trusses with a series of hangers (39 pairs). Roadway beyond the towers is supported on ground leaving anchor arm free from deck loads. Bridge deck comprises 71 ft. carriageway and 15 ft. footway, projecting either side of the trusses and braced by longitudinal facia girder.   Maintenance & Repair : Living up to Future Expectations. Since inception, Kolkata Port Trust is the custodian of the bridge, responsible for carrying out elaborate maintenance and repair works needed for refurbishment/restoration of distressed components etc. All these years, it has withstood the unprecedented changes in the mode of transportation and traffic density and silently borne the ravages of time. Yet it has successfully stood the test, remaining as functional and reliable as ever. The City of Joy and the Rabindra Setu : A Saga of Shared History The New Howrah Bridge, which in itself is a structural marvel, and considered one of the wonders of the world is of immense heritage value. True  to Joseph Jonhert's observation, " The monuments are the grappling irons that bind one generation to another ".  It has been binding different generations of people crossing the bridge  and has stoically borne the weight of nearly a lakh of vehicles and innumerable pedestrians crossing it daily, thus registering itself as one of the busiest bridges in the world. For more than sixty years now, it has come to be recognised as the living symbol of the city of Kolkata, sharing a totemic relationship with its growth and evolution. It has become the 'Gateway of Kolkata', the veritable 'city of joy'.   The city of Kolkata with a strong socio-cultural and historical moorings is but a fitting citadel to cradle this technological marvel for present & future generations, including engineers, architects, city planners & other professionals from diverse walks of life to marvel and appreciate this superb work of craftsmanship. The city, justly sharing the epithet of 'Cultural' capital of the country, apart from  nurturing the flame of the eighteenth century renaissance in the whole country, has provided the  intellectual stimulation for such savants from the scientific, literacy & cultural circuits viz. Acharya Satyendranath Bose, Acharya Suniti Kumar Chattopadhyay, Satyajit Roy etal who had trodden the world stage as colossuses. The city is directly associated with the life and works of Nobel laureates viz. Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore (1913), Dr. C.V. Raman (1930),  Mother Teresa (1979) and Prof. Dr. Amartya Sen (1998). The city has the oldest major port of India (Port of Calcutta - 1870) and the first underground railways in 1984 apart from housing the largest library (The National Library) and Museum (The Indian Museum etc.) The Re-Christening: The New Howrah Bridge was re-christened as the Rabindra Setu in the year 1965, in the honour of the country's first Nobel laureate Gurudev Rabindra Nath Tagore. The city of Calcutta was renamed as 'Kolkata' in the year 2001.   The Twins: With the phenomenal increase in city traffic and to partially release the pressures of the Rabinda Setu,  the largest cable stayed bridge (in Asia) over the River Hooghly was constructed  by a consortium of India n P.S.U. and private firm under the consultancy of S&P Germany & FFP of UK. The Bridge was commissioned in the year 1992 under the aegis of Hooghly River Bridge Commissioners. This bridge was christened "Vidya Sagar Setu", after the country's greatest educationist-reformer and freedom fighter, Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidya Sagar.  

India

What are the international registration letters of a vehicle from Brunei?

Howrah – Travel guide at Wikivoyage Howrah is a city in Southeast Bengal in India , west of Kolkata , across the Hooghly River. Howrah Bridge Understand[ edit ] Howrah officially is a city on its own but in fact it has long grown into one huge urban agglomeration together with Kolkata. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly river. Get in[ edit ] Howrah Railway Station is the largest station complex in the country. The headquarters of Eastern Railways, it is well-connected to other parts of India. From its twin-city Kolkata it is easy to arrive by local city bus. As the station is the major transportation hub many bus routes either terminate at or passes through Howrah station. Get around[ edit ] Howrah Railway Station, viewed from Howrah Bridge Kolkata downtown is just across the river, and probably the reason one's here in the first place. To zip around between Kolkata and Howrah the ferry service to cross the river Hoogly is very convenient. There are a number of jetties. On the Kolkata side the ferries link to such jetties as Baghbazar, Armenian, Fairlie, Chandpal, Babughat, Princep. On the Howrah side there jetties at Howrah Station, Botanical Garden and Belur Math. Buy the ticket before you board the ferry and retain the ticket till after you have crossed to the other side and have shown it to the ticket checker near the exit gate or else you will be penalised! There are numerous buses to Kolkata and different parts of Howrah. Taxis are also available for travel within Howrah an Kolkata. For short distance travel, there are auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws. Bridges[ edit ] There are four bridges across the Hooghly River, connecting Howrah and Kolkata. 22.5851 88.3469 1 Howrah Bridge (Officially: Rabindra Setu). The eastern rail terminus for Indian railways is at Howrah. An estimated two million people use Howrah station every day. Howrah station is Kolkata's main railway station and in order to go to Kolkata some use the ferry, a few hire taxis but most use buses or walk across the bridge. The area around Howrah station and Howrah Bridge has grown as a world of its own, catering to the needs of a huge floating population. The 705 m (2,313.0 ft) long Howrah Bridge is a cantilever bridge with a suspended span over the Hooghly River, commissioned in 1943. - This bridge frames the skyline of the riverfront. The ambience is as amicable and profound as the river that flows alongside. But, turn back to your trail of discovery. Dalhousie Square was the administrative centre for British India. On one side is the General Post Office, a majestic specimen of Edwardian architecture. It is built on the site of the original Fort William. On the other side stands Writers’ Building, a massive Gothic structure with lonic pillars – still the house of political power.  22.6527 88.3578 2 Nivedita Setu. Nivedita Setu is a cable-stayed bridge over Hooghly River in Kolkata, West Bengal. It runs parallel to and around 50 m downstream of the old Vivekananda Setu.  22.5569 88.3277 3 Vidyasagar Setu. With a total length of 823 m (2,700 ft), Vidyasagar Setu is the longest cable–stayed bridge in India and one of the longest in Asia. It was built 3.7 km south/ downstream of Howrah Bridge. The bridge was commissioned in 1992  22.6529 88.3508 4 Vivekananda Setu. The 2,887 feet (880 m) long rail-cum-road bridge was built in 1932 as Willingdon bridge, and renamed Vivekananda Setu.  Do[ edit ] 22.56 88.29 1 Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden (situated in the Southern part of Howrah, about 3km from Howrah station, get there by bus or taxi - depending on traffic it will take you anything between 25-45 minutes). Mar-Sept: 5am-5.30pm; Oct-Feb: 5.30am-5pm. An extraordinary place of vivid nature under the smog filled sky of the city. You will value the silence that is only filled by some birds singing. Nature is wonderfully beautiful here foreigners: ₹50; Indians: ₹5.  Santragachi Jheel. Migratory Birds at Santragachi jheel in January. 22.5820669 88.283338 2 Santragachhi Jheel, Middle part of Howrah city (7 km from Howrah station by train, or 6 km from Kolkata via Vidyasagar Setu). Santragachhi Jheel is a large lake, located next to the Santragachhi railway station. This lake attracts large number of migratory birds in the winter months, particularly in December and January. The number has increased in recent years, as migratory birds have started to avoid destinations like the lakes in Alipore Zoo, Kolkata. Birds like Saras Crane from North America and Australia, and many other local migratory birds such as Cotton Pygmy Goose, Comb Duck etc. are spotted here during this season. The lake area is owned by South Eastern Railway, though the Forest Department of West Bengal also looks after the place. Efforts are made by local residents, Forest Department and Railways to improve the environment for the birds.  Buy[ edit ] It might be worth while to stroll down Howrah Maidan just for the excitement of a local market, busy with street shops selling anything from clothes, to pots, to fruits. By bus or taxi from Howrah station it will only take 10 minutes to get there. 22.56301 88.32310 1 Avani Riverside Mall , 32 Jagat Banerjee Ghat Road, Howrah (On way to Kolkata - From Prinsep Ghat Railway Station (1 km) take a trip to Dinobondhu College Bus Stop 0.5 km -),  ☎ +91 33 3312-9000 , fax: +91-33-2289-5811/12FORMAT. 11 AM to 10 PM. This three storey mall contains East India's first PVR cinema hall. Large food court and many shops. Free.  Eat[ edit ] Local foods you must try are egg, chicken and mutton roll. Howrah is known for its egg chicken roll, which is available anywhere for ₹20. You will not find these foods anywhere else in the world. Mutton Biriyani is also worth a try, in Nizams or Arsalan. Sleep[ edit ] For places to sleep in the Sudder Street area see Kolkata/Esplanade , for the Sealdah station area see Kolkata/North Kolkata , for the Ballygunge area see Kolkata/South . For other areas see the relevant area page. Mid-range[ edit ] 22.585833 88.341843 1 The Howrah Hotel , 1, Mukhram Kanoria Road (Adjacent to the Howrah Railway Station),  ☎ +91 33 26413878 , e-mail: [email protected] . Check-in: 24 Hours. A heritage property, with a lot of character and one of the oldest hotels of Kolkata. Renowned for homey atmosphere and offers very neat and clean, airy rooms - one of the safest hotels in the locality, with cordial staff. Attached baths and cable TV. Five minutes walking distance from the railway station and bus stand. 5,000 sq ft garden. +phones =+91 33 26412149-28490240/55538251 ₹550-₹650+.  Splurge[ edit ] 22.593273 88.270195 2 Fortune Park Panchwati , Kona Expressway, Howrah - 711403 Tel: 033-39884444 Fax: 033-39881222 e-mail: [email protected] (Near Santragachi, 5 Kms. from Vidyasagar Toll Plaza in Howrah, 20 min travel from Esplanade.). Nestled in a serene and tranquil atmosphere, Fortune Park Panchwati is a grand place. Standard Room ₹4,200 Fortune Club Room ₹5,000 Executive Suite 7,000 (Best Rates Price).  Connect[ edit ] 22.5617 88.3177 5 Batai Post Office , 461, Sarat Chaterjee Road, Kazipara, Shalimar, Howrah (At 'Santa Sing More' Bus Stop). a Branch Office  Go next[ edit ] This city travel guide to Howrah is an outline and needs more content. It has a template , but there is not enough information present. Please plunge forward and help it grow !

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What was Oliver Hardy's real first name?

Norvell "Oliver" Hardy (1892 - 1957) - Genealogy Norvell "Oliver" Hardy "Babe Hardy", "Oliver Hardy", "Oliver Norvell Hardy", "Oliver N. Hardy" Birthdate: in North Hollywood, California, USA Cause of death: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: "...of -n pay a final tribute to- day to Oliver Hardy, 65, the fat funnyman of the slapstick era, 'ho died Wednesday. Hardy's old '.''Sta... Date: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: "...and Hardy died today j Death came at the home ol Mrs Monnie L Jones his moth erinlaw He had suffered a par alytic stroke last Sept 12... Date: Aug 7 1957 - Los Angeles, California, USA Father's last name: Jan 18 1892 - Harlem, Georgia Death: Aug 7 1957 - North Hollywood, California Parents: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: ... human historv s a mother. COMIiUIAX DIES NORTH HOLLYWOOD, Cahf. Oliver Hardy, the rotund half o! the movie comedy team of Laure! and Har... Date: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: "...and Hardy, died today. Death came at the home of Mrs. Monnic L. Jonub. his mother-in- law. He had suffered paralytic stroke last Sept... Date: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: ... Virginia." Services Are Held In Beverly Hills For Comedian Hardy BEVERLY HILLS. Calif. Masonic funeral services were held Friday for com... Date: NewspaperARCHIVE.com Text: "...a final tribute, iof day to Oliver 'Hardy, 65, the fat funnyman of the slapslick era, who'died Wednesday: Hardy's old partner and fri... Date: Compilation of Published Sources Text: ... comedian Oliver (Babe) Hardy haa broughfioa close one of the greateit eras ... In comedy. The fall guy half of the Uurel and Hardy slaps... Date: Australian Newspapers Text: ... Hotel be- fore going to the course were Major and Mrs. Holt Hardy (Mrs. Hardy was before her re- cent marriage Miss Sue ... ; Itrbutll h... Publication: Feb 8 1940 - Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ... Tattersall's Hotel before going to the course were Major and Mrs. Holt Hardy (Mrs. Hardy was before her recent marriage Miss Sue Russell... Publication: Feb 17 1940 - Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Page: Australian Newspapers Text: ...ears. After the marriage her husband commenced going out at night playing cards. He gave her no money for her support, but used to bring ... Publication: Feb 23 1940 - Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia Page: stepmother About Oliver Hardy American comedic actor Oliver Hardy was one half of the famous Laurel and Hardy, the classic double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted nearly 30 years, from 1927 to 1955. Hardy’s screen character was noted for his genteel pomposity, his tie twiddle, and long suffering look while dealing with Stan’s character and his well-meaning but ultimately frustrating on screen antics. Unlike his future screen partner Stan Laurel, Hardy did not come from a show business family. He was born Norvell Hardy on January 18, 1892 in Harlem, Georgia. His father was a lawyer who died when Hardy was ten; his mother was a hotel owner in both his native Georgia and in Florida. Sometime prior to 1910, Hardy began styling himself "Oliver Norvell Hardy", with the first name “Oliver” being added as a tribute to his father. He appeared as “Oliver N. Hardy” in the 1910 U.S. census, and in all subsequent legal records, marriage announcements, etc., Hardy used “Oliver” as his first name. The young Hardy became fascinated with show business through the stories spun by the performers who stayed at his mother's hotel, and at age eight he ran away to join a minstrel troupe. Possessing a beautiful singing voice, Hardy studied music for a while, but quickly became bored with the regimen; the same boredom applied to his years at Georgia Military College (late in life, Hardy claimed to have briefly studied law at the University of Georgia, but chances are that he never got any farther than filling out an application). Heavy-set and athletic, Hardy seemed more interested in sports than in anything else; while still a teenager, he umpired local baseball games, putting on such an intuitively comic display of histrionics that he invariably reduced the fans to laughter. In 1910, he opened the first movie theater in Milledgeville, Georgia, and as a result became intrigued with the possibilities of film acting. Traveling to Jacksonville, Florida in 1913, he secured work at the Lubin Film Company, where thanks to his 250-pound frame he was often cast as a comic villain. A cabaret and vaudeville singer, Oliver Norvell "Babe" Hardy made his first movie, "Outwitting Dad", in 1914. From 1915-25, Hardy appeared in support of such comedians as Billy West (the famous Chaplin imitator), Jimmy Aubrey, Larry Semon (Hardy played the Tin Woodman in Semon's 1925 version of The Wizard of Oz), and Bobby Ray. An established "heavy" by 1926, Hardy signed with the Hal Roach studios, providing support to such headliners as Our Gang and Charley Chase. With the rest of the Roach stock company, Hardy appeared in the Comedy All-Stars series, where he was frequently directed by fellow Roach contractee Stan Laurel (with whom Hardy had briefly appeared on-screen in the independently produced 1918 two-reeler Lucky Dog). At this point, Laurel was more interested in writing and directing than performing, but was lured back before the cameras by a hefty salary increase. Almost inadvertently, Laurel began sharing screen time with Hardy in such All-Stars shorts as Slipping Wives (1927), Duck Soup (1927) and With Love and Hisses (1927). Roach's supervising director Leo McCarey, noticing how well the pair worked together, began teaming them deliberately, which led to the inauguration of the "Laurel and Hardy" series in late 1927. At first, the comedians indulged in the clichéd fat-and-skinny routines, with Laurel the fall guy for the bullying Hardy. Gradually the comedians developed the multidimensional screen characters with which we're so familiar today. The corpulent Hardy was the pompous know-it-all, whose arrogance and stubbornness always got him in trouble; the frail Stan was the blank-faced man-child, whose carelessness and inability to grasp an intelligent thought prompted impatience from his partner. Underlining all this was the genuine affection the characters held for each other, emphasized by Hardy's courtly insistence upon introducing Stan as "my friend, Mr. Laurel." Gradually Hardy adopted the gestures and traits that rounded out the "Ollie" character: The tie-twiddle, the graceful panache with which he performed such simple tasks as ringing doorbells and signing hotel registers, and the "camera look," in which he stared directly at the camera in frustration or amazement over Laurel's stupidity. Fortunately Laurel and Hardy's voices matched their characters perfectly, so they were able to make a successful transition to sound, going on to greater popularity than before. Sound added even more ingredients to Hardy's comic repertoire, not the least of which were such catch-phrases as "Why don't you do something to help me?" and "Here's another nice mess you've gotten me into." Laurel and Hardy graduated from two-reelers to feature films with 1931's Pardon Us, though they continued to make features and shorts simultaneously until 1935. While Laurel preferred to burn the midnight oil as a writer and film editor, Hardy stopped performing each day at quitting time. He occupied his leisure time with his many hobbies, including card playing, cooking, gardening, and especially golf. The team nearly broke up in 1939, not because of any animosity between them but because of Stan's contract dispute with Hal Roach. While this was being settled, Hardy starred solo in Zenobia (1939), a pleasant but undistinguished comedy about a southern doctor who tends to a sick elephant. Laurel and Hardy reteamed in late 1939 for two more Roach features and for the Boris Morros/RKO production The Flying Deuces (1939). Leaving Roach in 1940, the team performed with the USO and the Hollywood Victory Caravan, then signed to make features at 20th Century-Fox and MGM. The resultant eight films, produced between 1941 and 1945, suffered from too much studio interference and too little creative input from Laurel and Hardy, and as such are but pale shadows of their best work at Roach. In 1947, the team was booked for the first of several music hall tours of Europe and the British Isles, which were resounding successes and drew gigantic crowds wherever Stan and Ollie went. Upon returning to the States, Hardy soloed again in a benefit stage production of What Price Glory directed by John Ford. In 1949, he played a substantial supporting role in The Fighting Kentuckian, which starred his friend John Wayne; as a favor to another friend, Bing Crosby, Hardy showed up in a comic cameo in 1950's Riding High. Back with Laurel, Hardy appeared in the French-made comedy Atoll K (1951), an unmitigated disaster that unfortunately brought the screen career of Laurel and Hardy to a close. After more music hall touring abroad, the team enjoyed a resurgence of popularity in the U.S. thanks to constant showings of their old movies on television. Laurel and Hardy were on the verge of starring in a series of TV comedy specials when Stan Laurel suffered a stroke. While he was convalescing, Hardy endured a heart attack, and was ordered by his doctor to lose a great deal of weight. In 1956, Hardy was felled a massive stroke that rendered him completely inactive; he held on, tended day and night by his wife Lucille, until he died in August of 1957. Ironically, Oliver Hardy’s passing occurred at the same time that he and Stan Laurel were being reassessed by fans and critics as the greatest comedy team of all time. Oliver Hardy’s ashes were interred in the Masonic Garden of Valhalla Memorial Park in North Hollywood. Hardy’s star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is located at 1500 Vine Street, Hollywood, California. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Hardy Oliver Hardy (January 18, 1892 – August 7, 1957) was an American comic actor famous as one half of Laurel and Hardy, the classic double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted over 31 years, from 1926 to 1957. Oliver Hardy was born Norvell Hardy in Harlem, Georgia. His father, Oliver, was a Confederate veteran wounded at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. After his demobilization as a recruiting officer for Company K, 16th Georgia Regiment, the elder Oliver Hardy assisted his father in running the vestiges of the family cotton plantation, bought a share in a retail business and was elected full-time Tax Collector for Columbia County. His mother, Emily Norvell, the daughter of Thomas Benjamin Norvell and Mary Freeman, was descended from Captain Hugh Norvell of Williamsburg, Virginia. Her family arrived in Virginia before 1635. Their marriage took place on March 12, 1890; it was the second marriage for the widow Emily, and the third for Oliver. The family moved to Madison in 1891, before Norvell’s birth. Norvell’s mother owned a house in Harlem, which was either empty or tenanted by her mother. It is probable that Norvell was born in Harlem, though some sources say it was in his mother’s home town, Covington. His father died less than a year after his birth. Hardy was the youngest of five. As a child, Hardy was sometimes difficult. He was sent to a Milledgeville military academy as a youngster. In the 1905/1906 school year, fall semester (September-January), when he was 13, Hardy was sent to Young Harris College in north Georgia. However, he was in the junior high component of that institution (the equivalent of high school today), not the two-year college which exists today. He had little interest in education, although he acquired an early interest in music and theater, possibly from his mother’s tenants. He joined a theatrical group, and later ran away from a boarding school near Atlanta to sing with the group. His mother recognized his talent for singing, and sent him to Atlanta to study music and voice with singing teacher Adolf Dahm-Petersen, but Hardy skipped some of his lessons to sing in the Alcazar Theater, a cinema, for US$3.50 a week. He subsequently decided to go back to Milledgeville. Sometime prior to 1910, Hardy began styling himself "Oliver Norvell Hardy", with the first name “Oliver” being added as a tribute to his father. He appeared as “Oliver N. Hardy” in the 1910 U.S. census, and in all subsequent legal records, marriage announcements, etc., Hardy used “Oliver” as his first name. Hardy’s mother wanted him to attend the University of Georgia in the fall of 1912, to study law, but there is no evidence that he ever did or did not. Early career In 1910, a movie theater opened in Hardy’s home town of Milledgeville, Georgia, and he became the projectionist, ticket taker, janitor and manager. He soon became obsessed with the new motion picture industry, and became convinced that he could do a better job than the actors he saw on the screen. A friend suggested that he move to Jacksonville, Florida, where some films were being made. In 1913, he did just that, where he worked as a cabaret and vaudeville singer at night, and at the Lubin Manufacturing Company during the day. It was at this time that he met and married his first wife, pianist Madelyn Saloshin. The next year he made his first movie, Outwitting Dad, for the Lubin studio. He was billed as O. N. Hardy, taking his father’s name as a memorial. In his personal life, he was known as “Babe” Hardy, a nickname that he was given by an Italian barber, who would apply talcum powder to Oliver’s cheeks and say, “nice-a-bab-y.” In many of his later films at Lubin, he was billed as “Babe Hardy.” Hardy was a big man at six feet, one inch tall and weighed up to 300 pounds. His size placed limitations on the roles he could play. He was most often cast as “the heavy” or the villain. He also frequently had roles in comedy shorts, his size complementing the character. By 1915, he had made 50 short one-reeler films at Lubin. He later moved to New York and made films for the Pathé, Casino and Edison Studios. He then returned to Jacksonville and made films for the Vim Comedy Company, until that studio closed its doors after Hardy discovered the owners were stealing from the payroll.[1] He then worked for the King Bee studio after they bought Vim. He worked with Charlie Chaplin imitator Billy West and comedic actress Ethel Burton Palmer during this time. (Hardy continued playing the “heavy” for West well into the early 1920s, often imitating Eric Campbell to West’s Chaplin.) In 1917, Oliver Hardy moved to Los Angeles, working freelance for several Hollywood studios. Later that year, he appeared in the movie The Lucky Dog, produced by G.M. (“Broncho Billy”) Anderson and starring a young British comedian named Stan Laurel.[2] Oliver Hardy played the part of a robber, trying to stick up Stan’s character. They did not work together again for several years. Between 1918 and 1923, Oliver Hardy made more than forty films for Vitagraph, mostly playing the “heavy” for Larry Semon. In 1919, he separated from his wife, ending with a divorce in 1920, allegedly due to Hardy’s infidelity. The very next year, on November 24, 1921, Hardy married again, to actress Myrtle Reeves. This marriage was also unhappy and Myrtle eventually became an alcoholic.[citation needed] In 1924, Hardy began working at Hal Roach Studios working with the Our Gang films and Charley Chase. In 1925, he starred as the Tin Man in the Wizard of Oz. Also that year he was in the film, Yes, Yes, Nanette!, starring Jimmy Finlayson, who in later years would be a recurring actor in the Laurel and Hardy film series. The film was directed by Stan Laurel.[3] He also continued playing supporting roles in films featuring Clyde Cooke and Bobby Ray. In 1926, Hardy was scheduled to appear in Get ’Em Young but was unexpectedly hospitalized after being burned by a hot leg of lamb. Laurel, who had been working as a gag man and director at Roach Studios, was recruited to fill in.[4] Laurel kept appearing in front of the camera rather than behind it, and later that year appeared in the same movie as Hardy, 45 Minutes from Hollywood, although they didn’t share any scenes together. Career with Stan Laurel In 1927, Laurel and Hardy began sharing screen time together in Slipping Wives, Duck Soup (no relation to the 1933 Marx Brothers’ film of the same name) and With Love and Hisses. Roach Studios’ supervising director Leo McCarey, realizing the audience reaction to the two, began intentionally teaming them together, leading to the start of a Laurel and Hardy series late that year. With this pairing, he created arguably the most famous double act in movie history. They began producing a huge body of short movies, including The Battle of the Century (1927) (with one of the largest pie fights ever filmed), Should Married Men Go Home? (1928), Two Tars (1928), Unaccustomed As We Are (1929, marking their transition to talking pictures) Berth Marks (1929), Blotto (1930), Brats (1930) (with Stan and Ollie portraying themselves, as well as their own sons, using oversized furniture to sets for the ‘young’ Laurel and Hardy), Another Fine Mess (1930), Be Big! (1931), and many others. In 1929, they appeared in their first feature, in one of the revue sequences of Hollywood Revue of 1929 and the following year they appeared as the comic relief in a lavish all-color (in Technicolor) musical feature entitled The Rogue Song. This film marked their first appearance in color. In 1931, they made their first full length movie (in which they were the actual stars), Pardon Us although they continued to make features and shorts until 1935. The Music Box, a 1932 short, won them an Academy Award for best short film — their only such award. In 1936, Hardy’s personal life suffered a blow as he and Myrtle divorced. While waiting for a contractual issue between Laurel and Hal Roach to be resolved, Hardy made Zenobia with Harry Langdon. Eventually, however, new contracts were agreed and the team was loaned out to General Services Studio to make The Flying Deuces. While on the lot, Hardy fell in love with Virginia Lucille Jones, a script girl, whom he married the next year. They enjoyed a happy, successful marriage until his death. In the early 1940s, Laurel and Hardy made A Chump at Oxford (1940)(which features a moment of role reversal, with Oliver becoming a subordinate to a temporarily concussed Stan) and Saps at Sea (1940) before leaving Roach Studios. They began performing for the USO, supporting the Allied troops during World War II, and teamed up to make films for 20th century Fox, and later MGM. Although they were financially better off, they had very little artistic control at the large studios, and hence the films lack the very qualities that had made Laurel and Hardy worldwide names. In 1947, Laurel and Hardy went on a six week tour of Great Britain. Initially unsure of how they would be received, they were mobbed wherever they went. The tour was then lengthened to include engagements in Scandinavia, Belgium, France, as well as a Royal Command Performance for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Biographer John McCabe said they continued to make live appearances in the United Kingdom and France for the next several years, until 1954, often using new sketches and material that Laurel had written for them. In 1949, Hardy’s friend, John Wayne, asked him to play a supporting role in The Fighting Kentuckian. Hardy had previously worked with Wayne and John Ford in a charity production of the play What Price Glory? while Laurel began treatment for his diabetes a few years previously. Initially hesitant, Hardy accepted the role at the insistence of his comedy partner. Frank Capra later invited Hardy to play a cameo role in Riding High with Bing Crosby in 1950. In 1950—51, Laurel and Hardy made their final film. Atoll K (also known as Utopia) was a simple concept; Laurel inherits an island, and the boys set out to sea, where they encounter a storm and discover a brand new island, rich in uranium, making them powerful and wealthy. However, it was produced by a consortium of European interests, with an international cast and crew that could not speak to each other.[5] In addition, the script needed to be rewritten by Stan to make it fit the comedy team’s style, and both suffered serious physical illness during the filming. In 1955, the pair had contracted with Hal Roach, Jr., to produce a series of TV shows based on the Mother Goose fables. They would be filmed in color for NBC.[citation needed] However, this was never to be. Laurel suffered a stroke, which required a lengthy convalescence. Hardy had a heart attack and stroke later that year, from which he never physically recovered. Death In May 1954, Hardy suffered a mild heart attack. During 1956, Hardy began looking after his health for the first time in his life. He lost more than 150 pounds in a few months which completely changed his appearance. Letters written by Stan Laurel, however, mention that Hardy had terminal cancer, which has caused some to suspect that this was the real reason for Hardy’s rapid weight loss. Hardy was a heavy smoker, as was Stan Laurel. Hal Roach made the statement they were a couple of "freight train smoke stacks".[citation needed] [6] Hardy suffered a major stroke on September 14, which left him confined to bed and unable to speak for several months. He remained at home, in the care of his beloved Lucille. He suffered two more strokes in early August 1957, and slipped into a coma from which he never recovered. Oliver Hardy died on August 7, 1957, aged 65 years old.[7] His remains are located in the Masonic Garden of Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery in North Hollywood. [8] In 2006, BBC Four showed a drama called Stan[9] based on Laurel meeting Hardy on his deathbed and reminiscing about their career.[10] Although based on fact, it took great liberties with both the events and main characters.[11] Stan Laurel could not bring himself to go to his film partner and friend's funeral. He stated, "Babe would understand." Legacy Hardy’s star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is located at 1500 Vine Street, Hollywood, California. Filmography For Oliver Hardy’s films without Stan Laurel, see: Filmography of Oliver Hardy For his films with Laurel, see: Laurel and Hardy films

Norvell

Benito Juarez international airport is in which country?

Oliver Hardy - Biography - IMDb Oliver Hardy Biography Showing all 66 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (3) | Trade Mark  (10) | Trivia  (43) | Personal Quotes  (4) Overview (5) 6' (1.83 m) Mini Bio (1) Although his parents were never in show business, as a young boy Oliver Hardy was a gifted singer and, by age eight, was performing with minstrel shows. In 1910 he ran a movie theatre, which he preferred to studying law. In 1913 he became a comedy actor with the Lubin Company in Florida and began appearing in a long series of shorts; his debut film was Outwitting Dad (1914). He appeared in he 1914-15 series of "Pokes and Jabbs" shorts, and from 1916-18 he was in the "Plump and Runt" series. From 1919-21 he was a regular in the "Jimmy Aubrey" series of shorts, and from 1921-25 he worked as an actor and co-director of comedy shorts for Larry Semon . In addition to appearing in two-reeler comedies, he found time to make westerns and even melodramas in which he played the heavy. He is most famous, however, as the partner of British comic Stan Laurel , with whom he had played a bit part in The Lucky Dog (1921). in the mid-1920s both he and Laurel wee working for comedy producer Hal Roach , although not as a team. In a moment of inspiration Roach teamed them together, and their first film as a team was 45 Minutes from Hollywood (1926). Their first release for Roach through MGM was Sugar Daddies (1927) and the first with star billing was From Soup to Nuts (1928). They became a huge hit as a comedy team, and after several years of two-reelers, Roach decided to star them in features, their first of which was Pardon Us (1931). They clicked with audiences in features, too, and starred in such classics as Way Out West (1937), Babes in Toyland (1934) and Block-Heads (1938). They eventually parted ways with Roach and in the mid-1940s signed on with Twentieth Century-Fox. Unfortunately, Fox did not let them have the autonomy they had at Roach, where Laurel basically wrote and directed their films, though others were credited, and their films became more assembly-line and formulaic. Their popularity waned and less popular during the war years, and they made their last film for Fox in 1946. Several years later they made their final appearance as a team in a French film, a troubled and haphazard production eventually, after several name changes, called Utopia (1951), generally regarded to be their worst film. Hardy appeared without Laurel in a few features, such as Zenobia (1939) with Harry Langdon , The Fighting Kentuckian (1949) in a semi-comedic role as a frontiersman alongside John Wayne and Riding High (1950), in a cameo role. He died in 1957. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Ed Stephan <[email protected]> Spouse (3) ( 7 November  1913 - 17 November  1921) (divorced) Trade Mark (10) Usually played a childishly bossy man who barely tolerated his friend, Stan Laurel , but still valued him as someone to whom he could feel superior. With Stan Laurel, they often had a scene in their films where they would get into a fight with another person that consisted solely of destroying property.The duo would destroy something the opponent values while the opponent looks on and does not resist. When they are done, the opponent does the same to the duo, while they refrain from resisting and so on. Black hair always combed forward and a small mustache The "slow burn" - looking into the camera, often with an expression of exasperated suffering over what his on-screen partner had just done. The tie-twiddle, used to convey a sense of coyness or embarrassment Every puddle his character stepped in appeared to be endlessly deep (He would step into a small puddle and would suddenly be over his head in water) Most famous costume was a dark suit, a black necktie, and a dark bowler hat The line, usually directed toward Stan Laurel: "Here's another nice mess you've gotten me into!" On introducing himself: "I'm Mr. Hardy and this is my friend Mr. Laurel." To Stan: "Why don't you do something to *help* me?" His large frame compared to the thin Stan Laurel Trivia (43) Related to Captain Hardy (as in "Kiss me Hardy" - Nelson). Had appeared in over 400 movies. Best known for his work with Stan Laurel . Interred at Pierce Brothers Valhalla Memorial Park, North Hollywood, California, USA. Subject of one of five 29¢ US commemorative postage stamps celebrating famous comedians, issued in booklet form 29 August 1991. He is shown with his partner Stan Laurel . The stamp designs were drawn by caricaturist Al Hirschfeld . The other comedians honored in the set are Edgar Bergen (with alter ego Charlie McCarthy), Jack Benny , Fanny Brice , and Bud Abbott and Lou Costello . His favourite pastime was playing golf, which he learned from comedian Larry Semon . Appears on sleeve of The Beatles ' album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". When Ollie died in 1957, his partner, Stan Laurel , pledged he would never perform again. Despite offers, he never did. Used Babe Hardy for a screen name until convinced by a numerologist that the longer screen name, Oliver Hardy, would bring him success. Billy Wilder planned on doing a film with him and Stan Laurel in the 1950s. The film would have opened with each of them sleeping in one of the letter O's of the Hollywood sign. The plot centered on a woman coming between them. The project was aborted owing to Ollie's failing health. His father, also named Oliver Hardy, was a successful lawyer who died when Norvell, as he was known to his family, was ten months old. At a time when few women had careers, his mother supported the family by running a highly successful hotel. Despite rumors over the years, he did not die from the effects of obesity--quite the contrary. Dieting on doctor's orders, he took off too much weight too fast, going from 300+ pounds to 150 in a matter of a few weeks, weakening his constitution well past the danger point. It was becoming dangerously underweight in this manner that brought about his final illness and death. He was voted, along with comedy partner Stan Laurel , the 45th Greatest Movie Star of all time by Entertainment Weekly. Laurel and Hardy's films had and still have great success in Italy, where they are known as "Stanlio and Ollio". Their voices being dubbed into Italian in a very funny and colorful way accentuates their funny lines. He and partner Stan Laurel have been and continue to be very popular in Germany under the name of "Dick und Doof" (Fatty and Stupid). His voice in the Italian version of his and Stan Laurel 's shorts and features was that of Alberto Sordi . Entered St. Vincent's Hospital to have his tonsils removed the day after filming wrapped on Babes in Toyland (1934). Is portrayed by John Fox in Harlow (1965) He and partner Stan Laurel have been and continue to be very popular in Spain, Mexico and Latin America under the name of "El Gordo y El Flaco" (The Fat One and The Thin One). He and partner Stan Laurel have been and continue to be very popular in Hungary under the name of "Stan és Pan". In 1930, he lived at 621 North Alta Drive in Beverly Hills, California. Suffered a severe stroke on September 12, 1956 that left him paralyzed and unable to speak. He was the only child of Oliver Hardy and his second wife; both of them had two children from an earlier marriage; Oliver had two boys, and his second wife had two girls. Still popular in Brazil where he and partner Stan Laurel are known as "O Gordo e O Magro" (Fat and Skinny). Had a mild heart attack in May 1954. Was a member of the Lakeside Country Club and close friends with John Wayne and Bing Crosby . According to letters written by Stan Laurel , Hardy had advanced cancer at the time of his death from two strokes. A heavy smoker, Hardy had been suffering from heart problems since the filming of Utopia (1951), and his weight had ballooned from 250 to 350 lbs. An avid sportsman, Hardy became interested in hunting. After he shot his first deer, he walked to the animal expecting to field-dress it. However, the deer was still alive, and looked Hardy directly in the eyes. He never picked up a gun again. A man of many interests, Hardy was an excellent cook, card player, golfer, singer and dancer, and unlike "Ollie", was always impeccably tailored. Off camera, he and Laurel both combed their hair straight back, as was the fashion of their time. Lucille Hardy tells the story of Babe, her brother, and several others building elaborate chicken coops for the birds they raised. In true Laurel and Hardy fashion, they were too big to move out the door of the shed where they had been built, and had to be taken apart and reconstructed outside.

i don't know

Who had a 70s No 1 hit with The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia?

Vicki Lawrence The night the lights went out in Georgia 1973 - YouTube Vicki Lawrence The night the lights went out in Georgia 1973 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Dec 24, 2013 Vikki Lawrence The night the lights went down in Georgia Category Standard YouTube License Music

Vicki Lawrence

Which famous actress was born on exactly the same day as gymnast Olga Korbut?

"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" - Dawn featuring Tony Orlando "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" Dawn featuring Tony Orlando Bell 45318 y 1973, Tony Orlando and Dawn had come quite a way since their first hit, "Candida," three years before. They had become the second biggest seller of singles in America, without ever having made a major concert tour or appeared on a television show. England's New Musical Express voted them the Number One Vocal Group in Europe, and they were also named Most Popular Group in England, Italy, France, Germany, Australia, South America and Japan. They had sold nine million records before their first live gig -- at Carnegie Hall -- and since that time had sold six million more. Early in 1973, Tony and Dawn cut the single that was to become their all-time classic and the number one single of that year -- "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree." THE TOP FIVE Week of April 23, 1973 1. Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Old Oak Tree Dawn 2. The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia Vicki Lawrence 5. Ain't No Woman (Like the One I've Got) Four Tops The song was based on an actual incident that occurred aboard a southern bus bound for Miami. One of the passengers explained to the driver that he was just out of prison, having served three years for passing bad checks. In a letter to his wife, he had written that she didn't have to wait for him; but, if she was still interested, she could let him know by tying a yellow ribbon around the only oak tree in the city square. As the bus rolled down U.S. 17, nearing the man's hometown of White Oak, Georgia, the driver was asked to slow down so that all could see whether the ribbon was in place. To the man's tearful relief, it was. The driver pulled over and phoned the story in to the wire services, which spread it all over the country, soon it was very difficult to find people who did not know the story. Songwriters Irwin Levine and L. Russell Brown read it in the newspaper, then put together their million-selling ballad. Search on Alibris "Tie a Yellow Ribbon" was released by Bell in February 1973, and by April it was the number one record in the country. In all, it spent more than five months on the charts and sold more than seven million copies. The song was so popular that over 100 cover versions were cut by other artists, all around the world. Tony Orlando and Dawn had another big hit in 1973: "Say, Has Anybody Seen My Sweet Gypsy Rose." After that, CBS called and offered the trio their own four-week summer show, which aired in July 1974. In the fall, "Steppin' Out" became a Top 10 record for the group and in December, they returned to TV in a comedy-variety series that lasted for two seasons. In 1975, there were three more big singles: "Look in My Eyes Pretty Woman," "He Don't Love You" (another #1), and "Mornin' Beautiful," the latter two songs on the Elektra label. When asked to explain the group's secret of success, Tony said, "In our case, we like each other. That's number one. Number two, we have no intentions of breaking up. A lot of groups with a name like Tony Orlando and Down, Dion and the Belmonts, Diana Ross and the Supremes, it's inevitable to think that someday the leader will go off alone. In this case, I don't ever want to break up this group." "The Tony Orlando and Dawn Rainbow Hour" was canceled on December 28, 1976; the group lasted just seven months more. On July 22, 1977, at the South Shore Music Circus in Cohasset, Massachusetts, Tony shocked the crowd -- and his partners -- by announcing his retirement from show business. He suffered a nervous breakdown on stage and spend the next six months in a New York psychiatric hospital. After his release, Tony began to pick up the pieces of his career -- without Dawn. As for "Tie a Yellow Ribbon," the song made a dramatic comeback of its own, eight years after being recorded. The yellow ribbon as a symbol of loyalty was a natural to express the nation's feelings for the 52 American hostages held in Iran, and when they returned after 444 days of captivity on January 20, 1981, the song was played throughout the land as a joyous homecoming theme.

i don't know

The diet of what mythical monster periodically included seven youths and seven maidens?

Glossary of Asian Art Every culture must find a way to reconcile the polar opposites – male/female, good/bad, sky/earth, birth/death – that are characteristic of the human condition. Additive or non-dualistic cultures (Asian) accept such contradictions as imperfectly perceived parts of a greater unity: both/and, rather than either/or. Dualistic cultures (European) reject contradiction and spend enormous effort to resolve it. Ancient Egypt is uniquely a bit of both, since it accepts contradictions (additive, like the East) but also holds them in tension (dualistic, like the West). Everyone who was anyone, in the ancient world, wanted to have a good afterlife. Elites were buried with their favorite and most precious objects: weapons and pots, ceramics and bronzes, bangles, jewels, figurines, animals, and human sacrifices. This is a cultural universal, that is attested in all times and all places. Tomb walls, for those who could afford it, would be decorated with painted scenes depicting the honors of the deceased in life, and his hoped-for activities in the afterlife. For Chinese grave goods in particular, see: mingqi . Agastya, who is worshiped as an avatar of Shiva , was a legendary guru who spread the worship of Shiva throughout India. His attributes include a pot belly, a beard, and a water bottle. The Vedic god of fire, and directional guardian of the southeast. He holds an offering spoon and rides a ram. Additional attributes may include a beard, a staff, a water jar, and prayer beads. The popular center (Greek agora, Roman forum) of a classical city; its chief market and gathering place. (Also Erawan) The three-headed elephant upon which Indra rides. The third Mughal Emperor , known for his religious tolerance and the cultural brilliance of his reign. An ornament on the ridge of a roof. The Indonesian warrior ideal of imperturbability, that is similar to the Greek sophrosyne . The ribbed disk at the top of a shikhara . "Mother," one of the forms of Devi . A type of early Christian pulpit, that was accessed by a triangular flight of stairs, the prototype of the Islamic minbar . Amitabha, or Amida in Japan, is the Buddha of the Western Pure Land. He is associated with Avalokiteshvara and is easy to worship: just call on his name, and you will be reborn on top of a lotus in the Western Paradise. The cult of Amida supplied a practicable route to salvation for all, becoming especially popular in Japan from the 11th century onwards. A group of five Buddhist deities with Amida at the center. From left to right, the figures are: Guanyin , a disciple, Amida , another disciple, and Mahasthamaprapta . See also: Table Of Buddhist Deities . The Buddha of Longevity, a form of Amitabha . (Indonesia) A culturally-defined state of murderous rage. (Egypt) Originally a local god of Thebes, Amun became the chief god of Egypt during the New Kingdom, when his priesthood achieved a great measure of political power and religious control vis-a-vis the temples of Egypt's many other gods. His name means "Hidden," referring to the wind or air. Ananta, also known as Shesha, is the cosmic serpent on which Vishnu sleeps, sits, or reclines (Anantashayana/Anantasayin), as he dreams the universe into existence. Shesha, "The One Who Remains," personifies the primordial substance out of which the universe is formed, that continues to exist when the universe ends, and that fuels the start of the next cosmic cycle. He is called Ananta, or "Endless," because the primordium is eternal and the cycle of cosmic birth and death repeats forever. A disciplined process, pioneered by Dutch archaeologists in the early 20th century, of rebuilding the ruined stone and brick temples of India and Southeast Asia. It consists of the following steps: (1) The location of every existing block is carefully recorded. (2) The remains of the temple are disassembled, block by block. (3) The temple is then rebuilt, using knowledge preserved by the previous steps. (4) During reconstruction, any missing pieces are substituted by blank stones, and the entire structure is made architecturally sound and stable. A classical bracket that is shaped like a scroll. The bell-shaped or dome-shaped body of a stupa . A demon slain by Shiva . Born from a drop of Shiva's sweat, Andhaka conceived an unnatural lust for his mother Parvati , which accounts for Shiva's ferocious antagonism. Andhaka is usually shown, either impaled on Shiva's trident, or in skeletal form as Bhringi after submitting to Shiva, who had drained his blood during the conflict. Another demon, named Nila , was a friend of Andhaka. Nila took the form of an elephant and attacked Shiva during the fight, but was killed by one of Shiva's attendants. Two representations of Shiva from this battle, often combined, are Shiva Andhakasuravadha (impaling Andhaka) and Shiva Gajasamharara (dancing on Nila's decapitated head, or underneath his butchered skin). Shiva fought a different battle with another of Parvati's sons, Ganesha , who had blocked Shiva's access to Parvati's bedchamber. Shiva beheaded Ganesha, and subsequently replaced his head with that of an elephant. Both stories seem to reflect a primal tradition where Shiva competes with a son or stepson for Parvati's favor. The elephant in these stories may symbolize the force of unrestrained passion. (aniconic, adjective) The representation of divine beings in non-figural form, such as Shiva's linga , Vishnu's saligrama , or Buddha's footprint . Asian and European religious art overwhelmingly prefers the iconic image, while aniconism is dominant in the Middle Eastern art of the Nabataeans, Jews, and Muslims. Nature-worship, the earliest expression of human spirituality, that also includes ancestor cult, shamanism, trance, spirit worship, totemism, and the genius loci . The first human beings lived in awe of nature - the earth and the sky, the mountains and stones, the woodlands and rivers, the storms, rain, and floods, the waterfalls and glens and meadows, and the plants and animals on which their lives depended. Animists consider the natural world to be populated by spirits who are alive and who can be encountered by shamans for the benefit of the community. (Egypt) A ubiquitous hieroglyph meaning "Life." See Wikipedia for more information. A small vertical member that is placed upon the corners of a roof in order to complete its profile. Turning away evil, as Bes , the Kala , the Chinthe , the Dvarapala , and similar guardian figures. Celestial dancers, the wives of the gandharvas (celestial musicians.) Apsarasas are the beautiful maidens who delight the inhabitants of paradise. In Asia, the celestial realms were conceived of as analogous to earthly courts with palaces, gardens, kings and nobles, dancers, and musicians. In southeast Asia, from around the time of Angkor Wat, relief carvings of apsarasas took on special importance in temple decoration. A "U" shaped chamber. In India this shape is called gajaprstika , which literally means an elephant's backside. In Roman architecture, it is a semi-circular domed recess that contained sculptures, fountains, or just space for conversations. In church architecture, an apse originally held the bishop's seat at the head of the nave, then later the altar. Side-chapels off the nave, when present, are often apsidal in shape. See also: basilica . The curved upper part of an opening, such as a window or door. It has the shape of a rainbow, with its feet in the earth and its head in the sky: Gateway Arch (St. Louis) , Roman Arch , Gothic Arch , Venetian Arch (San Marco) . Structural arches physically support the weight above their opening. When a structural arch is extended in depth, it becomes a vault (ceiling). The lintel is not technically considered to be an arch, because it is straight rather than curved. Often a non-structural arch is applied as decoration above a lintel. Relieving arches are structural arches, without an opening beneath, that are deployed to deflect weight from the upper courses of the building. See also: corbeled arch . The true (curved) arch developed along a wide gradient from Roman Europe through Iran, India, and SE Asia; the lintel, a much earlier form, is found exclusively in Neolithic Europe, the Americas, and East Asia (China-Korea-Japan); it coexists along with the true arch in transitional areas such as India and SE Asia. A named early period of art history, or an object or characteristic from such a period (e.g., Archaic smile ). An object whose form or decoration imitates the style of a much earlier artifact. A contemporaneous image in relief of an architectural building. These images are especially valuable since they record, with allowances for artistic license and fantasy, how the buildings may have actually looked in ancient times. In Indian architecture, the crossbeam of a torana . In Classical architecture, the lowest course of an entablature . See also: beam and lintel . Architraves, beams, and lintels are spanning elements that are carried directly on columns. Architraves are visual parts of the building's facade. Beams are structural parts of the building itself. Lintels span the top of a deliberate opening, such as a window or door, in the building's fabric. A form of Shiva that is half male, half female. See: Shiva Ardhanarishvara . A warlike, nomadic people from the steppes of the Caucasus who are variously said to have influenced, migrated into, invaded, or even colonized northern India, Europe, and the Middle East in the 2d millennium BC. This topic is very controversial. An Aryan cultural contribution to India is confirmed by linguistic (pater=pitar) as well as theological (Zeus=Indra) evidence, and of course Sanskrit is an Indo-European language. However an Aryan physical presence in India, although inferrable from the Vedas with their numerous accounts of warlike invaders, has not been confirmed by archaeological studies. See: Doniger , Chapter 4, pp. 85-102, and the Table of Eurasian Deities on this website. Buddhist emperor of India (273-232 BC) and patron of Sanchi . Ashoka is the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya . The sprinkling of holy water in church ritual. A depiction of the night-time sky, with stars and constellations, on the domed ceilings of certain tombs in Egypt and Asia. About 25 astronomical ceilings, all from the Three Kingdoms period (ca. 400 AD), are known in Korea. Their decoration includes symbolic and mythological figures from Korean and Chinese lore. The Hindu gods who wound up on the losing side of the Churning of the Sea of Milk. Asuras fought against the Devas and lost, very much like the Giants who fought and lost against the Greek gods. That is not surprising, because India and Greece were culturally connected on the opposite sides of the Indo-European diaspora. (Egypt) The feathered crown of Osiris. (Egypt) The sun disk and sole god of Egypt under Akhenaten . Religiously speaking, it may be better to consider the Aten as "the light of the sun," rather than the physical disk. A figure that offers protection, like Bes of the ancient Egyptians or the Kala of India. An item that is associated with a deity, carried or worn on its person, and serves to identify it and to symbolize some aspect of its power. For example, Shiva's trident , or Vishnu's discus . (Guanyin in China, Kannon in Japan) The Bodhisattva of Compassion. Avalokiteshvara is a Mahayana Buddhist savior associated with Amitahba , the Buddha of the West, with whom he often appears in triad alongside Mahasthamaprapta . Images of Avalokiteshvara can usually be identified by a small figure of seated Amitabha in the Bodhisattva's crown. His other attributes include a vase and a lotus. Avalokiteshvara was originally male in India, but became female (Guanyin in China, Kannon in Japan) during the Tang dynasty and later. Some of Guanyin/Avalokiteshvara's forms include: An incarnation of Vishnu , in the form of a savior of mankind. There are ten major and countless minor avatars. Their names can vary somewhat, but one standard list includes, in chronological order: A fish who pulled the ark of Manu during the Great Flood. A tortoise who supported the mountain used to churn the Ocean of Milk. A boar who saved the Earth from the Great Flood. A man-lion who defeated a demon named Hiranyakasipu. A dwarf who won back the universe from King Bali by transforming into Trivikrama and then crossing the universe in three giant steps. "Rama with an axe," a brahmin (priest) who fought and defeated a hostile clan of kshatryas (warriors). The hero of the Ramayana A god-man who is fervently worshiped. Growing up as a mischievous boy among the gopis (milkmaids), he defeated numerous enemies, became Arjuna's charioteer in the Bhagavad-Gita, and was eventually killed by a hunter who mistook him for a deer. A "false incarnation" who led the Hindu faithful astray. A final incarnation who will appear at the end of the present epoch to lead mankind into a new Golden Age. (1) Axial Age: the first millennium BC . (2) Any temple complex whose approach is laid out upon a directional axis. The ancient Egyptians, like the Chinese , believed in more than one kind of soul. To the Egyptians , these souls were fragments of the personality that were integrated in life, separated in death, and reintegrated after death to form a "blessed akh" or resurrected person in the afterworld. The Egyptian ka, or physical soul, was represented as a "ka statue" within the tomb; it sustained the afterlife of the deceased by receiving food-offerings. The spiritual soul, or ba, was represented as a bird in Egyptian art. It was able to move freely in the physical world outside the tomb, like the small birds that can be seen flitting about the necropolis. When reunited after death, the ba and ka resurrected as an akh to enjoy their afterlife in the fields of the blessed dead. (Arabic: also betyl, pronounced "beetle":) A sacred standing stone ("god block") that represents a divinity. Schematic indications of eyes, nose, and sometimes mouth may be carved on the face of the block. A roof that is curved to resemble a hut. (Khmer; pronounced "bar-EYE") A very large, rectangular, shallow excavated reservoir for holding and releasing water. A baray such as the middle baray at Wat Phu might be 200m x 600m (600' x 1800') in length and width, but only about 5m (15') deep. Khmer Barays had multiple functions - religious, as symbolic of the oceans surrounding Mt. Meru; economic, as the source of irrigation water during the dry season; and political, as monumental demonstrations of the power of the Khmer kings. See also: tank . The lion-like creature of good who dances against the evil witch Rangda in an Indonesian performance. A roof or ceiling that looks like a semi-circular arch in cross section. The Sanskrit term is shala . Originally a law court in the later Roman Empire, the basilica was adopted as the architectural form of early Christian churches. It consists of a long nave with columned aisles on either side, preceded by a narthex and terminated by a semicircular apse ( plan ). The altar is placed in the apse, which usually faces east. A wax-resist cloth that is woven in Indonesia. See, for example: Batik, the Traditional Fabric of Indonesia . The basic rectangular unit of a Chinese floor plan, as defined by the columns supporting the roof. Individual buildings like houses, temples, and palaces consisted of an odd number of bays (three, five, seven, etc.); the more bays, the more important the building. A cross-member that supports the roof of a building. (1) Traditional Asian bells are clapperless. They are made out of bronze, and produce their tone(s) by being struck on the side with a mallet or pole. Sets of suspended bells, called bianzhong , were paired with sets of suspended stone chimes and used in ritual and court music in ancient times. (2) Any bell-shaped part of a stupa or other building. A kind of "jingle bell" rattle that was used as part of a shaman's kit. The bell and drum towers (separate buildings) were prominent features of any sizeable Chinese city. The bell sounded every morning to announce the beginning of the official day. When evening fell, the booming drum announced the curfew. A popular god of protection in ancient Egypt, with the head of a lion and the body of a dwarf. The "Song of God," a devotional hymn to Krishna in the Mahabharata . Shiva in the form of "The Enchanting Mendicant," a wandering ascetic. Encountering a group of forest-dwelling Brahmins, he made love to their wives, and quarreled fiercely with the husbands. The quarrel was settled when he threw down his lingam onto the ground and made them worship it. In this form Shiva is naked, with a snake around his hips and sandals on his feet (the only representation in Hindu art of a god wearing sandals). The form is often amalgamated to Bhairava , in which case he is given Bhairava's attributes in addition to his own. A hero of the Mahabharata . Bhima was the second of the five Pandava brothers, the largest and strongest. His stories are especially popular in Indonesia. The gesture of Buddha's "calling the Earth to witness," pointing or touching the ground to prove his right to Buddhahood. In response, Bu Devi (the Earth goddess) confirms Buddha's past meritorious lives, by wringing out her hair at the Buddha's feet. From her hair pours a flood of sacred waters, every drop symbolizing a deed of merit performed in his previous incarnations. (China; pronounced "bee") A flattened disk made of jade or stone with a circular hole in the middle. Bi are found in great quantities in elite burials from the Neolithic period onwards. They were used as personal ornaments in life, and, presumably, as offerings to Heaven in death (according to the "heaven is round" principle). A Roman dining room with two benches. See tianlu The species of tree (ficus religiosa) that sheltered the Buddha while he was meditating. Cuttings of the original tree were, it is said, propagated to Sri Lanka in early times, and later re-propagated back to India. Monasteries in Lanka plant a bo tree in their main courtyard, where it symbolizes the Buddha's enlightenment. In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones entry into Nirvana in order to help others achieve salvation. The Bodhisattva ideal eventually developed into a profusion of supernatural intermediaries between the Buddhas and ordinary people, very much like the Christian saints. Theologically these spiritual beings represented individual characteristics of the Buddhas like wisdom, compassion, power, and so on. In terms of practical worship they represented saviors that were more approachable to ordinary laymen than the remote and perfected Buddhas. Because Bodhisattvas are still in the world, they are often portrayed with princely garments, jewelry, and elaborate coiffure. Different Bodhisattvas are emphasized in different traditions. They are generally divided into Bodhisattvas of Wisdom and Bodhisattvas of Compassion, since the two together make up the essence of a Buddha. Various traditions say different things about the same Bodhisattva, and the same thing about different Bodhisattvas. Bodhisattvas mentioned in the text include: Avalokiteshvara , the Bodhisattva of Compassion. Ksitigarbha , the Bodhisattva of Deliverance. Mahasthamaprapta , the Bodhisattva of Power. Maitreya , the Buddha of the Future. Manjusri , the Bodhisattva of Wisdom. Padmapani , "Lotus Bearer" - a form of Avalokiteshvara. Samantabhadra , the Bodhisattva of Meditation. Vajrapani , "Vajra Bearer" - a form of Mahasthamaprapta. The native Tibetan animist and shaman religion, which influenced Tibetan Buddhist forms of worship and iconography. (Korea) A classification of Silla aristocracy into five hereditary ranks, according to their degree of royal descent. Sacred bone (seonggol) was the highest rank. The Silla rulers originally came from this rank, but it died out after 654 due to a lack of heirs. Thereafter the rulers came from true bone (jingol), the second highest rank. (Thailand) A temple building that is used for sermons, ordinations, and other monastic services, and may also house a Buddha image. (Roman world) The meeting-place of a city council. (2) An early Buddhist rock-cut worship chapel. In Buddhism, guardian divinities protect the triratna (Buddha-Dharma-Sangha) as well as physical places like temples, special locations, etc. These deities are naturally usurped from the Hindu pantheon, since early Buddhism did not have gods of its own. Important Buddhist guardians include two Guardians of the Door ( Dvarapala ), eight Guardians of the Law ( Dharmapala ), and four Directional Guardians ( Lokapala ). (Korea) A stone reliquary, in the shape of a small stupa, that holds the sarira of a monk. (Japan) A masked court dance with orchestra, performed from the early Heian through the Muromachi periods. The orchestra is loud and includes drums, reeds, and strings. (Japan) "Master Sculptor," a title. (Pronounced chahn'-dee) A Hindu or Buddhist stone monument (temple, shrine, or stupa) in Java. In Egyptian funerary practice, four organs were removed from the body, mummified, and stored in individual canopic jars. Each organ was protected for eternity by its own particular god (son of Horus) and goddess (Isis and her sisters). Organ Selket scorpion The brain was discarded as being of no value. The heart was considered to be the organ of thought in ancient Egypt and other cultures. It was preserved within the mummified body, where it was protected by a special amulet called the "heart scarab." An inflexible organization of Indian society by hereditary occupation. Introduced in the second millenium BC (by the Aryans , some say) this stratification persists down to the present day, in spite of legal prohibitions and the best efforts of modern India to eradicate it. There are four castes, in descending order: brahmins (priests), kshatriyas (warriors), vaishyas (farm owners, merchants, artisans), and shudras (menials, laborers, serfs). Below even the shudras are the untouchables, a group so low that they are completely outside the caste system: they include aboriginies, Western tourists, and ritually polluted workers such as street-sweepers, tanners, and corpse-handlers. Medieval castles were created for defense, but their interior spaces had also to be liveable and provide for the circulation of light, water, and air. It is a fascinating tradeoff, that replays close study even today. Armored horsemen, for example, in the Byzantine cavalry or the Three Kingdoms era in Korea. A type of Chinese or Korean porcelain that is coated with a distinctive grey-green, high-fired, earthenware glaze. It is chiefly associated with the Song dynasty in China, and the Koryo dynasty in Korea. The inner chamber, or "holy of holies," of a temple, that contains the cult image of its god. (1) A mausoleum without a burial (literally, an "empty tomb.") (2) In Mughal burials, a surrogate tomb that is located above the real tomb in order to receive public visits. The ubiquitous ogee, circular/moon-shaped, or horseshoe-shaped arch,that decorates Indian temples and shrines. It is also called a gavaksha (or kudu, in Tamil) or a chandrashala. A chaitya is any sacred place - a tree, spring, etc. In Buddhism, stupas are chaityas, and a building containing a stupa (functioning as a shrine) is called a "chaitya hall." (1) "wheel," a solar symbol. (2) Vishnu's discus , a weapon. (3) A supposed center of psychic energy in the human body. An emanation of Durga . Chamunda, the most terrifying of the Seven Mothers , represents old age and death. The founder of the Mauryan Empire, who defeated the invasion of Alexander the Great and consolidated much of present-day India under his rule (322-293 BC). Espousing the Jain religion after a lifetime of warfare, Chandragupta starved himself to death in 293 BC. His career is paralleled by that of his Buddhist grandson Ashoka , who also repented (late in life) of his former warlike acts. A moon-shaped (chandra) chaitya arch . An honorific umbrella that is:     (1) held above the heads of kings and gods ( Return To Kapilavastu ), or     (3) mounted on the spire of a Buddhist stupa ( Plan And Elevation Of A Stupa ). The spire of a stupa. Originally it represented a tower of honorific umbrellas that sheltered the sacred enclosure ( harmika ). A fly-whisk held by attendants of a god or royal person. A stupa (Buddhist reliquary) in Southeast Asia. Chedi is the Thai word; zedi is Burmese. A Mughal angled roof eave. (1) A Mughal domed rooftop pavilion. (2) A memorial pavilion in chhatri style. (Japan) An alcove in a shoin interior, containing staggered shelves, where precious objects could be displayed. The general term for any fictional animal whose body is a composite of various parts of real animals. A lion-like creature that guards the entranceways to temples in SE Asia. In later Burma, the chinthe is often crowned and human-headed. An akroterion in the form of a dragon-like makara that bites the end of Chinese ridgepoles. Decorated doors in a shoin interior, originally leading to a bedchamber but no longer functional in the mature Shoin style. Portable bronze statues of the Hindu gods, made for temple worship during the Chola period (9th-13th centuries AD) in South India. Chola bronze-work is one of the great artistic traditions in India, and includes sculptures of Shiva Nataraja and many other divinities. A Tibetan stupa , characterized by a bud-shaped body that is supported by a rectangular base. A sculpted date, in which the digits have been replaced by symbols. A Hindu myth in which gods and demons cooperate to churn the primordial ocean, in order to produce amrita, the elixir of immortality. (Hindu or Buddhist) A wish-fulfilling jewel. A prehistoric burial within a lidded rectangular chamber made of stone slabs. This kind of burial is known across the Eurasian continent, from Europe to the Far East. A large bronze vessel, or a swimming-pool sized brick or stone reservoir, for collecting and storing water. A water-clock, that tells time by the steady dripping of water from a reservoir. It was invented by at least the 2d millennium BC in Egypt, the ancient Middle East, and Asia, and continuously developed until the beginning of the modern era in Europe. An upper-story window whose purpose is to let light and air into the building. A small column that is attached to a larger column or pillar. Ancient statues and monuments, in wood and marble, were brilliantly colored, in startling contrast to their washed-out appearance today. Modern techniques of pigment analysis and digital color restoration are beginning to virtually restore these ancient works to their original colorfulness. The results can seem unbelievably garish to modern viewers, but the ancient world, like our own, was a very colorful place. Examples range all the way from Greek marbles and Japanese statues , to Easter Island and even Van Gogh's paintings . An architectural supporting element that stands upright and is relatively slender in proportion to its length. Classical Greek columns are formally classified into Doric , Ionian, Corinthian, and composite orders. Egyptian columns are divided broadly into papyriform and lotiform types, with many subtypes and outliers. Papyrus is the canonical plant of Lower Egypt (the Nile Delta), as lotus is the canonical plant of Upper Egypt; this symbolism tends to be reflected in the column plan of Egyptian temples. In India, columns of the Deccan in the first millennium display an interesting "lock-and-nut" construction. Columns in east Asia, though (China, Korea, and Japan) are usually just slender cylinders. A Chinese philosopher who lived 551-479 BC, during the Spring And Autumn Period. His family name was Kong Qiu, and his honorific name was Kong Fuzi. His ideas were not accepted during his lifetime, but eventually came to form the basis of government and society in Asia. Confucius taught a pervasive hierarchy of superior and inferior that governed all social relationships, with reciprocal obligations and duties: ruler-subject, father-child, husband-wife, older brother-younger brother, etc. (China; pronounced "ts/u/ng," where /u/ sounds like the oo in "took.") A Neolithic jade cylinder with squared-off corners, usually buried with the dead. Its exact meaning is not known today, but is usually explained in terms of heaven (the round hole of the cong) and earth (the square framework of the cong). More speculatively, the cong seems to resemble a human backbone (compare: the djed-pillar of ancient Egypt). A pattern of stars, like the Big Dipper or Orion, that is interpreted according to myth and legend. A pictorial composition that shows earlier and later parts of a story together in the same scene. The native Christian church in Egypt. A triangular arch that is formed by horizontal courses of brick that are built up and in from each side until they meet at the top. Similarly corbeled vault, corbeled roof, corbeled dome. While a true (semicircular) arch can stand on its own, corbeling requires additional surround for stability; for example, corbeled tombs in Mycenae were buried under the ground, whose considerable weight then stabilized the entire structure. An order of Classical architecture that is characterized by slender columns with acanthus-leaf capitals . Examples of traditional Asian costume can be found on paintings, sculptures, mannequins, and vessels in museums; on the walls of tombs and temples; and in live and recorded music, dance, and theatre. While many pages on this website contain images of people or gods and what they are wearing, only the pages with substantial focus on costume or mannequins are indexed here. The shell of the Money Cowrie, Cypraea moneta, is sourced from the Maldive Islands in the Indian Ocean; it was used as trading currency in Asia (and, along with other Cowrie species, in Africa) from early times. The cowrie's small size, light weight, durability, and sufficient (but not excessive) abundance made it ideal for this purpose, not unlike the manufactured coins that gradually replaced them. During the Bronze Age in China, cowrie shells had to pass through a long trade network in order to reach inland Southeast Asia and China; as markers of wealth, they are often found buried in significant numbers (hundreds at a time) in specially made or reused bronze containers. In Asian art, cranes are symbols of longevity (they live about 30 years in the wild, double that in captivity). It seems odd that they are not more often employed as symbols of fidelity, given their spectacular mating dance . A tooth-shaped series of projections on top of a castle or fort. Technically, the "teeth" are called merlons, and the crenellations are the spaces in between. (1) The Roman Cross is the primal symbol of the Christian religion; it represents the instrument of torture upon which Jesus was crucified. (2) The Greek Cross is an equal-armed cross, derived from the Greek chi-rho. (3) The Egyptian Cross (Crux Ansata, or Coptic cross) is derived from the shape of an ankh . The horizontal members of a torana. An Assyrian architectural design, adopted by the Nabataeans for the crowns of their tomb facades, that consists of triangular stairsteps, outlined in profile. The ancient cultural and political heartland of Sri Lanka, located in the northern plains and roughly bounded by the island's three pre-modern capitals: Anuradhapura in the northwest, Polonnaruwa in the east, and Kandy in the south. See: Map of Sri Lanka . Another name for a stupa . The form of Shiva as supreme teacher of Yoga. (China.) The Dark Warrior (Xuanwu) is the Chinese directional symbol of the North. Originally a constellation, visualized as a paired turtle and snake, the symbol changed over time into an anthropomorphic warrior. (China.) The spiritual tradition of Laozi. Dao means way, path, or road. Daoism seeks to cultivate a mystical unity between man and nature, in the context of yin/yang polarity and a variety of philosophical, religious, spiritual, and magical practices. Laozi , Buddha , and Confucius are the three great progenitors of the East Asian spiritual and philosophical tradition. (India.) "Seeing," the devotional viewing of an image during worship, or the ceremonial viewing of a ruler during public audience. A Hindu shrine that is associated with a Buddhist temple conplex. "God-King," the self-asserted divine title of the kings of Angkor; for example Indravarman, "protected by Indra." Indra is the god's name, and Varman means "shield." All the Khmer kings' names follow this same pattern. The overall idea originates from India, but is not unique to that part of the world; there are reliefs in Egypt that depict Pharaoh sacrificing to himself, and the ancient Romans also sacrificed to the divine spirit (genius, in Latin) of their Emperor. In Cambodia, the king built temples to his tutelary divinity, and created statues that portrayed himself and his royal family like the gods and goddesses to which they were associated -- usually a form of Shiva , although Suryavarman II dedicated Angkor Wat to himself as an avatar of Vishnu. The early Hindu (Vedic) gods, like Indra and Agni. Minor female divinities that are carved on the walls and beside the doors of southeast asian temples. Technically these goddesses are higher-ranked than the apsarasas , but in practice the distinction between the two is often blurred. The Great Goddess, who is worshiped in India under a multitude of distinct forms. Any female deity in India can be considered as an aspect of Devi, even when consorting with a husband (Parvati), but especially when acting independently (Durga, Kali, etc.) (1) (Lower case.) Right behavior, that which a person ought to do (compare ma'at , in ancient Egypt). In Hinduism, this usually amounts to traditional behavior consistent with one's status in life. The dharma of a warrior is to fight, the dharma of a student is to study, etc. (2) (Upper case.) "Law," the Buddhist teachings. The metaphorical Wheel (chakra) of the Law (Dharma), that Buddha set in motion with his First Sermon. The hand position, in images of the Buddha, that signifies his First Sermon. "Protectors of the Law," nominally eight Wrathful Deities of Tibetan Buddhism (but not all wrathful deities are Dharmapalas). It is a flexible category, that usually includes: (1) In Buddhism, the Directional Guardian of the East . (2) In the Mahabharata, the Blind King of Hastinapur. The Victory Banner of Tibetan Buddhism, that symbolizes the military, political, and religious triumph of Buddhism in that region. It is similar in concept to the Cross of Constantine in the Later Roman Empire, and to the Sword and Crescent of Islam. The Heavenly Guardians of the eight directions. Four of these, called Lokapalas , guard the four cardinal directions. The Dikpalas were originally Vedic gods, who became transformed into directional guardians in Hinduism and Buddhism. Text references include Parshvanatha Temple in Khajuraho (Hindu, Dikpalas) and Todai-ji Temple in Japan (Buddhist, Lokapalas). The Hindu Dikpalas are: Kubera - north, a Lokapala Vayu - northwest Symbolic animals that guarded the four cardinal directions in a tomb; the imagery comes from China. The figures are Blue Dragon (E), Red Bird (S), White Tiger (W), and Dark Warrior (N). (1) In India the discus ( chakra ) is a solar attribute of Vishnu, a hand-thrown weapon that is shaped like the disk of the sun. (2) In the Olympic Games of ancient Greece, and subsequently in Europe, the discus throw is a sporting event. The "division of relics" properly refers to emperor Ashoka Maurya's redistribution of Buddha's cremated remains throughout his kingdom in the 3d century BC. Ashoka divided up the Buddha's original bone and ash remains (originally buried near Lumbini), sealed them in inscribed jars, and sent them off to the four corners of his kingdom, to be reburied with sarira underneath newly purpose-built stupas. This act of piety created Ashoka's ideal Buddhist kingdom, and cemented Ashoka's political and cultural authority over the lands that he governed. Confusingly, the Mahaparinirvana Sutra backdates the Division to immediately after Buddha's death in the 5th century BC. But the sutra was composed in the 2d century AD, 400 years after Ashoka's Division of the Relics and 600 years after the death of the Buddha. Contemporary remainders of the division include a Ghandharan relief panel (roughly contemporary with the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) in the British Museum, and - amazingly - an Ashokan stupa at Piprahwa . When excavated, the Piprahwa stupa was found to contain Ashokan sarira, an Ashokan vessel inscribed for Buddha's remains, and - within the vessel - some actual bone and ash that may upon this evidence be true relics of the Buddha himself. A hieroglyphic sign in ancient Egypt that means "stability." The djed-pillar is often fashioned into amulets and other designs, and probably symbolizes the backbone of Osiris. (Japan) Small clay anthropomorphic figurines that were made by the Jomon people of Japan. These enigmatic figures have inspired different interpretations that may indicate ritual healing, a neolithic goddess cult, votive rites, or even toys. A type of megalithic grave construction that began in the 7th millennium BC in Europe, and ended in the first millennium BC in parts of Asia. Dolmen chambers typically consist of a few large support stones, that are capped by a large flat top stone. Some dolmen were dug into the earth, while others were built above above ground and then covered with an earthen mound. When the covering earth erodes or is cleared away by archaeologists, the stone chamber is exposed to view and that is what is seen today. An inverted hemispherical roof that covers many ancient and modern buildings and symbolically represents the vault of the heavens. Celebrated domes include the Pantheon and St. Peter's in Rome, the U.S. Capitol, Aya Sophia in Constantinople, the Duomo of Florence, and many others. Structurally, they are classified either as "corbelled" (early Egypt, Greece, Korea) or as "true" (Rome and later), depending on whether they are technically rotations of the corbelled arch or of the true arch . An order of Classical architecture that is characterized by "pincushion" capitals, alternating triblyphs and metopes, and unbased columns. See: Wikipedia article ; Doric Order of Classical Architecture ; and Doric Greek Temples in Sicily . The double crown of Egypt combines the Red Crown of Lower Egypt with the White Crown of Upper Egypt , and symbolizes their unification under Narmer (the traditional ascription) sometime between 3100-3000 BC. During periods of disunity the two halves of the country sometimes broke apart only to recombine later. The supporting or ornamental brackets that are used in the construction of Chinese wooden buildings. Dou are the square supporting blocks, and gong are the u-shaped bracket arms. A water snake ( naga ), originally the god of its local pond, river, or lake, who grew wings and flew away to become a rider on the storm. Its manifestations include the Chinese emperor (a five-fingered dragon) and the serpent rainbow of Asian and Mesoamerican lore. An Asian pottery kiln that climbs uphill; the furnace is at the bottom. The purpose of this design is to provide a temperature gradient within the kiln, so that pots with particular firing needs (due to composition, glaze, etc.) can be fired at the appropriate temperature. (China) An auspicious chimera that combines the body of a turtle with the head and tail of a dragon. The overhanging upper edge of monastic cave-dwellings in ancient times. It was cleverly worked in such a way that rainwater would drip down vertically from it, rather than flowing back into the interior of the chamber. The familiar drums made out of wood and hide are found everywhere in Asia; there are also early drums in southeast asia that are made out of bronze, and even earlier prehistoric drums in China that are made out of pottery and hide. The bell and drum towers (separate buildings) were prominent features of any sizeable Chinese city. The bell sounded every morning to announce the beginning of the official day. When evening fell, the drum announced the curfew. In the architecture of the Mughal Empire , "durbar" means an audience room where the ruler would hear petitions from his subjects or receive foreign ambassadors, etc. A fierce form of Devi who was created by all the other gods and given their combined powers; usually posed as "Mahishasuramardini," slayer of the buffalo demon Mahisha. Her vahana is the lion. (Kong&#333rikishi or Niō in Japanese.) A guardian figure placed on either side of a shrine or temple doorway. Little People were thought to bring good luck, and often employed as entertainers, in the ancient world. Their appearance as "dancing dwarves" in Asia embodies that role, where they are also identified as ganas or nature-spirits. In Egypt, Bes was a popular deity and Seneb was a high official. In a famous letter from the 6th Dynasty, the boy pharaoh Pepi II urges Harkhuf , who was on his way back from an expedition to the south of the Sudan, to take great care of the dancing pygmy he had acquired: "My majesty desires to see this pygmy more than the gifts of the mineland (Sinai) and of Punt". The geographical region that encompasses the countries of China, Korea, and Japan. A beast of burden ("working elephant") across Eurasia and North Africa, the elephant also figures importantly in Asian myth, legend, and art as a son of Shiva and symbol of the monsoon, royalty, and the Buddha. Different architectural ways of visualizing a three-dimensional building or site in two dimensions. The elevation (outline, skyline) is a vertical projection as seen from the side, and the plan (floor plan, site plan) is a horizontal projection as seen from above. Axonometric projections are also used in architecture; although they may seem more complicated at first, they are really just projections from different angles than the horizontal or vertical. An attached column that is partly set into the wall behind it. In Western classical architecture, a lintel that is horizontally divided into an architrave, frieze, and cornice. A slight swelling (convexity) that is built into ancient Greek temple columns, bases, and rooflines, to make them seem straighter. In southeast Asia during the 19th century, at least a few temple guardian sculptures were created with European features. Their "protective" qualities seem, at least from a modern perspective, both hopeful and ironic, but most of all humorous. Respectfully making fun, they acknowledge European power while caricaturing European physiognomy and manners, in knowing reference to the great Asian tradition in which the Other (demons, asuras) is tamed and coopted into service. 1. In Roman civil architecture, a decorated semicircular recess that serves as a "conversation nook." 2. In Church architecture, a semicircular recess or apse. The decorated front of a building. (Cambodia) A Jayavarman VII-style tower that presents four carved faces overlooking the cardinal directions. The faces probably represent Jayavarman VII as Avalokiteshvara , the Bodhisattva of Compassion. A type of Qing-dynasty polychrome porcelain that is decorated in a palette of green with other colors. Similarly famille rose (pink), jaune (yellow background), and noir (black background). (Thailand) A foreigner; the word is derived from the Thai pronunciation of "French." (ho-o in Japan) An auspicious bird that ruled over all others and, as the Red Bird, was a directional symbol of the south. In Ming times, it was also the symbol of the empress; when paired with the dragon, symbol of the emperor, it suggested marital harmony. The fenghuang is a mythical bird; it is mistranslated as "phoenix" into English, but it is not related at all to the Western phoenix. Geomancy, the art of situating buildings and cities in a favorable context of surrounding landscape. Ideally, the site will face south, where the sun shines, and will be protected by a mountain range from the cold north winds; water will flow without impediment from west to east through the precincts, and refreshing greenery will be distributed throughout. A Buddhist pentad with Shakyamuni in the middle, flanked on Shaka's left by Ratnasambhava (South) and Akshobhya (East), and on Shaka's right by Amitabha (West), and Amoghasiddhi (North). A Han Dynasty system of thought that associated terrestial elements (seasons, the cardinal directions) to celestial phaenomena (constellations, planets) and metaphysical concepts (the Five Elements, the rise and fall of yin and yang ). Twin stone pillars that support the wooden flagpoles of a traditional Buddhist temple. Members of the heavenly court who are shown in flying posture, with the front leg tucked and the rear leg extended (and, oddly enough, often looking backward). This poslture is frequently seen in South Asia, less often across Urasia from China to Greece. Ubiquitous statues of guardian dogs or lions in Asia, often with armored legs and feet. An aniconic representation of a deity by means of an image of the sole of his foot. The native tutelary gods of Sri Lanka: Saman on Adam's Peak, Kataragama (Skanda), Upulvan (Vishnu), and Vibhishana . A geometric form, such as a snowflake, that repeats itself at different levels of size. Fractals were first defined by Benoit Mandelbrot in 1975, although some of their forms and properties had been intuited much earlier by ancient Greek, Islamic, and Indian geometers and artists. (Japan) Fujin is the Japanese god of wind, like the Greco-Roman Aeolus. He carries a billowing sack, in which the winds are contained, and is typically paired with Raijin, the god of thunder, who beats his sticks upon a circle of drums in the sky. The parallel between Fujin and Aeolus, two identical gods at the extreme ends of Eurasia, is extraordinary. (Japan) A sliding screen made of paper over a wood frame, often decorated with painting, and used as a room divider or sliding door. The difference between fusuma and shoji is that fusuma are opaque, while shoji are translucent. (China) Brother and sister culture heroes, who gave to mankind the arts of writing and fishing. A peaked vertical roof-end, a form that is found world-wide. (Japan) The ancient music of the Japanese imperial court. Example: Kitanodai Gagaku Ensemble . The goddess Lakshmi , usually seated, being lustrated (anointed with water) by two elephants (gaja) as a symbol of prosperity. The apsidal shape of an elephant's (gaja) backside. (Literally, "elephant-lion.") A decorative motif that shows (1) a lion rearing over or attacking a kneeling elephant, or (2) a combined elephant-lion creature. Its symbolism in either case is unknown, although much-discussed. The Indonesian orchestra, that consists of gongs, metallophones, drums, flute, rebec, etc. A dwarf-like, auspicious nature-spirit that is often found decorating the temples and shrines of India and Southeast Asia. In Hinduism, the ganas are servants of Shiva (the name of Shiva's son, the elephant god Ganesha, means "Lord Of The Ganas.") In Buddhism, the ganas are servants of Kubera, the god of wealth. An ancient kingdom (1st century BC - 7th century AD) in what is now northern Pakistan and Afghanistan, important in the early centuries AD as the conduit of Roman stylistic influence in Buddhist sculpture. "Fragrances," celestial musicians and husbands of the apsarasas . (Also, Ganesh.) An elephant-headed god who overcomes all obstacles with the force of an elephant crashing through the jungle. The son of Parvati , Ganesh removes every difficulty and is invoked at the start of any new enterprise. His attributes include an elephant goad, his broken-off tusk that he used as a pen to write the Mahabharata , a lasso, and a bowl of sweets. He rides a mouse or rat and is a jolly, good-natured god. (1) The Ganges is the most sacred river in India, flowing down from heaven through Shiva's hair in the high Himalayas and from thence east across India to the sea. To bathe in the Ganges river at Varanasi is to wash away all the sins of one's past lives. Ganga is the personified goddess of the Ganges river. She rides upon a makara , and is an emblem of fertility and purification. (2) The Jumna, although less important today, is a parallel river to the Ganges. Her personification, Yamuna, rides a tortoise. "Womb chamber," the sanctuary of an Indian temple. Chinese gardens, which can range from the modest to the very large, are built from the three basic elements of water, plants, and rock according to aesthetic criteria that were codified in the Song dynasty. Garden rocks had to have a mountain-like shape with natural cavities; the best ones came from Lake Tai. Scholars' rocks were smaller versions of these. Japanese gardens tend to be a miniaturized and more formal version of Chinese gardens, perhaps reflecting the lesser availability of land on the Japanese islands, although there are some exceptions on very large Japanese estates. Compare: the relationship between 18th century French gardens (formal) and 18th century English gardens (informal). A bird-man, Vishnu's mount and the King of Birds. Garuda is the enemy of snakes, and can often be seen grasping them in his claws, a motif that also occurs in Mesopotamian art. His iconography encompasses a variable mixture of human and avian features, but usually includes at least a pair of wings and an eagle's beak. Raptors like eagles and hawks attack and devour snakes in the natural world; symbolically, these birds belong to the sun and sky, while the snakes they attack belong to the underworld and darkness. See: chaitya arch . A Sri Lankan Buddhist shrine in the South Indian style, fashioned of stone in a rectangular plan with corbelled roof and decorated with carvings. (Japan) Literally, "accomplished person." A traditional female entertainer who provides music, song, dance, and conversation at dinner parties. (India) A flight of steps that lead down to any large body of water (whether natural or artificial) for bathing, washing clothes, etc. (Japan) During the Asuka and Nara periods, a pageant with masks that was performed during temple inaugurations. It derives from the ancient Chinese state of Wu. The comma-shaped, jade "bear claws" that decorate early Korean crowns and are also found in Japan. They may symbolize royal authority, perhaps deriving from a totemic bear clan like Dangun's . Alternatively, they are thought, by some writers, to resemble an embryo and thus to symbolise fertility. (Japan) The white paper zigzags that decorate a Shinto shrine. They are used as instruments of purifiction during the Shinto rituals. The gateway tower of a South Indian Temple, that leads through an enclosure wall into the temple precinct; often elaborated with its own pediment, roof, and lintels. More generally, the term can refer to any framed entrance through an enclosure wall. A modern Buddhist memorial, that is related to the ancient pagodas and stupas but much more abstract and symbolic. Funeral pottery from China's Three Dynasties period, especially from the Yue kilns in Western Jin (265-316 AD). The top of the vessel is decorated with numerous human and animal figures, sea creatures, and birds, and a pavilion for storing grain on top. This represents an abundance of food, that one would need in the afterlife. A mythical animal having the head of an eagle and the body of a lion. An amusing, exaggeratedly distorted figure. The word comes from the grottoes of ancient Rome, where such figures are painted on the walls. The Chinese saviour goddess. See: Avalokiteshvara . A stone carving of a guardian, usually a nagaraja , that is placed in pairs on either side of the entrance to a Sri Lankan temple. In Western classical architecture, the numerous short vertical pegs that decorate the underside of a lintel. (Japan) A temple ritual involving masked impersonation of Buddhas, Bodhisatvas, Devas, etc. that was performed from late Heian times onward. (Japan) The worship hall of a Japanese Shinto shrine. A goose, the animal on which Brahma rides. (Japan) Hollow earthenware statues erected upon or around a Kofun . They are "spirit houses," ranging in type from simple upright cylinders to elaborate models of warriors, buildings, and horses. (Korea) A traditional Korean house . During the Joseon dynasty its design principles included fengshui , particular interior layouts, and ondol heating. The monkey general who was a faithful ally of Rama in the Ramayana . The private living quarters of a ruler's wives and concubines. The harem was located in the innermost quarter of the palace, with guarded entrances and exits and jalis (pierced stone screens) from which the occupants could gaze out upon the passing scene. An image of Vishnu ("hari") and Shiva ("hara"), that is combined half-and-half into one deity. A Hindu ogre-goddess of smallpox; converted, as so often, to a protective deity in Buddhism. A square railing that encloses the spire on top of a stupa . It originally represented a sacred enclosure that was delimited by a fence. The Egyptian goddess of music, the sky, and loving-kindness, who originally took the form of a nurturing cow. Her principal attributes, the horned crown and sistrum , are confusingly shared with Isis ; you have to read the hieroglyphs to know which is which. (Literally, "horse-neck.") A fierce form of Avalokiteshvara , usually portrayed as a dwarf with a symbolic horse-head attached to his coiffure. A Hindu plague-goddess who was converted by Buddha into a protector of children, along with her husband Atavaka (Panchika). The story is apotropaic , and also an example of religious usurpation , a strategy that Buddhism employed both to compete and to coexist with its native rivals. The depiction of punishments in hell is an enduring tradition in Buddhist and Daoist art, much the same as in Christianity. These sadistic images were, of course, meant to warn away the faithful from sin and its awful consequences. The difference is that in Asia, unlike in the West, Hell is not eternal. A roof, all of whose sides slope down without a gable . This form was reserved for the most important palace and temple buildings. (Japan) The Abbot's residence of a Buddhist temple. The main building of a Shinto shrine. It is typically reserved for the kami (gods), and closed to the public. (Japan) The Main Hall of a Buddhist temple in Japan. It houses the chief worship statue, and is the largest and most important building in the temple complex. For historical reasons, some temples use the term kondo ( Golden Hall) instead; see Wikipedia for details. A cloth that is wrapped around a statue in order to symbolize its divinity and that it is currently under worship. Various types and patterns include: (Indonesia, Hindu) a black-and-white chequered pattern, or sometimes a modern batik . (Southeast Asia, Buddhist) a yellow wrap (India, Hindu) a white, red, or yellow wrap (Japan, Shinto) a white or sometimes red wrap (Egypt) Horus is the Falcon God, the son of Isis and Osiris who avenged his father and established the Kingdom of Egypt on earth. Horus was the first Pharaoh, and every subsequent pharaoh became the new Horus, as his deceased predecessor became the new Osiris. The binding of mythical stories to practical history occurs in every culture (George Washington and the Cherry Tree!), but in Egypt the two achieve perhaps their highest integration. Hotei in Japan, or Budai in China, is the Smiling Fat Buddha, a folk avatar of Maitreya who carries a big rice sack on his back. The ancient Chinese believed that every person had two souls: the yang or spiritual hun, and the yin or bodily po. These separated after death, and beliefs about their subsequent fates were varied and unclear. One idea was that the hun ascended up to heaven to take up an official career among the divinities, while the po remained behind in the tomb to enjoy an afterlife of feasting and physical amusements. See the Wikipedia article for more information. A strikingly similar belief appears in Egypt, where the two souls were called the ba and the ka . An architectural roof that is supported by columns, especially the hypostyle halls of ancient Egypt, India, early mosques, etc. (Hwaeom in Korea, Kegon in Japan) An influential school of Chinese Buddhism that was brought to Korea by Uisang in 671. Huayan Buddhism is based on the Avatamsaka (Flower Garland) Sutra. It teaches that definitions and concepts – including this one – are products of the limited mind and have no basis in ultimate reality. See also: Three Worthies . (Korea) An elite sodality of aristocratic Silla youths who trained and fought together in specialized units within the Silla army, and who worshiped their leader as an incarnation of Maitreya . In spite of their rather twee designation (literally "flower youth,") this became an effective "old boy's school" that promoted the social and military integration of Silla's young aristocrats. The religiously-motivated destruction of sacred images. Odd as it seems to us today, iconoclasm was, at various times, a potent force both in Byzantine and in early Protestant history. Literally, "symbolic writing:" the pose, gestures, attributes, and symbols that serve to identify an image. For example, the iconography of Shiva Nataraja usually includes a dance pose with one leg lifted and the other standing on a dwarf; an arm gesture pointing to his lifted foot; a small drum and firepot held in the hand; and a hand gesture with palm extended meaning "fear not." A dye-resist cloth that is woven in Indonesia. The building, in a Buddhist monastic complex, that contains the major cult statue of the Buddha. The conservative aspect of architecture, that incorporates "quotations" – that is, references to the forms, materials, and decorative elements of its predecessors. The Japanese invasions of Korea during 1592-1598, under the leadership of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. While ultimately unsuccessful, these invasions produced great damage and loss of life on the peninsula. "Imjin" in this case is the year, not the river. See Japanese invasions of Korea for additional information. A row of columns that is set in a line across an entrance, between two pilasters or corner posts. The Vedic king of the gods. His domain is the sky; he is associated with rainstorms, and carries a thunderbolt ( vajra ), like the Greek god Zeus. His elephant mount Airavata symbolizes clouds and thunder. In later Hinduism, Indra retains his formal title but becomes subordinate to Vishnu and Shiva, and is also pressed into service as the Dikpala (directional guardian) of the east. In Buddhism, Indra and Brahma attend the Buddha's birth and accompany him in his descent from Trayastrimsha heaven . A large, sheer "island" of rock that, because of differential erosion, stands up above a surrounding plain. An order of Classical architecture that originated on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor and is characterized by volute capitals . An obscure Dikpala , guardian of the northeast direction. His name means, simply, "the Lord." He holds a trident and bowl. Isis , the consort of Osiris and mother of Horus , is the Great Goddess of Egypt. The stepped-throne hieroglyph of Isis is shared with Osiris, and many of her other attributes - the horned crown, sistrum, and menat - were assimilated from Hathor . Originally a divinity of magic, she took up the maternal aspect of Hathor and ultimately became a savior goddess, in which aspect her cult spread widely throughout the Roman Empire. The iconography of Isis suckling Horus, in the Roman era, was the direct precursor of Mary suckling Jesus in the Christian era. A dog-like carnivore and shy scavenger that lurks around human cremation and burial grounds. This habit got the jackal noticed in India as an animal associated with Shiva and the fiercer aspects of Devi, and in Egypt where he was promoted to Anubis , the god of mummification. The entrance hall of a South Indian temple, just in front of the sanctuary. The platform, plinth, or terrace (these words are practically synonymous when speaking of Indian temples) on which a temple rests. (pronounced "Jane.") A religion founded by Mahavira in the 6th-5th century BC. Jainism shares some features of Buddhism, such as avoidance of harm to living things, and is greatly concerned with ritual purity. Principal worship is directed towards 24 saviors or tirthankaras . A Mughal stone lattice or pierced screen. This architectural element is found in tombs, palace harems, mosques, and elite private residences; its purpose was usually to allow a watching lady to see, while remaining herself concealed from the profane gaze of men. The stories of the Buddha's past lives, as an animal or human being, in which he demonstrated the virtues of compassion and self-sacrifice that ultimately led to his final incarnation as an enlightened being. The stories were often adapted from earlier, non-Buddhist sources. A Mughal projecting balcony with a domed or vaulted roof. A Japanese shrine-temple (the word's literal meaning) that includes both a Buddhist temple and a Shinto shrine. The general idea is that the kami protect the temple, and the temple enlightens the kami. In a practical sense, it is Buddhism's way of coming to terms with Japan's pre-existing, native religion. (Korea) A stylized folding screen that stands behind the thrones of Joseon rulers as a sort of royal emblem. Its design includes mountains, pines, and the sun and moon. (Japan) A form of popular theatre with musical accompaniment and stylized voice and gesture. Make-up, costumes, and sets are very elaborate. First performed by women in early Edo, now performed only by men, who also play the women's parts. In Indonesia, kaja is the sacred direction, towards the holy mountain, Gunung Agung. Kelod is the impure direction, towards the sea. Houses, temples, and even entire towns are oriented along this axis. Since the mountain is located in the eastern part of the island, in central and south Bali the kaja direction is most often towards the northeast point of the compass. A protective monster mask in Indian and SE Asian temples that is carved above temple entrances, gates, arches, and niches to represent the threshold between time and eternity. "Kala" means "Time," and "Kirtimukha" means "Face of Glory." The mask sometimes has the features of a horned lion, and may also display a lower jaw and vestigial arms. A type of decoration that frames the doorways and niches of temples in Southeast Asia. Two naga bodies form the sides of the arch, whose ends rest upon outward-turning makara heads. The top of the arch, from which the serpent bodies issue, is a kala . The arch symbolizes a rainbow, which connects the mundane world of the earth to the divine world of the sky. A water-jar or pot, symbolizing fertility and abundance, that crowns the spire of some temples. It may also be used as a column base, or be held as an attribute by certain gods. Its symbolism is like the European cornucopia , the "horn of plenty." A terrifying form of Devi , goddess of the cremation grounds and sometime consort of Shiva . The god of love ("kama sutra"). "Wanton-eyed," a name of Parvati . (Japan) The indigenous gods of Japan, who are worshipped at shinto shrines. (Japan) The family emblems of historical Japanese clans, that appear everywhere on flags, robes, paintings, roof tiles, etc. Also called mon . A kind of Sri Lankan painting associated with the Kandyan kingdom , in which the outlined figures are rendered flat, without 3-dimensional modeling or Western perspective, in light-colored infill, often against a red background. The Japanese name of Guanyin , a savior Bodhisattva. (Literally, "deed.") The merit or demerit accruing from a person's good or bad deeds in his previous life. This causes the individual to be reincarnated, and determines his circumstances in the current life, where he might exist as a god, or as some kind of disgusting bug, or as anything in between. Belief in reincarnation developed early in India, and was also known in other societies, including the ancient Greeks. Also known as Skanda, Karttikeya is a son of Shiva and Parvati who was foster-nursed by the Pleiades. Karttikeya is the god of battle. He has six heads, numerous attributes, and rides a peacock. The Sri Lankan version of Skanda, an important god in Lanka and one of the Four Protectors of the island. Kataragama/Skanda is the Indian god of war, a son of Shiva and Parvati. His vehicle is the peacock, and he carries numerous weapons and other attributes (bow, spear, trident, etc.) Protective roof tiles on traditional Japanese houses and temples. A modern (1931) retelling of the Ramayana , thanks to Walter Spies, from the monkeys' point of view. A vessel for holy water. See: Dawn F. Rooney, Kendi In The Cultural Context Of Southeast Asia . Celestial musicians, possibly related to the gandharvas , who have the heads of men and the bodies of birds or horses. (Arabic) A ruin. (Korea) Female entertainers, like the Japanese geisha . (Japan) The Lecture Hall of a Buddhist temple, where sutras are read. (Japan) A stone-chamber burial (mound tomb) from about 300 to 550 A.D. Typically the chamber itself is below ground level. It would be filled in with rubble, and a stone-covered mound would then be erected above the chamber. These elite, megalithic burials have given their name to the eponymous and formative period of Japanese history, that saw the adoption of Chinese culture via Korea, and the beginnings of the Yamato court. A Sri Lankan dance drama with masks. The characters include aristocrats, peasants, court functionaries, etc. See: Dance and Masks on this website. (Japan) See vajra . Korean ceramics often display a character of deliberate unpretentiousness, as if pursuing their own kind of beauty by a means other than technical perfection; even obvious errors of firing, such as a sagging body or flawed glaze, could be valued in this aesthetic of imperfection. The quality of informality in Korean pottery was especially appreciated by the Japanese, who went so far as to kidnap hundreds of Korean potters and sculptors during the 16th century Imjin war and resettle them in Japan. The Japanese zither . (Also keris) The distinctively shaped knife-blade of Indonesia. Typically forged into S-shaped curves, it carries great personal and cultural significance. (Jizo in Japan, Dizang in China) A Bodhisattva with the power to save sinners from hell. He is depicted as a Buddhist monk with a staff ( shakujo ). One of the Dikpalas , the guardian of the north. Kubera is king of the yakshas and god of wealth (buried treasure). His attributes include a mongoose, club, pomegranite, water jar, and money pouch. See also: Vaisravana . A comic interlude with masks, separating the acts of a Noh drama. A Hindu water goddess, consort of Vishnu and symbol of prosperity. Her primary attribute is the lotus flower. She is often portrayed as sitting or standing on a lotus while being lustrated (showered with water) by elephants, a scene that symbolizes the rain clouds bringing water and life to the land. When accompanying Vishnu, she is often paired with Sarasvati . A tall pillar in front of some Indian temples. An oil lamp was mounted at the top of the pillar, where it would be lit each night by a boy shimmying up the pillar. The legendary founder of Daoism , worshiped in deified form as Lao Jun. Auxiliary temple buildings that are found in pairs, one on each side of the main axis of a temple, in front of the temple platform. These buildings are called "libraries" because they were formerly thought to contain copies of the scriptures. Their actual function is unknown, but by now the term "library" is unfortunately imbedded in the literature. They might have been storerooms or treasuries, containing temple paraphernalia, or possibly shrines containing the sacred fire. (Also lingam.) A phallus, the aniconic representation of Shiva . The linga is usually unadorned, but sometimes has secondary carvings. It is usually set into a circular base that represents the female yoni (generative organ), and is worshiped by oblations of milk and water. An architectural crosspiece that spans the top of an opening, like a door or a window. See also: arch . (China) a gentleman-scholar. A small chamber, carved into the wall of a tomb, where the body was placed. The directional guardians ( Dikpalas ) of the North, South, East, or West. They are called shitenno in Japan; see Todaiji Temple (Japan) for more information. Also known as "Heavenly Kings," the locapalas appear in both Hinduism and Buddhism, but receive more cultic emphasis in the latter. Their names are: Vaishravana (Kubera, North) - their leader or general Dhritarastra (Indra, East) Virudhaka (Yama, South) Virupaksa (Varuna, West) A sacred flower in Asia and Egypt, a symbol of purity that raises up beauty from the mud of existence. "Lower Egypt" refers to the Nile Delta, and "Upper Egypt" is the highlands to the south. The Nile River flows down from the southern highlands into the Mediterranean, which accounts for the names of these two geographically distinct regions of Egypt. The distinction between north and south was geographically, politically, religiously, and iconogaphically important throughout Egypt's history; it structures and organizes the thought of ancient Egypt, much as yin-yang duality structures and organizes the thought of ancient China. However, the two dualities are not the same. Chinese Yin-yang duality is philosophical, whereas Egyptian north-south duality is political. The legend persists, in many countries of southeast Asia, of intermarriage between a native princess ("lunar clan") and an immigrant prince from India ("solar clan"). Such legends may indeed have some basis in fact: during the early centuries A.D., numerous Hindu elites and traders did indeed emigrate to SE Asia, where they intermarried with the local elites and blended their native culture with their newfound homes. Luohan (Chinese; Arhats, in India) are Immortals, living disciples of the Buddha, who achieved enlightenment but have postponed entering Nirvana in order to guard the Buddhist Law on earth until the coming of Maitreya . Until then they remain hidden from the sight of mortals. In Buddhist art they are represented as eccentrics, with various bizarre physical characteristics, rather like the immortals of Daoist legend. The full set of luohan numbers 500 individuals, and several temples in China show every one of them. (Egypt) Righteousness, personified as a small feathered goddess ( Wikipedia entry ). One of the defining concepts of Egyptian civilization, Ma'at represented truth, justice, and order as opposed to chaos and evil (isfet). Like other early civilizations, the Egyptians conceived of the ruler's mission as maintaining the orderly succession of day, night, and the seasons upon which agriculture and therefore life itself depended. In Egyptian thought this responsibility was vastly expanded to include protection from enemies, wild animals, the desert, and lawlessness in general. A battlement projecting from the wall of a castle or fort, with openings in its bottom through which the defenders could hurl missles onto the heads of the attackers below. One of India's two great national epics (the other is the Ramayana ). The enormous composition – at 100,000 stanzas, it is by far the longest poem in the world – is traditionally assigned to Vyasa as author. Its oldest parts (orally composed) date to around 400 BC, contemporaneous with the Ramayana, with later additions. The poem deals with a great war, possibly historical, in the first half of the first millenium BC, between two related clans, the Pandavas and the Kauravas. To this core is added an amazing variety of additional material, including the Bhagavad Gita , perhaps India's greatest religious poem, an exhortation that Krishna utters to Arjuna before the climactic battle. ( Tibetan Buddhism ) A Buddhist Dharmapala who originated as a Hindu Dvarapala (door guardian) of Shiva temples. A Mughal palace, pavilion, or hall. One of the Vidyarajas , who protected against snakebite and other evils and was also considered in Esoteric metaphysics to be the mother of Buddha's dharmakaya . Mahasthamaprapta (Seishi, in Japan) represents the power of Amitabha's Wisdom. His name means "strong as an elephant," an attribute of Vajrapani . Mahasthamaprapta carries a vase of elixir in his flowing coiffure, is associated with the moon, is displayed in triad with Amitabha and Avalokiteshvara, and rides Indra's elephant like Samantabhadra - indeed they are the same Bodhisattva, although they belong to different Buddha families. The Sinhalese Buddhist national epic of Sri Lanka, compiled in the 5th century AD from earlier sources. The founder of the Jain religion, Mahavira was a more strict, perhaps, contemporary of the Buddha. (Japan) An apprentice geisha . Maiko wear brightly-colored costumes and a "youthful" hairstyle. (Milefo in China, Miroku in Japan, Mireuk in Korea) The Buddha of the Future , a Bodhisattva who waits in Tushita Heaven to become the next Buddha. Maitreya will appear at a time far in the future, when the Buddhist teachings have been lost, in order to reestablish the Dharma. He is dressed, like other Bodhisattvas, with crown and jewelry since he is not yet a Buddha. His attributes include a stupa (usually worn in his crown) and a water bottle. When sitting, his legs are typically "at ease" (ankle crossed over knee) or "Western" (legs apart) style. (Indonesia) An island empire of Southeast Asia that was based on Java and ruled from 1293-1500 ( Wikipedia .) Their emblem was the Majapahit Sun . A fanciful chimera , having the body and tail of a fish, the mouth of a crocodile, and the trunk of an elephant. It is a protective animal, that frames the arches of Hindu and Buddhist temples throughout Asia and often decorates the functional rainspouts of buildings. An archway that decorates temple entrances in SE asia. It consists of two makaras linked at the top by a dragon or kala face. (Egypt) A small shrine, within a larger temple, that is dedicated to the birth of a god. Often the birth of pharaoh would also be celebrated within the mammisi, as one divinity to another. A symbolic diagram of the cosmos, having religious significance in animism in general and in esoteric Buddhism in particular. Mandalas are a type of yantra , and are also found as relicts in North America. A columned hall in a temple. In sculpture or painting, an almond-shaped halo or nimbus that surrounds a figure's body to indicate sanctity. The word comes from the Italian, and applies both to Western and to Asian art. (Wenshu in China, Monju in Japan) The Bodhisattva of Wisdom; he rides a lion, wields a sword, displays the sutras, and debates with a layman named Vimalakirti . He is depicted in triad with Shakyamuni (or Vairocana ) and Samantabhadra . A mystic verbal formula used in ritual or meditation. A ficticious group of seven Buddhas, who were thought to have preceeded Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, by analogy with similar legends about the Jinas . In the Victory Over Mara (or, Temptation Of Mara), the meditating Buddha triumphs over Mara, a demon who sent horrific and seductive visions (the Army of Mara and Daughters of Mara) to distract him from achieving his goal. At the climax of the event, Buddha calls the Earth to witness the merit of his past lives and his right to receive enlightenment. A religious or secular Japanese festival . A building that is dedicated to the memory of a deceased person and contains his or her tomb. Often confused with memorial, monument, and cenotaph. Memorials are dedicated to the memory of a deceased, but can be any kind of structure and do not contain a burial (eg, the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC). Monuments honor particular events or people, but do not have funerary connotations (eg, the Washington Monument in Washington, DC). A cenotaph is literally an empty tomb: either (Classical world) a mausoleum without a burial, or (Islamic) a substitute grave marker placed one or two floors above the actual burial. An Islamic mausoleum , like the Taj Mahal in India or the Aba Khoja Mausoleum in Kashgar. Mazars and mosques are the two most important building types of Islamic architecture. (1) Buddha's mother. (2) A pre-Columbian civilization in Mesoamerica. (1) the mythological Hindu world-mountain ; its Buddhist equivalent is called Mt. Sumeru . The mountain rests at the center of the world (the world-axis), surrounded by the four directional rivers, oceans, and continents. Buddhist pagodas symbolize Mt. Sumeru, just as Hindu shikharas symbolize Mt. Meru. (2) (Meru roof) A pagoda-like roof that consists of an odd number of courses; it covers important shrines in Southeast Asia. (3) (Meru shrine) A shrine covered by a Meru roof. The square spaces, reserved for sculpture, between the triglyphs of a doric frieze (see: Doric Order of Classical Architecture ). A niche in the wall of a mosque that is oriented towards Mecca, the direction of prayer (qibla); for example, towards the west, when one is in India. "Fish Eyed," the name of a local goddess and legendary Pandya queen of Madurai who was assimilated to Parvati . Born with three breasts, the goddess lost her third breast when she saw Shiva on the battlefield. Their subsequent marriage is celebrated nightly at their temple in Madurai. A tall, slender Islamic tower. The pulpit in a mosque, derived architecturally from the early Christian ambo . It is shaped as a right-angled triangle, whose hypotenuse is a flight of stairs leading up to the platform. (China) "spirit wares," ceramic models and figurines that were buried as symbolic grave goods for the deceased to use in the afterlife; these originally substituted for real sacrificed persons and too-valuable-to-be-buried artifacts. The idea is that if you are rich and powerful enough then you can indeed take it with you, but a substitute is almost as good and much less likely to be robbed. An embracing couple. Mithunas are a common motif on the walls of Indian temples, where they are thought to exert an influence which is both auspicious and magical/protective. A female incarnation of Vishnu, in which he/she became the consort of Lord Shiva. (Literally, "one stone.") A structure, such as a shrine or temple, which has been excavated as a unit from a surrounding matrix or outcropping of rock. A semicircular carved stepping-stone, that is placed in front of the entrance to a Buddhist shrine. The moonstone is a liminal marker that originated in India; it symbolizes the passage from the everyday world into a sacred space. In Sri Lanka, it is typically decorated by concentric bands of Buddhist animals and lotus vegetation. The "man in the moon," that is conceived in Asia as a toad or a rabbit. A Muslim place of worship. Congregational mosques for public worship are called Jami Masjid ("Friday Mosques"). Two important parts of a mosque are the mihrab (prayer niche) and the minbar (pulpit). A multi-headed naga that sheltered the Buddha under his hood during a rainstorm. A Korean shaman , usually female, who intercedes with the gods via spirit possession. Today, Shamanism is practically the last refuge of female power in the otherwise patriarchal-Confucian society of Korea. A symbolic hand-position, used when depicting a divinity. Some of the more important ones are listed below; see the mudras page for their images. Palm out, thumb and forefinger touching in "OK" sign: teaching The Mughals, also spelled Moguls, were a dynasty of Muslim conquerors in northern and central India between 1526 and 1748. The best-known Mughal emperors are Babur (1483-1526-1530), who founded the dynasty; his grandson Akbar (1542-1556-1605), who expanded and consolidated the empire; and Akbar's grandson Shah Jahan (1592-1666, ruled 1628-1658), who built the Taj Mahal . The Buddhist idea that relics of saints, or even of the Buddha himself, would miraculously appear wherever and whenever required in order to meet the needs of the faithful. See also: division of relics , sarira . At times, addition and subtraction of relics has also been observed. But all satire aside, the identification and distribution of relics has often had political as well as religious significance, in the East as well as in the West. A symbol that carries more than one meaning. See: additive cultures . A particular form or representation of a god, for example, Shiva Nataraja . A murti is the basic arrangement of iconographic elements – the "pose" – that tells the story and communicates the meaning and identity of an image. Music and dance are human universals. In ancient times, the two were inseparable, and intimately connected both to religious worship and to civic rites and rituals. (1) The scope of music in ancient China included Confucian ritual, Literati culture, and public and private ceremonies and gatherings. Many tourist venues in China today provide demonstrations of traditional music and dance that are of exceptionally high quality, being staffed by conservatory-trained musicians from Shanghai and Beijing. Much, however, was lost during the Cultural Revolution, and many "traditional" shows today are increasingly displaying an over the top, almost Las Vagas type of theatricality. (2) Japanese music and dance is a living tradition that extends continuously from Kabuki and Noh in medieval times to the present; indeed, it is the most uninterrupted in all of Asia. Some ritualized temple and court music and dance, of Chinese origin, has been handed down even earlier, from the first millennium AD. There can be a mannered quality to some of the performances. (3) India's northern (Mughal) musical traditions, as exemplified by Ravi Shankar and Ali Akbar Khan's cultural outreach on sitar and sarod, were a familiar experience to Western listeners in the 1960s; Karnatic (southern) music of India is also readily available. India's classical dance tradition suffered a great loss during the British occupation, and is still being rebuilt. (4) A large amount of of SE Asian music and dance (Cambodian, Thai, Lao, etc.) was lost during the European conquests and wars of the 20th century. Current efforts to revive the tradition, however praiseworthy, still have to overcome a severe discontinuity between past and present. (5) Traditional Indonesian wayang performance and gamelan music has enjoyed far more continuity than music and dance on the mainland. However, especially with gamelan, there is a tradition of rapid change (however paradoxical that may seem) so what one sees and hears today is likely to be a contemporary composition within a traditional form. The snake or dragon, a creature of myth and legend. Nagas were worshiped as nature deities in early India and Southeast Asia. Nagas are associated with water, the underground, the heavens (as "riders on the storm"), and fertility. Attitudes towards them are ambivalent because they are such impressive yet deadly animals. Representations in art and architecture include: Naga bridges, platforms, and staircases whose Serpent balustrades symbolize a rainbow bridge between the earthly and celestial worlds. Shesha , on which Vishnu reclines during his cosmic sleep. In his Varaha incarnation, Vishnu rescues Bhu Devi from a snake demon who had abducted her beneath the ocean. Vasuki , the cosmic serpent who is "roped" into churning the Sea of Milk. A "serpent king," the typical guardian figure of East Asian temples. It has the form of a standing human whose face is framed by multiple cobra hoods. (Japan) A style of Shinto architecture in which the building's roof flows down to cover a porch. A bull, Shiva's vahana . The courtyard of most Shiva temples includes a sculpture of Nandi, who kneels riderless and faces the shrine in adoration. Nandi is called "Preah Ko" (The Divine Bull) in Cambodia, as in the temple of the same name at Angkor. A trident above a circle. In Buddhism, the circle symbolizes the Dharma , and the trident symbolizes the triratna . The nandipada also appears in Jain art, but is older than either faith. An 8th-9th century kingdom of China, based in Yunnan ( Wikipedia ). Shiva as Lord of the Dance. See: Shiva Nataraja . The native, animist gods of Burma. In earlier times they were portrayed as generic nature spirits, but in later times the most important of them were given individual names, attributes, and histories. They also include some Hindu gods. "Governor," the title of those who ruled states or provinces under the overlordship of the Vijayanagara kings. After the fall of Vijayanagara, the Nayakas converted their domains into independent kingdoms ruled by themselves. (Arabic) A memorial stele. Nabataean nefesh were shaped like obelisks, pyramids, or cones. (Egypt) The vulture, symbol of Upper Egypt. Neo-Confucian orthodoxy originated in China's Song dynasty (Zhu Xi, 1130-1200). It was officially established by the Korean state, replacing Buddhism, at the beginning of the Joseon dynasty (1398, Confucian Academy). Confucianism in general (Kong Fuzi, 551-478 BC) was a rationalist social philosophy that emphasized filiality, patriarchy, social deference, ritual, and hierarchy as the useful foundation of an orderly and productive society. Confucians valued the group over the individual, and considered personal passion (including sexual and religious enthusiasm) to be detrimental to social cohesion. Neo-Confucianism systemized these ideas in the form of a philosophical opposition between li (order) and qi (chaos): reason/passion concepts/things ideas/materiality In comparative terms we can speak of Apollo vs. Dionysius (Greece), Ma'at vs. Isfet (Egypt), Dharma vs. Adharma (India), Classicism vs. Romanticism (Europe), Reason vs. Religion (Europe again), etc. These are very ancient dichotomies. Neo-Confucian philosophy, and Asian political philosophy in general, emphasizes the "law-and-order" branch, but that is a universal impulse that can be found to varying degrees in every human society. Any of the nine symbolic "treasures" (auspicious objects) of Kubera , relating generally to good fortune and the bounty of the earth. Nidhis appear in aniconic form, and may also be personified as pot-bellied dwarfs like the ganas . An elephant demon, friend of Andhaka , who was slain during his battle with Shiva . Shiva Gajasamharara is the depiction, in art, of Shiva dancing underneath the butchered hide or head of the elephant. One of the more obscure Dikpalas , the directional guardian of the southwest. Nirriti is a fierce form of Shiva who holds a human head. (Japan) A masked dance-drama presenting stories from legend and history. Noh originated in the 14c - 15c and continues to be performed today, although it is often overshadowed nowadays by the more popular kabuki . See: The World of Noh. A magical association between specific numbers and some aspect of the divine. For example, the number 108 is often associated with the Buddha because its prime-number decomposition (108 = 27x4 = 3x3x3x2x2 = three threes times two twos) is considered auspicious. Similarly 49 = 7 x 7, and 81 = 9 x 9 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3. A narrow tapering column of stone that is capped by a pyramid. A small multipurpose theater, used for music recitals, dramatic readings, and meetings. A spout cut into the wall of a shrine, that carries the runoff of liquid offerings from inside the shrine to the outside. (Korea) The traditional system of under-floor heating in Korea, that was in use as early as 1000 BC and is still, with modern improvements, used today in traditional homes. Essentially it consists of a wood fire whose heat is directed by conduits underneath the tiled floor. (Japan) Lecherous horned devils of ferocious mien and low intelligence. Their folklore derives originally from China. (Egypt) A pious ceremony by which a pharaoh's son and successor, dressed in a priestly animal skin, magically causes the mummy of his deceased father to be able to breathe in the afterlife, thus legitimating the transfer of power. A form of divination practised in Shang China, in which a specially-prepared turtle plastron or ox shoulder bone was heated, and the yes/no answer read off from the resulting pattern of cracks. The questions, inscribed on the bone, form a valuable corpus of early Chinese writing. (Egypt) Osiris , the god of the dead, is associated with fertility and the annual flooding of the Nile. He is the Egyptian counterpart of Tammuz and Adonis , a vegetation god who is dismembered by Set and magically reconstituted by Isis . He impregnates Isis, descends to rule the underworld, and is ultimately avenged by their son Horus . In the religious foundation of Egyptian kingship, Osiris is identified with the dead pharaoh and Horus with his son and successor. "Lotus Bearer," a form of Avalokiteshvara , the Bodhisattva of Compassion. The lotus that he holds is a symbol of purity and salvation. A multi-storied tower that enshrines Buddhist relics, the ultimate form of the stupa in East Asia. See also: dagoba and paya . The architecture of the pagoda is an amalgam of the Han Chinese watchtower and the chattra (mast) of the Indian stupa. A formal entrance gate to a sacred or secular precinct. This type of gate is roofed but not enclosed, and has an odd number (one, three, or five) of side-by-side, squared, post-and-lintel archways. A 6th - 9th century dynasty in Southern India. The pose in sculpture that symbolizes the Buddha's death and transcendence, reclining on his right side with his head pointing north. In Sri Lanka, there is a slightly different "sleeping pose" that is sometimes distinguished from the parinirvana itself. Parvati, also called Uma, is a daughter of the Himalayas (personified) and the primary consort of Shiva. In Madurai, she is known as Minakshi . An animal associated with Shiva and Parvati, especially as the vehicle of their son Karttikeya . The triangular (or sometimes, arched) apex of a portico, door, or window. A Buddhist group of five figures: a Buddha in the center, flanked by two Bodhisattvas and two disciples. See: Amida pentad . A drawing or graffito that is incised onto the surface of a rock. This kind of rock art is most often found in the desert, where chemical processes over time have deposited a thin, dark layer of "desert varnish" upon the rock surface. Scratching through this layer, into the pristine rock below, produces a legible, contrasting line. (1) The Firebird of the West (2) The Fenghuang of the East Any ancient rock painting. Pictograms, unlike petroglyphs, are painted rather than scratched onto the surface. A European technique of colored stone inlay, also used in the Mughal Empire. The Italian term means "hard stone." An engaged column. A Chinese lute , like the Japanese Biwa . The origin of Chinese Porcelain can be traced back at least as far as the Eastern Han dynasty, when potters in Zhejiang province began to combine kaolin clay with high firing temperatures. Although superficially hard to recognize as such, these wares can still be classified as porcelain because of their chemical composition (kaolin, quartz) and their physical properties (hardness, impermeability, vitrification). There is a continuum of development between these early porcelains, Tang-dynasty sancai wares, Song dynasty celadon porcelains , and the thin, translucent, white "china" of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The boundaries between "true" porcelain and earlier porcelain, and between "true" celadon and earlier celadon, are actively debated by scholars. A roofed porch with columns. The day of the full moon, an occasion for special religious ceremonies and celebrations in Sri Lanka. According to tradition, the Buddha was born, achieved enlightenment, and attained Nirvana on full-moon days. A building, in Buddhist monasteries in Sri Lanka, where the monks gather to read the scriptures on poya days. The Khmer-influenced tower of a Thai temple. It is shaped like an elongated tube, with multiple layers and a variety of embellishment. (Thai) A temple, with tower, that is elevated on a terrace. An artifact by which prayers, written on cloth streamers attached to a long pole or strung on a line, are sent to heaven by the wind. Possibly they originate from Tibetan animist religion , although some authors attribute their origin to Amdo battle flags. A Tibetan Buddhist device in which written prayers are sent to heaven from inside a spinning vertical cylinder. When describing a photograph, painting, or sculpture, the "right" and "left" sides of animals, humans, and gods are designated according to the figure's point of view, e.g. proper right = viewer's left. A similar convention applies to stage directions; stage right = audience's left. The general name for a Hindu temple conplex in Bali. A general term that is applied to any personal, tribal, or national cultural property or heritage in Indonesia, such as temples, dance, music, kris, statuary, etc. The process of cutting stone blocks out of their surrounding matrix of rock. Quarrying is one of three ways to obtain stone for a building or sculpture. Another way is reuse, taking the stone from an already existing structure. The third way is excavation , taking away stone from the matrix and using what is left in place. A person's breath-energy or vital force, considered to be centered in the stomach. The local direction that is oriented towards Mecca, the direction of Moslem prayer; for example, towards the west, when one is in India. A horned dragon or chimera. The Chinese zither . A temple plan that has five towers arranged in an "X," as at Angkor Wat. (India) Rahu is an asura who stole the elixir of immortality from the devas after the Churning of the Sea of Milk and was punished by decapitation. His immortal head sails through the heavens forever, and causes eclipses by swallowing the sun. A king, in India. A line of Hindu rulers in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, from before the Muslim invasions until Independence in the 20th century. A fierce demon spirit, in India. An ancient Hindu epic, orally composed around 400 BC. Its authorship is traditionally ascribed to Valmiki. The story tells how Prince Rama of Ayodhya invaded Sri Lanka, in order to rescue his wife Sita from the clutches of King Ravana. It echoes the earlier Greek legend of Helen of Troy, as related in the Iliad (9th or 8th century BC). Ayodhya is located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in North India, about as far away as possible from the South Indian states that had actually colonized Lanka in Early Historical times (6th century BC). In the Ramayana, the island's inhabitants were characterized as demons, presumably because of their native, non-Hindu, religion and their physical and cultural distance from "civilized" India. Naturally the Lankans did not appreciate this; they finessed the insult by enshrining Vibhishana, Ravana's "good" brother in the Ramayana, as one of the island's Four Protectors . The Ramayana's Lankan episodes are not historical; they encapsulate a romantic concept of Sri Lanka as the foreign and exotic "other" of myth and fable, a "far-off and long-ago" place of untutored barbarians, exotic trade goods (spices, jewels), and religious and political conflict with Mother India. (Korea) Tablets that were set up in a palace courtyard, to indicate where the officials should stand during palace ceremonies. (1) "Chariot," a temple cart (portable shrine), conceived of as the chariot of the deity. (2) A fixed shrine, carved of stone, which resembles a temple cart. (3) A projection from the base of a temple. The demon king of Sri Lanka, a foe of Rama and Shiva . The sun god of ancient Egypt, often syncretized (combined with other deities) as Amun-Ra, Ra-Horakty, etc. A visual pun, for example "bee + leaf = belief." This kind of punning is ubiquitous in Egyptian art, due to the visual nature of Egyptian hieroglyphs. In South Asia it was sometimes used, although much more rarely, to encode religious concepts in sculptural form. Cutting back the corners of a structure into a series of indented right angles. This stabilizes the structure, introduces a pseudo-curvature in plan, and enhances its perceived verticality in elevation. A form of entertainment originating in Han dynasty China, where the performer contorts himself around a burning oil lamp while attempting to keep it upright. The canopy of a building. Important types of roof, for our purposes, include: (1) The Chinese hipped roof (without a gable): This form was reserved for the most important palace and temple buildings. (2) The Chinese hipped-gable roof: as its name suggests, this is a roof with a gable above the hip. (3) The corbeled roof, that is constructed from overlapping courses of stone. (4) The bangla roof, that imitates the curved shape of a thatched hut. Zoomorphic architectural figures, on the corners of Asian roofs, that carry apotropaic and symbolic meanings. Lalitasana, a sitting posture with one leg bent and resting horizontally. The other leg is either (1) dropped over the seat, with the foot of the horizontal leg touching the knee (lalita); or (2) bent vertically with the knee pointing upward, and the two feet touching (rajalila). A round stone, with a circular or spiral marking, that is an attribute of Vishnu . These stones are identified in the modern era as fossil ammonites . The god of Adam's Peak, a native Sri Lankan deity who is one of the Four Guardians of the island. Samantabhadra (Puxian in China) is the Bodhisattva of Meditation, who rides Indra's elephant and is depicted in triad with Shakyamuni (or, Vairocana in other traditions) and Manjusri . Since Manjusri is a Bodhisattva of Wisdom, it follows that Samantabhadra is a Bodhisattva of Compassion (they always come in pairs). In addition, though, Samantabhadra has other epithets and qualities that are especially confusing in English translation: (1) he is the Bodhisattva of Practice, which is better translated as "the Practice of Meditation"; (2) he is also the Bodhisattva of Action, which I would translate as "the Activity of Meditation." Finally, (3) he rides Indra's elephant ; this is strong evidence that he is basically the same Bodhisattva as Mahasthamaprapta ; the only difference is that they just belong to different Buddha families. (Korea) The "Four Instruments" of a Buddhist temple. These are the bells (beomjong), drums (beopgo), wooden fishes (mokeo), and cloud plates (unpan). Symbolically, playing them broadcasts the Dharma to all beings of the earth (bells), beings who are dead (drums), beings of the waters (fishes), and beings of the air (clouds). Their practical functions include being struck to announce mealtimes and other temple events. A prominent Korean monk who organized armed resistance to the Japanese during the Imjin War and negotiated a successful peace afterwards, returning three thousand Korean prisoners of war to their homeland. (China) "Three-colored:" refers to the predominant mix of cream, brown (iron), and green (copper) glazes that were applied to many Tang Dynasty ceramics. Blue (cobalt), yellow (iron), and other colors were also employed. The ceramic body, to which these glazes were applied, is classified as an early type of porcelain . The community of Buddhist believers, one of the Three Jewels of Buddhism. The classical language of India. Important categories of Sanskrit literature include the Vedas (religious poetry from ca. 1200 BC), Upanishads (Hindu philosophy, ca. 700 BC), Epics (the Ramayana and Mahabharata , ca. 300 BC), Puranas (Hindu myths, the earliest ca. 300 AD), and secular literature (e.g. Kalidasa, a 5th century AD playwright). The "Seven Mothers," fierce forms of Devi . Six are associated with male gods: Brahmani (Brahma), Maheshvari (Shiva), Kaumari (Skanda), Vaishnavi (Vishnu), Varahi (Varaha, the boar incarnation of Vishnu), and Indrani (Indra). The seventh is Chamunda. A complete series can be found at the Parashurameshvara Temple in Bhubaneshwar. Brahma's consort, the goddess of poetry and music. Her attributes include a vina , palm-leaf book, and Brahma's goose. Relics, often described as jewel-like in appearance, from the cremated body of a holy person - originally Buddha, but later any revered monk or great teacher. In Buddhist art, the wish-fulfilling jewels (cintamani) held by certain Bodhisattvas are symbolically identified with the Buddha's sarira. More generally, the term includes symbolic relics such as pieces of glass or gold leaf, or even locally-produced bits of text (sutras) called "dharma relics." Sarira sacralized the pagodas in which they were enclosed; every pagoda had to have one. A distinctive ceramic ware of 14c-15c Thailand. An important early Christian symbol that is related, although rather obscurely, to baptism and pilgrimage, Roman fountains, and the cult of Venus. The scallop shell decorates Roman exedrae well before, and long into, the Christian era. (Egypt) " Health ," a hieroglyph and personal name. (Japan). An apotropaic, fish-tailed chimera that is often seen sculpted on Japanese rooftops, in order to protect against fire. The female aspect of a god, representing the god's creative energy. (Japan) A belled walking staff that is carried by Buddhist monks. Its sound warns away insects and other small creatures, to avoid injuring them. The historical Buddha . In India, a barrel-vaulted roof. Shalas were originally made of thatch or wood, and later of brick or stone. The term applies to the barrel vaults of chaitya halls and to the barrel roofs covering some temples and shrines. It also applies to the barrel-shaped miniature roof elements that decorate the towers of many shrines and temples in south India. A fertility emblem, expressed as the pose of a yakshi who raises her arm to grasp the branch of a tree, while her opposite leg is cocked on the ball of one foot. Early belief in India held that a woman could make a tree fruitful by grasping its branches in this way. Sometimes the yakshi holds a cross-legged instead of a cocked-leg posture, and sometimes the figure is male instead of female. Technically, the term shalabhanjika should be used only for one who grasps the shal tree in this way, different terms being used for those who grasp other kinds of trees, lotus buds, vines, etc. An animist priest who would go into a trance to communicate with, or even transform into, a spirit animal (spirit guide) in order to solve problems and return benefits to the community. See also shamanism , below. Shamanism , a neolithic religious practice deriving from animism , spread across Eurasia and was introduced across the northern steppes into China, the Americas, Korea, and Japan. Shamans, or spirit mediums, were empowered to mediate between the physical and spiritual worlds, divine the will of the gods, solve societal problems, and cure disease. The earliest rulers in China and Japan were shamans who divined for the people (oracle bones in China, Queen Himiko in Japan). Shamans in Japan are attested as late as the Heian period ( Aoi, Tale of Genji ). Remnants of shamanism exist today in Africa , Burma , China , Haiti , Korea , and Mexico . (China) "Spirit Path:" a road, lined with statues of animals and men, that leads to an Imperial or other honored tomb. (China) A hand-held, mouth-blown reed organ. (Also spelled sikhara). "Mountain peak," the tower of a North Indian temple. Placed above the temple sanctuary, it represents the cosmic mountain, Mount Meru, which is located at the center of the world. In South Indian temples, the term shikhara refers only to the capping element, a small octagonal-shaped dome, at the top of the pyramidal tower. See: Parts of a North Indian Temple (Japan). A boundary rope that marks off a sacred space in Japanese Shinto. (Japan) The type of estate architecture that was used during the Heian period. (Japan) The native animist religion of Japan, encompassing the worship of kami (the gods, including divine ancestors of the Imperial line) at sacred shrines. Important aspects of Shinto include the natural setting, cleanliness, ritual purity, and ceremonial dance. (Japan) See Lokapalas . (Shaiva, adjective). One of the Hindu Great Gods, Shiva is a god of the wild mountains and forests; a master of Yoga, he symbolizes the creative and destructive power of nature. The opposite of Vishnu , Shiva is the god of outsiders, yogis, wandering ascetics, and hermits who do not fit into organized society. His primary wife is Parvati (Uma), with whom he lives in the Himalayas. Shiva's attributes in North India are the trident and snake; in the South, an antelope and axe. He rides the bull Nandi . The central image in Shiva temples is the linga . Khmer kings identified themselves as manifestations of this god. Unlike the other Hindu gods, Shiva and Parvati are frequently illustrated together as husband and wife. When their son Skanda is also shown, the group is known as Somaskanda. A form of Shiva that is half male, half female. (1) Iconography: the female side of this form displays a female breast, gently rounded belly, feminine hip, and straight leg encased in sheer "trousers." On the male side, the leg is cocked and poised, its swelling calf and thigh muscles shown off by "shorts." There is not usually much difference between the male and female sides of the face, which unifies the two sides of his/her body. (2) Symbolism: the androgyne form of Shiva expresses the Godhead as a unity of the male and female principles, an idea that is also seen at Elephanta. Although a true (metaphysical) unity is implied, such a concept can only be expressed in art by a physical union or joining. (3) See also: Harihara , for a less complete unity. Ardhanarishvara and Harihara are both examples of the syncretic impulse that tries to combine the worship of several different gods into one. Shiva as Lord of the Dance. (1) Symbolism: Shiva is lord of the cosmic dance of creation and destruction. He is active, yet aloof, like the gods on the Parthenon frieze. (By contrast, Vishnu is passive in his own creation story as he dreams the world into existence.) (2) Iconography: Surrounding Shiva, a circle of flames represents the universe, whose fire is held in Shiva's left rear palm. His left front arm crosses his chest, the hand pointing in "elephant trunk" position (gaja hasta) to his upraised left foot which signifies liberation. His right foot tramples the much put-upon dwarf Apasmara, who represents spiritual ignorance. The hand of Shiva's right front hand is raised in the "fear-not" gesture of benediction (abhaya mudra), while his right rear hand holds a drum with which he beats the measure of the dance. The snake, an emblem of Shiva, curls around his arm. His hair holds the crescent moon - another emblem - and a small image of Ganga , the river-goddess whose precipitous fall from heaven to earth is broken by Shiva's matted locks. (Japan) Literally, "writing room." A style of Japanese interior architecture used in tearooms, private studies, and reception rooms. Shoin style consists of four elements arranged in a fixed order around a low raised dais (jodan no ma): (1) tsukeshoin on the left wall, (2) tokonoma on the wall behind the dais, (3) chigaidana to the right of the tokonoma, and (4) chodaigamae on the right wall. (Japan) A paper window consisting of translucent squares of paper laid between the spaces of a thin wooden lattice. (India) The city of a miracle, in which the Buddha multiplied himself a thousand times in order to confound his opponents. Immediately noticable, on most Cambodian temple reliefs of apsarasas , are the sideways-pointing feet of the dancers. Technicallly, their reliefs are so shallow that a volumetrically extended foot would simply not fit. Artistically, the Cambodians tended to avoid figural perspective. Culturally, their sideways- pointing feet are also consistent with politeness (one should not point one's feet towards a superior). When goddesses appear in shallow relief, the feet are splayed apart rather than side-by-side; guardian figures usually have their feet set normally upon the floor. (India) The lion, a royal ("The King of Beasts") and apotropaic (" Bes ") animal in cultures ranging from Egypt to China. His bulging eyes, that are typically surrounded by concentric rings of flesh, appear memorably in the numerous sculptures of Narasimha from India, but also generally in depictions of mythological and protective lions and nagas on the lintels and sculptures of east and southeast Asia. "Lion," from a legendary clan or totemic ancestor – the majority (about 70%) Buddhist population of Sri Lanka, who are descended, according to the Mahavamsa , from an Indian Prince named Vijaya and his followers, who arrived on the island in the 6th century BC and subsequently intermarried with the local population. (Arabic) A narrow, vertical clift in the rock. The "wheel" that is attached to the back of the head in some bronze statues of Hindu gods and Buddhist bodhisattvas in South and Southeast Asia. Buddhists interpret this as the wheel of the law ( dharmachakra ); the Hindu attribute is probably a solar symbol. The flame of wisdom that issues from the Buddha's head, in sculptures of Thailand and Sri Lanka. A hand-held bronze rattle in the ancient near east that was used in temple worship. Its sound was produced by small disks of metal that were loosely strung on a wire frame. In Egypt, the instrument was especially associated with the goddess Hathor . The classical Greek ideal of imperturbability. A geographical region that includes the countries of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and adjoining territories. A geographical region that includes the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines, and adjoining territories. The first (entrance) gate of an Indonesian temple, so called because its twin uprights are not bridged by an arch. The form of this gate, which is unique to Indonesia, is especially effective in framing an up-hill approach to its temple. The architectural transition between a square room, below, and a round dome, above. A long porch that provides a gathering place and relief from the heat of Mediterranean summers. A structural temple or shrine is one that was built in the usual way, with blocks of cut stone, unlike monolithic buildings which were carved as a single unit from the rock. A Buddhist reliquary mound, that is, a domed memorial building with a solid core that enshrines relics of the Buddha or other important persons. The relics are buried inside the solid interior. Actual relics might include ashes, hairs, bone fragments, or other cremated remains. Symbolic relics might include jewels, statues, or texts. Stupas range in size from three hundred feet tall to less than six feet tall. They are made of brickwork, stone, or bronze, often gilded or whitewashed. It is considered meritorious to renew their exterior coatings periodically, sometimes to such an extent that their original decoration can no longer be made out. The most important architectural parts of a stupa, from the bottom up, are: 1. a square, elevated platform which supports the rest of the structure, and around which the worshipers circumambulate clockwise; 2. The anda (body) of the stupa, shaped like an inverted bowl or bell; 3. if the stupa is bell-shaped, a tapering neck which extends upward from the body of the bell; 4. a yasti (pole), which symbolizes the world axis; 5. the harmika, a square railing which encloses the pole as a sacred space; and 6. a set of chattras (umbrellas), centered on the pole and diminishing in diameter towards the top, which signify honor and protection like the umbrellas held over the head of kings, abbots, and other important people. The sacred world-mountain of Buddhist and Jain cosmology, equivalent to the Hindu Mt. Meru . It rests at the center of the world (the world-axis), surrounded by the four canonical rivers, oceans, and continents. Buddhist pagodas symbolize Mt. Sumeru, just as Hindu shikharas symbolize Mt. Meru. A redented square base that supports a Himalayan-style stupa . It symbolizes the foot of Mount Sumeru, the holy mountain of Buddhist cosmology. Beautiful maidens, a frequent motif on temple walls. They represent musicians, dancers, handmaidens, and other ladies of the clestial court. The Vedic sun god. He holds a lotus in either hand, and drives a chariot pulled by seven horses representing the seven days of the week. He invariably wears boots – an iconography, unique to this god, that derives ultimately from Iran. (1) The Buddhist scriptures, that were first written down as the Pali Canon in 29 BC, and subsequently expanded. (2) Other scriptures (as the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali , etc.) from the Hindu and Jain traditions. A sutra case is, simply, a temple container for the Buddhist scriptures. Octagonal revolving sutra cases were introduced from China to Korea (Baekje, 7th century or so), and from there to Japan, for devotional purposes. Revolving the case would have the same effect as reading the sutras, just as spinning a prayer wheel would have the same effect as reading the prayers. For art-history purposes, a symmetry is a spatial transformation that preserves the geometry of its figures: for example, mirror, rotational, or translational symmetries. More abstractly, it is a mathematical transformation that preserves some important property of the structure that is being transformed. A process of assimilation of the powers and attributes of one deity or set of beliefs to another, usually driven by a mixture of practical concerns (a religious power-grab, in one form or another) and theological developments. See the Wikipedia article for a broader discussion. A line of seats for clergy, around the apse of a church. The Daoist symbol of Yin and Yang . The largest minority population (18%) of Sri Lanka. Their homeland is Tamil Nadu (see below) in south India. Tamils have lived in Lanka from early times; originally as colonists, invaders, and mercenaries, and later as plantation workers brought over from India by the British. The Tamil population today is concentrated in the northern part of Sri Lanka, especially the Jaffa peninsula. The Tamil homeland, a state on the eastern coast of south India. A violent separatist organization that operated on Sri Lanka's Jaffa peninsula from 1976 until their defeat in 2009. Their goal was to carve out an independent northern homeland for the Tamil population of Sri Lanka. The organization's official name was the LTTE, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam , "Eelam" being their name for Jaffa and "Tiger" symbolizing their opposition to the Sinhalese Lion. (1) An artificial lake, usually called a baray in Cambodia, constructed by earthenwork dams for use as a reservoir for irrigation during the dry season. The largest of them are huge enough that they could easily be mistaken for natural lakes. (2) A swimming-pool sized artificial bathing pond, constructed of stone and mortar and furnished with stepped sides, architectural detailing, inlets and outlets, drains, etc. Such tanks appear both in religious and in elite secular contexts, and were designed for aesthetics as well as functionality. The larger and more elaborate pleasure tanks were lined with pavilions, decorated with sculptures, and accessed by stairs leading down into the water. An unorthodox form of Hindu worship, involving acts and substances which are normally forbidden. Moralizing stories about animals, like Aesop's Fables in the West. (China) "Monster Mask," a motif of uncertain origin but possibly related to the kirtimukha or shamanism . See: Parts of a Taotie . The Vajrayana Buddhist goddess of compassion, born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara . Often paired with Bhrikuti (wisdom) on statues of Avalokiteshvara. White Tara is the passive form of this goddess; Green Tara is the active form. 19th-century and later funeral effigies of the Toraja people in Sulawesi. The statues are a late manifestation of Torajan "ancestor worship" (as it is usually called, although "ancestor reverence" would be a more accurate term.) Made of wood and traditionally clothed, tau-tau represent specific individuals, elite family members once known by name, who are buried in nearby cave loculi. Reference: Patrick Blanche, The Tau-Tau of the Toraja . An architectural figure that supports a superstructure. In India and Southeast Asia, these are squatting dwarves; in Greece, they are classical Atlases or caryatids. The sacred precinct in which a temple is located. The home of a god. In ancient cult, the god (in the form of his statue) was literally awakened in the morning, bathed, clothed, fed, and put to sleep at night by the temple priests. In Asia, the most important part of a temple is the sanctuary, which includes both the garbhagriha (shrine that houses the main image of the god) and the sikhara (tower that is built over the shrine). The sikhara symbolizes Mt. Meru, the home of the gods (like Mt. Olympus in ancient Greece). Usually, a mandapa (entrance hall) provides access to the shrine. In some temples an antechamber, called the antarala, is built between the mandapa and the garbhagriha. Most temples in Southeast Asia face East, towards the rising sun. Exceptions include: Angkor Wat (W) , Phimai (SE) , Preah Pithu (W), Preah Vihear (N), Preah Khan (W) A Tibetan Buddhist cloth painting that can represent deities, mandalas, lineage masters, etc. A classical performance venue. Parts of a Roman theatre include: the cavea, or seating area; an orchestra, the semicircular area between the cavea and the stage; and the scenae frons, or stage backdrop. Horizontal aisles called diazomata divided the cavea into upper and lower sections. The audience entered and exited through parodoi, vaulted passageways leading to the orchestra floor on either side of the stage. Smaller tunnels, called vomitoria, debouched on the upper rows of seats. The scenae frons was a brick construction, two or three stories high, with three doors at stage level through which the actors made their entrances and exits. It was furnished with statuary niches, and brightly decorated in colored stone, marble, and plaster. A composite being with a human body and an animal's head, or sometimes vice-versa. Examples from Europe include the minotaur (man's body, bull's head) and the harpy (bird's body, woman's head); from Babylonia, the lamassu (bull's body, man's head); in ancient Egypt, almost every god in the pantheon (except for Ptah and Osiris, who were mummiform humans); in India, the avatars of Vishnu like Varaha (man-boar), Narasimha (man-lion), etc., and the nagarajas. In China, the only theriomorphs were the very early snake-bodied gods (Fuxi and Wenla) and - most often - simply humans who reincarnated as animals. A building with a circular floor plan. A representation in art of many small Buddha images together, signifying the Buddha's omnipresence to all believers in all places and times. The motif may also refer to the Miracle at Sravasti , when Buddha multiplied himself in order to confound his opponents. A trio of important Korean folk deities, usually found together in temples: the Big Dipper (Chilseong), the Hermit Sage (Deokseong), and the Mountain God (Sansin). The Big Dipper God bestows longevity, while the Hermit Sage - an old man with a white beard and long eyebrows - looks after the elderly. The Mountain God is always accompanied by his tiger. He is a local god, assisting those who visit or live upon his mountain. Korean temples may have separate halls dedicated to each god, or a single hall (called Samseonggak, meaning Three Sages Shrine) that is dedicated to all three. The Three Star Gods , i.e. the Three Lucky Gods of China, are Fu Xing (good fortune, Jupiter); Lu Xing (prosperity, Zeta Ursa Majoris); and Shou Xing (longevity, Canopus). These Daoist folk gods - often called simply "Fu Lu Shou" - date back to the Ming Dynasty, and are still popular today. A Huayan Buddhist triad with Vairocana , Manjusri , and Samantabhadra . (China; also bixie, or pixiu) A mythological winged lion. Stone statues of tianlu were deployed in pairs to guard a tomb. They are sometimes called "chimeras," although they have no connection to the Western chimera. Tianlu means "heaven's blessing," Bixie means "averting evil," and Pixiu is the ninth Son of the Dragon. Some scholars distinguish these terms in various ways (e.g., tianlu = one horn, bixie = two horns), but usage is inconsistent. The winged lion, a common artistic motif in Eurasia, is often said to have been introduced to China across its western border during the Han dynasty. However, the form actually appears in China as early as the Eastern Zhou: for example, in the late 4th century BC, bronze winged beasts from the Zhongshan tombs in Hebei province. References: (1) R. L. Thorp, Son Of Heaven , pp. 134 and 186-7; (2) Li Ling, The Lion in Cultural Exchange Between China and the West ; (3) Catherine Dzalba-Lyndis, Les "Bixie" monumentaux des Han Orientaux . A 3x3 subdivision of the visual plane that provides a framework for the aesthetic and conceptual design of some ancient art. There are examples from cultures as diverse as China and Rome . Don't confuse this, though, with the modern rule of thirds that is used in photography. The rule of thirds focuses on the intersection points of tic-tac-toe lines, whereas the older 3x3 organization is based upon the cells that are bounded by those lines. The symbolic marks of Vishnu or Shiva, respectively. Any space-filling, geometric pattern. Tilings of the plane were especially important in Islamic art, where figural representation was deprecated. A unique framework of columns and beams that supports traditional Chinese wooden buildings. See also dougong . (Pronounced "teer-TAHNK-uh-ruh") A savior in the Jain religion. The word means "ford maker," one who has found the way to cross over into spiritual perfection. In the Jain tradition there are 24 tirthankaras, but only the last (Mahavira) is a historical figure. A partial list is provided below: #1. Adinath, a legendary culture hero who tought men the Jain religion and the arts of civilization. His symbol is the bull. #1a. Gommateshvara, the son of Adinath, is an important Jain saint but not a tirthankara. #8. Chandraprabha is an ascetic whose symbol is the moon. #16. Shantinath's name means "Lord Peace." His symbol is an antelope or deer. #22. Neminath is associated with Krishna. His symbol is a conch shell. #23. Parshvanath is protected by a multi-headed cobra. Some people think that Parshvanath may have lived in the 8th century BC and that he may have founded a precursor sect whose doctrines were adopted by Mahavira. #24. Mahavira, the historical founder of the Jain religion. Mahavira (599-527 BC) was an older contemporary of Buddha, and his career parallels that of the Buddha in many respects. His symbol is the lion. (Japan) A large alcove in a shoin interior, where painting, calligraphy, or a flower arrangement could be displayed. A free-standing ceremonial gateway; originally, a gateway with posts and crosspieces, sometimes elaborately decorated and carved, in front of a Buddhist stupa. Surviving toranas are made of stone, in imitation of earlier wooden architecture. (Japan) A shrine gate. Its basic form consists of a curved crosspiece that spans two uprights. This word, like all Japanese nouns, is both singular and plural: one torii, two torii. (1) The cosmological tortoise symbolizes strength and longevity, supports the world upon its mighty shell, participates in the Dark Warrior constellation, and upholds the Emperor's proclamations. (2) In tantri folklore, a turtle escapes its hunters by gripping a stick that is carried away by birds. In some versions the escape is successful, in other versions the foolish turtle lets go of the stick. A tapering quadrilateral, important as a window void in early stone architecture. Examples: Basta , Ayutthaya . The home of the gods on Mount Meru. Also called "The Heaven of the Thirty-three Gods." Here Buddha preached a sermon to his reborn mother and to the gods, after which he descended again to earth, accompanied by Brahma and Indra. In depictions of this scene, Brahma (four heads, hair piled up, holding a parasol over the Buddha) is on the viewer's left; Indra (one head, wearing a crown) is on the viewer's right. Many variations are possible: the positions of Brahma and Indra may be reversed, Indra may hold the parasol, and one or both deities' attributes or headgear may be omitted or altered. (Angkor) Sooner or later - in the absence of intervention - the jungle covers all, as seen both in Mesoamerica and, more to our purposes here, at Angkor, where encroaching trees have sunk their aerial roots deep into the stones of the temples. By now, they are often the only things holding the temples up; but when they die, the temples will fall down. (1) A Buddhist sculptural group of three figures that consists of a Buddha in the center, flanked by two Bodhisattvas. (2) A Hindu sculptural group of three figures that consists of a god in the center, flanked by two consorts. (3) An Egyptian sculptural group of three figures that consists of a pharaoh in the center, flanked by two nome deities. In Asian art, a standing posture in which the figure is oppositely curved at waist and neck to form a gentle "S" shape. A Roman dining room with three benches. A Daoist three-line diagram that consists of any combination of yin (broken) and yang (solid) lines, used in divination and the I Ching. (1) Any triple form (tri-murti) of a Hindu god or goddess. (2) The Hindu Trinity, that consists of three Great Gods: Vishnu as Preserver, Shiva as Destroyer, and Brahma as Creator. Vishnu's color is black/blue, symbolizing the fertile earth; Shiva's is white, symbolizing the cremation grounds, or black, symbolizing his earlier role as a forest deity; Brahma's is red, the color of fire. The Buddhist scriptures (sutras and commentaries), as known from various collections such as the Pali Canon. The Korean Tripitaka was first carved in 1087, destroyed in the Mongol invasion of 1232, and recarved in 1236-1251. It consists of over 80,000 large wooden printing blocks of double folio size (about 27 1/2 x 9 1/2 in.) It was used as the reference version for China's Buddhist canon and is currently housed in Haeinsa temple , Gyeongsangnam province. The Buddhist "Three Jewels:" Dharma , Buddha , and Sangha . (1) Poseidon's spear. (2) Shiva's trident. (3) The Buddhist triratna . An ethnic masked dance that impersonates Oni and other folkloric creatures. Performed from Kamakura times onward. See: tortoise . A type of elite burial that consists of a large circular earthen mound above an underground pit or chamber. This form of burial seems to have originated in Mongolia, from where it spread directly to Korea, China, India (the stupa ), and Japan (the kofun , via Korea). The area between an arch and its lintel . (Thailand) The main temple building that is used for sermons, ordinations, and other monastic services, and that contains the temple's principal Buddha statue. Hindu religious and philosophical writings, from about 700 BC. The Upanishads introduce the idea of a world-soul ( Brahman ), a personal soul ("Atman"), and the ultimate identity of the two. (Sri Lanka) The Sinhalese name of Vishnu , one of the Four Guardians of Sri Lanka. 1. (Political usurpation) Taking another's rulership as one's own. 2. (Usurpation of monuments) Taking another's monuments as one's own. 3. (Religious usurpation) Taking another's gods as one's own. For example, in ancient Mesopotamia, a conqueror would physically carry off the gods from the city he conquered back to his home city, thereby transferring the protection of those gods to himself and withdrawing their protection from the city he conquered. (Sri Lanka) Buddhist shrines or entrance gates that are placed at the four cardinal points (i.e. north, south, east, and west) of a stupa. The word is usually pronounced, and often spelled, as "wahalkada." (Also "vehicle," or "mount") The symbolic animal on which a god rides. The highest deity in the Huayan (Kegon) school of Buddhism. According to this esoteric school, all the universes and Buddhas emanate from Vairocana. The god is often depicted in a triad, called the Three Worthies , with Manjusri and Samantabhadra . Chief of the four Heavenly Kings and Guardian of the North direction; a form of Kubera . (Skt.; Jp. Kongo) "Thunderbolt," an attribute of several Hindu and Buddhist divinities (Bodhisattvas, Dvarapalas, etc.) that symbolizes power and strength. "Vajra Bearer," the Bodhisattva of Power. Vajrapani is depicted holding a vajra and, as Mahasthamaprapta, riding an elephant. Vajrapani was originally Indra, the Vedic sky-god who also wields a thunderbolt and rides an elephant. (1) In early Mahayana Buddhism, e.g. at Ajanta, Vajrapani was paired with Padmapani ("Lotus Bearer.") (2) In Vajrayana Buddhism, Vajrapani was identified as Mahasthamaprapta ("Strong as an Elephant.") (3) Dvarapalas, who guard the Buddhist temple gates, are sometimes also called vajrapanis when holding the thunderbolt. One of the Dikpalas , the guardian of the west. Varuna is the Hindu god of the ocean. He holds a lasso and rides a makara . "Wealth-giver," the Nepalese Buddhist counterpart of Sri Lakshmi . Her attributes include a spray of jewels and sheaf of grain. A naga king who allowed himself to be used as the "rope" in the Churning of the Sea of Milk. A circular Buddhist temple from ancient or medieval Sri Lanka, with roof and columned walkway, that enclosed a small dagoba with Buddha images at the four cardinal points. Vayu, one of the Dikpalas who is guardian of the northwest direction, is the Hindu god of the wind. He holds a banner and rides an antelope. The original scriptures of India, such as the Rig Veda (ca. 1200 BC), that describe the early Hindu gods: Agni, Surya, Indra, etc. (Also spelled "Veddas.") Aboriginal inhabitants (Austronesians) of Sri Lanka. A small number of Veddhas remain on the island today, where they live in a handful of villages and attempt to maintain their traditional lifestyle. For more information, see vedda.org (an advocacy website), or Wikipedia . (India) The railing that surrounds a Buddhist stupa. Before the advent of air conditioning, the walls of any multi-story building had to provide sufficient openings for ventilation and light, yet also had to be thick enough to support the upper levels. Solutions, in Mughal India, included wind towers and water curtains. (Sri Lanka) A traditional style of Kandyan dance. Ravana's "good" brother in the Ramayana ; one of the Four Guardians of Sri Lanka. "Wisdom-bearer," a small figure who carries a garland and flies above the head of a god. The garland symbolizes the god's attainment of supreme spiritual wisdom. " Wisdom-king, " any of several esoteric deities who are fierce protectors of Buddhism. A Buddhist monastery. Some viharas in Asia were caves (excavated, modified, or natural). The floor plan of cave-viharas consisted of a large central open area for communal activities, surrounded by small individual side-chambers where the monks could sleep. Other viharas were built structures, with a variety of arrangements and floor plans. In SE Asia, an "image hall" -- any temple building that houses a significant Buddha image for worship. "City of Victory," the capital of a large and powerful Hindu empire in the Deccan between the 14th and 16th centuries. A Buddhist layman who debated on equal terms with the Bodhisattva Manjusri , in order to show that all beings have the potential for enlightenment. The sanctuary of a South Indian temple, ie, the building that contains the cult image. A musical instrument whose strings are carried over a long neck, with resonating gourds on either end. It is an attribute of Sarasvati , of various surasundaris , and of one form of Shiva . (Vaishnava, adjective.) A solar deity, one of three great gods in India, the other two being Shiva and Devi . Vishnu upholds cosmic law and righteousness through many incarnations , in order to protect mankind from disorder and chaos. His attributes include the chakra (a disk or wheel that is both a weapon and a sun symbol), conch (blown before battle), orb (symbolizing the earth), and club. He rides Garuda , a bird-man who is the enemy of snakes and is usually depicted grasping them in his claws. See also: Ananta , and Avatar . The Dutch East Indies Company, Vereenigde Oost Indische Compagnie. A thank-you offering to a temple, donated by a petitioner whose prayer had been answered. Typically this was a small ceramic figurine, that was sold by the temple to a happy customer, who immediatedly donated it back to the temple; they got him coming and going. Votive offerings are a cultural universal, although not always recognized as such; they are attested just about everywhere in the world. The vyala (N. India), or yali (S. India) is an imaginary, lion-like beast symbolic of the human passions. (1) The cobra, symbol of Lower Egypt. (2) The Eye of Horus, symbol of the Sun. (Pronounced "vaht.") A walled monastic complex in Southeast Asia that typically contains shrines, temples, chedis , and other monastic and religious buildings. Usually there is a surrounding cloister with sculptures of the seated Buddha, bas-reliefs (as at Angkor Wat), or paintings (as at Wat Phra Kaeo). The principal shrine is typically surmounted by a prang and represents Mount Meru , the traditional home of the gods. Southeast Asia today is mostly Buddhist. Historically, though, wats can be Hindu, Buddhist, or both (!) In Buddhist wats, chedis entomb relics of the founder, his family, Buddha, or other revered persons. The principal Buddha image is located in the ubosot , the main hall of the temple for group activities like assemblies, lectures, etc. Additional Buddha images, for devotional worship, are housed in the temple's viharn ("image halls"). Libraries contain either copies of the scriptures and monastic texts, or other paraphernalia, and there are separate buildings for dining, sleeping, administration, etc. Royal wats, which are private temples for the use of the royal family, do not have a resident community of monks, but otherwise follow the above pattern. Access to water is essential to life itself, and so the control of water has imposed itself upon every civilization on earth: Egypt, the "gift of the Nile;" in Africa, the precious wells of the Sahara; the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia; hydraulic civilizations in Mesopotamia and SE Asia; the floods and canals of China; and the tanks of India. Besides the natural features of lakes, rivers, and oceans, we would all do well to look for "water works" - the human engineering of dams, canals, reservoirs, sewers, aqueducts, wells, and channels - as we consider the layout of ancient sites. The premier Indonesian theatrical form. Wayang Kulit, the shadow-puppet. Wayang Golek, the stick puppet. Wayang Gedong, a masked dance. See: Wikipedia article , and Music and Dance on this site. The line-up of ceramic animals (zoomorphs) on the corner eaves of a Chinese palace roof. The number of animals determines the rank of the building. They are apotropaic , protecting against fire and other disasters. The weather gods - deities of wind and rain, of thunder and lightning - are crucial for agriculture. In Japan, they are known as Fujin and Raijin. Related deities and motifs include nagas , monsoons , Lakshmi , China's storm gods, and dragons . (Sri Lanka) A water reservoir ( "tank" ). Usually pronounced, and sometimes spelled, as vava. An entertainment that is frequently portrayed in the art of Eurasia, from China and Japan all the way across to Greece and Rome. The Queen Mother of the West, an early Chinese goddess. The Chinese unicorn, representing justice. The 7th-century Chinese Buddhist monk (see Wikipedia article ) whose travels to India inspired the classic novel Journey To The West. (Yaksha, male; yakshi, female.) An auspicious nature spirit, guardian of wealth and symbolic of fertility and abundance. The Japanese Buddha of Healing or "Medicine Buddha" ( Bhaisajyaguru ) The Lord of Hell and directional guardian of the south, multi-armed and holding a club. His mount is the buffalo. A fierce form of Manjusri , in Tibetan Buddhism The traditional aristocratic and governing class of Korea during the Joseon dynasty. A closed Confucian group that was defined by ancient heredity and lineage, they were usually successful in maintaining their status and power against kings and commoners alike. Yangban were recruited into government service by an examination system that provided for various levels of scholar/officials, like China's literati. The word "yangban" literally means "two branches," referring to parallel but unequal civil and military elites; the civilian branch was always the strongest, like the concept of "civilian rule" in the U.S. A mystical diagram used in ritual or meditation. cf mandala , mantra . The mast, or pole, that sits on top of a stupa . The Gelugpa sect of Tibetan Buddhism , founded in the late 14th century by Tsongkhapa (1357-1419). The Dalai and Panchen Lamas are members of this sect. A fundamental duality in philosophical Daoism as expressed in trigrams , the taijitu symbol, etc. Yin is feminine, dark, cold, water, and north; yang is masculine, light, heat, fire, and south. The dragon is the ultimate yin animal, and the tiger is the ultimate yang animal. Yin/yang duality is a dynamic and generative balance, rather than a static opposition; the two qualities interpenetrate within the world of phenomena. A system of physical and mental exercises designed to lead to spiritual realization. A male who practices yoga. (1) A female who practices yoga. (2) In Tantra , an independent goddess who manifests the shakti of her male counterpart. The vagina, the female generative organ. Most usually displayed, in the sculpture of India, as the base of Shiva's linga . (Japan) A kind of statue-making in which the statue is assembled from separate hollowed-out blocks of wood. The Western frontier province of China, a tourist destination that combines the Chinese pipeline of gas and electriticy through Burma and down to the Indian Ocean, in the spirit of America's "wild west." (Japan; "Chan" in China) A form of Buddhism that originated in China and that emphasizes meditation, paradox, and sudden enlightenment. The separate women's quarters of a mosque or palace. In a palace, the word means the same as harem. ("Qin" in China, "Koto" in Japan) A family of stringed musical instruments. The strings are carried over a plank-like soundboard, and played by plucking with the fingers. Twelve constellations that are arranged along the ecliptic, that is, the path of the sun through the heavens in the course of one year. See Wikipedia for more information about this. An artifact that is shaped like an animal. See also wenshou .

Minotaur

In Greek mythology, who was the goddess of the rainbow?

Glossary of Asian Art Every culture must find a way to reconcile the polar opposites – male/female, good/bad, sky/earth, birth/death – that are characteristic of the human condition. Additive or non-dualistic cultures (Asian) accept such contradictions as imperfectly perceived parts of a greater unity: both/and, rather than either/or. Dualistic cultures (European) reject contradiction and spend enormous effort to resolve it. Ancient Egypt is uniquely a bit of both, since it accepts contradictions (additive, like the East) but also holds them in tension (dualistic, like the West). Everyone who was anyone, in the ancient world, wanted to have a good afterlife. Elites were buried with their favorite and most precious objects: weapons and pots, ceramics and bronzes, bangles, jewels, figurines, animals, and human sacrifices. This is a cultural universal, that is attested in all times and all places. Tomb walls, for those who could afford it, would be decorated with painted scenes depicting the honors of the deceased in life, and his hoped-for activities in the afterlife. For Chinese grave goods in particular, see: mingqi . Agastya, who is worshiped as an avatar of Shiva , was a legendary guru who spread the worship of Shiva throughout India. His attributes include a pot belly, a beard, and a water bottle. The Vedic god of fire, and directional guardian of the southeast. He holds an offering spoon and rides a ram. Additional attributes may include a beard, a staff, a water jar, and prayer beads. The popular center (Greek agora, Roman forum) of a classical city; its chief market and gathering place. (Also Erawan) The three-headed elephant upon which Indra rides. The third Mughal Emperor , known for his religious tolerance and the cultural brilliance of his reign. An ornament on the ridge of a roof. The Indonesian warrior ideal of imperturbability, that is similar to the Greek sophrosyne . The ribbed disk at the top of a shikhara . "Mother," one of the forms of Devi . A type of early Christian pulpit, that was accessed by a triangular flight of stairs, the prototype of the Islamic minbar . Amitabha, or Amida in Japan, is the Buddha of the Western Pure Land. He is associated with Avalokiteshvara and is easy to worship: just call on his name, and you will be reborn on top of a lotus in the Western Paradise. The cult of Amida supplied a practicable route to salvation for all, becoming especially popular in Japan from the 11th century onwards. A group of five Buddhist deities with Amida at the center. From left to right, the figures are: Guanyin , a disciple, Amida , another disciple, and Mahasthamaprapta . See also: Table Of Buddhist Deities . The Buddha of Longevity, a form of Amitabha . (Indonesia) A culturally-defined state of murderous rage. (Egypt) Originally a local god of Thebes, Amun became the chief god of Egypt during the New Kingdom, when his priesthood achieved a great measure of political power and religious control vis-a-vis the temples of Egypt's many other gods. His name means "Hidden," referring to the wind or air. Ananta, also known as Shesha, is the cosmic serpent on which Vishnu sleeps, sits, or reclines (Anantashayana/Anantasayin), as he dreams the universe into existence. Shesha, "The One Who Remains," personifies the primordial substance out of which the universe is formed, that continues to exist when the universe ends, and that fuels the start of the next cosmic cycle. He is called Ananta, or "Endless," because the primordium is eternal and the cycle of cosmic birth and death repeats forever. A disciplined process, pioneered by Dutch archaeologists in the early 20th century, of rebuilding the ruined stone and brick temples of India and Southeast Asia. It consists of the following steps: (1) The location of every existing block is carefully recorded. (2) The remains of the temple are disassembled, block by block. (3) The temple is then rebuilt, using knowledge preserved by the previous steps. (4) During reconstruction, any missing pieces are substituted by blank stones, and the entire structure is made architecturally sound and stable. A classical bracket that is shaped like a scroll. The bell-shaped or dome-shaped body of a stupa . A demon slain by Shiva . Born from a drop of Shiva's sweat, Andhaka conceived an unnatural lust for his mother Parvati , which accounts for Shiva's ferocious antagonism. Andhaka is usually shown, either impaled on Shiva's trident, or in skeletal form as Bhringi after submitting to Shiva, who had drained his blood during the conflict. Another demon, named Nila , was a friend of Andhaka. Nila took the form of an elephant and attacked Shiva during the fight, but was killed by one of Shiva's attendants. Two representations of Shiva from this battle, often combined, are Shiva Andhakasuravadha (impaling Andhaka) and Shiva Gajasamharara (dancing on Nila's decapitated head, or underneath his butchered skin). Shiva fought a different battle with another of Parvati's sons, Ganesha , who had blocked Shiva's access to Parvati's bedchamber. Shiva beheaded Ganesha, and subsequently replaced his head with that of an elephant. Both stories seem to reflect a primal tradition where Shiva competes with a son or stepson for Parvati's favor. The elephant in these stories may symbolize the force of unrestrained passion. (aniconic, adjective) The representation of divine beings in non-figural form, such as Shiva's linga , Vishnu's saligrama , or Buddha's footprint . Asian and European religious art overwhelmingly prefers the iconic image, while aniconism is dominant in the Middle Eastern art of the Nabataeans, Jews, and Muslims. Nature-worship, the earliest expression of human spirituality, that also includes ancestor cult, shamanism, trance, spirit worship, totemism, and the genius loci . The first human beings lived in awe of nature - the earth and the sky, the mountains and stones, the woodlands and rivers, the storms, rain, and floods, the waterfalls and glens and meadows, and the plants and animals on which their lives depended. Animists consider the natural world to be populated by spirits who are alive and who can be encountered by shamans for the benefit of the community. (Egypt) A ubiquitous hieroglyph meaning "Life." See Wikipedia for more information. A small vertical member that is placed upon the corners of a roof in order to complete its profile. Turning away evil, as Bes , the Kala , the Chinthe , the Dvarapala , and similar guardian figures. Celestial dancers, the wives of the gandharvas (celestial musicians.) Apsarasas are the beautiful maidens who delight the inhabitants of paradise. In Asia, the celestial realms were conceived of as analogous to earthly courts with palaces, gardens, kings and nobles, dancers, and musicians. In southeast Asia, from around the time of Angkor Wat, relief carvings of apsarasas took on special importance in temple decoration. A "U" shaped chamber. In India this shape is called gajaprstika , which literally means an elephant's backside. In Roman architecture, it is a semi-circular domed recess that contained sculptures, fountains, or just space for conversations. In church architecture, an apse originally held the bishop's seat at the head of the nave, then later the altar. Side-chapels off the nave, when present, are often apsidal in shape. See also: basilica . The curved upper part of an opening, such as a window or door. It has the shape of a rainbow, with its feet in the earth and its head in the sky: Gateway Arch (St. Louis) , Roman Arch , Gothic Arch , Venetian Arch (San Marco) . Structural arches physically support the weight above their opening. When a structural arch is extended in depth, it becomes a vault (ceiling). The lintel is not technically considered to be an arch, because it is straight rather than curved. Often a non-structural arch is applied as decoration above a lintel. Relieving arches are structural arches, without an opening beneath, that are deployed to deflect weight from the upper courses of the building. See also: corbeled arch . The true (curved) arch developed along a wide gradient from Roman Europe through Iran, India, and SE Asia; the lintel, a much earlier form, is found exclusively in Neolithic Europe, the Americas, and East Asia (China-Korea-Japan); it coexists along with the true arch in transitional areas such as India and SE Asia. A named early period of art history, or an object or characteristic from such a period (e.g., Archaic smile ). An object whose form or decoration imitates the style of a much earlier artifact. A contemporaneous image in relief of an architectural building. These images are especially valuable since they record, with allowances for artistic license and fantasy, how the buildings may have actually looked in ancient times. In Indian architecture, the crossbeam of a torana . In Classical architecture, the lowest course of an entablature . See also: beam and lintel . Architraves, beams, and lintels are spanning elements that are carried directly on columns. Architraves are visual parts of the building's facade. Beams are structural parts of the building itself. Lintels span the top of a deliberate opening, such as a window or door, in the building's fabric. A form of Shiva that is half male, half female. See: Shiva Ardhanarishvara . A warlike, nomadic people from the steppes of the Caucasus who are variously said to have influenced, migrated into, invaded, or even colonized northern India, Europe, and the Middle East in the 2d millennium BC. This topic is very controversial. An Aryan cultural contribution to India is confirmed by linguistic (pater=pitar) as well as theological (Zeus=Indra) evidence, and of course Sanskrit is an Indo-European language. However an Aryan physical presence in India, although inferrable from the Vedas with their numerous accounts of warlike invaders, has not been confirmed by archaeological studies. See: Doniger , Chapter 4, pp. 85-102, and the Table of Eurasian Deities on this website. Buddhist emperor of India (273-232 BC) and patron of Sanchi . Ashoka is the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya . The sprinkling of holy water in church ritual. A depiction of the night-time sky, with stars and constellations, on the domed ceilings of certain tombs in Egypt and Asia. About 25 astronomical ceilings, all from the Three Kingdoms period (ca. 400 AD), are known in Korea. Their decoration includes symbolic and mythological figures from Korean and Chinese lore. The Hindu gods who wound up on the losing side of the Churning of the Sea of Milk. Asuras fought against the Devas and lost, very much like the Giants who fought and lost against the Greek gods. That is not surprising, because India and Greece were culturally connected on the opposite sides of the Indo-European diaspora. (Egypt) The feathered crown of Osiris. (Egypt) The sun disk and sole god of Egypt under Akhenaten . Religiously speaking, it may be better to consider the Aten as "the light of the sun," rather than the physical disk. A figure that offers protection, like Bes of the ancient Egyptians or the Kala of India. An item that is associated with a deity, carried or worn on its person, and serves to identify it and to symbolize some aspect of its power. For example, Shiva's trident , or Vishnu's discus . (Guanyin in China, Kannon in Japan) The Bodhisattva of Compassion. Avalokiteshvara is a Mahayana Buddhist savior associated with Amitahba , the Buddha of the West, with whom he often appears in triad alongside Mahasthamaprapta . Images of Avalokiteshvara can usually be identified by a small figure of seated Amitabha in the Bodhisattva's crown. His other attributes include a vase and a lotus. Avalokiteshvara was originally male in India, but became female (Guanyin in China, Kannon in Japan) during the Tang dynasty and later. Some of Guanyin/Avalokiteshvara's forms include: An incarnation of Vishnu , in the form of a savior of mankind. There are ten major and countless minor avatars. Their names can vary somewhat, but one standard list includes, in chronological order: A fish who pulled the ark of Manu during the Great Flood. A tortoise who supported the mountain used to churn the Ocean of Milk. A boar who saved the Earth from the Great Flood. A man-lion who defeated a demon named Hiranyakasipu. A dwarf who won back the universe from King Bali by transforming into Trivikrama and then crossing the universe in three giant steps. "Rama with an axe," a brahmin (priest) who fought and defeated a hostile clan of kshatryas (warriors). The hero of the Ramayana A god-man who is fervently worshiped. Growing up as a mischievous boy among the gopis (milkmaids), he defeated numerous enemies, became Arjuna's charioteer in the Bhagavad-Gita, and was eventually killed by a hunter who mistook him for a deer. A "false incarnation" who led the Hindu faithful astray. A final incarnation who will appear at the end of the present epoch to lead mankind into a new Golden Age. (1) Axial Age: the first millennium BC . (2) Any temple complex whose approach is laid out upon a directional axis. The ancient Egyptians, like the Chinese , believed in more than one kind of soul. To the Egyptians , these souls were fragments of the personality that were integrated in life, separated in death, and reintegrated after death to form a "blessed akh" or resurrected person in the afterworld. The Egyptian ka, or physical soul, was represented as a "ka statue" within the tomb; it sustained the afterlife of the deceased by receiving food-offerings. The spiritual soul, or ba, was represented as a bird in Egyptian art. It was able to move freely in the physical world outside the tomb, like the small birds that can be seen flitting about the necropolis. When reunited after death, the ba and ka resurrected as an akh to enjoy their afterlife in the fields of the blessed dead. (Arabic: also betyl, pronounced "beetle":) A sacred standing stone ("god block") that represents a divinity. Schematic indications of eyes, nose, and sometimes mouth may be carved on the face of the block. A roof that is curved to resemble a hut. (Khmer; pronounced "bar-EYE") A very large, rectangular, shallow excavated reservoir for holding and releasing water. A baray such as the middle baray at Wat Phu might be 200m x 600m (600' x 1800') in length and width, but only about 5m (15') deep. Khmer Barays had multiple functions - religious, as symbolic of the oceans surrounding Mt. Meru; economic, as the source of irrigation water during the dry season; and political, as monumental demonstrations of the power of the Khmer kings. See also: tank . The lion-like creature of good who dances against the evil witch Rangda in an Indonesian performance. A roof or ceiling that looks like a semi-circular arch in cross section. The Sanskrit term is shala . Originally a law court in the later Roman Empire, the basilica was adopted as the architectural form of early Christian churches. It consists of a long nave with columned aisles on either side, preceded by a narthex and terminated by a semicircular apse ( plan ). The altar is placed in the apse, which usually faces east. A wax-resist cloth that is woven in Indonesia. See, for example: Batik, the Traditional Fabric of Indonesia . The basic rectangular unit of a Chinese floor plan, as defined by the columns supporting the roof. Individual buildings like houses, temples, and palaces consisted of an odd number of bays (three, five, seven, etc.); the more bays, the more important the building. A cross-member that supports the roof of a building. (1) Traditional Asian bells are clapperless. They are made out of bronze, and produce their tone(s) by being struck on the side with a mallet or pole. Sets of suspended bells, called bianzhong , were paired with sets of suspended stone chimes and used in ritual and court music in ancient times. (2) Any bell-shaped part of a stupa or other building. A kind of "jingle bell" rattle that was used as part of a shaman's kit. The bell and drum towers (separate buildings) were prominent features of any sizeable Chinese city. The bell sounded every morning to announce the beginning of the official day. When evening fell, the booming drum announced the curfew. A popular god of protection in ancient Egypt, with the head of a lion and the body of a dwarf. The "Song of God," a devotional hymn to Krishna in the Mahabharata . Shiva in the form of "The Enchanting Mendicant," a wandering ascetic. Encountering a group of forest-dwelling Brahmins, he made love to their wives, and quarreled fiercely with the husbands. The quarrel was settled when he threw down his lingam onto the ground and made them worship it. In this form Shiva is naked, with a snake around his hips and sandals on his feet (the only representation in Hindu art of a god wearing sandals). The form is often amalgamated to Bhairava , in which case he is given Bhairava's attributes in addition to his own. A hero of the Mahabharata . Bhima was the second of the five Pandava brothers, the largest and strongest. His stories are especially popular in Indonesia. The gesture of Buddha's "calling the Earth to witness," pointing or touching the ground to prove his right to Buddhahood. In response, Bu Devi (the Earth goddess) confirms Buddha's past meritorious lives, by wringing out her hair at the Buddha's feet. From her hair pours a flood of sacred waters, every drop symbolizing a deed of merit performed in his previous incarnations. (China; pronounced "bee") A flattened disk made of jade or stone with a circular hole in the middle. Bi are found in great quantities in elite burials from the Neolithic period onwards. They were used as personal ornaments in life, and, presumably, as offerings to Heaven in death (according to the "heaven is round" principle). A Roman dining room with two benches. See tianlu The species of tree (ficus religiosa) that sheltered the Buddha while he was meditating. Cuttings of the original tree were, it is said, propagated to Sri Lanka in early times, and later re-propagated back to India. Monasteries in Lanka plant a bo tree in their main courtyard, where it symbolizes the Buddha's enlightenment. In Mahayana Buddhism, an enlightened being who postpones entry into Nirvana in order to help others achieve salvation. The Bodhisattva ideal eventually developed into a profusion of supernatural intermediaries between the Buddhas and ordinary people, very much like the Christian saints. Theologically these spiritual beings represented individual characteristics of the Buddhas like wisdom, compassion, power, and so on. In terms of practical worship they represented saviors that were more approachable to ordinary laymen than the remote and perfected Buddhas. Because Bodhisattvas are still in the world, they are often portrayed with princely garments, jewelry, and elaborate coiffure. Different Bodhisattvas are emphasized in different traditions. They are generally divided into Bodhisattvas of Wisdom and Bodhisattvas of Compassion, since the two together make up the essence of a Buddha. Various traditions say different things about the same Bodhisattva, and the same thing about different Bodhisattvas. Bodhisattvas mentioned in the text include: Avalokiteshvara , the Bodhisattva of Compassion. Ksitigarbha , the Bodhisattva of Deliverance. Mahasthamaprapta , the Bodhisattva of Power. Maitreya , the Buddha of the Future. Manjusri , the Bodhisattva of Wisdom. Padmapani , "Lotus Bearer" - a form of Avalokiteshvara. Samantabhadra , the Bodhisattva of Meditation. Vajrapani , "Vajra Bearer" - a form of Mahasthamaprapta. The native Tibetan animist and shaman religion, which influenced Tibetan Buddhist forms of worship and iconography. (Korea) A classification of Silla aristocracy into five hereditary ranks, according to their degree of royal descent. Sacred bone (seonggol) was the highest rank. The Silla rulers originally came from this rank, but it died out after 654 due to a lack of heirs. Thereafter the rulers came from true bone (jingol), the second highest rank. (Thailand) A temple building that is used for sermons, ordinations, and other monastic services, and may also house a Buddha image. (Roman world) The meeting-place of a city council. (2) An early Buddhist rock-cut worship chapel. In Buddhism, guardian divinities protect the triratna (Buddha-Dharma-Sangha) as well as physical places like temples, special locations, etc. These deities are naturally usurped from the Hindu pantheon, since early Buddhism did not have gods of its own. Important Buddhist guardians include two Guardians of the Door ( Dvarapala ), eight Guardians of the Law ( Dharmapala ), and four Directional Guardians ( Lokapala ). (Korea) A stone reliquary, in the shape of a small stupa, that holds the sarira of a monk. (Japan) A masked court dance with orchestra, performed from the early Heian through the Muromachi periods. The orchestra is loud and includes drums, reeds, and strings. (Japan) "Master Sculptor," a title. (Pronounced chahn'-dee) A Hindu or Buddhist stone monument (temple, shrine, or stupa) in Java. In Egyptian funerary practice, four organs were removed from the body, mummified, and stored in individual canopic jars. Each organ was protected for eternity by its own particular god (son of Horus) and goddess (Isis and her sisters). Organ Selket scorpion The brain was discarded as being of no value. The heart was considered to be the organ of thought in ancient Egypt and other cultures. It was preserved within the mummified body, where it was protected by a special amulet called the "heart scarab." An inflexible organization of Indian society by hereditary occupation. Introduced in the second millenium BC (by the Aryans , some say) this stratification persists down to the present day, in spite of legal prohibitions and the best efforts of modern India to eradicate it. There are four castes, in descending order: brahmins (priests), kshatriyas (warriors), vaishyas (farm owners, merchants, artisans), and shudras (menials, laborers, serfs). Below even the shudras are the untouchables, a group so low that they are completely outside the caste system: they include aboriginies, Western tourists, and ritually polluted workers such as street-sweepers, tanners, and corpse-handlers. Medieval castles were created for defense, but their interior spaces had also to be liveable and provide for the circulation of light, water, and air. It is a fascinating tradeoff, that replays close study even today. Armored horsemen, for example, in the Byzantine cavalry or the Three Kingdoms era in Korea. A type of Chinese or Korean porcelain that is coated with a distinctive grey-green, high-fired, earthenware glaze. It is chiefly associated with the Song dynasty in China, and the Koryo dynasty in Korea. The inner chamber, or "holy of holies," of a temple, that contains the cult image of its god. (1) A mausoleum without a burial (literally, an "empty tomb.") (2) In Mughal burials, a surrogate tomb that is located above the real tomb in order to receive public visits. The ubiquitous ogee, circular/moon-shaped, or horseshoe-shaped arch,that decorates Indian temples and shrines. It is also called a gavaksha (or kudu, in Tamil) or a chandrashala. A chaitya is any sacred place - a tree, spring, etc. In Buddhism, stupas are chaityas, and a building containing a stupa (functioning as a shrine) is called a "chaitya hall." (1) "wheel," a solar symbol. (2) Vishnu's discus , a weapon. (3) A supposed center of psychic energy in the human body. An emanation of Durga . Chamunda, the most terrifying of the Seven Mothers , represents old age and death. The founder of the Mauryan Empire, who defeated the invasion of Alexander the Great and consolidated much of present-day India under his rule (322-293 BC). Espousing the Jain religion after a lifetime of warfare, Chandragupta starved himself to death in 293 BC. His career is paralleled by that of his Buddhist grandson Ashoka , who also repented (late in life) of his former warlike acts. A moon-shaped (chandra) chaitya arch . An honorific umbrella that is:     (1) held above the heads of kings and gods ( Return To Kapilavastu ), or     (3) mounted on the spire of a Buddhist stupa ( Plan And Elevation Of A Stupa ). The spire of a stupa. Originally it represented a tower of honorific umbrellas that sheltered the sacred enclosure ( harmika ). A fly-whisk held by attendants of a god or royal person. A stupa (Buddhist reliquary) in Southeast Asia. Chedi is the Thai word; zedi is Burmese. A Mughal angled roof eave. (1) A Mughal domed rooftop pavilion. (2) A memorial pavilion in chhatri style. (Japan) An alcove in a shoin interior, containing staggered shelves, where precious objects could be displayed. The general term for any fictional animal whose body is a composite of various parts of real animals. A lion-like creature that guards the entranceways to temples in SE Asia. In later Burma, the chinthe is often crowned and human-headed. An akroterion in the form of a dragon-like makara that bites the end of Chinese ridgepoles. Decorated doors in a shoin interior, originally leading to a bedchamber but no longer functional in the mature Shoin style. Portable bronze statues of the Hindu gods, made for temple worship during the Chola period (9th-13th centuries AD) in South India. Chola bronze-work is one of the great artistic traditions in India, and includes sculptures of Shiva Nataraja and many other divinities. A Tibetan stupa , characterized by a bud-shaped body that is supported by a rectangular base. A sculpted date, in which the digits have been replaced by symbols. A Hindu myth in which gods and demons cooperate to churn the primordial ocean, in order to produce amrita, the elixir of immortality. (Hindu or Buddhist) A wish-fulfilling jewel. A prehistoric burial within a lidded rectangular chamber made of stone slabs. This kind of burial is known across the Eurasian continent, from Europe to the Far East. A large bronze vessel, or a swimming-pool sized brick or stone reservoir, for collecting and storing water. A water-clock, that tells time by the steady dripping of water from a reservoir. It was invented by at least the 2d millennium BC in Egypt, the ancient Middle East, and Asia, and continuously developed until the beginning of the modern era in Europe. An upper-story window whose purpose is to let light and air into the building. A small column that is attached to a larger column or pillar. Ancient statues and monuments, in wood and marble, were brilliantly colored, in startling contrast to their washed-out appearance today. Modern techniques of pigment analysis and digital color restoration are beginning to virtually restore these ancient works to their original colorfulness. The results can seem unbelievably garish to modern viewers, but the ancient world, like our own, was a very colorful place. Examples range all the way from Greek marbles and Japanese statues , to Easter Island and even Van Gogh's paintings . An architectural supporting element that stands upright and is relatively slender in proportion to its length. Classical Greek columns are formally classified into Doric , Ionian, Corinthian, and composite orders. Egyptian columns are divided broadly into papyriform and lotiform types, with many subtypes and outliers. Papyrus is the canonical plant of Lower Egypt (the Nile Delta), as lotus is the canonical plant of Upper Egypt; this symbolism tends to be reflected in the column plan of Egyptian temples. In India, columns of the Deccan in the first millennium display an interesting "lock-and-nut" construction. Columns in east Asia, though (China, Korea, and Japan) are usually just slender cylinders. A Chinese philosopher who lived 551-479 BC, during the Spring And Autumn Period. His family name was Kong Qiu, and his honorific name was Kong Fuzi. His ideas were not accepted during his lifetime, but eventually came to form the basis of government and society in Asia. Confucius taught a pervasive hierarchy of superior and inferior that governed all social relationships, with reciprocal obligations and duties: ruler-subject, father-child, husband-wife, older brother-younger brother, etc. (China; pronounced "ts/u/ng," where /u/ sounds like the oo in "took.") A Neolithic jade cylinder with squared-off corners, usually buried with the dead. Its exact meaning is not known today, but is usually explained in terms of heaven (the round hole of the cong) and earth (the square framework of the cong). More speculatively, the cong seems to resemble a human backbone (compare: the djed-pillar of ancient Egypt). A pattern of stars, like the Big Dipper or Orion, that is interpreted according to myth and legend. A pictorial composition that shows earlier and later parts of a story together in the same scene. The native Christian church in Egypt. A triangular arch that is formed by horizontal courses of brick that are built up and in from each side until they meet at the top. Similarly corbeled vault, corbeled roof, corbeled dome. While a true (semicircular) arch can stand on its own, corbeling requires additional surround for stability; for example, corbeled tombs in Mycenae were buried under the ground, whose considerable weight then stabilized the entire structure. An order of Classical architecture that is characterized by slender columns with acanthus-leaf capitals . Examples of traditional Asian costume can be found on paintings, sculptures, mannequins, and vessels in museums; on the walls of tombs and temples; and in live and recorded music, dance, and theatre. While many pages on this website contain images of people or gods and what they are wearing, only the pages with substantial focus on costume or mannequins are indexed here. The shell of the Money Cowrie, Cypraea moneta, is sourced from the Maldive Islands in the Indian Ocean; it was used as trading currency in Asia (and, along with other Cowrie species, in Africa) from early times. The cowrie's small size, light weight, durability, and sufficient (but not excessive) abundance made it ideal for this purpose, not unlike the manufactured coins that gradually replaced them. During the Bronze Age in China, cowrie shells had to pass through a long trade network in order to reach inland Southeast Asia and China; as markers of wealth, they are often found buried in significant numbers (hundreds at a time) in specially made or reused bronze containers. In Asian art, cranes are symbols of longevity (they live about 30 years in the wild, double that in captivity). It seems odd that they are not more often employed as symbols of fidelity, given their spectacular mating dance . A tooth-shaped series of projections on top of a castle or fort. Technically, the "teeth" are called merlons, and the crenellations are the spaces in between. (1) The Roman Cross is the primal symbol of the Christian religion; it represents the instrument of torture upon which Jesus was crucified. (2) The Greek Cross is an equal-armed cross, derived from the Greek chi-rho. (3) The Egyptian Cross (Crux Ansata, or Coptic cross) is derived from the shape of an ankh . The horizontal members of a torana. An Assyrian architectural design, adopted by the Nabataeans for the crowns of their tomb facades, that consists of triangular stairsteps, outlined in profile. The ancient cultural and political heartland of Sri Lanka, located in the northern plains and roughly bounded by the island's three pre-modern capitals: Anuradhapura in the northwest, Polonnaruwa in the east, and Kandy in the south. See: Map of Sri Lanka . Another name for a stupa . The form of Shiva as supreme teacher of Yoga. (China.) The Dark Warrior (Xuanwu) is the Chinese directional symbol of the North. Originally a constellation, visualized as a paired turtle and snake, the symbol changed over time into an anthropomorphic warrior. (China.) The spiritual tradition of Laozi. Dao means way, path, or road. Daoism seeks to cultivate a mystical unity between man and nature, in the context of yin/yang polarity and a variety of philosophical, religious, spiritual, and magical practices. Laozi , Buddha , and Confucius are the three great progenitors of the East Asian spiritual and philosophical tradition. (India.) "Seeing," the devotional viewing of an image during worship, or the ceremonial viewing of a ruler during public audience. A Hindu shrine that is associated with a Buddhist temple conplex. "God-King," the self-asserted divine title of the kings of Angkor; for example Indravarman, "protected by Indra." Indra is the god's name, and Varman means "shield." All the Khmer kings' names follow this same pattern. The overall idea originates from India, but is not unique to that part of the world; there are reliefs in Egypt that depict Pharaoh sacrificing to himself, and the ancient Romans also sacrificed to the divine spirit (genius, in Latin) of their Emperor. In Cambodia, the king built temples to his tutelary divinity, and created statues that portrayed himself and his royal family like the gods and goddesses to which they were associated -- usually a form of Shiva , although Suryavarman II dedicated Angkor Wat to himself as an avatar of Vishnu. The early Hindu (Vedic) gods, like Indra and Agni. Minor female divinities that are carved on the walls and beside the doors of southeast asian temples. Technically these goddesses are higher-ranked than the apsarasas , but in practice the distinction between the two is often blurred. The Great Goddess, who is worshiped in India under a multitude of distinct forms. Any female deity in India can be considered as an aspect of Devi, even when consorting with a husband (Parvati), but especially when acting independently (Durga, Kali, etc.) (1) (Lower case.) Right behavior, that which a person ought to do (compare ma'at , in ancient Egypt). In Hinduism, this usually amounts to traditional behavior consistent with one's status in life. The dharma of a warrior is to fight, the dharma of a student is to study, etc. (2) (Upper case.) "Law," the Buddhist teachings. The metaphorical Wheel (chakra) of the Law (Dharma), that Buddha set in motion with his First Sermon. The hand position, in images of the Buddha, that signifies his First Sermon. "Protectors of the Law," nominally eight Wrathful Deities of Tibetan Buddhism (but not all wrathful deities are Dharmapalas). It is a flexible category, that usually includes: (1) In Buddhism, the Directional Guardian of the East . (2) In the Mahabharata, the Blind King of Hastinapur. The Victory Banner of Tibetan Buddhism, that symbolizes the military, political, and religious triumph of Buddhism in that region. It is similar in concept to the Cross of Constantine in the Later Roman Empire, and to the Sword and Crescent of Islam. The Heavenly Guardians of the eight directions. Four of these, called Lokapalas , guard the four cardinal directions. The Dikpalas were originally Vedic gods, who became transformed into directional guardians in Hinduism and Buddhism. Text references include Parshvanatha Temple in Khajuraho (Hindu, Dikpalas) and Todai-ji Temple in Japan (Buddhist, Lokapalas). The Hindu Dikpalas are: Kubera - north, a Lokapala Vayu - northwest Symbolic animals that guarded the four cardinal directions in a tomb; the imagery comes from China. The figures are Blue Dragon (E), Red Bird (S), White Tiger (W), and Dark Warrior (N). (1) In India the discus ( chakra ) is a solar attribute of Vishnu, a hand-thrown weapon that is shaped like the disk of the sun. (2) In the Olympic Games of ancient Greece, and subsequently in Europe, the discus throw is a sporting event. The "division of relics" properly refers to emperor Ashoka Maurya's redistribution of Buddha's cremated remains throughout his kingdom in the 3d century BC. Ashoka divided up the Buddha's original bone and ash remains (originally buried near Lumbini), sealed them in inscribed jars, and sent them off to the four corners of his kingdom, to be reburied with sarira underneath newly purpose-built stupas. This act of piety created Ashoka's ideal Buddhist kingdom, and cemented Ashoka's political and cultural authority over the lands that he governed. Confusingly, the Mahaparinirvana Sutra backdates the Division to immediately after Buddha's death in the 5th century BC. But the sutra was composed in the 2d century AD, 400 years after Ashoka's Division of the Relics and 600 years after the death of the Buddha. Contemporary remainders of the division include a Ghandharan relief panel (roughly contemporary with the Mahaparinirvana Sutra) in the British Museum, and - amazingly - an Ashokan stupa at Piprahwa . When excavated, the Piprahwa stupa was found to contain Ashokan sarira, an Ashokan vessel inscribed for Buddha's remains, and - within the vessel - some actual bone and ash that may upon this evidence be true relics of the Buddha himself. A hieroglyphic sign in ancient Egypt that means "stability." The djed-pillar is often fashioned into amulets and other designs, and probably symbolizes the backbone of Osiris. (Japan) Small clay anthropomorphic figurines that were made by the Jomon people of Japan. These enigmatic figures have inspired different interpretations that may indicate ritual healing, a neolithic goddess cult, votive rites, or even toys. A type of megalithic grave construction that began in the 7th millennium BC in Europe, and ended in the first millennium BC in parts of Asia. Dolmen chambers typically consist of a few large support stones, that are capped by a large flat top stone. Some dolmen were dug into the earth, while others were built above above ground and then covered with an earthen mound. When the covering earth erodes or is cleared away by archaeologists, the stone chamber is exposed to view and that is what is seen today. An inverted hemispherical roof that covers many ancient and modern buildings and symbolically represents the vault of the heavens. Celebrated domes include the Pantheon and St. Peter's in Rome, the U.S. Capitol, Aya Sophia in Constantinople, the Duomo of Florence, and many others. Structurally, they are classified either as "corbelled" (early Egypt, Greece, Korea) or as "true" (Rome and later), depending on whether they are technically rotations of the corbelled arch or of the true arch . An order of Classical architecture that is characterized by "pincushion" capitals, alternating triblyphs and metopes, and unbased columns. See: Wikipedia article ; Doric Order of Classical Architecture ; and Doric Greek Temples in Sicily . The double crown of Egypt combines the Red Crown of Lower Egypt with the White Crown of Upper Egypt , and symbolizes their unification under Narmer (the traditional ascription) sometime between 3100-3000 BC. During periods of disunity the two halves of the country sometimes broke apart only to recombine later. The supporting or ornamental brackets that are used in the construction of Chinese wooden buildings. Dou are the square supporting blocks, and gong are the u-shaped bracket arms. A water snake ( naga ), originally the god of its local pond, river, or lake, who grew wings and flew away to become a rider on the storm. Its manifestations include the Chinese emperor (a five-fingered dragon) and the serpent rainbow of Asian and Mesoamerican lore. An Asian pottery kiln that climbs uphill; the furnace is at the bottom. The purpose of this design is to provide a temperature gradient within the kiln, so that pots with particular firing needs (due to composition, glaze, etc.) can be fired at the appropriate temperature. (China) An auspicious chimera that combines the body of a turtle with the head and tail of a dragon. The overhanging upper edge of monastic cave-dwellings in ancient times. It was cleverly worked in such a way that rainwater would drip down vertically from it, rather than flowing back into the interior of the chamber. The familiar drums made out of wood and hide are found everywhere in Asia; there are also early drums in southeast asia that are made out of bronze, and even earlier prehistoric drums in China that are made out of pottery and hide. The bell and drum towers (separate buildings) were prominent features of any sizeable Chinese city. The bell sounded every morning to announce the beginning of the official day. When evening fell, the drum announced the curfew. In the architecture of the Mughal Empire , "durbar" means an audience room where the ruler would hear petitions from his subjects or receive foreign ambassadors, etc. A fierce form of Devi who was created by all the other gods and given their combined powers; usually posed as "Mahishasuramardini," slayer of the buffalo demon Mahisha. Her vahana is the lion. (Kong&#333rikishi or Niō in Japanese.) A guardian figure placed on either side of a shrine or temple doorway. Little People were thought to bring good luck, and often employed as entertainers, in the ancient world. Their appearance as "dancing dwarves" in Asia embodies that role, where they are also identified as ganas or nature-spirits. In Egypt, Bes was a popular deity and Seneb was a high official. In a famous letter from the 6th Dynasty, the boy pharaoh Pepi II urges Harkhuf , who was on his way back from an expedition to the south of the Sudan, to take great care of the dancing pygmy he had acquired: "My majesty desires to see this pygmy more than the gifts of the mineland (Sinai) and of Punt". The geographical region that encompasses the countries of China, Korea, and Japan. A beast of burden ("working elephant") across Eurasia and North Africa, the elephant also figures importantly in Asian myth, legend, and art as a son of Shiva and symbol of the monsoon, royalty, and the Buddha. Different architectural ways of visualizing a three-dimensional building or site in two dimensions. The elevation (outline, skyline) is a vertical projection as seen from the side, and the plan (floor plan, site plan) is a horizontal projection as seen from above. Axonometric projections are also used in architecture; although they may seem more complicated at first, they are really just projections from different angles than the horizontal or vertical. An attached column that is partly set into the wall behind it. In Western classical architecture, a lintel that is horizontally divided into an architrave, frieze, and cornice. A slight swelling (convexity) that is built into ancient Greek temple columns, bases, and rooflines, to make them seem straighter. In southeast Asia during the 19th century, at least a few temple guardian sculptures were created with European features. Their "protective" qualities seem, at least from a modern perspective, both hopeful and ironic, but most of all humorous. Respectfully making fun, they acknowledge European power while caricaturing European physiognomy and manners, in knowing reference to the great Asian tradition in which the Other (demons, asuras) is tamed and coopted into service. 1. In Roman civil architecture, a decorated semicircular recess that serves as a "conversation nook." 2. In Church architecture, a semicircular recess or apse. The decorated front of a building. (Cambodia) A Jayavarman VII-style tower that presents four carved faces overlooking the cardinal directions. The faces probably represent Jayavarman VII as Avalokiteshvara , the Bodhisattva of Compassion. A type of Qing-dynasty polychrome porcelain that is decorated in a palette of green with other colors. Similarly famille rose (pink), jaune (yellow background), and noir (black background). (Thailand) A foreigner; the word is derived from the Thai pronunciation of "French." (ho-o in Japan) An auspicious bird that ruled over all others and, as the Red Bird, was a directional symbol of the south. In Ming times, it was also the symbol of the empress; when paired with the dragon, symbol of the emperor, it suggested marital harmony. The fenghuang is a mythical bird; it is mistranslated as "phoenix" into English, but it is not related at all to the Western phoenix. Geomancy, the art of situating buildings and cities in a favorable context of surrounding landscape. Ideally, the site will face south, where the sun shines, and will be protected by a mountain range from the cold north winds; water will flow without impediment from west to east through the precincts, and refreshing greenery will be distributed throughout. A Buddhist pentad with Shakyamuni in the middle, flanked on Shaka's left by Ratnasambhava (South) and Akshobhya (East), and on Shaka's right by Amitabha (West), and Amoghasiddhi (North). A Han Dynasty system of thought that associated terrestial elements (seasons, the cardinal directions) to celestial phaenomena (constellations, planets) and metaphysical concepts (the Five Elements, the rise and fall of yin and yang ). Twin stone pillars that support the wooden flagpoles of a traditional Buddhist temple. Members of the heavenly court who are shown in flying posture, with the front leg tucked and the rear leg extended (and, oddly enough, often looking backward). This poslture is frequently seen in South Asia, less often across Urasia from China to Greece. Ubiquitous statues of guardian dogs or lions in Asia, often with armored legs and feet. An aniconic representation of a deity by means of an image of the sole of his foot. The native tutelary gods of Sri Lanka: Saman on Adam's Peak, Kataragama (Skanda), Upulvan (Vishnu), and Vibhishana . A geometric form, such as a snowflake, that repeats itself at different levels of size. Fractals were first defined by Benoit Mandelbrot in 1975, although some of their forms and properties had been intuited much earlier by ancient Greek, Islamic, and Indian geometers and artists. (Japan) Fujin is the Japanese god of wind, like the Greco-Roman Aeolus. He carries a billowing sack, in which the winds are contained, and is typically paired with Raijin, the god of thunder, who beats his sticks upon a circle of drums in the sky. The parallel between Fujin and Aeolus, two identical gods at the extreme ends of Eurasia, is extraordinary. (Japan) A sliding screen made of paper over a wood frame, often decorated with painting, and used as a room divider or sliding door. The difference between fusuma and shoji is that fusuma are opaque, while shoji are translucent. (China) Brother and sister culture heroes, who gave to mankind the arts of writing and fishing. A peaked vertical roof-end, a form that is found world-wide. (Japan) The ancient music of the Japanese imperial court. Example: Kitanodai Gagaku Ensemble . The goddess Lakshmi , usually seated, being lustrated (anointed with water) by two elephants (gaja) as a symbol of prosperity. The apsidal shape of an elephant's (gaja) backside. (Literally, "elephant-lion.") A decorative motif that shows (1) a lion rearing over or attacking a kneeling elephant, or (2) a combined elephant-lion creature. Its symbolism in either case is unknown, although much-discussed. The Indonesian orchestra, that consists of gongs, metallophones, drums, flute, rebec, etc. A dwarf-like, auspicious nature-spirit that is often found decorating the temples and shrines of India and Southeast Asia. In Hinduism, the ganas are servants of Shiva (the name of Shiva's son, the elephant god Ganesha, means "Lord Of The Ganas.") In Buddhism, the ganas are servants of Kubera, the god of wealth. An ancient kingdom (1st century BC - 7th century AD) in what is now northern Pakistan and Afghanistan, important in the early centuries AD as the conduit of Roman stylistic influence in Buddhist sculpture. "Fragrances," celestial musicians and husbands of the apsarasas . (Also, Ganesh.) An elephant-headed god who overcomes all obstacles with the force of an elephant crashing through the jungle. The son of Parvati , Ganesh removes every difficulty and is invoked at the start of any new enterprise. His attributes include an elephant goad, his broken-off tusk that he used as a pen to write the Mahabharata , a lasso, and a bowl of sweets. He rides a mouse or rat and is a jolly, good-natured god. (1) The Ganges is the most sacred river in India, flowing down from heaven through Shiva's hair in the high Himalayas and from thence east across India to the sea. To bathe in the Ganges river at Varanasi is to wash away all the sins of one's past lives. Ganga is the personified goddess of the Ganges river. She rides upon a makara , and is an emblem of fertility and purification. (2) The Jumna, although less important today, is a parallel river to the Ganges. Her personification, Yamuna, rides a tortoise. "Womb chamber," the sanctuary of an Indian temple. Chinese gardens, which can range from the modest to the very large, are built from the three basic elements of water, plants, and rock according to aesthetic criteria that were codified in the Song dynasty. Garden rocks had to have a mountain-like shape with natural cavities; the best ones came from Lake Tai. Scholars' rocks were smaller versions of these. Japanese gardens tend to be a miniaturized and more formal version of Chinese gardens, perhaps reflecting the lesser availability of land on the Japanese islands, although there are some exceptions on very large Japanese estates. Compare: the relationship between 18th century French gardens (formal) and 18th century English gardens (informal). A bird-man, Vishnu's mount and the King of Birds. Garuda is the enemy of snakes, and can often be seen grasping them in his claws, a motif that also occurs in Mesopotamian art. His iconography encompasses a variable mixture of human and avian features, but usually includes at least a pair of wings and an eagle's beak. Raptors like eagles and hawks attack and devour snakes in the natural world; symbolically, these birds belong to the sun and sky, while the snakes they attack belong to the underworld and darkness. See: chaitya arch . A Sri Lankan Buddhist shrine in the South Indian style, fashioned of stone in a rectangular plan with corbelled roof and decorated with carvings. (Japan) Literally, "accomplished person." A traditional female entertainer who provides music, song, dance, and conversation at dinner parties. (India) A flight of steps that lead down to any large body of water (whether natural or artificial) for bathing, washing clothes, etc. (Japan) During the Asuka and Nara periods, a pageant with masks that was performed during temple inaugurations. It derives from the ancient Chinese state of Wu. The comma-shaped, jade "bear claws" that decorate early Korean crowns and are also found in Japan. They may symbolize royal authority, perhaps deriving from a totemic bear clan like Dangun's . Alternatively, they are thought, by some writers, to resemble an embryo and thus to symbolise fertility. (Japan) The white paper zigzags that decorate a Shinto shrine. They are used as instruments of purifiction during the Shinto rituals. The gateway tower of a South Indian Temple, that leads through an enclosure wall into the temple precinct; often elaborated with its own pediment, roof, and lintels. More generally, the term can refer to any framed entrance through an enclosure wall. A modern Buddhist memorial, that is related to the ancient pagodas and stupas but much more abstract and symbolic. Funeral pottery from China's Three Dynasties period, especially from the Yue kilns in Western Jin (265-316 AD). The top of the vessel is decorated with numerous human and animal figures, sea creatures, and birds, and a pavilion for storing grain on top. This represents an abundance of food, that one would need in the afterlife. A mythical animal having the head of an eagle and the body of a lion. An amusing, exaggeratedly distorted figure. The word comes from the grottoes of ancient Rome, where such figures are painted on the walls. The Chinese saviour goddess. See: Avalokiteshvara . A stone carving of a guardian, usually a nagaraja , that is placed in pairs on either side of the entrance to a Sri Lankan temple. In Western classical architecture, the numerous short vertical pegs that decorate the underside of a lintel. (Japan) A temple ritual involving masked impersonation of Buddhas, Bodhisatvas, Devas, etc. that was performed from late Heian times onward. (Japan) The worship hall of a Japanese Shinto shrine. A goose, the animal on which Brahma rides. (Japan) Hollow earthenware statues erected upon or around a Kofun . They are "spirit houses," ranging in type from simple upright cylinders to elaborate models of warriors, buildings, and horses. (Korea) A traditional Korean house . During the Joseon dynasty its design principles included fengshui , particular interior layouts, and ondol heating. The monkey general who was a faithful ally of Rama in the Ramayana . The private living quarters of a ruler's wives and concubines. The harem was located in the innermost quarter of the palace, with guarded entrances and exits and jalis (pierced stone screens) from which the occupants could gaze out upon the passing scene. An image of Vishnu ("hari") and Shiva ("hara"), that is combined half-and-half into one deity. A Hindu ogre-goddess of smallpox; converted, as so often, to a protective deity in Buddhism. A square railing that encloses the spire on top of a stupa . It originally represented a sacred enclosure that was delimited by a fence. The Egyptian goddess of music, the sky, and loving-kindness, who originally took the form of a nurturing cow. Her principal attributes, the horned crown and sistrum , are confusingly shared with Isis ; you have to read the hieroglyphs to know which is which. (Literally, "horse-neck.") A fierce form of Avalokiteshvara , usually portrayed as a dwarf with a symbolic horse-head attached to his coiffure. A Hindu plague-goddess who was converted by Buddha into a protector of children, along with her husband Atavaka (Panchika). The story is apotropaic , and also an example of religious usurpation , a strategy that Buddhism employed both to compete and to coexist with its native rivals. The depiction of punishments in hell is an enduring tradition in Buddhist and Daoist art, much the same as in Christianity. These sadistic images were, of course, meant to warn away the faithful from sin and its awful consequences. The difference is that in Asia, unlike in the West, Hell is not eternal. A roof, all of whose sides slope down without a gable . This form was reserved for the most important palace and temple buildings. (Japan) The Abbot's residence of a Buddhist temple. The main building of a Shinto shrine. It is typically reserved for the kami (gods), and closed to the public. (Japan) The Main Hall of a Buddhist temple in Japan. It houses the chief worship statue, and is the largest and most important building in the temple complex. For historical reasons, some temples use the term kondo ( Golden Hall) instead; see Wikipedia for details. A cloth that is wrapped around a statue in order to symbolize its divinity and that it is currently under worship. Various types and patterns include: (Indonesia, Hindu) a black-and-white chequered pattern, or sometimes a modern batik . (Southeast Asia, Buddhist) a yellow wrap (India, Hindu) a white, red, or yellow wrap (Japan, Shinto) a white or sometimes red wrap (Egypt) Horus is the Falcon God, the son of Isis and Osiris who avenged his father and established the Kingdom of Egypt on earth. Horus was the first Pharaoh, and every subsequent pharaoh became the new Horus, as his deceased predecessor became the new Osiris. The binding of mythical stories to practical history occurs in every culture (George Washington and the Cherry Tree!), but in Egypt the two achieve perhaps their highest integration. Hotei in Japan, or Budai in China, is the Smiling Fat Buddha, a folk avatar of Maitreya who carries a big rice sack on his back. The ancient Chinese believed that every person had two souls: the yang or spiritual hun, and the yin or bodily po. These separated after death, and beliefs about their subsequent fates were varied and unclear. One idea was that the hun ascended up to heaven to take up an official career among the divinities, while the po remained behind in the tomb to enjoy an afterlife of feasting and physical amusements. See the Wikipedia article for more information. A strikingly similar belief appears in Egypt, where the two souls were called the ba and the ka . An architectural roof that is supported by columns, especially the hypostyle halls of ancient Egypt, India, early mosques, etc. (Hwaeom in Korea, Kegon in Japan) An influential school of Chinese Buddhism that was brought to Korea by Uisang in 671. Huayan Buddhism is based on the Avatamsaka (Flower Garland) Sutra. It teaches that definitions and concepts – including this one – are products of the limited mind and have no basis in ultimate reality. See also: Three Worthies . (Korea) An elite sodality of aristocratic Silla youths who trained and fought together in specialized units within the Silla army, and who worshiped their leader as an incarnation of Maitreya . In spite of their rather twee designation (literally "flower youth,") this became an effective "old boy's school" that promoted the social and military integration of Silla's young aristocrats. The religiously-motivated destruction of sacred images. Odd as it seems to us today, iconoclasm was, at various times, a potent force both in Byzantine and in early Protestant history. Literally, "symbolic writing:" the pose, gestures, attributes, and symbols that serve to identify an image. For example, the iconography of Shiva Nataraja usually includes a dance pose with one leg lifted and the other standing on a dwarf; an arm gesture pointing to his lifted foot; a small drum and firepot held in the hand; and a hand gesture with palm extended meaning "fear not." A dye-resist cloth that is woven in Indonesia. The building, in a Buddhist monastic complex, that contains the major cult statue of the Buddha. The conservative aspect of architecture, that incorporates "quotations" – that is, references to the forms, materials, and decorative elements of its predecessors. The Japanese invasions of Korea during 1592-1598, under the leadership of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. While ultimately unsuccessful, these invasions produced great damage and loss of life on the peninsula. "Imjin" in this case is the year, not the river. See Japanese invasions of Korea for additional information. A row of columns that is set in a line across an entrance, between two pilasters or corner posts. The Vedic king of the gods. His domain is the sky; he is associated with rainstorms, and carries a thunderbolt ( vajra ), like the Greek god Zeus. His elephant mount Airavata symbolizes clouds and thunder. In later Hinduism, Indra retains his formal title but becomes subordinate to Vishnu and Shiva, and is also pressed into service as the Dikpala (directional guardian) of the east. In Buddhism, Indra and Brahma attend the Buddha's birth and accompany him in his descent from Trayastrimsha heaven . A large, sheer "island" of rock that, because of differential erosion, stands up above a surrounding plain. An order of Classical architecture that originated on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor and is characterized by volute capitals . An obscure Dikpala , guardian of the northeast direction. His name means, simply, "the Lord." He holds a trident and bowl. Isis , the consort of Osiris and mother of Horus , is the Great Goddess of Egypt. The stepped-throne hieroglyph of Isis is shared with Osiris, and many of her other attributes - the horned crown, sistrum, and menat - were assimilated from Hathor . Originally a divinity of magic, she took up the maternal aspect of Hathor and ultimately became a savior goddess, in which aspect her cult spread widely throughout the Roman Empire. The iconography of Isis suckling Horus, in the Roman era, was the direct precursor of Mary suckling Jesus in the Christian era. A dog-like carnivore and shy scavenger that lurks around human cremation and burial grounds. This habit got the jackal noticed in India as an animal associated with Shiva and the fiercer aspects of Devi, and in Egypt where he was promoted to Anubis , the god of mummification. The entrance hall of a South Indian temple, just in front of the sanctuary. The platform, plinth, or terrace (these words are practically synonymous when speaking of Indian temples) on which a temple rests. (pronounced "Jane.") A religion founded by Mahavira in the 6th-5th century BC. Jainism shares some features of Buddhism, such as avoidance of harm to living things, and is greatly concerned with ritual purity. Principal worship is directed towards 24 saviors or tirthankaras . A Mughal stone lattice or pierced screen. This architectural element is found in tombs, palace harems, mosques, and elite private residences; its purpose was usually to allow a watching lady to see, while remaining herself concealed from the profane gaze of men. The stories of the Buddha's past lives, as an animal or human being, in which he demonstrated the virtues of compassion and self-sacrifice that ultimately led to his final incarnation as an enlightened being. The stories were often adapted from earlier, non-Buddhist sources. A Mughal projecting balcony with a domed or vaulted roof. A Japanese shrine-temple (the word's literal meaning) that includes both a Buddhist temple and a Shinto shrine. The general idea is that the kami protect the temple, and the temple enlightens the kami. In a practical sense, it is Buddhism's way of coming to terms with Japan's pre-existing, native religion. (Korea) A stylized folding screen that stands behind the thrones of Joseon rulers as a sort of royal emblem. Its design includes mountains, pines, and the sun and moon. (Japan) A form of popular theatre with musical accompaniment and stylized voice and gesture. Make-up, costumes, and sets are very elaborate. First performed by women in early Edo, now performed only by men, who also play the women's parts. In Indonesia, kaja is the sacred direction, towards the holy mountain, Gunung Agung. Kelod is the impure direction, towards the sea. Houses, temples, and even entire towns are oriented along this axis. Since the mountain is located in the eastern part of the island, in central and south Bali the kaja direction is most often towards the northeast point of the compass. A protective monster mask in Indian and SE Asian temples that is carved above temple entrances, gates, arches, and niches to represent the threshold between time and eternity. "Kala" means "Time," and "Kirtimukha" means "Face of Glory." The mask sometimes has the features of a horned lion, and may also display a lower jaw and vestigial arms. A type of decoration that frames the doorways and niches of temples in Southeast Asia. Two naga bodies form the sides of the arch, whose ends rest upon outward-turning makara heads. The top of the arch, from which the serpent bodies issue, is a kala . The arch symbolizes a rainbow, which connects the mundane world of the earth to the divine world of the sky. A water-jar or pot, symbolizing fertility and abundance, that crowns the spire of some temples. It may also be used as a column base, or be held as an attribute by certain gods. Its symbolism is like the European cornucopia , the "horn of plenty." A terrifying form of Devi , goddess of the cremation grounds and sometime consort of Shiva . The god of love ("kama sutra"). "Wanton-eyed," a name of Parvati . (Japan) The indigenous gods of Japan, who are worshipped at shinto shrines. (Japan) The family emblems of historical Japanese clans, that appear everywhere on flags, robes, paintings, roof tiles, etc. Also called mon . A kind of Sri Lankan painting associated with the Kandyan kingdom , in which the outlined figures are rendered flat, without 3-dimensional modeling or Western perspective, in light-colored infill, often against a red background. The Japanese name of Guanyin , a savior Bodhisattva. (Literally, "deed.") The merit or demerit accruing from a person's good or bad deeds in his previous life. This causes the individual to be reincarnated, and determines his circumstances in the current life, where he might exist as a god, or as some kind of disgusting bug, or as anything in between. Belief in reincarnation developed early in India, and was also known in other societies, including the ancient Greeks. Also known as Skanda, Karttikeya is a son of Shiva and Parvati who was foster-nursed by the Pleiades. Karttikeya is the god of battle. He has six heads, numerous attributes, and rides a peacock. The Sri Lankan version of Skanda, an important god in Lanka and one of the Four Protectors of the island. Kataragama/Skanda is the Indian god of war, a son of Shiva and Parvati. His vehicle is the peacock, and he carries numerous weapons and other attributes (bow, spear, trident, etc.) Protective roof tiles on traditional Japanese houses and temples. A modern (1931) retelling of the Ramayana , thanks to Walter Spies, from the monkeys' point of view. A vessel for holy water. See: Dawn F. Rooney, Kendi In The Cultural Context Of Southeast Asia . Celestial musicians, possibly related to the gandharvas , who have the heads of men and the bodies of birds or horses. (Arabic) A ruin. (Korea) Female entertainers, like the Japanese geisha . (Japan) The Lecture Hall of a Buddhist temple, where sutras are read. (Japan) A stone-chamber burial (mound tomb) from about 300 to 550 A.D. Typically the chamber itself is below ground level. It would be filled in with rubble, and a stone-covered mound would then be erected above the chamber. These elite, megalithic burials have given their name to the eponymous and formative period of Japanese history, that saw the adoption of Chinese culture via Korea, and the beginnings of the Yamato court. A Sri Lankan dance drama with masks. The characters include aristocrats, peasants, court functionaries, etc. See: Dance and Masks on this website. (Japan) See vajra . Korean ceramics often display a character of deliberate unpretentiousness, as if pursuing their own kind of beauty by a means other than technical perfection; even obvious errors of firing, such as a sagging body or flawed glaze, could be valued in this aesthetic of imperfection. The quality of informality in Korean pottery was especially appreciated by the Japanese, who went so far as to kidnap hundreds of Korean potters and sculptors during the 16th century Imjin war and resettle them in Japan. The Japanese zither . (Also keris) The distinctively shaped knife-blade of Indonesia. Typically forged into S-shaped curves, it carries great personal and cultural significance. (Jizo in Japan, Dizang in China) A Bodhisattva with the power to save sinners from hell. He is depicted as a Buddhist monk with a staff ( shakujo ). One of the Dikpalas , the guardian of the north. Kubera is king of the yakshas and god of wealth (buried treasure). His attributes include a mongoose, club, pomegranite, water jar, and money pouch. See also: Vaisravana . A comic interlude with masks, separating the acts of a Noh drama. A Hindu water goddess, consort of Vishnu and symbol of prosperity. Her primary attribute is the lotus flower. She is often portrayed as sitting or standing on a lotus while being lustrated (showered with water) by elephants, a scene that symbolizes the rain clouds bringing water and life to the land. When accompanying Vishnu, she is often paired with Sarasvati . A tall pillar in front of some Indian temples. An oil lamp was mounted at the top of the pillar, where it would be lit each night by a boy shimmying up the pillar. The legendary founder of Daoism , worshiped in deified form as Lao Jun. Auxiliary temple buildings that are found in pairs, one on each side of the main axis of a temple, in front of the temple platform. These buildings are called "libraries" because they were formerly thought to contain copies of the scriptures. Their actual function is unknown, but by now the term "library" is unfortunately imbedded in the literature. They might have been storerooms or treasuries, containing temple paraphernalia, or possibly shrines containing the sacred fire. (Also lingam.) A phallus, the aniconic representation of Shiva . The linga is usually unadorned, but sometimes has secondary carvings. It is usually set into a circular base that represents the female yoni (generative organ), and is worshiped by oblations of milk and water. An architectural crosspiece that spans the top of an opening, like a door or a window. See also: arch . (China) a gentleman-scholar. A small chamber, carved into the wall of a tomb, where the body was placed. The directional guardians ( Dikpalas ) of the North, South, East, or West. They are called shitenno in Japan; see Todaiji Temple (Japan) for more information. Also known as "Heavenly Kings," the locapalas appear in both Hinduism and Buddhism, but receive more cultic emphasis in the latter. Their names are: Vaishravana (Kubera, North) - their leader or general Dhritarastra (Indra, East) Virudhaka (Yama, South) Virupaksa (Varuna, West) A sacred flower in Asia and Egypt, a symbol of purity that raises up beauty from the mud of existence. "Lower Egypt" refers to the Nile Delta, and "Upper Egypt" is the highlands to the south. The Nile River flows down from the southern highlands into the Mediterranean, which accounts for the names of these two geographically distinct regions of Egypt. The distinction between north and south was geographically, politically, religiously, and iconogaphically important throughout Egypt's history; it structures and organizes the thought of ancient Egypt, much as yin-yang duality structures and organizes the thought of ancient China. However, the two dualities are not the same. Chinese Yin-yang duality is philosophical, whereas Egyptian north-south duality is political. The legend persists, in many countries of southeast Asia, of intermarriage between a native princess ("lunar clan") and an immigrant prince from India ("solar clan"). Such legends may indeed have some basis in fact: during the early centuries A.D., numerous Hindu elites and traders did indeed emigrate to SE Asia, where they intermarried with the local elites and blended their native culture with their newfound homes. Luohan (Chinese; Arhats, in India) are Immortals, living disciples of the Buddha, who achieved enlightenment but have postponed entering Nirvana in order to guard the Buddhist Law on earth until the coming of Maitreya . Until then they remain hidden from the sight of mortals. In Buddhist art they are represented as eccentrics, with various bizarre physical characteristics, rather like the immortals of Daoist legend. The full set of luohan numbers 500 individuals, and several temples in China show every one of them. (Egypt) Righteousness, personified as a small feathered goddess ( Wikipedia entry ). One of the defining concepts of Egyptian civilization, Ma'at represented truth, justice, and order as opposed to chaos and evil (isfet). Like other early civilizations, the Egyptians conceived of the ruler's mission as maintaining the orderly succession of day, night, and the seasons upon which agriculture and therefore life itself depended. In Egyptian thought this responsibility was vastly expanded to include protection from enemies, wild animals, the desert, and lawlessness in general. A battlement projecting from the wall of a castle or fort, with openings in its bottom through which the defenders could hurl missles onto the heads of the attackers below. One of India's two great national epics (the other is the Ramayana ). The enormous composition – at 100,000 stanzas, it is by far the longest poem in the world – is traditionally assigned to Vyasa as author. Its oldest parts (orally composed) date to around 400 BC, contemporaneous with the Ramayana, with later additions. The poem deals with a great war, possibly historical, in the first half of the first millenium BC, between two related clans, the Pandavas and the Kauravas. To this core is added an amazing variety of additional material, including the Bhagavad Gita , perhaps India's greatest religious poem, an exhortation that Krishna utters to Arjuna before the climactic battle. ( Tibetan Buddhism ) A Buddhist Dharmapala who originated as a Hindu Dvarapala (door guardian) of Shiva temples. A Mughal palace, pavilion, or hall. One of the Vidyarajas , who protected against snakebite and other evils and was also considered in Esoteric metaphysics to be the mother of Buddha's dharmakaya . Mahasthamaprapta (Seishi, in Japan) represents the power of Amitabha's Wisdom. His name means "strong as an elephant," an attribute of Vajrapani . Mahasthamaprapta carries a vase of elixir in his flowing coiffure, is associated with the moon, is displayed in triad with Amitabha and Avalokiteshvara, and rides Indra's elephant like Samantabhadra - indeed they are the same Bodhisattva, although they belong to different Buddha families. The Sinhalese Buddhist national epic of Sri Lanka, compiled in the 5th century AD from earlier sources. The founder of the Jain religion, Mahavira was a more strict, perhaps, contemporary of the Buddha. (Japan) An apprentice geisha . Maiko wear brightly-colored costumes and a "youthful" hairstyle. (Milefo in China, Miroku in Japan, Mireuk in Korea) The Buddha of the Future , a Bodhisattva who waits in Tushita Heaven to become the next Buddha. Maitreya will appear at a time far in the future, when the Buddhist teachings have been lost, in order to reestablish the Dharma. He is dressed, like other Bodhisattvas, with crown and jewelry since he is not yet a Buddha. His attributes include a stupa (usually worn in his crown) and a water bottle. When sitting, his legs are typically "at ease" (ankle crossed over knee) or "Western" (legs apart) style. (Indonesia) An island empire of Southeast Asia that was based on Java and ruled from 1293-1500 ( Wikipedia .) Their emblem was the Majapahit Sun . A fanciful chimera , having the body and tail of a fish, the mouth of a crocodile, and the trunk of an elephant. It is a protective animal, that frames the arches of Hindu and Buddhist temples throughout Asia and often decorates the functional rainspouts of buildings. An archway that decorates temple entrances in SE asia. It consists of two makaras linked at the top by a dragon or kala face. (Egypt) A small shrine, within a larger temple, that is dedicated to the birth of a god. Often the birth of pharaoh would also be celebrated within the mammisi, as one divinity to another. A symbolic diagram of the cosmos, having religious significance in animism in general and in esoteric Buddhism in particular. Mandalas are a type of yantra , and are also found as relicts in North America. A columned hall in a temple. In sculpture or painting, an almond-shaped halo or nimbus that surrounds a figure's body to indicate sanctity. The word comes from the Italian, and applies both to Western and to Asian art. (Wenshu in China, Monju in Japan) The Bodhisattva of Wisdom; he rides a lion, wields a sword, displays the sutras, and debates with a layman named Vimalakirti . He is depicted in triad with Shakyamuni (or Vairocana ) and Samantabhadra . A mystic verbal formula used in ritual or meditation. A ficticious group of seven Buddhas, who were thought to have preceeded Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, by analogy with similar legends about the Jinas . In the Victory Over Mara (or, Temptation Of Mara), the meditating Buddha triumphs over Mara, a demon who sent horrific and seductive visions (the Army of Mara and Daughters of Mara) to distract him from achieving his goal. At the climax of the event, Buddha calls the Earth to witness the merit of his past lives and his right to receive enlightenment. A religious or secular Japanese festival . A building that is dedicated to the memory of a deceased person and contains his or her tomb. Often confused with memorial, monument, and cenotaph. Memorials are dedicated to the memory of a deceased, but can be any kind of structure and do not contain a burial (eg, the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC). Monuments honor particular events or people, but do not have funerary connotations (eg, the Washington Monument in Washington, DC). A cenotaph is literally an empty tomb: either (Classical world) a mausoleum without a burial, or (Islamic) a substitute grave marker placed one or two floors above the actual burial. An Islamic mausoleum , like the Taj Mahal in India or the Aba Khoja Mausoleum in Kashgar. Mazars and mosques are the two most important building types of Islamic architecture. (1) Buddha's mother. (2) A pre-Columbian civilization in Mesoamerica. (1) the mythological Hindu world-mountain ; its Buddhist equivalent is called Mt. Sumeru . The mountain rests at the center of the world (the world-axis), surrounded by the four directional rivers, oceans, and continents. Buddhist pagodas symbolize Mt. Sumeru, just as Hindu shikharas symbolize Mt. Meru. (2) (Meru roof) A pagoda-like roof that consists of an odd number of courses; it covers important shrines in Southeast Asia. (3) (Meru shrine) A shrine covered by a Meru roof. The square spaces, reserved for sculpture, between the triglyphs of a doric frieze (see: Doric Order of Classical Architecture ). A niche in the wall of a mosque that is oriented towards Mecca, the direction of prayer (qibla); for example, towards the west, when one is in India. "Fish Eyed," the name of a local goddess and legendary Pandya queen of Madurai who was assimilated to Parvati . Born with three breasts, the goddess lost her third breast when she saw Shiva on the battlefield. Their subsequent marriage is celebrated nightly at their temple in Madurai. A tall, slender Islamic tower. The pulpit in a mosque, derived architecturally from the early Christian ambo . It is shaped as a right-angled triangle, whose hypotenuse is a flight of stairs leading up to the platform. (China) "spirit wares," ceramic models and figurines that were buried as symbolic grave goods for the deceased to use in the afterlife; these originally substituted for real sacrificed persons and too-valuable-to-be-buried artifacts. The idea is that if you are rich and powerful enough then you can indeed take it with you, but a substitute is almost as good and much less likely to be robbed. An embracing couple. Mithunas are a common motif on the walls of Indian temples, where they are thought to exert an influence which is both auspicious and magical/protective. A female incarnation of Vishnu, in which he/she became the consort of Lord Shiva. (Literally, "one stone.") A structure, such as a shrine or temple, which has been excavated as a unit from a surrounding matrix or outcropping of rock. A semicircular carved stepping-stone, that is placed in front of the entrance to a Buddhist shrine. The moonstone is a liminal marker that originated in India; it symbolizes the passage from the everyday world into a sacred space. In Sri Lanka, it is typically decorated by concentric bands of Buddhist animals and lotus vegetation. The "man in the moon," that is conceived in Asia as a toad or a rabbit. A Muslim place of worship. Congregational mosques for public worship are called Jami Masjid ("Friday Mosques"). Two important parts of a mosque are the mihrab (prayer niche) and the minbar (pulpit). A multi-headed naga that sheltered the Buddha under his hood during a rainstorm. A Korean shaman , usually female, who intercedes with the gods via spirit possession. Today, Shamanism is practically the last refuge of female power in the otherwise patriarchal-Confucian society of Korea. A symbolic hand-position, used when depicting a divinity. Some of the more important ones are listed below; see the mudras page for their images. Palm out, thumb and forefinger touching in "OK" sign: teaching The Mughals, also spelled Moguls, were a dynasty of Muslim conquerors in northern and central India between 1526 and 1748. The best-known Mughal emperors are Babur (1483-1526-1530), who founded the dynasty; his grandson Akbar (1542-1556-1605), who expanded and consolidated the empire; and Akbar's grandson Shah Jahan (1592-1666, ruled 1628-1658), who built the Taj Mahal . The Buddhist idea that relics of saints, or even of the Buddha himself, would miraculously appear wherever and whenever required in order to meet the needs of the faithful. See also: division of relics , sarira . At times, addition and subtraction of relics has also been observed. But all satire aside, the identification and distribution of relics has often had political as well as religious significance, in the East as well as in the West. A symbol that carries more than one meaning. See: additive cultures . A particular form or representation of a god, for example, Shiva Nataraja . A murti is the basic arrangement of iconographic elements – the "pose" – that tells the story and communicates the meaning and identity of an image. Music and dance are human universals. In ancient times, the two were inseparable, and intimately connected both to religious worship and to civic rites and rituals. (1) The scope of music in ancient China included Confucian ritual, Literati culture, and public and private ceremonies and gatherings. Many tourist venues in China today provide demonstrations of traditional music and dance that are of exceptionally high quality, being staffed by conservatory-trained musicians from Shanghai and Beijing. Much, however, was lost during the Cultural Revolution, and many "traditional" shows today are increasingly displaying an over the top, almost Las Vagas type of theatricality. (2) Japanese music and dance is a living tradition that extends continuously from Kabuki and Noh in medieval times to the present; indeed, it is the most uninterrupted in all of Asia. Some ritualized temple and court music and dance, of Chinese origin, has been handed down even earlier, from the first millennium AD. There can be a mannered quality to some of the performances. (3) India's northern (Mughal) musical traditions, as exemplified by Ravi Shankar and Ali Akbar Khan's cultural outreach on sitar and sarod, were a familiar experience to Western listeners in the 1960s; Karnatic (southern) music of India is also readily available. India's classical dance tradition suffered a great loss during the British occupation, and is still being rebuilt. (4) A large amount of of SE Asian music and dance (Cambodian, Thai, Lao, etc.) was lost during the European conquests and wars of the 20th century. Current efforts to revive the tradition, however praiseworthy, still have to overcome a severe discontinuity between past and present. (5) Traditional Indonesian wayang performance and gamelan music has enjoyed far more continuity than music and dance on the mainland. However, especially with gamelan, there is a tradition of rapid change (however paradoxical that may seem) so what one sees and hears today is likely to be a contemporary composition within a traditional form. The snake or dragon, a creature of myth and legend. Nagas were worshiped as nature deities in early India and Southeast Asia. Nagas are associated with water, the underground, the heavens (as "riders on the storm"), and fertility. Attitudes towards them are ambivalent because they are such impressive yet deadly animals. Representations in art and architecture include: Naga bridges, platforms, and staircases whose Serpent balustrades symbolize a rainbow bridge between the earthly and celestial worlds. Shesha , on which Vishnu reclines during his cosmic sleep. In his Varaha incarnation, Vishnu rescues Bhu Devi from a snake demon who had abducted her beneath the ocean. Vasuki , the cosmic serpent who is "roped" into churning the Sea of Milk. A "serpent king," the typical guardian figure of East Asian temples. It has the form of a standing human whose face is framed by multiple cobra hoods. (Japan) A style of Shinto architecture in which the building's roof flows down to cover a porch. A bull, Shiva's vahana . The courtyard of most Shiva temples includes a sculpture of Nandi, who kneels riderless and faces the shrine in adoration. Nandi is called "Preah Ko" (The Divine Bull) in Cambodia, as in the temple of the same name at Angkor. A trident above a circle. In Buddhism, the circle symbolizes the Dharma , and the trident symbolizes the triratna . The nandipada also appears in Jain art, but is older than either faith. An 8th-9th century kingdom of China, based in Yunnan ( Wikipedia ). Shiva as Lord of the Dance. See: Shiva Nataraja . The native, animist gods of Burma. In earlier times they were portrayed as generic nature spirits, but in later times the most important of them were given individual names, attributes, and histories. They also include some Hindu gods. "Governor," the title of those who ruled states or provinces under the overlordship of the Vijayanagara kings. After the fall of Vijayanagara, the Nayakas converted their domains into independent kingdoms ruled by themselves. (Arabic) A memorial stele. Nabataean nefesh were shaped like obelisks, pyramids, or cones. (Egypt) The vulture, symbol of Upper Egypt. Neo-Confucian orthodoxy originated in China's Song dynasty (Zhu Xi, 1130-1200). It was officially established by the Korean state, replacing Buddhism, at the beginning of the Joseon dynasty (1398, Confucian Academy). Confucianism in general (Kong Fuzi, 551-478 BC) was a rationalist social philosophy that emphasized filiality, patriarchy, social deference, ritual, and hierarchy as the useful foundation of an orderly and productive society. Confucians valued the group over the individual, and considered personal passion (including sexual and religious enthusiasm) to be detrimental to social cohesion. Neo-Confucianism systemized these ideas in the form of a philosophical opposition between li (order) and qi (chaos): reason/passion concepts/things ideas/materiality In comparative terms we can speak of Apollo vs. Dionysius (Greece), Ma'at vs. Isfet (Egypt), Dharma vs. Adharma (India), Classicism vs. Romanticism (Europe), Reason vs. Religion (Europe again), etc. These are very ancient dichotomies. Neo-Confucian philosophy, and Asian political philosophy in general, emphasizes the "law-and-order" branch, but that is a universal impulse that can be found to varying degrees in every human society. Any of the nine symbolic "treasures" (auspicious objects) of Kubera , relating generally to good fortune and the bounty of the earth. Nidhis appear in aniconic form, and may also be personified as pot-bellied dwarfs like the ganas . An elephant demon, friend of Andhaka , who was slain during his battle with Shiva . Shiva Gajasamharara is the depiction, in art, of Shiva dancing underneath the butchered hide or head of the elephant. One of the more obscure Dikpalas , the directional guardian of the southwest. Nirriti is a fierce form of Shiva who holds a human head. (Japan) A masked dance-drama presenting stories from legend and history. Noh originated in the 14c - 15c and continues to be performed today, although it is often overshadowed nowadays by the more popular kabuki . See: The World of Noh. A magical association between specific numbers and some aspect of the divine. For example, the number 108 is often associated with the Buddha because its prime-number decomposition (108 = 27x4 = 3x3x3x2x2 = three threes times two twos) is considered auspicious. Similarly 49 = 7 x 7, and 81 = 9 x 9 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3. A narrow tapering column of stone that is capped by a pyramid. A small multipurpose theater, used for music recitals, dramatic readings, and meetings. A spout cut into the wall of a shrine, that carries the runoff of liquid offerings from inside the shrine to the outside. (Korea) The traditional system of under-floor heating in Korea, that was in use as early as 1000 BC and is still, with modern improvements, used today in traditional homes. Essentially it consists of a wood fire whose heat is directed by conduits underneath the tiled floor. (Japan) Lecherous horned devils of ferocious mien and low intelligence. Their folklore derives originally from China. (Egypt) A pious ceremony by which a pharaoh's son and successor, dressed in a priestly animal skin, magically causes the mummy of his deceased father to be able to breathe in the afterlife, thus legitimating the transfer of power. A form of divination practised in Shang China, in which a specially-prepared turtle plastron or ox shoulder bone was heated, and the yes/no answer read off from the resulting pattern of cracks. The questions, inscribed on the bone, form a valuable corpus of early Chinese writing. (Egypt) Osiris , the god of the dead, is associated with fertility and the annual flooding of the Nile. He is the Egyptian counterpart of Tammuz and Adonis , a vegetation god who is dismembered by Set and magically reconstituted by Isis . He impregnates Isis, descends to rule the underworld, and is ultimately avenged by their son Horus . In the religious foundation of Egyptian kingship, Osiris is identified with the dead pharaoh and Horus with his son and successor. "Lotus Bearer," a form of Avalokiteshvara , the Bodhisattva of Compassion. The lotus that he holds is a symbol of purity and salvation. A multi-storied tower that enshrines Buddhist relics, the ultimate form of the stupa in East Asia. See also: dagoba and paya . The architecture of the pagoda is an amalgam of the Han Chinese watchtower and the chattra (mast) of the Indian stupa. A formal entrance gate to a sacred or secular precinct. This type of gate is roofed but not enclosed, and has an odd number (one, three, or five) of side-by-side, squared, post-and-lintel archways. A 6th - 9th century dynasty in Southern India. The pose in sculpture that symbolizes the Buddha's death and transcendence, reclining on his right side with his head pointing north. In Sri Lanka, there is a slightly different "sleeping pose" that is sometimes distinguished from the parinirvana itself. Parvati, also called Uma, is a daughter of the Himalayas (personified) and the primary consort of Shiva. In Madurai, she is known as Minakshi . An animal associated with Shiva and Parvati, especially as the vehicle of their son Karttikeya . The triangular (or sometimes, arched) apex of a portico, door, or window. A Buddhist group of five figures: a Buddha in the center, flanked by two Bodhisattvas and two disciples. See: Amida pentad . A drawing or graffito that is incised onto the surface of a rock. This kind of rock art is most often found in the desert, where chemical processes over time have deposited a thin, dark layer of "desert varnish" upon the rock surface. Scratching through this layer, into the pristine rock below, produces a legible, contrasting line. (1) The Firebird of the West (2) The Fenghuang of the East Any ancient rock painting. Pictograms, unlike petroglyphs, are painted rather than scratched onto the surface. A European technique of colored stone inlay, also used in the Mughal Empire. The Italian term means "hard stone." An engaged column. A Chinese lute , like the Japanese Biwa . The origin of Chinese Porcelain can be traced back at least as far as the Eastern Han dynasty, when potters in Zhejiang province began to combine kaolin clay with high firing temperatures. Although superficially hard to recognize as such, these wares can still be classified as porcelain because of their chemical composition (kaolin, quartz) and their physical properties (hardness, impermeability, vitrification). There is a continuum of development between these early porcelains, Tang-dynasty sancai wares, Song dynasty celadon porcelains , and the thin, translucent, white "china" of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The boundaries between "true" porcelain and earlier porcelain, and between "true" celadon and earlier celadon, are actively debated by scholars. A roofed porch with columns. The day of the full moon, an occasion for special religious ceremonies and celebrations in Sri Lanka. According to tradition, the Buddha was born, achieved enlightenment, and attained Nirvana on full-moon days. A building, in Buddhist monasteries in Sri Lanka, where the monks gather to read the scriptures on poya days. The Khmer-influenced tower of a Thai temple. It is shaped like an elongated tube, with multiple layers and a variety of embellishment. (Thai) A temple, with tower, that is elevated on a terrace. An artifact by which prayers, written on cloth streamers attached to a long pole or strung on a line, are sent to heaven by the wind. Possibly they originate from Tibetan animist religion , although some authors attribute their origin to Amdo battle flags. A Tibetan Buddhist device in which written prayers are sent to heaven from inside a spinning vertical cylinder. When describing a photograph, painting, or sculpture, the "right" and "left" sides of animals, humans, and gods are designated according to the figure's point of view, e.g. proper right = viewer's left. A similar convention applies to stage directions; stage right = audience's left. The general name for a Hindu temple conplex in Bali. A general term that is applied to any personal, tribal, or national cultural property or heritage in Indonesia, such as temples, dance, music, kris, statuary, etc. The process of cutting stone blocks out of their surrounding matrix of rock. Quarrying is one of three ways to obtain stone for a building or sculpture. Another way is reuse, taking the stone from an already existing structure. The third way is excavation , taking away stone from the matrix and using what is left in place. A person's breath-energy or vital force, considered to be centered in the stomach. The local direction that is oriented towards Mecca, the direction of Moslem prayer; for example, towards the west, when one is in India. A horned dragon or chimera. The Chinese zither . A temple plan that has five towers arranged in an "X," as at Angkor Wat. (India) Rahu is an asura who stole the elixir of immortality from the devas after the Churning of the Sea of Milk and was punished by decapitation. His immortal head sails through the heavens forever, and causes eclipses by swallowing the sun. A king, in India. A line of Hindu rulers in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, from before the Muslim invasions until Independence in the 20th century. A fierce demon spirit, in India. An ancient Hindu epic, orally composed around 400 BC. Its authorship is traditionally ascribed to Valmiki. The story tells how Prince Rama of Ayodhya invaded Sri Lanka, in order to rescue his wife Sita from the clutches of King Ravana. It echoes the earlier Greek legend of Helen of Troy, as related in the Iliad (9th or 8th century BC). Ayodhya is located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in North India, about as far away as possible from the South Indian states that had actually colonized Lanka in Early Historical times (6th century BC). In the Ramayana, the island's inhabitants were characterized as demons, presumably because of their native, non-Hindu, religion and their physical and cultural distance from "civilized" India. Naturally the Lankans did not appreciate this; they finessed the insult by enshrining Vibhishana, Ravana's "good" brother in the Ramayana, as one of the island's Four Protectors . The Ramayana's Lankan episodes are not historical; they encapsulate a romantic concept of Sri Lanka as the foreign and exotic "other" of myth and fable, a "far-off and long-ago" place of untutored barbarians, exotic trade goods (spices, jewels), and religious and political conflict with Mother India. (Korea) Tablets that were set up in a palace courtyard, to indicate where the officials should stand during palace ceremonies. (1) "Chariot," a temple cart (portable shrine), conceived of as the chariot of the deity. (2) A fixed shrine, carved of stone, which resembles a temple cart. (3) A projection from the base of a temple. The demon king of Sri Lanka, a foe of Rama and Shiva . The sun god of ancient Egypt, often syncretized (combined with other deities) as Amun-Ra, Ra-Horakty, etc. A visual pun, for example "bee + leaf = belief." This kind of punning is ubiquitous in Egyptian art, due to the visual nature of Egyptian hieroglyphs. In South Asia it was sometimes used, although much more rarely, to encode religious concepts in sculptural form. Cutting back the corners of a structure into a series of indented right angles. This stabilizes the structure, introduces a pseudo-curvature in plan, and enhances its perceived verticality in elevation. A form of entertainment originating in Han dynasty China, where the performer contorts himself around a burning oil lamp while attempting to keep it upright. The canopy of a building. Important types of roof, for our purposes, include: (1) The Chinese hipped roof (without a gable): This form was reserved for the most important palace and temple buildings. (2) The Chinese hipped-gable roof: as its name suggests, this is a roof with a gable above the hip. (3) The corbeled roof, that is constructed from overlapping courses of stone. (4) The bangla roof, that imitates the curved shape of a thatched hut. Zoomorphic architectural figures, on the corners of Asian roofs, that carry apotropaic and symbolic meanings. Lalitasana, a sitting posture with one leg bent and resting horizontally. The other leg is either (1) dropped over the seat, with the foot of the horizontal leg touching the knee (lalita); or (2) bent vertically with the knee pointing upward, and the two feet touching (rajalila). A round stone, with a circular or spiral marking, that is an attribute of Vishnu . These stones are identified in the modern era as fossil ammonites . The god of Adam's Peak, a native Sri Lankan deity who is one of the Four Guardians of the island. Samantabhadra (Puxian in China) is the Bodhisattva of Meditation, who rides Indra's elephant and is depicted in triad with Shakyamuni (or, Vairocana in other traditions) and Manjusri . Since Manjusri is a Bodhisattva of Wisdom, it follows that Samantabhadra is a Bodhisattva of Compassion (they always come in pairs). In addition, though, Samantabhadra has other epithets and qualities that are especially confusing in English translation: (1) he is the Bodhisattva of Practice, which is better translated as "the Practice of Meditation"; (2) he is also the Bodhisattva of Action, which I would translate as "the Activity of Meditation." Finally, (3) he rides Indra's elephant ; this is strong evidence that he is basically the same Bodhisattva as Mahasthamaprapta ; the only difference is that they just belong to different Buddha families. (Korea) The "Four Instruments" of a Buddhist temple. These are the bells (beomjong), drums (beopgo), wooden fishes (mokeo), and cloud plates (unpan). Symbolically, playing them broadcasts the Dharma to all beings of the earth (bells), beings who are dead (drums), beings of the waters (fishes), and beings of the air (clouds). Their practical functions include being struck to announce mealtimes and other temple events. A prominent Korean monk who organized armed resistance to the Japanese during the Imjin War and negotiated a successful peace afterwards, returning three thousand Korean prisoners of war to their homeland. (China) "Three-colored:" refers to the predominant mix of cream, brown (iron), and green (copper) glazes that were applied to many Tang Dynasty ceramics. Blue (cobalt), yellow (iron), and other colors were also employed. The ceramic body, to which these glazes were applied, is classified as an early type of porcelain . The community of Buddhist believers, one of the Three Jewels of Buddhism. The classical language of India. Important categories of Sanskrit literature include the Vedas (religious poetry from ca. 1200 BC), Upanishads (Hindu philosophy, ca. 700 BC), Epics (the Ramayana and Mahabharata , ca. 300 BC), Puranas (Hindu myths, the earliest ca. 300 AD), and secular literature (e.g. Kalidasa, a 5th century AD playwright). The "Seven Mothers," fierce forms of Devi . Six are associated with male gods: Brahmani (Brahma), Maheshvari (Shiva), Kaumari (Skanda), Vaishnavi (Vishnu), Varahi (Varaha, the boar incarnation of Vishnu), and Indrani (Indra). The seventh is Chamunda. A complete series can be found at the Parashurameshvara Temple in Bhubaneshwar. Brahma's consort, the goddess of poetry and music. Her attributes include a vina , palm-leaf book, and Brahma's goose. Relics, often described as jewel-like in appearance, from the cremated body of a holy person - originally Buddha, but later any revered monk or great teacher. In Buddhist art, the wish-fulfilling jewels (cintamani) held by certain Bodhisattvas are symbolically identified with the Buddha's sarira. More generally, the term includes symbolic relics such as pieces of glass or gold leaf, or even locally-produced bits of text (sutras) called "dharma relics." Sarira sacralized the pagodas in which they were enclosed; every pagoda had to have one. A distinctive ceramic ware of 14c-15c Thailand. An important early Christian symbol that is related, although rather obscurely, to baptism and pilgrimage, Roman fountains, and the cult of Venus. The scallop shell decorates Roman exedrae well before, and long into, the Christian era. (Egypt) " Health ," a hieroglyph and personal name. (Japan). An apotropaic, fish-tailed chimera that is often seen sculpted on Japanese rooftops, in order to protect against fire. The female aspect of a god, representing the god's creative energy. (Japan) A belled walking staff that is carried by Buddhist monks. Its sound warns away insects and other small creatures, to avoid injuring them. The historical Buddha . In India, a barrel-vaulted roof. Shalas were originally made of thatch or wood, and later of brick or stone. The term applies to the barrel vaults of chaitya halls and to the barrel roofs covering some temples and shrines. It also applies to the barrel-shaped miniature roof elements that decorate the towers of many shrines and temples in south India. A fertility emblem, expressed as the pose of a yakshi who raises her arm to grasp the branch of a tree, while her opposite leg is cocked on the ball of one foot. Early belief in India held that a woman could make a tree fruitful by grasping its branches in this way. Sometimes the yakshi holds a cross-legged instead of a cocked-leg posture, and sometimes the figure is male instead of female. Technically, the term shalabhanjika should be used only for one who grasps the shal tree in this way, different terms being used for those who grasp other kinds of trees, lotus buds, vines, etc. An animist priest who would go into a trance to communicate with, or even transform into, a spirit animal (spirit guide) in order to solve problems and return benefits to the community. See also shamanism , below. Shamanism , a neolithic religious practice deriving from animism , spread across Eurasia and was introduced across the northern steppes into China, the Americas, Korea, and Japan. Shamans, or spirit mediums, were empowered to mediate between the physical and spiritual worlds, divine the will of the gods, solve societal problems, and cure disease. The earliest rulers in China and Japan were shamans who divined for the people (oracle bones in China, Queen Himiko in Japan). Shamans in Japan are attested as late as the Heian period ( Aoi, Tale of Genji ). Remnants of shamanism exist today in Africa , Burma , China , Haiti , Korea , and Mexico . (China) "Spirit Path:" a road, lined with statues of animals and men, that leads to an Imperial or other honored tomb. (China) A hand-held, mouth-blown reed organ. (Also spelled sikhara). "Mountain peak," the tower of a North Indian temple. Placed above the temple sanctuary, it represents the cosmic mountain, Mount Meru, which is located at the center of the world. In South Indian temples, the term shikhara refers only to the capping element, a small octagonal-shaped dome, at the top of the pyramidal tower. See: Parts of a North Indian Temple (Japan). A boundary rope that marks off a sacred space in Japanese Shinto. (Japan) The type of estate architecture that was used during the Heian period. (Japan) The native animist religion of Japan, encompassing the worship of kami (the gods, including divine ancestors of the Imperial line) at sacred shrines. Important aspects of Shinto include the natural setting, cleanliness, ritual purity, and ceremonial dance. (Japan) See Lokapalas . (Shaiva, adjective). One of the Hindu Great Gods, Shiva is a god of the wild mountains and forests; a master of Yoga, he symbolizes the creative and destructive power of nature. The opposite of Vishnu , Shiva is the god of outsiders, yogis, wandering ascetics, and hermits who do not fit into organized society. His primary wife is Parvati (Uma), with whom he lives in the Himalayas. Shiva's attributes in North India are the trident and snake; in the South, an antelope and axe. He rides the bull Nandi . The central image in Shiva temples is the linga . Khmer kings identified themselves as manifestations of this god. Unlike the other Hindu gods, Shiva and Parvati are frequently illustrated together as husband and wife. When their son Skanda is also shown, the group is known as Somaskanda. A form of Shiva that is half male, half female. (1) Iconography: the female side of this form displays a female breast, gently rounded belly, feminine hip, and straight leg encased in sheer "trousers." On the male side, the leg is cocked and poised, its swelling calf and thigh muscles shown off by "shorts." There is not usually much difference between the male and female sides of the face, which unifies the two sides of his/her body. (2) Symbolism: the androgyne form of Shiva expresses the Godhead as a unity of the male and female principles, an idea that is also seen at Elephanta. Although a true (metaphysical) unity is implied, such a concept can only be expressed in art by a physical union or joining. (3) See also: Harihara , for a less complete unity. Ardhanarishvara and Harihara are both examples of the syncretic impulse that tries to combine the worship of several different gods into one. Shiva as Lord of the Dance. (1) Symbolism: Shiva is lord of the cosmic dance of creation and destruction. He is active, yet aloof, like the gods on the Parthenon frieze. (By contrast, Vishnu is passive in his own creation story as he dreams the world into existence.) (2) Iconography: Surrounding Shiva, a circle of flames represents the universe, whose fire is held in Shiva's left rear palm. His left front arm crosses his chest, the hand pointing in "elephant trunk" position (gaja hasta) to his upraised left foot which signifies liberation. His right foot tramples the much put-upon dwarf Apasmara, who represents spiritual ignorance. The hand of Shiva's right front hand is raised in the "fear-not" gesture of benediction (abhaya mudra), while his right rear hand holds a drum with which he beats the measure of the dance. The snake, an emblem of Shiva, curls around his arm. His hair holds the crescent moon - another emblem - and a small image of Ganga , the river-goddess whose precipitous fall from heaven to earth is broken by Shiva's matted locks. (Japan) Literally, "writing room." A style of Japanese interior architecture used in tearooms, private studies, and reception rooms. Shoin style consists of four elements arranged in a fixed order around a low raised dais (jodan no ma): (1) tsukeshoin on the left wall, (2) tokonoma on the wall behind the dais, (3) chigaidana to the right of the tokonoma, and (4) chodaigamae on the right wall. (Japan) A paper window consisting of translucent squares of paper laid between the spaces of a thin wooden lattice. (India) The city of a miracle, in which the Buddha multiplied himself a thousand times in order to confound his opponents. Immediately noticable, on most Cambodian temple reliefs of apsarasas , are the sideways-pointing feet of the dancers. Technicallly, their reliefs are so shallow that a volumetrically extended foot would simply not fit. Artistically, the Cambodians tended to avoid figural perspective. Culturally, their sideways- pointing feet are also consistent with politeness (one should not point one's feet towards a superior). When goddesses appear in shallow relief, the feet are splayed apart rather than side-by-side; guardian figures usually have their feet set normally upon the floor. (India) The lion, a royal ("The King of Beasts") and apotropaic (" Bes ") animal in cultures ranging from Egypt to China. His bulging eyes, that are typically surrounded by concentric rings of flesh, appear memorably in the numerous sculptures of Narasimha from India, but also generally in depictions of mythological and protective lions and nagas on the lintels and sculptures of east and southeast Asia. "Lion," from a legendary clan or totemic ancestor – the majority (about 70%) Buddhist population of Sri Lanka, who are descended, according to the Mahavamsa , from an Indian Prince named Vijaya and his followers, who arrived on the island in the 6th century BC and subsequently intermarried with the local population. (Arabic) A narrow, vertical clift in the rock. The "wheel" that is attached to the back of the head in some bronze statues of Hindu gods and Buddhist bodhisattvas in South and Southeast Asia. Buddhists interpret this as the wheel of the law ( dharmachakra ); the Hindu attribute is probably a solar symbol. The flame of wisdom that issues from the Buddha's head, in sculptures of Thailand and Sri Lanka. A hand-held bronze rattle in the ancient near east that was used in temple worship. Its sound was produced by small disks of metal that were loosely strung on a wire frame. In Egypt, the instrument was especially associated with the goddess Hathor . The classical Greek ideal of imperturbability. A geographical region that includes the countries of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and adjoining territories. A geographical region that includes the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines, and adjoining territories. The first (entrance) gate of an Indonesian temple, so called because its twin uprights are not bridged by an arch. The form of this gate, which is unique to Indonesia, is especially effective in framing an up-hill approach to its temple. The architectural transition between a square room, below, and a round dome, above. A long porch that provides a gathering place and relief from the heat of Mediterranean summers. A structural temple or shrine is one that was built in the usual way, with blocks of cut stone, unlike monolithic buildings which were carved as a single unit from the rock. A Buddhist reliquary mound, that is, a domed memorial building with a solid core that enshrines relics of the Buddha or other important persons. The relics are buried inside the solid interior. Actual relics might include ashes, hairs, bone fragments, or other cremated remains. Symbolic relics might include jewels, statues, or texts. Stupas range in size from three hundred feet tall to less than six feet tall. They are made of brickwork, stone, or bronze, often gilded or whitewashed. It is considered meritorious to renew their exterior coatings periodically, sometimes to such an extent that their original decoration can no longer be made out. The most important architectural parts of a stupa, from the bottom up, are: 1. a square, elevated platform which supports the rest of the structure, and around which the worshipers circumambulate clockwise; 2. The anda (body) of the stupa, shaped like an inverted bowl or bell; 3. if the stupa is bell-shaped, a tapering neck which extends upward from the body of the bell; 4. a yasti (pole), which symbolizes the world axis; 5. the harmika, a square railing which encloses the pole as a sacred space; and 6. a set of chattras (umbrellas), centered on the pole and diminishing in diameter towards the top, which signify honor and protection like the umbrellas held over the head of kings, abbots, and other important people. The sacred world-mountain of Buddhist and Jain cosmology, equivalent to the Hindu Mt. Meru . It rests at the center of the world (the world-axis), surrounded by the four canonical rivers, oceans, and continents. Buddhist pagodas symbolize Mt. Sumeru, just as Hindu shikharas symbolize Mt. Meru. A redented square base that supports a Himalayan-style stupa . It symbolizes the foot of Mount Sumeru, the holy mountain of Buddhist cosmology. Beautiful maidens, a frequent motif on temple walls. They represent musicians, dancers, handmaidens, and other ladies of the clestial court. The Vedic sun god. He holds a lotus in either hand, and drives a chariot pulled by seven horses representing the seven days of the week. He invariably wears boots – an iconography, unique to this god, that derives ultimately from Iran. (1) The Buddhist scriptures, that were first written down as the Pali Canon in 29 BC, and subsequently expanded. (2) Other scriptures (as the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali , etc.) from the Hindu and Jain traditions. A sutra case is, simply, a temple container for the Buddhist scriptures. Octagonal revolving sutra cases were introduced from China to Korea (Baekje, 7th century or so), and from there to Japan, for devotional purposes. Revolving the case would have the same effect as reading the sutras, just as spinning a prayer wheel would have the same effect as reading the prayers. For art-history purposes, a symmetry is a spatial transformation that preserves the geometry of its figures: for example, mirror, rotational, or translational symmetries. More abstractly, it is a mathematical transformation that preserves some important property of the structure that is being transformed. A process of assimilation of the powers and attributes of one deity or set of beliefs to another, usually driven by a mixture of practical concerns (a religious power-grab, in one form or another) and theological developments. See the Wikipedia article for a broader discussion. A line of seats for clergy, around the apse of a church. The Daoist symbol of Yin and Yang . The largest minority population (18%) of Sri Lanka. Their homeland is Tamil Nadu (see below) in south India. Tamils have lived in Lanka from early times; originally as colonists, invaders, and mercenaries, and later as plantation workers brought over from India by the British. The Tamil population today is concentrated in the northern part of Sri Lanka, especially the Jaffa peninsula. The Tamil homeland, a state on the eastern coast of south India. A violent separatist organization that operated on Sri Lanka's Jaffa peninsula from 1976 until their defeat in 2009. Their goal was to carve out an independent northern homeland for the Tamil population of Sri Lanka. The organization's official name was the LTTE, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam , "Eelam" being their name for Jaffa and "Tiger" symbolizing their opposition to the Sinhalese Lion. (1) An artificial lake, usually called a baray in Cambodia, constructed by earthenwork dams for use as a reservoir for irrigation during the dry season. The largest of them are huge enough that they could easily be mistaken for natural lakes. (2) A swimming-pool sized artificial bathing pond, constructed of stone and mortar and furnished with stepped sides, architectural detailing, inlets and outlets, drains, etc. Such tanks appear both in religious and in elite secular contexts, and were designed for aesthetics as well as functionality. The larger and more elaborate pleasure tanks were lined with pavilions, decorated with sculptures, and accessed by stairs leading down into the water. An unorthodox form of Hindu worship, involving acts and substances which are normally forbidden. Moralizing stories about animals, like Aesop's Fables in the West. (China) "Monster Mask," a motif of uncertain origin but possibly related to the kirtimukha or shamanism . See: Parts of a Taotie . The Vajrayana Buddhist goddess of compassion, born from the tears of Avalokiteshvara . Often paired with Bhrikuti (wisdom) on statues of Avalokiteshvara. White Tara is the passive form of this goddess; Green Tara is the active form. 19th-century and later funeral effigies of the Toraja people in Sulawesi. The statues are a late manifestation of Torajan "ancestor worship" (as it is usually called, although "ancestor reverence" would be a more accurate term.) Made of wood and traditionally clothed, tau-tau represent specific individuals, elite family members once known by name, who are buried in nearby cave loculi. Reference: Patrick Blanche, The Tau-Tau of the Toraja . An architectural figure that supports a superstructure. In India and Southeast Asia, these are squatting dwarves; in Greece, they are classical Atlases or caryatids. The sacred precinct in which a temple is located. The home of a god. In ancient cult, the god (in the form of his statue) was literally awakened in the morning, bathed, clothed, fed, and put to sleep at night by the temple priests. In Asia, the most important part of a temple is the sanctuary, which includes both the garbhagriha (shrine that houses the main image of the god) and the sikhara (tower that is built over the shrine). The sikhara symbolizes Mt. Meru, the home of the gods (like Mt. Olympus in ancient Greece). Usually, a mandapa (entrance hall) provides access to the shrine. In some temples an antechamber, called the antarala, is built between the mandapa and the garbhagriha. Most temples in Southeast Asia face East, towards the rising sun. Exceptions include: Angkor Wat (W) , Phimai (SE) , Preah Pithu (W), Preah Vihear (N), Preah Khan (W) A Tibetan Buddhist cloth painting that can represent deities, mandalas, lineage masters, etc. A classical performance venue. Parts of a Roman theatre include: the cavea, or seating area; an orchestra, the semicircular area between the cavea and the stage; and the scenae frons, or stage backdrop. Horizontal aisles called diazomata divided the cavea into upper and lower sections. The audience entered and exited through parodoi, vaulted passageways leading to the orchestra floor on either side of the stage. Smaller tunnels, called vomitoria, debouched on the upper rows of seats. The scenae frons was a brick construction, two or three stories high, with three doors at stage level through which the actors made their entrances and exits. It was furnished with statuary niches, and brightly decorated in colored stone, marble, and plaster. A composite being with a human body and an animal's head, or sometimes vice-versa. Examples from Europe include the minotaur (man's body, bull's head) and the harpy (bird's body, woman's head); from Babylonia, the lamassu (bull's body, man's head); in ancient Egypt, almost every god in the pantheon (except for Ptah and Osiris, who were mummiform humans); in India, the avatars of Vishnu like Varaha (man-boar), Narasimha (man-lion), etc., and the nagarajas. In China, the only theriomorphs were the very early snake-bodied gods (Fuxi and Wenla) and - most often - simply humans who reincarnated as animals. A building with a circular floor plan. A representation in art of many small Buddha images together, signifying the Buddha's omnipresence to all believers in all places and times. The motif may also refer to the Miracle at Sravasti , when Buddha multiplied himself in order to confound his opponents. A trio of important Korean folk deities, usually found together in temples: the Big Dipper (Chilseong), the Hermit Sage (Deokseong), and the Mountain God (Sansin). The Big Dipper God bestows longevity, while the Hermit Sage - an old man with a white beard and long eyebrows - looks after the elderly. The Mountain God is always accompanied by his tiger. He is a local god, assisting those who visit or live upon his mountain. Korean temples may have separate halls dedicated to each god, or a single hall (called Samseonggak, meaning Three Sages Shrine) that is dedicated to all three. The Three Star Gods , i.e. the Three Lucky Gods of China, are Fu Xing (good fortune, Jupiter); Lu Xing (prosperity, Zeta Ursa Majoris); and Shou Xing (longevity, Canopus). These Daoist folk gods - often called simply "Fu Lu Shou" - date back to the Ming Dynasty, and are still popular today. A Huayan Buddhist triad with Vairocana , Manjusri , and Samantabhadra . (China; also bixie, or pixiu) A mythological winged lion. Stone statues of tianlu were deployed in pairs to guard a tomb. They are sometimes called "chimeras," although they have no connection to the Western chimera. Tianlu means "heaven's blessing," Bixie means "averting evil," and Pixiu is the ninth Son of the Dragon. Some scholars distinguish these terms in various ways (e.g., tianlu = one horn, bixie = two horns), but usage is inconsistent. The winged lion, a common artistic motif in Eurasia, is often said to have been introduced to China across its western border during the Han dynasty. However, the form actually appears in China as early as the Eastern Zhou: for example, in the late 4th century BC, bronze winged beasts from the Zhongshan tombs in Hebei province. References: (1) R. L. Thorp, Son Of Heaven , pp. 134 and 186-7; (2) Li Ling, The Lion in Cultural Exchange Between China and the West ; (3) Catherine Dzalba-Lyndis, Les "Bixie" monumentaux des Han Orientaux . A 3x3 subdivision of the visual plane that provides a framework for the aesthetic and conceptual design of some ancient art. There are examples from cultures as diverse as China and Rome . Don't confuse this, though, with the modern rule of thirds that is used in photography. The rule of thirds focuses on the intersection points of tic-tac-toe lines, whereas the older 3x3 organization is based upon the cells that are bounded by those lines. The symbolic marks of Vishnu or Shiva, respectively. Any space-filling, geometric pattern. Tilings of the plane were especially important in Islamic art, where figural representation was deprecated. A unique framework of columns and beams that supports traditional Chinese wooden buildings. See also dougong . (Pronounced "teer-TAHNK-uh-ruh") A savior in the Jain religion. The word means "ford maker," one who has found the way to cross over into spiritual perfection. In the Jain tradition there are 24 tirthankaras, but only the last (Mahavira) is a historical figure. A partial list is provided below: #1. Adinath, a legendary culture hero who tought men the Jain religion and the arts of civilization. His symbol is the bull. #1a. Gommateshvara, the son of Adinath, is an important Jain saint but not a tirthankara. #8. Chandraprabha is an ascetic whose symbol is the moon. #16. Shantinath's name means "Lord Peace." His symbol is an antelope or deer. #22. Neminath is associated with Krishna. His symbol is a conch shell. #23. Parshvanath is protected by a multi-headed cobra. Some people think that Parshvanath may have lived in the 8th century BC and that he may have founded a precursor sect whose doctrines were adopted by Mahavira. #24. Mahavira, the historical founder of the Jain religion. Mahavira (599-527 BC) was an older contemporary of Buddha, and his career parallels that of the Buddha in many respects. His symbol is the lion. (Japan) A large alcove in a shoin interior, where painting, calligraphy, or a flower arrangement could be displayed. A free-standing ceremonial gateway; originally, a gateway with posts and crosspieces, sometimes elaborately decorated and carved, in front of a Buddhist stupa. Surviving toranas are made of stone, in imitation of earlier wooden architecture. (Japan) A shrine gate. Its basic form consists of a curved crosspiece that spans two uprights. This word, like all Japanese nouns, is both singular and plural: one torii, two torii. (1) The cosmological tortoise symbolizes strength and longevity, supports the world upon its mighty shell, participates in the Dark Warrior constellation, and upholds the Emperor's proclamations. (2) In tantri folklore, a turtle escapes its hunters by gripping a stick that is carried away by birds. In some versions the escape is successful, in other versions the foolish turtle lets go of the stick. A tapering quadrilateral, important as a window void in early stone architecture. Examples: Basta , Ayutthaya . The home of the gods on Mount Meru. Also called "The Heaven of the Thirty-three Gods." Here Buddha preached a sermon to his reborn mother and to the gods, after which he descended again to earth, accompanied by Brahma and Indra. In depictions of this scene, Brahma (four heads, hair piled up, holding a parasol over the Buddha) is on the viewer's left; Indra (one head, wearing a crown) is on the viewer's right. Many variations are possible: the positions of Brahma and Indra may be reversed, Indra may hold the parasol, and one or both deities' attributes or headgear may be omitted or altered. (Angkor) Sooner or later - in the absence of intervention - the jungle covers all, as seen both in Mesoamerica and, more to our purposes here, at Angkor, where encroaching trees have sunk their aerial roots deep into the stones of the temples. By now, they are often the only things holding the temples up; but when they die, the temples will fall down. (1) A Buddhist sculptural group of three figures that consists of a Buddha in the center, flanked by two Bodhisattvas. (2) A Hindu sculptural group of three figures that consists of a god in the center, flanked by two consorts. (3) An Egyptian sculptural group of three figures that consists of a pharaoh in the center, flanked by two nome deities. In Asian art, a standing posture in which the figure is oppositely curved at waist and neck to form a gentle "S" shape. A Roman dining room with three benches. A Daoist three-line diagram that consists of any combination of yin (broken) and yang (solid) lines, used in divination and the I Ching. (1) Any triple form (tri-murti) of a Hindu god or goddess. (2) The Hindu Trinity, that consists of three Great Gods: Vishnu as Preserver, Shiva as Destroyer, and Brahma as Creator. Vishnu's color is black/blue, symbolizing the fertile earth; Shiva's is white, symbolizing the cremation grounds, or black, symbolizing his earlier role as a forest deity; Brahma's is red, the color of fire. The Buddhist scriptures (sutras and commentaries), as known from various collections such as the Pali Canon. The Korean Tripitaka was first carved in 1087, destroyed in the Mongol invasion of 1232, and recarved in 1236-1251. It consists of over 80,000 large wooden printing blocks of double folio size (about 27 1/2 x 9 1/2 in.) It was used as the reference version for China's Buddhist canon and is currently housed in Haeinsa temple , Gyeongsangnam province. The Buddhist "Three Jewels:" Dharma , Buddha , and Sangha . (1) Poseidon's spear. (2) Shiva's trident. (3) The Buddhist triratna . An ethnic masked dance that impersonates Oni and other folkloric creatures. Performed from Kamakura times onward. See: tortoise . A type of elite burial that consists of a large circular earthen mound above an underground pit or chamber. This form of burial seems to have originated in Mongolia, from where it spread directly to Korea, China, India (the stupa ), and Japan (the kofun , via Korea). The area between an arch and its lintel . (Thailand) The main temple building that is used for sermons, ordinations, and other monastic services, and that contains the temple's principal Buddha statue. Hindu religious and philosophical writings, from about 700 BC. The Upanishads introduce the idea of a world-soul ( Brahman ), a personal soul ("Atman"), and the ultimate identity of the two. (Sri Lanka) The Sinhalese name of Vishnu , one of the Four Guardians of Sri Lanka. 1. (Political usurpation) Taking another's rulership as one's own. 2. (Usurpation of monuments) Taking another's monuments as one's own. 3. (Religious usurpation) Taking another's gods as one's own. For example, in ancient Mesopotamia, a conqueror would physically carry off the gods from the city he conquered back to his home city, thereby transferring the protection of those gods to himself and withdrawing their protection from the city he conquered. (Sri Lanka) Buddhist shrines or entrance gates that are placed at the four cardinal points (i.e. north, south, east, and west) of a stupa. The word is usually pronounced, and often spelled, as "wahalkada." (Also "vehicle," or "mount") The symbolic animal on which a god rides. The highest deity in the Huayan (Kegon) school of Buddhism. According to this esoteric school, all the universes and Buddhas emanate from Vairocana. The god is often depicted in a triad, called the Three Worthies , with Manjusri and Samantabhadra . Chief of the four Heavenly Kings and Guardian of the North direction; a form of Kubera . (Skt.; Jp. Kongo) "Thunderbolt," an attribute of several Hindu and Buddhist divinities (Bodhisattvas, Dvarapalas, etc.) that symbolizes power and strength. "Vajra Bearer," the Bodhisattva of Power. Vajrapani is depicted holding a vajra and, as Mahasthamaprapta, riding an elephant. Vajrapani was originally Indra, the Vedic sky-god who also wields a thunderbolt and rides an elephant. (1) In early Mahayana Buddhism, e.g. at Ajanta, Vajrapani was paired with Padmapani ("Lotus Bearer.") (2) In Vajrayana Buddhism, Vajrapani was identified as Mahasthamaprapta ("Strong as an Elephant.") (3) Dvarapalas, who guard the Buddhist temple gates, are sometimes also called vajrapanis when holding the thunderbolt. One of the Dikpalas , the guardian of the west. Varuna is the Hindu god of the ocean. He holds a lasso and rides a makara . "Wealth-giver," the Nepalese Buddhist counterpart of Sri Lakshmi . Her attributes include a spray of jewels and sheaf of grain. A naga king who allowed himself to be used as the "rope" in the Churning of the Sea of Milk. A circular Buddhist temple from ancient or medieval Sri Lanka, with roof and columned walkway, that enclosed a small dagoba with Buddha images at the four cardinal points. Vayu, one of the Dikpalas who is guardian of the northwest direction, is the Hindu god of the wind. He holds a banner and rides an antelope. The original scriptures of India, such as the Rig Veda (ca. 1200 BC), that describe the early Hindu gods: Agni, Surya, Indra, etc. (Also spelled "Veddas.") Aboriginal inhabitants (Austronesians) of Sri Lanka. A small number of Veddhas remain on the island today, where they live in a handful of villages and attempt to maintain their traditional lifestyle. For more information, see vedda.org (an advocacy website), or Wikipedia . (India) The railing that surrounds a Buddhist stupa. Before the advent of air conditioning, the walls of any multi-story building had to provide sufficient openings for ventilation and light, yet also had to be thick enough to support the upper levels. Solutions, in Mughal India, included wind towers and water curtains. (Sri Lanka) A traditional style of Kandyan dance. Ravana's "good" brother in the Ramayana ; one of the Four Guardians of Sri Lanka. "Wisdom-bearer," a small figure who carries a garland and flies above the head of a god. The garland symbolizes the god's attainment of supreme spiritual wisdom. " Wisdom-king, " any of several esoteric deities who are fierce protectors of Buddhism. A Buddhist monastery. Some viharas in Asia were caves (excavated, modified, or natural). The floor plan of cave-viharas consisted of a large central open area for communal activities, surrounded by small individual side-chambers where the monks could sleep. Other viharas were built structures, with a variety of arrangements and floor plans. In SE Asia, an "image hall" -- any temple building that houses a significant Buddha image for worship. "City of Victory," the capital of a large and powerful Hindu empire in the Deccan between the 14th and 16th centuries. A Buddhist layman who debated on equal terms with the Bodhisattva Manjusri , in order to show that all beings have the potential for enlightenment. The sanctuary of a South Indian temple, ie, the building that contains the cult image. A musical instrument whose strings are carried over a long neck, with resonating gourds on either end. It is an attribute of Sarasvati , of various surasundaris , and of one form of Shiva . (Vaishnava, adjective.) A solar deity, one of three great gods in India, the other two being Shiva and Devi . Vishnu upholds cosmic law and righteousness through many incarnations , in order to protect mankind from disorder and chaos. His attributes include the chakra (a disk or wheel that is both a weapon and a sun symbol), conch (blown before battle), orb (symbolizing the earth), and club. He rides Garuda , a bird-man who is the enemy of snakes and is usually depicted grasping them in his claws. See also: Ananta , and Avatar . The Dutch East Indies Company, Vereenigde Oost Indische Compagnie. A thank-you offering to a temple, donated by a petitioner whose prayer had been answered. Typically this was a small ceramic figurine, that was sold by the temple to a happy customer, who immediatedly donated it back to the temple; they got him coming and going. Votive offerings are a cultural universal, although not always recognized as such; they are attested just about everywhere in the world. The vyala (N. India), or yali (S. India) is an imaginary, lion-like beast symbolic of the human passions. (1) The cobra, symbol of Lower Egypt. (2) The Eye of Horus, symbol of the Sun. (Pronounced "vaht.") A walled monastic complex in Southeast Asia that typically contains shrines, temples, chedis , and other monastic and religious buildings. Usually there is a surrounding cloister with sculptures of the seated Buddha, bas-reliefs (as at Angkor Wat), or paintings (as at Wat Phra Kaeo). The principal shrine is typically surmounted by a prang and represents Mount Meru , the traditional home of the gods. Southeast Asia today is mostly Buddhist. Historically, though, wats can be Hindu, Buddhist, or both (!) In Buddhist wats, chedis entomb relics of the founder, his family, Buddha, or other revered persons. The principal Buddha image is located in the ubosot , the main hall of the temple for group activities like assemblies, lectures, etc. Additional Buddha images, for devotional worship, are housed in the temple's viharn ("image halls"). Libraries contain either copies of the scriptures and monastic texts, or other paraphernalia, and there are separate buildings for dining, sleeping, administration, etc. Royal wats, which are private temples for the use of the royal family, do not have a resident community of monks, but otherwise follow the above pattern. Access to water is essential to life itself, and so the control of water has imposed itself upon every civilization on earth: Egypt, the "gift of the Nile;" in Africa, the precious wells of the Sahara; the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia; hydraulic civilizations in Mesopotamia and SE Asia; the floods and canals of China; and the tanks of India. Besides the natural features of lakes, rivers, and oceans, we would all do well to look for "water works" - the human engineering of dams, canals, reservoirs, sewers, aqueducts, wells, and channels - as we consider the layout of ancient sites. The premier Indonesian theatrical form. Wayang Kulit, the shadow-puppet. Wayang Golek, the stick puppet. Wayang Gedong, a masked dance. See: Wikipedia article , and Music and Dance on this site. The line-up of ceramic animals (zoomorphs) on the corner eaves of a Chinese palace roof. The number of animals determines the rank of the building. They are apotropaic , protecting against fire and other disasters. The weather gods - deities of wind and rain, of thunder and lightning - are crucial for agriculture. In Japan, they are known as Fujin and Raijin. Related deities and motifs include nagas , monsoons , Lakshmi , China's storm gods, and dragons . (Sri Lanka) A water reservoir ( "tank" ). Usually pronounced, and sometimes spelled, as vava. An entertainment that is frequently portrayed in the art of Eurasia, from China and Japan all the way across to Greece and Rome. The Queen Mother of the West, an early Chinese goddess. The Chinese unicorn, representing justice. The 7th-century Chinese Buddhist monk (see Wikipedia article ) whose travels to India inspired the classic novel Journey To The West. (Yaksha, male; yakshi, female.) An auspicious nature spirit, guardian of wealth and symbolic of fertility and abundance. The Japanese Buddha of Healing or "Medicine Buddha" ( Bhaisajyaguru ) The Lord of Hell and directional guardian of the south, multi-armed and holding a club. His mount is the buffalo. A fierce form of Manjusri , in Tibetan Buddhism The traditional aristocratic and governing class of Korea during the Joseon dynasty. A closed Confucian group that was defined by ancient heredity and lineage, they were usually successful in maintaining their status and power against kings and commoners alike. Yangban were recruited into government service by an examination system that provided for various levels of scholar/officials, like China's literati. The word "yangban" literally means "two branches," referring to parallel but unequal civil and military elites; the civilian branch was always the strongest, like the concept of "civilian rule" in the U.S. A mystical diagram used in ritual or meditation. cf mandala , mantra . The mast, or pole, that sits on top of a stupa . The Gelugpa sect of Tibetan Buddhism , founded in the late 14th century by Tsongkhapa (1357-1419). The Dalai and Panchen Lamas are members of this sect. A fundamental duality in philosophical Daoism as expressed in trigrams , the taijitu symbol, etc. Yin is feminine, dark, cold, water, and north; yang is masculine, light, heat, fire, and south. The dragon is the ultimate yin animal, and the tiger is the ultimate yang animal. Yin/yang duality is a dynamic and generative balance, rather than a static opposition; the two qualities interpenetrate within the world of phenomena. A system of physical and mental exercises designed to lead to spiritual realization. A male who practices yoga. (1) A female who practices yoga. (2) In Tantra , an independent goddess who manifests the shakti of her male counterpart. The vagina, the female generative organ. Most usually displayed, in the sculpture of India, as the base of Shiva's linga . (Japan) A kind of statue-making in which the statue is assembled from separate hollowed-out blocks of wood. The Western frontier province of China, a tourist destination that combines the Chinese pipeline of gas and electriticy through Burma and down to the Indian Ocean, in the spirit of America's "wild west." (Japan; "Chan" in China) A form of Buddhism that originated in China and that emphasizes meditation, paradox, and sudden enlightenment. The separate women's quarters of a mosque or palace. In a palace, the word means the same as harem. ("Qin" in China, "Koto" in Japan) A family of stringed musical instruments. The strings are carried over a plank-like soundboard, and played by plucking with the fingers. Twelve constellations that are arranged along the ecliptic, that is, the path of the sun through the heavens in the course of one year. See Wikipedia for more information about this. An artifact that is shaped like an animal. See also wenshou .

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