Which of the following signs of congestive cardiac failure constitute a major risk to the surgical patient undergoing anaesthesia ?: (A) Jugular venous distention and third heart sound, (B) Cardiomegaly, (C) Pedal oedema, (D) Basal crepitations on auscultation
Answer is A. Higher perioperative risk is seen with :- Systemic hypertension, elevated jugular venous pressure, pulmonary rales, the presence of third heart sound, murmurs suggestive of significant valvular disease, and vascular bruits.