Most sensitive method of non invasive monitoring of cardio-vascular ischemia in perioperative period is: (A) NIBP, (B) ECG, (C) Pulse oximeter, (D) TEE
Answer is D. Two-dimensional TEE is the most sensitive method to detect myocardial ischemia and air embolism in peri-operative periodDetection of regional wall motion abnormality a rapid and more sensitive indicator of myocardial ischemia that is the ECG.Decreased systolic wall thickening may be more reliable index for ischemia than endocardial wall motion abnormality alone.(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.1211)