A 55 year old male presents with severe chest pain radiating to the left arm. ECG shows ST segment elevation in the V4, V5 and V6 leads. CK-MB and troponin levels are found to be increased. The most likely cause for the increase in the enzymes in serum is: (A) Clumping of nuclear chromatin, (B) Lysosomal Autophagy, (C) Mitochondrial swelling, (D) Cell membrane defects
Answer is D. Answer: d) Cell membrane defectsREVERSIBLE & IRREVERSIBLE INJURIESReversible cell injuryIrreversible cell injury* Cellular swelling - first manifestation of injury* Plasma membrane - blebbing, blunting, loss of microvilli* Fatty change-lipid vacuoles in cytoplasm* Myelin figures in cytoplasm* Mitochondrial swelling and small amorphous densities* Dilation of ER, detachment of polysomes* Nucleus - disaggregation of granular and fibrillar elements* Clumping of nuclear chromatin* Cytoplasm - Myelin figures, moth eaten appearance* Lysosomal swelling* Plasma membrane damage/disruption* Decreased basophilia, Increased Eosinophilia* Marked dilation of mitochondria with large amorphous densities* Nuclear changes - pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis* The patient is having myocardial infarction which resulted from irreversible cardiac myocyte death. All other options are reversible injuries