Which of the following is the most common hematological malignancy in children with Down syndrome?: (A) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, (B) Burkitt leukemia, (C) Acute promyelocytic leukemia, (D) Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Answer is D. Children with trisomy 21 have a high risk of developing leukemia. There is 20-fold increased risk of developing acute B lymphoblastic leukemias. There is 500-fold increased risk of acute myeloid leukemias, most commonly, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.