Vesicovaginal fistula after an obstetric labour manifests after:: (A) Within 24 hours, (B) Within 72 hours, (C) Within 1st week, (D) After 1st week
Answer is D. Vesicovaginal fistula may present days to weeks after the initial inciting surgery, and those following hysterectomy typically present at 1 to 3 weeks. It classically presents with unexplained continuous urinary leakage from the vagina after a recent operation. Other less specific symptoms of genitourinary fistula include fever, pain, ileus, and bladder irritability. Ref: Hoffman B.L., Schorge J.O., Schaffer J.I., Halvorson L.M., Bradshaw K.D., Cunningham F.G., Calver L.E. (2012). Chapter 26. Genitourinary Fistula and Urethral Diveiculum. In B.L. Hoffman, J.O. Schorge, J.I. Schaffer, L.M. Halvorson, K.D. Bradshaw, F.G. Cunningham, L.E. Calver (Eds), Williams Gynecology, 2e.