BRAF gene mutation is seen in: (A) Breast carcinoma, (B) Melanoma, (C) Osteosarcoma, (D) Prostate carcinoma
Answer is B. Somatic activating mutations in the proto-oncogenes BRAF or NRAS are observed in a high propoion of melanomas. These mutations, which promote cellular proliferation and survival by activating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway, generally are mutually exclusive, since BRAF functions downstream of RAS. (Robbins Basic Pathology, 9 th edition. page : 867)