"a" wave in JVP indicates:: (A) Atrial systole, (B) Ventricular systole, (C) Atrial relaxation, (D) Tricuspid regurgitation
Answer is A. A wave: Arc positive waves due to distention producedby right atrial contraction Large a waves: Indicate atrium is contracting against increased resistance tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension.
Cannon S waves
Regularly: During junctional rhythm. Irregularly: complete Heart Block. Absent a waves: Atrial Fibrillation