Transitional cell carcinoma bladder caused by: (A) Schistosomiasis, (B) Ascariasis, (C) Malaria, (D) None
Answer is A. Risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder -
1. Smoking → Major etiological factor.
2. Occupational exposure to chemicals → Nephthylamine benzidine, aniline dyes, acrolein.
3. Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharziasis) → It is a risk factor for both TCC & SCC.
4. Drugs → Phenacetin 
5. Cyclophosphamide therapy 
6. Pelvic irradiation