The following are risk factors for developing cholangiocarcinoma except -: (A) Choledochal cyst, (B) Cholelithiasis, (C) Liver flukes, (D) Working in the rubber industry
Answer is D. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon tumour that can arise anywhere in the biliary tree, from the intrahepatic bile ducts (20-25% of cases) and the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts at the liver hilum (50-60%) to the distal common bile duct (20%). It accounts for only 1.5% of all cancers but the incidence is increasing. The cause is unknown but thetumour is associated with gallstones, primary and secondary sclerosing cholangitis, Caroli's disease and choledochal cysts . ref Harrison 20th edition pg 567