Hypochloremic alkalosis is seen in: March 2009: (A) Achalasia cardia, (B) Congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis, (C) Ureterosigmoidostomy, (D) Diarrhea
Answer is B. Ans. B: Congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis Blood tests in congenital pyloric stenosis reveals hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis due to loss of gastric acid (which contain hydrochloric acid and potassium) persistent vomiting; these findings can be seen with severe vomiting from any cause. The potassium is decreased fuher by the body's release of aldosterone, in an attempt to compensate for the hypovolaemia due to the severe vomiting. Chronic hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis occurs secondary to ureterosigmoidostomy.