In a survey, many children are examined and were found to have urogenital abnormalities. Which congenital anomaly is associated with an increased risk of bladder carcinoma ?: (A) Medullary sponge kidney, (B) Double ureter, (C) Unilateral renal agensis, (D) Bladder exstrophy
Answer is D. Congenital anomalies associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer are: patent urachus exstrophy bladder Both increase the risk for adenocarcinoma.