All of the following is used in treatment of women having stress incontinence associated with intrinsic sphincter deficiency, except: (A) Pubovaginal slings, (B) Urethral bulking agent injection, (C) Tension - free vaginal tape, (D) Needle suspension procedures
Answer is D. Needle suspension is where proximal urethra is suspended by anterior abdominal wall.
It has low long - term success rates, so no longer recommended.