Innate immunity is stimulated by which pa of bacteria that acts as a danger signal?: (A) Cell wall carbohydrate sequence, (B) Flagella, (C) Bacterial cell membrane, (D) Nucleus
Answer is A. Conserved antigenic patterns in bacteria such as unmethylated CpG DNA, flagellin, and lipid and carbohydrate structures in the bacterial cell wall serve as danger signals to activate innate immunity, resulting in local inflammation and theinflux of the macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.