Which of the following is an example of Type E adverse drug reaction?: (A) Withdrawal reaction, (B) Teratogenesis, (C) Augmented response, (D) Toxicity
Answer is A. Adverse Drug Reactions are noxious or unintended effects produced by drugs. These may be classified as Type A: Augmented pharmacologic effects - Dose dependent and predictable e.g. hypoglycemia caused by anti-hyperglycemic drugs like sulfonylureas Type B: Bizarre effects (or idiosyncratic) - Dose independent and unpredictable e.g. allergic reactions caused by penicillins Type C: Chronic effects e.g. peptic ulcer caused by chronic use of NSAIDs Type D: Delayed effects e.g. teratogenicity caused by thalidomide Type E: End-of-treatment effects e.g. withdrawal response to morphine Type F: Failure of therapy