The most common cause of Renal scarring in a 3 year old child is: (A) Trauma, (B) Tuberculosis, (C) Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis, (D) Interstitial nephritis
Answer is C. vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been considered the most impoant risk factor for post-UTI renal scar formation in children. VUR predisposes children with UTI to pyelonephritis, and both are associated with renal scarring. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition