Contraindications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is:: (A) Coagulopathy, (B) Obstructive pulmonary disease, (C) End stage liver disease, (D) All of the above
Answer is D. Ans. (d) All of the aboveRef: Page 514/ Blumgart 5th ednContraindications to Laparoscopic cholecystectomyAbsolute* Unable to tolerate general anesthesia* Refractory coagulopathy* Suspiciion of carcinomaRelative* Previous upper abdominal surgery* Cholangitis* Diffuse peritonitis* Cirrhosis or portal hypertension* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease* Cholecystenteric fisula* Morbid obesity* Pregnancy