Given a mapping between items and their required probability of occurrence, generate a million items randomly subject to the given probabilities and compare the target probability of occurrence versus the generated values.

The total of all the probabilities should equal one. (Because floating point arithmetic is involved, this is subject to rounding errors).

aleph   1/5.0
beth    1/6.0
gimel   1/7.0
daleth  1/8.0
he      1/9.0
waw     1/10.0
zayin   1/11.0
heth    1759/27720 # adjusted so that probabilities add to 1
Related task

 Random number generator (device)


 
using System;
 
class Program
{
    static long TRIALS = 1000000L;
    private class Expv
    {
        public string name;
        public int probcount;
        public double expect;
        public double mapping;
 
        public Expv(string name, int probcount, double expect, double mapping)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.probcount = probcount;
            this.expect = expect;
            this.mapping = mapping;
        }
    }
 
    static Expv[] items = {
        new Expv("aleph", 0, 0.0, 0.0), new Expv("beth", 0, 0.0, 0.0),
        new Expv("gimel", 0, 0.0, 0.0), new Expv("daleth", 0, 0.0, 0.0),
	new Expv("he", 0, 0.0, 0.0),    new Expv("waw", 0, 0.0, 0.0),
	new Expv("zayin", 0, 0.0, 0.0), new Expv("heth", 0, 0.0, 0.0)
    };
 
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        double rnum, tsum = 0.0;
        Random random = new Random();
 
        for (int i = 0, rnum = 5.0; i < 7; i++, rnum += 1.0)
        {
            items[i].expect = 1.0 / rnum;
            tsum += items[i].expect;
        }
        items[7].expect = 1.0 - tsum;
 
        items[0].mapping = 1.0 / 5.0;
        for (int i = 1; i < 7; i++)
            items[i].mapping = items[i - 1].mapping + 1.0 / ((double)i + 5.0);
        items[7].mapping = 1.0;
 
        for (int i = 0; i < TRIALS; i++)
        {
            rnum = random.NextDouble();
            for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
                if (rnum < items[j].mapping)
                {
                    items[j].probcount++;
                    break;
                }
        }
 
        Console.WriteLine("Trials: {0}", TRIALS);
        Console.Write("Items:          ");
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
            Console.Write(items[i].name.PadRight(9));
        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.Write("Target prob.:   ");
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
            Console.Write("{0:0.000000} ", items[i].expect);
        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.Write("Attained prob.: ");
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
            Console.Write("{0:0.000000} ", (double)items[i].probcount / (double)TRIALS);
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}
 