As described in UTF-8 and in Wikipedia, UTF-8 is a popular encoding of (multi-byte) Unicode code-points into eight-bit octets.

The goal of this task is to write a encoder that takes a unicode code-point (an integer representing a unicode character) and returns a sequence of 1-4 bytes representing that character in the UTF-8 encoding.

Then you have to write the corresponding decoder that takes a sequence of 1-4 UTF-8 encoded bytes and return the corresponding unicode character.

Demonstrate the functionality of your encoder and decoder on the following five characters:

Character   Name                                  Unicode    UTF-8 encoding (hex)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A           LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A                U+0041     41
ö           LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS   U+00F6     C3 B6
Ж           CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE           U+0416     D0 96
€           EURO SIGN                             U+20AC     E2 82 AC
𝄞           MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF                 U+1D11E    F0 9D 84 9E

Provided below is a reference implementation in Common Lisp.

fn main() {
    let chars = vec!('A', 'ö', 'Ж', '€', '𝄞');
    chars.iter().for_each(|c| {
        let mut encoded = vec![0; c.len_utf8()];
        c.encode_utf8(&mut encoded);
        let decoded = String::from_utf8(encoded.to_vec()).unwrap();
        let encoded_string = encoded.iter().fold(String::new(), |acc, val| format!("{}{:X}", acc, val));
        println!("Character: {}, Unicode:{}, UTF-8 encoded:{}, Decoded: {}", c, c.escape_unicode(), encoded_string , decoded);
    });
}
 