Control Structures
These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in:

 Conditional structures
 Exceptions
 Flow-control structures
 Loops

Task

List the conditional structures offered by a programming language. See Wikipedia: conditionals for descriptions.

Common conditional structures include if-then-else and switch.

Less common are arithmetic if, ternary operator and Hash-based conditionals.

Arithmetic if allows tight control over computed gotos, which optimizers have a hard time to figure out.



if  y  then @=6                        /* Y  must be either   0  or  1  */
 
if t**2>u  then x=y                    /*simple  IF  with  THEN & ELSE. */
           else x=-y
 
if t**2>u  then do j=1  for 10;  say prime(j);  end    /*THEN  DO  loop.*/
           else x=-y                                   /*simple  ELSE.  */
 
if z>w+4  then do                                      /*THEN  DO group.*/
               z=abs(z)
               say 'z='z
               end
          else do;  z=0;  say 'failed.';  end          /*ELSE  DO group.*/
 
if x>y  &  c*d<sqrt(pz) |,             /*this statement is continued [,]*/
   substr(abc,4,1)=='~'  then  if  z=0  then call punt
                                        else nop       /*NOP pairs up IF*/
                         else  if  z<0  then z=-y      /*alignment helps*/