Gray code
Karnaugh maps
Create functions to encode a number to and decode a number from Gray code.

Display the normal binary representations, Gray code representations, and decoded Gray code values for all 5-bit binary numbers (0-31 inclusive, leading 0's not necessary).

There are many possible Gray codes. The following encodes what is called "binary reflected Gray code."

Encoding (MSB is bit 0, b is binary, g is Gray code):

if b[i-1] = 1
   g[i] = not b[i]
else
   g[i] = b[i]
Or:

g = b xor (b logically right shifted 1 time)
Decoding (MSB is bit 0, b is binary, g is Gray code):

b[0] = g[0]

for other bits:
b[i] = g[i] xor b[i-1]
Reference
 Converting Between Gray and Binary Codes. It includes step-by-step animations.
def grey_encode(n) -> int:
    return n ^ (n >> 1)
 
def grey_decode(n) -> int:
    var p = n
    n = n >> 1
    while n != 0:
        p = p ^ n
        n = n >> 1
    return p
 
for(32) i:
    let g = grey_encode(i)
    let b = grey_decode(g)
    print(number_to_string(i, 10, 2) + " : " +
          number_to_string(i,  2, 5) + " ⇾ " +
          number_to_string(g,  2, 5) + " ⇾ " +
          number_to_string(b,  2, 5) + " : " +
          number_to_string(b, 10, 2))