Task

Show how to use the following math constants and functions in your language   (if not available, note it):

   e   (base of the natural logarithm)
   



π


{\displaystyle \pi }


   square root
   logarithm   (any base allowed)
   exponential   (ex )
   absolute value   (a.k.a. "magnitude")
   floor   (largest integer less than or equal to this number--not the same as truncate or int)
   ceiling   (smallest integer not less than this number--not the same as round up)
   power   (xy )


Related task

   Trigonometric Functions


use POSIX; # for floor() and ceil()
 
exp(1); # e
4 * atan2(1, 1); # pi
sqrt($x); # square root
log($x); # natural logarithm; log10() available in POSIX module
exp($x); # exponential
abs($x); # absolute value
floor($x); # floor
ceil($x); # ceiling
$x ** $y; # power
 
use Math::Trig;
pi; # alternate way to get pi
 
use Math::Complex;
pi; # alternate way to get pi