ciol-research/GPT2-UKILv1
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{
"id": 1,
"lower_text": [
"1 The word “BENGAL” was omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"2 The word “Provincial” was omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)",
"3 The second paragraph was added by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)"
],
"name": "The Districts Act, 1836",
"num_of_sections": 1,
"published_date": "11th September, 1836",
"related_act": [
430
],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 1,
"details": "It shall be lawful for the 2*** Government, by notification in the official Gazette, to create new districts in any part of Bangladesh. 3Government may, from time to time, alter the limits of the existing districts in any part of Bangladesh.",
"name": "Power to create new Districts",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
}
],
"text": ""
} |
{
"id": 2,
"lower_text": [],
"name": "The Public Accountant's Default Act, 1850",
"num_of_sections": 6,
"published_date": "22nd March, 1850",
"related_act": [],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 2,
"details": "1. Every public accountant shall give security for the due discharge of the trusts of his office, and for the due account of all moneys which shall come into his possession or control, by reason of his office.",
"name": "Public Accountants to give security",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
},
{
"act_id": 2,
"details": "2. In default of any Act having special reference to the office of any public accountant, the security given shall be of such amount and kind, real or personal, or both, and with such sureties (regard being had to the nature of the office), as shall be required by any rules made or to be made from time to time, by the authority by which each public accountant is appointed to his office.",
"name": "Amount and kind of security, and with what sureties",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 2
},
{
"act_id": 2,
"details": "3. For the purposes of sections 1 and 2 of this Act, the expression “public accountant” means any person who as Official Assignee or Trustee, or as sarbarahkar, is entrusted with the receipt, custody or control of any moneys or securities for money, or the management of any lands belonging to any other person or persons; and for the purposes of sections 4 and 5 of this Act the expression shall also include any person who, by reason of any office held by him in the service of the State is entrusted with the receipt, custody or control of any moneys or securities for money, or the management of any lands belonging to the Government.",
"name": "“Public accountant” defined",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 3
},
{
"act_id": 2,
"details": "4. The person or persons at the head of the office to which any public accountant belongs may proceed against any such public accountant and his securities for any loss or defalcation in his accounts, as if the amount thereof were an arrear of land-revenue due to Government.",
"name": "Prosecution of accountants and sureties",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 4
},
{
"act_id": 2,
"details": "5. All Regulations and Acts now or hereafter to be in force for the recovery of arrears of land-revenue due to Government, and for recovery of damages by any person wrongfully proceeded against for any such arrear shall apply, with such changes in the forms of procedure as are necessary to make them applicable to the case, to the proceedings against and by such public accountant.",
"name": "Enactments applied to proceedings by and against accountants",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 5
},
{
"act_id": 2,
"details": "6. Repealed by the Repealing Act, 1870 (Act No. XIV of 1870).",
"name": "Repealed",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 6
}
],
"text": "For avoiding loss by the default of Public Accountants. Preamble For better avoidance of loss through the default of public accountants; It is enacted as follows:-"
} |
{
"id": 3,
"lower_text": [],
"name": "The Judicial Officer's Protection Act, 1850",
"num_of_sections": 1,
"published_date": "4th April, 1850",
"related_act": [],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 3,
"details": "1. No Judge, Magistrate, Justice of the Peace, Collector or other person acting judicially shall be liable to be sued in any Civil Court for any act done or ordered to be done by him in the discharge of his judicial duty, whether or not within the limits of his jurisdiction: Provided that he at the time, in good faith, believed himself to have jurisdiction to do or order the act complained of; and no officer of any Court or other person, bound to execute the lawful warrants or orders of any such Judge, Magistrate, Justice of the Peace, Collector or other person acting judicially shall be liable to be sued in any Civil Court, for the execution of any warrant or order, which he would be bound to execute, if within the jurisdiction of the person issuing the same.",
"name": "Non-liability to suit of officers acting judicially, for official acts done in good faith, and of officers executing warrants and orders",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
}
],
"text": "An Act for the protection of Judicial Officers. Preamble FOR the greater protection of Magistrates and others acting judicially; It is enacted as follows:-"
} |
{
"id": 4,
"lower_text": [
"1 The word \"Bangladesh\" was substituted, for the word \"Pakistan\" by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)",
"2 The words “in the service of the Republic” were substituted, for the words “in the service of the Government” by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)."
],
"name": "The Public Servants (Inquiries) Act, 1850",
"num_of_sections": 24,
"published_date": "1st November, 1850",
"related_act": [
75,
430
],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "1. Repealed by the Repealing Act, 1870 (Act No. XIV of 1870).",
"name": "Repealed",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "2. Whenever the Government shall be of opinion that there are good grounds for making a formal and public inquiry into the truth of any imputation of misbehaviour by any person 2in the service of the Republic not removable from his appointment without the sanction of the Government, it may cause the substance of the imputations to be drawn into distinct articles of charge, and may order a formal and public inquiry to be made into the truth thereof.",
"name": "Articles of charge to be drawn out for public inquiry into conduct of certain public servants",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 2
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "3. The inquiry may be committed either to the Court, Board or other authority to which the person accused is subordinate, or to any other person or persons, to be specially appointed by the Government, commissioners for the purpose: notice of which commission shall be given to the person accused ten days at least before the beginning of the inquiry.",
"name": "Authorities to whom inquiry may be committedNotice to accused",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 3
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "4. When the Government shall think fit to conduct the prosecution, it shall nominate some person to conduct the same on its behalf.",
"name": "Conduct of Government prosecution",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 4
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "5. When the charge shall be brought by an accuser, the Government shall require the accusation to be reduced to writing, and verified by the oath or solemn affirmation of the accuser; and every person who shall wilfully and maliciously make any false accusation under this Act, upon such oath or affirmation, shall be liable to the penalties of perjury, but this enactment shall not be construed to prevent the Government from instituting any enquiry which it shall think fit, without such accusation on oath or solemn affirmation as aforesaid.",
"name": "Charge by accuser to be written and verified. Penalty for false accusation. Institution of inquiry by Government",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 5
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "6. Where the imputations shall have been made by an accuser, and the Government shall think fit to leave to him the conduct of the prosecution, the Government before appointing the commission shall require him to furnish reasonable security that he will attend and prosecute the charge thoroughly and effectually, and also will be forthcoming to answer any counter-charge or action which may be afterwards brought against him for malicious prosecution or perjury or subornation of perjury, as the case may be.",
"name": "Security from accuser left by Government, to prosecute",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 6
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "7. At any subsequent stage of the proceedings, the Government may, if it think fit, abandon the prosecution, and in such case may, if it think fit, on the application of the accuser, allow him to continue the prosecution, if he is desirous of so doing, on his furnishing such security as is hereinbefore mentioned.",
"name": "Power of Government to abandon prosecution and to allow accuser to continue it",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 7
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "8. The commissioners shall have the same power of punishing contempt's and obstructions to their proceedings, as is given to Civil and Criminal Courts by the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, and shall have the same powers for the summons of witnesses, and for compelling the production of documents, and for the discharge of their duty under the commission, and shall be entitled to the same protection as the Zila and City Judges, except that all process to cause the attendance of witnesses or other compulsory process, shall be served through and executed by the Zila or City Judge in whose jurisdiction the witness or other person resides, on whom the process is to be served. When the commission has been issued to a Court, or other person or persons having power to issue such process in the exercise of their ordinary authority, they may also use all such power for the purposes of the commission.",
"name": "Powers of commissioners. Their protection Service of their process Powers of Court, etc., acting under commission",
"related_acts": "75",
"section_id": 8
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "9. All persons disobeying any lawful process issued as aforesaid for the purposes of the commission shall be liable to the same penalties as if the same had issued originally from the Court or other authority through whom it is executed.",
"name": "Penalty for disobedience to process",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 9
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "10. A copy of the articles of charge, and list of the documents and witnesses by which each charge is to be sustained, shall be delivered to the person accused, at least three days before the beginning of the inquiry, exclusive of the day of delivery and the first day of the inquiry.",
"name": "Copy of charge and list to be furnished to accused",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 10
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "11. At the beginning of the inquiry the prosecutor shall exhibit the articles of charge to the commissioners, which shall be openly read, and the person accused shall thereupon be required to plead \"guilty\" or \"not guilty\" to each of them, which pleas shall be forthwith recorded with the articles of charge. If the person accused refuses, or without reasonable cause neglects, to appear to answer the charge either personally or by his counsel or agent, he shall be taken to admit the truth of the articles of charge.",
"name": "Procedure at beginning of inquiryNon-appearance of accused and admission of charge",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 11
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "12. The prosecutor shall then be entitled to address the commissioners in explanation of the articles of charge, and of the evidence by which they are to be proved: his address shall not be recorded.",
"name": "Prosecutor's right of address",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 12
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "13. The oral and documentary evidence for the prosecution shall then be exhibited; the witnesses shall be examined by or on behalf of the prosecutor and may be cross-examined by or on behalf of the person accused. The prosecutor shall be entitled to re-examine the witnesses on any points on which they have been cross examined, but not on any new matter, without leave of the commissioners, who also may put such question as they think fit.",
"name": "Evidence for prosecution and examination of witnesses.Re-examination by prosecutor",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 13
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "14. If it shall appear necessary before the close of the case for the prosecution, the commissioners may in their discretion allow the prosecutor to exhibit evidence not included in the list given to the person accused, or may themselves call for new evidence; and in such case the person accused shall be entitled to have, if he demand it, adjournment of the proceedings for three clear days, before the exhibition of such new evidence exclusive of the day of adjournment and of the day to which the proceedings are adjourned.",
"name": "Power to admit or call for new evidence for prosecutionAccused's right to adjournment",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 14
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "15. When the case for the prosecution is closed, the person accused shall be required to make his defence, orally or in writing, as he shall prefer. If made orally, it shall not be recorded; if made in writing, it shall be recorded, after being openly read, and in that case a copy shall be given at the same time to the prosecutor.",
"name": "Defence of accused.To be recorded only when written",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 15
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "16. The evidence for the defence shall then be exhibited, and the witnesses examined, who shall be liable to cross-examination and re-examination and to examination by the commissioners according to the like rules as the witnesses for the prosecution.",
"name": "Evidence for defence and examination of witnesses",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 16
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "17. Repealed by the Repealing Act, 1876 (Act No. XII of 1876).",
"name": "Repealed",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 17
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "18. The commissioners or some person appointed by them shall take notes in English of all the oral evidence, which shall be read aloud to each witness by whom the same was given, and, if necessary, explained to him in the language in which it was given, and shall be recorded with the proceedings.",
"name": "Notes of oral evidence",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 18
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "19. If the person accused makes only an oral defence, and exhibits no evidence, the inquiry shall end with his defence; if he records a written defence, or exhibits evidence, the prosecutor shall be entitled to a general oral reply on the whole case, and may also exhibit evidence to contradict any evidence exhibited for the defence, in which case the person accused shall not be entitled to any adjournment of the proceedings, although such new evidence were not included in the list furnished to him.",
"name": "Inquiry when closed with defence. Prosecutor when entitled to reply and give evidence. Accused not entitled to adjournment",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 19
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "20. When the commissioners shall be of opinion that the articles of charge or any of them, are not drawn with sufficient clearness and precision, the commissioners may, in their discretion, require the same to be amended, and may thereupon, on the application of the person accused, adjourn the inquiry for a reasonable time. The commissioners may also, if they think fit, adjourn the inquiry from time to time, on the application of either the prosecutor or the person accused on the ground of sickness or unavoidable absence of any witness or other reasonable cause. When such application is made and refused, the commissioners shall record the application, and their reasons for refusing to comply with it.",
"name": "Power to require amendment of charge and to adjournReasons for refusing adjournment to be recorded",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 20
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "21. After the close of the inquiry the commissioner shall forthwith report to Government their proceedings under the commission, and shall send with the record thereof their opinion upon each of the articles of charge separately, with such observations as they think fit on the whole case.",
"name": "Report of commissioners' proceedings",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 21
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "22. The Government, on consideration of the report of the commissioners, may order them to take further evidence, or give further explanation of their opinions. It may also order additional articles of charge to be framed, in which case the inquiry into the truth of such additional articles shall be made in the same manner as is herein directed with respect to the original charges. When special commissioners have been appointed, the Government may also, if it thinks fit, refer the report of the commissioners to the Court or other authority to which the person accused is subordinate, for their opinion on the case; and will finally pass such orders thereon as appear just and consistent with its powers in such cases.",
"name": "Power to call for further evidence or explanation. Inquiry into additional articles of chargeReference of report of special commissioners' final orders",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 22
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "23.-24. Omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"name": "-24. Omitted",
"related_acts": "430",
"section_id": 23
},
{
"act_id": 4,
"details": "25. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect the authority of Government, for suspending or removing any public servant for any cause without an inquiry under this Act.",
"name": "Saving of power of removal with-out inquiry under Act",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 24
}
],
"text": "For regulating Inquiries into the behaviour of Public Servants. WHEREAS it is expedient to amend the law for regulating inquiries into the behaviour of public servants not removable from their appointments without the sanction of the Government, and to make the same uniform throughout 1Bangladesh; It is enacted as follows:-"
} |
{
"id": 5,
"lower_text": [
"1 The words “This Act extends to the whole of Bangladesh” were substituted, for section 1A by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)",
"2 The word “Provincial” was omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"3 The words “Central or any Provincial” were omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"4 The word “Government” was substituted, for the words “Provincial Government” by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)",
"5 The word “Taka” was substituted, for the word “rupees” by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)",
"6 The word “Bengali” was substituted, for the word “English” by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"7 The words and comma “and also in those of the vernacular language of the district,” were omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)",
"8 Sections 9 to 14 were inserted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)"
],
"name": "The Tolls Act, 1851",
"num_of_sections": 16,
"published_date": "4th July, 1851",
"related_act": [
430
],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "1. Repealed by the Repealing Act, 1870 (Act XIV of 1870).",
"name": "Repealed",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "1A. 1This Act extends to the whole of Bangladesh.",
"name": "Extent",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 2
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "2. The 2* * * Government may cause such rates of toll, as it thinks fit, to be levied upon any road or bridge which has been, or shall hereafter be, made or repaired at the expense of the 3* * * Government; and may place the collection of such tolls under the management of such persons as may appear to it proper: and all persons employed in the management and collection of such tolls shall be liable to the same responsibilities as would belong to them if employed in the collection of the land-revenue.",
"name": "Power to cause levy of tolls on roads and bridges, and to appoint collectors",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 3
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "3. In case of non-payment of any such toll on demand, the officer appointed to collect the same may seize any of the carriages or animals on which it is chargeable, or any part of their burden of sufficient value to defray the toll; and, if any toll remains undischarged for twenty-four hours, with the cost arising from such seizure, the case shall be brought before the officer appointed to superintend the collection of the said toll, who may sell the property seized for discharge of the toll, and all expenses occasioned by such non-payment, seizure and sale, and cause any balance that may remain to be returned, on demand, to the owner of the property; and the said officer, on receipt of the property, shall forthwith issue a notice that, at noon of the next day, exclusive of Sunday, or any closed holiday, he will sell the property by auction:",
"name": "Recovery of tolls",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 4
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "Provided that, if, at any time before the sale has actually begun, the person whose property has been seized shall tender the amount of all the expenses incurred, and of double the toll payable by him, the said officer shall forthwith release the property seized.",
"name": "Release of seized property on tender of dues",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 5
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "4. The following persons and things shall be exempt from payment of tolls: (a) Government Stores and persons in charge thereof; (b) Public servants travelling on duty, and the vehicles and animals employed by the persons aforesaid; (c) Any other class of persons or things which may be exempted by order of the 4Government provided that no exemption shall be granted during the currency of a lease.",
"name": "Exemption from payment of tolls",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 6
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "5. All Police-officers shall be bound to assist the toll-collectors, when required, in the execution of this Act; and, for that purpose, shall have the same power which they have in the exercise of their common police-duties.",
"name": "Assistance by Police-officers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 7
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "6. Every person, other than the persons appointed to collect the tolls under this Act, who shall levy or demand any toll on any public road or bridge, or for passing through any bazar situated thereon, and also every person who shall unlawfully and extortionately demand, or take any other or higher toll than the lawful toll, or under colour of this Act seize or sell any property knowing such seizure or sale to be unlawful, or in any manner unlawfully extort money or any valuable thing from any person under colour of this Act, shall be liable on conviction before a Magistrate to imprisonment for any term not exceeding six calendar months, or to fine not exceeding two hundred 5Taka, any part of which fine may be awarded by the Magistrate to the person aggrieved; but this remedy shall not be deemed to bar or affect his right to have redress by suit in the Civil Court.",
"name": "Penalty for offences.\tCompensation to person aggrieved, etc",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 8
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "7. A table of the tolls authorized to be taken at any toll-gate or station shall be put up in a conspicuous place near such gate or station legibly written or printed in 6Bengali words and figures, 7* * * to which shall be annexed, written or printed in like manner, a statement of the penalties for refusing to pay the tolls and for taking any unlawful toll.",
"name": "Exhibition of table of tolls, and Statement of penalties",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 9
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "8. The tolls levied under this Act shall be deemed public revenue.",
"name": "Tolls levied deemed to be public revenue",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 10
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "89.(1) The Government may, from time to time, lease by public auction the levy of tolls upon any public road or bridge, for any period not exceeding 3 years, on such terms and conditions as it may deem fit. (2) The levy of tolls shall be settled with the highest bidder by open public auction: Provided that the Government may, for sufficient reasons to be recorded in writing, refuse to accept the offer of the highest bidder, and may accept any other bid or may withdraw the tolls from such auction. (3) The lessee shall give security for the due fulfilment of the conditions of the lease, and the sums payable under the terms of the lease shall be recoverable as a public demand.",
"name": "Lease of the levy of tolls",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 11
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "10. When the right to collect tolls on any public road or bridge has been duly leased, the lessee and the persons employed by the lessee as his agent for collecting tolls shall be deemed to be persons appointed to collect tolls under this Act, and shall exercise all the powers and be subject to all the responsibilities attaching to persons so appointed.",
"name": "Lessee and persons appointed by lessee deemed to be appointed to collect tolls",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 12
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "11. The lessee of any toll bar may compound with any person for a certain sum to be paid by such person for himself or for any vehicles or animals kept by him in lieu of the prescribed rates.",
"name": "Lessee may compound with any person",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 13
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "12. Whoever, having rendered himself liable to payment of tolls, refuses to pay such tolls, shall be liable to fine which may extend to one hundred Taka.",
"name": "Penalty for refusal to pay toll",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 14
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "13. The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, direct that any power or duty which is conferred or imposed by this Act upon the Government, shall be exercised or discharged by any officer subordinate to it.",
"name": "Government may direct any officer to discharge its power",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 15
},
{
"act_id": 5,
"details": "14. The Government may make rules, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, “to carry out the purposes of this Act.”",
"name": "Rule making power",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 16
}
],
"text": "An Act for enabling Government to levy Tolls on Public Roads and Bridges. Preamble WHEREAS it is expedient to enable Government to levy tolls upon roads and bridges; It is enacted as follows:-"
} |
{
"id": 6,
"lower_text": [],
"name": "The Legal Representative Suits Act, 1855",
"num_of_sections": 2,
"published_date": "27th March, 1855",
"related_act": [],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 6,
"details": "1. An action may be maintained by the executors, administrators or representatives of any person deceased for any wrong committed in the time of such person, which has occasioned pecuniary loss to his estate, for which wrong an action might have been maintained by such person, so as such wrong shall have been committed within one year before his death; and the damages, when recovered, shall be part of the personal estate of such person: and further, an action may be maintained against the executors or administrators or heirs or representatives of any person deceased for any wrong committed by him in his lifetime for which he would have been subject to an action, so as such wrong shall have been committed within one year before such person's death; and the damages to be recovered in such action shall, if recovered against an executor or administrator bound to administer according to the English law, be payable in like order of administration as the simple contract debts of such person.",
"name": "Executors may sue and be sued in certain cases for wrongs committed in life-time of deceased",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
},
{
"act_id": 6,
"details": "2. No action commenced under the provisions of this Act shall abate by reason of the death of either party, but the same may be continued by or against the executors, administrators or representatives of the party deceased: Provided that, in any case in which any such action shall be continued against the executors, administrators or representatives of a deceased party, such executors, administrators or representatives may set up a want of assets as a defence to the action, either wholly or in part, in the same manner as if the action had been originally commenced against them.",
"name": "Death of either party not to abate suit",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 2
}
],
"text": "An Act to enable Executors, Administrators or Represen-tatives to sue and be sued for certain wrongs. Preamble WHEREAS it is expedient to enable executors, administrators or representatives in certain cases to sue and be sued in respect of certain wrongs which, according to the present law, do not survive to or against such executors, administrators or representatives; It is enacted hereby as follows:-"
} |
{
"id": 7,
"lower_text": [],
"name": "The Fatal Accidents Act, 1855",
"num_of_sections": 4,
"published_date": "27th March, 1855",
"related_act": [],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 7,
"details": "1. Whenever the death of a person shall be caused by wrongful act, neglect or default, and the act, neglect or default is such as would (if death had not ensued) have entitled the party injured to maintain an action and recover damages in respect thereof, the party who would have been liable if death had not ensued shall be liable to an action or suit for damages, notwithstanding the death of the person injured, and although the death shall have been caused under such circumstances as amount in law to felony or other crime. Every such action or suit shall be for the benefit of the wife, husband, parent and child, if any, of the person whose death shall have been so caused, and shall be brought by and in the name of the executor, administrator or representative of the person deceased; and in every such action the Court may give such damages as it may think proportioned to the loss resulting from such death to the parties respectively, for whom and for whose benefit such action shall be brought; and the amount so recovered, after deducting all costs and expenses, including the costs not recovered from the defendant, shall be divided amongst the before mentioned parties, or any of them, in such shares as the Court by its judgment or decree shall direct.",
"name": "Suit for compensation to the family of a person for loss occasioned to it by his death by actionable wrong",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
},
{
"act_id": 7,
"details": "2. Provided always that not more than one action or suit shall be brought for, and in respect of the same subject-matter of complaint: Provided that, in any such action or suit, the executor, administrator or representative of the deceased may insert a claim for and recover any pecuniary loss to the estate of the deceased occasioned by such wrongful act, neglect or default, which sum, when recovered, shall be deemed part of the assets of the estate of the deceased.",
"name": "Not more than one suit to be brought.Claim for loss to estate may be added",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 2
},
{
"act_id": 7,
"details": "3. The plaint in any such action or suit shall give a full particular of the person or persons whom, or on whose behalf, such action or suit shall be brought, and of the nature of the claim in respect of which damages shall be sought to be recovered.",
"name": "Plaintiff shall deliver particulars, etc.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 3
},
{
"act_id": 7,
"details": "4. The following words and expressions are intended to have the meanings hereby assigned to them respectively, so far as such meanings are not excluded by the context or by the nature of the subject-matter; that is to say the word \"person\" shall apply to bodies politic and corporate; and the word \"parent\" shall include father and mother and grand-father and grand-mother; and the word \"child\" shall include son and daughter and grand-son and grand-daughter and step-son and step-daughter.",
"name": "Interpretation clause",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 4
}
],
"text": "An Act to provide compensation to families for loss occasioned by the death of a person caused by actionable wrong. Preamble WHEREAS no action or suit is now maintainable in any Court against a person who, by his wrongful act, neglect or default, may have caused the death of another person, and it is often-times right and expedient that the wrong doer in such case should be answerable in damages for the injury so caused by him; It is enacted as follows:-"
} |
{
"id": 8,
"lower_text": [],
"name": "The Bills of Lading Act, 1856",
"num_of_sections": 3,
"published_date": "11th April, 1856",
"related_act": [],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 8,
"details": "1. Every consignee of goods named in a bill of lading, and every endorsee of a bill of lading to whom the property in the goods therein mentioned shall pass, upon or by reason of such consignment or endorsement shall have transferred to and vested in him all rights of suit, and be subject to the same liabilities in respect of such goods as if the contract contained in the bill of lading had been made with himself.",
"name": "Rights under bills of lading to vest in consignee or endorsee",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
},
{
"act_id": 8,
"details": "2. Nothing herein contained shall prejudice or affect any right of stoppage in transitu, or any right to claim freight against the original shipper or owner, or any liability of the consignee or endorsee by reason or in consequence of his being such consignee or endorsee, or of his receipt of the goods by reason or in consequence of such consignment or endorsement.",
"name": "Not to affect right of stoppage in transitu or claims for freight",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 2
},
{
"act_id": 8,
"details": "3. Every bill of lading in the hands of a consignee or endorsee for valuable consideration, representing goods to have been shipped on board a vessel, shall be conclusive evidence of such shipment as against the master or other person signing the same, notwithstanding that such goods or some part thereof may not have been so shipped, unless such holder of the bill of lading shall have had actual notice at the time of receiving the same that the goods had not in fact been laden on board: Provided that the master or other person so signing may exonerate himself, in respect of such misrepresentation, by showing that it was caused without any default on his part, and wholly by the fraud of the shipper or of the holder, or some person under whom the holder claims.",
"name": "Bill of lading in hands of consignee, etc., conclusive evidence of the shipment as against master, etc.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 3
}
],
"text": "An Act to amend the Law relating to Bills of Lading. Preamble WHEREAS by the custom of merchants a bill of lading of goods being transferable by endorsement, the property in the goods may thereby pass to the endorsee, but never the less all rights in respect of the contract contained in the bill of lading continue in the original shipper or owner, and it is expedient that such rights should pass with the property; And whereas it frequently happens that the goods in respect of which bills of lading purport to be signed have not been laden on board, and it is proper that such bills of lading in the hands of a bona fide holder for value should not be questioned by the master or other person signing the same, on the ground of the goods not having been laden as aforesaid; It is enacted as follows:-"
} |
{
"id": 9,
"lower_text": [
"1 The words “established in the territories in the possession and under the Government of East India Company” were omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)"
],
"name": "The Hindu Widow's Re-marriage Act, 1856",
"num_of_sections": 10,
"published_date": "25th July, 1856",
"related_act": [
430
],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 9,
"details": "1. No marriage contracted between Hindus shall be invalid, and the issue of no such marriage shall be illegitimate, by reason of the woman having been previously married or betrothed to another person who was dead at the time of such marriage, any custom and any interpretation of Hindu law to the contrary notwithstanding.",
"name": "Marriage of Hindu widows legalized",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
},
{
"act_id": 9,
"details": "2. All rights and interests which any widow may have in her deceased husband's property by way of maintenance, or by inheritance to her husband or to his lineal successors, or by virtue of any will or testamentary disposition conferring upon her, without express permission to re-marry, only a limited interest in such property, with no power of alienating the same, shall upon her re-marriage cease and determine as if she had then died; and the next heirs of her deceased husband, or other persons entitled to the property on her death, shall thereupon succeed to the same.",
"name": "Rights of widow in deceased husband's property to cease on her re-marriage",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 2
},
{
"act_id": 9,
"details": "3. On the re-marriage of a Hindu widow, if neither the widow nor any other person has been expressly constituted by the will or testamentary disposition of the deceased husband the guardian of his children the father or paternal grandfather or the mother or paternal grandmother, of the deceased husband, or any male relative of the deceased husband, may petition the highest Court having original jurisdiction in civil cases in the place where the deceased husband was domiciled at the time of his death for the appointment of some proper person to be guardian of the said children, and thereupon it shall be lawful for the said Court, if it shall think fit, to appoint such guardian, who when appointed shall be entitled to have the care and custody of the said children, or of any of them during their minority, in the place of their mother; and in making such appointment the Court shall be guided, so far as may be by the laws and rules in force touching the guardianship of children who have neither father nor mother: Provided that, when the said children have not property of their own sufficient for their support and proper education whilst minors, no such appointment shall be made otherwise than with the consent of the mother unless the proposed guardian shall have given security for the support and proper education of the children whilst minors.",
"name": "Guardianship of children of deceased husband on the re-marriage of his widow",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 3
},
{
"act_id": 9,
"details": "4. Nothing in this Act contained shall be construed to render any widow who, at the time of the death of any person leaving any property, is a childless widow, capable of inheriting the whole or any share of such property, if before the passing of this Act, she would have been incapable of inheriting the same by reason of her being childless widow.",
"name": "Nothing in this Act to render any childless widow capable of inheriting",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 4
},
{
"act_id": 9,
"details": "5. Except as in the three preceding sections is provided, a widow shall not, by reason of her re-marriage forfeit any property or any right to which she would otherwise be entitled; and every widow who has re-married shall have the same rights of inheritance as she would have had, had such marriage been her first marriage.",
"name": "Saving of rights of widow marrying, except as provided in sections 2 to 4",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 5
},
{
"act_id": 9,
"details": "6. Whatever words spoken, ceremonies performed or engagements made on the marriage of a Hindu female who has not been previously married, are sufficient to constitute a valid marriage, shall have the same effect if spoken, performed or made on the marriage of a Hindu widow; and no marriage shall be declared invalid on the ground that such words, ceremonies or engagements are inapplicable to the case of a widow.",
"name": "Ceremonies constituting valid marriage to have same effect on widow's marriage",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 6
},
{
"act_id": 9,
"details": "7. If the widow re-marrying is a minor whose marriage has not been consummated, she shall not re-marry without the consent of her father, or if she has no father, of her paternal grandfather, or if she has no such grandfather, of her mother, or, failing all these, of her elder brother, or failing also brothers, of her next male relative.",
"name": "Consent to re-marriage of minor widow",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 7
},
{
"act_id": 9,
"details": "All persons knowingly abetting a marriage made contrary to the provisions of this section shall be liable to imprisonment for any term not exceeding one year or to fine or to both.",
"name": "",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 8
},
{
"act_id": 9,
"details": "And all marriages made contrary to the provisions of this section may be declared void by a Court of law; Provided, that in any question regarding the validity of a marriage made contrary to the provisions of this section, such consent as is aforesaid shall be presumed until the contrary is proved, and that no such marriage shall be declared void after it has been consummated.",
"name": "",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 9
},
{
"act_id": 9,
"details": "In the case of a widow who is of full age, or whose marriage has been consummated, her own consent shall be sufficient consent to constitute her re-marriage lawful and valid.",
"name": "",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 10
}
],
"text": "An Act to remove all legal obstacles to the marriage of Hindu Widows. Preamble WHEREAS it is known that, by the law as administered in the Civil Courts 1* * *, Hindu widows with certain exceptions are held to be, by reason of their having been once married, incapable of contracting a second valid marriage, and the offspring of such widows by any second marriage are held to be illegitimate and incapable of inheriting property; AND WHEREAS many Hindus believe that this imputed legal incapacity, although it is in accordance with established custom, is not in accordance with a true interpretation of the precepts of their religion, and desire that the civil law administered by the Courts of Justice shall no longer prevent those Hindus who may be so minded from adopting a different custom, in accordance with the dictates of their own conscience; AND WHEREAS it is just to relieve all such Hindus from this legal incapacity of which they complain, and the removal of all legal obstacles to the marriage of Hindu widows will tend to the promotion of good morals and to the public welfare; It is enacted as follows:-"
} |
{
"id": 10,
"lower_text": [
"1 Sections 3 and 3A were substituted, for section 3 by section 2 of the Societies Registration (Amendment) Ordinance, 1978 (Ordinance No. XXXIII of 1978)",
"2 The clause was added by section 3 of the Societies Registration (Amendment) Ordinance, 1978 (Ordinance No. XXXIII of 1978)",
"3 The words “whenever the Government” were substituted, for the words “whenever any Government” by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)",
"4 The words “of the province of registration” were omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)",
"5 Section 19 was substituted, for section 19 by section 4 of the Societies Registration (Amendment) Ordinance, 1978 (Ordinance No. XXXIII of 1978)."
],
"name": "The Societies Registration Act, 1860",
"num_of_sections": 24,
"published_date": "21st May, 1860",
"related_act": [
430
],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "1. Any seven or more persons associated for any literary, scientific or charitable purpose, or for any such purpose as is described in section 20 of this Act, may, by subscribing their names to a memorandum of association and filing the same with the Registrar of Joint-stock Companies form themselves into a society under this Act.",
"name": "Societies formed by memorandum of association and registration",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "2.\tThe memorandum of association shall contain the following things (that is to say)- the name of the society: the objects of the society: the names, addresses, and occupations of the governors, council, directors, committee or other governing body to whom, by the rules of the society, the management of its affairs is entrusted. A copy of the rules and regulations of the society, certified to be a correct copy by not less than three of the members of the governing body shall be filed with the memorandum of association.",
"name": "Memorandum of association",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 2
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "13. Upon the filing of the memorandum and certified copy of the rules and regulations of the society under section 2, the registrar shall certify under his hand that the society is registered under this Act.",
"name": "Registration of societies",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 3
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "3A. There shall be paid to the registrar for registration of a society and for matters mentioned in the Schedule to this Act, fees specified in that Schedule or such smaller fees as the Government may direct.",
"name": "Fees to be paid to the Registrar",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 4
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "4. Once in every year, on or before the fourteenth day succeeding the day on which, according to the rules of the society, the annual general meeting of the society is held, or, if the rules do not provide for an annual general meeting, in the month of January, a list shall be filed with the Registrar of Joint-stock Companies of the names, addresses and occupations of the governors, council, directors, committee or other governing body then entrusted with the management of the affairs of the society.",
"name": "Annual list of managing body to be filed",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 5
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "5. The property, moveable and immoveable, belonging to a society registered under this Act, if not vested in trustees, shall be deemed to be vested, for the time being, in the governing body of such society, and in all proceedings, civil and criminal, may be described as the property of the governing body of such society by their proper title.",
"name": "Property of society how vested",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 6
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "6. Every society registered under this Act may sue or be sued in the name of the president, chairman, or principal secretary, or trustees, as shall be determined by the rules and regulations of the society, and, in default of such determination, in the name of such person as shall be appointed by the governing body for the occasion: Provided that it shall be competent for any person having a claim or demand against the society, to sue the president or chairman, or principal secretary or the trustees thereof, if on application to the governing body some other officer or person be not nominated to be the defendant.",
"name": "Suits by and against societies",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 7
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "7. No suit or proceeding in any Civil Court shall abate or discontinue by reason of the person by or against whom such suit or proceedings shall have been brought or continued, dying or ceasing to fill the character in the name whereof he shall have sued or been sued, but the same suit or proceedings shall be continued in the name of or against the successor of such person.",
"name": "Suits not to abate",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 8
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "8. If a judgment shall be recovered against the person or officer named on behalf of the society, such judgment shall not be put in force against the property, moveable or immoveable, or against the body of such person or officer, but against the property of the society. The application for execution shall set forth the judgment, the fact of the party against whom it shall have been recovered having sued or having been sued, as the case may be, on behalf of the society only, and shall require to have the judgment enforced against the property of the society.",
"name": "Enforcement of judgment against society",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 9
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "9. Whenever by any bye-law duly made in accordance with the rules and regulations of the society, or, if the rules do not provide for the making of bye-laws, by any bye-law made at a general meeting of the members of the society convened for the purpose (for the making of which the concurrent votes of three-fifths of the members present at such meeting shall be necessary), any pecuniary penalty is imposed for the breach of any rule or bye-law of the society, such penalty, when accrued, may be recovered in any Court having jurisdiction where the defendant shall reside, or the society shall be situate, as the governing body thereof shall deem expedient.",
"name": "Recovery of penalty accruing under bye-law",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 10
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "10. Any member who may be in arrear of a subscription which, according to the rules of the society he is bound to pay, or who shall possess himself of or detain any property of the society in a manner or for a time contrary to such rules, or shall injure or destroy any property of the society, may be sued for such arrear or for the damage accruing from such detention, injury or destruction of property in the manner hereinbefore provided.",
"name": "Members liable to be sued as strangers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 11
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "But if the defendant shall be successful in any suit or other proceeding brought against him at the instance of the society, and shall be adjudged to recover his costs, he may elect to proceed to recover the same from the officer in whose name the suit shall be brought, or from the society, and in the latter case shall have process against the property of the said society in the manner above described.",
"name": "Recovery by successful defendant of costs adjudged",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 12
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "11. Any member of the society who shall steal, purloin or embezzle any money or other property, or wilfully and maliciously destroy or injure any property of such society, or shall forge any deed, bond, security for money, receipt, or other instrument, whereby the funds of the society may be exposed to loss, shall be subject to the same prosecution, and, if convicted, shall be liable to be punished in like manner as any person not a member would be subject and liable to in respect of the like offence.",
"name": "Members guilty of offences punishable as strangers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 13
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "12.(a) Whenever it shall appear to the governing body of any society registered under this Act, which has been established for any particular purpose or purposes, that it is advisable to alter, extend or abridge such purpose to or for other purposes within the meaning of this Act, or to amalgamate such society either wholly or partially with any other society, such governing body may submit the proposition to the members of the society in a written or printed report and may convene a special meeting for the consideration thereof according to the regulations of the society; but no such proposition shall be carried into effect unless such report shall have been delivered or sent by post to every member of the society ten days previous to the special meeting convened by the governing body for the consideration thereof, nor unless such proposition shall have been agreed to by the votes of three-fifths of the members delivered in person or by proxy, and confirmed by the votes of three-fifths of the members present at a second special meeting convened by the governing body at an interval of one month after the former meeting. 12.(b) 2Any such alteration, extension or abridgement or, as the case may be, amalgamation or any change in the name, address or list of Directors, members of the executive committee, governing body or any other body of the society shall be intimated to the registrar for record within twenty-one days from the date of such alteration, extension, amalgamation or change, as the case may be.",
"name": "Societies enable to alter, extend or abridge their purposes",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 14
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "Provided that no society shall be dissolved unless three-fifths of the members shall have expressed a wish for such dissolution by their votes delivered in person, or by proxy, at a general meeting convened for the purpose:",
"name": "",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 15
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "Provided that 3whenever the Government is a member of, or a contributor to, or otherwise interested in, any society registered under this Act, such society shall not be dissolved without the consent of the Government 4* * *.",
"name": "",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 16
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "13. Any number not less than three-fifths of the members of any society may determine that it shall be dissolved, and thereupon it shall be dissolved forthwith, or at the time then agreed upon, and all necessary steps shall be taken for the disposal and settlement of the property of the society, its claims and liabilities, according to the rules of the said society applicable thereto, if any, and, if not, then as the governing body shall find expedient, provided that, in the event of any dispute arising among the said governing body or the members of the society, the adjustment of its affairs shall be referred to the principal Court of original civil jurisdiction of the district in which the chief building of the society is situate; and the Court shall make such order in the matter as it shall deem requisite:",
"name": "Provision for dissolution of societies and adjustment of their affairs.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 17
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "14. If upon the dissolution of any society registered under this Act there shall remain after the satisfaction of all its debts and liabilities any property whatsoever, the same shall not be paid to or distributed among the members of the said society or any of them, but shall be given to some other society, to be determined by the votes of not less than three-fifths of the members present personally or by proxy at the time of the dissolution, or in, default thereof, by such Court as aforesaid: Provided, however, that this clause shall not apply to any society which shall have been founded or established by the contributions of shareholders in the nature of a Joint-stock Company.",
"name": "Upon a dissolution no member to receive profit.\t\tClause not to apply to Joint-stock Companies",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 18
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "15. For the purposes of this Act a member of a society shall be a person who, having been admitted therein according to the rules and regulations thereof, shall have paid a subscription or shall have signed the roll or list of members thereof, and shall not have resigned in accordance with such rules and regulations; but in all proceedings under this Act no person shall be entitled to vote or to be counted as a member whose subscription at the time shall have been in arrear for a period exceeding three months.",
"name": "Member defined. Disqualified Members",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 19
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "16. The governing body of the society shall be the governors, council, directors, committee, trustees or other body to whom by the rules and regulations of the society the management of its affairs is entrusted.",
"name": "Governing body defined",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 20
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "17. Any company or society established for a literary, scientific or charitable purpose, and registered under Act XLIII of 1850, or any such society established and constituted previously to the passing of this Act but not registered under the said Act XLIII of 1850, may at any time hereafter be registered as a society under this Act; subject to the proviso that no such company or society shall be registered under this Act unless an assent to its being so registered has been given by three-fifths of the members present personally, or by proxy, at some general meeting convened for that purpose by the governing body. In the case of a company or society registered under Act XLIII of 1850, the directors shall be deemed to be such governing body. In the case of a society not so registered if no such body shall have been constituted on the establishment of the society, it shall be competent for the members thereof, upon due notice, to create for itself a governing body to act for the society thenceforth.",
"name": "Registration of Societies formed before Act.\tAssent required.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 21
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "18. In order to any such society as is mentioned in the last preceding section obtaining registry under this Act, it shall be sufficient that the governing body file with the Registrar of Joint-stock Companies a memorandum showing the name of the society, the objects of the society, and the names, addresses and occupations of the governing body, together with a copy of the rules and regulations of the society certified as provided in section 2, and a copy of the report of the proceedings of the general meeting at which the registration was resolved on.",
"name": "Such societies to file memorandum, etc., with Registrar of Joint-stock Companies",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 22
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "519. Any person may inspect all documents filed with the registrar under this Act, or require a copy or extract of a copy of any document to be certified by the registrar, on payment of the fee specified in the Schedule to this Act in this behalf or such smaller fee as the Government may direct.",
"name": "Inspection of documents\tCertified copies",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 23
},
{
"act_id": 10,
"details": "20. The following societies may be registered under this Act: Charitable societies, societies established for the promotion of science, literature, or the fine arts, for instruction, the diffusion of useful knowledge, the diffusion of political education, the foundation or maintenance of libraries or reading rooms for general use among the members or open to the public, or public museums and galleries of painting and other works or art, collections of natural history, mechanical and philosophical inventions, instru-ments, or designs.",
"name": "To what societies Act applies",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 24
}
],
"text": "An Act for the Registration of Literary, Scientific and Charitable Societies. Preamble WHEREAS it is expedient that provision should be made for improving the legal condition of societies established for the promotion of literature, science, or the fine arts, or for the diffusion of useful knowledge, the diffusion of political education or for charitable purposes; It is enacted as follows:-"
} |
{
"id": 12,
"lower_text": [
"1 Throughout this Act, except otherwise provided, the words “Government” and “Taka” were substituted, for the words “Provincial Government” and “rupees” respectively by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"2 Throughout this Act, except otherwise provided, the words “Government” and “Taka” were substituted, for the words “Provincial Government” and “rupees” respectively by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)",
"3 The words “any part of Bangladesh” were substituted, for the words “Province or place or any part of any province or place” by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"4 The word “the” was substituted, for the letter “a” by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973",
"5 Sections 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D were inserted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"6 The words \"to which such district is subordinate\" were omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"7 Section 4A was inserted by section 3 of the Police (Amendment) Act, 1968 (Act No. IV of 1968).",
"8 Section 14A was inserted by section 2 of the East Pakistan (Amendment) Ordinance, 1963 (Ordinance No. IV of 1963).",
"9 Section 30A was inserted by section 11 of the Police (Amendment) Act, 1895 (Act No. VIII of 1895).",
"10 Section 34A was inserted by section 2 of the East Pakistan (Amendment) Act, 1957 (Act No. XVIII of 1957).",
"11 The word \"Pakistan\" was omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"12 The words \"Province or\" were omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"13 The words \"Province or\" were omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"14 The words \"Province or\" were omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973)."
],
"name": "The Police Act, 1861",
"num_of_sections": 64,
"published_date": "22nd March, 1861",
"related_act": [
75,
12,
430
],
"repelled": false,
"sections": [
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "1. The following words and expressions in this Act shall have the meaning assigned to them, unless there be something in the subject or context repugnant to such construction, that is to say,- the words \"Magistrate of the district\" shall mean the chief officer charged with the executive administration of a district and exercising the powers of a Magistrate, by whatever designation the chief officer charged with such executive administration is styled: the word \"Magistrate\" shall include all persons within the general police-district, exercising all or any of the powers of a Magistrate: the word \"police\" shall include all persons who shall be enrolled under this Act: the words \"general police-district\" shall embrace 3any part of Bangladesh, in which this Act shall be ordered to take effect: the words \"District Superintendent\" and \"District Superin-tendent of Police\" shall include any Assistant District Superintendent or other person appointed by general or special order of the Government to perform all or any of the duties of a District Superintendent of Police under this Act in any district: the word \"property\" shall include any moveable property, money or valuable security: the word \"person\" shall include a company or corporation: the word \"month\" shall mean a calendar month: the word “cattle\" shall, besides horned cattle, include elephants, camels, horses, asses, mules, sheep, goats and swine. References to the subordinate ranks of a police-force shall be construed as references to members of that force below the rank of Inspector of Police.",
"name": "Interpretation-clause",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 1
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "2. The entire police-establishment under 4the Government shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be one police-force, and shall be formally enrolled; and shall consist of such number of officers and men, and shall be constituted in such manner, as shall from time to time be ordered by the Government. Subject to the provisions of this Act the pay and all other conditions of service of members of the subordinate ranks of any police force shall be such as may be determined by the Government.",
"name": "Constitution of the force",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 2
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "52A. It shall be lawful for the Government to divide Bangladesh, from time to time, into as many general police-districts as it may think fit, and from time to time to vary and alter any of such general police-districts, or to consolidate two or more of such general police-districts into one district, as it may think fit.",
"name": "General police districts",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 3
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "2B. It shall be lawful for the Government in each such general police-district to appoint some person to exercise in such district the powers of an Inspector-General of Police, whether such person shall or shall not hold any other office under the Government; and the administration of the police throughout such general police-district, and all powers and authorities by this Act or any other Act conferred on an Inspector-General of Police, shall be vested in such person.",
"name": "Appointing persons to exercise powers of Inspector General",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 4
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "2C. The entire police-establishment in every such district shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be one police-force, and shall be formally enrolled, and shall consist of such number of officers and men, and shall be constituted in such manner, as shall from time to time be ordered by the Government. The pay and all other conditions of service of the members of such force below the rank of Deputy Superintendent shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, be such as may be determined by the Government.",
"name": "Police establishment in every district deemed to be one police force",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 5
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "2D. It shall be lawful for the Government to employ members of the police-force who have been enrolled in, or appointed to, any one general police-district, in any other general police-district in Bangladesh and the powers conferred on police-officers by the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, may be by them exercised in any portion of Bangladesh without reference to the local limits of the general police-district to which they may respectively belong.",
"name": "Members enrolled or appointed to one general police-district may be employed to other general police-district",
"related_acts": "75",
"section_id": 6
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "3. The superintendence of the police throughout a general police-district shall vest in and shall be exercised by the Government 6* * *; and, except as authorized under the provisions of this Act, no person, officer or Court shall be empowered by the Government to supersede or control any police functionary.",
"name": "Superintendence in the Government",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 7
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "4. The administration of the police throughout a general police-district shall be vested in an officer to be styled the Inspector-General of Police and in such Deputy Inspectors-General and Assistant Inspectors-General as to the Government shall seem fit. The administration of the police throughout the local jurisdiction of the Magistrate of the district shall, under the general control and direction of such Magistrate, be vested in a District Superintendent and such Assistant District Superintendents as the Government shall consider necessary.",
"name": "Inspector-General of Police, etc.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 8
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "74A. (1) The Government may, whenever necessary appoint an Additional Inspector-General of Police. (2) The Additional Inspector-General of Police so appointed shall discharge any of the functions of the Inspector-General of Police which the Inspector-General of Police may assign to him, and in the discharge of those functions, he shall exercise the same powers as the Inspector-General of Police.",
"name": "Additional Inspector-General of Police, etc.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 9
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "5. The Inspector-General of Police shall have the full powers of Magistrate throughout the general police-district; but shall exercise those powers subject to such limitation as may from time to time be imposed by the Government.",
"name": "Powers of Inspector-General\tExercise of powers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 10
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "6. Repealed by the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1882 (Act No. X of 1882).",
"name": "Repealed",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 11
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "7. Subject to such rules as the Government may from time to time make under this Act, the Inspector-General, Deputy Inspectors-General, Assistant Inspectors-General and District Superintendents of Police may at any time dismiss, suspend or reduce any police-officer of the subordinate ranks whom they shall think remiss or negligent in the discharge of his duty, or unfit for the same; or may award any one or more of the following punishments to any police-officer of the subordinate ranks who shall discharge his duty in a careless or negligent manner, or who by any act of his own shall render himself unfit for the discharge thereof, namely: (a)\tfine to any amount not exceeding one month's pay; (b) \tconfinement to quarters for a term not exceeding fifteen days, with or without punishment drill, extra guard, fatigue or other duty; (c) \tdeprivation of good-conduct pay; (d) removal from any office of distinction or special emolument.",
"name": "Appointment, dismissal, etc., of inferior officers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 12
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "8. Every police-officer appointed to the police-force other than an officer mentioned in section 4 shall receive on his appointment a certificate in the form annexed to this Act, under the seal of the Inspector-General or such other officer as the Inspector-General shall appoint, by virtue of which the person holding such certificate shall be vested with the powers, functions and privileges of a police-officer.",
"name": "Certificates to police-officers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 13
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "Such certificate shall cease to have effect whenever the person named in it ceases for any reason to be a police-officer, and, on his ceasing to be such an officer, shall be forthwith surrendered by him to any officer empowered to receive the same. A police-officer shall not by reason of being suspended from office cease to be a police-officer. During the term of such suspension the powers, functions and privileges vested in him as a police-officer shall be in abeyance, but he shall continue subject to the same responsibilities, discipline and penalties and to the same authorities, as if he had not been suspended.",
"name": "Surrender of certificate",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 14
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "9. No police-officer shall be at liberty to withdraw himself from the duties of his office, unless expressly allowed to do so by the District Superintendent or by some other officer authorized to grant such permission, or, without the leave of the District Superintendent, to resign his office, unless he shall have given to his superior officer notice in writing for a period of not less than two months, of his intention to resign.",
"name": "Police-officer not to resign without leave or two months’ notice",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 15
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "10. No police-officer shall engage in any employment or office whatever other than his duties under this Act, unless expressly permitted to do so in writing by the Inspector-General.",
"name": "Police-officers not to engage in other employment",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 16
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "11. Repealed by the Repealing Act, 1874 (Act No. XVI of 1874).",
"name": "Repealed",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 17
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "12. The Inspector-General of Police may, from time to time, subject to the approval of the Government, frame such orders and rules as he shall deem expedient relative to the organization, classification and distribution of the police-force, the places at which the members of the force shall reside, and the particular services to be performed by them; their inspection, the description of arms, accoutrements and other necessaries to be furnished to them; the collecting and communicating by them of intelligence and information; and all such other orders and rules relative to the police-force as the Inspector-General, shall, from time to time deem expedient for preventing abuse or neglect of duty, and for rendering such force efficient in the discharge of its duties.",
"name": "Power of Inspector-General to make rules",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 18
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "13. It shall be lawful for the Inspector-General of Police, or any Deputy Inspector-General, or Assistant Inspector-General or for the District Superintendent, subject to the general direction of the Magistrate of the district, on the application of any person showing the necessity thereof, to depute any additional number of police-officers to keep the peace at any place within the general police-district, and for such time as shall be deemed proper. Such force shall be exclusively under the orders of the District Superintendent, and shall be at the charge of the person making the application: Provided that it shall be lawful for the person on whose application such deputation shall have been made, on giving one month's notice in writing to the Inspector-General, Deputy Inspector-General, or Assistant Inspector-General, or to the District Superintendent, to require that the police-officers so deputed shall be withdrawn; and such person shall be relieved from the charge of such additional force from the expiration of such notice.",
"name": "Additional Police-officers employed at cost of individuals",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 19
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "14. Whenever any railway, canal or other public work, or any manufactory or commercial concern shall be carried on, or be in operation in any part of the country, and it shall appear to the Inspector-General that the employment of an additional police-force in such place is rendered necessary by the behaviour or reasonable apprehension of the behaviour of the persons employed upon such work, manufactory or concern, it shall be lawful for the Inspector-General, with the consent of the Government to depute such additional force to such place, and to employ the same so long as such necessity shall continue, and to make orders, from time to time, upon the person having the control or custody of the funds used in carrying on such work, manufactory or concern, for the payment of the extra force so rendered necessary, and such person shall thereupon cause payment to be made accordingly.",
"name": "Appointment of additional force in the neighbourhood of railway and other works",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 20
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "814A.(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, the Inspector-General of Police or any officer authorised by him in writing in this behalf may, with the sanction of the Government, by notification in the official Gazette, order the embodiment into the Police Force of the Railway Watch and Ward in their entirety or such portion thereof as he may determine, specifying the rank or ranks of persons so embodied, for such period as may be specified in the notification. (2) On the publication of a notification under sub-section (1), such Railway Watch and Ward shall be subject to the provisions of the Police Act, 1861. (3) Every person embodied under sub-section (1) shall have the same powers, privileges and protection and shall be liable to perform the same duties and shall be amenable to the same penalties and be subordinate to the same authorities as the officers of the Police.",
"name": "Embodiment of Railway Watch and Ward into Police Force",
"related_acts": "12",
"section_id": 21
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "15.(1) It shall be lawful for the Government, by proclamation to be notified in the official Gazette, and in such other manner as the Government shall direct, to declare that any area subject to its authority has been found to be in a disturbed or dangerous state, or that, from the conduct of the inhabitants of such area or of any class or section of them, it is expedient to increase the number of police. (2) It shall thereupon be lawful for the Inspector-General of Police, or other officer authorized by the Government in this behalf, with the sanction of the Government, to employ any police-force in addition to the ordinary fixed complement to be quartered in the area specified in such proclamation as aforesaid. (3) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (5) of this section, the cost of such additional police-force shall be borne by the inhabitants of such area described in the proclamation. (4) The Magistrate of the district, after such enquiry as he may deem necessary, shall apportion such cost among the inhabitants who are, as aforesaid, liable to bear the same and who shall not have been exempted under the next succeeding sub-section. Such apportionment shall be made according to the Magistrate's judgment of the respective means within such area of such inhabitants. (5) It shall be lawful for the Government by order to exempt any persons or class or section of such inhabitants from liability to bear any portion of such cost. (6) Every proclamation issued under sub-section (1) of this section shall state the period for which it is to remain in force, but it may be withdrawn at any time or continued from time to time for a further period or periods as the Government may in each case think fit to direct. Explanation.-For the purposes of this section, \"inhabitants\" shall include persons who themselves or by their agents or servants occupy or hold land or other immovable property within such area, and landlords who themselves or by their agents or servants collect rents direct from raiyats or occupiers in such area, notwithstanding that they do not actually reside therein.",
"name": "Quartering of additional police in disturbed or dangerous districts",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 22
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "15A.(1) If, in any area in regard to which any proclamation notified under the last preceding section is in force, death or grievous hurt or loss of, or damage to, property has been caused by or has ensued from the misconduct of the inhabitants of such area or any class or section of them it shall be lawful for any person, being an inhabitant of such area, who claims to have suffered injury from such misconduct to make, within one month from the date of the injury or such shorter period as may be prescribed, an application for compensation to the Magistrate of the district or of the sub-division of a district within which such area is situated. (2) It shall thereupon be lawful for the Magistrate of the district, with the sanction of the Government after such enquiry as he may deem necessary, and whether any additional police-force has or has not been quartered in such area under the last preceding section, to, (a) \tdeclare the persons to whom injury has been caused by or has ensued from such misconduct; (b) fix the amount of compensation to be paid to such persons and the manner in which it is to be distributed among them; and (c) \tassess the proportion in which the same shall be paid by the inhabitants of such area other than the applicant who shall not have been exempted from liability to pay under the next succeeding sub- section: Provided that the Magistrate shall not make any declaration or assessment under this sub-section, unless he is of opinion that such injury as aforesaid had arisen from a riot or unlawful assembly within such area, and that the person who suffered the injury was himself free from blame in respect of the occurrences which led to such injury. (3) It shall be lawful for the Government, by order, to exempt any persons or class or section of such inhabitants from liability to pay any portion of such compensation. (4) Every declaration or assessment made or order passed by the Magistrate of the district under sub-section (2) shall be subject to revision by the Commissioner of the Division or the Government, but save as aforesaid shall be final. (5) No civil suit shall be maintainable in respect of any injury for which compensation has been awarded under this section. (6) Explanation.-In this section the word “inhabitants” shall have the same meaning as in the last preceding section.",
"name": "Awarding compensation to sufferers from misconduct of inhabitants or person interested in land",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 23
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "16.(1) All moneys payable under sections 13, 14, 15, and 15A shall be recoverable by the Magistrate of the district in the manner provided by sections 386 and 387 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1882, for the recovery of fines, or by suit in any competent Court. (2) Repealed by the Government of India (Adaptation of Indian Laws) Order, 1937. (3) All moneys paid or recovered under section 15A shall be paid by the Magistrate of the district to the persons to whom and in the proportions in which the same are payable under that section.",
"name": "Recovery of moneys payable under sections 13, 14, 15 and 15A, and disposal of same when recovered",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 24
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "17.(1) When it shall appear that any unlawful assembly, or riot or disturbance of the peace has taken place or may be reasonably apprehended, or that an offence under the Prevention of Smuggling Act, 1952, has been committed or may be reasonably apprehended, and that the police-force ordinarily employed for preserving the peace or for prevention of an offence under the Prevention of Smuggling Act, 1952, is not sufficient, for preservation of peace and for protection of the inhabitants and security of the property in the place where such unlawful assembly or riot or disturbance of the peace has occurred or is apprehended, or for prevention of such offence, it shall be lawful, for any police-officer not below the rank of an Inspector to apply to the nearest Magistrate and for the District Magistrate or the Sub- divisional Magistrate on his own motion, to appoint so many of the residents of the neighbourhood, as such police-officer may require or the District Magistrate or the Sub-divisional Magistrate may deem proper, to act as special police officers for such time and within such limits as the Magistrate or the District Magistrate or the Sub divisional Magistrate shall deem necessary; and the Magistrate to whom such application is made by the police-officer shall, unless he sees cause to the contrary, comply with the application. (2) The names of the special police-officers appointed under sub-section (1) shall forthwith be forwarded to the District Superintendent.",
"name": "Special police-officers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 25
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "18. Every special police-officer so appointed shall have the same powers, privileges and protection, and shall be liable to perform the same duties and shall be amenable to the same penalties, and be subordinate to the same authorities, as the ordinary officers of police.",
"name": "Powers of special police-officers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 26
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "19. If any person being appointed a special police-officer as aforesaid shall without sufficient excuse, neglect or refuse to serve as such, or to obey such lawful order or direction as may be given to him for the performance of his duties, he shall be liable, upon conviction before a Magistrate, to a fine not exceeding fifty taka for every such neglect, refusal or disobedience.",
"name": "Refusal to serve as special police-officers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 27
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "20. Police-officers enrolled under this Act shall not exercise any authority, except the authority provided for a police-officer under this Act and any Act which hereafter be passed for regulating criminal procedure.",
"name": "Authority to be exercised by police-officers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 28
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "21. Omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"name": "Omitted",
"related_acts": "430",
"section_id": 29
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "22. Every police-officer shall, for all purposes in this Act contained, be considered to be always on duty, and may at any time be employed as a police-officer in any part of the general police-district.",
"name": "Police-officers always on duty and may be employed in any part of district",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 30
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "23. It shall be the duty of every police-officer promptly to obey and execute all orders and warrants lawfully issued to him by any competent authority; to collect and communicate intelligence affecting the public peace; to prevent the commission of offences and public nuisances; to detect and bring offenders to justice and to apprehend all persons whom he is legally authorized to apprehend, and for whose apprehension sufficient ground exists: and it shall be lawful for every police-officer, for any of the purposes mentioned in this section, without a warrant, to enter and inspect any drinking-shop, gamming-house or other place of resort of loose and disorderly characters.",
"name": "Duties of police-officers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 31
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "24. It shall be lawful for any police-officer to lay any information before a Magistrate, and to apply for a summons, warrant, search-warrant or such other legal process as may by law issue against any person committing an offence.",
"name": "Police-officers may lay information, etc.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 32
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "25. It shall be the duty of every police-officer to take charge of all unclaimed property, and to furnish an inventory thereof to the Magistrate of the district. The police-officers shall be guided as to the disposal of such property by such orders as they shall receive from the Magistrate of the district.",
"name": "Police-officers to take charge of unclaimed property, and be subject to Magistrate’s orders as to disposal",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 33
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "26.(1) The Magistrate of the district may detain the property and issue a proclamation, specifying the articles of which it consists, and requiring any person who has any claim thereto to appear and establish his right to the same within six months from the date of such proclamation. (2) The provisions of section 525 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1882, shall be applicable to property referred to in this section.",
"name": "Magistrate may detain property and issue proclamation",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 34
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "27.(1) If no person shall within the period allowed claim such property, or the proceeds thereof, if sold, it may, if not already sold under sub-section (2) of the last preceding section, be sold under the orders of the Magistrate of the district. (2) The sale-proceeds of property sold under the preceding sub-section and the proceeds of property sold under section 26 to which no claim has been established shall be at the disposal of the Government.",
"name": "Confiscation of property if no claimant appears",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 35
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "28. Every person, having ceased to be an enrolled police-officer under this Act, who shall not forthwith deliver up his certificate, and the clothing, accoutrements, appointments and other necessaries which shall have been supplied to him for the execution of his duty, shall be liable, on conviction before a Magistrate, to a penalty not exceeding two hundred taka, or to imprisonment with or without hard labour, for a period not exceeding six months, or to both.",
"name": "Persons refusing to deliver up certificate, etc., on ceasing to be police-officers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 36
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "29. Every police-officer who shall be guilty of any violation of duty or wilful breach or neglect of any rule or regulation or lawful order made by competent authority, or who shall withdraw from the duties of his office without permission, or without having given previous notice for the period of two months, or who, being absent on leave, shall fail, without reasonable cause, to report himself for duty on the expiration of such leave, or who shall engage without authority in any employment other than his police-duty, or who shall be guilty of cowardice, or who shall offer any unwarrantable personal violence to any person in his custody, shall be liable, on conviction before a Magistrate, to a penalty not exceeding three months` pay, or to imprisonment with or without hard labour, for a period not exceeding three months, or to both.",
"name": "Penalties for neglect of duty, etc.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 37
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "30.(1) The District Superintendent or Assistant District Superintendent of Police may, as occasion requires, direct the conduct of all assemblies and processions on the public roads, or in the public streets or thoroughfares, and prescribe the routes by which, and the times at which, such processions may pass. (2) He may also, on being satisfied that it is intended by any persons or class of persons to convene or collect an assembly in any such road, street or thoroughfare, or to form a procession which would, in the judgment of the Magistrate of the district, or of the sub-division of a district, if uncontrolled, be likely to cause a breach of the peace, require by general or special notice that the persons convening or collecting such assembly or directing or promoting such procession shall apply for a license. (3) On such application being made, he may issue a license specifying the names of the licensees and defining the conditions on which alone such assembly or such procession is to be permitted to take place and otherwise giving effect to this section: Provided that no fee shall be charged on the application for, or grant of, any such license.",
"name": "Regulation of public assemblies and processions, and licensing of same",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 38
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "(4) He may also regulate the extent to which music may be used in the streets on the occasion of festivals and ceremonies.",
"name": "Music in the streets",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 39
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "930A.(1) Any Magistrate or District Superintendent of Police or Assistant District Superintendent of Police or Inspector of Police or any police officer in charge of a station may stop any procession which violates the conditions of a license granted under the last foregoing section, and may order it or any assembly which violates any such conditions as aforesaid to disperse. (2) Any procession or assembly which neglects or refuses to obey any order given under the last preceding sub-section shall be deemed to be an unlawful assembly.",
"name": "Powers with regard to assemblies and processions violating condition of license",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 40
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "31. It shall be the duty of the police to keep order on the public roads, and in the public streets, thoroughfares, ghats and landing-places, and at all other places of public resort, and to prevent obstructions on the occasions of assemblies and processions on the public roads and in the public streets, or in the neighbourhood of places of worship, during the time of public worship, and in any case when any road, street, thoroughfare, ghat or landing-place may be thronged or may be liable to be obstructed.",
"name": "Police to keep order in public roads, etc.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 41
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "32. Every person opposing or not obeying the orders issued under the last three preceding sections, or violating the conditions of any license granted by the District Superintendent or Assistant District Superintendent of Police for the use of music, or for the conduct of assemblies and processions, shall be liable, on conviction before a Magistrate, to a fine not exceeding two hundred taka.",
"name": "Penalty for disobeying orders issued under last three sections, etc.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 42
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "33. Nothing in the last four preceding sections shall be deemed to interfere with the general control of the Magistrate of the district over the matters referred to therein.",
"name": "Saving of control of Magistrate of district",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 43
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "34. Any person who, on any road or in any open place or street or thoroughfare within the limits of any town to which this section shall be specially extended by the Government, commits any of the following offences, to the obstruction, inconvenience, annoyance, risk, danger or damage of the residents or passengers shall, on conviction before a Magistrate, be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty taka, or to imprisonment with or without hard labour not exceeding eight days; and it shall be lawful for any police-officer to take into custody, without a warrant, any person who within his view commits any of such offences, namely:-",
"name": "Punishment for certain offences on roads, etc.\tPower of police- officers",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 44
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "First.-Any person who slaughters any cattle or cleans any carcass; any person who rides or drives any cattle recklessly or furiously, or trains or breaks any horse or other cattle:",
"name": "",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 45
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "Second.-Any person who wantonly or cruelly beats, abuses or tortures any animal:",
"name": "Cruelty to animals",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 46
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "Third.-Any person who keeps any cattle or conveyance of any kind standing longer than is required for loading or unloading or for taking up or setting down passengers, or who leaves any conveyance in such a manner as to cause inconvenience or danger to the public:",
"name": "",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 47
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "Fourth.-Any person who exposes any goods for sale:",
"name": "Exposing goods for sale",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 48
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "Fifth.-Any person who throws or lays down any dirt, filth, rubbish or any stones or building materials, or who constructs any cowshed, stable or the like, or who causes any offensive matter to run from any house, factory, dung-heap or the like:",
"name": "Throwing dirt into street",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 49
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "Sixth.-Any person who is found drunk or riotous or who is incapable of taking care of himself:",
"name": "Being found drunk or riotous",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 50
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "Seventh.Any person who wilfully and indecently exposes his person, or any offensive deformity or disease, or commits nuisance by easing himself, or by bathing or washing in any tank or reservoir not being a place set apart for that purpose:",
"name": "Indecent exposure of person",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 51
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "Eighth.Any person who neglects to fence in or duly to protect any well, tank or other dangerous place or structure.",
"name": "Neglect to protect dangerous places",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 52
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "1034A.(1) No person shall sell or offer for sale any ticket once issued for admission as spectator to any place of entertainment at a price higher than the price at which such ticket was originally issued. Explanation.In this section, the word “entertainment\" means any exhibition, performance, amusement, game or sports to which persons are admitted as spectators on production of tickets and a \"place of entertainment\" shall be construed accordingly. (2) Whoever contravenes the provision of sub-section (1) shall be liable to imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months or to a fine which may extend to one hundred taka or to both. (3) Any police-officer not below the rank of Sub-Inspector or Sergeant may arrest without warrant any person committing an offence under sub-section (1).",
"name": "Prohibition to sell tickets, etc.",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 53
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "35. Any charge against a police-officer above the rank of a constable under this Act shall be enquired into and determined only by an officer exercising the powers of a Magistrate.",
"name": "Jurisdiction",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 54
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "36. Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to prevent any person from being prosecuted under any other Regulation or Act for any offence made punishable by this Act, or from being liable under any other Regulation or Act or any other or higher penalty or punishment than is provided for such offence by this Act: Provided that no person shall be punished twice for the same offence.",
"name": "Power to prosecute under other law not affected",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 55
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "37. The provisions of sections 64 to 70, both inclusive, of the 11* * * Penal Code, and of sections 386 to 389, both inclusive, of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1882, with respect to fines, shall apply to penalties and fines imposed under this Act on conviction before a Magistrate: Provided that, notwithstanding anything contained in section 65 of the first-mentioned Code, any person sentenced to fine under section 34 of this Act may be imprisoned in default of payment of such fine for any period not exceeding eight days.",
"name": "Recovery of penalties and fines imposed by Magistrates",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 56
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "38-40. Repealed by section 14 of the Police Amendment Act, 1895 (Act No. VIII of 1895. 41. Repealed by the Government of India (Adaptation of Indian Laws) Order, 1937.",
"name": "Repealed",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 57
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "42. All actions and prosecutions against any person, which may be lawfully brought for anything done or intended to be done under the provisions of this Act, or under the general police-powers hereby given shall be commenced within three months after the act complained of shall have been committed, and not otherwise; and notice in writing of such action and of the cause thereof shall be given to the defendant, or to the District Superintendent or an Assistant District Superintendent of the district in which the act was committed, one month at least before the commencement of the action.",
"name": "Limitation of actions",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 58
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "No plaintiff shall recover in any such action if tender of sufficient amend shall have been made before such action brought, or if a sufficient sum of money shall have been paid into Court after such action brought, by or on behalf of the defendant, and, though a decree shall be given for the plaintiff in any such action, such plaintiff shall not have costs against the defendant, unless the Judge before whom the trial is held shall certify his approbation of the action: Provided always that no action shall in any case lie where such officers shall have been prosecuted criminally for the same act.",
"name": "Tender of amends",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 59
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "43. When any action or prosecution shall be brought or any proceedings held against any police-officer for any act done by him in such capacity, it shall be lawful for him to plead that such act was done by him under the authority of a warrant issued by a Magistrate. Such plea shall be proved by the production of the warrant directing the act, and purporting to be signed by such Magistrate and the defendant shall thereupon be entitled to a decree in his favour, notwithstanding any defect of jurisdiction in such Magistrate. No proof of the signature of such Magistrate shall be necessary, unless the Court shall see reason to doubt its being genuine: Provided always that any remedy which the party may have against the authority issuing such warrant shall not be affected by anything contained in this section.",
"name": "Plea that act was done under warrant",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 60
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "44. It shall be the duty of every officer in charge of a police-station to keep a general diary in such form as shall from time to time, be prescribed by the Government and to record therein all complaints and charges preferred, the names of all persons arrested, the names of the complainants, the offences charged against them, the weapons or property that shall have been taken from their possession or otherwise, and the names of the witnesses who shall have been examined. The Magistrate of the district shall be at liberty to call for and inspect such diary.",
"name": "Police-officers to keep dairy",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 61
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "45. The Government may direct the submission of such returns by the Inspector-General and other police-officers as to such Government shall seem proper, and may prescribe the form in which such returns shall be made.",
"name": "Government may prescribe form of returns",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 62
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "46.(1) This Act shall not by its own operation take effect in any 12* * * place. But the Government by an order to be published in the official Gazette may extend the whole or any part of this Act to any 13* * * place, and the whole or such portion of this Act as shall be specified in such order shall thereupon take effect in such 14* * * place. (2) When the whole or any part of this Act shall have been so extended, the Government may, from time to time, by notification in the official Gazette, make rules consistent with this Act (a)\tto regulate the procedure to be followed by Magistrates and police-officers in the discharge of any duty imposed upon them by or under this Act; (b)\tto prescribe the time, manner and conditions within and under which claims for compensation under section 15A are to be made, the particulars to be stated in such claims, the manner in which the same are to be verified, and the proceedings (including local enquiries if necessary) which are to be taken consequent thereon; and (c)\tgenerally, for giving effect to the provisions of this Act. (3) All rules made under this Act may from time to time be amended, added to or cancelled by the Government.",
"name": "Scope of Act",
"related_acts": "",
"section_id": 63
},
{
"act_id": 12,
"details": "47. Omitted by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of the Bangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973 (Act No. VIII of 1973).",
"name": "Omitted",
"related_acts": "430",
"section_id": 64
}
],
"text": "2♣An Act for the Regulation of Police. Preamble WHEREAS it is expedient to re-organize the police and to make it a more efficient instrument for the prevention and detection of crime; It is enacted as follows:-"
} |
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Exploring Possibilities of AI-Powered Legal Assistance in Bangladesh through Large Language Modeling
- Authors: Azmine Toushik Wasi, Wahid Faisal, Mst Rafia Islam, Mahathir M Bappy
- arXiv : https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.17210
- The
GPT2-UKIL-ENmodel is freely available in Hugging Face with DOI: 10.57967/hf/3233 withciol-research/GPT2-UKILv1. - The
UKIL-DB-ENdataset is freely available in Hugging Face with DOI: 10.57967/hf/3235 withciol-research/UKIL-DB-EN.
Abstract: Bangladesh's legal system struggles with major challenges like delays, complexity, high costs, and millions of unresolved cases, which deter many from pursuing legal action due to lack of knowledge or financial constraints. This research seeks to develop a specialized Large Language Model (LLM) to assist in the Bangladeshi legal system.
We created UKIL-DB-EN, an English corpus of Bangladeshi legal documents, by collecting and scraping data on various legal acts. We fine-tuned the GPT-2 model on this dataset to develop GPT2-UKIL-EN`, an LLM focused on providing legal assistance in English.
The model was rigorously evaluated using semantic assessments, including case studies supported by expert opinions. The evaluation provided promising results, demonstrating the potential for the model to assist in legal matters within Bangladesh.
Our work represents the first structured effort toward building an AI-based legal assistant for Bangladesh. While the results are encouraging, further refinements are necessary to improve the model's accuracy, credibility, and safety. This is a significant step toward creating a legal AI capable of serving the needs of a population of 180 million.
Cite as:
@misc{wasi2024exploringpossibilitiesaipoweredlegal,
title={Exploring Possibilities of AI-Powered Legal Assistance in Bangladesh through Large Language Modeling},
author={Azmine Toushik Wasi and Wahid Faisal and Mst Rafia Islam and Mahathir Mohammad Bappy},
year={2024},
eprint={2410.17210},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.17210},
}
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