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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Clustering of missense mutations in the ataxia - telangiectasia gene in a sporadic T - cell leukaemia .
### Output Text: | Clustering of missense mutations in the <span class="disease">ataxia - telangiectasia</span> gene in a <span class="disease">sporadic T - cell leukaemia</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Ataxia - telangiectasia ( A - T ) is a recessive multi - system disorder caused by mutations in the ATM gene at 11q22 - q23 ( ref . 3 ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Ataxia - telangiectasia</span> ( <span class="disease">A - T</span> ) is a <span class="disease">recessive multi - system disorder</span> caused by mutations in the ATM gene at 11q22 - q23 ( ref . 3 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The risk of cancer , especially lymphoid neoplasias , is substantially elevated in A - T patients and has long been associated with chromosomal instability .
### Output Text: | The risk of <span class="disease">cancer</span> , especially <span class="disease">lymphoid neoplasias</span> , is substantially elevated in <span class="disease">A - T</span> patients and has long been associated with chromosomal instability . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: By analysing tumour DNA from patients with sporadic T - cell prolymphocytic leukaemia ( T - PLL ) , a rare clonal malignancy with similarities to a mature T - cell leukaemia seen in A - T , we demonstrate a high frequency of ATM mutations in T - PLL .
### Output Text: | By analysing <span class="disease">tumour</span> DNA from patients with <span class="disease">sporadic T - cell prolymphocytic leukaemia</span> ( <span class="disease">T - PLL</span> ) , a rare <span class="disease">clonal malignancy</span> with similarities to a <span class="disease">mature T - cell leukaemia</span> seen in <span class="disease">A - T</span> , we demonstrate a high frequency of ATM mutations in <span class="disease">T - PLL</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: In marked contrast to the ATM mutation pattern in A - T , the most frequent nucleotide changes in this leukaemia were missense mutations .
### Output Text: | In marked contrast to the ATM mutation pattern in <span class="disease">A - T</span> , the most frequent nucleotide changes in this <span class="disease">leukaemia</span> were missense mutations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: These clustered in the region corresponding to the kinase domain , which is highly conserved in ATM - related proteins in mouse , yeast and Drosophila .
### Output Text: | These clustered in the region corresponding to the kinase domain , which is highly conserved in ATM - related proteins in mouse , yeast and Drosophila . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The resulting amino - acid substitutions are predicted to interfere with ATP binding or substrate recognition .
### Output Text: | The resulting amino - acid substitutions are predicted to interfere with ATP binding or substrate recognition . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Two of seventeen mutated T - PLL samples had a previously reported A - T allele .
### Output Text: | Two of seventeen mutated <span class="disease">T - PLL</span> samples had a previously reported <span class="disease">A - T</span> allele . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: In contrast , no mutations were detected in the p53 gene , suggesting that this tumour suppressor is not frequently altered in this leukaemia .
### Output Text: | In contrast , no mutations were detected in the p53 gene , suggesting that this <span class="disease">tumour</span> suppressor is not frequently altered in this <span class="disease">leukaemia</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Occasional missense mutations in ATM were also found in tumour DNA from patients with B - cell non - Hodgkins lymphomas ( B - NHL ) and a B - NHL cell line .
### Output Text: | Occasional missense mutations in ATM were also found in <span class="disease">tumour</span> DNA from patients with <span class="disease">B - cell non - Hodgkins lymphomas</span> ( <span class="disease">B - NHL</span> ) and a <span class="disease">B - NHL</span> cell line . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: The evidence of a significant proportion of loss - of - function mutations and a complete absence of the normal copy of ATM in the majority of mutated tumours establishes somatic inactivation of this gene in the pathogenesis of sporadic T - PLL and suggests that ATM acts as a tumour suppressor .
### Output Text: | The evidence of a significant proportion of loss - of - function mutations and a complete absence of the normal copy of ATM in the majority of mutated <span class="disease">tumours</span> establishes somatic inactivation of this gene in the pathogenesis of <span class="disease">sporadic T - PLL</span> and suggests that ATM acts as a <span class="disease">tumour</span> suppressor . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: As constitutional DNA was not available , a putative hereditary predisposition to T - PLL will require further investigation . .
### Output Text: | As constitutional DNA was not available , a putative hereditary predisposition to <span class="disease">T - PLL</span> will require further investigation . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase is involved in the modulation of the Ca2 + homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Myotonic dystrophy</span> protein kinase is involved in the modulation of the Ca2 + homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Myotonic dystrophy ( DM ) , the most prevalent muscular disorder in adults , is caused by ( CTG ) n - repeat expansion in a gene encoding a protein kinase ( DM protein kinase ; DMPK ) and involves changes in cytoarchitecture and ion homeostasis .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Myotonic dystrophy</span> ( <span class="disease">DM</span> ) , the most prevalent <span class="disease">muscular disorder</span> in adults , is caused by ( CTG ) n - repeat expansion in a gene encoding a protein kinase ( <span class="disease">DM</span> protein kinase ; DMPK ) and involves changes in cytoarchitecture and ion homeostasis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: To obtain clues to the normal biological role of DMPK in cellular ion homeostasis , we have compared the resting [ Ca2 + ] i , the amplitude and shape of depolarization - induced Ca2 + transients , and the content of ATP - driven ion pumps in cultured skeletal muscle cells of wild - type and DMPK [ - / - ] knockout mice .
### Output Text: | To obtain clues to the normal biological role of DMPK in cellular ion homeostasis , we have compared the resting [ Ca2 + ] i , the amplitude and shape of depolarization - induced Ca2 + transients , and the content of ATP - driven ion pumps in cultured skeletal muscle cells of wild - type and DMPK [ - / - ] knockout mice . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In vitro - differentiated DMPK [ - / - ] myotubes exhibit a higher resting [ Ca2 + ] i than do wild - type myotubes because of an altered open probability of voltage - dependent l - type Ca2 + and Na + channels .
### Output Text: | In vitro - differentiated DMPK [ - / - ] myotubes exhibit a higher resting [ Ca2 + ] i than do wild - type myotubes because of an altered open probability of voltage - dependent l - type Ca2 + and Na + channels . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The mutant myotubes exhibit smaller and slower Ca2 + responses upon triggering by acetylcholine or high external K + .
### Output Text: | The mutant myotubes exhibit smaller and slower Ca2 + responses upon triggering by acetylcholine or high external K + . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In addition , we observed that these Ca2 + transients partially result from an influx of extracellular Ca2 + through the l - type Ca2 + channel .
### Output Text: | In addition , we observed that these Ca2 + transients partially result from an influx of extracellular Ca2 + through the l - type Ca2 + channel . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Neither the content nor the activity of Na + / K + ATPase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 + - ATPase are affected by DMPK absence .
### Output Text: | Neither the content nor the activity of Na + / K + ATPase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 + - ATPase are affected by DMPK absence . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In conclusion , our data suggest that DMPK is involved in modulating the initial events of excitation - contraction coupling in skeletal muscle . .
### Output Text: | In conclusion , our data suggest that DMPK is involved in modulating the initial events of excitation - contraction coupling in skeletal muscle . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: Constitutional RB1 - gene mutations in patients with isolated unilateral retinoblastoma .
### Output Text: | Constitutional RB1 - gene mutations in patients with isolated <span class="disease">unilateral retinoblastoma</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In most patients with isolated unilateral retinoblastoma , tumor development is initiated by somatic inactivation of both alleles of the RB1 gene .
### Output Text: | In most patients with isolated <span class="disease">unilateral retinoblastoma</span> , <span class="disease">tumor</span> development is initiated by somatic inactivation of both alleles of the RB1 gene . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
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### Input Text: However , some of these patients can transmit retinoblastoma predisposition to their offspring .
### Output Text: | However , some of these patients can transmit <span class="disease">retinoblastoma</span> predisposition to their offspring . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: To determine the frequency and nature of constitutional RB1 - gene mutations in patients with isolated unilateral retinoblastoma , we analyzed DNA from peripheral blood and from tumor tissue .
### Output Text: | To determine the frequency and nature of constitutional RB1 - gene mutations in patients with isolated <span class="disease">unilateral retinoblastoma</span> , we analyzed DNA from peripheral blood and from <span class="disease">tumor</span> tissue . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The analysis of tumors from 54 ( 71 % ) of 76 informative patients showed loss of constitutional heterozygosity ( LOH ) at intragenic loci .
### Output Text: | The analysis of <span class="disease">tumors</span> from 54 ( 71 % ) of 76 informative patients showed loss of constitutional heterozygosity ( LOH ) at intragenic loci . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Three of 13 uninformative patients had constitutional deletions .
### Output Text: | Three of 13 uninformative patients had constitutional deletions . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: For 39 randomly selected tumors , SSCP , hetero - duplex analysis , sequencing , and Southern blot analysis were used to identify mutations .
### Output Text: | For 39 randomly selected <span class="disease">tumors</span> , SSCP , hetero - duplex analysis , sequencing , and Southern blot analysis were used to identify mutations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Mutations were detected in 21 ( 91 % ) of 23 tumors with LOH .
### Output Text: | Mutations were detected in 21 ( 91 % ) of 23 <span class="disease">tumors</span> with LOH . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In 6 ( 38 % ) of 16 tumors without LOH , one mutation was detected , and in 9 ( 56 % ) of the tumors without LOH , both mutations were found .
### Output Text: | In 6 ( 38 % ) of 16 <span class="disease">tumors</span> without LOH , one mutation was detected , and in 9 ( 56 % ) of the <span class="disease">tumors</span> without LOH , both mutations were found . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thus , a total of 45 mutations were identified in tumors of 36 patients .
### Output Text: | Thus , a total of 45 mutations were identified in <span class="disease">tumors</span> of 36 patients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thirty - nine of the mutations - including 34 small mutations , 2 large structural alterations , and hypermethylation in 3 tumors - were not detected in the corresponding peripheral blood DNA .
### Output Text: | Thirty - nine of the mutations - including 34 small mutations , 2 large structural alterations , and hypermethylation in 3 tumors - were not detected in the corresponding peripheral blood DNA . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In 6 ( 17 % ) of the 36 patients , a mutation was detected in constitutional DNA , and 1 of these mutations is known to be associated with reduced expressivity .
### Output Text: | In 6 ( 17 % ) of the 36 patients , a mutation was detected in constitutional DNA , and 1 of these mutations is known to be associated with reduced expressivity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The presence of a constitutional mutation was not associated with an early age at treatment .
### Output Text: | The presence of a constitutional mutation was not associated with an early age at treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In 1 patient , somatic mosaicism was demonstrated by molecular analysis of DNA and RNA from peripheral blood .
### Output Text: | In 1 patient , somatic mosaicism was demonstrated by molecular analysis of DNA and RNA from peripheral blood . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In 2 patients without a detectable mutation in peripheral blood , mosaicism was suggested because 1 of the patients showed multifocal tumors and the other later developed bilateral retinoblastoma .
### Output Text: | In 2 patients without a detectable mutation in peripheral blood , mosaicism was suggested because 1 of the patients showed multifocal <span class="disease">tumors</span> and the other later developed <span class="disease">bilateral retinoblastoma</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="disease"> to denote a disease.
### Input Text: In conclusion , our results emphasize that the manifestation and transmissibility of retinoblastoma depend on the nature of the first mutation , its time in development , and the number and types of cells that are affected . .
### Output Text: | In conclusion , our results emphasize that the manifestation and transmissibility of <span class="disease">retinoblastoma</span> depend on the nature of the first mutation , its time in development , and the number and types of cells that are affected . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Hereditary deficiency of the fifth component of complement in man .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Hereditary deficiency of the fifth component of complement</span> in man . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: I .
### Output Text: | I . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Clinical , immunochemical , and family studies .
### Output Text: | Clinical , immunochemical , and family studies . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The first recognized human kindred with hereditary deficiency of the fifth component of complement ( C5 ) is described .
### Output Text: | The first recognized human kindred with <span class="disease">hereditary deficiency of the fifth component of complement</span> ( C5 ) is described . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The proband , a 20 - year - old black female with systemic lupus erythematosus since age 11 , lacked serum hemolytic complement activity , even during remission .
### Output Text: | The proband , a 20 - year - old black female with <span class="disease">systemic lupus erythematosus</span> since age 11 , lacked serum hemolytic complement activity , even during remission . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: C5 was undetectable in her serum by both immunodiffusion and hemolytic assays .
### Output Text: | C5 was undetectable in her serum by both immunodiffusion and hemolytic assays . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Other complement components were normal during remission of lupus , but C1 , C4 , C2 , and C3 levels fell during exacerbations .
### Output Text: | Other complement components were normal during remission of lupus , but C1 , C4 , C2 , and C3 levels fell during exacerbations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A younger half - sister , who had no underlying disease , was also found to lack immunochemically detectable C5 .
### Output Text: | A younger half - sister , who had no underlying disease , was also found to lack immunochemically detectable C5 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: By hemolytic assay , she exhibited 1 - 2 % of the normal serum C5 level and normal concentrations of other complement components .
### Output Text: | By hemolytic assay , she exhibited 1 - 2 % of the normal serum C5 level and normal concentrations of other complement components . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: C5 levels of other family members were either normal or approximately half - normal , consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance of the gene determining C5 deficiency .
### Output Text: | C5 levels of other family members were either normal or approximately half - normal , consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance of the gene determining <span class="disease">C5 deficiency</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Normal hemolytic titers were restored to both homozygous C5 - deficient ( C5D ) sera by addition of highly purified human C5 .
### Output Text: | Normal hemolytic titers were restored to both homozygous <span class="disease">C5 - deficient</span> ( <span class="disease">C5D</span> ) sera by addition of highly purified human C5 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In specific C5 titrations , however , it was noted that when limited amounts of C5 were assayed in the presence of low dilutions of either C5D serum , curving rather than linear dose - response plots were consistently obtained , suggesting some inhibitory effect .
### Output Text: | In specific C5 titrations , however , it was noted that when limited amounts of C5 were assayed in the presence of low dilutions of either <span class="disease">C5D</span> serum , curving rather than linear dose - response plots were consistently obtained , suggesting some inhibitory effect . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Further studies suggested that low dilutions of C5D serum contain a factor ( or factors ) interfering at some step in the hemolytic assay of C5 , rather than a true C5 inhibitor or inactivator .
### Output Text: | Further studies suggested that low dilutions of <span class="disease">C5D</span> serum contain a factor ( or factors ) interfering at some step in the hemolytic assay of C5 , rather than a true C5 inhibitor or inactivator . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Of clinical interest are ( a ) the documentation of membranous glomerulonephritis , vasculitis , and arthritis in an individual lacking C5 ( and its biologic functions ) , and ( b ) a remarkable propensity to bacterial infections in the proband , even during periods of low - dose or alternate - day corticosteroid therapy .
### Output Text: | Of clinical interest are ( a ) the documentation of membranous <span class="disease">glomerulonephritis</span> , <span class="disease">vasculitis</span> , and <span class="disease">arthritis</span> in an individual lacking C5 ( and its biologic functions ) , and ( b ) a remarkable propensity to <span class="disease">bacterial infections</span> in the proband , even during periods of low - dose or alternate - day corticosteroid therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Other observations indicate that the C5D state is compatible with normal coagulation function and the capacity to mount a neutrophilic leukocytosis during pyogenic infection . .
### Output Text: | Other observations indicate that the <span class="disease">C5D</span> state is compatible with normal coagulation function and the capacity to mount a neutrophilic leukocytosis during <span class="disease">pyogenic infection</span> . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in twins : the role of genes , HLA , and the environment .
### Output Text: | Susceptibility to <span class="disease">ankylosing spondylitis</span> in twins : the role of genes , HLA , and the environment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: OBJECTIVE To determine the relative effects of genetic and environmental factors in susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ) .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE To determine the relative effects of genetic and environmental factors in susceptibility to <span class="disease">ankylosing spondylitis</span> ( <span class="disease">AS</span> ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS Twins with AS were identified from the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases database .
### Output Text: | METHODS Twins with <span class="disease">AS</span> were identified from the Royal National Hospital for <span class="disease">Rheumatic Diseases</span> database . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed to establish diagnoses , and disease severity was assessed using a combination of validated scoring systems .
### Output Text: | Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed to establish diagnoses , and disease severity was assessed using a combination of validated scoring systems . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
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### Input Text: HLA typing for HLA - B27 , HLA - B60 , and HLA - DR1 was performed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence - specific primers , and zygosity was assessed using microsatellite markers .
### Output Text: | HLA typing for HLA - B27 , HLA - B60 , and HLA - DR1 was performed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence - specific primers , and zygosity was assessed using microsatellite markers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Genetic and environmental variance components were assessed with the program Mx , using data from this and previous studies of twins with AS .
### Output Text: | Genetic and environmental variance components were assessed with the program Mx , using data from this and previous studies of twins with <span class="disease">AS</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS Six of 8 monozygotic ( MZ ) twin pairs were disease concordant , compared with 4 of 15 B27 - positive dizygotic ( DZ ) twin pairs ( 27 % ) and 4 of 32 DZ twin pairs overall ( 12 . 5 % ) .
### Output Text: | RESULTS Six of 8 monozygotic ( MZ ) twin pairs were disease concordant , compared with 4 of 15 B27 - positive dizygotic ( DZ ) twin pairs ( 27 % ) and 4 of 32 DZ twin pairs overall ( 12 . 5 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Nonsignificant increases in similarity with regard to age at disease onset and all of the disease severity scores assessed were noted in disease - concordant MZ twins compared with concordant DZ twins .
### Output Text: | Nonsignificant increases in similarity with regard to age at disease onset and all of the disease severity scores assessed were noted in disease - concordant MZ twins compared with concordant DZ twins . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: HLA - B27 and B60 were associated with the disease in probands , and the rate of disease concordance was significantly increased among DZ twin pairs in which the co - twin was positive for both B27 and DR1 .
### Output Text: | HLA - B27 and B60 were associated with the disease in probands , and the rate of disease concordance was significantly increased among DZ twin pairs in which the co - twin was positive for both B27 and DR1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Additive genetic effects were estimated to contribute 97 % of the population variance .
### Output Text: | Additive genetic effects were estimated to contribute 97 % of the population variance . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSION Susceptibility to AS is largely genetically determined , and the environmental trigger for the disease is probably ubiquitous .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION Susceptibility to <span class="disease">AS</span> is largely genetically determined , and the environmental trigger for the disease is probably ubiquitous . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: HLA - B27 accounts for a minority of the overall genetic susceptibility to AS .
### Output Text: | HLA - B27 accounts for a minority of the overall genetic susceptibility to <span class="disease">AS</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cell cycle - dependent colocalization of BARD1 and BRCA1 proteins in discrete nuclear domains .
### Output Text: | Cell cycle - dependent colocalization of BARD1 and BRCA1 proteins in discrete nuclear domains . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Germ - line mutations of the BRCA1 gene predispose women to early - onset breast and ovarian cancer by compromising the genes presumptive function as a tumor suppressor .
### Output Text: | Germ - line mutations of the BRCA1 gene predispose women to early - onset <span class="disease">breast and ovarian cancer</span> by compromising the genes presumptive function as a <span class="disease">tumor</span> suppressor . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Although the biochemical properties of BRCA1 polypeptides are not understood , their expression pattern and subcellular localization suggest a role in cell - cycle regulation .
### Output Text: | Although the biochemical properties of BRCA1 polypeptides are not understood , their expression pattern and subcellular localization suggest a role in cell - cycle regulation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: When resting cells are induced to proliferate , the steady - state levels of BRCA1 increase in late G1 and reach a maximum during S phase .
### Output Text: | When resting cells are induced to proliferate , the steady - state levels of BRCA1 increase in late G1 and reach a maximum during S phase . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Moreover , in S phase cells , BRCA1 polypeptides are hyperphosphorylated and accumulate into discrete subnuclear foci termed " BRCA1 nuclear dots .
### Output Text: | Moreover , in S phase cells , BRCA1 polypeptides are hyperphosphorylated and accumulate into discrete subnuclear foci termed " BRCA1 nuclear dots . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: " BRCA1 associates in vivo with a structurally related protein termed BARD1 .
### Output Text: | " BRCA1 associates in vivo with a structurally related protein termed BARD1 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Here we show that the steady - state levels of BARD1 , unlike those of BRCA1 , remain relatively constant during cell cycle progression .
### Output Text: | Here we show that the steady - state levels of BARD1 , unlike those of BRCA1 , remain relatively constant during cell cycle progression . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: However , immunostaining revealed that BARD1 resides within BRCA1 nuclear dots during S phase of the cell cycle , but not during the G1 phase .
### Output Text: | However , immunostaining revealed that BARD1 resides within BRCA1 nuclear dots during S phase of the cell cycle , but not during the G1 phase . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Nevertheless , BARD1 polypeptides are found exclusively in the nuclear fractions of both G1 - and S - phase cells .
### Output Text: | Nevertheless , BARD1 polypeptides are found exclusively in the nuclear fractions of both G1 - and S - phase cells . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Therefore , progression to S phase is accompanied by the aggregation of nuclear BARD1 polypeptides into BRCA1 nuclear dots .
### Output Text: | Therefore , progression to S phase is accompanied by the aggregation of nuclear BARD1 polypeptides into BRCA1 nuclear dots . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This cell cycle - dependent colocalization of BARD1 and BRCA1 indicates a role for BARD1 in BRCA1 - mediated tumor suppression .
### Output Text: | This cell cycle - dependent colocalization of BARD1 and BRCA1 indicates a role for BARD1 in BRCA1 - mediated <span class="disease">tumor</span> suppression . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Ethnic differences in the HFE codon 282 ( Cys / Tyr ) polymorphism .
### Output Text: | Ethnic differences in the HFE codon 282 ( Cys / Tyr ) polymorphism . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Recent studies have shown that hereditary hemochromatosis ( HH ) is likely to be caused by homozygosity for a Cys282Tyr mutation in the HFE gene located 4 .
### Output Text: | Recent studies have shown that <span class="disease">hereditary hemochromatosis</span> ( <span class="disease">HH</span> ) is likely to be caused by homozygosity for a Cys282Tyr mutation in the HFE gene located 4 . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 5 Mb telomeric to HLA - A .
### Output Text: | 5 Mb telomeric to HLA - A . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Population studies of this polymorphism are facilitated by the fact that the Cys282Tyr mutation creates a Rsal restriction site .
### Output Text: | Population studies of this polymorphism are facilitated by the fact that the Cys282Tyr mutation creates a Rsal restriction site . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We have studied the codon 282 ( Cys / Tyr ) polymorphism in different ethnic groups .
### Output Text: | We have studied the codon 282 ( Cys / Tyr ) polymorphism in different ethnic groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In agreement with previous observations the Tyr allele appeared to be rare or absent in Asiatic ( Indian , Chinese ) populations .
### Output Text: | In agreement with previous observations the Tyr allele appeared to be rare or absent in Asiatic ( Indian , Chinese ) populations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The highest allele frequency ( 7 . 5 % ) was found in Swedes .
### Output Text: | The highest allele frequency ( 7 . 5 % ) was found in Swedes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Saamis ( 2 % ) and Mordvinians ( 1 . 8 % ) had significantly lower frequencies of the Tyr allele .
### Output Text: | Saamis ( 2 % ) and Mordvinians ( 1 . 8 % ) had significantly lower frequencies of the Tyr allele . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Comparisons with allele frequencies based on prevalence estimates of HH showed some disagreements with the RFLP data , particularly in Finns .
### Output Text: | Comparisons with allele frequencies based on prevalence estimates of <span class="disease">HH</span> showed some disagreements with the RFLP data , particularly in Finns . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The newly described HFE marker provides a new approach to the screening of HH as well as studies of the relationship between the HFE Tyr allele and different disorders including cancer
### Output Text: | The newly described HFE marker provides a new approach to the screening of <span class="disease">HH</span> as well as studies of the relationship between the HFE Tyr allele and different disorders including <span class="disease">cancer</span> |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus associated with a missense mutation encoding Gly23 - - > Val in neurophysin II .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus</span> associated with a missense mutation encoding Gly23 - - > Val in neurophysin II . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus ( ADNDI ) is an inherited disease caused by progressive degeneration of the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus leading to decreased ability to produce the hormone arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus</span> ( <span class="disease">ADNDI</span> ) is an <span class="disease">inherited disease</span> caused by progressive degeneration of the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus leading to decreased ability to produce the hormone arginine vasopressin ( AVP ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Affected individuals are not symptomatic at birth , but usually develop diabetes insipidus at 1 - 6 yr of age .
### Output Text: | Affected individuals are not symptomatic at birth , but usually develop <span class="disease">diabetes insipidus</span> at 1 - 6 yr of age . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The genetic locus of the disease is the AVP - neurophysin II ( NPII ) gene , and mutations that cause ADNDI have been found in both the signal peptide of the prepro - AVP - NPII precursor and within NPII itself .
### Output Text: | The genetic locus of the disease is the AVP - neurophysin II ( NPII ) gene , and mutations that cause <span class="disease">ADNDI</span> have been found in both the signal peptide of the prepro - AVP - NPII precursor and within NPII itself . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: An affected girl who presented at 9 months of age and her similarly affected younger brother and father were all found to have a novel missense mutation ( G1758 - - > T ) encoding the amino acid substitution Gly23 - - > Val within NPII .
### Output Text: | An affected girl who presented at 9 months of age and her similarly affected younger brother and father were all found to have a novel missense mutation ( G1758 - - > T ) encoding the amino acid substitution Gly23 - - > Val within NPII . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The mutation was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis .
### Output Text: | The mutation was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A T1 - weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the fathers pituitary gland demonstrates an attenuated posterior pituitary bright spot .
### Output Text: | A T1 - weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the fathers pituitary gland demonstrates an attenuated posterior pituitary bright spot . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This mutation may be valuable for developing models of dominantly inherited neurodegeneration , as the early age of onset of symptoms suggests that this mutation may be particularly deleterious to the magnocellular neuron . .
### Output Text: | This mutation may be valuable for developing models of <span class="disease">dominantly inherited neurodegeneration</span> , as the early age of onset of symptoms suggests that this mutation may be particularly deleterious to the magnocellular neuron . . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Frequent inactivation of PTEN / MMAC1 in primary prostate cancer .
### Output Text: | Frequent inactivation of PTEN / MMAC1 in primary <span class="disease">prostate cancer</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Sporadic prostate carcinoma is the most common male cancer in the Western world , yet many of the major genetic events involved in the progression of this often fatal cancer remain to be elucidated .
### Output Text: | <span class="disease">Sporadic prostate carcinoma</span> is the most common <span class="disease">male cancer</span> in the Western world , yet many of the major genetic events involved in the progression of this often fatal <span class="disease">cancer</span> remain to be elucidated . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Numerous cytogenetic and allelotype studies have reported frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosomal arm 10q in sporadic prostate cancer .
### Output Text: | Numerous cytogenetic and allelotype studies have reported frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosomal arm 10q in <span class="disease">sporadic prostate cancer</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Deletion mapping studies have unambiguously identified a region of chromosome 10q23 to be the minimal area of loss .
### Output Text: | Deletion mapping studies have unambiguously identified a region of chromosome 10q23 to be the minimal area of loss . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A new tumor suppressor gene , PTEN / MMAC1 , was isolated recently at this region of chromosome 10q23 and found to be inactivated by mutation in three prostate cancer cell lines .
### Output Text: | A new <span class="disease">tumor</span> suppressor gene , PTEN / MMAC1 , was isolated recently at this region of chromosome 10q23 and found to be inactivated by mutation in three <span class="disease">prostate cancer</span> cell lines . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We screened 80 prostate tumors by microsatellite analysis and found chromosome 10q23 to be deleted in 23 cases .
### Output Text: | We screened 80 <span class="disease">prostate tumors</span> by microsatellite analysis and found chromosome 10q23 to be deleted in 23 cases . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We then proceeded with sequence analysis of the entire PTEN / MMAC1 coding region and tested for homozygous deletion with new intragenic markers in these 23 cases with 10q23 loss of heterozygosity .
### Output Text: | We then proceeded with sequence analysis of the entire PTEN / MMAC1 coding region and tested for homozygous deletion with new intragenic markers in these 23 cases with 10q23 loss of heterozygosity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the disease entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The identification of the second mutational event in 10 ( 43 % ) tumors establishes PTEN / MMAC1 as a main inactivation target of 10q loss in sporadic prostate cancer . .
### Output Text: | The identification of the second mutational event in 10 ( 43 % ) <span class="disease">tumors</span> establishes PTEN / MMAC1 as a main inactivation target of 10q loss in <span class="disease">sporadic prostate cancer</span> . . |