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Clinical NLP Lab 21

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Irinotecan is used in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. The UGT1A1-metabolizing enzyme, expressed in liver and colon, is primarily involved in the inactivation of its active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38). Herein, we explored the role of DNA methylation in the silencing of UGT1A1 gene expression in colon cancer and its influence on cellular SN-38 detoxification.', 'UGT1A1 mRNA was repressed in most primary tumors (41 of 50; 82%) and in three colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HCT-15, and COLO-320DM). Bisulfite sequencing of the UGT1A1 gene revealed the aberrant methylation of specific CpG islands in UGT1A1-negative cells. Conversely, hypomethylation was observed in HT-29, HT-115, and LOVO cells that overexpress UGT1A1. Direct methylation of the UGT1A1 promoter resulted in the complete repression of transcriptional activity. Treatment with demethylating and histone deacetylase inhibitor agents had the capacity to reverse aberrant hypermethylation and to restore UGT1A1 expression in hypermethylated UGT1A1-negative cells but not in hypomethylated cells. Loss of UGT1A1 methylation was further associated with an increase in UGT1A1 protein content and with an enhanced inactivation of SN-38 by 300% in HCT-116 cells.'] Is irinotecan inactivation modulated by epigenetic silencing of UGT1A1 in colon cancer?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Anaemia is the most common haematological complication of HIV and associated with a high morbidity and a poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of HIV-associated anaemia is poorly understood and may include a direct effect of HIV on erythropoiesis. In vitro studies have suggested that specific HIV strains, like X4 that uses the CXCR4 co-receptor present on erythroid precursors, are associated with diminished erythropoiesis. This co-receptor affinity is determined by changes in the hypervariable loop of the HIV-1 envelope genome. In a previous case-control study we observed an association between HIV and severe anaemia in Malawian children that could not be fully explained by secondary infections and micronutrient deficiencies alone. We therefore explored the possibility that alterations in the V1-V2-V3 fragment of HIV-1 were associated with severe anaemia.', 'Using peripheral blood nucleic acid isolates of HIV-infected children identified in the previous studied we assessed if variability of the V1-V2-V3 region of HIV and the occurrence of X4 strains were more common in HIV-infected children with (cases, n = 29) and without severe anaemia (controls, n = 30). For 15 cases bone marrow isolates were available to compare against peripheral blood. All children were followed for 18 months after recruitment.', 'Phylogenetic analysis showed that HIV-1 subtype C was present in all but one child. All V1-V2-V3 characteristics tested: V3 charge, V1-V2 length and potential glycosylation sites, were not found to be different between cases and controls. Using a computer model (C-PSSM) four children (7.8%) were identified to have an X4 strain. This prevalence was not different between study groups (p = 1.00). The V3 loop characteristics for bone marrow and peripheral blood isolates in the case group were identical. None of the children identified as having an X4 strain developed a (new) episode of severe anaemia during follow up.'] Is severe anaemia associated with HIV-1 env gene characteristics in Malawian children?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Plexiform neurofibromas (pNF) are Schwann cell tumors found in a third of individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). pNF can undergo transformation to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). There are no identified serum biomarkers of pNF tumor burden or transformation to MPNST. Serum biomarkers would be useful to verify NF1 diagnosis, monitor tumor burden, and/or detect transformation.', 'We used microarray gene expression analysis to define 92 genes that encode putative secreted proteins in neurofibroma Schwann cells, neurofibromas, and MPNST. We validated differential expression by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA assays in cell conditioned medium and control and NF1 patient sera.', 'Of 13 candidate genes evaluated, only adrenomedullin (ADM) was confirmed as differentially expressed and elevated in serum of NF1 patients. ADM protein concentrati on was further elevated in serum of a small sampling of NF1 patients with MPNST. MPNST cell conditioned medium, containing ADM and hepatocyte growth factor, stimulated MPNST migration and endothelial cell proliferation.'] Does gene expression analysis identify potential biomarkers of neurofibromatosis type 1 including adrenomedullin?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Meniscus injuries are the most commonly reported in athletes. Meniscectomy is the most common treatment. Stable peripheral tears may heal, while degenerative tears do well with physical therapy. However, the exact role of physical therapy in treating symptomatic unstable meniscal tears is not known. We aimed to identify the role of physical therapy in treating such patients and clarify the role of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in treating unstable meniscal tears.', 'Seventy patients with unstable meniscal tear met the inclusion criteria according to Vande Berg and co-workers. Clinical examination, McMurray test and magnetic resonance imaging were done. Age ranged from 18-67 years (average 39.87). Mild osteoarthritis was seen in 20 cases. Physical therapy thrice a week for eight weeks was offered (faradic quadriceps stimulation and neuromuscular strengthening exercises). After physical therapy, patients still complaining or unsatisfied were offered arthroscopic partial menisectomy (APM). Outcomes were evaluated using the VAS pain score and the Lysholm knee score.', 'Mean VAS before interventions was 7.4, significantly improved to 5.16 after rehabilitation and to 1.9 after APM (p\\u2009=\\u20090.001). Mean Lysholm score before rehabilitation was 65.1 and improved to 69.6 after rehabilitation, the difference was non-significant. However, Lysholm score difference before and after APM showed a highly significant difference (p\\u2009=\\u20090.001).'] Is arthroscopic partial meniscectomy superior to physical rehabilitation in the management of symptomatic unstable meniscal tears?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Numerous studies have been performed to discover predictive/prognostic biomarkers for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer development. More recently, microRNAs were suggested as possible biomarkers of HPV-associated cancers and our aim was to characterize the expression of let-7c in exfoliated cervical cells from women with cervical intraepithelial lesions.', 'Let-7c expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 73 women with normal or cervical intraepithelial lesions: normal epithelium with (n = 17) and without (n = 21) HPV infection; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (n = 14); and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (n = 21).', 'Data showed a trend to down-regulation in women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (2(-ΔΔCt) = 0.38, p = 0.06) and a significant decreased expression of let-7c in women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (2(-ΔΔCt) = 0.21; p = 0.004). The combined analysis of all cervical intraepithelial lesions revealed a down-regulation of let-7c expression (2(-ΔΔCt) = 0.27; p = 0.011).'] Is let-7c a Candidate Biomarker for Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions : A Pilot Study?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Degrees of nutrient intake and food groups have been linked to differential chronic disease risk. However, intakes of specific nutrients may also be associated with differential diet costs and unobserved differences in socioeconomic status (SES). The present study examined degrees of nutrient intake, for every key nutrient in the diet, in relation to diet cost and SES.', 'Socio-demographic data for a stratified random sample of adult respondents in the Seattle Obesity Study were obtained through telephone survey. Dietary intakes were assessed using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (n\\u200a=\\u200a1,266). Following standard procedures, nutrient intakes were energy-adjusted using the residual method and converted into quintiles. Diet cost for each respondent was estimated using Seattle supermarket retail prices for 384 FFQ component foods.', 'Higher intakes of dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, D, E, and B12, beta carotene, folate, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium were associated with higher diet costs. The cost gradient was most pronounced for vitamin C, beta carotene, potassium, and magnesium. Higher intakes of saturated fats, trans fats and added sugars were associated with lower diet costs. Lower cost lower quality diets were more likely to be consumed by lower SES.'] Are nutrient intakes linked to better health outcomes associated with higher diet costs in the US?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) is a mitochondrial matrix protein that directly influences intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA pools. Murine CrAT is encoded by a single gene located in the opposite orientation head to head to the PPP2R4 gene, sharing a very condensed bi-directional promoter. Since decreased CrAT expression is correlated with metabolic inflexibility and subsequent pathological consequences, our aim was to reveal and define possible activators of CrAT transcription in the normal embryonic murine liver cell line BNL CL. 2 and via which nuclear factors based on key metabolites mainly regulate hepatic expression of CrAT. Here we describe a functional characterization of the CrAT promoter region under conditions of L-carnitine deficiency and supplementation as well as fenofibrate induction in cell culture cells.', 'The murine CrAT promoter displays some characteristics of a housekeeping gene: it lacks a TATA-box, is very GC-rich and harbors two Sp1 binding sites. Analysis of the promoter activity of CrAT by luciferase assays uncovered a L-carnitine sensitive region within -342 bp of the transcription start. Electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays proved the sequence element (-228/-222) to be an L-carnitine sensitive RXRα binding site, which also showed sensitivity to application of anti-PPARα and anti-PPARbp antibodies. In addition we analysed this specific RXRα/PPARα site by Southwestern Blotting technique and could pin down three protein factors binding to this promoter element. By qPCR we could quantify the nutrigenomic effect of L-carnitine itself and fenofibrate.'] Are l-carnitine and PPARα-agonist fenofibrate involved in the regulation of Carnitine Acetyltransferase ( CrAT ) mRNA levels in murine liver cells?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) prevents pathogen adherence at mucosal surfaces to prevent infection. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), located on the basolateral surface of mucosal cells, binds dimeric IgA produced by B cells with the cooperation of T cells in the lamina propria. This IgA-pIgR complex is transported apically, where it is exocytosed as secretory IgA to the mucosal surface. Our prior work shows that parenteral nutrition (PN) impairs both airway and small intestine mucosal immunity by reducing T and B cells and IgA levels. This work examines intestinal and respiratory tissue-specific pIgR responses to PN.', 'Cannulated male Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomized to Chow (n = 10) or PN (n = 10). After 5 days, animals were sacrificed and lavages obtained from the small intestine, lung (BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage), and nasal airways (NAL). Small intestine, lung, and nasal passage tissues were also collected. Lavage and tissue homogenate IgA levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pIgR by Western blot.', 'PN group SIL and NAL IgA levels dropped significantly compared with Chow. PN significantly reduced pIgR levels in the SI while no pIgR change was noted in nasal passages and lung pIgR actually increased with PN. Tissue homogenate IgA levels did not change with PN in the SI while levels in the nasal passage and lung decreased.'] Does parenteral nutrition induce organ specific alterations in polymeric immunoglobulin receptor levels?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Brains are often subject to injurious effect following remote burn injury and increased productions of inflammatory cytokines are involved. It is also known that pentoxifylline (PTX) exerts multiple beneficial effects on the inflammatory cascade. Therefore, we investigated whether a single dose of PTX given immediately following severe remote burn would protect the brain from the injurious effects.', 'Rats were divided randomly into the sham burn group, burn placebo-treated group and burn PTX-treated group. Single dose of PTX was injected 15 min following initial burn injury. We measured the levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in the brain tissue at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 h after burn. Other measures included the level of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation, glial activation and apoptosis of cortical cells.', 'PTX substantially suppressed the burn-induced surge in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the rat-brain tissues. PTX reduced the level of burn-induced apoptosis. PTX also significantly reduced the activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-κB and reduced the activation of glial cells in the brain tissue.'] Do protective effects of pentoxifylline on the brain following remote burn injury?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['This study sought to answer the question, \"Can police officers administer intranasal naloxone to drug overdose victims to decrease the opioid overdose death rate?\"', 'This prospective interventional study was conducted in Lorain County, OH, from January 2011 to October 2014. Starting October 2013, trained police officers administered naloxone to suspected opioid overdose victims through a police officer naloxone prescription program (NPP). Those found by the county coroner to be positive for opioids at the time of death and those who received naloxone from police officers were included in this study. The rate of change in the total number of opioid-related deaths in Lorain County per quarter year, before and after initiation of the NPP, and the trend in the survival rate of overdose victims who were given naloxone were analyzed by linear regression. Significance was established a priori at P < .05.', 'Data from 247 individuals were eligible for study inclusion. Opioid overdose deaths increased significantly before initiation of the police officer NPP with average deaths per quarter of 5.5 for 2011, 15.3 for 2012, and 16.3 for the first 9 months of 2013. After initiation of the police officer NPP, the number of opioid overdose deaths decreased each quarter with an overall average of 13.4. Of the 67 participants who received naloxone by police officers, 52 (77.6%) survived, and 8 (11.9%) were lost to follow-up.'] Is intranasal naloxone administration by police first responders associated with decreased opioid overdose deaths?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['We evaluated whether genistein or estrogen treatment has the same effect when administered immediately or late to rats induced with menopause using ovariectomy.', 'Sixty adult female rats were divided into six treatment groups: GI = vehicle immediately after ovariectomy; GII = vehicle 30 days after ovariectomy; GIII = genistein immediately after ovariectomy; GIV = genistein 30 days after ovariectomy; GV = estrogen immediately after ovariectomy; and GVI = estrogen 30 days after ovariectomy. All animals were treated for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, part of the uteri was removed for subsequent histological studies and another part was used to evaluate estrogen receptors 1 and 2, cell proliferation (cyclin A1 and A2, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors 1, 1B and 2, antigen identified by the monoclonal antibody Ki67) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A) gene expression.', 'Late treatment after castration in rats resulted in more developed endometrium, enhanced cell proliferation and estrogen-signalling pathways, particularly the cyclin-related genes Ki67 and VEGF-A, compared to early treatment. Interestingly, these same effects were less intense with genistein compared to those induced by estrogen, especially when genistein was administered late.'] Do soybean isoflavones attenuate the expression of genes related to endometrial cancer risk?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Cross-sectional studies have shown that chronic musculoskeletal pain and somatic symptoms are frequently reported by sexual assault (SA) survivors; however, prospective studies examining pain and somatic symptoms in the months after SA have not been performed.', 'Women SA survivors 18 years of age or older who presented for care within 48\\u2009h of SA were recruited. Pain in eight body regions (head and face, neck, breast, arms, abdomen, back, genital and pelvic, and legs) and 21 common somatic symptoms (e.g., headache, nausea, insomnia, persistent fatigue) were assessed (0-10 numeric rating scale in each body region) at the time of presentation, 1-week, 6-week and 3-month interview. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed at the 6-week and 3-month interview.', 'Clinically significant new or worsening pain (CSNWP) symptoms were common among study participants 6\\u2009weeks after SA [43/74, 58% (95% CI, 47-69%)] and 3\\u2009months after SA [40/67, 60% (95% CI, 48-71%)] and generally occurred in regions not experiencing trauma. Women SA survivors also experienced an increased burden of many common somatic symptoms: 8/21 (38%) and 11/21 (52%) common somatic symptoms showed a significant increase in severity 6\\u2009weeks and 3\\u2009months after SA, respectively. Correlations between PTSD, CSNWP and somatic symptoms were only low to moderate, suggesting that these outcomes are distinct.'] Are pain and somatic symptoms sequelae of sexual assault : results of a prospective longitudinal study?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To directly assess the role of beta cell lipolysis in insulin secretion and whole-body energy homeostasis, inducible beta cell-specific adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)-deficient (B-Atgl-KO) mice were studied under normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) conditions.', 'Atgl ', 'ND-fed male B-Atgl-KO mice showed decreased insulinaemia and glucose-induced insulin secretion (GSIS) in vivo. Changes in GSIS correlated with the islet content of long-chain saturated monoacylglycerol (MAG) species that have been proposed to be metabolic coupling factors for insulin secretion. Exogenous MAGs restored GSIS in B-Atgl-KO islets. B-Atgl-KO male mice fed an HFD showed reduced insulinaemia, glycaemia in the fasted and fed states and after glucose challenge, as well as enhanced insulin sensitivity. Moreover, decreased insulinaemia in B-Atgl-KO mice was associated with increased energy expenditure, and lipid metabolism in brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissues, leading to reduced fat mass and body weight.'] Does a beta cell ATGL-lipolysis/adipose tissue axis control energy homeostasis and body weight via insulin secretion in mice?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive deterioration of the kidney function, which may eventually lead to renal failure and the need for dialysis or kidney transplant. Whether initiated in the glomeruli or the tubuli, CKD is characterized by progressive nephron loss, for which the process of tubular deletion is of key importance. Tubular deletion results from tubular epithelial cell death and defective repair, leading to scarring of the renal parenchyma. Several cytokines and signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the Fas pathway, have been shown to participate in vivo in tubular cell death. However, there is some controversy about their mode of action, since a direct effect on normal tubular cells has not been demonstrated. We hypothesized that epithelial cells would require specific priming to become sensitive to TGF-β or Fas stimulation and that this priming would be brought about by specific mediators found in the pathological scenario.', 'Herein we studied whether the combined effect of several stimuli known to take part in CKD progression, namely TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and Fas stimulation, on primed resistant human tubular cells caused cell death or reduced proliferation.', 'We demonstrate that these cytokines have no synergistic effect on the proliferation or viability of human kidney (HK2) cells. We also demonstrate that IFN-γ, but not the other stimuli, reduces the proliferation of cycloheximide-primed HK2 cells without affecting their viability.'] Does interferon-γ reduce the Proliferation of Primed Human Renal Tubular Cells?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The purpose of this study was to identify novel autoantigens that react with specific serum autoantibodies in patients with glaucoma.', 'Sera from patients with glaucoma (n = 80) and healthy subjects without a known pathology (n = 20) were investigated by immunoblot performed with bovine optic nerve lysates and resolved by one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins in the immunoreactive spots were selected and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data analysis. All the sera from subjects were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify autoantibodies.', 'We selected two prominent bands with molecular weights of 100 and 220 kDa by 8% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, and these two bands were only found in the glaucoma patients. Using one-dimensional electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS analyses, we identified these proteins to be valosin-containing protein (VCP) and fodrin, respectively, and using two-dimensional electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS analyses, VCP was identified to be a common target antigen. In patients with primary open angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma, the frequency of autoantibodies to recombinant human VCP was 42.0 and 23.3%, respectively (p < 0.002). In the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, autoantibody titers to recombinant human VCP were significantly higher than that in healthy controls (p < 0.025).'] Is valosin-containing protein a novel autoantigen in patients with glaucoma?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The ventral striatum, particularly the nucleus accumbens, is commonly associated with the processing of reward and positive stimuli, positive affect as well as antinociceptive processes.', 'The present study examined whether the ventral striatum is implicated in analgesia resulting from positive mood change induced by pleasant odours.', 'Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies were conducted in healthy individuals receiving painful heat stimuli in the presence of pleasant or unpleasant odours, which were used to induce positive and negative mood states. Ventral striatum activity was examined in the two mood states.', 'For most subjects, pleasant odours improved mood and reduced pain unpleasantness perception relative to unpleasant odours. In the pleasant odour condition, the maximum activation of both the left and right ventral striatum was positively correlated with the amount of pain reduction. Furthermore, the left and right ventral striatum activations positively covaried with one another, and the right ventral striatum activation positively correlated with that in the periaqueductal grey matter. Both ventral striatum activations negatively covaried with the activation of the right mediodorsal thalamus, left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, left medial prefrontal cortex and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.'] Is the ventral striatum implicated in the analgesic effect of mood changes?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To assess whether progesterone elevation is the only factor in determining outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF).', 'Retrospective cohort study.', 'Infertility clinic at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.', 'One thousand five hundred eight women undergoing a total of 1,508 IVF cycles.', 'None.', 'Clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates.', 'Patients were classified into four subgroups according to their progesterone concentration on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) triggering. The clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates were statistically significantly associated with the age of the woman, the day of embryo transfer, the progesterone concentration on the day of hCG administration, the number of transferred embryos, and the number of top-quality embryos transferred. However, after omitting the women with the highest progesterone concentration (≥1.94 ng/mL), only four factors-patient age, day of embryo transfer, number of transferred embryos, and number of top-quality embryos transferred-were statistically significantly associated with the clinical pregnancy and live-birth rates.'] Is progesterone elevation on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration the only factor determining outcomes of in vitro fertilization?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To assess whether the analysis of high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), a biomarker of inflammation, and placental growth factor (PlGF), a biomarker of placental dysfunction, could help identify patients at risk for preterm birth (PTB).', 'We performed a prospective cohort study of women with symptoms of preterm labor (22-33 6/7 weeks). Maternal serum was analyzed for hsCRP and PlGF. Median biomarker values were used as analytic cut-points. We performed chi-square tests of association between biomarkers and PTB, nonparametric tests to compare medians, and logistic regression to determine the odds of PTB associated with biomarker values. Test characteristics of each biomarker were calculated.', '56.3% of the cohort (N = 96) delivered preterm. Median hsCRP (N = 78) was 4.34 mg/L, and median PlGF (N = 86) was 558.25 mg/l. In the setting of inflammation (high hsCRP), women with low PlGF had a 6.84-fold (95%CI: 1.57-29.80) increased risk of PTB. In the setting of placental dysfunction (low PlGF), women with high hsCRP had a 5.97-fold (95%CI: 1.52-23.43) increased risk of PTB.'] Are biomarkers of inflammation and placental dysfunction associated with subsequent preterm birth?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To investigate whether genetic polymorphisms in the FSH pathway (FSHB-211 G→T and FSHR 2039 A→G) affect serum levels of FSH, antimüllerian hormone (AMH), and age at pubertal onset. FSH secretion and FSH signal transduction are enhanced in carriers of FSHB GG and FSHR AA, respectively. Furthermore, the combined genotype FSHB GG+FSHR AA is the most favorable for male gonadal function, but the effect of this genotype has never been evaluated in peripubertal females. AMH is a marker of ovarian function and is negatively correlated with FSH in prepubertal girls.', 'Secondary analyses of a prospective cohort study.', 'General community.', 'We examined 78 healthy girls twice yearly for 6 years; the median age at baseline was 9.3 years.', 'None.', 'Hormone levels were measured by immunoassays, and DNA was isolated from blood and genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction-amplified regions.', 'Carriers of FSHB GG+FSHR AA had higher FSH before pubertal onset (median 2.2 vs. 1.5 IU/L) and lower AMH (13.8 vs. 19.4 pmol/L) compared with carriers of other genotypes. In crude analysis, girls with FSHB GG+FSHR AA entered puberty earlier, 9.7 vs. 10.6 years. However, the difference was no longer statistically significant after including interval-, right-, and left-censored data in a probit analysis.'] Are fSHB-211 and FSHR 2039 associated with serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and antimüllerian hormone in healthy girls : a longitudinal cohort study?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of preoperative statin therapy on postoperative mortality in high-risk patients after isolated valve surgery.', 'An observational cohort study.', 'A 1,200-bed university hospital.', 'All consecutive patients undergoing isolated nonemergent valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between November 2005 and December 2007 were included.', 'None.', 'During the period, 772 consecutive patients underwent nonemergent isolated valve surgery. Among them, 430 were high cardiovascular risk (defined by patients with 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors). In the high-risk cardiovascular patients, statin pretreatment was administered in 222 patients (52%). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment with a propensity score analysis, preoperative statin therapy was associated with a significant reduction of postoperative mortality in patients with high risk (odds ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.97; p = 0.04). Low left ventricular ejection fraction and elevated pulmonary artery pressure also were independently associated with increased postoperative mortality. By contrast, in the low-risk patient group, few patients received preoperative statin therapy (7%).'] Is preoperative statin treatment associated with reduced postoperative mortality after isolated cardiac valve surgery in high-risk patients?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Appropriate activation of growth signaling pathways, specifically mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), is central to muscle mass and metabolism. The goal of these studies was to examine the effects of metformin on mTORC1 signaling in aged skeletal muscle in an attempt to normalize growth signaling.', 'Aged (23m) and young (3m) male mice were fed a low fat diet without or with 0.5% metformin for up to 8 weeks, then mTORC1-related signaling was examined in the plantar flexor complex.', 'Metformin had no significant effect on lowering body weight or muscle mass in aged animals, nor altered p70 S6 Kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) phosphorylation. However, it significantly (P < 0.05) reduced body weight and lowered S6K1 and rpS6 phosphorylation in the young.'] Is hyperactive mTORC1 signaling unaffected by metformin treatment in aged skeletal muscle?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The antimalarial agent, artemisinin, also confers cancer-specific cytotoxic effects by reacting with ferrous iron atoms to form free radicals. Here, we investigated the radiosensitizing effects of dihydroartemisinin on glioma cells and assessed some possible mechanisms for these effects.', 'U373MG glioma cells treated with various concentrations of dihydroartemisinin plus radiation, and efficiency of radiosensitization was assessed by clonogenic survival assay. Expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were quantified by western blot and enzymatic activity analyses, respectively.', 'Dihydroartemisinin showed higher cytotoxicity in the glioma cell lines than in the liver, breast or cervical cancer cell lines. In clonogenic survival assays, treatment with dihydroartemisinin alone dose-dependently reduced the number of U373MG colonies, while treatment with dihydroartemisinin plus gamma-irradiation showed far lower clonal survival than cultures treated with radiation or dihydroartemisinin alone. The radiosensitizing effect of dihydroartemisinin was blocked significantly by the free radical scavengers, NAC and TIRON, indicating association with dihydroartemisinin-induced ROS generation. In addition, the radiation-induced expression of endogenous GST was suppressed by treatment with dihydroartemisinin. The radiosensitizing effect of dihydroartemisinin was also markedly enhanced by the addition of holotransferrin'] Does dihydroartemisinin enhance radiosensitivity of human glioma cells in vitro?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The objective of this study was to assess the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on recruitment, cyclic recruitment and derecruitment and strain in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome using lung computed tomography.', 'This is an open, controlled, non-randomized interventional study of ten patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Using computed tomography, single, basal slices of the lung were obtained during inspiratory and expiratory pauses at a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg and a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cmH2O. The densities of the lung parenchyma were measured in Hounsfield units. The values for positive end-expiratory pressure-induced recruitment, cyclic recruitment and derecruitment and strain were then calculated.', 'Increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure were correlated with increased recruitment and global strain (p < 0.01), which was significantly correlated with plateau pressure (r² = 0.97, p < 0.01). In addition, increasing levels of positive end-expiratory pressure systematically increased strain along the sternovertebral axis.'] Does positive end-expiratory pressure increase strain in patients with ALI/ARDS?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Cannabis use has been identified as a possible risk factor for developing schizophrenia. In a previous paper we reported preliminary evidence that cannabis use increases the likelihood of psychosis-like experiences in non-clinical respondents who scored highly on a measure of schizotypy. We now present findings from pooled data from 3 new follow-up studies comprising a sample of 477 respondents, of whom 332 reported using cannabis at least once.', 'As in our previous study, the psychological effects of cannabis were assessed with the Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire, from which 3 subscales can be derived; encompassing pleasurable experiences, psychosis-like experiences and after-effects. The respondents also completed the brief Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire.', 'Cannabis use was reported by 70% of the sample. Use per se was not significantly related to schizotypy. However, high scoring schizotypes were more likely to report both psychosis-like experiences and unpleasant after-effects associated with cannabis use. The pleasurable effects of cannabis use were not related to schizotypy. Exploratory factor analysis of the pooled data from this study and our previous report (providing a sample of >400 cannabis users) suggested a 3-factor solution. These were characterised as a psychotic-dysphoric index (factor 1), an expansive index (factor 2) and an intoxicated index (factor 3). Schizotypy was highly correlated with factors 1 and 3, though not with factor 2.'] Are cannabis-induced psychotic-like experiences predicted by high schizotypy . Confirmation of preliminary results in a large cohort?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To determine if clinically asymptomatic knee joints in patients with recent onset arthritis reveal histological evidence of synovitis.', 'As part of a prospective study of patients with synovitis of less than one year duration, we performed blind needle biopsies on the knees of 20 patients who had synovitis elsewhere but no symptoms or detectable swelling or tenderness of the biopsied joint.', 'Histologic evidence of synovitis was observed in 11 knees (55%). All patients with synovitis had evidence of synovial lining cell hyperplasia, increased vascularity, and lymphocytic infiltrates. Five of 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 5 of 8 with undifferentiated arthritis had histological evidence of synovitis, but none of the 5 with reactive arthritis (ReA) had synovitis in the asymptomatic joints. Histologic evidence of synovitis persisted in some after clinical resolution of previous pain and swelling, while it occurred in others with no history of previous involvement of that knee.'] Does synovitis occur in some clinically normal and asymptomatic joints in patients with early arthritis?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Food allergy is a common disease without effective treatment. Since strict elimination of food allergens may be difficult, strategies for effective intervention are urgently needed.', 'The aim was to investigate the prophylactic use of orally administrated FIP-fve, an immunomodulatory protein isolated from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, in a murine model of food allergy.', 'BALB/c mice were immunized twice intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA), at an interval of 2 weeks. Before and during each period of immunization, FIP-fve (200 microg per mouse) or phosphate-buffered saline was given orally every other day with a total of five doses. Then OVA-specific antibodies and cytokine profiles were determined. Subsequently, the mice were orally challenged with OVA. Symptoms of anaphylaxis, levels of plasma histamine, and histology of intestines were examined.', 'Mice receiving oral FIP-fve treatment during sensitization to OVA had an impaired OVA-specific IgE response with a Th1-predominant cytokine profile. These mice were protected from systemic anaphylaxis-like symptoms induced by subsequent oral challenge with OVA.'] Does oral administration of an edible-mushroom-derived protein inhibit the development of food-allergic reactions in mice?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The administration of endostatin, a potent anti-angiogenic agent, will be required for extended periods of time as a cancer treatment. The aim of the present study was to induce endogenous endostatin secretion in a continuous fashion, based on retroviral gene transfer. The tumor response was evaluated in an orthotopic murine tumor model of human lung cancer.', 'Human non-small-cell lung cancer cells (KNS 62) were retrovirally transduced with the human endostatin gene. An orthotopic murine xenotransplant model was used to investigate tumor growth, metastases and survival. After 4 weeks of subcutaneous growth, endostatin expression was measured by immunoblot analysis in tumor lysates.', 'The growth of the subcutaneous tumors was significantly delayed, and orthotopic tumor growth and pleural metastases were significantly reduced in endostatin-transduced KNS 62 tumors. Prolongation of survival subsequent to orthotopic tumor induction was demonstrated. Strong endostatin expression was found in subcutaneous tumors after 4 weeks.'] Does retroviral endostatin gene transfer inhibit growth of human lung cancer in a murine orthotopic xenotransplant model?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) comprise a group of fatal degenerative neurological diseases in humans and other mammals. After infection, the cellular prion protein isoform PrPC is converted to the pathological PrPSC scrapie isoform. The continued conversion of PrPC to PrPSC requires de novo endogenous PrP synthesis for disease progression. The human prion protein gene (PRNP) promoter was therefore investigated to identify regulatory elements that could serve as targets for therapeutic intervention.', \"The human prion protein gene (PRNP) promoter from position -1593 to +134 relative to the putative transcriptional start site (+1) was analyzed by transient transfection in HeLa cells. Deletions from the 5' end between positions -1593 and -232 yielded little change in activity. A further 5' deletion at position -90 resulted in a decline in activity to a level of about 30% of the full-length value. DNase I footprinting of the region between positions -259 and +2 identified two adjacent protected domains designated as prpA (-116 to -143) and prpB (-147 to -186). Internal deletions combined with mobility shift electrophoresis and methylation interference assays indicated the presence of sequence specific nuclear factor complexes that bind to the prpA and prpB domains and activate expression from the human PRNP promoter in an additive fashion.\"] Do two adjacent nuclear factor-binding domains activate expression from the human PRNP promoter?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Cellular debris, an indicator of cell death, appears in limb buds of gestational day 12 rabbit embryos 4 hr after either a subcutaneous injection of hydroxyurea to pregnant rabbits or an injection of hydroxyurea into the exocoelomic cavities of the embryos. This episode of early cell death appears to be central to the teratogenic action of hydroxyurea. Several chemicals that are structurally related to hydroxyurea, and that possess a terminal hydroxylamine moiety (-NHOH), also produce limb abnormalities.', 'To investigate whether the hydroxylamine moiety is responsible for early cell death and, therefore, is likely to be associated with teratogenesis, five structurally related hydroxylamine-bearing chemicals (hydroxylamine hydrochloride, N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydroxyurea, acetohydroxamic acid, and hydroxyurethane) were administered at equimolar doses to rabbits either by subcutaneous (8.55 mmol/kg) or intracoelomic (2.66 micromol/embryo) injection on gestational day 12. Five additional chemicals, structurally similar to the hydroxylamine-bearing compounds, but possessing a terminal amino group (-NH(2)) (ammonium hydroxide, methylamine, urea, acetamide, and urethane), were tested at equimolar or higher doses by an identical protocol. In a subsequent experiment, the antioxidant propyl gallate (3.0 mmol/kg or 1.30 micromol/embryo) was co-administered with the hydroxylamine-bearing compounds to determine its effect on early cell death. Embryos were harvested 4 or 8 hr after treatment and analyzed by light microscopy.', 'Cellular debris was obvious in forelimb buds from embryos treated with the hydroxylamine-bearing compounds; however, none of the amino compounds produced an early episode of embryonic cell death. In all cases, the antioxidant propyl gallate prevented or delayed the early episode of cell death observed after treatment with the hydroxylamine-bearing compounds.'] Is hydroxylamine moiety of developmental toxicants associated with early cell death : a structure-activity analysis?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To determine if the timing of normalization of CA-125 levels during primary chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) could predict survival.', 'Patients who reached a complete clinical response for EOC with primary taxane/platinum-based chemotherapy were eligible. Patient demographics, chemotherapy administration, CA-125 levels, and survival outcomes were abstracted. Progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and platinum sensitivity (>6 months from chemotherapy completion) were compared to CA-125 levels during primary therapy.', \"262 patients who achieved a complete clinical response were identified. Patients who achieved normalization of CA-125 by 3rd cycle of chemotherapy were compared to patients who failed to achieve normalization by the 3rd cycle. Patients with early normalization demonstrated improved PFS (19 vs. 6 months; p<0.001), OS (48 vs. 27 months; p<0.001) and platinum sensitivity (78 vs. 22%; p<0.001). This survival advantage was maintained when patients were evaluated by debulking status. Additionally, when stratified by the specific cycle patients' achieved normalization, PFS ranged from 25 months after surgery to 2 months after 6th cycle (p<0.001). OS demonstrated a similar trend from 74 months to 22 months (p<0.001), while platinum sensitivity decreased from 72% to 24% (p<0.001). An average of 3.8 months in PFS and 8.6 months of OS was gained for each one-cycle improvement in CA-125 normalization.\"] Is the timing of normalization of CA-125 levels during primary chemotherapy predictive of survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor with essential functions for cell physiology and survival, and its expression correlates with prognosis in a number of malignancies. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of GPR56 expression with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).', 'The levels of GPR56 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 157 NSCLC tissue samples. The association between GPR56 and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated by χ (2) test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to demonstrate the prognosis role of GPR56. The function of GPR56 in NSCLC cell lines was also explored through overexpression and knockdown studies.', 'The expression level of GPR56 in tumor tissues was significantly correlated with the TNM stage of NSCLC (P=0.005). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that GPR56 can act as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Furthermore, through overexpression and knockdown experiments, we confirmed that GPR56 can promote the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells.'] Is expression of G protein-coupled receptor 56 associated with tumor progression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Statins are effective in prevention of end-organ damage; however, the benefits cannot be fully explained on the basis of cholesterol reduction. We used an angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent model to test the hypothesis that cerivastatin prevents leukocyte adhesion and infiltration, induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and ameliorates end-organ damage.', 'We analyzed intracellular targets, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase and transcription factor (nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1) activation. We used immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. We treated rats transgenic for human renin and angiotensinogen (dTGR) chronically from week 4 to 7 with cerivastatin (0.5 mg/kg by gavage).', 'Untreated dTGR developed hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and renal damage, with a 100-fold increased albuminuria and focal cortical necrosis. dTGR mortality at the age of seven weeks was 45%. Immunohistochemistry showed increased iNOS expression in the endothelium and media of small vessels, infiltrating cells, afferent arterioles, and glomeruli of dTGR, which was greater in cortex than medulla. Phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) was increased in dTGR; nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 were both activated. Cerivastatin decreased systolic blood pressure compared with untreated dTGR (147 +/- 14 vs. 201 +/- 6 mm Hg, P < 0.001). Albuminuria was reduced by 60% (P = 0.001), and creatinine was lowered (0.45 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.68 +/- 0.05 mg/dL, P = 0. 003); however, cholesterol was not reduced. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression was diminished, while neutrophil and monocyte infiltration in the kidney was markedly reduced. ERK phosphorylation and transcription factor activation were reduced. In addition, in vitro incubation of vascular smooth muscle cells with cerivastatin (0.5 micromol/L) almost completely prevented the Ang II-induced ERK phosphorylation.'] Does cerivastatin prevent angiotensin II-induced renal injury independent of blood pressure- and cholesterol-lowering effects?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Intermittent hypoxia has been suggested to increase exercise tolerance by enhancing stress resistance and improving oxygen delivery. Because the improvement of exercise tolerance reduces mortality in the elderly with and without coronary artery disease intermittent hypoxia might be a valuable preventive and therapeutic tool. However, controlled studies are lacking.', 'Sixteen males (50-70 years, 8 with and 8 without prior myocardial infarction) were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive 15 sessions of passive intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or normoxia (control group) within 3 weeks. For the hypoxia group each session consisted of three to five hypoxic (14-10% oxygen) periods (3-5 min) with 3-min normoxic intervals. Controls inhaled only normoxic air in the same way. Exercise tests were performed before and after the 3-week breathing program. After 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxia peak oxygen consumption had increased compared to normoxic conditions (+ 6.2% vs.-3%, p < 0.001). This improvement was closely related to the enhanced arterial oxygen content after hypoxia (r = 0.9, p < 0.001). Both higher haemoglobin concentration and less arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise contributed to the increase in arterial oxygen content. During sub-maximal exercise (cycling at 1 W/kg) heart rate, systolic blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, and the rating of perceived exertion were diminished after intermittent hypoxia compared to control conditions (all p < 0.05). Changes in responses to exercise after intermittent hypoxia were similar in subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction.'] Does intermittent hypoxia increase exercise tolerance in elderly men with and without coronary artery disease?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Lung involvement is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common pulmonary manifestation. An abnormal profibrotic Th2/Tc2-polarized T cell response is postulated to mediate tissue damage and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a polarized T cell phenotype in SSc is associated with lung disease or other clinical manifestations of SSc.', 'Circulating T cells were characterized by flow cytometry in 62 patients with SSc and 36 healthy control subjects, using antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, chemokine receptor CCR5 (Th1/Tc1-specific), and prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 (Th2/Tc2-specific). The ratio between CCR5 and CRTH2 T cell frequencies was used to quantify type 1 (high-ratio) or type 2 (low-ratio) immune polarization.', 'Patients with SSc exhibited lower CCR5/CRTH2 T cell ratios than those exhibited by control subjects (P<0.0001), indicating a Th2/Tc2-polarized phenotype. Markedly reduced CCR5/CRTH2 T cell ratios were observed in SSc patients with ILD compared with SSc patients without ILD (P<0.0001), particularly in patients with active ILD (P<0.0001) compared with those with stable lung function. Lower CCR5/CRTH2 ratios were strongly associated with a lower value for the percent predicted forced vital capacity (P<0.0001). In patients with an estimated right ventricular systolic pressure>35 mm Hg, suggestive of pulmonary vascular disease, a lower value for the percent predicted diffusing capacity (DLCO) was associated with higher CCR5/CRTH2 T cell ratios (Th1/Tc1) (P=0.009), while in those with right ventricular systolic pressure<35 mm Hg, a lower value for the percent predicted DLCO correlated with lower ratios (Th2/Tc2) (P<0.0001), as observed for ILD.'] Does t cell polarization identify distinct clinical phenotypes in scleroderma lung disease?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To examine those factors associated with the use of different types of ambulatory health services in a rural adolescent population.', 'The student bodies of 2 middle schools and 2 high schools in rural areas in a mid Atlantic state (N = 1615) were surveyed using a self-administered health status and health services use instrument. Logistic regression was used to assess factors predicting receipt of (1) preventive services, (2) problem-focused services, and (3) emergency services.', 'One third of the rural youth reported having received preventive services within the previous 3 months; 41% received problem-focused care, and 18% received emergency services. Having the same provider for both preventive and illness care was the most consistent and significant predictor of receipt for all types of ambulatory services. Of special note is the greater use of emergency services when subjects did not have a consistent provider for both preventive and illness care. Health need variables, measured across a wide range of domains, were additionally predictive, and their significance varied according to the type of services received.'] Do the effects of regular source of care and health need on medical care use among rural adolescents?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Tissue Doppler-derived indices of strain (epsilon) and strain rate (SR) have been developed to assess regional cardiac function. However, the effect of left ventricular (LV) size on epsilon and SR has not been studied in depth. The aim of this study was to assess to what extent heart size influence epsilon or SR.', 'In 21 anaesthetized pigs ranging from 12.5 to 70.0 kg, tissue Doppler-derived epsilon and SR, and haemodynamic parameters, were assessed during controlled heart rates and different loading conditions. dP/dt did not correlate to pig weight, suggesting constant contractility during growth. Longitudinal epsilon and SR were significantly higher in smaller compared with larger hearts. The hyperbolic correlation between pigs weight and epsilon and SR was r(2)=0.621 and 0.372, respectively, both P<0.0001. Afterload elevation induced a reduction in longitudinal epsilon (from -24.2+/-3.2 to -12.1+/-5.5%, P=0.001) and SR (from -2.3+/-0.8 to -1.3+/-2.4 s(-1), P=0.034), whereas increasing preload increased epsilon (from -26.4+/-10.3 to -38.1+/-14.3%, P=0.006) and SR (from -2.3+/-0.9 to -4.22+/-1.8 s(-1), P=0.002).'] Does left ventricular size determine tissue Doppler-derived longitudinal strain and strain rate?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Coronary endothelial dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance between endothelium-derived vasodilating and vasoconstricting factors and coronary vasoconstriction in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine. Thus, the present double-blind, randomized study was designed to test the hypothesis that long-term, 6-month supplementation of L-arginine, the precursor of the endothelium-derived vasodilator NO, reverses coronary endothelial dysfunction to acetylcholine in humans with nonobstructive coronary artery disease.', \"Twenty-six patients without significant coronary artery disease on coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound were blindly randomized to either oral L-arginine or placebo, 3 g TID. Endothelium-dependent coronary blood flow reserve to acetylcholine (10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/L) was assessed at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. There was no difference between the two study groups in clinical characteristics or in the coronary blood flow in the response to acetylcholine at baseline. After 6 months, the coronary blood flow in response to acetylcholine in the subjects who were taking L-arginine increased compared with the placebo group (149 +/- 20% versus 6 +/- 9%, P < 0.05). This was associated with a decrease in plasma endothelin concentrations and an improvement in patients' symptoms scores in the L-arginine treatment group compared with the placebo group.\"] Does long-term L-arginine supplementation improve small-vessel coronary endothelial function in humans?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To study whether qualitative changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) phospholipids mediate part of the beneficial effects of alcohol on atherosclerosis, we investigated whether phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in HDL particles affects the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from endothelial cells.', 'PEth increased the secretion of VEGF into the culture medium of EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation increased by 3.3-fold and protein kinase C (PKC) by 2.2-fold by PEth-containing HDL. Moreover, we showed that intravenous injection of PEth incorporated into HDL particles increased plasma concentration of VEGF by 2.4-fold in rats in vivo. Similar effect was observed when the rats were injected with HDL particles isolated from alcohol drinkers.'] Does lipoprotein-associated phosphatidylethanol increase the plasma concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Recent reports have suggested that anastomotic leakage is associated with greater rates of tumor recurrence and cancer-specific mortality after surgery for colorectal cancer. The impact of postoperative intra-abdominal infection on long-term oncologic results, however, is still controversial, and no direct causal relationship has been found between both processes. Our aim was to investigate the influence of postoperative intraabdominal infection on angiogenesis and tumor growth in an animal model of colon cancer.', 'Balb/c mice were randomized immediately after injection of 5x10(6) B51LiM cells into the cecal wall into 2 groups: cecal resection without postoperative infection (group 1), and cecal resection with postoperative intra-abdominal infection (group 2). A total of 18 days after cell injection, cecectomy was performed, and infection was induced in group 2 by intraperitoneal injection of 3x10(8) colony-forming units of Bacteroides fragilis. On postoperative day 12, the mice were killed.', 'Comparing group 1 with group 2, tumor recurrence was more frequent in animals with intraabdominal infection (65% vs 100%, respectively; P=02). VEGF serum levels were greater at the time of sacrifice in the group with infection (11+/-10 vs 30+/-23 pg/mL; P<.05). Tumor angiogenesis was also increased in the postoperative infection group. The mean (+/-standard deviation) microvessel density was 16+/-7 versus 28+/-11 vessels per high-power field (P<.05).'] Does postoperative intra-abdominal infection increase angiogenesis and tumor recurrence after surgical excision of colon cancer in mice?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is associated with white matter lesions, but the extent and severity of the lesions do not cohere with symptoms or improvement after shunting, implying the presence of further, yet undisclosed, injuries to white matter in INPH.', 'To apply diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to explore white matter lesions in patients with INPH before and after drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).', 'Eighteen patients and 10 controls were included. DTI was performed in a 1.5T MRI scanner before and after 3-day drainage of 400 mL of CSF. Regions of interest included corpus callosum, capsula interna, frontal and lateral periventricular white matter, and centrum semiovale. White matter integrity was quantified by assessing fractional anisotropies (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC), comparing them between patients and controls and between patients before and after drainage. The significance level corresponded to .05 (Bonferroni corrected).', 'Decreased FA in patients was found in 3 regions (P<.002, P<.001, and P<.001) in anterior frontal white matter, whereas elevated ADC was found in genu corpus callosum (P<.001) and areas of centrum semiovale associated with the precentral gyri (P<.002). Diffusion patterns in these areas did not change after drainage.'] Does diffusion tensor imaging reveal supplementary lesions to frontal white matter in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on renal function and inflammatory reaction in rabbits with diabetic nephropathy.', 'Diabetes was induced by injecting alloxan (ALX). Japanese male white rabbits were randomly assigned into 5 groups: normal control group, diabetic nephropathy (DN) model group, LBP prevention group, positive control group and LBP treatment group. LBP (10mg/kg) was given to the LBP prevention group after diabetes mellitus (DM) model succeeded for 12weeks and to the LBP treatment group after DN model succeeded for 4weeks. Telmisartan (3.7mg/kg) was given to the positive group after DN model succeeded for 4weeks, and the same volume of balanced saline was given to the normal group and DN group for 12weeks. Urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (SCr), and C-reaction protein (CRP) in serum were detected at the end of the 12th week. The expression of MCP-1 mRNA and ICAM-1 mRNA extracted from cortex were detected by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis was carried out to examine NF-κB p65 protein expression.', 'LBP improves the renal function and alleviates the inflammatory reaction in the kidneys of diabetic rabbits. In addition, the prevention effect of LBP is better than the treatment effect of LBP.'] Does lycium barbarum polysaccharides ameliorate renal injury and inflammatory reaction in alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy rabbits?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a multifunctional cytokine that has cytotoxic, cytostatic and immunomodulatory effects on malignant tumors. However, clinical trials have revealed high systemic toxicity and this has hampered its utilization as an anti-cancer agent. In this study, a human TNF-alpha mutant was created and tested for its anti-tumor effects.', 'The TNF mutant (recombinant mutated human TNF; rmhTNF) was prepared by protein engineering in which amino acids Pro, Ser and Asp at positions 8, 9 and 10 of TNF-alpha were substituted by Arg, Lys and Arg, and C terminal Leu157 was substituted by Phe, along with deletion of the first seven N-terminal amino acids. Prokaryotic expression recombinant vector pBV-mhTNF containing the PLPR promotor was constructed and transformed into E. coli DH5alpha. The rmhTNF was expressed in a partially soluble form in DH5alpha, purified from the supernatant of cell lysate by ammonia sulfate precipitation and two sequential chromatographic steps.', 'The purified rmhTNF was >95% pure by SDS-PAGE stained with silver and high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC). Its yield was about 1.22 mg/g wet cell paste. The mutant rmhTNF exhibited an approximately 50-fold increase in cytotoxicity relative to the wild-type rhTNF on the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 in a standard cytotoxicity test, and at least and at least 50 times higher LD50 as wild type rhTNF in mice. In vivo biological activity studies carried out on tumor cell transplanted mice and nude mice also showed a more effective cytotoxicity of rmhTNF than rhTNF.'] Does a mutated human tumor necrosis factor-alpha improve the therapeutic index in vitro and in vivo?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are nonoxidative ethanol metabolites that have been implicated as mediators of alcohol-induced organ damage. FAEEs are detectable in the blood after ethanol ingestion, and on that basis have been proposed as markers of ethanol intake. Because blood is not always available at autopsy, in this study we quantified FAEEs in human liver and adipose tissue as potential postmortem markers of premortem ethanol intake.', \"Twenty-four sets of samples were collected at the Massachusetts State Medical Examiner's Office, and 7 sets of samples were obtained from the Pathology Department of Massachusetts General Hospital. Samples of liver and adipose tissue were collected at autopsy, and FAEEs were isolated and quantified from these organs as mass per gram of wet weight. Postmortem analysis of blood involved assessment for ethanol and other drugs.\", 'The study shows a substantial difference in FAEE concentrations in liver and adipose tissue of patients with detectable blood ethanol at the time of autopsy vs those with no detectable blood ethanol, who were either chronic alcoholics or social drinkers. In addition, a specific FAEE, ethyl arachidonate, was found at concentrations >200 pmol/g almost exclusively in the liver and adipose tissue of individuals with detectable blood ethanol at the time of death, providing an additional FAEE-related marker for prior ethanol intake.'] Are liver and adipose tissue fatty acid ethyl esters obtained at autopsy postmortem markers for premortem ethanol intake?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Expression of c-fos initiated by muscle proprioceptive signaling was studied in rats after inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with administration of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI).', 'Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) neurons were visualized immunohistochemically in the lumbar cord after vibration of the Achilles tendon and/or 7-NI systemic injections.', 'The total number of Fos-ir interneurons and motoneurons (per slice) was significantly greater in the 7-NI-pretreated and tendon-vibrated (7-NI + Tv) group than in the isolated tendon vibration group (Tv group). The greatest increases in the number of Fos-ir neurons were found in the L4 (+100%) and L5 (+105%) segments (P < 0.05).'] Does 7-Nitroindazole potentiate c-fos expression induced by muscle tendon vibration in the spinal cord?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To study effect of protein synthesis inhibitor cicloheximide (Cic) on the apoptosis induced by alpha-anordrin (Ano) in leukemia K562 cells.', 'Morphological changes were observed by fluorescent microscopy. DNA content was measured by flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.', 'Exposure of K562 cells to Ano 50 mumol.L-1 for 24 h induced apoptotic cell death. Cic 1 mumol.L-1 did not abrogate or delay this effect. Indeed, Ano-induced apoptosis was augmented by Cic. Cic 100 mumol.L-1 itself stimulated 25% K562 cell apoptosis after 24-h culture.'] Is alpha-Anordrin-induced apoptosis of leukemia K562 cells prevented by cicloheximide?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Neointimal hyperplasia is the first step in a cascade leading to a reduced patency rate of saphenous vein grafts in comparison to arterial grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting. Using cultured human saphenous vein grafts as a model for coronary artery bypass grafting, we investigated if the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus attenuates neointimal hyperplasia.', 'Saphenous vein grafts from 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were processed as follows: from each patient, one segment served as baseline control at day 0. Two segments were cultured in a neointimal hyperplasia model separately. One received no treatment and the other everolimus (1 microM). All vein grafts underwent histomorphometric analysis, assessment of proliferation by Ki-67 immunostaining and quantification of phospho-S6 ribosomal protein using western blot analysis.', 'Everolimus treatment resulted in reduced neointimal hyperplasia (thickness 3.7+/-1.2 microm) compared to untreated controls (10.1+/-2.5 microm, p=0.008). The intima/intima+media-ratio was reduced in the everolimus group (0.10+/-0.02) compared to untreated controls (0.24+/-0.07, p=0.008). The number of Ki-67 positive proliferating cells in everolimus treated vein grafts (15+/-7 cells/high power field) showed a tendency of reduction compared to untreated controls (36+/-20 cells/high power field, p=0.036). Finally, everolimus treatment resulted in downregulation of S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation in comparison to untreated controls.'] Does everolimus attenuate neointimal hyperplasia in cultured human saphenous vein grafts?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sildenafil on retinal injury following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) at term-equivalent age in rat pups.', 'Hypoxia-ischemia was induced in male Long-Evans rat pups at postnatal day 10 (P10) by a left common carotid ligation followed by a 2-hour exposure to 8% oxygen. Sham-operated rats served as the control group. Both groups were administered vehicle or 2, 10, or 50 mg/kg sildenafil, twice daily for 7 consecutive days. Retinal function was assessed by flash electroretinograms (ERGs) at P29, and retinal structure was assessed by retinal histology at P30.', 'Hypoxia-ischemia caused significant functional (i.e., attenuation of the ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and photopic negative response) and structural (i.e., thinning of the total retina, especially the inner retinal layers) retinal damage in the left eyes (i.e., ipsilateral to the carotid ligation). Treatment with the different doses of sildenafil led to a dose-dependent increase in the amplitudes of the ERG a- and b-waves and of the photopic negative response in HI animals, with higher doses associated with greater effect sizes. Similarly, a dose response was observed in terms of improvements in the retinal layer thicknesses.'] Does sildenafil improve Functional and Structural Outcome of Retinal Injury Following Term Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a potentially lethal yet highly treatable cardiac channelopathy. A comprehensive LQTS-directed treatment program often includes an automated external defibrillator (AED).', 'The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of AED rescues among children evaluated, risk-stratified, and treated in an LQTS specialty center.', 'We performed a retrospective review of the electronic medical records to identify 1665 patients evaluated in our Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic (1999-2013).\\xa0Subset analysis was performed on 291 children managed without an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).', 'The average age at diagnosis was 8.3 ± 5.7 years with an average. QTc of 463 ± 40 ms (17% ≥500 ms). The represented LQTS genotypes included type 1 (LQT1) in 52%, type 2 (LQT2) in 35%, and type 3 (LQT3) in 7%. During follow-up, 3 of 291 children (1%) had a cardiac arrest with an appropriate AED rescue (2/51 symptomatic, 1/240 asymptomatic). The first AED rescue occurred during exercise in a symptomatic 3-year-old boy with compound LQT1 treated with beta-blocker and videoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD). The second AED rescue occurred in a remotely symptomatic 14-year-old boy with high-risk LQT2 (QTc >550 ms) on a beta-blocker who previously declined a prophylactic ICD. The third AED rescue involved an asymptomatic 17-year-old girl with LQT3 on mexiletine who collapsed in school.'] Does automated external defibrillator rescue among children with diagnosed and treated long QT syndrome?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['With the aging of HIV populations, vascular contributions to neuropathogenesis are increasingly important. Indirect analyses of cerebral small vessel disease have been performed, but there have been no direct studies of human brain to elucidate risk factors for arteriolar sclerosis.', 'Mean arteriolar wall thickness (sclerotic index, SI) was measured in the deep cerebral white matter of 126 brains (96 HIV+, 30 HIV-). Correlations with SI were performed for age, sex, race, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, cirrhosis, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, herpes infection, HIV infection, HIV risk, cocaine use, CD4 count, plasma HIV load, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at the time of death.', 'Age, hypertension, race, HCV, and cirrhosis were associated with SI; of the HIV variables, only cART at death was associated with SI. To address colinearity, partial correlations were run with HCV and cirrhosis, hypertension and race, and hypertension and age. With HCV controlled, cirrhosis lost significance; with hypertension controlled, age lost significance. For the entire sample, HCV, African American race, and hypertension accounted for 15% of SI variance in multivariate analysis. Each was independently associated with SI, and HCV had the largest effect. For the HIV sample, inclusion of cART in the model increased R (2) to 0.205, with only HCV, hypertension, and cART remaining significant or trend level.'] Is hCV , but not HIV , a risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Nitric oxide (NO) relaxes ciliary smooth muscle, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) is reported to regulate ciliary muscle tone. Despite the physiological significance of nitric oxide and ET-1, very few studies have attempted to characterize the mutual modes of action of these mediators in this tissue. Thus, the present experiments were designed to investigate a possible relaxation mechanism of nitric oxide in bovine ciliary muscle that has been contracted by ET-1.', 'The effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as a nitric oxide donor, methylene blue, as an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and 8-bromo-cyclic GMP on the bovine ciliary muscle contracted with ET-1 were examined. The changes in cyclic GMP level and relaxation, in response to SNP alone or in combination with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) as a nonselective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, were also determined.', \"Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation, which was significantly (p < 0.005) augmented by 10(-5) M 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and significantly (p < 0.005) attenuated by 3 x 10(-5) M methylene blue as an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. The relaxation in response to SNP was accompanied by an increase in the cyclic 3':5' guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) level, which was again significantly (p < 0.05) augmented by 10(-5) M IBMX and significantly (p < 0.005) attenuated by 3 x 10(-5) M methylene blue. The exogenously applied 8-bromo-cyclic GMP relaxed the ciliary muscle strips during the contraction caused by ET-1.\"] Is nitric oxide-induced ciliary muscle relaxation during contraction with endothelin-1 mediated through elevation of cyclic GMP?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Forsythia suspensa is used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation. To clarify the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of F. suspensa fruits, we determined the therapeutic effects of crude extract, fractions, and a constituent from F. suspensa fruits on a murine atopic dermatitis (AD) model.', 'We investigated the inhibitory effects of F. suspensa extract (FSE), extract fractions, and the constituent matairesinol on histamine release from MC/9 mast cells activated by compound 48/80 and the development of AD-like skin lesions and symptoms in NC/Nga mice exposed to Dermatophagoides farinae (mite) extract. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of FSE and its fractions were evaluated using matairesinol standard.', 'FSE, FSE methylene chloride fraction (FSE-MC), and FSE water fraction (FSE-water) inhibited compound 48/80-induced histamine release from MC/9 mast cells. Topical application of FSE or FSE-MC to NC/Nga mice exposed to Dermatophagoides farinae suppressed the development of AD-like skin lesions. Quantitative HPLC analysis of FSE and FSE-MC identified the presence of matairesinol. Topical application of matairesinol to NC/Nga mice effectively reduced AD symptoms, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, and lowered immunoglobulin E levels in serum. Further study demonstrated that DfE-induced changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in the ears of NC/Nga mice were reversed by matairesinol application.'] Do forsythia suspensa fruit extracts and the constituent matairesinol confer anti-allergic effects in an allergic dermatitis mouse model?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Non-selective beta-adrenergic blockers may cause hyperkalemia in patients with end-stage renal failure. In contrast, alpha-adrenergic blockade has been found to decrease the hyperkalemic effect of physical exercise in healthy subjects, although we were unable to confirm this effect in hemodialysis patients. In a crossover design, we studied the effect of carvedilol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker with an additional alpha1-blocking activity, on exercise-induced hyperkalemia in 17 anuric hemodialysis patients.', 'All subjects were given either carvedilol (25 mg/day) or placebo for 2 weeks in a random order with a 2-week wash-out period. At the end of each treatment period they underwent a 30-minute exercise test on a bicycle ergometer with a fixed load of 20 W.', 'The treatment with carvedilol caused a significant decrease in blood pressure. Serum potassium before exercise tests was similar (5.37 +/- 0.2 and 5.24 +/- 0.2 mmol/l on carvedilol and placebo, respectively; mean +/- SE). During the exercise, serum potassium increased significantly (p < 0.001 in both tests) and subsequently decreased during 30 minutes of recovery (p < 0.05). The mean rate of potassium increment during the exercise was similar (23.3 +/- 3.3 micromol/l/min on carvedilol and 20.0 +/- 3.6 micromol/l/min on placebo). During recovery, the mean rate of potassium decrement was 5.0 +/- 3.0 micromol/l/min and 6.7 +/- 2.7 micromol/l/min, respectively. Serum sodium, ionized calcium, insulin and plasma renin activity were similar before the exercise tests and did not change during the exercise.'] Does carvedilol modulate moderate exercise-induced hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Patients with acute coronary occlusion may lack typical signs of myocardial infarction in the electrocardiogram. We tested the ability of different echocardiographic modalities to identify coronary occlusion by quantifying myocardial dysfunction in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).', 'One hundred and fifty patients were examined by echocardiography immediately prior to coronary angiography, 2.2 +/- 0.7 days (mean +/- SD) after hospitalization for a first NSTE-ACS. Thirty-three patients (22%) had acute coronary occlusion. These patients had impaired left ventricular function as ejection fraction was reduced (54.9 +/- 9.6 vs. 59.1 +/- 7.6%, P = 0.02). Regional myocardial function was assessed in a 16-segment model by two methods: longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography and wall motion score (WMS) by visual assessment. Patients with acute coronary occlusion had an increased number of adjacent dysfunctional segments. The median size of the dysfunctional area by strain was 7 [inter-quartile range (IQR) 4.5-9] vs. 2 (IQR 0-5) segments (P < 0.001). An area of >or=4 adjacent dysfunctional segments (strain greater than or equal to -14%) had the best ability to identify patients with acute coronary occlusion, with sensitivity 85% and specificity 70%. WMS demonstrated slightly less accuracy than strain.'] Does strain echocardiography predict acute coronary occlusion in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Fabry disease (FD), also called Anderson-Fabry disease, is the second most prevalent lysosomal storage disorder after Gaucher disease. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are very common among male and female individuals, although the age of onset is later among female patients. To our best knowledge, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) has not yet been studied in patients with FD as a possible cause of abdominal complaints. The aim of our study was to determine whether exocrine pancreatic function is impaired in patients with FD.', 'We analysed medical records of patients with FD treated in Fabry Center in Slovenj Gradec General Hospital (Slovenian referral centre for FD) by the evaluation of the following features: gender, age, first symptoms before confirmation of FD diagnosis, time interval between first symptoms and diagnosis, therapy and current abdominal complaints. Diagnosis of FD was established by genetic analysis and confirmation of mutation in the α-galactosidase A gene. Faecal elastase-1 (FE-1) measurements were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the commercial kit ScheBo Biotech, Giessen, Germany.', 'There were 28 adult patients (Slovene, Caucasians) with known FD included in the study: 12 male and 16 female; mean age, 45.6 ± 14.3 (range, 19-75) years. Seventeen patients (63%) were on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). In seven (25.9%) patients, abdominal complaints (diarrhoea, bloating and feeling of satiety) were present before introduction of ERT. In three out of these seven patients, abdominal complaints resolved after ERT, and in four patients, they were still occasionally present. FE-1 was normal in all patients (547.9 ± 104.5 µg/g).'] Is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency a cause of abdominal complaints in patients with Fabry disease?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in extremely low birth-weight infants and to determine whether hyperglycemia increases the risk of early adverse outcomes (death or intraventricular hemorrhage of grade 3 or 4) and/or affects the length of hospital stay among survivors without intraventricular hemorrhage.', \"The charts of all extremely low birth-weight infants (n = 93) admitted to Texas Children's Hospital (Houston, TX) during 2001 were reviewed. The highest daily blood glucose concentrations, highest dopamine infusion rates, highest daily percentage of inspired oxygen, and mean blood sodium concentrations were averaged over the first week of life or before death or occurrence of grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage. Among survivors without severe intraventricular hemorrhage, the time ratio for blood glucose concentrations of >150 mg/dL was calculated.\", 'More than 50% of the infants had persistent blood glucose concentrations of >150 mg/dL during their first week of life. Early adverse outcomes were associated with the average highest daily blood glucose concentration through interaction with the Clinical Risk Index for Babies score and with the average highest daily percentage of inspired oxygen. The length of hospital stay was associated with the time ratio for blood glucose concentrations of >150 mg/dL through interaction with birth weight and the average highest daily percentage of inspired oxygen.'] Is hyperglycemia a risk factor for early death and morbidity in extremely low birth-weight infants?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To test the following hypotheses: Hypoxia induces bradycardia and hemodynamic compromise that are resistant to atropine but responsive to selective antagonism of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1AdoR). The mechanism for such attenuation is independent of the vagus nerve.', 'Ten minutes after sham or actual bilateral cervical vagotomy, paralyzed ventilated rats were made hypoxic (5% fractional inspired oxygen, continued until death). Five minutes after beginning hypoxia, intravenous treatment with BG-9719, a selective A1AdoR antagonist (0.1 mg/kg); atropine (0.1 mg/kg); BG-9719 vehicle; or saline was initiated. These drug doses were based on pilot studies. Of the eight treatment groups (eight possible combinations of vagotomy status and drug/vehicle treatment), n = 8 in all except nonvagotomized, vehicle-treated rats (where n = 7).', 'Heart rate and left ventricular contractility decreased rapidly with hypoxia. Atropine had minimal effects in prolonging survival (from mean +/- SEM of 15.5 +/- 2.1 minutes to 20.2 +/- 2.5 minutes, p = 0.94) and attenuating posthypoxic decreases in heart rate (p = 0.89) and contractility (p = 0.83) compared with saline. BG-9719 prolonged survival, however, from 14.4 +/- 1.9 minutes (with vehicle treatment) to 37.2 +/- 6.8 minutes (p < 0.001). Survival, heart rate, and contractility were preserved with BG-9719 compared with atropine and vehicle (p < 0.05, all comparisons). Vagotomy prevented the effects of BG-9719 on survival prolongation (p = 0.003), heart rate (p = 0.01), and contractility (p < 0.001) but did not affect those outcomes in saline-treated rats.'] Does adenosine A1 antagonism attenuate atropine-resistant hypoxic bradycardia in rats?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['In many countries women are given their own case notes to carry during pregnancy to increase their sense of control over, and satisfaction with, their care.', 'To evaluate the effects of giving women their own case notes to carry during pregnancy.', \"We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 August 2015) and reference lists of retrieved studies.\", 'Randomised controlled trials of women given their own case notes to carry during pregnancy.', 'Two review authors independently applied the inclusion criteria and assessed study quality. One review author extracted data from the included studies using a standard form (checked by second review author). We assessed estimates of effect using risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.', \"Four trials were included (n = 1176 women). Overall, the quality of the evidence was graded as low to moderate mainly due to the nature of the intervention not allowing blinding. The updated search identified one cluster-randomised trial, which was included.Women carrying their own notes were more likely to feel in control (two trials, RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.06; 450 women; moderate quality evidence), although there is no evidence of difference in women's satisfaction (two trials, average RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.29); 698 women; low quality evidence). More women in the case notes group wanted to carry their own notes in a subsequent pregnancy (three trials, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.03; 552 women; low quality evidence). Overall, the pooled estimate of the two trials (n = 347) that reported on the risk of notes lost or left at home was not significant (average RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.04 to 3.84). There was no evidence of difference for health-related behaviours (cigarette smoking and breastfeeding (moderate quality evidence)), analgesia needs during labour (low quality evidence), maternal depression, miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal deaths (moderate quality evidence). More women in the case notes group had operative deliveries (one trial, RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.12; 212 women), and caesarean sections (one trial, average RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.08; 501 women; moderate quality evidence).\"] Does giving women their own case note to carry during pregnancy?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are chromosomal loops of DNA to which acidic proteins are associated that are seen by silver staining as black dots within the nucleoli (hereafter, these silver-staining NORs will be referred to as AgNORs). As their size and number reflect cell and nuclear activity, their counting in paraffin sections is regarded as a useful tool for diagnosing and prognosing malignant tumors. We counted AgNORs in 98 patients with stage I melanoma, followed up to an average of 73 months, to verify whether the number of AgNORs is of prognostic value.', 'The number of AgNORs averaged 2.792 +/- 0.901 in the 64 patients without metastases and 4.889 +/- 1.403 in the 34 with metastases. In patients with counts higher than 3.62, there was an 82% probability of metastases developing.'] Is counting the nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins a prognostic clue of malignant melanoma?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The collection of peripheral blood stem cells, although now a routine procedure, is still a challenge in low body weight children because of specific technical and clinical issues. For paediatric patients it is crucial to obtain an adequate number of CD34+ cells with the minimum number of procedures: this can be done using large volume leukapheresis (LVL).', 'We analysed the efficacy and safety of 54 autologous LVL performed in 50 children (33 [66%] males and 17 [34%] females), median age 2 years (range, 1-5) and median body weight 12 kg (range, 6-15). The procedures were performed with a COBE Spectra previously primed with red blood cells; ACD-A solution and heparin were used as anticoagulants.', 'The target CD34+ cell dose (≥5×10/kg body weight) were collected with one LVL in 46 (92%) patients, while four (8%) patients needed another procedure. All our LVL were well tolerated. Side effects were observed in five (9.2%) patients and one procedure had to be discontinued because of catheter-related haemorrhage. The platelet count decreased significantly (p<0.001) after each procedure but without bleeding or need for transfusion support.'] Is large volume leukapheresis efficient and safe even in small children up to 15 kg body weight?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Hypoxia favors stem cell quiescence, whereas normoxia is required for stem cell activation, but whether cardiac stem cell (CSC) function is regulated by the hypoxic/normoxic state of the cell is currently unknown.', 'A balance between hypoxic and normoxic CSCs may be present in the young heart, although this homeostatic control may be disrupted with aging. Defects in tissue oxygenation occur in the old myocardium, and this phenomenon may expand the pool of hypoxic CSCs, which are no longer involved in myocyte renewal.', 'Here, we show that the senescent heart is characterized by an increased number of quiescent CSCs with intact telomeres that cannot re-enter the cell cycle and form a differentiated progeny. Conversely, myocyte replacement is controlled only by frequently dividing CSCs with shortened telomeres; these CSCs generate a myocyte population that is chronologically young but phenotypically old. Telomere dysfunction dictates their actual age and mechanical behavior. However, the residual subset of quiescent young CSCs can be stimulated in situ by stem cell factor reversing the aging myopathy.'] Are c-Kit-positive cardiac stem cells nested in hypoxic niches activated by stem cell factor reversing the aging myopathy?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Genetic variants in the complement component 3 gene (C3) have been shown to be associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Caucasian populations of European descent. In particular, a nonsynonymous coding variant, rs2230199 (R102G), is presumed to be the most likely causal variant in the C3 locus based on strong statistical evidence for disease association and mechanistic functional evidence. However, the risk allele is absent or rare (<1%) in Japanese and Chinese populations, and the association of R102G with AMD has not been reported in Asian populations. Genetic heterogeneity of disease-associated variants among different ethnicities is common in complex diseases. Here, we sought to examine whether other common variants in C3 are associated with wet AMD, a common advanced-stage manifestation of AMD, in a Japanese population.', 'We genotyped 13 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that capture the majority of common variations in the C3 locus and tested for associations between these SNPs and wet AMD in a Japanese population comprising 420 case subjects and 197 controls. A noncoding variant in C3 (rs2241394) exhibited statistically significant evidence of association (allelic P = 8.32 × 10(-4); odds ratio = 0.48 [95% CI = 0.31-0.74] for the rs2241394 C allele). Multilocus logistic regression analysis confirmed that the effect of rs2241394 was independent of the previously described loci at ARMS2 and CFH, and that the model including variants in ARMS2 and CFH plus C3 rs2241394 provided a better fit than the model without rs2241394. We found no evidence of epistasis between variants in C3 and CFH, despite the fact that they are involved in the same biological pathway.'] Is a common complement C3 variant associated with protection against wet age-related macular degeneration in a Japanese population?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Metastasis occurs in a series of discrete steps involving invasion, angiogenesis, lymphovascular space permeation, and establishment of secondary tumors. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE), a type of tumor metastasis, is usually a poor prognostic sign for patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, although its underlying mechanism has received less attention than other types of metastases have. The objective of the current study was to confirm whether cancer stem cells (CSCs) in MPE contribute to the \"metastatic cascade\" through the epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis, and adaptation in the microenvironment.', 'Pulmonary tissue and corresponding cell blocks of MPE samples from 20 patients with primary adenocarcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining with CSC-representative markers (CD133, Nanog, and OCT-4) and EMT-associated markers (E-cadherin and vimentin). Correlations between these variables and clinico-pathological parameters were analyzed. Primary cultures from eight cases of MPE were investigated to characterize the CSC properties, including marker expression, sphere formation, and differentiation.', 'Expressions of CSC-representative markers for 20 cases of MPE cell blocks were quite diverse and variable ranging from 15% to 90%. Stronger expression of CSC-representative markers and alteration of EMT-associated markers were found at the invasive fronts and in MPEs compared with the expression in primary pulmonary tumor tissues. The expression of OCT-4 in MPEs significantly related to distant metastasis and stage, as well as inversely correlated with patient survival. Primary cultures confirmed the CSC properties in MPE. Five of eight cases of MPE yielded adequate cell clusters, which also showed variable expressions of CSC markers in addition to sphere formation and the ability for differentiation and metastasis.'] Does pulmonary Adenocarcinoma in Malignant Pleural Effusion enrich Cancer Stem Cell Properties during Metastatic Cascade?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Colonoscopy has been demonstrated to be effective in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality reduction, although current screening guidelines have yet to be evaluated. We assessed the protective benefit of colonoscopy within the previous 10 years and whether this effect is maintained with age.', 'We used administrative data to compare risk of CRC death (CCD) across colonoscopy utilization among a population-wide cohort comprising individuals aged 60 to 80 years (N\\xa0= 1,509,423). Baseline and time-dependent colonoscopy exposure models were assessed in the context of competing \"other causes of death\" (OCDs). Cumulative incidence of CCD and OCD across colonoscopy exposure, over follow-up, was estimated. Relative hazards were computed by age strata (60-69 years, 70-74 years, 75+ years) and proximal and distal cancer subsites.', 'At least 1 colonoscopy during 10 years before baseline was estimated to provide a 51% reduced hazard of CCD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.54) over the following 8 years. When colonoscopy was modeled as a time-dependent covariate, the risk of CCD was further diminished (multivariable-adjusted HR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.33-0.38). Stratified analyses suggested moderately attenuated CCD risk reduction among the oldest age group; however, consideration of OCDs suggest that this is related to competing risks. CCD risk reduction related to colonoscopy was lower for proximal cancers.'] Is colorectal cancer mortality reduction associated with having at least 1 colonoscopy within the previous 10 years among a population-wide cohort of screening age?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Gene transcripts for the Thl cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are frequently detected during allograft rejection. The relative importance of these cytokines in facilitating allograft rejection is unclear. Recently, we have shown that IL-2-deficient mice reject islet allografts. In the IL-2-deficient system, IFN-gamma gene transcripts are abundantly expressed.', 'To determine the relative importance of IFN-gamma-dependent effector mechanisms in mediating allograft rejection, the present study utilized IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice as islet allograft recipients. Grafts were analyzed by immunohistology, and cytokine expression was measured by competitive template reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.', 'IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice reject islet allografts by a process that is T cell-dependent. Although IFN-gamma receptor signaling is absent, these mice do not show a clear Th2 type response.'] Is interferon-gamma receptor signaling required in the effector phase of the alloimmune response?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Both deoxynivalenol (DON) and nontyphoidal salmonellosis are emerging threats with possible hazardous effects on both human and animal health. The objective of this study was to examine whether DON at low but relevant concentrations interacts with the intestinal inflammation induced by Salmonella Typhimurium.', 'By using a porcine intestinal ileal loop model, we investigated whether intake of low concentrations of DON interacts with the early intestinal inflammatory response induced by Salmonella Typhimurium.', 'A significant higher expression of IL-12 and TNFα and a clear potentiation of the expression of IL-1β, IL-8, MCP-1 and IL-6 was seen in loops co-exposed to 1 µg/mL of DON and Salmonella Typhimurium compared to loops exposed to Salmonella Typhimurium alone. This potentiation coincided with a significantly enhanced Salmonella invasion in and translocation over the intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells, exposed to non-cytotoxic concentrations of DON for 24 h. Exposure of Salmonella Typhimurium to 0.250 µg/mL of DON affected the bacterial gene expression level of a limited number of genes, however none of these expression changes seemed to give an explanation for the increased invasion and translocation of Salmonella Typhimurium and the potentiated inflammatory response in combination with DON.'] Does the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol potentiate intestinal inflammation by Salmonella typhimurium in porcine ileal loops?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Controversy exists regarding the inclusion of cannabis withdrawal as an indicator of dependence in the next revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD). This study contrasted the concurrent and predictive validity of three operational definitions of cannabis withdrawal in a sample of treated adolescents.', 'Prospective study of treated adolescents with 1-year follow-up.', 'Adolescents (n=214) were recruited from intensive out-patient treatment programs for substance abuse, and followed at 1 year (92% retention). Youth who were included in the analyses reported regular cannabis use.', 'The number of DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence symptoms at baseline and 1-year follow-up, past year frequency of cannabis use at baseline and follow-up, and periods of abstinence at 1-year follow-up. Cannabis withdrawal was defined based on (i) the presence of two or more cannabis withdrawal symptoms; (ii) a definition proposed by Budney and colleagues (2006) that requires four or more withdrawal symptoms (four-symptom definition); and (iii) the use of latent class analysis to identify subgroups with similar cannabis withdrawal symptom profiles.'] Does cannabis withdrawal predict severity of cannabis involvement at 1-year follow-up among treated adolescents?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['A substantial number of trauma center admissions are related to driving under the influence (DUI); however, there has been no prior report of brief intervention (BI) after injury reducing subsequent DUI arrests. The hypothesis of this study was that injured patients receiving BI would have a lower risk of DUI arrest within 3 years of discharge than those receiving standard care (SC).', 'This prospective, randomized clinical trial randomly allocated patients involved in motor vehicle collisions to receive SC or a BI regarding alcohol use. The primary outcome measure was DUI arrest within 3 years of hospital discharge. DUI arrests were documented by matching demographic information to state traffic safety data.', 'After randomization (N = 126), BI and SC groups were similar in age, prior DUI arrests, and alcohol screening score. BI sessions lasted an average of 30 minutes and were performed by either a social worker or a trauma surgeon. Approximately one in six participants (n = 21, 16.7%) had a DUI arrest within 3 years of hospital discharge. Within 3 years of hospital discharge, 14 of 64 patients (21.9%) in the SC group had an arrest for DUI compared with only 7 of 62 patients (11.3%) who received the BI. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that BI was the strongest protective factor against DUI arrest (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval < or =CI], 0.11-0.96). Prior number of DUIs (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.03-2.01) and age (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99) were also associated with DUI arrest post-hospitalization, but alcohol screening score (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.99-1.13) was not. The absolute risk reduction implies that only nine patients would need to receive a BI to prevent one DUI arrest.'] Do trauma center brief interventions for alcohol disorders decrease subsequent driving under the influence arrests?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The risk of death in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) hemorrhage increases with age. Our aims were to define the background characteristics, causes, course, and outcome in patients aged > or = 80 years admitted to hospital because of acute UGI bleeding (n = 115) in relation to patients aged 60-69 years admitted for the same reason (n = 133).', 'A prospective, longitudinal study with a nested case-control analysis was carried out.', 'In the elderly patients there was a female preponderance and a significantly higher prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. By contrast, use of tobacco and alcohol, diabetes mellitus, and chronic liver disease were significantly commoner in the controls. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, anticoagulants, and corticosteroids was similar in the two groups. Esophagitis was the cause of bleeding in 21.1% of the elderly, as compared with 3.3% in the controls. The relative risk of developing esophagitis in the elderly was increased and was independent of gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, use of NSAIDs, aspirin, or corticosteroids, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and liver disease. (Adjusted odds ratio, 18.1; P = 0.0002). The rates of persistent or recurrent bleeding and emergency surgery to control bleeding were similar. However, the mortality in the elderly was higher (13 versus 6.1%; P = 0.09).'] Is esophagitis a major cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the elderly?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['In this prospective longitudinal study, we investigated the relation between sleeping arrangements and infant cortisol reactivity to stressors in the first two post-natal months. Co-sleeping, as compared to solitary sleeping, is hypothesized to provide more parental external stress regulation by night, thus reducing general stress sensitivity. We therefore expected lower cortisol reactivity to stress in infants who co-slept more regularly.', \"Participants were 163 mothers and infants from uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies. Mothers completed daily diaries on sleeping arrangements in the first 7 weeks of life. Co-sleeping was defined as sleeping in the parents' bedroom (i.e. own or parents' bed). Cortisol reactivity was measured twice: to a mild physical stressor (bathing session) at 5 weeks of age and to a mild pain stressor (vaccination) at 2 months of age.\", \"Infants with a solitary sleeping arrangement in their first month of life showed a heightened cortisol response to the bathing session at 5 weeks compared to infants that co-slept regularly. This effect was not explained by breastfeeding practices, maternal caregiving behavior, or infants' night waking and sleep duration. No effects were found of co-sleeping on the cortisol response to the vaccination at 2 months.\"] Is solitary sleeping in young infants associated with heightened cortisol reactivity to a bathing session but not to a vaccination?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The aim of this study was to build a molecular prognostic model based on gene signatures for patients with completely resected hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer (MCRC).', 'Using the Illumina HumanHT-12 gene chip, RNA samples from the liver metastases of 96 patients who underwent R0 liver resection were analyzed. Patients were randomly assigned to a training (n\\u200a=\\u200a60) and test (n\\u200a=\\u200a36) set. The genes associated with disease-specific survival (DSS) and liver-recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were identified by Cox-regression and selected to construct a molecular risk score (MRS) using the supervised principle component method on the training set. The MRS was then evaluated in the independent test set.', 'Nineteen and 115 genes were selected to construct the MRS for DSS and LRFS, respectively. Each MRS was validated in the test set; 3-year DSS/LRFS rates were 42/32% and 79/80% for patients with high and low MRS, respectively (p\\u200a=\\u200a0.007 for DSS and p\\u200a=\\u200a0.046 for LRFS). In a multivariate model controlling for a previously validated clinical risk score (CRS), the MRS remained a significant predictor of DSS (p\\u200a=\\u200a0.001) and LRFS (p\\u200a=\\u200a0.03). When CRS and MRS were combined, the patients were discriminated better with 3-year DSS/LRFS rates of 90/89% in the low risk group (both risk scores low) vs 42/26% in the high risk group (both risk scores high), respectively (p\\u200a=\\u200a0.002/0.004 for DSS/LRFS).'] Do gene expression profiles accurately predict outcome following liver resection in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To detect the prevalence of herpes virus-like DNA sequences in AIDS associated Kaposi sarcoma (KSHV) lesions and normal tissue.', 'KSHV detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using four different sets of primers. PCR products were cloned, sequenced, and analysed.', 'All of four biopsies of Kaposi sarcoma lesions and all of three paraffin embedded Kaposi sarcoma tissues were positive for KSHV, while normal tissue from the same patients was negative. Sequence analysis of amplification products revealed polymorphisms that result in amino acid changes of the predicted sequence.'] Are herpes virus-like sequences specifically found in Kaposi sarcoma lesions?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['to examine the association between preoperative body weight, adherence to postsurgical nutritional follow-up, length of postoperative period, and weight loss during the first 18 months among adults who have undergone bariatric surgery.', 'a retrospective cohort study was conducted on 241 consecutive patients who underwent open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) from January 2006 to December 2008, in a teaching hospital in São Paulo (Brazil). Data were collected through hospital records review and the variables analyzed included sex, age, immediate preoperative weight, adherence to postsurgical nutritional visits and length of postoperative period. Proportional body weight reductions during the 18-month follow-up period were examined using generalized estimating equations.', \"81% (n = 195) of participants were female, with overall mean age of 44.4 ± 11.6 years, mean preoperative weight of 123.1 ± 21.2 kg and mean preoperative body mass index of 47.2 ± 6.2 kg/m2. The overall adherence to postoperative follow- up schedule was 51% (95%CI: 44.5-57.5%). Preoperative body weight and adherence were not associated with proportional weight reduction (Wald's test p > 0.18). Weight loss leveled off at the end of the 18-month follow-up period for both compliant and non-compliant patients (Wald's test p = 0.00).\"] Do obese patients lose weight independently of nutritional follow-up after bariatric surgery?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['CD10 is an approximately 100 kDa transmembrane metallo-endopeptidase. CD10 is strongly expressed by normal prostate epithelium. While only 30% of primary prostate tumors express CD10, it is strongly expressed by most lymph node metastases. The function of CD10 and the interaction between CD10 and other cellular proteins in prostate cancer (CaP) is not well defined. Cellular context may ultimately determine its biologic function in CaP. In this study, we compared CD10 mRNA and protein expression between benign and malignant prostate cells and employed proteomic analysis to identify proteins that interact with CD10 in C4-2 prostate cancer cells.', 'CD10 mRNA and protein expression was compared using RT-PCR and Western blotting. CD10-protein complexes were isolated by immunoprecipitation using anti-CD10 monoclonal antibodies. Eluted fractions were combined, trypsinized, and the resulting peptides analyzed by microLC-ESI-MS/MS. The parent proteins were identified by searching MS/MS spectra against a human protein database using SEQUEST.', 'There were no differences in CD10 mRNA length or CD10 protein molecular weight between normal tissue and CaP. We identified 75 proteins unique to or heavily enriched in the CD10 immunoprecipitates by proteomic analysis. The 27 kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) and HSP70 were identified in three separate precipitations. Protein identification by proteomics was confirmed by Western blotting. Protein complexes immunopurified from C4-2 protein extracts using anti-HSP27 and anti-HSP70 antibodies were found to contain CD10.'] Do hSP27 and HSP70 interact with CD10 in C4-2 prostate cancer cells?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly associated with the type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the detailed mechanisms by which the viral proteins are involved in the clinical outcome remain unclear.', 'A cDNA microarray analysis was performed following introducing an NS5A-encoding plasmid or a control vector into a mouse system by hydrodynamics- based transfection. Differentially expressed genes that are associated with gluconeogenesis were selected and their expression levels in HCV patients, in NS5A-expressing systems, and in the viral subgenomic replicon system were further examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.', 'Differential gene expression including an upregulation of the gluconeogenic rate-limiting enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) compared with controls was detected in mouse hepatocytes expressing HCV NS5A and in HCV patients with diabetes. In addition, an NS5A-dependent increase in glucose production was demonstrated in human primary hepatocytes. The upregulation of PEPCK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c coactivator-1a (PGC-1a) were also detected in NS5A-expressing cells and in the viral genotype 1b subgenomic replicon system. Further studies demonstrated that the NS5A-mediated upregulation of PEPCK and PGC-1a genes were resulted from the activation of PI3K-Akt and JNK signalling pathways. In addition, the expression levels of the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 and the liver-enriched transcription factor HNF-4a were increased in HCV NS5A expressing cells.'] Does hepatitis C virus NS5A protein enhance gluconeogenesis through upregulation of Akt-/JNK-PEPCK signalling pathways?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Recent research has raised doubts about the efficacy of calcium supplementation in preventing fractures; however, adequate calcium intake remains important.', 'Using data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we assessed dietary and supplemental calcium consumption among US men and women according to risk of osteoporosis and stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.', 'We categorized risk of osteoporosis as high (having an osteoporosis diagnosis or treatment), moderate (aged >50 y), or low (aged 19-50 y). Main study outcomes included milligrams of dietary and supplemental calcium intake, likelihood of meeting national calcium adequate intake (AI) levels, and likelihood of taking supplemental calcium.', 'Mean (95% CI) total calcium consumption was 944 (846, 1043) mg in the high-risk group, 821 (788, 854) mg in the moderate-risk group, and 846 (812, 871) mg in the low-risk group. Overall, 40% of the sample met the calcium AI amount and 48% reported taking supplemental calcium. After adjustment for daily caloric intake, the greater likelihood of meeting calcium AI levels was associated with [odds ratio (95% CI)] low [versus moderate, 1.5 (1.2, 1.7)] and high [versus moderate, 1.9 (1.3, 2.6)] osteoporosis risk, female sex [1.6 (1.3, 1.8)], non-Hispanic white ethnicity [versus nonwhite, 1.9 (1.7, 2.3)], and education beyond high school [versus less than high school, 1.5 (1.2, 1.9)]. These same factors were also associated with an increased likelihood of taking supplemental calcium, except for a consistent increase with higher osteoporosis risk.'] Are americans meeting current calcium recommendations?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['One objective of colonoscopy is to identify and remove polyps-this process requires attention to detail and prolonged concentration. Providers are predisposed to cognitive errors because the procedure is often performed repetitively throughout the day. We measured the adjusted relationship between colonoscopy start time and polyp yield.', 'We performed a prospective study of 477 patients that received screening, surveillance, or diagnostic colonoscopies at a Veteran\\'s Administration (VA) teaching hospital. The primary outcome measure was polyp yield. We collected data on colonoscopy start times, which were analyzed both as a dichotomous time period (\"early-morning case\" vs \"later case\") and as a continuous variable (start time). We identified significant risk factors using univariate analysis and performed Poisson multivariable regression to measure the independent effect of colonoscopy start time on polyp yield. We evaluated evidence of decreasing polyp yield as the day progressed throughout pre-specified time intervals.', 'In univariate analysis, early-morning cases yielded 27% more polyps per patient than later cases (95% confidence interval, 11%-45%; P < .001). The total numbers of, hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps found decreased hour-by-hour as the day progressed. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that early-morning cases yielded 20% more polyps per patient than later cases (95% confidence interval, 5%-38%; P = .007).'] Does fewer polyps detected by colonoscopy as the day progress at a Veteran 's Administration teaching hospital?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Although the effect of preoperative biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice is controversial, bacterial or endotoxin translocation is one of the main postoperative problem in jaundiced patients. Failure in gut barrier functions causes bacterial translocation; homing and distribution of T lymphocytes in the intestinal lamina propria are important for gut mucosal immune defense. This study was performed to examine whether bile regulates the numbers of T lymphocyte subsets or the expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) in experimental jaundice in rats with and without external and internal biliary drainage.', 'Four groups of Wistar rats were used: those that received a sham operation (SHAM), common bile duct ligation (CBDL), CBDL followed by external drainage (ED), and CBDL followed by internal drainage (ID). Numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and MAdCAM-1-positive cells in the lamina propria were counted immunohistochemically in the specimens of jejunum and ileum of each group. Bacterial translocation was examined by culturing from the mesenteric lymph node complex isolated from rats in each group.', 'A significant decrease in numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and MAdCAM-1-positive cells in the lamina propria was seen in obstructive jaundice, although numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased in comparison with the sham-operated control. The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and MAdCAM-1 expression in the lamina propria did not recover to a normal level after external drainage, but did so after internal drainage. Frequencies of bacterial translocation were high in the CBDL and ED group. In contrast, bacterial translocation was not present in any animals in the SHAM group and was at a low percentage in the ID group.'] Does internal biliary drainage improve decreased number of gut mucosal T lymphocytes and MAdCAM-1 expression in jaundiced rats?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The BB rat model of type 1 diabetes exhibits altered body weight gain and body temperature regulation prior to hyperglycemia onset, implying the existence of as yet unidentified biomarkers of autoimmune processes that destroy pancreatic beta cells. To investigate this hypothesis, we compared the metabolic profile of diabetes-resistant DR.lyp/+ rats and their diabetes-prone, congenic DR.lyp/lyp littermates in the days leading up to diabetes onset.', 'Except for the Gimap5 mutation on chromosome 4, congenic DR.lyp/lyp rats are genetically identical to DR.lyp/+ littermates. They invariably develop hyperglycemia at 46-81 days of age, whereas DR.lyp/+ rats do not develop diabetes. In addition to daily food intake and body weight, indirect calorimetry was performed continuously on male DR.lyp/lyp and DR.lyp/+ rats (n=6/group) for 6-18 days to measure locomotor activity, VO (2), VCO (2) and RQ.', 'DR.lyp/lyp rats exhibited a progressive decrease of RQ compared to DR.lyp/+ rats 0.005+/-0.001 units/day (p<0.005). Limiting the analysis to the six days prior to diabetes onset revealed a larger decrease of 0.007+/-0.002 units/day (p<0.001) in DR.lyp/lyp animals, whereas RQ of the DR.lyp/+ rats remained unchanged. This metabolic change occurred prior to hyperglycemia onset and was not associated with changes of any other parameter.'] Does increased lipid oxidation herald diabetes onset in DR.lyp/lyp rats?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Inflammation and its associated pathologies are increasingly suggested as risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Previous research from our group has shown that increased levels of circulating, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFalpha promote colorectal adenoma risk. Emerging data in mice and humans suggest that Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) may act as a tumor suppressor in the intestine, and decreased SOCS3 expression may promote CRC. As SOCS3 has been shown to inhibit the actions of IL-6 and TNFalpha in the intestine, we hypothesized that decreased SOCS3 expression in normal mucosa may predispose to adenomas and thus increase risk for CRC.', 'We examined SOCS3 mRNA levels in normal mucosa biopsies of 322 screening colonoscopy patients (93 with adenoma and 229 without adenoma) using real-time qRT-PCR. Logistic regression analysis was used to generate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals to determine if low SOCS3 expression was associated with adenoma status. Median SOCS3 values did not differ between patients with or without adenoma. Logistic regression analysis showed no association (unadjusted or adjusted for age and sex) between SOCS3 and colorectal adenomas.'] Is suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 ( SOCS3 ) an independent biomarker of colorectal adenoma risk?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Sprawling (Swl) is a radiation-induced mutation which has been identified to have a nine base pair deletion in dynein heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1: encoded by a single gene Dync1h1). This study is to investigate the phenotype and the underlying mechanism of the Dync1h1 mutant.', 'To display the phenotype of Swl mutant mice, we examined the embryos of homozygous (Swl/Swl) and heterozygous (Swl/+) mice and their postnatal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of surviving Swl/+ mice. The Swl/+ mice could survive for a normal life span, while Swl/Swl could only survive till embryonic (E) 8.5 days. Excessive apoptosis of Swl/+ DRG neurons was revealed during E11.5-E15.5 days, and the peak rate was at E13.5 days. In vitro study of mutated DRG neurons showed impaired retrograde transport of dynein-driven nerve growth factor (NGF). Mitochondria, another dynein-driven cargo, demonstrated much slower retrograde transport velocity in Swl/+ neurons than in wild-type (WT) neurons. Nevertheless, the Swl, Loa, and Cra mutations did not affect homodimerization of DYNC1H1.'] Does dync1h1 Mutation cause Proprioceptive Sensory Neuron Loss and Impaired Retrograde Axonal Transport of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Currently, the liver is cold-preserved at 0 approximately 4 degrees C for experimental and clinical purposes. Here, we investigated whether milder hypothermia during the initial phase of the preservation period was beneficial for liver viability upon reperfusion.', 'In the first set of experiments, rat livers were preserved either conventionally in clinically used histidine-trypthopan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution (Group A: 45 min and Group B: 24 h) or by slow cooling HTK solution (from 13 degrees C to 3 degrees C) during the initial 45 min of preservation (Group C: 24 h). In the second set of experiments, additional groups of livers were evaluated: Group BB--preservation according to Group B and Group CC--preservation according to Group C. Further, some livers were preserved at 13 degrees C for 24 h. Livers were then reperfused using a blood-free perfusion model.', 'Bile production was approximately 2-fold greater in Group C compared to Group B. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) release into perfusate were 2 approximately 3-fold higher in Group B compared to Group C. No significant differences were found in ALT and AST release between Group C and Group A. Livers in Group CC compared to Group BB exhibited significantly lower portal resistance, greater oxygen consumption and bromosulfophthalein excretion into bile and lower lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into perfusate. Histological evaluation of tissue sections in Group BB showed parenchymal dystrophy of hepatocytes, while dystrophy of hepatocytes was absent in Group CC. Livers preserved at 13 degrees C for 24 h exhibited severe ischemic injury.'] Does a novel way of liver preservation improve rat liver viability upon reperfusion?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Acute viral myocarditis is an important cause of cardiac failure in young adults for which there is no effective treatment apart from general heart failure therapy. The present study tested the hypothesis that increased expression of the proteinases urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is implicated in cardiac inflammation, injury, and subsequent failure during Coxsackievirus-B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis.', 'First, we showed increased expression and activity of uPA and MMP-9 in wild-type mice at 7 days of CVB3-induced myocarditis. Targeted deletion of uPA, which resulted in reduced MMP activity and cytokine expression or inhibition of MMPs by adenoviral gene overexpression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, decreased cardiac inflammation and reduced myocardial necrosis at 7 days and decreased cardiac fibrosis at 35 days after CVB3 infection. Importantly, loss of uPA or MMP activity prevented CVB3-induced cardiac dilatation and dysfunction, as determined by serial echocardiography.'] Does inhibition of urokinase-type plasminogen activator or matrix metalloproteinases prevent cardiac injury and dysfunction during viral myocarditis?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Using a single cutpoint for the free-to-total (F/T) prostate specific antigen (PSA) ratio loses important diagnostic information. We evaluated the performance of multiple F/T PSA cutpoints in detecting prostate cancer in men with nonspecific PSA values.', 'We extracted sensitivity and specificity data from 12 studies reporting on >or=30 cancer patients with PSA values between 2.0 and 10.0 ng/mL. We calculated stratum-specific likelihood ratios (LR) and areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.', 'Multiple cutpoints for the F/T PSA ratio significantly increased the area under the ROC (0.70) compared with the single investigator-selected cutpoint (0.62), P < 0.004. The LR for the most positive cutpoint stratum (2.62) was significantly higher than the LR for a positive test from the single cutpoint (1.36), P < 0.004.'] Does using multiple cutpoints for the free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio improve the accuracy of prostate cancer detection?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['A large body of evidence links plasma concentrations of homocysteine and cardiovascular disease. Several genetic and environmental variables may modulate such relationship. We investigated the influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene variants C677T, A1298C, and T1317C on homocysteine, folate, and cobalamin concentrations in a sample of individuals from a mild folate deficiency population to better clarify the complex interactions existing among these variables.', 'In the present study, 209 individuals belonging to an admixed urban population characterized by mild folate deficiency were investigated. MTHFR gene variants C677T, A1298C, and T1317C were genotyped and homocysteine-, folate-, and cobalamin-determined for each individual.', 'Univariate analyses showed a significant association between the C677T variant with homocysteine (P<0.001) and cobalamin (P=0.005) as well as a significant relationship between the T allele and serum folate concentrations (P<0.05). The TT genotype of the C677T polymorphism remained significantly associated with log-transformed homocysteine even after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, ethnicity, folate, and cobalamin concentrations (P<0.01). Both univariate and multivariate analysis have failed to show any effect of the A1298C and T1317C genetic variants in homocysteine concentrations in this population. Finally, a significant interaction between folate and C677T polymorphism in the determination of homocysteine was also disclosed (P<0.005).'] Does methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) c677t gene variant modulate the homocysteine folate correlation in a mild folate-deficient population?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have multiple physiological effects that are amount-dependent. ROS are one of the causes of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we investigated whether the amount of ROS and the degree of intestinal I/R injury affect the expression level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).', '. We used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as ROS in in vitro experiments. Intestinal I/R model rats, which were subjected 15-min ischemia (I/R-15), were used in in vivo experiments.', 'P-gp expression in Caco-2 cells was increased in response to 1 µM of H2O2 but decreased upon exposure to 10 mM of H2O2. We previously reported that P-gp expression is decreased after intestinal I/R with 30-min ischemia (I/R-30), which time a large amount of ROS is generated. I/R-15 induced slightly less mucosal and oxidative injury than did I/R-30. P-gp expression in the jejunum was increased at 1 h after I/R-15, and ileal paracellular permeability was increased. The blood concentration of tacrolimus, a P-gp substrate, was lower during 0-20 min but was higher during 40-90 min post-administration compared with that in the sham-operated rats. P-gp expression in the ileum was decreased at 6 h after I/R-15, due to abnormal localization of P-gp, resulting in a high blood tacrolimus concentration in rats reperfused for 6 h.'] Is intestinal P-glycoprotein expression multimodally regulated by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['While several studies have demonstrated that the L-type calcium current maintains discontinuous conduction, the contribution of the transient outward current (I(to)) to conduction remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of I(to) inhibition on conduction between ventricular myocytes.', 'An electronic circuit with a variable resistance (R(j)) was used to electrically couple single epicardial myocytes isolated from rabbit right ventricle. We inhibited I(to) with 4-aminopyridine superfusion, rate-acceleration, or premature stimulation to evaluate the subsequent effects on conduction delay and the critical R(j), which was quantified as the highest R(j) that could be imposed before conduction failed.', 'I(to) inhibition significantly enhanced conduction in all cell pairs (n=23). Pharmacologic inhibition of I(to) resulted in a 32+/-5% decrease in conduction delay and a 36+/-7% increase in critical R(j). Similarly, reduction of the basic cycle length from 2 to 0.5 s resulted in a 31+/-3% decrease in conduction delay and a 31+/-3% increase in critical R(j). Finally, premature action potentials conducted with a 41+/-4% shorter conduction delay and a 73+/-24% higher critical R(j) than basic action potentials.'] Does transient outward current modulate discontinuous conduction in rabbit ventricular cell pairs?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Recently, genome-wide studies identified genetic variants that affect serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy populations (rs12785878, near dehydrocholesterol reductase, DHCR7; rs10741657, at CYP2R1; and rs7041, at vitamin D binding protein, GC). Because vitamin D deficiency is associated with advanced liver disease, we hypothesized that these variants are associated with 25(OH)-vitamin D levels and liver fibrosis. Overall, 712 Caucasian patients with chronic liver diseases were included. Liver fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography (TE) and/or histology. Serum levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D were correlated with TE and fibrosis stages. Genotypes were determined using TaqMan assays and tested for association with vitamin D and liver stiffness. Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with liver stiffness and histology (P < 0.001). Homozygous carriers of the rare DHCR7 allele or the common CYP2R1 allele presented with reduced 25(OH)-vitamin D levels (P < 0.05). The variant rs12785878 in the DHCR7 locus was associated with liver stiffness in both patients with TE <7.0 kPa and TE between 7.0 and 9.5 kPa. 25(OH)-vitamin D levels correlated with sunshine hours at the time of inclusion (P < 0.001).'] Is common genetic variation in vitamin D metabolism associated with liver stiffness?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['The Tonnis radiographic classification of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has been used as a prognostic indicator for patients with walking-age DDH. The International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification, a new radiographic classification system, has been proposed to be more reliable by its creators. We sought to validate its reliability using independent observers, to compare it to the Tonnis method, and to assess its prognostic significance in a large cohort of patients.', 'A consecutive series of walking-age DDH patients were examined radiographically and classified by the Tonnis and IHDI schemes by 3 independent observers. Interobserver agreement was determined using the Kappa method. Clinical data were collected on patients with regard to success of closed reduction, need for later pelvic osteotomy, and presence of subsequent radiographic avascular necrosis (AVN). The prognostic value of the Tonnis and IHDI classifications to predict these clinical outcomes was determined.', 'A total of 287 hips were available for analysis of the classification schemes. In total, 235 hips underwent attempted closed reduction and were eligible for analysis of successful closed reduction, and 131 hips had >4-year follow-up and were utilized for analysis of late pelvic osteotomy and AVN. Both classifications showed excellent interobserver reliability and in general, there was nonstatistically significant better reliability for the IHDI versus the Tonnis classification. In multivariate analysis, both IHDI and Tonnis classifications were found to be predictive of successful closed reduction and need for late pelvic osteotomy. Both methods showed trends toward being predictive of AVN rate, without statistical significance.'] Is a New Radiographic Classification System for Developmental Hip Dysplasia Reliable and Predictive of Successful Closed Reduction and Late Pelvic Osteotomy?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Coronary calcium score (CCS), carotid plaque area (CPA), intima-media thickness (IMT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are independent predictors of cardiovascular prognosis. Although each test may enhance risk stratification, their comparative abilities to screen for underlying coronary stenoses in individual patients is less established.', 'Forty-two patients who had a 16-slice coronary computed tomography angiogram (CTA) performed were invited to have CPA, IMT, and CRP measured. CPA was defined as the sum of all the cross-sectional areas of each plaque >1 mm in diameter found in all carotid vessels bilaterally. CCS and the number plus degree of stenotic coronary arteries were determined by CTA. The presence of clinically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as the existence of any stenosis > or =50%. CTA identified clinically significant CAD in 43% of the patients. CPA >0 was more sensitive (72%) and specific (58%) than a CCS >0 (58% and 55%) for identifying CAD. A \"clean\" carotid artery (CPA=0) provides a superior negative predictive value (74%) and likelihood ratio of a negative test (0.48) than all other studies, in particular versus a CCS=0 (65% and 0.72). The areas under the receiver-operator curves for CPA and CCS in relation to any CAD were similar (0.640 versus 0.675). Carotid IMT and CRP performed poorly compared with CPA and CCS. For detecting CAD in only the left main or left anterior descending artery, the negative predictive value and likelihood ratio of a negative test remained superior for CPA (87% and 0.33) compared with CCS (80% and 0.56). In our population with a prevalence of these coronary lesions of 30%, the post-test probability in any patient with a negative CPA result is reduced to 10%.'] Is a negative carotid plaque area test superior to other noninvasive atherosclerosis studies for reducing the likelihood of having underlying significant coronary artery disease?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Nitrous oxide (N2O) has been shown to decrease the solubility (lambdaB:G) of volatile anesthetics in human blood and, consequently, affect their rate of uptake. If this is true, then carbon dioxide (CO2) may also have an effect, which is important because methods that measure the tension of volatile anesthetics in blood washout CO2 in the process. Blood samples were obtained from fasted, healthy volunteers and patients undergoing major surgery. Each sample was divided into two aliquots: one was equilibrated at 37 degrees C in a closed glass tonometer with a mixture of isoflurane 1% and sevoflurane 2% in a test gas mixture of either 50:50 N2O/O2 or 5:95 CO2/O2; the other aliquot was equilibrated with isoflurane and sevoflurane in O2 alone as a control. Using a two-stage headspace technique using gas chromatography, we measured the lambdaB:G of isoflurane and sevoflurane in the presence and absence of the test gas in each subject. There was no significant difference between the lambdaB:G of sevoflurane and isoflurane obtained from the N2O group and their controls or between the CO2 group and their controls. We conclude that neither N2O nor CO2 has an effect on the lambdaB:G of sevoflurane or isoflurane in the concentrations tested.'] Do nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide have no effect on the blood-gas solubilities of sevoflurane and isoflurane?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: [\"Obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing cancer and co-morbidities that are part of the metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue is recognized as an endocrine organ, as it affects a number of physiological functions, and contains adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs can differentiate into cells of multiple lineages, and as such are applicable to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Yet the question of whether ASC functionality is affected by the donor's body mass index (BMI) still exists.\", 'ASCs were isolated from patients having different BMIs (BMI-ASCs), within the ranges of 18.5-32.8. It was hypothesized that overweight BMI-ASCs would be more compromised in early adipogenic and osteogenic potential, and ability to form colonies in vitro. BMI was inversely correlated with ASC proliferation and colony forming potential as assessed by CyQUANT proliferation assay (fluorescence- based measurement of cellular DNA content), and colony forming assays. BMI was positively correlated with early time point (day 7) but not later time point (day 15) intracytoplasmic lipid accumulation as assessed by Oil-Red-O staining. Alizarin red staining and RT-PCR for alkaline phosphatase demonstrated that elevated BMI resulted in compromised ASC mineralization of extracellular matrix and decreased alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression.'] Does body mass index affect proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived stem cells?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Patients with mastocytosis and wasp venom allergy (WA) may benefit from venom immunotherapy (VIT). However, fatal insect sting reactions have been described in mastocytosis patients despite previous immunotherapy. We investigated the safety and efficacy of (rush) VIT in patients with mastocytosis and WA.', 'To investigate the safety and efficacy of (rush) VIT in patients with mastocytosis and WA.', 'We describe nine patients with cutaneous mastocytosis and WA who received VIT. Cutaneous mastocytosis was confirmed by histopathology and systemic mastocytosis was diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria. VIT was given according to a rush protocol. Given the difference in safety and efficacy of VIT in patients with WA and honeybee venom allergy, we reviewed the literature for VIT with the focus on WA patients with mastocytosis and addressed the difference between patients with cutaneous versus systemic mastocytosis.', 'Nine patients had WA and mastocytosis, of whom six had cutaneous mastocytosis, two combined cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis and one systemic mastocytosis. All patients received rush IT with wasp venom. Most patients had only mild local side effects, with no systemic side effects during the course of VIT. One patient had a systemic reaction upon injection on one occasion, during the updosing phase, with dyspnoea and hypotension, but responded well to treatment. Immunotherapy was continued after temporary dose adjustment without problems. Two patients with a previous anaphylactic reaction were re-stung, without any systemic effects.'] Does rush immunotherapy for wasp venom allergy seem safe and effective in patients with mastocytosis?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Interventional techniques are rapidly supplanting conventional surgical therapies for the treatment of brachiocephalic occlusive disease. Although coronary-subclavian steal has been successfully alleviated with subclavian angioplasty, we report the first use of a Palmaz stent in the left subclavian artery (SCA) of a patient with a compromised left internal mammary artery (IMA) graft.', 'A 65-year old male patient had undergone triple coronary artery bypass grafting in 1992, but 6 months later, severe narrowing occurred in two of the saphenous vein grafts, and arteriography identified a high-grade stenosis in the SCA supplying the left IMA graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery. Following balloon dilation of one saphenous vein graft stenosis, the left SCA was stented primarily with a P3008 Palmaz stent. Normal hemodynamics were restored, and the patient has been free of coronary steal symptoms for over 1 year.'] Do subclavian stent implantation to alleviate coronary steal through a patent internal mammary artery graft?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Transfusion guidelines advise against coinfusing red blood cells (RBCs) with solutions other than 0.9% saline. We evaluated the impact of coinfusion with dextrose-containing fluids (DW) on markers of RBC quality.', 'A pool-and-split design was used to allow conditions to be tested on each pool within 2 hours of irradiation. Three pools at each storage age (5, 14, and 21 days) were created for each phase. In Phase 1, samples were infused through a neonatal transfusion apparatus alone or with treatment solutions: D5W, D10W, D5W/0.2% saline, and 0.9% saline. In Phase 2, samples were incubated alone or in a 1:1 ratio with treatment solutions and tested after 5, 30, and 180 minutes. Hemolysis, supernatant potassium, RBC indices, morphology, and deformability were measured on all samples.', 'In Phase 1, RBCs transfused alone through the apparatus had higher (p<0.01) hematocrit, total hemoglobin, and supernatant potassium compared to all other groups. No statistical differences were identified between groups for other measured variables. In Phase 2, mean corpuscular volume of all samples containing DW increased with incubation length and were higher (p<0.01) than RBCs incubated alone or with 0.9% saline after 30 and 180 minutes. RBCs incubated with D5W and D5W/0.2% saline had greater (p<0.05) hemolysis than RBCs alone after 180 minutes.'] Does coinfusion of dextrose-containing fluids and red blood cells adversely affect in vitro red blood cell quality?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "no" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To improve bead ingestion counts in Tetrahymena pyriformis by automated image analysis as an alternative to direct-counts.', 'Fluorescent latex beads were added to T. pyriformis cultures for ingestion tests. The number of beads ingested by 25 cells was counted directly by epifluorescence microscopy and compared with similar data from image analysis. anova indicated that counts were not significantly different (P < 0.05). The image analysis particularly provided advantages in terms of speed.'] Does automated image analysis to improve bead ingestion toxicity test count in the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) have been associated with diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases; however, results of these studies are still controversial. In this study, we sought to determine whether 2 functional variants (rs1801133 and rs13306560) within the MTHFR are associated with hypertension in Mexican-Mestizos.', 'We performed a case-control study with 1214 subjects including adults and children to test for the association of both single nucleotide polymorphisms with essential hypertension. The adult group included 764 participants (372 patients and 391 controls) and the group of children included 418 participants (209 patients and 209 controls). rs13306560 was associated with essential hypertension in adults (odds ratio, 4.281; 95% confidence interval, 1.841-9.955; P=0.0003) with a statistical power >0.8. In children, none of the polymorphisms was associated with essential hypertension. In addition, we assessed the effect of the rs13306560 polymorphism on the MTHFR promoter region by means of luciferase reporter gene assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cells transfected with the pMTHFRaLUC construct showed an ≈25% reduction in luciferase activity (P=0.003). Furthermore, the promoter activity was reduced considerably by in vitro methylation of CpG sequences.'] Does functional Polymorphism rs13306560 of the MTHFR Gene be Associated With Essential Hypertension in a Mexican-Mestizo Population?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Iliopsoas tendon impingement is one possible reason for persistent groin pain and diminished functional outcome after THA. So far, estimation by eye and palpation is the standard procedure to intraoperatively assess the distance of the cup to the anterior rim. However, novel technologies such as imageless navigation enable intraoperative measurements of the cup in relation to the psoas tendon and bony landmarks.', 'We asked whether psoas impingement (1) can be reduced using imageless navigation compared with the standard technique and (2) is associated with specific patient characteristics. Furthermore, we investigated (3) if anterior cup protrusion (overhang) is associated with lower outcome scores for pain and function.', 'The current study is a reanalysis of data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating navigation for THA; 135 patients were randomized for surgery with or without the use of imageless navigation. The risk for anterior protrusion of the cup above the acetabular rim and thus potential psoas impingement, defined as an overhang of the cup above the anterior acetabular rim as measured on postoperative CT, was either controlled with the help of navigation or standard control by eye and palpation intraoperatively. Postoperatively, the anterior protrusion of the cup above the acetabular rim was measured on three-dimensional (3-D) CT by a blinded, external institute. In addition to patient-related outcome measures, the Harris hip score, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and EuroQol were obtained 1 year postoperatively. Altogether 123 data sets were available for primary analysis and 115 were available for 1-year followup.', 'There was no difference, with the numbers available, between the navigated and the control groups in terms of the mean distance of the cup below the anterosuperior acetabular rim (3.9 mm; -5.3 to 12.6 mm versus 4.4 mm; -7.9 to 13.7 mm; p = 0.72) or the anteroinferior acetabular rim (4.7 mm; -6.2 to 14.8 mm versus 4.2 mm; -7.1 to 16.3 mm; p = 0.29). There was no difference, with the numbers available, in terms of the proportion of cups with anterior overhang (7%, four of 57 versus, 15%, 10 of 66; p = 0.16), respectively. After controlling for potential confounding variables such as cup inclination, cup size, patient age, BMI, stage of arthritis, and length of skin incision, we found cup anteversion (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.93; p < 0.001) and female sex (HR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.01-14.93; p = 0.049) were associated with a propensity to potential psoas impingement. With the numbers available, there were no differences observed in clinical scores between groups with and without anterior cup protrusion.'] Is navigation Equal to Estimation by Eye and Palpation in Preventing Psoas Impingement in THA?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To determine whether the noradrenergic sympathetic hyperinnervation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a genetic model of essential hypertension, is associated with changes in neurotrophin 3 (NT3) concentrations.', 'NT3 levels were measured using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG), heart, mesenteric artery (MA) and blood of postnatal and mature SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats.'] Is neurotrophin 3 increased in the spontaneously hypertensive rat?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['To determine the effect of introducing a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) D-dimer on the percentage of emergency department (ED) patients evaluated for pulmonary embolism (PE), the use of associated laboratory testing, pulmonary vascular imaging, and the diagnoses of PE.', 'Patients evaluated for PE during three 120-day periods were enrolled: immediately before (period 1), immediately after (period 2), and one year after the introduction of a rapid ELISA D-dimer in the hospital. The frequency of ED patients evaluated for PE with any test, with D-dimer testing, and with pulmonary vascular imaging and the frequency of PE diagnosis during each time period were determined.', 'The percentage of patients evaluated for PE nearly doubled; from 1.36% (328/24,101) in period 1 to 2.58% (654/25,318) in period 2 and 2.42% (583/24,093) in period 3. The percentage of patients who underwent D-dimer testing increased more than fourfold; from 0.39% (93/24,101) in period 1 to 1.83% (464/25,318) in period 2 and 1.77% (427/24,093) in period 3. The percentage of patients who underwent pulmonary vascular imaging increased from 1.02% (247/24,101) in period 1 to 1.36% (344/25,318) in period 2 and to 1.39% (334/24,093) in period 3. There was no difference in the percentage of patients diagnosed as having PE in period 1 (0.20% [47/24,101]), period 2 (0.27% [69/25,318]), and period 3 (0.24% [58/24,093]).'] Does a highly sensitive ELISA D-dimer increase testing but not diagnosis of pulmonary embolism?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "TASK: Your task is to answer biomedical questions using the given abstract. Only output yes, no, or maybe as answer.\nINPUT: ['Transient outward potassium current (I(to)) is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of the Brugada syndrome (BrS). However, an I((to)) activator has not been available with which to validate this hypothesis. Here, we provide a direct test of the hypothesis using a novel I(to) activator, NS5806.', 'Isolated canine ventricular myocytes and coronary-perfused wedge preparations were used. Whole-cell patch-clamp studies showed that NS5806 (10 microM) increased peak I(to) at +40 mV by 79 +/- 4% (24.5 +/- 2.2 to 43.6 +/- 3.4 pA/pF, n = 7) and slowed the time constant of inactivation from 12.6 +/- 3.2 to 20.3 +/- 2.9 ms (n = 7). The total charge carried by I(to) increased by 186% (from 363.9 +/- 40.0 to 1042.0 +/- 103.5 pA x ms/pF, n = 7). In ventricular wedge preparations, NS5806 increased phase 1 and notch amplitude of the action potential in the epicardium, but not in the endocardium, and accentuated the ECG J-wave, leading to the development of phase 2 re-entry and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (n = 9). Although sodium and calcium channel blockers are capable of inducing BrS only in right ventricular (RV) wedge preparations, the I(to) activator was able to induce the phenotype in wedges from both ventricles. NS5806 induced BrS in 4/6 right and 2/10 left ventricular wedge preparations.'] Does a transient outward potassium current activator recapitulate the electrocardiographic manifestations of Brugada syndrome?\nOUTPUT:\n" }, { "from": "agent", "value": "yes" } ]