Datasets:

corypaik
/

prost

A stringlengths 3 9	B stringlengths 3 9	C stringlengths 3 9	D stringlengths 3 9	context stringlengths 22 276	question stringclasses 28 values	ex_question stringclasses 28 values	group stringclasses 10 values	label class label 4 classes	name stringlengths 8 17
apple	ball	block	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a block, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	block	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a block, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	block	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a block, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	book	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a book, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	book	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a book, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	book	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a book, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	bottle	block	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a bottle, and a block.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	bottle	book	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a bottle, and a book.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	bottle	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a bottle, and a box.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	bottle	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a bottle, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	bottle	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a bottle, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	box	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a box, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	box	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a box, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	box	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a box, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	can	block	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a can, and a block.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	can	book	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a can, and a book.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	can	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a can, and a box.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	can	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a can, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	can	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a can, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	egg	block	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, an egg, and a block.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	egg	book	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, an egg, and a book.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	egg	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, an egg, and a box.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	egg	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, an egg, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	egg	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, an egg, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	ball	microwave	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a microwave, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	microwave	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a microwave, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	microwave	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a microwave, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	mirror	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a mirror, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	mirror	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a mirror, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	ball	mirror	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a ball, a mirror, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	block	ball	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a ball, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	ball	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a ball, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	ball	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a ball, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	book	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a book, and a box.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	book	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a book, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	book	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a book, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	bottle	ball	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a bottle, and a ball.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	bottle	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a bottle, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	bottle	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a bottle, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	box	book	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a box, and a book.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	box	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a box, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	box	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a box, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	can	ball	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a can, and a ball.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	can	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a can, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	can	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a can, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	egg	ball	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, an egg, and a ball.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	egg	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, an egg, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	egg	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, an egg, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	block	microwave	book	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a microwave, and a book.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	microwave	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a microwave, and a box.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	microwave	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a microwave, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	mirror	book	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a mirror, and a book.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	mirror	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a mirror, and a box.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	block	mirror	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a block, a mirror, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	ball	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a ball, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	ball	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a ball, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	ball	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a ball, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	block	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a block, and a box.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	block	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a block, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	block	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a block, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	bottle	ball	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a bottle, and a ball.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	bottle	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a bottle, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	bottle	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a bottle, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	box	block	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a box, and a block.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	box	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a box, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	box	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a box, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	can	ball	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a can, and a ball.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	can	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a can, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	can	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a can, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	egg	ball	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, an egg, and a ball.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	egg	bottle	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, an egg, and a bottle.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	egg	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, an egg, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	1B	nonrolling_2
apple	book	microwave	block	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a microwave, and a block.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	microwave	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a microwave, and a box.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	microwave	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a microwave, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	mirror	block	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a mirror, and a block.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	mirror	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a mirror, and a box.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	book	mirror	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a book, a mirror, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the easiest to roll.	Which is the easiest to roll?	rolling	0A	rolling_1
apple	bottle	ball	block	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a ball, and a block.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	ball	book	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a ball, and a book.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	ball	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a ball, and a box.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	ball	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a ball, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	ball	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a ball, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	block	ball	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a block, and a ball.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	bottle	block	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a block, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	bottle	block	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a block, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	bottle	book	ball	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a book, and a ball.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	bottle	book	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a book, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	bottle	book	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a book, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	bottle	box	ball	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a box, and a ball.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	bottle	box	can	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a box, and a can.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	bottle	box	egg	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a box, and an egg.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	2C	nonrolling_3
apple	bottle	can	block	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a can, and a block.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	can	book	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a can, and a book.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	can	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a can, and a box.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	can	microwave	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a can, and a microwave.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	can	mirror	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, a can, and a mirror.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	egg	block	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, an egg, and a block.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	egg	book	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, an egg, and a book.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4
apple	bottle	egg	box	A person is trying to roll an apple, a bottle, an egg, and a box.	The [MASK] is the hardest to roll.	Which is the hardest to roll?	rolling	3D	nonrolling_4

End of preview. Expand in Dataset Viewer.

YAML Metadata Error: "language[0]" must only contain lowercase characters

YAML Metadata Error: "language[0]" with value "en-US" is not valid. It must be an ISO 639-1, 639-2 or 639-3 code (two/three letters), or a special value like "code", "multilingual". If you want to use BCP-47 identifiers, you can specify them in language_bcp47.

PROST: Physical Reasoning about Objects Through Space and Time

Dataset Summary

Physical Reasoning about Objects Through Space and Time (PROST) is a probing dataset to evaluate the ability of pretrained LMs to understand and reason about the physical world. PROST consists of 18,736 cloze-style multiple choice questions from 14 manually curated templates, covering 10 physical reasoning concepts: direction, mass, height, circumference, stackable, rollable, graspable, breakable, slideable, and bounceable.

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

The task is multiple choice question answering, but you can formulate it multiple ways. You can use context and question to form cloze style questions, or context and ex_question as multiple choice question answering. See the GitHub repo for examples using GPT-1, GPT-2, BERT, RoBERTa, ALBERT, T5, and UnifiedQA.

Languages

The text in the dataset is in English. The associated BCP-47 code is en-US.

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

An example looks like this:

{
  "A": "glass", 
  "B": "pillow", 
  "C": "coin", 
  "D": "ball", 
  "context": "A person drops a glass, a pillow, a coin, and a ball from a balcony.", 
  "ex_question": "Which object is the most likely to break?", 
  "group": "breaking", 
  "label": 0, 
  "name": "breaking_1", 
  "question": "The [MASK] is the most likely to break."
}

Data Fields

A: Option A (0)
B: Option B (1)
C: Option C (2)
D: Option D (3)
context: Context for the question
question: A cloze style continuation of the context.
ex_question: A multiple-choice style question.
group: The question group, e.g. bouncing
label: A ClassLabel indication the correct option
name': The template identifier.

Data Splits

The dataset contains 18,736 examples for testing.

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

PROST is designed to avoid models succeeding in unintended ways. First, PROST provides no training data, so as to probe models in a zero-shot fashion. This prevents models from succeeding through spurious correlations between testing and training, and encourages success through a true understanding of and reasoning about the concepts at hand. Second, we manually write templates for all questions in an effort to prevent models from having seen the exact same sentences in their training data. Finally, it focuses on a small set of well defined, objective concepts that only require a small vocabulary. This allows researchers to focus more on the quality of training data rather than on size of it.

Source Data

Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[More Information Needed]

Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed]

Annotations

Annotation process

[More Information Needed]

Who are the annotators?

[More Information Needed]

Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed]

Considerations for Using the Data

Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed]

Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed]

Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed]

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed]

Licensing Information

PROST is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license.

Citation Information

@inproceedings{aroca-ouellette-etal-2021-prost,
    title = "{PROST}: {P}hysical Reasoning about Objects through Space and Time",
    author = "Aroca-Ouellette, St{\'e}phane  and
      Paik, Cory  and
      Roncone, Alessandro  and
      Kann, Katharina",
    booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021",
    month = aug,
    year = "2021",
    address = "Online",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.404",
    pages = "4597--4608",
}